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# OAR Box 

# 1868 Prepped byOllie Stewart



### Document

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# 13 ) VII-A- 2 Docket Number: 

# A-90-0 7

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y-r^ : ENVIRONMENTA L PROTECTIO NAGENC Y
4 0 CF RPar t 7 9 

### [FR L - 55°><^ ] Registratio no f Fuel s andFue l Additives : Mino r Change s t o the Testin gRequirement s fo r Registratio n
AGENCY : Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y(EPA) .
ACTION : Direc t ^Fina l /kule .
SUMMARY : Th e Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y("EPA " o r th e "Agency" ) i s issuing , a s a direc t fina l rule , mino r change s t o th e health-effect s testin g requirement s a t 4 0 CF RPar t 79 , Subpar t F . Thes e requirement s dea l wit hth e exposur e o f animal s t o evaporat e an d exhaus t emission s fro mmoto r vehicles . Th e change s allo wfo r increase d flexibilit yi n engin e selection , correc t a n inconsistenc y wit hrespec t t o mixin g chambe r qualit yassurance , establis hcleare r exposur e timin g requirements , provid e a necessar yoptio n fo r th e unit s i n whic hemission s dat a ar e reporte d fo r heavy-dut y/ehici e engines , clarif yoxyge n t - rit yrequirements , mak e som e mino r synta x changes , clarif yth e handlin g o f th e measurement s o f backgroun d chemica l specie s i n th e ambien t ai r use d b yth e engin e generatin g emissions , clarif yth e drivin g schedules , clarif yth e exposur e concentratio n requirement s i n th e inhalatio n chamber , clarif yP. 3

dilutio n systemrequirements , an d clarify , th e requirement s fo r the collectio n o f particulate s an d semi-volatiles . Thes e change s wil l reduc e . the testing cost s withou t affecting the environmenta l objectives . Thi s actio n i s bein g take n withou t prio r notic e becaus e EPAbelieve s tha t th e mino r change s in . th e testing requirement s wil l b e noncontroversial . Th e rul e implementing th e testing requirement s wa s finalize d o n May27 , 199 4 (5 9 FR33042 , Jun e 27 , 1994) . Th e tes t dat a wil l b e use d b

ythe Agenc yt o determin e i f the emission s o f certai n gasoline s and/o r diese l fuel s presen t a nunacceptabl e ris k t o publi c health . Fo r additiona l background informatio nse e th e notios c i n thi s issu e o f the Federa l Registe r proposing change s t o the registratio n regulations . Th e change s i nthi s direc t fina l rul e hav e als o bee n incorporate d int o tha t notic e o f propose d rulemaking . I f a n advers e commen t o r a reques t fo r a publi c hearing i s receive d o n thi s direc t fina l rule , EP Awil l withdraw t-____ p _pp-rt-- i n n dmf —the direc t fina l rul e a*fc- ~ iS3Ue . and addres s the comment(s ) i n a subsequen t fina l rul e base d o n th e propose d rule .

DATES : Thi s actio n wil l b e effectiv e o n [insert dat e 4 5 days afte r publication ] unles s EP Areceive s a n advers e commen t o r a reques t fo r a publi c hearing by[insert dat e 3 0 days afte r publication] . I f EPAreceive s a n advers e commen t o r hearing reques t b ytha t date , EPAwil l withdrawthe—applicable—portion—oi \ thi s actio nvi a a »otio€ . i n th e Federa l Register . Al l correspondenc e shoul d b e 

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directe d t o the addresse s below . ADDRESSES : Material s relevan t t o thi s rulemaking hav e bee nplace d i n Docke t A-90-07 . Th e docke t i s locate d a t th e U.S . Environmenta l Protectio n Agency , Ai r Docke t Sectio n (LE-131) , 40 1 MStreet , S.W. , Washington , D C 2046 0 i n RoomM-150 0 o f Watersid e Mall . Document s mayb e inspecte d betwee n the hour s o f 8:0 0 a.m . an d 5:3 0 p.m. , MondaythroughFriday . Areasonabl e fe e ma yb e charge d fo r copying . Those"wishing t o notif yEPAo f thei r inten t t o submi t a n advers e commen t o r reques t a publi c hearing shoul d contac t Josep h Fernande s (202 ) 233-975 6 o r Ji mCaldwel l (202 ) 233-930 3 a t the EPA . FO RFURTHE

RINFORMATIO

N CONTACT : JosephFernande s (202 ) 233-975 6 o r Ji mCaldwel l (202 ) 233-9303 , USEPA , Offic e o f Mobil e Sources , Fuel s an d EnergyDivision,
- Mai l Cod e 6406J , 40 1 MStreet , S.W. , Washington , D C 20460 .P. 5

SUPPLEMENTAR

YINFORMATION :
I . RegulatedEntitie s Regulate d categorie s and entitie s potentiall yaffecte d bythi s actio n include : Category Example s o f regulate d entitie s Industry Manufacturer s o f gasolin e an d diese i fuel . Manufacturer s of'additive s fo r gasolin e an

d diese l fuel .

Thi s tabl e i s no t intende d t o be , exhaustive , bu t rathe r provide s a guid e fo r reader s regarding entitie s likel yt o b e regulate d b

ythi s action . Thi s tabl e list s th e type s o f entitie s tha t EPAi s no wawar e coul d b e potentiall yregulate d bythi s action . Othe r type s o f entitie s no t liste d i n th e tabl e coul d als o b e regulated . T o determin e whethe r you r entit ywoul d b e regulate d bythi s action , yo u shoul d carefull yexamin e thi s preambl e and th e propose d change s t o th e regulatorytext . Yo u shoul d als o carefull y examin e th e existing provision s o f th e registratio n program a t 4 0P. 6

CF Rpar t 79 .
II . Backgroun

d
Fo r programbackground , se e th e notic e i nthi s issu e o f the Federa l Registe r proposing non-mino r change s t o th e registratio n regulation s fo r fuel s an d fue l additive s (F/FA) . Th e change s t o the testing requirement s i nthi s direc t fina l rul e ar e mino r an d noncontroversial .

III . Requirement s for New Vehicles/Engine s T o ensur e tha t th e test s conducted ' o nth e emission s o f on e F/F Aar e no t affecte d b y"carryover " emission s fromothe r F/FA s previousl yuse d i n th e tes t vehicle , § 79.5 7 o f the registratio n regulation s require s tha t a ne wvehicl e o r engin e b e use d i n th e testing o f eac hF/FA . Th e regulation s als o recommend tha t on e o r mor e identica l ne wvehicle s o r engine s b e acquire d a s backup emissio n generator s fo r eac hF/FA . Th e regulate d industryha s commente d t o EP Atha t thi s requiremen t i s burdensome , expensive , ar d unnecessaryThe yargu e tha t suitabl e conditioning procedure s ca n satisfactoril y"fi^d h out " th e remnant s o f on e F/F Aand it s emissions , s o tha t the . same vehicl e o r engin e ca n b e use d i ntesting anothe r F/F Awithou t fea r o f carryove r effects . I f thi s wer e permitted , a substantiall yP. 7

smalle r flee t o f initia l tes t vehicles/engine s migh t suffic e fo r a give n serie s o f F/FAs . Also , a relativel ysmal l numbe r o f additiona l vehicle s coul d b e acquire d t o serv e a s share d backup s fo r the,testing o f mor e than on e F/FA .
Apreviou s technica l communication 1 discusse d i n detai l the possibilit yo f short-termand long-ter mcarryove r effect s du e t o tes t vehicles/engine s being use d fo r multipl e F/FAs . I t als o describe d th e restriction s an d procedura l safeguard s whic hcould,be adopte d t o minimiz e potentia l carryove r problems . Base d o ntha t earlie r discussion , EPAbelieve s i t i s no wappropriat e t o eas e some o f the restriction s o n tes t vehicl e us e i n some circumstances . Unde r thi s revision , the requiremen t tha t onl yne wvehicle s b e use d i n the tes t program(specified i n § 79.57(a ) (1) ) ha s been , retained , sinc e i t woul d no t b e possibl e t o kno whow , and wit hwha t rang e o f F/F

Aproducts , a vehicl e had bee noperate d i ngenera l use . However , i t i s no wacceptabl e fo r a singl e tes t vehicl e o r engine , t o b e use d sequentiall yb ydifferen t F/F

Amanufacturer s fo r test s o n differen t F/FAs , assuming tha t adeguat e documentatio ni s furnishe d t o demonstrat e tha t th e tes t vehicle/engin e ha d no t bee n use d fo r purpose s othe r tha ntesting unde r thi s programand tha t suc hpre s iou s te . u '.n g wa s restricte d t o F/F Atype_ » (se e uelow ) fo r whic hsuc htes t vehicl e sharing wa s allowed . Th e responsibilit y \ l / Mem o t o Docke t A-90-0 7 fromJame s D . Greaves , " A Preconditioning Cycl e fo r Potentia l Us e i nth e Fuel s and Fue l Additive s Registratio n Program, " 199 2 (Docke t ItemII-B-8) .P. 8

fo r assuring the adequac yo f suc hdocumentatio nfall s t o th e fue l manufacture r wh o secondaril yacquire s th e tes t vehicle .
A s discusse d i n the previously-cite d technica l memorandum , concern s about , possibl e long-termcarryove r effect s aris e primaril y i n regar d t o "atypical " elements . Consisten t wit htha t discussion , EPAbelieve s tha t th e curren t prohibitio nagains t usin g tes t vehicles/engine s fo r mor e tha non e F/F Ashoul d b e retaine d i nth e cas e o f atypica l F/FAs . However , i n th e cas e o f F/FA s whic hbelong t o th e same fue l famil y(as define d i n § 79.56(e)(1) ) and whic h contai n n o element s othe r tha n carbon , hydrogen , oxygen , nitrogen , an d sulfur , EPAbelieve s tha t long-termcarryove r effect s ar e o f minima l concern , an d thu s believe s tha t i t i s acceptabl e t o permi t tes t vehicle s t o b e use d fo r mor e tha non e suc hF/FA . Thus , fo r example , a give n tes t vehicle/engin e coul d b e use d i n testing bas e gasolin e an

d on e o r mor e nonbaselin e gasolin e formulations . A vehicl e tha t had bee n use d fo r baselin e and/o r nonbaselin e gasolin e testing mayb e use d i n testing on e a typica l F/F Aformulation , bu t mayno t subsequentl yb e use d fo r additiona l baseline/nonbaselin e F/F Atesting no r fo r testing o f othe r atypica l F/FAs .
T o preven t short-termcarryove r effects , a preconditionin g procedur e is,require d t o "flus hout" , th e remnant s o f a previousl y teste d F/F

Aand it s emission s froma vehicle's , fue l system , engine , exhaust , system , and emissio ncontro l system , befor e tha t vehicl e i s use d i n th e testing o f anothe r F/FA . Asuitabl e "intermediat eP. 9

preconditioning cycle " wa s describe d i nth e technica l memorandu m cite d previously , an d EPAha s adopte d thi s cycle , t o preven t short
ter mcarryove r effect s betwee nteste d F/FAs . Sectio n79.52(b)(2 ) i s revise d accordingly .
IV . MixingChamber Quality Assuranc e Th e metho d specifie d i n th e F/F Aprogram

regulation s fo r generating combustio n emission s t o b e use d i n biologica l testing ( § 79.57(e ) (2) ) require s a mixing chambe r o r othe r apparatu s t o smoot h ou t th e variabilit yi n emissio nconcentration s relate d t o transient-cycl e operations . A s a qualit yassuranc e mechanism , § 79.57(e ) (2 ) (iii)(C ) state s tha t thi s apparatu s "mus t functio nsuc h tha t the averag e concentratio no f tota l hydrocarbon s leaving th e apparatu s shal l b e withi n 1 0 percen t o f th e averag e concentratio n o f hydrocarbon s entering th e chamber. " EP Aha s note d tha t thi s languag e i s inconsisten t wit h§ 79.57(e ) (2 ) (iv ) (C ) , whic hallow s intentiona l dilutio n o f the exhaus t strea mt o occu r "i n th e mixing chambe r (and/o r afte r leaving th e chamber ) t o achiev e th e desire d biologica l exposur e concent._-•*•*.tions . "
T o correc t thi s inconsistency , th e languag e i n §79.57(e ) (2 ) (iii ) (C ) i s change d t o accoun t fo r intentiona l exhau_ t dilution . Specifically , th e following phras e ha s bee n adde d t o th e end o f th e provisio n cite d above : ".. . , taking int o accoun t an y furthe r intentiona l dilutio n occurring i n th e apparatu s pursuan t t o 8P.1 0

paragraph(e)(2)(iv)(C ) o f thi s section. "
V . Exposur e Interruption s Sectio n 79.57(e ) (2 ) (vii ) o f th e regulation s specifie s ho wlong biologica l exposure s mayb e interrupte d withou t voidin g a test-iri
progress . EPAha s receive d feedbac k fro mthe regulate d industry tha t the languag e i n thi s sectio ni s confusing an d that , furthermore , i t i s inconsisten t wit hcustomarylaboratory practices . EP Aagree s wit hthi s criticis m and ha s revise d th e cite d section , substituting ne wexposur e time requirements . Specifically , EP Aha s incorporate d int o the regulation s the following minimu

mrequirements : 1 ) Adail yexposur e mus t b e a t leas t 6 hour s plu s th e time necessaryt o buil d th e chambe r atmospher e t o 9 0 percen t o f the targe t exposur e atmosphere ; 2 ) A dayi n whic hth e minimu mexposur e time ha s no t bee nachieve d doe s no t coun t a s a n exposur e day ; 3 ) Exposure s mus t b e conducte d a t leas t 4 day s pe r week ; 4 ) N o mor e tha n tw o non-exposur e day s ma y occu r consecutivel ydurin g th e exposur e period , including weekend s

i• * . an d day s o n whic hthe minimu mexposur e time ha s no t bee nmet . Thes e exposur e iv~.es purposel yd o no t mak e allowanc e fo r Federa l holidays . EP Abelieve s tha t additiona l "down " day s fo r holiday s coul d impac t th e result s o f th e 90-daytes t period s require d unde r Tie r 2 , an d coul d interfer e wit hEPA' s abilit yt oP.1 1

compar e th e result s wit hothe r F/FA s teste d during cycle s i nwhic h holiday s di d no t occur . Furthermore , i f a particula r healt h effect s tes t guidelin e contain s exposur e requirement s tha t diffe r fro mthes e genera l rules , the nth e specifi c requirement s woul d tak e precedence . An exampl e i s th e Fertilit yan d Teratologyassessmen t a t §79.63(c)(1) , whic hrequire s exposure s t o pregnan t anima l subject s eac hdayduring th e firs t 1 5 day s o f gestation . Unde r thi s change , biologica l test s whic hdi d no t achiev e exposure s consisten t wit hthe abov e rule s woul d b e considere d void . Th e same rule s woul d b e applie d t o bot hevaporativ e emissio nan d exhaus t emissio n tests . Se e th e revise d languag e a t § § 79.57(f)(3) , 79.57(e)(2)(vii ) and 79.61(d)(5) . Ane w §79.63(e ) (4 ) (iii ) ha s bee nadde d t o emphasiz e th e specia l exposur e requirement s o f §79.63(c)(1) .
VI . Unit s for Reportin gEmission s Dat a Sectio n 79.52(b)(1)(iv ) specifie s tha t manufacturer s repor t emission s dat a i n unit s o f gram s pe r mil e and weigh t percen t tota l hydrocarbons . Thes e unit s ar e cypicall yuse d t o repor t emission s dat a fromlight-dut yvehicle s operating o n chassi s dynamometers , bu t mayb e inappropriat e fo r reporting emission s dat a fromothe r engine/vehicl e classe s operating o nengin e dynamometers . A s such , th e wordin g o f paragrap h79.52(b ) (1 ) (iv ) ha s bee nchange d t o specif ytha t F/F

Amanufacturer s shoul d us e brake-specifi c emissio n value s i n unit s o f gram s pe r brake-horsepower/hou r (gm/BHP-HR ) 1 0P.1 2

wher e thes e unit s ar e .appropriat e t o th e emission s tes t configuratio n an

d th e vehicle/engin e bein g tested .
I f brake-specifi c emission s dat a ar e reported , the n corresponding change s ar e nee d a t severa l othe r point s i n th e regulations . Sectio n 79.52(b ) (2 ) (iii ) (D ) specifie d tha t th e concentratio n o f individua l polyaromati c hydrocarbon s (PAHs ) an d nitrated-polyaromati c hydrocarbon s (NPAHs ) identifie d i n Tie r 1 emission s analyse s shal l b e reporte d onl yi n unit s o f microgram (/_g ) pe r mile , wit h0.00 1 p.gpe r mil e a s the minimu mthreshol d fo r identifying an

d reporting o n a particula r PA H o r NPAH compound . Similarly , §79.5 2 (b ) (2 ) (iii ) (E ) specifie d tha t th e concentratio no f eac hpolychlorinate d dibenzodioxin/polychlorinate d dibenzofura n (PCDD/PCDF ) identifie d i nth e Tie r 1 emission s streamshal l b e reporte d i n unit s o f picogram s (pg ) pe r mile , wit h0. 5 p g pe r mil e o r mor e a s the minimu mthreshol d fo r identifying an d reporting o n a particula r PCDD/PGD F compound . Thes e section s hav e bee nrevise d t o allo wreporting o f PAH , NPAH , an

d PCDD/PCD F emission s dat a i n unit s o f gram s pe r BHP-HR / wher e appropriate . Th e counterpar t t o th e g/mil e reporting threshol d fo r PA

H and NPAH compounds , expresse d i n term s o f brake
specifi c emissions , woul d b e 0. 3 nanogram s pe r BHP-HRo r more . Likewise , th e counterpar t t o th e g/mil e reporting threshol d fo r PCDD/PCD F compound s woul d b e 0. 3 p g pe r BHP-HRo r more . Thes e counterpar t value s wer e derive d byapplying flee t averag e 1 1P.1 3

conversio n factor s fo r converting gram s pe r mil e t o gram s pe r BHP HR , specifie d i n EP ATechnica l Repor t EPA-AA-SDSB-89-1 . Fo r simila r reasons , § § 79.68(f)(1 ) and (f ) (5 ) (vi ) o f th e Salmonell a typhimuriu mrevers e mutatio n assayguideline s hav e bee n modifie d t o permi t dat a fromthi s assayt o b e presente d i nunit s o f eithe r revertant s pe r kilomete r (mile ) o r revertant s pe r BHP-HR , whicheve r i s appropriat e t o th e cas e a t hand .
VII . Oxygenat e Purity Sectio n 79.51(i ) specifie s tha t a fue l manufacture r wh o report s th e potentia l us e o f mor e tha non e oxygenating additiv e i n hi s non-baselin e fue l i s responsibl e fo r testing (or participatin g i n grou p testing ) o f a separat e fue l formulatio nfo r eac hsuc h oxygenating additive . Thi s provisio nha s cause d some concer ntha t th e occurrenc e i n a n oxygenat e additiv e o f unintende d oxygenat e byproduct s o f th e manufacturing proces s coul d multipl yth e testing responsibilitie s o f a fue l manufacturer . Fo r example , concer nha s bee n expresse d tha t the occurrenc e o f a smal l amoun t o f tertiary
amyl-ethy l ethe r (TAEE ) a s a nunintende d byproduc t o f ethyl
tertiary-buty l ethe r (ETBE ) productio nwil l affec t th e groupin g o f a n ETB E additiv e an d wil l caus e a fue l manufacture r wh o blend s ETB E int o hi s fue l t o b e responsibl e fo r testing TAE E a s wel l a s ETB E (se e docke t itemVI-D-10 ) . Thi s wa s no t EPA' s intentio ni n promulgatin g thi s provision . Sectio n §79.51(i)(4 ) ha s bee nrevise d 1 2P.1 4

t o stat e tha t smal l amount s o f unintende d oxygenat e compound s occurring a s byproduct s o f th e manufacturing proces s o f a n oxygenating additiv e d o no t affec t th e grouping o f th e affecte d F/FAs no r th e testing responsibilitie s o f thei r manufacturers .
E . Mino r Synta

xChange s an

dClarification s Mino r change s t o the regulation s ar e als o neede d t o correc t some specifi c syntaxerrors . Th e phras e "Withi nMay27 , 1997, " occurring a t th e beginning o f bot h§ § 79.51(c)(1)(ii)(A ) and (B) , ha s bee n change d t o "N o late r tha n Ma y27 , 1997" . Similarly , th e phras e "withi n May26 , 2000, " occurring withi n § 79.51(c ) (1 ) (ii ) (B ) , ha s bee n change d t o "b yMay26 , 2000. " Th e languag e a t the beginning o f § 79.51(e ) (1) , whic hread , " Atesting facility , emission s analysi s o r healt hand/o r welfar e effects , shal l permit... " ha s bee nchange d to : " Atesting facility , whethe r engage d i n emission s analysi s o r healt hand/o r welfar e effect s testing unde r thes e regulations , shal l permit... " Some o f th e wordin g i n § § 79.'57(e ) (2 ) (i ) , (2 ) (ii ) (2 ) (ii).(B ) , (3 ) (i ) , an d (3)(i)(A ) ha s bee n change d t o clarif ythe driving schedule s t o b e use d whe n operating th e vehicl e o r engin e t o generat e combustio n emission s fo r biologica l testing . Th e wording i r fj79.51(h) , (h)(1 ) (ii) , an

d (h ) (1 ) (ii ) (A ) and (B ) dealin g wit hadditive s belongin g t o mor e tha n on e fue l family , ha s bee n revise d t o mak e thi s provisio n easie r t o understand , withou t changing th e substanc e o f th e requirements . ' . 1 3 .P.1 5

VIII . Backgroun

dConcentration s Sectio n 79.52(b ) (1 ) (iii ) require s tha t th e ambient/dilutio n ai r t o the engin e generating emission s fo r characterizatio nb e analyze d fo r level s o f background chemica l specie s presen t a t th e time o f emissio n sampling (for bot hcombustio narid , evaporativ e emissions) . Thes e background chemica l specie s concentration s ar e t o b e reporte d wit hemission s speciatio n data . Thi s informatio ni s necessarys o tha t i t ca n b e subtracte d fro m th e measure d combustio n an d evaporativ e concentration s i norde r t o determin e th e contributio n fo r th e F/FA . Sectio n 79.52(b)(1)(iii ) i s revise d t o clarif ythi s an

d requir e tha t onl yth e correcte d value s b e reported . IX . Repetitiv

e Drivin

gSchedule s Sectio n 79.57(e)(1)(I ) require s th e Light-Dut yUrba n Dynamomete r Driving Schedul e (UDDS. ) o r th e Heav yDut yEngin e Dynamomete r Schedul e (EDS ) a s pe r 4 0 CFRPar t 86 . Bot ho f thes e driving schedule s requir e col d start s a t th e beginning o f the cycle , ari

d the yinclud e extende d engine-of f time s (1 0 minute s betwee n b?j S 2 "n

d 3 fo r ligh t dul y__n d 2 0 minute s brcwee n col d and ho t cycle s fo r hea*/ yduty ) . Whil e th e inclusio n o f col d start s and extende d engine-of f time s ar e appropriat e fo r th e certificatio n o f ne wvehicle s an

d engines , thes e tw o reguirement s pos e significan t impracticalitie s fromth e standpoin t o f generating combustio n 1 4P.1 6

emission s fo r anima l exposures . First , i f the . UDD S wer e repeate d a s pe r the , ne wvehicl e certificatio n procedure , a neigh t hou r anima l exposur e woul d requir e 2 4 engine s sequence d fo r a col d star t every2 0 minutes . Second , the engine-of f time requirement s fro mth e certificatio n procedur e typicall yinvolv e extende d period s o f zer o emissions . I f thes e wer e incorporate d int o th e Tie r 2 biologica l testing , the late r requirement s fo r a "settling chamber " whic hwil l dampe n ou t transient s t o the poin t tha t exposur e concentration s ar e hel d constan t within ' ±

10% , woul d resul t i n the nee d fo r a hug e settling chamber . • Thu s i t i s appropriat e t o allo wthe engin e use d fo r anima l exposure s t o b e operate d ove r repeate d "hot " driving cycles . Thi s woul d entai l repeate d Bag s 2 and 3 oa f th e UDD S fo r light-dut y vehicle s an

d back-to-bac k repeat s o f th e heavy-dut ytransien t cycl e fo r heavy-dut yengines . Bot ho f thes e shoul d b e run withou t extende d idle s o r engine-of f periods . Repeate d operatio n o f th e engin e ove r th e ho t portion s (bag s 2 an d 3 ) o f th e FT P wil l avoi d th e extende d engine-of f period s whic hd o no t contribut e anything t o anima l exposure . Thi s woul d minimiz e th e transient s i n th e specie s concentrations , an d reduc e the nee d fo r a larg e settling chamber , withou t changing the natur e o f th e specie s presen t fo r th e anima l exposure . Ane w§ 1 5P.1 7

79.57(e)(1)(i)(C ) ha s bee nadde d t o reflec t this .
X . Exposur e Concentratio n Sectio n 79.57(e)(2)(vi)(B ) require s tha t th e mea nexposur e concentratio n i n the inhalatio n chambe r b e withi n1 0 percen t o f th e targe t concentratio n o n 9 0 percen t o r mor e o f th e days . Thi s implie s tha t targe t concentration s mus t b e establishe d fo r CO , C02 , NOx , SOx , and tota l HC , an d non e ca n varybymor e tha n 10 % o f th e target s o n 90 % o r mor e o f th e exposur e days . Give n th e fundamental s o f engin e combustio nan d th e transien t natur e o f th e driving cycles , i t i s impossibl e t o maintai nal l combustio n emissio n product s a t a constan t leve l al l o f th e time . Th e focu s shoul d b e o n the pollutant s whic har e limiting fo r th e animal s i n term s o f exposure , whic hi s C O fo r gasolin e an d NO xfo r diesel . Th e engin e operato r wil l onl yb e abl e t o varythe exhaus t dilutio n ratio , an

d thu s contro l i s assure d fo r onl yon e pollutan t (C O o r NOx ) a t a time . Sectio n 79.5 7 (e ) (2 ) (vi ) (B ) ha s bee nrevise d accordingly .

• XI . DilutionSyste m Sectio n 79.57(e)(2 ) (I ) state s tha t the biologica l test s ar e L O b e performe d "...using emission s generate d fromth e tes t vehicl e o r engin e operate d i n genera l accordanc e wit hth e FT P procedure s cite d i n thi s section. " Late r i nthi s sectio n (at §79.57(e)(2)(iii)) , 1 6P.1 8

th e regulation s stat e tha t "A napparatue s t o integrat e th e larg e concentratio n swing s typica l o f transient-cycl e exhaus t i s t o b e use d betwee n the FTP-Constan t Volume Sample r (CVS ) sourc e o f emission s an

d the exposur e chambe r containing th e anima l tes t cages. " Thes e statement s impl ytha t a CV S i s require d t o b e use d a s a firs t stag e o f dilutio ni n the deliveryo f combustio n emission s fo r anima l exposure . However , w e hav e receive d a commen t tha t th e dilutio n neede d fo r gasolin e blend s an d fo r diese l fuel s wil l b e mor e than ca n b e accomplishe d wit ha CVS . Therefore , the tes t laboratoryshoul d no t be , require d t o us e a CV S a s a firs t stag e o f dilution . I n fact , i t mayb e mos t practica l t o us e a constan t dilutio n (rathe r tha n volume ) sample r t o minimiz e transien t concentration s fo r tha anima l exposures . Sectio n §79.5 7 (e ) (2 ) (iii ) ha s bee n revise d t o allo wth e us e o f an ydilutio n systemdesig n tha t achieve s th e necessaryconcentratio no f C O o r N0 X(whicheve r i s limiting ) an d reduce s transien t concentratio n exposure .
XII . Collectiono f Particulate s an dSemi-volatile s Sectio n 79.57(e)(1)(ii ) state s tha t emission s o f particulate s and semi-volatile s ar e t o b e collecte d ove r triplicat e FT P test s fo r light-dut yvehicle : an d analyze d a s par t o f th e requirement s fo r th e characterizatio n o f combustio nemissions . However , th e regulatorylanguag e i n §79.5 7 (e ) (1 ) (iii ) (A ) furthe r state s tha t "I f th e mas s o f particulat e emission s o r semi-volatil e emission s 1 7P.1 9

obtaine d during on e driving cycl e i s no t sufficien t fo r characterization , the n the driving cycl e mayb e performe d agai nan d the extracte d fraction s combine d prio r t o chemica l analysis. " Th e numbe r o f driving cycle s tha t "ma yb e performed " i s lef t unclea r and potentiall yconflict s wit hth e triplicat e FT P requirements . W e hav e receive d a commen t tha t the availabl e literatur e o n gasolin e blend s suggest s tha t th e amoun t o f particulat e an d semi-volatil e emission s collecte d fro mon e FT P tes t o n a light-dut yvehicl e i s extremel yminute , i f no t les s than th e detectio nlimit s afforde d b y measuremen t an

d analytica l procedure s currentl yi nuse . Thu s §79.57(e ) (1 ) (iii ) (A ) ha s bee n revise d t o clarif ytha t n o mor e tha n th e thre e FT P test s ar e require d t o b e performe d fo r th e collectio n o f particulat e an d semi-volatil e emissions . . And , the tes t laboratoryshoul d focu s o n th e characterizatio no f th e limi t detectio n fo r particulate s an d semi-volatil e emissions .

XIII . Environmenta l an dEconomi c Impact s Th e environmenta l impact s c f today' s actio nar e minimal , a s discusse d above . Additionally , economi c impact s ar e beneficia l t o affecte d manufacturer s du e t o th e additiona l flexibilit yafforde d i n today' s notice . Minima l anti-competitiv e effect s ar e expected . Aregulatorysuppor t documen t whic hpresent s EPA' s analysi s o f th e cos t impact s o f the May199 4 rul e i s availabl e i n Publi c Docke t A 90-0 7 locate d a t Room M-1500 , Watersid e Mal l (groun d floor) , U.S . •18Environmenta l Protectio n Agency , 40 1 MSt . S.W. , Washington , D.C .

20460 . '
XIV . Regulator

y Flexibility

Analysi s
EPAha s determine d tha t i t i s no t necessaryt o prepar e a regulatoryflexibilit yanalysi s i nconnection , wit hthi s fina l rule . Thi s rul e wil l reduc e regulatoryburden s o nsmal l businesse s b y reducing o r eliminating the reporting an d testing requirement s fo r man ysmal l businesses . EPAha s determine d tha t this 1 rul e wil l no t hav e a significan t advers e economi c impac t o n a substantia l numbe r o f smal l businesses .

1 9P.2 1

environmenta l Protectior i Agency , 40 1 MSt . S.W. , Washington , D.C > 20460 .
XIV . Complianc e wit hthe^-Kegulator y Flexibility

Ac t

s ' •/ ' \ s^ k^ Th e RegulatoryFlexibilit yAc t (RFA ) ofW^ O require s federa l agencies/t o examin e the effect s of^thei r regulation s an d t o identif yan

d significan t impa^rtfs o f thos e regulation s o na s^ibstantia l numbe r o f sma^l r entities . Pursuan t t o sectio n 605(b ) o f the Regulatory/Flexibilit yAct , 5 U.S.C . 605(b) , th e Administrato r certifie s tha t thi s rul e wil l no t hav e a_^s-r«fnifican t advers e economi c impac t o na substantia l numb^j?^o f smal l entities , I n fact , i t wil l reduc e ' cost s by ^ simplying th e testing requirements , XXl P Administrativ

e Designation # Pursuan t t o Executiv e Orde r 12866<f(5 8 FR5173 5 [Octobe r 4 , 1993]) , th e Agenc ymus t determin e whethe r a regulatoryactio ni s "significant " an

d therefor e subjec t t o OMB revie wand th e requirement s o f th e executiv e order . Th e orde r define s "significan t regulatoryaction s a s on e tha t i s likel yt o resul t i n a rul e tha t may :

(1 ) Hav e a n annua l effec t o n th e econom yo f $10 0 millio n o r mor e o r adversel yaffec t i na materia l wayth e V 

## f^V b

1 9 

### (X
-P.2 2

economy , a secto r o f th e economy , productivity , competition , jobs , th e environment , publi c healt ho r safety , o r State , loca l o r triba l government s o r communities ; (2 ) Creat e a seriou s inconsistenc yo r otherwis e interfer e wit ha n actio n take n o r planne d b yanothe r agency ; (3 ) Materiall yalte r th e budgetar yimpac t o f entitlement , grants , use r fees , o r loa n program s o r th e right s an d obligation s o f recipient s thereof ; o r ' (4 ) Rais e nove l lega l o r polic yissue s arisin g ou t o f lega l mandates , th e President' s priorities , o r th e principle s se t fort hi n th e Executiv e Order .
Pursuan t t o th e term s o f Executiv e Orde r 12866 , i t ha s bee n determine d tha t thi s direc t fina l rul e i s no t a "significan t regulator yaction" . Th e regulator yrevision s i n thi s notic e wil l reduc e testin g th e requirement s an d costs .
XVI . Paperwor kReductio nAc t
Th e paperwor k Reductio n Ac t o f 1980 , 44 U.S.C . 350 1 e t seq. , an d implementin g regulations , 5 CF RPar t 1320 , d o no t appl yt o thi s actio n a s i t doe s no t involv e th e collectio n o f informatio n a s 2 0P.2 3

define dthe.r_e.irij . XVII . Submissio nTo Congres s an

dth e Genera l Accountin gOffic e Unde r sectio n 801(a ) (1 ) (A ) o f the , Administrativ e Procedure s Ac t (APA ) a s amende d b ythe Smal l Busines s RegulatoryEnforcemen t Fairnes s Ac t o f 1996 , EPAsubmitte d repor t containing thi s rul e an d othe r require d informatio n t o the U.S . Senate , the U.S . Hous e o f Representative s an d the Comptrolle r Genera l o f the Genera l Accounting Offic e prio r t o publicatio no f the rul e i ntoday' s Federa l Register . The rul e i s no t a "majo r rule " a s define d b y sectio n 804(2 ) o f the AP Aa s amended .
XVIII . UnfundedMandate s Ac t Unde r sectio n 20 2 o f the Unfunde d Mandate s Refor m Ac t o f 199 5 ("Unfunde

d Mandate s Act") , signe d int o lawo nMarc h22 , 1995 , EPA mus t prepar e a budgetaryimpac t statemen t t o accompan yan ypropose d o r fina l rul e tha t include s a Federa l mandat e tha t mayresul t i n

v expenditur e b

yState , local , an d triba l governments , i nthe aggregate ; o r b

ythe privat e sector , o f $10 0 millio n o r more . Unde r Sectio n 205 , EPAmus t selec t the mos t cost-effectiv e an d leas t burdensome ,alternative tha t achieve s the objective s o f the rul e an d i s consisten t wit hstatutoryrequirements . Sectio n 20 3 require s EPAt o estabx.'-. ha pla n fo r informing and advising an y

. smal l government s tha t mayb e significantl yo r uniquel yimpacte d b y the rule . *

2 1P.2 4

Th e Agenc yha s determine d tha t the actio n^ promulgate d todaydoe s no t includ e a federa l mandat e tha t may resul t i n estimate d cost s o f $10 0 millio n o r mor e t o eithe r State , local , o r triba l government s i n the aggregate , o r t o the privat e sector . Thi s propose d actio n doe s no t establis hregulatory requirement s tha t maysignificantl yo r uniquel yaffec t smal l governments . I n fact , thi s propose d actio n ha s the ne t effec t o f reducing the burde n o f th e fue l an d fue l additiv e registratio n programo n regulate d entities. ' Therefore , th e requiremerit s o f the Unfunde d Mandate s Ac t d o no t appl yt o thi s action .

2 2$ • Registratio nof Page [2 : Fue l Additives , Direc t Fina l Rul e - -

[42] . 

### VU G TBTTTIJQstatutor

y Authority Th e statutoryauthorit yfo r thi s direc t fina l rul e i s provide d b ysection s 205(b ) an d (c ) , 211 , an

d 301(a ) o f th e CleanAi r Ac t a s amende d (4 2 U.S.C . 7524(b ) and ' (c) , 7545 , an d 7601(a) , Publi c Law 95-95 ) . Lis t o f Subject s in4 0 CF RPar t .7

9 Fuel , Fue l additive , Gasoline , Moto r vehicl e pollution , Penalties tf ) 1'imorpoidLlOi i by ^ Re f eroncerC Dated : 

## JU N 2 7

Administrator ( A 

# 'XJr^

v . Fo r th e reason s se t fort hi . che preamble , par t 7 9 o f /Titl e 4 0 o f th e Cod e o f Federa l Regulatio ni s amende d a s follows : 

# vL

2 3P.2 6

1 . Th e authorit ycitatio n fo r par t 7 9 continue s t o read a s follows : N

( Authority : 4 2 U.S.C . 7414 , 7524 , 754 5 an d 7601 .

2 4P.2 7

2 . Sectio n 79.5 1 i s amende d byrevisin g paragraph s (c ) (1 ) (ii ) (A) , (c ) (1 ) (ii ) .(B)., , .^.h e firs t sentenc e o f paragrap h(e ) (1) , (h ) introductor ytext , -(h ) (1 ) (ii ) ; and byaddin g a ne wparagrap h(i ) (4 ) to rea d a s follows :



## N< -

2 5P.2 8

2 . Section . 7,9. . 5 1 is . amen d >ws 

## -f-,_ 4*£±+ an £(B)/t o .a d rollow s y revisin g paragraph s (c)(1)(ii)(A ) 

# 6) I 79.5 1 Genera l requirement s andprovisions .

(c ) 

### (i)fm—*— -*• -»JL 

# 4F

(ii ) LPo r

thes eproducts , th emanufacturo r rnuot als o satisfy—kL_ _ t h r rnqi i iu

lt i • Iru lIlllir—bcheduleo—r ue'iLhe r o f th o followin g Q. f^rMjY'U^hu

li'll-Ufi'i'WJI I rn -In. o ffchia Hftfitio___J-P
_ (A ) N o late r tha n Ma y27 , 1997 , al l applicabl e Tie r 1 an d Tie r 2 requirement s mus t b e submitte d t o EPA , pursuan t t o § § 79.52 , 79.53 , an d 79.59;/o r (B ) N o late r tha n Ma y27 , 1997 , al l applicabl e Tie r 1 requirement s (pursuan t t o § § 79.5 2 an d 79.59) , plu s evidenc e o f a contrac , wit hi qualifie d - Morator y(o r othe r suitabl e arrangement ) fo r completio n o f all . applicabl e Tie r 2 requirements , must.b e submitte d t o EPA . Fo r thi s purpose , a qualifie d laborator y i s on e whic hca n demonstrat e th e capabilitie s an d credential s specifie d i n § 79.53(c)(1). . I n addition , b yMa y26 , 2000 , al l 25( ^P.2 9

applicabl e Tier ^ 2 requirement s (pursuan t t o § § 79.5 3 an d 79.59 ) mus t b e submitte d t o EPA .

3 . Sectio n 79.5 1 i s als o amendedb yrevising the firs t sentenc e o f paragraph(e ) (1 ) t o reaoV^HSfrollows :
S 79.5 1 /uenera l requirement s an dprovisions ,

**** * (e ) Inspectio n o f a testing facility . (1 ) Atesting facility , whethe r engage d i n emission s analysi s o r healt hand/o r welfar e effect s testing unde r thes e regulations , shal l permi t a n authorize d employe e o r dul ydesignate d representativ e o f EPA , a t reasonabl e time s an d i na reasonabl e manner , t o inspec t the facilit yan

d t o inspec t (an

d i n th e cas e o f record s als o t o copy ) al l record s an

d specimen s require d t o b e maintaine d regarding studie s t o whic hthi s rul e applies . ¥r ¥: ^k

2 6P.3 0

4 . Sectio n 79.5 1 i s als o amende d b yrevising^tft' e introductorytex t t o paragraph(h ) a s wel l a s paragraph(h)(1)'(ii ) t o read a s follows : i 79.5 1 Genpfa l requirement s and.provision s

* * * * * (h ) • Specia l Requirement s fo r Additives . Whe na n additiv e i s the tes t subject , the following rule s apply :

**** * 

### •(*fTii ) Additive s belonging t o mor e tha n on e fue l family . 

# \r

f S U

(A ) I f a n additiv e produc t i s registere d i n tw o or.mor e fue l familie s a s o f May27 , 1994, ' the nth e manufacture r o f tha t additiv e i s responsibl e fo r testing (o r participating i n grou p testing of ) the respectiv e additive/bas e fue l mixture s i ncomplianc e wit hthe requirement s o f thi s sub^-irt fo r eac hfue l famil yi n whic hthe manufacture r wishe s t o maintai n a registratio n fo r it s additive . (B ) I f a manufacture r i s seeking t o registe r suc haddit i e i n tw o o r mor e fue l familie s then , fo r testing an d registratio n purposes , th e additiv e shal l b e considere d t o b e a membe r o f eac h fue l famil yi n whic hthe manufacture r i s seeking registration . Th e manufacture r i s responsibl e fo r testing (o r participating i ngrou p / . 2 7P.3 1

testing of ) thejrespective additive/bas e fuel-mixtur e i ncomplianc e wit hthe requirement s o f thi s subpar t fo r eac hfue l famil yi n whic h th e manufacture r wishe s t o obtai na produc t registratio n.fo r it s additive .

2 8P.3 2

(i ) #

-<** _ (4 ) Th e presenc e i n a particula r oxygenating additiv e o f smal l amount s o f othe r unintende d oxygenat e compound s a s byproduct s o f the manufacturing proces s o f th e give n oxygenating additiv e doe s no t affec t the grouping o f tha t additiv e an d doe s no t . creat e multipl e testing responsibilitie s fo r manufacturer s wh o blend tha t additiv e int o fuel .

2 9P.3 3

1 f « Sectio n 79.5 2 i s amende d b yrevising paragraph s (b ) (1 ) (iii ) an d (b ) (1 ) (iv ) , _-as—welt—a l ETTe ^ iniiuduuluiy—f r •T-o-r f .t*-
- paragraphf . P (b ) (2 ) (iii ) (D)£an d (b ) (2 ) (iii ) (E) At o read ,a s follows :
S 79.5 2 Tier 1 . J * * * * 

# N F

(b ) Y-BmiiJglOll O Cha^rrpr- istationl** ^

^-* ^ 

### .(•arTtii i ) Measuremen t o f background emissions : I t i s require d tha t ambient/dilutio n ai r b e analyze d fo r level s o f background chemica l specie s presen t a t the time o f emission s sampling (for bot hcombustio n an

d evaporativ e emissions ) an d tha t sampl e value s b e correcte d b

ysubstracting the concentration s contribute d b ythe ambient/dilutio n air . Background chemica l specie s measurement/analysi s during the FT P i s specifie d i n § § 86.109
- 94(c)(5 ) an

d 86.135-9 4 o f thi s chapter . 

### WTU / (iv ) Concentration s o f emissio nproduct s shal l b e reporte d eithe r i n unit s o f gram s pe r mil e (g/mi ) o r gram s pe r brake
horsepower/hou r (g/bhp-hr ) (f t chassi s dynamomete r and engin e dynamomete r tes t configurations , respectively ) , a s wel l a s i n unit s o f weigh t percen t o f measure d tota l hydrocarbons .

3 0P.3 4



# (2-H*Wu) ) Th

e analytica l metho

duse dt o measure specie s of PAH s an

d NPAH s shoul d b e capabl e o f detecting a t leas t 1 pp m (equivalen t t o 0.00 1 microgram (pg) o f compound pe r milligra mo f organi c extract ) o f thes e compound s i n the extractabl e organi c matter . Th e concentratio n o f eac hindividua l PA H o r NPA

H compound identifie d shal l b e reporte d i n unit s o f microgram pe r mil e o r nanogram s pe r brake-horsepower/hou r (for chassi s dynamomete r an d engin e dynamomete r tes t configurations , respectively) . Eac h compound whic hi s presen t a t d.00 1 pg pe r mil e (0. 5 nanogram s pe r brake-horsepower/hour ) o r mor e mus t b e identified , measured , an d reported . Th e following individua l specie s shal l b e measured : 

# \JL (^44iJ-iTtE ) Th e analytica l metho d use d t o measur e specie s an d classe s o f PCDD/PCDF s shoul d b e capabl e o f detecting a t leas t 1 par t pe r trillio n (ppt ) (equivalen t t o 0.00 1 picogram(pg ) o f compound pe r milligramo f organi c extract ) o f thes e compound s i n the extractabl e organi c matter . Th e concentratio no f eac h individua l PCDD/PCD F compound identi f ied shal l b e reporte d i n unit s o f picogram s (pg) . pe r mil e o r picogram s pe r brake-horsepower/hou r (for chassi s dynamomete r an d engin e dynamomete r tes t configurations , respectively) . Eac hcompound whic hi s presen t a t 0. 5 pg/mil e (0. 3 pg/bhp-hr ) o r mor e mus t b e identified , measured , an d reported . 

## =k&&fr%
3 1P.3 5

4 . Sectio n 79.5 7 i s amende d by . adding paragraph s (b ) (2 ) (i ) (b ) (2 ) (ii) , (b).L2 ) (iii)/ ; an d b yrevising paragraph s (e ) (1 ) (iii ) (A) , (& ) (1 ) (i ) ( D ,( ) . (e)(2 ) (i) , (e ) (2 ) (ii ) introductorytext , (e ) (2 ) (ii j (B ) , (e ) (2 ) (iii ) introductorytext , (e ) (2 ) (iii)'(C ) , (e ) (2 ) (vi ) (B ) , (e)(2 ) (vii) , (e ) (3 ) (i ) (A ) , an d (f)(3) ; an

d b y revising the wor d "cycle " t o read "schedule " i nparagraph(e ) (3 ) (i ) introductorytext ; t o read a s follows : § 79.5 7 Emissio

ngeneration . 

# ve/r c

**** * (b ) * * * • ' . . (2 ) *"**' ' . ' (i ) Avehicl e o r engin e ma yb e use d t o generat e emission s fo r the testing o f mor e than one fue l o r additive , provide d tha t al l suc hfuel s an

d additive s belong t o the sam e fue l famil ypursuan t t o § 79.56(e ) (i ) , an

d that , onc e a vehicl e p r engin e ha s bee nused ' t o generat e emission s fo r an atypica l fue l o r additive (pursuan t t o § 79.56(e ) (2).(iii))' , i t shal l no t b e use d i nthe testing o f an yothe r fue l o r additive . Paragraph s (a)(2 ) an d (3 ) o f thi s sectio n shal l appl yonl yt o the firs t fuel , o r additive tested . 

# J L

try

### \fi-l- J 

### '

M; , WSectio n 79^5 7 i s amende d b yre^iTsing^paragcaphs . (b)(2) , an d

(ii ) Prio r t o being use d t o generat e emission s fo r testing a n additiona l fue l o r additive , a vehicle ^ o r engin e whic hha s previousl ybee n use d fo r testing a differen t fue l o r additiv e shal l underg o a n effectiv e intermediat e preconditioning cycl e t o remov e th e previousl yuse d fue l an d it s emission s from th e vehicle' s fue l an d ex

v __us t _

- - s ;em s an d fro n the combustif ^ emi^-io n an d evaporativ e emissio n contro l systems , i f any . (iii ) Suc hpreconditioning shal l include , a t a minimum , the following , steps : . 3 2 o^P.3 7

(A ) Th e caniste r (i f any ) shal l b e remove d fro mth e vehicl e an d purge d wit h300 ° F nitroge n a t 2 0 liter s pe r minut e unti l th e iricrementa l weigh t los s o f th e caniste r i s les s tha n 1 gra mi n 3 0 minutes . Thi s typicall ytake s 3- 4 hour s an d remove s 10 0 t o 12 0 gram s o f adsorbe d gasolin e vapors . (B ) Th e fue l tan k shal l b e draine d an d fille d t o capacit y wit hth e ne wtes t fue l o r additive/fue l mixture . (C ) Th e vehicl e o r engin e shal l b e operate d unti l a t leas t 95 % o f th e fue l tan k capacity'i s consumed .

• (D ) Th e purge d caniste r shal l b e returne d t o th e vehicle . (E ) Th e fue l tan k shal l b e draine d an d fille d t o 40 % capacit y wit htes t fuel . (F ) Two-hou r fue l tan k hea t build s fro m72°-120 ° F shal l b e performed * repeatedl ya s necessar yt o achiev e caniste r breakthrough . Th e fue l tan k mus t b e draine d an d fille d prio r t o eac hhea t build .

3 3*•=—* "



## CO-*** (lltci^C ) Fo r Tie r 2 testing , the engine s shal l operat e o n repeate d bag s 2 an d 3 o f the UDD S o r bac k t o bac k repeat s o f the heavy-dut ytransien t cycl e o f the EDS . \Jy) ^fatrif-(A

f mthe cas e o f combustio n emission s generate d fro m light-dut yvehicles/engines , the sample s consis t o f thre e bag s o f vapo r emission s (on e fro meac hsegmen t o f th e light-dut yexhaus t emissio n cycle ) plu s on e sampl e o f particulate-phas e emission s an d on e sampl e o f semi-volatile-phas e emission s (collected ove r al l segment s o f the exhaus t emissio n cycle) . I f th e mas s o f particulat e emission s o r semi-volatil e emission s obtaine d during on e driving cycl e i s no t sufficien t fo r characterization , up t o thre e driving cycle s mayb e performe d an d th e extracte d fraction s combine d prio r t o chemica l analysis . Particulate-phas e emission s shal l no t b e combine d wit hsemi-volatile-phas e emissions . Th e tes t laboratoryshoul d focu s oi

_ th e characterizatio no f th e limi t o f detectio n fo r particulate s ari d semi-volatil e emissions . 

# >f&-a*-*yX

^ _^ - —__

_4- Sectio n 79.5 7 i C .

(e ) (2 ) (i) , (e)(2)(ii ) (e ) (2 ) (vi ) (B ) , (e>W ) (vii ) , (e ) (3 ) (i)/ ? rea da s f

c amende db yrevisin c (2)(ii)(B) , (e)(2 )

LOW S rag r pa s a ^Ve-*-. " ) (iii ) (O , (A) , an d(f)(3) , t o

3 4P.3 9

(2)[jGenerating whol e combustio n emission s fo r biologica l [testing , (i ) Biologica l test s requiring whol e combustio n emission s shal l b e conducte d using emission s generate d fro mthe tes t vehicl e o r engin e operate d i naccordanc e wit hgenera l FT P requirements .

*—--*—*—*— * •**••«— - (ii ) Light-dut ytes t vehicles/engine s shal l b e repeatedl y operate d ove r the Urba n Dynamomete r Driving Schedul e (UDDS ) (o r equivalen t engin e dynamomete r trace , pe r paragraph(e)(1)(i)(A ) o f thi s section ) an

d heavy-dut ytes t engine s shal l b e repeatedl y operate d ove r the Engin e Dynamomete r Schedul e (EDS ) (see 4 0 CFR par t 86 , appendi xI) . #

(4d)(B ) Th e UDD S o r ED S shal l b e repeate d a s man ytime s a s require d fo r the biologica l tes t session .

(iii ) An apparatu s t o integrat e th e larg e concentratio n swing s typica l o f transient-cycl e exhaus t i s t o b e used.betwee n th e sourc e o f emission s an d th e exposur e chambe r containing th e anima l tes t cages(s) . Th e purpos e o f suc happaratu s i s t o decreas e the variabilit yo f th e biologica l exposur e atmospher e an d achiev e the 3 5necessaryconcentratio n o f C O o r N0 X , whicheve r i s limiting . Th e mixing chambe r (o r an yalternativ e emissio n moderatio n apparatus ) mus t functio nsuc htha t the averag e concentratio n o f tota l hydrocarbon s leaving the apparatu s shal l b e withi n 1 0 percen t o f the averag e concentratio no f hydrocarbon s entering the chamber , taking int o accoun t an yfurthe r intentiona l dilutio n occurring i n the apparatu s pursuan t t o paragraph (e)(2)(iv)(C ) o f thi s section . fl

ir —*—•* r^r- * *•• — ' • r ***-. P (vi)/(B ) Thes e procedure s includ e requirement s tha t th e mea n exposur e concentratio n i n the inhalatio ntes t chambe r shal l b e withi n 1 0 percen t o f the targe t concentratio nfo r th e singl e specie s bein g controlle d (established i n th e developmen t phas e o f testing ) o n 9 0 percen t o r mor e o f exposur e day s an d tha t dail y monitoring o f CO , C0 2 , NO x , SO x , an d tota l hydrocarbon s i nthe exposur e chambe r shal l b e required . Analysi s o f th e particl e siz e distributio n shal l als o b e performe d t o establishe d the stabilit y an d consistenc yo f particl e siz e distributio ni nthe tes t .exposure . (vii ) T o allo wfo r customarylaboratoryscheduling an d unforesee n problem s affecting the combustio n emissio ngeneratio n o r dilutio n equipment , biologica l exposure s mayb e interrupte d o n limite d occasions , a s specifie d in ' § 79.61(d)(5) . Interruption s exceeding thes e limitation s shal l caus e th e affecte d test(s ) t o b e void . Tester s shal l b e awar e o f concern s fo r backu p 3 6P.4 1

vehicles/engine s cite d i n paragraph(a)(7)(ii ) o f thi s section .

**** *

3 7( 3 ) *_*_* . •

(i ) jy- salmonell amutagenicit ytesting - ; pursuant—t o -g—?-9-~&8-,—••• ? • §hatirirhe uundilcte do nextract s o f th eparticulat ean dm__u ivolatil u- Pt emissio nphaoe o oeparatoly-.— Thoo oemission s shal lbil uene_e**dt_a

dby— ^ opeiaLiu qLh eLes t

vehicle/engin eove rLh uauui'Qbtfiat eFTPdrivin g ^^ schedule fje*H \— —~*
- ** ~ ^*0\c


# ° ••* . *

(A ) Particulat e emission s shal l b e collecte d o n particulat e filter s an

d extracte d fro

mthe collectio nequipmen t fo r us e i n biologica l tests . Th e numbe r o f repetition s o f the applicabl e driving schedul e require d t o collec t sufficien t quantitie s o f the particulat e emission s wil l vary , depending o nth e characteristic s o f th e engine. , the tes t fuel , an d the requirement s o f the biologica l tes t protocol . Th e particulat e sampl e mayb e collecte d o n on e o r mor e filters , a s necessary .

**** * (f ) * * *

•F-—-ir * ir

3 8P.4 3

(3 ) Fo r biologica l testing , vapo r shal l b e withdraw nfro mthe . EE Ga t a constan t rate , dilute d wit hai r a s require d fo r the particula r study , an d conducte d immediatel yt o the biologica l testing chambe r (s ) i n a manne r simila r t o the metho d use d i n§ 79.57(e) , excluding the mixing chambe r therein . Th e rate , o f emissio n generatio n shal l b e highenought o suppl ythe biologica l exposur e chambe r wit hsufficien t emission s t o allo wfo r a minimu m o f fiftee n ai r change s pe r exposur e chambe r pe r hour . T o allowfor . customarylaboratoryscheduling an d fo r unforesee nproblem s wit h the evaporativ e emissio n generatio n o r dilutio n equipment , biologica l exposure s mayb e iriterrupte d o n limite d occasions , a s specifie d i n § 79.61(d)(5) . Interruption s exceeding thes e limitation s shal l caus e the affecte d test(s ) t o b e void .

• * * * * 

## A - 

# fl-

£ ~ \^Q&-

£ Sectio n 79.6 1 i s amende d b yrevising paragraph(d ) (5 ) t o read a s follows :

S 79.6 1 Vehicl e emission s inhalatio nexposure guideline .

**** * (d ) * * *
3 9P.4 4

• I

(5 ) Exposur e Conditions . Th e preferre d exposur e regime n consist s o f exposing the stud yanimal s t o the tes t atmospher e o na repeate d basi s fo r a t leas t 6 hour s pe r dayo n a 7-da ype r wee k basi s fo r the exposur e period . However , unles s preclude d b ythe requirement s o f a particula r tes t protocol , exposure s base d o na nomina l 5-day-per-wee k regime n wil l b e considere d acceptable , subjec t t o the following rules : (i ) Eac hdail yexposur e during th e exposur e perio d mus t b e a t leas t 6 hours , plu s the time necessaryt o buil d the chambe r atmospher e t o 9 0 percen t o f the targe t exposur e atmosphere . Aday i n whic hthi s minimu mexposur e time ha s no t bee nachieve d doe s no t coun t a s a n exposur e day . (ii ) Nominally , anima l exposure s shoul d b e conducte d fo r si x hour s pe r dayfo r five day s pe r week . I nn o cas e shoul d the exposure s occu r les s tha n fou r day s pe r wee k fo r a tota l o f 6 5 ± 2 exposur e days . (iii ) N o mor e tha n tw o non-exposur e day s mayoccu r consecutivel ya- " in g th e exposur - period , including da} J o nwhic h th e minimu

mexposur e time ha s no t bee n met .

4 0P.4 5

• •*.. • » V L&-^ ^ Sectio n 79.6 3 i s amende d b yinsertrrng*--a ne wparagraph (e ) (4 ) (iii ) t o read a s follow s 8 79.6 3 Fertility

assessment/teratology .

* * * * . * ^ (e ) * * *

^ (4 ) * * *

(iii ) Pregnan t female s shal l b e expose d t o the tes t atmospher e o n eac han d everydaybetwee n(an d including ) the firs t an d fifteent hdayo f gestation . 

# ^-*V ^

4 1P.4 6

t ~ .

__ . q±3/e? Sectio n79.6 8 i s amende db yrevisin g paragraph s (f)(1 ) an d

/ " /__ \ /_• . t.ml \ •, . , _ __ _*__ 1 1 -

^ (f ) (5),(vi ) t o read a s follow s

, Q \<(_^,. 8 79.6 8 Salmonell a typhimuriu m revers e mutatio

nassay .

* * * * *

' (f ) Dat a an

d repor t (1 ) Treatmen t o f results . Dat a shal l b e presente d a s numbe r o f revertan t colonie s pe r plate , revertant s pe r kilogra m(o r liter ) o f fuel , an d a s revertant s pe r kilomete r (o

r mile , o r brake-horsepower/hour , a s appropriate ) fo r eac hreplicat e an

d dose . Thes e same measure s shal l b e recorde d o n bot hthe negativ e an d positiv e contro l plates . Th e mea n numbe r o f revertan t colonie s pe r plate , revertant s pe r kilogra m(o r liter ) o f fuel , an

d revertant s pe r kilomete r (o r mile , o r brake
horsepower/hour) , a s wel l a s individua l plat e count s and standar d deviation s shal l b e presente d fo r the tes t substance , positiv e control , an

d negativ e contro l plates . (5 ) \ ~
(vi ) Individua l plat e counts , mea nnumbe r o f reve i -?n t colonie s pe r plate , numbe r o f revertant s pe r kilomete r (o r mile , o r brake-horsepower/hour) , an d standar d deviation ; an d

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