# Patent

## Title
Golf club head with variable face thickness

## Abstract

A face for a golf club head is disclosed herein. The face has an interior surface comprising a central region having a first perimeter having an elliptical shape, an outer edge having a non-elliptical, driver-face profile shape, a first intermediate region located between the first perimeter and the outer edge, the first intermediate region having a second perimeter with a shape that is more similar to the shape of the first perimeter than the shape of the outer edge, and a second intermediate region located between the second perimeter and the outer edge, the second intermediate region having a third perimeter with a shape that is more like the shape of the outer edge than the shape of the first perimeter. The thicknesses of the perimeters of the face disclosed herein may vary around their respective circumferences.

## Background
CROSS REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
The present application is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/248,817, filed on Sep. 29, 2011, and issued on Apr. 15, 2014, as U.S. Pat. No. 8,696,489, which is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/220,287, filed on Aug. 29, 2011, and issued on Feb. 19, 2013, as U.S. Pat. No. 8,376,876, which is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/711,435, filed on Feb. 24, 2010, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,012,041, which claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/305,844, filed on Feb. 18, 2010, and claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §120 as a continuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/268,181, filed on Nov. 10, 2008, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,713,140, which is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/928,318, filed on Oct. 30, 2007, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,448,960, which is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/841,384, filed on Aug. 20, 2007, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,422,528, which is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/469,742, filed on Sep. 1, 2006, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,258,626, which is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/904,332, filed on Nov. 4, 2004, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,101,289, which is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/711,825, filed on Oct. 7, 2004, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,137,907.


STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT
Not Applicable
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a golf club head with variable face thickness.
2. Description of the Related Art
Conventional golf club head designs are limited with regard to the maximum face area, both physical and practical limitations. The physical limitation is due to the golf club head having insufficient mass to both increase the length and width of the golf club head and also to increase the face size without exceeding the upper range of the preferred total golf club head mass. Such mass distributions are dependent on minimum wall thickness values required to achieve acceptable in-service durability.
Further, the thinning of the face thickness of a large face area golf club head will result in a golf club head that does not conform with the United States Golf Association's “Pendulum Test” which measures the characteristic time of the golf club head. The characteristic time is the contact time between metal mass attached to a pendulum that strikes the face center of the golf club head at a low speed. The limit is 239 microseconds with a test tolerance of 18 microseconds. The United States Golf Association (“USGA”) states that this characteristic time corresponds to a coefficient of restitution of 0.822 with a test tolerance of 0.008.
Uniformly increasing the thickness of the face portion typically requires the addition of large amounts of material to adequately reduce the stress sufficient to prevent impact and/or fatigue cracking. However, the addition of such a large amount of material to a face generally adversely affects the performance of the golf club.
One of the first patents to disclose variable face thickness was U.S. Pat. No. 5,318,300 to Schmidt et al., for a Metal Wood Golf Club With Variable Faceplate Thickness which was filed on Nov. 2, 1992. Schmidt et al discloses thickening the faceplate to prevent cracking.
A further disclosure of variable face thickness is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,830,084 to Kosmatka for a Contoured Golf Club Face which was filed on Oct. 23, 1996. Kosmatka addresses contouring the face to thicken certain regions while thinning other regions depending on the stress load experienced by such regions. Kosmatka also discloses a method for designing a face plate according to measured stress levels experienced during impact with a golf ball. Kosmatka, U.S. Pat. No. 5,971,868 for a Contoured Back Surface Of Golf Club Face, filed on Nov. 18, 1997, discloses similar contouring for an iron.
A more recent disclosure is Noble et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,954,596, for a Golf Club Head With Reinforced Front Wall, which was filed on Dec. 4, 1997. Noble et al. discloses a face plate with the thickness portion at the geometric center, and gradually decreasing toward the top and bottom, and the sole and heel. The top and bottom ends along a line through geometric center have the same thickness, and the heel and sole ends along a line through geometric center have the same thickness.
Other references make partial disclosure of varying face thickness. One example is FIG. 8 of U.S. Pat. No. 5,505,453 which illustrates an interior surface of a face with a bulging center and decreasing thickness towards the heel and sole ends, similar to Noble et al. Another example is FIGS. 4C and 4D of U.S. Pat. No. 5,346,216 which discloses a bulging center that decreases in thickness toward the heel and sole ends, and the top and bottom end of the face, similar to Noble et al. However, the prior art has failed to design a face or face plate that varies the thickness according to predicted golf ball impact points on the face.
What is needed is a light weight face that conforms to the USGA characteristic time test.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed at a face with variable thickness that allows for a light-weight face or face insert that conforms to the USGA characteristic time test. The present invention is able to accomplish this by providing an interior surface that comprises at least a first thickness section and a second thickness region.
Having briefly described the present invention, the above and further objects, features and advantages thereof will be recognized by those skilled in the pertinent art from the following detailed description of the invention when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a plan isolated view of a preferred embodiment of an interior surface of a face of the present invention.
FIG. 1A is a plan isolated view of a preferred embodiment of an interior surface of a face of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a plan isolated view of an alternative embodiment of an interior surface of a face of the present invention.
FIG. 2A is a plan isolated view of an alternative embodiment of an interior surface of a face of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an exploded top perspective view of a golf club head.
FIG. 4 is a front view of a golf club head of FIG. 3.
FIG. 5 is a rear view of a golf club head of FIG. 3.
FIG. 6 is a front view of the body of a golf club head of FIG. 3.
FIG. 6A is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 6A-6A of FIG. 6.
FIG. 7 is a top plan view of a golf club head illustrating the Y axis and X axis.
FIG. 8 is a front view of a golf club head.
FIG. 9 is a front plan view of a golf club head of the present invention illustrating the Z axis and Y axis.
FIG. 10 is a heel side plan view of a golf club of the present invention illustrating the Z axis and X axis.
FIG. 11 is a toe side view of the golf club head of FIG. 3.
FIG. 12 is a bottom plan view of the golf club head of FIG. 3.
FIG. 13 is an exploded top perspective of a golf club head of according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 14 is a toe side view of the golf club head of FIG. 13.
FIG. 15 is a heel side view of the golf club head of FIG. 13.
FIG. 16 is an exploded top perspective of the golf club head according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 17 is a bottom plan view of the golf club head of FIG. 16.
FIG. 18 is a top plan view of the golf club head of FIG. 16.
FIG. 19 is a plan isolated view of an alternative embodiment of an interior surface of a face of the present invention.
FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A of FIG. 19.
FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line B-B of FIG. 19.
FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line C-C of FIG. 19.
FIG. 23A is a plan isolated view of an alternative embodiment of an interior surface of a face of the present invention.
FIG. 23B is another plan isolated view of an embodiment of an interior surface of a face of the present invention.
FIG. 24 is a plan isolated view of an alternative embodiment of an interior surface of a face of the present invention.
FIG. 25 is a plan isolated view of yet another embodiment of an interior surface of a face of the present invention.
FIG. 26 is another plan isolated view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 25.
FIG. 27 is a graph plotting the thicknesses of various points of the face shown in FIG. 26.
FIG. 28 is a plan isolated view of yet another embodiment of an interior surface of a face of the present invention.
FIG. 29 is a plan isolated view of yet another embodiment of an interior surface of a face of the present invention.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed at a face for a wood-type golf club head. The face or face insert is generally designated 40. As shown in FIG. 1, an embodiment of the face 40 has a first thickness section 200 in the shape of a cross and a second thickness region 205 defining an interior surface 40b of the face 40. A transition portion 210 is disposed between the first thickness section 200 and the second thickness region 205.
Preferably, the first thickness section 200 has a thickness ranging from 0.100 inch to 0.200 inch, and more preferably from 0.125 inch to 0.165 inch, and most preferably approximately 0.155 inch. The second thickness region 205 preferably has a thickness ranging from 0.030 inch to 0.090 inch, more preferably from 0.050 inch to 0.070 inch, and most preferably 0.060 inch. The transition portion 210 preferably has a thickness that tapers from the thickness of the first thickness section 200 to the thickness of the second thickness region 205 to allow for a smooth contouring interior surface 40b as opposed to a surface with ribs.
Also in a preferred embodiment, the first thickness section 200 has a thickness that is at least 0.025 inch greater than the thickness of the second thickness region 205. More preferably, the first thickness section 200 has a thickness that is at least 0.050 inch greater than the thickness of the second thickness region 205. Even more preferably, the first thickness section 200 has a thickness that is at least 0.075 inch greater than the thickness of the second thickness region 205. Yet even more preferably, the first thickness section 200 has a thickness that is at least 0.090 inch greater than the thickness of the second thickness region 205.
The thickness within the first thickness section 200 is preferably uniform. However, in an alternative embodiment, the thickness within the first thickness section 200 preferably varies up to 0.020 inch, more preferably up to 0.010 inch, and most preferably up to 0.005 inch. The thickness within the second thickness region 205 is preferably uniform. However, in an alternative embodiment, the thickness within the second thickness region 205 preferably varies up to 0.020 inch, more preferably up to 0.010 inch, and most preferably up to 0.005 inch.
The face or face insert 40 has a perimeter 240 with a top perimeter line 240a and a bottom perimeter line 240b. As shown in FIG. 1, the face 40 preferably has a width, “Wf”, that preferably ranges from 3.50 inches to 5.00 inches, and a height, “Hf”, that preferably ranges from 1.80 inches to 2.50 inches. The center of the face 40 is generally designated point 300. The face preferably has a mass ranging from 25 grams to 40 grams and most preferably 29 grams.
An alternative, preferred embodiment wherein the first thickness section 200 has a “X” shape is shown in FIG. 2. In this embodiment of the face 40, the first thickness section 200, the second thickness region 205 and the transition portion 210 have the same dimensions as discussed above in reference to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1.
As shown in FIG. 1A, the first thickness section 200 preferably includes upper extension section 350a, lower extension section 350b, heel extension section 350c, toe extension section 350d and central section 350e. The second thickness region 205 preferably includes an upper toe region 330, an upper heel region 332, a lower heel region 334 and a lower toe region 236. The first thickness section also preferably includes upper heel perimeter section 352a, lower heel perimeter section 352b, upper toe perimeter section 352c and lower toe section 352d. Each of the perimeter sections 352a-d defines the perimeter of the face 40 and also partially defines each of the second thickness regions 330, 332, 334 and 336.
As shown in FIG. 1A, the transition portion 210 preferably includes a transition upper toe portion 360, a transition upper heel portion 361, a transition lower heel portion 362 and a transition lower toe portion 363. Each of the transition portions 210 has a width from 0.05 inch to 0.15 inch, more preferably from 0.07 inch to 0.11 inch, and most preferably 0.09 inch.
As shown in FIG. 2A, the first thickness section 200 preferably includes a toe vertical section 220, a heel vertical section 222 and a central horizontal section 224. The heel vertical section 222 and the toe vertical section 220 preferably extend from the top perimeter 240a of the face 40 to the bottom perimeter 240b of the face 40. The central horizontal section 224 extends between the toe vertical section 220 and the heel vertical section 222, preferably about the face center 300. In a preferred embodiment, each of the toe vertical section 220 and the heel vertical section 222 has a top end 250a and 250b and bottom end 252a and 252b. The width of each of the toe vertical section 220 and the heel vertical section 222 “Wv”, as shown in FIG. 2A, preferably ranges from 0.15 inch to 0.50 inch, more preferably from 0.20 inch to 0.35 inch, and most preferably 0.275 inch. The first thickness section 200 also preferably includes heel perimeter section 270a, upper perimeter section 270b, toe perimeter section 270c and lower perimeter section 270d. Each of the perimeter sections 270a-d defines the perimeter of the face 40 and also partially defines each of the second thickness regions 230, 232, 234 and 236.
As shown in FIG. 2A, the second thickness region 205 preferably includes an upper central region 230, a lower central region 232, a toe region 234 and a heel region 236. Each of the upper central region 230 and the lower central region are smaller in area than each of the toe region 234 and the heel region 236.
As shown in FIG. 2A, the transition portion 210 preferably includes a transition toe portion 260, a transition heel portion 261, a transition lower portion 262 and a transition upper portion 263. Each of the transition portions 210 has a width from 0.05 inch to 0.15 inch, more preferably from 0.07 inch to 0.11 inch, and most preferably 0.09 inch.
An alternative embodiment wherein the first thickness section 200 has a substantially “X” shape is shown in FIG. 19. In one embodiment of the face 40, the first thickness section 200, the second thickness region 205 (which preferably includes an upper central region 230, a lower central region 232, a toe region 234 and a heel region 236) and the transition portion 210 may have the same dimensions as discussed above in reference to the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and/or 2A. The “X” shape of the alternative embodiment shown in FIG. 19 is rotated around a Y axis 500, extending from the toe end 38 of the golf club head 20 to the heel end 36 of the golf club head 20, by at least 10 degrees, such that the heel vertical section 222, the toe vertical section 220, and the central horizontal section 224 are disposed diagonally across the face 40. In another embodiment, the X shape is rotated around the Y axis 500 by between 12 and 18 degrees. In a preferred embodiment, the X shape is rotated around the Y axis 500 by approximately 15 degrees to track an elliptical hit pattern. The angle of rotation 405, which preferably is greater than 10 degrees, is shown in FIG. 19 as θ.
The embodiment shown in FIG. 19 may also comprise a central region 400 having a third thickness within the first thickness section 200. This central region 400 may have the shape of an X, or it may have any other shape, such as an oval, a circle, a square, or another polygonal shape. In one embodiment, the thickness of the central region 400 is greater than the first thickness section 200. In another embodiment, the first thickness section 200 is greater than the thickness of the central region 400, such that the central region 400 constitutes a recess within the first thickness section 200. In yet another embodiment, the thickness of the central region 400 is less than that of the second thickness region 205. In yet another embodiment, the thickness of the central region 400 is approximately equivalent to the second thickness region 205. In another embodiment, the central region 400 comprises an isogrid. In an embodiment wherein the central region 400 constitutes a recess within the first thickness section 200, the recess may be filled with a soft material such as urethane.
In a further embodiment, the face 40 comprises a transition section 410 which transitions from the first thickness section 200 to the third thickness of the central region 400. This transition section 410 may comprise multiple steps of increasing or decreasing thickness, depending on the thickness of the central region 400.
In another embodiment, the transition portion 210 has at least two transition thickness regions, a first transition thickness region 210a and a second transition thickness region 210b, located proximate to at least the heel region 236 and toe region 234, wherein the first transition thickness region 210a is thinner than the second transition thickness region 210b. In another embodiment, the transition portion 210 further comprises a third transition thickness region 210c (shown in FIGS. 19 and 20) that is thicker than both of the first two transition thickness regions 210a, 210b, and thinner than the first thickness section 200. In yet another embodiment, the transition portion 210 proximate the heel region 236 and the transition portion 210 proximate the toe region 234 together form a substantially annular shape.
In one embodiment, the first thickness section 200 has a thickness ranging from 0.100 inch to 0.200 inch, more preferably from 0.125 inch to 0.175 inch, and most preferably approximately 0.150 inch. The central region 400 has a thickness ranging from 0.020 inch to 0.250 inch, more preferably from 0.075 inch to 0.125 inch, and most preferably approximately 0.090 inch. The second thickness region 205 preferably has a thickness ranging from 0.030 inch to 0.150 inch, more preferably from 0.050 inch to 0.125 inch, and most preferably from 0.080 inch to 0.110 inch. In an embodiment wherein the second thickness region 205 comprises an upper central region 230, a lower central region 232, a toe region 234, and a heel region 236, the upper central region 230 preferably has a thickness of approximately 0.105 inch, the lower central region 232 preferably has a thickness of approximately 0.092 inch, the toe region preferably has a thickness of approximately 0.095 inch, and the heel region preferably has a thickness of approximately 0.095 inch. The transition portion 210 has a thickness ranging from 0.75 inch to 0.175 inch, more preferably from 0.90 inch to 0.110 inch, and most preferably approximately 0.100 inch. In an embodiment wherein the transition region comprises more than one transition thickness region 210a, 210b, 210c, the second transition thickness region 210b is approximately 0.100 inch, the first transition thickness region 210a is less than 0.100 inch, and the third transition thickness region 210c is greater than 0.100 inch.
FIG. 20 best illustrates the thickness variation of an embodiment of the face 40 shown in FIG. 19 along line A-A. The second thickness region 205, transition portion 210 and its transition thickness regions 210a, 210b, 210c, the first thickness section 200, and the central region 400 are shown. FIG. 21 best illustrates the thickness variation of an embodiment of the face 40 shown in FIG. 19 along line B-B. The second thickness region 205, the transition portion 210, first thickness section 200, and the central region 400 are shown. FIG. 22 best illustrates the thickness variation of an embodiment of the face 40 shown in FIG. 19 along line C-C. FIG. 22 illustrates the thickness of the legs of the “X” shape, and shows the first thickness section 200 and the central region 400. In some embodiments, the first thickness section 200 may decrease along the legs of the “X” shape away from the central region 400 and towards the perimeter of the face 40 as shown in FIG. 22.
An alternative embodiment wherein the first thickness section 200 and the transition portion 210 have a substantially “X” shape is shown in FIGS. 23A and 23B. This embodiment of the face 40 combines the hyperbolic face technology described in, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,137,907, 7,101,289, 7,258,626, and 7,422,528, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference in their entirety herein, and the variable face thickness technology disclosed in, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,354,692, 6,368,234, 6,398,666, 6,623,377, and 6,435,977, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety herein. In this embodiment, a central region 400 may also have a substantially X shape.
The embodiments of the face 40 shown in FIGS. 23A and 23B comprise a substantially X shaped first thickness section 200 and transition portion 210 that may have the same dimensions as discussed above in reference to the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 2A, and/or 19. The height 290 of the face 40 in these embodiments ranges from 1.8 inches to 2.5 inches, and is preferably approximately 1.983 inches as shown in FIG. 23A or 2.414 inches as shown in FIG. 23B. The width 292 of the face 40 in these embodiments ranges from 3.5 inches to 5.0 inches, and is preferably approximately 3.896 inches as shown in FIG. 23A or between 4.060 and 4.563 inches as shown in FIG. 23B.
The embodiments of the face 40 shown in FIGS. 23A and 23B also have a plurality of concentric elliptical regions 280, 282, 284, 286, 288 of varying thicknesses. Each of these elliptical regions 280, 282, 284, 286, 288 may have substantially consistent thicknesses throughout the respective region, or may vary in thickness throughout the respective region 280, 282, 284, 286, 288. A central elliptical region 280 proximate to the center of the face preferably has the greatest thickness of the elliptical regions, and preferably has a thickness that ranges from 0.105 inch to 0.091 inch with reference to FIG. 23A and from 0.129 to 0.154 inch as shown in FIG. 23B. A first concentric region 282 preferably has the next greatest thickness of the elliptical regions, and preferably has a thickness that ranges from 0.098 inch to 0.084 inch with reference to FIG. 23A and from 0.108 to 0.139 inch as shown in FIG. 23B. A second concentric region 284 preferably has the next greatest thickness of the elliptical regions, and preferably has a thickness that ranges from 0.090 inch to 0.076 inch with reference to FIG. 23A and from 0.092 to 0.131 inch as shown in FIG. 23B. A third concentric region 286 preferably has the next greatest thickness of the elliptical regions, and preferably has a thickness that is approximately 0.081 inch with reference to FIG. 23A and ranges from 0.072 to 0.106 inch as shown in FIG. 23B. A fourth concentric region 288 preferably has the next greatest thickness of the elliptical regions, and preferably has a thickness that is approximately 0.061 to 0.084 inch as shown in FIG. 23B. The face may also comprise a periphery region 289 having a thickness that is less than or equal to that of the nearest concentric region, such as approximately 0.071 inch.
Each of the elliptical regions shown in FIGS. 23A and 23B may be separated from one another by transition regions that gradually decrease in thickness from the center to the periphery of the face 40. The interior surface of the face 40 may also comprise a step-like surface, wherein the transition regions abruptly drop in thickness between the elliptical regions from the center to the periphery of the face 40.
The X shaped first thickness region 200, the transition portion 210, the central region 400, and the concentric elliptical regions 280, 282, 284, 286, 288 disclosed herein and shown in FIGS. 23A and 23B may be disposed along the interior surface of the face 40 at certain coordinates along a Y axis 500, extending from the toe end 38 of the face 40 to the heel end 36 of the face 40, and a Z axis 505, extending from the crown 24 to the sole 26 of the face 40. The first thickness region 200 may extend from a range of −0.5 inches to 0.5 inches along the Y axis 500, and preferably from −0.3525 inches to 0.3525 inches along the Y axis 500, and from a range of 0.325 inches to −0.325 inches along the Z axis 505, and preferably from 0.175 inches to −0.175 inches along the Z axis 505. The transition portion 210 may extend from a range of −0.85 inches to 0.85 inches along the Y axis 500, and preferably from −0.5025 inches to 0.5025 inches along the Y axis 500, and from a range of 0.8 inches to −0.8 inches along the Z axis 505, and preferably from 0.325 inches to −0.325 inches along the Z axis 505. The central elliptical region 280 may extend from a range of −1.0 inches to 1.0 inches along the Y axis 500, and preferably from −0.8325 inches to 0.8325 inches along the Y axis, and from a range of 0.7 inches to −0.7 inches along the Z axis 505, and preferably from 0.545 inches to −0.545 inches along the Z axis 505. The central elliptical region 280 may have a width of 1.115 inches and a height of 0.635 inch, as shown in FIG. 23B.
The first concentric region 282 may extend from a range of −1.5 inches to 1.5 inches along the Y axis 500, and preferably from −1.1125 inches to 1.1125 inches along the Y axis 500, and from a range of 0.8 inches to −0.8 inches along the Z axis 505, and preferably from 0.695 inches to −0.695 inches along the Z axis 505. The first concentric region 282 may have a width of 2.146 inches and a height of 1.129 inches, as shown in FIG. 23B. The second concentric region 284 may extend from a range of −1.6 inches to 1.6 inches along the Y axis 500, and preferably from −1.3925 to 1.3925 inches along the Y axis 500, and from a range of 0.9 inches to −0.9 inches along the Z axis 505, and preferably from 0.845 inches to −0.845 inches along the Z axis 505. The second concentric region 284 may have a width of 2.941 inches and a height of 1.510 inches, as shown in FIG. 23B. The third concentric region 286 may extend from a range of −1.8 inches to 1.8 inches along the Y axis 500, and preferably from −1.6725 inches to 1.6725 inches along the Y axis 500, and from a range of 1 inch to −1 inch along the Z axis 505, and preferably from 0.9915 inches to −0.9915 inches along the Z axis 505. The third concentric region 286 may have a width of 3.589 inches and a height of 1.810 inches, as shown in FIG. 23B. Furthermore, the fourth concentric region 288 may have a width of 4.060 inches, also shown in FIG. 23B.
Though the embodiment disclosed in FIG. 23A comprises four elliptical thickness regions and the embodiment disclosed in FIG. 23B comprises five elliptical thickness regions, a person of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the invention encompasses embodiments comprising a plurality of thickness regions that may be more or less than four or five.
Another embodiment of the present invention is disclosed in FIG. 24, which shows an embodiment of a golf club head 20 with a face 40 having an outer edge 1100 with a non-elliptical, driver-face profile shape that matches or is similar to an outer mold line (OML) of the club head 20. This embodiment of the club face 40 further includes a central region 1010 with a first perimeter 1015, a first intermediate region 1020 located between the outer edge 1100 and the perimeter 1015 of the central region 1010, the first intermediate region 1020 having a second perimeter 1025, a second intermediate region 1030 located between the outer edge 1100 and the perimeter 1025 of the first intermediate region 1020, the second intermediate region 1030 having a third perimeter 1035, a third intermediate region 1040 located between the outer edge 1100 and the perimeter 1035 of the second intermediate region 1030, the third intermediate region 1040 having a fourth perimeter 1045, and a fourth intermediate region 1050 between the outer edge 1100 and the perimeter 1045 of the third intermediate region 1040, the fourth intermediate region 1050 having the outer edge 1100 as its approximate perimeter.
Though the embodiment disclosed in FIG. 24 comprises the regions described herein, a person of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the invention encompasses embodiments comprising a plurality of thickness regions that may be greater or less in number than those shown in FIG. 24.
As shown in FIG. 24, the shapes of the perimeters 1015, 1025, 1035, 1045 of each of the central region 1010 and the intermediate regions 1020, 1030, 1040 gradually and smoothly transition from an elliptical shape, which is the shape of the perimeter 1015 of the central region 1010, to a non-elliptical, driver-face profile shape, which is the shape of the outer edge 1100. This configuration of perimeter 1015, 1025, 1035, 1045 shapes allows for smoother transitions between the various thicknesses of the intermediate regions 1020, 1030, 1040, 1050 and the outer edge 1100.
The thicknesses of the intermediate regions 1020, 1030, 1040, 1050 preferably vary in a radial direction, or from the central region 1010 towards the outer edge 1100. Furthermore, the thicknesses of the perimeters 1015, 1025, 1035, 1045 themselves preferably vary around their circumferences instead of remaining constant. For example, in one embodiment, the perimeters 1015, 1025, 1035, 1045 of the face 40 disclosed herein have the thickness distributions disclosed in Table 1 below:







TABLE 1







Thickness in Inches













Face 40

High
High
High

Low


Location
Heel
Heel
Center
Toe
Toe
Center





First
0.1121
0.1131
0.1280
0.1207
0.1197
0.1116


Perimeter


1015


Second
0.1021
0.1031
0.1160
0.1077
0.1077
0.0996


Perimeter


1025


Third
0.0820
0.0830
0.1002
0.0970
0.0980
0.0841


Perimeter


1035


Fourth
0.0710
0.0720
0.0910
0.0870
0.0890
0.0780


Perimeter


1045









In another embodiment of the present invention, the embodiment shown in FIG. 24 further includes an “X” shaped thickness pattern 2000 shown in FIGS. 2, 2A, 19, and 23 and described in detail herein. This pattern 2000 is effectively superimposed over or proximate to the face 40 regions 1020, 1030, 1040, 1050 and perimeters 1015, 1025, 1035, 1045 described above and herein. This combination of thickness patterns is shown in FIGS. 25 and 26. The “X” shaped thickness pattern 2000 may be integrally cast, formed, forged, and/or machined on the face 40 with the pattern shown in FIG. 24 and described herein, or may be affixed thereto after the face 40 is formed via adhesive, welding, or another method known to those skilled in the art.
As shown in FIGS. 25 and 26, the face 40 of this embodiment includes the outer edge 1100 and each of the regions 1010, 1020, 1030, 1040, 1050 and perimeters 1015, 1025, 1035, 1045, disclosed above. For the purposes of describing the embodiment shown in FIGS. 25 and 26, the regions 1010, 1020, 1030, 1040, 1050 and perimeters 1015, 1025, 1035, 1045 are collectively referred to as the face 40 membrane 1500. This embodiment further includes an “X” shaped thickness pattern 2000 superimposed on the membrane 1500 and comprising a central section 2010 with four legs 2020, 2030, 2040, 2050 extending towards the outer edge 1100. Each part of the “X” shaped thickness pattern 2000 preferably is thicker than or equal to whichever region 1010, 1020, 1030, 1040, 1050 over which it is superimposed.
The “X” shaped thickness pattern 2000 preferably further includes a transition section 2100, whereby the thickness of the central section 2010 and legs 2020, 2030, 2040, 2050 decrease across the transition section 2100 until they are equivalent to the thickness of the regions 1010, 1020, 1030, 1040, 1050 of the membrane 1500 in which they are located. In other words, the transition section 2100 helps blend the edges of the “X” shaped thickness pattern 2000 with the membrane 1500 of the face 40.
The thickness of the central section 2010 preferably is equivalent to or thicker than the arms and the membrane 1500 of the face 40, while the legs 2020, 2030, 2040, 2050 decrease in thickness as they extend from the central section 2010 to the outer edge 1100. The legs 2020, 2030, 2040, 2050 preferably blend with the membrane 1500 as they extend toward the outer edge 1100, and more preferably have the same thickness as the membrane 1500 before they reach the outer edge 1100, as shown in FIG. 26. The graph shown in FIG. 27 illustrates how, in a preferred embodiment, the thicknesses of the membrane 1500 and legs 2020, 2030, 2040, 2050 approach each other as distance from the center point of the face 40 increases. By the time the legs 2020, 2030, 2040, 2050 are close to or reach the outer edge 1100, or, as shown in FIG. 27, the fourth perimeter 1045, the thicknesses of the legs 2020, 2030, 2040, 2050 and the membrane 1500 are equivalent. This configuration minimizes stresses on the face 40 while preserving the desired coefficient of restitution of the face 40. The thickness of the central section 2010 may remain constant in this embodiment, and the perimetric thicknesses may vary, as shown in Table 2 below.







TABLE 2







Thickness in Inches













Face 40

High
High
High

Low


Location
Heel
Heel
Center
Toe
Toe
Center











Central
0.165


Section


2010













First
0.1121
0.1131
0.1280
0.1207
0.1197
0.1116


Perimeter


1015


Second
0.1021
0.1031
0.1160
0.1077
0.1077
0.0996


Perimeter


1025


Third
0.0820
0.0830
0.1002
0.0970
0.0980
0.0841


Perimeter


1035


Fourth
0.0710
0.0720
0.0910
0.0870
0.0890
0.0780


Perimeter


1045









FIGS. 28 and 29 show embodiments of the “X” shaped thickness pattern 2000 that may be superimposed on a membrane 1500, and also illustrate how to define where transition sections 2100 blend or become flush with the membrane 1500. As shown in FIG. 28, the “X” shaped thickness pattern 2000 has a small central section 2010, four narrow legs 2020, 2030, 2040, 2050, and a transition section 2100. The point at which the transition section 2100 surrounding the central section 2010 becomes flush with the membrane 1500 can be determined by drawing an ellipse 2200, which is coincident with the central region perimeter 1015 of the membrane 1500, around the central section 2010 to define the edges of the transition section 2100. The ellipse 2200 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 28 has a width of 1.115 inches and a height of 0.635 inch, and encompasses a central section 2010 having an overall width of 0.615 inch and a height of 0.305 inch. The ellipse 2200 may also correspond to or exactly overlie a central region 1010 of the membrane 1500 over which the “X” shaped thickness pattern 2000 may be superimposed. Each of the legs 2020, 2030, 2040, 2050 preferably extends at 90 degree angles from their neighbors.
The “X” shaped thickness pattern 2000 shown in FIG. 29 also has a central section 2010, four legs 2020, 2030, 2040, 2050, and a transition section 2100. The points at which the transition section 2100 surrounding the legs 2020, 2030, 2040, 2050 becomes flush with the membrane 1500 can be defined by drawing two or more ellipses 2220, 2240 around the legs 2020, 2030, 2040, 2050. The first circumferential shape is used to define the points at which each of the legs 2020, 2030, 2040, 2050 transition from the parabolic curves that define the central section 2010 and extend from the central section 2010. The second circumferential shape 2240 is used to define the points at which the transition section 2100 blends with the membrane 1500.
The embodiments of the face or face insert 40 disclosed herein may be used with various golf club heads 20. A preferred embodiment of a golf club head is illustrated in FIGS. 3-10. Alternative embodiments of golf club heads are illustrated in FIGS. 11-18. Although three embodiments are illustrated, those skilled in the pertinent art will recognize from this disclosure that other embodiments of the golf club head using a face or face insert of the present invention are possible without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention.
A golf club head is generally designated 20. The golf club head 20 has a body 22, which includes a crown 24, a sole 26, a ribbon 28, a front wall 30 and a hollow interior 34. The golf club head 20 has a heel end 36, a toe end 38, and an aft end 37.
The golf club head 20, when designed as a driver, preferably has a volume from 200 cubic centimeters to 600 cubic centimeters, more preferably from 300 cubic centimeters to 500 cubic centimeters, and most preferably from 385 cubic centimeters to 475 cubic centimeters. The golf club head 20 preferably has a mass no more than 250 grams, and most preferably a mass of 170 to 250 grams.
As shown in FIGS. 3-10, in one embodiment of the golf club head 20, the front wall 30 has an opening 32 and preferably a recessed portion 33. The face insert 40 is disposed within the opening 32. The ribbon 28 of the body 22 has an aft-recess 52 located opposite of the face insert 40, and a rear weighting member 50 is disposed within the aft-recess 52. The body 22 is preferably composed of a non-metal material, preferably a composite material such as a continuous fiber pre-preg material (including thermosetting materials or thermoplastic materials for the resin). Other materials for the body 22 include thermosetting materials or thermoplastic materials such as injectable plastics. The body 22 is preferably manufactured through bladder-molding, resin transfer molding, resin infusion, injection molding, compression molding, or a similar process. Alternatively, the body 22 may be composed of a lightweight metallic material, such as magnesium alloys, aluminum alloys, magnesium, aluminum, titanium, titanium alloys, or other low density metals. The body 22 may also be composed of a type of steel, such as stainless steel or other steel alloys.
The face insert 40 is attached to the body 22 over the opening 32 of the front wall 30. Preferably the face insert 40 is positioned over and attached to the recessed portion 33 of the front wall 30.
The face insert 40 is preferably composed of a formed metal material. However, the face insert 40 may also be composed of a machined metal material, a forged metal material, a cast metal material or the like. The face insert 40 preferably is composed of a titanium or steel material. Titanium materials suitable for the face insert 40 include pure titanium and titanium alloys. Other metals for the face insert 40 include high strength steel alloy metals and amorphous metals. The exterior surface 40a of the face insert 40 typically has a plurality of scorelines thereon, not shown.
The face insert 40 is preferably co-molded with the body 22 or press-fitted into the opening 32 subsequent to fabrication of the body 22. In another attachment process, the body 22 is first bladder molded and then the face insert 40 is bonded to the recessed portion 33 of the front wall 30 using an adhesive. The adhesive is placed on the exterior surface of the recessed portion 33. Such adhesives include thermosetting adhesives in a liquid or a film medium. In yet another attachment process, the body 22 is first bladder molded and then the face insert 40 is mechanically secured to the body 22. Those skilled in the pertinent art will recognize that other methods for attachment of the face insert 40 to the body 22 may be composed without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention.
As mentioned above, the non-metallic body 22 is preferably composed of a plurality of plies of pre-preg, typically six or seven plies (preferably ranging from three plies to twenty plies) such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,248,025, entitled Composite Golf Head And Method Of Manufacturing, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. In such an embodiment, the crown 24, the sole 26 and the ribbon 28 preferably range in thickness from 0.010 inch to 0.100 inch, more preferably from 0.025 inch to 0.070 inch, even more preferably from 0.028 inch to 0.040 inch, and most preferably have a thickness of 0.033 inch. The front wall 30 preferably has a thickness greater than the thickness of the crown 24, sole 26 or ribbon 28. The thickness of the front wall preferably ranges from 0.030 to 0.150 inch, more preferably from 0.050 inch to 0.100 inch, even more preferably from 0.070 inch to 0.090 inch, and most preferably the front wall 30 has a thickness of 0.080 inch.
FIGS. 6 and 6A best illustrate the hollow interior 34 of the golf club head 20. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 6A, the recessed portion 33 of the front wall 30 encompasses the opening 32 forming a support for placement and attachment of the face insert 40 thereon. The front wall 30 has a shoulder 75 that preferably engages a perimeter 77 of the face insert 40. A portion of the interior surface of the face insert 40 will engage the exterior surface of the recessed portion 33 of the front wall 30. The thickness of the recessed portion 33 of the front wall 30 is preferably thicker than the crown 24, the sole 26 or the ribbon 28.
Also shown in FIG. 6A is the hosel 57, which is disposed within the hollow interior 34, and is located near the heel end 36. The hosel 57 is preferably composed of an aluminum material, and preferably has a mass ranging from 3 to 10 grams, more preferably from 4 to 8 grams, and most preferably has a mass of 6 grams. Alternatively, the hosel 57 may be composed of a strong polymer material such as a urethane or ABS material. A shaft, not shown, is disposed within the hosel 57 through a bore 55 in the crown 24. A hosel insert, not shown, is preferably used to interface between the shaft and the hosel 57. Such a hosel insert is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,352,482, entitled Golf Club With Hosel Liner, which pertinent parts are hereby incorporated by reference. The hosel 57 is preferably positioned in a hosel base 59 and extends from the sole 26 to the crown 24. However, those skilled within the pertinent art will recognize that the hosel need not extend all the way to the sole 26 and may also extend outside of the body 22 without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention.
Also shown in FIGS. 6 and 6a are the walls of the aft recess 52. The aft recess 52 preferably extends into the hollow interior 34 forming an aft recess projection 52a. The aft recess 52 is preferably defined by upper recess wall 54, main recess wall 56 and lower recess wall 58. The rear weighting member 50 is positioned within the aft recess 52, as best shown in FIG. 3.
The rear weighting member 50 is preferably composed of a metal material such as steel, steel alloys, brass, tungsten, tungsten alloys, or other high density materials. The rear weighting member 50 is preferably co-molded with a body 22 or press-fitted within the aft recess 52 subsequent to fabrication of the body 22. In another attachment process, the body 22 is first bladder molded and then the rear weighting member 50 is bonded within the aft recess 52 using an adhesive.
A second embodiment of the golf club head 20 is shown in FIGS. 13-15, such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,565,452, for a Multiple Material Golf Club Head with Face Insert, filed on Feb. 28, 2002, and is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. In this embodiment, the golf club head 20, a face component 60 and an aft-body 61. The face component 60 has a face cup and has a separate face insert 40, which is placed within an opening 45 of a face cup 74. The aft-body 61 has a crown portion 62 and a sole portion 64.
The face cup 74 has a return portion 63 that extends laterally rearward from the perimeter 73 of the front wall. The face insert 40 is joined to the face cup 74 of the face component 60 in a manufacturing process discussed in co-pending U.S. application Ser. No. 10/710,143, entitled Method for Processing a Golf Club Head with Cup Shaped Face Component, filed on Jun. 22, 2004, and hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
The return portion 63 of the face cup preferably includes an upper lateral section 76, a lower lateral section 78, a heel lateral section 80 and a toe lateral section 82. Thus, the return portion 63 preferably encircles the face insert 40 a full 360 degrees. However, those skilled in the pertinent art will recognize that the return portion 63 may only encompass a partial section of the face insert 40, such as 270 degrees or 180 degrees, and may also be discontinuous.
The upper lateral section 76 extends rearward, towards the aft-body 61, a predetermined distance, d, to engage the crown portion 62. In a preferred embodiment, the predetermined distance ranges from 0.2 inch to 1.0 inch, more preferably 0.40 inch to 0.75 inch, and most preferably 0.68 inch, as measured from the perimeter 73 of the face insert 40 to the rearward edge of the upper lateral section 76. In a preferred embodiment, the upper lateral section 76 has a general curvature from the heel end 36 to the toe end 38. The upper lateral section 76 has a length from the perimeter 73 of the face insert 40 that is preferably a minimal length near the center of the face insert 40, and increases toward the toe end 38 and the heel end 36. However, those skilled in the relevant art will recognize that the minimal length may be at the heel end 36 or the toe end 38.
The face component 60 engages the crown portion 62 of the aft-body 61 along a substantially horizontal plane. The crown portion 62 has a crown undercut portion 62a, which is placed under the return portion 63. Such an engagement enhances the flexibility of the face insert 40 allowing for a greater coefficient of restitution. The crown portion 62 of the aft-body 61 and the upper lateral section 76 of the face component 60 are attached to each other as further explained below.
The heel lateral section 80 is substantially perpendicular to the face insert 40, and the heel lateral section 80 covers the hosel 57 before engaging an optional ribbon section 90 and a bottom section 91 of the sole portion 64 of the aft-body 61. The heel lateral section 80 is attached to the sole portion 64, both the ribbon 28 and the bottom section 91, as explained in greater detail below. The heel lateral section 80 extends inward a distance, d′′′, from the perimeter 73 a distance of 0.250 inch to 1.50 inches, more preferably 0.50 inch to 1.0 inch, and most preferably 0.950 inch. The heel lateral section 80 preferably has a general curvature at its edge.
At the other end of the face component 60 is the toe lateral section 82. The toe lateral section 82 is attached to the sole portion 64, both the ribbon 28 and the bottom section 91, as explained in greater detail below. The toe lateral section 82 extends inward a distance, d′′, from the perimeter 73 a distance of 0.250 inch to 1.50 inches, more preferably 0.75 inch to 1.30 inch, and most preferably 1.20 inch. The toe lateral section 82 preferably has a general curvature at its edge.
The lower lateral section 78 of the face component 60 extends inward, toward the aft-body 61, a predetermined distance to engage the sole portion 64. In a preferred embodiment, the predetermined distance ranges from 0.2 inch to 1.25 inches, more preferably 0.50 inch to 1.10 inch, and most preferably 0.9 inch, as measured from the perimeter 73 of the face insert 40 to the edge of the lower lateral section 78. In a preferred embodiment, the lower lateral section 78 has a general curvature from the heel end 36 to the toe end 38. The lower lateral section 78 has a length from the perimeter 73 of the face section 72 that is preferably a minimal length near the center of the face section 40, and increases toward the toe end 38 and the heel end 36.
The sole portion 64 has a sole undercut 64a for placement under the return portion 63. The sole portion 64 and the lower lateral section 78, the heel lateral section 80 and the toe lateral section 82 are attached to each other as explained in greater detail below.
The aft-body 61 is preferably composed of a non-metal material, preferably a composite material such as continuous fiber pre-preg material (including thermosetting materials or thermoplastic materials for the resin). Other materials for the aft-body 61 include other thermosetting materials or other thermoplastic materials such as injectable plastics. The aft-body 61 is preferably manufactured through bladder-molding, resin transfer molding, resin infusion, injection molding, compression molding, or a similar process. Alternatively, the aft-body may be composed of a metallic material such as magnesium, titanium, stainless steel, or any other steel or titanium alloy.
The crown portion 62 of the aft-body 61 is generally convex toward the sole portion 64, and engages the ribbon section 90 of sole portion 64 outside of the engagement with the face member 60. Those skilled in the pertinent art will recognize that the sole portion 64 may not have a ribbon section 90. The crown portion 62 preferably has a thickness in the range of 0.010 to 0.100 inch, more preferably in the range of 0.025 inch to 0.070 inch, even more preferably in the range of 0.028 inch to 0.040 inch, and most preferably has a thickness of 0.033 inch. The sole portion 64, including the bottom section 91 and the optional ribbon section 90 which is substantially perpendicular to the bottom section 91, preferably has a thickness in the range of 0.010 to 0.100 inch, more preferably in the range of 0.025 inch to 0.070 inch, even more preferably in the range of 0.028 inch to 0.040 inch, and most preferably has a thickness of 0.033 inch.
The assembled face component 60 may then be attached to the aft body 61. The face component 60, with an adhesive on the interior surface of the return portion 63, is placed within a mold with a preform of the aft-body 61 for bladder molding. The return portion 63 is placed and fitted into the undercut portions 62a and 64a. Also, the adhesive may be placed on the undercut portions 62a and 64a. Such adhesives include thermosetting adhesives in a liquid or a film medium. During this attachment process, a bladder is placed within the hollow interior of the preform and face component 60, and is pressurized within the mold, which is also subject to heating. The co-molding process secures the aft-body 61 to the face component 60. In another attachment process, the aft-body 61 is first bladder molded and then is bonded to the face component 60 using an adhesive, or mechanically secured to the return portion 63.
A third embodiment of the golf club head 20 is shown in FIGS. 16-18. In this embodiment, the golf club head 20 includes a body 22, a face 40 a weighting frame 42, and an optional support gasket 44. A more thorough description of such a golf club head 20 is set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 6,672,975, for a Golf Club Head, and assigned to the assignee of the present application, and which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
The body 22 is preferably composed of a light weight or low-density material, preferably a non-metal material or a low-density (less than 4.5 grams per cubic centimeter) metal material, such as a polycarbonate material. Other materials for the body 22 include a composite material such as a continuous fiber pre-preg material (including thermosetting materials or a thermoplastic material for the resin), other thermosetting materials such as thermosetting polyurethane, or other thermoplastic materials such as polyamides, polyimides, polycarbonates, PBT (Polybutlene Terephthalate), blends of polycarbonate and polyurethane, and the like. The body 22 is preferably manufactured through injection molding, bladder-molding, resin transfer molding, resin infusion, compression molding, or a similar process. A preferred metal material for the body 22 is aluminum, tin or magnesium. The face 40 is attached to the frame 42 and over the opening 32. Preferably the face 40 is positioned over and attached to the support gasket 44.
The face 40 is preferably composed of a formed metal material, however, the face 40 may also be composed of a machined metal material, a forged metal material, a cast metal material or the like. The face 40 preferably is composed of a formed titanium or steel material. Titanium materials useful for the face 40 include pure titanium and titanium alloys. Other metals for the face 40 include other high strength steel alloy metals and amorphous metals. The exterior surface 40a of the face 40 typically has a plurality of scorelines thereon, not shown.
The face 40 preferably has an elliptical shape or a trapezoidal shape. The face 40 preferably has a plurality of holes 46a-d for insertion of the bolts 88a-d there through.
The weighting frame 42 is preferably composed of a metal material such as stainless steel, titanium alloy, aluminum, magnesium and other like metal materials. In an alternative embodiment, the weighting frame 42 is composed of a thermoplastic material. The frame 42 is preferably composed of four arms 86a-d and a central body 84. In the preferred embodiment, each of the arms 86a-d is positioned within a corresponding groove 41a-d of the body 22. Each of the grooves 41a-d is generally shaped to receive an arm 86a-d. Each arm 86a-d has a length sufficient to extend from the aft end 37 of the body 22 to the opening 32. In a preferred embodiment, each arm 86a-d is tubular with a threaded aperture at the forward end (opposite the central body 84) to receive a bolt for attachment of the face 40 thereto. The frame 42 preferably engages the face 40 at each of the corners (upper heel, lower heel, upper toe and lower toe) of the face 40. The frame 42 also increases the moment of inertia of the golf club head 20 since mass is positioned at the outer extremes of the golf club head 20.
Further, the attachment of the face 40 to the frame 42 provides the ability to use an amorphous metal for the face 40 and a different material for the frame 42 and the body 22 thereby eliminating problems associated with bonding amorphous metals to other metals. Although attachment through the use of bolts is preferred, other joining means may be utilized such as riveting, self taping screws, localized friction or welding, spot welding, local bonding, melt or solvent bonding, and the like.
Preferably, the frame 42 has a mass ranging from 30 grams to 90 grams, more preferably from 40 grams to 70 grams. The hosel 57 preferably has a mass ranging from 3 to 10 grams, more preferably from 4 to 8 grams, and most preferably has a mass of 6 grams. Additionally, epoxy, or other like flowable materials, in an amount ranging from 0.5 grams to 5 grams, may be injected into the hollow interior 50 of the golf club head 20 for selective weighting thereof.
As shown in FIGS. 17 and 18, the depth, D, of the golf club head 20 from the face 40 to the aft end 37 of the crown 24 preferably-ranges from 3.0 inches to 4.5 inches, and is most preferably 3.74 inches. The height of the golf club head 20, as measured while in address position from the sole 26 to the crown 24, preferably ranges from 2.0 inches to 3.5 inches, and is most preferably 2.62 inches. The width, W, of the golf club head 20 from the toe end 38 to the heel end 36 preferably ranges from 4.0 inches to 5.5 inches, and more preferably 4.57 inches. The height of the face 40, preferably ranges from 1.8 inches to 2.5 inches, and is most preferably 2.08 inches. The width, w, of the face insert from the toe end to the heel end preferably ranges from 3.0 inches to 5.0 inches, and more preferably 3.52 inches.
The golf club head 20 preferably has a high coefficient of restitution for greater distance of a golf ball hit with the golf club head of the present invention. The coefficient of restitution (also referred to herein as “COR”) is determined by the following equation:




  e
  =
  
    
      
        v
        2
      
      -
      
        v
        1
      
    
    
      
        U
        1
      
      -
      
        U
        2
      
    
  




wherein U1 is the club head velocity prior to impact; U2 is the golf ball velocity prior to impact which is zero; v1 is the club head velocity just after separation of the golf ball from the face of the club head; v2 is the golf ball velocity just after separation of the golf ball from the face of the club head; and e is the coefficient of restitution between the golf ball and the club face.

The values of e are limited between zero and 1.0 for systems with no energy addition. The coefficient of restitution, e, for a material such as a soft clay or putty would be near zero, while for a perfectly elastic material, where no energy is lost as a result of deformation, the value of e would be 1.0. The golf club head 20 preferably has a coefficient of restitution ranging from 0.80 to 0.94, as measured under conventional test conditions.
The coefficient of restitution of the golf club head 20 of the present invention under standard USGA test conditions with a given ball preferably ranges from approximately 0.80 to 0.94, more preferably ranges from 0.82 to 0.89 and is most preferably 0.86. However, the face center 300 preferably has a COR no greater than 0.83, and the golf club head 20 preferably conforms to the USGA characteristic time test.
FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrate the axes of inertia through the center of gravity of the golf club head. The axes of inertia are designated X, Y and Z. The X axis extends from the face insert 40 through the center of gravity, CG, and to the rear of the golf club head 20. The Y axis extends from the toe end 38 of the golf club head 20 through the center of gravity, CG, and to the heel end 36 of the golf club head 20. The Z axis extends from the crown 24 through the center of gravity, CG, and to the sole 26.
As defined in Golf Club Design, Fitting, Alteration & Repair, 4th Edition, by Ralph Maltby, the center of gravity, or center of mass, of the golf club head is a point inside of the club head determined by the vertical intersection of two or more points where the club head balances when suspended. A more thorough explanation of this definition of the center of gravity is provided in Golf Club Design, Fitting, Alteration & Repair. 
The center of gravity and the moment of inertia of a golf club head 20 are preferably measured using a test frame (XT, YT) and then transformed to a head frame (XH, YH, ZH). The center of gravity of a golf club head may be obtained using a center of gravity table having two weight scales thereon, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,607,452, entitled High Moment Of Inertia Composite Golf Club, and hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. If a shaft is present, it is removed and replaced with a hosel cube that has a multitude of faces normal to the axes of the golf club head. Given the weight of the golf club head, the scales allow one to determine the weight distribution of the golf club head when the golf club head is placed on both scales simultaneously and weighed along a particular direction, the X, Y or Z direction.
In general, the moment of inertia, Izz, about the Z axis for the golf club head 20 is preferably greater than 3000 g-cm2, and more preferably greater than 3500 g-cm2. The moment of inertia, Iyy, about the Y axis for the golf club head 20 is preferably in the range from 2000 g-cm2 to 4000 g-cm2, more preferably from 2300 g-cm2 to 3800 g-cm2. The moment of inertia, Ixx, about the X axis for the golf club head 20 is preferably in the range from 1500 g-cm2 to 3800 g-cm2, more preferably from 1600 g-cm2 to 3100 g-cm2.
Table One illustrates a comparison of a golf club head with a face insert (40) of the present invention as compared to a golf club head with a face insert having a uniform thickness. Both golf club head conform to the USGA regulations for characteristic time. The golf club head 20 with the face insert (40) having a H-shaped first thickness section 200 has a mass that is more than 25% lighter than the uniform thickness face of the comparison golf club head while having similar CORs and characteristic times.
















Characteristic

Thickness


Face Design
Mass (grams)
Time (μs)
COR
(inches)







Uniform
42.7
240
0.828
0.120


H-shaped
29.0
240
0.829
variable









From the foregoing it is believed that those skilled in the pertinent art will recognize the meritorious advancement of this invention and will readily understand that while the present invention has been described in association with a preferred embodiment thereof, and other embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings, numerous changes, modifications and substitutions of equivalents may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention which is intended to be unlimited by the foregoing except as may appear in the following appended claims. Therefore, the embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined in the following appended claims.

## Claims

1. A golf club head comprising:
a body; and
a face,
wherein the face comprises a central region having a first perimeter with an elliptical shape and a first average thickness,
wherein the face comprises an outer edge defining a perimeter where the face contacts the body, the outer edge having a non-elliptical shape,
wherein the face comprises a first intermediate region located between the central region and the outer edge, the first intermediate region having a second perimeter with a second average thickness that is less than the first average thickness,
wherein the face comprises a second intermediate region located between the first intermediate region and the outer edge, the second intermediate region having a third perimeter with a shape approximately the same as the shape of the outer edge and having a third average thickness that is less than the second average thickness, and
wherein the face comprises a third intermediate region between the second intermediate region and the outer edge, the third intermediate region having a fourth perimeter with a shape that is approximately the same as the shape of the outer edge and having a fourth average thickness that is less than the third average thickness.

2. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the golf club head is a wood-type head.

3. The golf club head of claim 2, wherein the golf club head is a driver-type head.

4. The golf club head of claim 2, wherein the body comprises a crown and a sole, wherein the crown is composed of a composite material, and wherein the sole is composed of a titanium material.

5. The golf club head of claim 4, wherein the face is formed integral with the sole and wherein the crown is affixed to the face and sole with an adhesive.

6. The golf club head of claim 2, wherein the body is composed of a composite material.

7. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the first perimeter has varying thickness around its circumference, wherein the second perimeter has varying thickness around its circumference, and wherein the third perimeter has varying thickness around its circumference.

8. The golf club head of claim 7, wherein the fourth perimeter has varying thickness around its circumference.

9. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the face further comprises a heel vertical section, a toe vertical section, a central horizontal section connected to each of the heel vertical section and the toe vertical section, an upper central region, a lower central region, a heel region, and a toe region, wherein each of the heel vertical section, the toe vertical section, and the central horizontal section has an average thickness that is greater than an average thickness of each of the upper central region, the lower central region, the heel region, and the toe region, and wherein the central horizontal section is superimposed over the central region.

10. The golf club head of claim 9, wherein the heel vertical section, the toe vertical section, and the central horizontal section form a substantially X shape having four legs and an intersection region connecting each of the four legs, and wherein each of the four legs extend from the intersection region towards the outer edge.

11. The golf club head of claim 10, wherein at least one of the legs is spaced at a 90 degree angle from another leg.

12. The golf club head of claim 10, wherein a thickness of at least one of the four legs decreases along a length of the at least one leg until it is approximately equal to a thickness of the first intermediate region or the second intermediate region.

13. The golf club head of claim 10, wherein a thickness of at least one of the four legs decreases along a length of the at least one leg until it is approximately equal to a thickness of the third intermediate region.

14. A face for a golf club head comprising:
a central region having a first average thickness and a first perimeter with an elliptical shape;
an outer edge defining a perimeter where the face makes contact with a golf club head body, the outer edge having a non-elliptical shape;
a first intermediate region located between the first perimeter and the outer edge, the first intermediate region having a second average thickness and a second perimeter;
a second intermediate region located between the second perimeter and the outer edge, the second intermediate region having a third average thickness and a third perimeter with a shape that is approximately the same as the shape of the outer edge;
a third intermediate region located between the third perimeter and the outer edge, the third intermediate region having a fourth average thickness and a fourth perimeter with a shape that is approximately the same as the shape of the outer edge; and
an X-shaped thickness pattern having four legs and a central section connecting each of the four legs,
wherein the X-shaped thickness pattern has a thickness greater than the second average thickness and the third average thickness,
wherein the central section of the X-shaped thickness pattern is superimposed over the central region, and
wherein each of the four legs extends from the central section towards the outer edge and intersects at least the first intermediate region.

15. The face of claim 14, wherein each of the four legs intersects the second intermediate region and the third intermediate region.

16. The face of claim 14, wherein each of the four legs decreases in thickness as it approaches the outer edge until it is approximately equal to a thickness of the first intermediate region or the second intermediate region.

17. The face of claim 14, wherein each of the four legs decreases in thickness as it approaches the outer edge until it is approximately equal to a thickness of the third intermediate region.

18. The face of claim 14, wherein the X-shaped thickness pattern is rotated around a Y axis extending from a toe end of the face to a heel end of the face by at least 10 degrees.

19. The face of claim 18, wherein the X-shaped thickness pattern is rotated around the Y axis by between 12 and 18 degrees.