TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Southeast Expansion Project 

Final Environmental Impact Statement

TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................................................................. i 

LIST OF APPENDICES............................................................................................................................. v 

LIST OF TABLES...................................................................................................................................... vi 

LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................................viii 

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS................................................................................................... ix 

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY................................................................................................................... ES-1 

 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... ES-1 

 PROJECT BACKGROUND ..................................................................................................... ES-1 

 PROPOSED ACTION ............................................................................................................... ES-1 

 PUBLIC OUTREACH AND COMMENTS.............................................................................. ES-2 

 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION.............................................................. ES-2 

 ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED ............................................................................................ ES-4 

 CONCLUSION.......................................................................................................................... ES-4 

1.0 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................1-1 

 1.1 PROJECT PURPOSE AND NEED ....................................................................................1-1 

 1.2 PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF THIS EIS .............................................................................1-2 

 1.3 PERMITS, APPROVALS, AND REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS..............................1-2 

 1.4 PUBLIC REVIEW AND COMMENT ...............................................................................1-7 

 1.5 NON-JURISDICTIONAL FACILITIES...........................................................................1-11 

2.0 PROPOSED ACTION................................................................................................................2-1 

 2.1 PROPOSED FACILITIES ..................................................................................................2-1 

 2.2 LAND REQUIREMENTS..................................................................................................2-4 

 2.2.1 Pipeline Facilities.....................................................................................................2-6 

 2.2.2 Aboveground Facilities..........................................................................................2-11 

 2.2.3 Other Work Areas ..................................................................................................2-11 

 2.2.3.1 Additional Temporary Work Space.........................................................2-11 

 2.2.3.2 Pipe Storage and Contractor Yards..........................................................2-11 

 2.2.3.3 Access Roads ..........................................................................................2-12 

 2.3 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES.................................................................................2-12 

 2.3.1 General Pipeline Construction Procedures ............................................................2-13 

 2.3.2 Specialized Pipeline Construction Procedures ......................................................2-18 

 2.3.2.1 Waterbody Crossings ..............................................................................2-18 

 2.3.2.2 Wetland Crossings...................................................................................2-22 

 2.3.2.3 Road, Highway, and Railroad Crossings.................................................2-23 

 2.3.2.4 Agricultural Areas...................................................................................2-23 

 2.3.2.5 Rugged Topography................................................................................2-24 

 2.3.2.6 Residential Areas.....................................................................................2-27 

 2.3.2.7 Utility Crossings .....................................................................................2-27 

 2.3.3 Aboveground Facilities Construction Procedures .................................................2-28 

 2.4 CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE ......................................................................................2-29 

 i 
 2.5 ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING AND MONITORING ................................................2-29 

 2.6 OPERATION, MAINTENANCE, AND SAFETY CONTROLS.....................................2-29 

 2.7 FUTURE PLANS AND ABANDONMENT ....................................................................2-31 

3.0 ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS ..............................................................................................3-1 

 3.1 GEOLOGY .........................................................................................................................3-1 

 3.1.1 Geological Setting ...................................................................................................3-1 

 3.1.2 Mineral Resources ...................................................................................................3-4

 3.1.3 Paleontological Resources .......................................................................................3-7 

 3.1.4 Geologic Hazards.....................................................................................................3-7 

 3.1.4.1 Seismicity and Faults ................................................................................3-8 

 3.1.4.2 Soil Liquefaction.......................................................................................3-8 

 3.1.4.3 Slope Failures/Landslides .........................................................................3-8 

 3.1.4.4 Ground Subsidence ...................................................................................3-9 

 3.1.5 Conclusions Regarding Impacts to Geologic Resources .......................................3-10 

 3.2 SOILS................................................................................................................................3-10 

 3.2.1 Existing Soils.........................................................................................................3-10 

 3.2.2 Major Soil Characteristics .....................................................................................3-10 

 3.2.2.1 Erosion Potential.....................................................................................3-11 

 3.2.2.2 Drainage Class ........................................................................................3-11 

 3.2.2.3 Presence of Hydric Soils.........................................................................3-11 

 3.2.2.4 Compaction Potential..............................................................................3-11 

 3.2.2.5 Revegetation Potential ............................................................................3-12 

 3.2.2.6 Prime Farmland Designation ..................................................................3-12 

 3.2.3 General Impacts and Mitigation ............................................................................3-12 

 3.2.3.1 Erosion ....................................................................................................3-13 

 3.2.3.2 Compaction Potential..............................................................................3-14 

 3.2.3.3 Revegetation Potential ............................................................................3-14 

 3.2.3.4 Mixing of Topsoil and Subsoil................................................................3-15 

 3.2.3.5 Rocks.......................................................................................................3-15 

 3.2.3.6 Drainage Systems and Drainage Patterns ...............................................3-15 

 3.2.3.7 Prime Farmland.......................................................................................3-15 

 3.2.4 Conclusion .............................................................................................................3-16 

 3.3 WATER RESOURCES AND FISHERIES .......................................................................3-16 

 3.3.1 Groundwater ..........................................................................................................3-16 

 3.3.1.1 Existing Groundwater Resources............................................................3-16 

 3.3.1.2 General Impacts and Mitigation..............................................................3-19 

 3.3.1.3 Site-Specific Impacts and Mitigation......................................................3-21 

 3.3.1.4 Conclusion Regarding Groundwater Resources .....................................3-21 

 3.3.2 Surface Water Resources .......................................................................................3-22 

 3.3.2.1 Existing Surface Water Resources ..........................................................3-22 

 3.3.2.2 General Impacts and Mitigation..............................................................3-24 

 3.3.2.3 Site-Specific Impacts and Mitigation......................................................3-29 

 3.3.3 Conclusion Regarding Surface Water Resources...................................................3-32 

 3.4 WETLANDS.....................................................................................................................3-32 

 3.4.1 Existing Wetland Resources ..................................................................................3-33 

 ii 
 3.4.2 General Wetland Impacts.......................................................................................3-35 

 3.4.2.1 General Wetland Construction and Mitigation Procedures.....................3-36 

 3.4.2.2 Alternative Measures to Our Procedures ................................................3-37 

 3.4.3 Site-Specific Impacts and Mitigation ....................................................................3-39 

 3.4.3.1 High-Quality, Sensitive, or Special-Status Wetlands ..............................3-39 

 3.4.4 Wetland Restoration and Compensatory Mitigation..............................................3-39 

 3.4.5 Conclusion Regarding Impacts to Wetlands ..........................................................3-40 

 3.5 VEGETATION..................................................................................................................3-40 

 3.5.1 Existing Vegetation Resources...............................................................................3-40 

 3.5.1.1 Vegetative Communities of Special Concern or Value ...........................3-42 

 3.5.1.2 Extensive Forested Tracts .......................................................................3-43 

 3.5.2 General Impacts and Mitigation ............................................................................3-43 

 3.5.3 Impacts and Mitigation to Vegetation Communities of Special Concern or 

Value ......................................................................................................................3-45

 3.5.4 Exotic or Invasive Plant Communities ..................................................................3-46 

 3.5.5 Conclusion Regarding Impacts to Vegetation........................................................3-46 

 3.6 WILDLIFE AND AQUATIC RESOURCES ....................................................................3-47 

 3.6.1 Wildlife ..................................................................................................................3-47 

 3.6.1.1 Existing Wildlife Resources....................................................................3-47 

 3.6.1.2 General Impacts and Mitigation..............................................................3-50 

 3.6.1.3 Conclusion Regarding Impacts to Wildlife Habitats and Species...........3-52 

 3.6.2 Aquatic Resources .................................................................................................3-52 

 3.6.2.1 Existing Aquatic Resources ....................................................................3-52 

 3.6.2.2 General Impacts and Mitigation..............................................................3-53 

 3.6.2.3 Conclusion Regarding Impacts to Aquatic Habitats and Species ...........3-55 

 3.7 THREATENED, ENDANGERED, AND SPECIAL STATUS SPECIES ........................3-55 

 3.7.1 Federally Listed Threatened and Endangered Species ..........................................3-55 

 3.7.1.1 Gopher Tortoise.......................................................................................3-57 

 3.7.1.2 Eastern Indigo Snake ..............................................................................3-60 

 3.7.1.3 Yellow-Blotched Map Turtle...................................................................3-61 

 3.7.1.4 Ringed Map Turtle ..................................................................................3-61 

 3.7.1.5 Louisiana Black Bear ..............................................................................3-62 

 3.7.1.6 Gulf Sturgeon..........................................................................................3-62 

 3.7.1.7 Bald Eagle...............................................................................................3-63 

 3.7.1.8 Wood Stork..............................................................................................3-63 

 3.7.1.9 Red-Cockaded Woodpecker....................................................................3-64 

 3.7.1.10 Inflated Heelsplitter ................................................................................3-64 

 3.7.2 Special Status Species............................................................................................3-65 

 3.8 LAND USE, RECREATION AND SPECIAL INTEREST AREAS, AND VISUAL 

RESOURCES....................................................................................................................3-68 

 3.8.1 General Land Use Types........................................................................................3-68 

 3.8.2 Land Ownership and Easement Requirements ......................................................3-73 

 3.8.3 General Impacts and Mitigation ............................................................................3-74 

 3.8.3.1 Land Use Type, Specific Impacts, and Mitigation ..................................3-74 

 3.8.4 Special Interest Areas Impacts and Mitigation ......................................................3-78 

 3.8.5 Transportation........................................................................................................3-83 

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 3.8.6 Visual Resources....................................................................................................3-83 

 3.8.6.1 Current Viewshed....................................................................................3-83 

 3.8.6.2 General Impacts and Mitigation..............................................................3-84 

 3.8.7 Conclusion Regarding Impacts to Land Use, Recreation and Special Interest 

Areas, and Visual Resources..................................................................................3-86 

 3.9 SOCIOECONOMICS .......................................................................................................3-86 

 3.9.1 Region of Influence ...............................................................................................3-86 

 3.9.2 Population..............................................................................................................3-87 

 3.9.3 Economy and Employment....................................................................................3-88 

 3.9.4 Housing..................................................................................................................3-88 

 3.9.5 Property Values......................................................................................................3-89 

 3.9.6 Government Revenue ............................................................................................3-90 

 3.9.7 Public Services ......................................................................................................3-91 

 3.9.8 Impacts on Specific Economic Sectors..................................................................3-92 

 3.10 CULTURAL RESOURCES..............................................................................................3-93 

 3.10.1 Results of the Cultural Resources Survey..............................................................3-93 

 3.10.1.1 Louisiana.................................................................................................3-93 

 3.10.1.2 Mississippi ..............................................................................................3-93 

 3.10.1.3 Alabama ..................................................................................................3-94 

 3.10.2 Unanticipated Discoveries Plan.............................................................................3-94 

 3.10.3 Native American Consultation...............................................................................3-94 

 3.10.4 General Impacts and Mitigation ............................................................................3-94 

 3.11 AIR QUALITY AND NOISE ...........................................................................................3-95 

 3.11.1 Air Quality.............................................................................................................3-95 

 3.11.1.1 Existing Air Quality ................................................................................3-95 

 3.11.1.2 Regulatory Requirements........................................................................3-97 

 3.11.1.3 General Impacts and Mitigation............................................................3-101 

 3.11.2 Noise Quality.......................................................................................................3-103 

 3.11.2.1 Regulatory Requirements......................................................................3-103 

 3.11.2.2 Existing Noise Levels ...........................................................................3-104 

 3.11.2.3 General Impacts and Mitigation............................................................3-105 

 3.12 RELIABILITY AND SAFETY ......................................................................................3-109 

 3.12.1 Safety Standards ..................................................................................................3-110 

 3.12.2 Pipeline Accident Data ........................................................................................3-113 

 3.12.3 Impacts on Public Safety .....................................................................................3-116 

 3.12.4 Additional Security and Safety Issues .................................................................3-117 

 3.13 CUMULATIVE IMPACT ...............................................................................................3-117 

 3.13.1 Other Natural Gas Pipeline Projects ....................................................................3-118 

 3.13.2 Unrelated Projects................................................................................................3-124 

 3.13.3 Potential Cumulative Impacts of the Proposed Action ........................................3-124 

 3.13.3.1 Wetlands and Waterbodies ....................................................................3-125 

 3.13.3.2 Vegetation and Wildlife.........................................................................3-126 

 3.13.3.3 Land Use ...............................................................................................3-126 

 3.13.3.4 Air Quality ............................................................................................3-127 

 3.13.3.5 Noise .....................................................................................................3-127 

 3.13.4 Conclusions .........................................................................................................3-128 

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4.0 ALTERNATIVES........................................................................................................................4-1 

 4.1 NO-ACTION OR POSTPONED-ACTION ALTERNATIVES..........................................4-1 

 4.2 SYSTEM ALTERNATIVES ...............................................................................................4-3 

 4.3 ROUTE ALTERNATIVES .................................................................................................4-3 

 4.4 ROUTE VARIATIONS .......................................................................................................4-5

 4.5 ABOVEGROUND FACILITY ALTERNATIVES .............................................................4-7 

 4.5.1 Delhi Compressor Station Site Alternatives ............................................................4-7 

 4.5.2 Harrisville Compressor Station Site Alternatives ....................................................4-8 

 4.5.3 Destin Compressor Station Site Alternatives...........................................................4-8 

5.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ....................................................................5-1 

 5.1 SUMMARY OF THE STAFF'S ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE 

PROPOSED ACTION AND ALTERNATIVES .................................................................5-1 

 5.1.1 Geology ...................................................................................................................5-1 

 5.1.2 Soils .........................................................................................................................5-1 

 5.1.3 Water Resources ......................................................................................................5-2 

 5.1.4 Wetlands ..................................................................................................................5-3 

 5.1.5 Vegetation ................................................................................................................5-3 

 5.1.6 Wildlife and Aquatic Resources...............................................................................5-4 

 5.1.7 Threatened, Endangered, and Special Status Species..............................................5-4 

 5.1.8 Land Use, Recreation and Special Interest Areas, and Visual Resources................5-5 

 5.1.9 Socioeconomics .......................................................................................................5-6 

 5.1.10 Cultural Resources...................................................................................................5-6 

 5.1.11 Air Quality and Noise..............................................................................................5-7

 5.1.12 Reliability and Safety ..............................................................................................5-7 

 5.1.13 Cumulative Impacts.................................................................................................5-7

 5.1.14 Alternatives..............................................................................................................5-8 

 5.2 STAFF'S RECOMMENDATIONS.....................................................................................5-9 

LIST OF APPENDICES 

Appendix A Distribution List 

Appendix B Facility Location Maps 

Appendix C Soils 

Appendix D Waterbody Crossings 

Appendix E Wetland Crossings 

Appendix F Extensive Forested Tracts Along the Proposed Southeast Expansion Project 

Appendix G Extra Workspaces, Access Roads, Existing Road Crossings, and Pipe Storage 

and Contractor Yards for the Proposed Southeast Expansion Project 

Appendix H Minor Route Variation Maps 

Appendix I Literature Cited 

Appendix J List of Preparers 

Appendix K Conservation Strategy for the Gopher Tortoise and Eastern Indigo Snake 

Appendix L Response to Comments 

 v 
Appendix M Subject Index 

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.3-1 Summary of Major Permits, Approvals, and Consultations for the Proposed 

Southeast Expansion Project .....................................................................................1-3 

Table 1.4-1 Issues Identified and Comments Received During the Public Scoping Process 

for the Proposed Southeast Expansion Project..........................................................1-8 

Table 2.1-1 Pipeline Facilities for the Proposed Southeast Expansion Project ............................2-1 

Table 2.1-2 Aboveground Facilities for the Proposed Southeast Expansion Project ...................2-3 

Table 2.2-1 Land Requirements by County for the Proposed Southeast Expansion Project........2-5 

Table 2.2.1-2 Existing Rights-of-Way that are Parallel to the Proposed Southeast 

Expansion Project......................................................................................................2-7 

Table 2.3.2.1-1 Proposed Horizontal Directional Drill Locations for the Proposed Southeast 

Expansion Project....................................................................................................2-22 

Table 2.3.2.5-1 Areas That Would Be Affected by Two-Tone Construction Techniques for 

the Proposed Southeast Expansion Project..............................................................2-25 

Table 2.3.2.7-1 Foreign Pipeline Crossings for the Proposed Southeast Expansion Project............2-28 

Table 3.1.1-1 Geologic Formations Underlying the Proposed Southeast Expansion Project..........3-3 

Table 3.1.2-1 Active Mineral Resources Within 0.25 Mile of the Proposed Southeast 

Expansion Pipeline....................................................................................................3-6 

Table 3.3.1.1-1 Wells Located Within 150 Feet of the Proposed Southeast Expansion Project ......3-18 

Table 3.3.1.1-2 Potential Contaminated Groundwater Sites Within 1 Mile of the Proposed 

Southeast Expansion Project ...................................................................................3-19 

Table 3.3.2.1-1 Major and Navigable Waterbodies That Would Be Crossed by the Proposed 

Southeast Expansion Project ...................................................................................3-23 

Table 3.3.2.1-2 Impaired Waterbodies Crossed by the Proposed Southeast Expansion Project ......3-24 

Table 3.3.2.2-1 Waterbodies Crossed Using the HDD Construction Method Along the 

Proposed Southeast Expansion Project ...................................................................3-25 

Table 3.3.2.3-1 Hydrostatic Test Water Requirements for the Proposed Southeast Expansion 

Project......................................................................................................................3-30 

Table 3.4.1-1 Summary of Wetlands Affected by the Proposed Southeast Expansion 

Project......................................................................................................................3-34 

Table 3.4.2.2-1 Proposed Site-Specific Alternative Measures to FERC's Procedures for the 

Proposed Southeast Expansion Project ...................................................................3-37 

Table 3.4.3.1-1 Forested Riparian Zones along the Proposed Southeast Expansion Project............3-39 

Table 3.5.1-1 Upland Vegetation Communities Occurring Along the Proposed Southeast 

Expansion Project....................................................................................................3-40 

Table 3.5.1-2 Vegetative Communities Affected by the Proposed Southeast Expansion 

Project......................................................................................................................3-42 

Table 3.6.1.1-1 Representative Wildlife Species that Occur Along the Proposed Southeast 

Expansion Project Area...........................................................................................3-48 

Table 3.6.2.1-1 Fish and Mussel Species Occurring in the Proposed Southeast Expansion 

Project Area.............................................................................................................3-52 

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Table 3.7.1-1 Federally Listed Species Potentially Occurring Along the Proposed Southeast 

Expansion Project....................................................................................................3-56 

Table 3.7.2-1 State Listed and Rare Species Potentially Occurring in the Proposed 

Southeast Expansion Project Area ..........................................................................3-66 

Table 3.8.1-1 Acres Potentially Impacted by the Proposed Southeast Expansion Project ............3-70 

Table 3.8.3.1-1 Residences Within 50 Feet of Construction Work Area and Proposed 

Mitigation................................................................................................................3-76 

Table 3.8.4-1 Sixteenth Section Lands Crossed by the Proposed Southeast Expansion 

Project......................................................................................................................3-81 

Table 3.9.2-1 Existing Population and Demographic Conditions in the Region of Influence 

for the Proposed Southeast Expansion Project........................................................3-87 

Table 3.9.3-1 Existing Income and Employment Conditions Within the Region of Influence 

for the Proposed Southeast Expansion Project........................................................3-89 

Table 3.9.4-1 Housing Statistics Within the Region of Influence for the Proposed Southeast 

Expansion Project....................................................................................................3-90 

Table 3.9.6-1 Estimated Annual Taxes for the Proposed Southeast Expansion Project................3-91 

Table 3.9.7-1 Emergency Staff and Facilities in the Parish and Counties Affected by the 

Proposed Southeast Expansion Project ...................................................................3-92 

Table 3.11.1.1-1 National Ambient Air Quality Standards ................................................................3-96 

Table 3.11.1.2-1 Proposed Emissions for the Delhi Compressor Station...........................................3-98 

Table 3.11.1.2-2 Proposed Emissions for the Harrisville Compressor Station...................................3-99 

Table 3.11.1.2-3 Proposed Emissions for the Destin Compressor Station .........................................3-99 

Table 3.11.2.2-1 Existing Noise Levels at Nearest Noise-Sensitive Areas from the Proposed 

Southeast Expansion Project Compressor Stations ...............................................3-105 

Table 3.11.2.3-1 Summary of the Estimated A-Weighted Level and Calculated Ldn at the 

Closest NSA for Each HDD Site That Could Exceed the Benchmark Sound 

Criterion, Assuming That a Temporary Barrier is Not Employed ........................3-106 

Table 3.11.2.3-2 Predicted Noise Contribution of the Delhi Compressor Station NSAs .................3-108 

Table 3.11.2.3-3 Predicted Noise Contribution of the Harrisville Compressor Station NSAs.........3-108 

Table 3.11.2.3-4 Predicted Noise Contribution of the Destin Compressor Station NSAs ...............3-109 

Table 3.12.2-1 Natural Gas Service Incidents by Cause ...............................................................3-114 

Table 3.12.2-2 Outside Forces Incidents by Cause (1970 through 1984)......................................3-114 

Table 3.12.2-3 External Corrosion by Level of Control (1970 through June 1984)......................3-115 

Table 3.12.3-1 Annual Average Fatalities Natural Gas Transmission and Gathering System......3-116 

Table 3.12.3-2 Nationwide Accidental Deaths..............................................................................3-117 

Table 3.13.1-1 Existing or Proposed Natural Gas Projects That Would Cumulatively Impact 

Resources in the Southeast Expansion Project Area .............................................3-119 

Table 3.13.1-2 Environmental Resources That Would Be Cumulatively Affected During 

Construction and Operation of Projects in the Vicinity of the Proposed 

Southeast Expansion Project .................................................................................3-123 

Table 4.3-1 Comparison of Route Alternatives to the Proposed Southeast Expansion 

Project........................................................................................................................4-4 

Table 4.4-1 Route Variations Adopted for the Proposed Southeast Expansion Project ...............4-6 

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.1-1 General Location Map...............................................................................................2-2 

Figure 2.2.1-1 Typical Right-of-Way in Uplands.............................................................................2-9 

Figure 2.2.1-2 Typical Right-of-Way in Wetlands .........................................................................2-10 

Figure 2.3.1-1 Typical Pipeline Construction Sequence.................................................................2-14 

Figure 2.3.1-2 Typical Right-of-Way in Agriculture......................................................................2-15 

Figure 2.3.2-1 Typical HDD Installation Process...........................................................................2-20 

Figure 2.3.2.5-1 Typical Side Slope Workspace Construction Area .................................................2-26 

Figure 3.13-1 Approximate Location of Natural Gas Pipeline Projects Near the Proposed 

Southeast Expansion Project .................................................................................3-120 

Figure 4.5-1 Delhi Compressor Station Locations.......................................................................4-10 

Figure 4.5-2 Harrisville Compressor Station Locations...............................................................4-11 

Figure 4.5-3 Destin Compressor Station Locations .....................................................................4-12 

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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 

ACHP Advisory Council on Historic Preservation 

ADCR Alabama Department of Conservation and Recreation 

ADCNR Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources 

ADEM Alabama Department of Environmental Management 

AICPA American Institute of Certified Public Accountants 

AQCR Air Quality Control Regions 

ASOGB Alabama State Oil and Gas Board 

ATWS additional temporary work space 

BA Biological Assessment 

BACT best available control technology 

Bcf/d billion cubic feet per day 

BGEPA Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act 

BO Biological Opinion 

BOD Biological oxygen demand 

BTU British thermal units 

CAA Clean Air Act 

CAAA Clean Air Act Amendments 

CEGT CenterPoint Energy Transmission 

CEQ Council on Environmental Quality 

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and 

Liability Act 

Certificate Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity 

CFR Code of Federal Regulations 

CGT Columbia Gulf Transmission Corp. 

cm centimeter(s) 

CO carbon monoxide 

CO2 carbon dioxide 

COE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 

Columbia Columbia Gas Transmission 

Commission Federal Energy Regulatory Commission 

Crosstex Crosstex Mississippi Pipeline, LP 

CRP Conservation Reserve Program 

CTP Project Carthage to Perryville Project 

CWA Clean Water Act 

dBA A-weighted decibels 

dbh diameter at breast height 

Denbury Denbury Resources 

Destin Destin Pipeline Company, LLC 

DO dissolved oxygen 

DOT U.S. Department of Transportation 

EFH essential fish habitat 

EI environmental inspector 

EIA Energy Information Administration 

EIS environmental impact statement 

 ix 
EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 

ESA Endangered Species Act 

ESD emergency shut down 

ETM East Texas to Mississippi Expansion 

F Fahrenheit 

FAA Federal Aviation Administration 

FERC Federal Energy Regulatory Commission 

FSA Farm Service Agency 

FWS U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 

GSA Geologic Survey of Alabama 

Gulf South Gulf South Pipeline Company, L.P. 

HAP hazardous air pollutant 

HCA high consequence areas 

HDD horizontal directional drill 

HDD Plan Horizontal Directional Drill Plan 

Hp horsepower 

kPa kilopascals 

LAC Louisiana Administrative Code 

LDEQ Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality 

Ldn day-night sound level 

LDNR Louisiana Department of Natural Resources 

LDTD Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development 

LDWF Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries 

LGS Louisiana Geological Survey 

LNG liquefied natural gas 

m3 cubic meters 

MACT Maximum Achievable Control Technology 

MBTA Migratory Bird Treaty Act 

MAOP maximum allowable operating pressure 

MCEQ Mississippi Commission on Environmental Quality 

MDEQ Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality 

MDWFP Mississippi Natural Heritage Program 

Memorandum Memorandum of Understanding on Natural Gas Transportation 

Facilities 

mgd million gallons per day 

MLRA Major Land Resource Area 

MLV mainline block valves 

MMNS Mississippi Museum of Natural Science 

MMRI Mississippi Mineral Resources Institute

MNHP Mississippi Natural Heritage Program 

MP milepost 

M/R meter and regulation 

msl mean sea level 

NAPPO North American Plant Protection Organization 

NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards 

NEPA National Environmental Policy Act 

 x 
NESHAP National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants 

NGA Natural Gas Act 

NGPSA Natural Gas Pipeline Safety Act 

NHPA National Historic Preservation Act 

NMFS National Marine Fisheries Service 

NMHC non-methane hydrocarbons 

NNSR Nonattainment New Source Review 

NOI Notice of Intent 

NO2 nitrogen dioxide 

NOx nitrogen oxides 

NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System 

NPS National Park Service 

NRCS Natural Resources Conservation Service 

NRHP National Register of Historic Places 

NRI Nationwide Rivers Inventory 

NSA nearest noise sensitive area 

NSPS new source performance standards 

NSR New Source Review 

O3 ozone 

OD outside diameter 

OEP Office of Energy Projects 

OPS Office of Pipeline Safety 

PEM palustrine emergent 

Petal Gas Petal Gas Storage, LLC 

PFO palustrine forested 

PHMSA Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration 

Plan Upland Erosion Control, Revegetation, and Maintenance Plan 

PM particulate matter 

Procedures Wetland and Waterbody Construction and Mitigation 

Procedures 

PSD prevention of significant deterioration 

psig pounds per square inch gauge 

PSS palustrine scrub-shrub 

RCW red-cockaded woodpecker 

Secretary Secretary of the Commission 

SESH Southeast Supply Header 

SHPO State Historic Preservation Office 

SI spark ignition 

SO2 sulfur oxides, measured as sulfur dioxide 

SONRIS Strategic Natural Resources Information System 

Southern Natural Southern Natural Gas Company 

SPCC Spill Prevention, Containment, and Control 

SEGT Spectra Energy Gas Transmission 

SSURGO Soil Survey Geographic 

SWPPP Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan 

Tcf trillion cubic feet 

 xi 
Tennessee Gas Tennessee Gas Pipeline Company 

tpy tons per year 

Transco Transcontinental Pipe Line Company 

USC United States Code 

USDA U.S. Department of Agriculture 

USDI United States Department of the Interior 

USGS U.S. Geological Survey 

UST underground storage tank 

VOC volatile organic compounds 

WRP Wetland Reserve Program 

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