An nual En ergy Re view 2001

The An nual En ergy Re view (AER) pres ents the En ergy In for ma tion Ad min -

is tra tion’s his tor i cal en ergy sta tis tics. For many se ries, sta tis tics are given

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Annual Energy Review 200

November 2002

Energy Information Administration

Office of Energy Markets and End Use

U.S. Department of Energy

Washington, DC 20585

This report was prepared by the Energy Information Administration, the independent statistical and analytical agency within the U.S. Department of Energy. The information contained herein should be attributed tothe Energy Information Administration and should not be construed as advocating or reflecting any policy ofthe Department of Energy or any other organization.

Contacts

The Annual Energy Review (AER) is prepared in the Integrated Energy Statistics Division of the Office of Energy Markets and En

Administration, under the direction of Katherine E. Seiferlein, 202-586-5695 (kitty.seiferlein@eia.doe.gov). Questions and comm

referred to Leigh Carleton, 202-586-1132 (leigh.carleton@eia.doe.gov), the National Energy Information Center, 202-586-8800 (

the following subject specialists:

1. Energy Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leigh Carleton leigh.carleton@eia.doe.gov 2. Energy Consumption by Sector

Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Robert Adler robert.adler@eia.doe.gov 

Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey . . . . . . . . Robert Latta robert.latta@eia.doe.gov Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey . . . . . . . . . . . Martha M. Johnson martha.johnson@eia.doe.gov 

3. Financial Indicators

Financial Reporting System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Greg Filas greg.filas@eia.doe.gov 

4. Energy Resources

Petroleum and Natural Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Robert F. King robert.king@eia.doe.gov 

Coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Richard F. Bonskowski richard.bonskowski@eia.doe.gov Uranium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Douglas C. Bonnar douglas.bonnar@eia.doe.gov 

5. Petroleum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stephen K. Patterson stephen.patterson@eia.doe.gov 

Prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Elizabeth K. Scott elizabeth.scott@eia.doe.gov 

6. Natural Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sylvia A. Norris sylvia.norris@eia.doe.gov 7. Coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paulette Young paulette.young@eia.doe.gov 8. Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Elsie Bess elsie.bess@eia.doe.gov 

End Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rodney Dunn rodney.dunn@eia.doe.gov 

Average Retail Prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Linda M. Bromley linda.bromley@eia.doe.gov 

9. Nuclear Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . John R. Moens john.moens@eia.doe.gov 

10. Renewable Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louise Guey-Lee louise.guey-lee@eia.doe.gov 

Alternative-Fueled Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jorge Luna-Camara jorge.luna-camara@eia.doe.gov 

11. International Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michael J. Grillot michael.grillot@eia.doe.gov 

12. Environmental Indicators

Greenhouse Gases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stephen E. Calopedis stephen.calopedis@eia.doe.gov 

Environmental Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Natalie Ko natalie.ko@eia.doe.gov 

Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 
Preface

The Annual Energy Review (AER) is a statistical history of energy activities in the United States. It documents trends and milestones in U.S. energy production, trade, storage, pricing, and consumption. Each new year

of data that is added to the time series—which now reach into 7 decades—extends the story of how Americans have acquired and used energy. It is a story of continual change as the Nation's economy grew,energy requirements expanded, resource availability shifted, and interdependencies developed among nations.Perhaps the greatest change in U.S. energy markets in recent years is that inthe Nation's electric power sector. To address those developments and theireffects on energy statistics, a team of Energy Information Administration(EIA) analysts conducted a review over the past year of how EIA collects, estimates, and reports electricity-related statistics. In particular, the review addressed how EIA reports fuel consumption for electrical generation. Becausepower facilities use many types of fuels and operate in all sectors of the economy (e.g., commercial buildings, such as hospitals and college campuses, andindustrial facilities, such as paper mills and refineries), changes to the electricpower data affected nearly all fuels in the AER and caused revisions in manyAER tables. Appendix H of this report, "Estimating and Presenting PowerSector Fuel Use in EIA Publications and Analyses," summarizes EIA's studyand its effects on the AER and other EIA reports.

Over the decades covered in this report, other energy industries experienced

change on a large scale as well. A study of the petroleum industry data reveals how the United States gradually moved from a Nation that once met itsown requirements for petroleum to one that depends on other nations for wellover half its supply. Trend data show that the productivity of U.S. crude oilwells peaked in 1972, and that in 1993, for the first time, the amount of crudeoil and natural gas plant liquids produced in the United States fell below theamount of crude oil and petroleum products imported into the country.An examination of the natural gas industry data shows that natural gas

well productivity peaked in 1971 and, in recent years, produced at about athird of that peak level. A transition occurred in our use of imported natural gas as well. Net imports stood at a mere 4 percent of natural gas consumption in 1986; 15 years later, the proportion had quadrupled.

Coal industry data show that transportation, uses of coal essentially disappeared over the delectricity generation soared. While a change w

tion consumed coal, an upheaval was underwthe Nation's output shifted from predominantly 

face mines and from mines east of the MississipThe nuclear power industry, which got its s1957, grew from an inconsequential contributoutput to supply more than one-fifth of the powThe consumption of renewable energy peake

1996. The 2001 level was the lowest recordecomponent of the renewable energy total is hwas adversely affected by drought in 2001 an1968.Time series provide a broad perspective on the 

energy usage as well. For example, Americanperson in 1949 was 215 million British thermaand reached a peak of 361 million Btu per per1988 on, Americans' energy usage per person lion Btu range. Another broad indicator of en

sures how much energy is consumed to produc1949, the Nation consumed 20.6 thousand Bworth of goods and services that was generated the decades, the economy underwent tremendothe type of energy used and how it was consu2001, the measure had dropped to 10.4 thousaeconomic output.Remarkable changes such as the ones touched lead us to conclude that things will not stay as and preparing for how our energy future will unus. We hope that this latest edition of the Annuin that mission.

Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Contents

Energy Perspectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

1. Energy Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Energy Consumption by Sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Financial Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Energy Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. Petroleum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. Natural Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. Coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. Nuclear Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

10. Renewable Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

11. International Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

12. Environmental Indicators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Appendices

A. Thermal Conversion Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

B. Metric and Other Physical Conversion Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. Carbon Dioxide Emission Factors for Coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

D. U.S. Census Regions and Divisions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

E. Population and U.S. Gross Domestic Product . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

F. Energy Consumption in the United States, 1635-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

G. Classification of Power Plants into Energy-Use Sectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

H. Estimating and Presenting Power Sector Fuel Use in EIA Publications and Analyses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diagrams

1. Energy Flow, 2001 ...................................................

2. Petroleum Flow, 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Natural Gas Flow, 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Coal Flow, 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. Electricity Flow, 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 
1. Energy Overview

1.1 Energy Overview, 1949-2001 ..........................................1.2 Energy Production by Source, 1949-2001 ....................................1.3 Energy Consumption by Source, 1949-2001...................................1.4 Energy Imports, Exports, and Net Imports, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 Energy Consumption and Expenditures Indicators, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 State-Level Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 Heating Degree-Days by Month, 1949-2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 Cooling Degree-Days by Month, 1949-2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 Heating Degree-Days by Census Division, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.10 Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.11 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency, Fiscal Years 1975-2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.12 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Source, Fiscal Years 1975-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.13 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency and Source, Fiscal Years 1991 and 2001. . . . . . . . . . . 1.14 Fossil Fuel Production on Federally Administered Lands, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.15 Fossil Fuel Consumption for Nonfuel Use, 1980-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2. Energy Consumption by Sector

2.1a Energy Consumption by Sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1b Residential Sector Energy Consumption, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1c Commercial Sector Energy Consumption, 1949-2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1d Industrial Sector Energy Consumption, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1e Transportation Sector Energy Consumption, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1f Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2a Consumption for Electricity Generation: Total (All Sectors), 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2b Consumption for Electricity Generation: Electric Power Sector, 1949-2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2c Consumption for Electricity Generation: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 Manufacturing Total First Use of Energy for All Purposes, 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 Manufacturing Inputs for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation by End Use, 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 Household Energy Consumption by Census Region, Selected Years, 1978-1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures by End Use and Energy Source, Selected Years, 1978-1997 . 2.7 Households with Selected Appliances and Types of Main Heating Fuel, Selected Years, 1978-2001 . . . . . . . 2.8 Type of Heating in Occupied Housing Units, Selected Years, 1950-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Rates, 1949-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.10 Commercial Buildings Consumption by Energy Source, Selected Years, 1979-1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.11 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditure Indicators, Selected Years, 1979-1999 . . . . . . . 2.12 Commercial Buildings Energy Intensities by Building Characteristic, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3. Financial Indicators

3.1 Fossil Fuel Production Prices, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 Value of Fossil Fuel Production, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy, 1970-1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy, 1970-1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 Value of Fossil Fuel Imports, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

viii Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2000

Tables
3. Financial Indicators (continued)

3.6 Value of Fossil Fuel Exports, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 Value of Fossil Fuel Net Imports, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Domestic Production and Refining, 1974-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Net Income, 1974-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Profitability, 1974-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.11 U.S. Energy Activities by Foreign-Affiliated Companies, 1978-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.12 Companies Reporting to the Financial Reporting System, 1974-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4. Energy Resources

4.1 Technically Recoverable Petroleum Resource Estimates as of 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Field Counts, Cumulative Production, Proved Reserves,

and Ultimate Recovery, 1977-2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4.3 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Rotary Rigs in Operation, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory Wells, 1949-2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Development Wells, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 Costs of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Wells Drilled, 1960-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 Gross Additions to Proved Reserves and Exploration and Development Expenditures by Geographic Area, 1974-24.9 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Expenditures for Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploration

and Development by Region, 1974-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4.10 Liquid and Gaseous Hydrocarbon Proved Reserves, 1949-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.11 Coal Demonstrated Reserve Base, January 1, 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.12 Uranium Exploration and Development Drilling, 1949-2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.13 Uranium Reserves and Resources, 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5. Petroleum

5.1 Petroleum Overview, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 Crude Oil Production and Oil Well Productivity, 1954-2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 Petroleum Imports by Type, 1949-2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 Petroleum Imports by Country of Origin, 1960-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 Petroleum Exports by Type, 1949-2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 Petroleum Exports by Country of Destination, 1960-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 Petroleum Net Imports by Country of Origin, 1960-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 Refinery Input and Output, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 Refinery Capacity and Utilization, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.10 Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production, 1949-2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.11 Petroleum Products Supplied by Type, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.12a Petroleum Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.12b Petroleum Consumption: Industrial Sector, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.12c Petroleum Consumption: Transportation Sector and End-Use Total, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.12d Petroleum Consumption: Electric Power Sector and Total, 1949-2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.13 Fuel Oil and Kerosene Adjusted Sales, 1984-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.14 Petroleum Primary Stocks by Type, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Tables (continued)
5. Petroleum (continued)

5.15 Strategic Petroleum Reserve, 1977-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.16 Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.17 Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries, 1973-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.18 Value of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries, 1973-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.19 Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Costs, 1968-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.20 Refiner Sales Prices and Refiner Margins for Selected Petroleum Products, 1985-2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.21 All Sellers Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 1985-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.22 Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6. Natural Gas

6.1 Natural Gas Overview, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 Natural Gas Production, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 Natural Gas Imports, Exports, and Net Imports, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals by State and Location and Gas Well Productivity, 1960-2001 . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 Natural Gas Consumption by Sector, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 Natural Gas in Underground Storage, 1954-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 Natural Gas Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports Prices, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 Natural Gas Prices by Sector, 1967-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

7. Coal

7.1 Coal Overview, 1949-2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 Coal Production, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 Coal Consumption by Sector, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 Coal Exports by Country of Destination, 1960-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 Coal Stocks by Sector, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 Coal Mining Productivity, 1949-2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 Coke Overview, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 Coal Prices, 1949-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8. Electricity

8.1 Electricity Overview, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2a Electricity Net Generation: Total (All Sectors), 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2b Electricity Net Generation at Electricity-Only Plants: Electric Power Sector, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2c Electricity Net Generation at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants by Sector, 1989-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2d Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants by Sector, 1989-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Total (All Sectors), 1949-2001. . . . . . . . . . 8.3b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation at Electricity-Only Plants: Electric Power Sector, 1949-2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3c Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation at Combined Heat-and Power Plants by Sector, 1989-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8.3d Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants by Sector, 1989-2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8.3e Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output at Electricity-Only and Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants by Sector, 1989-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

x Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2000

Tables (continued)
8. Electricity (continued)

8.4 Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 Electricity End Use, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 Average Retail Prices of Electricity, 1960-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8.7a Electric Net Summer Capacity: Total (All Sectors), 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7b Electric Net Summer Capacity at Electricity-Only Plants: Electric Power Sector, 1949-2002 . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7c Electric Net Summer Capacity at Combined-Heat-and-Power-Plants by Sector, 1989-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.8 Electric Noncoincident Peak Load and Capacity Margin, 1986-2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9 Electric Utility Demand-Side Management Programs, 1989-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

9. Nuclear Energy

9.1 Nuclear Generating Units, 1953-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 Nuclear Power Plant Operations, 1957-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 Uranium Overview, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

10. Renewable Energy

10.1 Renewable Energy Consumption by Source, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2a Renewable Energy Consumption: End–Use Sectors, 1949-2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2b Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector, Electricity Trade, and Total, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . 10.3 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Type, Price, and Trade, 1974-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by End Use, Market Sector, and Type, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments by Type, Trade, and Prices, 1982-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.6 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments by End Use and Market Sector, 1989-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.7 Estimated Alternative-Fueled Vehicles and Fuel Consumption by Type, 1992-2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

11. International Energy

11.1 World Primary Energy Production by Source, 1970-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 World Primary Energy Production by Region, 1991-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 World Primary Energy Consumption by Region, 1991-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4 World Crude Oil and Natural Gas Reserves, January 1, 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.5 World Crude Oil Production, 1960-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.6 World Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production, 1973-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.7 Crude Oil Prices by Selected Type, 1970-2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.8 Retail Motor Gasoline Prices in Selected Countries, 1990-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.9 World Crude Oil Refining Capacity, 1970-2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.10 World Petroleum Consumption, 1960-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.11 World Dry Natural Gas Production, 1991-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.12 World Dry Natural Gas Consumption, 1980-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.13 World Recoverable Reserves of Coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.14 World Coal Production, 1991-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.15 World Coal Consumption, 1980-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.16 World Net Generation of Electricity by Type, 1980, 1990, and 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Tables (continued)
11. International Energy (continued)

11.17 World Electrical Installed Capacity by Type, 1980, 1990, and 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.18 World Nuclear Electricity Gross Generation, 1991-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.19 World Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption and Natural Gas Flaring, 1991-2000 . . . . . . . . 

12. Environmental Indicators

12.1 Estimated Emissions of Greenhouse Gases, 1980-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector, 1980-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector by Energy Source, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.4 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption for Manufacturing Industries, 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.5 Methane Emissions, 1980-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6 Ozone Depleting Substances and Criteria Pollutants, 1980-2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7 Installed Nameplate Capacity of Steam-Electric Generators for Electric Utility Plants

With Environmental Equipment, 1985-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Appendix A. Thermal Conversion Factors

A1. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

A2. Approximate Heat Content of Crude Oil, Crude Oil and Products, and Natural Gas Plant Liquids, 1949-2001 . . A3. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Product Weighted Averages, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A4. Approximate Heat Content of Natural Gas, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A5. Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal Coke, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A6. Approximate Heat Rates for Electricity, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Appendix B. Metric and Other Physical Conversion Factors

B1. Metric Conversion Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B2. Metric Prefixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B3. Other Physical Conversion Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Appendix C. Carbon Dioxide Emission Factors for Coal

C1. Average Carbon Dioxide Emission Factors for Coal by Sector, 1980-2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Appendix E. Gross Domestic Product and Population

E1. Population and U.S. Gross Domestic Product, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Appendix F. Energy Consumption in the United States

F1a. Energy Consumption in the United States, Selected Years, 1635-1945 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F1b. Energy Consumption in the United States, 1949-2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Appendix G. Classification of Power Plants into Energy-Use Sectors

Classification of Power Plants into Energy-Use Sectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Appendix H. Estimating and Presenting Power Sector Fuel Use in EIA Publications and Analyses

H1. Revisions to Selected Estimates: AER 2001 and AER 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

xii Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2000

Tables (continued)
1. Energy Overview

1.1 Energy Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 Energy Production by Source ..........................................1.3 Energy Consumption by Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 Energy Imports, Exports, and Net Imports, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 Energy Consumption and Expenditures Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 State-Level Energy Consumption and Consumption per Person, 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 Heating Degree-Days by Month, 1949-2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 Cooling Degree-Days by Month, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 Heating Degree-Days by Census Division . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.10 Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.11 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.12 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Source, Fiscal Years 1975-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.13 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency and Source, Fiscal Years 1991 and 2001. . . . . . . . . . . 1.14 Fossil Fuel Production on Federally Administered Lands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.15 Fossil Fuel Consumption for Nonfuel Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2. Energy Consumption by Sector

2.1a Energy Consumption by Sector Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1b Energy Consumption by End-Use Sector, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Consumption for Electricity Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 Manufacturing Total First Use of Energy for All Purposes, 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 Manufacturing Inputs for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation, 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 Household Energy Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 Households with Selected Appliances and Types of Main Heating Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 Type of Heating in Occupied Housing Units, 1950 and 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Rates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.10 Commercial Buildings Consumption by Energy Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.11 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditure Indicators, Selected Years. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.12 Commercial Buildings Energy Intensities by Building Characteristic, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3. Financial Indicators

3.1 Fossil Fuel Production Prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 Value of Fossil Fuel Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 Value of Fossil Fuel Imports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 Value of Fossil Fuel Exports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 Value of Fossil Fuel Net Imports, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Domestic Production and Refining, 1974-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Net Income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Profitability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.11 U.S. Energy Activities by Foreign-Affiliated Companies, 1978-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Figures
4. Energy Resources

4.1 Technically Recoverable Petroleum Resource Estimates as of 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Field Counts, Cumulative Production, Proved Reserves, and Ultimate Recovery . . . 4.3 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Rotary Rigs in Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory Wells, 1949-2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Development Wells, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 Costs of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Wells Drilled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 Gross Additions to Proved Reserves and Exploration and Development Expenditures by Geographic Area . . . . 4.9 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Expenditures for Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploration and Development by Reg4.10 Liquid and Gaseous Hydrocarbon Proved Reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.11 Coal Demonstrated Reserve Base, January 1, 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.12 Uranium Exploration and Development Drilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.13 Uranium Reserves and Resources, 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5. Petroleum

5.1 Petroleum Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 Crude Oil Production and Oil Well Productivity, 1954-2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 Petroleum Imports by Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 Petroleum Imports by Country of Origin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 Petroleum Exports by Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 Petroleum Exports by Country of Destination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 Petroleum Net Imports by Country of Origin, 1960-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 Refinery Input and Output, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 Refinery Capacity and Utilization, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.10 Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.11 Petroleum Products Supplied by Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.12a Petroleum Consumption by Sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.12b Petroleum Consumption by Product by Sector, 1949-2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.13 Fuel Oil and Kerosene Adjusted Sales, 1984-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.14 Petroleum Primary Stocks by Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.15 Strategic Petroleum Reserve, 1977-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.16 Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.17 Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.18 Value of Crude Oil Imports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.19 Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Costs, 1968-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.20 Refiner Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 1985-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.21 All Sellers Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.22 Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

xiv Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2000

Figures (continued)
6. Natural Gas

6.1 Natural Gas Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 Natural Gas Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 Natural Gas Imports, Exports, and Net Imports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6.4 Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals by State and Location and Gas Well Productivity, 1960-2001 . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 Natural Gas Consumption by Sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 Natural Gas in Underground Storage, 1954-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 Natural Gas Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports Prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 Natural Gas Prices by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

7. Coal

7.1 Coal Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 Coal Production, 1949-2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 Coal Consumption by Sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 Coal Exports by Country of Destination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 Coal Stocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 Coal Mining Productivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 Coke Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 Coal Prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8. Electricity

8.1 Electricity Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2a Electricity Net Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2b Net Generation and Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 Consumption of Combustible Fuels at Electricity-Only and Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants, 1989-2001 . . . . 8.4 Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 Electricity End-Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 Average Retail Prices of Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 Electric Net Summer Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.8 Electric Noncoincident Peak Load and Capacity Margin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9 Electric Utility Demand-Side Management Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

9. Nuclear Energy

9.1 Nuclear Generating Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 Nuclear Power Plant Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 Uranium Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

10. Renewable Energy

10.1 Renewable Energy Consumption by Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2a Renewable Energy Consumption: End-Use Sectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2b Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Type, Price, and Trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by End Use, Market Sector, and Type, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments, Trade, and Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Figures (continued)
10. Renewable Energy (continued)

10.6 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments by End Use and Market Sector, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.7 Estimated Alternative-Fueled Vehicles and Fuel Consumption by Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

11. International Energy

11.1 World Primary Energy Production by Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 World Primary Energy Production by Region and Country . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 World Primary Energy Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4 World Crude Oil and Natural Gas Reserves, January 1, 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.5 World Crude Oil Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.6 World Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.7 Crude Oil Prices by Selected Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.8 Retail Motor Gasoline Prices in Selected Countries, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.9 World Crude Oil Refining Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.10 World Petroleum Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.11 World Dry Natural Gas Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.12 World Dry Natural Gas Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.13 World Recoverable Reserves of Coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.14 World Coal Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.15 World Coal Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.16 World Net Generation of Electricity, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.17 World Electrical Installed Capacity by Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.18 World Nuclear Electricity Gross Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.19 World Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption and Natural Gas Flaring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

12. Environmental Indicators

12.1 Estimated Emissions of Greenhouse Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

12.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector, 1980-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector by Energy Source, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.4 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption for Manufacturing Industries, 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.5 Methane Emissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6 Ozone Depleting Substances and Criteria Pollutants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7 Installed Nameplate Capacity of Steam-Electric Generators for Electric

Utility Plants With Environmental Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Appendix D. U.S. Census Regions and Divisions

D1 U.S. Census Regions and Divisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

xvi Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2000

Figures (continued)
Overview

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

306090

120

Quadrillion Btu Production

Consumption

Imports

Exports

Figure 1. Energy Overview

The United States was self-sufficient in energy until the late 1950swhen energy consumption began to outpace domestic production. TheNation imported more energy to fill the gap. In 2001, net imported energy accounted for 27 percent of all energy consumed.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1

0

100200300400500

Million Btu

215 in 1949

Peak: 361 in 1

Figure 2. Energy Consumption per Pe

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

05

10152025

18.97 in 1970

10.39 in 2001

per Chained (1996) Dollar

Thousand Btu

Figure 3. Energy Use per Dollar of Gross Domestic Product

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 19

0

306090

Quadrillion Btu

Fossil Fuels

Renewable Energy

Nuclear 

Figure 4. Energy Consumption by Sou

Energy use per person stood at 215 million Btu ally increased until the oil price shocks of 1980s caused the pattern to reverse for a few creases in the 1990s, the rate fell 4 percent fro

Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2000 

Over the second half of the 20th century, the rate at which energy wasconsumed per dollar of the economy’s output of goods and services felldramatically. By the end of the century, the rate was half of themid-century level. The rate in 2001 was 45 percent below that in 1970.The decline resulted from efficiency improvements and structuralchanges in the economy.

Most energy consumed in the United States hRenewable energy resources, mostly hydroeluse of biomass, have supplied a relatively smthe late 1950s, nuclear fuel began to be useand, by the late 1980s, contributed about the energy.
1650 1675 1700 1725 1750 1775 1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 

0

1020304050

Quadrillion Btu

Coal

Wood

Figure 5. Energy Consumption by Source, 1635-2001

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

0

102030405060

Quadrillion Btu

History Projections

Petroleum

Coal

Natural Gas

Nuclear Electric

Power

Non-Hydroelectric Renewable Energy

Hydroelectric Power

Figure 6. Energy Consumption History and Outlook, 1949-2020

In the long view served as the preabout half of the 1885, coal surpasits tremendous anin turn, overtaken of the 20th centurenced rapid develof the 20th centuragain. Late in thform of energy, nuveloped and made While the Nationlarge-scale changwere developed, tple of decades (astions, and policieand reliance on els—petroleum, nexpansion in rentively flat generpower.

Consumption by Source

Energy Perspect vi es

xviii Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001
Consumption by Sector

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

10203040

Quadrillion Btu

Industrial

Transportation

Residential

Commercial

Figure 7. Energy Consumption by End-Use

The industrial sector of the economy used the largest share of energyand showed the greatest volatility. In particular, steep drops occurredin 1975 and 1980-83 in response to high oil prices. Transportation wasthe next largest energy consuming sector, followed by residential useand commercial use.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1

05

101520

Quadrillion Btu 

Lo

Figure 8. Residential and Commercial 

Coal, once important to residential and comgradually replaced by other forms of energy. the early 1970s. Natural gas grew fast until fluctuated around the 1970 level over the newhile, electricity’s use (and related losses) exp

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0369

12

Quadrillion Btu

Natural Gas Petroleum

Coal

Electricity

Losses1

Wood

Figure 9. Industrial Energy Consumption

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1

07

142128

Quadrillion Btu

Tota

Pet

Figure 10. Transportation Energy Con

1 Energy lost during generation, transmission, and dist

1 Energy lost during generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity.

Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Coal, once the prominent form of energy in the industrial sector, gaveway to natural gas and petroleum in the late 1950s. Both natural gasand petroleum expanded rapidly until the early 1970s; after that, largeswings occurred. All forms of energy used in the industrial sectorturned down in 2001.

The transportation sector’s use of energy, whtroleum, more than tripled from 1949 to 2counts for about two-thirds of the petroleum Distillate fuel oil and jet fuel are other impused in the sector.
Production and Trade

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

05

10152025

Quadrillion Btu

Crude Oil

Natural Gas

Coal

Nuclear Electric

Power

Hydroelectric Power

Wood and Waste

Natural Gas Plant

Liquids

Figure 11. Energy Production by Major Source

E

n

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g

y

P

e

r

s

p

e

c

t

v

i

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s

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1

0

255075

100125

Percent

Figure 12. Fossil Fuel Production as S

of Its Consumption

The Nation almost always produced more than requirements. For many years, we were also gas, but after 1967, we produced less than we troleum production fell far short of domestic r

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 19

05

101520253035

Quadrillion Btu

Total Exports

Figure 13. Energy Imports and Export

Since the late 1950s, the Nation imported moIn 2001, the United States imported 30 quadrilported 4 quadrillion Btu. Most imported energleum; in recent years, natural gas imports greExported energy was primarily in the form owhen petroleum exports expanded, and, in scoal exports.

xx Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2000

Most energy produced in the United States comes from fossil fuels—coal, natural gas, and crude oil. Coal, the leading source at the middle of the 20th century, was surpassed by crude oil and natural gas for many years, but againbecame the leading source of energy in the mid-1980s, used primarily for electric generation. Hydroelectric output in 2001 was the lowest level since 1966.
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

05

101520

Million Barrels per Day Domestic Supply1

Net Imports

Consumption

Figure 14. Petroleum Overview

When U.S. domestic supply of petroleum peaked at 11.7 million barrelsper day in 1970, net imports stood at 3.2 million barrels per day. As domestic supply declined, consumption grew. In 1998, for the first time, netimports surpassed domestic supply. In 2001, domestic supply was 9.0 million barrels per day and net imports were 10.6 million barrels per day.

1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 

02468

10

Million Barrels per Day

Alaska

Peak: 9.4 in 1970

Figure 15. 48 States and Alaskan Crud

Crude oil production peaked in the U.S. 48 Stateday in 1970. As production fell in the 48 Stateson line and helped supply U.S. needs. Alaskan prlion barrels per day in 1988, then fell to less than h

1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

05

101520

Barrels per Day per Well

Peak: 18.6 in 1972

11.0 in 2001

Figure 16. Crude Oil Well Productivity

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 

0

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,000

Number of Rigs

Peak: 

Figure 17. Crude Oil and Natural Gas R

Operation

Petroleum Overview and Crude Oil Production

1 Crude oil and natural gas plant liquids production; refinery gains; and field production of other components.

Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

The amount of crude oil produced per day per well rose sharply in the1960s, reached a peak of 18.6 barrels per day per well in 1972, and, except for a brief recovery in 1978, fell through 1999. In 2001, productivity measured 11.0 barrels per day per well, 41 percent below the peak.

Rotary rig activity declined sharply in the pAfter 1971, the number of rigs in operation bpeak of 4 thousand rigs in operation was regis

cline followed, and the number of rigs in opepercent below the peak level in 1981.
E

n

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r

g

y

P

e

r

s

p

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c

t

v

i

e

sPetroleum Consumption and Prices

1 Composite of domestic and imported crude oil. 2 In chained (1996) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflator.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

05

1015

Million Barrels per Day Transportation Industrial Electric Power1

Residential and Commercial

Figure 18. Petroleum Consumption by Sector

Transportation was the largest consuming sector of petroleum and theone showing the greatest expansion over the second half of the 20th century. In 2001, 13 million barrels per day of petroleum products wereconsumed for transportation purposes, accounting for 69 percent of allpetroleum used.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1

02468

10

Million Barrels per DayMoto

Figure 19. Petroleum Consumption by 

Motor gasoline is the single largest petroleum United States. Its consumption stood at 8.6 m2001, 44 percent of all petroleum consumptioliquefied petroleum gases (LPG) are other impof residual fuel oil fell off sharply after 1977.

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

102030405060

Dollars per Barrel

Nominal

Real2

Figure 20. Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Cost1

1980 1985 1990 

0.000.751.502.25

Dollars per Gallon

Real1

Nominal

Figure 21. Price of Motor Gasoline

1 In chained (1996) dollars, calculated by using gross 

deflator.

1 Through 1988, electric utilities only; after 1988, includes independent power

producers.

xxii Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2000

The refiner acquisition composite (domestic and foreign) cost of crude oil innominal (unadjusted for inflation) dollars peaked at $35 per barrel in 1981.The price fell dramatically over the years that followed, reaching $18 perbarrel in 1999. It jumped to $28 per barrel in 2000 and then declinedagain to $23 per barrel in 2001.

In nominal (unadjusted for inflation) dollarsage of 65¢ per gallon for motor gasoline in price of $1.53 was 135 percent higher than thfor inflation, it was 4 percent higher.
OPEC = Organization of Petroleum Exporting Count

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

02468

10

Million Barrels per Day Crude Oil Imports Petroleum Product Imports

Exports

Figure 22. Petroleum Trade

U.S. crude oil imports grew rapidly from mid-century until the late 1970s.From 1979 to 1985, imports fell sharply due to improved efficiency andconservation efforts. After 1985, the upward trend resumed. In 2001,crude oil imports reached a record-high level of 9.1 million barrels perday, and petroleum product imports stood at 2.5 million barrels per day.

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1

02468

Million Barrels per DayOPEC Non-OPEC

Figure 23. Imports From OPEC and No

As U.S. petroleum imports rose sharply in the reliance on petroleum from the Organization Countries (OPEC) grew. In 1977, 70 percenports came from OPEC countries. After 1992, came from non-OPEC countries than from OP

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0.00.51.01.52.0

Million Barrels per Day Saudi Arabia Venezuela Nigeria

Figure 24. Imports From Selected OPEC Countries

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 

0.00.51.01.52.0

Million Barrels per Day 

Figure 25. Imports From Canada and 

Petroleum Trade

OPEC = Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries.

Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Among OPEC countries, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, and Nigeria—nationsfrom three different continents—were key suppliers of petroleum to theAmerican market. Each experienced wide fluctuation in the amount of petroleum it sold to the United States over the decades. In 2001, the three together accounted for three-fourths of U.S. imports from OPEC countries.

Canada and Mexico, our national neighbors, sties of petroleum from non-OPEC countriewere insignificant until the mid-1970s when role in U.S. supplies. In 2001, Canada and over one-fourth of all U.S. petroleum imports
Petroleum Stocks

1Imported by SPR and imported by others for SPR.

E

n

e

r

g

y

P

e

r

s

p

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c

t

v

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s

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

250500750

1,000

Million Barrels Products

Crude Oil

Figure 26. Stocks of Crude Oil and Products

Through 1983, the Nation held most of its petroleum storage in theform of products, which are ready for the market. After that, most petroleum in storage was in the form of crude oil. At the end of 2001, petroleum stocks totaled 1.6 billion barrels, 54 percent crude oil and 46percent products.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 

0

450900

1,3501,800

Million Barrels 

Figure 27. Strategic Petroleum Reserv

In 1977, the United States began building a nleum stocks in case of emergency. The amouStrategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) peaked 1994 and 1995. The level at the end of 2001 As SPR stocks were built, non-SPR stocks wer

1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001

0

255075

100

8

59

24

16

93

60

85

72

43

18

27

1920

10

0 4 5 4 0 1 0 8 7 5 9

Million Barrels

Figure 28. Crude Oil Imports for SPR1

1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 

0

255075

100125

1

8 11

17

43

68

88

96

115

9491

8581828

Days 

Figure 29. SPR Stocks as Days’ Worth 

xxiv Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2000

Most of the crude oil in SPR is imported oil, and most of it came in during the early 1980s. In fact, from 1991 through 1997, only 14 millionbarrels were imported for the reserve, and in 3 of those years, no oil atall was imported for the reserve. In 2001, 9 million barrels of crude oilwere imported for SPR.

An important SPR measure is the number of d

ports of petroleum that could be met by the The peak level occurred in 1985 when the re115 days of petroleum net imports, at the 198down since then and stood at 52 days at the en
Motor Vehicles 

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

255075

100125150175

Index 1973=100

Fuel Rate

Mileage

Fuel Consumption

Figure 30. Motor Vehicle Indicators

The composite motor vehicle fuel rate (miles per gallon) soared 42 percent from 1973 to 1991 but remained nearly flat over succeeding years.Mileage (miles driven per vehicle) grew steadily from 1980 to 1998,but declined slightly in 1999 and 2000. Fuel consumption per vehiclefell 21 percent from 1973 to 1991, but rebounded 7 percent by 2000.

1970 1975 1980 1985 

012345

Thousand Gallons per Vehicle

Vans, Pickup 

Figure 31. Motor Vehicle Fuel Consum

From 1966 to 2000, truck fuel consumption r2.3 thousand gallons per truck to 4.4 thousaconsumption rates of other vehicle types fellpercent and other vehicles down 20 percent.

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

08

162432

Thousand Miles per Vehicle Vans, Pickup Trucks, and SUVs1 Trucks Passenger Cars2

Figure 32. Motor Vehicle Mileage

1970 1975 1980 1985 

05

10152025

Miles per Gallon

Trucks

Passenger Cars

Figure 33. Motor Vehicle Fuel Rates

Truck miles traveled per year greatly exceeded that of other vehicletypes and grew sharply from 1966 to 2000, up 105 percent. In 2000,trucks averaged 26 thousand miles per vehicle per year, while passenger cars, vans, pickup trucks, and sport utility vehicles averaged just under 12 thousand miles per year.

Since 1976, the average fuel rates (miles per 

and vans, pickup trucks, and sport utility vehiing the new century with much better rates thtury earlier. The truck fuel rate, however, 1998 through 2000.

1 Sport-utility vehicle. 2 Motorcycles are included 

1 Sport-utility vehicle. 2 Motorcycles are included through 1989. 1 Sport-utility vehicle. 2 Motorcycles are included 

Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Note: Motor vehicles include passenger cars, motorcycles, vans, pickup trucks, sport utility vehicles, trucks, and buses.
Natural Gas

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1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

-5

05

10152025

Trillion Cubic Feet

Consumption

Production

Net Imports

Figure 34. Natural Gas Overview

U.S. natural gas production and consumption were nearly in balancethrough 1986. When consumption began to outpace production, imports of natural gas rose to meet U.S. requirements for the fuel. In2001, consumption stood at 22.6 trillion cubic feet (Tcf), production at19.4 Tcf, and net imports at 3.6 Tcf.

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 

0

150300450

Thousand Cubic Feet per Day per Well 

Peak: 435 in 

Figure 35. Natural Gas Well Productiv

Gas well productivity, measured as gross withgrew rapidly in the late 1960s, peaked in 1971til the mid-1980s. Productivity remained near2001 rate of 153 thousand cubic feet per day plow the 1971 peak level.

4.2 in 1986

16.1 in 2001

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

05

101520

Percent

Figure 36. Net Imports as Share of Consumption

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1

02468

1012

Trillion Cubic FeetIndu

Reside

Transportation

Figure 37. Natural Gas Consumption b

1 Through 1988, electric utilities only; after 1988, inc

producers.

xxvi Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2000

Net imports as a share of consumption registered in the 4-to-5 percentrange in the 1970s and early 1980s. Net imports measured 4.2 percentof consumption in 1986, which was followed by consumption increasesthat outpaced production growth. Net imports expanded, and in 2001accounted for 16.1 percent of consumption.

The industrial sector was both the largest cogas and the sector with the greatest volatility ability in industrial output. The electric ponearly one-fourth of all natural gas consumpt
Coal

Improved mining technology and the shift towardmore surface-mined coal promoted increased productivity from the Nation’s mines after 1978.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

02468

Short Tons per Miner Hour

7.02 in 2000

1.77 in 1978

Figure 40. Coal Mining Productivity

Most growth of coal production came from surfacemines, which surpassed underground production after 1973.

Western coal productio

ter 1969 and exceeded ginning in 1999.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0.00.30.60.91.2

Billion Short Tons Production Consumption

Exports

Figure 38. Coal Overview

Unlike petroleum or natural gas, domestic supplies of coal nearly always outpaced U.S. consumption of the resource. Coal exports peakedat 113 million short tons in 1981. In 2001, the United States exported49 million short tons, over a third of it to Canada.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 

0

200400600800

1,000

Million Short Tons

Residential, Commercial, and Transportation

Figure 39. Coal Consumption by Secto

In the 1950s, most coal was consumed in thhomes were still heated by coal, and the trsumed coal in steam-driven trains and ships. was used for generating electricity and by 200tor’s share stood at 91 percent of all coal consu

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

200400600800

Million Short TonsSurface Underground

Figure 41. Production by Mining Method

1950 1960 

0

200400600800

Million Short Tons

West ofMississ

Figure 42. Productio

1 Through 1988, electric utilities only; after 1988, in

producers.

Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 
Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output

Energy Perspect vi es Electricity-Only Plants Combined-Heat-and-Power

Plants

Total

(All Sectors)

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

01234

Trillion Kilowatthours

Figure 43. Electric Power Net Generation

Electric power generation grew from 0.3 trillion kilowatthours in 1949to 3.7 trillion kilowatthours in 2001. Over the entire span, electricitynet generation failed to increase in only two recession-affected years,1982 and 2001, when 2-percent decreases were recorded.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 19

0.00.51.01.52.02.5

Trillion Kilowatthours Co

P

Figure 44. Major Sources of Net Gener

Most net generation of electricity came from csil fuels (coal, petroleum, and natural gas) acall net generation, while nuclear electric poweand renewable energy resources 8 percent. Monewable energy resources was derived from hy

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000

0

50

100150200

Billion Kilowatthours

Industrial Sector

Commercial Sector

Independent

Power Producers

Figure 45. Net Generation at Combined-Heat-and- Power

Plants

1990 1992 1994 19

0.00.51.01.52.0

Quadrillion Btu

Industrial S

Commercial Se

Figure 46. Useful Thermal Output at Co

Power Plants

Some facilities exist to produce only electricity; others function as combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants that produce both electricity and heatfrom a single heat source. Some paper mills and refineries, which are partof the industrial sector, operate as CHP plants, and some commercial sector facilities, such as hospitals and college campuses, are CHP facilities.

The non-electrical output at a combined-heatcalled useful thermal output. Useful thermal that is available from the plant for use in indcesses or heating or cooling applications. In Btu of useful thermal output was created by th

xxviii Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2000
Electricity Sales, Prices, and Trade

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 

0369

12

Cents per Kilowatthour (Chained 1996 Dollars)

Residential

Industrial

Other

Commercial

Figure 48. Average Real Retail Prices of E

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0.00.51.01.5

Trillion Kilowatthours Industrial

Residential

Commercial

Other

Direct Use

Figure 47. Retail Sales by Sector

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

15304560

Billion Kilowatthours Imports

Exports

Figure 49. Electricity Trade

After mid-century, enormous growth occurred in electricity sales in allthree major sectors—residential, industrial, and commercial. Beginning in 1993, residential sales surpassed industrial sales. The industrialsector’s use of electricity showed the greatest volatility, especiallyfrom the late 1970s through the mid 1980s.

Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

In inflation-adjusted terms, most electricity sect1960s, reversed course around 1970 to rise sharpand then recorded a pattern of steady decline until again. Over the decades, industrial consumers paiity; residential customers usually paid the highespaid lower rates than they had in 1960, when adjus

Except for a few years in the 1960s when imported and exported electricity were nearly equal, the United States imported more electricitythan it exported. Most electricity trade occurred with Canada, withsmaller exchanges between the United States and Mexico. In 2001, netimported electricity was less than 1 percent of all electricity used in theUnited States.
Nuclear Electric Power

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0

70

140210280

Number of Units 

Figure 54. Operable Units and Cumula

1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

70

140210280

Number of Units Full-Power Operating Licenses Construction Permits Issued

Units Ordered

Cumulat ve i

Figure 53. Cumulative Unit Orders, Permits, and Licenses

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

306090

120

Number of Units

Peak: 112 in 1990

104 in 2001

Figure 50. Number of Operable Units

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

05

10152025

Percent

21 in 2001

Figure 51. Nuclear’s Share of Electricity

1975 1980 

0

255075

100

Percent

Figure 52. Capacity 

Over the latter part of the last century, nuclear electricpower played a key role in meeting the Nation's rapidly growing electricity requirement. In 2001, 21 percent of all U.S. electricity came from nuclear electric

In 1957, a new plant in Shippingport, Pennsylvania,became the first operable nuclear electric plant inthe United States. Many new units became operable in the 1970s and 1980s.

Capacity factors measua share of maximum poindustry were in the 50the 1980s, but improve

xxx Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2000

A total of 259 nuclear electric power units have been ordered over thehistory of the industry in the United States. The last new orders wereplaced in 1978. Of the 259 orders, 177 advanced to the issuance ofcontruction permits and, of those, 132 gained full-power operating licenses.

Out of the 132 units that were granted full-over time 28 were shut down permanently. Tever operable in the United States was 1through 2001, 104 units were operable.
Renewable Energy

Note: Data were not collected for 1985. Shipments 

factured collectors plus imports.

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000

012345

Quadrillion Btu

Conventional

Hydroelectric Power

Wood

Waste

Geothermal

Figure 55. Renewable Energy Consumption by Source

Total U.S. renewable energy consumption, which stood at about 7 quadrillion Btu per year from 1995 to 1999, fell in 2000 and 2001. Conventional hydroelectric power, which accounted for about half of the total,declined steeply in 2000 and 2001. Wood was the next largest sourceof renewable energy, followed by waste and geothermal. Smaller quantities came from alcohol fuels, solar, and wind.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 19

0123456

Quadrillion Btu

Figure 56. Renewable Energy Consum

Most renewable energy was consumed by the generate electricity. After 1958, the industrilargest consuming sector of renewable energby-product of paper production. Residential senergy (mostly wood) was the third largest con

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0.00.51.01.52.0

Quadrillion Btu Residential

Electric Power1

Industrial

Figure 57. Wood Consumption by Selected Sector

1975 1980 1985 1

05

10152025

Million Square Feet Total Shipment

Exports

Figure 58. Solar Collector Shipments a

1 Through 1988, electric utilities only; after 1988, includes independent power

producers.

Note: Wood includes wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 1 Through 1988, electric utilities only; after 1988, in

producers.

Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Except for the period from 1974 through 1982, residential use of wood generally declined over the second half of the 20th century, while the industrialsector’s use of wood, mainly black liquor, expanded. Twenty-two percentof all wood consumed in 2001 was used to generate electricity. Commercial use of wood was very small.

Solar collector total shipments peaked in 1feet. From 1991 through 2000, the level of smillion square feet per year. Since 1983, impceeded exports, and the imports trend was gen
International Energy

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1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

4080

120160

Quadrillion Btu

Crude Oil

and NGPL

Coal

Natural Gas

Hydroelectric Power, Geothermal, and Other

Nuclear Electric Power

Figure 59. World Primary Energy Production by Source

From 1970 to 2000, world primary energy production grew by 84 percent. Growth occurred in all types of energy. In 2000, fossil fuels accounted for 85 percent of all energy produced worldwide, renewableenergy 8 percent, and nuclear power 6 percent.

1992 1994 1996 

0

255075

100125

Quadrillion Btu

North, Central,and South America

Eastern Europe and Former U.S.S.R. 

Western Europe

Middle EastAfrica

Figure 60. World Primary Energy Prod

One-third of the 397 quadrillion Btu of energ2000 came from North, Central, and South Aand 2000, total primary energy production grethe world except Eastern Europe and the Formduction fell by 18 percent.

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

20406080

Million Barrels per Day

World

OPEC

Figure 61. World Crude Oil Production

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

02468

101214

Million Barrels per Day

Former

U.S.S.R.

UnitedStates

Russia

Saudi

Arabia

Iran

Figure 62. Leading Crude Oil Producers

1960 1970 

05

101520

Million Barrels per Day

Figure 63. Leading 

OPEC = Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries.

xxxii Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2000

World crude oil production was 68 million barrelsper day in 2000 and 2001. OPEC’s share fell from55 percent in 1973 to 42 percent in 2001.

After 1991, Saudi Arabia was the largest producer.U.S. production peaked in 1970. After 1998, Russia’s production surpassed U.S. output.

The United States acworld consumption of and China accounted 

tively.
Carbon Dioxide Emissions 

1 Based on chained (1996) dollars.

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000

02468

Billion Metric Tons of Gas 1990: 5.0 2000: 5.8

Figure 64. Carbon Dioxide Emissions

In the United States, fossil fuel combustion is responsible for 98 percent of all emissions from carbon dioxide, which is the most significantgreenhouse gas. Total carbon dioxide emissions reached 5.8 billionmetric tons of gas in 2000, 17 percent higher than the 1990 level.

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1

0

100200300400500600

Million Metric Tons Carbon Equivalent Transportation Industrial Residential Commercial

Figure 65. Carbon Dioxide Emissions 

The level of carbon dioxide emissions generateexceeded other sector levels until 1998 when it wtation emissions. Commercial sector emissionsectors, registered the largest percentage gain, 2

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000

90

100110120130140150

Index 1990=100 Inflation-Adjusted Gross Domestic Product1 Energy-Related Carbon

Dioxide Emissions

Figure 66. GDP Growth and Carbon Dioxide Emissions

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 19

05

1015

Million Metric Tons of Methane Waste Management 

Agriculture Industrial Processes

Figure 67. Methane Emissions by Sec

Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

While gross domestic product (GDP) grew by 38 percent from 1990 to2000, energy-related carbon dioxide emissions grew by 16 percent. Itwas primarily the use of less energy per unit of economic output, ratherthan the use of low-carbon fuels, that held the rate of carbon dioxideemissions growth below that of the inflation-adjusted gross domesticproduct.

In 2000, methane emissions accounted for 9 phouse gas emissions, weighted by global warmane emissions come from energy, agricultumanagement. The production, processing, and accounted for two-thirds of all energy-relat2000.
1. Table 1.1.

2. Table 1.5.3. Table 1.5.4. Table 1.3.5. Tables F1a and F1b.

6. Historical data: Table 1.3; projections:

Energy Information Administration

(EIA), Annual Energy Outlook 2002,

Tables A1 and A18.

7. Table 2.1a.8. Tables 2.1b and 2.1c.9. Table 2.1d.

10. Tables 2.1e, 5.12c, and A3.11. Table 1.2.12. Tables 5.1, 6.1, and 7.1.13. Tables 1.3 and 1.4.14. Table 5.1.15. Table 5.2.16. Table 5.2.17. Table 4.3.18. Tables 5.12a, 5.12b, 5.12c, and 5.12d.19. Table 5.11.20. Table 5.19.21. Table 5.22.22. Tables 5.3 and 5.5.23. Table 5.4.24. Table 5.4.25. Table 5.4.26. Table 5.14.

27. Table 5.14.28. Table 5.15.29. Table 5.15.30. Table 2.9.31. Table 2.9.32. Table 2.9.33. Table 2.9.34. Table 6.1.35. Table 6.4.36. Table 6.3.37. Table 6.5.38. Tables 7.1 and 7.4.39. Table 7.3.40. Table 7.6.41. Table 7.2.42. Table 7.2.43. Tables 8.2a, 8.2b, and 8.2c.44. Table 8.2a.45. Table 8.2c.46. Table 8.2d.47. Table 8.5.48. Table 8.6.49. Table 8.1, National Energy

Board of Canada, andU.S. Department of Energy,Fossil Fuels, Form FE-781R.

50. Table 9.1.51. Table 9.2.52. Table 9.2.

53. T54. T55. T56 T57. T58. T59. T60. T61. T62. T63. T64. T65. T66. T

h

2

67. T

EhS2

Data for “Energy Perspectives” figures and text are derived from the following Annual Energy Review 2001 tables and ot

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xxxiv Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2000
The United States at night from orbit. Source: National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administrat

agery; mosaic provided by U.S. Geological Survey.

Energy Overview

1
2 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2000
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Diagram 1. Energy Flow, 2001

(Quadrillion Btu)

Includes, in quadrillion Btu, 0.04 coal coke net impo

from fossil fuels.

Includes, in quadrillion Btu, -0.09 hydroelectric pumpe

into motor gasoline, which is accounted for in both fossil fuecounted only once in total consumption.

Notes: Data are preliminary. Totals may not eq

independent rounding.

Sources: Tables 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, and 2.1a.

jk

 

l Primary consumption, electricity retail sales, and electr

are allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to each sesales. See Note 1 at end of Electricity section.

Includes lease condensate.

Naturalgasplantliquids.Includes-0.09quadrillionBtuhydroelectricpumpedstorage.Natural gas,coal,coal coke,and electricity.

Stockchanges,losses,gains,miscellaneousblending components,and unaccounted-for

supply.

Crude oil,petroleumproducts,natural gas,electricity,and coal coke.

abcdefghi Includessupplemental gaseousfuels. Petroleumproducts,includingnaturalgasplantliquids.

Conventional hydroelectricpower,wood,waste,ethanol blended into motorgasoline,

geothermal,solar,andwind.

Consumption

96.95

Supply k

100.87

Exports

Coal 3.92

1.27

Other

2.65

g Coal 23.44

Natural Gas

19.84

Crude Oil

12.39

a

NGPL 2.54 b

Nuclear Electric Power 8.03

Renewable Energy 5.52 c

Crude Oil

and Products

24.88

Other

5.07

e

Fossil

Fuels

83.48

j

Renewable Energyc 5.68

Domestic

Production

71.67

d

Tran

Coal

21.93

Natural Gas

23.22

h

Petroleum

38.23

i

Nuclear Electric Power 8.03 Imports 29.95

Fossil

Fuels

58.21

Adjustments

0.75

f
4 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2000

1 Stock changes, losses, gains, miscellaneous blending components, and 

unaccounted-for supply.

Source: Table 1.1.

Figure 1.1 Energy Overview

Overview, 1949-2001

1949 1954 1959 1964 1969 1974 1979 1984 1989 1994 1999

0

306090

120

Quadrillion Btu (Cumulative)

Overview, 2001

Production Imports Exports Consumption

0

306090

120

71.7

29.9

3.9

96.9

Quadrillion Btu

Overview, 1949-2001

1949 1954 1959 1964 1969 1974 1979 1

0

306090

120

Quadrillion Btu 

Consumption

Net Imports

and Adjustments1

Consumption

Imports

Production

Energy Flow, 2001(Quadrillion Btu) Adjus

Imports

29.9

Expor

3.9

Consu

96

Production

71.7
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 1.1 Energy Overview, 1949-2001 (Quadrillion Btu)

Year

Production Imports Exports

Adjustments 8

C

Fossil

 Fuels 1

Nuclear

Electric

Power 2

Renewable

Energy 3 Total 4 Petroleum 5 Total 6 Coal Total 7

Fossil

Fuels 9

Nucle

Electr

Power 

1949 28.75 0 2.97 31.72 1.43 1.47 0.88 1.59 0.40 29.00 0 1950 32.56 0 2.98 35.54 1.89 1.93 0.79 1.47 -1.37 31.63 0 1951 35.79 0 2.96 38.75 1.87 1.92 1.68 2.62 -1.05 34.01 0 1952 34.98 0 2.94 37.92 2.11 2.17 1.40 2.37 -0.95 33.80 0 1953 35.35 0 2.83 38.18 2.28 2.34 0.98 1.87 -0.96 34.83 0 1954 33.76 0 2.75 36.52 2.32 2.37 0.91 1.70 -0.53 33.88 0 1955 37.36 0 2.78 40.15 2.75 2.83 1.46 2.29 -0.44 37.41 0 1956 39.77 0 2.85 42.62 3.17 3.25 1.98 2.95 -1.13 38.89 0 1957 40.13 (s) 2.85 42.98 3.46 3.57 2.17 3.45 -1.29 38.93 (s) 1958 37.22 (s) 2.92 40.13 3.72 3.92 1.42 2.06 -0.32 38.72 (s) 1959 39.05 (s) 2.90 41.95 3.91 4.11 1.05 1.54 -1.03 40.55 (s) 1960 39.87 0.01 2.93 42.80 4.00 4.23 1.02 1.48 -0.43 42.14 0.01 1961 40.31 0.02 2.95 43.28 4.19 4.46 0.98 1.38 -0.60 42.76 0.02 1962 41.73 0.03 3.12 44.88 4.56 5.01 1.08 1.48 -0.57 44.68 0.03 1963 44.04 0.04 3.10 47.17 4.65 5.10 1.36 1.85 -0.78 46.51 0.04 1964 45.79 0.04 3.23 49.06 4.96 5.49 1.34 1.84 -0.87 48.54 0.04 1965 47.23 0.04 3.40 50.68 5.40 5.92 1.38 1.85 -0.72 50.58 0.04 1966 50.04 0.06 3.43 53.53 5.63 6.18 1.35 1.85 -0.83 53.51 0.06 1967 52.60 0.09 3.69 56.38 5.56 6.19 1.35 2.15 -1.52 55.13 0.09 1968 54.31 0.14 3.78 58.23 6.21 6.93 1.38 2.03 -0.71 58.50 0.14 1969 56.29 0.15 4.10 60.54 6.90 7.71 1.53 2.15 -0.47 61.36 0.15 1970 59.19 0.24 4.08 63.50 7.47 8.39 1.94 2.66 -1.37 63.52 0.24 1971 58.04 0.41 4.27 62.72 8.54 9.58 1.55 2.18 -0.82 64.60 0.41 1972 58.94 0.58 4.40 63.92 10.30 11.46 1.53 2.14 -0.48 67.70 0.58 1973 58.24 0.91 4.43 63.58 13.47 14.73 1.43 2.05 -0.46 70.32 0.91 1974 56.33 1.27 4.77 62.37 13.13 14.41 1.62 2.22 -0.48 67.91 1.27 1975 54.73 1.90 4.72 61.36 12.95 14.11 1.76 2.36 -1.07 65.35 1.90 1976 54.72 2.11 4.77 61.60 15.67 16.84 1.60 2.19 -0.18 69.10 2.11 1977 55.10 2.70 4.25 62.05 18.76 20.09 1.44 2.07 -1.95 70.99 2.70 1978 55.07 3.02 5.04 63.14 17.82 19.25 1.08 1.93 -0.34 71.86 3.02 1979 58.01 2.78 5.17 65.95 17.93 19.62 1.75 2.87 -1.65 72.89 2.78 1980 59.01 2.74 5.49 67.24 14.66 15.97 2.42 3.72 -1.05 69.98 2.74 1981 58.53 3.01 5.47 67.01 12.64 13.97 2.94 4.33 -0.08 67.75 3.01 1982 57.46 3.13 5.99 66.57 10.78 12.09 2.79 4.63 -0.59 64.04 3.13 1983 54.42 3.20 6.49 64.11 10.65 12.03 2.04 3.72 0.90 63.29 3.20 1984 58.85 3.55 6.43 68.83 11.43 12.77 2.15 3.80 -0.82 66.62 3.55 1985 57.54 R4.08 6.03 R67.65 10.61 12.10 2.44 4.23 1.19 66.22 R4.08 

1986 56.58 R4.38 6.13 R67.09 13.20 14.44 2.25 4.06 -0.50 66.15 R4.38 

1987 57.17 R4.75 5.69 R67.61 14.16 15.76 2.09 3.85 -0.04 68.63 R4.75 1988 57.87 R5.59 5.49 R68.95 15.75 17.56 2.50 4.42 0.89 71.66 R5.59 

1989 57.47 R5.60 R6.27 R69.34 17.16 18.96 2.64 4.77 R1.40 R72.95 R5.60 

1990 58.56 R6.10 R6.10 R70.73 17.12 18.95 2.77 4.87 R-0.25 R72.35 R6.10 1991 57.83 R6.42 R6.13 R70.33 16.35 18.50 2.85 5.16 R0.97 R72.05 R6.42 

1992 57.59 R6.48 5.91 R69.93 16.97 19.58 2.68 4.96 R1.50 R73.57 R6.48 

1993 55.74 R6.41 6.16 R68.26 18.51 21.50 1.96 4.28 R2.30 R75.10 R6.41 1994 57.95 R6.69 R6.06 R70.68 19.24 22.73 1.88 4.08 R0.24 R76.62 R6.69 

1995 57.46 R7.08 R6.67 R71.17 18.88 22.57 2.32 4.54 R2.30 R77.61 R7.08 

1996 58.30 R7.09 R7.14 R72.49 20.29 24.01 2.37 R4.64 R2.66 R80.10 R7.09 1997 58.76 R6.60 R7.08 R72.39 21.74 25.51 2.19 R4.56 R1.64 R81.20 R6.60 

1998 R59.20 R7.07 R6.56 R72.79 22.91 R26.85 2.09 R4.37 R0.08 R81.65 R7.07 

1999 R57.51 R7.61 R6.58 R71.64 23.13 R27.54 1.53 R3.80 R1.58 R82.75 R7.61 2000 R57.05 R7.86 R6.20 R71.06 R24.53 R29.31 1.53 R4.09 R3.05 R85.18 R7.86 

2001P 58.21 8.03 5.52 71.67 24.88 29.95 1.27 3.92 -0.75 83.48 8.03 

1 Coal, natural gas (dry), crude oil, and natural gas plant liquids. 2 See Note 1 at end of section. 3 End-use consumption and electricity net generation. 4 Also includes hydroelectric pumped storage. 5 Crude oil and petroleum products. Includes imports into the Strategic Petroleum Reserve. 6 Also includes natural gas, coal, coal coke, and electricity. 7 Also includes natural gas, petroleum, coal coke, and electricity. 8 A balancing item. Includes stock changes, losses, gains, miscellaneous blending components, and

unaccounted-for supply.

9 Coal, coal coke net imports, natural gas, petroleum, and elec

fuels.

10 End-use consumption, electricity net generation, and electricity 

energy. 11 Alcohol (ethanol blended into motor gasoline) is included in consand "Renewable Energy," but is counted only once in total energy con

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.005 quadrillion Btu. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independeSources: Tables 1.2, 1.3, and 1.4.
6 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2000

Figure 1.2 Energy Production by Source

1 Includes lease condensate.2 Includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.3 Conventional and pumped-storage hydroelectric power.3 Natural gas plant liquids. 

By Source, 2001

Coal Natural Crude Oil Nuclear Wood and NGPL Hydro- Geothermal 0

5

1015202530

23

20

12

8

3 3 2 0

Quadrillion Btu

and Other

By Major Source, 1949-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 198

05

10152025

Quadrillion Btu

By Fossil Fuels, Nuclear Electric Power, and Renewable Energy, 1949-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

255075

Quadrillion Btu

 Solar and wind. (s)=Less than 0.5 quadrillion Btu.Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be coSource: Table 1.2.

Oil1 Electric 

Power

electricPower3

Crude Oil1

Natural Gas

Coal

Hydroelectric Power3

5

Wood and Waste2

1.2

Gas

Fossil Fuels

Renewable Energy

Nuclear Electric Power

(s)

5

4

Waste2

4
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 1.2 Energy Production by Source, 1949-2001 (Quadrillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power 3

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage 4

Renewable Energy 1

Coal 

Natural

Gas

(Dry)

Crude

Oil 2

Natural

Gas

Plant

Liquids Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power

Wood,

Waste,

Alcohol 5 Geothermal Solar Win

1949 11.974 5.377 10.683 0.714 28.748 0 6 ( ) 1.425 1.549 0 NA N

1950 14.060 6.233 11.447 0.823 32.563 0 6 ( ) 1.415 1.562 0 NA N

1951 14.419 7.416 13.037 0.920 35.792 0 6 ( ) 1.424 1.535 0 NA N1952 12.734 7.964 13.281 0.998 34.977 0 6 ( ) 1.466 1.474 0 NA N

1953 12.278 8.339 13.671 1.062 35.349 0 6 ( ) 1.413 1.419 0 NA N

1954 10.542 8.682 13.427 1.113 33.764 0 6 ( ) 1.360 1.394 0 NA N1955 12.370 9.345 14.410 1.240 37.364 0 6 ( ) 1.360 1.424 0 NA N

1956 13.306 10.002 15.180 1.283 39.771 0 6 ( ) 1.435 1.416 0 NA N

1957 13.061 10.605 15.178 1.289 40.133 (s) 6 ( ) 1.516 1.334 0 NA N1958 10.783 10.942 14.204 1.287 37.216 0.002 6 ( ) 1.592 1.323 0 NA N

1959 10.778 11.952 14.933 1.383 39.045 0.002 6 ( ) 1.548 1.353 0 NA N

1960 10.817 12.656 14.935 1.461 39.869 0.006 6 ( ) 1.608 1.320 0.001 NA N1961 10.447 13.105 15.206 1.549 40.307 0.020 6 ( ) 1.656 1.295 0.002 NA N

1962 10.901 13.717 15.522 1.593 41.732 0.026 6 ( ) 1.816 1.300 0.002 NA N

1963 11.849 14.513 15.966 1.709 44.037 0.038 6 ( ) 1.771 1.323 0.004 NA N1964 12.524 15.298 16.164 1.803 45.789 0.040 6 ( ) 1.886 1.337 0.005 NA N

1965 13.055 15.775 16.521 1.883 47.235 0.043 6 ( ) 2.059 1.335 0.004 NA N

1966 13.468 17.011 17.561 1.996 50.035 0.064 6 ( ) 2.062 1.369 0.004 NA N1967 13.825 17.943 18.651 2.177 52.597 0.088 6 ( ) 2.347 1.340 0.007 NA N

1968 13.609 19.068 19.308 2.321 54.306 0.142 6 ( ) 2.349 1.419 0.009 NA N

1969 13.863 20.446 19.556 2.420 56.286 0.154 6 ( ) 2.648 1.440 0.013 NA N1970 14.607 21.666 20.401 2.512 59.186 0.239 6 ( ) 2.634 1.431 0.011 NA N

1971 13.186 22.280 20.033 2.544 58.042 0.413 6 ( ) 2.824 1.432 0.012 NA N

1972 14.092 22.208 20.041 2.598 58.938 0.584 6 ( ) 2.864 1.503 0.031 NA N1973 13.992 22.187 19.493 2.569 58.241 0.910 6 ( ) 2.861 1.529 0.043 NA N

1974 14.074 21.210 18.575 2.471 56.331 1.272 6 ( ) 3.177 1.540 0.053 NA N

1975 14.989 19.640 17.729 2.374 54.733 1.900 6 ( ) 3.155 1.499 0.070 NA N1976 15.654 19.480 17.262 2.327 54.723 2.111 6 ( ) 2.976 1.713 0.078 NA N

1977 15.755 19.565 17.454 2.327 55.101 2.702 6 ( ) 2.333 1.838 0.077 NA N

1978 14.910 19.485 18.434 2.245 55.074 3.024 6 ( ) 2.937 2.038 0.064 NA N1979 17.540 20.076 18.104 2.286 58.006 2.776 6 ( ) 2.931 2.152 0.084 NA N

1980 18.598 19.908 18.249 2.254 59.008 2.739 6 ( ) 2.900 2.485 0.110 NA N

1981 18.377 19.699 18.146 2.307 58.529 3.008 6 ( ) 2.758 2.590 0.123 NA N1982 18.639 18.319 18.309 2.191 57.458 3.131 6 ( ) 3.266 2.615 0.105 NA N

1983 17.247 16.593 18.392 2.184 54.416 3.203 6 ( ) 3.527 2.831 0.129 NA (s

1984 19.719 18.008 18.848 2.274 58.849 3.553 6 ( ) 3.386 2.880 0.165 (s) (s1985 19.325 16.980 18.992 2.241 57.539 R4.076 6 ( ) 2.970 2.864 0.198 (s) (s

1986 19.509 16.541 18.376 2.149 56.575 R4.380 6 ( ) 3.071 2.841 0.219 (s) (s

1987 20.141 17.136 17.675 2.215 57.167 R4.754 6 ( ) 2.635 2.823 0.229 (s) (s1988 20.738 17.599 17.279 2.260 57.875 R5.587 6 ( ) 2.334 2.937 0.217 (s) (s

1989 21.346 17.847 16.117 2.158 57.468 R5.602 6 ( ) R2.828 R3.062 R0.306 R0.055 R0.0

1990 22.456 18.362 15.571 2.175 58.564 R6.104 -0.036 R3.030 R2.661 R0.325 R0.060 R0.01991 21.594 18.229 15.701 2.306 57.829 R6.422 -0.047 R3.001 R2.702 R0.336 R0.063 R0.0

1992 21.629 18.375 15.223 2.363 57.590 R6.479 -0.043 2.617 R2.847 R0.349 R0.064 0.0

1993 20.249 18.584 14.494 2.408 55.736 R6.410 -0.042 2.892 R2.804 R0.364 R0.066 0.01994 22.111 19.348 14.103 2.391 57.952 R6.694 -0.035 R2.683 R2.939 R0.338 R0.069 0.0

1995 22.029 19.101 13.887 2.442 57.458 R7.075 -0.028 R3.205 R3.068 R0.294 R0.070 0.0

1996 22.684 19.363 13.723 2.530 58.299 R7.087 -0.032 R3.590 R3.127 R0.316 R0.071 R0.01997 23.211 19.394 13.658 2.495 58.758 R6.597 R-0.041 R3.640 R3.006 R0.325 R0.070 R0.0

1998 23.935 R19.613 13.235 2.420 R59.204 R7.068 -0.046 R3.297 R2.835 R0.328 R0.070 0.0

1999 23.186 R19.341 12.451 2.528 R57.505 R7.610 R-0.062 R3.268 R2.872 R0.331 R0.069 0.02000 R22.623 R19.461 R12.358 R2.611 R57.054 R7.862 R-0.057 R2.811 R2.948 R0.317 R0.066 R0.0

2001P 23.441 19.839 12.390 2.541 58.211 8.028 -0.090 2.219 2.869 0.313 0.064 0.0

1 End-use consumption and electricity net generation. 2 Includes lease condensate. 3 See Note 1 at end of section. 4 Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping. 5 Alcohol is ethanol blended into motor gasoline.

6 Included in conventional hydroelectric power.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.00Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independeSources: Tables 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 8.2a, 10.2a, 10.2b, and A2-A6.
8 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2000

Figure 1.3 Energy Consumption by Source

1 Conventional and pumped-storage hydroelectric power.(s)=Less than 0.5 quadrillion Btu.

By Source, 2001

Petroleum Natural Coal Nuclear Wood, Hydro- Geothermal,

0

1020304050

38

23 22

8

3 2 0

Quadrillion Btu

Production and Consumption, 1949-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

255075

100

Quadrillion Btu

By Major Source, 1949-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 

0

10203040

Quadrillion Btu

Consumption

Production

Electric

Power

Solar,

Wind

electric

 Power1

Petroleum

Natural G

Nu

Hydroelectric Power1

Coal

Gas

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Sources: Tables 1.2 and 1.3.

(s) Wood, W

Waste,

 Alcohol
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 1.3 Energy Consumption by Source, 1949-2001 (Quadrillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage 5

Renewable Energy 1

Coal 

Coal Coke

Net

Imports

Natural

Gas 2 Petroleum 3

Electricity

Net

Imports 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power 6

Wood,

Waste,

Alcohol 7 Geothermal 8 Solar W

1949 11.981 -0.007 5.145 11.883 9 ( ) 29.002 0 9 ( ) 1.449 1.549 NA NA 

1950 12.347 0.001 5.968 13.315 9 ( ) 31.632 0 9 ( ) 1.440 1.562 NA NA 

1951 12.553 -0.021 7.049 14.428 9 ( ) 34.008 0 9 ( ) 1.454 1.535 NA NA 1952 11.306 -0.012 7.550 14.956 9 ( ) 33.800 0 9 ( ) 1.496 1.474 NA NA 

1953 11.373 -0.009 7.907 15.556 9 ( ) 34.826 0 9 ( ) 1.439 1.419 NA NA 

1954 9.715 -0.007 8.330 15.839 9 ( ) 33.877 0 9 ( ) 1.388 1.394 NA NA 1955 11.167 -0.010 8.998 17.255 9 ( ) 37.410 0 9 ( ) 1.407 1.424 NA NA 

1956 11.350 -0.013 9.614 17.937 9 ( ) 38.888 0 9 ( ) 1.487 1.416 NA NA 

1957 10.821 -0.017 10.191 17.932 9 ( ) 38.926 (s) 9 ( ) 1.557 1.334 NA NA 1958 9.533 -0.007 10.663 18.527 9 ( ) 38.717 0.002 9 ( ) 1.629 1.323 NA NA 

1959 9.518 -0.008 11.717 19.323 9 ( ) 40.550 0.002 9 ( ) 1.587 1.353 NA NA 

1960 9.838 -0.006 12.385 19.919 9 ( ) 42.137 0.006 9 ( ) 1.657 1.320 0.001 NA 1961 9.623 -0.008 12.926 20.216 9 ( ) 42.758 0.020 9 ( ) 1.680 1.295 0.002 NA 

1962 9.906 -0.006 13.731 21.049 9 ( ) 44.681 0.026 9 ( ) 1.822 1.300 0.002 NA 

1963 10.413 -0.007 14.403 21.701 9 ( ) 46.509 0.038 9 ( ) 1.772 1.323 0.004 NA 1964 10.964 -0.010 15.288 22.301 9 ( ) 48.543 0.040 9 ( ) 1.907 1.337 0.005 NA 

1965 11.581 -0.018 15.769 23.246 9 ( ) 50.577 0.043 9 ( ) 2.058 1.335 0.004 NA 

1966 12.143 -0.025 16.995 24.401 9 ( ) 53.514 0.064 9 ( ) 2.073 1.369 0.004 NA 1967 11.914 -0.015 17.945 25.284 9 ( ) 55.127 0.088 9 ( ) 2.344 1.340 0.007 NA 

1968 12.331 -0.017 19.210 26.979 9 ( ) 58.502 0.142 9 ( ) 2.342 1.419 0.009 NA 

1969 12.382 -0.036 20.678 28.338 9 ( ) 61.362 0.154 9 ( ) 2.659 1.440 0.013 NA 1970 12.265 -0.058 21.795 29.521 9 ( ) 63.522 0.239 9 ( ) 2.654 1.431 0.011 NA 

1971 11.598 -0.033 22.469 30.561 9 ( ) 64.596 0.413 9 ( ) 2.861 1.432 0.012 NA 

1972 12.077 -0.026 22.698 32.947 9 ( ) 67.696 0.584 9 ( ) 2.944 1.503 0.031 NA 1973 12.971 -0.007 22.512 34.840 9 ( ) 70.316 0.910 9 ( ) 3.010 1.529 0.043 NA 

1974 12.663 0.056 21.732 33.455 9 ( ) 67.906 1.272 9 ( ) 3.309 1.540 0.053 NA 

1975 12.663 0.014 19.948 32.731 9 ( ) 65.355 1.900 9 ( ) 3.219 1.499 0.070 NA 1976 13.584 (s) 20.345 35.175 9 ( ) 69.104 2.111 9 ( ) 3.066 1.713 0.078 NA 

1977 13.922 0.015 19.931 37.122 9 ( ) 70.989 2.702 9 ( ) 2.515 1.838 0.077 NA 

1978 13.766 0.125 20.000 37.965 9 ( ) 71.856 3.024 9 ( ) 3.141 2.038 0.064 NA 1979 15.040 0.063 20.666 37.123 9 ( ) 72.892 2.776 9 ( ) 3.141 2.152 0.084 NA 

1980 15.423 -0.035 20.394 34.202 9 ( ) 69.984 2.739 9 ( ) 3.118 2.485 0.110 NA 

1981 15.908 -0.016 19.928 31.931 9 ( ) 67.750 3.008 9 ( ) 3.105 2.590 0.123 NA 1982 15.322 -0.022 18.505 30.232 9 ( ) 64.037 3.131 9 ( ) 3.572 2.615 0.105 NA 

1983 15.894 -0.016 17.357 30.054 9 ( ) 63.290 3.203 9 ( ) 3.899 2.831 0.129 NA 

1984 17.071 -0.011 18.507 31.051 9 ( ) 66.617 3.553 9 ( ) 3.800 2.880 0.165 (s) 1985 17.478 -0.013 17.834 30.922 9 ( ) 66.221 R4.076 9 ( ) 3.398 2.864 0.198 (s) 

1986 17.260 -0.017 16.708 32.196 9 ( ) 66.148 R4.380 9 ( ) 3.446 2.841 0.219 (s) 

1987 18.008 0.009 17.744 32.865 9 ( ) 68.626 R4.754 9 ( ) 3.117 2.823 0.229 (s) 1988 18.846 0.040 18.552 34.222 9 ( ) 71.660 R5.587 9 ( ) 2.662 2.937 0.217 (s) 

1989 R19.051 0.030 R19.712 34.211 -0.050 R72.954 R5.602 9 ( ) R2.987 R3.062 R0.317 R0.055 R0

1990 R19.156 0.005 R19.718 33.553 -0.080 R72.352 R6.104 -0.036 R3.128 R2.661 R0.337 R0.060 R01991 R18.992 0.010 R20.149 32.845 0.059 R72.055 R6.422 -0.047 R3.139 R2.702 R0.351 R0.063 R0

1992 R19.122 0.035 R20.835 33.527 0.053 R73.572 R6.479 -0.043 2.818 R2.847 R0.368 R0.064 0

1993 R19.835 0.027 R21.351 33.841 0.050 R75.105 R6.410 -0.042 3.119 R2.804 R0.382 R0.066 01994 R19.909 0.058 R21.842 34.670 0.140 R76.619 R6.694 -0.035 2.993 R2.939 R0.366 R0.069 0

1995 R20.089 0.061 R22.784 34.553 0.121 R77.608 R7.075 -0.028 R3.480 R3.068 R0.312 R0.070 0

1996 R21.002 R0.035 R23.196 35.757 0.109 R80.100 R7.087 -0.032 R3.889 R3.127 R0.329 R0.071 R01997 R21.445 R0.057 R23.327 36.266 R0.107 R81.203 R6.597 R-0.041 R3.881 R3.006 R0.325 R0.070 R0

1998 R21.656 R0.080 R22.934 36.934 R0.047 R81.650 R7.068 -0.046 R3.518 R2.835 R0.329 R0.070 0

1999 R21.623 R0.070 R23.008 37.960 R0.091 R82.751 R7.610 R-0.062 R3.472 R2.872 R0.332 R0.069 02000 R22.580 R0.077 R24.042 R38.404 R0.082 R85.184 R7.862 R-0.057 R3.077 R2.948 R0.317 R0.066 R0

2001P 21.928 0.043 23.224 38.232 0.049 83.476 8.028 -0.090 2.376 2.869 0.315 0.064 0

1 End-use consumption, electricity net generation, and net imports of electricity from renewable energy. 2 Includes supplemental gaseous fuels. 3 Petroleum products supplied, including natural gas plant liquids and crude oil burned as fuel. 4 Electricity net imports from fossil fuels. May include some nuclear-generated electricity. 5 Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping. 6 Through 1988, includes all electricity net imports. From 1989, includes only electricity net imports

derived from hydroelectric power. 7 Alcohol (ethanol blended into motor gasoline) is included in both "Petroleum" and "Alcohol," but is

counted only once in total energy consumption. 8 From 1989, includes electricity imports from Mexico that are der

9 Included in conventional hydroelectric power.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less tha

quadrillion Btu.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independeSources: Tables 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 7.7, 8.1, 8.2a, 10.1, and A2-A6. 
10 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2000

Figure 1.4 Energy Imports, Exports, and Net Imports, 1949-2001

Source: Table 1.4.

Energy Net Imports

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

-5

05

1015202530

Quadrillion Btu

Energy Imports

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

05

1015202530

Quadrillion BtuTotal Petroleum

Energy Exports

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 

0246

Quadrillion Btu Total

Coal

+

+

+

+

 Notes: Negative net imports are net exports. Because vertical scales differ, 

graphs should not be compared.

+

+ Quadrillion Btu
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 1.4 Energy Imports, Exports, and Net Imports, 1949-2001 (Quadrillion Btu)

Year

Imports Exports Ne

Coal

Natural

Gas Petroleum 1 Other 2 Total Coal

Natural

Gas Petroleum Other 2 Total Coal

Natural

Gas Pe

1949 0.01 0.00 1.43 0.03 1.47 0.88 0.02 0.68 0.02 1.59 -0.87 -0.02 1950 0.01 0.00 1.89 0.04 1.93 0.79 0.03 0.64 0.01 1.47 -0.78 -0.03 1951 0.01 0.00 1.87 0.04 1.92 1.68 0.03 0.89 0.03 2.62 -1.67 -0.03 1952 0.01 0.01 2.11 0.04 2.17 1.40 0.03 0.91 0.02 2.37 -1.40 -0.02 1953 0.01 0.01 2.28 0.04 2.34 0.98 0.03 0.84 0.02 1.87 -0.97 -0.02 1954 0.01 0.01 2.32 0.04 2.37 0.91 0.03 0.75 0.01 1.70 -0.91 -0.02 1955 0.01 0.01 2.75 0.06 2.83 1.46 0.03 0.77 0.02 2.29 -1.46 -0.02 1956 0.01 0.01 3.17 0.06 3.25 1.98 0.04 0.91 0.02 2.95 -1.98 -0.03 1957 0.01 0.04 3.46 0.06 3.57 2.17 0.04 1.20 0.03 3.45 -2.16 (s) 1958 0.01 0.14 3.72 0.05 3.92 1.42 0.04 0.58 0.02 2.06 -1.41 0.10 1959 0.01 0.14 3.91 0.05 4.11 1.05 0.02 0.45 0.02 1.54 -1.04 0.12 1960 0.01 0.16 4.00 0.06 4.23 1.02 0.01 0.43 0.02 1.48 -1.02 0.15 1961 (s) 0.23 4.19 0.04 4.46 0.98 0.01 0.37 0.02 1.38 -0.98 0.22 1962 0.01 0.42 4.56 0.03 5.01 1.08 0.02 0.36 0.03 1.48 -1.08 0.40 1963 0.01 0.42 4.65 0.03 5.10 1.36 0.02 0.44 0.03 1.85 -1.35 0.40 1964 0.01 0.46 4.96 0.07 5.49 1.34 0.02 0.43 0.06 1.84 -1.33 0.44 1965 (s) 0.47 5.40 0.04 5.92 1.38 0.03 0.39 0.06 1.85 -1.37 0.44 1966 (s) 0.50 5.63 0.05 6.18 1.35 0.03 0.41 0.06 1.85 -1.35 0.47 1967 0.01 0.58 5.56 0.04 6.19 1.35 0.08 0.65 0.06 2.15 -1.35 0.50 1968 0.01 0.67 6.21 0.04 6.93 1.38 0.10 0.49 0.06 2.03 -1.37 0.58 1969 (s) 0.75 6.90 0.06 7.71 1.53 0.05 0.49 0.08 2.15 -1.53 0.70 1970 (s) 0.85 7.47 0.07 8.39 1.94 0.07 0.55 0.11 2.66 -1.93 0.77 1971 (s) 0.96 8.54 0.08 9.58 1.55 0.08 0.47 0.07 2.18 -1.54 0.88 1972 (s) 1.05 10.30 0.11 11.46 1.53 0.08 0.47 0.06 2.14 -1.53 0.97 1973 (s) 1.06 13.47 0.20 14.73 1.43 0.08 0.49 0.06 2.05 -1.42 0.98 1974 0.05 0.99 13.13 0.25 14.41 1.62 0.08 0.46 0.06 2.22 -1.57 0.91 1975 0.02 0.98 12.95 0.16 14.11 1.76 0.07 0.44 0.08 2.36 -1.74 0.90 1976 0.03 0.99 15.67 0.15 16.84 1.60 0.07 0.47 0.06 2.19 -1.57 0.92 1977 0.04 1.04 18.76 0.26 20.09 1.44 0.06 0.51 0.06 2.07 -1.40 0.98 1978 0.07 0.99 17.82 0.36 19.25 1.08 0.05 0.77 0.03 1.93 -1.00 0.94 1979 0.05 1.30 17.93 0.33 19.62 1.75 0.06 1.00 0.06 2.87 -1.70 1.24 1980 0.03 1.01 14.66 0.28 15.97 2.42 0.05 1.16 0.09 3.72 -2.39 0.96 1981 0.03 0.92 12.64 0.39 13.97 2.94 0.06 1.26 0.06 4.33 -2.92 0.86 1982 0.02 0.95 10.78 0.35 12.09 2.79 0.05 1.73 0.06 4.63 -2.77 0.90 1983 0.03 0.94 10.65 0.41 12.03 2.04 0.06 1.57 0.05 3.72 -2.01 0.89 1984 0.03 0.85 11.43 0.46 12.77 2.15 0.06 1.54 0.05 3.80 -2.12 0.79 1985 0.05 0.95 10.61 0.49 12.10 2.44 0.06 1.66 0.08 4.23 -2.39 0.90 1986 0.06 0.75 13.20 0.43 14.44 2.25 0.06 1.67 0.08 4.06 -2.19 0.69 1987 0.04 0.99 14.16 0.57 15.76 2.09 0.05 1.63 0.08 3.85 -2.05 0.94 1988 0.05 1.30 15.75 0.47 17.56 2.50 0.07 1.74 0.10 4.42 -2.45 1.22 1989 0.07 1.39 17.16 0.34 18.96 2.64 0.11 1.84 0.18 4.77 -2.57 1.28 1990 0.07 1.55 17.12 0.22 18.95 2.77 0.09 1.82 0.18 4.87 -2.70 1.46 1991 0.08 1.80 16.35 0.27 18.50 2.85 0.13 2.13 0.04 5.16 -2.77 1.67 1992 0.10 2.16 16.97 0.35 19.58 2.68 0.22 2.01 0.05 4.96 -2.59 1.94 1993 0.20 2.40 18.51 0.39 21.50 1.96 0.14 2.12 0.06 4.28 -1.76 2.25 1994 0.22 2.68 19.24 0.58 22.73 1.88 0.16 1.99 0.05 4.08 -1.66 2.52 1995 0.24 2.90 18.88 0.55 22.57 2.32 0.16 1.99 0.07 4.54 -2.08 2.74 1996 0.20 3.00 20.29 0.52 24.01 2.37 0.16 2.06 R0.06 R4.64 -2.17 2.85 1997 0.19 3.06 21.74 0.52 25.51 2.19 0.16 2.10 R0.11 R4.56 -2.01 2.90 

1998 0.22 3.22 22.91 0.50 R26.85 2.09 0.16 1.97 R0.15 R4.37 -1.87 3.06 

1999 0.23 3.66 23.13 0.52 R27.54 1.53 0.16 1.95 R0.15 R3.80 -1.30 3.50 2000 0.31 R3.87 R24.53 R0.59 R29.31 1.53 R0.25 2.15 R0.17 R4.09 -1.21 R3.62 

2001P 0.49 4.12 24.88 0.45 29.95 1.27 0.40 2.06 0.20 3.92 -0.77 3.72 

1 Includes imports into the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977. 2 Coal coke and small amounts of electricity transmitted across U.S. borders with Canada and Mexico.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.005 quadrillion Btu and greater than -0.005 quadrillion Btu. Notes: Includes trade between the United States (50 States and the District of Columbia) and its

territories and possessions. Totals or net import items may nindependent rounding.

Sources: Tables 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 7.7, 8.1, 10.2b, and A2-A6.
12 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 1.5 Energy Consumption and Expenditures Indicators

1 Thousand Btu.

Energy Consumption, 1949-2001

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

255075

100

Quadrillion Btu

Energy Consumption per Gross Domestic Product, 

1950 1960 197

05

10152025

MBtu1 per Chained (1996) Dollar

Energy Consumption per Person, 1949-2001

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

100200300400500

Million Btu

Source: Table 1.5.

Energy Expenditures, 1970-1999

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995

0

200400600

Billion Nominal Dollars

Energy Expenditures as Gross Domestic Produc

1970 1975 1980 

05

1015

Percent

Energy Expenditures per Person, 1970-1999

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995

0

500

1,0001,5002,0002,500

Nominal Dollars
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 1.5 Energy Consumption and Expenditures Indicators, 1949-2001

Year

Energy

Consumption

Energy

Consumption

per Person

Energy

Expenditures

Energy

Expenditures

per Person

Gross

Domestic

Product (GDP)

Energy

Expenditures

as Share of GDP

Gros

Domes

Product (

Quadrillion Btu Million Btu

Million 

Nominal

Dollars

Nominal

Dollars

Billion

Nominal

Dollars Percent

Billio

Chain

(1996) Do

1949 32.00 215 NA NA 267.7 NA 1,5501950 34.63 229 NA NA 294.3 NA 1,6861951 37.00 240 NA NA 339.5 NA 1,8151952 36.77 235 NA NA 358.6 NA 1,8871953 37.68 237 NA NA 379.9 NA 1,9731954 36.66 226 NA NA 381.1 NA 1,9601955 40.24 244 NA NA 415.2 NA 2,0991956 41.79 249 NA NA 438.0 NA 2,1411957 41.82 244 NA NA 461.5 NA 2,1831958 41.67 239 NA NA 467.9 NA 2,1621959 43.49 246 NA NA 507.4 NA 2,3191960 45.12 252 NA NA 527.4 NA 2,3761961 45.76 250 NA NA 545.7 NA 2,4321962 47.83 258 NA NA 586.5 NA 2,5781963 49.65 263 NA NA 618.7 NA 2,6901964 51.83 271 NA NA 664.4 NA 2,8461965 54.02 279 NA NA 720.1 NA 3,0281966 57.02 292 NA NA 789.3 NA 3,2271967 58.91 298 NA NA 834.1 NA 3,3081968 62.41 313 NA NA 911.5 NA 3,4661969 65.63 326 NA NA 985.3 NA 3,5711970 67.86 334 82,862 408 1,039.7 8.0 3,5781971 69.31 335 90,032 435 1,128.6 8.0 3,6971972 72.76 348 98,084 469 1,240.4 7.9 3,8981973 75.81 359 111,918 530 1,385.5 8.1 4,1231974 74.08 347 153,377 719 1,501.0 10.2 4,0991975 72.04 334 171,828 797 1,635.2 10.5 4,0841976 76.07 350 193,880 891 1,823.9 10.6 4,3111977 78.12 355 220,423 1,003 2,031.4 10.9 4,5111978 80.12 361 239,219 1,077 2,295.9 10.4 4,7601979 81.04 361 297,563 1,325 2,566.4 11.6 4,9121980 78.44 346 R374,360 1,652 2,795.6 13.4 4,9001981 76.57 334 427,769 1,864 3,131.3 13.7 5,0211982 73.44 317 426,187 1,840 3,259.2 13.1 4,9191983 73.32 314 R417,111 1,784 3,534.9 11.8 5,1321984 76.97 326 R434,450 1,842 3,932.7 11.0 5,5051985 R76.70 R322 R437,321 1,838 4,213.0 10.4 5,717

1986 R76.97 321 R382,789 1,594 4,452.9 8.6 5,912

1987 R79.48 R328 R395,770 1,633 4,742.5 8.3 6,1131988 R82.99 R339 R409,608 1,675 5,108.3 8.0 6,368

1989 R84.93 R344 R436,582 R1,769 5,489.1 8.0 6,591

1990 R84.57 R340 R471,940 1,897 5,803.2 8.1 6,7071991 R84.64 R335 R469,656 R1,856 5,986.2 7.8 6,676

1992 R86.05 335 R474,717 R1,851 6,318.9 7.5 6,880

1993 R87.78 R338 R492,156 R1,894 6,642.3 7.4 7,0621994 R89.57 R340 R505,771 R1,922 7,054.3 7.2 7,347

1995 R91.50 R344 R515,358 R1,935 7,400.5 7.0 7,543

1996 R94.52 R351 R561,803 R2,085 7,813.2 7.2 7,8131997 R94.97 R348 R568,242 R2,084 8,318.4 6.8 8,159

1998 R95.34 R346 526,224 1,908 R8,781.5 6.0 R8,508

1999 R96.97 R348 558,742 2,002 R9,268.6 6.0 R8,8562000 R99.32 R353 NA NA R9,872.9 NA R9,224

2001P 96.95 340 NA NA 10,208.1 NA 9,333

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Note: See "Chained Dollars" in the Glossary. 

Sources: Energy Consumption: Table 1.3. Energy Expend

Product: Table E1. Population Data: Table E1. Other Columns
14 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Consumption per Person

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 4

0.00.20.40.60.81.01.2

Ranked by State and U.S. Average

Billion Btu

Consumption

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 

02468

1012

Ranked by State

Quadrillion Btu

Figure 1.6 State-Level Energy Consumption and Consumption per Person, 1999

Source: Table 1.6.

US

OH NY

PA LA IL

TX

CA

FL

MI

GA NJ NC WA IN VA TN AL KY WI MO MN MA SC MD OK MS CO OR KS AK AZ AR IA CT WV UT NM NV NE ME ID WY MT ND 

AK

LA

WY

ND TX

MT KY IN AL ME ID OK WV KS MS AR IA WASC OH TN DE NE MN NV GA WI NM OR MI DC SD UT MO IL NC NJ PA VA CO NH VT MD R
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 1.6 State-Level Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, 1999

Rank

Consumption Consumption per Person Expenditures Expenditures per Person 

State Trillion Btu State Million Btu State Million Dollars State Dollars 

 1 Texas 11,501.0 Alaska 1,121.5 California 56,007 Wyoming 3,861 D 2 California 8,375.4 Wyoming 879.4 Texas 54,085 Alaska 3,294 H 3 Ohio 4,323.4 Louisiana 826.9 New York 31,999 Louisiana 3,073 C 4 New York 4,283.0 North Dakota 577.1 Ohio 25,330 North Dakota 2,703 V 5 Illinois 3,882.6 Texas 573.8 Florida 25,295 Texas 2,698 A 6 Florida 3,852.9 Arkansas 471.8 Illinois 23,932 District of Columbia 2,526 N 7 Pennsylvania 3,715.5 Montana 467.1 Pennsylvania 23,152 Indiana 2,385 M 8 Louisiana 3,615.4 Kentucky 462.1 Michigan 19,786 Maine 2,384 F 9 Michigan 3,239.6 Indiana 460.3 New Jersey 17,716 Arkansas 2,348 M 10 Georgia 2,798.1 Alabama 458.8 North Carolina 15,678 Montana 2,327 N 11 Indiana 2,735.8 Mississippi 436.5 Georgia 15,524 Iowa 2,311 N 12 New Jersey 2,588.7 Maine 421.9 Indiana 14,174 Alabama 2,306 N 13 North Carolina 2,446.9 Idaho 414.1 Louisiana 13,436 Kentucky 2,300 D 14 Washington 2,240.8 Oklahoma 410.2 Virginia 13,248 Delaware 2,292 C 15 Virginia 2,227.3 West Virginia 407.0 Massachusetts 12,022 Kansas 2,273 N 16 Tennessee 2,070.5 Kansas 395.6 Tennessee 11,724 Vermont 2,263 S 17 Alabama 2,004.8 Iowa 390.9 Missouri 11,344 Ohio 2,250 N 18 Kentucky 1,830.2 Washington 389.3 Washington 10,702 Mississippi 2,200 M 19 Wisconsin 1,810.5 South Carolina 384.2 Wisconsin 10,551 New Hampshire 2,190 V 20 Missouri 1,768.0 Ohio 384.1 Alabama 10,076 Nevada 2,187 P 21 Minnesota 1,675.3 Tennessee 377.6 Maryland 9,885 New Jersey 2,175 O 22 Massachusetts 1,569.1 Delaware 370.0 Minnesota 9,674 Connecticut 2,167 T 23 South Carolina 1,493.0 New Mexico 365.0 Kentucky 9,110 Nebraska 2,144 C 24 Maryland 1,378.2 Nebraska 361.3 Arizona 9,012 South Carolina 2,139 Il 25 Oklahoma 1,377.5 Georgia 359.3 South Carolina 8,313 Tennessee 2,138 S 26 Arizona 1,219.8 Minnesota 350.8 Oklahoma 7,160 Oklahoma 2,132 M 27 Mississippi 1,208.5 Wisconsin 344.8 Connecticut 7,111 West Virginia 2,078 O 28 Arkansas 1,203.7 Nevada 340.1 Colorado 7,002 Missouri 2,074 K 29 Colorado 1,155.5 Oregon 334.5 Iowa 6,631 South Dakota 2,074 R 30 Iowa 1,121.7 Michigan 328.4 Oregon 6,530 Idaho 2,055 G 31 Oregon 1,109.2 District of Columbia 327.1 Mississippi 6,091 North Carolina 2,049 M 32 Kansas 1,050.0 South Dakota 326.0 Kansas 6,033 Minnesota 2,026 M 33 Connecticut 839.3 Utah 325.8 Arkansas 5,990 Wisconsin 2,009 W 34 West Virginia 735.4 Virginia 324.1 Nevada 3,956 Michigan 2,006 N 35 Alaska 694.7 Missouri 323.3 West Virginia 3,754 Rhode Island 1,999 M 36 Utah 693.9 Illinois 320.1 Utah 3,669 Georgia 1,993 Io 37 New Mexico 635.0 North Carolina 319.8 Nebraska 3,571 New Mexico 1,983 O 38 Nevada 615.3 New Jersey 317.9 New Mexico 3,450 Illinois 1,973 A 39 Nebraska 602.0 Pennsylvania 309.8 Maine 2,987 Oregon 1,969 M 40 Maine 528.6 Colorado 284.9 New Hampshire 2,631 Massachusetts 1,947 Id 41 Idaho 518.3 New Hampshire 279.2 Idaho 2,572 Pennsylvania 1,930 W 42 Wyoming 421.8 Vermont 277.9 Hawaii 2,144 Virginia 1,928 K 43 Montana 412.4 Maryland 266.5 Montana 2,055 Maryland 1,911 U 44 North Dakota 365.7 Rhode Island 263.5 Alaska 2,040 Arizona 1,886 A 45 New Hampshire 335.4 Connecticut 255.7 Rhode Island 1,981 Washington 1,859 W 46 Delaware 278.8 Arizona 255.3 Wyoming 1,852 Hawaii 1,809 In 47 Rhode Island 261.1 Florida 255.0 Delaware 1,727 New York 1,758 T 48 Hawaii 241.4 Massachusetts 254.1 North Dakota 1,713 Colorado 1,726 W 49 South Dakota 239.0 California 252.7 South Dakota 1,521 Utah 1,723 N 50 District of Columbia 169.8 New York 235.4 Vermont 1,344 California 1,690 A 51 Vermont 165.0 Hawaii 203.7 District of Columbia 1,311 Florida 1,674 L

 United States 195,682.4 United States 350.9 United States 2558,742 United States 2,049 U

1 Includes 57.7 trillion Btu of coal coke net imports, which are not allocated to the States. Does not

include 1,042 trillion Btu of coal consumed by nonutility wholesale power producers and cogenerationplants and not reported in the end-use sectors. 2 Includes $140 million for coal coke net imports, which are not allocated to the States.

Note: Rankings based on unrounded data.Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/_states.html.

Sources: Consumption: Energy Information Administration (

Consumption Estimates (May 2001), Tables 9 and 10. ExpendPrice and Expenditure Report 1999 (November 2001), Table 1. Boby end-use sector and type of energy. Consumption estimates are and expenditures estimates are annual 1970 through 1999. 
16 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2000

1 Based on calculations of data from 1961 through 1990. Source: Table 1.7.

October November December January February March 

0

200400600800

1,0001,200

Heating Degree-Days

1977

Figure 1.7 Heating Degree-Days by Month, 1949-2002

1976

2001

1956

1989

1978

1990

1954

1960

1976

2001-02 Heating SeasonHeating Season 30-Year Normals1

 Record High and Low Years

1963

2000
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 1.7 Heating Degree-Days by Month, 1949-2002

Year January February March April May June July August September October Novem

 1949 858 701 611 330 128 21 7 9 94 209 503  1950 761 721 693 412 162 40 11 18 85 196 565  1951 863 724 632 359 135 45 8 17 74 231 645  1952 807 677 670 315 154 32 5 11 54 324 540  1953 754 667 557 378 142 33 5 11 51 208 492  1954 886 577 646 261 192 32 8 18 56 224 523  1955 927 759 600 272 121 48 9 6 56 237 600  1956 900 723 648 387 157 27 10 14 82 215 541  1957 977 628 610 308 148 23 6 16 61 315 536  1958 909 866 690 324 143 54 7 8 60 250 484  1959 944 762 619 305 112 26 4 6 48 249 594  1960 884 780 831 278 160 33 7 11 48 254 502  1961 982 670 565 413 199 29 5 7 48 238 532  1962 976 747 689 337 118 35 14 13 91 234 554  1963 1,061 841 562 325 163 35 8 18 76 162 471  1964 871 803 636 339 124 39 5 22 72 301 489  1965 907 780 738 355 114 48 11 14 78 271 494  1966 1,010 790 580 377 188 30 6 14 81 298 496  1967 816 820 600 352 229 34 8 17 82 270 588  1968 979 832 567 309 192 35 6 14 59 240 548  1969 939 778 735 307 134 47 7 9 60 296 564  1970 1,063 758 685 344 120 31 4 9 55 253 541  1971 976 760 681 375 194 29 10 12 47 187 553  1972 890 785 608 377 137 49 7 12 65 330 613  1973 893 772 504 356 182 22 6 9 61 212 497  1974 838 754 556 310 171 42 6 13 94 303 524  1975 821 742 686 449 117 37 5 13 100 235 462  1976 974 609 544 309 178 28 8 19 81 367 668  1977 1,188 751 529 270 119 38 6 13 59 295 493  1978 1,061 958 677 350 157 31 7 11 59 283 517  1979 1,079 950 575 364 148 37 6 15 58 271 528  1980 887 831 680 338 142 49 5 10 54 316 564  1981 984 689 620 260 165 25 6 11 76 327 504  1982 1,067 776 620 408 114 62 7 19 75 264 515  1983 874 706 588 421 189 35 6 5 53 251 509  1984 1,000 645 704 371 172 28 7 7 88 223 565  1985 1,057 807 557 260 123 47 5 17 69 243 506  1986 859 734 542 295 123 30 9 18 76 258 558  1987 920 714 573 309 107 20 8 13 61 345 491  1988 1,004 778 594 344 134 30 3 5 72 352 506  1989 789 832 603 344 163 32 5 14 73 259 542  1990 728 655 535 321 184 29 6 10 56 246 457  1991 921 639 564 287 98 30 6 7 69 242 586  1992 852 644 603 345 152 46 14 24 74 301 564  1993 860 827 664 368 128 38 11 9 89 302 580  1994 1,031 813 594 293 174 21 6 16 65 268 479  1995 847 750 556 375 174 31 4 7 77 233 605  1996 945 748 713 360 165 27 8 9 72 276 630  1997 932 672 552 406 198 31 7 16 63 273 592  1998 765 623 596 331 109 41 4 5 33 245 482  1999 861 647 645 319 139 31 5 12 62 275 413  2000 R886 R643 R494 R341 R115 R29 R12 R12 R69 R244 R610 

 2001P 915 R720 658 310 113 29 6 4 76 264 402 

 2002P 770 674 623 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Normals1 948 768 611 339 150 36 7 13 69 271 528 

1 Based on calculations of data from 1961 through 1990.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Notes: This table excludes Alaska and Hawaii. Degree-days are relative measurements of outdoor

air temperature. Heating degree-days are deviations below the mean daily temperature of 65 F. For

example, a weather station recording a mean daily temperature of 40 F would report 25 heating

degree-days. Temperature information recorded by weather stations is used to calculate State-widedegree-day averages based on resident State population estimated for 1990. The population-weighted

State figures are aggregated into Census divisions and the national a

Sources: 1949-2000 and Normals—U.S. Department of 

Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Climatic Data CenterClimatology Series 5-1. 2001 and 2002—Energy Information AdJune 2001-April 2002 issues, Table 1.11, which reports data from NOAnalysis Center, Camp Springs, Maryland.
18 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2000

Source: Table 1.8.

Figure 1.8 Cooling Degree-Days by Month, 1949-2001

1 Based on calculations of data from 1961 through 1990.

April May June July August September 

0

100200300400

Cooling Degree-Days



2001 Cooling SeasonCooling Season 30-Year Normals1Record High and Low Years

1954

1955

1952

1991

1995

1976

1955

1950

1992

1967

1983 

1998
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 1.8 Cooling Degree-Days by Month, 1949-2002

Year January February March April May June July August September October Novem

 1949 16 14 14 27 110 253 367 294 131 70 12  1950 27 12 13 21 105 201 268 244 128 78 9  1951 8 5 15 22 95 198 318 293 158 65 7  1952 17 8 15 20 96 280 368 303 159 38 10  1953 12 8 26 25 118 263 338 292 168 58 11  1954 11 12 11 55 65 241 356 296 195 60 9  1955 6 7 20 45 121 161 381 355 182 50 10  1956 4 12 14 23 112 232 297 290 151 66 9  1957 12 17 13 33 96 243 337 275 155 30 13  1958 3 1 8 27 101 187 315 304 166 53 18  1959 6 12 13 31 129 228 325 344 179 64 12  1960 7 4 6 37 76 215 301 302 181 59 15  1961 5 9 23 20 71 195 306 287 186 47 12  1962 6 15 9 26 144 204 276 289 136 64 7  1963 5 5 22 42 94 213 308 266 153 83 11  1964 6 3 14 37 114 214 327 256 146 42 17  1965 9 7 10 42 125 179 280 273 155 48 19  1966 4 5 12 28 81 201 353 273 132 43 12  1967 9 5 24 48 70 206 278 253 118 45 12  1968 6 3 9 32 75 204 307 292 145 53 7  1969 7 4 4 33 94 200 331 304 153 48 8  1970 3 4 10 36 104 201 323 313 185 48 6  1971 8 7 10 22 68 244 288 269 182 77 12  1972 15 6 22 36 88 174 299 276 169 44 9  1973 7 3 24 18 75 236 318 303 166 66 21  1974 21 6 28 29 101 173 317 267 120 40 10  1975 14 11 14 24 117 203 301 296 120 55 12  1976 5 11 23 27 64 208 282 243 127 27 8  1977 2 5 21 35 121 212 351 293 180 44 15  1978 3 1 10 31 93 218 310 300 180 52 19  1979 4 4 13 32 82 187 295 266 160 53 11  1980 9 4 13 23 95 199 374 347 192 42 10  1981 3 6 10 52 75 257 333 275 138 43 12  1982 6 10 21 26 115 165 318 262 140 47 15  1983 6 5 9 13 72 193 353 362 172 58 12  1984 5 6 14 24 92 233 291 312 143 70 9  1985 3 5 22 39 108 193 313 269 145 68 25  1986 8 10 17 33 106 231 340 259 161 52 23  1987 5 7 13 23 127 244 334 298 156 40 14  1988 5 5 13 28 89 218 359 348 149 45 18  1989 15 7 19 36 88 208 312 266 138 49 16  1990 15 14 21 29 86 234 316 291 172 57 16  1991 10 9 19 42 147 235 336 305 149 62 8  1992 6 10 15 29 77 170 286 228 150 49 13  1993 13 5 11 19 91 207 347 317 146 47 11  1994 7 9 18 37 76 262 328 263 141 50 20  1995 7 7 18 29 91 202 348 363 150 61 12  1996 7 6 8 26 116 226 299 287 139 45 14  1997 8 11 31 19 81 189 315 268 171 48 10  1998 12 7 10 23 135 228 350 337 215 62 20  1999 12 11 12 40 94 219 374 305 152 55 17  2000 R10 R10 R25 R28 131 221 R284 R302 R156 R50 R8 

 2001P R3 10 R10 50 113 225 317 323 144 50 19 

 2002P 8 4 18 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Normals1 7 7 16 31 95 208 317 287 154 52 13 

1 Based on calculations of data from 1961 through 1990.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Notes: This table excludes Alaska and Hawaii. Degree-days are relative measurements of outdoor

air temperature. Cooling degree-days are deviations above the mean daily temperature of 65 F. Forexample, a weather station recording a mean daily temperature of 78 F would report 13 coolingdegree-days. Temperature information recorded by weather stations is used to calculate State-widedegree-day averages based on resident State population estimated for 1990. The population-weighted

State figures are aggregated into Census divisions and the national a

Sources: 1949-2000 and Normals—U.S. Department of 

Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Climatic Data CenterClimatology Series 5-2. 2001 and 2002—Energy Information AdJune 2001-April 2002 issues, Table 1.12, which reports data from NOAnalysis Center, Camp Springs, Maryland.
20 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2000

Figure 1.9 Heating Degree-Days by Census Division

Heating Degree-Days by Census Division, 2001

New Middle East North West North South East South West South Mount

0

2,0004,0006,0008,000

6,621

5,839

6,421 6,635

2,895

3,589

2,306

5,321

6,196

5,236

5,764

6,152

2,642

3,341

2,220

4

Degree-Days

Note: See Appendix D for Census Divisions.Source: Table 1.9.

U.S.1 Heating Degree-Days, 1949-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,000

Degree-Days

30-Year Normal2 2001

High: 4,958 (1978)

30-Year Normal2: 4,576

England Atlantic Central Central Atlantic Central Central

1 Excludes Alaska and Hawaii.2 Normals are based on calculations of data from 1961 through 1990.
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 1.9 Heating Degree-Days by Census Division, 1949-2001

Year

New

England

Middle

Atlantic

East North

Central

West North

Central

South

Atlantic

East South

Central

West South

Central Mountain 

 1949 5,829 5,091 5,801 6,479 2,367 2,942 2,133 5,483  1950 6,470 5,765 6,619 7,136 2,713 3,315 1,974 4,930  1951 6,137 5,497 6,549 7,246 2,728 3,340 2,154 5,513  1952 6,180 5,443 5,977 6,386 2,684 3,276 2,074 5,404  1953 5,650 5,027 5,626 5,994 2,486 3,132 2,024 4,925  1954 6,291 5,473 5,841 6,063 2,713 3,211 1,876 4,679  1955 6,577 5,708 6,101 6,630 2,786 3,314 2,083 5,517  1956 6,702 5,731 6,019 6,408 2,642 3,113 2,032 5,146  1957 6,158 5,469 6,166 6,525 2,594 3,112 2,068 5,203  1958 6,907 6,237 6,585 6,585 3,271 4,004 2,590 4,929  1959 6,363 5,535 6,303 6,665 2,698 3,415 2,398 5,138  1960 6,561 5,901 6,544 6,884 3,147 3,958 2,551 5,328  1961 6,632 5,895 6,275 6,591 2,869 3,497 2,296 5,299  1962 6,981 6,089 6,545 6,691 3,022 3,627 2,264 5,165  1963 6,816 6,103 6,691 6,485 3,138 3,890 2,438 5,060  1964 6,594 5,694 6,030 6,303 2,828 3,462 2,272 5,769  1965 6,825 5,933 6,284 6,646 2,830 3,374 2,078 5,318  1966 6,662 6,012 6,606 6,872 3,118 3,758 2,416 5,275  1967 6,987 6,127 6,477 6,569 2,864 3,403 2,082 5,232  1968 6,800 5,981 6,331 6,556 3,160 3,927 2,522 5,415  1969 6,593 5,933 6,603 6,903 3,205 3,910 2,325 5,324  1970 6,839 5,943 6,455 6,835 2,997 3,685 2,396 5,436  1971 6,695 5,761 6,236 6,594 2,763 3,395 1,985 5,585  1972 7,001 6,064 6,772 7,094 2,759 3,438 2,259 5,352  1973 6,120 5,327 5,780 6,226 2,718 3,309 2,256 5,562  1974 6,621 5,670 6,259 6,478 2,551 3,171 2,080 5,281  1975 6,362 5,477 6,169 6,678 2,640 3,336 2,187 5,693  1976 6,839 6,097 6,768 6,670 3,040 3,881 2,446 5,303  1977 6,579 5,889 6,538 6,506 3,047 3,812 2,330 5,060  1978 7,061 6,330 7,095 7,324 3,187 4,062 2,764 5,370  1979 6,348 5,851 6,921 7,369 2,977 3,900 2,694 5,564  1980 6,900 6,143 6,792 6,652 3,099 3,855 2,378 5,052  1981 6,612 5,989 6,446 6,115 3,177 3,757 2,162 4,671  1982 6,697 5,866 6,542 7,000 2,721 3,357 2,227 5,544  1983 6,305 5,733 6,423 6,901 3,057 3,892 2,672 5,359  1984 6,442 5,777 6,418 6,582 2,791 3,451 2,194 5,592  1985 6,571 5,660 6,546 7,119 2,736 3,602 2,466 5,676  1986 6,517 5,665 6,150 6,231 2,686 3,294 2,058 4,870  1987 6,546 5,699 5,810 5,712 2,937 3,466 2,292 5,153  1988 6,715 6,088 6,590 6,634 3,122 3,800 2,346 5,148  1989 6,887 6,134 6,834 6,996 2,944 3,713 2,439 5,173  1990 5,848 4,998 5,681 6,011 2,230 2,929 1,944 5,146  1991 5,960 5,177 5,906 6,319 2,503 3,211 2,178 5,259  1992 6,844 5,964 6,297 6,262 2,852 3,498 2,145 5,054  1993 6,728 5,948 6,646 7,168 2,981 3,768 2,489 5,514  1994 6,672 5,934 6,378 6,509 2,724 3,394 2,108 5,002  1995 6,559 5,831 6,664 6,804 2,967 3,626 2,145 4,953  1996 6,679 5,986 6,947 7,345 3,106 3,782 2,285 5,011  1997 6,662 5,809 6,617 6,762 2,845 3,664 2,418 5,189  1998 5,680 4,812 5,278 5,774 2,429 3,025 2,021 5,059  1999 5,952 5,351 5,946 5,921 2,652 3,142 1,835 4,768  2000 R6,489 R5,774 R6,284 R6,456 R2,959 R3,548 R2,194 R4,881 

 2001P 6,196 5,236 5,764 6,152 2,642 3,341 2,220 4,932 

Normals2 6,621 5,839 6,421 6,635 2,895 3,589 2,306 5,321 

1 Excludes Alaska and Hawaii. 2 Normals are based on calculations of data from 1961 through 1990.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: Degree-days are relative measurements of outdoor air temperature. Heating degree-days are

deviations below the mean daily temperature of 65 F. For example, a weather station recording a mean

daily temperature of 40 F would report 25 heating degree-days. Temperature information recorded by

weather stations is used to calculate State-wide degree-day averages based on resident State populationestimated for 1990. The population-weighted State figures are aggregated into Census divisions and the

national average. See Appendix D for Census divisions.

Sources: 1949-2000 and Normals—U.S. Department o

Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Climatic Data CentClimatology Series 5-1. 2001—Energy Information AdministFebruary 2001-January 2002 issues, Table 1.11, which reports datClimate Analysis Center, Camp Springs, Maryland. Census Divicurrent year monthly statistics shown in the cited issues of the MER
22 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2000

Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 1996

Figure 1.10 Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division

1 Excludes Alaska and Hawaii.2 Normals are based on calculations from 1961 through 1990.

Note: See Appendix D for Census Divisions.Source: Table 1.10.

U.S.1 Cooling Degree-Days, 1949-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

500

1,0001,5002,000

Degree-Days

Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division, 2001

New Middle East North West North South East South West South Mounta

0

1,0002,0003,000

421

675 736

981

1,926

1,565

2,460

1,174

528

766 760

1,032

1,959

1,590

2,592

1,5

Degree-Days

30-Year Normal2: 1,193

Low: 1,029 (1976)

30-Year Normal2 2001

England Atlantic Central Central Atlantic Central Central
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 1.10 Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division, 1949-2001

Year

New

England

Middle

Atlantic

East North

Central

West North

Central

South

Atlantic

East South

Central

West South

Central Mountain 

 1949 654 901 949 1,038 2,128 1,776 2,510 1,198  1950 353 542 602 729 1,919 1,568 2,473 1,120  1951 400 653 644 777 2,028 1,781 2,684 1,137  1952 581 825 897 1,109 2,097 1,864 2,543 1,278  1953 441 768 945 1,183 2,137 1,893 2,727 1,193  1954 303 646 858 1,250 2,082 1,998 2,907 1,292  1955 602 934 1,043 1,238 2,045 1,791 2,643 1,124  1956 336 566 750 1,155 1,913 1,685 2,833 1,247  1957 428 738 754 1,004 2,050 1,692 2,465 1,155  1958 344 592 638 878 1,922 1,582 2,517 1,328  1959 532 903 997 1,083 2,128 1,745 2,456 1,258  1960 368 640 722 961 1,926 1,613 2,492 1,308  1961 482 787 745 867 1,888 1,370 2,230 1,223  1962 264 561 742 974 1,908 1,738 2,700 1,147  1963 373 571 712 1,196 1,812 1,580 2,899 1,235  1964 312 634 787 1,030 1,905 1,591 2,608 1,095  1965 352 638 688 914 1,931 1,634 2,579 961  1966 421 731 724 919 1,788 1,440 2,309 1,239  1967 420 602 548 713 1,697 1,257 2,385 1,120  1968 410 725 740 902 1,842 1,517 2,247 1,015  1969 447 706 701 940 1,887 1,572 2,505 1,228  1970 479 779 827 1,066 2,007 1,662 2,375 1,163  1971 465 730 783 960 1,932 1,577 2,448 1,074  1972 364 614 643 908 1,843 1,525 2,513 1,141  1973 551 830 864 1,009 2,000 1,665 2,359 1,123  1974 393 614 626 878 1,842 1,382 2,342 1,188  1975 467 708 788 1,003 2,011 1,520 2,261 1,031  1976 402 597 619 939 1,675 1,232 2,035 1,058  1977 407 689 823 1,122 2,020 1,808 2,720 1,256  1978 378 615 741 1,027 1,972 1,685 2,638 1,174  1979 434 588 618 871 1,833 1,412 2,242 1,164  1980 487 793 816 1,217 2,075 1,834 2,734 1,202  1981 436 657 658 924 1,889 1,576 2,498 1,331  1982 321 541 643 859 1,958 1,537 2,502 1,121  1983 538 799 934 1,178 1,925 1,579 2,288 1,174  1984 468 649 724 955 1,865 1,508 2,469 1,190  1985 372 627 643 830 2,004 1,596 2,599 1,210  1986 301 626 738 1,021 2,149 1,792 2,618 1,188  1987 406 729 918 1,115 2,067 1,718 2,368 1,196  1988 545 782 975 1,230 1,923 1,582 2,422 1,320  1989 426 658 652 864 1,977 1,417 2,295 1,330  1990 477 656 647 983 2,143 1,622 2,579 1,294  1991 511 854 959 1,125 2,197 1,758 2,499 1,182  1992 276 460 449 637 1,777 1,293 2,201 1,206  1993 486 764 735 817 2,092 1,622 2,369 1,113  1994 548 722 664 887 2,005 1,448 2,422 1,436  1995 507 803 921 985 2,081 1,671 2,448 1,234  1996 400 623 629 821 1,867 1,474 2,515 1,381  1997 395 586 574 873 1,886 1,393 2,361 1,335  1998 505 788 889 1,138 2,277 1,928 3,026 1,271  1999 631 882 855 970 2,024 1,733 2,645 1,242  2000 R317 R542 R658 R1,023 R1,929 R1,736 R2,787 R1,488 

 2001P 528 766 760 1,032 1,959 1,590 2,592 1,521 

Normals2 421 675 736 981 1,926 1,565 2,460 1,174 

1 Excludes Alaska and Hawaii. 2 Normals are based on calculations of data from 1961 through 1990.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: Degree-days are relative measurements of outdoor air temperature. Cooling degree-days are

deviations above the mean daily temperature of 65 F. For example, a weather station recording a mean

daily temperature of 78 F would report 13 cooling degree-days. Temperature information recorded by

weather stations is used to calculate State-wide degree-day averages based on resident State population

estimated for 1990. The population-weighted State figures are aggnational average. See Appendix D for Census divisions.

Sources: 1949-2000 and Normals—U.S. Department of 

Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Climatic Data CenterClimatology Series 5-2. 2001—Energy Information Administrat

2002 issue, Table 1.12, which reports Census Division data from NOAnalysis Center, Camp Springs, Maryland. The U.S. total comes from 
24 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2000

1 General Services Administration.2 National Aeronautics and Space Administration.3 Health and Human Services.

Figure 1.11 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency

Selected Non-Defense Agencies, Fiscal Year 2001

Postal Energy Veterans Transportation GSA1 Justice NASA2 Agriculture HHS

0

1020304050

42.2

37.9

27

21.4

18.5 18.1

10.8

7.9 7.8 

Trillion Btu

Notes: The U.S. Government's fiscal year was October 

except in 1975 and 1976 when it was July 1 through June 30. graphs should not be compared.

Source: Table 1.11.

Total and U.S. Department of Defense, Fiscal Years 1975-2001

1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 199

0

400800

1,2001,600

Trillion Btu (Cumulative)

Total

Service Affairs

Defense

All Other Governm
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 1.11 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency, Fiscal Years 1975-2001 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Agencies

Agriculture Defense Energy GSA 1 HHS 2 Interior Justice NASA 3

Postal

Service

Transportation Vetera

Affair

1975 9.5 1,360.2 50.4 22.3 6.5 9.4 5.9 13.4 30.5 19.3 271976 9.3 1,183.3 50.3 20.6 6.7 9.4 5.7 12.4 30.0 19.5 251977 8.9 1,192.3 51.6 20.4 6.9 9.5 5.9 12.0 32.7 20.4 251978 9.1 1,157.8 50.1 20.4 6.5 9.2 5.9 11.2 30.9 20.6 261979 9.2 1,175.8 49.6 19.6 6.4 10.4 6.4 11.1 29.3 19.6 251980 8.6 1,183.1 47.4 18.1 6.0 8.5 5.7 10.4 27.2 19.2 241981 7.9 1,239.5 47.3 18.0 6.7 7.6 5.4 10.0 27.9 18.8 241982 7.6 1,264.5 49.0 18.1 6.4 7.4 5.8 10.1 27.5 19.1 241983 7.4 1,248.3 49.5 16.1 6.2 7.7 5.5 10.3 26.5 19.4 241984 7.9 1,292.1 51.6 16.2 6.4 8.4 6.4 10.6 27.7 19.8 241985 8.4 1,250.6 R52.2 R19.3 6.0 7.8 8.2 R10.9 27.8 R19.6 251986 6.8 1,222.8 50.4 14.0 6.2 6.9 8.6 11.2 28.0 19.4 251987 7.3 1,280.5 48.6 13.1 6.6 6.6 8.1 R11.3 28.5 19.0 24

1988 7.8 1,165.8 49.9 12.4 6.4 7.0 9.4 R11.3 29.6 18.7 26

1989 8.7 1,274.4 44.3 12.7 6.7 7.1 7.7 R12.4 30.3 18.5 261990 9.5 1,241.7 43.5 R15.7 R7.0 7.4 7.0 R12.4 30.6 19.0 24

1991 9.6 1,269.3 42.2 14.0 R6.2 7.1 8.0 12.5 30.8 19.0 25

1992 9.1 1,104.0 44.3 13.8 R6.8 7.0 7.5 R12.6 31.7 17.0 251993 9.3 1,048.8 43.7 14.1 R7.2 7.5 9.1 12.4 33.7 19.4 25

1994 9.4 977.0 42.3 14.0 R7.5 7.9 10.3 12.6 35.0 19.8 25

1995 9.7 926.0 47.1 13.7 6.1 6.4 10.2 12.4 36.2 18.7 251996 9.1 904.2 44.4 14.5 6.6 4.3 12.1 R11.8 36.4 19.6 26

1997 7.4 880.0 33.9 14.4 7.9 6.6 12.0 12.0 40.8 19.1 27

1998 7.9 837.1 31.5 14.1 7.4 6.4 15.8 R12.1 39.5 18.5 271999 7.8 810.7 30.4 R14.4 R7.1 7.5 15.4 11.4 39.8 20.5 27

2000 R7.4 R774.5 R29.5 R17.7 R7.4 R6.0 R17.7 R10.9 R42.3 R20.4 R27

2001P 7.9 774.5 37.9 18.5 7.8 7.5 18.1 10.8 42.2 21.4 27

1 General Services Administration. 2 Health and Human Services. 3 National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 4 Includes National Archives and Records Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, Panama

Canal Commission, Tennessee Valley Authority, U.S. Department of Labor, National Science Foundation,Federal Trade Commission, Federal Communications Commission, Environmental Protection Agency,U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Railroad Retirement Board, Commodity FuturesTrading Commission, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, U.S.Department of State, U.S. Department of the Treasury, Small Business Administration, Office of PersonnelManagement, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Central Intelligence Agency, Social Security

Administration, and U.S. Information Agency (International Broadcas

R = Revised. P = Preliminary. Notes: The U.S. Government’s fiscal year was October 1 throu

1976, when it was July 1 through June 30. Data include energy co

foreign operations, including aviation and ocean bunkering, primarily U.S. Government energy use for electricity generation and 

Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent roun

Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and R

Energy Management Programs.
26 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2000

Source: Table 1.12.

Figure 1.12 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Source, Fiscal Years 1975-2001

By Major Energy Source

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

200400600800

1,0001,200

Trillion Btu

By Petroleum Product

1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

200400600800

Trillion Btu

Petroleum

Coal

Jet Fu

Distillate and Resid

Motor Gasoline

Notes: The U.S. Government's fiscal year was October 1 through September 30, 

except in 1975 and 1976 when it was July 1 through June 30. Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared.

Electricity

Natural Gas
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 1.12 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Source, Fiscal Years 1975-2001 (Trillion Btu)

Year Coal

Natural

Gas

Petroleum

Electricity

Aviation

Gasoline

Distillate and

Residual Fuel Oil Jet Fuel

LPG 1

and Other

Motor

Gasoline Total

1975 77.9 166.2 22.0 376.0 707.4 5.6 63.2 1,174.2 141.5 1976 71.3 151.8 11.6 329.7 610.0 4.7 60.4 1,016.4 139.3 1977 68.4 141.2 8.8 348.5 619.2 4.1 61.4 1,042.1 141.1 1978 66.0 144.7 6.2 332.3 601.1 3.0 60.1 1,002.9 141.0 1979 65.1 148.9 4.7 327.1 618.6 3.7 59.1 1,013.1 141.2 1980 63.5 147.3 4.9 307.7 638.7 4.0 56.5 1,011.8 141.9 1981 65.1 142.2 4.6 351.3 653.3 3.7 53.2 1,066.2 144.5 1982 68.6 146.2 3.6 349.4 672.7 3.9 53.1 1,082.8 147.5 1983 62.4 147.8 2.6 329.5 673.4 4.0 51.6 1,061.1 151.5 1984 65.3 157.4 1.9 342.9 693.7 4.1 51.2 1,093.8 155.9 1985 R64.2 R149.9 1.9 R291.8 705.7 4.0 50.4 R1,053.8 R169.4 1986 63.8 140.9 1.4 271.6 710.2 3.9 45.3 1,032.4 159.2 1987 67.0 145.6 1.0 319.5 702.3 4.0 43.1 R1,069.9 169.9 

1988 60.2 144.6 6.0 R284.8 617.2 3.2 41.2 R952.4 171.2 

1989 48.7 152.4 0.8 R245.3 761.7 5.7 41.1 R1,054.5 R188.6 1990 44.2 157.8 0.5 R245.9 732.4 R6.4 37.2 R1,022.4 R194.8 

1991 45.9 R154.1 0.4 232.7 774.5 9.0 34.1 R1,050.8 R192.6 

1992 51.7 R151.2 1.0 R200.6 628.2 11.4 35.6 876.8 R192.4 1993 38.5 R153.0 0.7 187.1 612.4 9.3 34.5 R843.8 R193.0 

1994 35.0 R143.9 0.6 R198.5 550.7 10.9 29.5 R790.2 R190.9 

1995 31.7 149.2 0.3 178.5 522.3 11.4 31.9 744.4 185.5 1996 23.3 147.4 0.2 170.6 513.0 21.7 27.6 733.2 R184.6 

1997 22.5 145.0 0.3 180.1 475.7 17.2 39.0 712.2 184.1 

1998 23.9 140.5 0.2 175.1 445.5 9.4 43.1 673.2 R182.2 1999 21.2 R137.2 0.1 R162.0 444.7 2.9 41.1 R650.8 R184.5 

2000 R22.7 R133.5 0.2 R170.0 R403.1 R4.7 R31.9 R609.8 R194.0 

2001P 22.4 139.1 0.2 172.3 403.2 6.3 31.9 614.0 198.8 

1 Liquefied petroleum gases.

R = Revised. P = Preliminary. Notes: The U.S. Government’s fiscal year was October 1 through September 30, except in 1975 and

1976, when it was July 1 through June 30. This table uses a conversion factor for electricity of 3,412 Btu

per kilowatthour and a conversion factor for purchased steam of 1,000 Btu per pound. Data include

energy consumed at foreign installations and in foreign operations, iprimarily by the U.S. Department of Defense. U.S. Government enuranium enrichment is excluded. Totals may not equal sum of com

Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renew

Management Programs.
28 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2000

1 Chilled water from district heating and cooling systems and any other energy type, such 

as renewable energy.

Notes: The U.S. Government's fiscal year runs from October 1 through September 30. 

Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared.

Figure 1.13 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency and Source, Fiscal Years 1991 and 

By Agency

Petroleum Electricity Natural Gas Coal, Purchased Petroleum Electricity Natural G

0

200400600800

1,000 993

117 109

51 58 76 45 

557

105 80 33 57 94 5

Trillion Btu

By Source

Jet Fuel Distillate and Motor All Other Total Electricity Natural Gas Coal, Purc

0

400800

1,2001,600

775

233

34 9

1,051

193 154

64

403

172

32 7

614

199 139

4

Trillion Btu

Source: Table 1.13.

Department of Defense All Other Agencies

Residual Fuel Oil

1991 2001

Gasoline Petroleum Petroleum

1991 2001

Steam, and Other1 

Steam, and 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 1.13 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency and Source, Fiscal Years 1991 and 2 (Trillion Btu)

Agency

Coal

and Other 2

Natural

Gas

Petroleum

Aviation

Gasoline

Distillate and

Residual

Fuel Oil Jet Fuel

LPG 1

and Other 

Motor

Gasoline Total

Total, 1991 ................................................... 64.2 154.1 0.4 232.7 774.5 9.0 34.1 1,050.8  Defense ...................................................... 50.7 109.0 0.0 214.1 765.2 1.7 12.0 993.0  Postal Service ............................................. 0.5 4.6 0.0 4.2 0.0 0.2 9.0 13.4  Energy ........................................................ 8.6 10.3 0.0 3.2 0.4 0.3 1.2 5.0  Veterans Affairs .......................................... 1.2 13.9 0.0 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.3 1.7  Transportation ............................................ 0.1 0.9 0.1 1.4 6.3 5.4 0.7 13.8  General Services Administration ................ 1.6 2.5 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.6  Justice ........................................................ 0.4 2.5 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.0 1.8 2.6  NASA .......................................................... 0.4 2.5 0.0 0.9 1.4 0.0 0.3 2.7  Agriculture .................................................. 0.1 1.8 0.1 0.6 0.0 0.2 4.7 5.7  Health and Human Services ....................... 0.1 2.3 0.0 1.4 0.0 0.1 0.0 1.5  Interior ........................................................ 0.1 1.0 0.1 0.9 0.1 1.0 2.2 4.3  Other 3 ........................................................ 0.6 2.8 0.1 3.5 1.0 0.0 1.8 6.3 

Total, 2001 P ................................................ 42.3 139.1 0.2 172.3 403.2 6.3 31.9 614.0 

 Defense ...................................................... 32.9 79.9 0.0 150.2 395.1 2.3 9.4 556.9 

 Postal Service ............................................. 0.0 8.5 0.0 5.1 0.0 0.9 10.4 16.4  Energy ........................................................ 4.2 7.9 0.0 2.7 0.0 0.2 0.4 3.4  Veterans Affairs .......................................... 1.5 14.2 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.7 1.9  Transportation ............................................ 0.0 2.0 0.0 7.2 4.2 0.1 0.1 11.5  General Services Administration ................ 1.7 6.5 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.6  Justice ........................................................ 0.4 5.8 0.1 0.6 1.6 0.0 5.4 7.8  NASA .......................................................... 0.2 3.1 0.0 0.4 1.1 0.0 0.1 1.6  Agriculture .................................................. 0.2 2.5 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.4 2.5 3.4  Health and Human Services ....................... 0.3 3.5 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.9  Interior ........................................................ 0.0 1.3 0.0 1.0 0.1 2.1 0.9 4.1  Other 4 ........................................................ 0.7 3.8 0.0 2.3 1.1 0.1 1.8 5.3 

1 Liquefied petroleum gases. 2 Purchased steam and other. 3 Includes U.S. Department of Commerce, Panama Canal Commission, Tennessee Valley Authority,

U.S. Department of Labor, U.S Information Agency, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development,Federal Communications Commission, Office of Personnel Management, U.S. Department of State,Federal Emergency Management Agency, U.S. Department of the Treasury, National Archives andRecords Administration, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Railroad Retirement Board, Federal TradeCommission, Commodity Futures Trading Commission, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, andEnvironmental Protection Agency. 4 Includes National Archives and Records Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S.Department of Labor, U.S. Department of State, Environmental Protection Agency, FederalCommunications Commission, Federal Trade Commission, Social Security Administration, InternationalBroadcasting Bureau, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Office

of Personnel Management, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Treasury, Railroad Retirement Board, Tennessee Valley AuthorAgency, Central Intelligence Agency, and National Science Foundat

P=Preliminary. Notes: This table uses a conversion factor for electricity 

conversion factor for purchased steam of 1,000 Btu per pound. Dinstallations and in foreign operations, including aviation and ocDepartment of Defense. U.S. Government energy use for electricity excluded. The U.S. Government’s fiscal year runs from October 1 

not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Rene

Management Programs.
30 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2000

Figure 1.14 Fossil Fuel Production on Federally Administered Lands

Notes: All data are on a calendar-year basis except 2001, which is on a fiscal-year basis 

(October 2000-September 2001). Federally Administered Lands include all classes of land owned by the Federal Government, including acquired military, Outer Continental Shelf, and public lands. Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared.

 Source: Table 1.14.

By Source, 1949-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

02468

10

Quadrillion BtuNatural Gas Crude Oil and

Lease Condensate

Coal

Lease Con

Total, 1949-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

06

121824

Quadrillion Btu

Federal Lands Fossil Fuel Production as a Share oU.S. Fossil Fuel Production, 1949-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 

0

1020304050

Percent

2001: 20

Federal Lands Fossil Fuel Production as a Share ofU.S. Fossil Fuel Production, By Source, 2001

Coal Natural Gas Crude O

0

1020304050

38 36

32

Percent
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 1.14 Fossil Fuel Production on Federally Administered Lands, 1949-2001

Year

Crude Oil and Lease Condensate 1 Natural Gas Plant Liquids 2 Natural Gas 3 Coal 4 

Million

Barrels

Quadrillion

Btu

Percent

U.S. Total 5

Million

Barrels

Quadrillion

Btu

Percent

U.S. Total 5

Trillion

Cubic Feet

Quadrillion

Btu

Percent

U.S. Total 5

Million

Short Tons

Quadrillion

Btu

Per

U.S. 

1949 95.2 0.55 5.2 4.4 0.02 2.8 0.15 0.15 2.8 9.5 0.20 1950 105.9 0.61 5.4 4.4 0.02 2.4 0.14 0.15 2.4 7.7 0.16 1951 117.3 0.68 5.2 5.3 0.02 2.6 0.17 0.18 2.4 9.3 0.20 1952 118.7 0.69 5.2 5.5 0.02 2.5 0.25 0.25 3.2 8.7 0.18 1953 136.9 0.79 5.8 5.7 0.03 2.4 0.29 0.30 3.6 7.5 0.16 1954 146.5 0.85 6.3 6.1 0.03 2.4 0.39 0.40 4.6 7.4 0.16 1955 159.5 0.92 6.4 6.0 0.03 2.1 0.43 0.45 4.8 5.9 0.12 1956 174.1 1.01 6.7 6.4 0.03 2.2 0.49 0.51 5.1 5.8 0.12 1957 189.4 1.10 7.2 6.6 0.03 2.2 0.62 0.64 6.1 5.7 0.12 1958 216.8 1.26 8.9 8.0 0.04 2.7 0.69 0.71 6.5 5.3 0.11 1959 258.2 1.50 10.0 9.5 0.04 3.0 0.83 0.86 7.2 4.9 0.10 1960 277.3 1.61 10.8 11.6 0.05 3.4 0.95 0.98 7.8 5.2 0.11 1961 297.3 1.72 11.3 13.5 0.06 3.7 1.03 1.06 8.1 5.2 0.11 1962 321.7 1.87 12.0 15.3 0.07 4.1 1.18 1.22 8.9 5.8 0.12 1963 342.8 1.99 12.5 16.0 0.07 4.0 1.37 1.41 9.7 5.4 0.11 1964 356.0 2.07 12.8 15.5 0.07 3.7 1.51 1.55 10.2 7.1 0.15 1965 378.6 2.20 13.3 14.3 0.06 3.2 1.56 1.61 10.2 8.2 0.17 1966 426.7 2.47 14.1 15.2 0.06 3.2 2.02 2.09 12.3 8.3 0.17 1967 472.6 2.74 14.7 20.1 0.09 3.9 2.41 2.48 13.8 9.5 0.20 1968 523.7 3.04 15.7 13.7 0.06 2.5 2.61 2.69 14.1 9.1 0.19 1969 563.8 3.27 16.7 19.9 0.08 3.4 3.05 3.14 15.4 10.1 0.21 1970 605.6 3.51 17.2 40.6 0.17 6.7 3.56 3.67 16.9 12.0 0.25 1971 648.9 3.76 18.8 54.0 0.22 8.7 3.95 4.08 18.3 17.3 0.36 1972 630.5 3.66 18.2 56.7 0.23 8.9 4.17 4.28 19.3 19.0 0.40 1973 604.3 3.51 18.0 54.9 0.22 8.7 4.37 4.46 20.1 24.2 0.51 1974 570.2 3.31 17.8 61.9 0.25 10.1 4.75 4.87 22.9 32.1 0.67 1975 531.5 3.08 17.4 59.7 0.24 10.0 4.57 4.67 23.8 43.6 0.92 1976 525.7 3.05 17.7 57.2 0.23 9.7 4.81 4.91 25.2 86.4 1.82 11977 535.0 3.10 17.8 57.4 0.23 9.7 4.94 5.04 25.8 74.8 1.57 11978 523.6 3.04 16.5 25.9 0.10 4.5 5.60 5.71 29.3 79.2 1.66 11979 519.8 3.01 16.7 11.9 0.05 2.1 5.93 6.05 30.1 84.9 1.78 11980 510.4 2.96 16.2 10.5 0.04 1.8 5.85 6.01 30.2 92.9 1.95 11981 529.3 3.07 16.9 12.3 0.05 2.1 6.15 6.31 32.1 138.8 2.91 11982 552.3 3.20 17.5 15.0 0.06 2.7 5.97 6.14 33.5 130.0 2.73 11983 568.8 3.30 17.9 14.0 0.05 2.5 5.17 5.33 32.1 124.3 2.61 11984 595.8 3.46 18.3 25.4 0.10 4.3 5.88 6.07 33.7 136.3 2.86 11985 628.3 3.64 19.2 26.6 0.10 4.5 5.24 5.41 31.8 184.6 3.88 21986 608.4 3.53 19.2 23.3 0.09 4.1 4.87 5.01 30.3 189.7 3.98 21987 577.3 3.35 18.9 23.7 0.09 4.1 5.56 5.73 33.4 195.2 4.10 21988 516.3 2.99 17.3 37.0 0.14 6.2 5.45 5.61 31.9 225.4 4.73 21989 488.9 2.84 17.6 45.1 0.17 8.0 5.32 5.49 30.7 236.3 4.96 21990 515.9 2.99 19.2 50.9 0.19 8.9 6.55 6.75 36.8 280.6 5.89 21991 491.0 2.85 18.1 72.7 0.28 12.0 5.99 6.17 33.8 285.1 5.99 21992 529.1 3.07 20.2 70.7 0.27 11.4 6.25 6.43 35.0 266.7 5.60 21993 529.3 3.07 21.2 64.4 0.24 10.2 6.56 6.74 36.3 285.7 6.00 31994 527.7 3.06 21.7 60.0 0.23 9.5 6.78 6.97 36.0 321.4 6.75 31995 567.4 3.29 23.7 74.0 0.28 11.5 6.78 6.96 36.4 376.9 7.91 31996 596.5 3.46 25.2 71.2 0.27 10.6 7.31 7.51 38.8 354.5 7.44 31997 632.8 3.67 26.9 74.7 0.28 11.3 7.43 7.62 39.3 362.6 7.61 31998 6606.3 3.52 26.6 660.3 0.23 9.4 67.06 7.27 R37.1 371.1 7.79 31999 7628.9 73.65 729.3 766.5 70.25 79.9 77.24 77.44 738.4 414.5 8.70 32000 689.2 4.00 32.3 88.9 0.33 12.7 7.14 7.32 37.6 440.2 9.24 420018 681.1 3.95 31.9 82.0 0.31 12.0 7.00 7.17 36.2 422.9 8.88 3

1 Production from Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 1 for 1974 and earlier years is for fiscal years (July

through June). 2 Includes only those quantities for which the royalties were paid on the basis of the value of the naturalgas plant liquids produced. Additional quantities of natural gas plant liquids were produced; however, theroyalties paid were based on the value of natural gas processed. These latter quantities are included withnatural gas. 3 Includes some quantities of natural gas processed into liquids at natural gas processing plants andfractionators. 4 Converted to British thermal units (Btu) on the basis of an estimated heat content of coal produced onFederally administered lands of 21.0 million Btu per short ton. 5 Based on physical units.

6 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1997 and 19

Petroleum Reserve No. 1. 7 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1998 and 19Reserve data have become insignificant and are no longer included. 8 Fiscal-year data: October 2000-September 2001.

R=Revised. Note: Federally Administered Lands include all classes of land 

including acquired military, Outer Continental Shelf, and public lands.

Web Page: http://www.mrm.mms.gov.Sources: See end of section.
32 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2000

Notes: See Note 2 at end of section for a discussion of "n

vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared.

Source: Table 1.15.

By Petroleum Product, 2001

LPG Petrochemical Feedst Asphalt and Road Oil Lubricants Pentanes Plus P

0.00.51.01.52.0

1.7

1.3 1.2

0.3 0.3 

Quadrillion Btu

Total, 1980-2001

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000

02468

Quadrillion Btu

By Fuel, 2001

Petroleum Products Natural Gas Coal

0246

5.3

0.7

0

Quadrillion Btu

As Share of Total Energy Consumption, 1980-2001

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 19

02468

Percent

1 Liquefied petroleum gases.2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, waxes, and miscellaneous products.(s) = less than 0.05 quadrillion Btu.

Figure 1.15 Fossil Fuel Consumption for Nonfuel Use

Total

Petroleum Products

Natural Gas

Coal

Petrochemical

Feedstocks

Asphalt

and

Road Oil

Lubricants 

Pentanes

Plus

LPG1 

Petroleum Products Natural Gas Coal

(s)
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 1.15 Fossil Fuel Consumption for Nonfuel Use, 1980-2001

Year

Petroleum Products

Natural

Gas Coal 

Asphalt

and

Road Oil

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases

Pentanes

Plus Lubricants

Petrochemical

Feedstocks

Petroleum

Coke

Special

Naphthas Other 1 Total

Physical Units 2

1980 145 230 3 ( ) 58 253 24 37 58 805 639 2.4 

1981 125 229 3 ( ) 56 216 29 27 54 736 507 2.1 

1982 125 256 3 ( ) 51 157 23 25 48 686 438 1.4 1983 136 264 3 ( ) 53 151 10 30 45 689 441 1.2 

1984 150 247 10 57 145 16 40 41 705 495 1.5 

1985 156 265 13 53 144 15 30 41 718 500 1.1 1986 164 248 17 52 169 14 25 38 727 496 0.7 1987 170 303 12 59 170 24 28 36 802 578 0.8 1988 171 319 21 57 173 25 22 40 827 554 0.7 1989 165 332 17 58 172 23 20 39 827 563 0.6 1990 176 344 18 60 199 30 20 39 887 572 0.6 1991 162 394 10 53 200 27 17 44 907 573 0.6 1992 166 397 13 54 214 41 20 35 940 594 1.2 1993 174 389 60 55 216 27 20 33 976 596 0.9 1994 176 437 56 58 222 30 15 35 1,029 673 0.9 1995 178 450 66 57 215 32 13 26 1,037 647 0.9 1996 177 470 69 55 217 34 14 27 1,063 656 0.9 1997 184 473 65 58 250 29 14 27 1,102 R678 0.9 1998 190 454 58 61 252 51 20 31 1,117 R685 0.8 

1999 200 512 72 62 R238 62 28 28 R1,201 R666 0.8 

2000 192 R527 R68 61 R243 R38 R19 29 R1,177 R684 0.8 2001P 190 479 66 56 211 45 16 31 1,093 645 0.8 

Quadrillion Btu

1980 0.96 0.78 3 ( ) 0.35 1.43 0.14 0.19 0.34 4.19 0.65 0.08 

1981 0.83 0.77 3 ( ) 0.34 1.21 0.17 0.14 0.31 3.78 0.52 0.07 

1982 0.83 0.87 3 ( ) 0.31 0.88 0.14 0.13 0.28 3.44 0.45 0.04 1983 0.90 0.89 3 ( ) 0.32 0.85 0.06 0.16 0.26 3.45 0.45 0.04 

1984 0.99 0.84 0.05 0.35 0.82 0.09 0.21 0.24 3.58 0.51 0.05 

1985 1.03 0.90 0.06 0.32 0.82 0.09 0.16 0.24 3.63 0.52 0.03 1986 1.09 0.85 0.08 0.31 0.95 0.08 0.13 0.22 3.72 0.51 0.02 1987 1.13 1.06 0.06 0.36 0.96 0.14 0.14 0.21 4.06 0.60 0.03 1988 1.14 1.11 0.10 0.34 0.97 0.15 0.11 0.23 4.16 0.57 0.02 1989 1.10 1.18 0.08 0.35 0.96 0.14 0.11 0.23 4.14 0.58 0.02 1990 1.17 1.20 0.08 0.36 1.12 0.18 0.11 0.23 4.46 0.59 0.02 1991 1.08 1.38 0.04 0.32 1.15 0.16 0.09 0.26 4.48 0.59 0.02 1992 1.10 1.39 0.06 0.33 1.20 0.25 0.10 0.20 4.64 0.61 0.04 

1993 1.15 1.35 0.28 0.34 1.22 0.17 0.10 0.20 4.80 0.61 0.03 

1994 1.17 1.55 0.26 0.35 1.26 0.18 0.08 0.20 5.05 0.69 0.03 1995 1.18 1.59 0.30 0.35 1.21 0.19 0.07 0.20 5.08 0.66 0.03 1996 1.18 1.65 0.32 0.34 1.21 0.21 0.07 0.19 5.17 0.67 0.03 1997 1.22 1.67 0.30 0.35 1.40 0.18 0.07 0.20 5.40 R0.70 0.03 1998 1.26 1.60 0.27 0.37 1.40 0.31 0.11 0.22 5.54 0.71 0.03 1999 1.32 1.81 0.33 0.37 1.33 0.37 0.15 0.21 5.89 R0.68 0.03 2000 R1.28 R1.86 0.31 0.37 R1.35 0.23 R0.10 0.21 R5.70 R0.70 0.03 2001P 1.26 1.69 0.31 0.34 1.17 0.27 0.08 0.22 5.34 0.66 0.02 

1 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, waxes, and miscellaneous products. 2 Petroleum - million barrels; natural gas - billion cubic feet; and coal - million short tons. 3 Included in liquefied petroleum gases.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. — = Not applicable. Notes: See Note 2 at end of section for a discussion of "Nonfuel Use." Because of changes in

methodology, data series may be revised annually. See Energy Information Administration (EIA),

Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States 2000 (November 2001), Appendix A, on the WebPage, for a discussion of the estimates in the table. Totals may not equal sum of components due to

independent rounding.

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/environment.html.

Sources: Petroleum Products: 1980—EIA, Energy Data Repo

Sales of Liquefied Petroleum Gases and Ethane in 1980. 1981-

annual reports, and unpublished data. 2001—EIA, Petroleum Sup

estimates. Natural Gas: 1980—Bureau of the Census, 1980 S

Coal, and Coke Materials Consumed. 1981 forward—U.S. 

1960-1995—U.S. International Trade Commission, Synthetic 

Production and Sales, 1995 (January 1997). 1996 forward—Es

been discontinued. Percent of Total Energy Consumption: 

consumption on Table 1.3.
Energy Overview

Note 1. Data on the generation of electricity in the United States representnet generation, which is gross output of electricity (measured at the generator terminals) minus power plant use. Nuclear electricity generation data

identified by individual countries in Section 11 are gross outputs ofelectricity.Note 2. Most fossil fuels consumed in the United States and elsewhere arecombusted to produce heat and power. However, some are used directlyfor nonfuel use as construction materials, lubricants, chemical feedstocks,solvents, and waxes. For example, asphalt and road oil are used for roofing and paving; liquefied petroleum gases are used to create intermediateproducts that are used in making plastics; lubricants, including motor oiland greases, are used in vehicles and various industrial processes; petrochemical feedstocks are used to make plastics, synthetic fabrics, and related products; and natural gas is used to make nitrogenous fertilizers andas feedstock in the chemical industry.

Table 1.14 Sources

• 1949-1980—U.S. Geological Survey, Oil an

Income, and Production, Royalty Income, and R

Phosphate, Potash, Sodium, and Other Minercome, and Related Statistics (June 1981); DepOffice of Naval Petroleum and Oil Shale Resedata; and U.S. Geological Survey, National Peunpublished data. • 1981-1983—U.S. Minerals MRevenues Report on Receipts from Federal and InOffice of NPOSR, unpublished data; and U.S. Geotroleum Reserve in Alaska, unpublished data. • Management Service, Mineral Revenues Reporand Indian Leases, annual reports; and DOE, 

lished data. • 1999-2000—U.S. Minerals Managenues Report on Receipts from Federal and Amereports. • 2001—http://www.mrm.mms.gov/St

34 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2000
Office buildings, industries, residences, and transport systems, Baltimore, Maryland; east view from th

Source: U.S. Department of Energy.

Energy Consumption by Se

2
36 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 2.1a Energy Consumption by Sector Overview

Primary and Total Consumption by Sector, 2001

Residential Commercial Industrial Transportation 0

10203040

6.9

4.2

21.6

26.7

37.5

20.2

17.4

32.6

26.7

Quadrillion Btu

Total Consumption by End-Use Sector, 1949-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

10203040

Quadrillion Btu

End-Use Sector Shares of Total, 2001

Residential

Transportation 

Com

1 Conventional hydroelectric power, wood, waste, geothermal, solar, and wind.Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared.

Sources: Tables 2.1a and 2.1f.

Transportation

Residential

Primary Consumption

 Total Consumption 

Commercial

Industrial 

Electric

Power

Electric Power Sector, 1949-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 

05

10152025

Quadrillion Btu

Petro

Natural Gas

Renewable Energy1

21% 18%

34%

28%
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

1 Electrical system energy losses associated with the generation, transmission, and 

distribution of energy in the form of electricity.

Industrial

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0369

12

Quadrillion Btu

Residential

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

02468

10

Quadrillion Btu

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Sources: Tables 2.1b-2.1e.

Figure 2.1b Energy Consumption by End-Use Sector, 1949-2001

Natural Gas Petroleum

Coal

Commercial

1950 1960 1970 1980 

02468

10

Quadrillion Btu

Transportation

1950 1960 1970 1980 

07

142128

Quadrillion Btu Electrical Losses1 Electricity

Wood

Electrical

Losses1

Natural Gas

Electricity

Petroleum

Wood

Coal

Natural Ga

Petrol

Natura

Coal
38 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Table 2.1a Energy Consumption by Sector, 1949-2001 (Trillion Btu)

Year

End-Use Sectors Electric

Power

Sector 3,4

Residential Commercial 1 Industrial 2 Transportation

Primary Total Primary Total Primary Total Primary Total Primary

1949 4,475 R5,619 2,661 R3,665 R12,627 R14,726 7,880 R7,991 4,358 

1950 4,848 R6,012 2,824 R3,888 R13,881 R16,242 8,384 R8,493 4,698 

1951 5,099 R6,381 R2,752 R3,892 R15,118 R17,680 8,934 R9,043 5,093 1952 5,179 R6,587 2,662 R3,867 R14,662 R17,313 8,907 R9,004 5,361 

1953 5,056 R6,567 2,520 R3,782 R15,328 R18,211 9,031 R9,124 5,749 

1954 5,286 R6,875 2,445 R3,725 R14,306 R17,156 8,823 R8,903 5,800 1955 5,633 R7,312 2,548 R3,888 R16,091 R19,490 R9,475 R9,551 6,495 

1956 5,851 R7,684 2,608 R4,031 R16,562 R20,215 R9,791 R9,860 6,979 

1957 5,772 R7,747 2,434 R3,952 R16,513 R20,219 9,837 9,897 7,260 1958 6,143 R8,226 2,553 R4,120 R15,798 R19,319 R9,953 10,005 7,223 

1959 6,224 R8,455 2,630 R4,359 R16,519 R20,329 R10,298 10,350 7,821 

1960 6,689 R9,087 2,702 R4,597 R16,977 R20,839 R10,560 R10,597 8,192 1961 6,815 R9,330 2,744 R4,711 R16,993 R20,944 R10,735 10,770 8,469 

1962 7,113 R9,818 2,910 R5,024 R17,590 R21,770 R11,186 11,221 9,033 

1963 7,135 R10,035 2,897 R5,227 R18,366 R22,730 11,621 11,655 9,628 1964 7,161 R10,295 2,949 R5,442 R19,427 R24,096 R11,965 11,998 10,330 

1965 7,334 R10,695 3,144 R5,813 R20,124 R25,074 12,400 12,434 11,013 

1966 7,549 R11,221 3,384 R6,301 R21,030 R26,401 13,069 13,102 11,993 1967 7,741 R11,669 3,738 R6,870 R21,013 R26,615 R13,718 R13,752 12,696 

1968 7,968 R12,372 3,861 R7,291 R21,872 R27,886 R14,831 R14,866 13,882 

1969 8,277 R13,208 4,046 R7,797 R22,654 R29,118 R15,471 R15,506 15,182 1970 8,353 R13,803 4,196 R8,311 R22,975 R29,647 R16,061 R16,098 16,273 

1971 8,460 R14,290 4,279 R8,684 R22,732 R29,611 16,693 16,729 17,149 

1972 8,655 R14,909 4,369 R9,159 R23,532 R30,974 R17,681 R17,716 18,520 1973 8,250 R14,963 4,381 R9,533 R24,741 R32,693 R18,576 R18,612 19,852 

1974 7,928 R14,714 4,221 R9,386 R23,816 R31,855 R18,086 R18,119 20,022 

1975 8,006 R14,856 4,023 R9,477 R21,454 R29,464 R18,209 R18,244 20,350 1976 8,408 R15,460 4,333 R10,051 R22,685 R31,454 19,065 19,099 21,573 

1977 8,207 R15,729 4,217 R10,210 R23,193 R32,356 R19,784 R19,820 22,713 

1978 8,272 R16,202 4,269 R10,517 R23,276 R32,788 R20,580 R20,615 23,724 1979 7,934 R15,888 4,333 R10,664 R24,211 R34,019 R20,436 R20,471 24,128 

1980 7,504 R15,898 4,097 R10,633 R22,673 R32,209 R19,658 R19,696 24,505 

1981 7,103 R15,431 3,831 R10,703 R21,404 R30,926 R19,469 R19,506 24,760 1982 7,163 R15,649 3,859 R10,940 R19,113 R27,778 R19,032 R19,069 24,270 

1983 6,834 R15,547 3,827 R11,024 R18,598 R27,602 R19,098 R19,141 24,956 

1984 6,990 R15,870 3,991 R11,546 R20,208 R29,745 R19,761 R19,809 26,020 1985 6,988 R16,023 3,712 R11,554 R19,540 R29,062 R20,023 20,071 26,446 

1986 6,807 R16,009 3,652 R11,681 R19,133 R28,463 20,768 R20,817 26,611 

1987 6,841 R16,341 3,743 R12,054 R20,046 R29,633 21,405 21,456 27,448 1988 7,244 R17,140 3,953 R12,643 R20,958 R30,895 22,261 22,313 28,574 

1989 7,492 R17,785 R3,954 R13,172 R20,886 R31,408 R22,497 R22,552 4,P30,087 

1990 R6,457 R16,878 R3,813 R13,267 R21,240 R31,904 R22,472 R22,526 P30,594 1991 6,689 R17,453 R3,862 R13,498 R20,901 R31,566 R22,069 R22,122 P31,118 

1992 R6,882 R17,401 R3,899 R13,453 R21,806 R32,738 R22,406 R22,459 P31,058 

1993 R7,121 R18,318 R3,894 R13,852 R21,740 R32,738 R22,829 R22,883 P32,207 1994 R6,949 R18,246 R3,930 R14,159 R22,376 R33,668 R23,448 R23,503 P32,875 

1995 R7,022 R18,749 R4,032 R14,753 R22,643 R34,035 R23,904 R23,960 P33,896 

1996 R7,556 R19,742 R4,218 R15,251 R23,376 R35,012 R24,456 R24,511 P34,912 1997 R7,088 R19,146 R4,248 R15,754 R23,619 R35,255 R24,752 R24,807 P35,256 

1998 R6,462 R19,114 R3,961 R16,029 R23,080 R34,848 R25,295 R25,351 P36,543 

1999 R6,810 R19,702 R4,001 R16,430 R22,825 R34,740 R26,031 R26,089 P37,294 2000 R7,129 R20,517 R4,221 R17,237 R22,907 R34,855 R26,643 R26,704 P38,412 

2001P 6,899 20,157 4,240 17,443 21,630 32,604 26,682 26,746 37,499 

1 Commercial sector fuel use, including that at commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and

commercial electricity-only plants. See Appendix G for commercial sector NAICS codes. 2 Industrial sector fuel use, including that at industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrialelectricity-only plants. See Appendix G for industrial sector NAICS codes. 3 The electric power sector (electric utilities and independent power producers) compriseselectricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants whose primary business is to sell electricity, orelectricity and heat, to the public—i.e., NAICS 22 plants. 4 Through 1988, data are for consumption at electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data also includeconsumption at independent power producers.

5 A balancing item. The sum of primary consumption in the five e

total consumption in the four end-use sectors. However, total energy of the sectoral components due to the use of sector-specific conversio

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. Notes: Primary consumption includes coal, natural gas, 

hydroelectric power, wood, waste, alcohol fuels, geothermal, solar, wimports of electricity. Total consumption includes primary conselectrical system energy losses. Totals may not equal sum of comp

Sources: Tables 2.1b-2.1f.
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 2.1b Residential Sector Energy Consumption, 1949-2001 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Primary Consumption

Electricity

Retail

Sales 4

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy

Total

Coal Natural Gas Primary 1 Petroleum Total Wood Geothermal 2 Solar 3 Total

1949 1,272 1,027 1,121 3,420 1,055 NA NA 1,055 4,475 228 

1950 1,261 1,240 1,340 3,842 1,006 NA NA 1,006 4,848 246 

1951 1,134 1,526 1,481 4,141 958 NA NA 958 5,099 284 1952 1,079 1,679 1,522 4,279 899 NA NA 899 5,179 319 

1953 946 1,744 1,533 4,224 832 NA NA 832 5,056 355 

1954 858 1,961 1,667 4,486 800 NA NA 800 5,286 397 1955 867 2,198 1,792 4,858 775 NA NA 775 5,633 438 

1956 823 2,409 1,880 5,112 739 NA NA 739 5,851 490 

1957 654 2,588 1,828 5,070 702 NA NA 702 5,772 535 1958 652 2,809 1,994 5,455 688 NA NA 688 6,143 578 

1959 573 3,015 1,989 5,577 647 NA NA 647 6,224 630 

1960 585 3,212 2,265 6,062 627 NA NA 627 6,689 687 1961 534 3,362 2,332 6,228 587 NA NA 587 6,815 732 

1962 512 3,600 2,441 6,553 560 NA NA 560 7,113 794 

1963 438 3,700 2,459 6,598 537 NA NA 537 7,135 856 1964 379 3,908 2,375 6,662 499 NA NA 499 7,161 928 

1965 358 4,028 2,481 6,866 468 NA NA 468 7,334 993 

1966 349 4,275 2,471 7,094 455 NA NA 455 7,549 1,081 1967 299 4,451 2,557 7,307 434 NA NA 434 7,741 1,160 

1968 269 4,588 2,685 7,543 426 NA NA 426 7,968 1,302 

1969 248 4,875 2,739 7,862 415 NA NA 415 8,277 1,456 1970 209 4,987 2,755 7,952 401 NA NA 401 8,353 1,591 

1971 175 5,126 2,777 8,078 382 NA NA 382 8,460 1,704 

1972 116 5,264 2,895 8,276 380 NA NA 380 8,655 1,838 1973 94 4,977 2,825 7,896 354 NA NA 354 8,250 1,976 

1974 82 4,901 2,573 7,557 371 NA NA 371 7,928 1,973 

1975 63 5,023 2,495 7,580 425 NA NA 425 8,006 2,007 1976 59 5,147 2,720 7,927 482 NA NA 482 8,408 2,069 

1977 57 4,913 2,695 7,666 542 NA NA 542 8,207 2,202 

1978 49 4,981 2,620 7,651 622 NA NA 622 8,272 2,301 1979 37 5,055 2,114 7,206 728 NA NA 728 7,934 2,330 

1980 31 4,866 1,748 6,645 859 NA NA 859 7,504 2,448 

1981 30 4,660 1,543 6,234 869 NA NA 869 7,103 2,464 1982 32 4,753 1,441 6,226 937 NA NA 937 7,163 2,489 

1983 31 4,516 1,362 5,909 925 NA NA 925 6,834 2,562 

1984 38 4,692 1,337 6,067 923 NA NA 923 6,990 2,662 1985 35 4,571 1,483 6,089 899 NA NA 899 6,988 2,709 

1986 35 4,439 1,457 5,931 876 NA NA 876 6,807 2,795 

1987 32 4,449 1,508 5,989 852 NA NA 852 6,841 2,902 1988 32 4,765 1,563 6,359 885 NA NA 885 7,244 3,046 

1989 28 4,929 1,560 R6,517 918 5 53 976 7,492 3,090 

1990 R28 4,523 R1,263 R5,814 581 6 56 642 R6,457 3,153 1991 23 4,697 1,293 R6,012 613 6 58 677 6,689 3,260 

1992 24 4,835 R1,311 R6,170 645 6 60 711 R6,882 3,193 

1993 24 5,095 R1,385 R6,504 548 7 62 616 R7,121 3,394 1994 21 4,988 R1,333 R6,342 537 6 64 607 R6,949 3,441 

1995 17 4,981 R1,356 R6,355 596 7 65 667 R7,022 3,557 

1996 17 5,383 R1,489 R6,888 595 7 R65 R667 R7,556 3,694 1997 16 5,118 R1,448 R6,582 433 R8 65 506 R7,088 3,671 

1998 R12 4,669 R1,322 R6,003 387 8 65 459 R6,462 3,856 

1999 14 4,858 R1,452 R6,324 414 R9 64 486 R6,810 3,906 2000 R11 R5,121 R1,493 R6,626 433 9 R61 503 R7,129 R4,069 

2001P 11 4,940 1,473 6,424 407 9 59 475 6,899 4,098 

1 Includes supplemental gaseous fuels. 2 Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy. 3 Solar thermal direct use and photovoltaic electricity generation. Includes small amounts of commercial

sector use. 4 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and other energy serviceproviders.

5 Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed b

energy content of electricity retail sales. Total losses are allocated each sector’s share of total electricity retail sales.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independeSources: Tables 2.1f, 5.12a, 6.5, 7.3, 8.5, 10.2a, A1, and A3-A6.
40 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Table 2.1c Commercial Sector Energy Consumption, 1949-2001 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Primary Consumption

Elec

Re

Sa

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy

Total

Coal Natural Gas Primary 1 Petroleum Total Hydropower 2 Wood Waste Geothermal 3 Total

1949 1,554 360 727 2,641 NA 20 NA NA 20 2,661 

1950 1,542 401 862 2,805 NA 19 NA NA 19 2,824 

1951 1,331 481 R922 R2,734 NA 18 NA NA 18 R2,752 1952 1,169 534 942 2,645 NA 17 NA NA 17 2,662 

1953 985 549 970 2,504 NA 16 NA NA 16 2,520 

1954 825 605 1,000 2,430 NA 15 NA NA 15 2,445 1955 801 651 1,081 2,533 NA 15 NA NA 15 2,548 

1956 730 742 1,122 2,594 NA 14 NA NA 14 2,608 

1957 535 803 1,083 2,421 NA 13 NA NA 13 2,434 1958 512 902 1,125 2,540 NA 13 NA NA 13 2,553 

1959 415 1,009 1,194 2,618 NA 12 NA NA 12 2,630 

1960 407 1,056 1,228 2,690 NA 12 NA NA 12 2,702 1961 371 1,115 1,247 2,733 NA 11 NA NA 11 2,744 

1962 371 1,249 1,280 2,899 NA 11 NA NA 11 2,910 

1963 317 1,307 1,262 2,887 NA 10 NA NA 10 2,897 1964 274 1,419 1,247 2,940 NA 9 NA NA 9 2,949 

1965 259 1,490 1,386 3,135 NA 9 NA NA 9 3,144 

1966 263 1,676 1,436 3,375 NA 9 NA NA 9 3,384 1967 225 2,022 1,483 3,730 NA 8 NA NA 8 3,738 

1968 203 2,140 1,510 3,853 NA 8 NA NA 8 3,861 1,

1969 195 2,323 1,520 4,038 NA 8 NA NA 8 4,046 1,1970 165 2,473 1,551 4,189 NA 8 NA NA 8 4,196 1,

1971 175 2,587 1,510 4,272 NA 7 NA NA 7 4,279 1,

1972 153 2,678 1,530 4,362 NA 7 NA NA 7 4,369 1,1973 160 2,649 1,565 4,374 NA 7 NA NA 7 4,381 1,

1974 175 2,617 1,423 4,214 NA 7 NA NA 7 4,221 1,

1975 147 2,558 1,310 4,015 NA 8 NA NA 8 4,023 1,1976 144 2,718 1,461 4,323 NA 9 NA NA 9 4,333 1,

1977 148 2,548 1,511 4,207 NA 10 NA NA 10 4,217 1,

1978 165 2,643 1,450 4,257 NA 12 NA NA 12 4,269 1,1979 149 2,836 1,334 4,319 NA 14 NA NA 14 4,333 1,

1980 115 2,674 1,287 4,076 NA 21 NA NA 21 4,097 1,

1981 137 2,583 1,090 3,810 NA 21 NA NA 21 3,831 2,1982 155 2,673 1,008 3,837 NA 22 NA NA 22 3,859 2,

1983 162 2,508 1,136 3,805 NA 22 NA NA 22 3,827 2,

1984 171 2,600 1,198 3,969 NA 22 NA NA 22 3,991 2,1985 141 2,508 1,039 3,688 NA 24 NA NA 24 3,712 2,

1986 141 2,386 1,099 3,625 NA 27 NA NA 27 3,652 2,

1987 129 2,505 1,079 3,714 NA 29 NA NA 29 3,743 2,1988 136 2,748 1,037 3,921 NA 32 NA NA 32 3,953 2,

1989 118 2,802 R973 R3,893 1 R36 22 3 R61 R3,954 2,

1990 R128 2,701 R913 R3,742 1 R39 28 3 R71 R3,813 2,1991 118 2,813 R859 R3,791 1 R41 26 3 R72 R3,862 2,

1992 118 2,890 R811 R3,818 1 R44 32 3 R81 R3,899 2,

1993 119 2,942 R749 R3,810 1 R46 33 3 R84 R3,894 3,1994 118 2,979 R747 R3,844 1 R46 35 4 R86 R3,930 3,

1995 117 3,113 R710 R3,940 1 R46 40 5 R92 R4,032 3,

1996 122 3,244 R742 R4,108 1 R50 53 5 R110 R4,218 3,1997 129 3,302 R703 R4,135 1 R49 58 6 R113 R4,248 3,

1998 R93 3,098 R658 R3,850 1 R48 54 7 R111 R3,961 3,

1999 103 3,130 R655 R3,887 1 R52 54 7 R114 R4,001 3,2000 R92 R3,301 R719 R4,112 1 R53 47 8 R109 R4,221 R3,

2001P 92 3,331 718 4,141 1 43 46 8 98 4,240 4,

1 Includes supplemental gaseous fuels. 2 Conventional hydroelectric power. 3 Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy. 4 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and other energy service

providers. 5 Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric power sector minus theenergy content of electricity retail sales. Total losses are allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to

each sector’s share of total electricity retail sales.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Notes: The commercial sector includes commercial combine

electricity-only plants. See Appendix G for commercial sector NA

of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Tables 2.1f, 5.12a, 6.5, 7.3, 8.5, 10.2a, A1, and A3-A6
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 2.1d Industrial Sector Energy Consumption, 1949-2001 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Primary Consumption

El

S

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy

Total

Coal Primary

Coal Coke

Net Imports

Natural

Gas 1 Petroleum Total Hydropower 2 Wood Waste Geothermal 3 Total

1949 5,433 -7 3,188 R3,468 R12,083 76 468 NA NA R544 R12,627 

1950 5,781 1 3,546 3,951 13,279 69 532 NA NA R602 R13,881 

1951 6,202 -21 4,052 4,270 R14,502 63 553 NA NA R616 R15,118 1952 5,517 -12 4,181 R4,363 R14,049 62 552 NA NA R613 R14,662 

1953 5,931 -9 4,304 R4,480 R14,706 57 566 NA NA R622 R15,328 

1954 4,730 -7 4,319 4,632 13,674 56 576 NA NA R632 R14,306 1955 5,620 -10 4,701 R5,111 15,421 38 631 NA NA R669 R16,091 

1956 5,667 -13 4,874 R5,336 R15,864 37 661 NA NA R698 R16,562 

1957 5,536 -17 5,107 R5,235 R15,861 36 616 NA NA R652 R16,513 1958 4,533 -7 5,208 5,408 R15,141 37 620 NA NA R657 R15,798 

1959 4,413 -8 5,647 R5,739 R15,790 37 692 NA NA R729 R16,519 

1960 4,543 -6 5,973 R5,747 R16,258 39 680 NA NA R719 R16,977 1961 4,345 -8 6,170 R5,755 R16,262 36 695 NA NA R731 R16,993 

1962 4,385 -6 6,451 5,996 16,826 36 728 NA NA R764 R17,590 

1963 4,590 -7 6,748 R6,227 17,557 34 775 NA NA R809 R18,366 1964 4,915 -10 7,114 R6,548 R18,566 34 827 NA NA R861 R19,427 

1965 5,127 -18 7,339 6,789 19,236 33 855 NA NA R888 R20,124 

1966 5,215 -25 7,795 R7,110 R20,095 33 902 NA NA R935 R21,030 1967 4,934 -15 8,043 R7,120 R20,082 36 895 NA NA R930 R21,013 

1968 4,855 -17 8,626 R7,391 R20,855 35 982 NA NA R1,017 R21,872 

1969 4,712 -36 9,234 R7,696 R21,605 34 1,014 NA NA R1,048 R22,654 1970 4,656 -58 9,536 R7,787 R21,922 34 1,019 NA NA R1,053 R22,975 

1971 3,944 -33 9,892 R7,856 R21,659 34 1,040 NA NA R1,074 R22,732 

1972 3,993 -26 9,884 8,534 R22,385 34 1,113 NA NA R1,147 R23,532 1973 4,057 -7 10,388 R9,104 R23,541 35 1,165 NA NA R1,200 R24,741 

1974 3,870 56 10,004 8,694 22,624 33 1,159 NA NA R1,192 R23,816 

1975 3,667 14 8,532 R8,146 R20,359 32 1,063 NA NA R1,096 R21,454 1976 3,661 (s) 8,762 R9,010 R21,432 33 1,220 NA NA R1,253 R22,685 

1977 3,454 15 8,635 R9,774 R21,879 33 1,281 NA NA R1,314 R23,193 

1978 3,314 125 8,539 R9,867 R21,845 32 1,400 NA NA R1,432 R23,276 1979 3,593 63 8,549 R10,568 R22,773 34 1,405 NA NA R1,439 R24,211 

1980 3,155 -35 8,395 R9,525 R21,040 33 1,600 NA NA R1,633 R22,673 

1981 3,157 -16 8,257 R8,285 R19,682 33 1,602 87 NA R1,722 R21,404 1982 2,552 -22 7,121 7,795 17,446 33 1,516 118 NA R1,667 R19,113 

1983 2,490 -16 6,826 R7,420 R16,720 33 1,690 155 NA R1,879 R18,598 

1984 2,842 -11 7,448 R8,014 R18,292 33 1,679 204 NA R1,916 R20,208 1985 2,760 -13 7,080 R7,805 R17,632 33 1,645 230 NA R1,908 R19,540 

1986 2,641 -17 6,690 R7,920 R17,234 33 1,610 256 NA R1,899 R19,133 

1987 2,673 9 7,323 R8,151 R18,155 33 1,576 282 NA R1,891 R20,046 1988 2,828 40 7,696 R8,430 R18,993 33 1,625 308 NA R1,965 R20,958 

1989 2,787 30 8,131 R8,126 R19,074 P26 R1,584 R200 2 R1,812 R20,886 

1990 2,756 5 8,502 R8,306 R19,569 P28 R1,447 R194 2 R1,671 R21,240 1991 2,601 10 8,619 R8,047 R19,277 P28 R1,410 R185 2 R1,625 R20,901 

1992 2,515 35 8,967 R8,617 R20,133 P31 R1,461 R179 2 R1,672 R21,806 

1993 2,496 27 R9,120 R8,399 R20,042 P30 R1,484 R181 2 R1,697 R21,740 1994 2,510 58 R9,172 R8,792 R20,532 P62 R1,580 R199 3 R1,844 R22,376 

1995 2,488 61 R9,637 R8,552 R20,739 P55 R1,652 R195 3 R1,905 R22,643 

1996 2,434 R35 R9,947 R8,989 R21,405 P61 R1,683 R224 3 R1,971 R23,376 1997 2,395 R57 R9,976 R9,215 R21,643 P58 R1,731 R184 3 R1,976 R23,619 

1998 2,335 R80 R9,806 R9,017 R21,238 P55 R1,603 R180 3 R1,841 R23,080 

1999 R2,227 R70 R9,415 R9,284 R20,995 P49 R1,606 R171 4 R1,830 R22,825 2000 R2,256 R77 R9,628 R9,076 R21,038 P42 R1,636 R186 4 R1,869 R22,907 R

2001P 2,137 43 8,913 8,722 19,814 37 1,580 194 5 1,816 21,630 

1 Includes supplemental gaseous fuels. 2 Conventional hydroelectric power. 3 Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy. 4 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and other energy service

providers. 5 Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric power sector minus theenergy content of electricity retail sales. Total losses are allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to

each sector’s share of total electricity retail sales.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 

trillion Btu.

Notes: The industrial sector includes industrial combine

electricity-only plants. See Appendix G for industrial sector NAICS components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Tables 2.1f, 5.12b, 6.5, 7.3, 8.5, 10.2a, A1, and A3-A6
42 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Table 2.1e Transportation Sector Energy Consumption, 1949-2001 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Primary Consumption

Electricity

Retail

Sales 3

Electrica

System

Energy

Losses 4 

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy

Total

Primary Coal Natural Gas 1 Petroleum Total Alcohol Fuels 2 2

1949 1,727 NA 6,152 7,880 NA 7,880 22 R89 

1950 1,564 130 6,690 8,384 NA 8,384 23 R86 

1951 1,379 199 7,356 8,934 NA 8,934 24 R85 1952 984 214 7,709 8,907 NA 8,907 22 R74 

1953 733 238 R8,059 9,031 NA 9,031 22 R71 

1954 461 239 8,123 8,823 NA 8,823 20 R60 1955 421 254 R8,800 R9,475 NA R9,475 20 R56 

1956 340 306 9,145 R9,791 NA R9,791 19 51 

1957 241 310 9,286 9,837 NA 9,837 16 44 1958 115 323 9,514 R9,953 NA R9,953 15 38 

1959 88 362 9,849 R10,298 NA R10,298 14 37 

1960 75 359 R10,126 R10,560 NA R10,560 10 26 1961 19 391 R10,325 R10,735 NA R10,735 10 25 

1962 17 396 R10,773 R11,186 NA R11,186 10 R24 

1963 16 437 R11,168 11,621 NA 11,621 10 24 1964 17 450 R11,498 R11,965 NA R11,965 10 24 

1965 16 517 R11,868 12,400 NA 12,400 10 24 

1966 15 553 12,501 13,069 NA 13,069 10 23 1967 11 594 R13,113 R13,718 NA R13,718 10 24 

1968 10 609 R14,212 R14,831 NA R14,831 10 24 

1969 7 651 R14,813 R15,471 NA R15,471 10 25 1970 7 745 R15,310 R16,061 NA R16,061 11 26 

1971 5 766 15,923 16,693 NA 16,693 10 25 

1972 4 787 R16,891 R17,681 NA R17,681 10 25 1973 3 743 R17,831 R18,576 NA R18,576 11 25 

1974 2 685 R17,399 R18,086 NA R18,086 10 24 

1975 1 595 R17,614 R18,209 NA R18,209 10 R24 1976 (s) 559 18,506 19,065 NA 19,065 10 24 1977 (s) 543 R19,241 R19,784 NA R19,784 10 25 1978 5 ( ) 539 R20,041 R20,580 NA R20,580 10 25 1979 5 ( ) 612 R19,825 R20,436 NA R20,436 10 24 

1980 5 ( ) 650 R19,008 R19,658 NA R19,658 11 27 

1981 5 ( ) 658 R18,811 R19,469 7 R19,469 11 26 1982 5 ( ) 612 R18,420 R19,032 19 R19,032 11 27 

1983 5 ( ) 505 R18,593 R19,098 35 R19,098 13 30 

1984 5 ( ) 545 R19,216 R19,761 43 R19,761 14 33 1985 5 ( ) 519 R19,504 R20,023 52 R20,023 14 33 

1986 5 ( ) 499 20,269 20,768 60 20,768 15 35 

1987 5 ( ) 535 20,870 21,405 69 21,405 16 R35 1988 5 ( ) 632 21,629 22,261 70 22,261 16 36 

1989 5 ( ) 649 R21,849 R22,497 71 R22,497 16 R38 

1990 5 ( ) 680 R21,792 R22,472 63 R22,472 16 R37 1991 5 ( ) 620 R21,448 R22,069 73 R22,069 16 R37 

1992 5 ( ) R608 R21,798 R22,406 83 R22,406 16 R37 

1993 5 ( ) R644 R22,185 R22,829 97 R22,829 16 R37 1994 5 ( ) R708 R22,739 R23,448 109 R23,448 17 R39 

1995 5 ( ) R723 R23,181 R23,904 117 R23,904 17 R39 

1996 5 ( ) R736 R23,719 R24,456 84 R24,456 17 R39 1997 5 ( ) R779 R23,973 R24,752 106 R24,752 17 R38 

1998 5 ( ) R665 R24,630 R25,295 117 R25,295 17 R39 

1999 5 ( ) R674 R25,358 R26,031 122 R26,031 17 40 2000 5 ( ) R672 R25,971 R26,643 139 R26,643 18 R42 

2001P 5 ( ) 642 26,040 26,682 147 26,682 20 44 

1 Natural gas consumed in the operation of pipelines (primarily in compressors) and small amounts

consumed as vehicle fuel. See Table 6.5. 2 Alcohol (ethanol blended into motor gasoline) is included in both "Petroleum" and "Alcohol Fuels," butis counted only once in both total primary consumption and total consumption. 3 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and other energy serviceproviders. 4 Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric power sector minus the

energy content of electricity retail sales. Total losses are allocated to the eeach sector’s share of total electricity retail sales. 5 Since 1978, the small amounts of coal consumed for transportation a

consumption.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion BNote: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent roundSources: Tables 2.1f, 5.12c, 6.5, 7.3, 8.5, 10.2a, A1, and A3-A6.
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 2.1f Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption, 1949-2001 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Primary Consumption

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage 3

Renewable Energy

Coal 

Natural

Gas 1 Petroleum Other 2 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power 4 Wood Waste Geothermal 5 Solar W

1949 1,995 569 415 6 ( ) 2,979 0 6 ( ) 1,373 6 NA NA NA 

1950 2,199 651 472 6 ( ) 3,322 0 6 ( ) 1,371 5 NA NA NA 

1951 2,507 791 400 6 ( ) 3,697 0 6 ( ) 1,391 5 NA NA NA 1952 2,557 942 420 6 ( ) 3,920 0 6 ( ) 1,435 6 NA NA NA 

1953 2,777 1,070 514 6 ( ) 4,362 0 6 ( ) 1,382 5 NA NA NA 

1954 2,841 1,206 417 6 ( ) 4,464 0 6 ( ) 1,333 3 NA NA NA 1955 3,458 1,194 471 6 ( ) 5,123 0 6 ( ) 1,369 3 NA NA NA 

1956 3,790 1,283 455 6 ( ) 5,527 0 6 ( ) 1,450 2 NA NA NA 

1957 3,855 1,383 498 6 ( ) 5,737 (s) 6 ( ) 1,521 2 NA NA NA 1958 3,721 1,421 486 6 ( ) 5,628 2 6 ( ) 1,592 2 NA NA NA 

1959 4,029 1,686 552 6 ( ) 6,267 2 6 ( ) 1,550 2 NA NA NA 

1960 4,228 1,785 553 6 ( ) 6,565 6 6 ( ) 1,618 2 NA 1 NA 1961 4,355 1,889 557 6 ( ) 6,801 20 6 ( ) 1,645 1 NA 2 NA 

1962 4,622 2,035 560 6 ( ) 7,217 26 6 ( ) 1,786 1 NA 2 NA 

1963 5,050 2,211 585 6 ( ) 7,846 38 6 ( ) 1,738 1 NA 4 NA 1964 5,380 2,397 634 6 ( ) 8,411 40 6 ( ) 1,873 2 NA 5 NA 

1965 5,821 2,395 722 6 ( ) 8,938 43 6 ( ) 2,025 3 NA 4 NA 

1966 6,302 2,696 883 6 ( ) 9,881 64 6 ( ) 2,040 3 NA 4 NA 1967 6,445 2,834 1,011 6 ( ) 10,290 88 6 ( ) 2,308 3 NA 7 NA 

1968 6,994 3,245 1,181 6 ( ) 11,421 142 6 ( ) 2,307 4 NA 9 NA 

1969 7,219 3,596 1,571 6 ( ) 12,386 154 6 ( ) 2,625 3 NA 13 NA 1970 7,227 4,054 2,117 6 ( ) 13,399 239 6 ( ) 2,620 1 2 11 NA 

1971 7,299 4,099 2,495 6 ( ) 13,893 413 6 ( ) 2,827 1 2 12 NA 

1972 7,811 4,084 3,097 6 ( ) 14,992 584 6 ( ) 2,909 1 2 31 NA 1973 8,658 3,748 3,515 6 ( ) 15,921 910 6 ( ) 2,975 1 2 43 NA 

1974 8,534 3,519 3,365 6 ( ) 15,418 1,272 6 ( ) 3,276 1 2 53 NA 

1975 8,786 3,240 3,166 6 ( ) 15,191 1,900 6 ( ) 3,187 (s) 2 70 NA 1976 9,720 3,152 3,477 6 ( ) 16,349 2,111 6 ( ) 3,032 1 2 78 NA 

1977 10,262 3,284 3,901 6 ( ) 17,446 2,702 6 ( ) 2,482 3 2 77 NA 

1978 10,238 3,297 3,987 6 ( ) 17,522 3,024 6 ( ) 3,110 2 1 64 NA 1979 11,260 3,613 3,283 6 ( ) 18,156 2,776 6 ( ) 3,107 3 2 84 NA 

1980 12,123 3,810 2,634 6 ( ) 18,567 2,739 6 ( ) 3,085 3 2 110 NA 

1981 12,583 3,768 2,202 6 ( ) 18,553 3,008 6 ( ) 3,072 3 1 123 NA 1982 12,582 3,342 1,568 6 ( ) 17,491 3,131 6 ( ) 3,539 2 1 105 NA 

1983 13,213 2,998 1,544 6 ( ) 17,754 3,203 6 ( ) 3,866 2 2 129 NA 

1984 14,019 3,220 1,286 6 ( ) 18,526 3,553 6 ( ) 3,767 5 4 165 (s) 1985 14,542 3,160 1,090 6 ( ) 18,792 4,076 6 ( ) 3,365 8 7 198 (s) 

1986 14,444 2,691 1,452 6 ( ) 18,586 4,380 6 ( ) 3,413 5 7 219 (s) 

1987 15,173 2,935 1,257 6 ( ) 19,365 4,754 6 ( ) 3,084 8 7 229 (s) 1988 15,850 2,709 1,563 6 ( ) 20,123 5,587 6 ( ) 2,630 10 8 217 (s) 1989P,7 R16,118 3,192 1,703 -50 20,963 5,602 6 ( ) R2,961 100 132 R308 3 1990P R16,245 3,321 1,278 -80 20,764 6,104 -36 R3,098 124 187 R327 4 1991P R16,250 3,399 1,198 59 20,906 6,422 -47 R3,110 126 229 R340 5 

1992P R16,466 3,534 991 53 21,043 6,479 -43 R2,786 140 262 R356 4 

1993P R17,196 3,560 1,124 50 21,930 6,410 -42 R3,088 150 265 R369 5 1994P R17,261 4,000 1,059 140 22,460 6,694 -35 R2,929 152 282 R352 5 

1995P R17,466 4,325 755 121 22,667 7,075 -28 R3,424 125 296 R298 5 

1996P R18,429 3,883 817 109 23,239 7,087 -32 R3,827 138 300 R314 5 1997P R18,905 4,146 927 R107 24,085 6,597 -41 R3,821 137 309 R309 5 

1998P R19,216 4,698 1,306 R47 25,267 7,068 -46 R3,462 137 308 R311 5 

1999P R19,279 4,926 1,211 R91 25,507 7,610 -62 R3,422 138 315 R312 5 2000P R20,220 5,316 1,144 R82 26,762 7,862 -57 R3,033 134 318 R296 5 

2001P 19,689 5,397 1,280 49 26,415 8,028 -90 2,338 140 311 292 5 

1 Includes supplemental gaseous fuels. 2 Electricity net imports from fossil fuels; may include some nuclear-generated electricity. 3 Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping. 4 Through 1988, includes all electricity net imports. Beginning in 1989, includes electricity net imports

derived from hydroelectric power only. 5 Beginning in 1989, includes electricity imports from Mexico that are derived from geothermal energy. 6 Included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power." 7 Through 1988, data are for consumption at electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data also include

consumption at independent power producers.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 Notes: Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity and 

power sector (electric utilities and independent power produccombined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants whose primary business is tto the public—i.e., NAICS 22 plants. Totals may not equal sum rounding.

Sources: Tables 5.12d, 6.5, 7.3, 10.2b, A1, and A4-A6.
44 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be comSources: Tables 2.2a, 2.2b, and 2.2c.

Figure 2.2 Consumption for Electricity Generation

Total and Energy Categories, 1949-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

10203040

Quadrillion Btu

By Major Fuel, 1949-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

06

121824

Quadrillion Btu

Renewable Energy Natural Gas Petroleum

Coal

Nuclear Electric 

Power

Electric

Power

Gas electric

Power1

eum 

Renewable Energy

Nuclear Electric 

Power

Total Energy

Fossil Fuels

1 Conventional hydroelectric power and pumped storage.2 Other gases, solar, wind, batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, 

and miscellaneous technologies.

3 Combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of electricity-only plants.

By Sector, 1989-2001

1990 1992 1994 1996 

0

10203040

Quadrillion Btu

Electric Power Sector

Commercia

Industrial3

By Major Fuel, 2001

Coal Nuclear Natural Hydro- Petrol- Wood W

06

121824

19.9

8.0

5.8

2.1 1.4 0.5 

Quadrillion Btu
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 2.2a Consumption for Electricity Generation: Total (All Sectors), 1949-2001 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage 5

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power Wood 6 Waste 7 Geothermal Solar 8 Wind 

1949 1,995 415 569 NA 2,979 0 10 ( ) 1,425 6 NA NA NA NA 

1950 2,199 472 651 NA 3,322 0 10 ( ) 1,415 5 NA NA NA NA 

1951 2,507 400 791 NA 3,697 0 10 ( ) 1,424 5 NA NA NA NA 1952 2,557 420 942 NA 3,920 0 10 ( ) 1,466 6 NA NA NA NA 

1953 2,777 514 1,070 NA 4,362 0 10 ( ) 1,413 5 NA NA NA NA 

1954 2,841 417 1,206 NA 4,464 0 10 ( ) 1,360 3 NA NA NA NA 1955 3,458 471 1,194 NA 5,123 0 10 ( ) 1,360 3 NA NA NA NA 

1956 3,790 455 1,283 NA 5,527 0 10 ( ) 1,435 2 NA NA NA NA 

1957 3,855 498 1,383 NA 5,737 (s) 10 ( ) 1,516 2 NA NA NA NA 1958 3,721 486 1,421 NA 5,628 2 10 ( ) 1,592 2 NA NA NA NA 

1959 4,029 552 1,686 NA 6,267 2 10 ( ) 1,548 2 NA NA NA NA 

1960 4,228 553 1,785 NA 6,565 6 10 ( ) 1,608 2 NA 1 NA NA 1961 4,355 557 1,889 NA 6,801 20 10 ( ) 1,656 1 NA 2 NA NA 

1962 4,622 560 2,035 NA 7,217 26 10 ( ) 1,816 1 NA 2 NA NA 

1963 5,050 585 2,211 NA 7,846 38 10 ( ) 1,771 1 NA 4 NA NA 1964 5,380 634 2,397 NA 8,411 40 10 ( ) 1,886 2 NA 5 NA NA 

1965 5,821 722 2,395 NA 8,938 43 10 ( ) 2,059 3 NA 4 NA NA 

1966 6,302 883 2,696 NA 9,881 64 10 ( ) 2,062 3 NA 4 NA NA 1967 6,445 1,011 2,834 NA 10,290 88 10 ( ) 2,347 3 NA 7 NA NA 

1968 6,994 1,181 3,245 NA 11,421 142 10 ( ) 2,349 4 NA 9 NA NA 

1969 7,219 1,571 3,596 NA 12,386 154 10 ( ) 2,648 3 NA 13 NA NA 1970 7,227 2,117 4,054 NA 13,399 239 10 ( ) 2,634 1 2 11 NA NA 

1971 7,299 2,495 4,099 NA 13,893 413 10 ( ) 2,824 1 2 12 NA NA 

1972 7,811 3,097 4,084 NA 14,992 584 10 ( ) 2,864 1 2 31 NA NA 1973 8,658 3,515 3,748 NA 15,921 910 10 ( ) 2,861 1 2 43 NA NA 

1974 8,534 3,365 3,519 NA 15,418 1,272 10 ( ) 3,177 1 2 53 NA NA 

1975 8,786 3,166 3,240 NA 15,191 1,900 10 ( ) 3,155 (s) 2 70 NA NA 1976 9,720 3,477 3,152 NA 16,349 2,111 10 ( ) 2,976 1 2 78 NA NA 

1977 10,262 3,901 3,284 NA 17,446 2,702 10 ( ) 2,333 3 2 77 NA NA 

1978 10,238 3,987 3,297 NA 17,522 3,024 10 ( ) 2,937 2 1 64 NA NA 1979 11,260 3,283 3,613 NA 18,156 2,776 10 ( ) 2,931 3 2 84 NA NA 

1980 12,123 2,634 3,810 NA 18,567 2,739 10 ( ) 2,900 3 2 110 NA NA 

1981 12,583 2,202 3,768 NA 18,553 3,008 10 ( ) 2,758 3 1 123 NA NA 1982 12,582 1,568 3,342 NA 17,491 3,131 10 ( ) 3,266 2 1 105 NA NA 

1983 13,213 1,544 2,998 NA 17,754 3,203 10 ( ) 3,527 2 2 129 NA (s) 

1984 14,019 1,286 3,220 NA 18,526 3,553 10 ( ) 3,386 5 4 165 (s) (s) 1985 14,542 1,090 3,160 NA 18,792 R4,076 10 ( ) 2,970 8 7 198 (s) (s) 

1986 14,444 1,452 2,691 NA 18,586 R4,380 10 ( ) 3,071 5 7 219 (s) (s) 

1987 15,173 1,257 2,935 NA 19,365 R4,754 10 ( ) 2,635 8 7 229 (s) (s) 1988 15,850 1,563 2,709 NA 20,123 R5,587 10 ( ) 2,334 10 8 217 (s) (s) 1989P,11 R16,340 R1,756 R3,581 90 R21,768 R5,602 10 ( ) R2,828 345 151 R296 R3 R19 1990P R16,443 R1,345 R3,752 106 R21,646 R6,104 -36 R3,030 402 210 R315 R4 R24 1991P R16,460 R1,276 R3,861 125 R21,723 R6,422 -47 R3,001 425 247 R325 R5 R27 

1992P R16,686 R1,076 R3,999 141 R21,903 R6,479 -43 2,617 481 283 R338 R4 30 

1993P R17,424 R1,203 R4,027 136 R22,790 R6,410 -42 2,892 485 288 R351 R5 31 1994P R17,485 R1,135 R4,476 136 R23,233 R6,694 -35 R2,683 498 301 R325 R5 36 

1995P R17,687 R813 R4,840 133 R23,473 R7,075 -28 R3,205 480 316 R280 R5 33 

1996P R18,650 R888 R4,400 159 R24,097 R7,087 -32 R3,590 513 324 R300 R5 R33 1997P R19,128 R985 R4,658 119 R24,890 R6,597 R-41 R3,640 484 339 R309 R5 R34 

1998P R19,417 R1,378 R5,205 125 R26,124 R7,068 -46 R3,297 475 332 R311 R5 31 

1999P R19,467 R1,285 R5,441 126 R26,320 R7,610 R-62 R3,268 490 332 R312 R5 46 2000P R20,411 R1,212 R5,818 126 R27,567 R7,862 R-57 R2,811 496 330 R296 R5 R57 

2001E 19,875 1,352 5,840 127 27,193 8,028 -90 2,219 483 325 290 5 59 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, including a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping. 6 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 7 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy. 9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies. 10 Included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power." 11 Hydroelectric data through 1988 are for consumption at elect

beginning in 1989, data also include consumption at independent powFor all other series, data through 1988 are for consumption at electric also include consumption at independent power producers, commerci

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. (s)=LNotes: Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity; they 

useful thermal output. Consumption for electricity generation at comestimated. Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepe

Sources: Tables 2.2b, 2.2c, and 10.2a.
46 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Table 2.2b Consumption for Electricity Generation: Electric Power Sector, 1949-2001 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage 5

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power Wood 6 Waste 7 Geothermal Solar 8 Wind 

1949 1,995 415 569 NA 2,979 0 10 ( ) 1,349 6 NA NA NA NA 

1950 2,199 472 651 NA 3,322 0 10 ( ) 1,346 5 NA NA NA NA 

1951 2,507 400 791 NA 3,697 0 10 ( ) 1,361 5 NA NA NA NA 1952 2,557 420 942 NA 3,920 0 10 ( ) 1,404 6 NA NA NA NA 

1953 2,777 514 1,070 NA 4,362 0 10 ( ) 1,356 5 NA NA NA NA 

1954 2,841 417 1,206 NA 4,464 0 10 ( ) 1,304 3 NA NA NA NA 1955 3,458 471 1,194 NA 5,123 0 10 ( ) 1,322 3 NA NA NA NA 

1956 3,790 455 1,283 NA 5,527 0 10 ( ) 1,398 2 NA NA NA NA 

1957 3,855 498 1,383 NA 5,737 (s) 10 ( ) 1,480 2 NA NA NA NA 1958 3,721 486 1,421 NA 5,628 2 10 ( ) 1,555 2 NA NA NA NA 

1959 4,029 552 1,686 NA 6,267 2 10 ( ) 1,511 2 NA NA NA NA 

1960 4,228 553 1,785 NA 6,565 6 10 ( ) 1,569 2 NA 1 NA NA 1961 4,355 557 1,889 NA 6,801 20 10 ( ) 1,621 1 NA 2 NA NA 

1962 4,622 560 2,035 NA 7,217 26 10 ( ) 1,780 1 NA 2 NA NA 

1963 5,050 585 2,211 NA 7,846 38 10 ( ) 1,737 1 NA 4 NA NA 1964 5,380 634 2,397 NA 8,411 40 10 ( ) 1,853 2 NA 5 NA NA 

1965 5,821 722 2,395 NA 8,938 43 10 ( ) 2,026 3 NA 4 NA NA 

1966 6,302 883 2,696 NA 9,881 64 10 ( ) 2,028 3 NA 4 NA NA 1967 6,445 1,011 2,834 NA 10,290 88 10 ( ) 2,311 3 NA 7 NA NA 

1968 6,994 1,181 3,245 NA 11,421 142 10 ( ) 2,313 4 NA 9 NA NA 

1969 7,219 1,571 3,596 NA 12,386 154 10 ( ) 2,614 3 NA 13 NA NA 1970 7,227 2,117 4,054 NA 13,399 239 10 ( ) 2,600 1 2 11 NA NA 

1971 7,299 2,495 4,099 NA 13,893 413 10 ( ) 2,790 1 2 12 NA NA 

1972 7,811 3,097 4,084 NA 14,992 584 10 ( ) 2,829 1 2 31 NA NA 1973 8,658 3,515 3,748 NA 15,921 910 10 ( ) 2,827 1 2 43 NA NA 

1974 8,534 3,365 3,519 NA 15,418 1,272 10 ( ) 3,143 1 2 53 NA NA 

1975 8,786 3,166 3,240 NA 15,191 1,900 10 ( ) 3,122 (s) 2 70 NA NA 1976 9,720 3,477 3,152 NA 16,349 2,111 10 ( ) 2,943 1 2 78 NA NA 

1977 10,262 3,901 3,284 NA 17,446 2,702 10 ( ) 2,301 3 2 77 NA NA 

1978 10,238 3,987 3,297 NA 17,522 3,024 10 ( ) 2,905 2 1 64 NA NA 1979 11,260 3,283 3,613 NA 18,156 2,776 10 ( ) 2,897 3 2 84 NA NA 

1980 12,123 2,634 3,810 NA 18,567 2,739 10 ( ) 2,867 3 2 110 NA NA 

1981 12,583 2,202 3,768 NA 18,553 3,008 10 ( ) 2,725 3 1 123 NA NA 1982 12,582 1,568 3,342 NA 17,491 3,131 10 ( ) 3,233 2 1 105 NA NA 

1983 13,213 1,544 2,998 NA 17,754 3,203 10 ( ) 3,494 2 2 129 NA (s) 

1984 14,019 1,286 3,220 NA 18,526 3,553 10 ( ) 3,353 5 4 165 (s) (s) 1985 14,542 1,090 3,160 NA 18,792 R4,076 10 ( ) 2,937 8 7 198 (s) (s) 

1986 14,444 1,452 2,691 NA 18,586 R4,380 10 ( ) 3,038 5 7 219 (s) (s) 

1987 15,173 1,257 2,935 NA 19,365 R4,754 10 ( ) 2,602 8 7 229 (s) (s) 1988 15,850 1,563 2,709 NA 20,123 R5,587 10 ( ) 2,302 10 8 217 (s) (s) 1989P,11 16,102 1,696 3,107 7 20,911 R5,602 10 ( ) 2,801 75 126 R296 R3 R19 1990P 16,222 1,271 3,224 6 20,723 R6,104 -36 3,000 101 179 R315 R4 R24 1991P 16,223 1,199 3,296 6 20,725 R6,422 -47 2,972 104 217 R325 R5 R27 

1992P 16,431 990 3,407 12 20,840 R6,479 -43 2,586 120 252 R338 R4 30 

1993P 17,159 1,122 3,426 12 21,719 R6,410 -42 2,861 129 255 R351 R5 31 1994P 17,215 1,056 3,851 12 22,134 R6,694 -35 2,620 134 269 R325 R5 36 

1995P 17,416 743 4,179 18 22,356 R7,075 -28 3,149 106 282 R280 R5 33 

1996P 18,375 810 3,730 16 22,930 R7,087 -32 3,528 117 280 R300 R5 R33 1997P 18,855 917 3,981 14 23,768 R6,597 R-41 3,581 117 292 R309 R5 R34 

1998P 19,162 1,306 4,520 23 25,011 R7,068 -46 3,241 125 287 R311 R5 31 

1999P 19,214 1,211 4,742 14 25,181 R7,610 R-62 3,218 125 290 R312 R5 46 2000P 20,153 1,145 5,120 19 26,438 R7,862 R-57 2,768 126 294 R296 R5 R57 

2001P 19,620 1,281 5,170 23 26,094 8,028 -90 2,181 130 288 290 5 59 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, including a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping. 6 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 7 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy. 9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies. 10 Included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power." 11 Through 1988, data are for consumption at electric utilities only

consumption at independent power producers. R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 

Notes: Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity; the

useful thermal output. Consumption for electricity generation at comestimated. The electric power sector (electric utilities and inde

electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants whose pelectricity and heat, to the public—i.e., NAICS 22 plants. Totals m

to independent rounding. Sources: See sources for Tables 8.2b, 8.2c, 8.3b, 8.3c, and A3-A
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 2.2c Consumption for Electricity Generation: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2001 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power Wood 5 Waste 6 Total

Commercial Sector 8

1989P 9 7 18 1 36 1 2 9 12 

1990P 9 5 27 1 43 1 1 15 18 

1991P 9 3 28 1 41 1 2 15 18 1992P 8 3 33 1 45 1 1 16 19 

1993P 9 4 38 1 53 1 1 16 18 

1994P 9 4 42 1 56 1 1 17 19 1995P 12 4 44 0 60 1 1 21 23 

1996P 14 4 44 0 62 1 1 31 33 

1997P 14 5 40 (s) 59 1 1 34 35 1998P 11 5 42 (s) 57 1 1 32 34 

1999P 12 6 40 0 57 1 (s) 33 35 

2000P 12 5 38 0 55 1 (s) 26 28 2001E 12 4 36 0 52 1 (s) 26 27 

Industrial Sector 9

1989P 229 53 456 83 821 R26 267 15 309 

1990P 213 68 500 99 880 R28 299 16 344 

1991P 228 74 537 118 957 R28 318 14 361 1992P 246 84 559 128 1,017 R31 359 15 405 

1993P 256 77 562 123 1,019 R30 355 17 401 

1994P 261 75 584 123 1,043 R62 364 14 440 1995P 259 66 617 114 1,057 R55 373 13 440 

1996P 261 74 626 143 1,104 R61 394 13 468 

1997P 260 63 637 105 1,064 R58 367 14 439 1998P 245 67 643 102 1,056 R55 349 13 417 

1999P 242 68 660 112 1,081 R49 364 8 422 

2000P 245 61 660 107 1,074 R42 369 10 421 2001E 243 66 634 104 1,047 37 354 11 402 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, including a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 6 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 7 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies. 8 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants. See Appendix G for commercial sector NAICS codes. 9 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial elect

industrial sector NAICS codes. R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion 

Notes: Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity; the

useful thermal output. Consumption for electricity generation at comestimated. Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepe

Sources: See sources for Tables 8.2c and 8.3c.
48 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

See Table 2.3 for Major Group titles of industries that corresp

codes.

(s) = Less than 0.5 quadrillion Btu.Source: Table 2.3.

1 Liquefied petroleum gas and natural gas liquids.2 Includes all other types of energy that respondents indicated were consumed.3 Energy sources produced onsite from the use of other energy sources but sold to another 

entity.

Figure 2.3 Manufacturing Total First Use of Energy for All Purposes, 1998

By North American Industry Classification System (NAICS )

311 312 313 314 315 316 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 331 332 333 334 335 

02468

10

1.0

0.1 0.3 0.1 0.5

2.7

0.1

7.3

6.1

0.3

1.0

2.6

0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 

Quadrillion Btu

Gas Electricity Fuel Oil Fuel Oil

4

4

(s) (s)

By Energy Source

Natural Net LPG and NGL1 Coal Coke and Breeze Residual Distillate Other2 

02468

10

7.4

3.0

1.9 1.8

0.5 0.4 0.1

9.0

Quadrillion Btu
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 2.3 Manufacturing Total First Use of Energy for All Purposes, 1998 (Trillion Btu )

NAICS 1

Code Major Group Coal

Coke and

Breeze Natural Gas

Distillate

Fuel Oil

LPG

and

NGL 2

Residual

Fuel Oil

Net

Electricity 3 Ot

 311 Food ................................................................................. 129 2 568 16 5 14 213  312 Beverage and Tobacco Products ..................................... 29 0 45 2 1 2 24  313 Textile Mills ....................................................................... 20 0 103 4 2 12 102  314 Textile Product Mills ......................................................... 3 0 25 Q (s) 3 18  315 Apparel ............................................................................. 1 0 23 1 1 2 18  316 Leather and Allied Products ............................................. 0 0 4 (s) (s) (s) 3  321 Wood Products ................................................................. 2 0 73 13 4 1 72  322 Paper ................................................................................ 277 0 586 9 5 151 240 1 323 Printing and Related Support ........................................... (s) 0 44 (s) 1 (s) 51  324 Petroleum and Coal Products ........................................... 12 0 1,007 28 39 72 126 6 325 Chemicals ......................................................................... 300 7 2,709 10 1,796 98 577  326 Plastics and Rubber Products .......................................... 3 0 126 1 5 5 183  327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products ........................................... 284 11 444 17 3 4 134  331 Primary Metals .................................................................. 715 437 933 9 3 30 545  332 Fabricated Metal Products ................................................ 3 3 241 6 5 2 176  333 Machinery ......................................................................... 6 0 99 3 3 1 96  334 Computer and Electronic Products ................................... (s) 0 64 1 (s) 1 137  335 Electrical Equipment, Appliances, and Components ........ 1 (s) 53 1 2 1 55  336 Transportation Equipment ................................................ 29 1 212 15 4 5 195  337 Furniture and Related Products ........................................ 2 0 27 1 1 (s) 30  339 Miscellaneous ................................................................... (s) 0 40 2 1 1 40  — Total Manufacturing .......................................................... 1,814 461 7,426 142 1,882 406 3,035 8

1 The Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system has been replaced by the North American Industry

Classification System (NAICS). 2 Liquefied petroleum gases and natural gas liquids. 3 "Net Electricity" is obtained by summing purchases, transfers in, and generation from noncombustiblerenewable resources, minus quantities sold and transferred out. It excludes electricity generated fromcombustible fuels. 4 Includes all other types of energy that respondents indicated were consumed. 5 Energy sources produced onsite from the use of other energy sources but sold or transferred toanother entity. 6 The sum of net electricity, residual and distillate fuel oil, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, naturalgas liquids, coal, coke and breeze, and other, minus shipments of energy sources. 

(s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. Q=Data withheld because the relati

percent.

Notes: "First Use" was "Primary Consumption" in previous rel

for the first use of energy for heat and power and as feedstocks or raas the consumption of the energy that was originally produced offsmaterials not classified as energy. Totals may not equal sum rounding.

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/mecs.Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-846, "199

Survey."
50 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

1 Excludes inputs of unallocated energy sources (6,248 trillion Btu).2 Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning.3 Excluding coal coke and breeze.

Figure 2.4 Manufacturing Inputs for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation, 1998

 Liquefied petroleum gases and natural gas liquids.Source: Table 2.4.

By Energy Source

Natural Gas Net Electricity Coal3 Residual LPG and NGL 

02468

6.6

3.0

1.1

0.4 0.1 

Quadrillion Btu

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 

1.7

0.7

0.3

0.20.20.2

By Selected End Use1

Process Cooling and Refrigeration

Electrochemical Processes

Facility Lighting

Facility HVAC2

Machine Drive

Process Heating

Conventional Electricity Generation

Quadrillion Btu

4

4
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 2.4 Manufacturing Inputs for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation by End Use, 1998

End-Use Category

Net

Electricity 1

Residual

Fuel Oil

Distillate

Fuel Oil 

Liquefied

Petroleum Gases

and Natural

Gas Liquids Natural Gas 

(

C

an

Million

Kilowatthours Million Barrels

Billion

Cubic Feet

S

Indirect End Use (Boiler Fuel) ................................................. 5,568 39 6 7 2,471 Direct End Use All Process Uses ................................................................. 705,697 16 6 22 3,272 

 Process Heating ................................................................ 103,299 15 3 19 3,104 

 Process Cooling and Refrigeration ..................................... 54,473 (s) (s) 1 21  Machine Drive ..................................................................... 457,344 1 2 2 96  Electrochemical Processes ................................................ 87,200 — — — —  Other Process Uses ........................................................... 3,380 (s) 1 (s) 51  All Non-Process Uses ......................................................... R157,736 1 9 8 656 

 Facility Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning 3 ........... R 79,355 1 1 1 393 

 Facility Lighting ................................................................... 61,966 — — — —  Other Facility Support ......................................................... R 14,338 (s) 1 (s) 39 

 Onsite Transportation ......................................................... 1,380 — 6 7 5 

 Conventional Electricity Generation ................................... — (s) 1 (s) 204  Other Non-Process Use ..................................................... 696 (s) (s) (s) Q End Use Not Reported ........................................................... R 20,473 (s) 1 1 70 

Total ......................................................................................... R889,474 57 23 38 6,469 

Trillion Btu

Indirect End Use (Boiler Fuel) ................................................. 19 246 38 24 2,538 

Direct End Use All Process Uses ................................................................. 2,408 103 37 78 3,361  Process Heating ................................................................ 352 97 20 68 3,187 

 Process Cooling and Refrigeration ..................................... 186 (s) (s) 2 22  Machine Drive ..................................................................... 1,560 5 13 7 99  Electrochemical Processes ................................................ 298 — — — —  Other Process Uses ........................................................... 12 1 3 1 52  All Non-Process Uses ......................................................... 538 8 52 29 673  Facility Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning 3 ........... 271 4 6 4 403  Facility Lighting ................................................................... 211 — — — —  Other Facility Support ......................................................... 49 1 6 (s) 40  Onsite Transportation ......................................................... 5 — 35 24 5  Conventional Electricity Generation ................................... — 3 3 (s) 210  Other Non-Process Use ..................................................... 2 (s) 1 (s) Q End Use Not Reported ........................................................... 70 1 7 4 72 

Total ......................................................................................... 3,035 357 133 135 6,644 

1 "Net Electricity" is obtained by summing purchases, transfers in, and generation from noncombustible

renewable resources, minus quantities sold and transferred out. 2 Total of listed energy sources. Excludes inputs of unallocated energy sources (6,248 trillion Btu). Thetop half of the "Total" column is blank because different physical units cannot be added. 3 Excludes steam and hot water.

— = Not applicable. (s)=Estimate less than 0.5. Q=Withheld because relative standard error is greater

than 50 percent.

Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. The estimates

presented in this table are for the total consumption of energy for the production of heat, power, and

electricity generation, regardless of where the energy was produced. quantities of energy that were originally produced offsite and establishment, plus those that were produced onsite from other eneenergy, or were extracted from captive (onsite) mines or wells. Albasis of reasonable approximations by respondents.

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/mecs.Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-846, "199

Survey."
52 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 2.5 Household Energy Consumption

Source: Table 2.5. 

Consumption by All Households, Selected Years, 1978-1997

1978 1980 1982 1984 1987 1990 1993 1997

02468

1012

10.6

9.7 9.3 9.3

8.6

9.0 9.1 9.2

10.0 10.3

Quadrillion Btu

Consumption per Household, Selected Years, 1978-1997

1978 1980 1982 1984 1987 1990 1993 1997

0

50

100150

138

126

114 112

102 105 101 98 104 101

Million Btu

Consumption by All Households, by Census Reg

Northeast Midwest South 

01234

2.38

3.22

3.01

Quadrillion Btu

Consumption per Household, by Census Region

Northeast Midwest South 

0

50

100150

121

134

84

Million Btu

Notes: No data are available for years not shown. Data for 1978 through 1984 are for 

April of the year shown through March of the following year; data for 1987, 1990, 1993, and 1997 are for the calendar year. Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared. See Appendix D for Census regions.
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 2.5 Household Energy Consumption by Census Region, Selected Years, 1978-1997 (Quadrillion Btu, Except as Noted)

Census Region 1 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1984 1987 1990 

Northeast ......................................................................... 2.89 2.50 2.44 2.36 2.19 2.29 2.37 2.3 Natural Gas .................................................................... 1.14 1.05 0.94 1.01 0.96 0.93 1.03 1.0 Electricity 2 ...................................................................... 0.39 0.39 0.41 0.40 0.37 0.41 0.44 0.4 Distillate Fuel Oil and Kerosene ..................................... 1.32 1.03 1.07 0.93 0.83 0.93 0.87 0.7 Liquefied Petroleum Gases ............................................ 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.0 Consumption per Household (million Btu) ...................... 166 145 138 132 122 125 124 120 Midwest ........................................................................... 3.70 3.48 2.96 3.09 2.61 2.80 2.73 2.8 Natural Gas .................................................................... 2.53 2.48 2.05 2.22 1.78 1.99 1.83 1.8 Electricity 2 ...................................................................... 0.60 0.59 0.60 0.56 0.56 0.55 0.61 0.6 Distillate Fuel Oil and Kerosene ..................................... 0.46 0.31 0.17 0.19 0.16 0.13 0.16 0.1 Liquefied Petroleum Gases ............................................ 0.12 0.10 0.15 0.13 0.11 0.13 0.13 0.1 Consumption per Household (million Btu) ...................... 180 168 141 146 122 129 123 122 South ............................................................................... 2.43 2.30 2.57 2.41 2.45 2.50 2.61 2.6

 Natural Gas .................................................................... 0.96 0.91 1.12 1.15 1.14 1.15 1.09 1.0

 Electricity 2 ...................................................................... 1.00 0.97 1.06 1.01 1.01 1.06 1.22 1.3 Distillate Fuel Oil and Kerosene ..................................... 0.32 0.28 0.25 0.14 0.18 0.16 0.17 0.1 Liquefied Petroleum Gases ............................................ 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.1 Consumption per Household (million Btu) ...................... 99 92 95 87 87 85 84 81 West ................................................................................. 1.54 1.47 1.34 1.42 1.33 1.45 1.42 1.5 Natural Gas .................................................................... 0.95 0.88 0.86 0.90 0.85 0.91 0.88 0.9 Electricity 2 ...................................................................... 0.48 0.47 0.41 0.46 0.41 0.47 0.48 0.5 Distillate Fuel Oil and Kerosene ..................................... 0.09 0.09 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.0 Liquefied Petroleum Gases ............................................ 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.05 0.0 Consumption per Household (million Btu) ...................... 110 100 84 87 81 85 78 78 United States ................................................................... 10.56 9.74 9.32 9.29 8.58 9.04 9.13 9.2 Natural Gas .................................................................... 5.58 5.31 4.97 5.27 4.74 4.98 4.83 4.8 Electricity 2 ...................................................................... 2.47 2.42 2.48 2.42 2.35 2.48 2.76 3.0 Distillate Fuel Oil and Kerosene ..................................... 2.19 1.71 1.52 1.28 1.20 1.26 1.22 1.0 Liquefied Petroleum Gases ............................................ 0.33 0.31 0.35 0.31 0.29 0.31 0.32 0.2 Consumption per Household (million Btu) ...................... 138 126 114 112 102 105 101 98 

1 See Appendix D for Census regions. 2 Site electricity. One kilowatthour = 3,412 Btu.

Notes: This table shows major energy items only. No data are available for years not shown. 

Data for 1978-1984 are for April of year shown through March of following year; data for 1987, 1990,

1993, and 1997 are for the calendar year. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent

rounding.

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/recs.Sources: 1978 and 1979—Energy Information Administration (E

Consumption Survey." 1980 forward—EIA, Form EIA-457, "Reside
54 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 2.6 Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures

1 Distillate fuel oil and kerosene.2 Liquefied petroleum gases.3 Nominal dollars.

Consumption by End Use, 1997

Space Heating Appliances Water Heating Air Conditioning

0246

5.2

2.7

1.9

0.4

Quadrillion Btu

Consumption for Space Heating, 1997

Natural Gas Fuel Oil1 Electricity 

01234

3.6

0.9

0.4 

Quadrillion Btu

Notes: No data are available for years not shown. Bec

differ, graphs should not be compared.

Source: Table 2.6.

Consumption by Energy Source, 1997

Natural Gas Electricity Fuel Oil1 LPG2

0246

5.3

3.5

1.1

0.4

Quadrillion Btu

Expenditures, Selected Years, 1978-1997

1978 1980 1982 1984 1987 1990 

0

306090

120150

55

76

83 87

97 98

110

Billion Dollars3
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 2.6 Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures by End Use and Energy Source, Selected Years, 1978-1997

Year

Space Heating

Air

Conditioning 1 Water Heating Appliances 2 

Natural

Gas Electricity 3

Fuel

Oil 4 LPG 5 Electricity 3

Natural

Gas Electricity 3

Fuel

Oil 4 LPG 5

Natural

Gas Electricity 3 LPG 5

Natural

Gas 

Consumption

(quadrillion Btu)

1978 4.26 0.40 2.05 0.23 0.32 1.04 0.29 0.14 0.06 0.28 1.45 0.03 5.58 1980 3.41 0.27 1.30 0.23 0.36 1.15 0.30 0.22 0.07 0.36 1.54 0.05 4.97 1981 3.69 0.26 1.06 0.21 0.34 1.13 0.30 0.22 0.06 0.43 1.52 0.05 5.27 1982 3.14 0.25 1.04 0.19 0.31 1.15 0.28 0.15 0.06 0.43 1.50 0.05 4.74 1984 3.51 0.25 1.11 0.21 0.32 1.10 0.32 0.15 0.06 0.35 1.59 0.04 4.98 1987 3.38 0.28 1.05 0.22 0.44 1.10 0.31 0.17 0.06 0.34 1.72 0.04 4.83 1990 3.37 0.30 0.93 0.19 0.48 1.16 0.34 0.11 0.06 0.33 1.91 0.03 4.86 1993 3.67 0.41 0.95 0.30 0.46 1.31 0.34 0.12 0.05 0.29 2.08 0.03 5.27 1997 3.61 0.40 0.91 0.26 0.42 1.29 0.39 0.16 0.08 0.37 2.33 0.02 5.28 

Expenditures

(billion dollars 6)

1978 11.49 3.53 8.06 1.05 4.12 2.88 3.14 0.56 0.36 0.93 19.10 0.25 15.30 1980 13.22 3.78 10.48 1.78 5.84 4.51 4.45 1.76 0.57 1.91 26.74 0.44 19.77 1981 16.62 3.93 9.44 1.78 6.23 5.13 4.94 1.94 0.51 2.17 29.70 0.52 24.03 1982 17.74 4.21 8.80 1.69 6.23 6.51 5.00 1.28 0.54 2.58 31.29 0.52 26.96 1984 20.66 4.62 8.51 2.00 7.06 6.63 6.44 1.09 0.58 2.31 36.36 0.54 29.78 1987 18.05 5.53 6.25 1.85 9.77 6.02 6.45 0.94 0.50 2.02 39.83 0.46 26.15 1990 18.59 6.16 7.42 2.01 11.23 6.59 7.21 0.83 0.65 2.03 46.95 0.48 27.26 1993 21.95 8.66 6.24 2.81 11.31 8.08 7.58 0.74 0.58 1.98 53.52 0.42 32.04 1997 24.11 8.56 6.57 2.79 10.20 8.84 8.99 1.04 0.89 2.86 60.57 0.36 35.81 

1 A small amount of natural gas used for air conditioning is included in "Natural Gas" under "Total." 2 Includes refrigerators. A small amount of fuel oil or kerosene used for appliances is included in "Fuel

Oil" under "Total." 3 Site electricity. One kilowatthour = 3,412 Btu. 4 Fuel oil is distillate fuel oil and kerosene. 5 Liquefied petroleum gases. 6 Nominal dollars.

Notes: No data are available for years not shown. Consumpti

available on Table 2.4. Totals may not equal sum of components d

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/recs.Sources: 1978—Energy Information Administration (EIA)

Consumption Survey." 1980 forward—EIA, Form EIA-457, "Reside
56 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 2.7 Households With Selected Appliances and Types of Main Heating Fuel

Households With Selected Electric Appliances, 1980 and 2001

Color Clothes Clothes Range Top2 Microwave Separate Dishwasher Ceiling Fa

0

255075

100

82

74

47

54

14

38 37

99

79

57 59

84

32

53

6

Percent

Type of Main Heating Fuel, 2001

Natural Gas

1 Not collected in 1980.2 Or burners.3 Natural gas or liquified petroleum gases. Fewer than 0.5 percent of the households do not have a refrigerator. Households with both central and individual room units are counted only unless 

"Central."

 Liquefied Petroleum Gas.Source: Table 2.7.

1980

 2001 

4

Dryer

Television Washer Dryer Oven Freezer

Top2 Three Room Units

Gas Appliances3

5

55%

8

3

Refrigerators 4 Air Conditioning 5

6

1980

 2001 

(1) 

Households With Other Selected Appliances, 1980 and 2001

Range Clothes One Two or Central Individual None 0

255075

100

46

14

86

14

27 30

43

38

16

83

17

55

23 23

Percent
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 2.7 Households With Selected Appliances and Types of Main Heating Fuel, Selected Years, 1

Appliance

Year 

1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1984 1987 1990 1993 1997 

Total Households (millions) .............. 77 78 82 83 84 86 91 94 97 101 

Percent of Households

Type of Main Heating Fuel Natural Gas ........................................ 55 55 55 56 57 55 55 55 53 53  Electricity ............................................ 16 17 18 17 16 17 20 23 26 29  Liquefied Petroleum Gas .................... 4 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5  Fuel Oil ............................................... 20 17 15 14 13 12 12 11 11 9  Wood .................................................. 2 4 6 6 7 7 6 4 3 2 Type of Appliances Electric Appliances Television Set (Color) ....................... NA NA 82 83 85 88 93 96 98 99  Television Set (B/W) ......................... NA NA 51 48 46 43 36 31 20 NA  Television Set (Any) ......................... NA NA 98 98 98 98 98 99 99 NA  Clothes Washer ................................ 74 NA 74 73 71 73 75 76 77 77  Range Top or Burners ...................... 53 NA 54 54 53 54 57 58 61 60  Oven, Microwave .............................. 8 NA 14 17 21 34 61 79 84 83  Clothes Dryer .................................... 45 NA 47 45 45 46 51 53 57 55  Separate Freezer .............................. 35 NA 38 38 37 37 34 34 35 33  Dishwasher ....................................... 35 NA 37 37 36 38 43 45 45 50  Dehumidifier ..................................... NA NA 9 9 9 9 10 12 9 NA  Waterbed Heaters ............................ NA NA NA NA NA 10 14 15 12 8  Window or Ceiling Fan ..................... NA NA NA NA 28 35 46 51 60 NA  Ceiling Fan ....................................... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 54 61  Whole House Fan ............................. NA NA NA NA 8 8 9 10 4 NA  Evaporative Cooler ........................... NA NA 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 NA  Personal Computer ........................... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 16 23 35  Pump for Well Water ........................ NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 15 13 14  Swimming-Pool Pump 1 .................... NA NA 3 4 3 NA NA 5 5 5 Gas Appliances 2 Range Top or Burners ...................... 48 NA 46 46 47 45 43 42 38 39  Clothes Dryer .................................... 14 NA 14 16 15 16 15 16 15 16  Outdoor Gas Grill .............................. 6 NA 9 9 11 13 20 26 29 NA  Outdoor Gas Light ............................ 2 NA 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1  Swimming Pool Heater 3 .................. NA NA (s) (s) (s) 1 1 1 1 1 

Refrigerators 4

 One ................................................... 86 NA 86 87 86 88 86 84 85 85  Two or More ..................................... 14 NA 14 13 13 12 14 15 15 15 Air Conditioning (A/C) Central 5 ........................................... 23 24 27 27 28 30 34 39 44 47 

 Individual Room Units 5 .................... 33 31 30 31 30 30 30 29 25 25 

 None ................................................. 44 45 43 42 42 40 36 32 32 28 Portable Kerosene Heaters ................ (s) NA (s) 1 3 6 6 5 3 2 

1 All reported swimming pools were assumed to have an electric pump for filtering and circulating the

water, except for 1993 and 1997, when a filtering system was made explicit. 2 Includes natural gas or liquefied petroleum gases. 3 In 1984 and 1987, also includes heaters for jacuzzis and hot tubs. 4 Fewer than 0.5 percent of the households do not have a refrigerator. 5 Households with both central and individual room units are counted only under "Central."

P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 percent. Note: No data are available for years not shown.Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/recs.Sources: 1978 and 1979—Energy Information Administration (E

Consumption Survey." 1980 forward—EIA, Form EIA-457, "Reside
58 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 2.8 Type of Heating in Occupied Housing Units, 1950 and 2001

1 Sum of components do not equal total due to independent rounding.2 Kerosene, solar, and other.(s)=Less than 0.5.

Source: Table 2.8.

(s)

(s) (s)

By Fuel Type, Share of Total

Natural Gas Electricity Distillate Fuel Oil Coal Liquefied Gas Wood 

0

204060

26

1

22

34

2

10

51

31

9 6

2 

Percent

1950 2001

By Fuel Type

Natural Gas Electricity Distillate Fuel Oil Coal Liquefied Gas Wood 

0

204060

11 9

14

1 4 

55

33

10

6

2 

Million Housing Units1

1950 2001
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 2.8 Type of Heating in Occupied Housing Units, Selected Years, 1950-2001

Year Coal 1

Natural

Gas

Liquefied

Gas

Distillate

Fuel Oil Kerosene Electricity Wood Solar Other 

Million

1950 14.48 11.12 0.98 9.46 3 ( ) 0.28 4.17 NA 0.77 

1960 6.46 22.85 2.69 17.16 3 ( ) 0.93 2.24 NA 0.22 

1970 1.82 35.01 3.81 16.47 3 ( ) 4.88 0.79 NA 0.27 1973 0.80 38.46 4.42 17.24 3 ( ) 7.21 0.60 NA 0.15 

1974 0.74 39.47 4.14 16.84 3 ( ) 8.41 0.66 NA 0.09 

1975 0.57 40.93 4.15 16.30 3 ( ) 9.17 0.85 NA 0.08 1976 0.48 41.22 4.24 16.45 3 ( ) 10.15 0.91 NA 0.09 

1977 0.45 41.54 4.18 15.62 0.44 11.15 1.24 NA 0.15 

1978 0.40 42.52 4.13 15.65 0.42 12.26 1.07 NA 0.12 1979 0.36 43.32 4.13 15.30 0.41 13.24 1.14 NA 0.10 1980 0.33 44.40 4.17 14.50 0.37 14.21 1.38 NA 0.11 1981 0.36 46.08 4.17 14.13 0.37 15.49 1.89 NA 0.10 1983 4 0.43 46.70 3.87 12.59 0.45 15.68 4.09 NA 0.16 

1985 0.45 45.33 3.58 12.44 1.06 18.36 6.25 0.05 0.37 

1987 0.41 45.96 3.66 12.74 1.08 20.61 5.45 0.05 0.28 1989 0.34 47.40 3.66 12.47 1.07 23.06 4.59 0.04 0.40 1991 0.32 47.02 3.88 11.47 0.99 23.71 4.44 0.03 0.41 1993 0.30 47.67 3.92 11.17 1.02 25.11 4.10 0.03 0.50 1995 0.21 49.20 4.25 10.98 1.06 26.77 3.53 0.02 0.64 1997 0.18 51.05 5.40 10.10 0.75 29.20 1.79 0.03 0.36 1999 0.17 52.37 5.91 10.03 0.72 31.14 1.70 0.02 0.21 2001 0.13 54.69 6.08 9.82 0.65 32.59 1.69 0.02 0.19 

Percent

1950 33.8 26.0 2.3 22.1 3 ( ) 0.6 9.7 NA 1.8 

1960 12.2 43.1 5.1 32.4 3 ( ) 1.8 4.2 NA 0.4 

1970 2.9 55.2 6.0 26.0 3 ( ) 7.7 1.3 NA 0.4 1973 1.2 55.5 6.4 24.9 3 ( ) 10.4 0.9 NA 0.2 

1974 1.0 55.7 5.8 23.8 3 ( ) 11.9 0.9 NA 0.1 

1975 0.8 56.4 5.7 22.5 3 ( ) 12.6 1.2 NA 0.1 1976 0.7 55.7 5.7 22.2 3 ( ) 13.7 1.2 NA 0.1 

1977 0.6 55.2 5.6 20.7 0.6 14.8 1.6 NA 0.2 

1978 0.5 55.1 5.4 20.3 0.5 15.9 1.4 NA 0.2 1979 0.5 55.1 5.3 19.5 0.5 16.9 1.4 NA 0.1 1980 0.4 55.4 5.2 18.1 0.5 17.7 1.7 NA 0.1 1981 0.4 55.4 5.0 17.0 0.4 18.6 2.3 NA 0.1 1983 4 0.5 55.2 4.6 14.9 0.5 18.5 4.8 NA 0.2 

1985 0.5 51.3 4.1 14.1 1.2 20.8 7.1 0.1 0.4 

1987 0.4 50.6 4.0 14.0 1.2 22.7 6.0 0.1 0.3 1989 0.4 50.6 3.9 13.3 1.1 24.6 4.9 (s) 0.4 1991 0.3 50.5 4.2 12.3 1.1 25.5 4.8 (s) 0.4 1993 0.3 50.3 4.1 11.8 1.1 26.5 4.3 (s) 0.5 1995 0.2 50.4 4.4 11.2 1.1 27.4 3.6 (s) 0.7 1997 0.2 51.3 5.4 10.2 0.8 29.4 1.8 (s) 0.4 1999 0.2 50.9 5.7 9.8 0.7 30.3 1.7 (s) 0.2 2001 0.1 51.5 5.7 9.2 0.6 30.7 1.6 (s) 0.2 

1 Includes coal coke. 2 Includes nonreporting units in 1950 and 1960, which totaled 997 and 2,000 units, respectively. 3 Included in distillate fuel oil. 4 Since 1983, the American Housing Survey for the United States has been a biennial survey.

NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 percent. Notes: Includes mobile homes and individual housing units in apartment buildings. Housing units with

more than one type of heating system are classified according to 

Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent roun

Sources: 1950, 1960, and 1970—Bureau of the Census, Censu

forward—Bureau of the Census, American Housing Survey for the 

2-5.
60 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

1 Passenger cars, motorcycles, vans, pickup trucks, sport utility vehicles,trucks, and buses. 2 Miles per gallon.3 Miles per vehicle.

Figure 2.9 Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Rates

Fuel RaMileage

Fuel Co

Vans, Pickup Trucks, 

and SUVs 5

Trucks

Vans, Pickup Trucks, and SUVs5

Trucks

V

Truc

Gallons per vehicle.

 Sport utility vehicles. Motorcycles are included with passenger cars through 1989.Source: Table 2.9.

45

Passenger Cars 6

Passenger Cars6

Passenger Car

6

All Motor Vehicles,1 1949-2000

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

255075

100125150175

Index 1973=100

Mileage, 1966-2000

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

08

162432

Thousand Miles per Vehicle

Fuel Consumption, 1966-2000

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

012345

Thousand Gallons per Vehicle

Fuel Rates, 1966-2000

1970 1975 1980 19

05

10152025

Miles per Gallon
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 2.9 Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Rates, 1949-2000

Year

Passenger Cars

Vans, Pickup Trucks,

and Sport Utility Vehicles 1 Trucks 2 

Mileage

(miles per

vehicle)

Fuel

Consumption

(gallons

per vehicle)

Fuel

Rate

(miles

per gallon)

Mileage

(miles per

vehicle)

Fuel

Consumption

(gallons

per vehicle)

Fuel

Rate

(miles

per gallon)

Mileage

(miles per

vehicle)

Fuel

Consumption

(gallons

per vehicle)

Fuel

Rate

(miles

per gallon)

Mileage

(miles per

vehicle)

1949 49,388 4627 415.0 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 69,712 61,080 69.0 9,498 

1950 49,060 4603 415.0 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 610,316 61,229 68.4 9,321 

1951 49,186 4614 415.0 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 610,545 61,242 68.5 9,460 1952 49,360 4639 414.7 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 610,769 61,288 68.4 9,642 

1953 49,377 4640 414.6 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 610,963 61,283 68.5 9,684 

1954 49,349 4641 414.6 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 610,682 61,281 68.3 9,605 1955 49,447 4645 414.6 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 610,576 61,293 68.2 9,661 

1956 49,496 4654 414.5 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 610,511 61,309 68.0 9,688 

1957 49,348 4658 414.2 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 610,774 61,304 68.3 9,609 1958 49,500 4670 414.2 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 610,768 61,303 68.3 9,732 

1959 49,615 4674 414.3 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 610,702 61,328 68.1 9,817 

1960 49,518 4668 414.3 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 610,693 61,333 68.0 9,732 1961 49,521 4663 414.4 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 610,537 61,341 67.9 9,708 

1962 49,494 4662 414.3 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 610,554 61,337 67.9 9,687 

1963 49,587 4655 414.6 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 610,395 61,380 67.5 9,737 1964 49,665 4661 414.6 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 610,408 61,389 67.5 9,805 

1965 49,603 4661 414.5 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 610,851 61,387 67.8 9,826 

1966 49,733 4688 414.1 8,077 833 9.7 12,537 2,250 5.6 9,675 1967 49,849 4699 414.1 7,877 801 9.8 12,789 2,294 5.6 9,751 

1968 49,922 4714 413.9 8,376 849 9.9 12,402 2,240 5.5 9,864 

1969 49,921 4727 413.6 8,355 851 9.8 13,484 2,459 5.5 9,885 1970 49,989 4737 413.5 8,676 866 10.0 13,565 2,467 5.5 9,976 

1971 410,097 4743 413.6 9,082 888 10.2 14,117 2,519 5.6 10,133 

1972 410,171 4754 413.5 9,534 922 10.3 14,780 2,657 5.6 10,279 1973 49,884 4737 413.4 9,779 931 10.5 15,370 2,775 5.5 10,099 

1974 49,221 4677 413.6 9,452 862 11.0 14,995 2,708 5.5 9,493 

1975 49,309 4665 414.0 9,829 934 10.5 15,167 2,722 5.6 9,627 1976 49,418 4681 413.8 10,127 934 10.8 15,438 2,764 5.6 9,774 

1977 49,517 4676 414.1 10,607 947 11.2 16,700 3,002 5.6 9,978 

1978 49,500 4665 414.3 10,968 948 11.6 18,045 3,263 5.5 10,077 1979 49,062 4620 414.6 10,802 905 11.9 18,502 3,380 5.5 9,722 

1980 48,813 4551 416.0 10,437 854 12.2 18,736 3,447 5.4 9,458 

1981 48,873 4538 416.5 10,244 819 12.5 19,016 3,565 5.3 9,477 1982 49,050 4535 416.9 10,276 762 13.5 19,931 3,647 5.5 9,644 

1983 49,118 4534 417.1 10,497 767 13.7 21,083 3,769 5.6 9,760 

1984 49,248 4530 417.4 11,151 797 14.0 22,550 3,967 5.7 10,017 1985 49,419 4538 417.5 10,506 735 14.3 20,597 3,570 5.8 10,020 

1986 49,464 4543 417.4 10,764 738 14.6 22,143 3,821 5.8 10,143 

1987 49,720 4539 418.0 11,114 744 14.9 23,349 3,937 5.9 10,453 1988 49,972 4531 418.8 11,465 745 15.4 22,485 3,736 6.0 10,721 

1989 410,157 4533 419.0 11,676 724 16.1 22,926 3,776 6.1 10,932 

1990 10,504 520 20.2 11,902 738 16.1 23,603 3,953 6.0 11,107 1991 10,571 501 21.1 12,245 721 17.0 24,229 4,047 6.0 11,294 1992 10,857 517 21.0 12,381 717 17.3 25,373 4,210 6.0 11,558 1993 10,804 527 20.5 12,430 714 17.4 26,262 4,309 6.1 11,595 1994 10,992 531 20.7 12,156 701 17.3 25,838 4,202 6.1 11,683 1995 11,203 530 21.1 12,018 694 17.3 26,514 4,315 6.1 11,793 1996 11,330 534 21.2 11,811 685 17.2 26,092 4,221 6.2 11,813 1997 11,581 539 21.5 12,115 703 17.2 27,032 4,218 6.4 12,107 1998 11,754 544 21.6 12,173 707 17.2 25,397 4,135 6.1 12,211 1999 R11,848 R553 21.4 R11,957 R701 R17.0 R26,014 R4,352 R6.0 R12,206 2000P 11,988 546 22.0 11,684 668 17.5 25,651 4,387 5.8 12,177 

1 Includes a small number of trucks with 2 axles and 4 tires, such as step vans. 2 Single-unit trucks with 2 axles and 6 or more tires, and combination trucks. 3 Includes buses and motorcycles, which are not shown separately. 4 Includes motorcycles. 5 Included in "Trucks." 6 Includes vans, pickup trucks, and sport utility vehicles.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. 

Note: For vehicle registrations data see the "Sources" or the "Web Web Page: http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ohim.Sources: Passenger Cars: 1990-1994—U.S. Depart

Transportation Statistics, National Transportation Statistics 199

1949-1994—Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Highway 

VM-201A. 1995 forward—FHWA, Highway Statistics, annual repor
62 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

1 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and kerosene.Q=Data withheld because either the relative standard error was greater than 50 percent or 

fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. 

(s)=Less than 0.05 quadrillion Btu.Note: See Appendix D for Census regions.Source: Table 2.10. 

Figure 2.10 Commercial Buildings Consumption by Energy Source

(s) (s) (s)

Q

By Survey Year

Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil1 Distric

0.01.02.03.0

1.9

2.2

0.7

0.2

2.1 2.1

0.3 0.3

2.4

1.7

0.4 0.4

2.8

2.1

0.4

2.6

2.2

0.3 

2.6

1.9

0.2

Quadrillion Btu

1979 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995

By Census Region, 1995

Northeast Midwest South West Uni

0.01.02.03.0

0.4

0.6

1.0

0.6

2.6

0.3

0.8

0.5 0.4

1

0.2 

0.1 0.2 0.1

Quadrillion Btu

Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil1 District Heat 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 2.10 Commercial Buildings Consumption by Energy Source, Selected Years, 1979-1995 (Trillion Btu)

Energy Source

and Year

Square Footage Category Principal Building Activity Censu

1,001

to

10,000

10,001

to

100,000

Over

100,000 Education

Food

Sales

Food

Service

Health

Care Lodging

Mercantile

and

Service Office

All

Other Northeast Midwest 

Major Sources 2

1979 ................ 1,255 2,202 1,508 511 3 ( ) 336 469 278 894 861 1,616 1,217 1,826 

1983 ................ 1,242 1,935 1,646 480 3 ( ) 414 463 362 812 1,018 1,274 858 1,821 

1986 ................ 1,273 2,008 1,696 633 147 247 456 299 985 1,008 1,202 1,037 1,585 1989 ................ 1,259 2,402 2,127 704 139 255 449 425 1,048 1,230 1,538 1,354 1,659 1992 ................ 1,258 2,301 1,932 637 137 307 403 463 892 1,247 1,404 1,090 1,578 1995 4 ............. 1,332 2,152 1,838 614 137 332 561 461 973 1,019 1,225 1,035 1,497 

Electricity

1979 ................ 429 872 608 163 3 ( ) 171 129 119 361 424 543 425 593 

1983 ................ 469 903 758 152 3 ( ) 212 147 151 426 509 532 324 673 

1986 ................ 654 927 809 179 99 121 132 120 536 641 563 430 584 1989 ................ 572 1,145 1,056 217 105 113 154 138 550 781 715 586 609 1992 ................ 586 991 1,033 235 113 138 138 189 444 704 649 419 622 1995 4 ............. 618 1,064 926 221 119 166 211 187 508 676 521 436 558 

Natural Gas

1979 ................ 646 996 532 214 3 ( ) 145 221 115 422 272 784 443 1,007 

1983 ................ 684 809 597 246 3 ( ) 188 218 170 327 365 576 278 978 

1986 ................ 485 715 523 254 45 114 205 105 332 258 409 244 742 1989 ................ 568 836 670 323 27 128 186 187 417 238 566 353 831 1992 ................ 572 1,017 586 291 24 157 189 193 381 388 552 354 747 1995 4 ............. 535 830 580 245 18 158 258 213 395 239 420 297 750 

Fuel Oil 5

1979 ................ 177 272 231 107 3 ( ) 15 97 20 103 107 232 285 133 

1983 ................ 85 140 90 61 3 ( ) Q 28 18 43 75 79 172 28 

1986 ................ 114 206 121 103 Q Q Q 20 105 39 130 270 63 1989 ................ 101 170 86 71 Q Q 17 10 76 43 122 237 61 1992 ................ 86 111 75 62 Q Q 21 16 55 47 67 194 26 1995 4 ............. 71 104 60 57 Q Q 21 Q 49 28 70 168 16 

District Heat 6

1979 ................ Q 61 136 27 3 ( ) Q 22 24 Q 58 57 64 93 

1983 ................ Q 83 202 21 3 ( ) Q 70 22 Q 68 87 84 141 

1986 ................ Q 159 243 97 Q Q 80 Q 12 71 99 94 196 1989 ................ 19 252 315 Q Q Q 92 Q Q 167 134 179 159 1992 ................ Q 182 238 49 NC Q 55 65 Q 109 135 123 183 1995 4 ............. Q 154 271 91 Q Q 70 57 Q 75 214 135 173 

Propane 

1979 ................ 23 15 5 2 3 ( ) 8 Q Q 10 Q 18 Q 16 

1983 ................ 20 12 2 2 3 ( ) 8 Q Q 6 Q 14 Q 7 

1986 ................ 44 18 1 3 Q 12 Q 12 17 Q 13 9 19 

1 See Appendix D for Census regions. 2 Includes electricity, natural gas, fuel oil, and district heat. Propane consumption statistics were

collected in 1979, 1983, and 1986 but are not included in the Major Sources. 3 Included in Food Service. 4 Beginning with the 1995 survey, commercial buildings on multibuilding manufacturing facilities, andparking garages were excluded. 5 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and kerosene. 6 For 1979 and 1983, includes only purchased steam. Beginning with the 1986 survey, includespurchased and nonpurchased steam and purchased and nonpurchased hot water.

Q=Data withheld because either the relative standard error was g

buildings were sampled. NC=No cases in the sample.

Note: Statistics for individual fuels are for all buildings using eac

for the sum of electricity, natural gas, fuel oil, and district heat, acros

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cbecs.Sources: 1979—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Fo

Energy Consumption Survey." 1983—EIA, Form EIA-788, "NonresSurvey." 1986—EIA, Form EIA-871, "Nonresidential Buildings E

1992, and 1995—EIA, Form EIA-871A-F, "Commercial Buildings En
64 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 2.11 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditure Indicators, Selected Ye

1 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and kerosene.2 Nominal dollars.

Note: No data are available for years not shown. Because v

should not be compared.

Source: Table 2.11.

Buildings by Energy Source Used, 1979-1999

1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999

012345

Thousands of Buildings

Consumption, 1979-1995

1979 1983 1987 1991 1995

0123

Quadrillion Btu

Expenditures per Square 

1979 1983 

0.00.20.40.60.81.0

Dollars2

Square Footage per Building byEnergy Source Used, 1979-1999

1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999

0

306090

Thousand Square Feet

Expenditures, 1979-1995

1979 1983 1987 1991 1995

0

204060

Billion Dollars2

District Heat

District Heat

Fuel Oil1

Natural Gas

Electricity

District Heat

Natural Gas

Fuel Oil1

Electricity

Electricity

Natural Gas

Fuel Oil1

District Heat

Elect

Electricity

Natural Gas

Fuel Oil1

Consumption per Square 

1979 1983 

0

255075

100

Thousand Btu
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 2.11 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditure Indicators, Selected Years

Energy Source

and Year

Building Characteristics Energy Consumption Energy 

Number of

Buildings

(thousand)

Total

Square

Feet

(million)

Square

Feet

per

Building

(thousand)

Total

(trillion

Btu)

Per

Building

(million

Btu)

Per

Square

Foot

(thousand

Btu)

Per

Employee

(million

Btu)

Total

(million

dollars1)

Per

Building

(thousand

dollars1)

Major Sources 2

1979 .............................. 3,073 43,546 14.2 5,008 1,630 115.0 85.0 33,821 11.0 1983 .............................. 3,185 49,471 15.5 4,856 1,525 98.2 65.7 55,764 17.5 1986 .............................. 4,154 58,199 14.0 5,040 1,213 86.6 68.6 60,762 14.6 1989 .............................. 4,528 63,184 14.0 5,788 1,278 91.6 81.9 70,826 15.6 1992 .............................. 4,806 67,876 14.1 5,490 1,142 80.9 77.1 71,821 14.9 1995 3 ........................... 4,579 58,772 12.8 5,321 1,162 90.5 69.3 69,918 15.3 1999 .............................. R4,657 R67,338 R14.5 NA NA NA NA NA NA 

Electricity 

1979 .............................. 3,001 43,153 14.4 1,908 636 44.2 32.4 23,751 7.9 1983 .............................. 3,052 48,327 15.8 2,129 697 44.1 28.9 39,279 12.9 

1986 .............................. 3,965 56,508 14.3 2,390 603 42.3 32.7 47,186 11.9 1989 .............................. 4,294 61,563 14.3 2,773 646 45.0 39.3 55,943 13.0 1992 .............................. 4,611 66,525 14.4 2,609 566 39.2 36.6 57,619 12.5 1995 3 ........................... 4,343 57,076 13.1 2,608 600 45.7 34.1 56,621 13.0 1999 .............................. R4,395 R65,716 R15.0 NA NA NA NA NA NA 

Natural Gas

1979 .............................. 1,864 30,477 16.4 2,174 1,167 71.3 52.5 5,814 3.1 1983 .............................. 1,904 33,935 17.8 2,091 1,098 61.6 40.6 11,443 6.0 

1986 .............................. 2,214 37,263 16.8 1,723 778 46.2 35.2 8,355 3.8 1989 .............................. 2,420 41,143 17.0 2,073 857 50.4 43.2 9,204 3.8 1992 .............................. 2,657 44,994 16.9 2,174 818 48.3 42.5 9,901 3.7 1995 3 ........................... 2,478 38,145 15.4 1,946 785 51.0 38.7 9,018 3.6 1999 .............................. R2,670 R45,525 17.1 NA NA NA NA NA NA 

Fuel Oil 4

1979 .............................. 641 11,397 17.8 681 1,063 59.7 40.5 2,765 4.3 1983 .............................. 441 9,409 21.3 314 714 33.4 19.8 2,102 4.8 1986 .............................. 534 11,005 20.6 442 827 40.1 27.7 2,059 3.9 1989 .............................. 581 12,600 21.7 357 614 28.3 21.0 1,822 3.1 1992 .............................. 560 13,215 23.6 272 487 20.6 15.1 1,400 2.5 1995 3 ........................... 607 14,421 23.7 235 387 16.3 10.2 1,175 1.9 1999 .............................. 434 R13,285 30.6 NA NA NA NA NA NA 

District Heat 5

1979 .............................. 47 3,722 79.0 201 4,267 54.0 26.5 1,267 26.9 1983 .............................. 64 4,643 72.9 289 4,530 62.1 34.4 2,627 41.2 1986 .............................. 77 4,625 59.7 422 5,446 91.2 52.4 2,620 33.8 1989 .............................. 98 6,578 67.0 585 5,964 89.0 56.5 3,857 39.3 1992 .............................. 95 5,245 55.4 435 4,596 82.9 60.9 2,901 30.7 1995 3 ........................... 110 5,658 51.5 533 4,849 94.1 51.2 3,103 28.3 1999 .............................. 117 5,891 50.2 NA NA NA NA NA NA 

Propane

1979 .............................. 214 2,797 13.1 43 202 15.5 12.9 225 1.1 1983 .............................. 191 2,562 13.4 34 176 13.1 8.5 313 1.6 1986 .............................. 344 3,213 9.3 63 184 19.7 17.6 543 1.6 1989 .............................. 348 4,695 13.5 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1992 .............................. 337 3,393 10.1 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1995 .............................. 589 5,344 9.1 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1999 .............................. 451 R 6,290 R14.0 NA NA NA NA NA NA 

1 Nominal dollars. 2 Includes electricity, natural gas, fuel oil, and district heat. Propane consumption statistics were

collected in 1979, 1983, and 1986, but are not included in the Major Sources. 3 Beginning with the 1995 survey, commercial buildings on multibuilding manufacturing facilities andparking garages were excluded. 4 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and kerosene. 5 For 1979 and 1983, includes only purchased steam. Beginning with the 1986 survey, includespurchased and nonpurchased steam and purchased and nonpurchased hot water.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. 

Note: Statistics for individual fuels are for all buildings using each 

for all buildings, even buildings using no major fuel.

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cbecs.Sources: 1979—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Fo

Energy Consumption Survey." 1983—EIA, Form EIA-788, "Nonres

Survey." 1986—EIA, Form EIA-871, "Nonresidential Buildings En1992, 1995, and 1999—EIA, Form EIA-871A-F, "Commercial Building
66 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

1 See Table 2.12, footnote 1, for description of "Other."2 Includes buildings that do not fit into any of the other categories.Notes: See Appendix D for Census Regions. Because vertical scales differ, graphs 

should not be compared.

 Source: Table 2.12

Figure 2.12 Commercial Buildings Energy Intensities by Building Characteristic, 1995

By Principal Building Activity

Education 0

50

100150200250

79

214

246 240

127

76

97

114

97

37 38

172

Thousand Btu per Square Foot 22

Heating Equipment

1919 or Before

1920 to 19451946 to 19591960 to 19691970 to 19791980 to 19891990 to 19921993 to 1995

0 20 40 60 

Thousand Btu per 

Heating

By Year Constructed

Education Food

Service

Food

Sales

Health Lodging Mercan- tile Office Public Assembly Public Order and SafetyReligious Ware- house Other2 Vacant

By Census Region

Northeast Mid

0

20406080

100120

87

10

Thousand Btu per Square Foot

By End Use

Space Lighting Water Cooling Office Cooking Refrigeration Ventilation Other1 0

5

101520253035

29.0

20.4

13.8

6.0 5.7

3.7 3.1 2.8

6.1

Thousand Btu per Square Foot
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 2.12 Commercial Buildings Energy Intensities by Building Characteristic, 1995 (Thousand Btu per Square Foot)

Building Characteristic

Space

Heating Cooling Ventilation

Water

Heating Lighting Cooking Refrigeration

Office

Equipm

All Buildings ................................................ 29.0 6.0 2.8 13.8 20.4 3.7 3.1 5.7 

Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 ........................................... 39.5 7.0 2.9 9.7 22.7 8.9 10.4 5.4  5,001 to 10,000 ......................................... 38.5 4.4 1.7 11.1 13.6 4.3 2.5 3.8 

 10,001 to 25,000 ....................................... 27.4 4.8 1.7 9.1 14.7 2.6 2.5 4.3  25,001 to 50,000 ....................................... 28.2 6.7 2.1 11.6 18.5 2.1 2.5 5.0  50,001 to 100,000 ..................................... 27.0 7.0 3.2 12.9 21.3 2.0 2.1 6.1  100,001 to 200,000 ................................... 26.6 6.2 3.3 19.6 25.0 3.1 1.4 7.2  200,001 to 500,000 ................................... 24.0 6.7 4.5 25.2 27.4 4.6 1.6 8.5  Over 500,000 ............................................ 18.5 6.0 3.9 18.0 28.6 3.5 2.2 7.0 Principal Building Activity Education .................................................. 32.8 4.8 1.6 17.4 15.8 1.4 1.0 1.5  Food Sales ............................................... 27.5 13.4 4.4 9.1 33.9 5.6 110.9 1.3  Food Service ............................................ 30.9 19.5 5.3 27.5 37.0 77.5 31.6 2.6  Health Care .............................................. 55.2 9.9 7.2 63.0 39.3 11.2 4.7 15.5  Lodging ..................................................... 22.7 8.1 1.7 51.4 23.2 6.6 2.3 3.8  Mercantile and Service ............................. 30.6 5.8 2.5 5.1 23.4 1.5 0.9 2.9  Office ........................................................ 24.3 9.1 5.2 8.7 28.1 1.1 0.4 15.1  Public Assembly ....................................... 53.6 6.3 3.5 17.5 21.9 2.8 1.8 2.4  Public Order and Safety ........................... 27.8 6.1 2.3 23.4 16.4 Q 0.2 5.8  Religious Worship ..................................... 23.7 1.9 0.9 3.2 5.0 0.5 0.6 0.4  Warehouse and Storage ........................... 15.7 0.9 0.3 2.0 9.8 0.0 1.7 4.4  Other 2 ...................................................... 59.6 9.3 8.3 15.3 26.7 Q 0.7 15.2  Vacant ...................................................... 11.9 0.6 0.3 2.4 3.6 Q 0.2 0.5 Year Constructed 1919 or Before .......................................... 34.2 2.6 1.6 10.0 14.9 4.0 1.3 3.2  1920 to 1945 ............................................. 37.0 3.4 1.6 10.7 12.3 1.8 1.6 3.3  1946 to 1959 ............................................. 37.2 4.4 2.1 14.1 15.5 3.0 2.7 4.6  1960 to 1969 ............................................. 30.2 5.7 2.7 16.8 20.4 4.0 3.0 5.3  1970 to 1979 ............................................. 26.0 7.2 3.6 15.8 25.6 3.2 3.7 6.7  1980 to 1989 ............................................. 19.8 7.8 3.2 11.5 23.5 4.2 3.0 7.6  1990 to 1992 ............................................. 26.6 8.4 3.5 17.2 28.7 9.3 5.6 7.9  1993 to 1995 ............................................. 24.3 7.9 3.2 11.7 22.7 3.3 7.4 4.9 Census Region 3 Northeast .................................................. 32.4 4.0 2.0 14.2 17.7 2.7 3.0 4.5  Midwest .................................................... 46.7 4.3 2.5 15.6 18.8 3.5 2.4 5.1  South ........................................................ 18.0 8.4 3.2 10.5 21.3 4.0 3.4 5.9  West ......................................................... 23.4 5.5 3.1 17.0 23.6 4.3 3.4 7.2 

1 Examples of "other" include medical, electronic, and testing equipment; conveyors, wrappers, hoists,

and compactors; washers, disposals, dryers and cleaning equipment; escalators, elevators, dumb waiters,and window washers; shop tools and electronic testing equipment; sign motors, time clocks, vendingmachines, phone equipment, and sprinkler controls; scoreboards, fire alarms, intercoms, television sets,radios, projectors, and door operators. 2 Includes buildings that do not fit into any of the other named categories.

3 See Appendix D for Census regions.

Q=Data withheld because either the relative standard error was 

buildings were sampled.

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cbecs.Source: Energy Information Administration, A Look at Comme

Energy Consumption, and Energy Expenditures (October 1998), T

Gas Station, North Carolina, April 1999.

Financial Indicators

3
70 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Fossil Fuel Composite Price, Change From Previous Year, 1950-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

-60-40-20

0

204060

Percent

Prices, 1949-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

02468

10

 Chained (1996) Dollars per Million Btu

Source: Table 3.1.

Figure 3.1 Fossil Fuel Production Prices

Note: Prices are in chained (1996) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product 

implicit price deflators. See Table E1.

Crude Oil

Natural

 Gas

Coal

Fossil Fuel Composite

+

++
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 3.1 Fossil Fuel Production Prices, 1949-2001 (Dollars per Million Btu)

Year

Coal 1 Natural Gas 2 Crude Oil 3 Fossil Fu

Nominal Real 5 Nominal Real 5 Nominal Real 5 Nominal 

1949 0.21 1.22 0.05 0.31 0.44 2.54 0.26 1950 0.21 1.19 0.06 0.36 0.43 2.48 0.26 1951 0.21 1.13 0.06 0.34 0.44 2.33 0.26 1952 0.21 1.11 0.07 0.38 0.44 2.30 0.26 1953 0.21 1.08 0.08 0.42 0.46 2.40 0.27 1954 0.19 0.99 0.09 0.46 0.48 2.46 0.28 1955 0.19 0.94 0.09 0.45 0.48 2.42 0.27 1956 0.20 0.97 0.10 0.48 0.48 2.35 0.28 1957 0.21 0.99 0.10 0.47 0.53 2.52 0.30 1958 0.20 0.94 0.11 0.50 0.52 2.40 0.29 1959 0.20 0.91 0.12 0.54 0.50 2.29 0.29 1960 0.19 0.87 0.13 0.57 0.50 2.24 0.28 1961 0.19 0.85 0.14 0.60 0.50 2.22 0.29 1962 0.19 0.82 0.15 0.64 0.50 2.20 0.29 1963 0.18 0.80 0.15 0.63 0.50 2.17 0.28 1964 0.19 0.79 0.14 0.58 0.50 2.13 0.28 1965 0.18 0.77 0.15 0.61 0.49 2.07 0.28 1966 0.19 0.77 0.15 0.59 0.50 2.03 0.28 1967 0.19 0.76 0.15 0.58 0.50 2.00 0.28 1968 0.19 0.74 0.14 0.54 0.51 1.93 0.29 1969 0.21 0.76 0.15 0.56 0.53 1.93 0.30 1970 0.27 0.92 0.15 0.53 0.55 1.89 0.32 1971 0.30 1.00 0.16 0.53 0.58 1.91 0.34 1972 0.33 1.04 0.17 0.54 0.58 1.84 0.35 1973 0.37 1.09 0.20 0.60 0.67 2.00 0.40 1974 0.69 1.87 0.27 0.75 1.18 3.23 0.68 1975 0.85 2.11 0.40 1.00 1.32 3.30 0.82 1976 0.86 2.02 0.53 1.26 1.41 3.34 0.90 1977 0.88 1.96 0.72 1.61 1.48 3.28 1.01 1978 0.98 2.04 0.84 1.73 1.55 3.22 1.12 1979 1.06 2.03 1.08 2.07 2.18 4.17 1.42 1980 1.10 1.93 1.45 2.54 3.72 6.53 2.04 1981 1.18 1.90 1.80 2.88 5.48 8.78 2.75 1982 1.23 1.85 2.22 3.35 4.92 7.42 2.76 1983 1.18 1.71 2.32 3.37 4.52 6.56 2.70 1984 1.16 1.63 2.40 3.36 4.46 6.25 2.65 1985 1.15 1.56 2.26 3.06 4.15 5.64 2.51 1986 1.09 1.44 1.75 2.32 2.16 2.86 1.65 1987 1.05 1.36 1.50 1.94 2.66 3.42 1.70 1988 1.01 1.26 1.52 1.90 2.17 2.70 1.53 1989 1.00 1.21 1.53 1.83 2.73 3.28 1.67 1990 1.00 1.15 1.55 1.79 3.45 3.99 1.84 1991 0.99 1.11 1.48 1.65 2.85 3.18 1.67 1992 0.97 1.06 1.57 1.71 2.76 3.00 1.66 1993 0.93 0.99 1.84 1.96 2.46 2.61 1.67 1994 0.91 0.95 1.67 1.74 2.27 2.37 1.53 1995 0.88 0.90 1.40 1.43 2.52 2.57 1.47 1996 0.87 0.87 1.96 1.96 3.18 3.18 1.82 1997 0.85 0.84 2.10 2.06 2.97 2.91 1.81 1998 0.83 0.80 R1.77 R1.71 1.87 1.82 R1.41 1999 R0.79 R0.75 R1.98 R1.89 2.68 2.56 R1.65 2000 0.80 0.74 R3.33 R3.11 4.61 R4.30 R2.60 

2001P 70.80 70.73 3.72 3.40 3.77 3.45 72.56 

1 Bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, and lignite prices are based on the value of coal produced at

free-on-board (f.o.b.) mines; anthracite prices through 1978 are f.o.b. preparation plants and for 1979forward are f.o.b. mines. 2 Wellhead prices. 3 Domestic first purchase prices. 4 Derived by multiplying the price per Btu of each fossil fuel by the total Btu content of the production ofeach fossil fuel and dividing this accumulated value of total fossil fuel production by the accumulated Btu

content of total fossil fuel production. 5 In chained (1996) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic 

Table E1. 6 Based on real values. 7 Calculated using the 2000 coal price for the 2001 value.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. — = Not applicable. Sources: Tables 5.16, 6.7, 7.8, A2, A4, and A5.
72 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 3.2 Value of Fossil Fuel Production

Production by Fuel, 1949-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 

0

20406080

100120140160

Billion Chained (1996) Dollars1

Overview, 1949-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

50

100150200250300

Billion Chained (1996) Dollars1

Sources: Tables 3.2, 3.5, and 3.6.

Production

Imports

Exports

Na

G

1 Prices are in chained (1996) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit 

price deflators. See Table E1. 

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared.

Overview, 2001

Production Imports Exports

0

4080

120160 150

121

12

Billion Nominal Dollars
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 3.2 Value of Fossil Fuel Production, 1949-2001 (Billion Dollars)

Year

Coal Natural Gas 1 Crude Oil 2 

Nominal Real 3 Nominal Real 3 Nominal Real 3 Nomin

1949 2.52 14.60 0.33 1.91 4.68 27.11 7.53 1950 2.91 16.68 0.44 2.52 4.95 28.37 8.30 1951 3.05 16.30 0.52 2.78 5.69 30.41 9.26 1952 2.67 14.05 0.64 3.37 5.79 30.47 9.10 1953 2.55 13.25 0.76 3.95 6.32 32.83 9.63 1954 2.02 10.39 0.87 4.48 6.44 33.13 9.33 1955 2.30 11.63 0.94 4.75 6.88 34.78 10.12 1956 2.65 12.96 1.11 5.43 7.30 35.70 11.06 1957 2.74 12.97 1.17 5.54 8.09 38.29 12.00 1958 2.19 10.12 1.32 6.10 7.37 34.06 10.88 1959 2.14 9.78 1.57 7.18 7.47 34.14 11.18 1960 2.10 9.46 1.79 8.07 7.42 33.44 11.31961 1.99 8.87 1.99 8.87 7.58 33.78 11.56 1962 2.03 8.93 2.22 9.76 7.76 34.12 12.01963 2.17 9.43 2.36 10.26 7.96 34.61 12.49 1964 2.32 9.94 2.33 9.98 8.03 34.40 12.68 1965 2.40 10.09 2.57 10.81 8.15 34.27 13.12 1966 2.53 10.34 2.75 11.24 8.72 35.65 14.00 1967 2.65 10.51 2.91 11.54 9.39 37.25 14.95 1968 2.64 10.04 3.09 11.75 9.79 37.22 15.52 1969 2.90 10.51 3.52 12.76 10.42 37.77 16.84 1970 3.88 13.35 3.73 12.84 11.19 38.51 18.80 1971 4.01 13.14 4.05 13.27 11.71 38.37 19.77 1972 4.65 14.61 4.28 13.45 11.71 36.80 20.64 1973 5.14 15.30 4.98 14.82 13.07 38.90 23.19 1974 9.65 26.35 6.48 17.70 22.00 60.08 38.13 1975 12.67 31.65 8.85 22.11 23.45 58.58 44.97 1976 13.40 31.68 11.57 27.35 24.37 57.61 49.34 1977 13.91 30.90 15.82 35.14 25.79 57.29 55.52 1978 14.65 30.38 18.18 37.69 28.60 59.30 61.43 1979 18.55 35.50 24.16 46.24 39.45 75.50 82.16 1980 20.45 35.85 32.09 56.26 67.93 119.09 120.47 1981 21.75 34.87 39.51 63.35 99.40 159.37 160.66 1982 22.84 34.48 45.71 69.00 90.03 135.89 158.58 1983 20.32 29.50 43.73 63.49 83.05 120.57 147.10 1984 22.94 32.11 48.69 68.16 84.10 117.72 155.73 1985 22.27 30.22 43.35 58.83 78.88 107.04 144.50 1986 21.18 28.12 32.71 43.43 39.63 52.62 93.52 1987 21.20 27.33 29.11 37.52 46.93 60.49 97.24 1988 20.97 26.14 30.28 37.75 37.48 46.73 88.73 1989 21.40 25.70 30.58 36.72 44.07 52.92 96.05 1990 22.39 25.88 31.80 36.76 53.77 62.15 107.96 1991 21.40 23.87 30.39 33.89 44.77 49.93 96.56 1992 20.98 22.84 32.56 35.45 41.97 45.70 95.51993 18.77 19.96 38.72 41.17 35.61 37.86 93.10 1994 20.06 20.89 36.46 37.98 32.07 33.40 88.59 1995 19.45 19.83 30.24 30.83 35.00 35.68 84.69 1996 19.68 19.68 42.99 42.99 43.68 43.68 106.35 1997 19.77 19.39 46.09 45.21 40.57 39.79 106.43 1998 19.75 R19.14 R39.12 R37.91 24.80 24.03 R83.67 1999 R18.30 R17.49 R43.37 R41.44 33.40 R31.92 R95.07 2000 R18.02 R16.83 R73.81 R68.96 R56.93 R53.19 R148.76 

2001P 418.82 417.21 84.01 76.81 46.70 42.70 4149.53 

1 Marketed production. 2 Includes lease condensate. 3 In chained (1996) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See

Table E1.

4 Calculated using the 2000 coal price for the 2001 value.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Note: Value is based on fuel prices taken as closely as possible tSources: Tables 5.1, 5.16, 6.2, 6.7, 7.2, and 7.8.
74 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

By Petroleum Product, 1999

Motor Distillate LPG3 Jet Fuel 

0369

12

9.31

7.24

6.64

4.01

Dollars1 per Million Btu

By Energy Type, 1999

Electricity2 Petroleum Natural Wood and 

05

10152025

19.37

7.33

4.26

1.55 

Dollars1 per Million Btu

Total Energy, 1970-1999

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995

02468

10

Dollars1 per Million Btu

Consumption-weighted average price for asphalt and road 

lubricants, petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, special nmiscellaneous petroleum products.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Source: Table 3.3.

1 Nominal dollars.2 Electricity purchased by end users.3 Liquefied petroleum gases.

Figure 3.3 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy

Gas 

Gasoline Fuel

Natural Gas

Petroleum

Coal

Wood and Waste

Nuclear Fuel

4

$8.41

in 1999

Waste

Prices1 by Energy Type, Indexed, 1970-1999

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995

02468

10

Index: 1970=1.00
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 3.3 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy, 1970-1999 (Nominal Dollars per Million Btu)

Year

Primary Energy 1

E

Coal 

Natural

Gas

Petroleum

Nuclear

Fuel

Wood

and

Waste Total 4

Distillate

Fuel

Jet

Fuel LPG 2

Motor

Gasoline

Residual

Fuel Other 3 Total

1970 0.37 0.59 1.16 0.73 1.46 2.85 0.42 1.38 1.72 0.18 1.29 1.08 1971 0.42 0.63 1.22 0.77 1.49 2.90 0.58 1.44 1.79 0.18 1.31 1.15 1972 0.45 0.68 1.22 0.79 1.52 2.88 0.62 1.49 1.78 0.18 1.33 1.18 1973 0.48 0.73 1.46 0.92 2.02 3.10 0.75 1.57 1.97 0.19 1.39 1.29 1974 0.88 0.89 2.44 1.58 2.81 4.32 1.82 2.59 3.06 0.20 1.50 1.94 1975 1.03 1.18 2.60 2.05 2.97 4.65 1.93 2.92 3.35 0.24 1.50 2.19 1976 1.04 1.46 2.77 2.25 3.21 4.84 1.90 3.07 3.47 0.25 1.53 2.34 1977 1.11 1.76 3.11 2.59 3.65 5.13 2.14 3.25 3.73 0.27 1.58 2.57 1978 1.28 1.95 3.26 2.87 3.60 5.24 2.08 3.44 3.84 0.30 1.61 2.71 1979 1.36 2.31 4.69 3.90 4.50 7.11 2.83 4.69 5.23 0.34 1.88 3.47 1980 1.47 2.86 6.70 6.36 5.64 9.84 3.88 7.02 7.40 0.43 2.26 4.57 1981 1.65 3.43 8.03 7.57 6.18 10.94 4.91 8.63 8.68 0.48 2.53 5.24 1982 1.73 4.23 7.78 7.23 6.66 10.39 4.65 7.83 8.39 0.54 2.54 5.32 1983 1.71 4.72 7.32 6.53 7.17 9.12 4.50 7.58 7.77 0.58 2.43 5.11 1984 1.71 4.75 7.36 6.25 6.93 8.89 4.75 7.64 7.67 0.67 2.50 5.02 1985 1.70 4.61 7.18 5.91 6.54 9.01 4.30 7.52 7.62 0.71 R2.41 4.90 

1986 1.62 4.07 5.66 3.92 6.42 6.79 2.37 5.77 5.72 0.70 R2.10 3.95 

1987 1.54 3.77 5.94 4.03 6.06 R7.23 2.86 5.59 6.03 0.71 R2.07 3.97 1988 1.50 3.78 5.80 3.80 5.86 R7.33 2.35 5.23 5.90 0.73 R2.08 3.87 

1989 1.49 3.85 6.45 4.39 5.53 R8.02 2.72 5.47 R6.43 0.70 R1.74 4.09 

1990 1.49 3.85 7.70 5.68 6.75 9.12 3.16 5.80 7.47 0.67 R1.70 R4.49 1991 1.49 3.78 7.28 4.83 6.79 8.93 2.62 5.72 7.19 0.63 R1.76 4.32 

1992 1.45 3.89 7.11 4.52 6.19 8.96 2.27 5.49 7.07 0.59 R1.67 R4.28 

1993 1.43 4.16 7.10 4.29 6.20 R8.83 2.25 5.47 7.01 0.56 R1.59 R4.30 1994 1.39 4.15 7.03 3.95 6.61 R8.96 2.32 5.46 R7.07 0.56 R1.51 R4.31 

1995 1.37 3.81 7.02 4.00 6.54 R9.22 2.46 5.72 R7.29 0.54 R1.44 4.29 

1996 1.33 4.33 7.90 4.82 R8.01 R9.85 2.79 6.22 R8.02 0.51 R1.53 4.70 1997 1.31 R4.63 7.70 4.53 7.42 R9.81 R2.93 R5.91 R7.87 0.51 R1.43 R4.73 

1998 1.29 4.25 6.63 3.35 5.99 8.45 2.15 5.06 6.65 0.50 1.42 4.14 

1999 1.26 4.26 7.24 4.01 6.64 9.31 2.30 5.32 7.33 0.47 1.55 4.44 

1 Primary energy is all energy, including that consumed to produce electricity but excluding the

electricity produced. 2 Liquefied petroleum gases. 3 Consumption-weighted average price for asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants,petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, special naphthas, waxes, and miscellaneous petroleumproducts. 4 The "Primary Energy Total" and "Total Energy" prices include consumption-weighted average prices

for coal coke imports and coal coke exports that are not shown in imports averaged 2.83 dollars per million Btu and coal coke exports 

R=Revised. Note: There are no direct fuel costs for hydroelectric, geothermalWeb Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/seper/contents.html. Source: Energy Information Administration (EIA), State Energ

(November 2001), Table 5. 
76 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Expenditures1 by Energy Type, Indexed, 1970-1999

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995

02468

10

Index: 1970=1.00

Total Energy, 1970-1999

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995

0

200400600

Billion Dollars'

 Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubrica

petroleum coke, special naphthas, waxes, and miscellaneous p

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Source: Table 3.4.

Figure 3.4 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy

Gas 

Gasoline Fuel Fuel 

Electricity

Petroleum

Coal

Natural Gas

4 1 Nominal dollars.

2 Electricity purchased by end users.3 Liquefied petroleum gases.

$559 billion

in 1999

By Energy Type, 1999

Petroleum Electricity2 Natural 

0

50

100150200250300

263

217

84

Billion Dollars'

By Petroleum Product, 1999

Motor Distillate LPG3 Jet 

0

50

100150200

149

55

19 14 

Billion Dollars'
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 3.4 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy, 1970-1999 (Million Nominal Dollars)

Year

Primary Energy 1

Coal 

Net

Imports of

Coal Coke 2

Natural

Gas

Petroleum

Nuclear

Fuel

Wood

and

Waste Total

Distillate

Fuel

Jet

Fuel LPG 3

Motor

Gasoline

Residual

Fuel Other 4 Total

1970 4,594 -75 10,891 6,253 1,441 2,446 31,596 2,046 R4,159 47,942 44 438 63,833 

1971 4,883 -40 12,065 6,890 1,582 2,531 33,478 R2,933 4,429 51,844 73 446 69,271 

1972 5,412 -26 13,198 7,552 1,682 2,889 35,346 3,458 R4,756 55,682 104 476 74,845 1973 6,251 7 13,933 9,524 2,001 3,933 39,667 4,667 R5,300 65,091 R177 502 85,961 

1974 11,145 150 16,380 R15,217 3,208 5,273 54,194 R10,547 R8,264 96,704 259 544 125,182 

1975 13,047 82 20,061 15,680 4,193 5,231 59,446 10,374 8,448 103,372 448 534 137,544 1976 14,079 44 25,097 18,402 4,567 5,993 64,977 11,648 R9,880 115,468 520 622 155,830 

1977 15,448 67 29,602 22,004 5,517 6,824 70,591 14,381 11,719 131,036 743 694 177,590 

1978 17,595 362 33,185 23,587 6,205 6,621 74,513 13,747 13,294 137,967 915 782 190,806 1979 20,421 259 40,785 32,854 8,603 9,383 95,916 17,656 R18,760 183,173 941 964 246,543 

1980 22,648 -78 51,061 40,797 13,923 10,926 124,408 21,573 26,001 237,628 1,189 R1,252 R313,700 

1981 26,231 -31 60,544 48,200 15,607 11,900 138,138 22,668 R28,445 264,957 1,436 1,452 354,589 1982 26,426 -52 68,292 44,087 14,974 12,925 130,305 17,632 R22,355 242,279 1,684 1,475 R340,104 

1983 27,051 -44 72,000 41,846 13,979 14,083 R115,803 14,099 21,536 R221,345 1,859 1,504 R323,715 

1984 29,093 -22 77,169 44,580 15,097 14,143 R114,429 14,410 R22,576 R225,234 2,384 1,552 R335,408 1985 29,723 -34 72,938 43,759 14,747 13,545 R118,048 11,493 22,004 R223,597 2,930 R1,493 R330,647 

1986 27,895 -40 59,702 34,995 10,505 12,694 R91,529 7,486 17,579 R174,788 3,125 R1,319 R266,788 

1987 27,566 7 58,019 37,587 11,448 12,859 R99,864 8,062 17,581 R187,400 3,486 R1,299 R277,778 1988 28,365 116 61,089 38,593 11,318 12,775 R103,323 7,259 R16,674 R189,941 4,111 R1,358 R284,980 

1989 28,105 137 65,383 43,246 13,434 12,154 R112,720 8,354 16,965 R206,872 3,992 R1,656 R306,245 

1990 28,372 22 64,102 49,430 17,784 13,680 R126,558 8,707 19,169 R235,328 4,142 R1,678 R333,528 1991 27,871 R44 64,697 45,181 14,609 14,922 R123,118 6,786 18,160 R222,776 R4,173 R1,782 R321,424 

1992 27,409 R126 68,400 45,110 13,559 14,161 R125,249 5,575 R18,267 R221,923 3,878 R1,792 R323,598 

1993 27,763 R96 75,941 45,885 13,002 13,961 R126,560 5,439 R18,250 R223,096 3,658 R1,673 R332,295 1994 27,186 R214 77,716 47,240 12,474 16,253 R130,068 5,288 R18,654 R229,976 3,858 R1,893 R341,026 

1995 26,861 R234 74,150 47,845 12,525 16,250 R136,647 4,667 19,175 R237,110 3,865 R1,877 R344,246 

1996 R27,369 R156 85,634 56,675 15,770 R21,159 R148,344 5,297 R21,202 R268,447 3,666 R2,059 R387,469 1997 R27,523 R170 R91,736 56,199 15,000 R19,861 R149,668 R5,211 R21,683 R267,621 3,396 R1,817 R392,405 

1998 27,195 188 81,628 48,763 11,239 15,343 132,730 4,288 20,004 232,367 3,613 1,813 346,869 

1999 25,920 140 83,512 54,996 13,878 19,147 149,260 4,300 21,332 262,912 3,617 2,341 378,554 

1 Primary energy is all energy, including that consumed to produce electricity but excluding the electricity

produced. 2 Values derive from U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report IM-145"and "Monthly Report IM-545," and may differ slightly from those shown on Table 3.7, which derive fromBureau of the Census, U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services. FT600 series. 3 Liquefied petroleum gases. 4 Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants, petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum

coke, special naphthas, waxes, and miscellaneous petroleum product

R=Revised. Notes: There are no direct fuel costs for hydroelectric, geothe

may not equal the sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/seper/contents.html.Source: Energy Information Administration (EIA), State Energy 

(November 2001), Table 5. 
78 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

By Fuel, 1949-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 

0

102030405060708090

100

110

Billion Chained (1996) Dollars

1 Natural gas, coal, and coal coke.Notes: Prices are in chained (1996) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product 

implicit price deflators. See Table E1. Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared. 

Source: Table 3.5.

Total, 1949-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

255075

100125150

Billion Chained (1996) Dollars

By Fuel, 2001

Crude Oil Petroleum Products Other1

0

20406080

68

26

17

Billion Chained (1996) Dollars

Figure 3.5 Value of Fossil Fuel Imports
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 3.5 Value of Fossil Fuel Imports, 1949-2001 (Billion Dollars)

Year

Coal Coal Coke Natural Gas Crude Oil 1 Petroleum Products 2 

Nominal Real 3 Nominal Real 3 Nominal Real 3 Nominal Real 3 Nominal Real 3 

1949 (s) 0.01 (s) 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.30 1.77 0.14 0.79 1950 (s) 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.37 2.12 0.21 1.23 1951 (s) 0.01 (s) 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.37 2.00 0.23 1.21 1952 (s) 0.01 (s) 0.02 (s) (s) 0.42 2.23 0.25 1.33 1953 (s) 0.01 (s) 0.01 (s) 0.01 0.51 2.65 0.25 1.31 1954 (s) 0.01 (s) 0.01 (s) (s) 0.54 2.80 0.28 1.46 1955 (s) 0.01 (s) 0.01 (s) 0.01 0.65 3.31 0.44 2.23 1956 (s) 0.01 (s) 0.01 (s) 0.01 0.84 4.10 0.45 2.19 1957 (s) 0.01 (s) 0.01 (s) 0.02 0.98 4.64 0.57 2.69 1958 (s) 0.01 (s) 0.01 0.02 0.10 0.94 4.34 0.68 3.16 1959 (s) 0.01 (s) 0.01 0.03 0.12 0.87 3.99 0.66 3.03 1960 (s) 0.01 (s) 0.01 0.03 0.13 0.90 4.03 0.73 3.30 1961 (s) 0.01 (s) 0.01 0.04 0.20 0.93 4.16 0.71 3.16 1962 (s) 0.01 (s) 0.01 0.09 0.38 1.01 4.45 0.75 3.31 1963 (s) 0.01 (s) 0.01 0.10 0.43 1.03 4.46 0.74 3.21 1964 (s) 0.01 (s) 0.01 0.10 0.43 1.08 4.63 0.78 3.35 1965 (s) 0.01 (s) 0.01 0.11 0.44 1.12 4.71 0.92 3.88 1966 (s) 0.01 (s) 0.01 0.11 0.43 1.12 4.56 0.99 4.04 1967 (s) 0.01 (s) 0.01 0.13 0.51 1.06 4.22 1.02 4.03 1968 (s) 0.01 (s) 0.01 0.15 0.56 1.18 4.50 1.16 4.43 1969 (s) (s) (s) 0.01 0.20 0.71 1.30 4.71 1.24 4.49 1970 (s) (s) (s) 0.01 0.26 0.89 1.26 4.34 1.48 5.10 1971 (s) 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.31 1.02 1.69 5.53 1.66 5.43 1972 (s) (s) (s) 0.01 0.31 0.99 2.37 7.45 1.99 6.25 1973 (s) (s) 0.04 0.12 0.36 1.08 4.24 12.62 3.50 10.41 1974 0.06 0.16 0.19 0.53 0.53 1.45 15.25 41.65 11.01 30.07 1975 0.02 0.05 0.16 0.39 1.15 2.88 18.29 45.69 6.77 16.91 1976 0.02 0.04 0.11 0.26 1.66 3.92 25.46 60.18 6.65 15.72 1977 0.04 0.09 0.13 0.29 2.00 4.44 33.59 74.61 8.42 18.70 1978 0.07 0.15 0.41 0.85 2.06 4.27 32.30 66.97 7.30 15.14 1979 0.05 0.10 0.34 0.65 3.13 5.98 46.06 88.15 10.45 20.00 1980 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.09 4.21 7.39 61.90 108.52 12.54 21.99 1981 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.07 4.41 7.07 61.46 98.54 14.30 22.92 1982 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.01 4.69 7.09 45.72 69.02 13.86 20.92 1983 0.04 0.06 (s) (s) 4.39 6.37 36.49 52.98 14.84 21.55 1984 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.07 3.44 4.81 36.44 51.01 17.87 25.01 1985 0.07 0.10 0.04 0.06 3.05 4.14 32.90 44.65 17.47 23.70 1986 0.08 0.11 0.03 0.03 1.82 2.42 22.61 30.02 12.18 16.18 1987 0.06 0.07 0.05 0.07 1.93 2.49 29.13 37.55 12.37 15.94 1988 0.06 0.08 0.19 0.24 2.38 2.97 27.55 34.34 12.43 15.50 1989 0.10 0.12 0.22 0.26 2.51 3.01 35.53 42.67 13.50 16.21 1990 0.09 0.11 0.07 0.08 2.97 3.44 43.78 50.61 16.90 19.54 1991 0.11 0.13 0.09 0.10 3.24 3.61 36.90 41.16 13.17 14.69 1992 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.16 3.96 4.31 38.55 41.98 11.98 13.05 1993 0.25 0.27 0.17 0.18 4.77 5.07 38.47 40.90 11.74 12.48 1994 0.27 0.28 0.27 0.29 4.90 5.11 38.48 40.08 11.14 11.61 1995 0.32 0.33 0.33 0.33 4.23 4.31 42.81 43.64 9.95 10.14 1996 0.27 0.27 0.24 0.24 5.79 5.79 54.93 54.93 15.27 15.27 1997 0.26 0.25 0.25 0.25 6.50 6.37 54.23 53.19 R,416.93 R,416.60 

1998 0.28 0.27 0.29 0.28 6.21 6.02 37.25 R36.10 13.01 12.61 

1999 0.28 0.27 0.23 0.22 8.03 R7.68 50.89 R48.63 16.28 R15.56 2000 0.38 0.35 0.25 0.23 R14.94 R13.95 R89.88 R83.96 R29.38 R27.44 

2001P 0.67 0.62 0.17 0.16 17.77 16.25 74.43 68.05 28.44 26.00 

1 Includes imports into the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977. 2 Includes petroleum preparations; liquefied propane; and butane; and since 1997 other mineral fuels. 3 In chained (1996) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See

Table E1. 4 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1996 and 1997 due to the addition of thecommodity category "other mineral fuels."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.005 billion. Notes: Includes value of imports into Puerto Rico from foreign co

States and the District of Columbia from the Virgin Islands and Puerto components due to independent rounding.

Sources: See end of section.
80 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 3.6 Value of Fossil Fuel Exports

By Fuel, 1949-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 

0123456789

10

Billion Chained (1996) Dollars

Source: Table 3.6.

Coal

1 Natural gas, crude oil, and coal coke.Notes: Prices are in chained (1996) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product 

implicit price deflators. See Table E1. Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared.

Total, 1949-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

05

101520

 Billion Chained (1996) Dollars

By Fuel, 2001

Petroleum Products Coal Other1

02468

10

8

2 2

 Billion Chained (1996) Dollars
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 3.6 Value of Fossil Fuel Exports, 1949-2001 (Billion Dollars)

Year

Coal Coal Coke Natural Gas Crude Oil Petroleum Products 1 

Nominal Real 2 Nominal Real 2 Nominal Real 2 Nominal Real 2 Nominal Real 2 

1949 0.30 1.72 0.01 0.05 (s) 0.01 0.10 0.57 0.46 2.67 1950 0.27 1.54 0.01 0.04 (s) 0.02 0.10 0.59 0.39 2.26 1951 0.59 3.13 0.02 0.09 (s) 0.02 0.08 0.44 0.70 3.74 1952 0.49 2.60 0.01 0.07 (s) 0.02 0.08 0.41 0.74 3.89 1953 0.34 1.74 0.01 0.05 (s) 0.02 0.06 0.31 0.63 3.27 1954 0.30 1.57 0.01 0.03 (s) 0.02 0.05 0.23 0.61 3.13 1955 0.48 2.45 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.20 0.60 3.03 1956 0.73 3.58 0.01 0.06 0.01 0.04 0.09 0.44 0.67 3.26 1957 0.83 3.92 0.01 0.07 0.01 0.06 0.17 0.82 0.81 3.82 1958 0.53 2.43 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.07 0.01 0.07 0.51 2.36 1959 0.38 1.73 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.45 2.06 1960 0.35 1.59 0.01 0.03 (s) 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.47 2.10 1961 0.34 1.52 0.01 0.04 (s) 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.57 2.55 1962 0.38 1.66 0.01 0.03 (s) 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.43 1.90 1963 0.47 2.06 0.01 0.04 (s) 0.02 (s) 0.02 0.43 1.86 1964 0.46 1.98 0.01 0.04 (s) 0.02 (s) 0.02 0.43 1.84 1965 0.48 2.01 0.02 0.07 0.01 0.03 (s) 0.02 0.44 1.85 1966 0.47 1.91 0.02 0.10 0.02 0.07 0.01 0.04 0.46 1.86 1967 0.48 1.91 0.02 0.07 0.03 0.13 0.09 0.37 0.48 1.90 1968 0.50 1.91 0.02 0.07 0.04 0.15 0.01 0.04 0.48 1.83 1969 0.59 2.15 0.04 0.14 0.03 0.09 0.01 0.02 0.46 1.68 1970 0.96 3.31 0.08 0.27 0.03 0.10 0.02 0.06 0.50 1.73 1971 0.90 2.95 0.04 0.15 0.04 0.13 0.01 0.02 0.50 1.65 1972 0.98 3.09 0.03 0.10 0.04 0.12 (s) 0.01 0.49 1.54 1973 1.01 3.02 0.03 0.10 0.04 0.12 (s) 0.01 0.57 1.70 1974 2.44 6.65 0.04 0.12 0.05 0.15 0.01 0.04 0.87 2.38 1975 3.26 8.14 0.07 0.19 0.09 0.23 (s) (s) 1.01 2.52 1976 2.91 6.88 0.07 0.16 0.10 0.24 0.03 0.06 1.07 2.53 1977 2.66 5.90 0.07 0.16 0.11 0.24 0.21 0.46 1.14 2.53 1978 2.05 4.25 0.05 0.10 0.11 0.23 0.39 0.81 1.23 2.56 1979 3.40 6.50 0.08 0.15 0.13 0.24 0.39 0.75 1.58 3.03 1980 4.63 8.11 0.13 0.23 0.23 0.40 0.75 1.32 2.12 3.72 1981 5.92 9.49 0.07 0.12 0.35 0.56 0.58 0.92 3.24 5.19 1982 5.99 9.04 0.06 0.09 0.30 0.45 0.47 0.71 5.86 8.85 1983 4.06 5.89 0.05 0.07 0.28 0.40 0.22 0.33 4.88 7.08 1984 4.13 5.78 0.07 0.10 0.27 0.38 0.19 0.26 4.62 6.46 1985 4.47 6.06 0.08 0.10 0.26 0.36 0.23 0.31 4.90 6.64 1986 3.93 5.22 0.07 0.09 0.17 0.23 0.12 0.16 3.77 5.00 1987 3.40 4.39 0.05 0.06 0.17 0.21 0.13 0.16 3.80 4.89 1988 4.01 5.00 0.08 0.10 0.20 0.25 0.08 0.10 2.72 3.40 1989 4.29 5.15 0.08 0.10 0.27 0.32 0.21 0.25 2.65 3.19 1990 4.51 5.21 0.05 0.06 0.27 0.31 0.14 0.16 4.23 4.89 1991 4.62 5.15 0.05 0.06 0.33 0.37 0.03 0.04 4.65 5.19 1992 4.24 4.61 0.04 0.05 0.49 0.53 0.03 0.04 4.27 4.65 1993 3.09 3.28 0.06 0.06 0.36 0.39 0.02 0.02 4.15 4.41 1994 2.85 2.97 0.04 0.04 0.40 0.42 0.05 0.05 3.36 3.50 1995 3.57 3.63 0.05 0.05 0.37 0.38 0.01 0.01 3.56 3.63 1996 3.69 3.69 0.06 0.06 0.46 0.46 0.56 0.56 4.25 4.25 1997 3.39 3.32 0.05 0.05 0.47 0.47 1.04 1.02 37.55 37.41 

1998 3.04 2.94 0.04 0.04 0.39 0.38 0.90 0.87 5.68 5.50 

1999 2.13 2.04 0.03 0.03 0.43 0.41 0.77 0.74 6.35 6.06 2000 2.04 1.91 0.05 0.05 R1.00 R0.93 R0.46 R0.43 R9.73 R9.09 

2001P 1.80 1.64 0.04 0.04 1.54 1.41 0.18 0.16 8.67 7.92 

1 Includes petroleum preparations, liquefied propane and butane and since 1997 other mineral fuels. 2 In chained (1996) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See

Table E1. 3 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1996 and 1997 due to the addition of thecommodity category "other mineral fuels."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.005 billion. Notes: Includes value of exports from Puerto Rico to foreign countries; excludes shipments from the

50 States and the District of Columbia to the Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico. Totals may not equal sumof components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Natural Gas: 1949-1971—Bureau of the Census, U.S. Exports, FT410. 1972 and

1973—Federal Power Commission, Pipeline Imports and Exports oLNG. 1974-1977—Federal Power Commission, United States 

annual reports. 1978-1981—Energy Information Administratio

Natural Gas, annual reports. 1982-1998—EIA, Natural Gas Mont

Natural Gas Monthly (August 2001). 2001—Calculated fro

2002),Tables 5 and 6. Crude Oil and Petroleum Products: 1Exports, FT410. 1989 forward—Bureau of the Census, Foreign TFT900. "Exports and Imports of Goods by Principal SITC Commod

Bureau of the Census, Foreign Trade Division, unpublished data.
82 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 3.7 Value of Fossil Fuel Net Imports, 1949-2001

Value of Fossil Fuel Net Imports by Fuel

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

-25

0

255075

100125150

Billion Chained (1996) Dollars

1 Includes small amounts of coal coke.Notes: Negative net imports are net exports. Prices are in chained (1996) dollars, calculated by 

using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See Table E1.

 Source: Table 3.7.

Value of Fossil Fuel Net Imports

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

-25

0

255075

100125150

Billion Chained (1996) Dollars

Crude Oil and

Petroleum Products

Natural G

Coal1

++

+

++

+

+++

+

+

+

Billion Chained (1996) Dollars Billion Chained (1996) Dollars
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 3.7 Value of Fossil Fuel Net Imports, 1949-2001 (Billion Dollars)

Year

Coal Coal Coke Natural Gas Crude Oil Petroleum Products 1 

Nominal Real 2 Nominal Real 2 Nominal Real 2 Nominal Real 2 Nominal Real 2 

1949 -0.29 -1.71 (s) -0.03 (s) -0.01 0.21 1.19 -0.32 -1.88 1950 -0.27 -1.53 (s) (s) (s) -0.02 0.27 1.53 -0.18 -1.03 1951 -0.58 -3.12 -0.02 -0.08 (s) -0.02 0.29 1.57 -0.47 -2.53 1952 -0.49 -2.59 -0.01 -0.05 (s) -0.02 0.34 1.82 -0.49 -2.56 1953 -0.33 -1.73 -0.01 -0.04 (s) -0.02 0.45 2.34 -0.38 -1.96 1954 -0.30 -1.56 (s) -0.03 (s) -0.02 0.50 2.57 -0.32 -1.67 1955 -0.48 -2.44 -0.01 -0.03 -0.01 -0.03 0.62 3.11 -0.16 -0.80 1956 -0.73 -3.57 -0.01 -0.05 -0.01 -0.04 0.75 3.65 -0.22 -1.07 1957 -0.83 -3.91 -0.01 -0.06 -0.01 -0.04 0.81 3.82 -0.24 -1.14 1958 -0.52 -2.42 -0.01 -0.03 0.01 0.03 0.92 4.27 0.17 0.80 1959 -0.38 -1.72 -0.01 -0.03 0.02 0.09 0.87 3.96 0.21 0.97 1960 -0.35 -1.59 -0.01 -0.02 0.02 0.11 0.89 4.00 0.26 1.19 1961 -0.34 -1.52 -0.01 -0.03 0.04 0.18 0.92 4.12 0.14 0.61 1962 -0.38 -1.65 -0.01 -0.02 0.08 0.36 1.01 4.43 0.32 1.41 1963 -0.47 -2.05 -0.01 -0.03 0.09 0.41 1.02 4.44 0.31 1.35 1964 -0.46 -1.98 -0.01 -0.04 0.10 0.41 1.08 4.61 0.35 1.51 1965 -0.48 -2.00 -0.01 -0.06 0.10 0.41 1.11 4.69 0.48 2.03 1966 -0.47 -1.91 -0.02 -0.09 0.09 0.36 1.11 4.52 0.53 2.17 1967 -0.48 -1.91 -0.01 -0.06 0.10 0.39 0.97 3.86 0.54 2.13 1968 -0.50 -1.90 -0.02 -0.06 0.11 0.41 1.17 4.46 0.68 2.60 1969 -0.59 -2.15 -0.04 -0.13 0.17 0.61 1.29 4.68 0.78 2.82 1970 -0.96 -3.31 -0.08 -0.26 0.23 0.78 1.24 4.27 0.98 3.38 1971 -0.90 -2.95 -0.04 -0.13 0.27 0.90 1.68 5.51 1.15 3.78 1972 -0.98 -3.09 -0.03 -0.08 0.28 0.87 2.37 7.44 1.50 4.71 1973 -1.01 -3.01 0.01 0.02 0.32 0.95 4.24 12.61 2.93 8.71 1974 -2.38 -6.50 0.15 0.41 0.48 1.30 15.24 41.61 10.14 27.69 1975 -3.24 -8.09 0.08 0.20 1.06 2.65 18.29 45.69 5.76 14.39 1976 -2.89 -6.84 0.04 0.10 1.56 3.69 25.43 60.12 5.58 13.20 1977 -2.62 -5.81 0.06 0.13 1.89 4.21 33.38 74.15 7.28 16.17 1978 -1.98 -4.10 0.36 0.75 1.95 4.04 31.91 66.16 6.07 12.59 1979 -3.35 -6.40 0.26 0.50 3.00 5.74 45.66 87.40 8.87 16.97 1980 -4.60 -8.06 -0.08 -0.14 3.98 6.99 61.15 107.20 10.42 18.27 1981 -5.89 -9.44 -0.03 -0.05 4.06 6.51 60.88 97.61 11.06 17.73 1982 -5.97 -9.01 -0.05 -0.08 4.39 6.63 45.25 68.31 8.00 12.08 1983 -4.01 -5.83 -0.04 -0.06 4.11 5.97 36.27 52.65 9.96 14.47 1984 -4.09 -5.72 -0.02 -0.03 3.17 4.44 36.26 50.75 13.25 18.55 1985 -4.39 -5.96 -0.03 -0.05 2.79 3.78 32.68 44.34 12.57 17.06 1986 -3.85 -5.11 -0.04 -0.05 1.65 2.19 22.49 29.86 8.42 11.17 1987 -3.35 -4.32 0.01 0.01 1.76 2.27 29.00 37.39 8.57 11.05 1988 -3.95 -4.92 0.12 0.15 2.18 2.72 27.47 34.25 9.71 12.11 1989 -4.19 -5.03 0.14 0.16 2.24 2.69 35.32 42.42 10.85 13.02 1990 -4.42 -5.11 0.02 0.03 2.71 3.13 43.65 50.45 12.67 14.65 1991 -4.51 -5.03 0.04 0.05 2.90 3.23 36.87 41.12 8.52 9.50 1992 -4.11 -4.48 0.10 0.11 3.47 3.78 38.52 41.94 7.72 8.40 1993 -2.83 -3.01 0.11 0.11 4.41 4.69 38.45 40.88 7.59 8.07 1994 -2.58 -2.68 0.23 0.24 4.50 4.68 38.43 40.03 7.78 8.10 1995 -3.24 -3.31 0.27 0.28 3.86 3.93 42.81 43.64 6.39 6.51 1996 -3.41 -3.41 0.18 0.18 5.33 5.33 54.37 54.37 11.01 11.01 1997 -3.13 -3.07 0.20 0.19 6.02 5.91 53.19 52.17 39.37 39.19 

1998 -2.75 -2.67 0.25 0.24 5.82 5.64 36.36 R35.23 7.33 R7.11 

1999 -1.85 -1.77 0.20 0.19 7.61 R7.27 50.12 R47.89 9.94 R9.50 2000 -1.66 -1.56 0.20 0.19 R13.94 R13.02 R89.41 R83.53 R19.65 R18.35 

2001P -1.13 -1.03 0.13 0.12 16.23 14.84 74.25 67.89 19.78 18.08 

1 Includes petroleum preparations, liquefied propane and butane and since 1997 other mineral fuels. 2 In chained (1996) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See

Table E1. 3 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1996 and 1997 due to the addition of thecommodity category "other mineral fuels."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.005 billion. Notes: Net imports = imports minus exports. Totals may 

independent rounding. Data on this table may not equal data on Taindependent rounding.

Sources: Tables 3.5 and 3.6.
84 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 3.8 Major U.S. Energy Companies' Domestic Production and Refining, 1974-2000

Major Energy Companies' Shares of U.S. Total Production 

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

10203040506070

Percent Uranium

Dry Natural Gas Production by Major Energy Companies

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0369

1215

Trillion Cubic Feet

Major Energy Companies' Shares of U.S. Refining Capacity a

1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

255075

100

Percent

Notes: Major U.S. Energy Companies are the top publicly-owned crude oil and natural Source: Table 3.8.

gas producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reporting System (FRS). See Table 3.12. Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared.

Coal Production by Major Energy Companies

1975 1980 1985 

0

100200300400

Million Short Tons

Output

Dry Natural Gas Liquids

Crude Oil and Natural Gas Liquids

Coal

Crude Oil and Natural Gas Liquids Productionby Major Energy Companies

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

02468

Million Barrels per Day

Note: Expanded coverage of refining in 1998 Financial Reporting System.
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 3.8 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Domestic Production and Refining, 1974-2000

Year

Production Re

Crude Oil and

Natural Gas Liquids

(million barrels per day)

Dry Natural Gas

(trillion cubic feet)

Coal 1

(million short tons)

Uranium

(million pounds U3O8)

Capacity 2,3

(million barrels per day)

1974 5.9 11.6 87.4 NA 13.3 1975 5.6 11.0 88.1 4.3 13.4 1976 5.4 10.6 89.0 3.3 14.2 1977 5.5 10.3 89.1 16.0 14.6 1978 5.8 10.1 85.5 17.3 14.8 1979 5.7 9.9 123.3 16.7 14.4 1980 5.7 9.3 142.3 19.0 15.1 1981 5.7 9.2 154.8 14.5 14.6 1982 5.7 8.3 195.2 9.2 13.6 1983 5.6 7.4 185.2 6.6 13.0 1984 5.7 7.9 226.0 4.1 12.8 1985 5.8 7.3 230.4 2.1 12.6 1986 5.7 7.1 227.6 1.6 12.5 1987 5.7 7.2 255.3 0.0 12.5 1988 5.7 7.6 285.3 0.0 12.3 1989 5.2 7.5 286.9 0.0 11.5 1990 5.0 7.6 282.0 0.0 11.4 1991 5.0 7.5 289.6 0.0 11.2 1992 4.8 7.9 251.9 0.0 11.0 1993 4.5 7.7 197.3 0.0 10.7 1994 4.4 8.0 179.7 0.0 10.6 1995 4.3 8.1 165.4 0.0 10.4 1996 4.2 8.2 169.4 0.0 10.5 1997 4.0 8.3 163.3 0.0 9.4 1998 3.8 8.4 73.9 0.0 414.3 

1999 3.6 8.0 44.0 0.0 14.2 

2000 3.5 8.4 35.5 0.0 14.4 

Percent of U.S. Total

1974 56.0 56.1 14.3 NA 92.5 1975 56.1 57.4 13.5 18.6 89.8 1976 55.7 55.6 13.0 13.0 93.4 1977 55.3 53.6 12.8 53.4 89.0 1978 56.8 52.7 12.8 46.8 86.7 1979 56.3 50.3 15.8 44.7 82.4 1980 56.1 47.7 17.2 43.5 83.9 1981 55.8 47.8 18.8 37.7 78.2 1982 55.9 46.7 23.3 34.2 76.2 1983 55.1 45.8 23.7 31.4 77.2 1984 54.3 45.5 25.2 27.8 79.1 1985 54.9 44.6 26.1 18.9 80.6 1986 56.0 44.5 25.6 12.1 81.0 1987 57.0 43.4 27.8 0.0 80.1 1988 58.8 44.6 30.0 0.0 77.2 1989 57.2 43.2 29.3 0.0 73.4 1990 55.8 42.6 27.4 0.0 73.0 1991 54.9 42.4 29.1 0.0 71.5 1992 53.9 44.2 25.3 0.0 69.8 1993 52.1 42.3 20.9 0.0 70.9 1994 52.1 42.5 17.4 0.0 70.8 1995 51.7 43.3 16.0 0.0 67.6 1996 50.5 43.4 15.9 0.0 68.3 1997 48.3 43.9 15.0 0.0 60.9 1998 47.5 R44.1 6.6 0.0 490.9 

1999 46.3 R42.4 4.0 0.0 87.1 

2000 44.8 44.0 3.3 0.0 87.2 

1 Bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, and lignite. 2 Operable capacity as of January 1 of the following year. 3 Includes Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. 4 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1997 and 1998 due to the expanded coverage of

the Financial Reporting System (FRS).

NA=Not available. Notes: Major U.S. Energy Companies are the top publicly-owned, U.S.-based crude oil and natural

gas producers and petroleum refiners that form the FRS. See Tabl

Gas Liquids and Dry Natural Gas production are on a net ownership 

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/finance.Sources: Production and Refining: 1974-1976—Energy I

EIA-28, "Financial Reporting System" database, November 1998. Profiles of Major Energy Producers, annual reports. Percent of U.S

and 9.3.
86 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 3.9 Major U.S. Energy Companies' Net Income

Total by Type of Business, 2000

Petroleum

0

102030405060

53.5

0

2.7 3.5

Billion Dollars1

Foreign Petroleum and Nby Activity, 2000

Production R

0

102030405060

18.0

Billion Dollars1

U. S. Petroleum and Natural Gas by Activity, 2000

Production Refining Rate

0

102030405060

22.6

7.7

2.3

Billion Dollars1

Petroleum

and

Natural Gas

Coal Nuclear

and Other

Energy

NonEnergy Production Refining and

Marketing

Rate

Regulated

Pipelines

Production R

M

1 Nominal dollars.(s)=Less than 0.05 billion.

Note: Major U.S. Energy Companies are the top publicly-owned cr

producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reporting Syste Source: Table 3.9.

Total, 1974-2000

1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000

0

102030405060

Billion Dollars1

U.S. Petroleum and Natural Gas, 1977-2000

1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998

0

102030405060

Billion Dollars1

Foreign Petroleum and N

1977 1980 1983 198

0

102030405060

Billion Dollars1

(s) 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 3.9 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Net Income, 1974-2000 (Billion Dollars1

)

Year

U.S. Petroleum and Natural Gas Foreign Petroleum and Natural Gas Type of Bu

Production

Refining

and

Marketing

Rate

Regulated

Pipelines Total 2 Production

Refining

and

Marketing

International

Marine Total 2

Petroleum

and

Natural

Gas Coal

Nucle

and

Othe

Energ

1974 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1975 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1976 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1977 6.4 1.5 0.8 8.6 3.6 0.7 0.1 4.4 13.0 0.2 (s) 1978 6.7 1.6 1.2 9.5 3.5 1.8 -0.1 5.2 14.7 0.1 -0.1 1979 9.4 2.3 1.7 13.4 5.2 4.3 0.1 9.7 23.0 0.3 -0.1 1980 13.8 2.5 1.7 17.9 6.9 4.3 0.1 11.2 29.1 0.3 (s) 1981 16.8 1.3 1.8 19.9 8.0 1.6 -0.1 9.6 29.5 0.4 -0.3 1982 14.1 1.9 2.3 18.3 6.1 0.8 -0.3 6.7 25.0 0.4 -0.3 1983 12.2 1.6 2.0 15.9 7.2 1.3 -0.5 8.2 24.0 0.5 (s) 1984 13.3 0.1 2.5 15.8 7.5 0.7 -0.4 7.8 23.6 0.6 -0.1 1985 12.1 2.3 2.3 16.7 8.0 0.5 -0.4 8.1 24.8 0.4 -0.3 1986 0.9 1.6 2.6 5.2 4.7 2.9 0.1 7.7 12.9 0.2 (s) 1987 4.7 1.1 2.6 8.4 5.4 1.0 -0.1 6.4 14.8 0.4 (s) 1988 3.2 5.4 2.0 10.6 4.3 2.4 0.1 6.9 17.5 0.6 -0.1 1989 3.1 4.5 1.9 9.5 4.7 1.8 0.2 6.7 16.2 0.4 -0.1 1990 8.7 2.2 2.1 12.9 7.4 2.8 0.2 10.5 23.4 0.3 0.1 1991 5.1 0.9 2.0 7.9 5.4 4.1 0.3 9.8 17.7 0.6 0.1 1992 5.6 -0.2 2.1 7.5 4.7 2.2 (s) 6.9 14.4 -0.5 0.1 1993 4.8 1.7 1.6 8.1 5.2 3.2 (s) 8.4 16.5 0.4 0.1 1994 4.8 1.8 1.8 8.5 4.0 2.0 (s) 5.9 14.4 0.2 0.2 1995 3.7 0.5 2.2 6.4 5.9 2.4 (s) 8.3 14.7 0.3 0.2 1996 11.8 2.3 1.6 15.7 9.2 2.0 (s) 11.2 26.9 0.5 0.2 1997 11.6 3.1 1.3 16.0 9.6 3.6 0.1 13.3 29.3 0.3 0.3 1998 0.5 5.9 1.4 7.8 2.0 2.9 0.1 5.1 12.8 0.5 0.9 1999 7.4 4.9 2.4 14.8 8.2 1.9 (s) 10.1 24.8 0.2 0.7 2000 22.6 7.7 2.3 32.6 18.0 2.9 (s) 21.0 53.5 (s) 2.7 

1 Nominal dollars. 2 Total is sum of components shown, plus eliminations and nontraceables, which are defined in the

glossary.

NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 billion and greater than -0.05 billion. Note: Major U.S. Energy Companies are the top publicly-owned, U.S.-based crude oil and natural gas

producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reporting S

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/finance.Sources: 1974-1976—Energy Information Administration (EIA

System" database, November 1997. 1977 forward—EIA, P

Producers, annual reports.
88 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 3.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies' Profitability

Foreign Petroleum and by Activity, 2000

Production 

05

101520

16.7

Percent

U. S. Petroleum and Natural Gas by Activity, 2000

Production Refining Rate

05

101520

18.3

9.6

5.9

Percent

Total by Type of Business, 2000

Petroleum

Coal

Nuclear

Non-Energy

05

101520

14.0

1.7

11.0

7.2

Percent

Notes: Major U.S. Energy Companies are the top publicly-owned crude oil and natural gas 

producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reporting System (FRS). See Table 3.12. 

Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared. 

Petroleum

and

Natural Gas

Coal Nuclear

and Other

Energy

NonEnergy Production Refining and

Marketing

Rate

Regulated

Pipelines

Production 

Source: Table 3.10.

Total, 1974-2000

1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000

06

121824

Percent

U. S. Petroleum and Natural Gas, 1977-2000

1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998

06

121824

Percent

Foreign Petroleum and 

1977 1980 1983 198

06

121824

Percent
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 3.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Profitability, 1974-2000 (Percent)

Year

U.S. Petroleum and Natural Gas Foreign Petroleum and Natural Gas Type of Bu

Production

Refining

and

Marketing

Rate

Regulated

Pipelines Total Production

Refining

and

Marketing

International

Marine Total

Petroleum

and

Natural

Gas Coal

Nucle

and

Othe

Energ

1974 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1975 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1976 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1977 17.5 7.2 7.3 12.5 21.8 5.1 2.6 12.4 12.5 8.8 -2.6 1978 16.4 7.5 10.9 12.8 18.2 12.7 -1.0 13.6 13.1 4.1 -4.2 1979 18.2 9.8 15.1 15.5 23.8 29.1 2.6 23.1 18.0 6.3 -3.7 1980 20.9 9.8 15.1 17.5 25.1 26.4 2.4 23.0 19.2 5.6 -0.7 1981 20.2 4.4 15.6 16.1 25.5 9.0 -1.1 17.7 16.6 6.1 -6.8 1982 14.0 6.0 20.8 12.7 17.4 4.7 -6.3 11.8 12.5 4.4 -5.2 1983 11.3 4.8 16.6 10.3 19.6 7.7 -13.2 14.1 11.3 5.0 0.5 1984 10.8 0.3 20.8 9.4 18.8 4.5 -14.0 13.3 10.4 6.2 -1.8 1985 9.5 6.5 15.0 9.4 20.0 3.3 -19.0 13.8 10.5 4.6 -8.4 1986 0.8 4.5 13.2 3.0 11.6 16.3 5.3 12.8 5.5 2.7 -0.8 1987 4.1 2.9 12.8 4.9 12.4 4.7 -3.6 9.5 6.2 5.1 0.5 1988 2.8 14.7 9.6 6.3 9.2 11.6 6.8 9.9 7.3 6.7 -2.5 1989 2.9 11.5 10.2 5.8 8.9 8.0 12.4 8.7 6.7 5.0 -2.3 1990 8.5 5.1 11.2 7.9 13.1 11.2 11.7 12.5 9.5 3.3 2.6 1991 5.1 2.0 10.7 4.9 9.1 14.6 15.6 11.0 7.0 8.7 2.8 1992 5.9 -0.4 8.4 4.4 8.2 7.8 -1.2 7.9 5.6 -9.3 1.8 1993 5.3 3.4 6.4 4.9 8.6 10.6 1.2 9.2 6.4 7.6 4.1 1994 5.5 3.6 7.6 5.2 6.5 6.1 -2.0 6.2 5.6 4.0 4.8 1995 4.4 1.0 9.1 4.0 9.3 7.2 -2.5 8.4 5.7 6.9 6.1 1996 14.1 4.4 6.9 9.9 12.8 6.0 2.2 10.6 10.1 9.9 7.9 1997 12.5 6.6 6.7 10.0 12.5 10.5 11.8 11.9 10.8 7.2 7.0 1998 0.5 7.9 4.4 3.8 2.2 8.2 8.9 4.0 3.9 26.4 13.2 1999 7.6 6.5 6.4 7.0 8.5 5.1 0.8 7.6 7.2 9.5 7.6 2000 18.3 9.6 5.9 13.5 16.7 8.8 6.4 14.8 14.0 1.7 11.0 

NA=Not available. Notes: Major U.S. Energy Companies are the top publicly-owned, U.S.-based crude oil and natural

gas producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reporting System (FRS). See Table 3.12.

Profitablity measured as contribution to net income/net investment in place.

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/finance.Sources: 1974-1976—Energy Information Administration (EIA

System" database, October 1996. 1977 forward—EIA, Performan

annual reports.
90 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 3.11 U.S. Energy Activities by Foreign-Affiliated Companies, 1978-2000

1 Crude oil and natural gas liquids.2 Expenditures for exploration and development of uranium.3 Nominal dollars.

* 1999 and 2000 uranium values are withheld to avoid disc

data.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Source: Table 3.11.

Petroleum Activities

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0246

Million Barrels per Day

Petroleum Activities

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

05

10152025303540

Share of U.S. Total (Percent)

Natural Gas, Coal, and U

1980 1985 

0

255075

100

Share of U.S. Total (Percent) Refining Capacity

Sales of

Motor Gasoline

Production1

Refining

Capacity

Sales of

Motor Gasoline

Production1

Dry N

Ura

Expenditures for ExplorDevelopment of Uranium

1980 1985 

0

1020304050

Million Dollars3

Dry Natural Gas Production

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0.00.61.21.82.4

Trillion Cubic Feet

Coal Production

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

100200300400

Million Short Tons
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 3.11 U.S. Energy Activities by Foreign-Affiliated Companies, 1978-2000

Year

Production

Refining Capacity

Sales of

Motor Gasoline

Crude Oil and

Natural Gas Liquids Dry Natural Gas Coal Uranium 1

Thousand Barrels per Day Billion Cubic Feet Million Short Tons Thousand Pounds Thousand Barrels per Day 

1978 1,076 783 24 0 1,895 1,066 1979 1,145 786 29 0 1,984 948 1980 1,280 776 31 0 2,066 926 1981 1,438 1,080 106 0 2,595 1,114 1982 1,421 1,055 138 0 2,423 1,092 1983 1,325 924 128 0 2,337 1,022 1984 1,365 1,075 153 0 2,276 1,066 1985 1,455 1,093 147 0 2,656 1,285 1986 1,523 1,276 146 0 3,133 1,565 1987 1,614 1,318 181 0 3,342 1,586 1988 1,659 1,392 195 0 3,356 1,673 1989 1,553 1,452 207 0 4,243 2,084 1990 1,481 1,457 254 0 4,379 2,282 1991 1,469 1,360 238 0 4,312 2,299 1992 1,392 1,368 259 0 4,256 2,369 1993 1,299 1,451 254 0 4,440 2,362 1994 1,261 1,439 295 0 4,479 2,346 1995 1,103 1,191 316 0 4,164 2,204 1996 1,105 1,265 332 0 4,050 2,145 1997 1,154 1,361 327 0 3,637 1,998 1998 1,389 R2,149 R199 0 R4,940 2,721 1999 1,334 2,089 300 33,703 4,877 2,737 

2000 1,214 2,349 284 2,941 4,763 2,971 

Share of U.S. Total (Percent)

1978 10.5 3.9 3.1 0.0 10.9 13.6 1979 11.3 4.0 3.8 0.0 11.0 13.5 1980 12.6 4.0 3.8 0.0 11.1 14.1 1981 14.1 5.6 12.9 0.0 14.5 16.9 1982 13.9 5.9 16.6 0.0 14.4 16.7 1983 12.9 5.8 16.5 0.0 14.4 15.4 1984 12.9 6.2 17.3 0.0 14.5 15.9 1985 13.7 6.7 16.8 0.0 17.2 18.8 1986 14.8 8.0 16.5 0.0 20.1 22.2 1987 16.1 8.0 19.8 0.0 21.0 22.0 1988 16.9 8.1 20.6 0.0 21.4 22.8 1989 16.8 8.4 21.2 0.0 27.2 28.4 1990 16.5 8.2 24.7 0.0 27.9 31.5 1991 16.0 7.7 24.0 0.0 27.5 32.0 1992 15.5 7.7 26.0 0.0 28.1 32.6 1993 14.7 8.0 27.0 0.0 29.5 31.6 1994 14.6 7.7 28.6 0.0 29.2 30.9 1995 12.8 6.4 30.7 0.0 27.1 29.0 1996 12.8 6.7 31.2 0.0 26.2 26.5 1997 13.4 7.2 30.0 0.0 23.0 24.4 1998 R16.5 R11.5 R17.8 0.0 R30.4 32.4 1999 16.5 11.2 27.2 380.3 29.5 32.0 

2000 15.0 12.4 26.4 74.3 29.2 35.2 

1 The uranium share is a percent of U.S. total uranium concentrate production. 2 Nominal dollars. 3 Includes a small amount produced by a U.S. company, which left the industry by the close of 1999.

R=Revised. (s)=Less than 0.5 million dollars. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of individual

company data. 

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/finance.

Sources: Uranium Production: Energy Information Administr

2001 (May 2002), Table 5, and analysis by the Office of Energy MaTeam. All Other Data: 1978-1992— EIA, Profiles of Foreign Dir

report. 1993—EIA, Profiles of Foreign Direct Investment in U.S. En

11, and 12. 1994-1997—EIA, Performance Profiles of Majo

1998-2000—EIA, Profiles of Foreign Direct Investment in U.S. Ene
92 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Table 3.12 Companies Reporting to the Financial Reporting System, 1974-2000

Company 1974-1981 1982 1983-84 1985-86 1987 1988 1989-90 1991 1992-93 1994-96 1997 

Amerada Hess Corporation .......................... XXXXXXXXXXXAmerican Petrofina Holding Company 1 ....... XXXXAmerican Petrofina Inc. 1 .............................. XXXXXXXAnadarko Petroleum Corporation ................. XXX Apache Corporation ...................................... Ashland Oil, Inc. 2 ......................................... XXXXXXXXXXXAtlantic Richfield Co. (ARCO) ....................... XXXXXXXXXXXBP America, Inc. 3,4 ...................................... XXXXXXXBP Amoco, Inc 3,5 ......................................... XXXXXXXXXXXBurlington Northern Inc. 6 ............................. XXXXX

Burlington Resources Inc. 6 .......................... XXXXXX

Chevron Corporation 7,8 ................................ XXXXXXXXXXXCitgo Petroleum Corporation ........................ Cities Service 9 ............................................. X XThe Coastal Corporation .............................. XXXXXXXXXXXConoco 10,11 .................................................. X 

Devon Energy Corporaton ............................ 

Dominion Resources .................................... E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co. 10,11 ......... X X X XXXXXXX

El Paso Energy Corporation ......................... 

Enron Corporation ........................................ XXXEOG Resources ........................................... Equilon Enterprises, LLC 12 .......................... Exxon Mobil Corporation 13 .......................... XXXXXXXXXXXGetty Oil 14 .................................................... X X X

Gulf Oil 8 ....................................................... X X X

Kerr-McGee Corporation 15 .......................... XXXXXXXXXXXLYONDELL-CITGO Refining, LP 16 .............. 

Marathon 17 .................................................. X

Mobil Corporation 13,18 .................................. XXXXXXXXXXXMotiva Enterprises, LLC 19 ........................... 

Nerco, Inc. 20 ................................................ X

Occidental Petroleum Corporation 9 ............. XXXXXXXXXXXOryx Energy Company 15,21 .......................... XXXXXX

Phillips Petroleum Company ........................ XXXXXXXXXXX

Premcor Refining Group 22 ........................... Shell Oil Company ........................................ XXXXXXXXXXXSonat Inc. ..................................................... X Standard Oil Co. (Ohio) (Sohio) 5 ................. XXXXSunoco 21,23 .................................................. X X X X X X X X X X 

Superior Oil 18 ............................................... X X X

Tenneco Inc. 24 ............................................. XXXXXXTesoro Petroleum Corporation ..................... Texaco Inc. 14 ............................................... XXXXXXXXXXXTosco Corporation ........................................ Total Petroleum (North America) Ltd. 25 ....... X X

Ultramar Diamond Shamrock Corporation ... 

Union Pacific Resources Group, Inc. 26 ........ XXXXXXXXXXXUnocal Corporation ....................................... XXXXXXXXXXXUSX Corporation 17 ...................................... XXXXXXXXXXXValero Energy Corporation ........................... The Williams Companies, Inc ....................... 

Footnotes: See the following page.Note: "X" indicates that the company was included in the Financial Reporting System for the yearindicated.

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/finance.Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-28, "Financ
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Footnotes for Table 3.121American Petrofina, Inc. changed its name to Fina, Inc., effective April 17,

1991.

2Ashland was dropped from the Financial Reporting System (FRS) for

1998 after spinning off downstream and coal operations and disposing ofupstream operations.

3Amoco merged with British Petroleum plc and became BP Amoco plc on

December 31, 1998. BP America was renamed BP Amoco, Inc. The companies reported separately for 1998.

4In 1987, British Petroleum acquired all shares in Standard Oil Company

(Ohio) that it did not already control and renamed its U.S. affiliate, BP America, Inc.

5Formerly Standard Oil Company (Indiana).6Burlington Resources was added to the FRS and Burlington Northern was

dropped for 1988. Data for Burlington Resources covers the full year 1988even though that company was not created until May of that year.

7Formerly Standard Oil Company of California.8Chevron acquired Gulf Oil in 1984, but separate data for Gulf continued to

be available for the full 1984 year.

9Occidental acquired Cities Service in 1982. Separate financial reports

were available for 1982, so each company continued to be treated separately until 1983.

10DuPont acquired Conoco in 1981. Separate data for Conoco were available for 1981; DuPont was included in the FRS in 1982.11Dupont was dropped from the FRS when Conoco was spun-off in 1998.

Conoco began reporting separately again in 1998.

12Equilon is a joint venture combining Shell’s and Texaco’s western and

midwestern U.S. refining and marketing businesses and nationwide tradingtransportation and lubricants businesses. Net income is duplicated in the

FRS system since Shell and Texaco account for this investment using theequity method.

13In December 1998, Exxon and Mobil agreed to merge. Both companies reported separately for 1998.14Texaco acquired Getty in 1984; however, Getty was treated as a separate

FRS company for that year.

15In 1998, Kerr-McGee and Oryx merged. The 

was consolidated under Kerr-McGee for 1998.

16LYONDELL-CITGO is a limited partnership o

Company and Citgo. There will be some duplCitgo accounts for its investment using the equi

17U.S. Steel (now USX) acquired Marathon in 1918Mobil acquired Superior in 1984, but both co

rately for that year.

19Motiva is a joint venture approximately equa

and Saudi Refining, Inc. The joint venture coand east coast refining and marketing businessnet income related to Shell’s and Texaco’s intefor under the equity method.

20RTZ America acquired the common stock o

1994. In Sept. 1993, Nerco, Inc. sold Nerco OiNerco’s 1993 submission includes operations through Sept. 28, 1993.

21Sun Company spun off Sun Exploration and D

renamed Oryx Energy Company) during 1988cluded in the FRS for 1988; therefore, some dethat year.

22In May 2000 Clark Refining and Marketing, 

Premcor Refining Group.

23Sun company withdrew from oil and gas ex

1996. Sun’s 1996 submission includes oil and tion activities through September 30, 1996. Rare included for the entire 1996 calendar year.

24Tenneco sold its worldwide oil and gas assets 

ing assets in 1988. Other FRS companies purchcent of Tenneco’s assets.

25Effective June 1, 1991, Total’s exploration, 

operations in Canada were spun off to Total Oil 

26Effective October 15, 1996, Union Pacific Cor

ership in the Union Pacific Resources Group, Into 1996, the FRS included Union Pacific Corponly Union Pacific Resources Group, Inc. for 19
Energy Resources

Table 3.5 SourcesNatural Gas: • 1949-1962—Bureau of the Census, U.S. Imports of Merchandise for Consumption, FT110. • 1963—Bureau of the Census, U.S. Imports of

Merchandise for Consumption, FT125. • 1964-1971—Bureau of the Census,U.S. Imports for Consumption and General Imports, FT246. • 1972 and1973—Federal Power Commission, Pipeline Imports and Exports of NaturalGas-Imports and Exports of LNG. • 1974-1977—Federal Power Commission,United States Imports and Exports of Natural Gas, annual reports.•1978-1981—Energy Information Administration (EIA), U.S. Imports andExports of Natural Gas, annual reports. • 1982-1998—EIA, Natural Gas

Monthly, monthly reports. 1999-2000—EIA, Na

2001). • 2001—Calculated from EIA, Natural Tables 5 and 6. Crude Oil and Petroleum Proreau of the Census, U.S. Imports of Merchandi• 1963—Bureau of the Census, U.S. Imporsumption, FT125. • 1964-1988—Bureau of th

Consumption, FT135. • 1989 forward—BurTrade Division, U.S. Merchandise Trade, FT90

Goods by Principal SITC Commodity GrouCoal: Bureau of the Census, Foreign Trade Div

94 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001
Semisubmersible drilling rig in the Gulf of Mexico. Source: U.S. Department of Energy.

Energy Resources

4
96 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 4.1 Technically Recoverable Petroleum Resource Estimates as of 2001

1 Lands owned or under the jurisdiction of the Federal government.2 See Note 1 at end of section.

60%

52%

100%

53%

35%

48%

65%

47%

70% 30%

57%

34%

9%

40%

Undiscovered Conventionall

Discovered Conventionally RUndiscovered Unconvention

U.S. Onshore and State Offshore

Federal Offshore

Federal Lands1

Non-Federal Lands

60%

1%

39

25

48%

27

Crude Oil

Natural Gas

Natural Gas 

Liquids

Source: Table 4.1. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 4.1 Technically Recoverable Petroleum Resource Estimates as of 2001 

Region

Crude Oil

(billion barrels)

Natural Gas (Dry)

(trillion cubic feet)

Federal 

Lands1

Non-Federal

Lands Total

Federal 

Lands1

Non-Federal

Lands Total

Federa

Lands

Undiscovered Conventionally Reservoired Fields ................................ 82.54 22.51 105.05 420.14 261.78 681.92 1.80  Alaska Onshore and State Offshore ......................................................... 3.75 4.68 8.43 33.97 95.37 129.34 0.54  Alaska Federal Offshore ........................................................................... 24.90 — 24.90 122.60 — 122.60 0.00  48 States Onshore and State Offshore .................................................... 3.79 17.83 21.62 23.97 166.41 190.38 1.26  48 States Federal Offshore ...................................................................... 50.10 — 50.10 239.60 — 239.60 0.00 Discovered Conventionally Reservoired Fields(Ultimate Recovery Appreciation) 2 ........................................................ 22.03 45.67 67.70 186.70 203.30 390.00 4.94 

 U.S. Onshore and State Offshore ............................................................. 14.33 45.67 60.00 118.70 203.30 322.00 4.94  U.S. Federal Offshore ............................................................................... 7.70 — 7.70 68.00 — 68.00 0.00 Undiscovered Unconventionally Reservoired Fields(Continuous-Type Deposits (all onshore)) ............................................. 0.32 1.75 2.07 143.16 215.55 358.71 1.45 U.S. Total ................................................................................................... 104.89 69.93 174.82 750.00 680.63 1,430.63 8.19 

 U.S. Onshore and State Offshore ............................................................. 22.19 69.93 92.12 319.80 680.63 1,000.43 8.19 

 Federal Offshore ....................................................................................... 82.70 — 82.70 430.20 — 430.20 0.00 

1 Lands owned or under the jurisdiction of the Federal government. 2 Proved Reserves are excluded from these estimates. 

— = Not applicable. Notes: See Note 1 at end of section. Resource estimates are as of the latest estimates generated

by the U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Minerals ManagementService (MMS). They were not necessarily generated in the current year. Onshore indicates estimates

for all Onshore plus State Offshore waters (near-shore, shallow-water areas under State jurisdiction).

Federal Onshore excludes Indian and Native lands even when Federally managed in trust. The

estimates of ultimate recovery appreciation for Onshore and State Offshore lands were imputed by

assuming that the total estimates reported by the USGS could be appproduction from onshore Federal lands to total U.S. production. estimates for Federal Offshore jurisdictions (Outer Continental Shelf State Offshore). A value of zero indicates either that none exists resource has been made for this area. 

Source: Energy Information Administration, U.S. Crude Oil, N

Reserves 2000 Annual Report (December 2001), Table G1, which iestimates generated by the U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Management Service.
98 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Cumulative Production and Proved Reserves, I

1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 

6080

100120140160180

Index: 1977=100

Natural Gas, 1977-2000

1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 

0

300600900

1,200

Trillion Cubic Feet (Cumulative)

Cumulative Number of Fields, 1977-1998

1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998

0

1020304050

Thousands

Crude Oil, 1977-2000

1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998

0

50

100150200250

Billion Barrels (Cumulative)

Notes: Data are at end of year. Crude oil include

wet, after lease separation. 

Source: Table 4.2. 

Figure 4.2 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Field Counts, Cumulative Production, Proved Reserve Ultimate Recovery

Crude Oil and/or Natural Gas1 Crude Oil1

Natural Gas1

Proved

Ultimate Recovery

Crude Oil 

Proved Reserves

Natural Gas

 Cumulative Production

1 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1997 and 1998 due to the absence of 

updates for a subset of the data used in the past.

Cumulative Production Cumulative P

Proved Reserves Proved Reserves
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 4.2 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Field Counts, Cumulative Production, Proved Reserves, and Ultimate Recovery, 1977-2000

Year

Cumulative

Number of Fields

with Crude Oil

and/or

Natural Gas 

Cumulative

Number of

Fields with

Crude Oil

Crude Oil and Lease Condensate

(billion barrels)

Cumulative

Number of

Fields with

Natural Gas 

Na

(trillio

Cumulative

Production

Proved

Reserves

Proved

Ultimate

Recovery

Cumulative

Production

R

1977 31,360 27,835 121.4 33.6 155.0 23,883 558.3 1978 32,430 28,683 124.6 33.1 157.6 24,786 578.4 1979 33,644 29,671 127.7 31.2 158.9 25,823 599.1 1980 34,999 30,766 130.8 31.3 162.2 26,919 619.4 1981 36,621 32,111 133.9 31.0 165.0 28,213 639.4 1982 38,123 33,375 137.1 29.5 166.6 29,375 658.1 1983 39,489 34,495 140.3 29.3 169.6 30,419 675.1 1984 41,038 35,784 143.5 30.0 173.5 31,595 693.5 1985 42,317 36,849 146.8 29.9 176.7 32,595 710.9 1986 43,076 37,464 150.0 28.3 178.3 33,151 727.8 1987 43,742 37,982 153.0 28.7 181.7 33,657 745.4 1988 44,414 38,506 156.0 28.2 184.2 34,196 763.4 1989 44,883 38,858 158.8 27.9 186.7 34,579 781.7 1990 45,385 39,244 161.5 27.6 189.0 34,975 800.4 1991 45,776 39,558 164.2 25.9 190.1 35,254 819.1 1992 46,149 39,843 166.8 25.0 191.8 35,539 838.0 1993 46,513 40,124 169.3 24.1 193.4 35,798 857.2 1994 46,922 40,417 171.7 23.6 195.3 36,142 877.1 1995 47,296 40,694 174.1 23.5 197.7 36,433 896.9 1996 47,557 40,875 176.5 23.3 199.8 36,612 917.0 1997 47,854 40,977 178.9 23.9 202.8 36,830 937.1 1998 247,664 235,143 181.2 22.4 203.5 232,458 957.0 

1999 NA NA 183.3 23.2 206.5 NA 976.8 

2000 NA NA 185.4 23.5 208.9 NA 997.0 

1 Wet, after lease separation. 2 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1997 and 1998 due to the absence of updates for a

subset of the data used in the past. 

NA=Not available. Note: Data are at end of year.Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/natural_gas/nat_frame.html.

Sources: Cumulative Production: Calculated from Energy Info

Supply Annual, annual reports and Natural Gas Annual, a

1977-1999—EIA, U.S. Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural G

2000—EIA, U.S. Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids 

9, and 15. Field Counts: EIA, Oil and Gas Field Code Master Lisand Gas, Oil and Gas Integrated Field File.
100 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Source: Table 4.3. 

Figure 4.3 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Rotary Rigs in Operation

By Site, 1949-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

01234

Thousands of Rigs

By Type, 1949-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

01234

Thousands of Rigs

Crude Oil

Natural Gas

Total

Onshore Offshore

Total

Peak: 3,970 rigs in 1981

By Site, 2001

0

300600900

1,200

1,003

Number of Rigs

Onshore 

By Type, 2001

0

300600900

1,200

939

Number of Rigs

Natural Gas 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 4.3 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Rotary Rigs in Operation, 1949-2001

Year

By Site By Objective

Onshore Offshore Crude Oil Natural Gas 

1949 NA NA NA NA 1950 NA NA NA NA 1951 NA NA NA NA 1952 NA NA NA NA 1953 NA NA NA NA 1954 NA NA NA NA 1955 NA NA NA NA 1956 NA NA NA NA 1957 NA NA NA NA 1958 NA NA NA NA 1959 NA NA NA NA 1960 NA NA NA NA 1961 NA NA NA NA 1962 NA NA NA NA 1963 NA NA NA NA 1964 NA NA NA NA 1965 NA NA NA NA 1966 NA NA NA NA 1967 NA NA NA NA 1968 NA NA NA NA 1969 NA NA NA NA 1970 NA NA NA NA 1971 NA NA NA NA 1972 NA NA NA NA 1973 1,110 84 NA NA 1974 1,378 94 NA NA 1975 1,554 106 NA NA 1976 1,529 129 NA NA 1977 1,834 167 NA NA 1978 2,074 185 NA NA 1979 1,970 207 NA NA 1980 2,678 231 NA NA 1981 3,714 256 NA NA 1982 2,862 243 NA NA 1983 2,033 199 NA NA 1984 2,215 213 NA NA 1985 1,774 206 NA NA 1986 865 99 NA NA 1987 841 95 NA NA 1988 813 123 554 354 1989 764 105 453 401 1990 902 108 532 464 1991 779 81 482 351 1992 669 52 373 331 1993 672 82 373 364 1994 673 102 335 427 1995 622 101 323 385 1996 671 108 306 464 1997 821 122 376 564 1998 703 123 264 560 1999 519 106 128 496 2000 778 140 197 720 2001 1,003 153 217 939 

1 Sum of rigs drilling for crude oil, rigs drilling for natural gas, and other rigs (not shown) drilling for

miscellaneous purposes such as service wells, injection wells, and stratigraphic tests.

NA=Not available. Notes: Data are not for the exact calendar year but are an average for the 52 or 53 consecutive whole

weeks that most nearly coincide with the calendar year. GeograDistrict of Columbia. Totals may not equal sum of components du

Source: Baker Hughes, Inc., Houston, Texas, Rotary Rigs Runnin
102 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 4.4 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells

Footage Drilled, 2001

Crude Oil Natural Gas Dry Holes 0

306090

120150

2 8 9

39

118

14

41

125

23

Million Feet

Successful Wells, 1949-

1950 1960 19

0

255075

100

Percent

Wells Drilled by Type, 1949-2001

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

153045

Thousand Wells

Total Wells Drilled, 1949-2001

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

255075

100

Thousands

Sources: Tables 4.4–4.6.

Development

Exploratory

Total

Oil Wells

Dry Holes

Gas Wells

Developm

Total

Explora

Average Depth, 2001

Crude Oil Na

02468

10

7.6 7

5.1

5.2

Thousand Feet

Wells Drilled, 2001

Crude Oil Natural Gas Dry Holes 0

48

12162024

0.3 1.0 1.4

7.7

20.2

2.5

7.9

21.2

Thousand Square Feet 3.9

ExploratoryDevelopmentTotal

Exploratory

DevelopmentTotal
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 4.4 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells, 1949-2001

Year

Wells Drilled Successful

Wells

(percent)

Footage Drilled

(thousand feet)

A

(f

Crude Oil Natural Gas Dry Holes Total Crude Oil Natural Gas Dry Holes Total Crude Oil Natural 

1949 21,352 3,363 12,597 37,312 66.2 79,428 12,437 43,754 135,619 3,720 3,691950 23,812 3,439 14,799 42,050 64.8 92,695 13,685 50,977 157,358 3,893 3,971951 23,179 3,438 17,026 43,643 61.0 95,106 13,947 63,093 172,146 4,103 4,051952 23,290 3,514 17,759 44,563 60.1 98,148 15,257 70,730 184,133 4,214 4,341953 25,323 3,968 18,449 47,740 61.4 102,136 18,248 73,862 194,245 4,033 4,591954 28,141 4,038 18,930 51,109 63.0 113,362 18,857 75,790 208,009 4,028 4,671955 30,432 4,266 20,452 55,150 62.9 121,148 19,930 85,103 226,182 3,981 4,671956 30,528 4,531 22,111 57,170 61.3 120,352 22,738 90,190 233,280 3,942 5,011957 27,364 4,475 20,156 51,995 61.2 110,043 23,836 83,167 217,045 4,021 5,321958 23,774 5,005 18,162 46,941 61.3 93,105 25,555 74,643 193,304 3,916 5,101959 24,043 4,931 18,589 47,563 60.9 94,611 26,606 79,476 200,694 3,935 5,391960 22,258 5,149 18,212 45,619 60.1 86,568 28,246 77,361 192,176 3,889 5,481961 21,437 5,486 17,331 44,254 60.8 85,626 29,292 74,716 189,633 3,994 5,331962 21,727 5,353 17,078 44,158 61.3 88,431 28,949 77,253 194,634 4,070 5,401963 20,135 4,570 16,762 41,467 59.6 81,809 24,533 76,307 182,649 4,063 5,361964 19,905 4,694 17,694 42,293 58.2 80,463 25,598 81,360 187,420 4,042 5,451965 18,065 4,482 16,226 38,773 58.2 73,322 24,931 76,629 174,882 4,059 5,561966 16,780 4,377 15,227 36,384 58.1 67,340 25,948 69,636 162,924 4,013 5,921967 15,329 3,659 13,246 32,234 58.9 58,634 21,581 61,142 141,357 3,825 5,891968 14,331 3,456 12,812 30,599 58.1 59,517 20,716 64,737 144,970 4,153 5,991969 14,368 4,083 13,736 32,187 57.3 61,582 24,162 71,364 157,108 4,286 5,911970 12,968 4,011 11,031 28,010 60.6 56,859 23,623 58,074 138,556 4,385 5,861971 11,853 3,971 10,309 26,133 60.6 49,109 23,460 54,685 127,253 4,126 5,891972 11,378 5,440 10,891 27,709 60.7 49,269 30,006 58,556 137,831 4,330 5,511973 10,167 6,933 10,320 27,420 62.4 44,416 38,045 55,761 138,223 4,369 5,481974 13,647 7,138 12,116 32,901 63.2 52,025 38,449 62,899 153,374 3,812 5,381975 16,948 8,127 13,646 38,721 64.8 66,819 44,454 69,220 180,494 3,943 5,471976 17,688 9,409 13,758 40,855 66.3 68,892 49,113 68,977 186,982 3,895 5,221977 18,745 12,122 14,985 45,852 67.3 75,451 63,686 76,728 215,866 4,025 5,251978 19,181 14,413 16,551 50,145 67.0 R77,041 R75,841 R85,788 238,669 R4,017 5,261979 20,851 15,254 16,099 52,204 69.2 82,688 80,468 81,642 244,798 3,966 5,271980 32,639 17,333 20,638 70,610 70.8 R124,350 R91,484 R98,820 314,654 R3,810 5,271981 43,598 20,166 27,789 91,553 69.6 R171,241 R107,758 R134,113 413,112 R3,928 R5,341982 39,199 18,979 26,219 84,397 68.9 R148,881 R106,627 R122,787 378,295 R3,798 R5,61

1983 37,120 14,564 24,153 75,837 68.2 R136,078 R77,530 R104,378 317,986 R3,666 R5,32

1984 42,605 17,127 25,681 85,413 69.9 R161,770 R90,578 R119,044 371,392 R3,797 5,281985 35,118 14,168 21,056 70,342 70.1 R137,366 R75,862 R99,816 313,045 R3,912 R5,35

1986 19,097 8,516 12,678 40,291 68.5 R76,622 R44,727 R60,507 181,856 R4,012 R5,25

1987 16,164 8,055 11,112 35,331 68.5 R66,317 R42,479 R53,382 162,178 4,103 R5,271988 13,636 8,555 10,041 32,232 68.8 R58,660 R45,320 R52,375 156,354 R4,302 R5,29

1989 10,204 9,539 8,188 27,931 70.7 R43,287 R49,169 R41,983 134,439 R4,242 R5,15

1990 12,198 11,044 8,313 31,555 73.7 R54,480 R55,869 R43,352 153,701 R4,466 R5,051991 11,770 9,526 7,596 28,892 73.7 R54,283 R49,737 R39,001 143,021 R4,612 R5,22

1992 8,757 8,209 6,118 23,084 73.5 R44,183 R45,728 R31,213 121,124 R5,045 R5,57

1993 8,407 10,017 6,328 24,752 74.4 R42,895 R59,720 R32,503 135,118 R5,102 R5,961994 6,721 9,538 5,307 21,566 75.4 R36,090 R59,412 R29,306 124,809 R5,370 R6,22

1995 7,627 8,354 5,075 21,056 75.9 R38,024 R51,415 R28,393 117,832 R4,985 R6,15

1996 8,314 9,302 5,282 22,898 76.9 R40,849 R58,062 R30,133 129,045 R4,913 R6,241997E 10,436 11,327 5,702 27,465 79.2 R52,098 R70,477 R34,086 156,661 R4,992 R6,22

1998E 7,064 R11,308 4,913 R23,285 R78.9 R38,423 R76,654 R32,259 R147,335 R5,439 R6,77

1999E R4,136 R10,411 R3,364 R17,911 R81.2 R19,925 R58,621 R20,864 R99,410 R4,817 R5,632000E R7,358 R15,598 R4,025 R26,981 R85.1 R34,357 R83,616 R21,975 R139,949 R4,669 R5,36

2001E 7,949 21,224 3,949 33,122 88.1 41,009 125,287 23,295 189,591 5,159 5,90

R=Revised. E=Estimate. Notes: This table depicts all wells; see Table 4.5 for exploratory wells and Table 4.6 for development

wells. Service wells, stratigraphic tests, and core tests are excluded. For 1949-1959, data represent

wells completed in a given year. For 1960-1969, data are for well completion reports received by theAmerican Petroleum Institute during the reporting year. For 1970 forward, the data represent wellscompleted in a given year. See Note 2 at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of components due

to independent rounding. Average depth may not equal average of components due to independent

rounding.

Sources: 1949-1965—Gulf Publishing Company, Wo

1966-1969—American Petroleum Institute, Quarterly Review of D

annual summaries and monthly reports. 1970-1994—Enecomputations based on well reports submitted to the American Petrcomputations based on well reports submitted to the Information Hancurrent data see the EIA, Monthly Energy Review, Section 5.
104 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Source: Table 4.5. 

Figure 4.5 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory Wells, 1949–2001

Note: This figure depicts exploratory wells only; see Figure 4.4 for all wells and Figure 4.6 

for development wells only.

Exploratory Footage Drilled by Well Type

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 

0

20406080

Milion Feet Dry Holes Crude Oil Wells Natural Gas Wells Dry Holes

Dry Holes

Crude Oil Wells Natural Gas Wells

Crude Oil Wells

Natural Gas 

Exploratory Wells Drilled by Well Type

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0369

1215

Thousand Wells 

Exploratory Wells Average Depth, All Wells

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

02468

Thousand Feet per Well

Exploratory Wells Average Depth by Well Type

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 

02468

10

Thousand Feet per Well
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 4.5 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory Wells, 1949-2001

Year

Wells Drilled Successful

Wells

(percent)

Footage Drilled

(thousand feet)

A

(f

Crude Oil Natural Gas Dry Holes Total Crude Oil Natural Gas Dry Holes Total Crude Oil Natural 

1949 1,406 424 7,228 9,058 20.2 5,950 2,409 26,439 34,798 4,232 5,682 1950 1,583 431 8,292 10,306 19.5 6,862 2,356 30,957 40,175 4,335 5,466 1951 1,763 454 9,539 11,756 18.9 8,125 2,496 38,723 49,344 4,609 5,497 1952 1,776 559 10,090 12,425 18.8 8,491 3,394 43,731 55,615 4,781 6,071953 1,981 699 10,633 13,313 20.1 9,432 3,952 47,280 60,664 4,761 5,654 1954 1,985 726 10,389 13,100 20.7 9,409 4,399 45,792 59,601 4,740 6,059 1955 2,236 874 11,832 14,942 20.8 10,774 5,212 53,220 69,206 4,819 5,964 1956 2,267 822 13,118 16,207 19.1 11,111 5,179 58,047 74,337 4,901 6,301957 1,945 865 11,904 14,714 19.1 9,794 5,967 53,420 69,181 5,036 6,898 1958 1,745 822 10,632 13,199 19.4 8,712 5,472 47,300 61,484 4,993 6,657 1959 1,702 912 10,577 13,191 19.8 8,545 6,031 48,676 63,253 5,021 6,613 1960 1,321 868 9,515 11,704 18.7 6,829 5,466 43,535 55,831 5,170 6,298 1961 1,157 813 9,022 10,992 17.9 5,900 5,250 43,293 54,442 5,099 6,457 1962 1,211 771 8,815 10,797 18.4 6,205 5,187 42,223 53,616 5,124 6,728 1963 1,314 664 8,686 10,664 18.5 6,409 4,230 42,847 53,485 4,878 6,370 1964 1,219 557 8,951 10,727 16.6 6,715 4,204 44,578 55,497 5,509 7,547 1965 946 515 8,005 9,466 15.4 5,366 3,757 40,081 49,204 5,672 7,295 1966 1,196 698 8,419 10,313 18.4 6,817 5,808 43,084 55,709 5,700 8,321967 986 532 7,360 8,878 17.1 5,678 3,979 38,182 47,839 5,758 7,478 1968 954 486 7,439 8,879 16.2 5,642 3,741 41,575 50,958 5,914 7,697 1969 1,084 616 8,001 9,701 17.5 6,563 4,985 45,918 57,466 6,054 8,092 1970 757 477 6,162 7,396 16.7 4,729 3,678 35,123 43,530 6,247 7,695 1971 659 470 5,952 7,081 15.9 3,786 3,610 34,499 41,895 5,745 7,649 1972 685 656 6,134 7,475 17.9 4,028 4,847 36,081 44,956 5,880 7,400 1973 642 1,067 5,952 7,661 22.3 4,008 7,038 34,571 45,618 6,243 6,596 1974 859 1,190 6,833 8,882 23.1 5,029 7,683 38,603 51,315 5,855 6,456 1975 982 1,248 7,129 9,359 23.8 5,806 8,422 40,448 54,677 5,913 6,748 1976 1,086 1,346 6,772 9,204 26.4 6,527 9,121 37,969 53,617 6,010 6,777 1977 1,164 1,548 7,283 9,995 27.1 6,870 10,255 40,823 57,949 5,902 6,625 1978 1,171 1,771 7,965 10,907 27.0 7,105 11,798 R46,295 R65,197 6,067 6,662 1979 1,321 1,907 7,437 10,665 30.3 7,941 12,643 42,512 63,096 6,011 6,630 1980 1,764 2,081 9,039 12,884 29.8 R10,086 R13,763 R49,971 R73,820 R5,718 R6,614 1981 2,636 2,514 12,349 17,499 29.4 R15,437 R16,983 R68,877 R101,297 R5,856 R6,755 1982 2,431 2,125 11,247 15,803 28.8 R13,349 R14,694 R60,217 R88,260 R5,491 R6,915 

1983 2,023 1,593 10,148 13,764 26.3 R10,384 R10,193 R48,590 R69,166 R5,133 R6,398 

1984 2,198 1,521 11,278 14,997 24.8 R12,236 R9,889 R58,373 R80,498 R5,567 R6,502 1985 1,679 1,190 8,924 11,793 24.3 R9,847 R8,117 R47,421 R65,386 R5,865 R6,82

1986 1,084 793 5,549 7,426 25.3 R6,573 R5,372 30,137 R42,082 R6,063 R6,774 

1987 925 754 5,049 6,728 25.0 R5,639 R5,055 R26,698 R37,392 R6,096 R6,704 1988 855 R743 4,693 R6,291 R25.4 R5,294 R5,000 R27,047 R37,340 R6,192 R6,729 

1989 607 705 3,924 5,236 25.1 R3,670 R4,678 R21,908 R30,256 R6,046 R6,635 

1990 654 689 3,715 5,058 26.6 R4,375 R4,716 R21,433 R30,525 R6,690 R6,845 1991 592 534 3,314 4,440 25.4 R3,799 R3,654 R18,792 R26,244 R6,417 R6,842 

1992 493 423 2,513 3,429 26.7 R3,190 R2,712 R13,761 R19,663 R6,470 R6,412 

1993 502 548 2,469 3,519 29.8 R3,179 R3,226 R14,169 R20,574 R6,332 R5,887 1994 570 726 2,405 3,701 35.0 R3,595 R4,601 R14,204 R22,401 R6,308 R6,338 

1995 542 570 2,198 3,310 33.6 R3,505 R3,604 R13,117 R20,225 R6,466 R6,322 

1996 483 570 2,136 3,189 33.0 R3,514 R3,819 R13,379 R20,712 R7,276 R6,700 1997E 428 536 2,110 3,074 31.4 R3,502 R4,026 R14,139 R21,668 R8,183 R7,51

1998E R291 R504 R1,647 R2,442 R32.6 R2,657 R4,107 R12,362 R19,125 R9,129 R8,149 

1999E R154 R524 R1,195 R1,873 R36.2 R1,100 R3,523 R7,929 R12,552 R7,143 R6,723 2000E R253 R625 R1,288 R2,166 R40.5 R1,896 R4,635 R8,587 R15,119 R7,494 R7,417 

2001E 295 990 1,428 2,713 47.4 2,245 7,662 9,267 19,174 7,611 7,739 

R=Revised. E=Estimate. Notes: This table depicts exploratory wells only; see Table 4.4 for all wells and Table 4.6 for

development wells only. For 1949-1959, data represent wells completed in a given year. For 1960-1969,

data are for well completion reports received by the American Petroleum Institute during the reporting year. For 1970 forward, the data represent wells completed in a given year. See Note 2 at end of section.

Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Average depth may not equal

average of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: 1949-1960—American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Statistics on Exploratory Drilling

in the United States, 1940 through 1960 (1962), pp. 4-19. Association of Petroleum Geologists, "North American Developme

Petroleum Institute, Quarterly Review of Drilling Statistics for the 

monthly reports. 1970-1994—Energy Information Administratio

reports submitted to the American Petroleum Institute. 1995 forw

reports submitted to the Information Handling Services Energy GroMonthly Energy Review, Section 5.
106 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Note: These figures depict developed wells only; see Figure 4.4 for all wells and Figure Source: Table 4.6. 

4.5 for exploratory wells only.

Figure 4.6 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Development Wells, 1949–2001

Development Wells Drilled by Well Type

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

153045

Thousand Wells Crude Oil Wells Dry Holes

Natural Gas Wells

Development Wells Average Depth, All Wells

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

02468

Thousand Feet per Well

Development Footage Drilled by Well Type

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 198

0

4590

135180

Million Feet

Development Wells Average Depth by Well Type

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 

02468

Thousand Feet per Well Dry Holes

Dry Holes

Crude Oil Wells

Crude Oil W

Natural Gas Wells

Natura
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 4.6 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Development Wells, 1949-2001

Year

Wells Drilled Successful

Wells

(percent)

Footage Drilled

(thousand feet)

A

(

Crude Oil Natural Gas Dry Holes Total Crude Oil Natural Gas Dry Holes Total Crude Oil Natural 

1949 19,946 2,939 5,369 28,254 81.0 73,478 10,028 17,315 100,821 3,684 3,412 1950 22,229 3,008 6,507 31,744 79.5 85,833 11,329 20,020 117,183 3,861 3,761951 21,416 2,984 7,487 31,887 76.5 86,981 11,451 24,370 122,802 4,061 3,831952 21,514 2,955 7,669 32,138 76.1 89,657 11,863 26,999 128,518 4,167 4,011953 23,342 3,269 7,816 34,427 77.3 92,704 14,296 26,582 133,581 3,972 4,371954 26,156 3,312 8,541 38,009 77.5 103,953 14,458 29,998 148,408 3,974 4,361955 28,196 3,392 8,620 40,208 78.6 110,374 14,718 31,883 156,976 3,915 4,331956 28,261 3,709 8,993 40,963 78.0 109,241 17,559 32,143 158,943 3,865 4,734 1957 25,419 3,610 8,252 37,281 77.9 100,249 17,869 29,747 147,864 3,944 4,951958 22,029 4,183 7,530 33,742 77.7 84,393 20,083 27,343 131,820 3,831 4,801959 22,341 4,019 8,012 34,372 76.7 86,066 20,575 30,800 137,441 3,852 5,121960 20,937 4,281 8,697 33,915 74.4 79,739 22,780 33,826 136,345 3,809 5,321961 20,280 4,673 8,309 33,262 75.0 79,726 24,042 31,423 135,191 3,931 5,141962 20,516 4,582 8,263 33,361 75.2 82,226 23,762 35,030 141,018 4,008 5,181963 18,821 3,906 8,076 30,803 73.8 75,400 20,303 33,460 129,164 4,006 5,191964 18,686 4,137 8,743 31,566 72.3 73,748 21,394 36,782 131,923 3,947 5,171965 17,119 3,967 8,221 29,307 71.9 67,956 21,174 36,548 125,678 3,970 5,331966 15,584 3,679 6,808 26,071 73.9 60,523 20,140 26,552 107,215 3,884 5,474 1967 14,343 3,127 5,886 23,356 74.8 52,956 17,602 22,960 93,518 3,692 5,621968 13,377 2,970 5,373 21,720 75.3 53,875 16,975 23,162 94,012 4,027 5,711969 13,284 3,467 5,735 22,486 74.5 55,019 19,177 25,446 99,642 4,142 5,531970 12,211 3,534 4,869 20,614 76.4 52,130 19,945 22,951 95,026 4,269 5,644 1971 11,194 3,501 4,357 19,052 77.1 45,323 19,850 20,186 85,358 4,049 5,671972 10,693 4,784 4,757 20,234 76.5 45,241 25,159 22,475 92,875 4,231 5,251973 9,525 5,866 4,368 19,759 77.9 40,408 31,007 21,190 92,605 4,242 5,281974 12,788 5,948 5,283 24,019 78.0 46,996 30,766 24,296 102,059 3,675 5,171975 15,966 6,879 6,517 29,362 77.8 61,013 36,032 28,772 125,817 3,821 5,231976 16,602 8,063 6,986 31,651 77.9 62,365 39,992 31,008 133,365 3,756 4,961977 17,581 10,574 7,702 35,857 78.5 68,581 53,431 35,905 157,917 3,901 5,051978 18,010 12,642 8,586 39,238 78.1 R69,936 R64,043 R39,493 R173,472 3,883 5,061979 19,530 13,347 8,662 41,539 79.1 74,747 67,825 39,130 181,702 3,827 5,082 1980 30,875 15,252 11,599 57,726 79.9 R114,264 R77,721 R48,849 R240,834 R3,701 R5,091981 40,962 17,652 15,440 74,054 79.2 R155,804 R90,775 R65,236 R311,815 R3,804 R5,141982 36,768 16,854 14,972 68,594 78.2 R135,532 R91,933 R62,570 R290,035 R3,686 R5,45

1983 35,097 12,971 14,005 62,073 77.4 R125,694 R67,337 R55,788 R248,820 R3,581 R5,19

1984 40,407 15,606 14,403 70,416 79.5 R149,534 R80,689 R60,671 R290,894 3,701 R5,171985 33,439 12,978 12,132 58,549 79.3 R127,519 R67,745 R52,395 R247,659 3,813 R5,22

1986 18,013 7,723 7,129 32,865 78.3 R70,049 R39,355 R30,370 R139,774 3,889 5,09

1987 15,239 7,301 6,063 28,603 78.8 R60,678 R37,424 R26,684 R124,786 3,982 R5,121988 12,781 R7,812 5,348 R25,941 79.4 R53,366 R40,320 R25,328 R119,014 R4,175 R5,16

1989 9,597 8,834 4,264 22,695 81.2 R39,617 R44,491 R20,075 R104,183 R4,128 R5,03

1990 11,544 10,355 4,598 26,497 82.6 R50,105 R51,153 R21,919 R123,176 R4,340 R4,941991 11,178 8,992 4,282 24,452 82.5 R50,484 R46,083 R20,209 R116,777 R4,516 R5,12

1992 8,264 7,786 3,605 19,655 81.7 R40,993 R43,016 R17,452 R101,461 R4,960 R5,52

1993 7,905 9,469 3,859 21,233 81.8 R39,716 R56,494 R18,334 R114,544 R5,024 R5,961994 6,151 8,812 2,902 17,865 83.8 R32,495 R54,811 R15,102 R102,408 R5,283 R6,22

1995 7,085 7,784 2,877 17,746 83.8 R34,519 R47,811 R15,276 R97,607 R4,872 R6,14

1996 7,831 8,732 3,146 19,709 84.0 R37,335 R54,243 R16,754 R108,333 R4,768 R6,211997E 10,008 10,791 3,592 24,391 85.3 R48,596 R66,451 R19,947 R134,993 R4,856 R6,15

1998E R6,773 R10,804 R3,266 R20,843 R84.3 R35,766 R72,547 R19,897 R128,210 R5,281 R6,71

1999E R3,982 R9,887 R2,169 R16,038 R86.5 R18,825 R55,098 R12,935 R86,858 R4,728 R5,572000E R7,105 R14,973 R2,737 R24,815 R89.0 R32,461 R78,981 R13,388 R124,830 R4,569 R5,27

2001E 7,654 20,234 2,521 30,409 91.7 38,764 117,625 14,028 170,417 5,065 5,81

R=Revised. E=Estimate. Notes: This table depicts development wells only; see Table 4.4 for all wells and Table 4.5 for

exploratory wells only. Service wells, stratigraphic tests, and core tests are excluded. For 1949-1959,

data represent wells completed in a given year. For 1960-1969, data are for well completion reportsreceived by the American Petroleum Institute during the reporting year. For 1970 forward, the datarepresent wells completed in a given year. See Note 2 at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of

components due to independent rounding. Average depth may not equal average of components due to

independent rounding.

Sources: 1949-1965—Gulf Publishing Company, Wo

1966-1969—American Petroleum Institute, Quarterly Review of D

annual summaries and monthly reports. 1970-1994—Enecomputations based on well reports submitted to the American Petr

computations based on well reports submitted to the Information Hancurrent data see the EIA Monthly Energy Review, Section 5.
108 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be cSource: Table 4.7. 

1In chained (1996) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price 

deflators. See Table E1.

Figure 4.7 Costs of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Wells Drilled

Costs per Well, All Wells, 1960-2000

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

150300450600750900

Thousand Dollars Real1

Nominal

Real1

Nominal

Cost per Well by Well Type, 2000

Crude Oil Natural Gas Dry Holes All 0

200400600800

1,0001,200

593

757

1,075

755

Dollars (Nominal)

Cost per Foot by Well Type, 2000

Crude Oil Natural Gas Dry Hole

0

50

100150200

126

138

182

Dollars (Nominal)

Costs per Foot, All Wells, 1960-2000

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 198

0

255075

100125150175

Dollars
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 4.7 Costs of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Wells Drilled, 1960-2000

Year

Costs per Well

(thousand dollars)

Costs per Foot

(dollars)

Crude Oil(nominal)

Natural Gas

(nominal)

Dry Holes

(nominal)

All

Crude Oil(nominal)

Natural Gas

(nominal)

Dry Holes

(nominal)

(nominal) (real) 1 

1960 52.2 102.7 44.0 54.9 247.6 13.22 18.57 10.56 1961 51.3 94.7 45.2 54.5 243.0 13.11 17.65 10.56 1962 54.2 97.1 50.8 58.6 257.9 13.41 18.10 11.20 1963 51.8 92.4 48.2 55.0 239.2 13.20 17.19 10.58 1964 50.6 104.8 48.5 55.8 239.2 13.12 18.57 10.64 1965 56.6 101.9 53.1 60.6 255.0 13.94 18.35 11.21 1966 62.2 133.8 56.9 68.4 279.6 15.04 21.75 12.34 1967 66.6 141.0 61.5 72.9 289.2 16.61 23.05 12.87 1968 79.1 148.5 66.2 81.5 309.7 18.63 24.05 12.88 1969 86.5 154.3 70.2 88.6 321.0 19.28 25.58 13.23 1970 86.7 160.7 80.9 94.9 326.5 19.29 26.75 15.21 1971 78.4 166.6 86.8 94.7 310.3 18.41 27.70 16.02 1972 93.5 157.8 94.9 106.4 334.5 20.77 27.78 17.28 1973 103.8 155.3 105.8 117.2 348.7 22.54 27.46 19.22 1974 110.2 189.2 141.7 138.7 378.8 27.82 34.11 26.76 1975 138.6 262.0 177.2 177.8 444.1 34.17 46.23 33.86 1976 151.1 270.4 190.3 191.6 453.0 37.35 49.78 36.94 1977 170.0 313.5 230.2 227.2 504.6 41.16 57.57 43.49 1978 208.0 374.2 281.7 280.0 580.4 49.72 68.37 52.55 1979 243.1 443.1 339.6 331.4 634.2 58.29 80.66 64.60 1980 272.1 536.4 376.5 367.7 644.6 66.36 95.16 73.70 1981 336.3 698.6 464.0 453.7 727.4 80.40 122.17 90.03 1982 347.4 864.3 515.4 514.4 776.4 86.34 146.20 104.09 1983 283.8 608.1 366.5 371.7 539.7 72.65 108.37 79.10 1984 262.1 489.8 329.2 326.5 457.0 66.32 88.80 67.18 1985 270.4 508.7 372.3 349.4 474.1 66.78 93.09 73.69 1986 284.9 522.9 389.2 364.6 484.1 68.35 93.02 76.53 1987 246.0 380.4 259.1 279.6 360.4 58.35 69.55 51.05 1988 279.4 460.3 366.4 354.7 442.2 62.28 84.65 66.96 1989 282.3 457.8 355.4 362.2 435.0 64.92 86.86 67.61 1990 321.8 471.3 367.5 383.6 443.4 69.17 90.73 67.49 1991 346.9 506.6 441.2 421.5 470.1 73.75 93.10 83.05 1992 362.3 426.1 357.6 382.6 416.6 69.50 72.83 67.82 1993 356.6 521.2 387.7 426.8 453.8 67.52 83.15 72.56 1994 409.5 535.1 491.5 483.2 503.3 70.57 81.90 86.60 1995 415.8 629.7 481.2 513.4 523.4 78.09 95.97 84.60 1996 341.0 616.0 541.0 496.1 496.1 70.60 98.67 95.74 1997 445.6 728.6 655.6 603.9 592.4 90.48 117.55 115.09 1998 566.0 815.6 973.2 769.1 R745.2 108.88 127.94 157.79 1999 783.0 798.4 1,115.5 856.1 R818.1 156.45 138.42 182.99 

2000 593.4 756.9 1,075.4 754.6 704.9 125.96 138.39 181.83 

1 In chained (1996) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See

Table E1.

R=Revised. Notes: The information reported for 1965 and prior years is not strictly comparable to that in the more

recent surveys. Average cost is the arithmetic mean and includes all costs for drilling and equipping

wells and for surface-producing facilities. Wells drilled include explorservice wells, stratigraphic tests, and core tests.

Source: American Petroleum Institute, Independent Petroleum A

Oil and Gas Association, 2001 Joint Association Survey on Drilling C
110 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 4.8 Gross Additions to Proved Reserves and Exploration and Development Expenditures  by Geographic Area

1 Crude oil equivalent.2 Nominal dollars.

Note: Major U.S. Energy Companies are the top publicl

producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Repo3.12. 

Source: Table 4.8.

Expenditures per Barrel of Reserve Additions, 1Three-Year Moving Average

1975 1980 1985 199

02468

1012

Dollars2 per Barrel COE1

Exploration and Development Expenditures, 1974-2000

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

1020304050

Billion Dollars2

Gross Additions to Proved Reserves of Liquid and Gaseous Hydrocarbons, 1974-199

1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1

-2

02468

10

Billion Barrels COE1 U.S. Total

Major U.S. Energy Companies–Foreign Major U.S. Energy Companies–United States Major U.S. Energy Companies–Foreign Major U.S. Energy Companies– United States

Major U.S. Energy Comp

United States

Major U.S. Energy 

Companies–Foreign

Gross Additions to Proved Reserves of Liquid and Gaseous Hydrocarbons, 1974-2000
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 4.8 Gross Additions to Proved Reserves and Exploration and Development Expenditures by  1974-2000

Year

Gross Additions to Proved Reserves 1

of Liquid and Gaseous Hydrocarbons 2

(million barrels COE 3)

Exploration and Development

Expenditures

(billion dollars 4)

Expenditures 

Thre

(dol

U.S. Total

 Major U.S. Energy Companies 5 Major U.S. Energy Companies 5 Major 

United States Foreign United States Foreign United State

1974 NA 2,205 NA 8.7 3.8 NA 1975 3,846 -634 NA 7.8 5.3 8.05 1976 3,224 1,663 1,459 9.5 5.2 8.64 1977 3,765 2,210 1,055 10.7 5.6 5.12 1978 3,679 2,383 1,191 11.8 6.4 7.34 1979 5,071 1,378 61,208 21.3 7.8 9.34 1980 6,723 2,590 1,977 26.2 11.0 11.80 1981 7,304 2,848 1,006 33.0 12.4 11.63 1982 5,030 2,482 1,332 R39.1 14.2 710.62 1983 6,412 3,427 1,918 27.1 10.7 9.20 1984 6,653 3,941 1,298 R48.1 17.3 78.21 1985 6,190 83,129 1,192 28.5 10.1 88.27 1986 4,866 2,178 61,375 17.4 7.5 6.67 

1987 6,059 83,698 2,516 R14.3 9.2 84.58 

1988 7,156 3,359 2,460 R21.0 13.0 5.05 1989 5,385 2,798 2,043 15.0 14.1 5.62 1990 6,275 2,979 2,355 15.1 13.6 5.87 1991 4,227 1,772 2,135 14.2 13.7 6.52 1992 5,006 1,332 1,694 10.3 12.9 7.02 1993 4,814 1,945 2,147 10.9 12.5 5.66 1994 6,021 2,703 3,173 12.6 11.9 4.74 1995 6,558 2,929 2,799 12.4 13.2 5.11 1996 6,707 2,131 3,280 14.6 16.6 7.61 1997 7,233 1,367 3,279 21.8 17.9 9.67 1998 3,628 2,798 5,206 24.4 26.4 11.15 

1999 7,929 1,197 3,360 13.5 R17.5 R10.39 

2000 8,725 4,278 3,593 48.0 28.8 NA 

1 Gross additions to proved reserves equal annual change in proved reserves plus annual production. 2 Liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons include crude oil, natural gas liquids, and natural gas. 3 Crude oil equivalent: converted to Btu on the basis of annual average conversion factors. See

Appendix A. 4 Nominal dollars. 5 Major U.S. Energy Companies are the top publicly-owned, U.S.-based crude oil and natural gasproducers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reporting System (FRS) (see Table 3.12). 6 Data for 1979 exclude downward revisions of 1,225 million barrels COE due to Iranian policies. Datafor 1986 exclude downward revisions due to Libyan sanctions. 7 Data for 1982 and 1984 are adjusted to exclude purchases of proved reserves associated withmergers among the Financial Reporting System companies. 8 Data for 1985 and 1987 exclude downward revisions of 1,477 million barrels COE and 2,396 million

barrels COE, respectively, of Alaska North Slope natural gas reserv

R=Revised. NA=Not available. Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/finance.Sources: Major U.S. Energy Companies: 1974-1976—E

Form EIA-28, "Financial Reporting System" database, Novem

Performance Profiles of Major Energy Producers, annual reports. UReserves of Liquid and Gaseous Hydrocarbons: 1975-1979

Petroleum Institute, and Canadian Petroleum Association (published Gas Liquids, and Natural Gas in the United States and Canada as o

1980. 1980 forward—EIA, U.S. Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and 

reports.
112 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

1 Nominal dollars. 2 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. See OECD Europe in 

Glossary.

3 This region includes areas that are eastward of the Greenwich prime meridian to 180° 

longitude and that are not included in other specific domestic or foreign classifications. 

 This region includes areas that are westward of the Greenwich prime meridian to 180° 

longitude and that are not included in other specific domestic or foreign classifications. 

Figure 4.9 Major U.S. Energy Companies' Expenditures for Crude Oil and Natural Gas Explorati Development by Region

By Region, 2000

United States Canada OECD Europe2 Eastern Europe Africa Middle East Other Eastern 

0

1020304050 48.0

4.9

7.5

0.9 2.7 0.6

6.8 

Billion Dollars1

U.S. and Foreign, 1974-2000

1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998

0

20406080

Billion Dollars1

U.S. Onshore and Offshore, 

1977 1981 1985 1

0

20406080

Billion Dollars1

Hemisphere3

United States

Foreign

Onsh

Offshore

Notes: Major U.S. Energy Companies are the top publicly-

that form the Financial Reporting System (FRS). See Table 3.12. differ, graphs should not be compared. 

Source: Table 4.9.

and Former U.S.S.R.

4

Total, 1974-2000

1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998

0

20406080

Billion Dollars1
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 4.9 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Expenditures for Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploration an by Region, 1974-2000 (Billion Dollars1

)

Year

United States Foreign

Onshore Offshore Total Canada 

OECD 2

Europe

Eastern

Europe and

Former U.S.S.R. Africa

Middle

East

Other

Eastern

Hemisphere 3

Other

Western

Hemisphere 4 

1974 NA NA 8.7 NA NA — NA NA NA NA 1975 NA NA 7.8 NA NA — NA NA NA NA 1976 NA NA 9.5 NA NA — NA NA NA NA 1977 6.7 4.0 10.7 1.5 2.5 — 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.4 1978 7.5 4.3 11.8 1.6 2.6 — 0.8 0.3 0.4 0.6 1979 13.0 8.3 21.3 2.3 3.0 — 0.8 0.2 0.5 0.8 1980 16.8 9.4 26.2 3.1 4.3 — 1.4 0.2 0.8 1.0 1981 19.9 13.0 33.0 1.8 5.0 — 2.1 0.3 1.9 1.3 1982 27.2 11.9 39.1 1.9 6.3 — 2.1 0.4 2.4 1.1 1983 16.0 11.1 27.1 1.6 4.3 — 1.7 0.5 2.0 0.6 1984 32.1 16.0 48.1 5.4 5.5 — 3.4 0.5 2.0 0.5 1985 20.0 8.5 28.5 1.9 3.7 — 1.6 0.9 1.3 0.7 1986 12.5 4.9 17.4 1.1 3.2 — 1.1 0.3 1.2 0.6 1987 9.7 4.5 14.3 1.9 3.0 — 0.8 0.4 2.8 0.5 1988 12.9 8.1 21.0 5.4 4.3 — 0.8 0.4 1.4 0.7 1989 9.0 6.0 15.0 6.3 3.5 — 1.0 0.4 2.3 0.6 1990 10.2 4.9 15.1 1.8 6.6 — 1.4 0.6 2.4 0.7 1991 9.6 4.6 14.2 1.7 6.8 — 1.5 0.5 2.4 0.7 1992 7.3 3.0 10.3 1.1 6.8 — 1.4 0.6 2.4 0.6 1993 7.2 3.7 10.9 1.6 5.5 0.3 1.5 0.7 2.5 0.6 1994 7.8 4.8 12.6 1.8 4.4 0.3 1.4 0.4 2.8 0.7 1995 7.7 4.7 12.4 1.9 5.2 0.4 2.0 0.4 2.4 0.9 1996 7.9 6.7 14.6 1.6 5.6 0.5 2.8 0.5 4.1 1.6 1997 13.0 8.8 21.8 2.0 7.1 0.6 3.0 0.6 3.0 1.6 1998 13.5 11.0 24.4 4.8 8.6 1.3 3.1 0.9 3.9 3.7 1999 6.6 6.9 13.5 R2.1 4.1 0.6 3.1 0.4 3.4 3.8 2000 27.1 21.0 48.0 4.9 7.5 0.9 2.7 0.6 6.8 5.4 

1 Nominal dollars. 2 Organization for Economic Cooporation and Development. See OECD Europe in Glossary. 3 This region includes areas that are eastward of the Greenwich prime meridian to 180 longitude and

that are not included in other domestic or foreign classifications. 4 This region includes areas that are westward of the Greenwich prime meridian to 180 longitude andthat are not included in other domestic or foreign classifications.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. — = Not applicable. 

Notes: Major U.S. Energy Companies are the top publicly-owne

producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Report

Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent round

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/finance.Sources: 1974-1976—Energy Information Administration (EIA), 

Financial Reporting System Database, November 1997. 1977 

Major Energy Producers, annual reports.
114 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be comp

Source: Table 4.10.

Figure 4.10 Liquid and Gaseous Hydrocarbon Proved Reserves

By Type, 1949-2000

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

204060

Billion Barrels COE1

API and AGA Data EIA Data 

API and AGA Data: 1949-1979

EIA Data: 1977-2000

Natural Gas

Crude Oil

Natural Gas Liquids

1 COE=crude oil equivalent.Notes: Data are at end of year. API=American Petroleum Institute. 

AGA=American Gas Association. EIA=Energy Information Administration. 

Total, 1949-2000

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

255075

100

Billion Barrels COE1

By Type, 2000

Natural Gas Crude Oil 

0

10203040

31

22

Billion Barrels COE1
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 4.10 Liquid and Gaseous Hydrocarbon Proved Reserves, 1949-2000

Year

Crude Oil Natural Gas Natural Gas Liquids 

Billion Barrels Trillion Cubic Feet 1 Billion Barrels COE 2 Billion Barrels Billion Barrels COE 2 

American Petroleum Institute and American Gas Association Data

1949 24.6 179.4 32.0 3.7 3.1 1950 25.3 184.6 32.9 4.3 3.5 1951 27.5 192.8 34.4 4.7 3.9 1952 28.0 198.6 35.4 5.0 4.1 1953 28.9 210.3 37.5 5.4 4.4 1954 29.6 210.6 37.6 5.2 4.2 1955 30.0 222.5 39.7 5.4 4.4 1956 30.4 236.5 42.2 5.9 4.7 1957 30.3 245.2 43.8 5.7 4.5 1958 30.5 252.8 45.1 6.2 5.0 1959 31.7 261.2 46.6 6.5 5.2 1960 31.6 262.3 46.8 6.8 5.4 1961 31.8 266.3 47.5 7.0 5.6 1962 31.4 272.3 48.6 7.3 5.8 1963 31.0 276.2 49.1 7.7 6.0 1964 31.0 281.3 50.0 7.7 6.1 1965 31.4 286.5 51.0 8.0 6.3 1966 31.5 289.3 51.5 8.3 6.5 1967 31.4 292.9 52.1 8.6 6.7 1968 30.7 287.3 51.1 8.6 6.7 1969 29.6 275.1 48.9 8.1 6.3 1970 39.0 290.7 51.7 7.7 5.9 1971 38.1 278.8 49.6 7.3 5.5 1972 36.3 266.1 47.1 6.8 5.1 1973 35.3 250.0 44.0 6.5 4.8 1974 34.2 237.1 41.9 6.4 4.7 1975 32.7 228.2 40.2 6.3 4.6 1976 30.9 216.0 38.0 6.4 4.7 1977 29.5 208.9 36.8 6.0 4.4 1978 27.8 200.3 35.2 5.9 4.3 1979 27.1 194.9 34.3 5.7 4.1 

Energy Information Administration Data

1977 31.8 207.4 36.5 NA NA 1978 31.4 208.0 36.5 6.8 4.9 1979 29.8 201.0 35.4 6.6 4.8 1980 29.8 199.0 35.2 6.7 4.9 1981 29.4 201.7 35.7 7.1 5.2 1982 27.9 201.5 35.7 7.2 5.2 1983 27.7 200.2 35.6 7.9 5.7 1984 28.4 197.5 35.1 7.6 5.5 1985 28.4 193.4 34.4 7.9 5.6 1986 26.9 191.6 34.0 8.2 5.7 1987 27.3 187.2 33.3 8.1 5.8 1988 26.8 168.0 29.8 8.2 5.8 1989 26.5 167.1 29.7 7.8 5.5 1990 26.3 169.3 30.1 7.6 5.4 1991 24.7 167.1 29.7 7.5 5.3 1992 23.7 165.0 29.3 7.5 5.2 1993 23.0 162.4 28.8 7.2 5.1 1994 22.5 163.8 29.0 7.2 5.1 1995 22.4 165.1 29.2 7.4 5.3 1996 22.0 166.5 29.5 7.8 5.5 1997 22.5 167.2 29.6 8.0 5.6 1998 21.0 164.0 29.2 7.5 5.3 1999 21.8 167.4 29.6 7.9 5.5 2000 22.0 177.4 31.4 8.3 5.8 

1 The American Gas Association estimates of natural gas proved reserves include volumes of gas held

in underground storage. In 1979, this volume amounted to 4.9 trillion cubic feet. Energy InformationAdministration (EIA) data do not include gas in underground storage. 2 Crude oil equivalent. Natural gas and natural gas liquids are converted to Btu on the basis of annualaverage conversion factors. See Appendix A.

NA=Not available. Note: Data are at end of year.

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/pet_frame.Sources: API/AGA Data: American Gas Association, Americ

Petroleum Association (published jointly). Reserves of Crude Oil, Nthe United States and Canada as of December 31, 1979. 

1977-1989—EIA, U.S. Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural G

1990 forward—EIA, U.S. Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Ga

(December 2001), Table 1. 
116 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Source: Table 4.11.

Figure 4.11 Coal Demonstrated Reserve Base, January 1, 2001

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared. 

By Key State

Montana Illinois Wyo- West Ken- Penn- Ohio Colo- Texas New Indiana

0

255075

100125 120

105

66

34 31 28 24

17 13 12 10

Billion Short Tons

West and East of Mississippi

West of East of

0

100200300400

262

239

Billion Short Tons

By Region

Western 

0

100200300400

237

Billion Short Tons

By Mining Method

Underground Surface

0

100200300400

339

163

Billion Short Tons

By Rank

Bitu- Subbi

0

100200300400

267

183

Billion Short Tons

Mississippi Mississippi

ming Virginia tucky sylvania rado Mexico

minous mino
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 4.11 Coal Demonstrated Reserve Base, January 1, 2001 (Billion Short Tons)

Region and State Anthracite

Bituminous Coal Subbituminous Coal Lignite 

Underground Surface Underground Surface Surface 1 Underground 

Appalachian .......................................................... 7.3 72.9 23.7 0.0 0.0 1.1 76.9 

 Alabama ............................................................... 0.0 1.2 2.1 0.0 0.0 1.1 1.2 

 Kentucky, Eastern ................................................ 0.0 1.7 9.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.7  Ohio ...................................................................... 0.0 17.7 5.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 17.7  Pennsylvania ........................................................ 7.2 19.9 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.8  Virginia .................................................................. 0.1 1.2 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3  West Virginia ........................................................ 0.0 30.1 4.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 30.1  Other 2 .................................................................. 0.0 1.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 

Interior ................................................................... 0.1 117.8 27.5 0.0 0.0 13.1 117.9 

 Illinois .................................................................... 0.0 88.2 16.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 88.2 

 Indiana .................................................................. 0.0 8.8 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.8  Iowa ...................................................................... 0.0 1.7 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.7  Kentucky, Western ............................................... 0.0 16.1 3.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.1  Missouri ................................................................ 0.0 1.5 4.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5  Oklahoma ............................................................. 0.0 1.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2  Texas .................................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.7 0.0  Other 3 .................................................................. 0.1 0.3 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.4 Western ................................................................. (s) 22.3 2.3 121.3 61.8 29.6 143.7  Alaska ................................................................... 0.0 0.6 0.1 4.8 0.6 (s) 5.4  Colorado ............................................................... (s) 8.0 0.6 3.8 0.0 4.2 11.8  Montana ................................................................ 0.0 1.4 0.0 69.6 32.8 15.8 71.0  New Mexico .......................................................... (s) 2.7 0.9 3.5 5.2 0.0 6.2  North Dakota ........................................................ 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.2 0.0  Utah ...................................................................... 0.0 5.4 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.4  Washington ........................................................... 0.0 0.3 0.0 1.0 (s) (s) 1.3  Wyoming ............................................................... 0.0 3.8 0.5 38.7 23.2 0.0 42.5  Other 4 .................................................................. 0.0 0.1 0.0 (s) (s) 0.4 0.1 

U.S. Total ............................................................... 7.5 213.1 53.5 121.3 61.8 43.8 338.5  States East of the Mississippi River ..................... 7.3 186.1 44.8 0.0 0.0 1.1 190.1 

 States West of the Mississippi River .................... 0.1 27.0 8.7 121.3 61.8 42.7 148.4 

1 Lignite resources are not mined underground in the United States. 2 Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, and Tennessee. 3 Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana, and Michigan. 4 Arizona, Idaho, Oregon, and South Dakota.

(s)=Less than 0.05 billion short tons. Notes: See U.S. Coal Reserves: 1997 Update on the Web Page for a description of the methodology

used to produce these data. Data represent known measured and indicated coal resources meeting

minimum seam and depth criteria, in the ground as of January 1, totally recoverable. Net recoverability ranges from 0 percent to more the demonstrated reserve base of coal in the United States is estim

not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelcoal.html.Source: Energy Information Administration, Coal Reserves Databa
118 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Source: Table 4.12.

Figure 4.12 Uranium Exploration and Development Drilling

Total Holes Drilled, 1958-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

20406080

100120

Thousands

Total Footage Drilled, 1949-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

1020304050

Million Feet

Holes Drilled, Selected Years

1961 1971 1981 

0

102030

8

28

18

2 

19

10 9

Thousands 

Footage Drilled, Selected Years

1961 1971 1981 

048

12

1

11 11

1

3

4 3

Million Feet 

Data Begin

in 1958
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 4.12 Uranium Exploration and Development Drilling, 1949-2001

Year

Exploration 1 Development 2 

Holes Drilled

(thousands)

Footage Drilled

(million feet)

Holes Drilled

(thousands)

Footage Drilled

(million feet)

Holes Drilled

(thousands)

1949 NA 0.36 NA 0.05 NA 1950 NA 0.57 NA 0.21 NA 1951 NA 1.08 NA 0.35 NA 1952 NA 1.36 NA 0.30 NA 1953 NA 3.65 NA 0.37 NA 1954 NA 4.06 NA 0.55 NA 1955 NA 5.27 NA 0.76 NA 1956 NA 7.29 NA 1.50 NA 1957 NA 7.35 NA 1.85 NA 1958 25.32 3.76 22.93 3.49 48.25 1959 16.25 2.37 19.59 3.28 35.84 1960 7.34 1.40 24.40 4.21 31.73 1961 8.26 1.32 19.31 3.19 27.57 1962 6.44 1.48 12.87 2.43 19.31 1963 8.47 0.88 13.53 1.98 22.01 1964 5.97 0.97 9.91 1.25 15.88 1965 6.23 1.16 7.33 0.95 13.56 1966 5.75 1.80 13.18 2.40 18.93 1967 12.79 5.44 16.95 5.33 29.74 1968 38.47 16.23 19.53 7.53 58.00 1969 47.85 20.47 28.01 9.39 75.86 1970 43.98 17.98 14.87 5.55 58.85 1971 28.42 11.40 10.44 4.05 38.86 1972 26.91 11.82 9.71 3.61 36.62 1973 22.56 10.83 11.70 5.59 34.26 1974 27.40 14.72 12.30 6.84 39.70 1975 34.29 15.69 21.60 9.73 55.89 1976 40.41 20.36 27.23 14.44 67.64 1977 62.60 27.96 30.86 17.62 93.45 1978 75.07 28.95 29.29 19.15 104.35 1979 60.46 28.07 30.19 13.01 90.65 1980 39.61 19.60 20.19 8.59 59.80 1981 17.75 10.87 8.67 3.35 26.42 1982 6.97 4.23 3.00 1.13 9.97 1983 4.29 2.09 3.01 1.08 7.30 1984 4.80 2.26 0.72 0.29 5.52 1985 2.88 1.42 0.77 0.34 3.65 1986 1.99 1.10 1.85 0.97 3.83 1987 1.82 1.11 1.99 0.86 3.81 1988 2.03 1.28 3.18 1.73 5.21 1989 2.09 1.43 1.75 0.80 3.84 1990 1.51 0.87 1.91 0.81 3.42 1991 1.62 0.97 1.57 0.87 3.20 1992 0.94 0.56 0.83 0.50 1.77 1993 0.36 0.22 1.67 0.89 2.02 1994 0.52 0.34 0.48 0.32 1.00 1995 0.58 0.40 1.73 0.95 2.31 1996 1.12 0.88 3.58 2.16 4.70 1997 1.94 1.33 5.86 3.56 7.79 1998 1.37 0.89 5.23 3.75 6.60 1999 0.27 0.18 2.91 2.33 3.18 2000 W W W W 1.55 2001 0.00 0.00 1.02 0.66 1.02 

1 Includes surface drilling in search of new ore deposits or extensions of known deposits and drilling at

the location of a discovery up to the time the company decides sufficient ore reserves are present to justifycommercial exploitation. 2 Includes all surface drilling on an ore deposit to determine more precisely size, grade, andconfiguration subsequent to the time that commercial exploitation is deemed feasible.

NA=Not available. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. 

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independeWeb Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelnuclear.html.Sources: 1949-1981—U.S. Department of Energy, Grand J

Uranium Industry, January 1, 1983, Report No. GJO-100 (1983), T

Information Administration, Uranium Industry Annual, annual reports. 
120 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

1California, Idaho, Nebraska, Nevada, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, Washington, and Source: Table 4.13.

undisclosed.

Notes: Data are at end of year. 

Figure 4.13 Uranium Reserves and Resources, 2001

Reserves and Resources

$30 or Less $50 or 

012345

0.3

0.9

2.2

3.3

1.3

Billion Pounds 

Forward Co

(dollars p

ReservesEstimated Additional R

Speculative Resource

NM

AZ

UT

CO

WY

NESDND

TX

CA

OR

WA

ID

NV

84

341

566

108

368

588

7 24 39

Forward Cost Category

(dollars per pound)

$30 or Less$50 or Less$100 or Less

41

115

160

Sum of AZ, CO, and UT

28 51 68

Sum of Other States1 Reserves, Million Pounds U3O8 

Billion Pounds U O3 8
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 4.13 Uranium Reserves and Resources, 2001 (Million Pounds U3O8)

Resource Category and State

Forward Cost Category (dollars per pound) 1

$30 or Less $50 or Less 

Reserves 2 ......................................................................................................................... 268 899 

 New Mexico .................................................................................................................. 84 341  Wyoming ....................................................................................................................... 108 368  Texas ............................................................................................................................ 7 24  Arizona, Colorado, Utah ............................................................................................... 41 115  Others 3 ........................................................................................................................ 28 51 

Potential Resources 4

 Estimated Additional Resources ..................................................................................... 2,180 3,310  Speculative Resources ................................................................................................... 1,310 2,230 

1 Forward costs are all operating and capital costs (in current dollars) yet to be incurred in the

production of uranium from estimated resources. Excluded are previous expenditures (such as explorationand land acquisitions), taxes, profit, and the cost of money. Generally, forward costs are lower than marketprices. Resource values in forward-cost categories are cumulative; that is, the quantity at each level offorward-cost includes all reserves/resources at the lower cost in that category. 2 The Energy Information Administration category of uranium reserves is equivalent to the internationallyreported category of Reasonably Assured Resources (RAR). 3 California, Idaho, Nebraska, Nevada, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, Washington, and

undisclosed. 4 Shown are the mean values for the distribution of estimates fo

to the nearest million pounds U3O8.

Note: Data are at end of year.Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelnuclear.html.Sources: Forward Costs $30 or Less and $50 or Less—En

Uranium Industry Annual 2001 (May 2002), Tables B1 and B4. Foof Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels database as of Decemb
Energy Resources

Note 1. These volumes are the sum of the respective mean estimates inUnited States Geological Survey, 1995 National Assessment of UnitedStates Oil and Gas Resources, Circular 1118 (Washington DC, 1995), pp. 2and 17-19, for the onshore United States and State jurisdiction offshore waters, and in Minerals Management Services, Outer Continental Shelf Petroleum Assessment, 2000 (Washington DC, 2001), for the Federal jurisdiction

offshore (http://www.mms.gov/revaldiv/RedNatAssessment.htm).Conventionally reservoired deposits are discrete subsurface accumulationsof crude oil or natural gas usually defined, controlled, or limited by hydrocarbon/water contacts. Unconventionally reservoired deposits (continuous-type accumulations) are geographically extensive subsurfaceaccumulations of crude oil or natural gas that generally lack well-definedhydrocarbon/water contacts. Examples include coalbed methane, “tightgas,” and auto-sourced oil- and gas-shale reservoirs. Ultimate recovery appreciation (reserve growth) is the volume by which the estimate of total recovery from a known oil or gas reservoir or aggregation of such reservoirs

is expected to increase during the time betweeabandonment.For purposes of comparison, the Potential Gtry-sponsored group of experts, biennially cally-based estimate of the Nation’s natural gas estimate, published in “Potential Supply of States,” December 31, 2000, is 1,091 trillion ccludes undiscovered conventionally reservoir

mate recovery appreciation, coalbed methanebelieved to be technically recoverable and markNote 2. For 1970 forward, annual well complebased on individual well reports submitted to thtute (1970-1994) and to Petroleum Informatioward). The as-received well completion incomplete due to delays in the reporting of wstatistically imputes the missing data to provicompletions and footage where necessary.

122 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001
Oil pumping unit and drilling rig, Texas. Source: U.S. Department of Energy.

Petroleum

5

Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Diagram 2. Petroleum Flow, 2001

(Million Barrels per Day)

Includes lease condensate.

Natural gas plant liquids.

Notes: Data are preliminary. Totals may not equal s

independent rounding.

Sources: Tables 5.1, 5.3, 5.5, 5.8, 5.11, 5.12a-5.12d, 5.14, and 

2002, Table 3.

de

 

Unfinished oils, motor gasoline blending components, aviation gasoline blending

components, and other hydrocarbons and oxygenates.

Finished petroleum products, liquefied petroleum gases, pentanes plus, and other

liquids.

Unfinished oils requiring further refinery processing, and aviation blending components.

abc

Crude Oil

Imports

9.15

Crude Oil

Exports

0.02

Other

Liquidsa

0.81

Domestic

0.20

Imports

0.61

Crude Oil

Refinery

Input

15.13

Crude Oil

Supply

15.00

Crude Oil

Production

5.85

d

Refinery

Input

16.31

Crude Oil

Stock Change,

Unaccounted for,

and Losses

0.15

NGPLe

Refinery

Input

0.38

Processing

Gain

0.92

NGPLe

Direct Use

1.49

Refined Productb

Stock Change

0.22

Fuel Ethanol

and Motor Gasoline

Blending Components

0.31

Refinery

Output

17.23

Refined Productsb

Exports

0.92 Other Liquidsc

0.18

Refined Productsb

Imports

1.87

0.93

Jet Fuel 1.65

2.04 Liquefied Petroleum Gases

Residual

Fuel Oil

Petroleum

Consumption

19.59

Residen

Distillate

Fuel Oil

3.82

Other 2.57

Motor

Gasoline

8.59
126 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Sources: Tables 5.1 and 5.3.

Figure 5.1 Petroleum Overview

1 Approximate representation of petroleum consumption.2 Crude oil and natural gas plant liquids production; refinery processing gains; and field 

production of other hydrocarbons, hydrogen, oxygenates (ethers and alcohols), gasoline blending components, and finished petroleum products.

Crude Oil and Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production, 1949-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

02468

10

Million Barrels per Day

Overview, 1949-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

05

101520

Million Barrels per Day

Trade, 1949-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 

02468

10

Natural Gas Plant Liquids

Million Barrels per Day

Crude Oil

Products Supplied1

Domestic Supply 2

Imports

Crude Oil Imp

Exports

Peak: 9.64 in 1970

5.85

 in 2001

Overview, 2001

Domestic Supply 2 Imports Export

05

101520

9.0

11.6

1.0

Million Barrels per Day
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 5.1 Petroleum Overview, 1949-2001 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Production

Other

Domestic

Supply 2

Trade

Stock

Change 3

Crude Oil

Natural Gas

48 States Plant Liquids Total Imports Exports Net Imports 1 Alaska Total

1949 5,046 0 5,046 430 5,477 -2 645 327 318 -8 1950 5,407 0 5,407 499 5,906 2 850 305 545 -56 1951 6,158 0 6,158 561 6,719 7 844 422 422 101 1952 6,256 0 6,256 611 6,867 7 952 432 520 108 1953 6,458 0 6,458 654 7,111 20 1,034 402 633 142 1954 6,342 0 6,342 691 7,033 23 1,052 355 696 -29 1955 6,807 0 6,807 771 7,578 R34 1,248 368 880 (s) 

1956 7,151 0 7,151 800 7,951 43 1,436 430 1,006 179 

1957 7,170 0 7,170 808 7,978 42 1,574 568 1,007 167 1958 6,710 0 6,710 808 7,517 64 1,700 276 1,425 -140 1959 7,053 1 7,054 879 7,932 86 1,780 211 1,569 51 1960 7,034 2 7,035 929 7,965 146 1,815 202 1,613 -83 1961 7,166 17 7,183 991 8,174 179 1,917 174 1,743 111 1962 7,304 28 7,332 1,021 8,353 175 2,082 168 1,913 32 1963 7,512 29 7,542 1,098 8,640 202 2,123 208 1,915 3 1964 7,584 30 7,614 1,154 8,769 217 2,259 202 2,057 10 1965 7,774 30 7,804 1,210 9,014 220 2,468 187 2,281 -8 1966 8,256 39 8,295 1,284 9,579 245 2,573 198 2,375 104 1967 8,730 80 8,810 1,409 10,220 292 2,537 307 2,230 173 1968 8,915 181 9,096 1,504 10,599 R319 2,840 231 2,609 152 1969 9,035 203 9,238 1,590 10,827 335 3,166 233 2,933 -48 1970 9,408 229 9,637 1,660 11,297 R359 3,419 259 3,161 103 

1971 9,245 218 9,463 1,693 11,155 R382 3,926 224 3,701 71 

1972 9,242 199 9,441 1,744 11,185 R388 4,741 222 4,519 -232 1973 9,010 198 9,208 1,738 10,946 R483 6,256 231 6,025 135 

1974 8,581 193 8,774 1,688 10,462 R516 6,112 221 5,892 179 

1975 8,183 191 8,375 1,633 10,008 R497 6,056 209 5,846 32 1976 7,958 173 8,132 1,604 9,736 R515 7,313 223 7,090 -58 

1977 7,781 464 8,245 1,618 9,862 R575 8,807 243 8,565 548 

1978 7,478 1,229 8,707 1,567 10,275 R549 8,363 362 8,002 -94 1979 7,151 1,401 8,552 1,584 10,135 R571 8,456 471 7,985 173 

1980 6,980 1,617 8,597 1,573 10,170 R641 6,909 544 6,365 140 

1981 6,962 1,609 8,572 1,609 10,180 R558 5,996 595 5,401 160 1982 6,953 1,696 8,649 1,550 10,199 R583 5,113 815 4,298 -147 

1983 6,974 1,714 8,688 1,559 10,246 R541 5,051 739 4,312 -20 

1984 7,157 1,722 8,879 1,630 10,509 R599 5,437 722 4,715 280 1985 7,146 1,825 8,971 1,609 10,581 R612 5,067 781 4,286 -103 

1986 6,814 1,867 8,680 1,551 10,231 R674 6,224 785 5,439 202 

1987 6,387 1,962 8,349 1,595 9,944 R703 6,678 764 5,914 41 1988 6,123 2,017 8,140 1,625 9,765 R708 7,402 815 6,587 -28 

1989 5,739 1,874 7,613 1,546 9,159 R722 8,061 859 7,202 -43 

1990 5,582 1,773 7,355 1,559 8,914 R763 8,018 857 7,161 107 1991 5,618 1,798 7,417 1,659 9,076 R807 7,627 1,001 6,626 -10 

1992 5,457 1,714 7,171 1,697 8,868 R900 7,888 950 6,938 -68 

1993 5,264 1,582 6,847 1,736 8,582 R1,020 8,620 1,003 7,618 151 1994 5,103 1,559 6,662 1,727 8,388 R1,025 8,996 942 8,054 15 

1995 5,076 1,484 6,560 1,762 8,322 R1,078 8,835 949 7,886 -246 

1996 5,071 1,393 6,465 1,830 8,295 R1,150 9,478 981 8,498 -151 1997 5,156 1,296 6,452 1,817 8,269 R1,192 10,162 1,003 9,158 143 

1998 5,077 1,175 6,252 1,759 8,011 R1,267 10,708 945 9,764 239 

1999 4,832 1,050 5,881 1,850 7,731 R1,262 10,852 940 9,912 -422 2000 R4,851 970 R5,822 1,911 R7,733 R1,325 R11,459 1,040 R10,419 R-69 

2001P 4,884 968 5,853 1,864 7,716 1,305 11,619 982 10,637 309 

1 United States excluding Alaska and Hawaii. 2 Refinery processing gains and field production of other hydrocarbons, hydrogen, oxygenates (ethers

and alcohols), gasoline blending components, and finished petroleum products. 3 A negative number indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive number indicates an increase. Distillate stocks in the "Northeast Heating Oil Reserve" are not included. 4 "Unaccounted for" represents the difference between crude oil supply and disposition.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day.Notes: Crude oil includes lease condensate. For the definition of petroleum products supplied, see

Notes 1, 2, and 3 at end of section. Totals may not equal sum rounding.

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/Sources: 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Su

annual reports. 1976-1980—Energy Information Administration (E

Statement, Annual, annual reports. 1981-2000—EIA, Petrole

2001—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2002).
128 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Source: Table 5.2.

Figure 5.2 Crude Oil Production and Oil Well Productivity, 1954-2001

1 United States excluding Alaska and Hawaii.Note: Crude oil includes lease condensate.

48 States1 and Alaska

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

02468

10

Million Barrels per Day

Average Productivity

1960 1970 

048

121620

Barrels per Day per Well

By Geographic Location

1954 1959 1964 1969 1974 1979 1984 1989 1994 1999

02468

10

 Million Barrels per Day (Cumulative)

By Site

1954 1959 1964 1969 1974 1979 19

02468

10

 Million Barrels per Day (Cumulative)

Number of Producing Wells

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

200400600800

Thousand Wells

Total

Alaska

48 States1

Total

Offshore

Onshore

 48 States1

Alaska

Peak: 18

2001: 530

 thousand wells

1985: 647

thousand wells
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 5.2 Crude Oil Production and Oil Well Productivity, 1954-2001 (Thousand Barrels per Day, Except as Noted)

Year

Geographic Location Site Type

Total

Production

48 States 1 Alaska Onshore Offshore Crude Oil

Lease

Condensate

Pr

W

(tho

1954 6,342 0 6,209 133 6,342 4 ( ) 6,342 

1955 6,807 0 6,645 162 6,807 4 ( ) 6,807 

1956 7,151 0 6,951 201 7,151 4 ( ) 7,151 1957 7,170 0 6,940 229 7,170 4 ( ) 7,170 

1958 6,710 0 6,473 236 6,710 4 ( ) 6,710 

1959 7,053 1 6,779 274 7,054 4 ( ) 7,054 1960 7,034 2 6,716 319 7,035 4 ( ) 7,035 

1961 7,166 17 6,817 365 7,183 4 ( ) 7,183 

1962 7,304 28 6,888 444 7,332 4 ( ) 7,332 1963 7,512 29 7,026 515 7,542 4 ( ) 7,542 

1964 7,584 30 7,027 587 7,614 4 ( ) 7,614 

1965 7,774 30 7,140 665 7,804 4 ( ) 7,804 1966 8,256 39 7,473 823 8,295 4 ( ) 8,295 

1967 8,730 80 7,802 1,009 8,810 4 ( ) 8,810 

1968 8,915 181 7,808 1,287 8,660 436 9,096 1969 9,035 203 7,797 1,441 8,778 460 9,238 1970 9,408 229 8,060 1,577 9,180 457 9,637 1971 9,245 218 7,779 1,684 9,032 431 9,463 1972 9,242 199 7,780 1,660 8,998 443 9,441 1973 9,010 198 7,592 1,616 8,784 424 9,208 1974 8,581 193 7,285 1,489 8,375 399 8,774 1975 8,183 191 7,012 1,362 8,007 367 8,375 1976 7,958 173 6,868 1,264 7,776 356 8,132 1977 7,781 464 7,069 1,176 7,875 370 8,245 1978 7,478 1,229 7,571 1,136 8,353 355 8,707 1979 7,151 1,401 7,485 1,067 8,181 371 8,552 1980 6,980 1,617 7,562 1,034 8,210 386 8,597 1981 6,962 1,609 7,537 1,034 8,176 395 8,572 1982 6,953 1,696 7,538 1,110 8,261 387 8,649 1983 6,974 1,714 7,492 1,196 8,688 4 ( ) 8,688 1984 7,157 1,722 7,596 1,283 8,879 4 ( ) 8,879 

1985 7,146 1,825 7,722 1,250 8,971 4 ( ) 8,971 

1986 6,814 1,867 7,426 1,254 8,680 4 ( ) 8,680 1987 6,387 1,962 7,153 1,196 8,349 4 ( ) 8,349 

1988 6,123 2,017 6,949 1,191 8,140 4 ( ) 8,140 

1989 5,739 1,874 6,486 1,127 7,613 4 ( ) 7,613 1990 5,582 1,773 6,273 1,082 7,355 4 ( ) 7,355 

1991 5,618 1,798 6,245 1,172 7,417 4 ( ) 7,417 

1992 5,457 1,714 5,953 1,218 7,171 4 ( ) 7,171 1993 5,264 1,582 5,606 1,241 6,847 4 ( ) 6,847 

1994 5,103 1,559 5,291 1,370 6,662 4 ( ) 6,662 

1995 5,076 1,484 5,035 1,525 6,560 4 ( ) 6,560 1996 5,071 1,393 4,902 1,562 6,465 4 ( ) 6,465 

1997 5,156 1,296 4,803 1,648 6,452 4 ( ) 6,452 

1998 5,077 1,175 4,560 1,692 6,252 4 ( ) 6,252 1999 4,832 1,050 4,132 1,750 5,881 4 ( ) 5,881 

2000 R4,851 970 R4,049 R1,773 R5,822 4 ( ) R5,822 

2001 P4,884 P968 E3,947 E1,905 P5,853 4 ( ) P5,853 

1 United States excluding Alaska and Hawaii. 2 As of December 31. 3 For 1954-1976, average productivity is based on the average number of producing wells. For 1977

forward, average productivity is based on the number of wells producing at end of year. 4 Included in crude oil.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html.Sources: Offshore: 1954-1969—U.S. Geological Survey, Outer Continental Shelf Statistics, June

1979. 1970-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual

reports. 1976-1980—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports, Petroleum

Statement, Annual, annual reports. 1981-2000—EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports.

2001—EIA estimates. Onshore: 1954-1975—Bureau of Mine

Statement, Annual, annual reports. 1976-1980—EIA, Energy 

Annual, annual reports. 1981-2000—EIA, Petroleum Supply A

estimates. Producing Wells: 1954-1975—Bureau of Mines, MinPetroleum Products" chapter. 1976-1980—EIA, Energy Data Rannual reports. 1981-1994—Independent Petroleum Association in Your State. 1995 forward—Gulf Publishing Co., World O

1954-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleu

1976-1980—EIA, Energy Data Reports, Petroleum S

1981-2000—EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports. 2

(February 2002).
130 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

1 Liquefied petroleum gases.2 Aviation gasoline and blending components, other hydrocarbons/oxygenates (ethers and 

alcohols), kerosene, lubricants, pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, special naphthas, wax, and miscellaneous products. 

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Source: Table 5.3.

Figure 5.3 Petroleum Imports by Type

By Product, 2001

Motor Gasoline Residual Distillate Motor Gasoline Unfinished Oils LPG1 Jet Fuel Asphalt and 

0

100200300400500

448

384

357

289

241

199

147

26

Thousand Barrels per Day

By Selected Product, 1949-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 19

0.00.51.01.52.0

Million Barrels per Day

Total, 1949-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

02468

1012

Million Barrels per Day Total Crude Oil Petroleum Products Residual Fuel 

Distillate Fuel Oil

Motor

Gasoline

Fuel Oil Fuel Oil Blending Components Road Oil
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 5.3 Petroleum Imports by Type, 1949-2001 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Crude

Oil 1

Petroleum Products

Asphalt and

Road Oil

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Jet

Fuel 2

Liquefied Petroleum Gases

Motor

Gasoline 4

Motor

Gasoline

Blending

Components

Residual

Fuel Oil

Unfinished

Oils

Othe

Produc

Propane 

3 Total

1949 421 3 5 6 ( ) 0 0 0 0 206 10 0 

1950 487 5 7 6 ( ) 0 0 (s) 7 ( ) 329 21 1 

1951 491 7 5 6 () 0 0 1 7 ( ) 326 14 0 1952 573 7 7 6 () 0 0 5 7 ( ) 351 9 0 

1953 648 7 9 6 () 0 0 1 7 ( ) 360 9 0 

1954 656 9 9 6 () 0 0 3 7 ( ) 354 21 (s1955 782 9 12 6 ( ) 0 0 13 7 ( ) 417 15 0 

1956 934 10 14 21 0 0 5 7 ( ) 445 7 (s

1957 1,023 18 23 25 0 0 8 7 ( ) 475 3 (s1958 953 20 41 57 0 0 38 7 ( ) 499 92 (s

1959 965 19 48 37 0 0 37 7 ( ) 610 63 (s

1960 1,015 17 35 34 NA 4 27 7 ( ) 637 45 (s1961 1,045 18 48 28 NA 5 29 7 ( ) 666 69 8 

1962 1,126 18 32 30 NA 6 38 7 ( ) 724 89 18 

1963 1,131 17 25 41 NA 7 44 7 ( ) 747 87 24 1964 1,198 16 32 33 NA 11 29 7 ( ) 808 89 42 

1965 1,238 17 36 81 NA 21 28 7 ( ) 946 92 10 

1966 1,225 17 38 86 NA 29 43 7 ( ) 1,032 97 7 1967 1,128 18 51 89 11 27 42 7 ( ) 1,085 97 2 

1968 1,291 17 132 105 15 32 59 7 ( ) 1,120 80 4 

1969 1,409 13 139 125 14 35 62 7 ( ) 1,265 106 12 1970 1,324 17 147 144 26 52 67 7 ( ) 1,528 108 32 

1971 1,681 20 153 180 32 70 59 7 ( ) 1,583 124 56 

1972 2,216 25 182 194 43 89 68 7 ( ) 1,742 125 101 1973 3,244 23 392 212 71 132 134 7 ( ) 1,853 137 129 

1974 3,477 31 289 163 59 123 204 7 ( ) 1,587 121 117 

1975 4,105 14 155 133 60 112 184 7 ( ) 1,223 36 95 1976 5,287 11 146 76 68 130 131 7 ( ) 1,413 32 87 

1977 6,615 4 250 75 86 161 217 7 ( ) 1,359 31 95 

1978 6,356 2 173 86 57 123 190 7 ( ) 1,355 27 50 1979 6,519 4 193 78 88 217 181 7 ( ) 1,151 59 54 

1980 5,263 4 142 80 69 216 140 7 ( ) 939 55 72 

1981 4,396 4 173 38 70 244 157 24 800 112 48 1982 3,488 5 93 29 63 226 197 42 776 174 84 1983 3,329 7 174 29 44 190 247 47 699 234 94 1984 3,426 18 272 62 67 195 299 83 681 231 171 1985 3,201 35 200 39 67 187 381 67 510 318 130 1986 4,178 29 247 57 110 242 326 72 669 250 153 1987 4,674 36 255 67 88 190 384 60 565 299 146 1988 5,107 31 302 90 106 209 405 57 644 360 196 1989 5,843 31 306 106 111 181 369 66 629 348 183 1990 5,894 32 278 108 115 188 342 62 504 413 198 1991 5,782 28 205 67 91 147 297 36 453 413 198 1992 6,083 27 216 82 85 131 294 41 375 443 195 1993 6,787 32 184 100 103 160 247 27 373 491 219 1994 7,063 37 203 117 124 183 356 20 314 413 291 1995 7,230 36 193 106 102 146 265 48 187 349 276 1996 7,508 27 230 111 119 166 336 166 248 367 319 1997 8,225 32 228 91 113 169 309 200 194 353 360 1998 8,706 28 210 124 137 194 311 209 275 302 350 1999 8,731 34 250 128 122 182 382 217 237 317 375 2000 R9,071 28 R295 R162 R161 R215 R427 R223 R352 R274 R414 

2001P 9,146 26 357 147 139 199 448 289 384 241 382 

1 Includes any imports for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977. 2 Prior to 1965, imports of kerosene-type jet fuel were included with kerosene, which is listed under

"Other Products." 3 Includes propylene. 4 Prior to 1964, motor gasoline data were for total gasoline, including motor gasoline, aviation gasoline,and special naphthas. After 1980, excludes motor gasoline blending components. 5 Aviation gasoline, aviation gasoline blending components, other hydrocarbons/oxygenates (ethers andalcohols), kerosene, lubricants, pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, specialnaphthas, wax, and miscellaneous products. 6 Included in motor gasoline.

7 If applicable, included in motor gasoline.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 500 Notes: Includes imports from U.S. possessions and territori

components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/Sources: 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Su

annual reports. 1976-1980—Energy Information Administration (Statement, Annual, annual reports. 1981-2000—EIA, Petrol

2001—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2002).
132 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared. Source: Table 5.4.

Figure 5.4 Petroleum Imports by Country of Origin

Selected OPEC Countries, 1960-2001

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0.00.51.01.52.0

Million Barrels per Day

Total, OPEC, and Non-OPEC, 1960-2001

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

02468

1012

Million Barrels per Day

Selected Non-OPEC Countries, 1960-2001

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 

0.00.30.60.91.21.51.8

Million Barrels per Day

Selected Countries, 2001

2000

0.00.51.01.52.0

1.8

1.7

1.5

1.4

0.9 

Million Barrels per Day 

Saudi Arabia

Total

OPEC

Canada 

Non-OPEC

Venezuela

Nigeria

Canada Saudi

Arabia

Venezuela Mexico Nigeria 

Iraq Norway
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 5.4 Petroleum Imports by Country of Origin, 1960-2001

Year

Persian

Gulf

Nations 2

Selected OPEC 1 Countries Selected Non-OPEC Countries

Tot

Impo

Iraq Nigeria 

Saudi

Arabia Venezuela

Total

OPEC 3 Canada Colombia Mexico Norway

United

Kingdom

Total

Non-OPEC

Thousand Barrels per Day 

1960 NA 17 0 84 911 1,314 120 40 16 0 (s) 500 1,81961 346 R25 0 73 879 1,286 190 28 40 0 1 631 1,91962 272 2 0 74 906 1,265 250 24 49 0 2 816 2,081963 303 1 0 108 900 1,283 265 23 48 0 3 839 2,121964 315 0 0 131 933 1,361 299 26 47 0 (s) 898 2,251965 345 16 15 158 994 1,476 323 42 48 0 (s) 992 2,461966 306 26 11 147 1,018 1,471 384 40 45 0 6 1,102 2,571967 198 5 5 92 938 1,259 450 32 49 0 11 1,278 2,531968 202 0 9 74 886 1,302 506 33 45 0 28 1,538 2,841969 179 0 49 65 875 1,336 608 43 43 0 20 1,830 3,161970 121 0 50 30 989 1,343 766 20 42 0 11 2,076 3,41971 299 11 102 128 1,020 1,673 857 9 27 0 10 2,253 3,921972 471 4 251 190 959 2,063 1,108 5 21 0 9 2,678 4,741973 848 4 459 486 1,135 2,993 1,325 9 16 1 15 3,263 6,251974 1,039 0 713 461 979 3,280 1,070 5818 2,832 6,11975 1,165 2 762 715 702 3,601 846 9 71 17 14 2,454 6,051976 1,840 26 1,025 1,230 700 5,066 599 21 87 36 31 2,247 7,31977 2,448 74 1,143 1,380 690 6,193 517 17 179 50 126 2,614 8,801978 2,219 62 919 1,144 646 5,751 467 20 318 104 180 2,612 8,361979 2,069 88 1,080 1,356 690 5,637 538 18 439 75 202 2,819 8,451980 1,519 28 857 1,261 481 4,300 455 4 533 144 176 2,609 6,901981 1,219 (s) 620 1,129 406 3,323 447 1 522 119 375 2,672 5,991982 696 3 514 552 412 2,146 482 5 685 102 456 2,968 5,11983 442 10 302 337 422 1,862 547 10 826 66 382 3,189 5,051984 506 12 216 325 548 2,049 630 8 748 114 402 3,388 5,431985 311 46 293 168 605 1,830 770 23 816 32 310 3,237 5,061986 912 81 440 685 793 2,837 807 87 699 60 350 3,387 6,221987 1,077 83 535 751 804 3,060 848 148 655 80 352 3,617 6,671988 1,541 345 618 1,073 794 3,520 999 134 747 67 315 3,882 7,401989 1,861 449 815 1,224 873 4,140 931 172 767 138 215 3,921 8,061990 1,966 518 800 1,339 1,025 4,296 934 182 755 102 189 3,721 8,01991 1,845 0 703 1,802 1,035 4,092 1,033 163 807 82 138 3,535 7,621992 1,778 0 681 1,720 1,170 4,092 1,069 126 830 127 230 3,796 7,881993 1,782 0 740 1,414 1,300 4,273 1,181 171 919 142 350 4,347 8,621994 1,728 0 637 1,402 1,334 4,247 1,272 161 984 202 458 4,749 8,991995 1,573 0 627 1,344 1,480 4,002 1,332 219 1,068 273 383 4,833 8,831996 1,604 1 617 1,363 1,676 4,211 1,424 234 1,244 313 308 5,267 9,471997 1,755 89 698 1,407 1,773 4,569 1,563 271 1,385 309 226 5,593 10,161998 2,136 336 696 1,491 1,719 4,905 1,598 354 1,351 236 250 5,803 10,701999 2,464 725 657 1,478 1,493 4,953 1,539 468 1,324 304 365 5,899 10,852000 R2,487 R620 R896 R1,572 R1,546 R5,203 R1,807 R342 R1,373 R343 R366 R6,257 R11,452001P 2,731 778 854 1,657 1,538 5,447 1,786 280 1,423 327 306 6,172 11,6

1 Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. See Glossary for current membership. 2 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates. 3 Ecuador withdrew from OPEC on December 31, 1992. Beginning in 1993, imports from Ecuador

appear under "Non-OPEC." Gabon withdrew from OPEC on December 31, 1994. Beginning in 1995,imports from Gabon appear under "Non-OPEC."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day. Notes: The country of origin for refined petroleum products may not be the country of origin for the

crude oil from which the refined products were produced. For example, refined products imported from

refineries in the Caribbean may have been produced from Middle imports for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in 197

components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/Sources: 1960-1975—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearboo

Products" chapter. 1976-1980—Energy Information AdministratioDistricts Supply/Demand, Annual, annual reports. 1981-2000—Ereports. 2001—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2002).
134 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 5.5 Petroleum Exports by Type

1 Liquefied petroleum gases.2 Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, motor gasoline blending components, 

pentanes plus, wax, and miscellaneous products.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Source: Table 5.5.

By Product, 2001

Petroleum Distillate Residual Motor LPG1 Jet Fuel Lubricants Spec

0

50

100150200250300350 336

161 158

133

44 29 26 23 

Thousand Barrels per Day

Total, 1949-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

300600900

1,200

Thousand Barrels per Day

By Selected Product, 1949-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 

0

100200300400

Thousand Barrels per Day Total Crude Oil Products Petroleum Coke 

Residual Fuel Oil

Coke Fuel Oil Gasoline Napht

Fuel Oil
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 5.5 Petroleum Exports by Type, 1949-2001 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Crude

Oil 

Petroleum Products

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Jet

Fuel

Liquefied Petroleum Gases

Lubricants

Motor

Gasoline 2

Petroleum

Coke

Petrochemical

Feedstocks

Residual

Fuel Oil

Special

Naphthas

O

Prod

Propane 

1 Total

1949 91 34 4 ( ) NA 4 35 108 7 0 35 NA 

1950 95 35 4 ( ) NA 4 39 68 7 0 44 NA 

1951 78 62 4 ( ) NA 6 48 110 12 0 79 NA 1952 73 92 4 ( ) NA 7 44 99 11 0 76 NA 

1953 55 89 1 NA 8 36 104 10 0 71 NA 

1954 37 66 (s) NA 11 41 94 9 0 73 NA 1955 32 67 (s) NA 12 39 95 12 0 93 NA 1956 78 94 1 NA 12 38 97 18 0 76 NA 1957 138 131 (s) NA 12 38 106 14 0 106 NA 1958 12 52 1 NA 8 36 75 12 0 71 NA 1959 7 35 1 NA 6 38 46 13 0 57 NA 1960 8 27 (s) NA 8 43 37 19 0 51 NA 1961 9 19 (s) NA 10 47 25 20 0 38 NA 1962 5 23 (s) NA 11 48 18 20 0 35 NA 1963 5 41 1 NA 13 50 19 29 0 42 NA 1964 4 15 (s) NA 15 50 2 37 0 52 5 1965 3 10 3 NA 21 45 2 32 5 41 4 1966 4 12 5 NA 22 47 1 40 7 35 6 1967 73 12 6 5 25 51 2 45 8 60 5 1968 5 4 6 7 29 49 1 53 8 55 7 1969 4 3 5 7 35 45 2 63 11 46 6 1970 14 2 6 6 27 44 2 84 10 54 4 1971 1 8 4 13 26 43 5 74 14 36 4 1972 1 3 3 18 31 41 1 85 13 33 4 1973 2 9 4 15 27 35 4 96 19 23 5 1974 3 2 3 14 25 33 2 113 15 14 4 1975 6 1 2 13 26 25 2 102 22 15 3 1976 8 1 2 13 25 26 3 103 30 12 7 1977 50 1 2 10 18 26 2 102 24 6 4 1978 158 3 1 9 20 27 1 111 23 13 2 1979 235 3 1 8 15 23 (s) 146 31 9 5 1980 287 3 1 10 21 23 1 136 29 33 5 1981 228 5 2 18 42 19 2 138 26 118 11 1982 236 74 6 31 65 16 20 156 24 209 5 1983 164 64 6 43 73 16 10 195 20 185 3 1984 181 51 9 30 48 15 6 193 21 190 2 1985 204 67 13 48 62 15 10 187 19 197 1 1986 154 100 18 28 42 23 33 238 22 147 1 1987 151 66 24 24 38 23 35 213 20 186 2 1988 155 69 28 31 49 26 22 231 23 200 7 1989 142 97 27 24 35 19 39 233 26 215 12 1990 109 109 43 28 40 20 55 220 26 211 11 1991 116 215 43 28 41 18 82 235 0 226 15 1992 89 219 43 33 49 16 96 216 0 193 14 1993 98 274 59 26 43 19 105 258 0 123 4 1994 99 234 20 24 38 22 97 261 0 125 20 1995 95 183 26 38 58 25 104 277 0 136 21 1996 110 190 48 28 51 34 104 285 0 102 21 1997 108 152 35 32 50 31 137 306 0 120 22 1998 110 124 26 25 42 25 125 267 0 138 18 1999 118 162 32 33 R50 28 111 242 0 129 16 2000 50 173 32 53 R74 26 144 319 0 139 20 

2001P 23 161 29 31 44 26 133 336 0 158 23 

1 Includes propylene. 2 Includes aviation gasoline for the years 1949-1963. 3 Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, motor gasoline blending components, other

hydrocarbons/oxygenates (ethers and alcohols), pentanes plus, wax, and miscellaneous products. 4 Included in the products from which jet fuel was blended.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day. Notes: Includes exports to U.S. possessions and territories. Totals may not equal sum of

components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/Sources: 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Su

annual reports. 1976-1980—Energy Information Administration (Statement, Annual, annual reports. 1981-2000—EIA, Petrol

2001—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2002).
136 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 5.6 Petroleum Exports by Country of Destination

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared. Source: Table 5.6.

By Selected Country, 1960-2001

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 

0

100200300400

Thousand Barrels per Day

Total Exports and Exports to Canada and Mexico, 1960-2001

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

300600900

1,200

Thousand Barrels per Day Total Exports Exports to Canada and Mexico Canada Jap

Korea

and

Luxembourg Kingdom

By Selected Country, 2001

Mexico Canada Japan Spain Netherlands Italy Brazil Belgium South United 

0

100200300 277

115

62 51 46 33 24 16 14 13 

Thousand Barrels per Day
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 5.6 Petroleum Exports by Country of Destination, 1960-2001 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Belgium

and

Luxembourg Brazil Canada France Italy Japan Mexico

Netherlands South Korea Spain United Kingdom

U.S. 

Islan

Puer

1960 3 4 34 4 6 62 18 6 NA NA 12 1961 4 4 23 4 5 59 12 4 NA NA 10 1962 3 5 21 3 5 54 14 5 NA NA 8 1963 9 4 22 4 8 58 19 13 NA NA 11 1964 4 4 27 4 8 56 24 9 NA NA 10 1965 3 3 26 3 7 40 27 10 NA NA 12 1966 3 4 32 4 7 36 39 9 NA NA 12 1967 5 6 50 3 9 51 36 13 NA NA 62 1968 4 8 39 4 8 56 31 10 NA NA 14 1969 4 7 44 4 9 47 33 9 NA NA 13 1970 5 7 31 5 10 69 33 15 NA NA 12 1971 7 9 26 5 8 39 42 11 NA NA 9 1972 13 9 26 5 9 32 41 12 NA 4 10 1973 15 8 31 5 9 34 44 13 NA 4 9 1974 13 9 32 4 9 38 35 17 NA 4 6 1975 9 6 22 6 10 27 42 23 NA 4 7 1976 12 7 28 6 10 25 35 22 NA 4 13 1977 16 6 71 9 10 25 24 17 NA 5 9 1978 15 8 108 9 10 26 27 18 NA 5 7 1979 19 7 100 13 15 34 21 28 2 9 7 1980 20 4 108 11 14 32 28 23 2 8 7 1981 12 1 89 15 22 38 26 42 10 18 5 1982 17 8 85 24 32 68 53 85 28 24 14 1983 22 2 76 23 35 104 24 49 15 34 8 1984 21 1 83 18 39 92 35 37 17 29 14 1985 26 3 74 11 30 108 61 44 27 28 14 1986 30 3 85 11 39 110 56 58 12 39 8 1987 17 2 83 12 42 120 70 39 25 31 6 1988 25 3 84 12 29 124 70 26 24 36 9 1989 23 5 92 11 37 122 89 36 17 28 9 1990 20 2 91 17 48 92 89 54 60 33 11 1991 22 13 70 27 55 95 99 72 66 23 13 1992 22 20 64 9 38 100 124 52 80 21 12 1993 21 16 72 8 34 105 110 45 74 30 10 1994 26 15 78 11 35 74 124 30 66 30 10 1995 21 16 73 11 46 76 125 33 57 38 14 1996 27 29 94 18 32 102 143 43 60 34 9 1997 21 15 119 11 30 95 207 41 50 42 12 1998 14 18 148 8 30 64 235 33 33 30 11 1999 11 27 119 7 25 84 261 38 49 26 9 2000 14 28 110 10 34 90 358 42 20 40 10 2001P 16 24 115 13 33 62 277 46 14 51 13 

P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html.Sources: 1960-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Statement, Annual,

annual reports. 1976-1980—Energy Information Administration (

Statement, Annual, annual reports. 1981-2000—EIA, Petrol

2001—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2002).
138 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 5.7 Petroleum Net Imports by Country of Origin, 1960-2001

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared. Source: Table 5.7.

Total Net Imports as Share of Consumption

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

255075

100

Percent

Total, OPEC, and Non-OPEC

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

02468

1012

Million Barrels per Day Total OPEC

Non-OPEC

By Selected Country

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 

0

0.30.60.91.21.51.8

Million Barrels per Day Venezuela Saudi Arabia Canada

Net Imports from OPEC

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 

0

255075

100

Percent

Share of

 Total Net Imports

Share of

Consumption

1985: 27.3%

2001: 54.3% 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 5.7 Petroleum Net Imports by Country of Origin, 1960-2001

Year

Persian

Gulf

Nations 2

Selected OPEC 1 Countries Selected Non-OPEC Countries

Total

Net

Imports

Total Ne

Imports 

Share o

Consumpt

Algeria Nigeria

Saudi

Arabia Venezuela

Total

OPEC Canada Mexico

United

Kingdom

U.S. Virgin

Islands and

Puerto Rico

Total

Non-OPEC

Thousand Barrels per Day 

1960 NA NA 0 84 910 1,311 86 -2 -12 34 302 1,613 16.5 1961 NA NA 0 73 878 1,283 167 27 -10 42 460 1,743 17.5 1962 NA NA 0 74 905 1,210 229 35 -6 40 703 1,913 18.4 1963 NA NA 0 108 899 1,282 243 29 -7 43 632 1,915 17.8 1964 NA NA 0 131 932 1,359 272 23 -9 45 698 2,057 18.7 1965 NA NA 15 158 994 1,475 297 21 -11 45 806 2,281 19.8 1966 NA NA 11 147 1,018 1,470 352 6 -6 58 904 2,375 19.7 1967 NA NA 5 92 937 1,258 400 13 -51 89 972 2,230 17.8 1968 NA NA 9 74 886 1,302 468 15 13 143 1,307 2,609 19.5 1969 NA NA 49 65 875 1,336 564 10 7 186 1,598 2,933 20.8 1970 NA NA 50 30 989 1,343 736 9 -1 270 1,817 3,161 21.5 1971 NA NA 102 128 1,019 1,671 831 -14 1 365 2,030 3,701 24.3 1972 NA NA 251 189 959 2,061 1,082 -20 -1 428 2,458 4,519 27.6 1973 NA NA 459 485 1,134 2,991 1,294 -28 6 426 3,034 6,025 34.8 1974 NA NA 713 461 978 3,277 1,038 -27 1 475 2,615 5,892 35.4 1975 NA NA 762 714 702 3,599 824 29 7 484 2,248 5,846 35.8 1976 NA NA 1,025 1,229 699 5,063 571 53 19 488 2,027 7,090 40.6 1977 NA NA 1,143 1,379 689 6,190 446 155 117 560 2,375 8,565 46.5 1978 NA NA 919 1,142 644 5,747 359 291 173 436 2,255 8,002 42.5 1979 NA NA 1,080 1,354 688 5,633 438 418 196 353 2,352 7,985 43.1 1980 NA NA 857 1,259 478 4,293 347 506 169 256 2,071 6,365 37.3 1981 1,215 311 620 1,128 403 3,315 358 497 370 169 2,086 5,401 33.6 1982 692 170 512 551 409 2,136 397 632 442 154 2,163 4,298 28.1 1983 439 240 299 336 420 1,843 471 802 374 178 2,469 4,312 28.3 1984 502 323 215 324 544 2,037 547 714 388 184 2,679 4,715 30.0 1985 309 187 293 167 602 1,821 696 755 295 114 2,465 4,286 27.3 1986 909 271 440 685 788 2,828 721 642 342 152 2,611 5,439 33.4 1987 1,074 295 535 751 801 3,055 765 585 346 158 2,859 5,914 35.5 1988 1,529 300 618 1,064 790 3,513 916 677 306 117 3,074 6,587 38.1 1989 1,858 269 815 1,224 861 4,124 839 678 206 212 3,078 7,202 41.6 1990 1,962 280 800 1,339 1,016 4,285 843 666 179 213 2,876 7,161 42.2 1991 1,833 253 703 1,796 1,020 4,065 963 707 125 153 2,561 6,626 39.6 1992 1,773 196 680 1,720 1,161 4,071 1,005 706 219 180 2,867 6,938 40.7 1993 1,774 219 736 1,413 1,296 4,253 1,109 809 340 175 3,365 7,618 44.2 1994 1,723 243 637 1,402 1,322 4,233 1,194 860 448 246 3,822 8,054 45.5 1995 1,563 234 626 1,343 1,468 3,980 1,260 943 369 170 3,906 7,886 44.5 1996 1,596 256 616 1,362 1,667 4,193 1,330 1,101 299 262 4,305 8,498 46.4 1997 1,747 285 693 1,407 1,758 4,542 1,444 1,178 214 298 4,616 9,158 49.2 1998 2,132 290 693 1,491 1,700 4,880 1,451 1,116 239 305 4,884 9,764 51.6 1999 2,459 259 655 1,478 1,480 4,934 1,421 1,063 356 284 4,978 9,912 50.8 2000 R2,483 R225 R896 R1,571 R1,530 R5,181 R1,697 R1,015 R356 R297 R5,238 R10,419 R52.9 2001P 2,730 275 853 1,656 1,524 5,428 1,671 1,146 292 266 5,209 10,637 54.3 

1 Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. See Glossary for membership. 2 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates. 3 Calculated by dividing total net petroleum imports by total U.S. petroleum products supplied

(consumption). 4 Calculated by dividing net petroleum imports from OPEC countries by total net petroleum imports. 5 Calculated by dividing net petroleum imports from OPEC countries by total U.S. petroleum productsupplied (consumption).

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Notes: The country of origin for refined petroleum products may not be the country of origin for the

crude oil from which the refined products were produced. For example, refined products imported from

refineries in the Caribbean may have been produced from Middle Eaminus exports; negative numbers indicate that exports exceed impoStrategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977. Totals may 

independent rounding.

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/Sources: 1960-1975—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearboo

Products" chapter. 1976-1980—Energy Information AdministratioDistricts Supply/Demand, Annual, annual reports. 1981-2000—E

reports. 2001—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2002).
140 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Source: Table 5.8.

Figure 5.8 Refinery Input and Output, 1949-2001 

1 Includes natural gas plant liquids and other liquids.

Input

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

048

1216

Million Barrels per Day

Crude Oil

Other Liquids1

Output of Selected Products

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 

048

1216

Million Barrels per Day Mo

Dis
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 5.8 Refinery Input and Output, 1949-2001 (Million Barrels per Day)

Year

Input Output

Crude

Oil 

Natural Gas

Plant

Liquids

Other

Liquids 1

Total

Input

Asphalt

and

Road Oil

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Jet

Fuel

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases

Motor

Gasoline 2

Petroleum

Coke

Residual

Fuel Oil

Still

Gas

Pr

1949 5.33 0.23 0.03 5.59 0.16 0.93 4 ( ) 0.06 2.57 0.05 1.16 0.23 

1950 5.74 0.26 0.02 6.02 0.18 1.09 4 ( ) 0.08 2.74 0.05 1.16 0.23 

1951 6.49 0.27 0.03 6.80 0.20 1.30 4 ( ) 0.09 3.04 0.05 1.29 0.26 1952 6.67 0.28 0.01 6.97 0.21 1.42 0.06 0.08 3.12 0.05 1.24 0.26 1953 7.00 0.30 (s) 7.31 0.22 1.45 0.10 0.09 3.38 0.06 1.23 0.28 1954 6.96 0.32 0.02 7.30 0.23 1.49 0.13 0.09 3.38 0.07 1.14 0.28 1955 7.48 0.34 0.03 7.86 0.25 1.65 0.16 0.12 3.65 0.08 1.15 0.32 1956 7.94 0.37 0.01 8.32 0.27 1.82 0.18 0.14 3.82 0.08 1.17 0.33 1957 7.92 0.41 (s) 8.33 0.25 1.83 0.17 0.15 3.88 0.09 1.14 0.34 1958 7.64 0.37 0.09 8.11 0.26 1.73 0.20 0.16 3.87 0.10 1.00 0.35 1959 7.99 0.42 0.07 8.48 0.29 1.86 0.25 0.19 4.04 0.11 0.95 0.35 1960 8.07 0.45 0.06 8.58 0.29 1.82 0.24 0.21 4.13 0.16 0.91 0.35 1961 8.18 0.46 0.06 8.71 0.29 1.91 0.26 0.22 4.15 0.21 0.86 0.35 1962 8.41 0.50 0.08 8.99 0.32 1.97 0.28 0.21 4.30 0.22 0.81 0.36 1963 8.69 0.52 0.09 9.30 0.33 2.09 0.27 0.26 4.39 0.22 0.76 0.38 1964 8.81 0.58 0.07 9.46 0.33 2.03 0.29 0.29 4.37 0.23 0.73 0.38 1965 9.04 0.62 0.09 9.75 0.36 2.10 50.52 0.29 4.51 0.24 0.74 0.39 1966 9.44 0.65 0.09 10.18 0.37 2.15 0.59 0.29 4.77 0.24 0.72 0.40 1967 9.82 0.67 0.09 10.58 0.37 2.20 0.75 0.31 4.94 0.25 0.76 0.41 1968 10.31 0.71 0.08 11.10 0.39 2.29 0.86 0.32 5.20 0.26 0.75 0.44 1969 10.63 0.72 0.11 11.46 0.40 2.32 0.88 0.34 5.47 0.28 0.73 0.47 1970 10.87 0.76 0.12 11.75 0.43 2.45 0.83 0.35 5.70 0.30 0.71 0.48 1971 11.20 0.78 0.14 12.12 0.45 2.50 0.83 0.36 5.97 0.30 0.75 0.47 1972 11.70 0.83 0.17 12.69 0.45 2.63 0.85 0.36 6.28 0.33 0.80 0.51 1973 12.43 0.82 0.15 13.40 0.48 2.82 0.86 0.37 6.53 0.36 0.97 0.52 1974 12.13 0.75 0.14 13.02 0.47 2.67 0.84 0.34 6.36 0.34 1.07 0.52 1975 12.44 0.71 0.07 13.23 0.41 2.65 0.87 0.31 6.52 0.35 1.24 0.52 1976 13.42 0.73 0.06 14.20 0.39 2.92 0.92 0.34 6.84 0.36 1.38 0.54 1977 14.60 0.67 0.07 15.35 0.43 3.28 0.97 0.35 7.03 0.37 1.75 0.57 1978 14.74 0.64 0.09 15.47 0.48 3.17 0.97 0.35 7.17 0.37 1.67 0.60 1979 14.65 0.51 0.08 15.24 0.47 3.15 1.01 0.34 6.84 0.38 1.69 0.60 1980 13.48 0.46 0.08 14.02 0.39 2.66 1.00 0.33 6.49 0.37 1.58 0.58 1981 12.47 0.52 0.49 13.48 0.34 2.61 0.97 0.31 6.40 0.39 1.32 0.57 1982 11.77 0.52 0.57 12.86 0.33 2.61 0.98 0.27 6.34 0.41 1.07 0.55 1983 11.69 0.46 0.50 12.65 0.37 2.46 1.02 0.33 6.34 0.42 0.85 0.55 1984 12.04 0.50 0.58 13.13 0.39 2.68 1.13 0.36 6.45 0.44 0.89 0.56 1985 12.00 0.51 0.68 13.19 0.40 2.69 1.19 0.39 6.42 0.45 0.88 0.58 1986 12.72 0.48 0.71 13.91 0.41 2.80 1.29 0.42 6.75 0.51 0.89 0.64 1987 12.85 0.47 0.67 13.99 0.43 2.73 1.34 0.45 6.84 0.51 0.89 0.64 1988 13.25 0.51 0.61 14.37 0.44 2.86 1.37 0.50 6.96 0.54 0.93 0.67 1989 13.40 0.50 0.61 14.51 0.42 2.90 1.40 0.55 6.96 0.54 0.95 0.68 1990 13.41 0.47 0.71 14.59 0.45 2.92 1.49 0.50 6.96 0.55 0.95 0.67 1991 13.30 0.47 0.77 14.54 0.43 2.96 1.44 0.54 6.98 0.57 0.93 0.65 1992 13.41 0.47 0.75 14.63 0.42 2.97 1.40 0.61 7.06 0.60 0.89 0.66 1993 13.61 0.49 0.92 15.02 0.45 3.13 1.42 0.59 7.30 0.62 0.84 0.65 1994 13.87 0.47 0.69 15.02 0.45 3.20 1.45 0.61 7.18 0.62 0.83 0.66 1995 13.97 0.47 0.78 15.22 0.47 3.16 1.42 0.65 7.46 0.63 0.79 0.65 1996 14.19 0.45 0.84 15.49 0.46 3.32 1.52 0.66 7.56 0.66 0.73 0.65 1997 14.66 0.42 0.83 15.91 0.48 3.39 1.55 0.69 7.74 0.69 0.71 0.66 1998 14.89 0.40 0.85 16.14 0.50 3.42 1.53 0.67 7.89 0.71 0.76 0.66 1999 14.80 0.37 0.93 16.10 0.50 3.40 1.57 0.68 7.93 0.71 0.70 0.66 2000 R15.07 R0.38 0.85 16.30 0.53 3.58 1.61 0.70 7.95 0.73 R0.70 0.66 

2001P 15.13 0.38 0.81 16.31 0.49 3.69 1.53 0.66 7.98 0.77 0.72 0.67 

1 Prior to 1981, included unfinished oils (net), hydrogen, and hydrocarbons not included elsewhere;

1981 forward, included unfinished oils (net), motor gasoline blending components (net), aviation gasolineblending components (net), hydrogen, other hydrocarbons, and alcohol. See Note 1 at end of section. 2 Prior to 1964, motor gasoline data were for total gasoline, including motor gasoline, aviation gasoline,and special naphthas. 3 Kerosene, petrochemical feedstocks (excluding still gas), lubricants, wax, and miscellaneous products. Since 1964, aviation gasoline and special naphthas have been included. 4 Included in the products from which jet fuel was blended: in 1952, 71 percent gasoline, 17 percentkerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel.

5 Prior to 1965, kerosene-type jet fuel was included in kerosene.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.005 million barrels peNote: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independeWeb Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/Sources: 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Su

annual reports. 1976-1980—Energy Information Administration (Statement, Annual, annual reports. 1981-2000—EIA, Petrol

2001—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly, monthly reports.
142 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 5.9 Refinery Capacity and Utilization, 1949-2001

Source: Table 5.9.

Utilization

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 

0

20406080

100

Million Barrels per Day

Number of Operable Refineries

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

100200300400

Million Barrels per Day

Unused Capacity

1949 1954 1959 1964 1969 1974 1979 1984 1989 

05

101520

Million Barrels per Day (Cumulative) Gross Input to Distillation Units

68.6 in

324 in 1981

Capacity

Unused

Capacity

155 in 2001
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 5.9 Refinery Capacity and Utilization, 1949-2001

Year

Operable Refineries

Gross Input to

Distillation Units 3

(million barrels per day)

Number 

1

Capacity 2

(million barrels per day)

1949 336 6.23 5.56 1950 320 6.22 5.98 1951 325 6.70 6.76 1952 327 7.16 6.93 1953 315 7.62 7.26 1954 308 7.98 7.27 1955 296 8.39 7.82 1956 317 8.58 8.25 1957 317 9.07 8.22 1958 315 9.36 8.02 1959 313 9.76 8.36 1960 309 9.84 8.44 1961 309 10.00 8.57 1962 309 10.01 8.83 1963 304 10.01 9.14 1964 298 10.31 9.28 1965 293 10.42 9.56 1966 280 10.39 9.99 1967 276 10.66 10.39 1968 282 11.35 10.89 1969 279 11.70 11.25 1970 276 12.02 11.52 1971 272 12.86 11.88 1972 274 13.29 12.43 1973 268 13.64 13.15 1974 273 14.36 12.69 1975 279 14.96 12.90 1976 276 15.24 13.88 1977 282 16.40 14.98 1978 296 17.05 15.07 1979 308 17.44 14.96 1980 319 17.99 13.80 1981 324 18.62 12.75 1982 301 17.89 12.17 1983 258 16.86 11.95 1984 247 16.14 12.22 1985 223 15.66 12.17 1986 216 15.46 12.83 1987 219 15.57 13.00 1988 213 15.92 13.45 1989 204 15.65 13.55 1990 205 15.57 13.61 1991 202 15.68 13.51 1992 199 15.70 13.60 1993 187 15.12 13.85 1994 179 15.03 14.03 1995 175 15.43 14.12 1996 170 15.33 14.34 1997 164 15.45 14.84 1998 163 15.71 15.11 1999 159 16.26 15.08 2000 158 16.51 R15.30 

2001P 155 16.60 15.37 

1 Prior to 1956, the number of refineries included only those in operation on January 1. For 1957

forward, the number of refineries has included all operable refineries on January 1. See Glossary. 2 Capacity in million barrels per calendar day on January 1. 3 See Note 4 at end of section. 4 For 1949-1980, utilization is derived by dividing gross input to distillation units by one-half of thecurrent year January 1 capacity and the following year January 1 capacity. Percentages were derived fromunrounded numbers. For 1981 forward, utilization is derived by averaging reported monthly utilization.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html.Sources: Operable Refineries: 1949-1961—Bureau of Mines Information Circular, "Petroleum

Refineries, Including Cracking Plants in the United States." 1962-1977—Bureau of Mines, Mineral

Industry Surveys, Petroleum Refineries, Annual, annual reports. 

Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports, Petroleum Refineries in t

Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports. 2001—EIA, Petroleum S

Input to Distillation Units: 1949-1966—Bureau of Mines, Mineand "Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products" chapters. 1

Industry Surveys, Petroleum Refineries, Annual, annual reports. 1

Petroleum Refineries in the United States and U.S. Territories. 

Annual, annual reports. 2001—EIA, Petroleum Supply Month

Utilization: 1949-1980—Calculated. 1981-2000—EIA, Petro

2001—EIA, Calculated.
144 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 5.10 Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production

1 Natural gas plant liquids. 2 Liquefied petroleum gases.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Source: Table 5.10.

By Product, 2001

Ethane Propane Pentanes 

0

200400600800

691

535

305

Thousand Barrels per Day

By Selected Product, 1949-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

200400600800

Thousand Barrels per Day

NGPL1

LPG2

Propane

Isobutane

Normal Butane

Plus 

Total, 1949-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

500

1,0001,5002,000

Thousand Barrels per Day
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 5.10 Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production, 1949-2001 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Finished

Petroleum

Products 1

Liquefied Petroleum Gases

Pentan

Plus Ethane 

2 Isobutane

Normal

Butane 3 Propane 2,3 Total

1949 53 8 11 61 74 155 223 1950 66 12 13 69 101 195 238 1951 73 15 15 77 125 232 256 1952 70 19 18 86 150 273 269 1953 71 17 19 97 169 301 282 1954 61 22 24 106 188 339 290 1955 68 34 30 120 205 390 313 1956 68 37 27 123 235 422 310 1957 63 33 30 132 239 434 311958 58 23 36 141 242 442 307 1959 54 46 43 159 265 514 312 1960 47 51 45 161 291 549 333 1961 43 61 53 164 315 593 355 1962 41 73 55 165 321 614 367 1963 47 78 61 175 358 672 380 1964 48 84 62 178 375 699 408 1965 41 92 67 185 390 734 434 1966 37 82 73 214 424 792 456 1967 29 101 80 232 482 895 486 1968 35 125 81 236 517 960 509 1969 27 173 74 248 543 1,037 526 1970 25 201 84 248 561 1,095 540 1971 25 221 88 249 586 1,144 523 1972 21 275 92 249 600 1,215 507 1973 16 296 92 249 587 1,225 497 1974 7 323 92 244 569 1,227 454 1975 7 337 90 237 552 1,217 409 1976 6 365 82 227 521 1,195 403 1977 5 397 81 223 513 1,214 399 1978 3 406 75 210 491 1,182 382 1979 26 400 104 212 500 1,216 342 1980 23 396 105 210 494 1,205 345 1981 18 397 117 224 519 1,256 334 1982 11 426 109 204 519 1,258 282 1983 12 456 100 217 541 1,314 233 1984 4 505 99 203 527 1,334 292 1985 14 493 127 171 521 1,313 282 1986 4 485 128 157 508 1,277 269 1987 4 499 141 157 503 1,300 291988 4 501 144 167 506 1,319 302 1989 5 ( ) 466 149 151 471 1,237 309 1990 5 ( ) 477 151 149 474 1,250 309 1991 5 ( ) 530 169 150 487 1,336 324 

1992 5 ( ) 541 189 137 499 1,365 332 

1993 5 ( ) 556 192 142 513 1,402 334 1994 5 ( ) 559 195 136 510 1,400 326 

1995 5 ( ) 573 185 151 519 1,428 335 

1996 5 ( ) 627 192 150 525 1,494 336 1997 5 ( ) 637 191 144 528 1,499 318 

1998 5 ( ) 607 181 148 513 1,450 309 

1999 5 ( ) 675 187 155 529 1,547 303 2000 5 ( ) R717 R188 160 R539 R1,605 306 

2001P 5 ( ) 691 198 136 535 1,559 305 

1 Motor gasoline, aviation gasoline, special naphthas, distillate fuel oil, and miscellaneous products. 2 Reported production of ethane-propane mixtures has been allocated 70 percent ethane and 30

percent propane. 3 Reported production of butane-propane mixtures has been allocated 60 percent butane and 40percent propane. 4 Prior to 1984, this category was reported separately as natural gasoline, isopentane, and plantcondensate. 5 Beginning in 1989, data on finished petroleum products production from natural gas processing plantswere no longer available.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independeWeb Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/Sources: 1949-1968—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearboo

Products" chapter. 1969-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Ind

Annual, annual reports. 1976-1980—Energy Information AdminPetroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports. 1981-2000—E

reports. 2001—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2002).
146 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 5.11 Petroleum Products Supplied by Type

1 Liquefied petroleum gases. Source: Table 5.11.

Motor Gasoline's Share of Total Petroleum Products 

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 19

0

1020304050

Percent

By Product, 2001

Motor Distillate LPG Jet Residual Asphalt Other

02468

10

8.6

3.8

2.0 1.7

0.9 0.5

Million Barrels per Day 2.0

By Selected Product, 1949-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

02468

10

Million Barrels per Day Motor Gasoline Distillate Fue

Residual Fuel Oil

Motor

Gasoline

Residual

Fuel Oil

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Jet

Fuel

Other

Products

 LPG1 Asphalt

and

Road Oil
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 5.11 Petroleum Products Supplied by Type, 1949-2001 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Asphalt and

Road Oil

Aviation

Gasoline

Distillate

Fuel Oil Jet Fuel Kerosene

Liquefied Petroleum Gases

Lubricants

Motor

Gasoline

Petroleum

Coke

Residual

Fuel Oil Other 

Propane 1 Total 

1949 157 93 902 4 ( ) 281 NA 187 91 R2,410 40 1,359 243 

1950 180 108 1,082 4 ( ) 323 NA 234 106 R2,616 41 1,517 250 

1951 198 145 1,225 4 ( ) 338 NA 277 116 R2,840 40 1,546 291 1952 213 169 1,303 55 331 NA 296 104 R2,954 38 1,517 289 

1953 216 194 1,337 94 314 NA 325 111 R3,110 48 1,536 315 

1954 230 178 1,442 126 324 NA 352 106 R3,194 54 1,431 320 1955 254 192 1,592 154 320 NA 404 116 R3,463 67 1,526 366 

1956 272 204 1,683 197 321 NA 441 120 R3,548 68 1,538 384 

1957 263 201 1,688 R216 279 NA 453 113 R3,615 74 1,504 403 1958 280 223 1,790 R275 294 NA 487 108 R3,711 85 1,455 410 

1959 298 209 1,808 R325 262 NA 582 117 R3,860 97 1,544 424 

1960 302 161 1,872 R371 271 NA 621 117 R3,969 149 1,529 435 1961 311 158 1,902 R415 266 NA 641 114 R4,043 184 1,503 439 

1962 332 143 2,007 R489 269 NA 700 119 R4,199 194 1,495 454 

1963 340 137 2,047 R522 266 NA 757 119 R4,334 190 1,477 554 1964 346 127 2,050 R558 253 NA 806 125 4,403 192 1,515 646 

1965 368 120 2,126 602 267 NA 841 129 4,593 202 1,608 657 

1966 386 105 2,185 670 277 NA 887 134 4,808 202 1,716 714 1967 379 90 2,242 824 274 618 944 121 4,958 206 1,786 737 1968 405 84 2,389 955 281 692 1,054 132 5,261 209 1,826 798 1969 417 70 2,466 991 275 784 1,221 134 5,526 221 1,978 838 1970 447 55 2,540 967 263 776 1,224 136 5,785 212 2,204 866 1971 458 49 2,661 1,010 249 794 1,251 135 6,014 219 2,296 870 1972 468 46 2,913 1,045 235 893 1,420 144 6,376 241 2,529 949 1973 522 45 3,092 1,059 216 872 1,449 162 6,674 261 2,822 1,005 1974 481 44 2,948 993 176 830 1,406 155 6,537 239 2,639 1,034 1975 419 39 2,851 1,001 159 783 1,333 137 6,675 247 2,462 1,001 1976 411 37 3,133 987 169 830 1,404 152 6,978 243 2,801 1,145 1977 436 38 3,352 1,039 175 821 1,422 160 7,177 268 3,071 1,294 1978 479 39 3,432 1,057 175 778 1,413 172 7,412 256 3,023 1,391 1979 476 38 3,311 1,076 188 849 1,592 180 7,034 246 2,826 1,546 1980 396 35 2,866 1,068 158 754 1,469 159 6,579 237 2,508 1,581 1981 342 31 2,829 1,007 127 773 1,466 153 6,588 252 2,088 1,176 1982 342 25 2,671 1,013 129 798 1,499 140 6,539 248 1,716 973 1983 373 26 2,690 1,046 127 751 1,509 146 6,622 229 1,421 1,042 1984 408 24 2,845 1,175 115 833 1,572 156 6,693 247 1,369 1,120 1985 425 27 2,868 1,218 114 883 1,599 145 6,831 264 1,202 1,032 1986 448 32 2,914 1,307 98 831 1,512 142 7,034 268 1,418 1,105 1987 467 25 2,976 1,385 95 924 1,612 161 7,206 299 1,264 1,176 1988 468 27 3,122 1,449 96 923 1,656 155 7,336 312 1,378 1,286 1989 453 26 3,157 1,489 84 990 1,668 159 7,328 307 1,370 1,284 1990 483 24 3,021 1,522 43 917 1,556 164 7,235 339 1,229 1,373 1991 444 23 2,921 1,471 46 982 1,689 146 7,188 328 1,158 1,299 1992 454 22 2,979 1,454 41 1,032 1,755 149 7,268 382 1,094 1,434 1993 474 21 3,041 1,469 50 1,006 1,734 152 7,476 366 1,080 1,373 1994 484 21 3,162 1,527 49 1,082 1,880 159 7,601 361 1,021 1,454 1995 486 21 3,207 1,514 54 1,096 1,899 156 7,789 365 852 1,381 1996 484 20 3,365 1,578 62 1,136 2,012 151 7,891 379 848 1,518 1997 505 22 3,435 1,599 66 1,170 2,038 160 8,017 377 797 1,605 1998 521 19 3,461 1,622 78 1,120 1,952 168 8,253 447 887 1,508 1999 547 21 3,572 1,673 73 1,246 2,195 169 8,431 477 830 1,532 2000 R525 20 R3,722 R1,725 67 R1,235 R2,231 166 R8,472 406 R909 1,458 

2001P 519 19 3,820 1,654 73 1,129 2,035 153 8,586 432 932 1,370 

1 Includes propylene. 2 Still gas (refinery gas), petrochemical feedstocks, waxes, natural gasoline, pentanes plus, and

miscellaneous products. Beginning in 1964, includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1981, also includesnegative barrels per day of distillate and residual fuel oil reclassified as unfinished oils, and other products(from both primary and secondary supply) reclassified as gasoline blending components. Beginning in1983, also includes crude oil burned as fuel. 3 Percent change from previous year calculated from data in thousand barrels per year. 4 Included in the products from which jet fuel was blended: in 1952, 71 percent gasoline, 17 percentkerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. — = Not applicablNotes: For the definition of petroleum products supplied, see 

Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent round

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/Sources: 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Su

annual reports. 1976-1980—Energy Information Administration (

Statement, Annual, annual reports. 1981-2000—EIA, Petrol

2001—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2002).
148 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

1 Includes combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of electricity-only plants.2 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants whose primary business is to sell 

electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

Note: See related Figure 5.12b.Sources: Tables 5.12a–5.12d. 

End Use and Electric Power Shares, 1949 and 2001

Residential Commercial1 Industrial1 Trans

0

255075

10 6

28

54

4 

2

24

Percent

By Sector, 1949-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

05

1015

Million Barrels per Day

By Sector, 2001

Residential Commercial1 Industrial1 Transportation Electric

05

1015

0.8 0.4

4.7

13.2

0.6

Million Barrels per Day

Figure 5.12a Petroleum Consumption by Sector

Transportation

Power2 

1949 2001

Industrial1

Residential and Commercial1
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Figure 5.12b Petroleum Consumption by Product by Sector, 1949-2001

1 Includes combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of electricity-only plants.2 Liquefied petroleum gases.3 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants whose primary business is to sell 

electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

Residential and Commercial1 Sectors, Selected Products

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0.00.51.01.5

Million Barrels per Day

Industrial1 Sector, Selected Products

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 

0.00.51.01.52.0

Million Barrels per Day

Distillate Fuel Oil

Residual Fuel Oil

Kerosene

LPG2

Distillate Fuel Oil

Asphalt and 

Road Oil

LPG2

Transportation Sector, Selected Products

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0369

Million Barrels per Day

Motor Gasoline

Distillate Fuel Oil

Jet Fuel

Notes: See related Figure 5.12a. Because vertical sca

compared.

Sources: Tables 5.12a–5.12d.

Electric Power Sector3

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 

0.00.51.01.52.0

Million Barrels per Day

Petroleum
150 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Table 5.12a Petroleum Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors, 1949-2001 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

End-Use Sectors

Residential Sector Commercial Sector

Distillate

Fuel Oil Kerosene

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases Total

Distillate Fuel Oil

Kerosene

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases

Motor

Gasoline

Residua

CHP 

1 Other 2 Total CHP 1 Ot

1949 329 140 90 559 3 ( ) 104 104 19 16 48 3 ( ) 

1950 390 168 112 670 3 ( ) 123 123 23 20 52 3 ( ) 

1951 436 183 120 739 3 ( ) 138 138 25 21 57 3 ( ) 1952 452 181 125 758 3 ( ) 143 143 25 22 59 3 ( ) 

1953 456 174 137 768 3 ( ) 144 144 24 24 62 3 ( ) 

1954 508 180 146 834 3 ( ) 161 161 25 26 64 3 ( ) 1955 562 179 155 896 3 ( ) 177 177 24 27 69 3 ( ) 

1956 591 182 166 938 3 ( ) 187 187 25 29 71 3 ( ) 

1957 588 159 170 917 3 ( ) 186 186 22 30 72 3 ( ) 1958 631 186 183 1,000 3 ( ) 199 199 25 32 74 3 ( ) 

1959 629 161 218 1,008 3 ( ) 199 199 22 39 77 3 ( ) 

1960 736 171 234 1,140 3 ( ) 232 232 23 41 35 3 ( ) 1961 757 180 239 1,176 3 ( ) 237 237 23 42 36 3 ( ) 

1962 794 179 261 1,234 3 ( ) 247 247 22 46 38 3 ( ) 

1963 792 177 280 1,249 3 ( ) 246 246 22 49 38 3 ( ) 1964 766 155 286 1,207 3 ( ) 239 239 23 51 38 3 ( ) 

1965 805 161 296 1,263 3 ( ) 251 251 26 52 40 3 ( ) 

1966 796 153 315 1,264 3 ( ) 249 249 29 56 41 3 ( ) 1967 836 143 345 1,324 3 ( ) 260 260 22 61 43 3 ( ) 

1968 866 154 371 1,392 3 ( ) 269 269 29 66 43 3 ( ) 

1969 865 150 425 1,439 3 ( ) 270 270 30 75 44 3 ( ) 1970 883 144 420 1,447 3 ( ) 276 276 30 74 45 3 ( ) 

1971 892 143 425 1,460 3 ( ) 280 280 27 75 44 3 ( ) 

1972 936 131 456 1,523 3 ( ) 296 296 27 81 45 3 ( ) 1973 942 110 435 1,487 3 ( ) 303 303 31 77 45 3 ( ) 

1974 867 89 401 1,357 3 ( ) 280 280 26 71 43 3 ( ) 

1975 850 78 389 1,316 3 ( ) 276 276 24 69 46 3 ( ) 1976 932 89 404 1,425 3 ( ) 308 308 21 71 50 3 ( ) 

1977 938 81 397 1,416 3 ( ) 318 318 25 70 52 3 ( ) 

1978 917 74 386 1,377 3 ( ) 313 313 26 68 56 3 ( ) 1979 765 64 264 1,093 3 ( ) 274 274 38 47 54 3 ( ) 

1980 617 51 242 911 3 ( ) 243 243 20 43 56 3 ( ) 

1981 540 41 234 815 3 ( ) 215 215 34 41 48 3 ( ) 1982 494 46 224 764 3 ( ) 207 207 15 40 46 3 ( ) 

1983 435 41 267 743 3 ( ) 306 306 54 47 53 3 ( ) 

1984 450 42 220 712 3 ( ) 319 319 45 39 56 3 ( ) 1985 469 77 249 795 3 ( ) 294 294 16 44 50 3 ( ) 

1986 476 59 243 778 3 ( ) 280 280 24 43 55 3 ( ) 

1987 484 57 269 811 3 ( ) 279 279 24 48 58 3 ( ) 1988 499 69 267 834 3 ( ) 269 269 13 47 57 3 ( ) 

1989 490 57 299 R845 P3 249 252 13 53 53 P2 

1990 R392 31 276 R699 P3 226 R228 6 49 58 P2 1991 R391 35 295 721 P2 224 226 6 52 44 P2 

1992 R405 31 288 R725 P1 216 217 5 51 41 P2 

1993 R428 37 303 R768 P2 216 R218 7 53 15 P2 1994 R410 31 298 R740 P3 214 R217 9 53 13 P2 

1995 R413 36 306 R754 P2 213 R215 11 54 10 P1 

1996 R435 43 358 R835 P2 221 R222 10 63 14 P1 1997 R421 45 349 R815 P3 206 R209 12 62 22 P1 

1998 R367 52 329 R748 P2 196 198 15 58 23 P3 

1999 R380 54 404 R838 P2 193 R195 13 71 24 P2 2000 R398 50 R411 R858 P2 213 R216 12 R73 R24 P2 

2001E 408 53 375 836 2 220 221 13 66 25 2 

1 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of commercial electricity-only

plants. See Appendix G for commercial sector NAICS codes. 2 All commercial sector fuel use other than that in "CHP." 3 Included in "Other."

P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. Notes: See Notes 1, 2, and 3 at end of section for comments on the calculation of consumption.

Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/sedr/contents.html.

Sources: Distillate Fuel Oil, CHP and Residual Fuel Oil, CHP: 

and Residual Fuel Oil, Total: 1989-2001— Energy Information Markets and End Use, unpublished data based on EIA, Form EIAReport." All Other Data: 1949-1959—Bureau of Mines, Mineral InAnnual, annual reports, and EIA estimates. 1960-1999—EIA, 

2001). 2000 forward—EIA, Integrated Modeling Data System o

(March 2001).
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 5.12b Petroleum Consumption: Industrial Sector, 1949-2001 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

End-Use Sectors

Industrial Sector

Asphalt

and

Road Oil

Distillate Fuel Oil

Kerosene

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases Lubricants

Motor

Gasoline

Petroleum Coke Residual Fuel Oil

CHP 

1 Other 2 Total CHP 1 Other 2 Total CHP 1 Other 2 

1949 157 4 ( ) 265 265 123 80 36 121 4 ( ) 40 40 4 ( ) 534 

1950 180 4 ( ) 328 328 132 100 43 131 4 ( ) 41 41 4 ( ) 617 

1951 198 4 ( ) 369 369 130 132 46 142 4 ( ) 40 40 4 ( ) 631 1952 213 4 ( ) 386 386 126 143 42 148 4 ( ) 38 38 4 ( ) 634 

1953 216 4 ( ) 384 384 115 156 44 155 4 ( ) 48 48 4 ( ) 647 

1954 230 4 ( ) 418 418 119 173 42 160 4 ( ) 54 54 4 ( ) 641 1955 254 4 ( ) 466 466 116 212 47 173 4 ( ) 67 67 4 ( ) 686 

1956 272 4 ( ) 493 493 114 235 48 177 4 ( ) 68 68 4 ( ) 699 

1957 263 4 ( ) 493 493 99 241 45 181 4 ( ) 74 74 4 ( ) 657 1958 280 4 ( ) 551 551 82 260 43 186 4 ( ) 85 85 4 ( ) 644 

1959 298 4 ( ) 552 552 79 313 47 193 4 ( ) 97 97 4 ( ) 703 

1960 302 4 ( ) 476 476 78 333 48 198 4 ( ) 149 149 4 ( ) 689 1961 311 4 ( ) 479 479 64 344 47 190 4 ( ) 184 184 4 ( ) 662 

1962 332 4 ( ) 501 501 68 376 54 193 4 ( ) 194 194 4 ( ) 669 

1963 340 4 ( ) 496 496 66 409 54 185 4 ( ) 190 190 4 ( ) 667 1964 346 4 ( ) 502 502 75 449 56 177 4 ( ) 192 192 4 ( ) 677 

1965 368 4 ( ) 541 541 80 470 62 179 4 ( ) 202 202 4 ( ) 689 

1966 386 4 ( ) 575 575 95 491 64 168 4 ( ) 202 202 4 ( ) 709 1967 379 4 ( ) 580 580 110 510 60 158 4 ( ) 206 206 4 ( ) 693 

1968 405 4 ( ) 574 574 99 586 65 159 4 ( ) 209 209 4 ( ) 682 

1969 417 4 ( ) 586 586 95 689 69 154 4 ( ) 221 221 4 ( ) 695 1970 447 4 ( ) 577 577 89 699 70 150 4 ( ) 203 203 4 ( ) 708 

1971 458 4 ( ) 596 596 80 715 69 143 4 ( ) 211 211 4 ( ) 705 

1972 468 4 ( ) 648 648 77 846 73 132 4 ( ) 233 233 4 ( ) 765 1973 522 4 ( ) 691 691 75 902 88 133 4 ( ) 254 254 4 ( ) 809 

1974 481 4 ( ) 633 633 61 901 85 123 4 ( ) 230 230 4 ( ) 753 

1975 419 4 ( ) 630 630 58 844 68 116 4 ( ) 246 246 4 ( ) 658 1976 411 4 ( ) 717 717 59 895 75 110 4 ( ) 242 242 4 ( ) 792 

1977 436 4 ( ) 809 809 69 918 82 102 4 ( ) 266 266 4 ( ) 844 

1978 479 4 ( ) 823 823 75 921 88 93 4 ( ) 250 250 4 ( ) 748 1979 476 4 ( ) 830 830 86 1,266 92 84 4 ( ) 243 243 4 ( ) 721 

1980 396 4 ( ) 621 621 87 1,172 82 82 4 ( ) 234 234 4 ( ) 586 

1981 342 4 ( ) 653 653 52 1,166 79 83 4 ( ) 250 250 4 ( ) 471 1982 342 4 ( ) 617 617 68 1,211 72 72 4 ( ) 246 246 4 ( ) 456 

1983 373 4 ( ) 537 537 32 1,166 75 59 4 ( ) 225 225 4 ( ) 345 

1984 408 4 ( ) 559 559 28 1,283 80 83 4 ( ) 244 244 4 ( ) 386 1985 425 4 ( ) 558 558 21 1,285 75 114 4 ( ) 261 261 4 ( ) 326 

1986 448 4 ( ) 565 565 16 1,207 73 108 4 ( ) 264 264 4 ( ) 321 

1987 467 4 ( ) 577 577 14 1,279 83 107 4 ( ) 294 294 4 ( ) 253 1988 468 4 ( ) 573 573 14 1,326 80 100 4 ( ) 306 306 4 ( ) 237 

1989 453 P5 535 540 14 1,300 82 104 P5 295 300 P58 119 

1990 483 P6 547 R554 6 1,215 84 97 P21 304 325 P55 124 1991 444 P12 523 535 6 1,326 75 101 P22 293 315 P55 91 

1992 454 P10 526 R536 5 1,402 77 101 P26 336 362 P59 109 

1993 474 P10 506 R516 6 1,363 78 94 P22 308 330 P65 129 1994 484 P10 509 R518 8 1,505 82 101 P25 304 329 P69 113 

1995 486 P6 496 R502 7 1,527 80 105 P26 302 328 P60 87 

1996 484 P8 519 R527 9 1,580 78 105 P27 317 343 P66 80 1997 505 P8 522 R530 9 R1,617 82 111 P37 294 331 P56 71 

1998 521 P16 507 R523 11 1,553 86 105 P29 362 390 P60 40 

1999 547 P16 490 R506 6 1,709 87 80 P31 395 426 P52 38 2000 R525 P10 523 R533 6 R1,737 86 R80 P19 342 361 P48 57 

2001E 519 11 536 546 6 1,585 79 81 20 362 382 54 45 

1 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of industrial electricity-only plants. 

See Appendix G for industrial sector NAICS codes. 2 All industrial sector fuel use other than that in "CHP." 3 Still gas (refinery gas), petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, waxes, natural gasoline, pentanesplus, crude oil, and miscellaneous products. 4 Included in "Other."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. Notes: See Notes 1, 2, and 3 at end of section for comments on the calculation of consumption.

Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/sedr/contents.html.Sources: Distillate Fuel Oil, CHP and Residual Fuel Oil, CHP: 

and Residual Fuel Oil, Total: 1989-2001— Energy Information 

Markets and End Use, unpublished data based on EIA, Form EIReport." All Other Data: 1949-1959—Bureau of Mines, Mineral IAnnual, annual reports, and EIA estimates. 1960-1999—EIA, 

2001). 2000 forward—EIA, Integrated Modeling Data System o(March 2001).
152 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Table 5.12c Petroleum Consumption: Transportation Sector and End-Use Total, 1949-2001 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

End-Use Sectors

Transportation

Aviation

Gasoline

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Jet Fuel 

Liquefied

Petroleum Gases Lubricants

Motor

Gasoline 1

Residual

Kerosene Type Total Fuel Oil 

1949 93 190 0 2 ( ) 1 54 2,241 504 

1950 108 226 0 2 ( ) 2 64 2,433 524 

1951 145 271 0 2 ( ) 4 70 2,641 562 1952 169 310 0 55 5 63 2,747 521 1953 194 336 0 94 7 67 2,892 479 1954 178 342 0 126 8 63 2,970 426 1955 192 372 0 154 9 70 3,221 440 1956 204 398 0 197 11 72 3,299 440 1957 201 405 16 216 12 68 3,362 444 1958 223 394 17 275 12 65 3,451 414 1959 209 411 40 325 13 70 3,590 389 1960 161 418 91 371 13 68 3,736 367 1961 158 419 129 415 15 67 3,817 361 1962 143 454 181 489 16 66 3,968 344 1963 137 502 206 522 18 66 4,112 326 1964 127 532 234 558 20 69 4,187 338 1965 120 514 334 602 23 67 4,374 336 1966 105 547 391 670 26 70 4,599 340 1967 90 545 518 824 28 61 4,757 359 1968 84 653 609 955 31 67 5,059 350 1969 70 705 694 991 33 65 5,328 332 1970 55 738 718 967 32 66 5,589 332 1971 49 800 751 1,010 37 67 5,827 305 1972 46 910 779 1,021 38 71 6,199 280 1973 45 1,045 825 1,042 35 74 6,496 317 1974 44 1,036 757 979 33 71 6,372 304 1975 39 998 782 992 31 70 6,512 310 1976 37 1,073 777 976 33 77 6,817 358 1977 38 1,171 814 1,022 36 78 7,022 396 1978 39 1,260 845 1,044 38 83 7,264 431 1979 38 1,366 867 1,067 16 87 6,896 535 1980 35 1,311 845 1,062 13 77 6,441 608 1981 31 1,365 808 1,006 24 74 6,456 531 1982 25 1,312 803 1,011 24 68 6,421 444 1983 26 1,367 839 1,046 29 71 6,510 358 1984 24 1,475 953 1,175 30 76 6,554 351 1985 27 1,507 1,005 1,218 21 71 6,667 342 1986 32 1,554 1,105 1,307 19 69 6,871 379 1987 25 1,594 1,181 1,385 15 78 7,041 392 1988 27 1,730 1,236 1,449 17 75 7,179 399 1989 26 R1,804 1,284 1,489 16 77 7,171 R420 1990 24 1,801 1,340 1,522 16 80 7,080 R442 1991 23 R1,729 1,296 1,471 15 71 7,042 R447 

1992 22 R1,786 1,310 1,454 14 72 7,125 R465 

1993 21 R1,838 1,357 1,469 14 74 7,367 R393 1994 21 R1,960 1,480 1,527 24 77 7,487 R385 

1995 21 R2,025 1,497 1,514 13 76 7,674 R397 

1996 20 R2,130 1,575 1,578 11 73 7,772 R370 1997 22 R2,224 1,598 1,599 10 78 7,883 R310 

1998 19 2,309 1,623 1,622 13 81 8,126 R294 

1999 21 R2,426 1,675 1,673 10 82 8,327 R290 2000 R20 R2,494 1,725 R1,725 10 R81 R8,368 R386 

2001E 19 2,560 1,654 1,654 9 74 8,481 364 

1 Includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 2 Included in the products from which jet fuel was blended: in 1952, 71 percent gasoline, 17 percent

kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel.

R=Revised. E=Estimate. Notes: See Notes 1, 2, and 3 at end of section for comments on the calculation of consumption.

Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/sedr/contents.html.

Sources: Distillate Fuel Oil and Residual Fuel Oil: 1989-200

(EIA), Office of Energy Markets and End Use, unpublished data baseKerosene Sales Report." All Other Data: 1949-1959—Bureau Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports, and EIA estimates. 

Report 1999 (May 2001). 2000 forward—EIA, Integrated Modelin

Energy Review (March 2001).
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 5.12d Petroleum Consumption: Electric Power Sector and Total, 1949-2001 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Electric Power Sector 1,2

Electricity Only CHP Total

Distillate

Fuel Oil 3

Petroleum

Coke

Residual

Fuel Oil 4 Total

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Petroleum

Coke

Residual

Fuel Oil Total

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Petroleum

Coke

Residu

Fuel O

1949 13 NA 169 182 5 ( ) NA 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 13 NA 169 

1950 15 NA 192 207 5 ( ) NA 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 15 NA 192 

1951 13 NA 163 175 5 ( ) NA 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 13 NA 163 1952 13 NA 170 184 5 ( ) NA 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 13 NA 170 

1953 16 NA 209 225 5 ( ) NA 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 16 NA 209 

1954 13 NA 170 183 5 ( ) NA 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 13 NA 170 1955 15 NA 191 206 5 ( ) NA 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 15 NA 19

1956 14 NA 184 199 5 ( ) NA 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 14 NA 184 

1957 16 NA 203 218 5 ( ) NA 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 16 NA 203 1958 15 NA 197 213 5 ( ) NA 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 15 NA 197 

1959 17 NA 224 242 5 ( ) NA 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 17 NA 224 

1960 10 NA 231 241 5 ( ) NA 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 10 NA 231961 10 NA 233 244 5 ( ) NA 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 10 NA 233 

1962 11 NA 234 245 5 ( ) NA 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 11 NA 234 

1963 12 NA 244 256 5 ( ) NA 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 12 NA 244 1964 12 NA 265 276 5 ( ) NA 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 12 NA 265 

1965 14 NA 302 316 5 ( ) NA 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 14 NA 302 

1966 17 NA 369 386 5 ( ) NA 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 17 NA 369 1967 20 NA 422 442 5 ( ) NA 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 20 NA 422 

1968 27 NA 489 515 5 ( ) NA 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 27 NA 489 

1969 41 NA 647 688 5 ( ) NA 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 41 NA 647 1970 66 9 853 928 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 66 9 853 

1971 94 8 992 1,095 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 94 8 992 

1972 146 9 1,203 1,358 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 146 9 1,203 1973 129 7 1,406 1,542 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 129 7 1,406 

1974 146 9 1,324 1,478 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 146 9 1,324 

1975 107 1 1,280 1,388 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 107 1 1,280 1976 114 1 1,405 1,520 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 114 1 1,405 

1977 134 1 1,575 1,710 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 134 1 1,575 

1978 130 5 1,612 1,747 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 130 5 1,612 1979 84 4 1,350 1,437 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 84 4 1,350 

1980 79 2 1,069 1,151 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 79 2 1,069 

1981 58 2 904 964 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 58 2 904 1982 42 2 642 686 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 42 2 642 

1983 45 4 627 676 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 45 4 627 

1984 42 3 517 562 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 42 3 517 1985 40 3 435 478 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 40 3 435 

1986 39 4 592 636 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 39 4 592 

1987 42 5 504 551 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 42 5 504 1988 51 6 627 683 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 51 6 627 

1989 2,P70 2,P7 2,P663 2,P740 5,P2 5,P0 5,P6 5,P8 2,P72 2,P7 2,P669 

1990 P41 P13 P497 P551 5,P4 5,P0 5,P6 5,P10 P45 P13 P502 1991 P38 P13 P469 P520 5,P1 5,P0 5,P4 5,P5 P39 P13 P473 

1992 P33 P18 P371 P422 5,P2 5,P2 5,P8 5,P12 P34 P20 P379 

1993 P37 P21 P409 P467 5,P4 5,P15 5,P9 5,P27 P41 P36 P418 1994 P46 P16 P369 P431 5,P11 5,P15 5,P10 5,P36 P56 P32 P379 

1995 P44 P15 P237 P296 5,P7 5,P22 5,P9 5,P38 P51 P37 P247 

1996 P47 P14 P263 P325 5,P4 5,P22 5,P10 5,P36 P51 P36 P273 1997 P48 P23 P301 P373 5,P4 5,P23 5,P10 5,P37 P52 P46 P31

1998 P61 P30 P448 P539 5,P3 5,P26 5,P8 5,P37 P64 P56 P456 

1999 P63 P26 P409 P497 5,P3 5,P25 5,P9 5,P38 P66 P51 P418 2000 P77 P20 P370 P466 5,P6 5,P25 5,P8 5,P39 P82 P45 P378 

2001 P77 P26 P425 P528 5,E7 5,E24 5,E6 5,E38 P85 P50 P43

1 The electric power sector (electric utilities and independent power producers) comprises

electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants whose primary business is to sell electricity, orelectricity and heat, to the public—i.e., NAICS 22 plants. 2 Through 1988, data are for consumption at electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data also includeconsumption at independent power producers. 3 For 1949-1979, gas turbine and internal combustion plant use of petroleum. For 1980-2001, electricutility data are for light oil (fuel oil nos. 1 and 2, and small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel). 4 For 1949-1979, steam plant use of petroleum. For 1980-2001, electric utility data are for heavy oil

(fuel oil nos. 5 and 6, and small amounts of fuel oil no. 4). 5 Electric utility CHP plants are included in "Electricity Only."

P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. Notes: See Notes 1, 2, and 3 at end of section for comme

Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rou

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html.Sources: Electric Power Sector: Tables 8.3b-8.3e. Total Cons
154 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 5.13 Fuel Oil and Kerosene Adjusted Sales, 1984-2000

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared. Source: Table 5.13.

Distillate Fuel Oil

Residual Fuel Oil

Kerosene

Residual Fuel, Major End Uses

1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000

0

200400600800

Thousand Barrels per DayElectric Power Industrial

Commercial

Kerosene, Major End Uses

1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 

0

204060

Thousand Barrels per Day Residential C

Industrial

Distillate Fuel Oil, Major End Uses

1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 

0.00.51.01.52.02.5

Million Barrels per Day On-Highway Diesel Residential

Commercial

Railroad

Vessel

Bunkering

Total by Fuel

1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000

01234

Million Barrels per Day
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 5.13 Fuel Oil and Kerosene Adjusted Sales, 1984-2000 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year Residential Commercial Industrial

Oil

Company Farm

Electric

Power 1 Railroad

Vessel

Bunkering

On-Highway

Diesel Military

Off-Hig

Dies

Distillate Fuel Oil

1984 450 319 153 59 193 45 225 110 1,093 45 101985 471 294 169 57 216 34 209 124 1,127 50 101986 476 280 175 49 220 40 202 133 1,169 50 111987 484 279 190 58 211 42 205 145 1,185 58 111988 498 269 170 57 223 52 212 150 1,304 64 111989 R490 252 R168 55 209 RP68 213 154 1,378 61 101990 R391 228 R159 63 R214 RP52 209 143 1,393 51 11

1991 391 226 152 59 214 P39 197 141 1,336 54 11

1992 R405 R217 144 51 228 RP33 209 146 1,391 42 111993 R428 218 128 50 211 RP41 R189 133 1,485 31 12

1994 R410 R216 136 46 R208 RP59 R199 R131 1,594 34 R12

1995 R413 R215 R131 36 R210 RP47 R207 R128 1,668 24 121996 R435 R222 R136 41 R216 RP51 R212 R141 1,754 24 13

1997 R421 R209 R140 41 R214 RP53 R199 R136 1,867 22 R13

1998 367 R198 147 37 R197 RP66 R184 R138 1,967 18 141999 R380 R195 R141 38 R188 RP66 R181 R134 2,091 19 R13

2000 398 216 138 44 203 P74 197 133 2,155 15 14

Residual Fuel Oil

1984 — 92 258 76 — 509 2 ( ) 370 — 14 — 

1985 — 103 252 71 — 403 2 ( ) 346 — 13 — 

1986 — 126 254 51 — 590 2 ( ) 371 — E12 — 1987 — 118 208 42 — 498 2 ( ) 383 — 12 — 

1988 — 119 200 34 — 621 2 ( ) 392 — 9 — 

1989 — R106 R158 22 — RP651 2 ( ) R425 — 7 — 1990 — R97 R144 R20 — RP556 2 ( ) R404 — 5 — 

1991 — R95 R130 20 — RP450 2 ( ) R454 — 8 — 

1992 — R83 R150 19 — RP372 2 ( ) R463 — R6 — 1993 — R78 R181 R20 — RP392 2 ( ) R403 — 6 — 

1994 — R75 R165 17 — RP378 2 ( ) R381 — 4 — 

1995 — R65 R139 15 — RP216 2 ( ) R413 — 4 — 1996 — R60 R136 11 — RP266 2 ( ) R371 — 4 — 

1997 — R48 R116 10 — RP314 2 ( ) R306 — 3 — 

1998 — R36 R91 R6 — RP468 2 ( ) R284 — 2 — 1999 — R34 R89 R7 — RP391 2 ( ) R307 — R1 — 

2000 — 42 100 10 — P352 2 ( ) 403 — 2 — 

Kerosene

1984 42 45 14 — 3 — — — — — — 1985 56 24 17 — 3 — — — — — — 1986 42 20 11 — 3 — — — — — — 1987 44 17 10 — 2 — — — — — — 1988 50 20 12 — 3 — — — — — — 1989 40 23 11 — 2 — — — — — — 1990 29 6 5 — 1 — — — — — — 1991 32 6 5 — 2 — — — — — — 1992 31 5 3 — 1 — — — — — — 1993 37 7 4 — 2 — — — — — — 1994 31 9 6 — 2 — — — — — — 1995 36 11 6 — 1 — — — — — — 1996 43 10 7 — 2 — — — — — — 1997 45 12 7 — 1 — — — — — — 1998 52 15 8 — 2 — — — — — — 1999 54 13 4 — 2 — — — — — — 2000 46 14 6 — 2 — — — — — — 

1 The electric power sector (electric utilities and independent power producers) comprises

electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants whose primary business is to sell electricity, orelectricity and heat, to the public—i.e., NAICS 22 plants. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. 2 Included in "Other."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E = Annual estimate based on eleven months of data. — = Not applicable. 

(s)=Less than 0.5 thousand barrels per day. 

Notes: Sales data are adjusted to equal the Energy Information Administration (EIA) volume estimate

of products supplied in the U.S. marketplace (see Table 5.11). Distillate Fuel Oil is adjusted at the

Petroleum Administration for Defense (PAD) district level. Residual the PAD district level. From 1990 forward it is adjusted at the nationadjusted at the PAD district level. From 1992 forward it is adjusinformation is available in EIA’s report Fuel Oil and Kerosene Salcomponents due to independent rounding.

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/Sources: See sources at end of section. 
156 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 5.14 Petroleum Primary Stocks by Type

1 Includes lease condensate and crude oil stored in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve 

(SPR).

2 See Figure 5.15 for additional Strategic Petroleum Reserve information.

Notes: Stocks are at end of year. Because vertical scal

compared.

Sources: Tables 5.14 and 5.15.

By Type, 2001

Crude Oil1 Motor Gasoline Distillate Fuel Liquefied Unfinished Jet Fuel Residual Fu

0

250500750

1,000

862

209

144 121 88 42 41 

Million Barrels 

SPR,2 Non-SPR, and Total Stocks, 1949-2001

1949 1954 1959 1964 1969 1974 1979 

0

450900

1,3501,800

Million Barrels (Cumulative)

Total

Products

Crude Oil1

Petroleum Gases

Oils

Total, Products, and Crude Oil,1 1949-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

450900

1,3501,800

Million Barrels
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 5.14 Petroleum Primary Stocks by Type, 1949-2001 (Million Barrels)

Year

Crude Oil and Lease Condensate Petroleum Products

Strategic

Petroleum

Reserve

Other

Primary Total

Distillate Fuel Oil

Jet

Fuel

Liquefied Petroleum Gases

Motor

Gasoline 3

Residual

Fuel Oil

Unfinished

Oils

O

Prod

Low Sulfur 

1 Total Propane 2 Total

1949 0 253 253 NA 75 5 ( ) 6 ( ) 1 110 60 66 

1950 0 248 248 NA 72 5 ( ) 6 ( ) 2 116 41 70 

1951 0 256 256 NA 87 5 ( ) 6 ( ) 2 135 43 67 1952 0 272 272 NA 99 2 6 ( ) 3 135 49 62 

1953 0 274 274 NA 112 3 6 ( ) 4 158 49 69 

1954 0 258 258 NA 108 3 6 ( ) 7 155 52 74 1955 0 266 266 NA 111 3 6 ( ) 7 165 39 68 

1956 0 266 266 NA 134 5 6 ( ) 14 187 44 67 

1957 0 282 282 NA 149 5 6 ( ) 14 197 60 69 1958 0 263 263 NA 125 6 6 ( ) 16 187 60 70 

1959 0 257 257 NA 151 8 6 ( ) 19 188 54 67 

1960 0 240 240 NA 138 7 6 ( ) 23 195 45 62 1961 0 245 245 NA 152 8 6 ( ) 31 184 45 79 

1962 0 252 252 NA 144 10 6 ( ) 25 189 50 82 

1963 0 237 237 NA 157 9 6 ( ) 28 191 48 82 1964 0 230 230 NA 156 19 6 ( ) 30 186 40 87 

1965 0 220 220 NA 155 19 6 ( ) 30 175 56 89 

1966 0 238 238 NA 154 19 6 ( ) 35 186 61 89 1967 0 249 249 NA 160 22 6 ( ) 64 200 66 90 

1968 0 272 272 NA 173 24 6 ( ) 76 204 67 93 

1969 0 265 265 NA 172 28 6 ( ) 60 211 58 98 1970 0 276 276 NA 195 28 6 ( ) 67 209 54 99 

1971 0 260 260 NA 191 28 6 ( ) 95 219 60 101 

1972 0 246 246 NA 154 25 6 ( ) 86 213 55 95 1973 0 242 242 NA 196 29 65 99 209 53 99 1974 0 265 265 NA 200 29 69 113 218 60 106 1975 0 271 271 NA 209 30 82 125 235 74 106 1976 0 285 285 NA 186 32 74 116 231 72 110 1977 7 340 348 NA 250 35 81 136 258 90 113 1978 67 309 376 NA 216 34 87 132 238 90 109 1979 91 339 430 NA 229 39 64 111 237 96 118 1980 108 358 466 NA 205 42 65 120 261 92 124 1981 230 363 594 NA 192 41 76 135 253 78 111 1982 294 350 644 NA 179 37 54 94 235 66 105 1983 379 344 723 NA 140 39 48 101 222 49 108 1984 451 345 796 NA 161 42 58 101 243 53 94 1985 493 321 814 NA 144 40 39 74 223 50 107 1986 512 331 843 NA 155 50 63 103 233 47 94 1987 541 349 890 NA 134 50 48 97 226 47 93 1988 560 330 890 NA 124 44 50 97 228 45 100 1989 580 341 921 NA 106 41 32 80 213 44 106 1990 586 323 908 NA 132 52 49 98 220 49 99 1991 569 325 893 NA 144 49 48 92 219 50 98 1992 575 318 893 NA 141 43 39 89 216 43 95 1993 587 335 922 64 141 40 51 106 226 44 88 1994 592 337 929 73 145 47 46 99 215 42 91 1995 592 303 895 67 130 40 43 93 202 37 86 1996 566 284 850 68 127 40 43 86 195 46 88 1997 563 305 868 68 138 44 44 89 210 40 89 1998 571 324 895 77 156 45 65 115 216 45 91 1999 567 284 852 69 125 41 43 89 193 36 86 2000 541 R286 R826 72 118 45 41 R83 R196 36 87 

2001P 550 312 862 81 144 42 66 121 209 41 88 

1 Sulfur content of 0.05 percent or less by weight. 2 Includes propylene. 3 Prior to 1964, motor gasoline data were for total gasoline,which included motor gasoline, aviation

gasoline, and special naphthas. For 1981 forward, data include motor gasoline blending components. 4 Kerosene, petrochemical feedstocks, lubricants, wax, petroleum coke, asphalt, road oil, pentanes plus,and miscellaneous products. Since 1964, aviation gasoline and special naphthas have been included. For1981 forward, includes aviation gasoline blending components, hydrogen, other hydrocarbons, and alcohol. 5 Included in the products from which jet fuel was blended: in 1952, 71 percent gasoline, 17 percentkerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel.

6 Included in liquefied petroleum gases total.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Notes: Stocks are at end of year. Distillate stocks in the "N

included. Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepen

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glanceSources: 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Su

annual reports. 1976-1980—Energy Information Administration (

Statement, Annual, annual reports. 1981-2000—EIA, Petrol

2001—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2002).
158 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 5.15 Strategic Petroleum Reserve, 1977-2001

1 Imported by SPR and imported by others for SPR.2 Derived by dividing end-of-year SPR stocks by annual average daily net imports of all 

petroleum.

End-of-Year Stocks in SPR

1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001

0

100200300400500600700

Million Barrels

Crude Oil Imports for SPR1

1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 

0

255075

100

8

59

24

16

93

60

85

72

43

18

27

19 20

10

0 4 

Million Barrels

SPR Stocks as Days of Net Imports2

1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001

0

255075

100125

1

8 11

17

43

68

88

96

115

94 91

85 81 82 86 83 77 73 75

67

62 59 57

Days 52 52

SPR as Share of Domestic Stocks

1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 

0

255075

100

Percent

Crude Oil

Total Petroleu

550 in 2001

Notes: SPR=Strategic Petroleum Reserve. Because ve

should not be compared.

Source: Table 5.15.
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 5.15 Strategic Petroleum Reserve, 1977-2001 (Million Barrels, Except as Noted)

Year

Foreign Crude Oil Receipts Domestic Crude Oil Receipts Withdrawals End-of-Year Stocks

Imported

by SPR

Imported

by Others 1,2 Purchases Exchanges 2 Sales Exchanges Quantity 3

Share of

Crude Oil 4

Stocks

(percent)

T

1977 7.54 0.00 60.37 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.46 2.1 

1978 58.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 66.86 17.8 

1979 24.43 0.00 (s) 0.00 0.00 0.00 91.19 21.2 1980 16.07 0.00 1.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 107.80 23.1 1981 93.30 0.00 28.79 0.00 0.00 0.00 230.34 38.8 1982 60.19 0.00 3.79 0.00 0.00 0.00 293.83 45.7 1983 85.29 0.00 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 379.09 52.4 1984 72.04 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 450.51 56.6 1985 43.12 0.00 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 493.32 60.6 1986 17.56 0.00 1.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 511.57 60.7 1987 26.52 0.00 2.69 0.00 0.00 0.00 540.65 60.8 1988 18.76 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 559.52 62.9 1989 20.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 579.86 62.9 1990 9.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.91 0.00 585.69 64.5 1991 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 17.22 0.00 568.51 63.7 1992 3.59 0.00 2.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 574.72 64.4 1993 5.37 0.00 6.96 0.00 0.00 0.00 587.08 63.6 1994 4.49 0.00 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 591.67 63.7 1995 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 591.64 66.1 1996 0.00 0.90 0.00 0.00 25.82 0.90 565.82 66.6 1997 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.33 0.00 563.43 64.9 1998 0.00 7.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 571.41 63.8 1999 3.04 3.60 0.00 1.42 0.00 10.75 567.24 66.6 2000 3.01 1.50 0.00 2.29 0.00 733.35 540.68 R65.4 2001 3.91 5.07 0.58 0.00 0.00 0.00 550.24 63.8 

1 Represents volumes of imported crude oil received at SPR storage facilities for which the costs

associated with the importation and delivery of crude oil are the responsibility of the commercial importerunder contract to supply the SPR. 2 The values shown for 1998-1999 represent an exchange agreement in which SPR receivedapproximately 8.5 million barrels of high quality oil in exchange for approximately 11 million barrels of lowerquality crude oil shipped from SPR during 1999-2000. Also, starting in 1999 a portion of the crude oilin-kind royalties from Federal leases in the Gulf of Mexico was transferred to the Department of Energy andexchanged with commercial entities for crude oil to fill the SPR. Crude oil exchange barrels delivered toSPR could be either domestic or imported as long as the crude oil met the specification requirements ofSPR. All exchange barrels of imported crude oil are shown in the column "Foreign Crude Oil, Imported byOthers," while exchange barrels of domestic crude oil are shown under the column "Domestic Crude OilReceipts, Exchanges." 3 Stocks do not include imported quantities in transit to Strategic Petroleum Reserve terminals, pipelinefill, and above-ground storage.

4 Including lease condensate stocks. 5 Derived by dividing end-of-year Strategic Petroleum Reserve 

imports of all petroleum. Calculated prior to rounding. 6 The quantity of domestic fuel oil which was in storage prior to inj

7 Includes 30 million barrels released to increase heating oil stock

bonus percentage to be returned in 2001-2002, as well as additionHeating Oil Reserve.

SPR=Strategic Petroleum Reserve. R=Revised. (s)=Less than 0.Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/Sources: Domestic Crude Oil Deliveries and Domestic Crude O

Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy, unpublished data. All OInformation Administration (EIA), Energy Data Report, Petroleum 

1981-2000—EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports. 2

(February 2002).
160 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 5.16 Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices

1 In chained (1996) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price 

deflators. See Table E1. 

2 Alaska North Slope.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be cSource: Table 5.16.

Alaska North Slope, California, and Texas, 1977-2001

Real1 Prices

1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000

0

15304560

Dollars per Barrel

U.S. Average Real1 and Nominal Prices, 1949-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

15304560

Dollars per Barrel

California

Real1

Nominal

Nominal Prices

1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000

0

15304560

Dollars per Barrel Texas California

ANS2

Texas

ANS2

Real1 Prices, In

1980 1984 1

0

50

100150200250300

Index 1977=100

Texas

Ca

ANS2
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 5.16 Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices, 1949-2001 (Dollars per Barrel)

Year

Alaska North Slope California Texas 

Nominal Real 1 Nominal Real 1 Nominal Real 1 Nom

1949 — — — — — — 2.51950 — — — — — — 2.51951 — — — — — — 2.51952 — — — — — — 2.51953 — — — — — — 2.61954 — — — — — — 2.71955 — — — — — — 2.71956 — — — — — — 2.71957 — — — — — — 3.01958 — — — — — — 3.01959 — — — — — — 2.91960 — — — — — — 2.81961 — — — — — — 2.81962 — — — — — — 2.91963 — — — — — — 2.81964 — — — — — — 2.81965 — — — — — — 2.81966 — — — — — — 2.81967 — — — — — — 2.91968 — — — — — — 2.91969 — — — — — — 3.01970 — — — — — — 3.1971 — — — — — — 3.31972 — — — — — — 3.31973 — — — — — — 3.81974 — — — — — — 6.81975 — — — — — — 7.61976 — — — — — — 8.1977 26.29 213.97 7.92 17.59 8.58 19.06 8.51978 5.21 10.80 8.58 17.79 9.29 19.26 9.01979 10.57 20.23 12.78 24.46 12.65 24.21 12.61980 16.87 29.58 23.87 41.85 21.84 38.29 21.51981 23.23 37.25 26.80 42.97 35.06 56.21 31.71982 19.92 30.07 24.58 37.10 31.77 47.95 28.51983 17.69 25.68 22.61 32.83 29.35 42.61 26.1984 17.91 25.07 22.09 30.92 28.87 40.41 25.81985 16.98 23.04 22.14 30.04 26.80 36.37 24.01986 6.45 8.56 11.90 15.80 14.73 19.56 12.51987 10.83 13.96 13.92 17.94 17.55 22.62 15.41988 8.43 10.51 10.97 13.68 14.71 18.34 12.51989 12.00 14.41 14.06 16.88 17.81 21.39 15.81990 15.23 17.60 17.81 20.59 22.37 25.86 20.01991 11.57 12.90 13.72 15.30 19.04 21.24 16.51992 11.73 12.77 13.55 14.75 18.32 19.95 15.91993 10.84 11.53 12.11 12.88 16.19 17.21 14.21994 9.77 10.18 12.12 12.62 14.98 15.60 13.1995 11.12 11.34 14.00 14.27 16.38 16.70 14.61996 15.32 15.32 16.72 16.72 20.31 20.31 18.41997 14.84 14.56 15.78 15.48 18.66 18.30 17.21998 8.47 8.21 9.55 9.25 12.28 11.90 10.81999 12.46 R11.91 14.08 R13.45 17.29 R16.52 15.52000 23.62 R22.07 R24.82 R23.19 R28.60 R26.72 R26.7

2001P 18.18 16.62 20.11 18.39 23.45 21.44 21.8

1 In chained (1996) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See

Table E1. 2 Average for July through December only.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. — = Not applicable. Note: For the definition of crude oil domestic first purchase prices, see Note 5 at end of section.Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html.

Sources: 1949-1973—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearboo

Products" chapter. 1974 through January 1976—Federal Energ"Crude Petroleum Production Monthly Report." February 1976 t"Domestic Crude Oil Purchaser’s Monthly Report." 1978 forwarPetroleum Marketing Monthly (March 2002), Table 21.
162 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 5.17 Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries

1 Based on October, November, and December data only.2 Nominal dollars.

Source: Table 5.17.

By Selected Non-OPEC Country, 19731-2001

1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

10203040

Dollars2 per Barrel

By Selected OPEC Country, 19731-2001

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

10203040

Dollars2 per Barrel Saudi Arabia Venezuela

Nigeria United Kingdom

Canada

Mexico

By Selected Country, 2001

Nigeria Norway United Saudi Cana

0

102030

26.64 25.81 25.38

21.20 20.7

Dollars2 per Barrel

Total, 19731-2001

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

10203040

Dollars2 per Barrel

Kingdom Arabia
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 5.17 Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries, 1973-2001 (Dollars1 per Barrel)

Year

Persian

Gulf

Nations

Selected OPEC 2 Countries Selected Non-OPEC Countries

Kuwait Nigeria 

Saudi

Arabia Venezuela

Total

OPEC 3 Angola Canada Colombia Mexico Norway

Unit

King

19734 5.91 W 9.08 5.37 5.99 6.85 W 5.33 W NA NA N

1974 12.21 W 13.16 11.63 11.25 12.49 12.48 11.48 W W NA N

1975 12.64 W 12.70 12.50 12.36 12.70 11.81 12.84 5 ( ) 12.61 12.80 N1976 13.03 W 13.81 13.06 11.89 13.32 12.71 13.36 5 ( ) 12.64 13.74 W 

1977 13.85 W 15.29 13.69 13.11 14.35 14.04 14.13 5 ( ) 13.82 14.93 14.

1978 14.01 W 14.88 13.94 12.84 14.34 14.07 14.41 5 ( ) 13.56 14.68 14.1979 20.42 W 22.97 18.95 17.65 21.29 21.06 20.22 5 ( ) 20.77 22.55 22.

1980 30.59 W 37.15 29.80 25.92 33.56 34.76 30.11 W 31.77 36.82 35.

1981 34.61 NA 39.66 34.20 29.91 36.60 36.84 32.32 5 ( ) 33.70 38.70 37.1982 34.94 NA 36.16 34.99 24.93 34.81 33.08 27.15 5 ( ) 28.63 34.70 34.

1983 29.37 NA 30.85 29.27 22.94 29.84 29.31 25.63 5 ( ) 25.78 30.72 30.

1984 29.07 W 30.36 29.20 25.19 29.06 28.49 26.56 5 ( ) 26.85 30.05 29.1985 25.50 NA 28.96 24.72 24.43 26.86 27.39 25.71 5 ( ) 25.63 28.32 28.

1986 12.92 11.70 15.29 12.84 11.52 13.46 14.09 13.43 12.85 12.17 15.98 14.

1987 17.47 18.14 19.32 16.81 15.76 17.64 18.20 17.04 18.43 16.69 19.10 18.1988 13.51 12.84 15.88 13.37 13.66 14.18 14.48 13.50 14.47 12.58 15.43 15.1989 17.37 16.90 19.19 17.34 16.78 17.78 18.36 16.81 18.10 16.35 19.06 18.1990 20.55 17.01 23.33 21.82 20.31 21.23 21.51 20.48 22.34 19.64 21.11 22.1991 17.34 18.48 21.39 17.22 15.92 18.08 19.90 17.16 19.55 15.89 21.44 21.1992 17.58 16.99 20.78 17.48 15.13 17.81 19.36 17.04 18.46 15.60 20.90 20.1993 15.26 14.23 18.73 15.40 13.39 15.68 17.40 15.27 16.54 14.11 18.99 17.1994 15.00 14.49 17.21 15.11 13.12 15.08 16.36 14.83 15.80 14.09 17.09 16.1995 16.78 16.47 18.25 16.84 14.81 16.61 17.66 16.65 17.45 16.19 18.06 17.1996 20.44 20.32 21.95 20.49 18.59 20.14 21.86 19.94 22.02 19.64 21.34 20.1997 17.44 17.03 20.64 17.52 16.35 17.73 20.24 17.63 19.71 17.30 20.26 20.1998 11.18 11.00 14.14 11.16 10.16 11.46 13.37 11.62 13.26 11.04 13.83 13.1999 17.37 16.77 17.63 17.48 15.58 16.94 18.37 17.54 18.09 16.12 19.06 18.2000 R26.77 R26.28 R30.04 R26.58 R26.05 R27.29 R29.57 R26.69 R29.68 R26.03 R30.13 R29.

2001P 20.92 20.06 26.64 21.20 19.87 21.67 25.48 20.72 25.88 19.39 25.81 25.

1 Nominal dollars. 2 Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. See Glossary for current membership. 3 Ecuador, which withdrew from OPEC on December 31, 1992, is included through 1992. In June 1996,

OPEC retroactively ended Gabon‘s membership in OPEC effective December 31, 1994. However, data forGabon are still included here for 1995. 4 Based on October, November, and December data only. 5 No data reported.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of individual

company data.

Notes: This table reports landed costs of crude oil imports only; it does not account for refined

petroleum products imported into the United States. Data include aReserve, which began in 1977. Totals may not equal sum of comp

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/Sources: 1973 through September 1977—Federal Energy 

"Transfer Pricing Report." October 1977 through January 197(EIA), Form FEA-F701-M-0, "Transfer Pricing Report." February Form ERA-51, "Transfer Pricing Report." October 1982 through Ju

Foreign Crude Oil Transaction Report." July 1984 forward—EIA, FOil Acquisition Report."
164 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

By Selected Country, 2001

Saudi Arabia Canada Mexico Venezuela Nigeria Angola Norway Colombia United 

048

1216

12.5

10.0 9.8 9.3

7.9

2.9 2.5 2.3 2

Billion Dollars1

Source: Table 5.18.

Figure 5.18 Value of Crude Oil Imports

1Nominal Dollars.  Notes: OPEC = Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. Because vertical 

scales differ, graphs should not be compared.

Totals, 2001

Total OPEC Non-OPEC 

0

20406080

100

73

38 35

Billion Dollars1

Total, 1973-2001

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

20406080

100

Billion Dollars1

Gu
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 5.18 Value of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries, 1973-2001 (Billion Dollars1

)

Year

Persian

Gulf

Nations

Selected OPEC 2 Countries Selected Non-OPEC Countries

Kuwait Nigeria 

Saudi

Arabia Venezuela

Total

OPEC 3 Angola Canada Colombia Mexico Norway

Uni

King

1973 1.7 W 1.5 0.9 0.8 5.2 W 1.9 W W NA N1974 4.4 W 3.3 1.9 1.3 11.6 0.2 3.3 NA W W N1975 5.2 W 3.5 3.2 1.8 14.9 0.3 2.8 NA 0.3 0.1 1976 8.7 W 5.1 5.8 1.0 22.2 (s) 1.8 W 0.4 0.2 1977 12.2 W 6.3 6.9 1.2 29.6 0.1 1.4 NA 0.9 0.3 01978 11.3 W 4.9 5.8 0.8 27.1 (s) 1.3 NA 1.6 0.6 01979 15.3 W 9.0 9.3 1.9 39.7 0.3 2.0 NA 3.3 0.6 11980 16.9 W 11.4 13.6 1.5 47.5 0.5 2.2 NA 5.9 1.9 21981 15.1 NA 8.8 13.9 1.6 39.0 0.6 1.9 NA 5.8 1.6 51982 8.4 W 6.7 6.8 1.4 22.0 0.5 2.1 NA 6.7 1.3 51983 4.3 W 3.4 3.4 1.4 16.1 0.8 2.6 NA 7.2 0.7 41984 4.8 W 2.3 3.3 2.3 16.1 0.9 3.3 NA 6.5 1.2 41985 2.3 W 3.0 1.2 2.7 12.9 1.0 4.4 NA 6.7 0.3 21986 3.8 0.1 2.4 2.9 1.8 10.4 0.5 2.8 0.3 2.8 0.3 11987 6.0 0.5 3.7 3.9 2.8 15.5 1.2 3.8 0.8 3.7 0.5 21988 6.7 0.4 3.5 4.4 2.2 14.0 1.1 3.4 0.6 3.1 0.3 11989 11.0 1.0 5.6 7.1 3.0 21.9 1.9 3.9 0.9 4.3 0.9 11990 13.5 0.5 6.7 9.5 4.9 27.2 1.9 4.8 1.1 4.9 0.7 11991 11.0 (s) 5.3 10.7 3.9 22.3 1.8 4.7 0.9 4.4 0.6 01992 10.5 0.2 5.1 10.2 4.6 22.2 2.4 5.0 0.7 4.5 0.9 11993 9.1 1.8 4.9 7.2 4.9 20.7 2.1 5.0 0.9 4.4 0.9 21994 8.8 1.6 3.9 7.2 5.0 19.7 1.9 5.3 0.8 4.8 1.2 21995 9.1 1.3 4.1 7.7 6.2 21.6 2.3 6.3 1.3 6.1 1.7 21996 11.1 1.8 4.8 9.4 8.9 25.3 2.8 7.8 1.8 8.7 2.3 11997 10.4 1.6 5.2 8.3 8.3 24.4 3.1 7.7 1.9 8.6 2.1 11998 8.3 1.2 3.6 5.7 5.1 17.4 2.3 5.4 1.7 5.3 1.1 01999 15.0 1.5 4.0 8.8 6.5 26.1 2.4 7.5 3.0 7.4 1.8 12000 R23.6 2.5 9.6 14.8 11.7 R45.4 3.2 R13.2 R3.5 R12.5 R3.3 R3

2001P 20.2 1.7 7.9 12.5 9.3 37.9 2.9 10.0 2.3 9.8 2.5 2

1 Nominal dollars. 2 Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. See Glossary for current membership. 3 Ecuador, which withdrew from OPEC on December 31, 1992, is included through 1992. In June 1996,

OPEC retroactively ended Gabon‘s membership in OPEC effective December 31, 1994. However, data forGabon are still included here for 1995. 4 Data shown here represent landed value; they differ from data in Table 3.5, which are data from U.S.Customs that represent crude oil value at the port of loading.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than $0.05 billion. W=Value withheld to avoid

disclosure of individual company data. 

Notes: Crude oil import volumes used to calculate values in t

District of Columbia. Totals may not equal sum of components due 

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/Sources: Calculated by using prices on Table 5.17 and volume 

Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, Petroleum S

1976-1980—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Petroleum 

1981-2000—EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports. 2

(February 2002).
166 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 5.19 Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Costs, 1968-2001

1 In chained (1996) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price 

deflators. See Table E1.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be cSource: Table 5.19.

Summary

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

10203040

 Dollars per Barrel (Nominal) Imported Domestic Composite

Domestic Costs

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

102030405060

Dollars per Barrel Real1

Nominal

Imported Costs

1970 1975 1980 1985 19

0

102030405060

Dollars per Barrel

Nominal

Real1

Composite Costs

1970 1975 1980 1985 19

0

102030405060

Dollars per Barrel

Nominal

Real1
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 5.19 Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Costs, 1968-2001 (Dollars per Barrel)

Year

Domestic Imported Com

Nominal Real 1 Nominal Real 1 Nominal 

1968 3.21 12.21 2.90 11.03 3.17 1969 3.37 12.21 2.80 10.15 3.29 1970 3.46 11.91 2.96 10.19 3.40 1971 3.68 12.06 3.17 10.39 3.60 1972 3.67 11.53 3.22 10.12 3.58 1973 4.17 12.41 4.08 12.14 4.15 1974 7.18 19.61 12.52 34.19 9.07 1975 8.39 20.96 13.93 34.80 10.38 1976 8.84 20.90 13.48 31.87 10.89 1977 9.55 21.21 14.53 32.27 11.96 1978 10.61 22.00 14.57 30.21 12.46 1979 14.27 27.31 21.67 41.47 17.72 1980 24.23 42.48 33.89 59.41 28.07 1981 34.33 55.04 37.05 59.40 35.24 1982 31.22 47.12 33.55 50.64 31.87 1983 28.87 41.91 29.30 42.54 28.99 1984 28.53 39.94 28.88 40.43 28.63 1985 26.66 36.18 26.99 36.63 26.75 1986 14.82 19.68 14.00 18.59 14.55 1987 17.76 22.89 18.13 23.37 17.90 1988 14.74 18.38 14.56 18.15 14.67 1989 17.87 21.46 18.08 21.71 17.97 1990 22.59 26.11 21.76 25.15 22.22 1991 19.33 21.56 18.70 20.86 19.06 1992 18.63 20.29 18.20 19.82 18.43 1993 16.67 17.72 16.14 17.16 16.41 1994 15.67 16.32 15.51 16.15 15.59 1995 17.33 17.67 17.14 17.47 17.23 1996 20.77 20.77 20.64 20.64 20.71 1997 19.61 19.23 18.53 18.18 19.04 1998 13.18 12.77 12.04 R11.67 12.52 

1999 17.90 R17.10 17.26 R16.49 17.51 

2000 R29.11 R27.20 R27.70 R25.88 R28.26 2001P 24.34 22.25 22.01 20.12 22.96 

1 In chained (1996) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See

Table E1.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Note: Refiner acquisition cost of crude oil for each category and for the composite is derived by dividing

the sum of the total purchasing (acquisition) costs of all refiners by the total volume of all refiners’purchases.

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/Sources: 1968-1973—Estimated. See Note 6 at end of 

1976—Federal Energy Administration (FEA), Form FEA-96, "Monthly 

1976 through December 1977—FEA, Form FEA-P110-M-1, "Refin

1978 forward—EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly (March 2002), T
168 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Source: Table 5.20.

Figure 5.20 Refiner Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 1985-2001

1 Nominal value.

To Resellers

1985 1990 1995 2000

0

102030405060708090

100

110

120

Cents1 per Gallon, Excluding Taxes Motor Gasoline, Average No. 2 Distillate, Average

Residual Fuel Oil,

Average

Propane

To End Users

1985 1990 1995 

0

102030405060708090

100

110

120

Cents1 per Gallon, Excluding TaxesMotor Gasoline, Average No. 2 Distillate, Average

Residual Fuel Oil,

Average

Propane
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 5.20 Refiner Sales Prices and Refiner Margins for Selected Petroleum Products, 1985-2001 (Cents1 per Gallon, Excluding Taxes)

Product 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 19

Sales Prices to Resellers: 2 Aviation Gasoline ............................ 113.0 91.2 85.9 85.0 95.0 106.3 100.1 99.1 96.5 93.3 97.5 105.5 106.5 9

 Motor Gasoline ............................... 83.5 53.1 58.9 57.7 65.4 78.6 69.9 67.7 62.6 59.9 62.6 71.3 70.0 5

 Leaded Regular ............................ 79.3 50.1 56.5 54.8 63.1 75.4 65.7 69.3 NA NA NA NA NA  Unleaded Regular ......................... 84.3 52.2 56.9 54.8 61.8 75.8 67.2 64.5 59.3 56.6 59.3 68.5 67.3 4

 Unleaded Midgrade ...................... NA NA NA NA 68.6 81.4 73.3 70.8 66.0 63.8 67.0 75.9 74.9 5

 Premium ....................................... 92.2 61.0 67.1 67.2 74.9 87.4 79.2 77.4 72.2 69.5 72.2 80.3 79.2 6 Kerosene ........................................ 87.4 60.6 59.2 54.9 66.9 83.9 72.2 63.2 60.4 61.8 58.0 71.4 65.3 4

 Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type ................ 79.4 49.5 53.8 49.5 58.3 77.3 65.0 60.5 57.7 53.4 53.9 64.6 61.3 4

 No. 1 Distillate ............................... 86.3 57.9 59.9 54.9 66.8 83.8 73.0 65.2 64.6 61.5 62.5 75.1 72.3 5 No. 2 Distillate ............................... 77.4 47.0 53.1 47.3 56.6 69.5 61.8 58.5 55.9 52.2 53.0 65.3 60.2 4

 No. 2 Fuel Oil ................................ 77.6 48.6 52.7 47.3 56.5 69.7 62.2 57.9 54.4 50.6 51.1 63.9 59.0 4

 No. 2 Diesel Fuel .......................... 77.2 45.2 53.4 47.3 56.7 69.4 61.5 59.1 57.0 52.9 53.8 65.9 60.6 4 No. 4 Fuel 3 .................................... 67.2 40.9 46.2 42.5 48.0 59.0 55.6 49.5 48.8 46.2 46.3 60.3 55.1 3

 Residual Fuel Oil ............................ 57.7 30.5 38.5 30.0 36.0 41.3 31.4 30.8 29.3 31.7 36.3 42.0 38.7 2

 1% or Less Sulfur Content ............ 61.0 32.8 41.2 33.3 40.7 47.2 36.4 35.1 33.7 34.5 38.3 45.6 41.5 2 Greater Than 1% Sulfur Content .. 56.0 28.9 36.2 27.1 33.1 37.2 29.2 28.6 25.6 28.7 33.8 38.9 36.6 2

 Propane (Consumer Grade) ........... 39.8 29.0 25.2 24.0 24.7 38.6 34.9 32.8 35.1 32.4 34.4 46.1 41.6 2Sales Prices to End Users: 2

 Aviation Gasoline ............................ 120.1 101.1 90.7 89.1 99.5 112.0 104.7 102.7 99.0 95.7 100.5 111.6 112.8 9

 Motor Gasoline ............................... 91.2 62.4 66.9 67.3 75.6 88.3 79.7 78.7 75.9 73.8 76.5 84.7 83.9 6

 Leaded Regular ............................ 84.2 57.3 61.8 61.9 71.0 83.1 71.5 78.5 NA NA NA NA NA  Unleaded Regular ......................... 91.7 61.6 65.0 64.1 71.4 84.9 76.1 74.3 71.2 68.9 71.7 80.7 79.8 6

 Unleaded Midgrade ...................... NA NA NA NA 79.2 92.1 84.3 82.7 80.5 78.5 80.8 89.6 89.5 7

 Premium ....................................... 102.3 73.7 78.4 78.8 86.7 98.5 90.7 91.4 88.9 86.5 89.0 97.2 97.3 8 Kerosene ........................................ 103.0 79.0 77.0 73.8 70.9 92.3 83.8 78.8 75.4 66.0 58.9 74.0 74.5 5

 Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type ................ 79.6 52.9 54.3 51.3 59.2 76.6 65.2 61.0 58.0 53.4 54.0 65.1 61.3 4

 No. 1 Distillate ............................... 88.0 62.0 60.4 56.4 66.1 81.9 74.0 66.6 66.6 64.0 62.0 72.6 68.9 5 No. 2 Distillate ............................... 79.9 49.1 55.6 50.7 58.5 72.6 65.0 62.0 60.2 55.6 56.0 68.0 64.2 4

 No. 2 Fuel Oil ................................ 84.9 56.0 58.1 54.4 58.7 73.4 66.5 62.7 60.2 57.2 56.2 67.3 63.6 4

 No. 2 Diesel Fuel .......................... 78.9 47.8 55.1 50.0 58.5 72.5 64.8 61.9 60.2 55.4 56.0 68.1 64.2 4 No. 4 Fuel 3 .................................... 77.3 48.9 51.3 46.1 51.2 62.2 58.0 52.6 50.1 50.1 50.5 60.3 56.5 4

 Residual Fuel Oil ............................ 61.0 34.3 42.3 33.4 38.5 44.4 34.0 33.6 33.7 35.2 39.2 45.5 42.3 3

 1% or Less Sulfur Content ............ 64.4 37.2 44.7 37.2 43.6 50.5 40.2 38.9 39.7 40.1 43.6 52.6 48.8 3 Greater Than 1% Sulfur Content .. 58.2 31.7 39.6 30.0 34.4 40.0 30.6 31.2 30.3 33.0 37.7 43.3 40.3 2

 Propane (Consumer Grade) ........... 71.7 74.5 70.1 71.4 61.5 74.5 73.0 64.3 67.3 53.0 49.2 60.5 55.2 4Refiner Margins 4

 Motor Gasoline ............................... 19.8 18.4 16.3 22.8 22.6 25.7 24.5 23.8 23.5 22.8 21.6 22.0 24.7 2 Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type ................ 15.8 14.9 11.2 14.6 15.5 24.4 19.6 16.5 18.6 16.3 12.9 15.3 16.0 1 No. 2 Distillate ............................... 13.8 12.4 10.4 12.4 13.8 16.6 16.4 14.6 16.8 15.1 12.0 16.0 14.9 1 Residual Fuel Oil ............................ -6.0 -4.1 -4.1 -5.0 -6.8 -11.6 -14.0 -13.2 -9.8 -5.4 -4.8 -7.2 -6.6 -

 Composite 5 .................................... 17.0 15.8 13.8 18.7 18.8 22.1 20.7 19.8 19.0 19.8 18.1 19.4 20.0 1

1 Nominal value. 2 Sales for resale (wholesale sales) are those made to purchasers who are other than ultimate

consumers. Sales to end users are those made directly to the ultimate consumer, including bulkcustomers, such as agriculture, industry, and utilities, as well as residential and commercial customers. 3 Includes No. 4 fuel oil and No. 4 diesel fuel. 4 In this table, refiner margin is the difference between the composite refiner acquisition price of crudeoil and the price to resellers.

5 Composite of aviation gasoline, kerosene-type jet fuel, kerosen

2, and 4, and residual fuel.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available.Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/Sources: 1985-2000—EIA, Petroleum Marketing Annual, ann

Marketing Monthly (March 2002).
170 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

1 Nominal value.* Not applicable.

Figure 5.21 All Sellers Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 2001

Distillate Fuel Oil, Residual Fuel Oil, and Propane

No.2 No.2 Distillate No.2 Diesel No.2 Diesel No.2 Diesel Residual 

0

306090

120150

95

125

91 92 89

53

78 79 79 77

49

Cents1 per Gallon (Excluding Taxes)

Motor Gasoline, Selected Grades

All Finished Unleaded Unleaded Unleaded Unleaded Unleaded 

0

20406080

100120

102 99 97 106 105 109

89 87 84

95 93 95 

Cents1 per Gallon (Excluding Taxes)

Motor Gasoline Regular Regular Conventional Regular Oxygenated Regular Reformulated Midgrade

Fuel Oil Fuel Oil to Residences Fuel Fuel, Low Sulfur Fuel, High Sulfur 

*

Notes: Data are preliminary. Because vertical scales d

compared. 

Source: Table 5.21.

Fuel Oil

To End Users To Resellers
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 5.21 All Sellers Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 1985-2001 (Cents1 per Gallon, Excluding Taxes)

Product 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 19

Sales Prices to Resellers 2 Motor Gasoline ............................... 84.1 53.8 59.2 58.0 65.8 78.9 70.8 68.0 62.8 60.2 63.0 71.5 70.3 5

 Unleaded Regular ......................... 84.9 52.9 57.2 55.1 62.3 76.2 68.2 64.9 59.7 57.1 59.9 68.9 67.7 5

 Conventional .............................. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 56.5 58.3 67.2 65.8 4 Oxygenated ................................ NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 62.7 66.2 74.5 75.4 5

 Reformulated .............................. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 63.2 64.6 73.3 72.5 5

 Unleaded Midgrade ...................... NA NA NA NA 69.1 82.3 74.4 71.3 66.4 64.1 67.3 76.0 75.1 5 Conventional .............................. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 63.3 65.1 73.7 72.3 5

 Oxygenated ................................ NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 68.9 71.1 78.9 79.1 5

 Reformulated .............................. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 72.2 71.9 80.2 80.1 6 Premium ....................................... 92.8 61.7 67.4 67.5 75.2 87.7 80.0 77.6 72.2 69.6 72.4 80.4 79.4 6

 Conventional .............................. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 68.6 69.5 77.7 76.4 5

 Oxygenated ................................ NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 75.7 78.7 85.1 85.6 6 Reformulated .............................. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 76.9 77.9 85.1 84.5 6

 No. 2 Distillate ................................ 78.1 48.0 53.5 48.2 57.2 70.6 62.7 59.1 56.6 52.9 53.6 66.0 61.1 4

 No. 2 Diesel Fuel .......................... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 53.8 54.6 66.7 61.6 4 Low Sulfur ................................... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 54.2 55.1 67.3 61.9 4

 High Sulfur .................................. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 51.9 52.4 63.9 60.2 4

 Residual Fuel Oil ............................ 58.2 31.5 39.9 31.5 37.8 43.4 33.0 32.6 30.1 32.2 36.6 42.7 39.6 2 1% or Less Sulfur Content ............ 60.6 33.6 42.0 34.1 41.5 48.1 37.9 36.8 34.1 35.0 38.3 46.1 42.4 3

 Greater Than 1% Sulfur Content .. 56.1 29.5 38.1 28.2 34.0 38.8 29.7 30.0 27.2 29.8 34.4 39.7 37.5 2

 Propane (Consumer Grade) ........... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 33.6 35.4 47.1 42.6 2Sales Prices to End Users 2 Motor Gasoline ............................... 91.9 63.7 67.7 68.0 76.8 89.9 81.1 78.7 75.3 72.9 76.1 84.3 83.1 6

 Unleaded Regular ......................... 92.8 63.0 66.3 65.5 73.2 87.0 78.0 75.0 71.4 69.0 72.1 80.9 79.7 6

 Conventional .............................. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 68.5 71.4 80.1 78.5 6 Oxygenated ................................ NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 73.7 77.3 86.1 88.7 6

 Reformulated .............................. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 74.3 74.1 83.3 82.2 6

 Unleaded Midgrade ...................... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 82.4 79.2 77.0 80.2 88.5 88.0 7 Conventional .............................. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 76.6 79.3 87.4 86.5 6

 Oxygenated ................................ NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 82.1 83.8 92.9 96.4 7

 Reformulated .............................. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 85.1 82.9 91.6 91.5 7 Premium ....................................... 101.6 73.6 78.0 78.6 87.4 99.6 91.9 90.6 87.5 85.2 88.3 96.2 95.5 7

 Conventional .............................. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 84.6 87.1 95.0 93.9 7

 Oxygenated ................................ NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 90.8 93.8 101.9 105.4 8 Reformulated .............................. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 93.7 91.4 99.1 98.8 8

 No. 2 Distillate ................................ 89.0 61.4 64.3 61.2 69.5 84.1 76.0 72.6 71.0 67.5 67.3 79.3 75.3 5

 No. 2 Distillate to Residences 3 .... 105.3 83.6 80.3 81.3 90.0 106.3 101.9 93.4 91.1 88.4 86.7 98.9 98.4 8 No. 2 Diesel Fuel .......................... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 62.8 63.6 75.7 71.4 5

 Low Sulfur ................................... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 64.2 64.5 76.7 71.9 5

 High Sulfur .................................. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 59.8 61.4 73.2 69.8 5 Residual Fuel Oil ............................ 62.3 35.8 42.6 33.9 39.3 45.5 34.7 34.6 34.1 35.8 39.7 46.4 42.9 3

 1% or Less Sulfur Content ............ 66.0 38.9 44.9 37.3 43.6 51.2 40.0 39.4 39.3 40.3 43.3 52.9 47.2 3

 Greater Than 1% Sulfur Content .. 58.9 32.8 39.9 30.6 35.1 40.5 31.1 31.9 31.2 32.7 37.6 43.0 40.7 2 Propane (Consumer Grade) ........... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 77.6 76.6 88.6 87.8 7

1 Nominal value. 2 Sales for resale (wholesale sales) are those made to purchasers who are other than ultimate

consumers. Sales to end users are those made directly to the ultimate consumer, including bulkcustomers, such as agriculture, industry, and utilities, as well as residential and commercial customers. 3 See Note 7 at end of section for historical data.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available.Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glanceSources: 1985-2000—Energy Information Administration (EIA

reports. 2001—EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly (March 2002).
172 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 5.22 Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices

1 In chained (1996) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price 

deflators. See Table E1.

2 Any area that does not require the sale of reformulated gasoline.3 Reformulated Gasoline (RFG) areas are ozone attainment areas designated by the 

Environmental Protection Agency that require the use of reformulated gasoline.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Sources: Tables 5.11 and 5.22.

Regular Motor Gasoline by Area Type and On-Highw

Conventional Reformulated All Are

0.000.501.001.502.00

1.38

1.50 1.42 

Dollars per Gallon (Nominal)

Motor Gasoline, All Grades, 1978-2001

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0.000.751.502.25

Dollars per Gallon

Motor Gasoline3 Price and Consumption, 1978-2001, I

1980 1985 1990 

0.60.81.01.21.41.61.8

Index: 1978=1.0

Real1

Nominal

Unleaded 

Regular

Leaded Regular

Unleaded 

Premium

Gasoline Areas3 

$1.53 in 2001

(Nominal)

Motor Gasoline by Grade, 1949-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0.000.501.001.502.00

 Dollars per Gallon (Nominal)

Gasoline Areas2

Regular Motor Gasoline
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 5.22 Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices, 1949-2001 (Dollars per Gallon)

Year

Motor Gasoline by Grade Regular Motor Gasoline by A

Leaded Regular Unleaded Regular Unleaded Premium All Grades Conventional

Gasoline

Areas 3

Reformulated

Gasoline

Areas Nominal Real 4 

2 Nominal Real 2 Nominal Real 2 Nominal Real 2

1949 0.27 1.55 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1950 0.27 1.54 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1951 0.27 1.45 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1952 0.27 1.44 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1953 0.29 1.49 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1954 0.29 1.49 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1955 0.29 1.47 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1956 0.30 1.46 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1957 0.31 1.47 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1958 0.30 1.41 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1959 0.31 1.39 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1960 0.31 1.40 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1961 0.31 1.37 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1962 0.31 1.35 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1963 0.30 1.32 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1964 0.30 1.30 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1965 0.31 1.31 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1966 0.32 1.31 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1967 0.33 1.32 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1968 0.34 1.28 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1969 0.35 1.26 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1970 0.36 1.23 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1971 0.36 1.19 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1972 0.36 1.14 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1973 0.39 1.16 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1974 0.53 1.45 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1975 0.57 1.42 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1976 0.59 1.40 0.61 1.45 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1977 0.62 1.38 0.66 1.46 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1978 0.63 1.30 0.67 1.39 NA NA 0.65 1.35 NA NA 1979 0.86 1.64 0.90 1.73 NA NA 0.88 1.69 NA NA 1980 1.19 2.09 1.25 2.18 NA NA 1.22 2.14 NA NA 1981 1.31 2.10 1.38 2.21 1.47 2.36 1.35 2.17 NA NA 1982 1.22 1.85 1.30 1.96 1.42 2.14 1.28 1.93 NA NA 1983 1.16 1.68 1.24 1.80 1.38 2.01 1.23 1.78 NA NA 1984 1.13 1.58 1.21 1.70 1.37 1.91 1.20 1.68 NA NA 1985 1.12 1.51 1.20 1.63 1.34 1.82 1.20 1.62 NA NA 1986 0.86 1.14 0.93 1.23 1.09 1.44 0.93 1.24 NA NA 1987 0.90 1.16 0.95 1.22 1.09 1.41 0.96 1.23 NA NA 1988 0.90 1.12 0.95 1.18 1.11 1.38 0.96 1.20 NA NA 1989 1.00 1.20 1.02 1.23 1.20 1.44 1.06 1.27 NA NA 1990 1.15 1.33 1.16 1.35 1.35 1.56 1.22 1.41 NA NA 1991 NA NA 1.14 1.27 1.32 1.47 1.20 1.33 1.10 NA 1992 NA NA 1.13 1.23 1.32 1.43 1.19 1.30 1.09 NA 1993 NA NA 1.11 1.18 1.30 1.38 1.17 1.25 R,51.07 NA 1994 NA NA 1.11 1.16 1.31 1.36 1.17 1.22 R1.07 NA 

1995 NA NA 1.15 1.17 1.34 1.36 1.21 1.23 R1.10 61.16 

1996 NA NA 1.23 1.23 1.41 1.41 1.29 1.29 R1.19 R1.28 1997 NA NA 1.23 1.21 1.42 1.39 1.29 1.27 R1.19 1.25 

1998 NA NA 1.06 1.03 1.25 1.21 1.12 1.08 R1.02 1.08 

1999 NA NA 1.17 1.11 1.36 1.30 1.22 1.17 R1.12 1.20 2000 NA NA 1.51 1.41 1.69 1.58 1.56 1.46 1.46 1.54 2001 NA NA 1.46 1.34 1.66 1.52 1.53 1.40 1.38 1.50 

1 Nominal dollars. 2 In chained (1996) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See Table

E1.3 Any area that does not require the sale of reformulated gasoline. 4 Reformulated Gasoline (RFG) areas are ozone nonattainment areas designated by the EnvironmentalProtection Agency that require the use of reformulated gasoline. 5 Beginning in 1993 historical data for oxygenated areas collected between 1993 and 2000 are includedwith conventional areas. 6 Beginning in 1995 historical data for combined oxygenated and reformulated areas (collected between

1995 and 2000) are included with reformulated gasoline areas.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/peSources: Motor Gasoline by Grade: 1949-1973—Platt’s Oil Pri

Edition. 1974 forward—Energy Information Administration (EIA), anU.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. City Averag

Area Type: EIA, weighted, annual averages of data from Weekly Diesel: EIA, weighted, annual averages of data from Weekly On-Highw
Petroleum

Note 1. Accurate calculation of the quantity of petroleum products supplied to the domestic market is complicated by the recycling of products at

the refinery, the renaming of products involved in a transfer, and the receipt of products from outside the primary supply system. Beginning in1981, a single adjustment (always a negative quantity) is made to totalproduct supplied to correct this accounting problem. The calculation ofthis adjustment, called “reclassified,” involves only unfinished oils and gasoline blending components. It is the sum of their net changes in primarystocks (net withdrawals is a plus quantity; net additions is a minus quantity) plus imports minus net input to refineries.Note 2. Total petroleum products supplied is the sum of the products supplied for each petroleum product, crude oil, unfinished oils, and gasolineblending components. For each of these, except crude oil, product supplied is calculated by adding refinery production, natural gas plant liquidsproduction, new supply of other liquids, imports, and stock withdrawals,and subtracting stock additions, refinery inputs, and exports. Crude oilproduct supplied is the sum of crude oil burned on leases and at pipelinepump stations as reported on Form EIA-813. Prior to 1983, crude oilburned on leases and at pipeline pump stations was reported as either distillate or residual fuel oil and was included as product supplied for these products. Petroleum product supplied is an approximation of petroleumconsumption and is synonymous with the term “Petroleum Consumption”in Section 1. Sector data for petroleum products used in more than one sector are derived from surveys of sales to ultimate consumers by refiners,marketers, distributors, and dealers and from receipts at electric utilities.Note 3. Beginning in January 1981, several Energy Information Administration survey forms and calculation methodologies were changed to reflect new developments in refinery and blending plant practices and toimprove data integrity. Those changes affect production and product supplied statistics for motor gasoline, distillate fuel oil, and residual fuel oil,and stocks of motor gasoline. On the basis of those changes, motor gasoline production during the last half of 1980 would have averaged 289,000barrels per day higher than that which was published on the old basis. Distillate and residual fuel oil production and product supplied for all of 1980would have averaged, respectively, 105,000 and 54,000 barrels per dayhigher than the numbers that were published.

Note 4. The methods of deriving Gross Input tin this report are as follows: 1949-1966, GIDannual crude oil runs to stills, net unfinished shipments of natural gasoline and plant condecessing plants to refineries. For 1967-1973, Gming annual crude oil runs to stills, net unfinisinput of natural gasoline and plant condensatepublished annual data. For 1981 forward, GImonthly data.Note 5. The Crude Oil Domestic First Purchaslows: 1949-1973, weighted average Domestic ported by State agencies and calculated by the 1975, weighted averages of a sample survey of chases; 1976 forward, weighted averages of all Note 6. The Refiner Acquisition Cost of Cr1968-1973. The cost of domestic crude oil wmated transportation costs to the reported avervalue. The cost of imported crude oil was deriocean transport cost based on the published “Ament” to the average “Free Alongside Ship” vBureau of the Census. The composite cost wamestic costs and imported costs on the basis imported.Note 7. Residential heating oil prices for 19merly published in the Annual Energy Review. lon, are: 15.2, 16.0, 15.1, 15.3, 15.0, 15.6, 116.9, 17.4, 17.8, 18.5, 19.6, 19.7, 22.8, 36.0, 397.4, 119.4, 116.0. The sources of these data aLabor Statistics, Retail Prices and Indexes of Fdential Usage, monthly. January 1975 through 

Energy Administration, Form FEA-P112-M-1ply/Price Monitoring Report.” October 11977—Energy Information Administration (EHeating Oil Supply/Price Monitoring Report.” leum Marketing Monthly, Table 18.

174 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001
Table 5.13 Sources

Electric Power: • 1984—EIA, Petroleum Marketing Annual 1988 (October 1989), Tables A13, A14, and A15. • 1985–1988—EIA, Fuel Oil andKerosene Sales, Power Plant Report" and EIA-860B, “Annual Electric Generator Report—Nonutility.” • 2000—EIA, Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales 2001(September 2002), Tables 13, 14, and 15. All Other Data: • 1984—EIA,

Petroleum Marketing Annual 1988 (October 1

A15. • 1985-1988—EIA, Fuel Oil and Kerosenbles 13, 14, and 15. • 1989-1999—EIA, Office data based on EIA, Form EIA-821, “Annual Fueport.” • 2000—EIA, Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales bles 13, 14, and 15.

Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Natural gas pipeline, El Paso County, Texas. Source: U.S. Department of Energy.

Natural Gas

6

Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Diagram 3. Natural

Gas Flow, 2001

(Trillion Cubic Feet)

a Natural gas consumed in the operation of pipelines, primarily in compressors, and a

small quantity used as vehicle fuel.

Notes: Data are preliminary. Totalsmaynotequa

independentrounding.

Sources: Tables 6.1, 6.2, and 6.5.

 

From

Gas Wells

18.03

Gross

Withdrawals

24.50

Marketed

Production

20.39

Dry Gas

Production

19.36

Exports

0.39

Vented

and Flared

0.11

Repressuring

3.53

Nonhydrocarbon

Gases Removed

0.47

Extraction

Loss

1.04

Imports

4.03

Supplemental

Gaseous Fuels

0.08

Withdrawals

from Storage

2.29

Balancing

Item

0.72

Additions

to Storage

3.45

Consump

22.64

From

Oil Wells

6.47 

Tra
180 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

1 Dry gas.2 Beginning with 1980, includes liquefied natural gas stored in above-ground tanks. Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared.

Source: Table 6.1.

Figure 6.1 Natural Gas Overview

Additions to Storage2

Withdrawals From Storage2

Consumption

Production1

Imports

Overview, 1949-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

05

10152025

Trillion Cubic Feet

Overview, 2001

Production1 Imports Export

05

10152025

19.4

4.0

0.4

Trillion Cubic Feet

Storage Additions and Withdrawals, 1949-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

01234

Trillion Cubic Feet
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 6.1 Natural Gas Overview, 1949-2001 (Trillion Cubic Feet)

Year

Dry Gas

Production

Supplemental

Gaseous Fuels Imports Exports

Withdrawals

From Storage 1

Additions

to Storage 1 Balancing 

1949 5.20 NA 0.00 0.02 0.11 0.17 -0.11950 6.02 NA 0.00 0.03 0.18 0.23 -0.11951 7.16 NA 0.00 0.02 0.21 0.35 -0.11952 7.69 NA 0.01 0.03 0.22 0.40 -0.21953 8.06 NA 0.01 0.03 0.25 0.40 -0.21954 8.39 NA 0.01 0.03 0.33 0.43 -0.21955 9.03 NA 0.01 0.03 0.44 0.51 -0.21956 9.66 NA 0.01 0.04 0.45 0.59 -0.21957 10.25 NA 0.04 0.04 0.48 0.67 -0.21958 10.57 NA 0.14 0.04 0.62 0.70 -0.21959 11.55 NA 0.13 0.02 0.67 0.79 -0.21960 12.23 NA 0.16 0.01 0.71 0.84 -0.21961 12.66 NA 0.22 0.01 0.70 0.84 -0.21962 13.25 NA 0.40 0.02 0.85 0.94 -0.21963 14.08 NA 0.41 0.02 0.92 1.05 -0.31964 14.82 NA 0.44 0.02 0.89 1.01 -0.31965 15.29 NA 0.46 0.03 0.96 1.08 -0.31966 16.47 NA 0.48 0.02 1.14 1.21 -0.41967 17.39 NA 0.56 0.08 1.13 1.32 -0.31968 18.49 NA 0.65 0.09 1.33 1.43 -0.31969 19.83 NA 0.73 0.05 1.38 1.50 -0.31970 21.01 NA 0.82 0.07 1.46 1.86 -0.21971 21.61 NA 0.93 0.08 1.51 1.84 -0.31972 21.62 NA 1.02 0.08 1.76 1.89 -0.31973 21.73 NA 1.03 0.08 1.53 1.97 -0.21974 20.71 NA 0.96 0.08 1.70 1.78 -0.21975 19.24 NA 0.95 0.07 1.76 2.10 -0.21976 19.10 NA 0.96 0.06 1.92 1.76 -0.21977 19.16 NA 1.01 0.06 1.75 2.31 -0.01978 19.12 NA 0.97 0.05 2.16 2.28 -0.21979 19.66 NA 1.25 0.06 2.05 2.30 -0.31980 19.40 0.15 0.98 0.05 1.97 1.95 -0.61981 19.18 0.18 0.90 0.06 1.93 2.23 -0.51982 17.82 0.14 0.93 0.05 2.16 2.47 -0.51983 16.09 0.13 0.92 0.05 2.27 1.82 -0.71984 17.47 0.11 0.84 0.05 2.10 2.30 -0.21985 16.45 0.13 0.95 0.06 2.40 2.16 -0.41986 16.06 0.11 0.75 0.06 1.84 1.98 -0.41987 16.62 0.10 0.99 0.05 1.91 1.91 -0.41988 17.10 0.10 1.29 0.07 2.27 2.21 -0.41989 17.31 0.11 1.38 0.11 2.85 2.53 R0.11990 17.81 0.12 1.53 0.09 1.99 2.50 R0.31991 17.70 0.11 1.77 0.13 2.75 2.67 R0.0

1992 17.84 0.12 2.14 0.22 2.77 2.60 R0.1

1993 18.10 0.12 2.35 0.14 2.80 2.83 R0.41994 18.82 0.11 2.62 0.16 2.58 2.86 R0.1

1995 18.60 0.11 2.84 0.15 3.02 2.61 R0.4

1996 18.85 0.11 2.94 0.15 2.98 2.98 R0.81997 18.90 0.10 2.99 0.16 2.89 2.87 R0.8

1998 R19.02 0.10 3.15 0.16 2.43 2.96 R0.6

1999 R18.83 0.10 3.59 0.16 R2.81 R2.64 R-0.12000 R18.99 R0.09 R3.78 0.24 R3.55 R2.72 R0.0

2001P 19.36 0.08 4.03 0.39 2.29 3.45 0.7

1 Beginning with 1980, includes liquefied natural gas stored in above-ground tanks. 2 Quantities lost and imbalances in data due to differences among data sources. Since 1980, excludes

intransit shipments that cross the U.S.-Canada border (i.e., natural gas delivered to its destination via theother country). 3 For 1989-1992, a small amount of consumption at independent power producers may be counted inboth "Other Industrial" and "Electric Power Sector" on Table 6.5. See Note 3 at end of section under "Table6.5 Notes." 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Notes: Beginning with 1965, all volumes are shown on a pressure base of 14.73 p.s.i.a. at 60o F. For

prior years, the pressure base was 14.65 p.s.i.a. at 60o F. Totals 

to independent rounding.

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/natural_gas/info_glancSources: Supplemental Gaseous Fuels: 1980-1994—EIA

1995 forward—EIA, Natural Gas Monthly (February 2002), Table 

sum of consumption, exports, and additions to storage minus dry fuels, imports, and withdrawals from storage. Consumptio

1949-1994—EIA, Natural Gas Annual 2000 (November 2001), Ta

Gas Monthly (February 2002), Tables 2, 5, 6, and 9.
182 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared. Source: Table 6.2.

Figure 6.2 Natural Gas Production

3.5

24.5 20.4 

0.5 0.1

Production Flow, 2001(Trillion Cubic Feet)

Gross Withdrawals and Dry Gas Production, 1949-2001

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

05

1015202530

Trillion Cubic Feet Gross Withdrawals by Well Type, 2001

Gas Wells 

05

101520 18.0

Trillion Cubic Feet

Gross Withdrawals

Dry Gas

Production
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 6.2 Natural Gas Production, 1949-2001 (Trillion Cubic Feet)

Year

Gross Withdrawals

Repressuring

Nonhydrocarbon

Gases Removed

Vented

and Flared

Marketed

Production

Ext

Lo

From Gas Wells From Oil Wells Total 

1949 4.99 2.56 7.55 1.27 NA 0.85 5.42 1950 5.60 2.88 8.48 1.40 NA 0.80 6.28 1951 6.48 3.21 9.69 1.44 NA 0.79 7.46 1952 6.84 3.43 10.27 1.41 NA 0.85 8.01 1953 7.10 3.55 10.65 1.44 NA 0.81 8.40 1954 7.47 3.52 10.98 1.52 NA 0.72 8.74 1955 7.84 3.88 11.72 1.54 NA 0.77 9.41 1956 8.31 4.07 12.37 1.43 NA 0.86 10.08 1957 8.72 4.19 12.91 1.42 NA 0.81 10.68 1958 9.15 3.99 13.15 1.48 NA 0.63 11.03 1959 10.10 4.13 14.23 1.61 NA 0.57 12.05 1960 10.85 4.23 15.09 1.75 NA 0.56 12.77 1961 11.20 4.27 15.46 1.68 NA 0.52 13.25 1962 11.70 4.34 16.04 1.74 NA 0.43 13.88 1963 12.61 4.37 16.97 1.84 NA 0.38 14.75 1964 13.11 4.43 17.54 1.65 NA 0.34 15.55 1965 13.52 4.44 17.96 1.60 NA 0.32 16.04 1966 13.89 5.14 19.03 1.45 NA 0.38 17.21 1967 15.35 4.91 20.25 1.59 NA 0.49 18.17 1968 16.54 4.79 21.33 1.49 NA 0.52 19.32 1969 17.49 5.19 22.68 1.46 NA 0.53 20.70 1970 18.59 5.19 23.79 1.38 NA 0.49 21.92 1971 18.93 5.16 24.09 1.31 NA 0.28 22.49 1972 19.04 4.97 24.02 1.24 NA 0.25 22.53 1973 19.37 4.70 24.07 1.17 NA 0.25 22.65 1974 18.67 4.18 22.85 1.08 NA 0.17 21.60 1975 17.38 3.72 21.10 0.86 NA 0.13 20.11 1976 17.19 3.75 20.94 0.86 NA 0.13 19.95 1977 17.42 3.68 21.10 0.93 NA 0.14 20.03 1978 17.39 3.91 21.31 1.18 NA 0.15 19.97 1979 18.03 3.85 21.88 1.25 NA 0.17 20.47 1980 17.57 4.30 21.87 1.37 0.20 0.13 20.18 1981 17.34 4.25 21.59 1.31 0.22 0.10 19.96 1982 15.81 4.46 20.27 1.39 0.21 0.09 18.58 1983 14.15 4.51 18.66 1.46 0.22 0.09 16.88 1984 15.51 4.75 20.27 1.63 0.22 0.11 18.30 1985 14.54 5.07 19.61 1.92 0.33 0.09 17.27 1986 14.15 4.98 19.13 1.84 0.34 0.10 16.86 1987 14.81 5.33 20.14 2.21 0.38 0.12 17.43 1988 15.47 5.53 21.00 2.48 0.46 0.14 17.92 1989 15.71 5.37 21.07 2.48 0.36 0.14 18.10 1990 16.05 5.47 21.52 2.49 0.29 0.15 18.59 1991 16.02 5.73 21.75 2.77 0.28 0.17 18.53 1992 16.16 5.97 22.13 2.97 0.28 0.17 18.71 1993 16.69 6.03 22.73 3.10 0.41 0.23 18.98 1994 17.35 6.23 23.58 3.23 0.41 0.23 19.71 1995 17.28 6.46 23.74 3.57 0.39 0.28 19.51 1996 17.74 6.38 24.11 3.51 0.52 0.27 19.81 1997 17.84 6.37 24.21 3.49 0.60 0.26 19.87 1998 R17.73 6.38 R24.11 R3.43 0.62 R0.10 R19.96 1999 R17.59 R6.23 R23.82 R3.29 R0.62 R0.11 R19.80 2000 R17.72 R6.43 R24.15 R3.43 R0.62 R0.10 R20.00 R

2001 E18.03 E6.47 P24.50 P3.53 P0.47 P0.11 P20.39 P

1 Volume reduction resulting from the removal of natural gas plant liquids. Natural gas plant liquids are

transferred to petroleum supply.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. Notes: Beginning with 1965 data, all volumes are shown on a pressure base of 14.73 p.s.i.a. at 60o F. 

For prior years, the pressure base was 14.65 p.s.i.a. at 60o F. Totals may not equal sum of components

due to independent rounding.

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/natural_gas/info_glanceSources: From Gas Wells and From Oil Wells: 1949-1966—

"Natural Gas" chapter. 1967-1995—Energy Information Adminannual reports. 1996-2000—EIA, Natural Gas Annual 2000 (Noveestimates. All Other Data: 1949-1995—EIA, Natural Gas Annu

1996 forward—EIA, Natural Gas Monthly (February 2002), Table 1.
184 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 6.3 Natural Gas Imports, Exports, and Net Imports

1 Liquefied natural gas.2 Australia, Mexico, Nigeria, Oman, and Qatar. Except for Mexico, other imports are 

liquefied natural gas.

3 Pipeline and liquefied natural gas.Source: Table 6.3.

Net Imports as Share of Consumption, 1958-20

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 

05

101520

Percent

Trade Overview, 1949-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

012345

Trillion Cubic Feet Total Imports

Imports from Canada Total Exports

Exports by

Country of Destination

Imports by Country of Origin

4.

2

Trade, 2001

Canada Trinidad Algeria1 Other Canada Mexico3 Japan1

012345

3.78

0.10 0.06 0.08 0.18 0.15 0.07

Trillion Cubic Feet

and Tobago1
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 6.3 Natural Gas Imports, Exports, and Net Imports, 1949-2001 (Billion Cubic Feet, Except as Noted)

Year

Imports by Country of Origin Exports by Country of Destination 

Algeria 2 Australia 2 Canada Mexico Nigeria 2 Qatar 2

Trinidad

and Tobago 2

United Arab

Emirates 2 Total 3 Canada Japan 2 Mexico 2 Tot

1949 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (s) 0 20 2

1950 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 23 2

1951 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 21 21952 0 0 8 (s) 0 0 0 0 8 6 0 22 2

1953 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 9 6 0 22 2

1954 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 7 6 0 23 21955 0 0 11 (s) 0 0 0 0 11 11 0 20 3

1956 0 0 10 (s) 0 0 0 0 10 17 0 19 3

1957 0 0 21 17 0 0 0 0 38 31 0 11 41958 0 0 90 46 0 0 0 0 136 32 0 7 31959 0 0 83 51 0 0 0 0 134 12 0 7 11960 0 0 109 47 0 0 0 0 156 6 0 6 11961 0 0 167 52 0 0 0 0 219 6 0 5 11962 0 0 350 51 0 0 0 0 402 6 0 10 11963 0 0 356 50 0 0 0 0 406 7 0 10 11964 0 0 391 53 0 0 0 0 443 10 0 10 21965 0 0 405 52 0 0 0 0 456 18 0 8 21966 0 0 430 50 0 0 0 0 480 20 0 4 21967 0 0 513 51 0 0 0 0 564 70 0 11 81968 0 0 604 47 0 0 0 0 652 82 0 12 91969 0 0 680 47 0 0 0 0 727 35 3 13 51970 1 0 779 41 0 0 0 0 821 11 44 15 71971 1 0 912 21 0 0 0 0 935 14 50 16 81972 2 0 1,009 8 0 0 0 0 1,019 16 48 15 71973 3 0 1,028 2 0 0 0 0 1,033 15 48 14 71974 0 0 959 (s) 0 0 0 0 959 13 50 13 71975 5 0 948 0 0 0 0 0 953 10 53 9 71976 10 0 954 0 0 0 0 0 964 8 50 7 61977 11 0 997 2 0 0 0 0 1,011 (s) 52 4 51978 84 0 881 0 0 0 0 0 966 (s) 48 4 51979 253 0 1,001 0 0 0 0 0 1,253 (s) 51 4 51980 86 0 797 102 0 0 0 0 985 (s) 45 4 41981 37 0 762 105 0 0 0 0 904 (s) 56 3 51982 55 0 783 95 0 0 0 0 933 (s) 50 2 51983 131 0 712 75 0 0 0 0 918 (s) 53 2 51984 36 0 755 52 0 0 0 0 843 (s) 53 2 51985 24 0 926 0 0 0 0 0 950 (s) 53 2 51986 0 0 749 0 0 0 0 0 750 9 50 2 61987 0 0 993 0 0 0 0 0 993 3 49 2 51988 17 0 1,276 0 0 0 0 0 1,294 20 52 2 71989 42 0 1,339 0 0 0 0 0 1,382 38 51 17 101990 84 0 1,448 0 0 0 0 0 1,532 17 53 16 81991 64 0 1,710 0 0 0 0 0 1,773 15 54 60 12

1992 43 0 2,094 0 0 0 0 0 2,138 68 53 96 21

1993 82 0 2,267 2 0 0 0 0 2,350 45 56 40 141994 51 0 2,566 7 0 0 0 0 2,624 53 63 47 16

1995 18 0 2,816 7 0 0 0 0 2,841 28 65 61 15

1996 35 0 2,883 14 0 0 0 5 2,937 52 68 34 151997 66 10 2,899 17 0 0 0 2 2,994 56 62 38 15

1998 69 12 3,052 15 0 0 0 5 3,152 40 66 53 15

1999 76 12 3,368 55 0 20 51 3 3,586 39 64 61 162000 R47 R6 R3,544 R12 13 46 99 R3 R3,782 R73 R66 R106 R24

2001 P65 P2 E3,781 E8 E38 E23 E99 E0 E4,029 E178 P66 E151 E39

1 Net imports = imports minus exports. 2 Imports from Algeria, Australia, Nigeria, Qatar, Trinidad, Tobago, and United Arab Emirates, and

exports to Japan are liquefied natural gas. Exports to Mexico include a small amount of liquefied naturalgas.3 Included in the total but not shown separately are liquefied natural gas imports from Indonesia in 1986and 2000, Malaysia in 1999, and Oman in 2000 and 2001. 4 Not meaningful because there were net exports during this year.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. (s)=Less than 0.5 billion cubic feet. 

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independeWeb Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/natural_gas/info_glancSources: 1949-1954—Energy Information Administration (EIA)Natural Gas Division, unpublished data. 1955-1971—EIA, Fed

1972-1987—EIA, Form FPC-14, "Annual Report for Impor

1988-1994—EIA, Natural Gas Annual, annual reports. 199

(February 2002), Tables 5 and 6.
186 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 6.4 Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals by State and Location and Gas Well Productivity, 19

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared. Source: Table 6.4.

Gross Withdrawals in Top Producing States

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

02468

10

Trillion Cubic Feet

Gross Withdrawals by Location

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

05

10152025

Trillion Cubic Feet (Cumulative) Total

Texas

Louisiana

Oklahoma

Number of Producing Wells

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 

0

50

100150200250300350

Thousands

Average Gas Well Productivity

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 

0

150300450

Thousand Cubic Feet per Day per Well

322 

Onshore

Offshore

Peak productivitcubic feet per d
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 6.4 Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals by State and Location and Gas Well Productivity, 1960-20 (Trillion Cubic Feet, Except as Noted)

Year

State Location

Gross

Withdrawalsfrom Oil and

Gas Wells

Gas W

Texas Louisiana Oklahoma Other Onshore 2 Offshore 3

Gross

Withdrawals

from

Gas Wells

1960 6.96 3.31 1.13 3.68 14.81 0.27 15.09 10.85 1961 7.02 3.57 1.16 3.71 15.14 0.32 15.46 11.20 1962 7.20 3.85 1.22 3.76 15.59 0.45 16.04 11.70 1963 7.45 4.25 1.35 3.92 16.41 0.56 16.97 12.61 1964 7.62 4.52 1.42 3.98 16.91 0.62 17.54 13.11 1965 7.74 4.76 1.41 4.04 17.32 0.65 17.96 13.52 1966 7.93 5.37 1.50 4.23 18.03 1.01 19.03 13.89 1967 8.29 6.09 1.62 4.25 19.06 1.19 20.25 15.35 1968 8.57 6.78 1.61 4.37 19.80 1.52 21.33 16.54 1969 8.91 7.56 1.74 4.46 20.72 1.95 22.68 17.49 1970 9.40 8.08 1.81 4.50 21.37 2.42 23.79 18.59 1971 9.52 8.32 1.81 4.44 21.31 2.78 24.09 18.93 1972 9.55 8.16 1.93 4.38 20.98 3.04 24.02 19.04 1973 9.29 8.49 1.89 4.40 20.86 3.21 24.07 19.37 1974 8.86 7.92 1.76 4.31 19.34 3.51 22.85 18.67 1975 7.99 7.24 1.72 4.15 17.55 3.55 21.10 17.38 1976 7.67 7.14 1.84 4.29 17.35 3.60 20.94 17.19 1977 7.50 7.35 1.89 4.36 17.16 3.93 21.10 17.42 1978 6.99 7.64 1.89 4.79 16.95 4.36 21.31 17.39 1979 7.59 7.36 1.96 4.97 17.06 4.82 21.88 18.03 1980 7.66 7.01 2.02 5.19 16.97 4.90 21.87 17.57 1981 7.45 6.83 2.02 5.29 16.60 4.99 21.59 17.34 1982 6.98 6.22 1.99 5.09 15.50 4.77 20.27 15.81 1983 6.43 5.38 1.78 5.07 14.48 4.18 18.66 14.15 1984 6.71 5.89 2.05 5.62 15.56 4.71 20.27 15.51 1985 6.58 5.22 1.99 5.82 15.42 4.19 19.61 14.54 1986 6.66 4.96 1.97 5.54 14.95 4.19 19.13 14.15 1987 6.69 5.20 2.07 6.17 15.47 4.67 20.14 14.81 1988 6.92 5.25 2.17 6.67 16.25 4.75 21.00 15.47 1989 6.88 5.14 2.24 6.81 16.30 4.77 21.07 15.71 1990 6.91 5.30 2.26 7.05 16.48 5.05 21.52 16.05 1991 6.85 5.10 2.15 7.65 16.90 4.85 21.75 16.02 1992 6.71 4.98 2.02 8.43 17.36 4.77 22.13 16.16 1993 6.82 5.05 2.05 8.81 17.96 4.77 22.73 16.69 1994 6.91 5.23 1.93 9.51 18.58 5.00 23.58 17.35 1995 6.87 5.16 1.81 9.90 18.80 4.94 23.74 17.28 1996 7.03 5.35 1.73 10.00 18.87 5.25 24.11 17.74 1997 7.02 5.30 1.70 10.19 18.90 5.32 24.21 17.84 1998 R6.98 R5.34 R1.67 10.12 R18.92 R5.19 R24.11 R17.73 1999 R6.73 R5.33 R1.59 R10.17 R18.69 R5.13 R23.82 R17.59 

2000 R6.71 R5.13 R1.61 R10.70 R19.14 R5.02 R24.15 R17.72 

2001 E6.94 E5.37 E1.61 E10.58 E19.41 E5.09 P24.50 E18.03 

1 See Glossary. 2 Includes State offshore gross withdrawals. 3 Excludes State offshore gross withdrawals; includes Federal offshore (Outer Continental Shelf) gross

withdrawals. 4 As of December 31 each year.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/natural_gas/info_glance/natural_gas.html.Sources: Offshore (Outer Continental Shelf): 1960-1981—U.S. Geological Survey. 1982-1985—The

United States Minerals Management Service, Mineral Revenues - The 1989 Report on Receipts from

Federal and Indian Leases, and predecessor annual reports. 1

annual reports. 1996-2000—EIA, Natural Gas Annual 2000 (Noestimates. Gross Withdrawals from Oil and Gas Wells: 1960

(November 2001), Table 93. 1996 forward—EIA, Natural Gas 

Producing Wells: 1960-1966—Bureau of Mines, Natural 

1967-1995—EIA, Natural Gas Annual, annual reports. 1996-

(November 2001), Table 1. 2001—Gulf Publishing Company, Productivity: Calculated. All Other Data: 1960-1966—Bureau 

Consumption. 1967-2000—EIA, Natural Gas Annual, annual repor
188 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 6.5 Natural Gas Consumption by Sector

1 Includes combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of electricity-only plants.2 Pipeline and vehicle fuel.3 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants whose primary business is to sell 

electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

Source: Table 6.5.

End Use and Electric Power Shares, 1950 and 2001

Residential Commercial1 Industrial1 Trans

0

255075

100

21

7

59

2

21

14

38

Percent

1950 2001

By Sector, 2001

Residential Commercial1 Industrial1 Transportation2 Electric

02468

1012

4.8

3.2

8.7

0.6

5.3

Trillion Cubic Feet

By Sector, 1949-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

02468

1012

Trillion Cubic FeetIndustrial1 Residential Electric Power3

Commercial1

Transportation2

Power3 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 6.5 Natural Gas Consumption by Sector, 1949-2001 (Trillion Cubic Feet)

Year

End-Use Sectors

Electric P

Residential 

Commercial Industrial Transportation

CHP Total 3 Other 4 Total

Lease and

Plant Fuel

Other Industrial

Total

Pipeline

Fuel 7

Vehicle

Fuel Total

Electricity

CHP Only 

5 Non-CHP 6 Total

1949 0.99 8 ( ) 0.35 0.35 0.84 9 ( ) 2.25 2.25 3.08 NA NA NA 4.42 0.55 

1950 1.20 8 ( ) 0.39 0.39 0.93 9 ( ) 2.50 2.50 3.43 0.13 NA 0.13 5.14 0.63 

1951 1.47 8 ( ) 0.46 0.46 1.15 9 ( ) 2.77 2.77 3.91 0.19 NA 0.19 6.05 0.76 1952 1.62 8 ( ) 0.52 0.52 1.16 9 ( ) 2.87 2.87 4.04 0.21 NA 0.21 6.38 0.91 

1953 1.69 8 ( ) 0.53 0.53 1.13 9 ( ) 3.03 3.03 4.16 0.23 NA 0.23 6.60 1.03 

1954 1.89 8 ( ) 0.58 0.58 1.10 9 ( ) 3.07 3.07 4.17 0.23 NA 0.23 6.88 1.17 1955 2.12 8 ( ) 0.63 0.63 1.13 9 ( ) 3.41 3.41 4.54 0.25 NA 0.25 7.54 1.15 

1956 2.33 8 ( ) 0.72 0.72 1.00 9 ( ) 3.71 3.71 4.71 0.30 NA 0.30 8.05 1.24 

1957 2.50 8 ( ) 0.78 0.78 1.05 9 ( ) 3.89 3.89 4.93 0.30 NA 0.30 8.51 1.34 1958 2.71 8 ( ) 0.87 0.87 1.15 9 ( ) 3.89 3.89 5.03 0.31 NA 0.31 8.93 1.37 

1959 2.91 8 ( ) 0.98 0.98 1.24 9 ( ) 4.22 4.22 5.46 0.35 NA 0.35 9.69 1.63 

1960 3.10 8 ( ) 1.02 1.02 1.24 9 ( ) 4.53 4.53 5.77 0.35 NA 0.35 10.24 1.72 1961 3.25 8 ( ) 1.08 1.08 1.29 9 ( ) 4.67 4.67 5.96 0.38 NA 0.38 10.66 1.83 

1962 3.48 8 ( ) 1.21 1.21 1.37 9 ( ) 4.86 4.86 6.23 0.38 NA 0.38 11.30 1.97 

1963 3.59 8 ( ) 1.27 1.27 1.41 9 ( ) 5.13 5.13 6.55 0.42 NA 0.42 11.83 2.14 1964 3.79 8 ( ) 1.37 1.37 1.37 9 ( ) 5.52 5.52 6.89 0.44 NA 0.44 12.49 2.32 

1965 3.90 8 ( ) 1.44 1.44 1.16 9 ( ) 5.96 5.96 7.11 0.50 NA 0.50 12.96 2.32 

1966 4.14 8 ( ) 1.62 1.62 1.03 9 ( ) 6.51 6.51 7.55 0.54 NA 0.54 13.84 2.61 1967 4.31 8 ( ) 1.96 1.96 1.14 9 ( ) 6.65 6.65 7.79 0.58 NA 0.58 14.64 2.75 

1968 4.45 8 ( ) 2.08 2.08 1.24 9 ( ) 7.13 7.13 8.37 0.59 NA 0.59 15.48 3.15 

1969 4.73 8 ( ) 2.25 2.25 1.35 9 ( ) 7.61 7.61 8.96 0.63 NA 0.63 16.57 3.49 1970 4.84 8 ( ) 2.40 2.40 1.40 9 ( ) 7.85 7.85 9.25 0.72 NA 0.72 17.21 3.93 

1971 4.97 8 ( ) 2.51 2.51 1.41 9 ( ) 8.18 8.18 9.59 0.74 NA 0.74 17.82 3.98 

1972 5.13 8 ( ) 2.61 2.61 1.46 9 ( ) 8.17 8.17 9.62 0.77 NA 0.77 18.12 3.98 1973 4.88 8 ( ) 2.60 2.60 1.50 9 ( ) 8.69 8.69 10.18 0.73 NA 0.73 18.39 3.66 

1974 4.79 8 ( ) 2.56 2.56 1.48 9 ( ) 8.29 8.29 9.77 0.67 NA 0.67 17.78 3.44 

1975 4.92 8 ( ) 2.51 2.51 1.40 9 ( ) 6.97 6.97 8.36 0.58 NA 0.58 16.38 3.16 1976 5.05 8 ( ) 2.67 2.67 1.63 9 ( ) 6.96 6.96 8.60 0.55 NA 0.55 16.87 3.08 

1977 4.82 8 ( ) 2.50 2.50 1.66 9 ( ) 6.82 6.82 8.47 0.53 NA 0.53 16.33 3.19 

1978 4.90 8 ( ) 2.60 2.60 1.65 9 ( ) 6.76 6.76 8.40 0.53 NA 0.53 16.44 3.19 1979 4.97 8 ( ) 2.79 2.79 1.50 9 ( ) 6.90 6.90 8.40 0.60 NA 0.60 16.75 3.49 

1980 4.75 8 ( ) 2.61 2.61 1.03 9 ( ) 7.17 7.17 8.20 0.63 NA 0.63 16.20 3.68 

1981 4.55 8 ( ) 2.52 2.52 0.93 9 ( ) 7.13 7.13 8.06 0.64 NA 0.64 15.76 3.64 1982 4.63 8 ( ) 2.61 2.61 1.11 9 ( ) 5.83 5.83 6.94 0.60 NA 0.60 14.78 3.23 

1983 4.38 8 ( ) 2.43 2.43 0.98 9 ( ) 5.64 5.64 6.62 0.49 NA 0.49 13.92 2.91 

1984 4.56 8 ( ) 2.52 2.52 1.08 9 ( ) 6.15 6.15 7.23 0.53 NA 0.53 14.84 3.11 1985 4.43 8 ( ) 2.43 2.43 0.97 9 ( ) 5.90 5.90 6.87 0.50 NA 0.50 14.24 3.04 

1986 4.31 8 ( ) 2.32 2.32 0.92 9 ( ) 5.58 5.58 6.50 0.49 NA 0.49 13.62 2.60 

1987 4.31 8 ( ) 2.43 2.43 1.15 9 ( ) 5.95 5.95 7.10 0.52 NA 0.52 14.37 2.84 1988 4.63 8 ( ) 2.67 2.67 1.10 9 ( ) 6.38 6.38 7.48 0.61 NA 0.61 15.39 2.64 

1989 4.78 P0.03 2.69 2.72 1.07 P0.91 115.90 116.82 7.89 0.63 NA 0.63 16.01 2,11,P2.79 10,11

1990 4.39 P0.04 2.58 2.62 1.24 P0.98 116.03 117.02 8.25 0.66 (s) 0.66 15.93 11,P2.79 10,111991 4.56 P0.05 2.68 2.73 1.13 P1.06 116.17 117.23 8.36 0.60 (s) 0.60 16.25 11,P2.82 10,11

1992 4.69 P0.06 2.74 2.80 1.17 P1.11 116.42 117.53 8.70 0.59 (s) 0.59 16.78 11,P2.83 10,11

1993 4.96 P0.07 2.80 2.86 1.17 P1.12 6.58 R7.70 R8.87 0.62 (s) 0.63 R17.32 P2.76 101994 4.85 P0.07 2.82 2.90 1.12 P1.18 6.61 R7.79 R8.91 0.69 (s) 0.69 R17.34 P3.06 10

1995 4.85 P0.08 2.95 3.03 1.22 P1.26 6.90 R8.16 R9.38 0.70 (s) 0.70 R17.97 P3.29 10

1996 5.24 P0.08 3.08 3.16 1.25 P1.29 7.15 R8.44 R9.69 0.71 R0.01 R0.72 R18.80 P2.82 101997 4.98 P0.09 3.13 3.21 1.20 P1.28 7.23 R8.51 R9.71 0.75 R0.01 0.76 R18.67 P3.04 10

1998 4.52 P0.09 2.91 3.00 R1.17 P1.35 6.97 R8.32 R9.49 0.64 0.01 0.64 R17.66 P3.54 10

1999 4.73 P0.08 2.96 3.04 1.08 P1.40 6.68 R8.08 R9.16 R0.65 0.01 R0.66 R17.58 P3.73 102000 R4.99 P0.08 3.13 R3.22 R1.13 P1.39 6.87 R8.25 R9.38 R0.64 0.01 R0.66 R18.25 P4.09 10

2001 4.81 E0.08 3.17 3.25 1.16 E1.35 6.18 7.53 8.69 0.61 0.01 0.63 17.37 P4.08 10

1 The electric power sector (electric utilities and independent power producers) comprises electricity-only

and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity andheat, to the public—i.e., NAICS 22 plants. 2 Through 1988, data are for consumption at electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data also includeconsumption at independent power producers. 3 Commercial combined-heat-and-power and a small number of commercial electricity-only plants. 4 All commercial sector fuel use other than that in "Commercial CHP." 5 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of industrial electricity-only plants. 6 All industrial sector fuel use other than that in "Lease and Plant Fuel" and "Industrial CHP."

7 Natural gas consumed in the operation of pipelines, primarily in c8 Included in "Commercial Other." 9 Included in "Industrial Non-CHP."

10 Electric utility CHP plants are included in "Electricity Only." 11 For 1989-1992, a small amount of consumption at independen

both "Other Industrial" and "Electric Power Sector." See Note 3 at end 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. (s)=LNotes, Web Page, and Sources: See end of section.
190 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 6.6 Natural Gas in Underground Storage, 1954-2001

Notes: Storage is at end of year. Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be 

compared. Working- and base-gas component data were not collected in 1959, 1960, and 1961.

Sources: Tables 6.5 and 6.6.

Total

1954 1959 1964 1969 1974 1979 1984 1989 1994 

02468

Trillion Cubic Feet (Cumulative)

Base Gas and Working Gas

1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

012345

Trillion Cubic Feet

Base Gas

Working Gas

End-of-Year Storage as a Share of Total Consumption

1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 

0

1020304050

Percent

Peak

40% in 1

Working Gas

Base Gas
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 6.6 Natural Gas in Underground Storage, 1954-2001 (Billion Cubic Feet)

Year

Base Gas 1 Working Gas 

Traditonal

Storage

Salt

Caverns Total

Traditonal

Storage

Salt

Caverns Total

Traditonal

Storage

1954 NA NA 817 NA NA 465 NA 1955 NA NA 863 NA NA 505 NA 1956 NA NA 919 NA NA 583 NA 1957 NA NA 1,001 NA NA 673 NA 1958 NA NA 1,056 NA NA 708 NA 1959 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1960 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1961 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1962 NA NA 1,571 NA NA 933 NA 1963 NA NA 1,738 NA NA 1,007 NA 1964 NA NA 1,781 NA NA 1,159 NA 1965 NA NA 1,848 NA NA 1,242 NA 1966 NA NA 1,958 NA NA 1,267 NA 1967 NA NA 2,058 NA NA 1,318 NA 1968 NA NA 2,128 NA NA 1,366 NA 1969 NA NA 2,181 NA NA 1,421 NA 1970 NA NA 2,326 NA NA 1,678 NA 1971 NA NA 2,485 NA NA 1,840 NA 1972 NA NA 2,751 NA NA 1,729 NA 1973 NA NA 2,864 NA NA 2,034 NA 1974 NA NA 2,912 NA NA 2,050 NA 1975 NA NA 3,162 NA NA 2,212 NA 1976 NA NA 3,323 NA NA 1,926 NA 1977 NA NA 3,391 NA NA 2,475 NA 1978 NA NA 3,473 NA NA 2,547 NA 1979 NA NA 3,553 NA NA 2,753 NA 1980 NA NA 3,642 NA NA 2,655 NA 1981 NA NA 3,752 NA NA 2,817 NA 1982 NA NA 3,808 NA NA 3,071 NA 1983 NA NA 3,847 NA NA 2,595 NA 1984 NA NA 3,830 NA NA 2,876 NA 1985 NA NA 3,842 NA NA 2,607 NA 1986 NA NA 3,819 NA NA 2,749 NA 1987 NA NA 3,792 NA NA 2,756 NA 1988 NA NA 3,800 NA NA 2,850 NA 1989 NA NA 3,812 NA NA 2,513 NA 1990 NA NA 3,868 NA NA 3,068 NA 1991 NA NA 3,954 NA NA 2,824 NA 1992 NA NA 4,044 NA NA 2,597 NA 1993 NA NA 4,327 NA NA 2,322 NA 1994 4,317 44 4,360 2,536 70 2,606 6,853 1995 4,290 60 4,349 2,082 72 2,153 6,371 1996 4,277 64 4,341 2,087 85 2,173 6,364 1997 4,283 67 4,350 2,092 83 2,175 6,375 1998 4,259 67 4,326 2,626 104 2,730 6,884 1999 4,314 69 4,383 2,423 100 2,523 6,738 2000E R4,282 70 R4,352 R1,647 R72 R1,719 R5,929 2001E 4,232 71 4,304 2,793 110 2,903 7,025 

1 Includes native gas.

R=Revised. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. Notes: Storage is at end of year. Beginning with 1965, all volumes are shown on a pressure base of

14.73 p.s.i.a. at 60 degrees F. For prior years, the pressure base was 14.65 p.s.i.a. at 60 degrees F. 

Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/natural_gas/info_glance/natural_gas.html.

Sources: 1954-1974—American Gas Association, Gas Fa

Administration, Form FEA-G318-M-O, "Underground Gas StoCommission, Form FPC-8, "Underground Gas Storage Report." 

"Underground Gas Storage Report" and Federal Energy Reg"Underground Gas Storage Report." 1985-1994—EIA, Natural G

forward—EIA, Natural Gas Monthly, (March 2002), Tables 9, 11, and 
192 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

1 Nominal dollars.2 In chained (1996) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price 

deflators. See Table E1.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be cSource: Table 6.7.

Figure 6.7 Natural Gas Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports Prices

Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports, 1949-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 

02468

Dollars1 per Thousand Cubic Feet

Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports, 2001

Wellhead City Gate Imports

02468

4.12

5.83

4.95

Dollars1 per Thousand Cubic Feet Imports Wel

Imports, 1972-2001

1975 1980 1985 1990 

02468

Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet

Wellhead, 1949-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

012345

Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet Real2Nominal Real2 Nominal
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 6.7 Natural Gas Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports Prices, 1949-2001 (Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet)

Year

Wellhead 1 City Gate I

Nominal Real 2 Nominal Real 2 Nominal 

1949 0.06 0.35 NA NA NA 1950 0.07 0.40 NA NA NA 1951 0.07 0.37 NA NA NA 1952 0.08 0.42 NA NA NA 1953 0.09 0.47 NA NA NA 1954 0.10 0.51 NA NA NA 1955 0.10 0.51 NA NA NA 1956 0.11 0.54 NA NA NA 1957 0.11 0.52 NA NA NA 1958 0.12 0.55 NA NA NA 1959 0.13 0.59 NA NA NA 1960 0.14 0.63 NA NA NA 1961 0.15 0.67 NA NA NA 1962 0.16 0.70 NA NA NA 1963 0.16 0.70 NA NA NA 1964 0.15 0.64 NA NA NA 1965 0.16 0.67 NA NA NA 1966 0.16 0.65 NA NA NA 1967 0.16 0.63 NA NA NA 1968 0.16 0.61 NA NA NA 1969 0.17 0.62 NA NA NA 1970 0.17 0.58 NA NA NA 1971 0.18 0.59 NA NA NA 1972 0.19 0.60 NA NA 0.31 1973 0.22 0.65 NA NA 0.35 1974 0.30 0.82 NA NA 0.55 1975 0.44 1.10 NA NA 1.21 1976 0.58 1.37 NA NA 1.72 1977 0.79 1.75 NA NA 1.98 1978 0.91 1.89 NA NA 2.13 1979 1.18 2.26 NA NA 2.49 1980 1.59 2.79 NA NA 4.28 1981 1.98 3.17 NA NA 4.88 1982 2.46 3.71 NA NA 5.03 1983 2.59 3.76 NA NA 4.78 1984 2.66 3.72 3.95 5.53 4.08 1985 2.51 3.41 3.75 5.09 3.21 1986 1.94 2.58 3.22 4.28 2.43 1987 1.67 2.15 2.87 3.70 1.95 1988 1.69 2.11 2.92 3.64 1.84 1989 1.69 2.03 3.01 3.61 1.82 1990 1.71 1.98 3.03 3.50 1.94 1991 1.64 1.83 2.90 3.23 1.83 1992 1.74 1.89 3.01 3.28 1.85 1993 2.04 2.17 3.21 3.41 2.03 1994 1.85 1.93 3.07 3.20 1.87 1995 1.55 1.58 2.78 2.83 1.49 1996 2.17 2.17 3.34 3.34 1.97 1997 2.32 2.28 3.66 3.59 2.17 1998 R1.96 R1.90 3.07 2.97 1.97 1999 R2.19 R2.09 R3.10 R2.96 2.24 2000 R3.69 R3.45 R4.62 R4.32 R3.95 

2001 E4.12 E3.77 5.83 5.33 E4.95 

1 See Glossary for definition of Natural Gas Wellhead Price. 2 In chained (1996) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See

Appendix Table E1.

R=Revised. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/natural_gas/info_glance/natural_gas.html.Sources: Wellhead: 1949-1994—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Natural Gas Annual 2000

(November 2001), Table 96. 1995 forward—EIA, Natural Gas Monthly (March 2002), Table 4.

City Gate: 1984-1994—EIA, Natural Gas Annual 2000 (No

forward—EIA, Natural Gas Monthly (March 2002), Table 4. Import

Commission (FPC), Pipeline Imports and Exports of Natural G

1974-1976—FPC, United States Imports and Exports 

1977-1994—EIA, Natural Gas Annual, annual reports. 199

(March 2002), Table 5. 
194 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

 Based on 92.1 percent of volume delivered. Based on 62.4 percent of volume delivered.  Based on 16.5 percent of volume delivered.

 Based on all steam-electric utility plants with a combined 

greater.

 In chained (1996) dollars, calculated by using gross dom

deflators. See Table E1.

Source: Table 6.8.

Figure 6.8 Natural Gas Prices by Sector

Real Prices, 1967-2001

1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1

02468

10

Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet

Nominal Prices, 2001

Residential Commercial Industrial Electric

02468

10 9.96

8.29

4.97 4.69

Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet

Residential

Industrial

5

Commercial

4

Utilities

1

5

5

3

2

1

Real Prices, Indexed, 1980-2001

1980 1985 1990 

0.000.501.001.502.00

Index: 1980=1.00

2

3 4

Electric Utilities 4
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 6.8 Natural Gas Prices by Sector, 1967-2001 (Price: Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet; Share of Total Volume Delivered: Percentage)

Year

Residential Commercial 1 Industrial 2 Vehicle Fuel 3 

Prices Share

of TotalVolume

Delivered

Prices Share

of TotalVolume

Delivered

Prices Share

of TotalVolume

Delivered

Prices Sh

of TVol

Deliv

Nominal Real 5 Nominal Real 5 Nominal Real 5 Nominal Real 5 

1967 1.04 4.13 NA 0.74 2.94 NA 0.34 1.35 NA NA NA N1968 1.04 3.95 NA 0.73 2.78 NA 0.34 1.29 NA NA NA N1969 1.05 3.81 NA 0.74 2.68 NA 0.35 1.27 NA NA NA N1970 1.09 3.75 NA 0.77 2.65 NA 0.37 1.27 NA NA NA N1971 1.15 3.77 NA 0.82 2.69 NA 0.41 1.34 NA NA NA N1972 1.21 3.80 NA 0.88 2.77 NA 0.45 1.41 NA NA NA N1973 1.29 3.84 NA 0.94 2.80 NA 0.50 1.49 NA NA NA N1974 1.43 3.90 NA 1.07 2.92 NA 0.67 1.83 NA NA NA N1975 1.71 4.27 NA 1.35 3.37 NA 0.96 2.40 NA NA NA N1976 1.98 4.68 NA 1.64 3.88 NA 1.24 2.93 NA NA NA N1977 2.35 5.22 NA 2.04 4.53 NA 1.50 3.33 NA NA NA N1978 2.56 5.31 NA 2.23 4.62 NA 1.70 3.52 NA NA NA N1979 2.98 5.70 NA 2.73 5.22 NA 1.99 3.81 NA NA NA N1980 3.68 6.45 NA 3.39 5.94 NA 2.56 4.49 NA NA NA N1981 4.29 6.88 NA 4.00 6.41 NA 3.14 5.03 NA NA NA N1982 5.17 7.80 NA 4.82 7.28 NA 3.87 5.84 85.1 NA NA N1983 6.06 8.80 NA 5.59 8.12 NA 4.18 6.07 80.7 NA NA N1984 6.12 8.57 NA 5.55 7.77 NA 4.22 5.91 74.7 NA NA N1985 6.12 8.31 NA 5.50 7.46 NA 3.95 5.36 68.8 NA NA N1986 5.83 7.74 NA 5.08 6.75 NA 3.23 4.29 59.8 NA NA N1987 5.54 7.14 NA 4.77 6.15 93.1 2.94 3.79 47.4 NA NA N1988 5.47 6.82 NA 4.63 5.77 90.7 2.95 3.68 42.6 NA NA N1989 5.64 6.77 99.9 4.74 5.69 89.1 2.96 3.55 36.9 NA NA N1990 5.80 6.70 99.3 4.83 5.58 86.6 2.93 3.39 35.2 3.39 3.92 N1991 5.82 6.49 99.2 4.81 5.36 85.1 2.69 3.00 32.7 3.96 4.42 N1992 5.89 6.41 99.1 4.88 5.31 83.2 2.84 3.09 30.3 4.05 4.41 N1993 6.16 6.55 99.1 5.22 5.55 83.9 3.07 3.26 29.7 4.27 4.54 871994 6.41 6.68 99.1 5.44 5.67 79.3 3.05 3.18 25.5 4.11 4.28 861995 6.06 6.18 99.1 5.05 5.15 76.7 2.71 2.76 24.5 3.98 4.06 861996 6.34 6.34 99.1 5.40 5.40 77.6 3.42 3.42 19.4 4.34 4.34 941997 6.94 6.81 98.8 5.80 5.69 70.8 3.59 3.52 18.1 4.44 4.36 891998 6.82 6.61 97.7 5.48 5.31 67.0 3.14 3.04 16.1 4.59 4.45 851999 6.69 6.39 95.2 5.33 5.09 66.2 3.10 2.96 17.4 4.34 R4.15 852000 R7.76 R7.25 92.5 R6.59 R6.16 R62.9 R4.48 R4.19 R18.1 R5.54 R5.18 R72

2001 P9.96 P9.11 E92.1 P8.29 P7.58 E62.4 P4.97 P4.54 E16.5 NA NA N

1 Includes deliveries to municipalities and public authorities for institutional heating and other purposes. 2 Most volumes and associated revenues for deliveries to nonutility power producers are included in the

industrial sector. In instances where the nonutility is primarily a commercial establishment, volumes andassociated revenues are included in the calculation of commercial prices. 3 Much of the natural gas delivered for vehicle fuel represents deliveries to fueling stations that are usedprimarily or exclusively by respondents’ fleet vehicles. Thus, the prices are often those associated with theoperation of fleet vehicles. 4 Based on all steam-electric utility plants with a combined capacity of 50 megawatts or greater. 5 In chained (1996) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. SeeTable E1.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. 

Notes: Natural gas includes supplemental gaseous fuels. 

price data represent prices of natural gas sold and delivered by locacommercial, and industrial consumers, respectively. The data dtransported for the account of others. The average for each end-total value of the gas consumed by each sector by the total quasection.

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/natural_gas/info_glancSources: Vehicle Fuel: 1990-2000—Energy Information Adm

annual reports. All Other Data: 1967-1994—EIA, Natural G

forward—EIA, Natural Gas Monthly (March 2002), Table 4.
Natural Gas

Table 6.5 Notes

1. See Table 8.3a for the amount of natural gas used to produce electricity

and Table 8.3d for the amount of natural gas used to produce useful thermal output at combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants. See Appendix G

for the “Classification of Power Plants into Energy-Use Sectors,” and Appendix H, “Estimating and Presenting Power Sector Fuel Use in EIA Publications and Analyses,” for a description of revised electric power statisticsin this report.2. Natural gas consumption statistics are compiled from surveys of naturalgas production, transmission, and distribution companies and from surveysof electric power generation. Consumption by sector from these surveys iscompiled on a national and individual State basis and then balanced withnational and individual State supply data. Included in the data are the following: Residential Sector–Consumption by private households for space

heating, cooking, and other household uses; Commercial Sector–Consumption by nonmanufacturing establishments, by municipalities for institutional heating and lighting, and those engaged in agriculture, forestry,

and fishing (through 1995). The commercial sector includes generatorsthat produce electricity and/or useful thermal output primarily to supportthe activities of the above-mentioned commercial establishments; Industrial Sector–Consumption by establishments engaged primarily in processing unfinished materials into another form of product (includes mining,petroleum refining, manufacturing, and agriculture, forestry, and fishing(beginning in 1996), and natural gas industry use for lease and plant fuel).The industrial sector includes generators that produce electricity and/or useful thermal output primarily to support the above-mentioned industrial activities; Transportation Sector–Natural gas transmission (pipeline) fuel,

and natural gas delivered for use as vehicle fuel; and Electric Power Sector (electric utilities and independent power producers)–Consumption

for electricity generation and useful thermal output at electricity-only andCHP plants whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity andheat, to the public—i.e., NAICS 22 plants.3. Prior to 1993, deliveries to nonutility generators were not separatelycollected from natural gas companies on Form EIA-176, “Annual Reportof Natural and Supplemental Gas Supply and Disposition.” As a result, for1989 through 1992, those volumes are probably included in both the industrial and electric power sectors and double-counted in total consumption.

In 1993, 0.28 trillion cubic feet was reported generators.4. Beginning with 1965, all volumes are sh14.73 p.s.i.a. at 60° F. For prior years, the presat 60° F.5. Totals may not equal sum of components duTable 6.5 Web Pagehttp://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas_/naturaral_gas.html.Table 6.5 SourcesResidential, Commercial Total, and Lease a

Pipeline Fuel 1950-2000; Other Industrial Ttion 1949-1992: Energy Information AdminisAnnual 2000 (November 2001), Table 95.Residential, Commercial Total, Pipeline FuTotal 1993-2001: EIA, Form EIA-176, “Annand Supplemental Gas Supply and Dispositio2001: EIA, Natural Gas Monthly (May 2002), 

CHP and Electric Power Sector: Tables 

1990-1991—EIA, Natural Gas Annual 2000 (N

1992-1995—Science Applications InternationaTransportation Fuels and Vehicles Data Develreport prepared for EIA (McLean, VA, July 19Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency a1996-2001—EIA, Office of Coal, Nuclear, ElecAll Other Data: Calculated.

196 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001
Coal yard, Curtis Bay, Maryland. Source: U.S. Department of Energy.

Coal

7

Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Diagram 4. Coal Flow, 2001

(Million Short Tons)

Notes: Data are preliminary. Totalsmaynotequal sumofcomponentsdue to

independentrounding.

Sources: Tables 7.1, 7.2, and 7.3.

 

Underground

378.3

Production

1,121.3

Exports

48.7

Imports

19.8

Surface

743.0

Bituminous

Coal

620.2

Subbituminous

Coal 413.3

Anthracite

3.9

a

Stock

Change

30.7

Waste

Coal

9.3

Lignite 83.9

Residential

0.5

In

C

Consumption

1,060.3

Losses and

Unaccounted for

10.8
200 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Sources: Tables 5.1, 6.1, and 7.1.

Figure 7.1 Coal Overview

Production as Share of Consumption by Type of Foss

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1

0

255075

100125

Percent

Overview, 1949-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

250500750

1,0001,250

Million Short Tons

Natura

Petroleum

Production

 Consumption 

Exports 

Overview, 2001

Production Imports Exports Consumption

0

250500750

1,0001,250

1,121

20 49

1,060

Million Short Tons
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 7.1 Coal Overview, 1949-2001 (Million Short Tons)

Year Production Imports Exports Stock Change 1 Waste Coal 2

Losses and

Unaccounted fo

1949 480.6 0.3 32.8 4 ( ) NA 5-35.1 

1950 560.4 0.4 29.4 4 ( ) NA 59.5 

1951 576.3 0.3 62.7 4 ( ) NA 53.5 1952 507.4 0.3 52.2 4 ( ) NA 50.8 

1953 488.2 0.3 36.5 4 ( ) NA 5-6.9 

1954 420.8 0.2 33.9 4 ( ) NA 58.1 1955 490.8 0.3 54.4 4 ( ) NA 5-6.3 

1956 529.8 0.4 73.8 4 ( ) NA 5-10.2 

1957 518.0 0.4 80.8 4 ( ) NA 50.8 1958 431.6 0.3 52.6 4 ( ) NA 5-1.3 

1959 432.7 0.4 39.0 4 ( ) NA 59.2 

1960 434.3 0.3 38.0 4 ( ) NA 51.7 1961 420.4 0.2 36.4 4 ( ) NA 5-4.0 

1962 439.0 0.2 40.2 4 ( ) NA 5-1.5 

1963 477.2 0.3 50.4 4 ( ) NA 53.3 1964 504.2 0.3 49.5 4 ( ) NA 54.0 

1965 527.0 0.2 51.0 4 ( ) NA 52.2 

1966 546.8 0.2 50.1 4 ( ) NA 52.2 1967 564.9 0.2 50.1 4 ( ) NA 54.6 

1968 556.7 0.2 51.2 4 ( ) NA 53.5 

1969 571.0 0.1 56.9 4 ( ) NA 52.9 1970 612.7 (s) 71.7 4 ( ) NA 56.6 

1971 560.9 0.1 57.3 4 ( ) NA 54.2 

1972 602.5 (s) 56.7 4 ( ) NA 5-4.3 1973 598.6 0.1 53.6 4 ( ) NA 5-17.9 

1974 610.0 2.1 60.7 -8.9 NA 2.0 

1975 654.6 0.9 66.3 32.2 NA -5.5 1976 684.9 1.2 60.0 8.5 NA 13.8 1977 697.2 1.6 54.3 22.6 NA -3.4 1978 670.2 3.0 40.7 -4.9 NA 12.1 1979 781.1 2.1 66.0 36.2 NA 0.4 1980 829.7 1.2 91.7 25.6 NA 10.8 1981 823.8 1.0 112.5 -19.0 NA -1.4 1982 838.1 0.7 106.3 22.6 NA 3.1 1983 782.1 1.3 77.8 -29.5 NA -1.6 1984 895.9 1.3 81.5 28.7 NA -4.3 1985 883.6 2.0 92.7 -27.9 NA 2.8 1986 890.3 2.2 85.5 4.0 NA -1.2 1987 918.8 1.7 79.6 6.5 NA -2.5 1988 950.3 2.1 95.0 -24.9 NA -1.3 1989 980.7 2.9 100.8 -13.7 P1.4 R2.9 1990 1,029.1 2.7 105.8 26.5 P2.1 R-1.4 1991 996.0 3.4 109.0 -0.9 P4.0 R-3.9 

1992 997.5 3.8 102.5 -3.0 P6.3 R0.5 

1993 945.4 8.2 74.5 -51.9 P8.1 R-4.9 1994 1,033.5 8.9 71.4 23.6 P8.2 R4.3 

1995 1,033.0 9.5 88.5 -0.3 P8.6 R0.6 

1996 1,063.9 8.1 90.5 -17.5 P8.8 R1.4 1997 1,089.9 7.5 83.5 -11.3 P8.1 R3.7 

1998 1,117.5 8.7 78.0 24.2 P8.7 R-4.4 

1999 1,100.4 9.1 58.5 R18.9 P8.7 R2.2 2000 R1,073.6 12.5 58.5 R-43.5 P9.1 R-3.9 

2001 1,121.3 19.8 48.7 30.7 E9.3 10.8 

1 A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks; a positive value indicates an increase. 2 Waste coal (including anthracite culm, bituminous gob, fine coal, and lignite waste) consumed by

independent power producers. This amount is included here as a supply-side item to balance the sameamount of waste coal included in "Consumption." 3 "Losses and Unaccounted for" is calculated as the sum of production, imports, and waste coal, minusexports, stock change, and consumption. 4 Included in "Losses and Unaccounted for." 5 Includes stock change.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 million short tons. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelcoal.html.

Sources: Imports: 1949-forward—Department of Commerce 

"Monthly Report IM145." Waste Coal: 1989-2000—Energy In

EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator Report-Nonutility" and pred

EIA-906, "Power Plant Report." All Other Data: 1949-1975—

"Coal-Bituminous and Lignite" and "Coal-Pennsylvania Anthracite" cReport, Coal-Bituminous and Lignite in 1976 and Coal-Pennsylv1978—EIA, Energy Data Reports, Bituminous Coal and Lignite P1978 and Coal-Pennsylvania Anthracite 1977; 1978. 1979 and 19

Coal Report. 1981-1988—EIA, Weekly Coal Production and Coaforward—Tables 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5 of this report. 
202 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 7.2 Coal Production, 1949-2001

1 Included with bituminous coal prior to 1969.Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared.

Source: Table 7.2.

Total

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

300600900

1,200

Million Short Tons

By Mining Method

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

200400600800

Million Short TonsSurfaceUnderground

By Rank

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 

0

200400600800

Million Short Tons

Bituminous

Coal

Anthracite

Subbi

C

By Location

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 

0

200400600800

Million Short Tons

West of Mississippi

East of Mississippi

1.1 billion short tons

in 2001
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 7.2 Coal Production, 1949-2001 (Million Short Tons)

Year

Rank Mining Method Location

Bituminous

Coal

Subbituminous

Coal Lignite Anthracite Underground Surface

West of the 

Mississippi

EM

1949 437.9 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 42.7 358.9 121.7 36.4 

1950 516.3 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 44.1 421.0 139.4 36.0 

1951 533.7 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 42.7 442.2 134.2 34.6 1952 466.8 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 40.6 381.2 126.3 32.7 

1953 457.3 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 30.9 367.4 120.8 30.6 

1954 391.7 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 29.1 306.0 114.8 25.4 1955 464.6 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 26.2 358.0 132.9 26.6 

1956 500.9 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 28.9 380.8 148.9 25.8 

1957 492.7 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 25.3 373.6 144.5 24.7 1958 410.4 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 21.2 297.6 134.0 20.3 

1959 412.0 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 20.6 292.8 139.8 20.3 

1960 415.5 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 18.8 292.6 141.7 21.3 1961 403.0 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 17.4 279.6 140.9 21.8 

1962 422.1 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 16.9 287.9 151.1 21.4 

1963 458.9 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 18.3 309.0 168.2 23.7 1964 487.0 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 17.2 327.7 176.5 25.7 

1965 512.1 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 14.9 338.0 189.0 27.4 

1966 533.9 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 12.9 342.6 204.2 28.0 1967 552.6 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 12.3 352.4 212.5 28.9 

1968 545.2 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 11.5 346.6 210.1 29.7 

1969 547.2 8.3 5.0 10.5 349.2 221.7 33.3 1970 578.5 16.4 8.0 9.7 340.5 272.1 44.9 1971 521.3 22.2 8.7 8.7 277.2 283.7 51.0 1972 556.8 27.5 11.0 7.1 305.0 297.4 64.3 1973 543.5 33.9 14.3 6.8 300.1 298.5 76.4 1974 545.7 42.2 15.5 6.6 278.0 332.1 91.9 1975 577.5 51.1 19.8 6.2 293.5 361.2 110.9 1976 588.4 64.8 25.5 6.2 295.5 389.4 136.1 1977 581.0 82.1 28.2 5.9 266.6 430.6 163.9 1978 534.0 96.8 34.4 5.0 242.8 427.4 183.0 1979 612.3 121.5 42.5 4.8 320.9 460.2 221.4 1980 628.8 147.7 47.2 6.1 337.5 492.2 251.0 1981 608.0 159.7 50.7 5.4 316.5 507.3 269.9 1982 620.2 160.9 52.4 4.6 339.2 499.0 273.9 1983 568.6 151.0 58.3 4.1 300.4 481.7 274.7 1984 649.5 179.2 63.1 4.2 352.1 543.9 308.3 1985 613.9 192.7 72.4 4.7 350.8 532.8 324.9 1986 620.1 189.6 76.4 4.3 360.4 529.9 325.9 1987 636.6 200.2 78.4 3.6 372.9 545.9 336.8 1988 638.1 223.5 85.1 3.6 382.2 568.1 370.7 1989 659.8 231.2 86.4 3.3 393.8 586.9 381.7 1990 693.2 244.3 88.1 3.5 424.5 604.5 398.9 1991 650.7 255.3 86.5 3.4 407.2 588.8 404.7 1992 651.8 252.2 90.1 3.5 407.2 590.3 409.0 1993 576.7 274.9 89.5 4.3 351.1 594.4 429.2 1994 640.3 300.5 88.1 4.6 399.1 634.4 467.2 1995 613.8 328.0 86.5 4.7 396.2 636.7 488.7 1996 630.7 340.3 88.1 4.8 409.8 654.0 500.2 1997 653.8 345.1 86.3 4.7 420.7 669.3 510.6 1998 R640.6 R385.9 85.8 5.3 417.7 699.8 547.0 1999 R601.7 R406.7 87.2 4.8 391.8 708.6 R570.8 2000 R574.3 R409.2 R85.6 R4.6 R373.7 R700.0 R566.1 

2001 E620.2 E413.3 E83.9 E3.9 E378.3 E743.0 E595.6 

1 Included in bituminous coal.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelcoal.html.Sources: 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, "Coal-Bituminous and Lignite" and

"Coal-Pennsylvania Anthracite" chapters. 1976—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data

Report, Coal-Bituminous and Lignite in 1976 and Coal-Pennsylvania Anthracite 1976. 1977 and

1978—EIA, Energy Data Report, Bituminous Coal and Lignite ProduCoal-Pennsylvania Anthracite 1977; 1978, and Coal Production, an

Energy Data Report, Weekly Coal Report and Coal Production, annuCoal Production and Coal Production, annual reports. 1989-200

reports. Rank, Mining Method, Location: 2001—EIA estimates

Report October-December (May 2002). 
204 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Sector Shares, 1949 and 2001

Residential Commercial1 Industrial1 Transpo

0

255075

100

11 13

44

15 

0

8

Percent

1949 2001

By Sector, 1949-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

200400600800

1,000

Million Short Tons

By Sector, 2001

Residential Commercial1 Industrial1 Electric Power3

0

200400600800

1,000

4

89

967

Million Short Tons

1 Includes combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of electricity-only plants.2 For 1978 forward, small amounts of transportation sector use are included in “Industrial."3 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants whose primary business is to sell 

electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

(s)=Less than 0.5 million short tons or less than 0.5 percenSource: Table 7.3.

Figure 7.3 Coal Consumption by Sector

Industrial1

Electric Power3

Residential, Commercial1, and Transportation2

(s)

(s) (s)
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 7.3 Coal Consumption by Sector, 1949-2001 (Million Short Tons)

Year

End-Use Sectors

Electric 

Residential 

Commercial Industrial

CHP Transportation Total 3 Other 4 Total Coke Plants

Other Industrial

Total

Electricity

CHP Only 

5 Non-CHP 6 Total

1949 52.4 7 ( ) 64.1 64.1 91.4 8 ( ) 121.2 121.2 212.6 70.2 399.3 84.0 

1950 51.6 7 ( ) 63.0 63.0 104.0 8 ( ) 120.6 120.6 224.6 63.0 402.2 91.9 

1951 46.7 7 ( ) 54.8 54.8 113.7 8 ( ) 128.7 128.7 242.4 56.2 400.1 105.8 1952 44.3 7 ( ) 48.0 48.0 97.8 8 ( ) 117.1 117.1 214.9 39.8 347.0 107.1 

1953 38.8 7 ( ) 40.4 40.4 113.1 8 ( ) 117.0 117.0 230.1 29.6 338.9 115.9 

1954 35.2 7 ( ) 33.8 33.8 85.6 8 ( ) 98.2 98.2 183.9 18.6 271.6 118.4 1955 35.6 7 ( ) 32.9 32.9 107.7 8 ( ) 110.1 110.1 217.8 17.0 303.3 143.8 

1956 34.0 7 ( ) 30.2 30.2 106.3 8 ( ) 114.3 114.3 220.6 13.8 298.6 158.3 

1957 27.0 7 ( ) 22.1 22.1 108.4 8 ( ) 106.5 106.5 214.9 9.8 273.7 160.8 1958 26.8 7 ( ) 21.1 21.1 76.8 8 ( ) 100.5 100.5 177.4 4.7 230.0 155.7 

1959 23.7 7 ( ) 17.1 17.1 79.6 8 ( ) 92.7 92.7 172.3 3.6 216.6 168.4 

1960 24.2 7 ( ) 16.8 16.8 81.4 8 ( ) 96.0 96.0 177.4 3.0 221.4 176.7 1961 22.0 7 ( ) 15.3 15.3 74.2 8 ( ) 95.9 95.9 170.1 0.8 208.2 182.2 

1962 21.2 7 ( ) 15.3 15.3 74.7 8 ( ) 97.1 97.1 171.7 0.7 208.9 193.3 

1963 18.2 7 ( ) 13.2 13.2 78.1 8 ( ) 101.9 101.9 180.0 0.7 212.1 211.3 1964 15.8 7 ( ) 11.4 11.4 89.2 8 ( ) 103.1 103.1 192.4 0.7 220.2 225.4 

1965 14.9 7 ( ) 10.8 10.8 95.3 8 ( ) 105.6 105.6 200.8 0.7 227.2 244.8 

1966 14.6 7 ( ) 11.0 11.0 96.4 8 ( ) 108.7 108.7 205.1 0.6 231.3 266.5 1967 12.6 7 ( ) 9.5 9.5 92.8 8 ( ) 101.8 101.8 194.6 0.5 217.2 274.2 

1968 11.4 7 ( ) 8.6 8.6 91.3 8 ( ) 100.4 100.4 191.6 0.4 212.0 297.8 

1969 10.6 7 ( ) 8.3 8.3 93.4 8 ( ) 93.1 93.1 186.6 0.3 205.8 310.6 1970 9.0 7 ( ) 7.1 7.1 96.5 8 ( ) 90.2 90.2 186.6 0.3 203.0 320.2 

1971 7.6 7 ( ) 7.6 7.6 83.2 8 ( ) 75.6 75.6 158.9 0.2 174.3 327.3 

1972 5.0 7 ( ) 6.7 6.7 87.7 8 ( ) 72.9 72.9 160.6 0.2 172.5 351.8 1973 4.1 7 ( ) 7.0 7.0 94.1 8 ( ) 68.0 68.0 162.1 0.1 173.4 389.2 

1974 3.7 7 ( ) 7.8 7.8 90.2 8 ( ) 64.9 64.9 155.1 0.1 166.6 391.8 

1975 2.8 7 ( ) 6.6 6.6 83.6 8 ( ) 63.6 63.6 147.2 (s) 156.7 406.0 1976 2.6 7 ( ) 6.3 6.3 84.7 8 ( ) 61.8 61.8 146.5 (s) 155.4 448.4 

1977 2.5 7 ( ) 6.4 6.4 77.7 8 ( ) 61.5 61.5 139.2 (s) 148.2 477.1 

1978 2.2 7 ( ) 7.3 7.3 71.4 8 ( ) 63.1 63.1 134.5 8 ( ) 144.0 481.2 1979 1.7 7 ( ) 6.7 6.7 77.4 8 ( ) 67.7 67.7 145.1 8 ( ) 153.5 527.1 

1980 1.4 7 ( ) 5.1 5.1 66.7 8 ( ) 60.3 60.3 127.0 8 ( ) 133.5 569.3 

1981 1.3 7 ( ) 6.1 6.1 61.0 8 ( ) 67.4 67.4 128.4 8 ( ) 135.8 596.8 1982 1.4 7 ( ) 6.8 6.8 40.9 8 ( ) 64.1 64.1 105.0 8 ( ) 113.2 593.7 

1983 1.4 7 ( ) 7.1 7.1 37.0 8 ( ) 66.0 66.0 103.0 8 ( ) 111.5 625.2 

1984 1.6 7 ( ) 7.5 7.5 44.0 8 ( ) 73.7 73.7 117.8 8 ( ) 126.9 664.4 1985 1.6 7 ( ) 6.2 6.2 41.1 8 ( ) 75.4 75.4 116.4 8 ( ) 124.2 693.8 

1986 1.5 7 ( ) 6.1 6.1 35.9 8 ( ) 75.6 75.6 111.5 8 ( ) 119.2 685.1 

1987 1.4 7 ( ) 5.5 5.5 37.0 8 ( ) 75.2 75.2 112.1 8 ( ) 119.0 717.9 1988 1.4 7 ( ) 5.8 5.8 41.9 8 ( ) 76.3 76.3 118.1 8 ( ) 125.3 758.4 

1989 1.2 P1.1 3.9 5.0 40.5 P24.9 51.3 76.1 116.6 8 ( ) 122.8 2,P767.4 

1990 R1.2 P1.2 4.3 R5.5 38.9 P24.9 51.5 76.3 115.2 8 ( ) 121.9 P774.2 1991 1.0 P1.2 3.9 5.1 33.9 P27.0 48.4 75.4 109.3 8 ( ) 115.4 P773.2 

1992 1.0 P1.2 3.9 5.1 32.4 P28.2 45.8 74.0 106.4 8 ( ) 112.6 P781.2 

1993 1.1 P1.4 3.8 5.2 31.3 P28.9 46.0 74.9 106.2 8 ( ) 112.4 P816.6 1994 0.9 P1.3 3.8 5.1 31.7 P29.7 45.5 75.2 106.9 8 ( ) 112.9 P821.2 

1995 0.8 P1.4 3.6 5.1 33.0 P29.4 43.7 73.1 106.1 8 ( ) 111.9 P832.9 

1996 0.7 P1.7 3.6 5.3 31.7 P29.4 42.3 71.7 103.4 8 ( ) 109.4 P878.8 1997 0.7 P1.7 4.0 5.8 30.2 P29.9 41.7 71.5 101.7 8 ( ) 108.2 P904.2 

1998 R0.5 P1.4 2.9 4.3 28.2 P28.6 38.9 67.4 95.6 8 ( ) 100.5 P920.4 

1999 0.6 P1.5 2.8 4.3 28.1 P27.8 37.0 R64.7 R92.8 8 ( ) R97.7 P924.7 2000 R0.5 P1.5 2.1 R3.7 R28.9 P28.0 37.2 R65.2 R94.1 8 ( ) R98.3 P967.1 

2001 0.5 E1.5 2.2 3.7 26.1 E28.1 35.3 63.4 89.4 8 ( ) 93.6 P948.0 

1 The electric power sector (electric utilities and independent power producers) comprises

electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants whose primary business is to sell electricity, orelectricity and heat, to the public—i.e., NAICS 22 plants. 2 Through 1988, data are for consumption at electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data also includeconsumption at independent power producers. 3 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of commercial electricity-onlyplants, such as those at hospitals and universities. See Appendix G for commercial sector NAICS codes. 4 All commercial sector fuel use other than that in "Commercial CHP."

5 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small numb

See Appendix G for industrial sector NAICS codes. 6 All industrial sector fuel use other than that in "Coke Plants" and 

7 Included in "Commercial Other." 8 Included in "Industrial Non-CHP." 9 Electric utility CHP plants are included in "Electricity Only."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. (s)=Less than 0.05 millioNotes, Web Page, and Sources: See end of section.
206 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 7.4 Coal Exports by Country of Destination

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared. Source: Table 7.4.

By Selected Country, 1960-2001

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1

0

102030

Million Short Tons

By Selected Country, 2001

Canada Italy Brazil Belgium Unit

05

101520

17.6

5.4 4.6

2.8 2.

Million Short Tons Total

Europe

Japan

Canada

Italy

Netherlands

King

Total and Europe, 1960-2001

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

255075

100125

Million Short Tons

and 

Luxembourg
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 7.4 Coal Exports by Country of Destination, 1960-2001 (Million Short Tons)

Year Canada Brazil

Europe

Belgium

and

Luxembourg Denmark France Germany 1 Italy Netherlands Spain

United

Kingdom Other Total

1960 12.8 1.1 1.1 0.1 0.8 4.6 4.9 2.8 0.3 0.0 2.4 17.1 1961 12.1 1.0 1.0 0.1 0.7 4.3 4.8 2.6 0.2 0.0 2.0 15.7 1962 12.3 1.3 1.3 (s) 0.9 5.1 6.0 3.3 0.8 (s) 1.8 19.1 1963 14.6 1.2 2.7 (s) 2.7 5.6 7.9 5.0 1.5 0.0 2.4 27.7 1964 14.8 1.1 2.3 (s) 2.2 5.2 8.1 4.2 1.4 0.0 2.6 26.0 1965 16.3 1.2 2.2 (s) 2.1 4.7 9.0 3.4 1.4 (s) 2.3 25.1 1966 16.5 1.7 1.8 (s) 1.6 4.9 7.8 3.2 1.2 (s) 2.5 23.1 1967 15.8 1.7 1.4 0.0 2.1 4.7 5.9 2.2 1.0 0.0 2.1 19.4 1968 17.1 1.8 1.1 0.0 1.5 3.8 4.3 1.5 1.5 0.0 1.9 15.5 1969 17.3 1.8 0.9 0.0 2.3 3.5 3.7 1.6 1.8 0.0 1.3 15.2 1970 19.1 2.0 1.9 0.0 3.6 5.0 4.3 2.1 3.2 (s) 1.8 21.8 1971 18.0 1.9 0.8 0.0 3.2 2.9 2.7 1.6 2.6 1.7 1.1 16.6 1972 18.7 1.9 1.1 0.0 1.7 2.4 3.7 2.3 2.1 2.4 1.1 16.9 1973 16.7 1.6 1.2 0.0 2.0 1.6 3.3 1.8 2.2 0.9 1.3 14.4 1974 14.2 1.3 1.1 0.0 2.7 1.5 3.9 2.6 2.0 1.4 0.9 16.1 1975 17.3 2.0 0.6 0.0 3.6 2.0 4.5 2.1 2.7 1.9 1.6 19.0 1976 16.9 2.2 2.2 (s) 3.5 1.0 4.2 3.5 2.5 0.8 2.1 19.9 1977 17.7 2.3 1.5 0.1 2.1 0.9 4.1 2.0 1.6 0.6 2.1 15.0 1978 15.7 1.5 1.1 0.0 1.7 0.6 3.2 1.1 0.8 0.4 2.2 11.0 1979 19.5 2.8 3.2 0.2 3.9 2.6 5.0 2.0 1.4 1.4 4.4 23.9 1980 17.5 3.3 4.6 1.7 7.8 2.5 7.1 4.7 3.4 4.1 6.0 41.9 1981 18.2 2.7 4.3 3.9 9.7 4.3 10.5 6.8 6.4 2.3 8.8 57.0 1982 18.6 3.1 4.8 2.8 9.0 2.3 11.3 5.9 5.6 2.0 7.6 51.3 1983 17.2 3.6 2.5 1.7 4.2 1.5 8.1 4.2 3.3 1.2 6.4 33.1 1984 20.4 4.7 3.9 0.6 3.8 0.9 7.6 5.5 2.3 2.9 5.3 32.8 1985 16.4 5.9 4.4 2.2 4.5 1.1 10.3 6.3 3.5 2.7 10.3 45.1 1986 14.5 5.7 4.4 2.1 5.4 0.8 10.4 5.6 2.6 2.9 8.4 42.6 1987 16.2 5.8 4.6 0.9 2.9 0.5 9.5 4.1 2.5 2.6 6.6 34.2 1988 19.2 5.3 6.5 2.8 4.3 0.7 11.1 5.1 2.5 3.7 8.5 45.1 1989 16.8 5.7 7.1 3.2 6.5 0.7 11.2 6.1 3.3 4.5 8.9 51.6 1990 15.5 5.8 8.5 3.2 6.9 1.1 11.9 8.4 3.8 5.2 9.5 58.4 1991 11.2 7.1 7.5 4.7 9.5 1.7 11.3 9.6 4.7 6.2 10.4 65.5 1992 15.1 6.4 7.2 3.8 8.1 1.0 9.3 9.1 4.5 5.6 8.5 57.3 1993 8.9 5.2 5.2 0.3 4.0 0.5 6.9 5.6 4.1 4.1 6.9 37.6 1994 9.2 5.5 4.9 0.5 2.9 0.3 7.5 4.9 4.1 3.4 7.3 35.8 1995 9.4 6.4 4.5 2.1 3.7 2.0 9.1 7.3 4.7 4.7 10.7 48.6 1996 12.0 6.5 4.6 1.3 3.9 1.1 9.2 7.1 4.1 6.2 9.8 47.2 1997 15.0 7.5 4.3 0.4 3.4 0.9 7.0 4.8 4.1 7.2 9.2 41.3 1998 20.7 6.5 3.2 0.3 3.2 1.2 5.3 4.5 3.2 5.9 6.9 33.8 1999 19.8 4.4 2.1 0.0 2.5 0.6 4.0 3.4 2.5 3.2 4.3 22.5 2000 18.8 4.5 2.9 0.1 3.0 1.0 3.7 2.6 2.7 3.3 5.7 25.0 2001 17.6 4.6 2.8 0.0 2.2 0.9 5.4 2.1 1.6 2.5 3.3 20.8 

1 Through 1990, the data for Germany are for the former West Germany only. Beginning with 1991, the

data for Germany are for the unified Germany, i.e., the former East Germany and West Germany.

(s)=Less than 0.05 million short tons. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: 1960-1988—U.S. Department of Commerce, Bur

Schedule B Commodities, EM 522. 1989-2000—Energy Info

Annual, annual reports. 2001—U.S. Department of Commerce, BEM545."
208 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 7.5 Coal Stocks

1 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants whose primary business is to 

sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

Notes: Stocks are at end of year. Because vertical scales differ, graphs should 

not be compared.

Source: Table 7.5.

Total and Electric Power Sector Stocks, 1949-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

50

100150200250

Million Short Tons

By Holding Entity, 1949-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

50

100150200

Million Short Tons

Total

Electric Power Sector1

Electric Power Sector1

Producers

and Distributors

End-Use Sectors

By Holding Entity, 2001

Electric Producers 

0

255075

100125150

129

34

Million Short Tons

Power Sector1 and Distributors 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 7.5 Coal Stocks by Sector, 1949-2001 (Million Short Tons)

Year

Producers

and

Distributors

End-Use Sectors

Elect

Pow

Secto

Residential

and

Commercial

Industrial

Coke Plants Other Total 1 Total

1949 NA 1.4 10.0 16.1 26.0 27.4 221950 NA 2.5 16.8 26.2 43.0 45.5 311951 NA 1.8 15.3 26.2 41.6 43.3 381952 NA 1.7 14.5 24.7 39.2 40.9 411953 NA 1.5 16.6 22.8 39.4 40.9 451954 NA 0.8 12.4 16.4 28.8 29.6 461955 NA 1.0 13.4 15.9 29.3 30.3 411956 NA 1.1 14.0 17.4 31.5 32.6 481957 NA 0.9 14.2 15.5 29.7 30.7 531958 NA 0.9 13.1 13.7 26.7 27.7 511959 NA 1.0 11.6 13.6 25.2 26.2 521960 NA 0.7 11.1 11.6 22.8 23.4 511961 NA 0.5 10.5 11.9 22.4 22.9 501962 NA 0.5 8.4 12.0 20.4 20.9 501963 NA 0.5 8.1 12.3 20.4 20.9 501964 NA 0.4 10.2 12.2 22.5 22.8 531965 NA 0.4 10.6 13.1 23.8 24.1 541966 NA 0.2 9.3 12.2 21.5 21.7 531967 NA 0.2 11.1 12.3 23.4 23.6 711968 NA 0.2 9.7 11.7 21.3 21.5 651969 NA 0.2 9.1 10.8 19.9 20.0 611970 NA 0.3 9.0 11.8 20.8 21.1 711971 NA 0.3 7.3 5.6 12.9 13.2 771972 NA 0.3 9.1 7.6 16.7 17.0 991973 12.5 0.3 7.0 10.4 17.4 17.7 871974 11.6 0.3 6.2 6.6 12.8 13.1 831975 12.1 0.2 8.8 8.5 17.3 17.6 1101976 14.2 0.2 9.9 7.1 17.0 17.2 1171977 14.2 0.2 12.8 11.1 23.9 24.1 1331978 20.7 0.4 8.3 9.0 17.3 17.7 1281979 20.8 0.3 10.2 11.8 21.9 22.3 1591980 24.4 NA 9.1 12.0 21.0 21.0 1831981 24.1 NA 6.5 9.9 16.4 16.4 1681982 36.8 NA 4.6 9.5 14.1 14.1 1811983 33.9 NA 4.3 8.7 13.1 13.1 1551984 34.1 NA 6.2 11.3 17.5 17.5 1791985 33.1 NA 3.4 10.4 13.9 13.9 1561986 32.1 NA 3.0 10.4 13.4 13.4 1611987 28.3 NA 3.9 10.8 14.7 14.7 1701988 30.4 NA 3.1 8.8 11.9 11.9 1461989 29.0 NA 2.9 7.4 10.2 10.2 1351990 33.4 NA 3.3 8.7 12.0 12.0 1561991 33.0 NA 2.8 7.1 9.8 9.8 1571992 34.0 NA 2.6 7.0 9.6 9.6 1541993 25.3 NA 2.4 6.7 9.1 9.1 1111994 33.2 NA 2.7 6.6 9.2 9.2 1261995 34.4 NA 2.6 5.7 8.3 8.3 1261996 28.6 NA 2.7 5.7 8.4 8.4 1141997 34.0 NA 2.0 5.6 7.6 7.6 981998 36.5 NA 2.0 5.5 7.6 7.6 1201999 39.5 NA 1.9 5.6 7.5 7.5 3,RP1362000 R31.9 NA R1.5 R4.6 R6.1 R6.1 RP102

2001 33.9 NA 1.5 5.9 7.4 7.4 P129

1 Includes transportation sector. 2 The electric power sector (electric utilities and independent power producers) comprises

electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants whose primary business is to sell electricity, orelectricity and heat, to the public—i.e., NAICS 22 plants. 3 Through 1998, data are for stocks at electric utilities only. Beginning in 1999, data also include stocksat independent power producers.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Notes: Stocks are at end of year. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent

rounding.

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelcoal.html.Sources: Producers and Distributors, End-Use Sectors, and T

of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, "Coal-Bituminous and Lignite" and "Co

1976—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data R

1976 and Coal-Pennsylvania Anthracite 1976. 1977 and Coal-Pennsylvania Anthracite 1977; 1978, and Weekly Coal ReportWeekly Coal Report. 1980-2001—EIA, Quarterly Coal Report O

Electric Power Sector: Table 8.4.
210 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 7.6 Coal Mining Productivity

1 For 1979 forward, includes all coal; prior to 1979, excludes anthracite.Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared.

Source: Table 7.6.

Total, 1949-2000

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

02468

Short Tons per Miner Hour

7.02 in 2000

Surface

Underground

Mi

Mining Methods, 2000

Underground Surface

0369

12

4.17

11.05

Short Tons per Miner Hour

East of Mississippi, 2000

Underground Surface

0246

3.90

4.84

Short Tons per Miner Hour

West of Mis

Und

05

10152025

Short Tons per Miner Hour

1.77 in 1978

Location, 20

E

06

1218

Short Tons per Miner Hour

Mining Method,1 1949-2000

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0369

12

Short Tons per Miner Hour
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 7.6 Coal Mining Productivity, 1949-2000 (Short Tons per Miner Hour 1

)

Year

Mining Method Location 

Underground Surface 

East of the Mississippi West of the Mississippi 

Underground Surface Total Underground Surface 

1949 20.68 21.92 NA NA NA NA NA 

1950 20.72 21.96 NA NA NA NA NA 

1951 20.76 22.00 NA NA NA NA NA 1952 20.80 22.10 NA NA NA NA NA 

1953 20.88 22.22 NA NA NA NA NA 

1954 21.00 22.48 NA NA NA NA NA 1955 21.04 22.65 NA NA NA NA NA 

1956 21.08 22.67 NA NA NA NA NA 

1957 21.11 22.73 NA NA NA NA NA 1958 21.17 22.73 NA NA NA NA NA 

1959 21.26 22.87 NA NA NA NA NA 

1960 21.33 22.91 NA NA NA NA NA 1961 21.43 23.16 NA NA NA NA NA 

1962 21.50 23.40 NA NA NA NA NA 

1963 21.60 23.66 NA NA NA NA NA 1964 21.72 23.76 NA NA NA NA NA 

1965 21.75 24.10 NA NA NA NA NA 

1966 21.83 24.28 NA NA NA NA NA 1967 21.88 24.48 NA NA NA NA NA 

1968 21.93 24.33 NA NA NA NA NA 

1969 21.95 24.50 NA NA NA NA NA 1970 21.72 24.53 NA NA NA NA NA 

1971 21.50 24.49 NA NA NA NA NA 

1972 21.49 24.54 NA NA NA NA NA 1973 21.46 24.58 NA NA NA NA NA 

1974 21.41 24.74 NA NA NA NA NA 

1975 21.19 23.26 NA NA NA NA NA 1976 21.14 23.25 NA NA NA NA NA 

1977 21.09 23.16 NA NA NA NA NA 

1978 21.04 23.03 NA NA NA NA NA 1979 1.13 3.08 NA NA NA NA NA 1980 1.20 3.21 NA NA NA NA NA 1981 1.29 3.42 NA NA NA NA NA 1982 1.37 3.36 NA NA NA NA NA 1983 1.61 3.81 NA NA NA NA NA 1984 1.72 4.03 1.69 2.56 1.98 2.49 8.15 1985 1.78 4.24 1.75 2.52 2.00 2.45 8.61 1986 2.00 4.60 1.96 2.75 2.21 2.80 9.02 1987 2.20 4.98 2.16 2.97 2.42 3.39 9.86 1988 2.38 5.32 2.32 2.99 2.54 3.55 10.73 1989 2.46 5.61 2.39 3.13 2.63 3.92 11.86 1990 2.54 5.94 2.46 3.32 2.73 4.01 12.26 1991 2.69 6.38 2.59 3.49 2.86 4.53 12.36 1992 2.93 6.59 2.82 3.61 3.07 4.85 12.49 1993 2.95 7.23 2.81 3.74 3.11 5.18 13.94 1994 3.19 7.67 3.02 3.85 3.28 5.93 15.19 1995 3.39 8.48 3.19 4.03 3.45 6.32 16.23 1996 3.57 9.05 3.36 4.25 3.63 7.03 17.89 1997 3.83 9.46 3.63 4.49 3.89 6.82 18.63 1998 R3.90 R9.58 R3.69 R4.31 R3.89 R6.76 R18.82 1999 R3.99 R10.39 R3.74 R4.48 R3.97 R7.45 R19.57 2000P 4.17 11.05 3.90 4.84 4.19 7.73 20.06 

1 Data for bituminous, subbituminous, and lignite mines 1949-1973 and anthracite mines 1949-1978

were originally reported in short tons per miner-day. The data were converted to short-tons per miner-hourby assuming an eight-hour day. All remaining data were calculated by dividing total production by totallabor hours worked by all mine employees except office workers. 2 Anthracite mining productivity is unavailable by underground and surface but is included in the Total.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelcoal.html.

Sources: 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearboo

"Coal-Pennsylvania Anthracite" chapters. 1976—Energy InformaReport, Coal-Bituminous and Lignite in 1976 and Coal-Pennsylv1978—EIA, Energy Data Report, Bituminous Coal and Lignite Produand Coal-Pennsylvania Anthracite 1977; 1978. 1979—EIA, Energ

1980-1988—EIA, Coal Production, annual reports. 1989 forwa

reports.
212 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared. Source: Table 7.7.

Figure 7.7 Coke Overview

Production

Imports

Exports

Overview, 2001

Production Imports Exports Consumption

05

10152025

19

2

1

21

Million Short Tons

Consumption

Production and Consumption, 1949-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

20406080

Million Short Tons

Trade, 1949-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 19

0246

Million Short Tons
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 7.7 Coke Overview, 1949-2001 (Million Short Tons)

Year Production Imports Exports Stock Change 1 

1949 63.6 0.3 0.5 0.2 1950 72.7 0.4 0.4 -0.7 1951 79.3 0.2 1.0 0.4 1952 68.3 0.3 0.8 0.4 1953 78.8 0.2 0.5 0.8 1954 59.7 0.1 0.4 0.3 1955 75.3 0.1 0.5 -1.2 1956 74.5 0.1 0.7 0.6 1957 76.0 0.1 0.8 0.8 1958 53.6 0.1 0.4 0.7 1959 55.9 0.1 0.5 0.9 1960 57.2 0.1 0.4 0.1 1961 51.7 0.1 0.4 -0.7 1962 51.9 0.1 0.4 -0.1 1963 54.3 0.2 0.5 -1.0 1964 62.1 0.1 0.5 -0.9 1965 66.9 0.1 0.8 0.7 1966 67.4 0.1 1.1 0.4 1967 64.6 0.1 0.7 2.4 1968 63.7 0.1 0.8 0.5 1969 64.8 0.2 1.6 -2.9 1970 66.5 0.2 2.5 1.0 1971 57.4 0.2 1.5 -0.6 1972 60.5 0.2 1.2 -0.6 1973 64.3 1.1 1.4 -1.7 1974 61.6 3.5 1.3 -0.2 1975 57.2 1.8 1.3 4.1 1976 58.3 1.3 1.3 1.5 1977 53.5 1.8 1.2 (s) 1978 49.0 5.7 0.7 -2.9 1979 52.9 4.0 1.4 1.7 1980 46.1 0.7 2.1 3.4 1981 42.8 0.5 1.2 -1.9 1982 28.1 0.1 1.0 1.5 1983 25.8 (s) 0.7 -4.7 1984 30.4 0.6 1.0 0.2 1985 28.4 0.6 1.1 -1.2 1986 24.9 0.3 1.0 -0.5 1987 26.3 0.9 0.6 -1.0 1988 28.9 2.7 1.1 0.5 1989 28.0 2.3 1.1 0.3 1990 27.6 0.8 0.6 (s) 1991 24.0 1.2 0.8 0.2 1992 23.4 2.1 0.7 -0.2 1993 23.2 2.2 1.1 -0.4 1994 22.7 3.3 1.0 -0.5 1995 23.7 3.8 1.4 0.4 1996 23.1 2.5 R1.1 R1.3 1997 22.1 3.1 R0.8 (s) 

1998 20.0 3.8 R0.6 -0.4 

1999 20.0 3.2 R0.4 -0.1 2000 R20.8 3.8 R0.7 0.2 

2001P 18.9 2.3 0.6 -0.1 

1 Producer and distributor stocks at end of year. A negative value indicates a net decrease in stocks; a

positive value indicates a net increase in stocks. 2 "Consumption" is calculated as the sum of production and imports minus exports and stock change.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.05 million short tons. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelcoal.html.Sources: 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, 

1976-1980—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Da

annual reports. 1981-2001—EIA, Quarterly Coal Report October-D
214 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 7.8 Coal Prices

1 In chained (1996) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic implicit price deflators. 

See Table E1.

2 Bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, and lignite. 

3 Nominal dollars.Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Source: Table 7.8.

By Type, 1949-2000

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

255075

100

Dollars1 per Short Ton

Total, 1949-2000

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

204060

Dollars1 per Short Ton

Anthracite

All Other2

Coal C

Peak

1975: $48.34

By Type, 2000

Anthracite Bituminous Lignite Sub

0

1020304050

40.90

24.25

11.16

Dollars3 per Short Ton
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 7.8 Coal Prices, 1949-2000 (Dollars per Short Ton)

Year

Bituminous Coal Subbituminous Coal Lignite 1 Subtotal 2 Anthracite 

Nominal Real 3 Nominal Real 3 Nominal Real 3 Nominal Real 3 Nominal Real 3 

1949 44.90 428.39 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 2.37 13.73 4.88 28.27 8.90 51.56 

1950 44.86 427.85 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 2.41 13.81 4.84 27.74 9.34 53.52 

1951 44.94 426.40 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 2.44 13.04 4.92 26.30 9.94 53.13 1952 44.92 425.89 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 2.39 12.58 4.90 25.79 9.58 50.42 

1953 44.94 425.66 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 2.38 12.36 4.92 25.56 9.87 51.27 

1954 44.54 423.35 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 2.43 12.50 4.52 23.25 8.76 45.06 1955 44.51 422.80 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 2.38 12.03 4.50 22.75 8.00 40.44 

1956 44.83 423.62 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 2.39 11.69 4.82 23.57 8.33 40.73 

1957 45.09 424.09 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 2.35 11.12 5.08 24.04 9.11 43.11 1958 44.87 422.50 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 2.35 10.86 4.86 22.46 9.14 42.24 

1959 44.79 421.89 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 2.25 10.28 4.77 21.80 8.55 39.08 

1960 44.71 421.23 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 2.29 10.32 4.69 21.14 8.01 36.10 1961 44.60 420.50 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 2.24 9.98 4.58 20.41 8.26 36.81 

1962 44.50 419.79 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 2.23 9.81 4.48 19.70 7.99 35.14 

1963 44.40 419.13 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 2.17 9.43 4.39 19.09 8.64 37.57 1964 44.46 419.11 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 2.14 9.17 4.45 19.07 8.93 38.26 

1965 44.45 418.71 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 2.13 8.96 4.44 18.67 8.51 35.79 

1966 44.56 418.64 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 1.98 8.09 4.54 18.56 8.08 33.03 1967 44.64 418.41 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 1.92 7.62 4.62 18.33 8.15 32.33 

1968 44.70 417.87 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 1.79 6.81 4.67 17.76 8.78 33.38 

1969 45.02 418.19 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 1.86 6.74 4.99 18.09 9.91 35.92 1970 46.30 421.68 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 1.86 6.40 6.26 21.54 11.03 37.96 

1971 47.13 423.36 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 1.93 6.32 7.07 23.17 12.08 39.58 

1972 47.78 424.45 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 2.04 6.41 7.66 24.07 12.40 38.97 1973 48.71 425.92 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 2.09 6.22 8.53 25.39 13.65 40.63 

1974 416.01 443.72 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 2.19 5.98 15.75 43.01 22.19 60.60 

1975 419.79 449.44 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 3.17 7.92 19.23 48.04 32.26 80.59 1976 420.11 447.54 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 3.74 8.84 19.43 45.93 33.92 80.19 

1977 420.59 445.74 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 4.03 8.95 19.82 44.02 34.86 77.43 

1978 422.64 446.94 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5.68 11.78 21.76 45.12 35.25 73.09 1979 427.31 452.27 9.55 18.28 6.48 12.40 23.66 45.28 41.06 78.58 

1980 29.17 51.14 11.08 19.42 W W 24.52 42.99 42.51 74.53 

1981 31.51 50.52 12.18 19.53 W W 26.29 42.15 44.28 71.00 1982 32.15 48.53 13.37 20.18 W W 27.14 40.97 49.85 75.25 1983 31.11 45.17 13.03 18.92 W W 25.85 37.53 52.29 75.91 1984 30.63 42.88 12.41 17.37 10.45 14.63 25.51 35.71 48.22 67.50 1985 30.78 41.77 12.57 17.06 10.68 14.49 25.10 34.06 45.80 62.15 1986 28.84 38.30 12.26 16.28 10.64 14.13 23.70 31.47 44.12 58.58 1987 28.19 36.34 11.32 14.59 10.85 13.99 23.00 29.65 43.65 56.26 1988 27.66 34.48 10.45 13.03 10.06 12.54 22.00 27.43 44.16 55.06 1989 27.40 32.91 10.16 12.20 9.91 11.90 21.76 26.13 42.93 51.56 1990 27.43 31.71 9.70 11.21 10.13 11.71 21.71 25.10 39.40 45.54 1991 27.49 30.66 9.68 10.80 10.89 12.15 21.45 23.92 36.34 40.53 1992 26.78 29.16 9.68 10.54 10.81 11.77 20.99 22.85 34.24 37.28 1993 26.15 27.80 9.33 9.92 11.11 11.81 19.79 21.04 32.94 35.02 1994 25.68 26.75 8.37 8.72 10.77 11.22 19.34 20.14 36.07 37.57 1995 25.56 26.06 8.10 8.26 10.83 11.04 18.74 19.10 39.78 40.55 1996 25.17 25.17 7.87 7.87 10.92 10.92 18.42 18.42 36.78 36.78 1997 24.64 24.17 7.42 7.28 10.91 10.70 18.07 17.72 35.12 34.45 1998 R24.69 R23.92 R7.01 R6.79 R11.26 R10.91 17.55 R17.01 42.91 R41.58 1999 23.88 R22.82 R6.90 R6.59 R11.02 R10.53 R16.55 R15.81 R35.13 R33.57 2000P 24.25 22.66 7.13 6.66 11.16 10.43 16.68 15.58 40.90 38.21 

1 In years past, some lignite prices were withheld to protect company confidentiality. Consequently,

prices for 1955 through 1977 excluded Texas lignite and prices for 1974 through 1978 excluded Montanalignite. As a result, lignite prices for the period 1974 through 1977 are based on North Dakota only. 2 Subtotal of bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, and lignite. 3 In chained (1996) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. SeeTable E1. 4 Includes subbituminous coal. 5 Included in bituminous coal.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. W=Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.Note: Prices are free-on-board (f.o.b.) mine prices. See Glossary.Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelcoal.html.

Sources: Bituminous Coal, Subbituminous Coal, and Lignit

Minerals Yearbook, "Coal-Bituminous and Lignite" chapter. 197(EIA), Energy Data Report, Coal-Bituminous and Lignite in 1976. 

Report, Bituminous Coal and Lignite Production and Mine Operati

Coal Production, annual reports. 1993-forward—EIA, Coal Industr

1949-1976—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, "Coal-Pennsylv

1978—EIA, Energy Data Report, Coal-Pennsylvania Anthracite 197

Report, Coal Production-1979. 1980-1992—EIA, Coal Production, 

Coal Industry Annual, annual reports. Total: 1949-1978—Calcula

of the rank prices shown. 1979-forward—EIA, Coal Industry Annua
Coal

Note 1. Data in this report on the consumption of bituminous coal (including subbituminous coal), lignite, anthracite, and waste coal are developed

primarily from consumption data reported in surveys. Included are data reported by all electric utility companies and coke plant companies. Data oncoal consumption by all industrial and manufacturing establishments andby the residential and commercial sector are based on distribution data obtained quarterly from coal companies. Included in each sector’s data arethe following: Electric Power Sector—consumption by privately and publicly owned establishments engaged in the generation and/or distributionof electric power. Industrial and Miscellaneous Sector—consumption atmanufacturing plants, large commercial establishments, coking plants, andby agriculture, mining (other than coal mining), and construction industries; Transportation Sector—sales to railroads and for vessel bunkering;Residential and Commercial Sector—retail dealer sales to households andsmall commercial establishments.Coal consumption by the residential and commercial sectors is reported tothe Energy Information Administration (EIA) for the two sectors combined; EIA estimates the amount consumed by the sectors individually. Previously, the breakdown was 40 percent residential and 60 percentcommercial for each year. The current method results in variation overtime. Beginning in 1949, a larger portion of the coal, 45 percent, is assigned to the residential sector; the share falls gradually over time andreaches 11 percent in 2001. To create the estimate, it is first assumed that

an occupied coal-heated housing unit consumes an oil-heated housing unit. Then, for the years on the number of occupied housing units by h1970, 1973–1981, and subsequent odd-numberdential use of coal is estimated by the followinthe number of occupied housing units heated by ing units heated by oil; the ratio is multiplied used by the residential sector to estimate the Bthe residential sector; and the residential sectocommercial use is calculated. The 1950 share share is applied to 2000; and the other missinlated.Table 7.3 Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/Table 7.3 SourcesEnd-Use Sectors: • 1949–1975—Bureau o

“Coal-Bituminous and Lignite” and “Coal-Penns• 1976—Energy Information Administration (Coal-Bituminous and Lignite in 1976 and Co

1976. • 1977 and 1978—EIA, Energy Data Re

thracite 1977; 1978, and Weekly Coal Report. • 

ergy Data Report, Weekly Coal Report. • 1981–

Report October-December, quarterly reports. Electric Power Sector: Tables 8.3b–8.3e.

216 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001
High-tension power lines and towers. Source: U.S. Department of Energy.

Electricity

8

Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Coal

19.88

Petroleum 1.35

Hydroelectric Pumped Storagec 0.09

Nuclear Electric Power

8.03

Energy

Consumed

To Generate

Electricity

38.56

Gross

Generation

of Electricity

13.36

Net

Generation

of Electricity

12.69

Unaccounted fore

0.73

Transportationi Electricity 0.02

Exports

0.06

Direct

Use

0.70

j

Other

Gasesa

0.13

End

Use

12.29

Conversion

Lossesd

Fossil 25.20

Fuels

27.19

T & D Lossesg

1.20

Plant Usef 0.67

Retail

Sales

11.59

Otherb 0.05

Industrial 3.39

Commercial 4.08 h

Electricity

Imports

0.13

Residential 4.10

Natural Gas 5.84

Renewable Energy 3.38

.

Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous

technologies.

Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping.

Approximately two-thirds of all energy used to generate electricity. See Note 1 at end

of section.

Data collection frame differences and non-sampling error.

a Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured waste gases derived from fossil

fuelsb

cde

Electric energy used in the operation of power plants, estimated as 5 percent of gross

generation. See Note 1 at end of section.

Transmission and distribution losses, estimated as 9 percent of gross generation. See

Note 1 at end of section.

Commercial retail sales plus approximately 95 percent of “Other” retail sales from Table

8.5.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Sources: Tables 2.2a, 8.1, 8.5, and A6.

fgh

i Approximately 5 percent of “Other” retail sales from Table 8.5.j Commercial and industrial facility use of onsite net electricity generation.

Diagram 5. Electricity Flow, 2001

(Quadrillion Btu)
220 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 8.1 Electricity Overview

1 Independent Power Producers. See Glossary.2 Electricity sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and other energy 

service providers.

3 Commercial and industrial facility use of onsite net electricity generation; and electricity 

sales among adjacent or co-located facilities for which revenue information is not available.

 Energy losses that occur between the point of generation a

and data collection frame differences and nonsampling error. 

 Public street and highway lighting, other sales to public au

railways, and interdepartmental sales.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Sources: Tables 8.1 and 8.5.

Sales2

Net Generation End Use

Import

Ex

IPP1 Net

Generation

932

Imports

38

Losses and 

Unaccounted for

138

Exports

18

45

mercial Use3

Trade

4

Utilities

Electricity Utility

Net Generation

2,630

Commercial

and Industrial

157

Net-Generation-to-End-Use Flow, 2001(Billion Kilowatthours)

Electricity Trade, 1949-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 

0

15304560

Billion Kilowatthours

Overview, 2001

Electric IPP1 Com- Industrial Imports Exports Retail Direct 0

1,0002,0003,0004,000

2,630

932

7 150 38 18

3,397

205

Billion Kilowatthours

Electric

Power

Sector

3,562

Total

End Use

3,602

Retail

Sales

3,397

Total

Net Generation

3,719

Residenti

1,201

Commerc

1,085

Industria

994
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 8.1 Electricity Overview, 1949-2001 (Billion Kilowatthours)

Year

Net Generation

Imports 4 Exports 4

Losses

and

Unaccounted

for 5

Electric Power Sector 1

Commercial

Sector 2

Industrial

Sector 3 Total

Retail

Sales 6

ElectricUtilities

Independent

Power Producers Total

1949 291 NA 291 NA 5 R296 2 (s) 43 255 

1950 329 NA 329 NA 5 R334 2 (s) 44 291 

1951 371 NA 371 NA 5 R375 2 (s) 47 330 1952 399 NA 399 NA 5 R404 3 (s) 50 356 

1953 443 NA 443 NA 4 R447 2 (s) 53 396 

1954 472 NA 472 NA 5 R476 3 (s) 54 424 1955 547 NA 547 NA 3 R550 5 (s) 58 497 

1956 601 NA 601 NA 3 R604 5 1 62 546 

1957 632 NA 632 NA 3 R635 5 1 62 576 1958 645 NA 645 NA 3 R648 4 1 64 588 

1959 710 NA 710 NA 3 R713 4 1 70 647 

1960 756 NA 756 NA 4 R759 5 1 76 688 1961 794 NA 794 NA 3 R797 3 1 77 722 

1962 855 NA 855 NA 3 R858 2 2 81 778 

1963 917 NA 917 NA 3 R920 2 2 88 833 1964 984 NA 984 NA 3 R987 6 4 93 896 

1965 1,055 NA 1,055 NA 3 R1,058 4 4 104 954 

1966 1,144 NA 1,144 NA 3 R1,148 4 3 113 1,035 1967 1,214 NA 1,214 NA 3 R1,218 4 4 118 1,099 

1968 1,329 NA 1,329 NA 3 R1,333 4 4 129 1,203 

1969 1,442 NA 1,442 NA 3 R1,445 5 4 133 1,314 1970 1,532 NA 1,532 NA 3 R1,535 6 4 145 1,392 

1971 1,613 NA 1,613 NA 3 R1,616 7 4 150 1,470 

1972 1,750 NA 1,750 NA 3 R1,753 10 3 166 1,595 1973 1,861 NA 1,861 NA 3 R1,864 17 3 165 1,713 

1974 1,867 NA 1,867 NA 3 R1,870 15 3 177 1,706 

1975 1,918 NA 1,918 NA 3 R1,921 11 5 180 1,747 1976 2,038 NA 2,038 NA 3 R2,041 11 2 194 1,855 

1977 2,124 NA 2,124 NA 3 R2,127 20 3 197 1,948 

1978 2,206 NA 2,206 NA 3 R2,209 21 1 211 2,018 1979 2,247 NA 2,247 NA 3 R2,251 23 2 200 2,071 

1980 2,286 NA 2,286 NA 3 R2,290 25 4 216 2,094 

1981 2,295 NA 2,295 NA 3 R2,298 36 3 184 2,147 1982 2,241 NA 2,241 NA 3 R2,244 33 4 187 2,086 

1983 2,310 NA 2,310 NA 3 R2,313 39 3 198 2,151 

1984 2,416 NA 2,416 NA 3 R2,419 42 3 173 2,286 1985 2,470 NA 2,470 NA 3 R2,473 46 5 190 2,324 

1986 2,487 NA 2,487 NA 3 R2,490 41 5 158 2,369 

1987 2,572 NA 2,572 NA 3 R2,575 52 6 164 2,457 1988 2,704 NA 2,704 NA 3 R2,707 39 7 161 2,578 

1989 2,784 P62 P2,847 P4 P115 RP2,966 26 15 R222 2,647 

1990 2,808 P88 P2,896 P6 P122 RP3,024 18 16 R199 2,713 1991 2,825 P108 P2,934 P6 P132 RP3,072 22 2 R211 2,762 

1992 2,797 P137 P2,934 P6 P143 RP3,084 28 3 224 2,763 

1993 2,883 P161 P3,044 P7 P146 P3,197 31 4 236 2,861 1994 2,911 P178 P3,089 P8 P151 RP3,248 47 2 R224 2,935 

1995 2,995 P200 P3,194 P8 P151 RP3,353 43 4 235 3,013 

1996 3,077 P207 P3,284 P9 P151 RP3,444 43 3 237 3,101 1997 3,123 P207 P3,329 P9 P154 RP3,492 43 9 R232 3,146 

1998 3,212 P245 P3,457 P9 P154 RP3,620 40 13 R221 3,264 

1999 3,174 P356 P3,530 P9 P156 RP3,695 43 14 R229 3,312 2000 R3,015 P622 P3,638 P8 P157 RP3,802 R49 15 R231 R3,421 

2001 2,630 E932 P3,562 E7 E150 E3,719 38 18 138 3,397 

1 The electric power sector (electric utilities and independent power producers) comprises

electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants whose primary business is to sell electricity, orelectricity and heat, to the public—i.e., NAICS 22 plants. Due to the restructuring of the electric powersector, the sale of generation assets is resulting in a reclassification of plants from electric utilities toindependent power producers. 2 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants. See Appendix Gfor commercial sector NAICS codes. 3 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants. Through 1988,includes industrial hydroelectric power only. See Appendix G for industrial sector NAICS codes. 4 Electricity transmitted across U.S. borders with Canada and Mexico.

5 Energy losses that occur between the point of generation a

collection frame differences and nonsampling error. See Note 1 at e

6 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by ele

providers. 7 Commercial and industrial facility use of onsite net electricity gadjacent or co-located facilities for which revenue information is not 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. (s)=Notes: See Note 2 at end of section. Totals may not equal s

rounding.

Web Page and Sources: See end of section.
222 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 8.2a Electricity Net Generation

Total and by Plant Type, 1989-2001

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000

01234

Trillion Kilowatthours

Total by Source, 2001

Coal

Total by Major Sources, 1949-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0.00.51.01.52.0

Trillion Kilowatthours

1 Combined-heat-and-power.2 Petroleum, other gases, wood, waste, geothermal, solar, wind, and other.3 Conventional hydroelectric power and pumped-storage.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Sources: Tables 8.2a and 8.2b.

Total

Electricity-Only

Plants

CHP1 Plants

Hydroelectric Power3

Petroleum and 

Natural Gas

Coal

51%

Electric

Power Energy

Total by Source Category, 2001

Fossil Fuels Nuclear Renewable

02

2.7

0.8

0.3

Trillion Kilowatthours
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Figure 8.2b Net Generation and Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants 

Sources of Useful Thermal Output at CHP1 Plant

Natural Wood Coal Other P

0

300600900 823

688

391

178

Trillion Btu

1 Combined-heat-and-power.2 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from 

fossil fuels.

3 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous 

technologies.

 Conventional hydroelectric power.Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Sources: Tables 8.2c and 8.2d.

Commercial Sector

Independent

 Power Producers

Industrial Sector

Commercial Sector

Industrial Sector

Independent

 Power Producers

Gas Gases2 leum

Gas Gases2 l

4

Fuel Consumption for Useful Thermal Output at CHP1 Plants by Sector, 1989-2001

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000

0.00.51.01.52.0

Quadrillion Btu

Net Generation at CHP1 Plants by Sector, 1989-2001

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000

0

50

100150200

Billion Kilowatthours

Sources of Net Generation at CHP1 Plants, 2001

Natural Coal Wood Other Petro- 

0

50

100150200250

202

56

30

14 13 

Billion Kilowatthours
224 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Table 8.2a Electricity Net Generation: Total (All Sectors), 1949-2001 (Billion Kilowatthours)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage 5

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power Wood 6 Waste 7

Geothermal Solar 8 Wind 

1949 135.5 28.5 37.0 NA 201.0 0.0 10 ( ) 94.8 0.4 NA NA NA NA 

1950 154.5 33.7 44.6 NA 232.8 0.0 10 ( ) 100.9 0.4 NA NA NA NA 

1951 185.2 28.7 56.6 NA 270.5 0.0 10 ( ) 104.4 0.4 NA NA NA NA 1952 195.4 29.7 68.5 NA 293.6 0.0 10 ( ) 109.7 0.5 NA NA NA NA 

1953 218.8 38.4 79.8 NA 337.0 0.0 10 ( ) 109.6 0.4 NA NA NA NA 

1954 239.1 31.5 93.7 NA 364.4 0.0 10 ( ) 111.6 0.3 NA NA NA NA 1955 301.4 37.1 95.3 NA 433.8 0.0 10 ( ) 116.2 0.3 NA NA NA NA 

1956 338.5 35.9 104.0 NA 478.5 0.0 10 ( ) 125.2 0.2 NA NA NA NA 

1957 346.4 40.5 114.2 NA 501.1 (s) 10 ( ) 133.4 0.2 NA NA NA NA 1958 344.4 40.4 119.8 NA 504.5 0.2 10 ( ) 143.6 0.2 NA NA NA NA 

1959 378.4 46.8 146.6 NA 571.9 0.2 10 ( ) 141.2 0.2 NA NA NA NA 

1960 403.1 48.0 158.0 NA 609.0 0.5 10 ( ) 149.4 0.1 NA (s) NA NA 1961 421.9 48.5 169.3 NA 639.7 1.7 10 ( ) 155.5 0.1 NA 0.1 NA NA 

1962 450.2 48.9 184.3 NA 683.4 2.3 10 ( ) 172.0 0.1 NA 0.1 NA NA 

1963 493.9 52.0 201.6 NA 747.5 3.2 10 ( ) 169.0 0.1 NA 0.2 NA NA 1964 526.2 57.0 220.0 NA 803.2 3.3 10 ( ) 180.3 0.1 NA 0.2 NA NA 

1965 570.9 64.8 221.6 NA 857.3 3.7 10 ( ) 197.0 0.3 NA 0.2 NA NA 

1966 613.5 78.9 251.2 NA 943.6 5.5 10 ( ) 197.9 0.3 NA 0.2 NA NA 1967 630.5 89.3 264.8 NA 984.6 7.7 10 ( ) 224.9 0.3 NA 0.3 NA NA 

1968 684.9 104.3 304.4 NA 1,093.6 12.5 10 ( ) 225.9 0.4 NA 0.4 NA NA 

1969 706.0 137.8 333.3 NA 1,177.1 13.9 10 ( ) 253.5 0.3 NA 0.6 NA NA 1970 704.4 184.2 372.9 NA 1,261.5 21.8 10 ( ) 251.0 0.1 0.2 0.5 NA NA 

1971 713.1 220.2 374.0 NA 1,307.4 38.1 10 ( ) 269.5 0.1 0.2 0.5 NA NA 

1972 771.1 274.3 375.7 NA 1,421.2 54.1 10 ( ) 275.9 0.1 0.2 1.5 NA NA 1973 847.7 314.3 340.9 NA 1,502.9 83.5 10 ( ) 275.4 0.1 0.2 2.0 NA NA 

1974 828.4 300.9 320.1 NA 1,449.4 114.0 10 ( ) 304.2 0.1 0.2 2.5 NA NA 

1975 852.8 289.1 299.8 NA 1,441.7 172.5 10 ( ) 303.2 (s) 0.2 3.2 NA NA 1976 944.4 320.0 294.6 NA 1,559.0 191.1 10 ( ) 286.9 0.1 0.2 3.6 NA NA 

1977 985.2 358.2 305.5 NA 1,648.9 250.9 10 ( ) 223.6 0.3 0.2 3.6 NA NA 

1978 975.7 365.1 305.4 NA 1,646.2 276.4 10 ( ) 283.5 0.2 0.1 3.0 NA NA 1979 1,075.0 303.5 329.5 NA 1,708.0 255.2 10 ( ) 283.1 0.3 0.2 3.9 NA NA 

1980 1,161.6 246.0 346.2 NA 1,753.8 251.1 10 ( ) 279.2 0.3 0.2 5.1 NA NA 

1981 1,203.2 206.4 345.8 NA 1,755.4 272.7 10 ( ) 263.8 0.2 0.1 5.7 NA NA 1982 1,192.0 146.8 305.3 NA 1,644.1 282.8 10 ( ) 312.4 0.2 0.1 4.8 NA NA 

1983 1,259.4 144.5 274.1 NA 1,678.0 293.7 10 ( ) 335.3 0.2 0.2 6.1 NA (s) 

1984 1,341.7 119.8 297.4 NA 1,758.9 327.6 10 ( ) 324.3 0.5 0.4 7.7 (s) (s) 1985 1,402.1 100.2 291.9 NA 1,794.3 383.7 10 ( ) 284.3 0.7 0.6 9.3 (s) (s) 

1986 1,385.8 136.6 248.5 NA 1,770.9 414.0 10 ( ) 294.0 0.5 0.7 10.3 (s) (s) 

1987 1,463.8 118.5 272.6 NA 1,854.9 455.3 10 ( ) 252.9 0.8 0.7 10.8 (s) (s) 1988 1,540.7 148.9 252.8 NA 1,942.4 527.0 10 ( ) 226.1 0.9 0.7 10.3 (s) (s) 1989P,11 1,583.8 R164.5 R352.6 R7.9 R2,108.8 529.4 10 ( ) R271.1 R27.2 9.2 R14.1 R0.3 R1.9 1990P R1,591.1 R125.2 R368.7 R9.8 R2,094.7 R576.9 -3.5 R291.2 R30.0 13.1 R14.9 R0.4 R2.3 1991P R1,590.6 R119.8 R381.6 R11.3 R2,103.3 612.6 -4.5 R287.6 R33.7 15.7 R15.5 R0.5 R2.6 

1992P R1,621.2 R100.2 R404.1 R13.3 R2,138.7 618.8 -4.2 253.1 R36.5 17.8 R16.1 R0.4 2.9 

1993P R1,690.1 R112.8 R414.9 R13.0 R2,230.7 R610.3 -4.0 280.5 R37.6 18.3 R16.8 R0.5 3.0 1994P R1,690.7 R105.9 R460.2 R13.3 R2,270.1 R640.4 -3.4 R260.1 R37.9 19.1 R15.5 R0.5 3.4 

1995P R1,709.4 R74.6 R496.1 R13.9 R2,293.9 673.4 -2.7 R310.8 R36.5 20.4 R13.4 R0.5 3.2 

1996P R1,795.2 R81.4 R455.1 R14.4 R2,346.0 674.7 -3.1 R347.2 36.8 20.9 R14.3 R0.5 R3.2 1997P R1,845.0 R92.6 R479.4 R13.4 R2,430.3 628.6 -4.0 R356.5 R36.9 21.7 R14.7 R0.5 R3.3 

1998P R1,873.5 R128.8 R531.3 R13.5 R2,547.1 673.7 R-4.5 323.3 R36.3 22.4 R14.8 R0.5 3.0 

1999P R1,881.1 R118.1 R556.4 R14.1 R2,569.7 728.3 R-6.1 319.5 R37.0 22.6 R14.8 R0.5 4.5 2000P R1,966.3 R111.2 R601.1 R14.0 R2,692.5 753.9 R-5.5 R275.6 R37.6 23.1 R14.1 R0.5 R5.6 

2001E 1,904.0 126.0 613.0 14.1 2,657.2 768.8 -8.8 217.5 36.9 22.8 13.8 0.5 5.8 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, including a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping. 6 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 7 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy. 9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies. 10 Included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power." 11 Hydroelectric data through 1988 are for generation at elect

beginning in 1989, data also include generation at independent powFor all other series, data through 1988 are for generation at electric also include generation at independent power producers, commercial 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. (s)=LNote: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independenWeb Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html. Sources: See Tables 8.2b and 8.2c.
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 8.2b Electricity Net Generation at Electricity-Only Plants: Electric Power Sector, 1949-2001 (Billion Kilowatthours)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage 5

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power Wood 6 Waste 7

Geothermal Solar 8 Wind 

1949 135.5 28.5 37.0 NA 201.0 0 10 ( ) 89.7 0.4 NA NA NA NA 

1950 154.5 33.7 44.6 NA 232.8 0 10 ( ) 95.9 0.4 NA NA NA NA 

1951 185.2 28.7 56.6 NA 270.5 0 10 ( ) 99.8 0.4 NA NA NA NA 1952 195.4 29.7 68.5 NA 293.6 0 10 ( ) 105.1 0.5 NA NA NA NA 

1953 218.8 38.4 79.8 NA 337.0 0 10 ( ) 105.2 0.4 NA NA NA NA 

1954 239.1 31.5 93.7 NA 364.4 0 10 ( ) 107.1 0.3 NA NA NA NA 1955 301.4 37.1 95.3 NA 433.8 0 10 ( ) 113.0 0.3 NA NA NA NA 

1956 338.5 35.9 104.0 NA 478.5 0 10 ( ) 122.0 0.2 NA NA NA NA 

1957 346.4 40.5 114.2 NA 501.1 (s) 10 ( ) 130.2 0.2 NA NA NA NA 1958 344.4 40.4 119.8 NA 504.5 0.2 10 ( ) 140.3 0.2 NA NA NA NA 

1959 378.4 46.8 146.6 NA 571.9 0.2 10 ( ) 137.8 0.2 NA NA NA NA 

1960 403.1 48.0 158.0 NA 609.0 0.5 10 ( ) 145.8 0.1 NA (s) NA NA 1961 421.9 48.5 169.3 NA 639.7 1.7 10 ( ) 152.2 0.1 NA 0.1 NA NA 

1962 450.2 48.9 184.3 NA 683.4 2.3 10 ( ) 168.6 0.1 NA 0.1 NA NA 

1963 493.9 52.0 201.6 NA 747.5 3.2 10 ( ) 165.8 0.1 NA 0.2 NA NA 1964 526.2 57.0 220.0 NA 803.2 3.3 10 ( ) 177.1 0.1 NA 0.2 NA NA 

1965 570.9 64.8 221.6 NA 857.3 3.7 10 ( ) 193.9 0.3 NA 0.2 NA NA 

1966 613.5 78.9 251.2 NA 943.6 5.5 10 ( ) 194.8 0.3 NA 0.2 NA NA 1967 630.5 89.3 264.8 NA 984.6 7.7 10 ( ) 221.5 0.3 NA 0.3 NA NA 

1968 684.9 104.3 304.4 NA 1,093.6 12.5 10 ( ) 222.5 0.4 NA 0.4 NA NA 

1969 706.0 137.8 333.3 NA 1,177.1 13.9 10 ( ) 250.2 0.3 NA 0.6 NA NA 1970 704.4 184.2 372.9 NA 1,261.5 21.8 10 ( ) 247.7 0.1 0.2 0.5 NA NA 

1971 713.1 220.2 374.0 NA 1,307.4 38.1 10 ( ) 266.3 0.1 0.2 0.5 NA NA 

1972 771.1 274.3 375.7 NA 1,421.2 54.1 10 ( ) 272.6 0.1 0.2 1.5 NA NA 1973 847.7 314.3 340.9 NA 1,502.9 83.5 10 ( ) 272.1 0.1 0.2 2.0 NA NA 

1974 828.4 300.9 320.1 NA 1,449.4 114.0 10 ( ) 301.0 0.1 0.2 2.5 NA NA 

1975 852.8 289.1 299.8 NA 1,441.7 172.5 10 ( ) 300.0 (s) 0.2 3.2 NA NA 1976 944.4 320.0 294.6 NA 1,559.0 191.1 10 ( ) 283.7 0.1 0.2 3.6 NA NA 

1977 985.2 358.2 305.5 NA 1,648.9 250.9 10 ( ) 220.5 0.3 0.2 3.6 NA NA 

1978 975.7 365.1 305.4 NA 1,646.2 276.4 10 ( ) 280.4 0.2 0.1 3.0 NA NA 1979 1,075.0 303.5 329.5 NA 1,708.0 255.2 10 ( ) 279.8 0.3 0.2 3.9 NA NA 

1980 1,161.6 246.0 346.2 NA 1,753.8 251.1 10 ( ) 276.0 0.3 0.2 5.1 NA NA 

1981 1,203.2 206.4 345.8 NA 1,755.4 272.7 10 ( ) 260.7 0.2 0.1 5.7 NA NA 1982 1,192.0 146.8 305.3 NA 1,644.1 282.8 10 ( ) 309.2 0.2 0.1 4.8 NA NA 

1983 1,259.4 144.5 274.1 NA 1,678.0 293.7 10 ( ) 332.1 0.2 0.2 6.1 NA (s) 

1984 1,341.7 119.8 297.4 NA 1,758.9 327.6 10 ( ) 321.2 0.5 0.4 7.7 (s) (s) 1985 1,402.1 100.2 291.9 NA 1,794.3 383.7 10 ( ) 281.1 0.7 0.6 9.3 (s) (s) 

1986 1,385.8 136.6 248.5 NA 1,770.9 414.0 10 ( ) 290.8 0.5 0.7 10.3 (s) (s) 

1987 1,463.8 118.5 272.6 NA 1,854.9 455.3 10 ( ) 249.7 0.8 0.7 10.8 (s) (s) 1988 1,540.7 148.9 252.8 NA 1,942.4 527.0 10 ( ) 222.9 0.9 0.7 10.3 (s) (s) 1989P,11 1,554.0 158.3 266.9 0 1,979.3 529.4 10 ( ) 268.5 4.2 6.9 14.1 0.3 1.9 1990P 1,560.2 117.5 264.6 (s) 1,942.3 576.9 -3.5 288.4 5.3 10.2 14.9 0.4 2.3 1991P 1,551.9 112.2 267.8 (s) 1,931.9 612.6 -4.5 284.8 6.0 12.2 15.5 0.5 2.6 

1992P 1,577.1 90.1 270.9 (s) 1,938.0 618.8 -4.2 250.0 6.6 14.4 16.1 0.4 2.9 

1993P 1,642.1 100.6 267.2 (s) 2,009.9 610.3 -4.0 277.5 7.2 14.9 16.8 0.5 3.0 1994P 1,639.9 92.1 299.7 (s) 2,031.7 640.4 -3.4 254.0 7.6 15.4 15.5 0.5 3.4 

1995P 1,658.0 62.0 317.4 (s) 2,037.4 673.4 -2.7 305.4 5.9 16.3 13.4 0.5 3.2 

1996P 1,742.8 68.5 272.8 (s) 2,084.1 674.7 -3.1 341.2 6.5 16.1 14.3 0.5 3.2 1997P 1,793.2 80.3 291.1 (s) 2,164.6 628.6 -4.0 350.6 6.5 16.4 14.7 0.5 3.3 

1998P 1,823.0 115.7 335.9 0.1 2,274.6 673.7 -4.5 317.9 6.6 17.0 14.8 0.5 3.0 

1999P 1,832.1 104.8 356.6 (s) 2,293.6 728.3 -6.1 314.7 7.3 17.1 14.8 0.5 4.5 2000P 1,910.6 98.0 399.4 0.2 2,408.2 753.9 -5.5 271.3 7.3 17.6 14.1 0.5 5.6 

2001P 1,848.4 113.0 411.3 0.2 2,372.8 768.8 -8.8 213.8 7.2 17.1 13.8 0.5 5.8 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, including a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping. 6 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 7 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy. 9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies. 10 Included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power." 11 Through 1988, data are for generation at electric utilities only. 

generation at independent power producers. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 billion kilow

Notes: Data on this table for the electric power sector (ele

producers) are for electricity-only plants whose primary business iNAICS 22 electricity-only plants. For 1949-2001, also includes ele(CHP) plants. Totals may not equal sum of components due to ind

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html. Sources: See end of section. 
226 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Table 8.2c Electricity Net Generation at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants by Sector, 1989-2001 (Billion Kilowatthours)

Year

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power 5 Wood 6 Waste 7 Total

Electric Power Sector (Independent Power Producers Only) 9

1989P 8.4 0.7 30.4 0.5 39.9 0.0 1.3 0.9 2.2 

1990P 10.8 0.9 43.8 0.6 56.2 0.0 1.4 1.1 2.6 

1991P 16.9 0.6 50.0 0.7 68.2 0.0 1.7 1.6 3.3 1992P 20.7 2.2 63.4 1.2 87.4 0.0 1.9 1.5 3.4 

1993P 23.4 4.8 75.0 1.0 104.2 0.0 2.0 1.4 3.4 

1994P 26.4 6.6 86.0 1.1 120.1 0.0 1.6 1.6 3.2 1995P 28.1 6.1 101.7 1.9 137.9 0.0 1.7 1.7 3.4 

1996P 29.2 6.3 105.9 1.3 142.7 0.0 1.9 1.7 3.6 

1997P 27.6 6.2 108.5 1.5 143.7 0.0 2.2 2.1 4.3 1998P 27.2 6.6 113.4 2.3 149.4 0.0 2.0 2.3 4.2 

1999P 26.6 6.7 116.4 1.6 151.2 0.0 1.7 2.4 4.1 

2000P 32.5 7.2 118.6 1.8 160.2 0.0 1.6 2.7 4.3 2001E 32.6 6.8 124.1 2.2 165.8 0.0 1.9 2.7 4.6 

Commercial Sector 10

1989P 0.7 0.6 2.2 0.1 3.6 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.7 

1990P 0.8 0.6 3.1 0.1 4.6 0.1 0.1 0.8 1.0 

1991P 0.8 0.4 3.2 0.1 4.5 0.1 0.1 0.9 1.1 1992P 0.7 0.3 3.9 0.1 5.0 0.1 0.1 1.0 1.2 

1993P 0.9 0.3 4.5 0.1 5.8 0.1 0.1 1.0 1.2 

1994P 0.8 0.4 4.9 0.1 6.3 0.1 0.1 1.2 1.3 1995P 1.0 0.4 5.2 0.0 6.5 0.1 0.1 1.5 1.7 

1996P 1.1 0.4 5.2 (s) 6.7 0.1 0.1 2.2 2.4 

1997P 1.0 0.4 4.7 (s) 6.2 0.1 (s) 2.3 2.5 1998P 1.0 0.4 4.9 (s) 6.3 0.1 (s) 2.3 2.5 

1999P 1.0 0.4 4.6 (s) 6.0 0.1 (s) 2.4 2.5 

2000P 1.1 0.4 4.3 (s) 5.8 0.1 (s) 2.0 2.1 2001E 1.0 0.3 4.0 (s) 5.3 0.1 (s) 1.9 2.1 

Industrial Sector 11

1989P 20.7 5.0 53.2 7.3 86.1 2.5 21.6 0.9 24.9 

1990P 19.3 6.2 57.1 9.0 91.6 2.7 23.1 0.9 26.8 

1991P 21.0 6.5 60.6 10.5 98.6 2.7 25.9 0.9 29.5 1992P 22.7 7.6 65.9 12.0 108.2 2.9 27.9 0.9 31.8 

1993P 23.7 7.0 68.2 11.9 110.9 2.9 28.4 1.1 32.3 

1994P 23.6 6.8 69.6 12.1 112.1 6.0 28.7 1.0 35.7 1995P 22.4 6.0 71.7 11.9 112.1 5.3 28.9 0.9 35.1 

1996P 22.2 6.3 71.0 13.0 112.5 5.9 28.4 0.9 35.2 

1997P 23.2 5.6 75.1 11.8 115.8 5.7 28.2 0.9 34.8 1998P 22.3 6.2 77.1 11.2 116.8 5.3 27.7 0.9 33.9 

1999P 21.5 6.1 78.8 12.5 118.9 4.8 28.1 0.7 33.5 

2000P 22.1 5.6 78.8 11.9 118.4 4.1 28.7 0.8 33.6 2001E 22.0 5.9 73.6 11.7 113.2 3.6 27.7 1.0 32.4 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, including a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Includes combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants that use multiple sources of energy including

hydropower. 6 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 7 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 8 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies. 9 CHP plants whose primary business is to sell electricity and heat to the public—i.e., NAICS 22 CHPplants. For 1989-2001, does not include electric utility CHP plants—these are included in "Electric Power

Sector" on Table 8.2b.

10 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small 

plants. See Appendix G for commercial sector NAICS codes. 11 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small numSee Appendix G for industrial sector NAICS codes.

P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. (s)=Less than 0.05 billion kilowatthoNote: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independeWeb Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html.Sources: 1989-1997—Energy Information Administration (E

Power Producer Report." 1998-2000—EIA, Form EIAReport—Nonutility." 2001—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Rep
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 8.2d Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants by Sector, 1989-2001 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2 Natural Gas 3 Other Gases 4 Total Wood 5 Waste 6 Total

Electric Power Sector (Independent Power Producers Only) 8

1989P 13 8 67 2 90 19 5 24 

1990P 18 8 78 4 109 18 6 25 

1991P 21 6 82 4 113 17 9 26 1992P 28 6 102 5 140 17 8 25 

1993P 30 8 107 3 147 16 8 24 

1994P 37 9 119 5 170 15 10 24 1995P 40 13 118 4 176 15 12 27 

1996P 43 12 121 4 180 16 16 33 

1997P 39 12 132 8 191 16 14 30 1998P 43 6 142 5 196 10 16 26 

1999P 52 7 146 4 208 10 20 30 

2000P 53 7 158 5 223 6 19 26 2001E 55 7 183 6 251 8 19 27 

Commercial Sector 9

1989P 14 4 10 (s) 27 (s) 10 10 

1990P 15 4 14 (s) 33 (s) 10 10 

1991P 16 4 21 (s) 41 (s) 9 9 1992P 15 4 24 (s) 44 (s) 13 14 

1993P 18 4 23 (s) 45 (s) 14 14 

1994P 18 4 26 (s) 48 (s) 14 14 1995P 17 3 29 0 48 (s) 15 15 

1996P 20 3 33 0 55 1 17 18 

1997P 22 4 40 (s) 66 1 19 20 1998P 20 5 39 (s) 64 1 18 18 

1999P 20 3 37 0 61 1 17 17 

2000P 21 4 39 0 64 1 17 18 2001E 21 3 37 0 61 1 17 17 

Industrial Sector 10

1989P 297 84 385 90 856 527 15 542 

1990P 291 98 408 123 919 570 20 590 

1991P 315 103 444 144 1,005 606 19 625 1992P 324 107 466 155 1,052 641 19 660 

1993P 325 117 475 139 1,056 653 23 676 

1994P 333 119 502 138 1,093 707 21 729 1995P 329 105 541 140 1,116 706 20 726 

1996P 329 118 557 146 1,150 684 21 705 

1997P 328 121 541 142 1,132 713 22 735 1998P 318 124 601 162 1,206 689 24 713 

1999P 313 115 629 175 1,233 679 18 697 

2000P 309 98 615 179 1,201 700 20 720 2001E 315 107 603 172 1,198 679 22 701 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, including a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 6 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 7 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies. 8 Combined-heat-and power (CHP) plants whose primary business is to sell electricity and heat to the

public—i.e., NAICS 22 CHP plants. For 1989-2001, does not include electric utility CHP plants—these are

included in "Electric Power Sector" on Table 8.2b. 9 Commercial combined-heat-and-power plants. See Appendix G 

10 Industrial combined-heat-and-power plants. See Appendix G fo

P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independeWeb Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html.Sources: 1989-1997—Energy Information Administration (E

Power Producer Report." 1998-2000—EIA, Form EIA

Report—Nonutility." 2001—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Repo
228 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 8.3 Consumption of Combustible Fuels at Electricity-Only and Combined-Heat-and-Powe 1989-2001

Petroleum

1990 1995 2000

0

50

100150200250300

Million Barrels

Natural Gas

1990 1995 2000

0123456

Trillion Cubic Feet

Coal

1990 1995 2000

0.00.20.40.60.81.0

Billion Short Tons

Total

Electricity-Only

Plants

Total

Total

Wood and W

1990 

0.00.30.60.9

Trillion Btu

Coal

1990 1995 2000

0.00.30.60.91.2

Billion Short Tons

Petroleum

1990 1995 2000

0

50

100150200250300350

Million Barrels

 For Electricity Generation

Natural Gas

1990 1995 2000

02468

Trillion Cubic Feet

Wood and W

1990 

0.00.51.01.52.0

Trillion Btu

Generation

and UTO2

UTO2

Generation

Generation

and UTO2

UTO2

Generation

Generation

and UTO2

UTO2

Generation

1 Combined-heat-and-power.2 Useful thermal output.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compaSources: Tables 8.3a-e.

For Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output

CHP1

ElectricityOnly

Plants

CHP1

Electricity-Only Plants

CHP1
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 8.3a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Total (All Sectors), 1949

Year

Fossil Fuels Re

Coal 1 Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke Natural Gas 5 Other Gases 6 Woo

Thousand Short Tons Thousand Barrels Thousand Short Tons Billion Cubic Feet Trillion Btu 

1949 83,963 4,767 61,534 NA NA 550 NA 1950 91,871 5,423 69,998 NA NA 629 NA 1951 105,768 4,598 59,347 NA NA 764 NA 1952 107,071 4,833 62,385 NA NA 910 NA 1953 115,897 5,913 76,325 NA NA 1,034 NA 1954 118,385 4,799 61,946 NA NA 1,165 NA 1955 143,759 5,412 69,862 NA NA 1,153 NA 1956 158,279 5,228 67,483 NA NA 1,239 NA 1957 160,769 5,730 73,963 NA NA 1,336 NA 1958 155,724 5,584 72,083 NA NA 1,373 NA 1959 168,423 6,346 81,917 NA NA 1,629 NA 1960 176,685 3,824 84,371 NA NA 1,725 NA 1961 182,185 3,708 85,204 NA NA 1,825 NA 1962 193,316 3,910 85,384 NA NA 1,966 NA 1963 211,332 4,233 89,081 NA NA 2,144 NA 1964 225,425 4,310 96,831 NA NA 2,323 NA 1965 244,788 4,928 110,274 NA NA 2,321 NA 1966 266,477 6,311 134,638 NA NA 2,610 NA 1967 274,185 7,393 153,886 NA NA 2,746 NA 1968 297,779 9,830 178,812 NA NA 3,148 NA 1969 310,641 14,961 236,066 NA NA 3,488 NA 1970 320,182 24,123 311,381 NA 636 3,932 NA 1971 327,301 34,283 362,187 NA 605 3,976 NA 1972 351,768 53,465 440,294 NA 627 3,977 NA 1973 389,212 47,058 513,190 NA 507 3,660 NA 1974 391,811 53,128 483,146 NA 625 3,443 NA 1975 405,962 38,907 467,221 NA 70 3,158 NA (1976 448,371 41,843 514,077 NA 68 3,081 NA 1977 477,126 48,837 574,869 NA 98 3,191 NA 1978 481,235 47,520 588,319 NA 398 3,188 NA 1979 527,051 30,691 492,606 NA 268 3,491 NA 1980 569,274 29,051 391,163 NA 179 3,682 NA 1981 596,797 21,313 329,798 NA 139 3,640 NA 1982 593,666 15,337 234,434 NA 149 3,226 NA 1983 625,211 16,512 228,984 NA 261 2,911 NA 1984 664,399 15,190 189,289 NA 252 3,111 NA 1985 693,841 14,635 158,779 NA 231 3,044 NA 1986 685,056 14,326 216,156 NA 313 2,602 NA 1987 717,894 15,367 184,011 NA 348 2,844 NA 1988 758,372 18,769 229,327 NA 409 2,636 NA 11989P,10 R781,672 R27,733 R249,820 303 R667 R3,485 90 341990P R790,244 R17,858 R188,334 437 R1,750 R3,653 106 401991P R793,666 R16,564 R177,780 380 R1,789 R3,765 125 42

1992P R805,140 R14,493 R144,467 759 R2,504 R3,900 141 48

1993P R842,153 R16,845 R159,059 715 R3,169 R3,929 136 481994P R848,796 R22,365 R145,225 929 R3,020 R4,367 136 49

1995P R860,594 R19,615 R95,507 680 R3,355 R4,738 133 48

1996P R907,209 R20,252 R106,055 1,712 R3,322 R4,312 159 511997P R931,949 R20,309 R118,741 237 R4,086 R4,565 119 48

1998P R946,295 R25,062 R172,728 549 R4,860 R5,081 125 47

1999P R949,802 R25,951 R158,187 974 R4,552 R5,322 126 492000P R994,933 R31,675 R143,381 1,450 R3,744 R5,691 126 49

2001E 975,570 32,020 163,168 1,399 4,159 5,690 127 48

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 For 1949-1979, gas turbine and internal combustion plant use of petroleum. For 1980-2001, electric

utility data are for light oil (fuel oil nos. 1 and 2, and small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.) 3 For 1949-1979, steam plant use of petroleum. For 1980-2001, electric utility data are for heavy oil(fuel oil nos. 5 and 6, and small amounts of fuel oil no. 4.) 4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Natural gas, including a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 6 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 7 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste.

8 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricult9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfu

10 Through 1988, data are for consumption at electric utilities on

consumption at independent power producers, commercial plants, 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. (s)Notes: Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity; t

useful thermal output. Totals may not equal sum of components 

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html.Sources: Tables 8.3b and 8.3c.
230 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Table 8.3b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation at Electricity-Only Plants: 

 Sector, 1949-2001

Year

Fossil Fuels Rene

Coal 1 Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke Natural Gas 5 Other Gases 6 Wood 

Thousand Short Tons Thousand Barrels Thousand Short Tons Billion Cubic Feet Trillion Btu 

1949 83,963 4,767 61,534 NA NA 550 NA 6 1950 91,871 5,423 69,998 NA NA 629 NA 5 1951 105,768 4,598 59,347 NA NA 764 NA 5 1952 107,071 4,833 62,385 NA NA 910 NA 6 1953 115,897 5,913 76,325 NA NA 1,034 NA 5 1954 118,385 4,799 61,946 NA NA 1,165 NA 3 1955 143,759 5,412 69,862 NA NA 1,153 NA 3 1956 158,279 5,228 67,483 NA NA 1,239 NA 2 1957 160,769 5,730 73,963 NA NA 1,336 NA 2 1958 155,724 5,584 72,083 NA NA 1,373 NA 2 1959 168,423 6,346 81,917 NA NA 1,629 NA 2 1960 176,685 3,824 84,371 NA NA 1,725 NA 2 1961 182,185 3,708 85,204 NA NA 1,825 NA 1 1962 193,316 3,910 85,384 NA NA 1,966 NA 1 1963 211,332 4,233 89,081 NA NA 2,144 NA 1 1964 225,425 4,310 96,831 NA NA 2,323 NA 2 1965 244,788 4,928 110,274 NA NA 2,321 NA 3 1966 266,477 6,311 134,638 NA NA 2,610 NA 3 1967 274,185 7,393 153,886 NA NA 2,746 NA 3 1968 297,779 9,830 178,812 NA NA 3,148 NA 4 1969 310,641 14,961 236,066 NA NA 3,488 NA 3 1970 320,182 24,123 311,381 NA 636 3,932 NA 1 1971 327,301 34,283 362,187 NA 605 3,976 NA 1 1972 351,768 53,465 440,294 NA 627 3,977 NA 1 1973 389,212 47,058 513,190 NA 507 3,660 NA 1 1974 391,811 53,128 483,146 NA 625 3,443 NA 1 1975 405,962 38,907 467,221 NA 70 3,158 NA (s) 1976 448,371 41,843 514,077 NA 68 3,081 NA 1 1977 477,126 48,837 574,869 NA 98 3,191 NA 3 1978 481,235 47,520 588,319 NA 398 3,188 NA 2 1979 527,051 30,691 492,606 NA 268 3,491 NA 3 1980 569,274 29,051 391,163 NA 179 3,682 NA 3 1981 596,797 21,313 329,798 NA 139 3,640 NA 3 1982 593,666 15,337 234,434 NA 149 3,226 NA 2 1983 625,211 16,512 228,984 NA 261 2,911 NA 2 1984 664,399 15,190 189,289 NA 252 3,111 NA 5 1985 693,841 14,635 158,779 NA 231 3,044 NA 8 1986 685,056 14,326 216,156 NA 313 2,602 NA 5 1987 717,894 15,367 184,011 NA 348 2,844 NA 8 1988 758,372 18,769 229,327 NA 409 2,636 NA 10 1989P,10 767,378 25,574 241,960 3 517 2,791 0 59 1990P 774,213 14,956 181,231 17 983 2,794 (s) 83 1991P 773,183 13,822 171,157 51 974 2,822 (s) 85 

1992P 781,186 11,998 135,779 48 1,320 2,829 (s) 94 

1993P 816,558 13,460 149,287 11 1,553 2,755 (s) 101 1994P 821,209 16,693 134,666 52 1,193 3,065 (s) 112 

1995P 832,928 16,169 86,584 133 1,082 3,288 (s) 84 

1996P 878,825 17,361 96,386 50 1,010 2,824 (s) 94 1997P 904,245 17,702 109,989 30 1,687 3,039 1 91 

1998P 920,353 22,293 163,541 295 2,202 3,544 1 95 

1999P 924,692 22,877 149,193 380 1,891 3,729 1 105 2000P 967,080 28,001 135,419 94 1,457 4,093 2 105 

2001P 947,957 28,214 155,125 97 1,873 4,080 2 105 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 For 1949-1979, gas turbine and internal combustion plant use of petroleum. For 1980-2001, electric

utility data are for light oil (fuel oil nos. 1 and 2, and small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.) 3 For 1949-1979, steam plant use of petroleum. For 1980-2001, electric utility data are for heavy oil(fuel oil nos. 5 and 6, and small amounts of fuel oil no. 4.) 4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Natural gas, including a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 6 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 7 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 8 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.

10 Through 1988, data are for consumption at electric utilities only

consumption at independent power producers.

P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5. Notes: Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity; the

useful thermal output. The electric power sector (electric utilitiecomprises electricity-only plants whose primary business is to sell eelectricity-only plants. For 1949-2001, also includes electric utility co

Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent roun

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html.Sources: See end of section. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 8.3c Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation at Combined-H Plants by Sector, 1989-2001

Year

Fossil Fuels Renew

Coal 1 Distillate Fuel Oil Residual Fuel Oil Other Liquids 2 Petroleum Coke Natural Gas 3 Other Gases 4 Wood 5 

Thousand Short Tons Thousand Barrels Thousand Short Tons Billion Cubic Feet Trillion Btu T

Electric Power Sector (Independent Power Producers Only) 8

1989P 4,173 462 747 6 0 233 7 16 

1990P 5,784 1,287 653 7 0 345 6 18 

1991P 9,470 433 473 7 0 394 6 20 1992P 12,204 471 1,902 69 170 496 12 25 

1993P 13,293 1,099 2,120 202 1,018 589 12 28 

1994P 14,904 3,548 2,531 615 1,063 694 12 22 1995P 14,926 1,898 2,311 307 1,370 806 18 22 

1996P 15,575 1,111 2,410 517 1,456 836 15 24 

1997P 14,764 944 2,434 100 1,514 864 14 26 1998P 13,773 872 2,334 117 1,797 872 21 30 

1999P 13,197 998 2,728 134 1,716 915 14 20 

2000P 15,634 1,721 2,627 310 1,698 921 17 21 2001E 15,604 1,961 2,073 250 1,667 959 21 25 

Commercial Sector 9

1989P 414 882 282 0 0 18 1 2 

1990P 417 569 328 (s) 0 26 1 1 

1991P 403 430 146 (s) 0 27 1 2 1992P 371 289 137 (s) 1 33 1 1 

1993P 404 384 279 4 1 37 1 1 

1994P 404 481 209 0 1 41 1 1 1995P 569 493 152 (s) 1 43 0 1 

1996P 656 422 218 (s) 1 42 0 1 

1997P 630 583 200 0 1 39 (s) 1 1998P 440 436 359 0 1 41 (s) 1 

1999P 481 506 421 0 1 39 0 (s) 

2000P 514 505 310 1 1 37 0 (s) 2001E 490 359 310 1 1 35 0 (s) 

Industrial Sector 10

1989P 9,707 815 6,830 294 150 444 83 267 

1990P 9,830 1,046 6,122 412 767 488 99 299 

1991P 10,610 1,879 6,004 322 815 522 118 318 1992P 11,379 1,735 6,650 642 1,013 542 128 359 

1993P 11,898 1,902 7,373 498 597 547 123 355 

1994P 12,279 1,644 7,818 263 762 568 123 364 1995P 12,171 1,056 6,460 239 902 601 114 373 

1996P 12,153 1,359 7,042 1,145 853 610 143 394 

1997P 12,311 1,079 6,118 107 884 623 105 367 1998P 11,728 1,461 6,494 137 860 625 102 349 

1999P 11,432 1,571 5,845 460 944 639 112 364 

2000P 11,706 1,448 5,024 1,046 588 640 107 369 2001E 11,519 1,486 5,659 1,052 617 616 104 354 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, including a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 6 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 7 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies. 8 Combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants whose primary business is to sell electricity and heat to the

public—i.e., NAICS 22 CHP plants. For 1989-2001, does not include electric utility CHP plants—these areincluded in "Electric Power Sector" on Table 8.3b. 9 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of commercial electricity-only

plants. See Appendix G for commercial sector NAICS codes. 10 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small numb

See Appendix G for industrial sector NAICS codes.

P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. (s)=Less than 0.5. Notes: Estimates are for fuels consumed to produce electric

produce useful thermal output. Totals may not equal sum of compo

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html.Sources: 1989-1997—Energy Information Administration (EIA)

"Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." 1998-2000—EIA, e

"Annual Electric Generator Report—Nonutility." 2001—EIA, estimPlant Report." 
232 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Table 8.3d Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output at Combined- Plants by Sector, 1989-2001

Year

Fossil Fuels Rene

Coal 1 Distillate Fuel Oil Residual Fuel Oil Other Liquids 2 Petroleum Coke Natural Gas 3 Other Gases 4 Wood 5 

Thousand Short Tons Thousand Barrels Thousand Short Tons Billion Cubic Feet Trillion Btu T

Electric Power Sector (Independent Power Producers Only) 8

1989P 639 120 1,471 1 0 82 3 24 

1990P 990 157 1,491 2 0 95 5 23 

1991P 1,221 104 995 1 0 100 5 21 1992P 1,704 154 1,045 10 4 123 6 21 

1993P 1,794 290 1,074 27 40 129 4 21 

1994P 2,241 371 1,024 104 58 144 6 18 1995P 2,376 486 1,127 58 222 143 5 19 

1996P 2,520 308 1,155 86 175 147 5 20 

1997P 2,355 343 1,246 23 171 162 10 20 1998P 2,493 134 653 19 103 172 6 12 

1999P 3,033 183 572 30 128 176 4 13 

2000P 3,107 294 467 51 120 192 7 8 2001E 3,178 674 288 50 119 222 7 11 

Commercial Sector 9

1989P 711 202 601 0 0 12 (s) (s) 

1990P 773 384 482 (s) 0 17 (s) (s) 

1991P 826 356 405 (s) 0 25 (s) (s) 1992P 804 259 538 (s) 2 30 (s) 1 

1993P 968 272 548 2 4 28 (s) (s) 

1994P 940 534 379 0 4 31 (s) (s) 1995P 850 319 261 (s) 3 35 0 (s) 

1996P 1,005 260 328 (s) 3 40 0 1 

1997P 1,108 470 309 0 3 48 (s) 1 1998P 1,002 418 573 0 3 47 (s) 1 

1999P 1,009 254 412 0 3 45 0 1 

2000P 1,034 403 366 2 4 48 0 1 2001E 1,009 289 366 2 4 45 0 1 

Industrial Sector 10

1989P 15,160 1,088 14,320 352 247 470 113 659 

1990P 15,036 1,306 14,085 893 742 497 153 712 

1991P 16,412 2,567 13,893 834 777 539 180 758 1992P 16,864 1,945 14,891 925 856 565 194 801 

1993P 16,988 1,887 16,312 846 987 578 174 816 

1994P 17,428 1,906 17,423 505 1,075 610 173 884 1995P 17,192 1,277 15,272 584 1,010 659 175 882 

1996P 17,281 1,624 17,069 670 1,097 679 182 855 

1997P 17,542 1,772 14,328 267 1,835 659 178 892 1998P 16,824 4,391 15,313 662 1,230 730 202 862 

1999P 16,330 4,228 13,148 808 1,307 762 219 849 

2000P 16,325 2,200 12,459 1,402 800 745 223 875 2001E 16,590 2,473 14,000 1,400 812 733 215 848 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, including a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 6 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 7 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies. 8 Combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants whose primary business is to sell electricity and heat to the

public—i.e., NAICS 22 CHP plants. For 1989-2001, does not include electric utility CHP plants—these areincluded in "Electric Power Sector" on Table 8.3b.

9 Commercial combined-heat-and-power plants. See Appendix G 

10 Industrial combined-heat-and-power plants. See Appendix G f

P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. (s)=Less than 0.5. Notes: Estimates are for fuels consumed to produce use

consumed to produce electricity. Totals may not equal sum of com

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html.Sources: 1989-1997—Energy Information Administration (EIA

"Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." 1998-2000—EIA, "Annual Electric Generator Report—Nonutility." 2001—EIA, estimPlant Report." 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 8.3e Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Outpu and Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants by Sector, 1989-2001

Year

Fossil Fuels Renew

Coal 1 Distillate Fuel Oil Residual Fuel Oil Other Liquids 2 Petroleum Coke Natural Gas 3 Other Gases 4 Wood 5 

Thousand Short Tons Thousand Barrels Thousand Short Tons Billion Cubic Feet Trillion Btu T

Electric Power Sector (Electric Utilities and Independent Power Producers) 8

1989P 772,190 926,156 10244,179 10 517 3,105 9 100 

1990P 780,987 916,400 10183,375 26 983 3,234 11 124 

1991P 783,874 914,359 10172,625 59 974 3,316 11 126 1992P 795,094 912,623 10138,726 128 1,494 3,448 18 140 

1993P 831,645 914,849 10152,481 239 2,611 3,473 16 150 

1994P 838,354 920,612 10138,222 771 2,315 3,903 19 152 1995P 850,230 918,553 1090,023 499 2,674 4,237 24 125 

1996P 896,921 918,780 1099,951 653 2,642 3,807 20 138 

1997P 921,364 918,989 10113,669 152 3,372 4,065 24 137 1998P 936,619 923,300 10166,528 431 4,102 4,588 29 137 

1999P 940,922 924,058 10152,493 544 3,735 4,820 19 138 

2000P 985,821 930,016 10138,513 454 3,275 5,206 25 134 2001P 966,739 930,849 10157,486 397 3,660 5,261 30 140 

Commercial Sector 11

1989P 1,125 1,085 883 0 0 30 1 2 

1990P 1,191 953 810 (s) 0 43 1 2 

1991P 1,228 786 551 (s) 0 52 1 2 1992P 1,175 548 675 (s) 2 62 1 2 

1993P 1,373 656 828 6 5 65 1 2 

1994P 1,344 1,015 588 0 4 72 1 1 1995P 1,419 812 413 (s) 4 78 0 1 

1996P 1,660 682 545 (s) 4 82 0 2 

1997P 1,738 1,053 509 0 4 87 (s) 2 1998P 1,443 854 932 0 4 87 (s) 2 

1999P 1,490 759 834 0 4 84 0 1 

2000P 1,547 908 676 3 6 85 0 1 2001E 1,499 648 676 3 6 80 0 1 

Industrial Sector 12

1989P 24,867 1,903 21,150 646 397 914 195 926 

1990P 24,866 2,352 20,207 1,305 1,509 985 252 1,012 

1991P 27,021 4,446 19,897 1,156 1,592 1,061 298 1,076 1992P 28,244 3,680 21,540 1,567 1,870 1,108 322 1,161 

1993P 28,886 3,788 23,684 1,343 1,583 1,125 297 1,170 

1994P 29,707 3,550 25,242 768 1,838 1,178 296 1,248 1995P 29,363 2,333 21,732 823 1,912 1,260 290 1,255 

1996P 29,434 2,983 24,111 1,815 1,950 1,289 325 1,249 

1997P 29,853 2,851 20,445 374 2,719 1,282 283 1,259 1998P 28,553 5,852 21,807 800 2,090 1,355 305 1,211 

1999P 27,763 5,799 18,993 1,268 2,251 1,401 331 1,213 

2000P 28,031 3,648 17,483 2,448 1,388 1,386 331 1,244 2001E 28,109 3,959 19,659 2,452 1,430 1,348 320 1,202 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, including a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 6 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 7 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies. 8 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants whose primary business is to sell

electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public—i.e., NAICS 22 plants. 9 Electric utility data are for light oil (fuel oil nos. 1 and 2, and small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel).

10 Electric utility data are for heavy oil (fuel oil nos. 5 and 6, and sm11 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and electricity

commercial sector NAICS codes.

12 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and electricity-only 

sector NAICS codes.

P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. (s)=Less than 0.5. Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independeWeb Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html.Sources: Tables 8.3b, 8.3c, and 8.3d.
234 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 8.4 Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector 

Coal and Petroleum Stocks, 1973-2001

1975 1980 1985 1990 

01234

Quadrillion Btu

Petroleum Stocks by Product, 2001

Residual Distillate 

0

10203040

34

20

Million Barrels

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared.Sources: Tables 8.4, A3, and A5.

1 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6, and small amounts of fuel oil no 4.2 Fuel oil nos. l and 2, and small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.3 Petroleum coke, which is reported in short tons, is converted at a rate of 5 barrels per 

short ton.

Coal Stocks, 1949-2001

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

50

100150200

Million Short Tons

Fuel Oil1 Fuel Oil2

Petroleum Stocks, 1949-2001

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

50

100150

Million Barrels
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 8.4 Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector, 1949-2001

Year

Coal 1

Petroleum

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Petroleum Coke 4 

Thousand Short Tons Thousand Barrels Thousand Short Tons 

1949 22,054 NA NA NA 1950 31,842 NA NA NA 1951 38,524 NA NA NA 1952 41,492 NA NA NA 1953 45,640 NA NA NA 1954 46,096 NA NA NA 1955 41,391 NA NA NA 1956 48,765 NA NA NA 1957 53,087 NA NA NA 1958 50,989 NA NA NA 1959 52,125 NA NA NA 1960 51,735 NA NA NA 1961 50,069 NA NA NA 1962 50,406 NA NA NA 1963 50,608 NA NA NA 1964 53,908 NA NA NA 1965 54,525 NA NA NA 1966 53,893 NA NA NA 1967 70,987 NA NA NA 1968 65,493 NA NA NA 1969 61,894 NA NA NA 1970 71,908 NA NA 239 1971 77,778 NA NA 291 1972 99,722 NA NA 287 1973 86,967 10,095 79,121 312 1974 83,509 15,199 97,718 35 1975 110,724 16,432 108,825 31 1976 117,436 14,703 106,993 32 1977 133,219 19,281 124,750 44 1978 128,225 16,386 102,402 198 1979 159,714 20,301 111,121 183 1980 183,010 30,023 105,351 52 1981 168,893 26,094 102,042 42 1982 181,132 23,369 95,515 41 1983 155,598 18,801 70,573 55 1984 179,727 19,116 68,503 50 1985 156,376 16,386 57,304 49 1986 161,806 16,269 56,841 40 1987 170,797 15,759 55,069 51 1988 146,507 15,099 54,187 86 1989 135,860 13,824 47,446 105 1990 156,166 16,471 67,030 94 1991 157,876 16,357 58,636 70 1992 154,130 15,714 56,135 67 1993 111,341 15,674 46,770 89 1994 126,897 16,644 46,344 69 1995 126,304 15,392 35,102 65 1996 114,623 15,216 32,473 91 1997 98,826 15,456 33,336 469 1998 120,501 16,343 37,451 559 19995,P R136,537 17,995 34,256 372 2000P R102,034 15,115 24,748 211 

2001P 129,417 20,225 34,381 373 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, and lignite. 2 For 1973-1979, gas turbine and internal combustion plant stocks of petroleum. For 1980-2001,

electric utility data are for light oil (fuel oil nos. 1 and 2, and small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel). 3 For 1973-1979, steam plant stocks of petroleum. For 1980-2001, electric utility data are for heavy oil(fuel oil nos. 5 and 6, and small amounts of fuel oil no. 4). 4 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 5 Through 1998, data are for stocks at electric utilities only. Beginning in 1999, data also include stocksat independent power producers.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Notes: The electric power sector (electric utilities and inde

electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants whose electricity and heat, to the public—i.e., NAICS 22 plants. Stocks 

equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html.Sources: See end of section.
236 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 8.5 Electricity End Use

Retail Sales1 by Sector, 1949-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1

0.00.51.01.5

Trillion Kilowatthours

1 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers by electric utilities and other energy service 

providers.

2 Commercial and industrial facility use of onsite net electricity generation; and electricity 

sales among adjacent or co-located facilities for which revenue information is not available.

3 Public street and highway lighting, other sales to public au

railways, and interdepartmental sales.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be cSource: Table 8.5.

Industrial

Commercial

Other3

Total End Use

Retail Sales1

Direct Use2

Retail Sales1 by Sector, 2001

Residential Commercial Industrial 

0.00.51.01.5

1.20

1.09

0.99

Trillion Kilowatthours

Overview, 1989-2001

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001

01234

Trillion Kilowatthours
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 8.5 Electricity End Use, 1949-2001 (Billion Kilowatthours)

Year

Retail Sales 1

Direct Use Residential Commercial Industrial Other 3 

2 Total

1949 67 45 123 20 255 NA 1950 72 51 146 22 291 NA 1951 83 57 166 24 330 NA 1952 94 62 176 24 356 NA 1953 104 67 199 26 396 NA 1954 116 72 208 27 424 NA 1955 128 79 260 29 497 NA 1956 143 87 286 30 546 NA 1957 157 94 294 31 576 NA 1958 169 100 287 32 588 NA 1959 185 112 315 36 647 NA 1960 201 131 324 32 688 NA 1961 214 138 337 32 722 NA 1962 233 153 360 32 778 NA 1963 251 171 377 34 833 NA 1964 272 187 405 32 896 NA 1965 291 200 429 34 954 NA 1966 317 218 464 37 1,035 NA 1967 340 234 485 40 1,099 NA 1968 382 258 521 42 1,203 NA 1969 427 282 559 46 1,314 NA 1970 466 307 571 48 1,392 NA 1971 500 329 589 51 1,470 NA 1972 539 359 641 56 1,595 NA 1973 579 388 686 59 1,713 NA 1974 578 385 685 58 1,706 NA 1975 588 403 688 68 1,747 NA 1976 606 425 754 70 1,855 NA 1977 645 447 786 71 1,948 NA 1978 674 461 809 73 2,018 NA 1979 683 473 842 73 2,071 NA 1980 717 488 815 74 2,094 NA 1981 722 514 826 85 2,147 NA 1982 730 526 745 86 2,086 NA 1983 751 544 776 80 2,151 NA 1984 780 583 838 85 2,286 NA 1985 794 606 837 87 2,324 NA 1986 819 631 831 89 2,369 NA 1987 850 660 858 88 2,457 NA 1988 893 699 896 90 2,578 NA 1989 906 726 926 90 2,647 RP108 1990 924 751 946 92 2,713 RP115 1991 955 766 947 94 2,762 RP118 

1992 936 761 973 93 2,763 P122 

1993 995 795 977 95 2,861 RP128 1994 1,008 820 1,008 98 2,935 RP134 

1995 1,043 863 1,013 95 3,013 RP144 

1996 1,083 887 1,034 98 3,101 RP146 1997 1,076 929 1,038 103 3,146 RP148 

1998 1,130 979 1,051 104 3,264 RP161 

1999 1,145 1,002 1,058 107 3,312 RP183 2000 1,192 R1,055 R1,064 R109 R3,421 RP183 

2001 1,201 1,085 994 117 3,397 E205 

1 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and other energy service

providers. 2 Public street and highway lighting, other sales to public authorities, sales to railroads and railways, andinterdepartmental sales. 3 Commercial and industrial facility use of onsite net electricity generation; and electricity sales amongadjacent or co-located facilities for which revenue information is not available.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. Notes: See Note 3 at end of section. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent

rounding.

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html.

Sources: Retail Sales: 1949-September 1977—Federal Powe

Statement of Electric Operating Revenue and Income." October 

Regulatory Commission (FERC), Form FPC-5, "Monthly StatemenIncome." March 1980-1982—FERC, Form FPC-5, "Electric 

1983—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIA-82

Statement." 1984-1990—EIA, Form EIA-861, "Annual Electric U

Electric Power Monthly (June 2002), Table 44. Direct Use: 198

Nonutility Power Producer Report." 1998-2000—EIA, Form EReport—Nonutility." 2001—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Repo
238 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 8.6 Average Retail Prices of Electricity

Real, 1960-2001

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 

02468

1012

Cents per Kilowatt hour

1 In chained (1996) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price 

defflators. See Table E1.

2 Public street and highway lighting, other sales to public authorities, sales to railroads and 

railways, and interdepartmental sales.

Notes: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not bSource: Table 8.6.

Total, 1960-2001

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

02468

10

Cents per Kilowatt hour Nominal

Residential

 Other2

Industrial

Commercial 

Real1

 Other2

Industrial

Commercial 

Residential

Nominal, 1960-2001

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

02468

1012

Cents per Kilowatt hour

By Sector, 2001

Residential Commercial Indu

02468

10

8.57

7.91

5.07

7.84

7.23

Cents per Kilowatt hour
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 8.6 Average Retail Prices of Electricity, 1960-2001 (Cents per Kilowatthour)

Year

Residential Commercial Industrial Other 1 

Nominal Real 2 Nominal Real 2 Nominal Real 2 Nominal Real 2 

1960 2.6 11.7 2.4 10.8 1.1 5.0 1.9 8.6 1961 2.6 11.6 2.4 10.7 1.1 4.9 1.8 8.0 1962 2.6 11.4 2.4 10.6 1.1 4.8 1.9 8.4 1963 2.5 10.9 2.3 10.0 1.0 4.4 1.8 7.8 1964 2.5 10.7 2.2 9.4 1.0 4.3 1.8 7.7 1965 2.4 10.1 2.2 9.2 1.0 4.2 1.8 7.6 1966 2.3 9.4 2.1 8.6 1.0 4.1 1.8 7.4 1967 2.3 9.1 2.1 8.3 1.0 4.0 1.8 7.1 1968 2.3 8.8 2.1 8.0 1.0 3.8 1.8 6.8 1969 2.2 8.0 2.1 7.6 1.0 3.6 1.7 6.2 1970 2.2 7.6 2.1 7.2 1.0 3.4 1.8 6.2 1971 2.3 7.5 2.2 7.2 1.1 3.6 1.9 6.2 1972 2.4 7.5 2.3 7.2 1.2 3.8 2.0 6.3 1973 2.5 7.4 2.4 7.1 1.3 3.9 2.1 6.2 1974 3.1 8.5 3.0 8.2 1.7 4.6 2.8 7.6 1975 3.5 8.7 3.5 8.7 2.1 5.2 3.1 7.7 1976 3.7 8.8 3.7 8.8 2.2 5.2 3.3 7.8 1977 4.1 9.1 4.1 9.1 2.5 5.6 3.5 7.8 1978 4.3 8.9 4.4 9.1 2.8 5.8 3.6 7.5 1979 4.6 8.8 4.7 9.0 3.1 5.9 4.0 7.7 1980 5.4 9.5 5.5 9.6 3.7 6.5 4.8 8.4 1981 6.2 9.9 6.3 10.1 4.3 6.9 5.3 8.5 1982 6.9 10.4 6.9 10.4 5.0 7.6 5.9 8.9 1983 7.2 10.4 7.0 10.2 5.0 7.3 6.4 9.3 1984 7.15 10.01 7.13 9.98 4.83 6.76 5.90 8.26 1985 7.39 10.03 7.27 9.87 4.97 6.74 6.09 8.26 1986 7.42 9.85 7.20 9.56 4.93 6.55 6.11 8.11 1987 7.45 9.60 7.08 9.13 4.77 6.15 6.21 8.00 1988 7.48 9.33 7.04 8.78 4.70 5.86 6.20 7.73 1989 7.65 9.19 7.20 8.65 4.72 5.67 6.25 7.51 1990 7.83 9.05 7.34 8.48 4.74 5.48 6.40 7.40 1991 8.04 8.97 7.53 8.40 4.83 5.39 6.51 7.26 1992 8.21 8.94 7.66 8.34 4.83 5.26 6.74 7.34 1993 8.32 8.85 7.74 8.23 4.85 5.16 6.88 7.32 1994 8.38 8.73 7.73 8.05 4.77 4.97 6.84 7.12 1995 8.40 8.56 7.69 7.84 4.66 4.75 6.88 7.01 1996 8.36 8.36 7.64 7.64 4.60 4.60 6.91 6.91 1997 8.43 8.27 7.59 7.44 4.53 4.44 6.91 6.78 1998 8.26 8.00 7.41 7.18 4.48 4.34 6.63 6.42 1999 8.16 R7.80 7.26 R6.94 4.43 4.23 6.35 R6.07 

2000 R8.24 R7.70 R7.43 R6.94 R4.64 R4.33 R6.56 R6.13 

2001 8.57 7.84 7.91 7.23 5.07 4.64 6.45 5.90 

1 Public street and highway lighting, other sales to public authorities, sales to railroads and railways, and

interdepartmental sales. 2 In chained (1996) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. SeeTable E1.

R=Revised. Notes: Data represent revenue from electricity retail sales divided by electricity retail sales. Through

1979, data are for Classes A and B privately owned electric utilities only. For 1980-1982, data are forselected Class A utilities whose electric operating revenues were $100 million or more during the previousyear. For 1983, data are for a selected sample of electric utilities. Beginning in 1984, data are for a census

of electric utilities. Beginning in 1996, data also include energy ser

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html.Sources: 1960 through September 1977—Federal Powe

Statement of Electric Operating Revenues and Income." Octobe

Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), Form FPC-5, "Monthly Sand Income." March 1980 through 1982—FERC, Form FERStatement." 1983—Energy Information Administration (EIA), F

Monthly Statement." 1984-1989—EIA, Form EIA-861, "An

forward—EIA, Electric Power Monthly (July 2002), Table 52.
240 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 8.7 Electric Net Summer Capability

Total (All Sectors) by Major Sources, 2001

Coal Dual Natural Hydro- Nuclear 

0

100200300400

316

147 135

99 98

Million Kilowatts

Total (All Sectors), 1949-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

300600900

Million Kilowatts

Electricity-Only and Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants, 2001

Electricity- Independent Commercial Industrial 0

200400600800 790

36 2 27

Million Kilowatts

Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants, 1989-2001

1990 1992 1994 1996 

0

153045

Million Kilowatts

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be comSources: Tables 8.7a, 8.7b, and 8.7c.

Independent

Power

Producers Commerc

Industrial

Sector

1 Petroleum and natural gas.2 Conventional and pumped storage.3 Other gases, geothermal, solar, wind, and other.

electric

Power2

Fired1 

Nuclear

Electric

Renewable Energy Power

Fossil Fuels

Total

Electric

Power

Gas 

Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants

Only Power Producers Sector Sector

Plants
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 8.7a Electric Net Summer Capacity: Total (All Sectors), 1949-2001 (Million Kilowatts)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Dual

Fired 4

Other

Gases 5 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power Wood 6 Waste 7

Geothermal Solar 8 Win

1949 NA NA NA NA NA 44.9 0.0 10 ( ) 18.5 (s) 11 ( ) NA NA N

1950 NA NA NA NA NA 50.0 0.0 10 ( ) 19.2 (s) 11 ( ) NA NA N

1951 NA NA NA NA NA 55.0 0.0 10 ( ) 20.5 (s) 11 ( ) NA NA N1952 NA NA NA NA NA 60.8 0.0 10 ( ) 22.4 (s) 11 ( ) NA NA N

1953 NA NA NA NA NA 69.5 0.0 10 ( ) 23.8 (s) 11 ( ) NA NA N

1954 NA NA NA NA NA 77.5 0.0 10 ( ) 22.5 (s) 11 ( ) NA NA N1955 NA NA NA NA NA 86.8 0.0 10 ( ) 27.4 (s) 11 ( ) NA NA N

1956 NA NA NA NA NA 91.2 0.0 10 ( ) 28.5 (s) 11 ( ) NA NA N

1957 NA NA NA NA NA 100.3 0.1 10 ( ) 30.7 0.1 11 ( ) NA NA N1958 NA NA NA NA NA 110.7 0.1 10 ( ) 32.5 0.1 11 ( ) NA NA N

1959 NA NA NA NA NA 121.0 0.1 10 ( ) 34.8 0.1 11 ( ) NA NA N

1960 NA NA NA NA NA 130.8 0.4 10 ( ) 35.8 0.1 11 ( ) (s) NA N1961 NA NA NA NA NA 137.8 0.4 10 ( ) 40.7 0.1 11 ( ) (s) NA N

1962 NA NA NA NA NA 147.3 0.7 10 ( ) 44.0 0.1 11 ( ) (s) NA N

1963 NA NA NA NA NA 161.8 0.8 10 ( ) 47.0 0.1 11 ( ) (s) NA N1964 NA NA NA NA NA 173.4 0.8 10 ( ) 49.4 0.1 11 ( ) (s) NA N

1965 NA NA NA NA NA 182.9 0.8 10 ( ) 51.0 0.1 11 ( ) (s) NA N

1966 NA NA NA NA NA 194.5 1.7 10 ( ) 51.2 0.1 11 ( ) (s) NA N1967 NA NA NA NA NA 208.9 2.7 10 ( ) 55.0 0.1 11 ( ) 0.1 NA N

1968 NA NA NA NA NA 223.2 2.7 10 ( ) 57.9 0.1 11 ( ) 0.1 NA N

1969 NA NA NA NA NA 243.6 4.4 10 ( ) 61.6 0.1 11 ( ) 0.1 NA N1970 NA NA NA NA NA 265.4 7.0 10 ( ) 63.8 0.1 11 ( ) 0.1 NA N

1971 NA NA NA NA NA 288.0 9.0 10 ( ) 69.1 0.1 11 ( ) 0.2 NA N

1972 NA NA NA NA NA 310.7 14.5 10 ( ) 70.5 0.1 11 ( ) 0.3 NA N1973 NA NA NA NA NA 341.2 22.7 10 ( ) 75.4 0.1 11 ( ) 0.4 NA N

1974 NA NA NA NA NA 360.7 31.9 10 ( ) 75.5 0.1 11 ( ) 0.4 NA N

1975 NA NA NA NA NA 375.1 37.3 10 ( ) 78.4 0.1 11 ( ) 0.5 NA N1976 NA NA NA NA NA 394.8 43.8 10 ( ) 78.0 0.1 11 ( ) 0.5 NA N

1977 NA NA NA NA NA 410.4 46.3 10 ( ) 78.6 0.1 11 ( ) 0.5 NA N

1978 NA NA NA NA NA 420.8 50.8 10 ( ) 79.9 0.1 11 ( ) 0.5 NA N1979 NA NA NA NA NA 432.1 49.7 10 ( ) 82.9 0.1 11 ( ) 0.7 NA N

1980 NA NA NA NA NA 444.1 51.8 10 ( ) 81.7 0.1 11 ( ) 0.9 NA N

1981 NA NA NA NA NA 458.9 56.0 10 ( ) 82.4 0.1 11 ( ) 0.9 NA (1982 NA NA NA NA NA 469.6 60.0 10 ( ) 83.0 0.1 11 ( ) 1.0 NA (

1983 NA NA NA NA NA 472.8 63.0 10 ( ) 83.9 0.2 11 ( ) 1.2 NA (

1984 NA NA NA NA NA 478.6 69.7 10 ( ) 85.3 0.3 11 ( ) 1.2 12 ( ) (1985 NA NA NA NA NA 485.0 79.4 10 ( ) 88.9 0.2 0.2 1.6 12 ( ) (

1986 NA NA NA NA NA 488.3 85.2 10 ( ) 89.3 0.2 0.2 1.6 12 ( ) (

1987 NA NA NA NA NA 488.8 93.6 10 ( ) 89.7 0.2 0.2 1.5 12 ( ) (1988 NA NA NA NA NA 490.6 94.7 10 ( ) 90.3 0.2 0.2 1.7 12 ( ) (1989P,13 R303.1 R48.9 R54.2 R111.7 R1.5 R519.4 98.2 18.1 R74.1 R5.2 2.1 2.6 R0.2 R11990P R307.4 R49.0 R56.2 R113.6 R1.6 R527.8 99.6 19.5 R73.9 R5.5 R2.5 2.7 0.3 R11991P R307.4 R47.3 R60.8 R113.7 R2.1 R531.4 99.6 R18.4 R76.0 R6.1 R2.9 2.6 0.3 R1

1992P R309.4 R45.6 R60.7 R118.9 R2.1 R536.7 99.0 21.2 74.8 R6.2 3.0 2.9 0.3 1

1993P R310.1 R44.0 R65.5 R120.2 R1.9 R541.8 R99.0 21.1 77.4 R6.5 R3.1 R2.9 0.3 11994P R311.4 R42.7 R70.7 R123.1 R2.1 R550.0 99.1 21.2 78.0 R6.7 R3.3 3.0 0.3 1

1995P R311.4 R43.7 R75.4 R122.0 R1.7 554.2 99.5 21.4 78.6 R6.7 3.5 3.0 0.3 1

1996P R313.4 R43.6 R74.5 R128.6 R1.7 R561.7 100.8 21.1 76.4 R6.8 R3.6 2.9 0.3 11997P R313.6 R43.2 R76.3 R129.4 R1.5 R564.1 99.7 19.3 R79.4 R6.9 R3.6 2.9 0.3 1

1998P R315.8 R40.4 R75.8 R130.4 R1.5 R563.9 97.1 R19.5 R79.2 6.8 R3.7 2.9 R0.3 1

1999P R315.5 R35.6 R73.6 R146.0 R1.9 R572.6 R97.4 R19.6 R79.4 R6.8 R3.7 R2.8 0.4 22000P R316.0 R36.0 R95.7 R149.8 R2.3 R599.8 R97.9 R19.5 R79.4 R6.1 R3.9 R2.8 0.4 R2

2001E 316.2 38.4 135.3 147.5 2.3 639.7 98.1 19.5 79.4 6.2 3.9 2.8 0.4 4

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, including a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Petroleum and natural gas. 5 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 6 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 7 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy. 9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies. 10 Included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power." 11 Included in "Wood." 12 Included in "Wind." 13 Through 1988, data are for net summer capacity at electric ut

include net summer capacity at independent power producers, com

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. (s)=Notes: Data are at end of year. See Note 4 at end of se

components due to independent rounding. Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html. Sources: Tables 8.7b and 8.7c.
242 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Table 8.7b Electric Net Summer Capacity at Electricity-Only Plants: Electric Power Sector, 1949-20 (Million Kilowatts)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Dual

Fired 4

Other

Gases 5 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power Wood 6 Waste 7

Geothermal Solar 8 Wind 

1949 NA NA NA NA NA 44.9 0 10 ( ) 18.5 (s) 11 ( ) NA NA NA 

1950 NA NA NA NA NA 50.0 0 10 ( ) 19.2 (s) 11 ( ) NA NA NA 

1951 NA NA NA NA NA 55.0 0 10 ( ) 20.5 (s) 11 ( ) NA NA NA 1952 NA NA NA NA NA 60.8 0 10 ( ) 22.4 (s) 11 ( ) NA NA NA 

1953 NA NA NA NA NA 69.5 0 10 ( ) 23.8 (s) 11 ( ) NA NA NA 

1954 NA NA NA NA NA 77.5 0 10 ( ) 22.5 (s) 11 ( ) NA NA NA 1955 NA NA NA NA NA 86.8 0 10 ( ) 27.4 (s) 11 ( ) NA NA NA 

1956 NA NA NA NA NA 91.2 0 10 ( ) 28.5 (s) 11 ( ) NA NA NA 

1957 NA NA NA NA NA 100.3 0.1 10 ( ) 30.7 0.1 11 ( ) NA NA NA 1958 NA NA NA NA NA 110.7 0.1 10 ( ) 32.5 0.1 11 ( ) NA NA NA 

1959 NA NA NA NA NA 121.0 0.1 10 ( ) 34.8 0.1 11 ( ) NA NA NA 

1960 NA NA NA NA NA 130.8 0.4 10 ( ) 35.8 0.1 11 ( ) (s) NA NA 1961 NA NA NA NA NA 137.8 0.4 10 ( ) 40.7 0.1 11 ( ) (s) NA NA 

1962 NA NA NA NA NA 147.3 0.7 10 ( ) 44.0 0.1 11 ( ) (s) NA NA 

1963 NA NA NA NA NA 161.8 0.8 10 ( ) 47.0 0.1 11 ( ) (s) NA NA 1964 NA NA NA NA NA 173.4 0.8 10 ( ) 49.4 0.1 11 ( ) (s) NA NA 

1965 NA NA NA NA NA 182.9 0.8 10 ( ) 51.0 0.1 11 ( ) (s) NA NA 

1966 NA NA NA NA NA 194.5 1.7 10 ( ) 51.2 0.1 11 ( ) (s) NA NA 1967 NA NA NA NA NA 208.9 2.7 10 ( ) 55.0 0.1 11 ( ) 0.1 NA NA 

1968 NA NA NA NA NA 223.2 2.7 10 ( ) 57.9 0.1 11 ( ) 0.1 NA NA 

1969 NA NA NA NA NA 243.6 4.4 10 ( ) 61.6 0.1 11 ( ) 0.1 NA NA 1970 NA NA NA NA NA 265.4 7.0 10 ( ) 63.8 0.1 11 ( ) 0.1 NA NA 

1971 NA NA NA NA NA 288.0 9.0 10 ( ) 69.1 0.1 11 ( ) 0.2 NA NA 

1972 NA NA NA NA NA 310.7 14.5 10 ( ) 70.5 0.1 11 ( ) 0.3 NA NA 1973 NA NA NA NA NA 341.2 22.7 10 ( ) 75.4 0.1 11 ( ) 0.4 NA NA 

1974 NA NA NA NA NA 360.7 31.9 10 ( ) 75.5 0.1 11 ( ) 0.4 NA NA 

1975 NA NA NA NA NA 375.1 37.3 10 ( ) 78.4 0.1 11 ( ) 0.5 NA NA 1976 NA NA NA NA NA 394.8 43.8 10 ( ) 78.0 0.1 11 ( ) 0.5 NA NA 

1977 NA NA NA NA NA 410.4 46.3 10 ( ) 78.6 0.1 11 ( ) 0.5 NA NA 

1978 NA NA NA NA NA 420.8 50.8 10 ( ) 79.9 0.1 11 ( ) 0.5 NA NA 1979 NA NA NA NA NA 432.1 49.7 10 ( ) 82.9 0.1 11 ( ) 0.7 NA NA 

1980 NA NA NA NA NA 444.1 51.8 10 ( ) 81.7 0.1 11 ( ) 0.9 NA NA 

1981 NA NA NA NA NA 458.9 56.0 10 ( ) 82.4 0.1 11 ( ) 0.9 NA (s) 1982 NA NA NA NA NA 469.6 60.0 10 ( ) 83.0 0.1 11 ( ) 1.0 NA (s) 

1983 NA NA NA NA NA 472.8 63.0 10 ( ) 83.9 0.2 11 ( ) 1.2 NA (s) 

1984 NA NA NA NA NA 478.6 69.7 10 ( ) 85.3 0.3 11 ( ) 1.2 12 ( ) (s) 1985 NA NA NA NA NA 485.0 79.4 10 ( ) 88.9 0.2 0.2 1.6 12 ( ) (s) 

1986 NA NA NA NA NA 488.3 85.2 10 ( ) 89.3 0.2 0.2 1.6 12 ( ) (s) 

1987 NA NA NA NA NA 488.8 93.6 10 ( ) 89.7 0.2 0.2 1.5 12 ( ) (s) 1988 NA NA NA NA NA 490.6 94.7 10 ( ) 90.3 0.2 0.2 1.7 12 ( ) (s) 1989P,13 296.5 47.9 43.2 106.1 0.4 494.2 98.2 18.1 73.6 0.9 1.5 2.6 0.2 1.5 1990P 299.9 47.8 44.1 106.4 0.4 498.6 99.6 19.5 73.3 1.0 1.9 2.7 0.3 1.8 1991P 299.6 46.0 48.4 106.1 0.7 500.8 99.6 18.4 75.4 1.1 2.2 2.6 0.3 1.9 

1992P 300.8 44.4 47.7 109.5 0.7 503.1 99.0 21.2 74.2 1.2 2.3 2.9 0.3 1.8 

1993P 301.2 42.8 49.8 111.2 0.7 505.7 99.0 21.1 76.8 1.2 2.4 2.9 0.3 1.8 1994P 301.6 41.4 51.5 113.5 0.7 508.7 99.1 21.2 76.9 1.5 2.5 3.0 0.3 1.7 

1995P 301.3 42.4 55.5 112.1 0.3 511.5 99.5 21.4 77.4 1.5 2.7 3.0 0.3 1.7 

1996P 303.1 42.2 52.9 118.6 0.1 516.9 100.8 21.1 75.3 1.4 2.6 2.9 0.3 1.7 1997P 303.6 41.7 54.1 119.1 0.2 518.7 99.7 19.3 78.3 1.5 2.5 2.9 0.3 1.6 

1998P 305.9 38.8 50.3 122.5 0.1 517.5 97.1 19.5 78.0 1.4 2.6 2.9 0.3 1.7 

1999P 305.5 34.2 49.8 135.2 0.2 525.0 97.4 19.6 78.3 1.5 2.6 2.8 0.4 2.3 2000P 305.8 34.5 67.6 141.8 0.1 549.7 97.9 19.5 78.2 1.5 2.8 2.8 0.4 2.4 

2001P 306.0 37.0 100.3 139.5 0.1 582.8 98.1 19.5 78.3 1.5 2.8 2.8 0.4 4.1 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, including a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Petroleum and natural gas. 5 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 6 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 7 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy. 9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies. 10 Included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power." 11 Included in "Wood." 12 Included in "Wind." 13 Through 1988, data are for net summer capacity at electric utili

include net summer capacity at independent power producers. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 million kilow

Notes: Data on this table for the electric power sector (ele

producers) are for electricity-only plants whose primary business iNAICS 22 electricity-only plants. For 1949-2001, also includes el(CHP) plants. Data are at end of year. See Note 4 at end of secomponents due to independent rounding. Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html. Sources: See end of section.
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 8.7c Electric Net Summer Capacity at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants by Sector, 1989-2001 (Million Kilowatts)

Year

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Dual

Fired 4

Other

Gases 5 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power 6 Wood 7 Waste 8 Total

Electric Power Sector (Independent Power Producers Only) 10

1989P 1.5 0.1 2.9 3.2 0 7.7 0 0.2 0.2 0.4 

1990P 2.4 0.1 3.9 4.4 0 10.7 0 0.2 0.2 0.5 

1991P 2.9 0.3 4.5 4.8 0 12.5 0 0.2 0.2 0.5 1992P 3.5 0.3 4.3 6.6 (s) 14.7 0 0.2 0.2 0.5 

1993P 3.8 0.3 6.3 6.4 0 16.8 0 0.2 0.2 0.5 

1994P 4.5 0.3 9.6 6.8 0 21.0 0 0.3 0.2 0.5 1995P 4.8 0.3 10.0 7.0 0 22.1 0 0.4 0.2 0.6 

1996P 5.0 0.3 11.5 7.2 0 24.0 0 0.3 0.3 0.6 

1997P 4.9 0.3 11.6 7.6 (s) 24.4 0 0.3 0.4 0.7 1998P 5.0 0.4 14.1 6.0 0 25.5 0 0.4 0.4 0.7 

1999P 5.2 0.2 11.8 8.4 0 25.7 0 0.4 0.4 0.7 

2000P 5.2 0.4 15.1 6.1 0.3 27.1 0 0.2 0.5 0.7 2001E 5.2 0.5 22.8 6.2 0.3 35.0 (s) 0.3 0.5 0.9 

Commercial Sector 11

1989P 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.6 0 1.0 (s) (s) 0.2 0.2 

1990P 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.6 0 1.2 (s) (s) 0.2 0.2 

1991P 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.6 0 1.1 (s) (s) 0.2 0.3 1992P 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.6 0 1.2 (s) (s) 0.2 0.3 

1993P 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.6 0 1.3 (s) (s) 0.3 0.3 

1994P 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.9 0 1.7 (s) (s) 0.3 0.3 1995P 0.3 0.2 0.3 1.0 0 1.8 (s) (s) 0.3 0.3 

1996P 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.9 0 1.8 (s) (s) 0.4 0.5 

1997P 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.9 0 1.9 (s) (s) 0.4 0.5 1998P 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.7 0 1.8 (s) (s) 0.5 0.5 

1999P 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.8 0 1.8 (s) (s) 0.5 0.5 

2000P 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.6 0 1.8 (s) (s) 0.4 0.4 2001E 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.6 0 1.5 (s) (s) 0.4 0.4 

Industrial Sector 12

1989P 4.8 0.7 7.9 1.8 1.2 16.5 0.5 4.1 0.2 4.8 

1990P 4.8 0.9 8.1 2.2 1.3 17.3 0.6 4.3 0.2 5.1 

1991P 4.7 0.8 7.8 2.3 1.4 17.1 0.6 4.8 0.2 5.6 1992P 4.8 0.8 8.4 2.2 1.4 17.6 0.6 4.8 0.3 5.6 

1993P 4.9 0.8 9.1 1.9 1.2 18.0 0.6 5.0 0.3 5.8 

1994P 5.0 0.9 9.3 1.9 1.4 18.5 1.1 5.0 0.3 6.3 1995P 5.0 0.8 9.5 1.9 1.4 18.7 1.1 4.9 0.2 6.3 

1996P 5.0 0.8 9.6 1.9 1.6 19.0 1.1 5.1 0.2 6.4 

1997P 4.8 1.0 10.3 1.7 1.3 19.2 1.1 5.1 0.2 6.5 1998P 4.6 1.0 10.8 1.3 1.5 19.1 1.1 5.0 0.2 6.3 

1999P 4.4 0.8 11.5 1.6 1.7 20.1 1.1 5.0 0.2 6.2 

2000P 4.6 0.8 12.5 1.3 2.0 21.2 1.1 4.4 0.2 5.7 2001E 4.6 0.8 11.7 1.3 2.0 20.4 1.1 4.4 0.2 5.7 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, including a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels. 4 Petroleum and natural gas. 5 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 6 Includes combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants that use multiple sources of energy including

hydropower. 7 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 8 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.

10 CHP plants whose primary business is to sell electricity and heat to the public—i.e., NAICS 22 CHP

plants. For 1989-2001, does not include electric utility CHP plants—

Sector" on Table 8.7b.

11 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small nu

plants. See Appendix G for commercial sector NAICS codes.

12 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small numbe

See Appendix G for industrial sector NAICS codes.

P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. (s)=Less than 0.05 million kilowatts. Notes: Data are at end of year. See Note 4 at end of sect

components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html. Sources: See end of section. 
244 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 8.8 Electric Noncoincident Peak Load and Capacity Margin

U.S. Peak Load, 1986-2001

1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001

0

200400600800

Gigawatts

Capacity Margin, 1996-2001

1996 1997 1998 

0

10203040

Percent

Notes:  Noncoincident peak load is the sum of two or more peak loads on individual 

systems that do not occur at the same time interval. See Glossary for information on North American Electric Reliability Council (NERC). Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared.

 Source: Table 8.8.

North American Electric Reliability Council Map for the 

Summer

Winter

By NERC Region, 2001

ECAR ERCOT FRCC MAAC MAIN MAPP NPCC SERC SPP WSCC

0

4080

120160

102

57

38

53 55

30

54

160

41

119

90

44 42 44 44

25

46

139

30

102

Gigawatts

Summer Winter

(U.S.) (U.S.) (U.S.)

Wi

Su

Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 8.8 Electric Noncoincident Peak Load and Capacity Margin, 1986-2001 (Megawatts, Except as Noted)

Year

Noncoincident Peak Load 

North American Electric Reliability Council Regions 1

Contiguous

United

States

ASCC

(Alaska) Ha

ECAR ERCOT FRCC MAAC MAIN 

MAPP

(U.S.)

NPCC

(U.S.) SERC SPP

WSCC

(U.S.)

Summer

1986 69,606 39,335 — 37,564 35,943 21,029 39,026 105,570 47,123 81,787 476,983 3 ( ) 

( 

1987 72,561 39,339 — 40,526 37,446 23,162 42,651 109,798 47,723 82,967 496,173 3 ( ) 

( 

1988 79,149 40,843 — 43,110 41,139 24,899 45,245 115,168 49,356 90,551 529,460 3 ( ) 

( 

1989 75,442 40,402 — 41,614 39,460 23,531 45,031 117,051 49,439 90,657 522,627 455 

( 

1990 79,258 42,737 — 42,613 40,740 24,994 44,116 121,149 52,541 97,389 545,537 463 

( 

1991 81,539 41,870 — 45,937 41,598 25,498 46,594 124,688 51,885 92,096 551,705 471 

( 

1992 78,550 42,619 — 43,658 38,819 22,638 43,658 128,236 51,324 99,205 548,707 504 

( 

1993 85,930 44,255 — 46,494 41,956 24,396 46,706 136,101 57,106 97,809 580,753 511 

( 

1994 87,165 44,162 — 46,019 42,562 27,000 47,581 132,584 56,035 102,212 585,320 524 

( 

1995 92,619 46,618 — 48,577 45,782 29,192 47,705 146,569 59,595 103,592 620,249 622 

( 

1996 90,798 47,480 — 44,302 46,402 28,253 45,094 145,650 60,072 108,739 616,790 4 ( ) 

( 

1997 93,492 50,541 35,375 49,464 45,887 29,787 49,269 137,382 36,479 110,001 637,677 4 ( ) 

( 

1998 93,784 54,666 38,730 48,445 47,509 30,722 49,566 143,226 37,724 115,921 660,293 4 ( ) 

( 

1999 99,239 55,529 37,493 51,645 51,535 31,903 52,855 149,012 38,609 113,629 681,449 4 ( ) 

( 

2000 97,557 54,817 37,728 51,206 51,271 32,899 53,450 151,065 39,383 116,440 685,816 4 ( ) 

( 

2001F 102,161 56,759 38,478 52,977 55,368 29,814 54,270 159,930 40,522 118,887 709,166 4 ( ) 

( 

Winter

1986 64,561 28,730 — 32,807 28,036 18,850 37,976 101,849 33,877 76,171 422,857 3 ( ) 

( 

1987 68,118 31,399 — 35,775 30,606 19,335 41,902 105,476 34,472 81,182 448,265 3 ( ) 

( 

1988 67,771 34,621 — 36,363 30,631 20,162 42,951 108,649 35,649 82,937 459,734 3 ( ) 

( 

1989 73,080 38,388 — 38,161 33,770 20,699 42,588 121,995 42,268 84,768 495,717 626 

( 

1990 67,097 35,815 — 36,551 32,461 21,113 40,545 117,231 38,949 94,252 484,014 613 

( 

1991 71,181 35,448 — 37,983 33,420 21,432 41,786 119,575 38,759 86,097 485,681 622 

( 

1992 72,885 35,055 — 37,915 31,289 21,866 41,125 121,250 39,912 91,686 492,983 635 

( 

1993 81,846 35,407 — 41,406 34,966 21,955 42,063 133,635 41,644 88,811 521,733 632 

( 

1994 75,638 36,180 — 40,653 33,999 23,033 42,547 132,661 42,505 91,037 518,253 641 

( 

1995 83,465 36,965 — 40,790 35,734 23,429 42,755 142,032 44,626 94,890 544,686 676 

( 

1996 84,534 38,868 — 40,468 37,162 24,251 41,208 143,060 49,095 95,435 554,081 4 ( ) 

( 

1997 75,760 37,966 33,076 37,217 34,973 25,390 41,338 122,649 27,437 94,158 529,964 4 ( ) 

( 

1998 84,401 41,876 39,975 36,532 37,410 26,080 44,119 127,416 27,847 101,822 567,478 4 ( ) 

( 

1999 86,239 39,164 40,178 40,220 39,081 25,200 45,227 128,563 27,963 99,080 570,915 4 ( ) 

( 

2000 86,455 44,287 40,894 43,139 39,742 27,363 45,170 134,488 28,375 102,435 592,348 4 ( ) 

( 

2001F 90,041 44,394 42,208 43,809 43,663 24,661 45,650 139,459 29,804 102,237 605,926 4 ( ) 

( 

1 See Glossary for information on the North American Electric Reliablility Council (NERC) Regions. 

Data include the U.S. portion of NERC only. See Figure 8.8 for an illustration of NERC regions. 2 The percent by which planned generating capacity resources are expected to be greater (or less) thanestimated net internal demand at the time of expected peak summer (or winter) demand. Net internaldemand does not include estimated demand for direct control load management and customers withinterruptible service agreements. 3 Data submission for ASCC (Alaska) began in 1989.

4 Data were not filed.

R=Revised. F=Forecast. NA=Not available. — = Not applicable. Note: Noncoincident peak load is the sum of two or more peak lo

occur at the same time interval.

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html.Sources: 1986-1990—Energy Information Administration (EIA)

1992), Table 53. 1991 forward—EIA, Electric Power Annual Volum
246 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Source: Table 8.9.

Figure 8.9 Electric Utility Demand-Side Management Programs

1 Nominal dollars.

Actual Peakload Reductions Total, 1989-2000

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999

0

10203040

12 14 16 17

23 25

30 30

25

27 26

23

Gigawatts

Energy Savings, 1989-2000

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999

0

1530456075

15

20

25

36

45

52

57

62

56

49 51 54

Billion Kilowatthours

Costs, 1989-2000

1989 1991 1993 1995 19

0123

0.9

1.2

1.8

2.3

2.7 2.7

2.4

1.9

1

Billion Dollars1

Actual Peakload Reductions, 2

Total: 22,901 Megawatts

Energy Efficiency

(12,873)

 56%

Load Management

(10,027)

 44%
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 8.9 Electric Utility Demand-Side Management Programs, 1989-2000

Year

Actual Peakload Reductions 1

(megawatts)

Energy Savings

(million kilowatthours)

Load Management 

2 Energy Efficiency 3 Total

1989 NA NA 12,463 14,672 1990 7,911 55,793 13,704 20,458 1991 8,767 56,852 15,619 24,848 1992 7,357 59,847 17,204 35,563 

1993 10,583 512,486 23,069 45,294 

1994 10,922 514,079 25,001 52,483 1995 13,753 515,807 29,561 57,421 

1996 12,965 516,928 29,893 61,842 

1997 11,958 13,326 25,284 56,406 1998 13,640 13,591 27,231 49,167 1999 13,003 13,452 26,455 50,563 2000 10,027 12,873 22,901 53,701 

1 The actual reduction in peak load reflects the change in demand for electricity that results from a utility

demand-side management program that is in effect at the time that the utility experiences its actual peakload as opposed to the potential installed peakload reduction capability. Differences between actual andpotential peak reduction result from changes in weather, economic activity, and other variable conditions. 2 Load Management includes programs such as Direct Load Control and Interruptible Load Control, andbeginning in 1997, "other types" of demand-side management programs. Direct load control refers toprogram activities that can interrupt consumer load at the time of annual peak load by direct control of theutility system operator by interrupting power supply to individual appliances or equipment on consumerpremises. This type of control usually involves residential consumers. Interruptible load refers to programactivities that, in accordance with contractual arrangements, can interrupt consumer load at times ofseasonal peak load by direct control of the utility system operator or by action of the consumer at the directrequest of the system operator. It usually involves commercial and industrial consumers. In someinstances, the load reduction may be affected by direct action of the system operator (remote tripping) afternotice to the consumer in accordance with contractual provisions. "Other types" are programs that limit orshift peak loads from on-peak to off-peak time periods, such as space heating and water heating storagesystems.

3 Energy efficiency refers to programs that are aimed at reducing the e

devices and systems, typically without affecting the services provided. Telectricity consumption, often without explicit consideration for the timing Such savings are generally achieved by substituting technically more advasame level of end-use services (e.g., lighting, heating, motor drive) with leshigh-efficiency appliances, efficient lighting programs, high-efficiency conditioning systems or control modifications, efficient building design, advaheat recovery systems. 4 Nominal dollars. 5 From 1989 to 1996, Energy Efficiency includes "other types" of demanBeginning in 1997, these programs are included under Load Management.

NA=Not available. Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html.Sources: 1989-1999—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Electri

2000—EIA, Form EIA-861, "Annual Electric Utility Report." 
Electricity

Note 1. Electrical system energy losses are estimated as the difference between total energy consumed to generate electricity and the total energy

content of electricity consumed by end users. Most of these losses occur atsteam-electric power plants (conventional and nuclear) in the conversionof heat energy into mechanical energy to turn electric generators. This lossis a thermodynamically necessary feature of the steam-electric cycle. Partof the energy input-to-output losses are a result of imputing fossil energyequivalent inputs for hydroelectric and other energy sources, since there isno generally accepted practice for measuring these thermal conversionrates. In addition to conversion losses, other losses include power plant useof electricity, transmission and distribution of electricity from power plantsto end-use consumers (also called “line-losses”), and unaccounted-for electricity. Total losses are allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion toeach sector’s share of total electricity sales. Overall, approximately 67 percent of total energy input is lost in conversion; of electricity generated, approximately 5 percent is lost in plant use and 9 percent is lost intransmission and distribution. Calculated electrical energy transmission system losses may be less than actual losses, because primary consumptiondoes not include the energy equivalent of electricity imports from Canadaand Mexico, although they are included in electricity end use.Note 2. Prior to 1985, electric utility statistics included data reported by institutions (such as universities) and military facilities that generated electricity primarily for their own use. Beginning in 1985, electric utilitystatistics exclude data for these facilities.Note 3. Data on electric utility retail sales of electricity represent grossoutput of electricity (measured at the generator terminals) minus powerplant use and transmission and distribution losses. Included in eachend-use sector are the following: Commercial Sector–sales of electricity tobusinesses that generally require less than 1,000 kilowatts of service; Industrial Sector–sales of electricity to businesses that generally require morethan 1,000 kilowatts of service; Residential Sector–sales of electricity toresidences for household purposes; “Other” Sector–sales of electricity forpublic street and highway lighting, to public authorities, railways, and railroads, and interdepartmental sales.Note 4. Electric utility net summer capacities were first collected on FormEIA-860 for 1984. Units not assigned a net summer capacity rating by the

utility were given an estimated rating by use of tween installed nameplate capacity and net prime mover. To estimate net summer capacity 1984, two methods were used. For each prime “other,” net summer capacity estimates were cathe unit capacity values reported on Form EIAcontained in the 1984 Generating Unit Referento compute preliminary aggregate estimates of and installed nameplate capacity. These preli

tained by aggregating unit capacity values for given year. Next, the ratio of the preliminary 

mate was computed for each year and multiplished installed nameplate capacity values to prnet summer capacity. The net summer capacity units were used directly from the 1984 GURF gregates were then developed by using the unit Historical capacity has also been modified to ethe operable definition. This was accomplisheclear generating units became operable betwetheir commercial operation dates, depending time period. The actual operable dates for nshould be noted that nonutility net summer carently collected for nonutilities, are estimated bcapacity data.Table 8.1 Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/fTable 8.1 SourcesNet Generation, Electric Utilities • 1949-Power Commission, Form FPC-4, “Monthly Pober 1977-1981—Federal Energy Regulatory “Monthly Power Plant Report.” • 1982-2000ministration (EIA), Form EIA-759, “Monthl2001—EIA, Form EIA-906, “Power Plant Rep

pendent Power Producers: • 1989-1997—EINonutility Power Producer Report.” • 1998-20“Annual Electric Generator Report—NonutilEIA-906, “Power Plant Report.” Net Genera8.2c. Net Generation, Industrial: Table 8.2c

1949-September 1977—unpublished Federal P

248 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001
October 1977-1980—unpublished Economic Regulatory Administration

(ERA) data. • 1981—Department of Energy (DOE), Office of EnergyEmergency Operations, “Report on Electric Energy Exchanges with Canada and Mexico for Calendar Year 1981,” April 1982 (revised June1982). • 1982 and 1983—DOE, ERA, Electricity Exchanges Across International Borders. • 1984-1986—DOE, ERA, Electricity TransactionsAcross International Borders. • 1987 and 1988—DOE, ERA, FormERA-781R, “Annual Report of International Electrical Export/ImportData.” • 1989–DOE Fossil Energy, Form FE-781R, “Annual Report ofInternational Electrical Export/Import Data.” • 1990-1998—Mexico’sData: DOE, Fossil Fuels, Office of Fuels Programs, Form FE-781R, “Annual Report of International Electrical Export/Import Data." Canada’sData: National Energy Board of Canada (metered energy, firm and interruptible). • 1999 forward—EIA estimates based on preliminary data fromDOE, Fossil Energy, and actual data from the National Energy Board ofCanada. Losses and Unaccounted For: Calculated as the sum of total netgeneration and imports minus total end use and exports. End Use: Table

8.5.Table 8.2b Sources• 1949-September 1977—Federal Power Commission, Form FPC-4, “MonthlyPower Plant Report.” • October 1977-1981—Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Form FPC-4, “Monthly Power Plant Report.” • 1982-1988—EnergyInformation Administration (EIA), Form EIA-759, “Monthly Power Plant Report.” • 1989-1997—EIA, EIA-759, “Monthly Power Plant Report” and FormEIA-867, “Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report.” • 1998-2000—EIA,

EIA-759, “Monthly Power Plant Report” and Form EIA-860B, “AnnualElectric Generator Report—Nonutility.” • 2001—EIA, Form EIA-906,“Power Plant Report.”Table 8.3b Sources• 1949-September 1977—Federal Power Commission, Form FPC-4, “MonthlyPower Plant Report.” • October 1977-1981—Federal Energy Regulatory

Commission, Form FPC-4, “Monthly Power Plant ergy Information Administration (EIA), Form EPlant Report.” • 1989-1997—EIA, EIA-75Report” and Form EIA-867, “Annual Nonuport.” • 1998-2000—EIA, EIA-759, “Monand Form EIA-860B, “Annual Electric Gener• 2001—EIA, Form EIA-906, “Power Plant RTable 8.4 Sources• 1949-September 1977—Federal Power C“Monthly Power Plant Report.” • October ergy Regulatory Commission, Form FPC-4, port.” • 1982-1988—Energy Information AEIA-759, “Monthly Power Plant Report.” • 1“Monthly Power Plant Report” and Form EIPower Producer Report.” • 1998-2000—EIA, Plant Report” and Form EIA-860B, “Annuport—Nonutility.” 2001—EIA, Form EIA-906Table 8.7b Sources• 1949-1983—Energy Information AdmEIA-860A, “Annual Electric Generator Reposor forms. • 1984-1997—Energy Information EIA-860, “Annual Electric Generator Repor• 1998 forward EIA, Form EIA-860A, “Annport—Utility” and predecessor forms and EIAElectric Generator Report—Nonutility” and preTable 8.7c Sources• 1989-1997—Energy Information Administra“Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report.” EIA-860B, “Annual Electric Generator Report—Form EIA-906, “Power Plant Report.”

Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Site of Shippingport atomic power station, the first commercial nuclear power plant in the United Sta

reactor building and foreground); background, Beaver Valley 1 and 2 nuclear power plants and Bcoal-fired power plant (southwestern Pennsylvania). Source: U.S. Department of Energy.

Nuclear Energy

9
252 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 9.1 Nuclear Generating Units

1 Issuance by a regulatory authority of full-power operating license, or equivalent 

permission to operate.

2 Ordered but not completed or cancelled.3 Ceased operation permanently.  Placement of an order by a utility for a nuclear steam supply system. 

Issuance by regulatory authority of a permit, or equivalent p

construction.

Cancellation of ordered units.Note: Data are at end of year. Source: Table 9.1.

Operable Units,1 1957-2001

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 

0

306090

120

Number of Units

Peak: 112 units in 1990

Cancellations and Shutdowns, 1953-2001

1960 1970 1980 

0

70

140210280

Number of Units 

Status of All Ordered Units, 1953-2001

Operable1

104

Cancelled 

124

Shut Down3

28

Pending2 3

Total Units Ordered: 259

4

65

Orders, Permits, and Operable Units, 1953-2001

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

70

140210280

Number of Units Operable Units1

Cumulative Units Ordered

Cumulative Construction

Permits Issued 5

4
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 9.1 Nuclear Generating Units, 1953-2001

Year Orders 1

Cancelled

Orders 2

Construction

Permits 3

Low-Power

Operating Licenses 4

Full-Power

Operating Licenses 5 Shutdowns 6 

1953 1 0 0 0 0 0 1954 0 0 0 0 0 0 1955 3 0 1 0 0 0 1956 1 0 3 0 0 0 1957 2 0 1 1 1 0 1958 4 0 0 0 0 0 1959 4 0 3 1 1 0 1960 1 0 7 1 1 0 1961 0 0 0 0 0 0 1962 2 0 1 7 6 0 1963 4 0 1 3 2 0 1964 0 0 3 2 3 1 1965 7 0 1 0 0 0 1966 20 0 5 1 2 1 1967 29 0 14 3 3 2 1968 16 0 23 0 0 2 1969 9 0 7 4 4 0 1970 14 0 10 4 3 0 1971 21 0 4 5 2 0 1972 38 7 8 6 6 1 1973 42 0 14 12 15 0 1974 28 9 23 14 15 2 1975 4 13 9 3 2 0 1976 3 1 9 7 7 1 1977 4 10 15 4 4 0 1978 2 13 13 3 4 1 1979 0 6 2 0 0 1 1980 0 15 0 5 2 0 1981 0 9 0 3 4 0 1982 0 18 0 6 4 1 1983 0 6 0 3 3 0 1984 0 6 0 7 6 0 1985 0 2 0 7 9 0 1986 0 2 0 7 5 0 

1987 0 0 0 6 8 2 

1988 0 3 0 1 2 0 1989 0 0 0 3 4 2 

1990 0 1 0 1 2 1 

1991 0 0 0 0 0 1 1992 0 0 0 0 0 2 

1993 0 0 0 1 1 0 

1994 0 1 0 0 0 1 1995 0 2 0 1 0 0 

1996 0 0 0 0 1 1 

1997 0 0 0 0 0 2 1998 0 0 0 0 0 3 

1999 0 0 0 0 0 0 

2000 0 0 0 0 0 0 2001 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Total 259 124 177 132 132 28 

1 Placement of an order by a utility or government agency for a nuclear steam supply system. 2 Cancellation by utilities of ordered units. Does not include three units (Bellefonte 1 and 2 and Watts

Bar 2) where construction has been stopped indefinitely. 3 Issuance by regulatory authority of a permit, or equivalent permission, to begin construction. Numbersreflect permits issued in a given year, not extant permits. 4 Issuance by regulatory authority of license, or equivalent permission, to conduct testing but not tooperate at full power. 5 Issuance by regulatory authority of full-power operating license, or equivalent permission. Unitsgenerally did not begin immediate operation. See Note 1 at end of section. 6 Ceased operation permanently. 7 Total of units holding full-power licenses, or equivalent permission to operate, at the end of the year. See Note 1 at end of section. 8 Includes Browns Ferry 1, which was shut down in 1985. The unit is defueled but is still fully licensed. In May 2002, the Tennessee Valley Authority announced its intention to have the unit resume operation in2007. See Note 1 at end of section. 

— = Not applicable. Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelnuclear.html.Sources: 1953-1997: Orders: Energy Information Administration, Commercial Nuclear Power 1991,

Appendix E, September 1991; Nuclear Energy Institute, HistorDevelopment, 1988 edition; U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, 1973 A

Regulatory Activities; various utilities. Cancelled Orders: Energy In

Nuclear Power 1991, Appendix E, September 1991; Nuclear Regula1997 editon, Appendix C; and Nuclear Energy Institute, HistorDevelopment, 1988 edition. Construction Permits: Nuclear Regula1997 edition, Appendix A; Nuclear Energy Institute, Historical Profile 1988 edition; various utility, Federal, and contractor officials. Low-P

Energy Institute, Historical Profile of U.S. Nuclear Power Developm

Energy, Nuclear Reactors Built, Being Built, and Planned: 1995; v

officials. Full-Power Operating Licenses: Nuclear Regulatory C

edition, Table 11 and Appendices A and B; various utility, Federal, aEnergy Information Administration, Commercial Nuclear Power 19

Commission, Information Digest, 1998 edition; U.S. Department of E

Built, and Planned: 1995; Tennessee Valley Authority officials; NuStatus Report." Operable Units: Commercial reactors fully licenshutdowns. 1998 forward—http://www.nrc.gov/NRC/reactors.html.
254 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 9.2 Nuclear Power Plant Operations

Sources: Tables 8.1 and 9.2.

Nuclear Share of Electricity Net Generation, 1957-200

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 

05

10152025

Percent

Total Electricity and Nuclear Electricity Net Generation, 1957-2001

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.0

 Trillion Kilowatthours

Capacity Factor, 1973-2001

1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

255075

100

Percent

Total

Nuclear

2001:

98.1

Net Summer Capacity of Operable Units, 1957-2001

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

306090

120

Million Kilowatts
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 9.2 Nuclear Power Plant Operations, 1957-2001

Year

Nuclear Electricity

Net Generation

Nuclear Share

of Electricity

Net Generation

Net Summer Capacity

of Operable Units 1,2 

Billion Kilowatthours Percent Million Kilowatts 

1957 (s) (s) 0.1 1958 0.2 (s) 0.1 1959 0.2 (s) 0.1 1960 0.5 0.1 0.4 1961 1.7 0.2 0.4 1962 2.3 0.3 0.7 1963 3.2 R0.3 0.8 

1964 3.3 0.3 0.8 

1965 3.7 0.3 0.8 1966 5.5 0.5 1.7 1967 7.7 0.6 2.7 1968 12.5 0.9 2.7 1969 13.9 1.0 4.4 1970 21.8 1.4 7.0 1971 38.1 2.4 9.0 1972 54.1 3.1 14.5 1973 83.5 4.5 22.7 1974 114.0 6.1 31.9 1975 172.5 9.0 37.3 1976 191.1 9.4 43.8 1977 250.9 11.8 46.3 1978 276.4 12.5 50.8 1979 255.2 R11.3 49.7 1980 251.1 11.0 51.8 1981 272.7 11.9 56.0 1982 282.8 12.6 60.0 1983 293.7 12.7 63.0 1984 327.6 R13.5 69.7 

1985 383.7 15.5 79.4 

1986 414.0 16.6 85.2 1987 455.3 17.7 93.6 1988 527.0 19.5 94.7 1989P 529.4 R17.9 98.2 1990P R576.9 19.1 99.6 

1991P 612.6 19.9 99.6 

1992P 618.8 20.1 99.0 1993P R610.3 19.1 R99.0 

1994P R640.4 19.7 99.1 

1995P 673.4 20.1 99.5 1996P 674.7 19.6 100.8 

1997P 628.6 18.0 99.7 

1998P 673.7 18.6 97.1 1999P,3 728.3 19.7 R97.4 

2000P 753.9 R19.8 R97.9 

2001P 768.8 20.7 98.1 

1 At end of year. 2 See Note 2 at end of section. 3 Through 1998, data include nuclear generating units at electric utilities only. Beginning in 1999, data

also include nuclear generating units at independent power producers.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05. Note: The performance data shown in this table are based on a universe of reactor units that differs in

some respects from the reactor universe used to profile the nuclear power industry in Table 9.1, especially

in the years prior to 1973. See Note 1 at end of section for further dis

Sources: Nuclear Electricity Net Generation and Nuclear Sh

Table 8.2a. Net Summer Capacity of Operable Units: Table 8.7

weighted average of monthly values for the year. Monthly factors generation divided by the maximum possible generation for that monis the number of hours in the month multiplied by the net summer cfraction is then multiplied by 100 to obtain a percentage. 
256 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 9.3 Uranium Overview

1 Nominal dollars.Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared.

Source: Table 9.3.

Production and Trade, 1949-2001

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

1020304050

 Million Pounds Domestic Concentrate Production Export

 Sales

 Electric Utilities

 Domestic Suppliers

Total Domestic

Purchases

Purchased Imports

 Production

Million Pounds U O3 8

Dollars1 per Pound U O3 8 Million Pounds U O3 8

Million Pounds U O3 8

Purchased Imports

Inventories, End of Year 1981-2001

1985 1990 1995 2000

0

50

100150200

 Million Pounds 

Production and Trade, 2001

Domestic Concentrate Purchased Imports 

0

1020304050

3

47

 Million Pounds 

Average Prices, 1981-2001

1985 1990 

0

10203040

 Dollars1 per Pound 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 9.3 Uranium Overview, 1949-2001

Year

Domestic

Concentrate

Production

Purchased

Imports 1

Export 1

Sales 

Utility

Purchases

From

Domestic

Suppliers

Loaded Into

U.S. Nuclear

Reactors 2

Inventories 

Domestic

Suppliers

ElectricUtilities Total

Million Pounds U3O8 

1949 0.36 4.3 0.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1950 0.92 5.5 0.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1951 1.54 6.1 0.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1952 1.74 5.7 0.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1953 2.32 3.8 0.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1954 3.40 6.5 0.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1955 5.56 7.6 0.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1956 11.92 12.5 0.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1957 16.96 17.1 0.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1958 24.88 32.3 0.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1959 32.48 36.3 0.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1960 35.28 36.0 0.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1961 34.70 29.0 0.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1962 34.02 24.2 0.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1963 28.44 22.4 0.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1964 23.70 12.1 0.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1965 20.88 8.0 0.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1966 21.18 4.6 0.8 NA NA NA NA NA 1967 22.51 0.0 1.4 NA NA NA NA NA 1968 24.74 0.0 1.6 NA NA NA NA NA 1969 23.22 0.0 1.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1970 25.81 0.0 4.2 NA NA NA NA NA 1971 24.55 0.0 0.4 NA NA NA NA NA 1972 25.80 0.0 0.2 NA NA NA NA NA 1973 26.47 0.0 1.2 NA NA NA NA NA 1974 23.06 0.0 3.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1975 23.20 1.4 1.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1976 25.49 3.6 1.2 NA NA NA NA NA 1977 29.88 5.6 4.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1978 36.97 5.2 6.8 NA NA NA NA NA 1979 37.47 3.0 6.2 NA NA NA NA NA 1980 43.70 3.6 5.8 NA NA NA NA NA 1981 38.47 6.6 4.4 32.6 NA NA NA 159.2 1982 26.87 17.1 6.2 27.1 NA NA NA 174.8 1983 21.16 8.2 3.3 24.2 NA NA NA 191.8 1984 14.88 12.5 2.2 22.5 NA 25.0 160.2 185.2 1985 11.31 11.7 5.3 21.7 NA 23.7 153.2 176.9 1986 13.51 13.5 1.6 18.9 NA 27.0 144.1 171.1 1987 12.99 15.1 1.0 20.8 NA 25.4 137.8 163.2 1988 13.13 15.8 3.3 17.6 NA 19.3 125.5 144.8 1989 13.84 13.1 2.1 18.4 NA 22.2 115.8 138.1 1990 8.89 23.7 2.0 20.5 NA 26.4 102.7 129.1 1991 7.95 16.3 3.5 26.8 34.6 20.7 98.0 118.7 1992 5.65 23.3 2.8 23.4 43.0 25.2 92.1 117.3 1993 3.06 21.0 3.0 15.5 45.1 24.5 81.2 105.7 1994 3.35 36.6 17.7 22.7 40.4 21.5 65.4 86.9 1995 6.04 41.3 9.8 22.3 51.1 13.7 58.7 72.5 1996 6.32 45.4 11.5 R 23.7 46.2 13.9 66.1 80.0 1997 5.64 43.0 17.0 R 19.4 48.2 40.4 65.9 106.2 

1998 4.71 43.7 15.1 R 21.6 38.2 70.7 65.8 136.5 

1999 4.61 47.6 8.5 R 21.4 58.8 68.8 58.3 127.1 2000 3.96 44.9 13.6 R 24.3 R 51.5 56.5 R 54.8 R 111.3 

2001 2.64 46.7 11.7 27.5 P 52.7 P 45.4 P 55.7 P 101.1 

1 Import quantities through 1970 are reported for fiscal years. Prior to 1968, the Atomic Energy

Commission was the sole purchaser of all imported U3O8. Trade data prior to 1982 were for transactions

conducted by uranium suppliers only. For 1982 forward, transactions by uranium buyers (consumers) havebeen included. Buyer imports and exports prior to 1982 are believed to be small. 2 Does not include any fuel rods removed from reactors and later reloaded. 3 Nominal dollars.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. — = Not applicablWeb Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelnuclear.html.Sources: 1949-1966—U.S. Department of Energy, Grand J

Uranium Industry, Report No. GJO-100, annual. 1967 forwardUranium Industry Annual, annual reports. 
Nuclear Energy

Note 1. In 1997 EIA undertook a major revision of Table 9.1 to more fullydescribe the history of the U.S. commercial nuclear power industry. Thetime frame was extended back to the birth of the industry in 1953, and thedata categories were revised for greater relevance to current industry conditions and trends. To acquire the data for the revised categories it was necessary to develop a reactor unit database employing different sources thanthose used previously for Table 9.1 and still used for Table 9.2.The data in Table 9.1 apply to commercial nuclear power units, whichmeans that the units contributed power to the commercial electricity gridwhether or not they were owned by an electric utility. A total of 259 unitsever ordered was identified. Although most orders were placed by electricutilities, several units are or were ordered, owned, and operated wholly orin part by the Federal Government, including BONUS (Boiling NuclearSuperheater Power Station), Elk River, Experimental Breeder Reactor 2,Hallam, Hanford N, Piqua, and Shippingport.A reactor is generally defined as operable in Table 9.1 while it possessed afull-power license from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission or its predecessor the Atomic Energy Commission, or equivalent permission to operate, at the end of the year. The definition is liberal in that it does notexclude units retaining full-power licenses during long, non-routine shutdowns. For example:

In 1985 the five then-active Tennessee Valley Authority units(Browns Ferry 1, 2, and 3 and Sequoyah 1 and 2) were shutdown under a regulatory forced outage. Browns Ferry 1 remainsshut down and has been defueled, while the other units were idlefor several years, restarting in 1991, 1995, 1988, and 1988, respectively. All five units are counted as operable during the shutdowns. Brown’s Ferry 1 is the only one of the five TVA plantsthat has not returned to service. Because it is still fully licensedto operate, it continues to meet the definition of operable.Shippingport was shut down from 1974 through 1976 for conversion to a light-water breeder reactor, but is counted as operable

until its retirement in 1982.

Calvert Cliffs 2 was shut down in 

ment of pressurizer heater sleeves buing those years.

Exceptions to the rule are Shoreham and Threwas granted a full-power license in April 198months later and never restarted. In 1991, the lsession Only. Although not operable at the entreated as operable during 1989 and shut down it as operable and shut down in the same year wdiscrepancy in the tallies. A major accident clo1979, and although the unit retained its fullyears, it is considered permanently shut down sNote 2. Net summer capacities were first coll1984. Units not assigned a net summer capacigiven an estimated rating by use of a statisticstalled nameplate capacity and net summer capTo estimate net summer capacity for 1949-198For each prime mover except nuclear and “othemates were calculated in two steps. First, the uon Form EIA-860 and the unit start dates contaUnit Reference File (GURF) were used to comestimates of annual net summer capacity and inThese preliminary estimates were obtained by values for all units in service during a given yealiminary capacity to nameplate estimate was cmultiplied by the previously published installed to produce the final estimates of net summer capacity data for nuclear and “other” units were GURF for all years. Historical aggregates werthe unit start dates on the GURF.Historical capacity has also been modified to ethe operable definition, by assuming that non-ncame operable between 1 and 4 months prior to dates, depending upon the prime mover and timble dates for nuclear units were used. It should summer capacities, which are not currently colltimated based on installed nameplate capacity d

258 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001
Grand Coulee Dam, Washington State. Source: U.S. Bureau of Reclamation.

Renewable Energy

10
260 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

1 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other 

biomass.

2 Through 1988, includes all electricity net imports. Begginning in 1989, includes only the 

portion of electricity net imports derived from hydroelectric power.

3 Ethanol blended into motor gasoline.Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be coSources: Tables 1.3 and 10.1.

Figure 10.1 Renewable Energy Consumption by Source

Major Sources of Renewable Energy Consumption, 1949

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1

02468

Quadrillion Btu

Natural Gas

Petroleum

Nuclear Electric Coal

Renewable E

Renewable Energy Consumption by Source, 2001

Conventional Wood Waste Geo- Alco

0123

2.4

2.2

0.6

0.3

0.1 

Quadrillion Btu

Natural Gas

24%

 Geothermal Waste1 

 Conv

-Geothermal 

 6%

-Solar

1%

-Conventional Hydroelectric

Power2

42%

Renewable Energy as Share of Total Energy, 2001

Renewable

Energy 8%

Nuclear Electric

Power

6%

Petroleum

39%

Coal23%

-Wood 38%

-Wind

1%

ConventionalHydroelectric Power2

-Waste1 10% 

-Alcohol Fuels3 3%

Wood Alcoh

Fuel
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 10.1 Renewable Energy Consumption by Source, 1949-2001 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power 1,2 Wood 3 Waste 4

Alcohol

Fuels 5 Geothermal 6 Solar 7 Win

1949 1,449 1,549 NA NA NA NA 1950 1,440 1,562 NA NA NA NA 1951 1,454 1,535 NA NA NA NA 1952 1,496 1,474 NA NA NA NA 1953 1,439 1,419 NA NA NA NA 1954 1,388 1,394 NA NA NA NA 1955 1,407 1,424 NA NA NA NA 1956 1,487 1,416 NA NA NA NA 1957 1,557 1,334 NA NA NA NA 1958 1,629 1,323 NA NA NA NA 1959 1,587 1,353 NA NA NA NA 1960 1,657 1,320 NA NA 1 NA 1961 1,680 1,295 NA NA 2 NA 1962 1,822 1,300 NA NA 2 NA 1963 1,772 1,323 NA NA 4 NA 1964 1,907 1,337 NA NA 5 NA 1965 2,058 1,335 NA NA 4 NA 1966 2,073 1,369 NA NA 4 NA 1967 2,344 1,340 NA NA 7 NA 1968 2,342 1,419 NA NA 9 NA 1969 2,659 1,440 NA NA 13 NA 1970 2,654 1,429 2 NA 11 NA 1971 2,861 1,430 2 NA 12 NA 1972 2,944 1,501 2 NA 31 NA 1973 3,010 1,527 2 NA 43 NA 1974 3,309 1,538 2 NA 53 NA 1975 3,219 1,497 2 NA 70 NA 1976 3,066 1,711 2 NA 78 NA 1977 2,515 1,837 2 NA 77 NA 1978 3,141 2,036 1 NA 64 NA 1979 3,141 2,150 2 NA 84 NA 1980 3,118 2,483 2 NA 110 NA 1981 3,105 2,495 88 7 123 NA 1982 3,572 2,477 119 19 105 NA 1983 3,899 2,639 157 35 129 NA 1984 3,800 2,629 208 43 165 (s) 1985 3,398 2,576 236 52 198 (s) 1986 3,446 2,518 263 60 219 (s) 1987 3,117 2,465 289 69 229 (s) 1988 2,662 2,552 315 70 217 (s) 1989 R2,987 R2,637 354 71 R317 R55 R1990 R3,128 R2,190 408 63 R337 R60 R21991 R3,139 R2,190 440 73 R351 R63 R2

1992 2,818 R2,290 473 83 R368 R64 3

1993 3,119 R2,228 479 97 R382 R66 31994 2,993 R2,315 515 109 R366 R69 3

1995 R3,480 R2,420 531 117 R312 R70 3

1996 R3,889 R2,467 577 84 R329 R71 R31997 R3,881 R2,349 551 106 R325 R70 R3

1998 R3,518 R2,175 R542 117 R329 R70 3

1999 R3,472 R2,210 R540 122 R332 R69 42000 R3,077 R2,257 R552 139 R317 R66 R5

2001E 2,376 2,170 551 147 315 64 5

1 Hydroelectricity generated by pumped storage is not included in renewable energy. 2 Through 1988, includes all electricity net imports. Beginning in 1989, includes only the portion of

electricity net imports derived from hydroelectric power. 3 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 4 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 5 Ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 6 Geothermal electricity net generation, heat pump, and direct use energy. Beginning in 1989, also

includes electricity net imports derived from geothermal energy. 7 Solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity net generation, and so

8 Wind electricity net generation.

R=Revised. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 triNote: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independeWeb Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelrenewable.html.Sources: Tables 10.2a and 10.2b.
262 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

1 Includes fuel used at combined-heat-and-power plants and at commercial electricity-only 

plants.

2 Includes fuel used at combined-heat-and-power plants and at industrial electricity-only 

plants.

3 Solar thermal direct use energy and photovoltaic electricity generation. Includes small 

amounts of commercial sector use.

Figure 10.2a Renewable Energy Consumption: End-Use Sectors

Commercial1 Sector, Major Sources, 1989-2001

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000

0

15304560

Trillion Btu

Residential Sector, 1989-2001

1990 1992 1994 1996 

0.00.20.40.60.81.0

Quadrillion Btu

 Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be coSource: Table 10.2a.

Wood

Solar3 and Geothermal

Wood

Waste

Wood

Geothermal

WoodWaste

Wood

Waste

End-Use Sectors, 2001

Residential Commercial1 Industrial2 Transportation

0.00.51.01.52.0

0.5

0.1

1.8

0.1

Quadrillion Btu

Industrial2 Sector, Major Sources, 1989-2001

1990 1992 1994 1996 

0.00.51.01.52.02.5

Quadrillion Btu

4

Waste

Wood

Waste 4

4
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Figure 10.2b Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared. Sources: Tables 10.2a and 10.2b.

Electric Power Share of Total Renewable Energy Consumption, 2001 Electric Power Sector Total and Hydroelectric P

1950 1960 1970 1980 

012345

Quadrillion Btu

Hydroelectricity Trade, 1949-2001

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

200400600

Trillion Btu

End-Use Total

45%

Electric Power Sector

53%

Electricty 

Net Imports 3%

Imports

Expo

Electric Power

Sector Total

Hydroelectric Power

Non-Hydroelectric Power Sources, 2001

Waste Geothermal Wood Wind Solar 0

100200300400

311

290

140

59

5

Trillion Btu
264 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Table 10.2a Renewable Energy Consumption: End-Use Sectors, 1949-2001 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Residential Commercial 1 Industrial 2 

Wood 

3

Geothermal 4 Solar 5 Total Hydro- power 6 Wood 3 Waste 7 Geo- thermal 4 Total Hydro- power 6 Wood 3 Waste 7 Geo- thermal 4 T

1949 1,055 NA NA 1,055 NA 20 NA NA 20 76 468 NA NA 

1950 1,006 NA NA 1,006 NA 19 NA NA 19 69 532 NA NA 

1951 958 NA NA 958 NA 18 NA NA 18 63 553 NA NA 1952 899 NA NA 899 NA 17 NA NA 17 62 552 NA NA 

1953 832 NA NA 832 NA 16 NA NA 16 57 566 NA NA 

1954 800 NA NA 800 NA 15 NA NA 15 56 576 NA NA 1955 775 NA NA 775 NA 15 NA NA 15 38 631 NA NA 

1956 739 NA NA 739 NA 14 NA NA 14 37 661 NA NA 

1957 702 NA NA 702 NA 13 NA NA 13 36 616 NA NA 1958 688 NA NA 688 NA 13 NA NA 13 37 620 NA NA 

1959 647 NA NA 647 NA 12 NA NA 12 37 692 NA NA 

1960 627 NA NA 627 NA 12 NA NA 12 39 680 NA NA 1961 587 NA NA 587 NA 11 NA NA 11 36 695 NA NA 

1962 560 NA NA 560 NA 11 NA NA 11 36 728 NA NA 

1963 537 NA NA 537 NA 10 NA NA 10 34 775 NA NA 1964 499 NA NA 499 NA 9 NA NA 9 34 827 NA NA 

1965 468 NA NA 468 NA 9 NA NA 9 33 855 NA NA 

1966 455 NA NA 455 NA 9 NA NA 9 33 902 NA NA 1967 434 NA NA 434 NA 8 NA NA 8 36 895 NA NA 

1968 426 NA NA 426 NA 8 NA NA 8 35 982 NA NA R

1969 415 NA NA 415 NA 8 NA NA 8 34 1,014 NA NA R1970 401 NA NA 401 NA 8 NA NA 8 34 1,019 NA NA R

1971 382 NA NA 382 NA 7 NA NA 7 34 1,040 NA NA R

1972 380 NA NA 380 NA 7 NA NA 7 34 1,113 NA NA R1973 354 NA NA 354 NA 7 NA NA 7 35 1,165 NA NA R

1974 371 NA NA 371 NA 7 NA NA 7 33 1,159 NA NA R

1975 425 NA NA 425 NA 8 NA NA 8 32 1,063 NA NA R1976 482 NA NA 482 NA 9 NA NA 9 33 1,220 NA NA R

1977 542 NA NA 542 NA 10 NA NA 10 33 1,281 NA NA R

1978 622 NA NA 622 NA 12 NA NA 12 32 1,400 NA NA R1979 728 NA NA 728 NA 14 NA NA 14 34 1,405 NA NA R

1980 859 NA NA 859 NA 21 NA NA 21 33 1,600 NA NA R

1981 869 NA NA 869 NA 21 NA NA 21 33 1,602 87 NA R1982 937 NA NA 937 NA 22 NA NA 22 33 1,516 118 NA R

1983 925 NA NA 925 NA 22 NA NA 22 33 1,690 155 NA R

1984 923 NA NA 923 NA 22 NA NA 22 33 1,679 204 NA R1985 899 NA NA 899 NA 24 NA NA 24 33 1,645 230 NA R

1986 876 NA NA 876 NA 27 NA NA 27 33 1,610 256 NA R

1987 852 NA NA 852 NA 29 NA NA 29 33 1,576 282 NA R1988 885 NA NA 885 NA 32 NA NA 32 33 1,625 308 NA R

1989 918 5 53 976 P1 R36 22 3 R61 RP26 R1,584 R200 2 R

1990 581 6 56 642 P1 R39 28 3 R71 RP28 R1,447 R194 2 R1991 613 6 58 677 P1 R41 26 3 R72 RP28 R1,410 R185 2 R

1992 645 6 60 711 P1 R44 32 3 R81 RP31 R1,461 R179 2 R

1993 548 7 62 616 P1 R46 33 3 R84 RP30 R1,484 R181 2 R1994 537 6 64 607 P1 R46 35 4 R86 RP62 R1,580 R199 3 R

1995 596 7 65 667 P1 R46 40 5 R92 RP55 R1,652 R195 3 R

1996 595 7 R65 R667 P1 R50 53 5 R110 RP61 R1,683 R224 3 R1997 433 R8 65 506 P1 R49 58 6 R113 RP58 R1,731 R184 3 R

1998 387 8 65 459 P1 R48 54 7 R111 RP55 R1,603 R180 3 R

1999 414 R9 64 486 P1 R52 54 7 R114 RP49 R1,606 R171 4 R2000 433 9 R61 503 P1 R53 47 8 R109 RP42 R1,636 R186 4 R

2001E 407 9 59 475 1 43 46 8 98 37 1,580 194 5 

1 Commercial sector fuel use, including that at commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and

commercial electricity-only plants. See Appendix G for commercial sector NAICS codes. 2 Industrial sector fuel use, including that at industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrialelectricity-only plants. See Appendix G for industrial sector NAICS codes. 3 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 4 Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy. 5 Solar thermal direct use energy and photovoltaic electricity generation. Small amounts of commercialsector use are included in the residential sector.

6 Conventional hydroelectric power. 7 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultu8 Ethanol blended into motor gasoline.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independWeb Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelrenewable.html.Sources: See end of section.
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 10.2b Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector, Electricity Trade, and Total, 194 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Electric Power Sector 1,2 Electricity Trade 3

Hydropower 4 Wood 5 Waste 6 Geo- thermal 7 Solar 8 Wind 9 Total

Hydropower 4 Geothermal

Imports

Imports Exports 

1949 1,349 6 NA NA NA NA 1,355 27 3 NA 1950 1,346 5 NA NA NA NA 1,351 27 2 NA 1951 1,361 5 NA NA NA NA 1,366 33 3 NA 1952 1,404 6 NA NA NA NA 1,411 33 3 NA 1953 1,356 5 NA NA NA NA 1,361 31 6 NA 1954 1,304 3 NA NA NA NA 1,307 33 4 NA 1955 1,322 3 NA NA NA NA 1,325 53 6 NA 1956 1,398 2 NA NA NA NA 1,400 59 7 NA 1957 1,480 2 NA NA NA NA 1,482 55 14 NA 1958 1,555 2 NA NA NA NA 1,557 45 8 NA 1959 1,511 2 NA NA NA NA 1,513 48 9 NA 1960 1,569 2 NA 1 NA NA 1,571 57 8 NA 1961 1,621 1 NA 2 NA NA 1,624 34 10 NA 1962 1,780 1 NA 2 NA NA 1,784 23 18 NA 1963 1,737 1 NA 4 NA NA 1,743 22 21 NA 1964 1,853 2 NA 5 NA NA 1,859 65 44 NA 1965 2,026 3 NA 4 NA NA 2,033 37 39 NA 1966 2,028 3 NA 4 NA NA 2,036 44 33 NA 1967 2,311 3 NA 7 NA NA 2,321 42 45 NA 1968 2,313 4 NA 9 NA NA 2,327 38 45 NA 1969 2,614 3 NA 13 NA NA 2,630 51 40 NA 1970 2,600 1 2 11 NA NA 2,615 65 44 NA 1971 2,790 1 2 12 NA NA 2,806 74 37 NA 1972 2,829 1 2 31 NA NA 2,864 109 29 NA 1973 2,827 1 2 43 NA NA 2,873 175 27 NA 1974 3,143 1 2 53 NA NA 3,199 161 28 NA 1975 3,122 (s) 2 70 NA NA 3,194 117 53 NA 1976 2,943 1 2 78 NA NA 3,024 114 25 NA 1977 2,301 3 2 77 NA NA 2,383 210 29 NA 1978 2,905 2 1 64 NA NA 2,973 220 15 NA 1979 2,897 3 2 84 NA NA 2,986 233 23 NA 1980 2,867 3 2 110 NA NA 2,982 260 43 NA 1981 2,725 3 1 123 NA NA 2,852 379 32 NA 1982 3,233 2 1 105 NA NA 3,341 343 37 NA 1983 3,494 2 2 129 NA (s) 3,627 407 35 NA 1984 3,353 5 4 165 (s) (s) 3,527 441 27 NA 1985 2,937 8 7 198 (s) (s) 3,150 479 52 NA 1986 3,038 5 7 219 (s) (s) 3,270 425 50 NA 1987 2,602 8 7 229 (s) (s) 2,846 544 61 NA 1988 2,302 10 8 217 (s) (s) 2,536 401 73 NA 1989 2,P2,801 2,P100 2,P132 2,P296 2,P3 2,P19 2,P3,351 200 40 11 1990 P3,000 P124 P187 P315 P4 P24 P3,653 99 (s) 11 1991 P2,972 P126 P229 P325 P5 P27 P3,684 138 (s) 15 

1992 P2,586 P140 P262 P338 P4 P30 P3,360 201 (s) 19 

1993 P2,861 P150 P265 P351 P5 P31 P3,662 238 11 18 1994 P2,620 P152 P282 P325 P5 P36 P3,420 309 (s) 27 

1995 P3,149 P125 P296 P280 P5 P33 P3,889 291 17 19 

1996 P3,528 P138 P300 P300 P5 P33 P4,305 306 7 14 1997 P3,581 P137 P309 P309 P5 P34 P4,375 R277 R36 (s) 

1998 P3,241 P137 P308 P311 P5 P31 P4,032 R265 R45 1 

1999 P3,218 P138 P315 P312 P5 P46 P4,034 R277 R72 1 2000 P2,768 P134 P318 P296 P5 P57 P3,579 R321 R55 0 

2001 P2,181 P140 P311 P290 P5 P59 P2,987 E241 E84 E2 

1 The electric power sector (electric utilities and independent power producers) comprises

electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants whose primary business is to sell electricity, orelectricity and heat, to the public—i.e., NAICS 22 plants. 2 Through 1988, data are for consumption at electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data also includeconsumption at independent power producers. 3 Through 1988, all electricity imports and exports are included in "Hydropower." Beginning in 1989,includes only electricity imports and exports derived from hydroelectric power or geothermal energy. 4 Conventional hydroelectric power. 5 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste.

6 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural b7 Geothermal electricity net generation. 8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity net generation. 9 Wind electricity net generation.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. (s)=Less Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent roWeb Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelrenewable.html.Sources: See end of section.
266 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 10.3 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Type, Price, and Trade

1 Nominal dollars.2 Collectors that generally operate in the temperature range of 140 degrees Fahrenheit to 

180 degrees Fahrenheit but can also operate at temperatures as low as 110 degrees Fahrenheit.

3 Collectors that generally operate at temperatures below 110 degrees Fahrenheit.

Price of Total Shipments, 1986

1986 1988 1990 1992 19

048

12

Dollars1 per Square Foot 

Number of U.S. Manufacturers, 1974-1984 and 1986-2000

1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998

0

100200300

Number

Trade, 1978-1984 and 1986-2000

1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998

0.00.40.81.21.62.02.4

Million Square Feet

Average Annual Shipments per Manufacturer, 1974-1984 and 1986-2000

1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1

0

200400600800

Thousand Square Feet

Imports

Exports

Medium-Temperature

Collectors2

Low-Temperature

Collectors3

Med

Low-Temperature

Collectors3

Notes: Data were not collected for 1985. Medium-temperat

special collectors. Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not b

Source: Table 10.3.

Total Shipments, 1974-1984 and 1986-2000

1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998

05

10152025

Million Square Feet
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 10.3 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Type, Price, and Trade, 1974-2000 (Thousand Square Feet, Except as Noted)

Year

Low-Temperature Collectors 1 Medium-Temperature Collectors 2 High-Temperature Collectors 3 Total Shipme

Number

of U.S.

Manufacturers Quantity Shipped

Shipments

per

Manufacturer

Price 5

(dollars per

square foot)

Number

of U.S.

Manufacturers Quantity Shipped

Shipments

per

Manufacturer

Price 5

(dollars per

square foot)

Quantity

Shipped

Price 5

(dollars per

square foot)

Quantity

Shipped

(do

sq

1974 6 1,137 189.5 NA 39 137 3.5 NA NA NA 1,274 1975 13 3,026 232.8 NA 118 717 6.1 NA NA NA 3,743 1976 19 3,876 204.0 NA 203 1,925 9.5 NA NA NA 5,801 1977 52 4,743 91.2 NA 297 5,569 18.8 NA NA NA 10,312 1978 69 5,872 85.1 NA 204 4,988 24.5 NA NA NA 10,860 1979 84 8,394 100.0 NA 257 5,856 22.8 NA NA NA 14,251 1980 79 12,233 154.8 NA 250 7,165 28.7 NA NA NA 19,398 1981 75 8,677 115.7 NA 263 11,456 43.6 NA NA NA 21,133 1982 61 7,476 122.6 NA 248 11,145 44.9 NA NA NA 18,621 1983 55 4,853 88.2 NA 179 11,975 66.9 NA NA NA 16,828 1984 48 4,479 93.3 NA 206 11,939 58.0 NA 773 NA 17,191 1985 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1986 22 3,751 170.5 2.30 87 1,111 12.8 18.30 4,498 NA 9,360 1987 12 3,157 263.1 2.18 50 957 19.1 13.50 3,155 NA 7,269 1988 8 3,326 415.8 2.24 45 732 16.2 14.88 4,116 NA 8,174 1989 10 4,283 428.3 2.60 36 1,989 55.3 11.74 5,209 17.76 11,482 1990 12 3,645 303.8 2.90 41 2,527 61.6 7.68 5,237 15.74 11,409 1991 16 5,585 349.0 2.90 41 989 24.1 11.94 1 31.94 6,574 1992 16 6,187 386.7 2.50 34 897 26.4 10.96 2 75.66 7,086 1993 13 6,025 463.5 2.80 33 931 28.2 11.74 12 22.12 6,968 1994 16 6,823 426.0 2.54 31 803 26.0 13.54 2 177.00 7,627 1995 14 6,813 487.0 2.32 26 840 32.0 10.48 13 53.26 7,666 1996 14 6,821 487.0 2.67 19 785 41.0 14.48 10 18.75 7,616 1997 13 7,524 579.0 2.60 21 606 29.0 15.17 7 25.00 8,138 1998 12 7,292 607.0 2.83 19 443 23.0 15.17 21 53.21 7,756 1999 13 8,152 627.0 2.08 20 427 21.0 19.12 4 286.49 8,583 2000 11 7,948 723.0 2.09 16 400 25.0 23.98 5 223.26 8,354 

1 Low-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate at temperatures below

110 degrees Fahrenheit. 2 Medium-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate in the temperaturerange of 140 degrees Fahrenheit to 180 degrees Fahrenheit but can also operate at temperatures as lowas 110 degrees Fahrenheit. Special collectors are included in this category. Special collectors areevacuated tube collectors or concentrating (focusing) collectors. They operate in the temperature rangefrom just above ambient temperature (low concentration for pool heating) to several hundred degreesFahrenheit (high concentration for air conditioning and specialized industrial processes). 3 High-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate at temperatures above180 degrees Fahrenheit. 4 Total shipments as reported by respondents include all domestic and export shipments and may

include imports that subsequently were shipped to domestic or to fore

5 Prices, in nominal dollars, equal shipment value divided by qua

for advertising and warranties. Excluded are excise taxes and the shipments.

NA=Not available. Notes: Manufacturers producing more than one type of collec

No data are available for 1985. High-temperature collecto

manufacturer.

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelrenewable.html.Sources: 1974-1992—Energy Information Administration (EIA), 

annual reports. 1993 forward—EIA, Renewable Energy Annual, a
268 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

1 Collectors that generally operate at temperatures below 110 degrees Fahrenheit.2 Collectors that generally operate in the temperature range of 140 degrees Fahrenheit to 180 

degrees Fahrenheit but can also operate at temperatures as low as 110 degrees Fahrenheit.

(s)=Less than 0.05 million square feet.Source: Table 10.4.

Figure 10.4 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by End Use, Market Sector, and Type, 2000

End Use by Type

Pool Heating Water Heating

02468

10

7.9

0.0 0.0 0.4

Million Square Feet

Market Sector

Residential Commercial All Other

02468

10

7.5

0.8

0.1

Million Square Feet

Type of Collector

Low- 

02468

10

7.9

Million Square Feet

End Use

Pool Water All Other

02468

10

7.9

0.4 0.1

Million Square Feet

Heating Heating Temperature

Residential and Commercial Sectors by Type

Residential Comm

02468

10

7.1

0.8 0.4 

Million Square Feet

Low-Temperature Collectors1Medium-Temperature Collectors2

Low-TemperMedium-Tem

 (s)

(s) 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 10.4 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by End Use, Market Sector, and Type, 2000 (Thousand Square Feet)

End Use

Low-Temperature

Collectors 1

Medium-Temperature

Collectors 2

High-Temperature

Collectors 3 

End-Use Total ..................................................... 7,949 400 5 

 Pool Heating ....................................................... 7,836 26 0 

 Water Heating ..................................................... 0 365 2  Space Heating .................................................... 92 7 0  Space Cooling .................................................... 0 0 0  Combined Space and Water Heating ................. 0 2 (s)  Process Heating ................................................. 20 0 0  Electricity Generation ......................................... 0 0 3  Other 5 ................................................................ (s) (s) 0 Market Sector Total ............................................ 7,949 400 5 

 Residential .......................................................... 7,102 370 1 

 Commercial ........................................................ 786 23 1  Industrial 6 .......................................................... 52 5 0 

 Electric Utility ...................................................... 0 (s) 3 

 Other 7 ................................................................ 9 1 0 

1 Low-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate at temperatures below

110 degrees Fahrenheit. 2 Medium-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate in the temperaturerange of 140 degrees Fahrenheit to 180 degrees Fahrenheit but can also operate at temperatures as lowas 110 degrees Fahrenheit. Special collectors are included in this category. Special collectors areevacuated tube collectors or concentrating (focusing) collectors. They operate in the temperature rangefrom just above ambient temperature (low concentration for pool heating) to several hundred degreesFahrenheit (high concentration for air conditioning and specialized industrial processes). 3 High-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate at temperatures above180 degrees Fahrenheit. These are Parabolic dish/trough collectors used primarily by independent powerproducers to generate electricity for the electric grid.

4 Totals include other types of collectors not shown. 5 "Other" includes shipments of solar thermal collectors for othe

pumping, water purification, desalinization, distilling, etc. 6 Includes all independent power producers. 7 "Other" includes shipments of solar thermal collectors to other sthe military but excluding space applications.

(s)=Less than 0.5 thousand square feet. Notes: Data represent shipments from U.S. manufacturers o

components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelrenewable.html.Source: Energy Information Administration, Renewable Energy An
270 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

1 Nominal dollars.Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared.

Figure 10.5 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments, Trade, and Prices

Prices, 1989-2000

1990 1992 1994 1996 

02468

Dollars1 per Peak Watt

Trade, 1983-2000

1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000

0

255075

Thousand Peak Kilowatts

Total Shipments, 1982-2000

1982 1984 1986 1988 

0

153045607590

Thousand Peak Kilowatts

Source: Table 10.5.

Modules

Cell

Exports

Imports

Number of U.S. Companies Reporting Shipments, 1982-2000

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

05

1015202530

19 18

23

15

17 17

14

17

19

23

21

19

22

24 25

21 21

19

21

Number
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 10.5 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments by Type, Trade, and Prices, 1982-2000

Year

Number of

U.S. Companies

Reporting Shipments

Shipments

Imports Exports

Crystalline

Silicon

Thin-Film

Silicon Total 2 Modu

Peak Kilowatts 

1982 19 NA NA 6,897 NA NA N1983 18 NA NA 12,620 NA 1,903 N1984 23 NA NA 9,912 NA 2,153 N1985 15 5,461 303 5,769 285 1,670 N1986 17 5,806 516 6,333 678 3,109 N1987 17 5,613 1,230 6,850 921 3,821 N1988 14 7,364 1,895 9,676 1,453 5,358 N1989 17 10,747 1,628 12,825 826 7,363 5.1990 319 12,492 1,321 313,837 1,398 7,544 5.61991 23 14,205 723 14,939 2,059 8,905 6.1992 21 14,457 1,075 15,583 1,602 9,823 6.1993 19 20,146 782 20,951 1,767 14,814 5.21994 22 24,785 1,061 26,077 1,960 17,714 4.41995 24 29,740 1,266 31,059 1,337 19,871 4.51996 25 33,996 1,445 35,464 1,864 22,448 4.01997 21 44,314 1,886 46,354 1,853 33,793 4.1998 21 47,186 3,318 50,562 1,931 35,493 3.91999 19 73,461 3,269 76,787 4,784 55,562 3.62000 21 85,155 2,736 88,221 8,821 68,382 3.4

1 Prices, in nominal dollars, equal shipment value divided by quantity shipped. Value includes charges

for advertising and warranties. Excluded are excise taxes and the cost of freight or transportation for theshipments. 2 Total shipments include all types of photovoltaic cells and modules (single-crystal silicon, cast silicon,ribbon silicon, thin-film silicon, and concentrator silicon) and internationally traded cells and modules. Shipments of cells and modules for space and satellite applications are not included.

3 Data were imputed for one nonrespondent who exited the indus

NA=Not available. Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelrenewable.html.Sources: 1982-1992—Energy Information Administration (EIA), 

annual reports. 1993 forward—EIA, Renewable Energy Annual, an
272 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

 1 Units designed for installations that are not grid-interactive. 2 Represents such applications as cooking food, desalinization, and distilling.  3 Includes all independent power producers.

 Shipments to foreign governments and for specialty purposSource: Table 10.6.

Figure 10.6 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments by End Use and Market Sector, 2000

By End Use

Grid-Interactive Remote Electric Transportation Communications Original Water Consumer Health 

05

10152025

21.7

15.0

12.8 12.3 12.2

5.6

2.9 2.7 

Thousand Peak Kilowatts

Equipment

Manufacturers

Electric Generation Generation1 Pumping Goods

Industrial 3

By Market Sector

Residential Commercial Government Transportation Electric Utility 

05

1015202530

24.8

13.7

4.4

28.8

5.5 6.3 

Thousand Peak Kilowatts

4
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 10.6 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments by End Use and Market Sector, 1989-2000

Year

End Use Market Sector

Communications Consumer Goods

Electric

Generation 1

Health

Original

Equipment

Manufacturers 2 Trans- portation Water Pumping Other 3 Resi- dential Com- mercial Gov- ernment Indus- trial 4 Trans- portation 

GridInteractive Remote 

Amount Shipped

(peak kilowatts)

1989 2,590 2,788 1,251 2,620 5 1,595 1,196 711 69 1,439 3,850 1,077 3,993 1,130 1990 4,340 2,484 469 3,097 5 1,119 1,069 1,014 240 1,701 6,086 1,002 2,817 974 1991 3,538 3,312 856 3,594 61 1,315 1,523 729 13 3,624 3,345 815 3,947 1,555 1992 3,717 2,566 1,227 4,238 67 828 1,602 809 530 4,154 2,386 1,063 4,279 1,673 1993 3,846 946 1,096 5,761 674 2,023 4,238 2,294 74 5,237 4,115 1,325 5,352 2,564 1994 5,570 3,239 2,296 9,253 79 1,849 2,128 1,410 254 6,632 5,429 2,114 6,855 2,174 1995 5,154 1,025 4,585 8,233 776 3,188 4,203 2,727 1,170 6,272 8,100 2,000 7,198 2,383 1996 6,041 1,063 4,844 10,884 977 2,410 5,196 3,261 789 8,475 5,176 3,126 8,300 3,995 1997 7,383 347 8,273 8,630 1,303 5,245 6,705 3,783 4,684 10,993 8,111 3,909 11,748 3,574 1998 8,280 1,198 14,193 8,634 1,061 5,044 6,356 4,306 1,491 15,936 8,460 2,808 13,232 3,440 1999 12,147 2,292 24,782 10,829 1,466 12,400 8,486 4,063 322 19,817 17,283 3,107 24,972 4,341 2000 12,269 2,870 21,713 14,997 2,742 12,153 12,804 5,644 3,028 24,814 13,692 4,417 28,808 5,502 

Percent of Total

1989 20.2 21.7 9.8 20.4 (s) 12.4 9.3 5.5 0.5 11.2 30.0 8.4 31.1 8.8 1990 31.4 18.0 3.4 22.4 (s) 8.1 7.7 7.3 1.7 12.3 44.0 7.2 20.4 7.0 1991 23.7 22.2 5.7 24.1 0.4 8.8 10.2 4.9 0.1 24.3 22.4 5.5 26.4 10.4 1992 23.9 16.5 7.9 27.2 0.4 5.3 10.3 5.2 3.4 26.7 15.3 6.8 27.5 10.7 1993 18.4 4.5 5.2 27.5 3.2 9.7 20.2 10.9 0.4 25.0 19.6 6.3 25.5 12.2 1994 21.4 12.4 8.8 35.5 0.3 7.1 8.2 5.4 1.0 25.4 20.8 8.1 26.3 8.3 1995 16.6 3.3 14.8 26.5 2.5 10.3 13.5 8.8 3.8 20.2 26.1 6.4 23.2 7.7 1996 17.0 3.0 13.7 30.7 2.8 6.8 14.7 9.2 2.2 23.9 14.6 8.8 23.4 11.3 1997 15.9 0.7 17.8 18.6 2.8 11.3 14.5 8.2 10.1 23.7 17.5 8.4 25.3 7.7 1998 16.4 2.4 28.1 17.1 2.1 10.0 12.6 8.5 2.9 31.5 16.7 5.6 26.2 6.8 1999 15.8 3.0 32.3 14.1 1.9 16.1 11.1 5.3 0.4 25.8 22.5 4.0 32.5 5.7 2000 13.9 3.3 24.6 17.0 3.1 13.8 14.5 6.4 3.4 28.1 15.5 5.0 32.7 6.2 

1 Grid-interactive means connection to the electrical distribution system; remote means electricity, for

general use, that does not interact with the electrical distribution system, such as at an isolated residentialsite or mobile home. The other end uses in this table also include electricity generation but only for thespecific use cited. 2 Original Equipment Manufacturers are non-photovoltaic manufacturers that combine photovoltaictechnology into existing or newly developed product lines. 3 Represents such applications as cooking food, desalinization, and distilling.

4 Includes all independent power producers. 5 Shipments to foreign governments and for specialty purposes.

(s)=Less than 0.05 percent. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independeWeb Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelrenewable.html.Sources: 1989-1992—Energy Information Administration (EIA), 

annual reports. 1993 forward—EIA, Renewable Energy Annual, an
274 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

 Liquefied natural gas.Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be coSource: Table 10.7.

Figure 10.7 Estimated Alternative-Fueled Vehicles and Fuel Consumption by Type

Fuel Consumption by Type, 2001

LPG CNG LNG Ethanol3 Elec

0

50

100150200250 243

107

Million Gasoline-Equivalent Gallons

8 5 

1 Liquefied petroleum gases.2 Compressed natural gas.3 Ethanol, 85 percent and ethanol, 95 percent. Methanol, 85 percent, and methanol, neat.4

5

5

Vehicles in Use, 1992-2001

1992 1995 1998 2001

0

100200300400500

251

315 324 333 352 368 384 407

432

456

Thousand Vehicles

Vehicles in Use by Fuel Type, 2001

LPG1 CNG 2 Ethanol 3 Methanol Electri

0

4080

120160200240280 269

110

48

17 10 

Thousand Vehicles

Fuel Consumption, 1992-2001

1992 1995 1998 2001

0

100200300400

230

293 281 277 296 313 325 339 354 366

Million Gasoline-Equivalent Gallons
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 10.7 Estimated Alternative-Fueled Vehicles and Fuel Consumption by Type, 1992-2001

Year

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases 1

Compressed

Natural

Gas

Liquefied

Natural

Gas

Methanol,

85 Percent 2

Methanol,

Neat

Ethanol,

85 Percent 2

Ethanol,

95 Percent 2 E

Number of Vehicles in Use

1992 221,000 23,191 90 4,850 404 172 38 1993 269,000 32,714 299 10,263 414 441 27 1994 264,000 41,227 484 15,484 415 605 33 1995 259,000 50,218 603 18,319 386 1,527 136 1996 263,000 60,144 663 20,265 172 4,536 361 1997 263,000 68,571 813 21,040 172 9,130 347 1998 266,000 78,782 1,172 19,648 200 12,788 14 1999 267,000 89,556 1,681 18,964 198 22,464 14 2000 268,000 100,530 1,900 18,365 195 34,680 13 2001P 269,000 109,730 2,039 16,918 184 48,022 13 

Fuel Consumption

(Thousand Gasoline-Equivalent Gallons)

1992 208,142 16,823 585 1,069 2,547 21 85 1993 264,655 21,603 1,901 1,593 3,166 48 80 1994 248,467 24,160 2,345 2,340 3,190 80 140 1995 232,701 35,162 2,759 2,023 2,150 190 995 1996 239,158 46,923 3,247 1,775 347 694 2,699 1997 238,356 65,192 3,714 1,554 347 1,280 1,136 1998 241,583 73,251 5,343 1,212 449 1,727 59 1999 242,141 86,286 5,828 1,073 447 2,075 59 2000 242,695 97,568 6,847 996 437 3,344 54 2001P 243,196 107,476 7,566 918 406 4,575 51 

1 Vehicles in use represent lower bound estimates, rounded to the nearest thousand. 2 Remaining portion is motor gasoline.

P=Preliminary. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelalternate.html.

Sources: 1992-1995—Science Applications International Co

Fuels and Vehicles Data Development," unpublished final report Administration (EIA) (McLean, VA, July 1996) and U.S. Department and Renewable Energy. 1996-2001— EIA, Office of Coal, Nuclear, 
Renewable Energy

Table 10.2a SourcesWood, Residential: • 1949-1979—Energy Information Administration(EIA), Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy Consumption from 1949 to 1981,

Table A2. • 1980-1983—EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy Consumption 1980-1983, Table ES1. • 1984—EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 1. • 1985 and 1986—Values interpolated. •

1987—EIA, Estimates of Biofuels Consumption in the United States During 1987, Table 2. • 1988—Value interpolated. • 1989-2001—EIA, Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels (CNEAF) estimatesbased upon data from Form EIA-457A/G, “Residential Energy Consumption Survey.” Wood, Commercial: • 1949-1979—EIA, Estimates of U.S.Wood Energy Consumption from 1949 to 1981 , Table A2. •1980-1983—EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy Consumption1980-1983 , Table ES1. • 1984—EIA, CNEAF estimate. •1985-1988—Values interpolated. • 1989-2001 CNEAF estimates combined with data from Table 8.3e. Wood, Industrial: • 1949-1979—EIA,Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy Consumption from 1949 to 1981, Table A2.• 1980-1983— EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy Consumption1980-1983, Table ES1. • 1984—EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 1. • 1985 and 1986—Values interpolated. • 1987—EIA,

Estimates of Biofuels Consumption in the United States During 1987, Table2. • 1988—Value interpolated. • 1989-2001—EIA, CNEAF estimatesbased upon Form EIA-846 (A,B,C) “Manufacturing Energy ConsumptionSurvey” and data from Table 8.3e. Waste, Commercial: •1989-2001—Table 8.3e. Waste, Industrial: • 1981-1988—EIA, CNEAFestimates. • 1989- 2001—EIA, CNEAF estimates based upon data fromGovernment Advisory Associates, Resource Recovery Yearbook and Methane Recovery Yearbook, and data from Table 8.3e. Hydropower, Commercial: 1989-2001—Tables 8.2c and A6. Hydropower, Industrial: •

1949-1978—Federal Power Commission (FPC), Form FPC-4, “Monthly

Power Plant Report,” for plants with generatmegawatts, and FPC, Form FPC-12C, “Industrpacity,” for all other plants, and Table A6. • “Monthly Power Plant Report,” for plants with ing 10 megawatts, and EIA estimates for all ot1980-1988—Estimated by EIA as the average period of 1974-1979; and Table A6. • 1989-2Alcohol Fuels: • 1981— EIA, Estimates of 1990, Table 10. • 1982 and 1983—EIA1984—EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consu

1985 and 1986—Values interpolated. • 198Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 10. • 191989—EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Cons

1990 and 1992—EIA, Estimates of U.S. Bio1992, Table D1. • 1991—Value interpolated

leum Supply Monthly, Tables 2 and 28, anCNEAF estimates based upon EIA, Form-EIA-Telephone Report," and Form EIA-814, “Monthermal: • 1989-1999—John Lund, OregoGeoheat Center, unpublished data. Solar: • 

estimates. • 1992 and 1993—EIA, Renewabl

ble 2. • 1994-1998—EIA, Renewable Energ1999—EIA, Renewable Energy Annual 2000, Ta

CNEAF estimates based upon Form EIA-63-Collector Manufacturers Survey,” and Form EItaic Module/Cell Manufacturers Survey.”Table 10.2b SourcesElectric Power Sector: Tables 8.2b, 8.2c, a

Trade: • 1949-1988—Tables 8.1 and A6. • 1National Energy Board of Canada, the Califanalysis by EIA, CNEAF, and Table A6.

276 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001
Drilling rig, Gansu Province, People’s Republic of China. Source: U.S. Department of Energy.

International Energy

11
278 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 11.1 World Primary Energy Production by Source

Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compa

Source: Table 11.1.

By Source, 2000

Crude Oil Coal Natural Hydro- 

0

4080

120160 155

93 91

27 

Quadrillion Btu

By Source, 1970-2000

1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1

0

4080

120160

Quadrillion Btu

Total and Crude Oil and NGPL, 1970-2000

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

100200300400

Quadrillion Btu

Total

Crude Oil and NGPL

Crude Oil and NGPL

Coal

Natural Gas

Hydroelectric Power, Geothermal, and Other1

Nuclear Electric Power

and NGPL electric 

Power

Gas 

1Net electricity generation from wood, waste, solar, and wind. Data for the United States 

also include other renewable energy.

Notes: Crude oil includes lease condensate. NGPL is natural gas plant liquids. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 11.1 World Primary Energy Production by Source, 1970-2000 (Quadrillion Btu)

Year Coal

Natural

Gas 1 Crude Oil 2

Natural Gas

Plant Liquids

Nuclear Electric

Power 3

Hydroelectric

Power 3

Geother

and Ot

1970 62.96 37.09 97.09 3.61 0.90 12.15 1.51971 61.72 39.80 102.70 3.85 1.23 12.74 1.61972 63.65 42.08 108.52 4.09 1.66 13.31 1.61973 63.87 44.44 117.88 4.23 2.15 13.52 1.71974 63.79 45.35 117.82 4.22 2.86 14.84 1.71975 66.20 45.67 113.08 4.12 3.85 15.03 1.71976 67.32 47.62 122.92 4.24 4.52 15.08 1.91977 68.46 48.85 127.75 4.40 5.41 15.56 2.1978 69.56 50.26 128.51 4.55 6.42 16.80 2.31979 73.83 53.93 133.87 4.87 6.69 17.69 2.41980 72.72 54.73 128.12 5.10 7.58 18.06 2.91981 73.04 55.56 120.16 5.36 8.53 18.35 3.01982 75.64 55.49 114.51 5.34 9.51 18.83 3.21983 75.70 56.12 113.97 5.34 10.72 19.73 3.51984 R80.21 61.78 116.86 5.71 R13.00 20.35 3.61985 R84.09 64.22 115.40 5.82 R15.30 20.57 3.6

1986 R86.33 65.32 120.24 6.12 R16.25 21.03 3.7

1987 R88.34 68.48 121.16 6.32 R17.64 21.10 3.71988 R90.26 71.80 125.93 6.63 R19.23 21.90 3.9

1989 R91.78 74.24 127.98 6.67 R19.74 R21.73 R4.2

1990 R94.29 75.91 129.50 6.85 R20.31 R22.55 R3.91991 R89.70 76.68 128.77 7.13 R21.13 R22.97 R4.0

1992 R90.20 R76.90 129.13 7.38 R21.23 22.94 R4.3

1993 R87.74 R78.41 128.86 R7.68 R21.96 24.30 R4.31994 R89.39 R79.17 130.46 R7.85 R22.36 R24.47 R4.5

1995 R91.84 R80.26 133.32 R8.16 R23.21 R25.70 R4.7

1996 R92.60 R84.01 136.64 R8.31 R24.05 26.10 R4.91997 R95.78 R83.95 140.52 R8.51 R23.82 R26.67 R4.9

1998 R93.97 R85.65 143.15 R8.75 R24.34 R26.61 R4.9

1999 R92.66 R87.57 R140.79 R8.89 R25.08 R27.05 R5.2000P 92.51 90.83 145.97 9.28 25.51 27.46 5.3

1 Dry production. 2 Includes lease condensate. 3 Net generation, i.e., gross generation less plant use. 4 Includes net electricity generation from wood, waste, solar, and wind. Data for the United States also

include other renewable energy. 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. 

Notes: See Note 1 at end of section. Totals may not equal s

rounding.

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/international.Sources: 1970-1990—Energy Information Administration (

1991 forward—EIA, International Energy Annual 2000 (May 2002

Energy Database.
280 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared. Source: Table 11.2.

Figure 11.2 World Primary Energy Production by Region and Country

World Areas, 1991-2000

1992 1994 1996 

0

255075

100125

Quadrillion Btu

World and Leading Producers, 1991-2000

1992 1994 1996 1998 2000

0

100200300400

Quadrillion Btu Former U.S.S.R.

North, Central, and South America

Middle East

Africa

Russia

United States

World

Eastern Europeand Former U.S.S.R.

Top Producing Countries, 2000

United Russia China Saudi Canada United Iran Norway Australia India M

0

1020304050607080

71.1

43.3

34.9

21.1 18.2

11.2 10.4 10.2 9.6 9.5 

Quadrillion Btu

China

States Arabia Kingdom 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 11.2 World Primary Energy Production by Region, 1991-2000 (Quadrillion Btu)

Region and Country 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 

North, Central, and South America .......... R109.92 R110.40 R110.70 R115.08 R117.34 R121.06 R123.27 R124.56 

 Brazil ........................................................... 3.94 4.01 4.15 4.31 4.51 4.87 5.14 5.56 

 Canada ....................................................... 13.94 14.48 15.40 16.36 16.85 R17.24 R17.54 R17.50  Mexico ........................................................ 8.01 8.01 8.11 8.10 8.04 8.74 9.07 9.31 

 United States .............................................. R70.33 R69.93 R68.26 R70.68 R71.17 R72.49 R72.39 R72.79 

 Venezuela ................................................... 6.96 6.96 7.27 7.70 8.08 R8.62 R9.49 9.41  Other ........................................................... 6.73 7.01 R7.51 R7.92 R8.69 R9.09 R9.65 R9.99 

Western Europe .......................................... 38.49 R38.91 39.52 R40.54 41.66 44.04 44.10 R43.88  France ........................................................ 4.47 4.63 4.84 4.87 4.97 5.04 4.91 4.80 

 Germany ..................................................... 6.35 6.17 5.84 5.71 5.58 5.49 5.56 5.26  Netherlands ................................................ 2.95 2.93 2.98 2.91 2.91 3.25 2.89 2.78 

 Norway ....................................................... 6.23 7.09 7.28 7.65 8.36 9.29 9.61 9.37 

 United Kingdom .......................................... 9.26 9.07 9.40 10.19 10.76 11.58 11.35 R11.58  Other ........................................................... 9.24 9.02 9.17 9.22 9.07 9.39 9.77 R10.09 

Eastern Europe and Former U.S.S.R. ....... 75.48 R71.40 R66.52 R61.40 R60.03 R60.07 R58.24 R57.65 

 Kazakhstan ................................................. — 3.77 3.39 2.57 2.28 2.36 2.44 R2.38 

 Poland ........................................................ 3.74 3.68 3.70 3.75 3.60 3.25 3.86 R3.35  Former U.S.S.R. ......................................... 66.43 — — — — — — —  Russia ......................................................... — R48.98 R45.53 R42.87 R41.87 R42.01 R40.13 R40.41  Ukraine ....................................................... — 4.38 4.00 3.50 R3.63 R3.45 3.40 R3.41  Other ........................................................... 5.31 R10.59 R9.90 R8.71 R8.66 R8.99 R8.41 R8.10 

Middle East .................................................. 40.31 43.57 45.76 46.94 47.97 49.03 51.33 R54.50 

 Iran ............................................................. 8.27 8.53 8.83 9.16 9.35 9.65 9.84 R9.90 

 Iraq ............................................................. 0.69 1.02 1.21 1.33 1.35 1.39 2.60 4.71  Kuwait ......................................................... 0.43 2.44 4.28 4.73 4.81 4.94 4.85 5.02 

 Saudi Arabia ............................................... 19.75 20.39 20.11 20.00 20.25 20.39 20.82 21.00 

 United Arab Emirates ................................. 6.24 6.11 5.78 5.84 6.14 6.34 6.50 6.61  Other ........................................................... 4.94 5.08 5.54 5.88 6.06 6.32 6.72 7.27 

Africa ........................................................... R23.84 R23.87 R23.85 R24.13 R25.41 R26.15 R27.89 R27.96 

 Algeria ........................................................ 5.04 5.06 4.87 4.79 5.13 5.28 5.63 5.75 

 Libya ........................................................... 3.43 3.34 3.17 3.21 3.23 3.28 3.39 3.26  Nigeria ........................................................ 4.30 4.43 4.45 4.37 4.53 4.57 4.85 R4.90 

 South Africa ................................................ R5.35 R5.17 R5.44 R5.76 R6.09 R6.28 R7.15 R7.12 

 Other ........................................................... 5.72 5.88 5.91 6.01 6.44 R6.75 6.88 6.93 Asia and Oceania ........................................ R62.36 R63.96 R66.96 R70.20 R74.86 R76.29 R79.38 R78.85 

 Australia ...................................................... 6.29 6.59 6.63 6.93 7.45 7.59 8.35 R8.69 

 China .......................................................... 29.68 30.33 31.85 R34.08 R35.47 R36.02 R37.63 R36.38  India ............................................................ 6.86 7.17 7.37 7.63 9.01 8.83 9.05 9.03 

 Indonesia .................................................... 5.85 5.99 6.29 6.63 6.98 7.43 7.44 7.51 

 Japan .......................................................... 3.61 3.54 3.90 3.81 4.19 4.29 4.55 R4.60  Other ........................................................... R10.07 R10.34 R10.92 R11.12 R11.75 R12.13 R12.36 R12.64 

World .......................................................... R350.41 R352.11 R353.31 R358.29 R367.27 R376.65 R384.23 R387.41 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. — = Not applicable. Notes: See Note 1 at end of section. World primary energy production includes production of crude

oil (including lease condensate), natural gas plant liquids, dry natural gas, and coal; and net electricitygeneration from nuclear electric power, hydroelectric power, wood, waste, geothermal, solar, and wind. Data for the United States also include other renewable energy. Totals may not equal sum of

components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/international.Sources: United States: Table 1.2. All Other Data: Energy In

Energy Annual 2000 (May 2002), Table F1, and the International Ene
282 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphics should not be compared. Sources: Tables 11.2, 11.3, and E1.

Figure 11.3 World Primary Energy Consumption

Regional Consumption Shares, 2000

North, Central

Western

E. Europe

Middle

Asia and

World and Leading Consumers, 1991-2000

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

0

150300450

Quadrillion Btu

Production 

and South

 America Europe and Former 

U.S.S.R.

World

United States

China

Russia

Africa

and South

Oceania

Europe

East

America

and Former

U.S.S.R.

27%

35%

18% 13%

4%

3%

East

U.S. Share of World, 2000

Population Energy 

0

102030

4.6

17.9

Percent

Production and Consumption by Region, 2000

North, Central Western E. Europe Middle 

0

50

100150

124

44

62 57

140

71

51

17 

Quadrillion Btu

Production Consumptio
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 11.3 World Primary Energy Consumption by Region, 1991-2000 (Quadrillion Btu)

Region and Country 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 

North, Central, and South America .......... 115.61 117.49 120.50 123.50 126.26 130.73 132.46 133.76 

 Argentina .................................................... 1.99 2.12 2.29 2.32 2.40 2.47 2.57 2.73 

 Brazil ........................................................... 6.21 6.30 6.58 6.89 7.30 7.76 8.19 8.45  Canada ....................................................... 10.89 10.94 11.46 11.74 11.75 12.11 12.37 12.20  Mexico ........................................................ 5.02 5.12 5.13 5.30 5.31 5.55 5.65 5.93  United States .............................................. 84.64 86.05 87.78 89.57 91.50 94.52 94.97 95.34  Venezuela ................................................... 2.21 2.22 2.29 2.42 2.47 2.58 2.66 2.81  Other ........................................................... 4.64 4.73 4.98 5.25 5.54 5.74 6.05 6.29 Western Europe .......................................... 65.08 64.23 64.63 64.69 66.67 68.49 68.96 70.37 

 Belgium ....................................................... 2.27 2.24 2.26 2.31 2.36 2.55 2.63 2.66 

 France ........................................................ 9.39 9.41 9.37 9.28 9.54 9.92 9.87 10.19  Germany ..................................................... 14.31 14.00 14.06 14.01 14.32 14.30 14.30 14.33  Italy ............................................................. 7.17 7.22 7.05 6.97 7.56 7.64 7.45 7.73  Netherlands ................................................ 3.56 3.53 3.60 3.57 3.70 3.82 3.83 3.81  Spain .......................................................... 4.15 4.12 4.04 4.22 4.48 4.39 4.72 5.02  Sweden ....................................................... 2.17 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.34 2.28 2.18 2.28  Turkey ......................................................... 2.08 2.13 2.33 2.23 2.47 2.74 2.96 3.02  United Kingdom .......................................... 9.60 9.33 9.65 9.64 9.60 10.16 9.88 9.87  Other ........................................................... 10.39 10.08 10.09 10.27 10.28 10.68 11.14 11.48 Eastern Europe and Former U.S.S.R. ....... 69.40 65.16 60.75 54.66 53.20 52.47 49.78 48.76  Poland ........................................................ 3.88 3.87 4.00 3.84 3.69 3.55 4.09 3.83  Former U.S.S.R. ......................................... 57.46 — — — — — — —  Russia ......................................................... — 34.88 32.67 29.63 28.24 27.92 25.52 25.62  Ukraine ....................................................... — 8.89 8.58 7.31 7.21 6.73 6.44 6.26  Uzbekistan .................................................. — 1.66 2.04 1.76 1.85 1.91 1.89 1.84  Other ........................................................... 8.06 15.87 13.45 12.13 12.20 12.36 11.84 11.20 Middle East .................................................. 11.26 12.06 12.77 13.41 13.97 14.65 15.50 16.08 

 Iran ............................................................. 3.23 3.35 3.47 3.66 3.81 3.95 4.44 4.47 

 Saudi Arabia ............................................... 3.28 3.39 3.52 3.64 3.85 4.05 4.08 4.27  Other ........................................................... 4.75 5.33 5.78 6.11 6.30 6.65 6.98 7.34 Africa ........................................................... 9.76 9.91 10.05 10.25 10.73 10.78 11.57 11.84 

 Egypt .......................................................... 1.43 1.43 1.51 1.55 1.58 1.73 1.80 1.87 

 South Africa ................................................ 3.58 3.73 3.80 3.85 4.16 3.97 4.64 4.88  Other ........................................................... 4.75 4.75 4.73 4.85 4.99 5.09 5.12 5.09 Asia and Oceania ........................................ 78.33 81.61 86.73 92.24 97.67 100.84 104.09 102.99 

 Australia ...................................................... 3.70 3.82 3.93 3.96 4.11 4.18 4.56 4.60 

 China .......................................................... 28.26 29.31 31.36 34.04 35.21 36.04 37.61 37.07  India ............................................................ 8.06 8.71 9.10 9.59 11.10 11.25 11.55 11.78  Indonesia .................................................... 2.36 2.54 2.87 3.06 3.26 3.52 3.68 3.52  Japan .......................................................... 18.89 19.14 19.41 20.18 20.83 21.48 21.78 21.43  South Korea ................................................ 4.28 4.79 5.55 6.01 6.62 6.95 7.40 6.82  Taiwan ........................................................ 2.09 2.21 2.43 2.63 2.96 3.16 3.27 3.42  Thailand ...................................................... 1.37 1.47 1.68 1.87 2.25 2.44 2.52 2.37  Other ........................................................... 9.31 9.64 10.39 10.91 11.32 11.83 11.73 11.98 World .......................................................... 349.44 350.47 355.43 358.75 368.50 377.97 382.36 383.79 

P=Preliminary. — = Not applicable. Notes: World primary energy consumption includes consumption of petroleum products (including

natural gas plant liquids, and crude oil burned as fuel), dry natural gas, and coal (including net imports ofcoal coke); and the consumption of net electricity generated from nuclear electric power, hydroelectricpower, wood, waste, geothermal, solar, and wind. It also includes, for the United States, the consumption

of renewable energy by the end-use sector. Totals may n

independent rounding.

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/international.Sources: United States: Table 1.3. All Other Data: Energy In

Energy Annual 2000 (May 2002), Table E1, and the International Ene
284 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Source: Table 11.4. .

Figure 11.4 World Crude Oil and Natural Gas Reserves, January 1, 2001

Crude Oil Reserves:

North, Western Eastern Middle East Africa Asia and

0

150300450600750

150

17

59

684

75 44

Billion Barrels

Oil and Gas Journal

Natural Gas Reserves:

North, Western Eastern Middle East Africa Asia and

0

700

1,4002,100

513

162

1,999

1,855

394 365

Trillion Cubic Feet

Oil and Gas Journal

Crude Oil Reserves:

North, Western Eastern Middle East 

0

150300450600750

122

18

66

655

Billion Barrels

World Oil

Natural Gas Reserves:

North, Western Eastern Middle East 

0

700

1,4002,100

515

150

1,944 1,985

Trillion Cubic Feet

World Oil

Central, and

South America Europe Europe and Former U.S.S.R. Oceania Central, and South America Europe Europe and Former U.S.S.R. 

Central, and

South America

Europe Oceania Central, and

South America

Europe Europe and 

Former U.S.S.R. 

Europe and Former U.S.S.R. 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 11.4 World Crude Oil and Natural Gas Reserves, January 1, 2001

Region and Country

Crude Oil

(billion barrels)

Natural Gas

(trillion cubic feet)

Region and Country

Crude Oil

(billion barrels)

Oil & Gas

Journal World Oil

Oil & Gas

Journal World Oil

Oil & Gas

Journal World 

North America ........................................... 55.0 54.6 268.8 281.0 Middle East ............................................... 683.5 654

 Canada ..................................................... 4.7 5.6 61.0 62.2 Bahrain .................................................... 0.1 N

 Mexico ...................................................... 28.3 26.9 30.4 41.4 Iran .......................................................... 89.7 96 United States ............................................ 22.0 22.0 177.4 177.4 Iraq .......................................................... 112.5 115 Kuwait ..................................................... 96.5 98Central and South America ..................... 94.5 67.5 244.6 234.4 Oman ...................................................... 5.5 5

 Argentina .................................................. 3.1 3.0 26.4 27.4 Qatar ....................................................... 13.2 5 Bolivia ....................................................... 0.4 0.2 18.3 6.6 Saudi Arabia ........................................... 261.7 265 Brazil ......................................................... 8.1 8.5 8.2 7.8 Syria ....................................................... 2.5 2 Colombia .................................................. 2.0 2.6 6.9 6.9 United Arab Emirates ............................. 97.8 62 Ecuador .................................................... 2.1 3.1 3.7 4.2 Yemen .................................................... 4.0 2 Peru .......................................................... 0.3 0.9 8.7 8.7 Other ...................................................... (s) 0 Trinidad and Tobago ................................ 0.7 0.7 21.4 23.5  Venezuela ................................................. 76.9 47.6 146.8 147.6 Africa ........................................................ 74.9 86 Other ......................................................... 1.0 1.0 4.2 1.8 Algeria ..................................................... 9.2 12 Angola ..................................................... 5.4 9

Western Europe ........................................ 17.4 17.6 161.8 150.0 Cameroon ................................................ 0.4 N Denmark ................................................... 1.1 1.1 3.4 2.6 Congo ...................................................... 1.5 1 Germany ................................................... 0.4 0.3 11.5 9.3 Egypt ....................................................... 2.9 3 Italy ........................................................... 0.6 0.6 8.1 7.0 Libya ........................................................ 29.5 30 Netherlands .............................................. 0.1 0.1 62.5 58.4 Nigeria ..................................................... 22.5 24 Norway ..................................................... 9.4 10.1 44.0 41.8 Tunisia ..................................................... 0.3 0 United Kingdom ........................................ 5.0 4.7 26.8 26.0 Other ....................................................... 3.1 5 Other ......................................................... 0.7 0.7 5.4 4.9 

Asia and Oceania ..................................... 44.0 57

Eastern Europe and Former U.S.S.R. ..... 58.9 66.1 1,999.2 1,944.0 Australia ................................................... 2.9 2

 Hungary .................................................... 0.1 0.1 2.9 1.1 Brunei ...................................................... 1.4 1 Kazakhstan ............................................... 5.4 NA 65.0 NA China ....................................................... 24.0 30 Romania ................................................... 1.4 1.2 13.2 4.9 India ......................................................... 4.7 3 Russia ...................................................... 48.6 54.3 1,700.0 1,695.0 Indonesia ................................................. 5.0 9 Other 1 ...................................................... 3.3 10.6 218.1 243.0 Malaysia .................................................. 3.9 5

 New Zealand ........................................... 0.1 0 Pakistan .................................................. 0.2 0 Papua New Guinea ................................. 0.4 0

 Thailand .................................................. 0.4 0 Other ...................................................... 1.1 2

World ..................................................... 1,028.1 1,004

1 Albania, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Lithuania, Poland,

Slovakia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan.

NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 billion barrels. Notes: Data for Kuwait and Saudi Arabia include one-half of the reserves in the Neutral Zone between

Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. All reserve figures except those for the former U.S.S.R. and natural gasreserves in Canada are proved reserves recoverable with present technology and prices at the time of

estimation. Former U.S.S.R. and Canadian natural gas figures reserves. Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepe

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/international.Sources: United States: Energy Information Administration, U.S

Gas Liquids Reserves (December 2001). All Other Data: Penn

Journal, December 18, 2000 and Gulf Publishing Company, World O
286 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 11.5 World Crude Oil Production

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared. Source: Table 11.5.

OPEC's Share of World, 1960-2001

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

255075

Percent

World and OPEC, 1960-2001

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

20406080

Million Barrels per Day

Leading Producers, 1960-2

1960 1970 1980 

02468

101214

Million Barrels per DayWorld OPEC

Arabia States Kingdom

42% in

2001

Form

United

 States

Iran

Emira

Peak: 55%

in 1973

Selected Producing Countries, 2001

Saudi Russia United Iran China Norway Mexico Venezuela Iraq United United 

0369

8.0

7.1

5.9

3.7 3.3 3.2 3.1 2.9

2.4 2.3 2.3 

Million Barrels per Day
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 11.5 World Crude Oil Production, 1960-2001 (Million Barrels per Day)

Year

Persian

Gulf

Nations 2

Selected OPEC 1 Producers Selected Non-OPEC Producers

Iran Iraq Kuwait 3 Nigeria 

Saudi

Arabia 3

United

Arab

Emirates Venezuela

Total

OPEC Canada China Mexico Norway

Former

U.S.S.R. Russia

United

Kingdo

1960 5.27 1.07 0.97 1.69 0.02 1.31 0.00 2.85 8.70 0.52 0.10 0.27 0.00 2.91 — (s) 1961 5.65 1.20 1.01 1.74 0.05 1.48 0.00 2.92 9.36 0.61 0.11 0.29 0.00 3.28 — (s) 1962 6.19 1.33 1.01 1.96 0.07 1.64 0.01 3.20 10.51 0.67 0.12 0.31 0.00 3.67 — (s) 1963 6.82 1.49 1.16 2.10 0.08 1.79 0.05 3.25 11.51 0.71 0.13 0.31 0.00 4.07 — (s) 1964 7.61 1.71 1.26 2.30 0.12 1.90 0.19 3.39 12.98 0.75 0.18 0.32 0.00 4.60 — (s) 1965 8.37 1.91 1.32 2.36 0.27 2.21 0.28 3.47 14.35 0.81 0.23 0.32 0.00 4.79 — (s) 1966 9.32 2.13 1.39 2.48 0.42 2.60 0.36 3.37 15.77 0.88 0.29 0.33 0.00 5.23 — (s) 1967 9.91 2.60 1.23 2.50 0.32 2.81 0.38 3.54 16.85 0.96 0.28 0.36 0.00 5.68 — (s) 1968 10.91 2.84 1.50 2.61 0.14 3.04 0.50 3.60 18.79 1.19 0.30 0.39 0.00 6.08 — (s) 1969 11.95 3.38 1.52 2.77 0.54 3.22 0.63 3.59 20.91 1.13 0.48 0.46 0.00 6.48 — (s) 1970 13.39 3.83 1.55 2.99 1.08 3.80 0.78 3.71 23.30 1.26 0.60 0.49 0.00 6.99 — (s) 1971 15.77 4.54 1.69 3.20 1.53 4.77 1.06 3.55 25.21 1.35 0.78 0.49 0.01 7.48 — (s) 1972 17.54 5.02 1.47 3.28 1.82 6.02 1.20 3.22 26.89 1.53 0.90 0.51 0.03 7.89 — (s) 1973 20.67 5.86 2.02 3.02 2.05 7.60 1.53 3.37 30.63 1.80 1.09 0.47 0.03 8.32 — (s) 1974 21.28 6.02 1.97 2.55 2.26 8.48 1.68 2.98 30.35 1.55 1.32 0.57 0.04 8.91 — (s) 1975 18.93 5.35 2.26 2.08 1.78 7.08 1.66 2.35 26.77 1.43 1.49 0.71 0.19 9.52 — 0.01 1976 21.51 5.88 2.42 2.15 2.07 8.58 1.94 2.29 30.33 1.31 1.67 0.83 0.28 10.06 — 0.25 1977 21.73 5.66 2.35 1.97 2.09 9.25 2.00 2.24 30.89 1.32 1.87 0.98 0.28 10.60 — 0.77 1978 20.61 5.24 2.56 2.13 1.90 8.30 1.83 2.17 29.46 1.32 2.08 1.21 0.36 11.11 — 1.08 1979 21.07 3.17 3.48 2.50 2.30 9.53 1.83 2.36 30.58 1.50 2.12 1.46 0.40 11.38 — 1.57 1980 17.96 1.66 2.51 1.66 2.06 9.90 1.71 2.17 26.61 1.44 2.11 1.94 0.53 11.71 — 1.62 1981 15.25 1.38 1.00 1.13 1.43 9.82 1.47 2.10 22.48 1.29 2.01 2.31 0.50 11.85 — 1.81 1982 12.16 2.21 1.01 0.82 1.30 6.48 1.25 1.90 18.78 1.27 2.05 2.75 0.52 11.91 — 2.07 1983 11.08 2.44 1.01 1.06 1.24 5.09 1.15 1.80 17.50 1.36 2.12 2.69 0.61 11.97 — 2.29 1984 10.78 2.17 1.21 1.16 1.39 4.66 1.15 1.80 17.44 1.44 2.30 2.78 0.70 11.86 — 2.48 1985 9.63 2.25 1.43 1.02 1.50 3.39 1.19 1.68 16.18 1.47 2.51 2.75 0.79 11.59 — 2.53 1986 11.70 2.04 1.69 1.42 1.47 4.87 1.33 1.79 18.28 1.47 2.62 2.44 0.87 11.90 — 2.54 1987 12.10 2.30 2.08 1.59 1.34 4.27 1.54 1.75 18.52 1.54 2.69 2.55 1.02 12.05 — 2.41 1988 13.46 2.24 2.69 1.49 1.45 5.09 1.57 1.90 20.32 1.62 2.73 2.51 1.16 12.05 — 2.23 1989 14.84 2.81 2.90 1.78 1.72 5.06 1.86 1.91 22.07 1.56 2.76 2.52 1.55 11.72 — 1.80 1990 15.28 3.09 2.04 1.18 1.81 6.41 2.12 2.14 23.20 1.55 2.77 2.55 1.70 10.98 — 1.82 1991 14.74 3.31 0.31 0.19 1.89 8.12 2.39 2.38 23.27 1.55 2.84 2.68 1.89 9.99 — 1.80 1992 15.97 3.43 0.43 1.06 1.94 8.33 2.27 2.37 24.40 1.61 2.85 2.67 2.23 — 7.63 1.83 1993 16.71 3.54 0.51 1.85 1.96 8.20 2.16 2.45 25.12 1.68 2.89 2.67 2.35 — 6.73 1.92 1994 16.96 3.62 0.55 2.03 1.93 8.12 2.19 2.59 25.51 1.75 2.94 2.69 2.52 — 6.14 2.37 1995 17.21 3.64 0.56 2.06 1.99 8.23 2.23 2.75 26.00 1.81 2.99 2.62 2.77 — 6.00 2.49 1996 17.37 3.69 0.58 2.06 2.00 8.22 2.28 2.94 26.46 1.84 3.13 2.86 3.10 — 5.85 2.57 1997 18.10 3.66 1.16 2.01 2.13 8.36 2.32 3.28 27.71 1.92 3.20 3.02 3.14 — 5.92 2.52 1998 19.34 3.63 2.15 2.09 2.15 8.39 2.35 3.17 28.77 1.98 3.20 3.07 3.02 — 5.85 2.62 1999 18.67 3.56 2.51 1.90 2.13 7.83 2.17 2.83 27.58 1.91 R3.20 2.91 3.02 — 6.08 2.68 

2000 19.94 R3.70 2.57 2.13 2.14 8.40 R2.37 2.95 R29.07 1.98 3.25 3.01 3.20 — 6.48 R2.28 

2001P 19.22 3.72 2.43 2.03 2.26 8.03 2.26 2.88 28.31 2.03 3.30 3.13 3.20 — 7.05 2.28 

1 Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. See Glossary for membership. 2 Persian Gulf Nations are Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates. 3 Includes about one-half of the production in the Neutral Zone between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. 4 Ecuador, which withdrew from OPEC on December 31, 1992, and Gabon, which withdrew on

December 31,1994, are included in "Non-OPEC" for all years.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. — = Not applicable. (s)=Less than 0.005 million barrels per day. Notes: Includes lease condensate, excludes natural gas plant liquids. Totals may not equal sum of

components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/international.Sources: China: 1960-1972—Central Intelligence Agency, unpublished data. 1973-2000—

Energy Information Administration (EIA), International Energy Annual, annual reports, and the International

Energy Database. 2001—EIA, Monthly Energy Review (March 2002), Table 10.1b. United States:

1960-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Statement, Annual.

1976-1980—EIA, Energy Data Reports, Petroleum Statement, A

Supply Annual. 2001—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (F

1960-1969—U.S.S.R. Central Statistical Office, Narodnoye Kh

USSR). 1970-1991—EIA, International Petroleum Monthly, F

1992-2000—EIA, International Petroleum Monthly, February 20

Review (March 2002), Table 10.1b. OPEC Nations: 1960-1972—

Countries, Annual Statistical Bulletin 1979. 1973-2000—EIA, 

reports, and the International Energy Database. 2001—EIA, M

Table 10.1a. All Other Countries: 1960-1969—Bureau of Mines, 

1970-1972—EIA, International Petroleum Annual, 1978. 1

Annual, annual reports, and the International Energy Database. 

(March 2002), Tables 11.1a and 11.1b.
288 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 11.6 World Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production

Notes: Crude oil includes lease condensate. NGPL is natural gas plant liquids. Sources: Tables 11.5 and 11.6.

Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared.

Top NGPL Producing Countries, 2000

United Saudi Canada Mexico United Russia United Arab Algeria Venezuela Qa

0

400800

1,2001,6002,000 1,911

705 699

438

233 232 200 195 170 13

Thousand Barrels per Day

Crude Oil and NGPL Production, 1973-2000

1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000

0

10203040506070

Million Barrels per Day

World and OPEC NGPL Production, 1973-2000

1976 1980 1984 1988 19

02468

Million Barrels per DayCrude Oil

NGPL

World

OPEC

States Arabia Kingdom Emirates
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 11.6 World Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production, 1973-2000 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Selected OPEC 1 Producers Selected Non-OPEC Producers

Algeria Indonesia Kuwait 2 Qatar 

Saudi

Arabia 2

United

Arab

Emirates Venezuela

Total

OPEC Australia Canada Malaysia Mexico Norway

Former

U.S.S.R. Russia

Unite

Kingdo

1973 9 (s) 60 (s) 90 (s) 89 324 50 314 0 75 (s) 170 — 5 1974 12 (s) 50 5 130 (s) 84 347 50 314 0 80 (s) 190 — 5 1975 20 (s) 50 10 140 (s) 76 372 50 309 0 80 5 205 — 15 1976 24 10 50 10 185 (s) 77 442 50 289 0 95 20 220 — 15 1977 19 10 55 5 215 15 78 482 55 290 0 105 20 235 — 30 1978 25 30 75 5 250 30 61 566 60 281 0 115 35 255 — 40 1979 30 40 95 10 303 30 69 637 60 331 0 150 40 270 — 45 1980 36 70 95 10 369 35 60 732 60 331 0 193 40 285 — 45 1981 49 95 60 24 433 60 55 825 60 330 0 241 31 300 — 50 1982 58 80 40 30 430 90 60 842 52 318 0 255 33 315 — 78 1983 56 94 55 25 330 120 57 780 52 309 0 265 38 330 — 111 1984 105 75 67 28 355 130 57 869 54 336 10 257 36 340 — 136 1985 120 44 54 30 375 160 63 892 65 337 10 271 41 350 — 145 1986 120 30 75 22 385 185 97 969 60 328 9 352 53 440 — 152 1987 140 30 95 24 418 145 94 1,006 65 367 11 338 55 430 — 162 1988 120 30 100 30 499 130 98 1,077 67 381 11 370 75 450 — 159 1989 130 72 105 24 503 130 108 1,188 65 410 11 384 74 425 — 140 1990 130 77 65 40 620 135 114 1,281 63 426 12 428 78 425 — 108 1991 140 76 0 50 680 146 117 1,299 61 431 12 457 94 420 — 141 1992 140 75 34 55 713 144 113 1,364 56 460 13 454 95 — 230 160 1993 145 78 53 55 704 146 143 1,435 55 506 17 459 100 — 220 169 1994 140 80 85 50 698 150 146 1,465 56 529 17 461 103 — 200 218 

1995 145 76 95 55 701 160 149 1,506 52 581 20 447 137 — 180 267 

1996 150 80 85 50 697 160 150 1,501 62 596 20 423 138 — 185 259 1997 160 85 109 70 712 160 143 1,589 71 636 50 388 139 — 195 233 

1998 155 87 115 85 755 170 145 1,662 70 651 90 424 131 — 220 241 

1999 190 87 115 111 666 160 R170 1,648 72 653 85 439 121 — 231 238 2000P 195 90 115 133 705 200 170 1,758 70 699 65 438 120 — 232 233 

1 Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. See Glossary for membership. 2 Includes about one-half of the production in the Neutral Zone between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. 3 Ecuador, which withdrew from OPEC on December 31, 1992, and Gabon, which withdrew on

December 31, 1994, are included in "Non-OPEC" for all years.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. — = Not applicable. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day. 

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independeWeb Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/international.Sources: 1973-1989—Energy Information Administration (EIA

reports, and the International Energy Database. 1990 forward—

(May 2002), Table 2.3, and the International Energy Database.
290 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 11.7 Crude Oil Prices by Selected Type

 Source: Table 11.7.

Selected Types, 1970-2002

1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 199

0

1020304050

Dollars1 per Barrel

Nigerian Bonny

Light

Indonesian Minas

Saudi Arabian Light

34°API 34°API 37°API Light-37°API 34°API Tia Juana Light-31°API 22°API Bre

1 Nominal dollars.API=API gravity.Notes: Prices are as of the Friday that is closest to January 1, except in 1987, when 

prices are as of the first Friday in February. Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared.

Selected Types, 2002

Saudi Arabian Light Iranian Light Libyan Es Sider Nigerian Bonny Indonesian Minas Venezuelan Mexico Maya U

05

10152025

17.68

18.90 19.63 19.88 18.89 17.78

14.30

Dollars1 per Barrel
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 11.7 Crude Oil Prices by Selected Type, 1970-2002 (Dollars1 per Barrel)

Year

Saudi Arabian

Light-34 API

Iranian

Light-34 API

Libyan 2

Es Sider-37 API

Nigerian 3

Bonny Light-37 API

Indonesian

Minas-34 API

Venezuelan

Tia Juana Light 4

Mexic

Maya-22 

1970 1.35 1.36 2.09 2.10 1.67 2.05 NA 1971 1.75 1.76 2.80 2.65 2.18 2.45 NA 1972 1.90 1.91 2.80 2.80 2.96 2.45 NA 1973 2.10 2.11 3.10 3.10 2.96 2.60 NA 1974 9.60 10.63 14.30 12.60 10.80 9.30 NA 1975 10.46 10.67 11.98 11.80 12.60 11.00 NA 1976 11.51 11.62 12.21 12.84 12.80 11.12 NA 1977 12.09 12.81 13.74 14.33 13.55 12.72 NA 1978 12.70 12.81 13.80 14.33 13.55 12.82 NA 1979 13.34 13.45 14.52 14.80 13.90 13.36 15.41980 26.00 530.37 34.50 29.97 27.50 25.20 28.01981 32.00 37.00 40.78 40.00 35.00 32.88 34.51982 34.00 34.20 36.50 36.50 35.00 32.88 26.51983 34.00 31.20 35.10 35.50 34.53 32.88 25.51984 29.00 28.00 30.15 30.00 29.53 27.88 25.01985 29.00 28.00 30.15 28.00 29.53 27.88 25.51986 28.00 28.05 30.15 28.65 28.53 28.05 21.91987 16.15 16.14 16.95 17.13 16.28 15.10 14.01988 17.52 15.55 18.52 18.92 17.56 17.62 11.11989 13.15 12.75 15.40 15.05 15.50 12.27 10.61990 18.40 18.20 20.40 21.20 18.55 24.69 17.01991 24.00 23.65 26.90 27.80 26.50 28.62 20.01992 15.90 15.50 17.20 18.20 18.65 19.67 10.71993 16.80 16.70 17.55 18.50 19.10 17.97 12.51994 12.40 12.40 12.55 13.50 14.15 12.97 9.01995 16.63 16.18 16.05 16.15 16.95 16.57 13.71996 18.20 17.73 19.20 19.70 20.05 18.52 15.71997 22.98 22.63 24.10 24.65 24.95 26.62 19.31998 15.50 14.93 16.72 16.50 16.50 15.93 10.81999 10.03 9.83 10.65 10.60 9.95 9.45 6.32000 24.78 24.63 25.85 25.55 24.15 24.85 20.22001 R20.30 R20.20 R22.40 R22.00 R22.80 R22.13 R15.82002 17.68 18.90 19.63 19.88 18.89 17.78 14.3

1 Nominal dollars. 2 Prices for 1974 and 1975 are for crude oil with 40 API gravity. Prices for 1980 include $4.72 in

retroactive charges and market premiums. 3 Prices from 1977 forward include 2 cents per barrel harbor dues. 4 1970-1985—26 API; 1986 forward—31 API. 5 Price for 1980 includes $1.87 market premiums and credit charges.

API=API gravity. R=Revised. NA=Not available. Notes: Based on official government-selling prices, netback values, or spot market quotations.

Prices are usually f.o.b. at the foreign port of lading. Prices 

January 1, except in 1987, when prices are as of the first Friday in F

5.19 for other types of crude oil prices for the United States, sucLanded Costs of Crude Oil Imports, and Refiner Acquisition Costs.

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/international.Sources: 1970-1978—Petroleum and Energy Intelligence 

Weekly. 1979 forward—Energy Information Administration, Weekl
292 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 11.8 Retail Motor Gasoline Prices in Selected Countries, 2000

1 Nominal dollars.2 Research Octane Number (RON) of 95.

Source: Table 11.8.

Premium Unleaded2

United Kingdom South Korea France Italy Spain U

0123456

4.58

4.18

3.80 3.77

2.86

Dollars1 per Gallon

Regular Unleaded

Japan Germany Taiwan Mexico Australia Canada 

012345

3.74

3.45

2.15 2.02 1.94 1.86

Dollars 1 per Gallon
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 11.8 Retail Motor Gasoline Prices in Selected Countries, 1990-2000 (Dollars1 per Gallon)

Year

Regular Unleaded Premium Unleaded 2

Australia Brazil Canada China Germany Japan Mexico Taiwan

United

States France Italy

SouthAfrica

South

Korea Spain 

1990 NA 3.82 1.87 NA 2.65 3.17 1.00 2.49 1.16 3.63 4.60 NA 2.03 NA 1991 1.96 2.91 1.92 NA 2.90 3.46 1.29 2.39 1.14 3.45 4.50 NA 2.49 NA 1992 1.89 2.92 1.73 NA 3.27 3.59 1.50 2.42 1.13 3.57 4.53 NA 2.70 3.49 1993 1.73 2.40 1.57 NA 3.07 4.02 1.56 2.27 1.11 3.41 3.68 NA 2.88 3.02 1994 1.84 2.80 1.45 0.96 3.52 4.39 1.48 2.14 1.11 3.59 3.71 NA 2.87 2.99 1995 1.95 2.16 1.53 1.03 3.96 4.43 1.12 2.23 1.15 4.26 4.00 NA R2.94 3.24 1996 2.12 2.31 1.61 1.03 3.94 3.65 1.26 2.15 1.23 4.41 4.39 1.74 R3.18 3.32 

1997 2.05 2.61 1.62 1.07 3.54 3.27 1.47 2.23 1.23 4.01 4.06 1.72 3.34 3.01 

1998 1.63 2.80 1.38 1.08 3.34 2.82 1.50 1.86 1.06 3.87 3.84 1.51 R3.04 2.81 1999 1.72 NA 1.51 NA 3.42 3.27 1.80 1.86 1.17 R3.85 R3.87 NA 3.80 2.82 

2000 1.94 NA 1.86 NA 3.45 3.74 2.02 2.15 1.51 3.80 3.77 NA 4.18 2.86 

1 Nominal dollars. 2 Research Octane Number (RON) of 95.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. Notes: Prices are those actually paid, i.e., net of rebates, and include transport costs and taxes which

are not refundable. Prices in national currencies are converted to U.S. dollars using exchange ratespublished by the International Monetary Fund. Prices for all countries, except the United States, have

been converted from dollars per liter to dollars per gallon at 3.786 liters per gallon. Comparisons betweenprices and price trends in different countries require care. They are of limited validity because of

fluctuations in exchange rates, differences in product quality, markthe extent to which the standard categories of sales are representaperiod.

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/international.Sources: United States: Table 5.22. All Other Data: Inte

for Economic Cooperation and Development, Energy Prices and TSection B, quarterly reports.
294 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 11.9 World Crude Oil Refining Capacity

Source: Table 11.9.

World and OECD,1 1970-2001

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

20406080

100

 Million Barrels per Day

Leading Countries, 1970-2001

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

05

101520

 Million Barrels per Day WorldOECD1 Uni

Former U.S.S.R. Japan

1 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. See Glossary for 

membership.

Notes: Capacity is as of January 1. Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not 

be compared.

55% of World

Total in 2001

Selected OECD1 Countries, 2001

United States Japan South Korea Italy Germany Canada France United Kingdom Mexico 

05

101520

16.6

5.0

2.6 2.4 2.3 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.5 

 Million Barrels per Day

China
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 11.9 World Crude Oil Refining Capacity, 1970-2001 (Million Barrels per Day)

Year

Selected OECD 1 Countries Selected Non-OECD Coun

Canada France Germany 2 Italy Japan Mexico 3 

South

Korea 3 Spain

United

Kingdom

United

States

Total

OECD 4 Brazil China

Former

U.S.S.R. Russia

Saudi

Arabia 

1970 1.40 2.32 2.36 2.96 3.14 0.50 0.18 0.69 2.30 12.02 32.18 0.50 0.30 5.64 — 0.38 1971 1.45 2.53 2.54 3.24 3.70 0.57 0.25 0.85 2.39 12.86 35.18 0.51 0.42 6.27 — 0.91 1972 1.45 2.69 2.56 3.68 3.82 0.59 0.22 0.87 2.59 13.29 37.22 0.56 0.48 6.68 — 0.51 1973 1.73 2.95 2.70 3.59 4.53 0.63 0.43 1.03 2.47 13.64 39.48 0.72 0.50 7.26 — 0.43 1974 1.79 3.14 2.83 3.88 5.15 0.63 0.42 1.16 2.76 14.36 42.41 0.79 0.60 7.81 — 0.43 1975 1.88 3.34 2.99 3.95 5.35 0.76 0.43 1.17 2.78 14.96 44.07 0.96 0.85 8.24 — 0.61 1976 2.02 3.31 3.10 4.08 5.63 0.76 0.44 1.32 2.89 15.24 46.16 0.99 1.01 9.23 — 0.54 1977 2.10 3.52 3.08 4.26 5.76 0.94 0.42 1.28 3.01 16.40 48.34 1.12 1.40 9.10 — 0.60 1978 2.17 3.46 3.08 4.23 5.67 1.38 0.48 1.27 2.91 17.05 49.37 1.16 1.46 9.98 — 0.59 1979 2.23 3.47 3.10 4.20 5.68 1.24 0.54 1.43 2.53 17.44 49.31 1.21 1.58 10.48 — 0.49 1980 2.22 3.40 2.99 4.13 5.71 1.39 0.60 1.46 2.53 17.99 50.07 1.21 1.60 10.95 — 0.49 1981 2.17 3.34 3.02 4.09 5.66 1.39 0.61 1.46 2.63 18.62 50.57 1.40 1.81 11.40 — 0.49 1982 2.20 3.29 2.94 4.00 5.81 1.47 0.76 1.52 2.48 17.89 49.70 1.41 1.81 11.60 — 0.49 1983 2.02 2.87 2.47 3.28 5.73 1.29 0.76 1.52 2.26 16.86 45.79 1.22 2.00 11.75 — 0.71 1984 1.81 2.67 2.39 3.05 5.17 1.27 0.78 1.49 2.09 16.14 43.41 1.30 2.05 12.00 — 0.86 1985 1.87 2.39 2.17 3.10 4.97 1.27 0.78 1.49 2.01 15.66 42.10 1.31 2.15 12.20 — 0.84 1986 1.86 1.95 1.93 2.74 4.72 1.27 0.78 1.37 1.79 15.46 40.00 1.31 2.15 12.20 — 1.12 1987 1.76 1.83 1.72 2.68 4.79 1.35 0.86 1.31 1.78 15.57 39.64 1.32 2.20 12.26 — 1.13 1988 1.87 1.94 1.65 2.56 4.57 1.35 0.82 1.31 1.80 15.92 40.03 1.41 2.20 12.26 — 1.38 1989 1.86 1.88 1.52 2.45 4.36 1.35 0.88 1.29 1.80 15.65 39.35 1.41 2.20 12.30 — 1.38 1990 1.85 1.82 1.51 2.80 4.20 1.51 0.87 1.29 1.83 15.57 39.66 1.40 2.20 12.30 — 1.48 1991 1.88 1.82 2.07 2.39 4.38 1.68 0.87 1.32 1.87 15.68 40.16 1.41 2.20 12.30 — 1.86 1992 1.91 1.82 2.06 2.39 4.61 1.57 1.16 1.32 1.86 15.70 41.26 1.41 2.20 12.30 — 1.86 1993 1.87 1.85 2.23 2.42 4.74 1.52 1.15 1.30 1.84 15.12 40.82 1.40 2.20 — 6.46 1.86 1994 1.88 1.86 2.27 2.26 4.81 1.52 1.15 1.28 1.87 15.03 40.98 1.25 2.20 — 6.46 1.61 1995 1.91 1.77 2.32 2.26 4.85 1.52 1.17 1.28 1.87 15.43 41.42 1.25 2.87 — 6.53 1.66 1996 1.85 1.78 2.13 2.28 4.87 1.52 1.24 1.33 1.89 15.33 41.19 1.26 2.87 — 6.72 1.66 1997 1.85 1.79 2.11 2.26 4.99 1.52 2.21 1.30 1.94 15.45 42.36 1.26 2.87 — 6.73 1.66 1998 1.85 1.87 2.18 2.45 4.97 1.52 2.54 1.29 1.83 15.71 43.31 1.66 2.97 — 6.87 1.65 1999 1.87 1.95 2.25 2.45 5.06 1.53 2.54 1.32 1.85 16.26 44.08 1.77 4.35 — 6.75 1.69 2000 1.91 1.90 2.28 2.34 5.00 1.53 2.54 1.32 1.79 16.51 44.21 1.78 4.35 — 6.67 1.71 2001 1.91 1.90 2.26 2.36 4.96 1.53 2.56 1.29 1.77 16.60 44.37 1.92 4.35 — 5.44 1.75 

1 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. See Glossary for membership. 2 Through 1990, this is East and West Germany. Beginning in 1991, this is unified Germany. 3 Mexico, which joined the OECD on May 18, 1994, and South Korea, which joined the OECD on

December 12, 1996, are included in the OECD for all years shown in this table. 4 Hungary and Poland, which joined the OECD on May 7, 1996, and November 22, 1996, respectively,are included in Total OECD beginning in 1992, the first year that data for these countries were available. The Czech Republic, which joined the OECD on December 21, 1995, is included in Total OECD beginningin 1994, the first year that data for the country were available.

— = Not applicable.Notes: Capacity data represent distillation capacity. Capacity for all years is as of January 1.

Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent round

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/international.Sources: United States: 1970-1977—Bureau of Mines, 

Refineries, Annual, annual reports. 1978-1981—Energy Informat

Reports, Petroleum Refineries in the United States and U.S. TerritorSupply Annual, annual reports. China and Former U.S.S.R.: Company, The Energy Decade, 1970-1980, A Statistical an

forward—PennWell Publishing Company, Oil & Gas Journal. All OtCompany, Oil & Gas Journal.
296 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 11.10 World Petroleum Consumption

1 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. See Glossary for 

membership. 

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared. 

Source: Table 11.10.

Leading Consumers, 1960-2000

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 

05

101520

Million Barrels per Day

World and OECD,1 1960-2000

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

20406080

100

Million Barrels per Day World OECD1

United States

Former U.S.S.

Japan

63% of World

Total in 2000 China

Selected OECD1 Consumers, 2000

United States Japan Germany Canada South Korea France Mexico Italy United 

05

10152025

19.7

5.5

2.8 2.7 2.2 2.0 2.0 1.9 

Million Barrels per Day
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 11.10 World Petroleum Consumption, 1960-2000 (Million Barrels per Day)

Year

Selected OECD 1 Consumers Selected Non-OECD Co

Canada France Germany 2 Italy Japan Mexico 3 

South

Korea 3 Spain

United

Kingdom

United

States

Total

OECD 4 Brazil China India

Former

U.S.S.R. 

1960 0.84 0.56 0.63 0.44 0.66 0.30 0.01 0.10 0.94 9.80 15.78 0.27 0.17 0.16 2.38 1961 0.87 0.63 0.79 0.54 0.82 0.29 0.02 0.12 1.04 9.98 16.77 0.28 0.17 0.17 2.57 1962 0.92 0.73 1.00 0.67 0.93 0.30 0.02 0.12 1.12 10.40 18.06 0.31 0.14 0.18 2.87 1963 0.99 0.86 1.17 0.77 1.21 0.31 0.03 0.12 1.27 10.74 19.60 0.34 0.17 0.21 3.15 1964 1.05 0.98 1.36 0.90 1.48 0.33 0.02 0.20 1.36 11.02 21.05 0.35 0.20 0.22 3.58 1965 1.14 1.09 1.61 0.98 1.74 0.34 0.03 0.23 1.49 11.51 22.81 0.33 0.23 0.25 3.61 1966 1.21 1.19 1.80 1.08 1.98 0.36 0.04 0.31 1.58 12.08 24.60 0.38 0.30 0.28 3.87 1967 1.25 1.34 1.86 1.19 2.14 0.39 0.07 0.36 1.64 12.56 25.94 0.38 0.28 0.26 4.22 1968 1.34 1.46 1.99 1.40 2.66 0.41 0.10 0.46 1.82 13.39 28.56 0.46 0.31 0.31 4.48 1969 1.42 1.66 2.33 1.69 3.25 0.45 0.15 0.49 1.98 14.14 31.54 0.48 0.44 0.34 4.87 1970 1.52 1.94 2.83 1.71 3.82 0.50 0.20 0.58 2.10 14.70 34.49 0.53 0.62 0.40 5.31 1971 1.56 2.12 2.94 1.84 4.14 0.52 0.23 0.64 2.14 15.21 36.07 0.58 0.79 0.42 5.66 1972 1.66 2.32 3.13 1.95 4.36 0.59 0.23 0.68 2.28 16.37 38.74 0.66 0.91 0.46 6.12 1973 1.73 2.60 3.34 2.07 4.95 0.67 0.28 0.78 2.34 17.31 41.53 0.78 1.12 0.49 6.60 1974 1.78 2.45 3.06 2.00 4.86 0.71 0.29 0.86 2.21 16.65 40.12 0.86 1.19 0.47 7.28 1975 1.78 2.25 2.96 1.86 4.62 0.75 0.31 0.87 1.91 16.32 38.82 0.92 1.36 0.50 7.52 1976 1.82 2.42 3.21 1.97 4.84 0.83 0.36 0.97 1.89 17.46 41.39 1.00 1.53 0.51 7.78 1977 1.85 2.29 3.21 1.90 4.88 0.88 0.42 0.94 1.91 18.43 42.43 1.02 1.64 0.55 8.18 1978 1.90 2.41 3.29 1.95 4.95 0.99 0.48 0.98 1.94 18.85 43.62 1.11 1.79 0.62 8.48 1979 1.97 2.46 3.37 2.04 5.05 1.10 0.53 1.02 1.97 18.51 44.01 1.18 1.84 0.66 8.64 1980 1.87 2.26 3.08 1.93 4.96 1.27 0.54 0.99 1.73 17.06 41.41 1.15 1.77 0.64 9.00 1981 1.77 2.02 2.80 1.87 4.85 1.40 0.54 0.94 1.59 16.06 39.14 1.09 1.71 0.73 8.94 1982 1.58 1.88 2.74 1.78 4.58 1.48 0.53 1.00 1.59 15.30 37.45 1.06 1.66 0.74 9.08 1983 1.45 1.84 2.66 1.75 4.40 1.35 0.56 1.01 1.53 15.23 36.59 0.98 1.73 0.77 8.95 1984 1.47 1.75 2.66 1.65 4.58 1.45 0.59 0.91 1.85 15.73 37.43 1.03 1.74 0.82 8.91 1985 1.50 1.78 2.70 1.72 4.38 1.47 0.57 0.85 1.63 15.73 37.23 1.08 1.89 0.90 8.95 1986 1.51 1.77 2.86 1.74 4.44 1.49 0.61 0.88 1.65 16.28 38.28 1.24 2.00 0.95 8.98 1987 1.55 1.79 2.77 1.86 4.48 1.52 0.64 0.90 1.60 16.67 38.96 1.26 2.12 0.99 9.00 1988 1.69 1.80 2.74 1.84 4.75 1.55 0.73 0.98 1.70 17.28 40.24 1.30 2.28 1.08 8.89 1989 1.73 1.86 2.58 1.93 4.98 1.64 0.84 1.03 1.74 17.33 40.88 1.32 2.38 1.15 8.74 1990 1.69 1.82 2.66 1.87 5.14 1.68 1.03 1.01 1.75 16.99 40.92 1.34 2.30 1.17 8.39 1991 1.62 1.94 2.83 1.86 5.28 1.70 1.20 1.07 1.80 16.71 R41.63 R1.48 2.50 1.19 8.35 1992 1.64 1.93 2.84 1.94 5.45 1.72 1.46 1.11 1.80 17.03 R42.64 R1.52 2.66 1.28 — 1993 1.69 1.88 2.90 1.85 5.40 1.71 1.69 1.06 1.82 17.24 R43.04 R1.58 2.96 1.31 — 

1994 1.73 1.83 2.88 1.84 5.67 1.80 1.86 1.13 1.84 17.72 R44.23 R1.67 3.16 1.41 — 

1995 1.76 1.90 2.88 2.05 5.71 1.72 R2.01 1.26 1.85 17.72 R45.01 R1.79 3.36 1.58 — 1996 1.80 1.94 2.91 2.06 5.87 1.76 R2.16 1.18 1.85 18.31 R46.11 R1.90 3.61 1.68 — 

1997 R1.92 1.96 R2.92 R1.91 R5.73 R1.86 R2.26 R1.28 R1.81 18.62 R46.69 R2.03 3.92 1.77 — 

1998 R1.95 2.03 2.92 R1.95 R5.53 R1.95 R1.93 R1.38 R1.79 18.92 R46.96 R2.10 4.11 1.84 — 1999 R2.03 2.03 R2.84 R1.84 R5.59 R2.00 R2.08 1.43 R1.74 19.52 R47.76 R2.13 R4.36 R1.96 — 

2000P 2.70 2.02 2.77 1.87 5.53 1.99 2.15 1.46 1.72 19.70 47.98 2.16 4.78 1.99 — 

1 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. See Glossary for membership. 2 Through 1969, the data for Germany are for the former West Germany only. For 1970 through 1990,

this is East and West Germany. Beginning in 1991, this is unified Germany. 3 Mexico, which joined the OECD on May 18, 1994, and South Korea, which joined the OECD onDecember 12, 1996, are included in the OECD for all years shown in this table. 4 Hungary and Poland, which joined the OECD on May 7, 1996, and November 22, 1996, respectively,are included in Total OECD beginning in 1970, the first year that data for these countries were available. 

The Czech Republic, which joined the OECD on December 21, 1995in 1993, the year that it came into existence.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. — = Not applicable.Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independeWeb Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/international.Sources: 1960-1979—Energy Information Administration (

1980 forward—EIA, International Energy Annual, annual reports, a
298 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared. Source: Table 11.11.

Figure 11.11 World Dry Natural Gas Production

World and Leading Producers, 1991-2000

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

0

306090

Trillion Cubic Feet

World Areas, 1991-2000

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 

0

10203040

Trillion Cubic Feet

World Areas, 2000

North, E. Europe Middle East W. E

0

10203040

30.21

26.24

12.05

Trillion Cubic Feet 10

World

Russia

United States

Eastern Europe

and Former U.S.S.R.

North, Central, and

South America

Western Europe

Asia and Oceania

and 

Former 

U.S.S.R.

Central,

and 

So. America

and Africa 

Canada
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 11.11 World Dry Natural Gas Production, 1991-2000 (Trillion Cubic Feet)

Region and Country 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 

North, Central, and South America ............................... 24.81 25.38 26.26 27.50 27.74 R28.39 R28.75 R29.39 

 Argentina ........................................................................ 0.70 0.71 0.76 0.79 0.88 0.94 0.97 1.04 

 Canada ........................................................................... 4.06 4.52 4.91 5.27 5.60 R5.71 R5.76 R5.98  Mexico ............................................................................ 0.90 0.88 0.95 0.97 0.96 1.06 1.17 1.27  United States .................................................................. 17.70 17.84 18.10 18.82 18.60 18.85 18.90 R19.02  Venezuela ....................................................................... 0.79 0.76 0.82 0.88 0.89 0.96 0.99 1.11  Other ............................................................................... 0.65 0.66 0.73 0.78 0.81 0.86 0.96 0.96 

Western Europe .............................................................. 7.83 7.92 8.33 8.44 8.80 10.09 9.71 9.64  Germany ......................................................................... 0.67 0.68 0.68 0.70 0.74 0.80 0.79 0.77 

 Italy ................................................................................. 0.61 0.64 0.69 0.73 0.72 0.71 0.68 0.67  Netherlands .................................................................... 3.04 3.06 3.11 2.95 2.98 3.37 2.99 2.84 

 Norway ........................................................................... 0.97 1.04 0.97 1.04 1.08 1.45 1.62 1.63 

 United Kingdom .............................................................. 2.01 1.96 2.31 2.47 2.67 3.18 3.03 3.14  Other ............................................................................... 0.53 0.54 0.57 0.55 0.61 0.59 0.60 0.58 

Eastern Europe and Former U.S.S.R. ........................... 29.85 28.58 R27.99 26.47 25.93 26.28 24.85 R25.17 

 Romania ......................................................................... 0.88 0.78 0.75 0.69 0.68 0.63 0.61 0.52 

 Former U.S.S.R. ............................................................. 28.62 — — — — — — —  Russia ............................................................................. — 22.62 21.81 21.45 21.01 21.23 20.17 20.87  Turkmenistan .................................................................. — 2.02 2.29 1.26 1.14 1.31 0.90 0.47  Ukraine ........................................................................... — 0.74 0.68 0.64 0.62 0.64 0.64 0.64  Uzbekistan ...................................................................... — 1.51 1.59 1.67 1.70 1.70 1.74 1.94  Other ............................................................................... 0.36 0.92 0.87 0.76 0.79 0.76 0.79 0.74 Middle East and Africa ................................................... 6.52 6.91 7.24 7.41 7.99 8.76 9.74 10.30 

 Algeria ............................................................................ 1.93 1.97 1.90 1.81 2.05 2.19 2.43 2.60 

 Egypt .............................................................................. 0.32 0.35 0.40 0.42 0.44 0.47 0.48 0.49  Iran ................................................................................. 0.92 0.88 0.96 1.12 1.25 1.42 1.66 1.77 

 Qatar ............................................................................... 0.33 0.40 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.61 0.69 

 Saudi Arabia ................................................................... 1.13 1.20 1.27 1.33 1.34 1.46 1.60 1.65  United Arab Emirates ..................................................... 0.92 1.02 0.94 0.91 1.11 1.19 1.28 1.31  Other ............................................................................... 0.98 1.08 1.30 1.34 1.33 1.53 1.67 1.79 

Asia and Oceania ............................................................ 5.76 6.06 6.55 7.11 7.50 8.13 8.47 8.55  Australia .......................................................................... 0.75 0.80 0.86 0.93 1.03 1.06 1.06 1.10 

 China .............................................................................. 0.53 0.53 0.56 0.59 0.60 0.67 0.75 0.78  India ................................................................................ 0.45 0.48 0.53 0.59 0.63 0.70 0.72 0.76  Indonesia ........................................................................ 1.72 1.79 1.97 2.21 2.24 2.35 2.37 2.27  Malaysia ......................................................................... 0.75 0.80 0.88 0.92 1.02 1.23 1.36 1.37  Pakistan .......................................................................... 0.53 0.55 0.58 0.63 0.65 0.70 0.70 0.71  Other ............................................................................... 1.03 1.10 1.16 1.23 1.33 1.42 1.52 1.56 

World ............................................................................... 74.78 74.84 76.36 76.93 77.96 R81.65 R81.52 R83.03 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. — = Not applicable. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/international.

Sources: United States: Table 6.1. All Other Data: Energy In

Energy Annual 2000 (May 2002), Table 2.4, and the International Ene
300 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 11.12 World Dry Natural Gas Consumption

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared. Source: Table 11.12.

World and Leading Consumers, 1980-2000

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 

0

306090

Trillion Cubic Feet

World

Former U.S.S.R.

United States 

States Kingdom Arabia lands

Selected Consuming Countries, 2000

United Russia United Canada Germany Ukraine Japan Italy Iran Saudi Nether- Uzbekistan F

05

10152025 23.5

14.1

3.4 3.3 3.1 2.8 2.8 2.5 2.2 1.8 1.7 1.5 

Trillion Cubic Feet
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 11.12 World Dry Natural Gas Consumption, 1980-2000 (Billion Cubic Feet)

Year Canada France Germany 1 Indonesia Iran Italy Japan

Netherlands Former U.S.S.R. Russia Saudi Arabia Ukraine United Kingdom United States 

1980 1,883 981 2,621 195 232 972 903 1,493 13,328 — 334 — 1,702 19,877 1981 1,842 1,003 2,513 232 155 942 925 1,421 14,440 — 564 — 1,740 19,404 1982 1,859 979 2,334 218 200 944 956 1,511 15,522 — 430 — 1,743 18,001 1983 1,863 999 2,397 302 310 967 1,020 1,451 16,822 — 418 — 1,815 16,835 1984 2,017 1,079 2,584 365 476 1,135 1,372 1,540 18,512 — 620 — 1,851 17,951 1985 2,165 1,110 2,546 513 600 1,151 1,468 1,624 20,302 — 716 — 1,991 17,281 1986 2,130 1,129 2,595 441 536 1,217 1,494 1,620 21,522 — 890 — 2,020 16,221 1987 2,112 1,038 2,733 542 565 1,346 1,543 1,672 22,462 — 946 — 2,079 17,211 1988 2,331 963 2,716 492 706 1,460 1,618 1,513 24,092 — 1,028 — 1,972 18,030 1989 2,427 984 2,835 546 784 1,581 1,731 1,550 24,529 — 1,052 — 1,951 R19,119 

1990 2,378 997 2,669 547 837 1,674 1,851 1,535 24,961 — 1,077 — 2,059 R19,163 

1991 2,400 1,131 2,776 557 811 1,775 1,976 1,715 25,014 — 1,130 — 2,218 R19,562 1992 2,596 1,146 2,739 673 883 1,760 2,023 1,669 — 16,482 1,201 3,503 2,170 R20,228 

1993 2,736 1,158 2,830 850 938 1,801 2,034 1,714 — 16,185 1,268 3,871 2,412 R20,790 

1994 2,824 1,157 2,965 965 1,123 1,748 2,180 1,654 — 15,214 1,331 3,327 2,542 R21,247 1995 2,791 1,183 3,172 1,061 1,243 1,921 2,207 1,701 — 14,507 1,343 2,970 2,690 R22,206 

1996 R2,917 1,314 3,163 1,108 1,416 1,984 2,390 1,874 — 14,504 1,460 2,935 3,182 R22,609 

1997 R2,887 1,300 3,012 1,125 1,663 2,048 2,439 1,763 — 13,434 1,601 2,832 3,013 R22,736 1998 R2,794 1,313 R3,130 983 1,828 2,205 2,535 1,752 — 14,045 1,653 2,606 3,072 R22,245 

1999 R3,105 R1,382 R3,151 R1,124 R2,112 2,396 2,646 R1,705 — 14,013 1,632 2,755 3,259 R22,403 

2000P 3,291 1,429 3,099 1,081 2,221 2,486 2,753 1,722 — 14,130 1,759 2,779 3,384 23,455 

1 Through 1990, this is East and West Germany. Beginning in 1991, this is unified Germany.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. — = Not applicable. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/international.

Sources: United States: Table 6.1. All Other Data: 1980-19

(EIA), International Energy Annual, annual reports, and the Interforward—EIA, International Energy Annual 2000 (May 2002), TabDatabase.
302 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 1996

Figure 11.13 World Recoverable Reserves of Coal

Notes: Recoverable reserves are as of December 31, 1999, except for U.S. recoverable 

reserves, which are as of December 31, 2000. Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared.

Source: Table 11.13.

By Type

Anthracite Subbituminous 0

250500750

571

512

Billion Short Tons

and Bituminous

 Coal

Coal and

Lignite

By Region

North America Central Western Eastern Af

0

100200300400

282

24

101

290

6

Billion Short Tons

and South

America

Europe and

Former U.S.S.R. Europe 

Top Reserves Countries

United Russia China India Australia Germany South Ukraine Kazakhstan Poland 

0

100200300

274

173

126

93 90

73

55

38 37 24 

Billion Short Tons

States Africa
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 11.13 World Recoverable Reserves of Coal (Million Short Tons)

Region and Country Anthracite and Bituminous Coal Subbituminous Coal and Lignite 

North America ............................................................. R131,579 R150,866 

 Canada ....................................................................... R 3,826 R 3,425 

 Greenland ................................................................... 0 202  Mexico ........................................................................ 948 387  United States 1 ........................................................... R126,804 R146,852 

Central and South America ....................................... R 8,530 R 15,448  Brazil ........................................................................... 0 R 13,149 

 Chile ........................................................................... 34 1,268  Colombia .................................................................... R 6,908 420 

 Peru ............................................................................ 1,058 110 

 Other ........................................................................... 529 R 500 Western Europe .......................................................... R 27,650 R 73,693 

 Germany ..................................................................... R 25,353 47,399 

 Greece ........................................................................ 0 3,168  Turkey ......................................................................... R 306 R 3,760 

 United Kingdom .......................................................... 1,102 551 

 Yugoslavia .................................................................. 71 R 17,849  Other ........................................................................... R 818 R 966 

Eastern Europe and Former U.S.S.R. ....................... R132,046 R158,138  Bulgaria ...................................................................... 14 2,974 

 Czech Republic .......................................................... R 2,330 3,929  Hungary ...................................................................... R 0 R 1,209 

 Kazakhstan ................................................................. 34,172 3,307 

 Poland ........................................................................ R 22,377 R 2,050  Romania ..................................................................... 1 R 1,605 

 Russia ......................................................................... 54,110 118,964 

 Ukraine ....................................................................... R 17,939 R 19,708  Uzbekistan .................................................................. 1,102 3,307  Other ........................................................................... 0 1,085 Africa ........................................................................... R 60,816 R 216 

 Botswana .................................................................... R 4,740 0 

 South Africa ................................................................ R 54,586 0  Zimbabwe ................................................................... R 553 0 

 Other ........................................................................... R 936 R 216 Middle East, Asia, and Oceania ................................. R210,604 R113,675  Australia ...................................................................... R 46,903 R 43,585 

 China .......................................................................... 68,564 57,651  India ............................................................................ R 90,826 2,205 

 Indonesia .................................................................... R 871 R 5,049 

 Japan .......................................................................... R 852 0  Pakistan ...................................................................... 0 R 2,497 

 Thailand ...................................................................... 0 R 1,398 

 Other ........................................................................... R 2,588 R 1,291 World ........................................................................... R571,224 R512,035 

1 U.S. data are more current than other data on this table. They represent recoverable reserves as of 

December 31, 2000; data for the other countries are as of December 31, 1999, the most recent period forwhich they are available.

R=Revised. Notes: World Energy Council data represent "Proved Recoverable Reserves," which are the tonnage

within the "Proved Amount in Place" that can be recovered (extracted from the earth in raw form) underpresent and expected local economic conditions with existing, available technology. The EIA does not

certify the international reserves data but reproduces the information as a matter of convenience for thereader. U. S. reserves represent estimated recoverable reserves from the Demonstrated Reserve Base

which includes both measured and indicated tonnage. The U.S. te"proved," used by the World Energy Council. The U.S. "meascombined and cannot be recaptured as "measured alone." Totals 

to independent rounding.

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/international.Sources: United States: Energy Information Administration, Coa

data are as of December 31, 2000. All Other Data: World Energy 

2001, data are as of December 31, 1999.
304 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 11.14 World Coal Production

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared. Source: Table 11.14.

World Areas, 1991-2000

1992 1994 1996 

0

0.61.21.82.4

Billion Short Tons

World and Leading Producers, 1991-2000

1992 1994 1996 1998 2000

0246

Billion Short Tons

Top Producing Countries, 2000

China United India Australia South Russia Germany Poland North Ukraine C

0

0.30.60.91.21.5

1.314

1.074

0.345 0.337 0.326 0.281 0.225 0.179

0.101 0.090 0

Billion Short Tons

World

China

United States

Middle East, Asia,

and Oceania

Western Europe

Africa

States Africa Korea
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 11.14 World Coal Production, 1991-2000 (Million Short Tons)

Region and Country 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 

North, Central, and South America ........... 1,115 1,111 1,064 1,160 1,165 R1,201 R1,236 R1,265 

 Canada ....................................................... 78 72 76 80 83 83 87 83 

 Colombia .................................................... 22 24 23 25 28 33 36 37  Mexico ........................................................ 8 7 8 10 10 11 11 12  United States .............................................. 996 998 945 1,034 1,033 1,064 1,090 1,118  Other ........................................................... 11 10 11 11 11 11 R12 14 Western Europe .......................................... 738 672 611 571 555 548 536 R521 

 France ........................................................ 14 13 12 11 11 9 8 7 

 Germany .................................................... 388 346 315 292 274 265 252 233  Greece ........................................................ 58 61 60 62 64 66 65 67 

 Macedonia .................................................. — 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 

 Slovenia ...................................................... — 6 6 5 5 5 6 R5 Spain .......................................................... 37 37 35 33 31 31 29 29  Turkey ......................................................... 51 57 54 60 61 62 66 74  United Kingdom .......................................... 105 94 75 54 52 55 54 R44  Yugoslavia .................................................. — 44 41 42 44 42 45 R49 

 Other ........................................................... 84 7 6 5 5 4 4 4 Eastern Europe ........................................... 1,129 1,115 1,030 939 R889 R854 R821 R762 

 Bulgaria ...................................................... 31 33 32 32 34 34 33 34 

 Czech Republic .......................................... — — 94 85 82 84 R81 R74  Hungary ...................................................... 19 17 16 16 16 17 17 R17 

 Kazakhstan ................................................. — 139 123 115 92 85 80 R77 

 Poland ........................................................ 231 218 218 220 220 193 222 R196  Romania ..................................................... 36 42 44 45 45 46 37 29 

 Russia ......................................................... — 406 364 313 296 304 R258 R241 

 Ukraine ....................................................... — 147 128 104 R95 83 85 R85  Uzbekistan .................................................. — 5 4 4 3 3 3 3  Other ........................................................... 812 106 7 5 5 5 5 5 

Africa ........................................................... R265 R256 R267 R281 R297 R305 R331 R329 

 South Africa ................................................ R256 R247 R258 R272 R288 R297 R325 R322 

 Zimbabwe ................................................... 6 6 6 6 6 5 4 5  Other ........................................................... 3 3 3 3 3 2 R23

Middle East, Asia, and Oceania ................. 1,870 1,939 2,030 2,131 2,312 R2,357 R2,354 R2,292 

 Australia ...................................................... 236 249 248 248 267 272 292 R317 

 China .......................................................... 1,199 1,229 1,304 1,404 1,537 R1,545 R1,507 R1,429  India ............................................................ 253 270 281 280 298 315 326 322 

 Indonesia .................................................... 16 25 30 34 46 55 60 66 

 Mongolia ..................................................... 8 7 6 6 6 6 5 6  North Korea ................................................ 103 105 109 108 107 106 R105 R99 

 South Korea ................................................ 17 13 10 8 6 5 5 5 

 Thailand ...................................................... 16 17 17 19 20 24 26 22  Vietnam ...................................................... 5 5 7 6 9 11 13 12 

 Other ........................................................... 19 19 18 18 17 17 15 14 World ........................................................... R5,116 R5,094 R5,003 R5,082 R5,218 R5,265 R5,278 R5,169 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. — = Not applicable. Notes: Coal includes anthracite, subanthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, and

brown coal. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/international.Sources: United States: Table 7.1. All Other Data: Energy In

Energy Annual 2000 (May 2002), Table 2.5, and the International En
306 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 11.15 World Coal Consumption

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared. Source: Table 11.15.

World Total, 1980-2000

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 19

0123456

4.13 4.21 4.31 4.42 4.67 4.92 5.00 5.15 5.31 5.31 5.36 5.06 5.00 5.05 5.08 5.21 5.28 5.20 5.

Billion Short Tons

Peak

Year

Top Consuming Countries, 2000

China United States India Russia Germany South Africa Japan Poland Australia North Korea Ukra

0.00.51.01.5

1.27

1.08

0.37 0.30 0.26

0.18 0.16 0.16 0.14 0.10 0.1

Billion Short Tons
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 11.15 World Coal Consumption, 1980-2000 (Million Short Tons)

Year Australia China Germany 1 Greece India Japan

North

Korea Poland

Former

U.S.S.R. Russia

SouthAfrica Turkey Ukraine

United

Kingdom

1980 74 679 535 26 130 98 40 221 751 — 105 20 — 134 1981 75 680 544 30 139 106 40 200 748 — 116 23 — 130 1982 79 726 548 31 147 105 41 208 771 — 124 26 — 122 1983 78 768 549 36 160 100 44 213 764 — 127 29 — 123 1984 81 845 573 36 178 113 61 227 770 — 137 35 — 88 1985 86 921 579 42 193 119 66 238 779 — 142 46 — 116 1986 84 962 576 44 209 109 71 247 803 — 145 54 — 123 1987 93 1,027 565 49 208 111 80 258 807 — 148 54 — 129 1988 96 1,098 562 56 215 123 91 253 821 — 151 51 — 123 1989 104 1,113 553 59 226 123 96 242 777 — 140 60 — 126 

1990 104 1,124 528 59 242 125 102 202 848 — R193 60 — 119 

1991 108 1,165 R408 59 252 128 105 202 672 — R153 64 — 118 1992 R111 1,199 R362 62 274 126 107 192 — 375 R152 R66 152 111 

1993 109 1,276 335 62 286 R128 112 194 — 361 R156 R61 135 96 

1994 110 1,390 R314 66 291 133 110 184 — 316 R158 66 109 91 1995 112 1,498 298 64 R312 140 109 184 — 296 R173 67 R110 79 

1996 120 R1,517 296 66 R333 143 108 160 — 317 R166 73 R95 79 

1997 127 R1,450 280 66 R343 147 R107 182 — R258 R178 80 92 70 1998 R138 R1,392 269 68 R340 R143 R102 168 — R238 R187 86 R92 R68 

1999 142 R1,341 R257 R70 R345 149 R103 R161 — R276 R175 84 98 R62 

2000P 144 1,269 261 70 369 161 104 157 — 298 176 91 97 66 

1 Through 1990, this is East and West Germany. Beginning in 1991, this is unified Germany.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. — = Not applicable. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/international.

Sources: United States: Table 7.1. All Other Data: 1980-19

(EIA), International Energy Annual, annual reports, and the Inter

forward—EIA, International Energy Annual 2000 (May 2002), TabDatabase.
308 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 11.16 World Net Generation of Electricity, 2000

Middle East and Africa Asia a

64

Power

Net Generation by Type by Region(Percent of Regional Total)

North America Central and 

Western Europe Eastern 

Forme

1 Wood, waste, geothermal, solar, wind, batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, 

purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.

2 Sum of components does not equal 100 percent due to independent rounding.

Fuels Power

65

18

30

10

2

Net Generation by Type by Region, 2000(Percent of Regional Total)

(s)=Less than 0.05 trillion kilowatthours.Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be comSource: Table 11.16.

49

8817

21

States

(s)

Net Generation in Leading Countries, 2000

United China Japan Russia Canada India Germany France

01234 3.8

1.3

1.0 0.8

Trillion Kilowatthours 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5

Net Generation by Type–1980, 1990 and 2000

Fossil Hydroelectric Nuclear Electric Other1

0.02.55.07.5

10.0

5.6

1.7

0.7

7.1

2.2 1.9

0.1

9.4

2.6 2.4

0.2

Trillion Kilowatthours

1980 1990 2000
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 11.16 World Net Generation of Electricity by Type, 1980, 1990, and 2000 (Billion Kilowatthours)

Region and Country

Fossil Fuels Nuclear Electric Power Hydroelectric Power 1 

1980 1990 2000 P 1980 1990 2000 P 1980 1990 2000 P 

North America ............................................. R1,880.1 2,286.6 2,986.7 287.0 648.9 830.4 546.9 604.8 655.6 R2

 Canada ....................................................... 79.8 105.5 145.8 35.9 69.2 68.7 251.0 293.9 352.8 

 Mexico ........................................................ 46.0 85.7 147.5 0.0 2.8 7.8 16.7 23.2 32.8  United States ............................................. R1,753.8 2,094.7 2,692.5 251.1 576.9 753.9 279.2 287.7 270.0 R2

 Other ........................................................... 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Central and South America ....................... 99.7 115.6 194.7 2.2 9.0 10.9 201.5 364.7 554.6 

 Argentina .................................................... 22.2 20.9 42.9 2.2 7.0 6.0 17.3 20.2 33.7 

 Brazil ........................................................... 7.5 8.1 20.0 0.0 1.9 4.9 128.4 204.6 304.5  Paraguay .................................................... (s) (s) (s) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 26.9 53.0  Venezuela ................................................... 17.6 21.0 18.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.4 36.6 62.3  Other ........................................................... 52.4 65.6 113.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 40.6 76.3 101.1 Western Europe .......................................... 1,180.1 1,181.0 1,398.1 219.2 707.5 849.4 431.7 453.4 551.3 1 Belgium ....................................................... 38.3 25.6 32.0 11.9 40.6 45.7 0.3 0.3 0.5  Finland ........................................................ 22.0 22.8 30.8 6.6 18.3 21.3 10.1 10.8 14.5  France ........................................................ 118.0 45.8 49.1 63.4 298.4 394.4 68.3 52.8 66.7  Germany ..................................................... 390.3 358.9 338.9 55.6 145.1 161.2 18.8 17.2 19.6  Italy ............................................................. 125.5 167.7 206.0 2.1 0.0 0.0 45.0 31.3 44.0  Netherlands ................................................ 58.0 64.1 79.4 3.9 3.3 3.7 0.0 0.1 0.1  Norway ....................................................... 0.1 0.4 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 82.7 119.9 140.2  Spain .......................................................... 74.5 67.2 120.2 5.2 51.6 58.9 29.2 25.2 26.4  Sweden ....................................................... 10.1 5.0 8.8 25.3 64.8 54.1 58.1 71.8 77.8  Switzerland ................................................. 0.9 1.1 2.5 12.9 22.4 23.7 32.5 29.5 36.5  Turkey ......................................................... 12.0 32.3 88.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.2 22.9 30.6  United Kingdom .......................................... 228.9 231.3 260.5 32.3 58.7 81.7 3.9 5.1 5.2  Other ........................................................... 101.4 158.7 180.9 0.0 4.4 4.5 71.7 66.6 89.3 Eastern Europe and Former U.S.S.R. ....... 1,309.3 1,471.5 1,043.3 83.2 251.3 265.7 211.3 253.6 255.8 1

 Czech Republic .......................................... — — 54.1 — — 12.9 — — 1.7 

 Kazakhstan ................................................. — — 42.1 — — 0.0 — — 6.6  Poland ........................................................ 111.1 125.0 132.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.2 3.3 2.1  Romania ..................................................... 51.4 49.7 26.2 0.0 0.0 5.2 12.5 10.9 18.4  Russia ......................................................... — — 552.6 — — 122.5 — — 157.8  Ukraine ....................................................... — — 81.0 — — 71.1 — — 11.5  Other ........................................................... 1,146.8 1,296.7 154.7 83.2 251.3 54.1 195.5 239.4 57.7 1Middle East .................................................. 82.8 216.3 429.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.6 12.4 14.8  Iran ............................................................. 15.7 49.8 113.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.6 6.0 6.9  Saudi Arabia ............................................... 20.5 64.9 123.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0  Other ........................................................... 46.6 101.6 192.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.1 6.5 7.8 Africa ........................................................... 129.1 243.7 330.2 0.0 8.4 13.0 60.6 55.5 70.7  Egypt .......................................................... 8.6 31.5 53.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.7 9.9 15.9  South Africa ................................................ 92.1 146.6 180.0 0.0 8.4 13.0 1.0 1.0 1.3  Other ........................................................... 28.4 65.6 96.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 49.9 44.7 53.4 Asia and Oceania ........................................ 907.7 1,626.8 2,992.4 92.7 279.9 464.7 275.2 420.9 543.2 1

 Australia ...................................................... 74.5 131.8 182.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.8 14.1 17.2 

 China .......................................................... 227.9 465.2 1,070.0 0.0 0.0 16.0 57.6 125.1 220.1  India ............................................................ 69.7 198.9 456.3 3.0 5.6 14.1 46.5 70.9 75.8  Indonesia .................................................... 10.6 35.3 75.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 10.1 13.0  Japan .......................................................... 381.6 524.0 615.9 78.6 192.2 293.8 87.8 88.4 86.6  South Korea ................................................ 29.8 45.5 165.7 3.3 50.2 103.5 1.5 4.6 4.0  Taiwan ........................................................ 31.3 43.6 104.1 7.8 31.6 37.0 2.9 8.2 8.7  Thailand ...................................................... 12.3 38.7 87.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 4.9 6.0  Other ........................................................... 70.1 143.8 236.5 (s) 0.4 0.4 61.8 94.5 112.0 World ........................................................... R5,588.8 7,141.4 9,374.6 684.4 1,905.1 2,434.2 1,736.8 2,165.5 2,646.0 R 8

1 Excludes pumped storage, except for the United States. 2 Wood, waste, geothermal, solar, wind, batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur,

and miscellaneous technologies are included in total.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. — = Not applicable. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/international.Sources: United States: Tables 1.2 and 8.2a. All Other Data: 

Administration (EIA), International Energy Database. 2000—EIA, 2002) .
310 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 11.17 World Electrical Installed Capacity by Type

1 Wood, waste, geothermal, solar, wind, batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased 

steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous.

Power

Power

Note: Shares are based on data prior to rounding for publicatio

to 100 percent.

Sources: Tables 11.16 and 11.17.

Power

19801990

2000

 Net Generation, 

 Installed Capac

By Type–1980, 1990, and 2000

Fossil Fuels Hydroelectric Power Nuclear Electric Other

0

600

1,2001,8002,400

1,356

458

136

4

1,753

595

323

19

2,194

694

358

Million Kilowatts

Installed Capacity and Net Generation Shares by Type

Fossil Fuels Hydroelectric Power Nuclear Electric Othe

0

20406080

67

21

11

1

64

18 17

Percent of Total
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 11.17 World Electrical Installed Capacity by Type, 1980, 1990, and 2000 (Million Kilowatts)

Region and Country

Fossil Fuels Nuclear Electric Power Hydroelectric Power 1 

1980 1990 2000 P 1980 1990 2000 P 1980 1990 2000 P 

North America ............................................. R 482.4 578.0 660.5 R57.7 112.2 109.8 R 135.7 159.1 175.5 R

 Canada ....................................................... 27.4 30.9 33.1 5.9 11.9 10.6 47.9 57.9 66.9 

 Mexico ........................................................ 10.8 19.1 27.2 0.0 0.7 1.4 6.1 7.8 9.6  United States 3 ........................................... R 444.1 527.8 599.8 R51.8 99.6 97.9 R 81.7 93.4 98.9 R

 Other ........................................................... 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Central and South America ....................... 36.0 44.9 64.5 0.4 1.7 1.7 43.0 84.1 112.1 

 Argentina .................................................... 8.0 9.5 12.9 0.4 1.0 1.0 3.6 6.6 9.6 

 Brazil ........................................................... 4.1 4.7 6.4 0.0 0.7 0.7 27.5 44.8 59.0  Paraguay .................................................... 0.1 (s) (s) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 5.8 7.4  Venezuela ................................................... 5.8 8.5 8.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.7 10.0 13.2  Other ........................................................... 18.0 22.1 37.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.0 16.9 22.9 Western Europe .......................................... 294.9 318.2 352.8 44.7 117.7 128.5 126.7 141.0 142.1  Belgium ....................................................... 8.2 7.2 8.4 1.7 5.5 5.7 0.7 0.1 0.1  Finland ........................................................ 6.3 7.8 10.6 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.9  France ........................................................ 30.0 22.8 26.2 14.4 52.5 63.2 16.4 20.3 20.8  Germany ..................................................... 84.0 88.2 79.4 10.4 24.5 22.3 7.9 8.7 3.0  Italy ............................................................. 29.1 37.6 52.4 1.4 0.0 0.0 15.8 12.6 13.4  Netherlands ................................................ 16.8 16.8 19.7 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.0 (s) (s)  Norway ....................................................... 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.8 25.7 27.0  Spain .......................................................... 15.4 20.0 25.6 1.1 7.5 7.4 13.5 11.6 11.8  Sweden ....................................................... 7.9 7.9 6.9 4.6 9.9 10.1 14.9 15.8 16.4  Switzerland ................................................. 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.9 3.0 3.1 11.5 10.1 10.4  Turkey ......................................................... 3.0 9.2 15.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 6.6 10.5  United Kingdom .......................................... 64.7 58.8 57.8 6.5 11.4 13.0 2.5 1.4 1.5  Other ........................................................... 28.4 41.0 49.1 0.0 0.7 0.7 19.3 25.5 24.4 Eastern Europe and Former U.S.S.R. ....... 261.1 313.5 297.9 14.2 45.8 47.8 61.6 78.3 80.3  Czech Republic .......................................... — — 11.3 — — 1.8 — — 1.0  Kazakhstan ................................................. — — 15.1 — — 0.0 — — 2.2  Poland ........................................................ 23.4 28.8 28.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 2.0 2.2  Romania ..................................................... 12.7 17.3 15.6 0.0 0.0 0.7 3.5 5.6 5.9  Russia ......................................................... — — 138.1 — — 21.2 — — 43.4  Ukraine ....................................................... — — 36.3 — — 12.9 — — 4.7  Other ........................................................... 225.0 267.4 52.9 14.2 45.8 11.2 56.9 70.7 20.9 Middle East .................................................. 27.9 68.2 94.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.6 4.8 4.1 

 Iran ............................................................. 9.4 15.5 28.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8 2.0 2.0 

 Saudi Arabia ............................................... 5.9 19.1 22.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0  Other ........................................................... 12.5 33.7 42.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 2.8 2.1 Africa ........................................................... 30.5 57.4 72.8 0.0 1.8 1.8 13.9 18.5 19.9 

 Egypt .......................................................... 2.4 8.7 10.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 2.7 2.8 

 South Africa ................................................ 17.8 28.6 37.3 0.0 1.8 1.8 0.5 0.6 0.7  Other ........................................................... 10.3 20.1 25.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.9 15.2 16.4 Asia and Oceania ........................................ 223.1 372.9 650.7 18.5 43.9 68.6 74.4 109.3 159.7  Australia ...................................................... 18.1 29.3 36.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.2 7.3 6.1  China .......................................................... 45.6 92.1 221.5 0.0 0.0 2.2 20.3 34.6 70.0  India ............................................................ 20.7 51.9 80.3 0.9 1.6 2.2 11.8 18.3 24.5  Indonesia .................................................... 3.9 9.6 17.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 3.0 3.0  Japan .......................................................... 98.1 125.0 161.9 15.7 29.4 45.2 19.6 20.4 21.6  South Korea ................................................ 6.5 11.0 34.7 0.6 7.6 13.7 0.8 1.3 1.5  Taiwan ........................................................ 6.9 10.2 16.3 1.3 5.1 5.1 1.4 2.6 4.3  Thailand ...................................................... 2.6 6.0 15.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 2.3 2.9  Other ........................................................... 20.8 37.8 66.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 12.1 19.6 25.8 World ........................................................... R1,355.9 1,753.2 2,193.6 R135.5 323.1 358.3 R457.9 595.1 693.7 R1

1 Excludes pumped storage, except for the United States. 2 Wood, waste, geothermal, solar, wind, batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur,

and miscellaneous technologies are included in total. 3 Net summer capacity at end of previous year. See Table 8.7a.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. — = Not applicable. (s)=Less than 0.05 million kilowatts. Notes: Capacity for all years is as of January 1. Totals may not equal sum of components due to

independent rounding.

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/international.Sources: United States: Table 8.7a All Other Data: 

Administration (EIA), International Energy Database. 2000—EIA, I2002), Table 6.4, and the International Energy Database.
312 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 11.18 World Nuclear Electricity Gross Generation

1 Argentina, Armenia, Brazil, China, Czech Republic, Hungary, Lithuania, Mexico, 

Netherlands, Pakistan, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, and South Africa.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be comSource: Table 11.18.

By Country, 2001

United France Japan Germany Russia South United Ukraine Sweden Canada Spain Belgium Taiwan Switzer- Finland Bu

0

300600900

801

421

325

171 134 113 90 75 73 64 64 46 36 27 23 2

Billion Kilowatthours

By Major Producer, 1991-2001

1990 1992 1994 1996 

0

300600900

Billion Kilowatthours

and South 

America

United States

France

Japan

Germany

States Korea Kingdo

m 

By Region, 2001

North, Central, Western E. Europe Asia

0

250500750

1,000

898 924

293

520

Billion Kilowatthours

land gar

Europe and Africa and Former U.S.S.R.
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 11.18 World Nuclear Electricity Gross Generation, 1991-2001 (Billion Kilowatthours)

Region and Country 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 199

North America ........................................... 733.4 735.2 744.6 787.3 E816.1 E806.4 E752.8 E781.0 E83

 Canada ..................................................... 86.1 81.3 97.6 110.7 100.4 95.2 84.1 E72.7 7

 Mexico ...................................................... 4.2 3.9 4.9 4.2 7.9 7.9 10.4 9.5 1 United States 1 ......................................... 643.0 650.0 642.0 672.4 E707.7 E703.3 E658.3 E698.7 E75

Central and South America ..................... 9.2 8.8 8.1 8.2 9.6 9.8 11.1 10.8 1

 Argentina .................................................. 7.7 7.1 7.7 8.2 7.1 7.4 8.0 7.5 

 Brazil ......................................................... 1.4 1.8 0.4 0.0 2.5 2.4 3.2 3.3 Western Europe ........................................ 769.7 E787.8 820.9 820.2 E835.7 E879.5 E886.5 E884.2 E87

 Belgium ..................................................... 42.9 43.5 41.9 40.6 41.4 43.3 47.4 46.1 4

 Finland ...................................................... 19.2 19.0 19.6 19.1 18.9 19.5 20.9 21.9 2 France ...................................................... 331.4 337.6 366.7 359.1 377.6 397.0 389.3 E384.4 E37

 Germany ................................................... 147.3 158.8 153.5 151.1 154.3 161.7 170.4 161.0 16

 Netherlands .............................................. 3.3 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.2 3.1 3.8  Slovenia .................................................... NA E4.0 4.0 4.6 4.8 4.6 5.4 5.3 E

 Spain ........................................................ 55.6 55.8 56.1 55.1 54.5 59.1 55.4 E58.6 5

 Sweden ..................................................... 76.8 63.5 61.4 72.8 69.9 76.2 E70.6 73.8 E7 Switzerland ............................................... 22.9 23.4 23.3 24.2 24.8 25.0 25.3 25.7 2

 United Kingdom ........................................ 70.4 78.5 90.4 89.5 E85.5 E88.8 E98.8 E103.7 E9Eastern Europe 2 and Former U.S.S.R. ... NA E267.5 E259.0 E227.8 E234.9 E261.6 E247.1 E248.9 E26

 Armenia .................................................... — — — — NA NA 1.4 1.6 

 Bulgaria .................................................... NA E12.2 14.0 14.9 17.2 18.7 E15.5 E19.2 E1 Czech Republic ........................................ NA E12.9 E13.2 E12.7 E12.8 E13.5 NA 7.6 1

 Hungary .................................................... NA E13.8 13.8 14.0 14.0 14.2 14.0 13.9 E1

 Kazakhstan ............................................... NA E0.5 E0.4 E0.4 E0.4 E0.1 E0.3 NA  Lithuania ................................................... NA E16.4 E12.9 E7.0 E9.7 E13.6 12.1 13.5 

 Romania .................................................. — — — — — E1.0 3.9 5.1 

 Russia ....................................................... NA E125.6 120.4 97.7 98.3 108.8 108.1 103.7 11 Slovakia .................................................... NA E11.7 E11.6 E12.7 E12.0 E11.8 11.0 10.3 1

 Ukraine ..................................................... NA E74.6 E72.7 68.4 70.4 80.0 80.8 E74.0 E7Africa ......................................................... 9.7 9.9 7.7 10.3 11.9 E12.5 13.3 14.3 1 South Africa .............................................. 9.7 9.9 7.7 10.3 11.9 E12.5 13.3 14.3 1Asia ............................................................ 303.3 315.2 E345.2 E366.7 E407.0 E426.4 E456.2 E477.2 E47

 China ........................................................ — — E2.6 E14.2 E13.0 E14.3 E11.4 E14.5 E1

 India .......................................................... 5.4 6.3 6.2 5.0 E8.0 8.3 E11.0 E11.2 E1 Japan ........................................................ 205.8 218.0 243.5 253.8 286.1 293.2 318.0 326.9 31

 Pakistan .................................................... 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 

 South Korea .............................................. 56.3 56.4 58.1 58.3 64.0 72.5 78.9 87.3 9 Taiwan ...................................................... 35.3 33.8 34.3 34.8 35.3 37.8 36.6 36.9 3World ......................................................... 1,825.2 E,32,124.5 E2,185.6 E2,220.4 E2,315.1 E2,396.3 E2,367.0 E2,416.4 E2,48

1 See Note 2 at end of section. 2 The gross generation estimates for 1992 through 1997 for Eastern European countries are calculated

as 5 percent more than the annual net nuclear generation reported by the International Atomic EnergyAgency and published annually in Nuclear Power Reactors in the World. 3 There is a data discontinuity between 1991 and 1992; beginning with 1992, data for Eastern Europeand the Former U.S.S.R. are included for the first time.

R=Revised. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. — = Not applicable. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independeSources: France: 2000 and 2001—Ministry of Industry, Ge

Material. Bulgaria 2000 and 2001: Czech Republic 2001: IndiUsed with permission. All Other Data: Nucleonics Week, a copyr

Publishing Companies, Inc. Used with permission.
314 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

1 Tons of carbon equivalent can be converted to tons of carbon dioxide gas by multiplying 

by 3.667. One ton of carbon equivalent = 3.667 tons of carbon dioxide gas.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be comSource: Table 11.19.

Figure 11.19 World Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption and Natural Gas Flaring 

World by Region, 2000

Asia and North Western Eastern Middle C

0

600

1,2001,8002,400

1,970

1,832

1,000

844

288 

Million Metric Tons Carbon Equivalent1

World, 1991-2000

1992 1994 1996 1998 2000

02468

Billion Metric Tons Carbon Equivalent1

Oceania America Europe Europe and Former

U.S.S.R. 

and 

A

Kingdom

6.44 billion metric tons in 2000

Leading Countries, 2000

United States China Russia Japan India Germany Canada United Italy South Korea F

0

400800

1,2001,600 1,571

775

451

314 253 220 158 148 117 115 

Million Metric Tons Carbon Equivalent1

East
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 11.19 World Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption and Natural Gas Flaring, 

(Million Metric Tons Carbon Equivalent 1

)

Region and Country 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 

North America ............................................. R1,553 1,577 R1,608 R1,642 R1,652 R1,712 1,744 1,757 

 Canada ....................................................... 125 R125 130 135 135 R138 R146 R149 

 Mexico ........................................................ 84 86 85 90 R87 R92 R95 R104  United States 2 ........................................... R1,343 1,366 1,393 R1,417 1,430 1,481 R1,503 1,504 

 Other ........................................................... (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) Central and South America ....................... R204 R209 R218 R224 R236 R244 R254 263 

 Argentina .................................................... 30 31 33 32 33 35 35 37 

 Brazil ........................................................... R71 R72 R74 R78 R82 R84 R87 88  Venezuela ................................................... 31 31 31 33 34 36 37 R39 

 Other ........................................................... 72 75 79 81 86 89 95 100 

Western Europe .......................................... R1,003 R966 R958 R953 R973 R1,000 R1,006 R1,006  Belgium ....................................................... 35 34 34 35 35 R38 38 40 

 France ........................................................ 108 104 100 97 101 R106 104 110  Germany ..................................................... R252 R242 241 R237 239 240 R239 R235 

 Italy ............................................................. R113 114 110 108 118 R118 R113 R115 

 Netherlands ................................................ 59 58 60 60 61 62 R64 R62  Spain .......................................................... 64 66 62 64 67 R64 73 R74 

 Turkey ......................................................... 38 R38 39 38 41 R46 R49 50 

 United Kingdom .......................................... 166 157 R158 155 153 R160 154 R149  Other ........................................................... 167 155 154 R159 R158 R167 171 R171 

Eastern Europe and Former U.S.S.R. ....... R1,190 R1,124 R1,034 914 R877 R861 R807 R790  Former Czechoslovakia .............................. R71 R66 — — — — — — 

 Poland ........................................................ 89 89 92 87 83 78 91 85  Romania ..................................................... 37 35 34 32 33 34 33 27 

 Former U.S.S.R. ......................................... 957 — — — — — — — 

 Russia ......................................................... — 574 536 477 R445 R445 R395 R396  Ukraine ....................................................... — 156 145 121 R122 R109 102 R100 

 Other .......................................................... R36 R206 R227 197 195 R195 186 R182 Middle East ................................................ R217 R224 R234 R244 R251 R259 272 R277  Iran ........................................................... 62 64 65 68 71 71 R79 R78 

 Saudi Arabia ............................................... 63 64 65 67 69 R73 72 R70  Other ...................................................... R92 R95 R103 R109 R111 R115 R122 R129 

Africa .......................................................... R205 R206 R213 R216 R226 R224 238 R246  Egypt .......................................................... 26 26 26 27 27 R29 31 32 

 South Africa ................................................ R86 R86 R88 R88 R96 R91 R107 R113  Other .......................................................... R93 R94 99 R100 R103 R104 R101 R102 

Asia and Oceania ........................................ R1,510 R1,575 R1,674 R1,770 R1,860 R1,913 R1,955 R1,915 

 Australia ...................................................... 73 R75 77 77 80 R81 R90 R90 

 China .......................................................... 646 668 712 768 788 R803 R824 R805  India ............................................................ 161 176 186 190 R226 R228 R231 R235 

 Indonesia .................................................... 43 47 54 56 R58 R64 R67 R64 

 Japan .......................................................... 280 286 283 299 298 R308 R309 300  North Korea ................................................ R70 R71 R74 R73 R72 R71 R67 R64 

 South Korea ................................................ R73 R78 R91 R99 R109 R112 R118 101 

 Taiwan ........................................................ 34 35 43 44 R52 R56 58 R61  Thailand ...................................................... 25 27 32 35 43 46 R46 R43 

 Other .......................................................... 105 111 R124 129 R135 R145 R145 R151 

World ......................................................... R5,882 R5,880 R5,939 R5,963 R6,075 R6,214 R6,275 R6,254 

1 Tons of carbon equivalent can be converted to tons of carbon dioxide gas by multiplying by 3.667. 

One ton of carbon equivalent = 3.667 tons of carbon dioxide gas. 2 Data, when converted to million metric tons of carbon dioxide gas, may differ from the values shownfor the United States in Table 12.1 because they exclude carbon dioxide emissions from geothermal,cement production, other industrial sources, waste combustion, and U.S. Territories, and include emissionsfrom bunker fuels consumption.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. — = Not applicable. (s)=Less than 0.Notes: See Note 3 at end of section. Totals may not equal s

rounding.

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/international.Source: Energy Information Administration, International Energy 

and the International Energy Database.
International Energy

Note 1. World primary energy production includes production of crude oil(including lease condensate), natural gas plant liquids, dry natural gas, andcoal; and net electricity generation from nuclear electric power, hydroelectric power, wood, waste, geothermal, solar, and wind. Data for the UnitedStates also include other renewable energy. Crude oil production is measured at the wellhead and includes lease condensate. Natural gas plant liquids are products obtained from processing natural gas at natural gasprocessing plants, including natural gas plants, cycling plants, andfractionators. Dry natural gas production is that amount of natural gas produced that is available to be marketed and consumed as a gas. Coal (anthracite, bituminous, subbituminous, and lignite) production is the sum of sales,mine consumption, issues to miners, and issues to coking, briquetting, andother ancillary plants at mines. Coal production data include quantities extracted from surface and underground mines and normally exclude wastes removed at mines or associated preparation plants. The data on generation of

electricity from nuclear electric power, hydroelectric power, wood, waste,geothermal, solar, and wind include data reported on a net basis, thus excluding electricity that is generally used by the electric power plant for its ownoperating purposes or electricity losses in the transformers that are considered integral parts of the station.

Note 2. Nuclear electricity generation data in Tput of electricity (measured at the generator tegeneration of electricity in the United States argeneration, which is gross output of electricity Note 3. Data for carbon dioxide emissions i

man-caused) emissions from the consumption and coal, and the flaring of natural gas. They 

ide emissions from cement production and othecarbon consumption and flaring statistics foreduced to account for the fraction of fuels not of petroleum, for the fraction of sequestration ooxide emissions have been determined by applycients to the adjusted consumption and flaricoefficients for petroleum, natural gas, and flaformation Administration, Emissions of GreenStates 2000, DOE/EIA-0573(2000), Octhttp://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/1605/ggrpt/appendcoefficients for coal are from Energy Informatioof Greenhouse Gases in the United States 1985-ber 1993, Table 11.

316 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001
“Harpers Ferry, Junction of the Rivers Shenandoah and Potomac.” Engraving by W. Goodacre and Jam

lished in The History and Topography of the United States of North America, by John Howard Hinton, 

collection of the National Park Service, Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, Accession #1297.

Environmental Indica

12
318 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

(s)=Less than 0.005 billion metric tons of gas.Notes: HFCs=hydrofluorocarbons; PFCs=perfluorocarbons; and SF =sulfur 

hexafluoride. Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared. 

Source: Table 12.1.

Figure 12.1 Estimated Emissions of Greenhouse Gases

Emissions by Type of Gas, 2000

Carbon Dioxide Methane Nitrous Oxide HFCs 0

123456

Billion Metric Tons of Gas

Change 1990-2000 in Emissions Based on Global 

Carbon Methane Nitrous 

-25

0

255075

17

-11

5

Percent 

PFCs

SF6

Emissions, Based on Global Warming Potential, by Ty

Carbon Dioxide Methane Nitrous 

0.000.400.801.201.60 1.58

0.18 0.

Billion Metric Tons

Carbon Equivalent

Billion Metric Tons

Emissions, Based on Global Warming Potential, by 

(s) (s)

+

+

Dioxide

Carbon Dioxide Emissions, 1980-2000

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000

02468

Billion Metric Tons of Gas

Oxide

6

2000: 5.8

1990: 5.0

+ +

+

5.81

0.03
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 12.1 Estimated Emissions of Greenhouse Gases, 1980-2000

Year

Greenhouse Gases

(million metric tons of gas)

Greenhouse Gases, Based on Global Warming P

(million metric tons carbon equivalent)

Carbon

Dioxide 2 Methane

Nitrous

Oxide

HFCs

PFCs

SF6

Carbon

Dioxide Methane

Nitrous

Oxide

1980 4,783.8 R27.7 1.0 (s) 1,305 R159 82 

1981 4,661.2 R28.3 1.0 (s) 1,271 R162 84 

1982 4,417.6 R28.7 1.0 (s) 1,205 R164 82 1983 4,383.9 R28.5 0.9 (s) 1,196 R163 R78 

1984 4,619.0 R29.2 1.0 (s) 1,260 R167 85 

1985 4,595.8 R29.5 1.1 (s) 1,253 R169 96 1986 R4,602.6 R29.0 1.1 (s) 1,255 R166 R94 

1987 4,753.6 R29.6 1.1 (s) 1,296 R169 R94 

1988 4,961.8 R29.8 1.1 (s) 1,353 R171 91 1989 R5,023.5 R30.1 1.1 (s) R1,370 R172 96 

1990 R4,969.4 31.7 1.2 (s) R1,355 R199 R94 

1991 R4,917.7 31.9 1.2 (s) R1,341 R200 R96 1992 R5,013.0 R31.8 1.2 (s) R1,367 R200 R98 

1993 R5,130.4 R31.0 1.2 (s) R1,399 R194 R98 

1994 R5,224.4 R31.0 1.3 (s) R1,425 R194 R106 1995 R5,273.5 R31.1 1.3 (s) R1,438 R195 R101 

1996 R5,454.8 R29.9 1.2 (s) R1,488 R188 R101 

1997 R5,533.0 R29.6 1.2 (s) R1,509 R186 R99 1998 R5,540.0 R28.9 1.2 (s) R1,511 R181 R99 

1999 R5,630.7 R28.7 1.2 (s) R1,536 R180 R100 

2000P 5,805.5 28.2 1.2 (s) 1,583 177 99 

1 Emissions of greenhouse gases were weighted based upon their relative global warming potential

(gwp), with carbon dioxide gas equal to a weight of one, and were converted to carbon equivalent bydividing by 3.667. The use of updated estimates of gwp resulted in a number of revisions to previouslypublished data. It is also important to note that revisions in estimated emissions result from revisions inenergy consumption as well. 2 Carbon dioxide emissions do not reflect the revised electric power statistics that are presented in othersections of the Annual Energy Review 2001. 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.05 million metric tons. Notes: HFCs = hydrofluorocarbons; PFCs = perfluorocarbons; and SF6 = sulfur hexafluoride.

Emissions are from anthropogenic sources. Anthropogenic means produced as the result of human

activities, including emissions from agricultural activity and domessources, such as wetlands and wild animals, are not included. 

greenhouse gases are currently being developed, data are frequently with the latest findings of the international scientific community. Fodioxide, revisions are a small percentage of the total (on the order oas nitrous oxide, they may be on the order of 100 percent.

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/environment.html.Sources: 1980-1989—Energy Information Administration (EIA

the United States, annual reports. 1990 forward—EIA, Emission

States 2000 (November 2001), Tables ES1 and ES2.
320 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

By End-Use Sector, 1980-2000

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000

0

200400600

Million Metric Tons Carbon Equivalent1

1 Tons of carbon equivalent can be converted to tons of carbon dioxide gas by multiplying 

by 3.667. One ton of carbon equivalent = 3.667 tons of carbon dioxide gas.

2 Based on chained (1996) dollars.3 Electric power sector emissions are distributed across the end-use sectors.

Economic Growth and Carbon Dioxide Emissions, 1980-

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1

0

20406080

100120140

Index 1990=100

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Sources: Tables 1.5 and 12.2.

Figure 12.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector

Transportation3 

Industrial3

Residential3

Commercial3

2000: 1.6 Billion 

Metric Tons

Inflation-Adjusted Gross Domestic Product2

End-Use Sector

Energy-Related

Carbon Dioxide

Emissions

End-Use Sector Total, 1980-2000

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000

0.00.51.01.52.0

Billion Metric Tons Carbon Equivalent1

By End-Use Sector, 2000

Transportation3 Industrial3 Residentia

0

200400600

515

466

313

Million Metric Tons Carbon Equivalent1
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 12.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector, 1980-2000 (Million Metric Tons Carbon Equivalent 1

)

Year

End-Use Sectors 

Residential Commercial 

Industrial Transportation Total

1980 247.9 178.0 484.2 378.1 1,288.2 1981 239.4 177.9 463.3 374.1 1,254.7 1982 237.9 178.4 408.2 365.6 1,190.1 1983 236.3 180.1 399.6 366.9 1,182.9 1984 241.6 189.2 436.5 379.0 1,246.3 1985 245.4 189.3 424.1 384.3 R1,243.0 1986 244.2 190.6 412.5 399.0 1,246.2 1987 251.5 197.6 427.9 411.0 1,287.9 1988 264.5 207.3 447.9 427.3 1,347.0 1989 R268.4 R210.8 R451.1 R432.5 R1,362.8 

1990 R257.0 R210.3 R452.7 431.8 R1,351.7 

1991 R261.6 R210.4 R439.8 R424.2 R1,336.0 1992 R261.8 R210.8 R455.1 431.1 R1,358.7 

1993 R278.4 R217.2 R452.9 436.4 R1,384.8 

1994 R275.8 R220.4 R463.3 449.3 R1,408.8 1995 R277.9 R224.6 R461.1 457.8 R1,421.3 

1996 R293.9 R233.1 R476.1 468.9 R1,471.9 

1997 R292.8 R245.4 R481.5 473.6 R1,493.3 1998 R293.7 R250.4 R469.5 R481.5 R1,495.2 

1999 R298.8 R253.1 R465.8 R499.4 R1,517.1 

2000P 313.4 267.8 465.7 514.8 1,561.7 

1 Tons of carbon equivalent can be converted to tons of carbon dioxide gas by multiplying by 3.667. 

One ton of carbon = 3.667 tons of carbon dioxide gas. 2 Electric power sector emissions are distributed across the end-use sectors. 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: Includes energy from petroleum, natural gas, and coal. Totals may not equal sum of

components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/environment.html.Sources: 1980-1989—Energy Information Administration (EIA

the United States, annual reports. 1990 forward—EIA, Emission

States 2000 (November 2001), Table 5.

Data in this table come from Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States 2000, which does not reflect the 

vised electric power statistics that are presented in other sections of the Annual Energy Review 2001. The electric powsector in this table includes the fuel consumed by combined-heat-and-power plants to generate electricity (fuel csumed for useful thermal output is included in the industrial sector). Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the UniStates 2001 will include the revised electricity statistics.
322 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 12.3 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector by Energy Source, 

1 Tons of carbon equivalent can be converted to tons of carbon dioxide gas by multiplying 

by 3.667. One ton of carbon equivalent = 3.667 tons of carbon dioxide gas.

2 Total emissions in the electric power sector are distributed across the end-use sectors.3 Liquefied petroleum gases.

 Aviation gasoline, kerosene, and other products.(s)=Less than 0.5 million metric tons.Source: Table 12.3.

0 100 

1

69

44

25

4

55

Million Met

By End-Use Sector

Resi- Com- Indus- Trans0

100200300400500600700

313

268

466

515

Million Metric Tons Carbon Equivalent1

dential2 mercial2 trial2 portation2

By Fuel

Petro- Natural Coal

0

100200300400500600700 658

331

571

Million Metric Tons Carbon Equivalent1

leum Gas

By Petroleum Product

Motor Gasoline

Distillate Fuel Oil

LPG3

Jet Fuel

Residual Fuel Oil

Lubricants

Other 

 Petroleum Natural Gas Coal Electricity

4

By End-Use Sector and Source

Residential2 Commercial2 Industrial2 Transp

0

100200300400500600700

28 14

88

503

73 49 104

1 2 11

46

212 203 227

Million Metric Tons Carbon Equivalent1

4
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2000 

Table 12.3 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector by Energy Source, 200 (Million Metric Tons Carbon Equivalent 1

)

Energy Source

End-Use Sectors Ele

Po

Residential Commercial Industrial Transportation Total Se

Petroleum ..................................................... 27.5 14.2 87.6 502.5 631.6  Aviation Gasoline ....................................... — — — 0.7 0.7  Distillate Fuel Oil ........................................ 16.2 8.6 20.8 106.6 152.2 2  Jet Fuel ...................................................... — — — 68.5 68.5  Kerosene ................................................... 2.0 0.5 0.2 — 2.7  Liquefied Petroleum Gases ....................... 9.3 1.6 13.7 0.2 24.8  Lubricants .................................................. — — 1.9 1.8 3.7  Motor Gasoline .......................................... — 0.9 2.9 301.5 305.3  Residual Fuel Oil ....................................... — 2.6 0.5 23.1 26.2 3  Other .......................................................... — — 47.6 — 47.6 4 

Natural Gas .................................................. 73.2 49.3 104.0 11.4 237.9 Coal .............................................................. 1.2 1.8 45.7 (s) 48.7 5Coal Coke Net Imports ................................. — — 1.7 — 1.7 Electricity ..................................................... 211.5 202.5 226.7 0.9 641.6 Electricity Sales to the Grid (-) ...................... — — 13.2 — 13.2 Total .............................................................. 313.4 267.8 465.7 514.8 1,561.7 5 6

1 Tons of carbon equivalent can be converted to tons of carbon dioxide gas by multiplying by 3.667. 

One ton of carbon = 3.667 tons of carbon dioxide gas. 2 Light oil. 3 Heavy oil. 4 Petroleum coke. 5 Total emissions in the electric power sector are distributed across the end-use sectors.

— = Not applicable. (s)=Less than 0.05 million metric tons. Notes: Data are preliminary. Totals may not equal sum 

rounding.

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/environment.html.Source: Energy Information Administration (EIA), Emissions of G

2000 (November 2001), Tables 6-10.

Data in this table come from Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States 2000, which does not reflect the 

vised electric power statistics that are presented in other sections of the Annual Energy Review 2001. The electric powsector in this table includes the fuel consumed by combined-heat-and-power plants to generate electricity (fuel csumed for useful thermal output is included in the industrial sector). Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the UniStates 2001 will include the revised electricity statistics.
324 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Source: Table 12.4.

Figure 12.4 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption for Manufacturing Industries, 

Carbon Emissions by Top Industry Groups

Petroleum Chemicals Primary Paper Food Nonmetallic Transpor- Fabricated

0

255075

100

87.5 87.3

68.1

31.7

22.9 22.6

14.0 12.7

Million Metric Tons Carbon Equivalent

Carbon Emissions 

Total Em

Carbon Intensity by Top Industry Groups

Computer Plastics Printing Machinery Miscellaneous Textile Trans- Fabricated Textile Apparel Electrical Equip- Prim

0

1020304050

37.82

34.07 32.63

30.06 29.63 29.07 28.52 28.44 27.84 27.67 27.03 26.6

per Quadrillion Btu

and CoalProducts

Metals Mineral

Products

150.4

(37%)

102.1

(25%)

Net Electricity

Natural Gas

Total E

402.1 million metric 

and Electronic 

Products

and Rubber

Products 

and Related 

Support Mills portation Equipment Metal Products Product Mills ment, Appliances, & Components Meta

Million Metric Tons of Carbon All Manufacturing Industries: 16.9

Carbon Intensity by Top Industry Groups

tation 

Equipment

Metal

Products

1 Sum of shares does not equal 100 percent due to independent rounding.2 All other types of energy that respondents indicated were consumed.
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2000 

Table 12.4 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption for Manufacturing Industries, 199

NAICS 2

Code Major Group 

Carbon 1 Emissions (million metric tons carbon equivalent)

Coal Natural Gas Petroleum 

Net

Electricity 3 Other 4 

 311 Food ................................................................................. 3.3 8.2 0.8 10.6 (s)  312 Beverage and Tobacco Products ..................................... 0.7 0.6 0.1 1.2 0.0  313 Textile Mills ....................................................................... 0.5 1.5 0.4 5.1 (s)  314 Textile Product Mills ......................................................... 0.1 0.4 Q 0.9 0.0  315 Apparel ............................................................................. (s) 0.3 0.1 0.9 0.0  316 Leather and Allied Products ............................................. 0.0 0.1 (s) 0.1 0.0  321 Wood Products ................................................................. 0.1 1.1 0.3 3.6 0.1  322 Paper ................................................................................ 7.0 8.4 4.1 11.9 0.2  323 Printing and Related Support ........................................... 0.0 0.6 (s) 2.5 (s)  324 Petroleum and Coal Products ........................................... 0.0 14.5 47.7 6.2 19.0  325 Chemicals ......................................................................... 7.8 34.1 15.4 28.6 1.3  326 Plastics and Rubber Products .......................................... 0.1 1.8 0.2 9.1 0.0  327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products ........................................... 7.6 6.4 1.8 6.6 0.2  331 Primary Metals .................................................................. 25.8 13.4 0.9 27.0 1.0  332 Fabricated Metal Products ................................................ 0.2 3.5 0.3 8.7 (s)  333 Machinery ......................................................................... 0.2 1.4 0.1 4.8 0.1  334 Computer and Electronic Products ................................... 0.0 0.9 (s) 6.8 0.0  335 Electrical Equipment, Appliances, and Components ........ (s) 0.8 0.1 2.7 0.2  336 Transportation Equipment ................................................ 0.8 3.1 0.5 9.7 0.1  337 Furniture and Related Products ........................................ 0.1 0.4 (s) 1.5 (s)  339 Miscellaneous ................................................................... 0.0 0.6 0.1 2.0 0.0  — Total Manufacturing .......................................................... 54.2 102.1 73.3 150.4 22.2 

1 Tons of carbon equivalent can be converted to tons of carbon dioxide gas by multiplying by 3.667. 

One ton of carbon equivalent = 3.667 tons of carbon dioxide gas. 2 The Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system has been replaced by the North American IndustryClassification System (NAICS). 3 "Net Electricity" is obtained by summing purchases, transfers in, and generation from noncombustiblerenewable resources, minus quantities sold and transferred out. It excludes electricity generated fromcombustible fuels. 4 Includes all other types of energy that respondents indicated were consumed. 5 Carbon Intensity is million metric tons of carbon per quadrillion Btu. In the carbon intensitycalculations electricity was evaluated as site electricity, the electricity delivered to the end user. Siteelectricity is equal to 3,412 Btu per kilowatthour.

(s)=Less than 0.05 million metric tons. Q=Data withheld because the relative standard error was greater

than 50 percent.

Notes: For prior surveys and the current Manufacturing Energ

available classified under the old Standard Industrial Classification estimates are for the first use of energy for heat and power and as feuse is defined as the consumption of the energy that was originally pfrom input materials not classified as energy. See Table 2.3 for ma

not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/mecs.Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-846, "199

Survey," Form EIA-810, "Monthly Refinery Report" for 1998, and EUnited States 2000 (November 2001).
326 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Source: Table 12.5.

Figure 12.5 Methane Emissions

1 Animals such as cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, and camels emit methane as a product of 

digestion.

By Source, 2000

Energy Agricultural Wast

0369

12 11.0

9.1

8.0

Million Metric Tons of Methane

Agricultural Sources by Type, 1980-2000

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 

02468

Million Metric Tons of Methane

Total, 1980-2000

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000

0

10203040

Million Metric Tons of Methane

Energy Sources by Type, 1980-2000

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000

02468

Million Metric Tons of Methane Coal Mining

Natural Gas and

Petroleum Systems

Stationary Combustion

Enteric Fermentation1

Animal Waste

Rice Paddies

Sources Sources Manage

Transportation

28.2 in

2000

31.7 in

1990
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 12.5 Methane Emissions, 1980-2000 (Million Metric Tons of Methane)

Year

Energy Sources

Waste

Management Agricultural Sources

Natural Gas

and

Petroleum

Systems

Coal

Mining Transportation

Stationary

Combustion Total Landfills

Wastewater

Treatment Total

Enteric

Fermentation 1

Animal

Waste

Rice

Paddies

Crop

Residu

Burning 

1980 4.42 3.05 0.28 0.81 8.56 9.85 0.14 9.99 5.47 R3.03 0.48 R0.04 

1981 5.02 2.80 0.27 0.82 8.92 10.07 0.14 R10.20 5.56 R2.88 0.54 0.04 

1982 5.05 3.23 0.27 0.88 9.42 R10.21 0.14 R10.35 5.50 R2.78 0.47 0.04 1983 5.01 3.02 0.27 0.86 9.17 R10.41 0.14 R10.55 5.46 R2.84 0.31 0.03 

1984 5.12 3.60 0.26 0.86 9.85 R10.55 0.14 R10.70 5.33 R2.76 0.40 0.04 

1985 R5.17 3.88 R0.26 0.84 R10.15 R10.67 0.14 R10.81 5.27 R2.76 0.36 0.04 1986 R5.06 3.73 R0.26 0.82 R9.86 R10.69 0.15 R10.83 5.13 R2.70 0.34 R0.04 

1987 R5.16 4.01 R0.25 0.80 R10.22 R10.92 0.15 R11.07 5.08 R2.74 0.33 R0.04 

1988 R5.31 3.93 R0.25 0.83 R10.32 R10.98 0.15 R11.13 R5.01 R2.76 0.41 0.03 1989 R,25.47 3.96 R0.25 0.86 R10.54 R11.08 0.15 R11.23 5.11 R2.66 0.38 0.04 

1990 6.87 R4.22 0.25 0.56 R11.90 R11.21 0.15 R11.36 5.16 2.69 0.40 0.04 

1991 7.10 R4.08 0.23 0.59 R12.00 R11.07 0.15 R11.23 5.30 2.79 R0.40 R0.04 1992 7.12 R3.99 0.24 0.62 R11.97 R10.91 0.15 R11.07 5.39 2.81 0.44 0.04 

1993 7.05 R3.41 0.24 0.54 R11.23 R10.68 0.16 R10.84 5.46 2.87 0.40 R0.04 

1994 7.03 R3.47 0.24 0.53 R11.27 R10.39 0.16 R10.55 5.59 2.95 0.47 R0.05 1995 7.11 R3.63 0.25 0.58 R11.58 R10.17 0.16 R10.33 5.61 2.95 0.44 R0.04 

1996 7.11 R3.24 0.24 0.58 R11.17 R9.65 0.16 R9.81 5.46 R2.92 0.40 0.04 

1997 7.26 R3.24 0.24 0.44 R11.18 R9.19 0.16 R9.35 5.42 R3.07 0.44 0.04 1998 R7.04 R3.20 0.24 0.39 R10.88 R8.70 0.16 R8.86 5.41 3.09 R0.46 0.04 

1999 R7.24 R3.03 R0.26 R0.42 R10.94 R8.42 0.16 R8.59 R5.43 3.03 R0.49 0.04 

2000P 7.43 2.89 0.25 0.44 11.01 7.82 0.17 7.99 5.54 3.05 0.43 0.05 

1 Animals such as cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, and camels emit methane as a product of digestion. 2 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1989 and 1990 due to the expanded coverage of

the emissions from oil production beginning in 1990.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: Emissions are from anthropogenic sources. Anthropogenic means produced as the result of

human activities, including emissions from agricultural activity and domestic livestock. Emissions fromnatural sources, such as wetlands and wild animals, are not included. Estimates of methane emissions

are, in general, highly uncertain. The level of precision is probably on the order of 30 to 50 percent. Foradditional information, see "Appendix C, Tier 1 Uncertainty Analysis of Emissions Estimates" in the source

report. Under certain conditions, methane may be produced vmaterials in landfills, animal wastes, and rice paddies. Becau

gases are currently being developed, data are frequently revised olatest findings of the international scientific community. Totals ma

independent rounding.

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/environment.html.Sources: 1980 -1989—Energy Information Administration (EIA

the United States, annual reports. 1990 forward—EIA, Emissio

States, 2000 (November 2001), Table 14. 
328 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 12.6 Ozone Depleting Substances and Criteria Pollutants

Notes: CFC=chlorofluorocarbons; HCFC=chlorodifluoromethane; VOCs=volatile 

organic compounds. Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared.

Source: Table 12.6.

Ozone Depleting Substances, 2000

CFC-11 HCFC-22 Methyl

0

255075

100

40

79

0 Thousand Metric Tons of Gas

Ozone Depleting Substances, 1980-2000

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000

0

100200300400

Thousand Metric Tons of Gas

Criteria Pollutants, 1980-2000

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 

0

20406080

100120

Million Metric Tons of Gas

CFC-12

CFC-113

Chloroform Monoxide Oxides 

Carbon Mo

CFC-11CFC-12

CFC-113

Methyl Chloroform

HCFC-22

Criteria Pollutants, 2000

Carbon Nitrogen 

0

20406080

100120

98

22 

Million Metric Tons of Gas
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 12.6 Ozone Depleting Substances and Criteria Pollutants, 1980-2000

Year

Ozone Depleting Substances

(thousand metric tons of gas)

Criteria Pollutants

(million metric tons of gas)

CFC-11CFC-12

CFC-113 HCFC-22

Methyl

Chloroform

Carbon

Monoxide

Nitrogen

Oxides

1980 NA NA NA 106.5 22.1 1981 NA NA NA 105.7 22.4 1982 NA NA NA 99.2 21.8 1983 NA NA NA 98.3 21.7 1984 NA NA NA 107.2 22.6 1985 R204.2 R24.9 R253.9 105.7 20.9 1986 R225.3 R28.5 R272.7 99.2 20.5 

1987 R259.3 R29.7 R290.5 98.3 20.6 

1988 R268.4 R30.9 R302.5 107.2 21.8 1989 R212.8 R32.7 R309.4 96.0 21.5 

1990 R218.8 R34.0 R316.6 89.3 21.8 

1991 R192.9 R35.4 R309.4 91.7 21.9 1992 R159.8 R35.2 R216.6 89.2 22.3 

1993 R158.9 R35.3 R185.7 89.8 22.6 

1994 R111.3 R37.7 R154.7 93.4 22.9 1995 R105.1 R39.3 R92.8 84.6 22.5 

1996 62.1 R41.0 R0.0 R94.1 R23.1 

1997 48.2 R42.4 R0.0 R94.9 R23.3 1998 45.9 R43.9 R0.0 R91.0 R23.0 

1999 R38.0 R74.1 R0.0 R91.8 R22.4 

2000P 40.0 79.1 0.0 98.1 21.9 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Notes: CFC = chlorofluorocarbons; HCFC = chlorodifluoromethane; and VOCs = volatile organic

compounds. Ozone depleting substances are gases containing chlorine that are being controlled underthe Montreal Protocol because they deplete the earth’s stratospheric ozone layer. They are also powerfulgreenhouse gases that have direct and indirect impacts on the earth’s climate. CFC-113, carbon

tetrachloride, and methyl chloroform were primarily used as solvents until the production of these ozonedepleting compounds ended in 1995. Emissions of these compounds will eventually end completely whenall stockpiles are used. Criteria pollutants are regulated as urban air pollutants. They are also powerful

greenhouse gases that have direct and indirect impacts on Earth’s c

for greenhouse gases are currently being developed, data are freqkeeping with the latest findings of the international scientific communi

Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/environment.html.Sources: Ozone Depleting Substances: 1980 forward—Es

Protection Agency. Criteria Pollutants: 1980-2000—EIA, Office estimates based upon data obtained from the U.S. EnvironmentEmission Trends Summaries (May 2002), Tables A2, A4,and A5. 
330 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure 12.7 Installed Nameplate Capacity of Steam-Electric Generators for Electric Utility Plants With Environmental Equipment

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared. Source: Table 12.7.

By Fuel and Equipment Type, 1998

Particulate Cooling Towers Scrubbers Particulate Cooling Towers 

0

100200300400

322

146

90

31 29

Thousand Megawatts

Collectors Collectors

Coal-Fired Units Petroleum- and Gas-Fired Unit

Particulate Collectors

Cooling Towers

Scrubbers

Particulate Collectors

Cooling Towers

Scrubber

Particulate Collec

Cooling Towe

By Fuel and Equipment Type, 2000

Total Units by Equipment Type, 1985-2000

1985 1990 1995 2000

0

100200300400

Thousand Megawatts

Coal-Fired Units by Equipment Type, 1985-2000

1985 1990 1995 2000

0

100200300400

Thousand Megawatts

Petroleum- and Gas-Fired Uby Equipment Type, 1985-20

1985 1990 

0

255075

Thousand Megawatts
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table 12.7 Installed Nameplate Capacity of Steam-Electric Generators for Electric Utility Plants With Environmental Equipment, 1985-2000 (Megawatts)

Year

Coal-Fired Petroleum- and Gas-Fired T

Particulate

Collectors

Cooling

Towers Scrubbers Total 1

Particulate

Collectors

Cooling

Towers Scrubbers Total 1

Particulate

Collectors

Cooling

Towers 

1985 302,056 120,591 56,955 304,706 36,054 28,895 65 62,371 338,110 149,486 1986 308,566 126,731 63,735 311,217 34,258 27,919 65 59,618 342,825 154,650 1987 311,043 127,875 65,688 312,885 33,431 27,912 65 58,783 344,474 155,786 1988 311,776 129,366 67,156 313,618 34,063 27,434 65 58,937 345,839 156,800 1989 313,708 131,697 67,506 315,549 33,975 28,386 65 59,736 347,655 160,087 1990 315,681 134,199 69,057 317,522 33,639 28,359 65 59,372 349,319 162,557 1991 319,127 136,270 70,294 319,189 33,864 29,067 260 59,773 352,990 165,337 1992 320,016 136,542 71,157 320,078 33,509 28,764 195 59,116 353,525 165,306 1993 318,830 136,028 70,890 318,893 32,620 28,922 0 58,580 351,451 164,951 1994 319,309 137,266 80,617 319,600 31,695 28,186 0 57,123 351,180 165,452 1995 320,268 137,825 84,260 320,467 30,513 27,187 0 54,942 351,198 165,295 1996 321,721 139,065 86,359 321,785 30,349 27,685 0 55,275 352,254 166,749 1997 320,832 138,120 86,605 320,896 31,422 28,766 0 56,485 352,254 166,886 1998 321,082 139,082 87,783 321,353 30,708 27,814 0 55,764 351,790 166,896 1999 324,109 146,377 89,666 331,379 29,371 29,142 0 55,812 353,480 175,520 2000P 321,636 146,093 89,675 328,741 31,090 29,427 0 57,697 352,727 175,520 

1 Components are not additive because some generators are included in more than one category.

P=Preliminary. Note: Data cover only plants with fossil-fueled steam-electric capacity of 100 megawatts or greater.Web Page: http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html.

Sources: 1985-1987—Energy Information Administration (EIA), 

Operation and Design Report." 1988-1993—EIA, Electric Powforward—EIA, Electric Power Annual Volume II, annual reports.

Appendix A

Thermal Conversion Factors

Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Energy Source Asphalt ...................................

Aviation Gasoline ...........................Butane ...................................

Butane-Propane Mixture (60 percent-40 percent) ..

Distillate Fuel Oil............................Ethane ...................................

Ethane-Propane Mixture (70 percent-30 percent) ..

Isobutane .................................

Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type .....................

Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type ......................

Kerosene .................................

Lubricants .................................

Motor Gasoline

Conventional1 ............................

Oxygenated1 .............................

Reformulated1 ............................

Fuel Ethanol2 ............................

Natural Gasoline ............................Pentanes Plus..............................

Petrochemical Feedstocks

Naphtha less than 401o F...................

Other Oils equal to or greater than 401o F......

Still Gas ................................

Petroleum Coke ............................

Plant Condensate ...........................

Propane ..................................Residual Fuel Oil ...........................Road Oil ..................................Special Naphthas ...........................Still Gas ..................................Unfinished Oils .............................Unfractionated Stream .......................

Waxes....................................Miscellaneous ..............................

Table A1. Approximate Heat Content o

(Million Btu per Barrel)

1See Table A3 for motor gasoline annual weighted avera

2Fuel ethanol, which is derived from agricultural feedstock

but is blended into motor gasoline. Its gross heat content (3.5ergy Review calculations; its net heat content (3.192 million 

tion Administration’s Renewable Energy Annual calculation

Source: See “Thermal Conversion Factor Source Docum

Using Thermal Conversion Factors

The thermal conversion factors presented in the following tables can be usedto estimate the heat content in British thermal units (Btu) of a given amount ofenergy measured in physical units, such as barrels or cubic feet. For example,10 barrels of asphalt has a heat content of approximately 66.36 million Btu(10 barrels x 6.636 million Btu per barrel = 66.36 million Btu).The heat content rates (i.e., thermal conversion factors) provided in this section represent the gross (or upper) energy content of the fuels. Gross heat content rates areapplied in all Btu calculations for the Annual Energy Review and are commonly

used in energy calculations in the United States; net (or lower) heat content ratesare typically used in European energy calculations. The difference between thetwo rates is the amount of energy that is consumed to vaporize water that is createdduring the combustion process. Generally, the difference ranges from 2 percent to10 percent, depending on the specific fuel and its hydrogen content. Some fuels,such as unseasoned wood, can be more than 40 percent different in their gross andnet heat content rates.In general, the annual thermal conversion factors presented in Tables A2through A6 are computed from final annual data or from the best available dataand are labeled “preliminary.” Often, the previous year’s factor is used as the preliminary value until data become available to calculate the factor appropriate to

the year. The source of each factor is described in the section entitled “Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation,” which follows Table A6 inthis appendix.Thermal conversion factors for hydrocarbon mixes are weighted averages ofthe thermal conversion factors for each hydrocarbon included in the mix. Forexample, in calculating the thermal conversion factor for a 60-40 butane-propane mixture, the thermal conversion factor for butane is weighted1.5 times the thermal conversion factor for propane.More information about British thermal units (the standardized unit of measure for energy) can be found in the Glossary.
334 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Table A2. Approximate Heat Content of Crude Oil, Crude Oil and Products, and Natural Gas Plant L (Million Btu per Barrel)

Year

Crude Oil Only Crude Oil and Products 

Production Imports Exports Imports Exports 

1949 5.800 5.952 5.800 6.059 5.692 1950 5.800 5.943 5.800 6.080 5.766 1951 5.800 5.938 5.800 6.075 5.762 1952 5.800 5.938 5.800 6.067 5.774 1953 5.800 5.924 5.800 6.052 5.742 1954 5.800 5.931 5.800 6.052 5.745 1955 5.800 5.924 5.800 6.040 5.768 1956 5.800 5.916 5.800 6.024 5.754 1957 5.800 5.918 5.800 6.023 5.780 1958 5.800 5.916 5.800 5.993 5.779 1959 5.800 5.916 5.800 6.020 5.829 1960 5.800 5.911 5.800 6.021 5.834 1961 5.800 5.900 5.800 5.991 5.832 1962 5.800 5.890 5.800 6.004 5.841 1963 5.800 5.894 5.800 6.002 5.840 1964 5.800 5.882 5.800 5.998 5.844 1965 5.800 5.872 5.800 5.997 5.743 1966 5.800 5.863 5.800 5.993 5.729 1967 5.800 5.838 5.800 5.999 5.777 1968 5.800 5.836 5.800 5.977 5.763 1969 5.800 5.825 5.800 5.974 5.714 1970 5.800 5.822 5.800 5.985 5.810 1971 5.800 5.824 5.800 5.961 5.775 1972 5.800 5.809 5.800 5.935 5.741 1973 5.800 5.817 5.800 5.897 5.752 1974 5.800 5.827 5.800 5.884 5.774 1975 5.800 5.821 5.800 5.858 5.748 1976 5.800 5.808 5.800 5.856 5.745 1977 5.800 5.810 5.800 5.834 5.797 1978 5.800 5.802 5.800 5.839 5.808 1979 5.800 5.810 5.800 5.810 5.832 1980 5.800 5.812 5.800 5.796 5.820 1981 5.800 5.818 5.800 5.775 5.821 1982 5.800 5.826 5.800 5.775 5.820 1983 5.800 5.825 5.800 5.774 5.800 1984 5.800 5.823 5.800 5.745 5.850 1985 5.800 5.832 5.800 5.736 5.814 1986 5.800 5.903 5.800 5.808 5.832 1987 5.800 5.901 5.800 5.820 5.858 1988 5.800 5.900 5.800 5.820 5.840 1989 5.800 5.906 5.800 5.833 5.857 1990 5.800 5.934 5.800 5.849 5.833 1991 5.800 5.948 5.800 5.873 5.823 1992 5.800 5.953 5.800 5.877 5.777 1993 5.800 5.954 5.800 5.883 5.779 1994 5.800 5.950 5.800 5.861 5.779 1995 5.800 5.938 5.800 5.855 5.746 1996 5.800 5.947 5.800 5.847 5.736 1997 5.800 5.954 5.800 5.862 5.734 1998 5.800 5.953 5.800 5.861 5.720 1999 5.800 5.942 5.800 5.840 5.699 2000 5.800 R5.959 5.800 R5.849 5.658 

2001P 5.800 5.976 5.800 5.866 5.737 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Note: Crude oil includes lease condensate.

Source: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation," 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table A3. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Product Weighted Averages, 1949-2001 (Million Btu per Barrel)

Year

Consumption

Imports Exports

C

End-Use Sectors Electric

Power

Sector Residential Commercial Industrial Transportation 1 Total

1949 5.493 5.858 5.947 5.465 6.254 5.649 6.261 5.651 1950 5.482 5.865 5.940 5.461 6.254 5.649 6.263 5.751 1951 5.492 5.856 5.913 5.458 6.254 5.634 6.265 5.753 1952 5.488 5.849 5.905 5.442 6.254 5.621 6.261 5.768 1953 5.465 5.845 5.897 5.426 6.254 5.608 6.268 5.732 1954 5.475 5.832 5.883 5.412 6.254 5.595 6.252 5.738 1955 5.480 5.832 5.866 5.408 6.254 5.591 6.234 5.765 1956 5.474 5.828 5.856 5.406 6.254 5.585 6.225 5.744 1957 5.462 5.813 5.842 5.405 6.254 5.577 6.219 5.774 1958 5.465 5.802 5.832 5.393 6.254 5.567 6.091 5.778 1959 5.408 5.803 5.811 5.389 6.254 5.557 6.142 5.830 1960 5.430 5.849 5.800 5.388 6.267 5.555 6.161 5.835 1961 5.432 5.847 5.795 5.386 6.268 5.552 6.102 5.833 1962 5.418 5.835 5.784 5.386 6.267 5.545 6.138 5.842 1963 5.396 5.818 5.759 5.384 6.266 5.534 6.126 5.841 1964 5.375 5.811 5.728 5.388 6.267 5.528 6.129 5.845 1965 5.380 5.837 5.728 5.387 6.267 5.532 6.123 5.742 1966 5.354 5.839 5.722 5.388 6.266 5.532 6.112 5.728 1967 5.291 5.818 5.682 5.391 6.266 5.515 6.128 5.758 

1968 5.272 5.797 5.646 5.394 6.263 5.504 6.095 5.762 

1969 5.213 5.769 5.603 5.394 6.259 5.492 6.093 5.713 1970 5.216 5.773 5.604 5.393 6.252 5.503 6.088 5.811 1971 5.212 5.758 5.600 5.389 6.245 5.504 6.062 5.775 1972 5.193 5.733 5.564 5.388 6.233 5.500 6.045 5.741 1973 5.205 5.749 5.568 5.395 6.245 5.515 5.983 5.752 1974 5.196 5.740 5.538 5.394 6.238 5.504 5.959 5.773 1975 5.192 5.704 5.528 5.392 6.250 5.494 5.935 5.747 1976 5.215 5.726 5.538 5.395 6.251 5.504 5.980 5.743 1977 5.213 5.733 5.555 5.400 6.249 5.518 5.908 5.796 1978 5.213 5.716 5.553 5.404 6.251 5.519 5.955 5.814 1979 5.298 5.769 5.418 5.428 6.258 5.494 5.811 5.864 1980 5.245 5.803 5.376 5.440 6.254 5.479 5.748 5.841 1981 5.191 5.751 5.313 5.432 6.258 5.448 5.659 5.837 1982 5.167 5.751 5.263 5.422 6.258 5.415 5.664 5.829 1983 5.022 5.642 5.273 5.415 6.255 5.406 5.677 5.800 1984 5.129 5.700 5.223 5.422 6.251 5.395 5.613 5.867 1985 5.115 5.660 5.221 5.423 6.247 5.387 5.572 5.819 1986 5.130 5.691 5.286 5.427 6.257 5.418 5.624 5.839 1987 5.095 5.659 5.253 5.430 6.249 5.403 5.599 5.860 1988 5.118 5.657 5.248 5.434 6.250 5.410 5.618 5.842 1989 5.057 R5.619 R5.234 5.440 RP6.240 5.410 5.641 5.869 1990 R4.950 R5.617 5.272 R5.444 RP6.244 5.411 5.614 5.838 1991 4.912 R5.590 R5.190 5.442 RP6.246 5.384 5.636 5.827 

1992 R4.942 R5.577 5.188 5.445 RP6.238 5.378 5.623 5.774 

1993 R4.942 R5.571 R5.195 5.438 RP6.230 5.379 5.620 5.777 1994 R4.936 R5.580 R5.165 R5.426 RP6.213 5.361 5.534 5.777 

1995 R4.925 R5.546 R5.133 5.419 RP6.188 5.341 5.483 5.740 

1996 R4.869 R5.494 R5.129 5.421 RP6.195 5.336 5.468 5.728 1997 R4.870 R5.459 R5.133 5.417 RP6.199 5.336 5.469 5.726 

1998 R4.842 R5.440 R5.149 R5.414 RP6.210 5.349 5.462 5.710 

1999 R4.749 R5.349 R5.105 R5.415 RP6.205 5.328 5.421 5.684 2000 R4.754 R5.388 R5.072 R5.423 RP6.189 5.326 R5.432 5.651 

2001 P4.824 P5.422 P5.120 P5.421 P6.195 P5.346 P5.460 P5.736 

1 The electric power sector (electric utilities and independent power producers) comprises

electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants whose primary business is to sell electricity, orelectricity and heat, to the public—i.e., NAICS 22 plants. 2 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1966 and 1967; beginning in 1967, the singleconstant factor is replaced by a quantity-weighted average of liquefied petroleum gases’ majorcomponents. 3 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1993 and 1994; beginning in 1994, the single

constant factor is replaced by a factor that is a quantity-weightecomponents. See Table A1.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Note: Weighted averages of the products included in each catego

values shown in Table A1.

Source: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation,
336 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Table A4. Approximate Heat Content of Natural Gas, 1949-2001 (Btu per Cubic Foot)

Year

Production Consumption

Dry Marketed End-Use Sectors Electric Power Sector Imports 

1 Total

1949 1,035 1,120 1,035 1,035 1,035 — 1950 1,035 1,119 1,035 1,035 1,035 — 1951 1,035 1,114 1,035 1,035 1,035 — 1952 1,035 1,115 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 1953 1,035 1,116 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 1954 1,035 1,115 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 1955 1,035 1,120 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 1956 1,035 1,116 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 1957 1,035 1,113 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 1958 1,035 1,110 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 1959 1,035 1,109 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 1960 1,035 1,107 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 1961 1,035 1,108 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 1962 1,035 1,107 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 1963 1,031 1,103 1,031 1,031 1,031 1,031 1964 1,032 1,102 1,032 1,032 1,032 1,032 1965 1,032 1,101 1,032 1,032 1,032 1,032 1966 1,033 1,103 1,033 1,033 1,033 1,033 1967 1,032 1,105 1,032 1,032 1,032 1,032 1968 1,031 1,115 1,031 1,031 1,031 1,031 1969 1,031 1,103 1,031 1,031 1,031 1,031 1970 1,031 1,102 1,031 1,031 1,031 1,031 1971 1,031 1,103 1,031 1,031 1,031 1,031 1972 1,027 1,100 1,027 1,027 1,027 1,027 1973 1,021 1,093 1,020 1,024 1,021 1,026 1974 1,024 1,097 1,024 1,022 1,024 1,027 1975 1,021 1,095 1,020 1,026 1,021 1,026 1976 1,020 1,093 1,019 1,023 1,020 1,025 1977 1,021 1,093 1,019 1,029 1,021 1,026 1978 1,019 1,088 1,016 1,034 1,019 1,030 1979 1,021 1,092 1,018 1,035 1,021 1,037 1980 1,026 1,098 1,024 1,035 1,026 1,022 1981 1,027 1,103 1,025 1,035 1,027 1,014 1982 1,028 1,107 1,026 1,036 1,028 1,018 1983 1,031 1,115 1,031 1,030 1,031 1,024 1984 1,031 1,109 1,030 1,035 1,031 1,005 1985 1,032 1,112 1,031 1,038 1,032 1,002 1986 1,030 1,110 1,029 1,034 1,030 997 1987 1,031 1,112 1,031 1,032 1,031 999 1988 1,029 1,109 1,029 1,028 1,029 1,002 1989 1,031 1,107 1,031 RP1,028 1,031 1,004 1990 1,031 1,106 1,030 RP1,027 R1,029 1,012 1991 1,030 1,108 1,031 RP1,025 1,030 1,014 

1992 1,030 1,110 1,031 RP1,025 1,030 1,011 

1993 1,027 1,106 1,028 RP1,025 1,027 1,020 1994 1,028 1,105 1,029 RP1,025 1,028 1,022 

1995 1,027 1,106 1,027 RP1,021 R1,026 1,021 

1996 1,027 1,109 1,027 RP1,020 R1,026 1,022 1997 1,026 1,107 1,027 RP1,020 1,026 1,023 

1998 1,031 R1,109 1,033 RP1,024 1,031 1,023 

1999 1,027 R1,107 1,028 RP1,022 1,027 1,022 2000 R1,025 R1,107 R1,026 RP1,021 R1,025 R1,023 

2001 P1,025 P1,107 P1,026 P1,026 P1,026 P1,023 

1 The electric power sector (electric utilities and independent power producers) comprises

electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants whose primary business is to sell electricity, orelectricity and heat, to the public—i.e., NAICS 22 plants.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. — = Not applicable. Source: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation," 
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table A5. Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal Coke, 1949-2001 (Million Btu per Short Ton)

Year

Coal 

Production

Consumption

Imports Ex

End-Use Sectors

Electric

Power

Sector 2 Total

Residential

and

Commercial

Industrial

Coke Plants Other 1

1949 24.916 24.263 26.797 24.612 23.761 24.793 25.000 21950 25.090 24.461 26.798 24.820 23.937 24.989 25.020 21951 25.019 24.281 26.796 24.521 23.701 24.813 25.034 21952 25.096 24.371 26.796 24.724 23.885 24.901 25.040 21953 25.147 24.383 26.796 24.785 23.964 25.006 25.048 21954 25.054 24.362 26.795 24.788 23.996 24.913 25.012 21955 25.201 24.373 26.794 24.821 24.056 24.982 25.000 21956 25.117 24.195 26.792 24.664 23.943 24.843 25.000 21957 25.213 24.238 26.792 24.707 23.980 24.905 25.001 21958 24.983 24.287 26.794 24.606 23.897 24.716 25.005 21959 24.910 24.224 26.790 24.609 23.924 24.719 25.003 21960 24.906 24.226 26.791 24.609 23.927 24.713 25.003 21961 24.849 24.248 26.792 24.580 23.904 24.653 25.002 21962 24.828 24.173 26.788 24.562 23.911 24.627 25.013 21963 24.831 24.033 26.784 24.509 23.897 24.588 25.007 21964 24.840 24.037 26.785 24.477 23.864 24.602 25.000 21965 24.775 24.028 26.787 24.385 23.780 24.537 25.000 21966 24.629 23.915 26.786 24.226 23.648 24.396 25.000 21967 24.475 23.685 26.781 24.040 23.506 24.243 25.000 21968 24.445 23.621 26.780 24.014 23.486 24.186 25.000 21969 24.280 23.474 26.779 23.724 23.240 23.976 25.000 21970 23.842 23.203 26.784 22.983 22.573 23.440 25.000 21971 23.507 23.090 26.784 22.670 22.301 23.124 25.000 21972 23.389 22.998 26.782 22.550 22.204 23.036 25.000 21973 23.376 22.831 26.780 22.586 22.246 23.057 25.000 21974 23.072 22.479 26.778 22.419 21.781 22.677 25.000 21975 22.897 22.261 26.782 22.436 21.642 22.506 25.000 21976 22.855 22.774 26.781 22.530 21.679 22.498 25.000 21977 22.597 22.919 26.787 22.322 21.508 22.265 25.000 21978 22.248 22.466 26.789 22.207 21.275 22.017 25.000 21979 22.454 22.242 26.788 22.452 21.364 22.100 25.000 21980 22.415 22.543 26.790 22.690 21.295 21.947 25.000 21981 22.308 22.474 26.794 22.585 21.085 21.713 25.000 21982 22.239 22.695 26.797 22.712 21.194 21.674 25.000 21983 22.052 22.775 26.798 22.691 21.133 21.576 25.000 21984 22.010 22.844 26.799 22.543 21.101 21.573 25.000 21985 21.870 22.646 26.798 22.020 20.959 21.366 25.000 21986 21.913 22.947 26.798 22.198 21.084 21.462 25.000 21987 21.922 23.404 26.799 22.381 21.136 21.517 25.000 21988 21.823 23.571 26.799 22.360 20.900 21.328 25.000 21989 21.765 23.650 26.800 22.347 RP20.873 R21.286 25.000 21990 21.822 23.137 26.799 22.457 RP20.800 R21.216 25.000 21991 21.681 23.114 26.799 22.460 RP20.730 R21.120 25.000 2

1992 21.682 23.105 26.799 22.250 RP20.709 R21.068 25.000 2

1993 21.418 22.994 26.800 22.123 RP20.677 R21.010 25.000 21994 21.394 23.112 26.800 22.068 RP20.589 R20.929 25.000 2

1995 21.326 23.118 26.800 21.950 RP20.543 R20.880 25.000 2

1996 21.322 23.011 26.800 22.105 RP20.547 R20.870 25.000 21997 21.296 22.494 26.800 22.172 RP20.518 R20.830 25.000 2

1998 21.418 21.620 27.426 23.164 RP20.516 R20.881 25.000 2

1999 21.070 23.880 27.426 22.489 RP20.490 R20.818 25.000 22000 21.072 R25.020 27.426 R22.433 RP20.511 R20.828 25.000 2

2001 P20.905 P25.000 P27.426 P22.433 P20.366 P20.681 25.000 P2

1 Includes transportation. 2 The electric power sector (electric utilities and independent power producers) comprises

electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants whose primary business is to sell electricity, orelectricity and heat, to the public—i.e., NAICS 22 plants.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Coal, Nucle

"Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation," which follows T
338 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Table A6. Approximate Heat Rates for Electricity, 1949-2001 (Btu per Kilowatthour)

Year

Electricity Net Generation

Fossil-Fueled

Steam-Electric Plants 1

Nuclear

Steam-Electric Plants

Geothermal Energy

Plants 2

1949 15,033 — — 1950 14,030 — — 1951 13,641 — — 1952 13,361 — — 1953 12,889 — — 1954 12,180 — — 1955 11,699 — — 1956 11,456 — — 1957 11,365 11,629 — 1958 11,085 11,629 — 1959 10,970 11,629 — 1960 10,760 11,629 23,200 1961 10,650 11,629 23,200 1962 10,558 11,629 23,200 1963 10,482 11,877 22,182 1964 10,462 11,912 22,182 1965 10,453 11,804 22,182 1966 10,415 11,623 22,182 1967 10,432 11,555 21,770 1968 10,398 11,297 21,606 1969 10,447 11,037 21,606 1970 10,494 10,977 21,606 1971 10,478 10,837 21,655 1972 10,379 10,792 21,668 1973 10,389 10,903 21,674 1974 10,442 11,161 21,674 1975 10,406 11,013 21,611 1976 10,373 11,047 21,611 1977 10,435 10,769 21,611 1978 10,361 10,941 21,611 1979 10,353 10,879 21,545 1980 10,388 10,908 21,639 1981 10,453 11,030 21,639 1982 10,454 11,073 21,629 1983 10,520 10,905 21,290 1984 10,440 10,843 21,303 1985 10,447 R10,622 21,263 

1986 10,446 R10,579 21,263 

1987 10,419 R10,442 21,263 1988 10,324 R10,602 21,096 

1989 10,432 R10,583 21,096 

1990 10,402 R10,582 21,096 1991 10,436 R10,484 20,997 

1992 10,342 R10,471 20,914 

1993 10,309 R10,504 20,914 1994 10,316 R10,452 20,914 

1995 10,312 R10,507 20,914 

1996 10,340 R10,503 20,960 1997 R10,213 R10,494 20,960 

1998 R10,197 R10,491 21,017 

1999 R10,226 R10,450 21,017 2000 R10,201 R10,429 21,017 

2001P 10,201 10,442 21,017 

1 Used as the thermal conversion factor for hydroelectric, solar, and wind electricity net generation. 2 Used as the thermal conversion factor for geothermal electricity net generation. R=Revised data. P=Preliminary data. — = Not applicable. Source: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation,
Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation

Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum

and Natural Gas Plant Liquids

Asphalt. The Energy Information Administration (EIA) adopted the thermal conversion factor of 6.636 million British thermal units (Btu) per barrel as estimated by the Bureau of Mines and first published in the

Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1956.Aviation Gasoline. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.048million Btu per barrel as adopted by the Bureau of Mines from the TexasEastern Transmission Corporation publication Competition and Growth inAmerican Energy Markets 1947-1985, a 1968 release of historical and projected statistics.Butane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of4.326 million Btu per barrel as published in the California Oil World andPetroleum Industry, First Issue, April 1942.Butane-Propane Mixture. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines calculationof 4.130 million Btu per barrel based on an assumed mixture of 60 percentbutane and 40 percent propane. See Butane and Propane.Crude Oil, Exports. Assumed by EIA to be 5.800 million Btu per barrelor equal to the thermal conversion factor for crude oil produced in theUnited States. See Crude Oil and Lease Condensate, Production.

Crude Oil, Imports. Calculated annually by EIA by weighting the thermal conversion factor of each type of crude oil imported by the quantity imported. Thermal conversion factors for each type were calculated on a

foreign country basis, by determining the average American Petroleum Institute (API) gravity of crude imported from each foreign country fromForm ERA-60 in 1977 and converting average API gravity to average Btucontent by using National Bureau of Standards, Miscellaneous PublicationNo. 97, Thermal Properties of Petroleum Products, 1933.Crude Oil and Lease Condensate, Production. EIA adopted the thermalconversion factor of 5.800 million Btu per barrel as reported in a Bureau of

Mines internal memorandum, “Bureau of MineValues of Various Fuels, Adopted January 3, 19Crude Oil and Petroleum Products, ExportEIA as the average of the thermal conversion product exported and crude oil exported weighpetroleum product and crude oil exported. Se

Exports Petroleum Products.Crude Oil and Petroleum Products, ImporEIA as the average of the thermal conversion product and each crude oil imported weighted bleum product and each type of crude oil impoports and Petroleum Products, Imports.

Distillate Fuel Oil. EIA adopted the Bureau o

factor of 5.825 million Btu per barrel as reportternal memorandum, “Bureau of Mines Standaof Various Fuels, Adopted January 3, 1950.”Ethane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines th3.082 million Btu per barrel as published in thPetroleum Industry, First Issue, April 1942.Ethane-Propane Mixture. EIA calculation of 

rel based on an assumed mixture of 70 percent pane. See Ethane and Propane.

Isobutane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines t3.974 million Btu per barrel as published in thPetroleum Industry, First Issue, April 1942.Jet Fuel, Kerosene Type. EIA adopted the Buversion factor of 5.670 million Btu per barrel as published by the Texas Eastern TransmissioCompetition and Growth in American Energy release of historical and projected statistics.

Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 
Jet Fuel, Naphtha Type. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 5.355 million Btu per barrel for “Jet Fuel, Military” as

published by the Texas Eastern Transmission Corporation in the reportCompetition and Growth in American Energy Markets 1947-1985, a 1968release of historical and projected statistics.Kerosene. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of5.670 million Btu per barrel as reported in a Bureau of Mines internal memorandum, “Bureau of Mines Standard Average Heating Values of VariousFuels, Adopted January 3, 1950.”Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG) Consumption. Ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, normal butane, butylene, and isobutane produced at refineries or natural gas processing plants, including plants that fractionate new

natural gas plants liquids.Lubricants. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 6.065 millionBtu per barrel as estimated by the Bureau of Mines and first published inthe Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1956.Miscellaneous Products. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of5.796 million Btu per barrel as estimated by the Bureau of Mines and firstpublished in the Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1956.

Motor Gasoline. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversionfactor of 5.253 million Btu per barrel for “Gasoline, Motor Fuel” as published by the Texas Eastern Transmission Corporation in the report Competition and Growth in American Energy Markets 1947-1985, a 1968 release

of historical and projected statistics. Conversion factors for reformulatedand oxygenated motor gasolines are calculated by EIA based on data published in the Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Mobile Sources,National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory report EPA 420-F-95-003Fuel Economy Impact Analysis of Reformulated Gasoline. Both of the factors are currently 5.150 million Btu per barrel.

Natural Gas Plant Liquids, Production. Calculated annually by EIA asthe average of the thermal conversion factors of each natural gas plant liquid produced, weighted by the quantity of each natural gas plant liquidproduced.

Natural Gasoline. EIA adopted the thermal million Btu per barrel as estimated by the Burlished in the Petroleum Statement, Annual, 195Pentanes Plus. EIA assumed the thermal conmillion Btu or equal to that for natural gasoline

Petrochemical Feedstocks, Naphtha less thato be 5.248 million Btu per barrel, equal to thfor special naphthas. See Special Naphthas.Petrochemical Feedstocks, Other Oils equal 

Assumed by EIA to be 5.825 million Btu per conversion factor for distillate fuel oil. See Dis

Petrochemical Feedstocks, Still Gas. Assumlion Btu per barrel, equal to the thermal converStill Gas.Petroleum Coke. EIA adopted the thermal conlion Btu per barrel as reported in Btu per short internal memorandum, “Bureau of Mines Standof Various Fuels, Adopted January 3, 1950.” Tlated this factor by dividing 30.120 million Btthe referenced Bureau of Mines internal memoshort ton, as given in the Bureau of Mines ForEIA forms.Petroleum Products, Total Consumption. Cathe average of the thermal conversion factors consumed, weighted by the quantity of each petPetroleum Products, Consumption by Electrnually by EIA as the average of the thermal conleum products consumed at electric utilities, weach petroleum product consumed at electric utroleum products consumed is estimated in the as documented in EIA’s State Energy Data RepoPetroleum Products, Consumption by Indusnually by EIA as the average of the thermal 

340 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001
petroleum products consumed in the industrial sector, weighted by the estimated quantity of each petroleum product consumed in the industrial sector. The quantity of petroleum products consumed is estimated in the State

Energy Data System as documented in EIA’s State Energy Data Report.

Petroleum Products, Consumption by Residential and CommercialUsers. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factors for all petroleum products consumed by the residential andcommercial sector, weighted by the estimated quantity of each petroleumproduct consumed in the residential and commercial sector. The quantityof petroleum products consumed is estimated in the State Energy Data System as documented in EIA’s State Energy Data Report.

Petroleum Products, Consumption by Transportation Users. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factors for

all petroleum products consumed in the transportation sector, weighted bythe estimated quantity of each petroleum product consumed in the transportation sector. The quantity of petroleum products consumed is estimated inthe State Energy Data System as documented in EIA’s State Energy DataReport.Petroleum Products, Exports. Calculated annually by EIA as the averageof the thermal conversion factors for each petroleum product, weighted bythe quantity of each petroleum product exported.Petroleum Products, Imports. Calculated annually by EIA as the averageof the thermal conversion factors for each petroleum product imported,weighted by the quantity of each petroleum product imported.Plant Condensate. Estimated to be 5.418 million Btu per barrel by EIAfrom data provided by McClanahan Consultants, Inc., Houston, Texas.Propane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of3.836 million Btu per barrel as published in the California Oil World andPetroleum Industry, First Issue, April 1942.Residual Fuel Oil. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 6.287million Btu per barrel as reported in the Bureau of Mines internal memorandum, “Bureau of Mines Standard Average Heating Values of Various Fuels,Adopted January 3, 1950.”

Road Oil. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines t6.636 million Btu per barrel, which was assumphalt (see Asphalt) and was first published by 

Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1970.Special Naphthas. EIA adopted the Bureau ofactor of 5.248 million Btu per barrel, which wthat of the total gasoline (aviation and motor

lished in the Petroleum Statement, Annual, 197

Still Gas. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines esfactor of 6.000 million Btu per barrel, first pStatement, Annual, 1970Unfinished Oils. EIA assumed the thermal comillion Btu per barrel or equal to that for distillOil) and first published it in EIA’s Annual Rep1977.Unfractionated Stream. EIA assumed the ther5.418 million Btu per barrel or equal to that Plant Condensate) and first published it in Egress, Volume 2, 1981.Waxes. EIA adopted the thermal conversion per barrel as estimated by the Bureau of Mines 

troleum Statement, Annual, 1956.

Approximate Heat Content o

Natural Gas, Total Consumption. • 1949-1

mal conversion factor of 1,035 Btu per cubic freau of Mines and first published in the Pet1956. • 1963-1979: EIA adopted the thermal cannually by the American Gas Association (AFacts, an AGA annual publication. • 1980 foby EIA by dividing the total heat content of natutal quantity of natural gas consumed.Natural Gas, Consumption by Electric UtilitEIA by dividing the total heat content of natu

Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 
utilities by the total quantity received at electric utilities. The heat contents and receipts are from Form FERC-423 and predecessor forms.

Natural Gas, Consumption by Sectors Other Than Electric Utilities.Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat content of all natural gasconsumed less the heat content of natural gas consumed at electric utilitiesby the quantity of all natural gas consumed less the quantity of natural gasconsumed at electric utilities. Data are from Forms EIA-176, FERC-423,EIA-759, and predecessor forms.Natural Gas, Exports. • 1949-1972: Assumed by EIA to be equal to thethermal conversion factor for the consumption of dry natural gas. (See Natural Gas, Total Consumption). • 1973 forward: Calculated annually byEIA by dividing the heat content of exported natural gas by the quantity ofnatural gas exported, both reported on Form FPC-14.Natural Gas Imports. • 1949-1972: Assumed by EIA to be equal to thethermal conversion factor for the consumption of dry natural gas. See Natural Gas, Total Consumption. • 1973 forward: Calculated annually byEIA by dividing the heat content of imported natural gas by the quantity ofnatural gas imported, both reported on Form FPC-14.Natural Gas, Production (Dry). Assumed by EIA to be equal to the thermal conversion factor for the consumption of dry natural gas. See NaturalGas, Total Consumption.Natural Gas, Production, Marketed (Wet). Calculated annually by EIAby adding the heat content of natural gas, dry production, and the total heatcontent of natural gas plant liquids production and dividing this sum by thetotal quantity of marketed (wet) natural gas production.

Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal Coke

Coal, Total Consumption. Calculated annually by EIA by dividing thesum of the heat content of coal consumption by the total tonnage.Coal, Consumption by Electric Utilities. Calculated annually by EIA bydividing the sum of the heat content of coal received at electric utilities bythe sum of the total tonnage received.

Coal, Consumption by Other Power Producedividing the total heat content of coal consumeby their total consumption tonnage.Coal, Consumption by the Electric Power Sby dividing the total heat content of coal by tothe electric power sector.Coal, Consumption by End-Use Sectors. Cadividing the sum of the heat content of coal cotors by the sum of the total tonnage.Coal, Exports. Calculated annually by EIA heat content of coal exported by the sum of the Coal, Imports. Calculated annually by EIA heat content of coal imported by the sum of the Coal, Production. Calculated annually by EIA total heat content of coal produced by the sum oCoal Coke, Imports and Exports. EIA adoptemate of 24.800 million Btu per short ton.

Approximate Heat Rates fo

Fossil-Fueled Steam-Electric Plant Generatio

cepted practice for measuring the thermal convethat generate electricity from hydroelectric, wootaic, or solar thermal energy sources. ThereforEIA-767, “Steam-Electric Plant Operation and a rate factor that is equal to the prevailing annuafossil-fueled steam-electric power plants in the Ufactor, it is possible to evaluate fossil fuel requsources during periods of interruption, such as of a kilowatthour of electricity produced, regarcess, is 3,412 Btu. • 1949-1955: The weighted fossil-fueled steam-electric power plants in the by EIA in Thermal-Electric Plant Construction Expenses-1981 and Steam-Electric Plant Constr

duction Expenses-1978. • 1956-1988: The we

342 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001
rate for fossil-fueled steam-electric power plants in the United States, as

published in EIA, Electric Plant Cost and Power Production Expenses1991, Table 9. • 1989 forward: Calculated annually by EIA by using theheat rate reported on Form EIA-860, “Annual Electric Generator Report”(and predecessor forms EIA-860A, EIA-860B, and EIA-867), and the generation on Form EIA-906, “Power Plant Report” (and predecessor forms).”Geothermal Energy Plant Generation. • 1960-1981: Calculated annually by EIA by weighting the annual average heat rates of operating geothermal units by the installed nameplate capacities as reported on Form

FPC-12, “Power System Statement.” • 1982 forward: Estimated annuallyby EIA on the basis of an informal survey of relevant plants.

Nuclear Steam-Electric Plant Generation. • nually by dividing the total heat content consunits by the total (net) electricity generated bThe heat content and electricity generatioFERC-1, “Annual Report of Major Electric Uers”; Form EIA-412, “Annual Report of Public decessor forms. The factors for 1982 through following EIA reports-1982: Historical Plant CExpenses for Selected Electric Plants 1982, pElectric Plant Cost and Power Production Expforward: Calculated annually by EIA by usinForm EIA-860, “Annual Electric Generator Repported on Form EIA-906, “Power Plant Report” 

Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Appendix B

Metric and Other Physical Conversion Factors

Data presented in the Annual Energy Review and in other Energy Information Administration publications are expressed predominately in

units that historically have been used in the United States, such as British thermal units, barrels, cubic feet, and short tons. However, because U.S. commerce involves other nations, most of which use metricunits of measure, the U.S. Government is committed to the transitionto the metric system, as stated in the Metric Conversion Act of 1975(Public Law 94-168), amended by the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988 (Public Law 100-418), and Executive Order 12770 ofJuly 25, 1991.The metric conversion factors presented in Table B1 can be used to calculatethe metric-unit equivalents of values expressed in U.S. customary units. For

example, 500 short tons is the equivalent of 4tons x 0.9071847 metric tons/short ton = 453.6 In the metric system of weights and measures, subdivisions of any unit may be derived by comwith prefixes, such as deka, hecto, and kilo, 100, 1,000, and deci, centi, and milli, meaninone-hundredth, and one-thousandth. Commfound in Table B2.The conversion factors presented in Table Bequivalents in various physical units commonFor example, 10 barrels is the equivalent of 4242 gallons/barrel = 420 gallons).

Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 
346 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

U.S. Unit multiplied by Conversion Factor equals Metric Unit U.S. Unit multiplied by Conversion Factor equa

Mass Volume

short tons (2,000 lb) x 0.907 184 7 = metric tons (t) barrels of oil (bbl) x 0.158 987 3 = long tons x 1.016 047 = metric tons (t) cubic yards (yd3

) x 0.764 555 = 

pounds (lb) x 0.453 592 37a = kilograms (kg) cubic feet (ft3

) x 0.028 316 85 = 

pounds uranium oxide x 0.384 647b = kilograms U.S. gallons (gal) x 3.785 412 = 

(lb U3O8 ) uranium (kgU) ounces, fluid (fl oz) x 29.573 53 = 

ounces, avoirdupois x 28.349 52 = grams (g) cubic inches (in3

) x 16.387 06 = 

(avdp oz)

Length Area

miles (mi) x 1.609 344a = kilometers (km) acres x 0.404 69 = yards (yd) x 0.914 4a = meters (m) square miles (mi2

) x 2.589 988 = 

feet (ft) x 0.304 8a = meters (m) square yards (yd2

) x 0.836 127 4 = 

inches (in) x 2.54a = centimeters (cm) square feet (ft2

) x 0.092 903 04a = 

square inches (in2

) x 6.451 6a = 

Energy

British Thermal Units (Btu) x 1,055.055 852 62a,c = joules (J) Temperaturecalories (cal) x 4.186 8a = joules (J) degrees x 5/9 (after = kilowatthours (kWh) x 3.6a = megajoules (MJ) Fahrenheit (oF) subtracting 32)a,d 

Table B1. Metric Conversion Factors

aExact conversion.bCalculated by the Energy Information Administration.cThe Btu used in this table is the International Table Btu adopted by the Fifth International Conference

on Properties of Steam, London, 1956. dTo convert degrees Celsius ( oC) to degrees Fahrenheit ( oF) exactly, multiply by 9/5, then add 32.

Notes: • Spaces have been inserted after every third digit to the right of the decimal for ease of reading. • Most metric units shown belong to the International System of Units (SI), and the liter, hectare, and

metric ton are accepted for use with the SI units. For more inforBarry Taylor at Building 221, Room B610, National Institute of StanMD 20899, or on telephone number 301–975–4220.

Sources: General Services Administration, Federal Standard 

eral Use by the Federal Government (Washington, DC, January 27Institute of Standards and Technology, Special Publications 330, 8

dards Institute/Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, ANS
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Energy Source Original Unit multiplied by Convers

Factor 

Petroleum barrels (bbl) x 42a Coal short tons x 2,000a 

long tons x 2,240a metric tons (t) x 1,000a 

Wood cords (cd) x 1.25

cords (cd) x 128a 

Table B3. Other Physical Conversion Fac

aExact conversion.bCalculated by the Energy Information Administration.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of S

tions, Tolerances and Other Technical Requirements for Weighing book 44, 1994 Edition (Washington, DC, October 1993), pp. B-1

Unit

Multiple Prefix Symbol Unit Multiple Prefix Symbol

101 deka da . 10-1 deci d

102 hecto h . 10-2 centi c103 kilo k . 10-3 milli m106 mega M . 10-6 micro

109 giga G . 10-9 nano n

1012 tera T . 10-12 pico p1015 peta P . 10-15 femto f1018 exa E . 10-18 atto a1021 zetta Z . 10-21 zepto z1024 yotta Y . 10-24 yocto y

Table B2. Metric Prefixes

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, The International System of Units (SI), NIST Special Publication 330, 1991 Edition (Washington, DC, August 1991), p.

10.

Appendix C

Carbon Dioxide Emission Factors for Coal

Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Year

Residential and

Commercial

Industrial

Electricity Generation 

Coke Plantsa Other Coal

1980 210.6 205.8 205.9 206.7 1981 212.0 205.8 205.9 206.9 1982 210.4 205.7 206.0 207.0 1983 209.2 205.5 205.9 207.1 1984 209.5 205.6 206.2 207.1 1985 209.3 205.6 206.4 207.3 1986 209.2 205.4 206.5 207.3 1987 209.4 205.2 206.4 207.3 1988 209.1 205.3 206.4 207.6 1989 209.7 205.3 206.6 207.5 1990 212.0 206.6 208.7 209.7 1991 212.6 206.6 209.3 209.9 1992 213.5 206.5 209.1 210.1 1993 211.7 206.4 208.3 209.1 1994 211.1 206.7 208.4 209.2 1995 211.4 206.7 208.6 209.5 1996 210.7 206.6 208.2 209.5 1997 209.6 206.9 208.2 209.4 1998 210.9 207.1 208.5 209.6 1999 210.3 206.9 208.6 209.9 2000 210.5 207.2 208.1 210.0 Table C1. Average Carbon Dioxide Emission Factors for Coal by Sector, 1980-2000

(Pounds of Carbon Dioxide per Million Btu)

aNo allowances have been made for carbon retained in non-energy coal chemical byproducts from the

carbonization process.

bWeighted average. The weights used are consumption values by sector.

Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Coal, N

Table C1 presents U.S. average carbon dioxide emission factors for coal bysector. The factors measure the emissions produced during the combustionof coal and were derived from coal sample analyses. The factors are ratiosof the carbon dioxide emitted to the heat content of the coal burned,

assuming complete combustion. Factors vary geographic origin of the coal. Sectoral factors 

of the coal consumed annually in the sector.

Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Appendix D

U.S. Census Regions and Divisions

Note: Map not to scale.

Source: Adapted from U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Statistical

Abstract of the United States, 2001 (Washington, DC, November 2001).

Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Table E1. Population and U.S. Gross Domestic Product, 1949-2001

Year

Population U.S. Gross Domestic Product

United States 1 World

Billion

Nominal Dollars

Billion

Chained (1996) Dollars

Million People 

1949 148.7 NA 267.7 1,550.9 1950 151.3 2,555.1 294.3 1,686.6 1951 154.0 2,592.9 339.5 1,815.1 1952 156.4 2,634.9 358.6 1,887.3 1953 159.0 2,680.3 379.9 1,973.9 1954 161.9 2,728.2 381.1 1,960.5 1955 165.1 2,779.7 415.2 2,099.5 1956 168.1 2,832.6 438.0 2,141.1 1957 171.2 2,888.4 461.5 2,183.9 1958 174.1 2,944.9 467.9 2,162.8 1959 177.1 2,997.3 507.4 2,319.0 1960 179.3 3,039.3 527.4 2,376.7 1961 183.0 3,080.1 545.7 2,432.0 1962 185.7 3,136.2 586.5 2,578.9 1963 188.4 3,205.7 618.7 2,690.4 1964 191.1 3,276.8 664.4 2,846.5 1965 193.5 3,345.8 720.1 3,028.5 1966 195.5 3,416.1 789.3 3,227.5 1967 197.4 3,485.8 834.1 3,308.3 1968 199.3 3,557.7 911.5 3,466.1 1969 201.3 3,632.3 985.3 3,571.4 1970 203.3 3,707.6 1,039.7 3,578.0 1971 206.8 3,785.2 1,128.6 3,697.7 1972 209.3 3,862.2 1,240.4 3,898.4 1973 211.4 3,938.7 1,385.5 4,123.4 1974 213.3 4,014.6 1,501.0 4,099.0 1975 215.5 4,088.2 1,635.2 4,084.4 1976 217.6 4,160.4 1,823.9 4,311.7 1977 219.8 4,232.9 2,031.4 4,511.8 1978 222.1 4,305.4 2,295.9 4,760.6 1979 224.6 4,380.8 2,566.4 4,912.1 1980 226.5 4,456.7 2,795.6 4,900.9 1981 229.5 4,533.0 3,131.3 5,021.0 1982 231.7 4,613.4 3,259.2 4,919.3 1983 233.8 4,693.9 3,534.9 5,132.3 1984 235.8 4,773.6 3,932.7 5,505.2 1985 237.9 4,854.6 4,213.0 5,717.1 1986 240.1 4,937.6 4,452.9 5,912.4 1987 242.3 5,023.6 4,742.5 6,113.3 1988 244.5 5,110.2 5,108.3 6,368.4 1989 246.8 5,196.3 5,489.1 6,591.8 1990 R248.8 5,283.8 5,803.2 6,707.9 1991 R253.0 5,366.9 5,986.2 6,676.4 

1992 R256.5 5,449.7 6,318.9 6,880.0 

1993 R259.9 5,531.0 6,642.3 7,062.6 1994 R263.1 5,611.0 7,054.3 7,347.7 

1995 R266.3 5,690.9 7,400.5 7,543.8 

1996 R269.4 5,768.6 7,813.2 7,813.2 1997 R272.6 5,846.8 8,318.4 8,159.5 

1998 R275.9 5,924.6 R8,781.5 R8,508.9 

1999 R279.0 6,002.5 R9,268.6 R8,856.5 2000 281.4 6,080.1 R9,872.9 R9,224.0 

2001 284.8 6,157.4 10,208.1 9,333.8 

1 Resident population of the 50 States and the District of Columbia estimated for July 1 of each year,

except for the April 1 decennial census counts. 2 See Glossary.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. 

Note: See "Chained Dollars" in the Glossary. Web Pages: http://www.census.gov/. http://www.bea.doc.gov

Sources: See next page. 

Appendix E
Appendix E

Sources: U.S. Population: • 1949-1989–Department of Commerce(DOC), U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports SeriesP-25, November 1998. • 1990 forward–DOC, U.S. Bureau of the Census,State Population Estimates. World Population: • 1950 forward–DOC,

U.S. Bureau of the Census, International Database. U.S. Gross DomesticProduct: • 1949 forward–DOC, Bureau of Economic Analysis, NationalIncome and Product Accounts.

354 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Appendix F

Table F1a. Energy Consumption in the United States, Selected Years, 1635-1945 (Quadrillion Btu)

Year Coal Natural Gas Petroleum Nuclear Electric Power Hydroelectric Power 

1635 NA — — — — 1645 NA — — — — 1655 NA — — — — 1665 NA — — — — 1675 NA — — — — 1685 NA — — — — 1695 NA — — — — 1705 NA — — — — 1715 NA — — — — 1725 NA — — — — 1735 NA — — — — 1745 NA — — — — 1755 NA — — — — 1765 NA — — — — 1775 NA — — — — 1785 NA — — — — 1795 NA — — — — 1805 NA — — — — 1815 NA — — — — 1825 NA — — — — 1835 NA — — — — 1845 NA — — — — 1850 0.219 — — — — 1855 0.421 — — — — 1860 0.518 — 0.003 — — 1865 0.632 — 0.010 — — 1870 1.048 — 0.011 — — 1875 1.440 — 0.011 — — 1880 2.054 — 0.096 — — 1885 2.840 0.082 0.040 — — 1890 4.062 0.257 0.156 — 0.022 1895 4.950 0.147 0.168 — 0.090 1900 6.841 0.252 0.229 — 0.250 1905 10.001 0.372 0.610 — 0.386 1910 12.714 0.540 1.007 — 0.539 1915 13.294 0.673 1.418 — 0.691 1920 15.504 0.813 2.676 — 0.775 1925 14.706 1.191 4.280 — 0.701 1930 13.639 1.932 5.897 — 0.785 1935 10.634 1.919 5.675 — 0.831 1940 12.535 2.665 7.760 — 0.917 1945 15.972 3.871 10.110 — 1.486 

NA=Not available. — = Not applicable. (s)=Less than 0.0005 quadrillion Btu. Notes: No data are available for years not shown. See end of section for discussion of geographic

coverage of data.

Sources: Coal, Natural Gas, Petroleum, and Hydroelectric Power: 1850-1945: Energy in the

American Economy, 1850-1975, Table VII. Wood: 1635-1845: U.S. Department of Agriculture Circular

No. 641, Fuel Wood Used in the United States 1630-1930, February 1942. This source estimates fuelwood

consumption in cords per decade, which were converted to Btu using the conversion factor of 20 million Btu

per cord. The annual average value for each decade was assigned 

assumption that annual use was likely to increase during any given dwas more likely to reflect mid-decade yearly consumption than use decade. Values thus begin at 1635 and are plotted at 10-year inteAmerican Economy, 1850-1975, Table VII. Values are plotted at 5-yin the wood plot between 1945 and 1949 due to changes in definitionsonly, while thereafter include wood-derived fuel and wood byproducts 
356 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Table F1b. Energy Consumption in the United States, 1949-2001 (Quadrillion Btu)

Year Coal Natural Gas 1 Petroleum 2 Nuclear Electric Power Hydroelectric Power 3 

1949 11.981 5.145 11.883 0 1.449 1950 12.347 5.968 13.315 0 1.440 1951 12.553 7.049 14.428 0 1.454 1952 11.306 7.550 14.956 0 1.496 1953 11.373 7.907 15.556 0 1.439 1954 9.715 8.330 15.839 0 1.388 1955 11.167 8.998 17.255 0 1.407 1956 11.350 9.614 17.937 0 1.487 1957 10.821 10.191 17.932 (s) 1.557 1958 9.533 10.663 18.527 0.002 1.629 1959 9.518 11.717 19.323 0.002 1.587 1960 9.838 12.385 19.919 0.006 1.657 1961 9.623 12.926 20.216 0.020 1.680 1962 9.906 13.731 21.049 0.026 1.822 1963 10.413 14.403 21.701 0.038 1.772 1964 10.964 15.288 22.301 0.040 1.907 1965 11.581 15.769 23.246 0.043 2.058 1966 12.143 16.995 24.401 0.064 2.073 1967 11.914 17.945 25.284 0.088 2.344 1968 12.331 19.210 26.979 0.142 2.342 1969 12.382 20.678 28.338 0.154 2.659 1970 12.265 21.795 29.521 0.239 2.654 1971 11.598 22.469 30.561 0.413 2.861 1972 12.077 22.698 32.947 0.584 2.944 1973 12.971 22.512 34.840 0.910 3.010 1974 12.663 21.732 33.455 1.272 3.309 1975 12.663 19.948 32.731 1.900 3.219 1976 13.584 20.345 35.175 2.111 3.066 1977 13.922 19.931 37.122 2.702 2.515 1978 13.766 20.000 37.965 3.024 3.141 1979 15.040 20.666 37.123 2.776 3.141 1980 15.423 20.394 34.202 2.739 3.118 1981 15.908 19.928 31.931 3.008 3.105 1982 15.322 18.505 30.232 3.131 3.572 1983 15.894 17.357 30.054 3.203 3.899 1984 17.071 18.507 31.051 3.553 3.800 1985 17.478 17.834 30.922 R4.076 3.398 

1986 17.260 16.708 32.196 R4.380 3.446 

1987 18.008 17.744 32.865 R4.754 3.117 1988 18.846 18.552 34.222 R5.587 2.662 

1989 R19.051 R19.712 34.211 R5.602 R2.987 

1990 R19.156 R19.718 33.553 R6.104 R3.091 1991 R18.992 R20.149 32.845 R6.422 R3.092 

1992 R19.122 R20.835 33.527 R6.479 2.775 

1993 R19.835 R21.351 33.841 R6.410 3.077 1994 R19.909 R21.842 34.670 R6.694 2.958 

1995 R20.089 R22.784 34.553 R7.075 R3.452 

1996 R21.002 R23.196 35.757 R7.087 R3.857 1997 R21.445 R23.327 36.266 R6.597 R3.839 

1998 R21.656 R22.934 36.934 R7.068 R3.472 

1999 R21.623 R23.008 37.960 R7.610 R3.410 2000 R22.580 R24.042 R38.404 R7.862 R3.020 

2001P 21.928 23.224 38.232 8.028 2.286 

1 Includes supplemental gaseous fuels. 2 Petroleum products supplied, including natural gas plant liquids and crude oil burned as fuel. 3 Conventional hydroelectric power and hydroelectric pumped storage (pumped storage facility

production minus energy used for pumping). Through 1988, includes all electricity net imports. From 1989,

includes only electricity net imports derived from hydroelectric power.

P=Preliminary. R=Revised data. (s)=Less than 0.0005 quadrillion Sources: Wood: Table 10.1. All Other Data: Table 1.3.
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Geographic Coverage NoteTables F1a and F1b present estimates of U.S. energy consumption by energy source for a period that begins a century and a half before the original13 colonies formed a political union and continues through the decades during which the United States was still expanding territorially. The questionthus arises, what exactly is meant by “U.S. consumption” of an energysource for those years when the United States did not formally exist or consisted of less territory than is now encompassed by the 50 States and theDistrict of Columbia?The documents used to assemble the estimates, and (as far as possible) thesources of those documents, were reviewed carefully for clues to geographic coverage. For most energy sources, the extent of coverage expanded more rapidly than the Nation, defined as all the official States andthe District of Columbia. Estimates or measurements of consumption ofeach energy source generally appear to follow settlement patterns. That is,they were made for areas of the continent that were settled enough to haveeconomically significant consumption even though those areas were not tobecome States for years. The wood data series, for example, begins in 1635and includes 12 of the original colonies (excepting Georgia), as well asMaine, Vermont, and the area that would become the District of Columbia.

By the time the series reaches 1810, the rest of included, though the last of the 48 States to achuntil 1912. Likewise, the coal data series beginsumption in areas, such as Utah and Washington 

icant coal-producing regions but had not yet No data were available on State-level historiccoal data shown in Table F1a through 1945 d

tion, i.e., production plus imports minus exportfor coal was therefore based on a tally of coavarious historical issues of Minerals Yearboo

consumed in States where it was not mined in sBy energy source, the extent of coverage can 

! Wood—All 48 contiguous States and the Di

Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1949. • Coal—1885. • Petroleum and natural gas—All 48 co

of Columbia, and Alaska by 1885; Hawaii begin

tric power—Coverage for 1890 and 1895 is uncontiguous States and the District of Columbia. 1945 is the 48 contiguous States, and the DistriHawaii beginning in 1949. • Nuclear electric States and the District of Columbia throughout.

Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Appendix G

Classification of Power Plants into Energy-Use Sector

Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing111 Agriculture production-crops112 Agriculture production, livestock and

animal specialties.

115 Agricultural services113 Forestry114 Fishing, hunting, and trappingMining2122 Metal mining2121 Coal mining211 Oil and gas extraction2123 Mining and quarrying of nonmetallic

minerals except fuels

Construction23Manufacturing311 Food and kindred products3122 Tobacco products314 Textile and mill products315 Apparel and other finished products made

from fabrics and similar materials

321 Lumber and wood products, except

furniture

337 Furniture and fixtures322 Paper and allied products (other than

322122 or 32213)

322122 Paper mills, except building paper32213 Paperboard mills

323 Printing and publishing325 Chemicals and allied products (other than

325188, 325211, 32512, or 325311)

325188 Industrial inorganic chemicals325211 Plastics materials and resins32512 Industrial organic chemicals325311 Nitrogenous fertilizers

324 Petroleum refining and related industries

(other than 32411)

32411 Petroleum refining

326 Rubber and miscellaneous plastic products316 Leather and leather products327 Stone, clay, glass, and concrete products

(other than 32731)

32731 Cement, hydraulic

331 Primary metal industries (other than 331111

or 331312)

331111 Blast furnaces and steel mills331312 Primary aluminum

332 Fabricated metal products, exceptmachinery and transportation equipment333 Industrial and commercial equipment and

components except computer equipment

335 Electronic and other electrical equipment

and components except computerequipment

336 Transportation equipment3345 Measuring, analyzing, and controlling

instruments, photographic, medical, andoptical goods, watches and clocks

339 Miscellaneous manufacturing industriesTransportation and Public Utilities482 Railroad transportation485 Local and suburban transit and interurbanhighway passenger transport484 Motor freight transportation and

warehousing

491 United States Postal Service483 Water transportation481 Transportation by air486 Pipelines, except natural gas487 Transportation services

513 Communicatio22 Electric, gas, an

2212 Natural gas 2213 Water suppl22132 Sewerage s562212 Refuse sy22131 Irrigation s

Wholesale Trade421 to 422Retail Trade441 to 454Finance, Insurance521 to 533Services721 Hotels812 Personal service514 Business servic8111 Automotive re811 Miscellaneous r512 Motion pictures713 Amusement and 622 Health services541 Legal services611 Education servi624 Social services712 Museums, art g

zoological gar

813 Membership or561 Engineering, ac

management, 

814 Private househo514199 MiscellaneoPublic Administrat92

The Energy Information Administration (EIA) classifies power plants (both electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants) inon the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), which replaced the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) sys

NAICS code of 22 are assigned to the Electric Power Sector; those with NAICS codes beginning with 11, 21, 23, 31, 32, and 33, as 22131, are assigned to the Industrial Sector; and those with all other codes are assigned to the Commercial Sector. The Form EIA-860

tor Report–Nonutility,” asked respondents to indicate the primary purpose of the facility by selecting a NAICS code from the ta

EIA-860, “Annual Electric Generator Report,” asks respondents to indicate the primary purpose of the facility by selecting from the uat: www.census.gov/epcd/naics02/naicod02.htm.

Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Appendix H

Estimating and Presenting Power Sector Fuel Use 

EIA Publications and Analyses

This appendix was prepared by an inter-office team under the direction of Mary J. Hutzler. General questions and comments about this document may be referred to Renee Miller (202)287-1718. Specific technical questions may be referred to:

Section I (Overview) and Section II (Background) – Alan Beamon (202) 586-2025Section III (Multi-Fuel Publications) – Katherine E. Seiferlein (202) 586-5695

Section IV (Electric Power) – Robert M. Schnapp (202) 287-1787Section V (Natural Gas) – Roy Kass (202) 586-4790Section VI (Coal) – Betsy K. O’Brien (202) 287-1760Section VII (Petroleum) – Alice A. Lippert (202) 586-9600Section VIII (Renewable Energy) – Louise A. Guey-Lee (202) 287-1731Section IX (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) – Perry M. Lindstrom (202) 586-0934
I. Background

The Energy Information Administration (EIA) has comprehensively reviewed and revised how it collects, estimates, and reports fuel use for facilities producing electricity. The review addressed inconsistent reporting ofthe fuels used for electric power and changes in the electric power marketplace that have been inconsistently represented in various EIA surveyforms and publications. For example:

In some cases fuel use by combined-heat-and-power (CHP)plants1 has been reported as industrial sector fuel use, while inother cases it has been reported as electric power sector fuel use.Electricity generation and fuel consumption have been categorized and reported in several different ways, such as (1) utility

only; (2) utility and independent power producers; or (3) utility,independent power producers, and CHP plants. The restructuring of the power industry is making some of these categories lessmeaningful.

The goal of EIA’s comprehensive review was to improve the quality andconsistency of its electric power data throughout all data and analysis products. Because power facilities operate in all sectors of the economy (e.g.,in commercial buildings, such as hospitals and college campuses, and industrial facilities, such as paper mills and refineries) and use many fuels, anychange to electric power data affects data series in nearly all fuel areas andcauses changes in a wide variety of EIA publications.As a result of the comprehensive review, EIA has made the followingchanges:

EIA has adjusted all presentations of data on electric power to aconsistent format and defined the electric power sector to include electricity-only and CHP plants whose primary business is

to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

EIA is providing detail within the mercial sector, and industrial sector in those sectors.EIA has changed the sources of da

nents of the electric power sector. tions will use data obtained from power generators. This change in changes in total fuel consumption oEIA has revised its historical data odata anomalies. The revisions conelectricity series as well as the fuel

This document provides detail on these chang

ing behind the changes and their effects on EThe Annual Energy Review (AER) 2001 is the 

tions to be released with the new formats. In will be releasing other annual publications, folcations. The remainder of this document is org

Section II provides an overview of Section III discusses the impacts on 

Sections IV through VIII provide sptric power, natural gas, coal, petrolsurveys and publications, respectivhave not yet been implemented in thflected in AER 2001 for these topi

Section IX provides information o

house gas emissions. These data 2001, but are based on data in it. Dsions will appear in the upcoming of Greenhouse Gases in the United 

362 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

1 Combined-heat-and-power plants (CHP) produce both electricity and useful thermal output.

EIA formerly referred to these plants as cogenerators, but has determined that CHP betterdescribes the facilities because some of the plants included in EIA’s data do not produce heatand power in a sequential fashion, and as a result do not meet the legal definition ofcogeneration specified in the Public Utilities Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA).

2 Multi-fuel publications are those that provide information 

as the Monthly Energy Review and the Annual Energy Revie
II. Overview of Key Changes

The many changes that will occur because of the fuel review generally fallinto three broad categories: (1) the categorization of electric power facilities, (2) the reporting of combined-heat-and-power plant fuel use, and (3)data series revisions resulting from revised electric power fuel use estimates. Each of these areas is discussed below.Categorization of Electric Power FacilitiesUntil the 1990s, most electric power generation and fuel use data could bemeaningfully categorized into electric utilities and nonutility power producers.3 Electric utilities were generally structured as vertically integrated4power companies that were responsible for generating, transmitting, anddistributing power to consumers within their franchised service territory.Nonutility power producers were generally independent generators—mostly combined-heat-and-power plants—that produced somepower for their own use and sold the remainder to utilities for distributionto consumers. However, in recent years, many formerly integrated utilitieshave split apart, spinning off the generating part of their business into separate companies. Independent developers have built most of the new generating capacity that has been installed in recent years. As a result, thedistinction between utility and nonutility power plants has become muchless meaningful. In fact, a large portion of the growth in nonutility generation in recent years is due to the reclassification of utility power plants asnonutility power plants.To reflect the changing industry structure, EIA is now organizing electricpower generation and fuel use data into two new categories: electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants. These categoriesseparate power plants by function; i.e., power only or power plus thermal,rather than by ownership class.Electricity-only plants represent all plants, whether owned by utilities ornonutilities that produce only electricity. CHP plants represent entities that

produce both electricity and some form of therwill have some facilities that are owned by trpendent companies.In addition, EIA is now presenting data for an ecludes electricity-only plants and CHP plants wsell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the pub

try Classification System code 22). This contrapresentations in which the electric power seccommercial CHP plants as well (Figure H1).In some tables and publications, the electric pobe broken down into electric utilities and indep

customers who have expressed an interest in tTable 8.1 of AER 2001 presents an electricity onet generation for electric utilities and indepenrately. It is the only table in AER 2001 that has 

Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

Figure H1. Electric Power Sector in AER 200

AER 2001 

3 For an example of this, see Electric Power Annual 1998, Volume II, DOE/EIA-0348(98)/2,

December 1999.

4 In this context "integrated" means that the company is involved in the three main sectors of

the electric power business-generation, transmission, and distribution.

Figure H2. Electric Utilities and Independshown separately in Electricity Overview
Reporting of CHP Facility Fuel Use

Historically, fuel consumption in CHP plants has been combined with otheruses in many EIA publications. For example, in some tables the use of natural gas in commercial and industrial CHP plants was included with othercommercial and industrial uses. Further, some of the fuel consumption(the portion associated with electricity production) at these same facilitieswas also reported under the column labeled “Nonutility Power Producers.”Based on questions received, it became clear that this categorization led toconfusion for many EIA customers.In the future, EIA will distinguish within the industrial, commercial, andelectric power sectors what portion of fuel consumption is used in CHP facilities and non-CHP facilities. For example:

In tabulations of energy use by economic sector, if a commercialor industrial facility has a CHP unit, the total fuel consumptionfor that unit will be reported under commercial or industrial, butit will be identified separately from other commercial or industrial consumption. Figure H3 provides an example for naturalgas consumption in the industrial sector. It shows the headingsin Table 6.5 of AER 2001 compared with the headings for the

same table in AER 2000.

CHP plants that report their primary business is generating and sellingpower to others will be reported in a separate column in the electric powersector, as shown in Figure H1.

In tabulations of energy use to produce electric power, the totalfuel consumption reported by CHP plants will be further separated into that which is used to produce electricity and that

which is used to produce thermal e

and d of AER 2001. Figure H4 showheat and power producers.

The separation between electricity and thermal many EIA data users have expressed interest in used to produce electricity in the United States.Data Series Revisions Resulting From ChanUse EstimatesThe revisions to electric power data affect many ically, to estimate natural gas use, EIA surveyepanies and local gas utilities to obtain datresidential, commercial, industrial, and elnonutility generators.6 However, EIA also su

their natural gas use. These data obtained diregenerally thought to be more accurate than the gas suppliers. As a result, total natural gas use gether the data from natural gas companies on dustrial, and nonutility power producer use to t

364 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure H3. Electric Power Sector in AER 2001 and AER 2000

AER 2001 AER 2000

5 For the method used to separate the fuel used at CHP plathermal energy production, see Section IV.6 Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-176, "AnnSupplemental Gas Supply and Disposition."
by electric utilities. The data collected for nonutility power producers

were included with industrial use in previous EIA natural gas publications.With the changing structure of the electricity sector, this reporting approach no longer appears reasonable. EIA has decided to follow the procedure described for electric utilities and use data obtained from its directsurveys of nonutility electric generators rather than the natural gas suppliersurveys.7 More detail on how the various fuel sectors are affected is given

in the following sections.Data changes are also occurring because of the extensive review of reported data that was undertaken in this process. Since it was decided that

data reported directly by utilities and nonutility power generators would bethe primary source of fuel consumption data for the power sector, an examination of heat rates,8 capacity factors,9 and power-to-steam ratios across 12

years of reported data was conducted. As a result, data for nonutilitypower producers for 1989 through 2000 have been revised. The data review procedure is described in Section IV under the heading “Efforts to Improve Data.” As a result of the review by expert EIA analysts, anomalousvalues have been investigated and resolved and the result is higher qualitydata at aggregated levels.Revisions resulting from changing the source of fuel consumption data fornonutilities and from EIA’s data review affect data beyond the category ofnonutilities. For example, the revised estimate of natural gas consumptionfor 2000 is 3 percent higher (.75 trillion cubic feet) in the Annual EnergyReview (AER) 2001 than in AER 2000 (Table H1 and Figure H5).On the other hand, the revised estimate of renewable energy consumptionfor 2000 is 5 percent lower in AER 2001 than in AER 2000 (Figure H6),

due largely to a downward revision in the estimate of biomass energy consumption particularly wood/wood waste at electric power plants. A

smaller revision resulted from the procedure to energy type at some solar and hydroelectric plsignment was made at the boiler level while in 

aggregate plant-level information.Estimates for petroleum and coal consumption the 2000 and 2001 AERs for the same year. Thnet generation.In addition, as a result of the recategorization of industrial natural gas consumption have been example, in AER 2000 EIA showed 9.39 trillio

dustrial facilities in 2000. In AER 2001 the co

Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

7 Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report" for

electric utilities and Forms EIA-867 and EIA-860B, "Annual Electric GeneratorReport-Nonutility" for nonutilities. Starting with 2001, data for both utilities and nonutilities arecollected on a new survey, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report."

8 Heat rates are computed by dividing the heat content of the fuel burned to generate

electricity by the resulting net kilowatthour generation.

9 Capacity factors are the ratio of the electrical energy produced by a generating unit for the

period of time considered to the electrical energy that could have been produced at continuousfull power operation during the same period.

(Billion Kilowatthours)

Year AER 2000 AER 

1998 3,618 3,61999 3,706 3,62000 3,792 3,8

(Trillion Cubic feet)

Year AER 2000 AER 

1998 21.26 22.1999 21.70 22.2000 22.71 23.

(Million Short Tons)

Year AER 2000 AER 

1998 1,038.30 1,031999 1,045.30 1,032000 1,079.70 1,08

(Million Barrels Per Day)

Year AER 2000 AER 

1998 18.92 18.1999 19.52 19.2000 19.48 19.

(Trillion Btu)

Year AER 2000 AER 

1998 6,977 6,71999 7,226 6,72000 6,823 6,4

Total Coal ConsumptionTotal Petroleum ConsumptionTotal Renewable Energy ConsumptionSources: Electricity Net Generation, Table 8.1 of AER 2000 and ATable 6.5 of AER 2000 and AER 2001 . Coal Consumption, Table 

Petroleum Consumption, Table 5.12 of AER 2000 and AER 2001. Table 10.2b of AER 2000 and AER 2001.Total Natural Gas ConsumptionTable H1. Revisions to Selected Estimates: AER 2001 and AER Electricity Net Generation: Total (All Sectors)
“other industrial” heading) for 2000 is 8.25 tril

This change is a result of the change in the operies to the industrial sector, which is explained in Because the natural gas consumption table ithechanges that have been made, Table 6.5 of A

presented here for comparison.http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/txt/ptb0605.hhttp://.www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/txt/tab0605.hTo summarize the changes, data for combinedshown separately by end-use sector in AER 20with the sector totals for AER 2000. Independcluded from the industrial sector in AER 2001 power sector. Data are based on a survey of etrast, independent power producers were incluin AER 2000 and data were based on a survey o

366 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

02468

10

1989 1991 1993 1995 

Billion Cubic Feet 

Note: AER 2000 Industrial equals “Deliveries to AER 2001 Industrial equals “Other Industrial ToFigure H7. Industrial Natural Gas Consumpt

2000

0

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,0008,0009,000

1998 1999 2000

Trillion Btu

AER 2000 AER 2001

Figure H6. Impact of Revisions to Total Renewable Energ

Consumption

05

10152025

1998 1999 2000

Trillion Cubic Feet

AER 2000 AER 2001

Figure H5. Impact of Revisions to Total Natural Gas Consumption
III. Multi-Fuel Publications

EIA’s multi-fuel publications—i.e., those that report data on numerous energy sources and provide overall energy totals—will be reformatted to incorporate the new approach described in detail in the preceding sections.The Annual Energy Review 2001 is the first of the historical multi-fuel publications to be released with the new formats. In the months ahead, EIA

will undertake the redesign of the Monthly Energy Review (MER) to makeits data and presentations conform to the new AER. In addition to theMER, the State-level consumption, price, and expenditure estimates thathave previously been released under the titles State Energy Data Reportand State Energy Price and Expenditure Report will be reformatted beginning with the 2001 update; the 2000 updates are now in final processing

and will not conform to the new AER formats. Coordinated data and presentation changes will also be incorporated into EIA’s forecast products—the Short-Term Energy Outlook (STEO) and the Annual Energy

Outlook (AEO).The Annual Energy Review 2001 (AER 2001) includes many redesigned tables (and related graphs) that were adapted to present the new electricity

data. Revised tables fall into three groupings: electricity, fuels, and totalenergy. These tables are interrelated.Table 8.3e provides data on fuel consumption for both electricity generation and useful thermal output. Data on consumption by the electric powersector on Table 8.3e correspond with data for this sector on fuel consumption tables (e.g., Table 6.5 on natural gas, Table 7.3 on coal, and Table10.2b on renewable energy consumption). See Figure H8 for natural gas.Similarly, data on commercial sector CHP plants on Table 8.3e correspondwith the commercial sector CHP columns of the fuel consumption tablesand data on industrial sector CHP plants on Table 8.3e correspond with theindustrial sector CHP columns of the fuel consumption tables.Table 8.3a provides data on consumption of combustible fuels for electricity generation. Data on the amount of fossil fuel (such as coal, residualfuel oil, and natural gas) and on the amount of renewable energy used togenerate electricity at both electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power(CHP) plants can be found on this table.

Table 8.3a data on fuel consumed for electrithose for the electric power sector on the fuel cble 6.5 for natural gas) because the electric pothat produce thermal energy as well as electricmary business is to sell electricity). In additionerate electricity that are not in the electric poweCHP plants and industrial sector CHP plants). consumption for useful thermal output at CHP pElectricity Tables. Most AER 2000 electricity mat for presentation in the AER 2001. This croship from each AER 2000 table to its closest ma

Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 
368 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

Figure H8. Consumption of Natural Gas in Electric Power Sector: AER Table 8.3e and Table 6.5

Fossil Fuel Portion of Table 8.3e for Electric Power Sector: AER 2001

Electric Power Sector Portion of Table 6.5 for AER 2001
Fuel Tables. The following AER 2001 fuel tables were reformatted from

the previous year’s report to incorporate the new electricity information:5.12a Petroleum Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors5.2b Petroleum Consumption: Industrial Sector5.12d Petroleum Consumption: Electric Power Sector5.13 Oil and Kerosene Adjusted Sales6.5 Natural Gas Consumption by Sector7.3 Coal Consumption by Sector7.5 Coal Stocks by Sector10.2a Renewable Energy Consumption: End-Use Sectors10.2b Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector,

ElectricityTrade, and Total

12.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector12.3 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sectorby Energy Source12.7 Emissions From Electricity GenerationA3 Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Product Weighted

Averages

A4 Approximate Heat Content of Natural GasA5 Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal CokeTotal Energy Tables. The following AER 2001 tables summarize all energy consumption and include format changes that are related to the newelectricity information:2.1a Energy Consumption by Sector2.1c Commercial Energy Consumption Sector2.1d Industrial Energy Consumption Sector2.1f Electric Power Sector Energy ConsumptionAER 2000 Table 2.1f is replaced in the AER 2001 with:2.2a Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation:

Total (All Sectors)

2.2b Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation:

Electric Power Sector

2.2c Consumption for Electricity Generation:

Commercial and Industrial Sectors

IV. Electric Power Surveys an

Summary of Key ChangesEIA previously presented data on electric powfuel consumption, in the following categories:

• Electric utilities,• Nonutility power producers (independen

combined-heat-and power plants),

• Electric power industry (sum of electric 

power producers).

Now EIA is presenting data for the following ne

• Electricity-only-plants• Combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants• U.S. power producers (sum of electricit

plants and equal to the prior “electric po

Data on electricity-only plants are disaggregateent power producers, as there are customers whing this distinction. Data on CHP plants are dcategory (commercial, industrial, electric poweline of business. The categorization is based odustrial Classification System code. For examof a hospital will be classified as “commerciathat reports that it is part of a paper mill will band a plant that reports that its primary businewill be classified as “electric power.”In addition, EIA has estimated and is presenting used to generate electricity and the amounthermaloutput. Furthermore, during the course EIA performed a thorough data quality review anomalies.Efforts to Improve DataEIA reviewed electric power-data from 1989 whether there were anomalies. The 1989–200from Form EIA-860B, “Annual Electric Generaits predecessor, Form EIA-867, “Annual N

Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 
Report.” The 2001 data are from Form EIA-906, “Power Plant Report.”

These forms collect data on fuel consumption, generation, and, with the exception of 1995 through 1997, useful thermal output. When anomalieswere identified in the data for the more recent years (1998–2001), EIA contacted selected respondents to resolve the inconsistencies. For the historical data it was not possible to contact respondents. In this situation EIAmade data adjustments to resolve the anomalies.EIA reviewed data for facilities with heat rates greater than 40,000 Btu perkilowatthour and less than 5,500 Btu per kilowatthour. The upper limitwas chosen to allow for the heat rates of older non-electricity boilers. Inaddition, EIA reviewed data for facilities with overall efficiency of greaterthan 100 percent and identified facilities with thermal output that were notdesignated as CHP plants. To ensure consistency, EIA compared NorthAmerican Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes, cogenerator status, fuel consumption, electric generation, and thermal output levels overtime. Moreover, EIA analysts also reviewed and evaluated aggregate-leveldata by State, NAICS code, fuel type, and generator type. For the historical data (1989–1997), EIA also:

• Estimated a value for useful thermal output for 1995 through 1997

(when useful thermal output was not included on the survey form)that produced a heat rate between 5,500 and 40,000 Btu perkilowatthour and an efficiency rate consistent with that observed inother years (see discussion below on CHP fuel use methodology).

• Corrected errors in units reported for fuel consumption.• Compared data on fuel consumption with data on electric generation

and adjusted data on fuel consumption or generation to maintain aconsistent ratio.

• Adjusted data on useful thermal output for those respondents with

heat rates outside the 5,500-to-40,000 Btu per kilowatthour rangeand an efficiency rate consistent with other years.

The review included an examination of both respondent-level data and aggregate-level data. For the 1998-2000 data, the review also included a comparison for consistency with data reported by manufacturing plants on

Form EIA-3, “Quarterly Coal Consumption—Manufacturing Plants,” sincea subset of the EIA-3 manufacturing plants generate electricity and also reported on the electric generator survey Form EIA-860B. In general, therewas good correspondence between the data submissions. In situationswhere there were inconsistencies, selected respondents were contacted toexplain the differences. The analysis revealed that in some instances there

were legitimate explanations for high percentage differences, such as a

respondent reporting data for a facility on onincluded in the other survey.For 2001, EIA determined that the monthly sunumber of facilities were not of high enough ququestion and for all of the facilities that submit 

sis, EIA substituted that facility’s 2000 data susumption, electricity generation, and usefuestimates for AER 2001. EIA is in the procesthese submissions for release at a later date.Allocating CHP Fuel UseBecause respondents do not keep records on huses exclusively to produce electricity, EIA method for estimating how the total fuel consumtween electricity generation and useful thermal First, a steam boiler efficiency rate of 80 percen

Then the reported or estimated value for useful divided by 0.8 to estimate the fuel used to geneoutput.Next, this value was subtracted from total fuel cder was assumed to be the amount used for elecElectric Power Publication Tables AffectedIn both the Electric Power Monthly and the Ele

• Data will be shown for the following ca

the report: (1) U.S. power producers, and (3) CHP plants (commercial, induData on fuel consumption are shown fand thermal output.

• The lowest level of aggregation is at the • Data on petroleum coke are converted to 

troleum consumption and stocks tables.

• Fuel types are revised to be consisten

Review.

370 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

10 Arthur D. Little, Report to the Energy Information Adm

on Energy Use and Industrial Characteristics, (September 2Efficiencies."
V. Natural Gas Surveys and Publications

Summary of Key ChangesA number of changes have been made to natural gas consumption data presentations, definitions, and data sources. As a result of these changes thepresentation of natural gas consumption by end-use sector will be consistent with end-use sector presentations and definitions in other EIA publications and the measures of natural gas used by electricity generators will beexplicitly presented and identical to the quantities presented in electricpower publications.In prior EIA data publications natural gas consumption was presented forresidential, commercial, industrial, transportation, and electric utility sectors. Deliveries of natural gas to independent power producers (called

“other nonutility power producers” on the survey form) were included inthe data reported for the industrial sector and the measures were collectedthrough natural gas survey forms submitted by gas delivery agents (localdistribution companies and pipelines).Beginning with Annual Energy Review (AER) 2001, the definition of industrial sector gas consumption for 1993-2001 no longer includes independentpower producers. In addition, a new electric power sector is being usedwhich includes independent power producers, utilities, and other electricity generators as described in the previous electricity discussion. The datareported for the electric power sector are derived entirely from data submitted on electricity data collection forms used over the period 1993-2001.

These include Forms EIA-759, “Monthly Power Plant Report” andEIA-860B, “Annual Electric Generator Report-Nonutility” through 2000

and Form EIA-906, “Power Plant Report” for 2001.Compared with past publications, the impact of the definitional change forthe industrial sector is to reduce measured natural gas consumption by theindustrial sector. For example, in AER 2000 EIA showed 9.39 trillion cubic feet delivered to industrial facilities in 2000. In AER 2001, the comparable figure (under the “other industrial” heading) for 2000 is 8.25 trillion

cubic feet. This change is a result of the change in the operational definition of deliveries to the industrial sector.

Compared with past publications, the impact of the new data sources for the electric power secnatural gas consumption compared to the prevries. As a result of the changes in data sourcetric power data sources), total natural gas cpreviously published; i.e., total natural gas con5, 3, and 3 percent in 1998, 1999, and 2000, resAlso beginning with the publication of AER 2Natural Gas Annual, new detail is available abcommercial, industrial and electric power sectoies of natural gas to combined-heat-and-power tors from deliveries to other facilities within tindustrial consumers” includes deliveries to inCHP plants, such as paper mills, as well as othewith the CHP plant data are a small number of using natural gas only to generate electricity use). “Deliveries to commercial consumers” CHP plants, such as hospitals. Similarly, a smport natural gas use for only electricity generdata on commercial CHP plants.The sources for total commercial and industriasurvey forms while the sources of the subcomelectric power survey forms. The sources of alincluding the CHP subcomponent, are electric pPublication Elements Affected

• Deliveries to industrial consumers• Deliveries to industrial consumers for th• Deliveries to electric utilities (deleted)• Total deliveries to consumers• Total consumption• Balancing item• Deliveries to electric generators (new el• Average price for natural gas delivered • Number of industrial consumers• Average annual consumption per industr

Publication Tables Affected

Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 
Changes affect 64 of the 83 tables in the Natural Gas Annual.

• National-level tables (Tables 1, 26, B1, B2)• State-level or State-detail tables (Tables 2, 15, 16, 18, 21,

23, 27, A2)

• Summary Statistics by State (Tables 29-79)

VI. Coal Survey and Publications

Summary of Key ChangesData on coal consumed by the commercial and industrial sectors will now beseparated into coal consumed by combined-heat-and-power (CHP)plants andcoal consumed by the other plants in the commercial and industrial sector (referred to as other or “non-CHP”).11 Consumption by electric utilities and independent power producers, shown separately in the past, will be combined

and called “electric power sector.” Coal consumed by the electric power sector will be subdivided into coal consumed solely for power generation(“electricity-only plants”) and coal used at CHP plants. Note that “independent power producers” were previously called “other power producers” in thecoal publications and tabulations. Both terms refer to the same entities, i.e.,generating facilities with a North American Industrial Classification System(NAICS) code of 22.Coal Consumption Data SourcesThe sources for total coal consumption remain unchanged for the residentialand commercial sectors and for coke plants. They are:

• Residential and Commercial–Form EIA-6A, “Coal Distribution

Report.”

• Coke–Form EIA-5, “Coke Plant Report.”

For the industrial sector excluding coke plants (referred to as “other industrial,”) the data sources remain the same for the following categories:

• Manufacturing–Form EIA-3, “Quarterly Coal Consumption—Manufacturing Plants.”

• Mines–Form EIA-7A, “Coal Production Report.”

• Agriculture, Mining, Construction, 

EIA-6A, “Coal Distribution Report.”

For the portion of coal consumed by CHP pindustrial sectors through 2000, data wEIA-860B, “Annual Electric Generator Rep

ning in 2001, Form EIA-906, “Power Plant RData for the electric power sector for the yeafrom Form EIA-759 and Form EIA-860B. BForm EIA-906 will be used.

VII. Petroleum Surveys an

Summary of Key ChangesData on sales to independent power producerously reported in the industrial sector) are nelectric power generation category in the “aFuel Oil and Kerosene Sales Report, Tables cludes data on electric utilities and data on ers. The data on electric utilities are obta“Monthly Power Plant Report,” and FERC Fof Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plaent power producers are from Form EIA-860tor Report-Nonutility” through 2000, and FoReport” for 2001. Previously, some data on and residual fuel oils to independent powefrom Form EIA-821 survey, “Fuel Oil and Kcoverage may not have been complete or data 

ducers may have been included in the end-usPublication Tables AffectedData on sales by end-use sector are publishe

sene Sales Report. Data appear in two sets 

lish the results of the EIA-821 survey, excepkerosene. For on-highway diesel, State-lefrom the Federal Highway Administration.

372 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001

11 A small number of commercial and industrial plants that use coal only to generate electricity

are included with the data on commercial and industrial CHP plants.
In Tables 13-24 (Adjusted Sales), estimates of distillate fuel oil are adjusted at the Petroleum Administration for Defense (PAD) district level to

equal published Petroleum Supply Annual (PSA) volume estimates of products supplied. On-highway diesel State-level sales are calculated from Federal Highway Administration data.

Residual fuel oil volumes in Tables 13-24 are adjusted at the national levelto equal published PSA products supplied estimates.

VIII. Renewable Energy Publications

Summary of Key ChangesFor the first time EIA is presenting data on biomass energy consumptionthat were obtained by aggregating individual power plant data fornonutilities rather than by applying a generalized heat rate to the aggregatenet generation figure. All new renewable energy publications also reflectchanges in EIA definitions of the energy use sectors described earlier.Publication Tables AffectedThe main changes occur in estimates of renewable energy consumption andoutputs found in the Renewable Energy Annual’s Executive Summary,Chapter 1, and Appendix C.Detailed Table Changes for the Renewable Energy AnnualThroughout the tables, estimates of biomass consumption are based on thenew methodology described earlier and result in significant revisions.Where energy use sectors are presented, information reflects the newdefinitions.Table presentations remain the same for Table H1 in the Executive Summary and Tables 1 and 5 in Chapter 1. Changes to the other tables are asfollows:Table 2. Renewable Energy Consumption by Energy Use Sector and Energy Source, 1997-2001

• Commercial sector now includes energy consumption for electric-only power plants and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.

Previously, this was included as a small tor’s consumption.

• Industrial sector energy consumption n

cial sector or independent power produc

• Electric utility sector is changed to electr

cludes consumption for electric utilities 

ducers combined.

Table 3. Renewable Energy Consumption for E

ergy Use Sector and Energy Source, 1997-2001

• Commercial sector is added for the first 

cial sector energy consumption was incindustrial.

• Industrial sector energy consumption no 

tion by the commercial sector or indepe

• Electric utility sector is changed to electr

cludes information for electric utility and ers combined. Previously, indepeconsumption was included in industrial.

• Electric power industry is changed to to

commercial, industrial, and electric pow

Table 4. Electricity Net Generation from ReUse Sector and Energy Source, 1997-2001

• Generation is reorganized into three ne

dustrial, and electric power.

• Commercial sector includes generation 

mary purpose of business is commercial

• Industrial sector includes generation by 

purpose of business is industrial.

• Electric power sector includes generati

nonutilities that are independent power 

• Total by energy source is the sum of the 

electric power sectors.

Table 6. Renewable Energy Consumption of Use Sector and Energy Source, 1997-2001

• Commercial sector now includes energy 

mal output at combined-heat-and-power included as a small fraction of the indus

• Industrial sector energy consumption n

cial sector or independent power produc

Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 
• Electric power sector now includes consumption for electric utilities

and independent power producer combined.

Table 7. Biomass Energy Consumption by Energy Source and Energy UseSector, 1997-2001

• Electric power sector includes wood energy consumption by electric

utilities and independent power producers that were previously included in the industrial sector.

• Distributions of biomass energy consumption by Census Region are

no longer included.

Table 8. Industrial Biomass Energy Consumption and Electricity Net Generation by Primary Purpose of Business, 2000

• New table that presents detailed characteristics of industrial biomass consumption.

Table 9. Waste Energy Consumption by Type and Energy Use Sector, 2000

• New table that presents detailed information on waste consumption

excluding wood waste.

Appendix BTable B1 is a new table presenting historical renewable energy consumption for 1989 to 2001. It reflects the changes described for Table 2 above.Appendix CThroughout Appendix C, information on electricity generation and net summer capacity by State, which was previously provided in separate tables

for electric utilities and nonutilities, is now provided in separate tables forthe electric power sector, which includes electric utilities and independentpower producers, and for the commercial and industrial sectors combined.

IX. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Publication

Summary of Key ChangesThe EIA report Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States assigns all energy-consumption-related carbon dioxide emissions to one offour end-use sectors: residential, commercial, industrial and

transportation. A sector’s emissions consist of that sector (e.g., natural gas consumed to heat hthe emissions resulting from electricity generafrom nonutility generators were all assigned to though some of those emissions were based ointo the electricity grid and consumed in the sectors. Only emissions attributable to convenshared out to the end-use sectors. Beginning wgreenhouse gas emissions, emissions attributabtor (which includes entities other than utilitieend-use sectors. The electric power sector inc(utilities and independent power producers) and plants who are primarily in the business of selliEvolution of Presentation of Emissions DataIn the 2000 report a table was created that meelectricity generation in the industrial sector anemissions. Emissions from the two sources wecustomers with a more complete total. Howevbles only the electric utility emissions were shaconfusion for EIA customers who could not add sectors and arrive at the value in the stand-alonIn the 2001 report a table was created that presboth utility and nonutility generators. Unlike not a stand-alone table, and the value from this four end-use sectors. Because none of EIA’s oallocated energy consumption in quite this samof a disconnect created by this method as EIA ate these emission values based on energy conintegrated publications.For the 2002 report and beyond, the electric pemissions based on the multi-fuel, integrated pwith the Annual Energy Review (AER), include 

ness is to sell electricity (North American InduNAICS, code 22). The consumption tables (eral gas) include a small amount of thermal eneCHP plants. In assigning emissions to end-use related to fuel consumed for electricity only o

374 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 

commercial and industrial sector unless they are categorized as being primarily in the business of selling electricity (NAICS 22) in which case theyare included in the electric power sector as indicated above.The electric power sector’s emissions are shared out to the end-use sectorsas determined by AER Table 8.5. Because the end-use categories in Table

8.5 differ slightly from the four detailed above in that there is an “Other”

category rather than “Transportation,” an alterasmall amount of the “Other” category is estimato 6 billion kilowatthours). The rest of the “Osales are allocated to the “Commercial Sectorare no data to separate the “Direct Use” catego“Industrial Sector.”
Glossary

Account of Others (Natural Gas): Natural gas deliveries for the accountof others are deliveries to customers by transporters that do not own thenatural gas but deliver it for others for a fee. Included are quantities covered by long-term contracts and quantities involved in short-term or spotmarket sales.Alcohol: The family name of a group of organic chemical compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The series of molecules vary inchain length and are composed of a hydrocarbon plus a hydroxyl group:CH3-(CH2)n-OH (e.g., methanol, ethanol, and tertiary butyl alcohol).

Alternative-fuel Vehicle (AFV): A vehicle designed to operate on an alternative fuel (e.g., compressed natural gas, methane blend, electricity). The

vehicle could be either a dedicated vehicle designed to operate exclusivelyon alternative fuel or a nondedicated vehicle designed to operate on alternative fuel and/or a traditional fuel.Anthracite: The highest rank of coal; used primarily for residential andcommercial space heating. It is a hard, brittle, and black lustrous coal, often referred to as hard coal, containing a high percentage of fixed carbonand a low percentage of volatile matter. The moisture content offresh-mined anthracite generally is less than 15 percent. The heat contentof anthracite ranges from 22 to 28 million Btu per short ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat content of anthracite coal consumed in theUnited States averages 25 million Btu per short ton, on the as-received basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture and mineral matter). Note:Since the 1980’s, anthracite refuse or mine waste has been used forsteam-electric power generation. This fuel typically has a heat content of15 million Btu per short ton or less.Anthracite Culm: Waste from Pennsylvania anthracite preparation plants,consisting of coarse rock fragments containing as much as 30 percentsmall-sized coal; sometimes defined as including very fine coal particlescalled silt. Its heat value ranges from 8 to 17 million Btu per short ton.Anthropogenic: Made or generated by a human or caused by human activity. The term is used in the context of global climate change to refer to

gaseous emissions that are the result of human potentially climate-altering activities, such as dAPI: The American Petroleum Institute, a trad

API Gravity: American Petroleum Institute m

crude oil or condensate in degrees. An arbitrarity or density of liquid petroleum products. Tbrated in terms of degrees API; it is calculated aDegrees API = (141.5 / sp.gr.60 deg.F/60 deg.FAsphalt: A dark-brown to black cement-like 

leum processing and containing bitumens as thused primarily for road construction. It includthe following finished products: cements, fluemulsions (exclusive of water), and petroleum phalt to make cutback asphalts. Note: The con5.5 barrels per short ton.ASTM: The acronym for the American Society Aviation Gasoline Blending Components: Nablending or compounding into finished aviation gasoline, alkylate, reformate, benzene, toluene, genates (alcohols, ethers), butane, and pentaneported as other hydrocarbons, hydrogen, and oxAviation Gasoline, Finished: A complex mixt

drocarbons with or without small quantities of fuel suitable for use in aviation reciprocating eare provided in ASTM Specification D910 

MIL-G-5572. Note: Data on blending compon

on finished aviation gasoline. See Jet Fuel, 

sene-Type; and Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type.

Barrel (Petroleum): A unit of volume equal to 

Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 
Barrels per Calendar Day: The amount of input that a distillation facility

can process under usual operating conditions. The amount is expressed interms of capacity during a 24-hour period and reduces the maximum processing capability of all units at the facility under continuous operation toaccount for the following limitations that may delay, interrupt, or slowdown production: 1) the capability of downstream processing units to absorb the output of crude oil processing facilities of a given refinery (no reduction is necessary for intermediate streams that are distributed to otherthan downstream facilities as part of a refinery’s normal operation); 2) thetypes and grades of inputs to be processed; 3) the types and grades of products expected to be manufactured; 4) the environmental constraints associated with refinery operations; 5) the reduction of capacity for scheduleddowntime due to such conditions as routine inspection, maintenance, repairs, and turnaround; and 6) the reduction of capacity for unscheduleddowntime due to such conditions as mechanical problems, repairs, andslowdowns.Base Gas: The volume of gas needed as a permanent inventory to maintain adequate underground storage reservoir pressures and deliverabilityrates throughout the withdrawal season. All native gas is included in thebase gas volume.Bituminous Coal: A dense coal, usually black, sometimes dark brown, often with well-defined bands of bright and dull material, used primarily asfuel in steam-electric power generation, with substantial quantities alsoused for heat and power applications in manufacturing and making coke.Bituminous coal is the most abundant coal in active U.S. mining regions.Its moisture content usually is less than 20 percent. The heat content of bituminous coal ranges from 21 to 30 million Btu per short ton on a moist,mineral-matter-free basis. The heat content of bituminous coal consumedin the United States averages 24 million Btu per short ton, on the as-received basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture and mineral matter).Black Liquor (Pulping Liquor): The alkaline spent liquor removed fromthe digesters in the process of chemically pulping wood. After evaporation, the liquor is burned as a fuel in a recovery furnace that permits the recovery of certain basic chemicals.British Thermal Unit (Btu): The quantity of heat required to raise thetemperature of 1 pound of liquid water by 1 degree Fahrenheit at the temperature at which water has its greatest density (approximately 39 degrees

Fahrenheit). See Heat Content of a Quantity 

Content of a Quantity of Fuel, Net.Bunker fuels: Fuel supplied to ships and aircr

eign, consisting primarily of residual and distkerosene-based jet fuel for aircraft. The term is used to denote the consumption of fuel for in

ties. Note: For the purposes of greenhouse gas on emissions from combustion of international from national emissions totals. Historically, buship fuel.Butane: A normally gaseous straight-chain o

bon (C4H10) extracted from natural gas or refin

isobutane and normal butane and is designatD1835 and Gas Processors Association Speciftane. Isobutane: A normally gaseous branched

colorless paraffinic gas that boils at a temperatheit. It is extracted from natural gas or refinertane: A normally gaseous straight-chain hydparaffinic gas that boils at a temperature of 31extracted from natural gas or refinery gas streamButylene: An olefinic hydrocarbon (C4H8

processes.Capacity: See Generator Capacity and Gene

(Installed).Capacity Factor: The ratio of the electrical ening unit for a given period of time to the electrbeen produced at continuous full-power operatiCarbon Dioxide: A colorless, odorless, non-p

normal part of Earth's atmosphere. Carbon dsil-fuel combustion as well as other processeshouse gas as it traps heat (infrared energy) radatmosphere and thereby contributes to the poThe global warming potential (GWP) of othesured in relation to that of carbon dioxide, whic

378 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001
convention is assigned a value of one (1). See Global warming potential

(GWP) and Greenhouse gases.Carbon Dioxide Equivalent: The amount of carbon dioxide by weightemitted into the atmosphere that would produce the same estimated radiative forcing as a given weight of another radiatively active gas. Carbon dioxide equivalents are computed by multiplying the weight of the gas beingmeasured (for example, methane) by its estimated global warming potential (which is 21 for methane). “Carbon equivalent units” are defined as carbon dioxide equivalents multiplied by the carbon content of carbon dioxide(i.e., 12/44).Chained Dollars: A measure used to express real prices. Real prices arethose that have been adjusted to remove the effect of changes in the purchasing power of the dollar; they usually reflect buying power relative to areference year. Prior to 1996, real prices were expressed in constant dollars, a measure based on the weights of goods and services in a single year,usually a recent year. In 1996, the U.S. Department of Commerce introduced the chained-dollar measure. The new measure is based on the average weights of goods and services in successive pairs of years. It is“chained” because the second year in each pair, with its weights, becomesthe first year of the next pair. The advantage of using the chained-dollarmeasure is that it is more closely related to any given period covered and istherefore subject to less distortion over time.Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC): Any of various compounds consisting of carbon, hydrogen, chlorine, and flourine used as refrigerants. CFCs are nowthought to be harmful to the Earth's atmosphere.City Gate: A point or measuring station at which a distribution gas utilityreceives gas from a natural gas pipeline company or transmission system.Climate Change: A term used to refer to all forms of climatic inconsistency, but especially to significant change from one prevailing climatic condition to another. In some cases, “climate change” has been used

synonymously with the term “global warming”; scientists, however, tend touse the term in a wider sense to include natural changes in climate as wellas climatic cooling.Coal: A readily combustible black or brownish-black rock whose composition, including inherent moisture, consists of more than 50 percent by

weight and more than 70 percent by volume of formed from plant remains that have been cocally altered, and metamorphosed by heat and pSee Coal Rank.Coal Coke: See Coke, Coal.Coal Rank: The classification of coals accorgressive alteration from lignite to anthracite. In dard ranks of coal include lignite, subbituminand anthracite and are based on fixed carbovalue, and agglomerating (or caking) propertienous Coal, Lignite, and Subbituminous Coal.Coal Stocks: Coal quantities that are held in stoposition. Note: When coal data are collected f

riod (month, quarter, or year), coal stocks are the last day of this period.Coke, Coal: A solid carbonaceous residue derfur bituminous coal from which the volatile cobaking in an oven at temperatures as high as 2that the fixed carbon and residual ash are fused fuel and as a reducing agent in smelting iron ofrom coal is gray, hard, and porous and has a hBtu per short ton.Coke, Petroleum: A residue high in carbon cthat is the final product of thermal decompositicess in cracking. This product is reported as coke. The conversion is 5 barrels (of 42 U.S. Coke from petroleum has a heating value of 6.0Combined Heat and Power Plant (CHP): A both heat and electricity. If one or more units then the whole plant is designated as a CHP pla

used in place of the term "Cogenerator" that wCHP better describes the facilities because som

not produce heat and power in a sequential fasmeet the legal definition of cogeneration specifulatory Polices Act (PURPA). See Cogenerato

Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 
Commercial Building: A building with more than 50 percent of its

floorspace used for commercial activities. Commercial buildings include,but are not limited to, stores, offices, schools, churches, gymnasiums, libraries, museums, hospitals, clinics, warehouses, and jails. Governmentbuildings are included, except buildings on military bases or reservations.Commercial Sector: An energy-consuming sector that consists of service-providing facilities and equipment of: businesses; Federal, State, and

local governments; and other private and public organizations, such as religious, social, or fraternal groups. The commercial sector includes institutional living quarters. It also includes sewage treatment facilities. Commonuses of energy associated with this sector include space heating, water heating, air conditioning, lighting, refrigeration, cooking, and running a widevariety of other equipment. Note: This sector includes generators that produce electricity and/or useful thermal output primarily to support the activities of the above-mentioned commercial establishments.

Completion (oil/gas production): The term refers to the installation ofpermanent equipment for the production of oil or gas. If a well is equippedto produce only oil or gas from one zone or reservoir, the definition of a"well" (classified as an oil well or gas well) and the definition of a "completion" are identical. However, if a well is equipped to produce oil and/or gasseparately from more than one reservoir, a "well" is not synonymous with a"completion." See Well.Conversion Factor: A number that translates units of one system into corresponding values of another system. Conversion factors can be used totranslate physical units of measure for various fuels into Btu equivalents.See British Thermal Unit.

Cooling Tower: A common type of environmental equipment installed atpower plants used to transfer heat, produced by burning fuel, to the atmosphere. Cooling towers are installed where there is insufficient cooling water available or where waste heat discharged into cooling water would

affect marine life.Criteria Pollutant: A pollutant determined to be hazardous to humanhealth and regulated under the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA)National Ambient Air Quality Standards. The 1970 amendments to theClean Air Act require EPA to describe the health and welfare impacts of apollutant as the “criteria” for inclusion in the regulatory regime.

Crude Oil: A mixture of hydrocarbons that exral underground reservoirs and remains liquid apassing through surface separating facilities. D

istics of the crude stream, it may also include: 

carbons that exist in gaseous phase in natural are liquid at atmospheric pressure after bein(casinghead) gas in lease separators and are with the crude stream without being separatelsate recovered as a liquid from natural gas wellfacilities and later mixed into the crude stream amounts of nonhydrocarbons produced with the 

ous metals; and 3) drip gases, and liquid hydrsands, gilsonite, and oil shale. Liquids producplants are excluded. Crude oil is refined to pro

leum products, including heating oils; gasolinecants; asphalt; ethane, propane, and butane; anfor their energy or chemical content.Crude Oil Landed Cost: The price of crude including charges associated with purchasing, cargo from the purchase point to the port of disclude charges incurred at the discharge port (wharfage charges, and demurrage).Crude Oil Refinery Input: The total crude oil refineries.Crude Oil Stocks: Stocks of crude oil and leasies, in pipelines, at pipeline terminals, and on leCrude Oil Used Directly: Crude oil consumelines and on crude oil leases.Cubic foot (cf), natural gas: The amount of ndard temperature and pressure (60 degrees Fastandard per square inch) in a cube whose edgeCulm: See Anthracite Culm.Degree-Days, Cooling (CDD): A measure of ha period of time relative to a base temperature

380 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001
as 65 degrees Fahrenheit. The measure is computed for each day by subtracting the base temperature (65 degrees) from the average of the day’s

high and low temperatures, with negative values set equal to zero. Eachday’s cooling degree-days are summed to create a cooling degree-day measure for a specified reference period. Cooling degree-days are used in energy analysis as an indicator of air conditioning energy requirements or

use.Degree-Days, Heating (HDD): A measure of how cold a location is overa period of time relative to a base temperature, most commonly specifiedas 65 degrees Fahrenheit. The measure is computed for each day by subtracting the average of the day’s high and low temperatures from the basetemperature (65 degrees), with negative values set equal to zero. Eachday’s heating degree-days are summed to create a heating degree-day measure for a specified reference period. Heating degree-days are used in energy analysis as an indicator of space heating energy requirements or use.

Degree-Days, Population-Weighted: Heating or cooling degree-daysweighted by the population of the area in which the degree-days are recorded. To compute State population-weighted degree-days, each State isdivided into from one to nine climatically homogeneous divisions, whichare assigned weights based on the ratio of the population of the division tothe total population of the State. Degree-day readings for each division aremultiplied by the corresponding population weight for each division andthose products are then summed to arrive at the State population-weighteddegree-day figure. To compute national population-weighted degree-days,the Nation is divided into nine Census regions, each comprising from threeto eight States, which are assigned weights based on the ratio of the population of the region to the total population of the Nation. Degree-day readings for each region are multiplied by the corresponding population weightfor each region and those products are then summed to arrive at the national population-weighted degree-day figure.Demand-Side Management: The planning, implementation, and monitoring of utility activities designed to encourage consumers to modify patterns of electricity usage, including the timing and level of electricitydemand.Demonstrated Reserve Base (Coal): A collective term for the sum ofcoal in both measured and indicated resource categories of reliability, representing 100 percent of the in-place coal in those categories as of a certain

date. Includes beds of bituminous coal and anthick and beds of subbituminous coal 60 or mocur at depths of as much as 1,000 feet. Includeinches thick that can be surface mined. Includebeds that currently are being mined or for whiccould be mined commercially at a given time. the identified coal resource from which reserveDesign Electrical Rating (Capacity), Net: Thput of a nuclear unit as specified by the electrplant design.Development Well: A well drilled within the reservoir to the depth of a stratigraphic horizoSee Well.Distillate Fuel Oil: A general classification fotions produced in conventional distillation operels and fuel oils. Products known as No. 1, Noused in on-highway diesel engines, such as thoas well as off-highway engines, such as those agricultural machinery. Products known as Noils are used primarily for space heating and eleDistillation Unit (Atmospheric): The primarcesses crude oil (including mixtures of other 

mately atmospheric conditions. It includes a pcrude oil and a fractionation tower for separat

bon components in the crude oil into fractiranges. This is done by continuously vaporizinponents to separate higher boiling point materanges are set by the processing scheme, the and the product specifications.District Heat: Steam or hot water from an ouergy source in a building. The steam or hot waplant and is piped into the building. District heutility or provided by a physical plant in a sepathe same facility (for example, a hospital compl

Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 
Dry Hole: An exploratory or development well found to be incapable of

producing either oil or gas in sufficient quantities to justify completion asan oil or gas well. See Well.Dry Gas Production: See Natural Gas (Dry) Production.

Dual-Fired Unit: A generating unit that can produce electricity using twoor more input fuels. In some of these units, only the primary fuel can beused continuously; the alternate fuel(s) can be used only as a start-up fuelor in emergencies.Eastern Europe and Former U.S.S.R.: Includes Albania, Azerbaijan,Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Georgia, Hungary,Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Romania,Russia, Slovakia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. SeeU.S.S.R.Electric Power Sector: An energy-consuming sector that consists of electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants whose primarybusiness is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public--i.e.,North American Industry Classification System 22 plants. See also Combined-Heat-and-Power (CHP) Plant and Electricity-Only Plant.

Electrical System Energy Losses: The amount of energy lost during generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity, including plant and unaccounted-for uses.Electricity: A form of energy characterized by the presence and motion ofelementary charged particles generated by friction, induction, or chemicalchange.Electricity-only plant: A plant designed to produce electricity only. SeeCombined-heat-and-power (CHP) plant.Electricity Generation: The process of producing electric energy by transforming other forms of energy; also, the amount of electric energy produced, expressed in kilowatthours.

Electricity Generation, Gross: The total amount of electric energy produced by generating units and measured at the generating terminal in

kilowatthours (kWh) or megawatthours (MWh).

Electricity Generation, Net: The amount of gtrical energy consumed at the generating statiauxiliaries. Note: Electricity required for puplants is regarded as station use and is deducted Electricity Sales: The amount of kilowatthoutime; usually grouped by classes of service, sucial, industrial, and other. “Other” sales includhighway lighting and other sales to public authterdepartmental sales.Electric Utility: A corporation, person, agenentity or instrumentality aligned with distributelectric energy for use primarily by the putor-owned electric utilities, municipal and Stautilities, and rural electric cooperatives. A few and corporately aligned with companies that owalso included. Note: Due to the issuance of FEtraditional electric utilities to functionally unbumission, and distribution operations, "electric sistent interpretations from State to State.Eliminations: Revenues and expenses resutween segments of the energy industry. Consdo not include intersegment revenues and eintersegment transactions must be eliminated.Emissions: Anthropogenic releases of gases to text of global climate change, they consist of rhouse gases (e.g., the release of carbon dioxide End-Use Sectors: The residential, commercia

tion sectors of the economy.Energy: The capacity for doing work as measuing work (potential energy) or the conversion (kinetic energy). Energy has several forms, somvertible and can be changed to another form uworld’s convertible energy comes from fossil fduce heat that is then used as a transfer medimeans in order to accomplish tasks. Electrical 

382 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001
in kilowatthours, while heat energy is usually measured in British thermal

units.Energy Consumption: The use of energy as a source of heat or power oras an input in the manufacturing process.Energy Expenditures: The money spent directly by consumers to purchase energy. Expenditures equal the amount of energy used by the consumer times the price per unit paid by the consumer.

Energy service provider: An energy entity that provides service to a retail or end-use customer.

Energy Source: Any substance or natural phenomenon that can be consumed or transformed to supply heat or power. Examples include petroleum, coal, natural gas, nuclear, biomass, electricity, wind, sunlight,geothermal, water movement, and hydrogen in fuel cells.Ethane: A normally gaseous straight-chain hydrocarbon (C2H6). It is a colorless, paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature of -127.48 degrees Fahrenheit. It is extracted from natural gas and refinery gas streams.

Ethylene: An olefinic hydrocarbon recovered from refinery processes orpetrochemical processes. Ethylene is used as a petrochemical feedstockfor numerous chemical applications and the production of consumer goods.Exploratory Well: A well drilled to find and produce oil or gas in an areapreviously considered unproductive, to find a new reservoir in a knownfield (i.e., one previously producing oil or gas in another reservoir), or toextend the limit of a known oil or gas reservoir. See Well.

Exports: Shipments of goods from within the 50 States and the District ofColumbia to U.S. possessions and territories or to foreign countries.Extraction Loss: The reduction in volume of natural gas due to the removal of natural gas liquid constituents such as ethane, propane, and butane at natural gas processing plants.

Federal Energy Administration: A predecessor of the Energy Information Administration.

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FEwith jurisdiction over interstate electricity salhydroelectric licensing, natural gas pricing, oil line certification. FERC is an independent regupartment of Energy and is the successor to the FFederal Power Commission (FPC): The pred

eral Energy Regulatory Commission. The Fedecreated by an Act of Congress under the Feder10, 1920. It was charged originally with regulanatural gas industries. It was abolished on SepDepartment of Energy was created. Its functionDepartment of Energy and the Federal Energy independent regulatory agency.Financial Reporting System (FRS): The Ener

tion’s statutory requirement to identify major eand develop and implement a data-reporting p

and operating information from these compani

if they are within the top 50 publicly-owned Uhave at least 1 percent of either production or uranium in the United States, or 1 percent of eitroleum product sales in the United States.First Use: Manufacturing establishments’ conwas originally produced offsite or was produceals not classified as energy.First Purchase Price: The marketed first saoil, consistent with the removal price defineWindfall Profits Tax on Domestic Crude Oil 4998 [c]).Fiscal Year: The U.S. Government’s fiscal through September 30. The fiscal year is designwhich it ends; e.g., fiscal year 2000 began on on September 30, 2000.Flared Natural Gas: Natural gas burned in 

gas processing plants.

Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 
f.o.b.: See Free on Board.

Footage Drilled: Total footage for wells in various categories, as reportedfor any specified period, includes (1) the deepest total depth (length ofwell bores) of all wells drilled from the surface, (2) the total of all bypassed footage drilled in connection with reported wells, and (3) all newfootage drilled for directional sidetrack wells. Footage reported for directional sidetrack wells does not include footage in the common bore, whichis reported as footage for the original well. In the case of old wells drilleddeeper, the reported footage is that which was drilled below the total depthof the old well.Former U.S.S.R.: See U.S.S.R.

Forward Costs (Uranium): The operating and capital costs that will be incurred in any future production of uranium from in-place reserves. Included are costs for labor, materials, power and fuel, royalties, payroll

taxes, insurance, and general and administrative costs that are dependentupon the quantity of production and, thus, applicable as variable costs ofproduction. Excluded from forward costs are prior expenditures, if any, incurred for property acquisition, exploration, mine development, and millconstruction, as well as income taxes, profit, and the cost of money. Note:By use of forward costing, estimates of reserves for ore deposits in differing geological settings can be aggregated and reported as the maximumamount that can theoretically be extracted to recover the specified costs ofuranium oxide production under the listed forward cost categories.Fossil Fuel: An energy source formed in the Earth’s crust from decayed organic material, such as petroleum, coal, and natural gas.

Fossil-Fueled Steam-Electric Power Plant: An electricity generationplant in which the prime mover is a turbine rotated by high-pressure steamproduced in a boiler by heat from burning fossil fuels.Fractionation: The process by which saturated hydrocarbons are removedfrom natural gas and separated into distinct parts, or “fractions” such aspropane, butane, and ethane.Free Alongside Ship (f.a.s.): The value of a commodity at the port of exportation, generally including the purchase price plus all charges incurred

in placing the commodity alongside the carrier at the port of exportation.

Free on Board (f.o.b.): A sales transaction in 

product available for pick up at a specified poprice and the buyer pays for the subsequent tranFuel Ethanol: An anhydrous, denatured alip

tended for motor gasoline blending. See OxygeFull-Power Operation: Operation of a nuclea

cent of its design capacity. Full-power operaoperation.Gas Well: A well completed for the productiomore gas zones or reservoirs. (Wells producing gas are classified as oil wells.)Gas Well Productivity: Derived annually by withdrawals from gas wells by the number of cember 31 and then dividing the quotient by year.Generator capacity: The maximum output, cowatts (MW), that generating equipment can justed for ambient conditions.Generator nameplate capacity (installed): Tha generator, prime mover, or other electric powder specific conditions designated by the manunameplate capacity is commonly expressed in mally indicated on a nameplate physically attacheGeothermal Energy: Hot water or steam extravoirs in the Earth’s crust and used for geotherming, or electricity generation.Global Warming: An increase in the near-Earth. Global warming has occurred in the distral influences, but the term is today most often some scientists predict will occur as a result emissions of greenhouse gases. See Green

Change.

384 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001
Global Warming Potential (GWP): An index used to compare the relative radiative forcing of different gases without directly calculating the

changes in atmospheric concentrations. GWPs are calculated as the ratioof the radiative forcing that would result from the emission of one kilogram of a greenhouse gas to that from the emission of one kilogram of carbon dioxide over a period of time, such as 100 years.Greenhouse Gases: Those gases, such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons

(PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride, that are transparent to solar (short-wave)radiation but opaque to long-wave radiation, thus preventing long-wave radiant energy from leaving the Earth’s atmosphere. The net effect is a trapping of absorbed radiation and a tendency to warm the planet’s surface.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP): The total value of goods and servicesproduced by labor and property located in the United States. As long as thelabor and property are located in the United States, the supplier (that is, theworkers and, for property, the owners) may be either U.S. residents or residents of foreign countries.Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Implicit Price Deflator: A measureused to convert nominal prices to real prices. See Chained Dollars.

Gross Electricity Generation: See Electricity Generation, Gross.

Gross Withdrawals: See Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals.Gross Input to Atmospheric Crude Oil Distillation Units: Total input toatmospheric crude oil distillation units. Includes all crude oil, lease condensate, natural gas plant liquids, unfinished oils, liquefied refinery gases,slop oils, and other liquid hydrocarbons produced from tar sands, gilsonite,and oil shale.Heat Content of a Quantity of Fuel, Gross: The total amount of heat released when a fuel is burned. Coal, crude oil, and natural gas all include

chemical compounds of carbon and hydrogen. When those fuels areburned, the carbon and hydrogen combine with oxygen in the air to produce carbon dioxide and water. Some of the energy released in burninggoes into transforming the water into steam and is usually lost. The amountof heat spent in transforming the water into steam is counted as part ofgross heat content but is not counted as part of net content. Gross heat

content is also referred to as the higher heating tors typically used by Energy Information Admheat content.Heat Content of a Quantity of Fuel, Net: Th

ergy released when a fuel is burned under cowhich it is normally used. Net heat content is heating value. Btu conversion factors typicallmation Administration represent gross heat conHeavy Oil: The fuel oils remaining after the tilled off during the refining process. Except fozation, virtually all petroleum used in steam pfuel oil numbers 4, 5, and 6; crude; and topped Household: A family, an individual, or a group sons occupying the same housing unit. “Occuwas the person’s usual or permanent place of reHousing Unit: A house, an apartment, a group if it is either occupied or intended for occupancby a family, an individual, or a group of one to arate living quarters means the occupants (1) lother persons in the house or apartment and (2) outside of the buildings or through a common it without going through someone else's living not include group quarters such as prisons or nmore unrelated persons live. A common dining indication of group quarters. Hotel and motel ing units if occupied as the usual or permanent Hydrocarbon: An organic chemical compounthe gaseous, liquid, or solid phase. The molecucompounds varies from the simplest (methane, to the very heavy and very complex.Hydroelectric Power: The use of flowing wenergy.Hydroelectric Pumped Storage Plant: A plantric energy during peak load periods by using 

Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 
into an elevated storage reservoir during off-peak periods when excess generating capacity is available to do so. When additional generating capacity

is needed, the water can be released from the reservoir through a conduit toturbine generators located in a power plant at a lower level.Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs): A group of man-made chemicals composed of one or two carbon atoms and varying numbers of hydrogen and

fluorine atoms. Most HFCs have 100-year Global Warming Potentials inthe thousands.Implicit Price Deflator: See Chained Dollars.

Imports: Receipts of goods into the 50 States and the District of Columbia from U.S. possessions and territories or from foreign countries.

Independent Power Producer: A corporation, person, agency, authority,or other legal entity or instrumentality that owns or operates facilities forthe generation of electricity for use primarily by the public, and that is notan electric utility.Indicated Resources, Coal: Coal for which estimates of the rank, quality,and quantity are based partly on sample analyses and measurements andpartly on reasonable geologic projections. Indicated resources are computed partly from specified measurements and partly from projection of visible data for a reasonable distance on the basis of geologic evidence. Thepoints of observation are 1⁄2 to 11⁄2 miles apart. Indicated coal is projectedto extend as a 1⁄2-mile-wide belt that lies more than 1⁄4 mile from the outcropor points of observation or measurement.Industrial Sector: An energy-consuming sector that consists of all facilities and equipment used for producing, processing, or assembling goods.

The industrial sector encompasses the following types of activity: manufacturing (NAICS codes 31-33); agriculture, forestry, and fisheries(NAICS code 11); mining, including oil and gas extraction (NAICS code21); natural gas transmission (NAICS code 2212); and construction(NAICS code 23). Overall energy use in this sector is largely for processheat and cooling and powering machinery, with lesser amounts used for facility heating, air conditioning, and lighting. Fossil fuels are also used asraw material inputs to manufactured products. Note: This sector includesgenerators that produce electricity and/or useful thermal output primarilyto support the above-mentioned industrial activities.

Jet Fuel: A refined petroleum product used in cludes kerosene-type jet fuel and naphtha-type jJet Fuel, Kerosene-Type: A kerosene-based p

tillation temperature of 400 degrees Fahrenheipoint and a final maximum boiling point of 5meeting ASTM Specification 1655 and MIL-T-5624P and MIL-T-83133D (Grades JPcommercial and military turbojet and turboprop Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type: A fuel in the heavy an average gravity of 52.8o API, 20 to 90 percof 290 to 470 degrees Fahrenheit, and meetMIL-T-5624L (Grade JP-4). It is used primar

turboprop aircraft engines because it has a loaviation fuels and meets engine requirements at Kerosene: A light petroleum distillate that is stoves, and water heaters and is suitable for burned in wick-fed lamps. Kerosene has a mature of 400 degrees Fahrenheit at the 10-perboiling point of 572 degrees Fahrenheit, and a degrees Fahrenheit. Included are No. 1-K and Nognized by ASTM Specification D3699 as well sene called range or stove oil, which have prNo. 1 fuel oil. See Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type.

Kilowatthour (kWh): A measure of electricitor energy, measured as 1 kilowatt (1,000 watthour. One kilowatthour is equivalent to 3,412 BLanded Cost: See Crude Oil Landed Cost.Lease and Plant Fuel: Natural gas used in wtions (such as gas used in drilling operationsfield compressors) and used as fuel in natural gLease Condensate: A mixture consisting heavier hydrocarbons which is recovered as a lease separation facilities. This category e

386 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001
liquids, such as butane and propane, which are recovered at downstream

natural gas processing plants or facilities.Light Oil: Lighter fuel oils distilled off during the refining process. Virtually all petroleum used in internal combustion and gas-turbine engines is

light oil. Includes fuel oil numbers 1 and 2, kerosene, and jet fuel.Lignite: The lowest rank of coal, often referred to as brown coal, used almost exclusively as fuel for steam-electric power generation. It is brownish-black and has a high inherent moisture content, sometimes as high as

45 percent. The heat content of lignite ranges from 9 to 17 million Btu pershort ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat content of ligniteconsumed in the United States averages 13 million Btu per short ton, onthe as-received basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture and mineralmatter).Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG): Natural gas (primarily methane) that hasbeen liquefied by reducing its temperature to -260 degrees Fahrenheit at atmospheric pressure.Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG): A group of hydrocarbon-based gasesderived from crude oil refining or natural gas fractionation. They includeethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, normal butane, butylene, isobutane,and isobutylene. For convenience of transportation, these gases are liquefied through pressurization.Liquefied Refinery Gases (LRG): Liquefied petroleum gases fractionated from refinery or still gases. Through compression and/or refrigeration, they are retained in the liquid state. The reported categories areethane/ethylene, propane/propylene, normal butane/butylene, and isobutane. Excludes still gas.Losses: See Electrical System Energy Losses.

Low-Power Testing: The period of time between a nuclear generatingunit’s initial fuel loading date and the issuance of its operating (full-power)license. The maximum level of operation during that period is 5 percent ofthe unit’s design thermal rating.Lubricants: Substances used to reduce friction between bearing surfacesor incorporated into other materials used as processing aids in the

manufacture of other products, or used as carrie

leum lubricants may be produced either from di

cants include all grades of lubricating oils, from and those used in greases.Major Energy Producers: The top publicly-ogas producers and petroleum refiners that form tem. See Financial Reporting System.Manufacturing: An energy-consuming subsethat consists of all facilities and equipment ephysical, chemical, or electronic transformatioor components into new products. Assembly oucts is included, except for that which is includMarketed Production, Natural Gas: Gross wrepressuring, quantities vented and flared, and moved in treating or processing operations. Inused in field and processing operations.Measured Resources, Coal: Coal resources rank, quality, and quantity have been computedless than 20 percent, from sample analyses and spaced and geologically well known sample sitcomputed from dimensions revealed in outcropand drill holes. The points of observation and spaced and the thickness and extent of coals atonnage is judged to be accurate within 20 perof the point of observation necessary to demondiffers from region to region, according to the the points of observation are no greater than 1⁄2 is projected to extend as a belt 1⁄4 mile wide frobservation or measurement.Methane: A colorless, flammable, odorless hy

is the major component of natural gas. It is also drogen in various industrial processes.Methanol: A light, volatile alcohol (CH3OH) 

blending. See Oxygenates.

Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 
Miscellaneous Petroleum Products: All finished petroleum products not

classified elsewhere—for example, petrolatum, lube refining byproducts(aromatic extracts and tars), absorption oils, ram-jet fuel, petroleum rocketfuels, synthetic natural gas feedstocks, and specialty oils.Motor Gasoline Blending Components: Naphthas (e.g., straight-run gasoline, alkylate, reformate, benzene, toluene, xylene) used for blending orcompounding into finished motor gasoline. These components include reformulated gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending (RBOB) but exclude oxygenates (alcohols, ethers), butane, and pentanes plus. Note:Oxygenates are reported as individual components and are included in thetotal for other hydrocarbons, hydrogens, and oxygenates.Motor Gasoline, Conventional: Finished motor gasoline not included inthe oxygenated or reformulated gasoline categories. Note: This categoryexcludes reformulated gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending(RBOB) as well as other blendstock. Conventional motor gasoline can beleaded or unleaded; regular, midgrade, or premium. See Motor GasolineGrades.Motor Gasoline Grades: The classification of gasoline by octane ratings.Each type of gasoline (conventional, oxygenated, and reformulated; leadedor unleaded) is classified by three grades: regular, midgrade, and premium.Note: Gasoline sales are reported by grade in accordance with their classification at the time of sale. In general, automotive octane requirements are

lower at high altitudes. Therefore, in some areas of the United States, suchas the Rocky Mountain States, the octane ratings for the gasoline gradesmay be 2 or more octane points lower.

Regular Gasoline: Gasoline having an antiknock index, i.e., octanerating, greater than or equal to 85 and less than 88.Midgrade Gasoline: Gasoline having an antiknock index, i.e., octanerating, greater than or equal to 88 and less than or equal to 90.Premium Gasoline: Gasoline having an antiknock index, i.e., octanerating, greater than 90.

Motor Gasoline, Oxygenated: Finished motor gasoline other than reformulated gasoline, having an oxygen content of 2.7 percent or higher by

weight and required by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)to be sold in areas designated by EPA as carbon monoxide (CO)

nonattainment areas. Note: Oxygenated gaso

gasoline, oxygenated fuels program reformulate

formulated gasoline blendstock for oxygenated formulated for regular, midgrade, or premium gGrades.Motor Gasoline, Reformulated: Finished mouse in motor vehicles, the composition and propquirements of the reformulated gasoline reguU.S. Environmental Protection Agency under Air Act. Note: This category includes oxygenlated gasoline (OPRG) but excludes reformulaoxygenate blending (RBOB). It can be formuand premium grades. See Motor Gasoline GraNAICS: See North American Industry ClassNatural Gas: A gaseous mixture of hydrocarbone being methane. Note: The Energy Informsures wet natural gas and its two sources of solved natural gas and nonassociated naturawhich is produced from wet natural gas.

Wet natural gas: A mixture of hydrocaquantities of various nonhydrocarbons exor in solution with crude oil in porous rconditions. The principal hydrocarbons mixture are methane, ethane, propane, bnonhydrocarbon gases that may be presare water vapor, carbon dioxide, hydrogen amounts of helium. Under reservoir condisociated liquefiable portions occur either the reservoir or in solution with crude oil at the time as separate substances. Nochange Commission and the Financial Arefer to this product as natural gas.

— Associated-dissolved natural gas: 

crude oil reservoirs either as free gas lution with crude oil (dissolved gas)

— Nonassociated natural gas: Natur

with significant quantities of crude o

388 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001
Dry natural gas: Natural gas which remains after: 1) the

liquefiable hydrocarbon portion has been removed from the gasstream (i.e., gas after lease, field, and/or plant separation); and 2) anyvolumes of nonhydrocarbon gases have been removed where they occur in sufficient quantity to render the gas unmarketable. Note: Dry

natural gas is also known as consumer-grade natural gas. The parameters for measurement are cubic feet at 60 degrees Fahrenheit and14.73 pounds per square inch absolute.

Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals: Full well stream volume of producednatural gas, excluding condensate separated at the lease.Natural Gas Liquids (NGL): A general term for all liquid products separated from natural gas in gas processing or cycling plants. They include

natural gas plant liquids and lease condensate.Natural Gas Marketed Production: See Marketed Production, Natural Gas.

Natural Gas Plant Liquids (NGPL): Those hydrocarbons in natural gasthat are separated as liquids at downstream gas processing plants,fractionating and cycling plants, and in some instances at field facilities.Lease condensate is excluded. Products obtained include liquefied petroleum gases and pentanes plus.Natural Gas Wellhead Price: Price of natural gas calculated by dividingthe total reported value at the wellhead by the total quantity produced as reported by the appropriate agencies of individual producing States and the

U.S. Mineral Management Service. The price includes all costs prior toshipment from the lease, including gathering and compression costs, in addition to State production, severance, and similar charges.NERC: See North American Electric Reliability Council.

Net Electricity Generation: See Electricity Generation, Net.

Net Income: Operating income plus other income and extraordinary income less operating expenses, taxes, interest charges, other deductions,and extraordinary deductions.

Net Investment in Place: Net property, plant, ments and advances to unconsolidated affiliatesNet Summer Capacity: The maximum outpmegawatts (MW), that generating equipment cademonstrated by a multi-hour test, at the time oriod of May 1 through October 31). This outpupacity due to electricity use for station service oNeutral Zone: A 6,200 square-mile area sharand Saudi Arabia under a 1992 agreement.Nitrogen Oxides (Nox): Compounds of nitrog

the burning of fossil fuels.Nominal Dollars: A measure used to express nNominal Price: The price paid for a product transaction. Nominal prices are those that hamove the effect of changes in the purchasing pflect buying power in the year in which the tranNoncoincidental Peak Load: The sum of two vidual systems that do not occur in the same only in the context of loads within a limited pweek, month, a heating or cooling season, and year.Nonhydrocarbon Gases: Typical nonhydrocar

ent in reservoir natural gas, such as carbon diofide, and nitrogen.Nontraceables: Energy companies’ revenues, that cannot be directly attributed to a type of bable allocation method developed on the basis oNonutility Power Producer: A corporation, pother legal entity or instrumentality that owns otric generation and is not an electric utility. Noclude qualifying cogenerators, qualifying small nonutility generators (including independent po

Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 
power producers are without a designated franchised service area and do

not file forms listed in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 18, Part 141.North American Electric Reliability Council (NERC): A councilformed in 1968 by the electric utility industry to promote the reliability andadequacy of bulk power supply in the electric utility systems of NorthAmerica. NERC consists of regional reliability councils and encompassesessentially all the power regions of the contiguous United States, Canada,and Mexico. See the various NERC Regional Reliability Councils athttp://www.eia.doe.gov/neic/pubstyle/nerc.htm.North American Industry Classification System (NAICS): A codingsystem developed jointly by the United States, Canada, and Mexico to classify businesses and industries according to the type of economic activity inwhich they are engaged. NAICS replaces the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes.

Nuclear Electric Power (nuclear power): Electricity generated by theuse of the thermal energy released from the fission of nuclear fuel in areactor.OECD: See Organization for Economic Cooperation andDevelopment.Offshore: That geographic area that lies seaward of the coastline. In general, the coastline is the line of ordinary low water along with that portionof the coast that is in direct contact with the open sea or the line markingthe seaward limit of inland water. If a state agency uses a different basisfor classifying onshore and offshore areas, the state classification is used(e.g., Cook Inlet in Alaska is classified as offshore; for Louisiana, thecoastline is defined as the Chapman Line, as modified by subsequentadjudication).Oil: See Crude Oil.Oil Well: A well completed for the production of crude oil from one ormore oil zones or reservoirs. Wells producing both crude oil and naturalgas are classified as oil wells.

Operable Nuclear Unit: In the United Statethat has completed low-power testing and is in operating license issued by the Nuclear RegulatOperable Refineries: Refineries that were in categories at the beginning of a given year: in and not under active repair, but capable of bwithin 30 days; or not in operation, but under completed within 90 days.Operating Income: Operating revenues lescludes items of other revenue and expense, such consolidated affiliates, dividends, interest inctaxes, extraordinary items, and cumulative effecOrganization for Economic Cooperation anAn international organization helping governmcial and governance challenges of a globalized comprises about 30 member countries. With some 70 other countries, NGOs and civil societdetails about the organization, see http://www.oOrganization of Petroleum Exporting Couthat have organized for the purpose of negotiamatters of oil production, prices, and future members (as of the date of writing this definitIran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, SauEmirates, and Venezuela. See OPEC's site at htinformation.Other Hydrocarbons: Materials received by a raw material. Includes hydrogen, coal tar deriral gas received by the refinery for reforming to be used as fuel is excluded.Oxygenated Motor Gasoline: See Motor GasOxygenates: Substances which, when added the amount of oxygen in that gasoline blend. Eether (MTBE), ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETB

mon oxygenates. See Motor Gasoline, Oxygen

390 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001
Ozone: A molecule made up of three atoms of oxygen. Occurs naturally

in the stratosphere and provides a protective layer shielding the Earth fromharmful ultraviolet radiation. In the troposphere, it is a chemical oxidant, agreenhouse gas, and a major component of photochemical smog.Particulate Collectors: Equipment used to remove fly ash from the combustion gases of a boiler plant before discharge to the atmosphere. Particulate collectors include electrostatic precipitators, mechanical collectors(cyclones, fabric filters [baghouses]), and wet scrubbers.Pentanes Plus: A mixture of hydrocarbons, mostly pentanes and heavier,extracted from natural gas. Includes isopentane, natural gasoline, and plantcondensate.Perfluorocarbons (PFCs): A group of man-made chemicals composed ofone or two carbon atoms and four to six flourine atoms, containing no chlorine. PFCs have no commercial uses and are emitted as a byproduct of aluminum smelting and semiconductor manufacturing. PFCs have very high100-year Global Warming Potentials and are very long-lived in theatmosphere.Petrochemical Feedstocks: Chemical feedstocks derived from petroleumprincipally for the manufacture of chemicals, synthetic rubber, and a variety of plastics.Petroleum: A broadly defined class of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures. Included are crude oil, lease condensate, unfinished oils, refined products obtained from the processing of crude oil, and natural gas plant liquids.

Note: Volumes of finished petroleum products include nonhydrocarboncompounds, such as additives and detergents, after they have been blendedinto the products.Petroleum Coke: See Coke, Petroleum.

Petroleum Consumption: The sum of all refined petroleum products supplied. For each refined petroleum product, the amount supplied is calculated by adding production and imports, then subtracting changes inprimary stocks (net withdrawals are a plus quantity and net additions are aminus quantity) and exports.

Petroleum Imports: Imports of petroleum inttrict of Columbia from foreign countries and frIslands, and other U.S. territories and possessfor the Strategic Petroleum Reserve and withdhouses for onshore consumption, offshore buExcluded are receipts of foreign petroleum ininto U.S. territories and U.S. Foreign Trade ZonPetroleum Products: Petroleum products are ing of crude oil (including lease condensate), ncarbon compounds. Petroleum products includpetroleum gases, pentanes plus, aviation gasotha-type jet fuel, kerosene-type jet fuel, keroseual fuel oil, petrochemical feedstocks, special npetroleum coke, asphalt, road oil, still gas, and Petroleum Products Supplied: An approximaIt measures the disappearance of the products frfineries, blending plants, and bulk terminals. In in any given period are computed as followsports, plus unaccounted-for crude oil (plus net a PAD District basis) minus stock change, minufinery inputs, and minus exports. See also Petr

Petroleum Stocks, Primary: For individual pheld at refineries, in pipelines, and at bulk term50,000 barrels or more, or that are in transit th

uct retailers and resellers, as well as tertiary stosumption, are excluded. Stocks of individprocessing plants are excluded from individual cluded in other oil estimates and total.Photovoltaic Energy: Direct-current electric

through solid-state semiconductor devices that Photovoltaic Module: An integrated assemb

voltaic cells designed to deliver a selected level 

rent at its output terminals, packaged for protedegradation, and suited for incorporation in pho

Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 
Pipeline Fuel: Gas consumed in the operation of pipelines, primarily in

compressors.Pipeline, Natural Gas: A continuous pipe conduit, complete with suchequipment as valves, compressor stations, communications systems, andmeters, for transporting natural gas and/or supplemental gaseous fuelsfrom one point to another, usually from a point in or beyond the producingfield or processing plant to another pipeline or to points of utilization. Alsorefers to a company operating such facilities.Pipeline, Petroleum: Crude oil and product pipelines used to transportcrude oil and petroleum products, respectively (including interstate, intrastate, and intracompany pipelines), within the 50 states and the District ofColumbia.Plant Condensate: One of the natural gas liquids, mostly pentanes andheavier hydrocarbons, recovered and separated as liquids at gas inlet separators or scrubbers in processing plants.Process Fuel: All energy consumed in the acquisition, processing, andtransportation of energy. Quantifiable process fuel includes three categories: natural gas lease and plant operations, natural gas pipeline operations,and oil refinery operations.Processing Gain: The volumetric amount by which total output is greaterthan input for a given period of time. This difference is due to the processing of crude oil into products which, in total, have a lower specific gravitythan the crude oil processed.Processing Loss: The volumetric amount by which total refinery output isless than input for a given period of time. This difference is due to the processing of crude oil into products which, in total, have a higher specificgravity than the crude oil processed.Processing Plant (Natural Gas): A surface installation designed to separate and recover natural gas liquids from a stream of produced natural gasthrough the processes of condensation, absorption, refrigeration, or othermethods, and to control the quality of natural gas marketed or returned tooil or gas reservoirs for pressure maintenance, repressuring, or cycling.

Propane: A normally gaseous straight-chain 

colorless paraffinic gas that boils at a temperatenheit. It is extracted from natural gas or refinall products designated in ASTM Specification Association Specifications for commercial propPropylene: An olefinic hydrocarbon (C3H6) r

cesses or petrochemical processes.Proved Reserves, Crude Oil: The estimated fined as crude oil that geological and engineereasonable certainty to be recoverable in futuvoirs under existing economic and operating coProved Reserves, Lease Condensate: The vexpected to be recovered in future years in conjof proved reserves of natural gas based on the and/or field separation facilities installed.Proved Reserves, Natural Gas: The estimatthat analysis of geological and engineering datable certainty to be recoverable in future years der existing economic and operating conditionsProved Reserves, Natural Gas Liquids: Thosuids (including lease condensate) demonstrateto be separable in the future from proved naturing economic and operating conditions.Pumped Storage: See Hydroelectric Pumped Real Price: A price that has been adjusted to rin the purchasing power of the dollar. Real priconstant dollars, usually reflect buying power rChained Dollars.Refiner Acquisition Cost of Crude Oil: The finer, including transportation and other fees. weighted average of domestic and imported cruquisition cost does not include the cost of crude gic Petroleum Reserve.

392 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001
Refinery Input: The raw materials and intermediate materials processed

at refineries to produce finished petroleum products. They include crudeoil, products of natural gas processing plants, unfinished oils, other hydrocarbons and alcohol, motor gasoline and aviation gasoline blending components, and finished petroleum products.Refinery Output: The total amount of petroleum products produced at arefinery. Includes petroleum consumed by the refinery.Refinery (Petroleum): An installation that manufactures finished petroleum products from crude oil, unfinished oils, natural gas liquids, other hydrocarbons, and alcohol.Renewable Energy: Energy obtained from sources that are essentially inexhaustible (unlike, for example, fossil fuels, which are in finite supply).

Renewable sources of energy include conventional hydroelectric power,wood, waste, geothermal, wind, photovoltaic, and solar thermal energy.Repressuring: The injection of gas into oil or gas formations to effectgreater ultimate recovery.Residential Sector: An energy-consuming sector that consists of livingquarters for private households. Common uses of energy associated withthis sector include space heating, water heating, air conditioning, lighting,refrigeration, cooking, and running a variety of other appliances. The residential sector excludes institutional living quarters. Note: Various EIA

programs differ in sectoral coverage. For further explanation seehttp://www.eia.doe.gov/neic/datadefinitions/Guideforwebres.htm.Residual Fuel Oil: The heavier oils, known as No. 5 and No. 6 fuel oils,that remain after the distillate fuel oils and lighter hydrocarbons are distilled away in refinery operations. It conforms to ASTM Specifications

D396 and D975 and Federal Specification VV-F-815C. No. 5, a residualfuel oil of medium viscosity, is also known as Navy Special and is definedin Military Specification MIL-F-859E, including Amendment 2 (NATOSymbol F-770). It is used in steam-powered vessels in government serviceand inshore powerplants. No. 6 fuel oil includes Bunker C fuel oil and isused for the production of electric power, space heating, vessel bunkering,and various industrial purposes.

Road Oil: Any heavy petroleum oil, including as a dust palliative and surface treatment on roaerally produced in six grades, from 0, the mviscous.Rotary Rig: A machine used for drilling wetube attached to a bit for boring holes through rRoyalty Interest: An interest in a mineral proyalty contract.Short Ton (Coal): A unit of weight equal to 2,Solar Energy: The radiant energy of the sun, wother forms of energy, such as heat or electricitySolar Thermal Collector: A device designeand convert it to thermal energy. Normally, a cludes a frame, glazing, and an absorber, togettion. The heat collected by the solar thermimmediately or stored for later use. Solar coheating, domestic hot water heating, and heatubs, or spas.Space Heating: The use of energy to generate units using space-heating equipment. The eqspace-heating equipment or secondary space-hnot include the use of energy to operate appliasions, and refrigerators) that give off heat as a bSpecial Naphthas: All finished products withthat are used as paint thinners, cleaners, or solv

fined to a specified flash point. Special naphthexane and cleaning solvents conforming to Aand D484, respectively. Naphthas to be blende

line or aviation gasoline or that are to be used thetic natural gas (SNG) feedstocks are excludeSpent Liquor: The liquid residue left after an component of waste materials used as fuel.

Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 
Spot Market Price: See Spot Price.

Spot Price: The price for a one-time open market transaction for immediate delivery of the specific quantity of product at a specific location wherethe commodity is purchased “on the spot” at current market rates.Steam-Electric Power Plant: A plant in which the prime mover is a steamturbine. The steam used to drive the turbine is produced in a boiler wherefossil fuels are burned.Still Gas (Refinery Gas): Any form or mixture of gases produced in refineries by distillation, cracking, reforming, and other processes. The principal constituents are methane, ethane, ethylene, normal butane, butylene,

propane, propylene, etc. Still gas is used as a refinery fuel and a petrochemical feedstock. The conversion factor is 6 million Btus per fuel oilequivalent barrel.Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR): Petroleum stocks maintained by theFederal Government for use during periods of major supply interruption.Stocks: Inventories of fuel stored for future use.Subbituminous Coal: A coal with properties ranging from those of ligniteto those of bituminous coal and used primarily as fuel for steam-electricpower generation. It may be dull, dark brown to black, soft and crumbly,at the lower end of the range, to bright, jet black, hard, and relativelystrong, at the upper end. Subbituminous coal contains 20 to 30 percent inherent moisture by weight. The heat content of subbituminous coal rangesfrom 17 to 24 million Btu per short ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat content of subbituminous coal consumed in the United Statesaverages 17 to 18 million Btu per short ton, on the as-received basis (i.e.,containing both inherent moisture and mineral matter).Sulfur Dioxide (SO2): A toxic, irritating, colorless gas soluble in water, alcohol, and ether. Used as a chemical intermediate, in paper pulping and

ore refining, and as a solvent.Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6): A colorless gas soluble in alcohol and ether,

and slightly less soluble in water. It is used as a dielectric in electronics. Itpossesses the highest 100-year Global Warming Potential of any gas(23,900).

Supplemental Gaseous Fuels: Any gaseous s

commingled with natural gas that increased the 

sition. Such substances include, but are not limigas, coke-oven gas, still gas, manufactured ginerts added for Btu stabilization.Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG): (Also referred A manufactured product, chemically similar gas, resulting from the conversion or reforming that may easily be substituted for or interchange

ural gas.Transportation Sector: An energy-consuminvehicles whose primary purpose is transporting one physical location to another. Included are motorcycles; trains, subways, and other rail vbarges, and other waterborne vehicles. Vehiclenot transportation (e.g., construction cranes ancles, and warehouse tractors and forklifts) are their primary use. Note: Various EIA progra

age. For more information see http://www.eia.d/Guideforwebtrans.htm.Unaccounted-for Crude Oil: Represents th

tween the calculated supply and the calculate

The calculated supply is the sum of crude oil pnus changes in crude oil stocks. The calculatethe sum of crude oil input to refineries, crude oas fuel, and crude oil losses.Unaccounted-for Natural Gas: Represents dof the components of natural gas supply and the ural gas disposition. These differences may be the effects of data reporting problems. Reportiences due to the net result of conversions of fltemperatures and pressure bases and converteand pressure base; the effect of variations in coing practices; differences between billing cyclframes; and imbalances resulting from the metems that vary in scope, format, definitions, and 

394 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001
Underground Gas Storage: The use of sub-surface facilities for storing

gas that has been transferred from its original location. The facilities areusually hollowed-out salt domes, geological reservoirs (depleted oil or gasfields) or water-bearing sands topped by an impermeable cap rock(aquifer).Undiscovered Recoverable Reserves (Crude Oil and Natural Gas):Those economic resources of crude oil and natural gas, yet undiscovered,that are estimated to exist in favorable geologic settings.Unfinished Oils: All oils requiring further processing, except those requiring only mechanical blending. Unfinished oils are produced by partial refining of crude oil and include naphthas and lighter oils, kerosene and light

gas oils, heavy gas oils, and residuum.Unfractionated Streams: Mixtures of unsegregated natural gas liquidcomponents, excluding those in plant condensate. This product is extractedfrom natural gas.United States: The 50 States and the District of Columbia. Note: The

United States has varying degrees of jurisdiction over a number of territories and other political entities outside the 50 States and the District of Columbia, including Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, AmericanSamoa, Johnston Atoll, Midway Islands, Wake Island, and the NorthernMariana Islands. EIA data programs may include data from some or all ofthese areas in U.S. Totals. For these programs, data products will containnotes explaining the extent of geographic coverage included under theterm "United States."Uranium: A heavy, naturally radioactive, metallic element (atomic number 92). Its two principally occurring isotopes are uranium-235 and uranium-238. Uranium-235 is indispensable to the nuclear industry because it

is the only isotope existing in nature, to any appreciable extent, that is fissionable by thermal neutrons. Uranium-238 is also important because it absorbs neutrons to produce a radioactive isotope that subsequently decays tothe isotope plutonium-239, which also is fissionable by thermal neutrons.Uranium Concentrate: A yellow or brown powder obtained by the milling of uranium ore, processing of in situ leach mining solutions, or as a byproduct of phosphoric acid production.

Uranium Ore: Rock containing uranium mine

that can be mined economically, typically one 

ton or 0.05 percent to 0.2 percent U3O8.

Uranium oxide: Uranium concentrate or ye

U3O8.

Uranium Resource Categories: Three categorfined by the international community to reflecdence in the existence of the resources. Rea(RAR), estimated additional resources (EAR)(SR) are described below.

Reasonably assured resources (RAR)

known mineral deposits of such size, gracould be recovered within the given produrently proven mining and processing tecnage and grade are based on specific samof the deposits and on knowledge of depRAR corresponds to DOE’s uranium reseEstimated additional resources (EARRAR that is expected to occur, mostly on dence, in extensions of well-explored depposits, and in undiscovered deposits well-defined geological trends with knowcan subsequently be recovered within thmates of tonnage and grade are based on on knowledge of the deposit characteribest-known parts of the deposit or in simcorresponds to DOE’s probable potential Speculative resources (SR): Uranium thought to exist, mostly on the basis of indcal extrapolations, in deposits discoverabtechniques. The location of deposits in be specified only as being somewhere witical trends. The estimates in this categormates of RAR and EAR . Note: SR corrof DOE’s possible potential resources ansources categories.

Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001 
Useful Thermal Output: The thermal energy made available in a combined-heat-and-power system for use in any industrial or commercial process, heating or cooling application, or delivered to other end users, i.e.,

total thermal energy made available for processes and applications otherthan electrical generation.U.S.S.R.: The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics consisted of 15 constituent republics: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia,

Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan,Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. As a political entity, the U.S.S.R.ceased to exist as of December 31, 1991.Vented Natural Gas: Gas released into the air on the production site or atprocessing plants.Vessel Bunkering: Includes sales for the fueling of commercial or privateboats, such as pleasure craft, fishing boats, tugboats, and ocean-going vessels, including vessels operated by oil companies. Excluded are volumessold to the U.S. Armed Forces.Waste Energy: Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, methane, digester gas,liquid acetonitrile waste, tall oil, waste alcohol, medical waste, paper pellets, sludge waste, solid byproducts, tires, agricultural byproducts, closedloop biomass, fish oil, and straw used as fuel.Waxes: Solid or semi-solid materials derived from petroleum distillates orresidues by such treatments as chilling, precipitating with a solvent, orde-oiling. It is a light-colored, more-or-less translucent crystalline mass,slightly greasy to the touch, consisting of a mixture of solid hydrocarbonsin which the paraffin series predominates. Includes all marketable wax,whether crude scale or fully refined. The three grades included aremicrocrystalline, crystalline-fully refined, and crystalline-other. The conversion factor is 280 pounds per 42 U.S. gallons per barrel.Well: A hole drilled in the Earth for the purpose of (1) finding or producing crude oil or natural gas; or (2) producing services related to the production of crude or natural gas.

Wellhead: The point at which the crude (and/or natural gas) exits theground. Following historical precedent, the volume and price for crude oilproduction are labeled as "wellhead," even though the cost and volume are

now generally measured at the lease boundry. crude price data, the term "wellhead" is the genthe production site or lease property.Wellhead price: The value of crude oil or natwell. See Natural Gas Wellhead Price.Well Servicing Unit: Truck-mounted equidownhole services after a well is drilled. Sertions and recompletions, maintenance, repairs, ging and abandonments. Jobs range from pulling the rods and rod pumps out of an oil such as milling out and repairing collapsed casteristics determine the type of equipment used.Western Europe: Includes Austria, BelgiumCroatia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, aly, Luxembourg, Macedonia (The Former YuNetherlands, Norway, Portugal, Serbia and MSweden, Switzerland, Turkey, and the United KWind Energy: Energy present in wind motion chanical energy for driving pumps, mills, and Wind pushes against sails, vanes, or blades rading shaft.Wood Energy: Wood and wood products uswood (cord wood), limb wood, wood chips, bacharcoal, pulp waste, and spent pulping liquor.Working Gas: The volume of gas in the reservcushion or base gas. It may or may not be coany particular withdrawal season. Conditions pcapacity could be used more than once during a

396 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2001
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