U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

BUILDING

MATERIALS

AND

STRUCTURES

REPORT BMS87

A Method for Developing

Specifications for Building

Construction

Report of

Subcommittee on Specifications of

the Central Housing Committee on

Research, Design, and Construction

NATIONAL

BUREAU OF STANDARDS
BUILDING MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES REPORTS

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BMSl Research on Building Materials and Structures for Use in Low-Cost Housing 10^ BMS2 Methods of Determining the Structural Properties of Low-Cost House Constructions. _ 100 BMS3 Suitability of Fiber Insulating Lath as a Plaster Base 10^ BMS4 Accelerated Aging of Fiber Building Boards 100 BMS5 Structural Properties of Six Masonry Wall Constructions 150 BMS6 Survey of Roofing Materials in the Southeastern States 150 ^BMS7 Water Permeability of Masonry Walls 100 BMS8 Methods of Investigation of Surface Treatment for Corrosion Protection of Steel 100 BMS9 Structural Properties of the Insulated Steel Construction Co's. "Frameless-Steel" Constructions for Walls, Partitions, Floors, and Roofs ^ 100 BMSIO Structural Properties of, One of the "Keystone Beam Steel Floor" Constructions Sponsored by the H. H. Robertson Co 100 BMSll Structural Properties of the Curren Fabrihome Corporation's "Fabrihome" Constructions for Walls and Partitions 100 BMS12 Structural Properties of "Steelox" Constructions for Walls, Partitions, Floors, and Roofs

Sponsored by Steel Buildings, Inc 150 BMS13 Properties of Some Fiber Building Boards of Current Manufacture 100 BMS14 Indentation and Recovery of Low-Cost Floor Coverings 100 BMS15 Structural Properties of "Wheeling Long-Span Steel Floor" Construction Sponsored by

Wheeling Corrugating Co 100 BMS16 Structural Properties of a "Tilecrete" Floor Construction Sponsored by Tilecrete Floors,

Inc., 100 BMS17 Sound Insulation of Wall and Floor Constructions : 100 Supplement to BMS17, Sound Insulation of Wall and Floor Constructions 50 BMS18 Structural Properties of "Pre-Fab" Constructions for Walls, Partitions, and Floors Sponsored by the Harnischfeger Corporation 100 BMS19 Preparation and Revision of Building Codes 150 BMS20 Structural Properties of "Twachtman" Constructions for Walls and Floors Sponsored by

Connecticut Pre-Cast Buildings Corporation 100 BMS21 Structural Properties of a Concrete-Block Cavity-Wall Construction Sponsored by the National Concrete Masonry Association 100 BMS22 Structural Properties of "Dun-Ti-Stone" WaU Construction Sponsored by the W. E. Dunn Manufacturing Co 100 BMS23 Structural Properties of a Brick Cavity-Wall Construction Sponsored by the Brick

Manufacturers Association of New York, Inc 100 BMS24 Structural Properties of a Reinforced-Brick Wall Construction and a Brick-Tile CavityWall Construction Sponsored by the Structural Clay Products Institute 100 BMS25 Structural Properties of Conventional Wood-Frame Constructions for Walls, Partitions,

Floors, and Roofs 150 BMS26 Structural Properties of "Nelson Pre-Cast Concrete Foundation" Wall Construction

Sponsored by the Nelson Cement Stone Co., Inc 100 BMS27 Structural Properties of "Bender Steel Home" Wall Construction Sponsored by The

Bender Body Co 100 BMS28 Backflow Prevention in Over-Rim Water Supplies , 100 BMS29 Survey of Roofing Materials in the Northeastern States 100 BMS30 Structural Properties of a Wood-Frame Wall Construction Sponsored by the Douglas

Fir Plywood Association 100 BMS31 Structural Properties of "Insulite" Wall and "Insulite" Partition Constructions Sponsored by The Insulite Co 150

[ List continued on cover page iii ]
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE • Jesse H. Jones, Secretary

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS • Lyman J. Briggs, Director

BUILDING MATERIALS

and STRUCTURES

REPORT BMS87

A Method for Developing Specifications

for Building Construction

Report of Subcommittee on Specifications of the Central Housing Committee

on Research, Design, and Construction

' ISSUED JULY 15, 1942

The National Bureau of Standards is a fact-finding organization;

it does not "approve" any particular material or method of construction. The technical findings in this series of reports are to be construed accordingly

UNITED

FOR SALE

STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE • WASHINGTON • I942

BY THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C. • PRICE lO CENTS
Foreword

This report has been prepared by a committee of representatives from Federal

agencies as a guide for those who write or approve specifications for buUding construction. The object has been to promote efficient preparation and proper arrangement at a minimum outlay of time and labor. The report should aid in bringing about greater

uniformity in specification work.

It is believed that economy and efficiency in building construction, ease of inspection,

and elimination of controversies through better understanding will result from the

reduction of specifications to their technical essence and minimum form.

Lyman J. Bkiggs, Director.

[n]
A Method for Developing Specifications for Building Construction

Report of Subcommittee on Specifications of the Central Housing Committee on

Research, Design, and Construction

Albert G. Bear, Chairman. B. A. Howes, Vice Chairman.

Veterans' Administration. United States Housing Authority.

Mary Fidelia Taylor, Secretary

Frank B. Stevens, Jr., Technical Advisor to Subcommittee.

National Bureau of Standards.

Edwin A. Early,

. Home Owners' Loan Corporation.

T. A. KuNz,

Federal Housing Administration.

T. A. H. Miller,

Bureau of Agricultural Chemistry and

Engineering, represented by J. Robert

Dodge.

Vincent B. Phelan,

National Bureau of Standards.

Clemens J. Poiesz,

Office of Indian Affairs.

R. J. POTBURY,

Yards and Docks (Navy), represented

by William A. Richards.

David K. Robinson,

U. S. Coast Guard (Navy), represented

by Ernest Santangini.

Henry H. Waples,

Public Buildings Administration.

Franklin E. Warner

Office of Chief of Engineers (War)

.

To meet the demand for short and uniform specifica- tions for Government building construction, and in an

attempt to reduce the time and labor now consumed

in their preparation, a representative committee of Federal agencies has made a study of current specification-writing routine. In its report, this Committee

advocates a directive method which, under proper supervision, should condense specifications, bring about important economies, and increase efficiency.

Fundamental principles that have proved of value

over a period of years have been retained and are coordinated in a basic specification which promotes

uniformity and permits choice of those materials and

methods of construction best suited to the specific

project in hand.

Application of the method is made clear by three examples: a model basic specification illustrating the procedure outlined, a typical contemporary specification, and the typical specification rewritten in accord- ance with the method adovcated.

CONTENTS

Page Page

Foreword II Part I. Model basic specifications, masonry 3 Introduction 1 Part II. Typical specifications, masonry 12 Development of bacic specification forms.. 2 Part III. Streamlined specifications, masonry.. 21 Writing specifications, using model basic Specification writer's notes .. 21 form 3 Rewritten specifications, masonry 22 INTRODUCTION

Specifications provide primary buying in- formation for a specific project to buyers in a

specific market at a specific time. They are

therefore of interest to all who design structures.

purchase materials and equipment, or are con- cerned with loans or the allocation of funds in

connection therewith.

During the past few years there has grown

1]
up throughout the building industry an in- sistent demand for shorter and more uniform

specifications applicable to all types of Federal

construction. More recently this demand has

been accentuated by the contingencies of war,

requiring that waste in Federal procedures be

eliminated and that Government offices function at maximum speed without sacrificing

acciu-acy.

In order to work out an acceptable method,

representatives of a number of Govei'nment

agencies organized as a Subcommittee of the

Central Housing Committee on Research,

Design, and Construction to study preparation

routine. After careful comparison of con- temporary specifications issued by more than

a dozen Government sources, this Subcommittee developed a means of accomplishing

brevity and uniformity in format and phraseology.

The method is a connected and logical compilation of essential specification matter which

permits the user to exercise his own judgment

in the selection of materials and workmanship.

It is not a rigid standard of practice that must

be followed in detail, but its systematic use should bring about increased speed and effi- ciency in the preparation of specifications and

in the construction of projects.

DEVELOPMENT OF BASIC SPECIFICATION FORMS

In its study the Subcommittee found that

proper design of specifications results from the

judicious selection, orderly arrangement, and

efficient preparation of the subject matter and

that this can best be achieved through the

systematic use of carefully prepared basic

forms. The style adopted is taken from that

developed by Horace W. Peaslee, Washington

architect, the distinctive features of which are

(1) a mandatory provision concentrated in a

single governing clause and (2) the body of the specification in abbreviated outline form—with

sentence structure eliminated.

The selection of items is governed by the

project under consideration and accordingly

is not subject to standardization. A basic

form of specification should be as broad as possible in its scope, should cover the maximum

number of up-to-date products and methods,

and should include only information that can

be utilized. The order of arrangement should follow

substantially the order in which the specified

work and its interlocking operations proceed. [ Attention to typography and to legibility ; (rather than space economy), to paragraphing

and to captions wiU make for easier reading.

Repetitions should be avoided. Concise factual statements and the use of simple words,

charts, and symbols will aid in understanding

the text. Indexing, cross-referencing, and an- notating will facilitate comparison.

WRITING SPECIFICATIONS, USING

MODEL BASIC FORM

To illustrate the practical application of its 5 recommendations, the Subcommittee developed

the masonry section of a model basic form,

which is presented as part I. The system of numbering and the arrangement of text are for convenience of reference

and selection of specific clauses. Needed in- ^ formation can be readily located. Changes | can be made in this basic form to adapt it to an agency's established policy by choosing

applicable items and by adding desired technical detail. Instructions and notes should not '. appear in the finished document.

In compiling his data the specification writer [ would:

(a) Indicate titles and arrangement of

sections and subsections;

(b) Designate by number the clauses to be copied;

(c) Supply additional mxatter pertinent to the specific project.

To fm-ther illustrate, the Subcommittee se- lected at random a typical masonry specification (part II) from the files of a governmental

agency and, using the model basic form (part

I), rewrote it to produce the streamlined specification given in part III.

[2]
PART I. MODEL BASIC SPECIFICATIONS, MASONRY

.1

.1

.2

.3.4

.5

.6

.2

.3A

.5.6

2-4.

.1.2

.3.4

Scope.—Mention herein or indication on the drawings of articles, materials,

operations, or methods requires that

the contractor provide each item mentioned or indicated, of quality, or subject to qualijfications, noted; perform

according to conditions stated, each

operation prescribed; and provide

therefor all necessary labor, equipment, and incidentals.

See" GeneralConditions," "Special

Conditions," and "Bid Form."

Common Bkick.—Fed. Spec. SS-B656; 2K"X3%"X8"; Class [specify

class, as in .1 and .4J H, for brick [specify loactions, as in

.2 and .3] in contact with earth;

exposed to weather;

M, [specify locations, as in ,5] elsewhere

using only solid brick at sides and

heads of openings.

Sand-Lime Brick.—Fed. Spec. SSB-681 ; 2)^" X3%" X8" ; Class [specify

class, as in .1 and .4] H or M, [specify locations, as in .2 and .3] for back-up work;

for concealed exterior work

H, [specify locations, as in .5] for exposed interior work

for use, at contractor's option, in lieu

of Class M common brick.

Concrete Brick.—Fed. Spec. SSB-663; 2K"X3%"X8"; Class H or M; [specify locations, as in .1 to .3] for back-up work;

for concealed interior work;

for exposed interior work;

for use, at contractor's option, in lieu

of [specify what, as in .5 and .6]

2-4.5

.6.7

2-5.

.1.2

.3

.6

.7

.9.10

.11

.12

.13

Class M common brick,

sand-lime brick.

May be recessed on one bed not

to exceed 10% total brick volume

provided recess not within 1" of any

edge and provided brick laid with

recessed side down.

Exposed Brick.—[Specify kind, as

in .1] common;

selected for color and shape; show

surfaces similar in color and texture,

free from distortion, warpage, cracks,

and other imperfections and with

good corners and edges.

Exterior: [specify color range and

texture or, if selected common brick

is not required, specify maximum al- lowable absorption of water and either

specify color range, texture, and trade

name of type ("enameled," "glaze,"

etc.) or specify trade name of type

and use .4] to match sample on display in office of [specify where sample may be seen]

Note.—If belts or areas of different shades

or textures are required, use .5 to .12 Brick of [specify shade, as in .6 and

7]

lighter

darker

shade and [specify texture, as in

.9 and .10] rough

smooth

texture for [specify locations or use

.12] areas so indicated.

Interior, except where painted:

[specify color range and texture, or,

if selected common brick is not re- quired, either specify color range,

[3]
2-5.13 texture, and trade name of type ("enameled," "glazed," etc.) or specify

trade name of type and use .14] .14 to match the sample on display in

office of [specify where sample may

be seen]

2-6. Molded or Ground Brick.—Color

and texture to match adjacent brick;

accurate size to exact line for [specify

what, as in .1 to .6] .1 sloping sills, .2 water table,

.3 arches,

.4 pattern work,

.5 ornamental work,

.6 special coxu-ses. 2-7. Brick for Fireplace Lining, Facing, AND Front Hearth.—[specify

color, texture, and trade name of

type or use .1 to .3 as the case may be]

.1 similar to [specify what, as in .2 and .3] .2 exposed exterior brick.

.3 exposed interior brick.

2-8. Fire Brick.—Fed. Spec. HH-B671b ; [specify grade, as in .1 and .4]

.1 Back-up Duty Grade, for [specify

locations, as in .2 and .3] ,2 fireplace linings

.3 and imder fires;

.4 Moderate Heat Duty Grade, for [specify locations, as in .5 and .6] .5 chimney linings

.6 incinerator combustion chambers.

2-9. Flue Linings and Thimbles.—

Hard-burned fire clay; free from fractures, large cracks, blisters, and warping ; standard sizes ; sound. Thimbles

for each flue where directed.

2-10. Tile Copings.-—Standard salt-glazed,

with socket joints; sound; free from

fractures, cracks, blisters, and warping; of proper width to overlap wall;

.1 starting pieces,

.2 corner pieces,

•3 special shapes,

.4 closed end pieces,

.6 as required.

2-11. Brick for Paving.^—[Specify type,

as in .1 or .2 to .7] .1 common ; selected for color ; solid ; free from chips and other

.2 Fed. Spec. SS-B-67 la; [specify type,

as in .3 or .4 to .7] .3 repressed lug type.

.4 vertical fiber lug type; [specify size, as in .5 to .7] .5 2K"X4"X8y2".

.6 3"X4"XSK".

.7 3y2"X4"X8K".

2-12. Flashing Blocks.—Hard-burned

terra cotta with diagonal groove

1)^" deep, measured horizontally, to receive flashing ; of size to replace and

course with two courses of brick;

special shapes to provide continuous

groove.

.1 at internal corners.

.2 at external corners.

.3 at internal and external corners. 2-13. Hollow Clay Tile.—[Specify types,

as in .1 and .8]

.1 Load-Bearing: Fed. Spec. SS-T341; Grade M; for [specify locations, as in .2 to .5] .2 exterior walls,

.3 load-bearing partitions,

.4 party walls,

.5 silo construction;

.6 closures, fitters, and special shapes as required

;

.7 designation as "load-bearing" and

name, initials, or trade-mark of manufacturer legibly indented on exterior

of each tUe.

.8 Non-Load-Bearing: Fed. Spec.

SS-T-351; Grade S; for [specify lo- cations, as in .9] .9 non-load-bearing partitions

;

.10 closures, fitters, and special shapes as requu'ed

;

.11 name, initials, or trade-mark of manufacturer legibly indented on exterior

of each tUe.

.12 Tile jor Silo Construction: loadbearing; 6" thick; radial; double sheU

both sides with trough at top to re- ceive steel reinforcing rods; correct

[4]
radius; especially manufactured for

this piu'pose with inner and outer

faces glazed.

2-14. Concrete Masonry Units.—FedSpec. SS-C-621; weight a; [specify

type, as in .1 and .3]

.1 Type I; [use .2 if optional material

and, if not, specify locations, as in

2-13.2 to .5] .2 in lieu of load-bearing hollow clay tile at contractor's option;

.3 Type II ; [use .4 if optional material

and, if not, specify locations, as in

2-13.9]

.4 in lieu of non-load-bearing clay tile at contractor's option;

.5 standard sizes and shapes with clo- sures, fitters, and special shapes as re- quired ; .6 free from deleterious matter that will [use .7 or .8 or both, as the case may be]

.7 stain plaster;

.8 corrode metal;

.9 adequately cured by air, water, or steam before shipment;

.10 test reports showing compliance with

moisture content requirements unless

cured in high-pressure steam;

.11 smooth surfaces of uniform texture where exposed or painted.

.12 Lead Insulated Units: unpierced

sheet of 4-lb lead through center and

extending at least 1}^" on aU four sides

and with cemented-on, not burned or

soldered, anchors for holding masonry

unit segments; masonry unit seg- ments on either side of sheet lead re- movable in part or in whole.

2-15. Gypsum Partition Tile.—Fed. Spec.

SS-T-316; [use .1 if optional material and, if not, specify locations]

.1 in lieu of non-load-bearing hollow

clay tde at contractor's option; [specify exceptions, if any, where gypsu^n

tUe should not be used, as in .2 to

.11]

.2 except in

.3 basements,

.4 first course in partitions,

2-15.5 partitions enclosing toilet rooms,

.6 partitions around bathtubs,

.7 shower-room partitions,

.8 parts of partitions receiving [specify

what, as in .9 to .11]

.9 cement plaster,

.10 lime plaster,

.11 cement base for reception of other

materials.

2-16. Structural Facing Units.—[Specify

conformity to standards, as in .1 to

.10, or use .9 to .28]

.1 First Quality in accordance with

Standard Grading Rules of Brick and

Tile Institute ; [specify finish, as in .2 to .5] .2 ceramic glazed units of [specify color, as in .6 to .8] .3 salt-glazed units of [specify color, as

in .6 to .8] .4 clay coated units of [specify color, as

in .6 to .8] .5 unglazed units of [specify color, as in

.6 to .8 .6 uniform

.7 variable

.8 color [specify color by manufacturer's

name, giving trade name or catalog

number of tile colors and locations of each different color required, or use

.17]

.9 highest structural and mechanical

quality; free from chips, crazes, blisters, crawling, and other imperfections; of fire clay formed into cored

units; coring not less than 25% nor more than 45% of gross sectional area

surfaces to receive setting mortar or

plaster—scored ; crushing strength for load-bearing units not less than 2,500

lb per sq in. of gross bearing area; dimensions as foUows:

Dimensions

Height Length Depth

5

in. 8in. 8in. 12in. 16Hin. IMin. 3%in. 5%in. 8

in.

Maximutn variations in.. Faee area sq. in.. Maximum face plane or edge

distortion in..

Hi

40 He40 He

Me

60 Me

M

60 Me

Me Me

130H

Me

130H

M

130H

[5]
2-16.10 Ceramic Glazed Units for [specify

locations if not shown on drawings]

.11 thoroughly coated; uniform glaze

made vitreous and permanent by

burning; meeting following tests [use

.13 to .15 with or without .12 as the case may be]

.12 when so directed by [specify whom]

.13 Resistance to Crazing {Autoclave

Test): ASTM Standard Spec. Cl26-

39T.

.14 Cause for Rejection: evidence of

crazing, spalling, peeling, cracking, or

stains. Slight discoloration m depressions of matt finish permitted.

.15 Acid Resistance: ASTM Standard Spec. C126-39T. Cause for

rejection—any alteration of color or

luster. .16 Unit Colors: [specify colors in detaU or use .17] .17 corresponding to sample on display

in office of [specify location of sample]

.18 finish [specify finish, as in .19 to

.21]

.19 glossy.

,20 satin.

.21 matt.

.22 Salt-Glaged Units for [specify

locations if not shown on drawings]

.23 smooth, lustrous, light-reflecting glaze

resistive to crayon and pencil marks

and produced by introduction of salt into fire dm"ing bm"ning process; unit

colors [specify colors or use .17] .24 Clay Coated Units for [specify

locations if not shown on drawings]

.25 unit colors [specify colors, or use .17] .26 Unglazed Units for [specify locations if not shown on drawings]

.27 finish similar to highest grade of face

brick without showing extreme dis- colorations when exposed to methylene blue test; unit colors [specify

colors or use .17] .28 Two units of different thicknesses

bonded together for partitions more

than 4" thick; units of same thick- ness bonded every course with cor- rugated or crimped ties not over 8"

.29

.30

.31 .32

.33 .34

.35 .36

.37

.38

.39 .40

.41 .42

.43 .44 .45

.46

.47

.48 .49

. 50

. 51

. 52

. 53

. 54

. 55

. 56

. 57

. 58

o. c. or with continuous wire mesh

ties; Special shapes as required for

[specify what, as in .30 to .36]

sills

,

coves,

caps, molds,

jambs,

head retm^ns,

starters

;

rounded external corners except where

otherwise shown; rounded internal corners not required.

Bases with square bottom edge

in connection with

cement

resilient floor finishes. Bases with cove bottom edge in connection with

tile. terrazzo. Face sizes not less than [specify

limits, as in .46] 5" x 8" nor more than 6" x 12".

Thickness

3%",

5%",

8",

or as otherwise required.

Mortar joints

%" thick,

%" thick,

natural,

colored,

white

2-17. Glass Building Units.

Note.—If glass building units are included

in Masonry, select applicable clauses for the material from section of the Basic Specifications and incorporate at this point in finished specifications.

2-18. Slate for Damp Courses.—Fed.

Spec. SS-S-451, Grade A; sawed

edges; split faces; fuU width of wall;

not less than Ke" uniform thickness.

2-19. Slate for Window Sills.—Fed.

Spec. SS-S-451, Grade A; exposed

surfaces planed; other faces spUt;

[6]
other edges sawed; not less than Iji"

uniform thickness; one piece unless

otherwise shown.

Pre-Cast Concrete Chimney

Caps.—Fed. Spec. SS-S-721, Type I; reinforcements Fed. Spec. QQ-B-71a,

Type B, Grade 1, 2, or 3; beds and

joints at right angles to face; arrises sharp and true; cured and seasoned

before deliveiy.

Stone for Trim.

Note.—If amount of stone justifies, omit

from Masonry and include in separate sec- tion in finished specifications.

1 Standard Buff limestone with smooth machine finish

show sm-faces free from tool marks;

2 light-gray granite of fine or medium

grain with 4 cut finish on show surfaces: 3 grade buff-brown

sandstone with smooth finisli show

surfaces free from clay pits

4 beds and joints at right angles to

face; arrises sharp and true; 5 lugs, seats, washes, and drips on window sills; 6 drips at least %" wide and deep.

Pre-Cast Concrete Trim.—Fed.

Spec. SS-S-721, Type I; reinforcements Fed. Spec. QQ-B-71a, Type B,

Grade 1, 2, or 3; beds and joiats at

right angles to face; arrises sharp and

true; cured and seasoned before delivery.

Sheet Lead.—Fed. Spec. QQ-L^201.

Mortar Materials.

Note.—If mortars are included in finished masonry specifications, select applicable

clauses for mortar materials from section

of the Basic Specifications and

incorporate at this point in finished specifi- cations. Through-Wall Flashings.

Note.—For metal through-wall flashings, see section of the Basic Specifications. For other types, see section If through-wall flashings (except metal) are to be laid in trowelled-on mortar bed by the mason, select applicable clauses covering

materials from section of the Basic

Specifications and incorporate at this point

in finished specifications.

2-26. Anchors and Ties.—To secure masonry to backing or adjoining construction ; Note.—Use of critical materials should be

restricted in accordance with Agency in- structions.

. 1 wire mesh—16 gage, mesh, 3"

wide;

. 2 wire—not less than 1 1 gage, looped

at each end.

. 3 corrugated or crimped metal

wide, at least 22 gage;

. 4 dovetail type for use in slots or in- serts—at least 9 gage;

.5 bars—steel or wrought iron, 1%"

wide by %" thick with end lugs

turned up at least 2";

. 6 rods—steel or wrought iron, %"

diameter with ends bent 2" or with

2" diameter rings, each end; [specify

protective coating, as in .7 to .9]

. 7 cement coated.

. 8 bituminous coated.

. 9 dip coated with lead-in-oil paint.

. 10 hot-dip zinc coated.

2-27. Mortar.

Note.—If mortar materials are included

(see 2-24. above), select applicable clauses

for proportions, mixing, etc., from section

of the Basic Specifications and

incorporate at this point in finished specifications. 2-28. Samples.—As foUows to [specify

whom]

Note.—Specify what samples are required, the number, size, etc., of each, as in .1 to .7 and when required.

. 1 Brick: all shapes, sizes, and kinds

in sufficient number to show fuU

range of colors.

. 2 Brick Panel: built where directed on site; 6' 0" long, 4' 0" high,

and 4" thick; showing required

shape, size, and type of brick, full range of colors, bond, and mortar

joint.

. 3 Panel numbers on drawings refer to sample panels on display at

[specify where]

464530°—42 2 [7]
2-28. 4 which indicate general colors and

textures required.

. 5 Flashing Block: two

. 6 Hollow Clay Tile: two each of

all types and grades.

. 7 Concrete Masonry Units: two

each type.

. 8 Gypsum Partition Tile: two

. 9 Structural Facing Units: each

type in sufficient number to show

sizes, range of colors in fields, borders, etc. Note.—Include slate, pre-cast concrete,

stone, mortar materials, glass blocks, and

other materials as required by specific

project.

2-29. Brickwork.^—Plumb; true to lines; combes level; reveals and corners, plumb and true; each coiu-se laid as through course with no vertical joint

in any one covnse directly over

vertical joint in course next below;

each brick shoved into place, not

laid, in full unfurrowed bed of

mortar; all horizontal and vertical

joints completely filled with mortar

as, or when, laid

;

; 1 back joint against [specify what, as

in .2 to .5]

. 2 concrete,

. 3 metal,

. 4 hoUow clay tUe,

. 5 concrete masonry units,

. 6 slushed, grouted, or shoved full as course is laid;

. 7 inside face of [specify what, as in

.8]

. 8 stone facings

. 9 parged as facing units are laid, fol- lowed immediately by backing.

. 10 spaces under and behind metal cas- ings and stools—filled solid with

mortar

;

; 11 jambs and heads of frames—filled solid with mortar;

. 12 corbelled courses to project not over 1" beyond course next below;

. 13 chases and reglets free from mortar

or debris at completion.

. 14 Walls laid in [specify bond, as in .15 to .18]

2-29. 15 common bond, i. e. running bond,

whole stretchers overlapping each

other by Yi brick, with course of

whole headers every 6th course.

. 16 English bond, i. e. alternating cotu-ses of whole stretchers, overlapping each

other by K brick, and headers with

whole headers every 3d course.

. 17 Flemish bond, i. e. alternating headers

and whole stretchers in each course so arranged as to appear in vertical lines in every other course, with whole

headers every 3d course.

. 18 running bond, i. e. whole stretchers

overlapping by )^ brick and tied to- gether and to backing with wire, cor- rugated or crimped ties on alternating

brick in every 3d course.

. 19 Only hard, well-burned brick for

first 6 courses exterior brickwork

above and adjacent to or below grade

line.

. 20 Brick with greater than 12%

absorption wetted 24 hours before

laying except in freezing weather.

No freshly wetted brick, or brick

with film of water or frost, laid.

. 21 Face Work: accurately spaced

courses laid out with story rod ; bond

plumb, laid out and adjusted with no

terminating brick at corner or opening less than brick size; vertical

joints slightly thinner than horizontal; free from stains, smears, and dirt at completion;

Note.—Use .22 for Flemish bond only.

. 22 headers carefully centered to plumb

lines.

. 23 Unfinished Work: stepped back

for joining new work; toothed only

when approved by [specify whom]

. 24 swept clean; loose mortar removed;

thoroughly wetted from 12 to 24

hours before laying new work.

. 25 Joints in Face Work: approximately Yi" wide;

. 26 natural color mortar;

. 27 struck;

. 28 concave;

; 29 weathered;

[8]
2-29. 30 raked back

.31 flush and rodded;

. 32 formed with suitable tools after

mortar has taken initial set.

. 33 Other Joints: flush in exposed

work ;

. 34 raked back %" where plastered

.35 or stuccoed.

. 36 Cavity Walls: stretcher facing

tied to backing with rod ties in horizontal joints, using one tie at least every 3 sq ft in general. Ties 12"

apart horizontaUy above and below

openings; 12" apart vertically within

8" of opening jambs; two horizontally and 18" vertically in piers between openings and between openings and wall ends. Weep holes and

vents tested on completion of each

waU, by rvmning water into space

back of facing to demonstrate free flow through vent holes, and drilled as necessary to un-plug.

. 37 Veneer: stretcher facing anchored

to backing with

. 38 20d nails

. 39 crimped metal or rod ties .40 spaced not over 36" /apart horizontally and bonded into horizontal

joints every 5th course; weep holes

drilled as necessary to un-plug at completion.

. 41 Interior facing tied to masonry

backing with one wire-mesh or corru- gated-metal looped wire for each 2 sq

ft, extending at least 4" into masonry

backing and within }^" of outer face

of facing.

. 42 Exterior facing tied to concrete backing with a row of dovetailed

anchor ties in every 4th course spaced

16" apart horizontally. Note.—Specify slots for dovetailed ties under section "Concrete Work."

; 43 Centering for arches [specify centering required or use .42 as the

case may be]

; 44 will be provided as specified under

"Carpentry."

2-30. Hollow Clay Tile Work—Concrete Masonry Unit Work—Gyp- sum Tile Work.—Plumb to lines; in

full bed of mortar; vertical joints

breaking approximately at middle of tUe in course next below; courses bonded at corners and intersections;

cells horizontal except may be vertical at pipes or conduits ; no cells left open

in wall surfaces; brick fill-ins as re- quired for [specify what, as in .1 to

.4] .1 securing plumbing or other fixtures,

.2 filling out corners,

.3 gable slopes,

.4 bearing for joists and beams.

.5 Exterior Wall Back-up: without

horizontal joints continuous through

to face of wall; so as to provide positive water stop ; inside face of back-up

back of [specify what, as in .6 and

.7] .6 facing brick

.7 stone work

.8 parged as facing units are laid.

.9 Wetting: hoUow clay tile with

greater than 12% absorption, wetted

24 hours before laying except in freez- ing weather. No freshly wetted tile or tUe with fihn of water or frost laid. .10 Partitions: 4" thick unless otherwise shown; bonded or anchored to any other adjacent masonry with

wire mesh, corrugated metal, bar or rod ties in every other course extending

,11 4" into concrete

.12 8" into brickwork

.13 12" into hollow masonry

.14 and spaced

.15 16" apart vertically for 4" thick

partitions,

.16 24" apart verticaUy for partitions

thicker than 4".

.17 Partitions to extend from floor to

ceiling [specify locations, as in ,18 to .21] .18 along corridors

,19 aroimd elevator shafts

,20 aroimd pipe shafts;

[9]
-30.21

.22

.23

.24

.25

.26

.27

.28

.29

.30

.31

2-31.

2-33.

2-34.

where lead insulated units are used;

elsewhere to suspended ceilings where same occur, unless otherwise shown;

joints at ceilings wedged and slushed

full of mortar from both sides. .1 Interior Channel Spaces of Col- .2 umns: filled in solid, using special .3 shapes as required for this purpose. .4 Reinforced Lintels: of [specify,

what, as in .26 and .27]

hollow clay tile; 2-32. concrete masonry units; over all openings except where steel

lintels occur; extended at least 8" on

each side of opening; cells horizontal,

filled with 1:2:4 mix concrete and re- inforced fidl lintel length with one %" rod through each top and bottom

cell of multiple-cell width tile and

two rods in top cell and two in bottom

cell of single-cell width tUe. Lead Insulated Units: all projecting edges of lead sheets over- lapped with adjacent sheets in all joints and at aU door frames, etc.; partitions underlaid with continuous

4-lb sheet lead strip full width, con- tinuous under door frames and thresholds and with end joints lapped at

least 2".

Partitions tested at completion

with portable X-ray machine having

capacity to emit a ray of penetrating

value equal to X-ray machine to be

permanently installed. Work cor- rected and retested which shows Xray leakage or absorption less than

absorption obtained through 4-lb sheet lead. Furring Units tied to masonry

backing with one wire-mesh, corru- gated-metal, or looped-wire tie for each

2 sq' ft, extending at least 4" into

masonry backing and to within of

outer face of furring unit. 2-37.

Structural Facing Unit Work.—

Plumb to lines; in full bed of mortar;

vertical joints breaking approximately at middle of unit in course next

below; courses bonded at corners and

2-35.

2-36.

intersections; anchored to concrete and other masonry; joints uniform

width, tooled slightly concave; chipped or spalled glaze not accepted.

WaUs

and wainscots

built with full courses. Cutting units: with power saw to straight, clean-cut joints; as required

for built-in work.

Glass Building Unit Work.

Note.—If glass building units are to be in- cluded in "Masonry," select applicable

clauses for installation of same from section

of the Basic Specifications and

incorporate at this point in finished specifi- cations. Slate Window Sills.—Tamped to sohd bearing on full bed of mortar

entire length; to project at least %"

beyond exterior face of waU.

Slate Damp Courses.—^Tamped to

solid bearing on fuU bed of mortar

entire length; flush with wall face

both sides; and joints butted snug

Note.—Use .1 for two layers,

and staggered.

Stone Trim.

Note.—If stone for trim is included under

"Masonry" (see 2-21.), select applicable

clauses for installation of same from section

of the Basic Specifications and

incorporate at this point in finished specifi- cations. Flue Linings.—FuU height of chimney, starting 2' 0" below lowest

smoke entrance, one section ahead of masonry; full mortar beds; space between linings and brickwork slushed

full of mortar as work progresses;

joints close and struck flush on inside;

thimbles neatly fitted with full mortar

joints struck flush; flues free from

surplus materials and debris.

Through-Wall Flashings.

Note.—For clauses covering installation of metal through-wall flashings see section

of the Basic Specifications. If through-wall flashings (except metal) are to be laid in trowelled-on mortar bed by

mason, and are included under this section

[10]
in the finished specifications (see 2-25.), use the following.

2-37.1 on solid bed of trowelled-on mortar

entire length; end joints lapped at

least 6" and made tight with plastic

cement between layers, over top

layer and under bottom layer; solid

continuous trowelled-on bed of mortar on top for reception of masonry

over. Note.—Weep holes, if required, should be

specified at this point.

2-38. Paving-Bkick Woek.—Laid on edge

with close joints in dry mixture of

cement and sand ; tamped solidly into

place; grouted to fill all joints. Note.—For clauses covering paving base,

expansion joints in paving, etc., see sec- tions and of the Basic

Specifications.

2-39. Fire-Brick Work.—Plumb; true to

line; courses level; no vertical joint in

any one course directly over vertical

joint in course next below; joints not

over Ys" thick struck flush;

.1 tie to backing with metal ties not over 16" o. c. both ways.

2^0. Radial Brick.

Note.—If radial brick is to be included in the "Masonry" section, select applicable

clauses from section of the Basic

Specifications and incorporate at this point

in finished specifications.

2-41. • Incinerators.—Submit shop drawings.

2-42. Built-in Items.—As work progresses; following items provided as

specified under other sections:

; 1 sheet metal,

. 2 loose structural steel,

. 3 metal chimney caps,

. 4 anchors and ties,

. 5 sleeves,

. 6 thimbles,

. 7 frames,

. 8 inserts,

. 9 wall plugs,

. 10 blocking,

. 11 grounds,

. 12 furring.

2-43. Cutting

quired to others.

2-44.

2-45.

2-46.

and Patching.—As

accommodate work

re-of

Protection.—Surfaces not being

worked on—from frost; tops of walls

at end of each day or when rain or snow is imminent—by covering with

strong waterproof membrane well

secured in place.

Pointing.-—On completion of work,

filling all holes and joints in ex- posed masonry.

Cleaning Down Building.—At

completion, leaving masonry clean,

free from mortar, in good condition,

and with tight mortar joints; rinsed

with clean water before and after cleaning.

[11]

I

I
PART II. TYPICAL SPE

MoRrAR.—Mortar and its ingredients shall be

as specified in section

Fire brick shall be laid in plastic fire clay,

unless otherwise specified.

Enanieled brick shall be laid with class VIII

mortar.

Flue linings and thimbles shall be laid with

the same class of mortar as used in adjacent

masonry.

All brickwork not otherwise specified shall be

laid with class VI mortar.

Common Brick.—All brickwork not otherwise

shown or specified shall be laid with common

brick.

Where used for face work in spaces 3-3, 3-4,

3-10, and in all stair halls, the brick shall be

selected common brick. All other common

brick where used for interior face work may

be unselected common brick.

Sand-lime brick, complying with ASTM

Specification C-73-30, Grade B, may be used

as common brick, except for selected common

brick.

All exposed brick on and about the exterior

of the building and corridor, including same in

porches, shall be similar and equal to the sample

panel on file in the office of the Commissioner of

Architecture at Blank St., Blank City, Blank

State. In all rooms or spaces, where "F. Br." (or

similar term) is called for in the Schedules of

Interior Finishes, aU such interior face brick

and also the brick linings of radiator recesses

shall be a smooth-faced, iron spot brick similar

and equal to John Doe Co.'s #116M or Richard

Roe Brick Co.'s D Grade Cream or equal as approved, and shall not show any evidence of

flashing or strips along edges of exposed faces. All other interior face brickwork shall be laid

with common brick.

In addition to special-shaped brick required

for arches, pattern work, and other special

features, special shapes shall be furnished for

FICATIONS, MASONRY

all special brick watertables or elsewhere where ! so indicated on the drawings or required.

AU vertical external comers of the Doe or i Roe, or equal, interior smooth iron spot face

brick shall have bullnose comers, except in

those radiator recesses which have hoUow metal

jamb trim.

Jamb brick shall be 3% inches wide to maintain uniform width of joints, and unless otherwise shown all external vertical comers and all window stools shall be formed with bullnose

brick of about 1-inch radius.

Brick packed in cartons containing more than one brick shall have separators, not less than

3% by 8 inches in size, inserted between all brick.

General.—Common brick shall be standard

size. They shall be reasonably uniform in

shape and size and shall be well burned, as attested by a clear metallic ring when any two

brick are struck together. They shall be

homogeneous in structure throughout and

entirely free from lamination planes, cracks, or ; voids.

Tests.—Common brick shall comply with

ASTM Specification C62-30, Grade B.

Bats.—The number of bats used shall not

exceed 10 percent of the number of whole bricks

laid, and no bats shall be laid as headers nor in any face of a wall unless so required by the

design.

Face Work.—Where used for face work, com- mon brick shall be selected for quality, shape,

and color. Hollow Brick.—HoUow brick shall be of

similar quality and size as common brick, shall have scored faces, and the total area of perforations shall not exceed one-third of the cross- sectional area of the brick.

Face Brick.

General.—Face brick shall be standard size unless otherwise specified, shall be hard, durable,

well-made brick of approved make, brand, and

color or shade. In general, and unless otherwise

[12]
approved, the colors shall be the natural colors

produced by the clay and by the process of

manufacture. Interior face brick other than

red brick shall be packed in paper cartons, and

no chipped brick will be accepted. Brick used

for face work, either common or face brick,

shaU be handled by tongs or by hand and in a manner to prevent damage to the brick.

Parapet Walls.—Back of parapet walls shall have face brick on all exposed surfaces unless

otherwise specified.

Special Shapes.—Unless otherwise shown or

specified, all special-shaped brick required for

face work shall be of the same make, quality,

color, and texture as the brick with which they

are to be used, and shall have profiles as shown

on the drawings. All such brick shall be

molded or ground to the required shape, but

ground surfaces shall not be exposed in the work.

Molded brick at interior and exterior angles

shall be with solid returns (not mitered)

.

Samples. —The contractor shall submit for approval not less than 20 full-size brick showing the full range of color, texture, and other

physical properties. Each brick shall be given

a number for identification, and duplicate

samples bearing the corresponding numbers

shall be kept on file by the manufacturer.

Enameled Bhick.—Enameled brick shall be

well made, shall be of a standard, approved

color, and shall include all standard special

shapes as shown on the drawings or required by

the work. All exposed surfaces of the brick shall be covered with a hard, durable enamel that

win not peel or discolor and that will not be

affected by sulfuric, nitric, or hydrochloric

acids, even in concentrated form.

Fire Brick and Fire Clay.

Fire Brick shall fulfill the requirements of

ASTM Specification C27-20 for Low Heat Duty

Fire Brick.

Fire Clay shall consist of refractory clay or mixtures of equal quality to that used in the

manufacture of the fire brick.

Flue Linings and Thimbles.

Materials.—Flue linings and thimbles shall be manufactured from refractory clay or mixtures, shall be well burned, sound, and the inner

surfaces shall be smooth. Wher^ indicated on

the drawing or specified for flues to carry fumes.

the inner surfaces shall be given a uniform salt glaze.

Sizes.—Flue linings shall be of the nominal

dimensions indicated on the drawings and shall have thimble openings where required.

Thimbles shall be of sizes shown or directed and

shall extend from lining to face of masonry,

including plastering if any.

Each piece shall contain no structural defects,

shall be 24 inches long, except round flues 27

inches or more in diameter, which shall be 30

or 36 inches long, and shall conform to the fol- lowing minimum weights and dimensions:

RECTANGULAR FLUES

Nominal Outside Tliickness Weiglit dimensions dimensions

in. in. Iblft 4X8 4}ix8}/^ % 11 4X12 4MX13 Vs 18 8X8 8MX8H % 18 8X12 8HX13 % 27 8X18 8J^X18 % 36 12X12 13X13 % 35 12X18 13X18 % 45 18X18 18X18 69 20X20 20X20 m 103 24X24 24X24 129

RdUND FLUES

Nominal Inside Thickness Weight

diameter diameter

in. in. in. lb/ft 6 6 % 11 8 8 M 17

10 10 Vi 27

12 12 37

15 15 m 52

18 18 IM 67

20 20 m 90

22 22 110 24 24 m 120

27 27 2 186

30 30 2H 218

33 33 2H 315

36 36 2K 330

Field Samples.—The contractor shall construct, for approval, field samples of face brick

as directed. The samples shall be not less than

5 feet long by 3 feet high, and the brickwork

shall be laid up in accordance with these specifications, or as directed. The approved sample

shall be maintained intact until its removal has

been directed.

Dimensions.—A reasonable additional thickness, over the figured dimensions shown, wiU be

permitted in brickwork, but no change shall be

made in the outside dimensions of the building.

The contractor shall be responsible for all dimensions and shall adjust other contingent work

so as to conform to the brickwork.

[13]
Workmanship.

Laying Brick.—All brick shall be laid uniformly one scaffold high at a time, except where

otherwise approved. Except where otherwise

shown on the drawings, all brickwork shall be

carried up plumb, faces of walls laid to a line and bed joints level. Interior face brick shall have each line of vertical face joints plumb and

in true alinement. Each brick, except pressed

brick or firebrick, shall be laid with a full bed

of mortar, shoved into place, and the joints of

each course shall be slushed full of mortar before

the succeeding course is laid. The exposed

ends of hollow brick shall be closed with mortar.

Parging.—The back of all exterior face brick,

except headers, shall be parged to a thiclmess of

approximately Yi iach with mortar.

Starting New Work.—When starting work at a new level, the existmg masonry shall be

cleaned of all loose mortar or other materials and

shall be thoroughly wetted.

Brick.—All brick shall be damp when laid. Brick having an absorption coefficient of more

than 5 percent shall be thoroughly drenched

with water if laid when the atmospheric temperature is more than 50° F. Freezing Weather.—Brickwork shall not be

laid in freezing weather, except as approved and

when the work is adequately protected from the

elements to safeguard the brickwork from

damage.

Protection shall be provided at all times as necessary to prevent damage to the work by

storms or freezing. The tops of all walls not

completed or protected by other permanent

work shall be constantly protected with suitable

covering durmg periods of suspension of work.

Projections and angles exposed to damage shall be boxed or otherwise protected to prevent

damage.

Height of Courses.—Except where otherwise

shown on the drawings or where required to member with other work, brickwork other than

interior face brick shall be laid nine courses to a

height of 24% inches. Split com'ses will not be

permitted in face work. Where the coursing of

existing brickwork permits, the coursing of the

new work shall conform to the joints of the

existing work. Interior face brick other than

common brick shall be laid with %-inch joints

unless otherwise shown or specified.

Sca^olding.—All face brick, or common brick

used for face work, shall be laid from scaffolding

erected on the side of the wall on which the

face brick occurs. Bond.—Except where otherwise shown, exterior

face-work bond shall consist of stretchers and

every sixth course of full headers.

Except where otherwise shown or required,

Ulterior face brick shall be laid in riuming bond.

Except where otherwise shown or specified,

brickwork shall be laid in common bond with

every sixth course of full headers. The bonding

shall extend through the wall from face to face. Where both faces of walls 8 inches thick are exposed, all brick in every sixth course shall be

bonded with metal ties. Where Flemish bond

is required the headers in every third course

shall be full length. Running bond or other

brickwork which is impracticable to bond with

brick headers, shall be bonded to backing with

wall ties, using one tie for not more than one

square foot of brick facing. Interior face

brick other than common brick shall be bonded

with metal ties unless otherwise shown or

specified.

Joints.—Joints in exposed faces of unselected

common brickwork, if laid with clay brick, may

be flush cut or struck. Joints in exposed faces

of brickwork, if laid with sand-lime brick, shall be struck with a rubber boot heel so as to bond

the brick and mortar. Joints of all other ex- posed brickwork shall be finished as specified.

Joints in exposed faces of brickwork shall be

struck with an egg-shaped jointer unless otherwise directed. Brickwork which is to be plastered, or covered with other materials, shall have flush cut-off joints. Joints above projecting courses shall be weathered as directed.

Interior face brick shall be concave jointed as approved.

Arches.

General.—Brick arches shall be laid as shown

on the drawings. All arches shall be turned

over suitable centers, which shall not be struck

until the mortar has set hard enough to support

the superimposed loads.

Skewbacks.—Arches shall spring from the

extreme ends of centers and shall have skewbacks cut to provide full radial bearings at ends.

[14]
Rowlock Arches shall be turned over aU openings not provided with steel lintels. Openings

up to 4 feet wide shall have not less than three

rowlocks, with one rowlock added for each 2

feet, or fraction thereof, increase in span. They

shall be the full thickness of the wall, or of the

backing where facework is shown.

Face Arches shall be constructed with ground

or molded arch brick with the center line of

joints on radial lines. The edges of a joint shall be parallel and all joints shall be of uniform

width. Flat arches shall be constructed with a camber of Ke inch per foot of width. Face

arches shall be bonded to backing with a metal

tie in each radial joint.

Pattern Work.—Pattern work shall be laid up

as shown on the drawings. The work shall include all ornamental design, quoins, rowlock or

soldier courses and shall conform to detail

drawings. Intricate pattern work may be

fabricated on the flat, backed with metal lath

and mortar, and set in units.

Fireplaces.

Materials.—The facing of fireplace shall be

with exterior face brick unless otherwise specified, and aU unexposed brickwork shall be laid

with common brick. The lining of fire chamber

shall be with fire brick, laid in fire clay, unless

otherwise specified or noted on the drawings.

Hearth shall be constructed of the materials

indicated on the drawings, conforming to the

specifications of said materials and workmanship as specified for the items of work involved.

Arch.—Where arches are shown, the brick

shall be constructed as specified.

Other Materials and workmanship required

in the construction of fireplaces are specified

in connection with the trade involved.

Workmanship.—The laying of common brickwork, setting of metal throat, and construction

of flue shall be done in connection with adjacent

brick walls. Bond.—Common brick backing shall be provided with wall ties on each brick of every sixth or seventh com-se to provide a bond for face

brick.

Fire Chamber lining shaU be approximately

4 inches thick and shall be laid as specified for other similar brickwork.

Face Brick shall be laid in pattern as shown

in detail drawings, with joints pointed as shown

or specified.

Smoke Chamber.—The space around the metal

smoke chamber shall be solidly filled with brickwork. The top of smoke chamber shaU be

connected to flue with flue lining of the size shown for the flue; and, unless otherwise shown,

the offset, where required, shall be constructed on an angle of 45 degrees.

Flues.

Built in with Adjacent Work.—Brick flues and

flue lining shall be built in with the adjacent

work.

Thimbles.—The contractor shall provide and

set terra cotta thimbles of sizes and at locations

shown on the drawings. Thimbles shall finish

flush with plaster or other finished surfaces.

Workmanship.—All flues shall be laid up

straight, unless otherwise shown or required,

shall be of uniform size throughout and smooth

inside. Particular care shall be used to insure

that flue linings and thimbles are completely

and solidly backed with masonry.

Vent Shafts.—All brick shafts shown on the

drawings shall be constructed with all appiu-te- nances as shown.

Waterproofing Protection.—All waterproofing on walls shall be protected by brickwork or

solid cinder concrete block not less than 3%

inches thick. The masonry units shall be laid

up with class VI mortar, and the top shall be

capped with a mortar wash.

Solid cinder concrete blocks shall be made of

Portland cement and clean cinder aggregates

in such proportion as to develop, at the age of

28 days, an ultimate crushing strength of not

less than 750 pounds per square inch when

tested with the blocks on edge. Cinders shall not exceed % inch in diameter.

Pockets, Chases, Etc.

General.—Pockets, chases, recesses, and other

breaks in brickwork shall be constructed where

and as shown on the drawings or in accordance

with instructions given prior to the laying of

brickwork.

Keys for Partitions.—Where hoUow tile partitions abut brick walls, pockets shall be

formed so that every alternate tile will bond 4

inches into the brickwork.

Temporary Openings To Be Closed.—Pockets,

[ 15 ]
openings, etc., in brickwork, formed for the

concealment of other work, shall be closed with

brick masonry after such other work has been

installed and when directed.

Built-in Work.

General.—Work required to be built in with

the brickwork, including anchors, wall plugs,

and other accessories, shall be built in as the

brickwork progresses. Unless otherwise re- quired by the design, all spaces about built-in

work shall be completely and solidly filled with

masonry.

Regleis for flashings, where shown or directed,

shall be raked out 1}^ inches deep.

Bucks, frames, and other built-ra work shall be maintained in their proper position, and no

braces or stays shall be removed from same

xmiH they are securely supported and fastened

by the masonry.

Setting Plates, Etc.

Bearing Plates, lintels, and similar steel members shall be set and solidly bedded in mortar

in their designed positions.

Column Bases shall be solidly grouted after

the columns have been erected, plumbed, and

permanently stayed in position.

Wood Plates resting on masonry shall be bedded in mortar and set in their designed positions.

Cleaning.

General.—After the completion of laying and

of other adjacent work liable to soil the brickwork, all face work shall be thoroughly cleaned.

Method.—The cleaning shall, in general, be

with water and bristle brushes. Any acids

used shall be a weak solution that will not damage any of the materials with which it comes in

contact and shall be completely removed with

clear water. Wire brushes shall not be used

for cleaning brickwork. The cleaning operations shall, in all cases, start at the top and

proceed downward.

Pointing Window and Door Frames.^—All

window and door frames set in masonry walls

shall be pointed on the inside with class III mortar.

Anchors and Wall Ties.

Materials.—Type A anchors shall be formed

of %-inch by 2-inch flat steel bars 30 inches long,

exclusive of bent ends, and with each end bent

up 2 inches.

[

Wall Ties shall be formed of not lighter than

No. 20 gage galvanized iron, shall be crimped or t

te provided with equal approved anchorage, and ( l( shaU be not less than %-inch wide by 6 inches long.

Type F ties shall be formed of not lighter than s K No. 12 gage galvanized or cadmium-plated sheet 5 ii steel not less than 1 inch wide, shall have ends \

ii bent in hook form, and shall be of length re- quired by the facing material; or if wire inserts ), Ii are used, the ties shall be formed of not lighter i » than No. 1 1 gage galvanized or cadmium-plated i 1 wire loops. ? Ii Where Required.—Where brickwork is carried 1 C up more than 4 feet above adjacent brickwork

required to be bonded to same, type A anchors : m shall be buUt in on not exceeding 2-foot centers, .1 ^ with one-half the length of the anchor projecting s n for future bonding. j j

Wall ties shall be provided for bonding face

brick to brick backing, except where brick ( c headers are used. One tie shall be placed on > k each brick in every sixth course. 1 i Wall ties shall be provided for bonding furriag S blocks or tile veneer to brick walls where the

height of wall exceeds 11 feet. The ties shall 1 0 be set and built in at the required height to ; iti coincide with the horizontal joints of the tUe t work and shall be set on not exceeding 2-foot ji 0 centers in both directions. No wall ties are : si required for walls 11 feet or less ia height. | ti Type F ties shall be provided for bonding « brick or tile veneer to type D anchors in con- | si Crete walls. Tne furnishing and setting of type 1 0 D anchors are specified in section Type j F ties shall be placed in each type D anchor not more than 12 inches apart vertically. " ] Standard Hollow Blocks.

General.—Standard hollow tile shall be manu- li factured from surface clay, shale, fire clay, or d admixtures thereof ; shall be well burned, reason- : l ably free from laminations and from suph 1 ' cracks, blisters, surface roughness, and other l

' defects as would impair their strength or pre- ' ' vent the proper setting of the tile. i Concrete Blocks may be used for interior non- 8 load-bearing partitions where shown as hollow «

tile. The blocks shall be made of portland ! t cement and clean cinder aggregates in such j 1 proportion as to develop, at the age of 28 days, i f an ultimate crushing strength per square inch of t gross area of not less than 300 pounds when

[

!
tested with the cells placed either vertically or

horizontally.

Surfaces of tile or concrete blocks to be

covered with stucco or plaster shaU be a sui-face suitable to provide a good bond for the mortar.

All other exposed surfaces shall be smooth.

Properties.—Except as otherwise specified

below, load-bearing tile shall fulfill the requirements of ASTM Specification C34-30, for Medium Class, and non-load-bearing tile shall

fulfill the requirements of ASTM Specification

C56-30, for Medium Class.

Load-Bearing Tile shall have over-all thick- ness of exterior shells of not less than % inch and

webs not less than % inch. Scoring shall be not more than %6 inch in depth, nor cover more

than 50 percent of the exterior area of the units.

Partition Tile shall have over-all thickness of exterior shells of not less than % inch and interior

webs not less than }^ inch. Scoring shall be not more than % inch in depth, nor cover more than

50 percent of the exterior area of the units.

Laying Out.-—Partitions shall be laid out with

one course of blocks to define the spaces, location of doors and other openings, and to serve

as a guide for other trades in the installation of conduits, pipes, etc. Sufficient opportunity

shall be given to the various trades, or contractors, to install built-in work before proceeding with the partitions. This contractor

shall buUd in aU such work and shall leave

openings where required for testing, etc., after

which they shall be built in. Mortar. —Hollow tUe shall be laid in class VI mortar.

Laying Tile.—Hollow tile shall be laid in

horizontal courses with vertical joints broken

not less than 3 uiches. Each block as laid shall be solidly bedded in mortar, with vertical joints

well filled, and shall be shoved to a bearing

with as close a joint as is consistent with good

workmanship, pointing up and filling all crevices. Face of walls shall be carried up plumb

and true. Tile adjacent to openings or exterior

angles shall be laid with cells vertical, or the ends

of cells shall be closed in an approved manner. HoUow tUe shall be bonded together at all corners and angles and to other abutting work

by an alternate lapping of tile. Chases, pockets, and other breaks in tile construction shall be formed where shown on the

drawings or for which instructions are given

prior to the laying of hollow tile in such locations.

Chases or other breaks in hollow tile, left for

the installation of other work, shall be closed

with hollow tile or other masonry, if so directed,

after the work has been installed and approved.

Metal Wall Plugs and other such accessories,

required for securing other work, shall be set and buUt in with the hollow tile. Built-in Work.—Bucks, frames, and other

built-in work shall be maintained in their proper

position, and bracing shall not be removed irntU

they have been securely fastened to the masonry.

Hollow tUe shall be bedded against all built-in

work with full mortar joints, and all spaces

between the tUe and the built-in work shall be

completely and solidly filled with mortar.

Lintels of reinforced hollow partition blocks

shall be provided over all openings in hollow

tile walls, partitions, or furring, except where

steel lintels are shown or specified. They shall be formed by filling the cells of the tile with

mortar and rodding same thoroughly to eliminate voids. The reinforcement shall then be

inserted and the mortar allowed to set hard

before the lintel is set in place. The lintels shall be of sufficient length to lap on jamb tile at

least 4 inches over the maximum opening width.

Tile for lintels shall be set with cells horizontal.

Partitions. —All partitions and division walls,

other than bearing walls, where indicated as of

hollow tile, shall be constructed with partition

tile. Straight-run partitions exceeding 20 feet

in length between intersecting partitions or

walls, or exceeding 12 feet in height, shall be

stiffened by placing in each horizontal joint a

strip of galvanized expanded metal lath of a

width equal to the thickness of the tile and

lapped 2 inches at end joints of adjoining strips.

Partitions shall be of the thickness indicated on

the drawings. Where no dimensions are shown,

they shall be 4 inches thick. The thickness

shown or specified shall be the thickness of the

hollow-tile construction exclusive of plastering or other applied materials. Partititions shall be carried up to the underside of the structural

floor or roof slab, except where suspended ceil- ings occur, in which case they may terminate

at the ceiling level. Walls.—Exterior walls and all interior bearing walls where shown or specified to be of hoi-

[17]
low tile shall be constructed with load-bearing

tile of the thickness and dimensions indicated on the drawings, forming all corners, returns,

and offsets as shown and using the required

shape and size of tile to work up to corners and

openings and to maintain proper bond throughout the length of wall.

Wall Backing.—Hollow-tile backing shall be

laid up with load-bearing tile of the dimensions

and shapes required for bonding with the facing

materials and to form walls of the dimensions

shown on the drawings. The backing shall be

carried up simultaneously with the facing material and shall be bonded to same, as shown on

the drawings. Wall backing tile may be laid

with cells either horizontally or vertically.

Setting Plates, Etc.—All bearing plates, structural steel work, wood nailing plates, and other

similar work resting on tile walls shall be set in

their designed position and bedded in mortar.

Furring.—Where plastering is required on

the interior surface of exterior walls, 2-inch partition tile shall be built against the outside walls

of the building. The tile shall be laid with cells vertical except for hntels and window sills. Unless otherwise shown or required, the tile shall be returned on jambs and other reveals

or projections. The tile shall not be bedded

with mortar against the backing. Furring

shall be carried up to the underside of the structural floor or roof slab, except where suspended

ceihngs occur, in which case they may terminate

at the ceiling level. Column Covering. —Structural columns, where

so indicated on the drawings or specified, shall be encased in hollow tUe of the size and shape

required to give the finished outlines shown on

the drawings. The covering shall be carried

up tight against the structural ceiling or beams

above, finishing with a full mortar joint.

Tiles shall be set with cells vertical and with

all the vertical joints broken.

Salt-Glazed Face Tile.

Description.—Salt-glazed face tile shall be

manufactured from fire clay, shall be vitrified,

and shall conform to the strength requirements

of ASTM Specification C34-27 for hard tile. Size.—The face shall, in general, be approximately 5 by 8 inches, and the thickness approximately as indicated on the drawings or as specified.

Specials.—External corners shall be bullnose

and interior angles shall be square. Base shall have standard cove at bottom with radius of

not more than 1 inch and shall finish flush with

wall at top. Furnish all necessary miters,

angle, jamb, siU, lintel, and starting blocks.

Physical Properties.—The exposed surfaces

shall be free from warps, twists, blisters, or other defects which would affect the appearance

or prevent the proper setting of the tile. Exposed surfaces shall have smooth salt- glazed finish. Absorption.—The absorption of the tile block

after submersion in pure water for a period of

48 hours shall not exceed 5 percent of the dry

weight of the tile block.

Color.—Base tile shall be an approved shade

of brown. All other salt-glazed face tile shall be full range from light buff to light brown.

Quality.—All salt-glazed face tile shall be

first quality. Grades knows as Commercial,

Kiln Run, or Seconds shall not be used. The

manufacturer shall furnish a certificate or statement stating that all tile furnished are

selected, first quality stock.

Shipping.—^Salt-glazed face tile shall be carefully packed for shipment and handled in such manner as to avoid damage. Any tile damaged

or chipped on exposed surfaces shall be rejected.

Special units shaU be packed in sawdust, shavings, or protected in other approved manner.

Mortar.—Salt-glazed face tile shall be laid in

class VI mortar, colored to match the tile as approved.

Joints shall be % inch in thickness and shall be finished with a smooth concave joint.

Laying Tile.—The title shall be laid true to

line and with com-ses level. The end joints

shall be over the center of the imderlying tUe. Each unit as laid shaU be solidly bedded in mortar, with vertical joints well filled, and shall be

shoved to a bearing, pointing up and filling all crevices.

Partitions and Furring.—Where glazed finish

is required on both sides of 6-inch partitions, the

partitions shall be built with separate xmits for

each face, using units dji inches and V/s inches

thick in each course, alternating in successive courses so as to break the center or core joint.

The finished thickness of these partitions shall be 6 inches, and where used as a wainscot, the

[ 18]
portion of partition above the wainscot shall be

built with 4-inch block construction, leaving 1 inch on each side for plastering.

For partitions with 4K-iiich finished thickness

where glazed finish is required on one side and

plastering on the other side, the partitions shall be built with salt-glazed tile units 3% inches

thick, glazed on one face and scored for plastering on the opposite face. Where used as a wainscot, the portion of the partition above the

wainscot shall be buUt of 3-inch standard hollow-tile construction set flush with the unglazed

face. Salt-glazed face tile on exterior walls, col- lunns, or on partitions greater than 6 inches in finished thickness shall be laid up with units

approximately 1% inches thick, bonded to backing with wall ties or other approved anchorage.

Cutting and fitting shall be neatly done

around pipes, outlet boxes, etc. The work

shall be done in such manner that the plates,

collars, etc., wUl cover all imfinished edges.

Laying out shall be as specified. Closures shall be cut at the job with a carborimdum saw, and

the minimum length of any closure shall be onefourth the length of a standard unit.

Cleaning.—After completion of the setting, all salt-glazed tile shall be thoroughly cleaned,

removing all dirt, mortar stains, etc. Enameled Face Tile.—Enameled face tile shall be as specified, except that the size of a standard imit shall be approximately 5 inches

high by 8 inches long.

Porcelain-Glazed Terra Cotta.

Materials.—Porcelain-glazed terra cotta shall consist of machine-made hollow terra cotta blocks with a porcelain glaze finish on all ex- posed surfaces. The blocks shall be manufactured from suitable clay with ample grog or grit

component so that the blocks will bum straight

and true. Exposed surfaces shall be in a true

plane, out of wind and free from ridges, indentations, or blisters. Blocks with chipped edges

or surfaces shall be rejected.

Size.—The blocks shall be the sizes indicated on the drawings or as approved. Unless otherwise shown or approved, the blocks shall be 8

inches in height, 16 inches long, and of thick- ness as required by details to lay up or face the

walls and bond with other materials.

Specials.—External corners shall be bulLnose

and internal angles shall be square, except where

otherwise shown. Base shall have standard cove at bottom with radius of not more than 1 inch and shall finish flush with wall at top.

Furnish all necessary miters, angle, jamb, sill, and lintel blocks.

Finish.—Unless otherwise specified, the finish shall be of color or combination of colors as directed on a cream or ivory background.

Surfaces exposed in spaces not required to have

porcelain-glazed terra cotta shall be smooth but

need not be glazed. Surfaces required to be

plastered shall be scored to provide a bond for

the plaster.

Mortar.—Porcelain-glazed terra cotta shall be laid in class VII mortar and shall be colored

where requii'ed to match the tile. Joints shall be %6 inch in thickness and shall be finished with a smooth concave joint.

Ground Edges.—All edges and ends shall be

ground so as to accurately size the blocks and

remove all glaze from such surfaces.

Packing.—Blocks shall be packed in suitable

cartons that will protect the terra cotta from

damage.

Cutting.—Field cutting shall be done with a carborundum saw where the arrises are exposed

in the finished work. Closures shall be not less than one-fourth the length of a standard unit.

Laying.—The tile shall be laid true to line and with courses level. The end joints shaU be

over the center of the underlying tile. Each

unit as laid shall be solidly bedded in mortar,

with vertical joints well filled, and shall be

shoved to a bearing, pointing up and filling all crevices.

Partitions and Furring shaU be as specified in

the preceding article for salt-glazed tile, except

that the thickness of the tile blocks may vary,

as required, to conform to standard units.

Cleaning.—After completion of the setting,

all porcelain-glazed terra cotta shall be thoroughly cleaned, removing all dirt, mortar

stains, etc. Columns.—All exposed surfaces of columns

shall be given the same finish as walls or wainscots of rooms in which columns occur. Cutting for Other Trades.—Do all cutting

and fitting required for the installation of the

[19]
work of other trades. Openings in exposed

faces of tile shall be neatly cut for switch boxes

and other similar work so that cover plates,

collars, etc., will cover the cut edges. Where

pipes or conduits occur in tile walls, split tile blocks shall be used and the webs of trie shall be notched, as required, to fit the pipes.

Anchors and Wall Ties.—The furnishing and

setting of wall ties for bonding block construction to brick walls are specified in section

All such ties shall be built in with the block

work.

Type D anchors are specified in section

for bonding block construction to concrete

walls. Type F ties shall be furnished and

installed in connection with these anchors for

bonding wall furring to concrete walls. Wall ties shall be furnished and installed for bonding fm-ring or hollow-face tile to block

construction. The ties shall be set at the proper

height to coincide with, the horizontal joints of

the facing materials and shall be set on not

exceeding 2-foot centers in both directions.

Wall ties shall be formed of not fighter than

No. 20 gage galvanized iron, shall be crimped,

and shall be not less than % inch wide by 6

inches long.

Type F ties shall be formed of not lighter

than No. 12 gage galvanized or cadmiumplated sheet steel not less than 1 inch wide,

shall have end bent in hook form, and shall be of length required by the facing material; or the ties shall be formed of not fighter than

No. 11 gage galvanized or cadmium-plated

wire loops.

Protection.—Block construction shall not be

laid in freezing weather, except as approved

and when the work is adequately protected.

[20]
PART III. STREAMLINED SPECIFICATIONS, MASONRY

In rewriting Typical Specifications for Masonry, part II, according to the principles set forth in the Model Basic Specifications for

Masonry, part I, the specification writer's notes

will take the following form:

SPECIFICATION WRITER'S NOTES

Scope—2-1.

Common Beick.—2-2. .1 .2 or .3; Class

.4 .5 Sand-Lime Brick.—2-3. .1 .6 except ex- posed brick in spaces 3-3, 3-4, 3-10, and stair

halls. Exposed Brick.—Exterior, also including corridor, porches, and backs of parapet walls

similar and equal to sample panel on file in

office of Commissioner of Architecture,

Street,

City, State. Interior

where noted "F. Br." and also in radiator

recesses—John Doe Co.'s #116M, face, iron

spot; spaces 3-3, 3^, 3-10, and stair halls

common; 2-5.2

Molded or Ground Brick.—2-6. bullnose

external vertical corners and window stools in

connection with "F. Br." brick; watertables;

.3 ; .4 ; special shapes.

Fire Brick.—2-8. .1 .2 Flue Linings and Thimbles.—2-9.

Hollow Clay Tile.—2-13.1 backing of .2 and .3 .8 .9 .10 Concrete Blocks.—2-14. .1 in heu of com- mon brick in contact with earth, at contractor's option; .3 .4 .5 .9 Structural Facing Units.—2-16.1 .2 .8 as directed on a cream or ivory background,

5"XS". Other units—unglazed. .29 bull- nose external corners, angles, miters, .34

.30 and lintels: 1" radius cove flush top

base. .53 Ke" thick.

Anchors and Ties.—2-26. Wall ties—not

less than 20-gage galvanized crimped iron,

6" long and at least %" wide. Type "A"

anchors—%"X2" flat steel bars 34" long

with ends bent up 2". Type "F" ties—12- gage galvanized or cadmium-plated sheet

steel 1" wide with ends hooked or of 11-gage

galvanized or cadmium-plated wire loops for use in slots or inserts. Mortars.—See section

Samples.—2-28. John Doe,

Street, City,

State: Brick—25 each of all shapes, sizes, and

kinds. Brick panel—where directed on site, 5' long, 3' high, showing required shape, size,

and type of brick, full range of color, bond

and mortar joint of brick as specified.

Brickwork.—2-29. .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6; .11; .13 Exposed Exterior brickwork laid in .16 Exposed Interior brickwork alid in .18

.25 .26 .28 .32

.33 .37 one waU-tie for each square foot of wall

surface.

Hollow Clay Tile and Masonry Unit

Work.—2-30. .1 .2 .4

.9.10. .11 .12 and .13 .14 .15 .16

.17 .18 .20 .22 .23 .24

.25 .26 or .27 .28

.31 Structural Facing Units.—2-31.

.4 Flue Linings.—2-36.

Built-in Items.—2-42. .1 .2 .4 .5 .6

.7 .8 .9 .10 .11 and .12 Cutting and Patching.—2-43.

Protection.^—2-44.

Pointing.—2-45.

Cleaning Down Building.^—2-^6.

These notes, when transcribed, become the

rewiitten specifications that follow.

[21 ]
REWKITTEN SPECIFICATIONS,

MASONRY

Scope.—Mention herein or indication on the

drawings of articles, materials, operations, or methods requires that the contractor provide

each item mentioned or indicated (of quality or subject to qualifications noted); perform (according to conditions stated) each operation

prescribed; and provide therefor all necessary

labor, equipment, and incidentals.

Common Brick.—Fed. Spec. SS-B-656; 2%"

x3%"x8"; Class H, for brick in contact with

earth or exposed to the weather; Class M, else- where.

Sand-Lime Brick.—Fed. Spec. SS-B-681;

2%"xS%"x8"; Class H or M for use, at contractor's option, in lieu of Class M common

brick except exposed brick in space 3-3, 3-4,

3-10, and stair halls. Exposed Brick.—Exterior, also including corridor, porches, and backs of parapet walls

similar and equal to sample panel on file in

office of Commissioner of Architecture,

Street, City,

State. Interior where noted

"F. Br" and also in radiator recesses—John

Doe Co.'s #116M, or Richard Roe Brick Co.'s D Grade Cream or other approved smooth face,

iron spot; spaces 3-3, 3-4, 3-10, and stair halls—common; selected for color and shape;

show surfaces similar in color and texture, free from distortion, warpage, cracks, and other

imperfections, and with good corners and edges.

Molded or Ground Brick.—Color and tex- ture to match adjacent brick; accurate size to exact line for buUnose external vertical corners and window stools in connection with "F. Br"

brick; watertables; arches; pattern work; special shapes.

Fire Brick.—Fed. Spec. HH-B-67lb; BackUp Duty Grade for fireplace linings.

Flue Linings and Thimbles.—Hard-burned

fire clay; free from fractures, large cracks, blisters, and warping ; standard sizes ; sound. Thimbles for each flue where directed.

Hollow Clay Tile.—Load bearing.—Fed.

Spec. SS-T-341; Grade M; for backing of exterior walls and for load-bearing partitions.

Non-load-bearing—Fed. Spec. SS-T-351; Grade

S; for non-load-beariag partitions. Closures,

fitters, and special shapes as required.

Concrete Blocks.—Fed, Spec. SS-C-621;

weight a; type I in lieu of common brick in contact with earth, at contractor's option; type II

in lieu of non-load-bearing clay tHe, at con- ^ tractor's option; standard sizes and shapes with

closures, fitters, and special shapes as required; ^ adequately cured by air, water, or steam before

shipment.

Structural Facing Units.—First Quality in ; accordance with Standard Grading Rules of

Brick and Tile Institute; ceramic glazed units f of color as directed on a cream or ivory back- I ground, 5" X8". Other units—unglazed. Spe- f cial shapes as required for buUnose external ' corners, angles, miters, jambs, sills, and lintels; 1" radius cove, flush top base. Mortar joints ' Ke" thick. 1 Anchors and Ties.—To secure masonry to ' backing or adjoining construction. Wall ties— !' not less than 20-gage galvanized crimped iron,

6" long and at least %" wide. Type "A"

anchors—%"X2" flat steel bars 34" long with ! ends bent up 2". Type "F" ties—12-gage galvanized or cadmium-plated sheet steel 1" wide

with ends hooked, or of 11-gage galvanized or cadmium-plated wire loops for use in slots or

inserts. Mortars.—See section

Samples.—As follows to John Doe,

Street, City,

State: Brick—25 each of all shapes, sizes, and kinds. Brick panel—where

directed on site, 5' long, 3' high, showing re- quired shape, size, and type of brick, full range

of color, bond and mortar joint of brick as

specified.

Brickwork.—Plumb; true to lines; courses

level; reveals and comers, plumb and true; each course laid as through course with no

vertical joint in any one course directly over

vertical joint in course next below; each brick

shoved into place, not laid, in fuH unfurrowed

bed of mortar; all horizontal and vertical joints

completely filled with mortar as, or when, laid; back joint against concrete, metal, hoUow clay

tde, concrete masonry units, slushed, grouted,

or shoved fuU as course is laid ; jambs and heads

[22]
of frames—filled solid with mortar; chases and

reglets free from mortar or debris at completion.

Exposed Exterior brickwork laid in English

bond, i. e. alternating courses of whole stretchers, overlapping each other by %, brick, and

headers with whole headers every third course. Exposed Interior brickwork laid in running

bond, i. e. whole stretchers overlapping by K

brick and tied together and to backing with

wire, corrugated or crimped ties on alternating

brick in every third course. Joints in Face Work.—Approximately K"

wide; natural color mortar; concave; formed

with suitable tools after mortar has taken

initial set. Other Joints.—Flush in exposed work.

Veneer.—Stretcher faciug anchored to backing with one wall tie for each square foot of wall

surface. Hollow Clay Tile and Masonry Unit

Work.—Plumb to lines; in full bed of mortar;

vertical joints breaking approximately at middle

of tile in course next below; courses bonded at comers and intersections ; cells horizontal except

may be vertical at pipes or conduits; no cells

left open in wall surfaces; brick fill-ins as required for securing plumbing or other fix- tures, filling out comers, bearing for joists and

beams.

Wetting.—Hollow clay tile with greater than

12 percent absorption, wetted 24 hours before

laying except in freezing weather. No freshly

wetted tUe or tUe with film of water or frost laid. Partitions.—4" thick unless otherwise shown;

bonded or anchored to any other adjacent

masonry with wire mesh, corrugated metal, bar

or rod ties in every other course extending 4"

iato concrete, 8" into brickwork, and 12" into

hollow masonry, and spaced 16" apart vertically

for 4" thick partitions, 24" apart vertically for

partitions thicker than 4". Partitions to extend

from floor to ceiling along corridors, aroimd pipe

shafts; elsewhere to suspended ceilings where same occur, unless otherwise shown; joints at

ceilings wedged and slushed full of mortar from

both sides. Interior Channel Spaces of Columns.—FUled

in sohd, using special shapes as required for this purpose.

Reinforced Lintels.—Of hollow clay tile or

concrete masonry units; over all openings except

where steel lintels occur; extended at least 8"

on each side of opening; cells horizontal, filled with 1:2:4 mix concrete and reinforced full lintel length with one rod through each top and

bottom cell of multiple-cell width tUe and two

rods in top cell and two in bottom cell of

single-cell width tile. Furring Units tied to masonry backing with one wire mesh, corrugated metal, or looped-wire

tie for each 2 sq. ft., extending at least 4" into

masonry backing and to within %" oi outer face

of fun-ing unit.

Structural Facing Tile.—Plumb to lines; in

full bed of mortar; vertical joints breaking approximately at middle of unit in course next

below; courses bonded at comers and intersections; anchored to concrete and other masonry;

joints uniform width, tooled slightly concave;

shipped or spalled glaze not accepted.

Cutting Units.—With power saw to straight

clean-cut joints; as requu'ed for built-in work.

Flue Linings.—Full height of chimney starting

2'0" below lowest smoke entrance, one section

ahead of masonry; full mortar beds; space between linings and brickwork slushed full of

mortar as work progresses; joints close and

struck flush on inside; thimbles neatly fitted

with full mortar joints struck flush; flues free from surplus materials and debris.

Built-In Items.—As work progresses ; foUowing

items provided as specified under other sections:

sheet metal, loose structural steel, anchors and

ties, sleeves, thimbles, frames, inserts, waU

plugs, blocking, grounds, and fvuring.

Cutting and Patching.—As required to ac- commodate work of others.

Protection.—Smiaces not being worked on; from frost; tops of walls at end of each day or when rain or snow is imminent, by covering with

strong waterproof membrane weU secured in

place.

Pointing.—On completion of work, filling all holes and joints in exposed masonry.

Cleaning Down Building.—At completion,

leaving masonry clean, free from mortar, in

good condition, and with tight mortar joints;

rinsed with clean water before and after cleaning.

Washington, May 26, 1942.

[23

o

BUILDING MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES REPORTS

[Continued from cover page II] BMS32 Structural Properties of Two Brick-Concrete-Block Wall Constructions and a Concrete- Block Wall Construction Sponsored by the National Concrete Masonry Association^ 10^ BMS33 Plastic Calking Materials 10^ BMS34 Performance Test of Floor Coverings for Use in Low-Cost Housing: Part 1 lOjS BMS35 Stability of Sheathing Papers as Determined by Accelerated Aging lOjS BMS36 Structural Properties of Wood-Frame Wall, Partition, Floor, and Roof Constructions

With "Red Stripe" Lath Sponsored by The Weston Paper and Manufacturing Co__ 10(6 BMS37 Structural Properties of "Palisade Homes" Constructions for WaUs, Partitions, and

Floors, Sponsored by Palisade Homes 100 BMS38 Structural Properties of Two "Dunstone" Wall Constructions Sponsored by the W. E. Dunn Manufacturing Co 100 BMS39 Structural Properties of a Wall Construction of "Pfeifer Units" Sponsored by the Wisconsin Units Co 100 BMS40 Structural Properties of a Wall Construction of "Knap Concrete Wall Units" Sponsored

by Knap America, Inc 100 BMS41 Effect of Heating and Cooling on the Permeability of Masonry Walls 100 BMS42 Structural Properties of Wood-Frame Wall and Partition Constructions With "Celotex"

Insulating Boards Sponsored by The Celotex Corporation 150 BMS43 Performance Test of Floor Coverings for Use in Low-Cost Housing: Part 2 100 BMS44 Surface Treatment of Steel Prior to Painting 100 BMS45 Air Infiltration Through Windows 100 BMS46 Structural Properties of "Scot-Bilt" Prefabricated Sheet-Steel Constructions for Walls,

Floors, and Roofs Sponsored by The Globe-Wernicke Co 100 BMS47 Structural Properties of Prefabricated Wood-Frame Constructions for Walls, Partitions,

and Floors Sponsored by American Houses, Inc 100 BMS48 Structural Properties of "Precision-Built" Frame Wall and Partition Constructions

Sponsored by the Homasote Co 100 BMS49 Metallic Roofing for Low-Cost House Construction 100 BMS50 Stability of Fiber Building Boards as Determined by Accelerated Aging 100 BMS51 Structural Properties of "Tilecrete Type A" Floor Construction Sponsored by the Tile- crete Co 100 BMS52 Effect of Ceiling Insulation Upon Summer Comfort 100 BMS53 Structural Properties of a WaU Construction of "Munlock Dry Wall Brick" Sponsored by the Munlock Engineering Co 100 BMS54 Effect of Soot on the Ratmg of an Oil-Fired Heating Boiler 100 BMS55 Effects of Wetting and Drying on the Permeability of Masonry WaUs 100 BMS56 A Survey of Humidities in Residences 100 BMS57 Roofing in the United States—Results of a Questionnaire 100 BMS58 Strength of Soft-Soldered Joints in Copper Tubing 100 BMS59 Properties of Adhesives for Floor Coverings 100 BMS60 Strength, Absorption, and Resistance to Laboratory Freezing and Thawing of Building

Bricks Produced in the United Sts^es 150 BMS61 Structural Properties of Two Nonreinforced Monolithic Concrete Wall Constructions. 100 BMS62 Structural Properties of a Precast Joist Concrete Floor Construction Sponsored by the Portland Cement Association 100 BMS63 Moisture Condensation in Building Walls 100 BMS64 Solar Heating of Various Surfaces 100 BMS65 Methods of Estimating Loads in Plumbing Systems 100 BMS66 Plumbing Manual 200 BMS67 Structural Properties of "Mu-Steel" Prefabricated Sheet-Steel Constructions for Walls,

Partitions, Floors, and Roofs Sponsored by Herman A. Mugler 150 BMS68 Performance Test of Floor Coverings for Use in Low-Cost Housing: Part 3 150 BMS69 Stability of Fiber Sheathing Boards as Determined by Accelerated Aging 100 BMS70 Asphalt-Prepared Roll Roofings and Shingles 15c BMS71 Fire Tests of Wood- and Metal-Framed Partitions 200 BMS72 Structural Properties of "Precision-Built, Jr." Prefabricated Wood-Frame Wall Construction Sponsored by the Homasote Co 100 BMS73 Indentation Characteristics of Floor Coverings , 100 BMS74 Structural and Heat-Transfer Properties of "U. S. S. Panelbilt" Prefabricated Sheet-Steel Constructions for WaUs, Partitions, and Roofs Sponsored by the Tennessee Coal, Iron & Railroad Co 150 BMS75 Survey of Roofing Materials in the North Central States 150 BMS76 Effect of Outdoor Exposure on the Water Permeability of Masonry WaUs 150 BMS77 Properties and Performance of Fiber Tile Boards 100 BMS78 Structural, Heat-Transfer, and Water-Permeability Properties of Five Earth-WaU Constructions 200 BMS79 Water-Distributing Systems for Buildings 150 BMS80 Performance Tests of Floor Coverings for Use in Low-Cost Housing: Part 4 150 BMS81 Field Inspectors' Check List for Building Construction (cloth cover, 5 by 73^ inches) 200 BMS82 Water PermeabiUty of WaUs Built of Masonry Units 200 BMS83 Strength of Sleeve Joints in Copper Tubing Made with Various Lead-Base Solders 100 BMS84 Survey of Roofing Materials in the South Central States 150 BMS85 Dimensional Changes of Floor Coverings With Changes of Relative Humidity and

Temperature 100 BMS86 Structural, Heat-Transfer, and Water-PermeabiUty Properties of "Speedbrik" WaU

Construction Sponsored by the General Shale Products Corporation 150 BMS87 A Method for Developing Specifications for Building Construction 100
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