STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA 

SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS 

FILED 

In re A.C. and L.C. October 12, 2018 

EDYTHE NASH GAISER, CLERK 

No. 18-0241 (Roane County 17-JA-28 and 17-JA-29) SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS 

OF WEST VIRGINIA 

MEMORANDUM DECISION 

Petitioner Father W.C., by counsel Andrew Vodden, appeals the Circuit Court of Roane 

County’s February 13, 2018, order terminating his parental rights to A.C. and L.C.1 The West 

Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources (“DHHR”), by counsel Lee Niezgoda, 

filed a response in support of the circuit court’s order. The guardian ad litem (“guardian”), 

Michael W. Asbury Jr., filed a response on behalf of the children in support of the circuit court’s 

order. On appeal, petitioner argues that the circuit court erred in finding that he did not 

substantially comply with his post-adjudicatory improvement period, denying his motion for an 

extension of his post-adjudicatory improvement period, and terminating his parental rights. 

This Court has considered the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal. The facts and legal 

arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided 

by oral argument. Upon consideration of the standard of review, the briefs, and the record 

presented, the Court finds no substantial question of law and no prejudicial error. For these 

reasons, a memorandum decision affirming the circuit court’s order is appropriate under Rule 21 

of the Rules of Appellate Procedure. 

On April 28, 2017, the DHHR filed an abuse and neglect petition alleging that 

petitioner’s substance abuse caused him to abuse and neglect the children. Petitioner waived his 

preliminary hearing. On June 19, 2017, the circuit court held an adjudicatory hearing at which 

petitioner stipulated to the allegations of abuse and neglect and he was granted a postadjudicatory improvement period. Pursuant to his case plan, petitioner agreed to complete 

inpatient substance abuse treatment, attend addiction support meetings, comply with random 

drug screens, complete parenting and adult life skills training, participate in therapy, and 

maintain employment and stable, appropriate housing. 

In January of 2018, the DHHR and the guardian filed a joint motion to terminate 

petitioner’s parental rights due to his non-compliance with his post-adjudicatory improvement 

period and case plan. On January 11, 2018, the circuit court held a review hearing at which the 

1

Consistent with our long-standing practice in cases with sensitive facts, we use initials 

where necessary to protect the identities of those involved in this case. See In re K.H., 235 W.Va. 

254, 773 S.E.2d 20 (2015); Melinda H. v. William R. II, 230 W.Va. 731, 742 S.E.2d 419 (2013); 

State v. Brandon B., 218 W.Va. 324, 624 S.E.2d 761 (2005); State v. Edward Charles L., 183 

W.Va. 641, 398 S.E.2d 123 (1990). 

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DHHR presented evidence that petitioner refused to drug screen at the day report center. 

Evidence was admitted to show that petitioner completed an inpatient substance abuse treatment 

program. However, petitioner admitted that he had not participated in parenting services, 

addiction support services, or therapy, and he was unable to secure stable and appropriate 

housing, as required by the case plan. Additionally, he explained that he had not seen his 

children since August of 2017. According to petitioner, he was informed that the DHHR was not 

receiving his drug screen results from the MedExpress where he was screening. Consequently, 

visitation with the children was suspended. However, petitioner did not contact the caseworker 

or take any steps to resolve this problem. Due to his noncompliance with his post-adjudicatory 

improvement period, the circuit court denied petitioner’s motion for an extension. 

On February 8, 2018, the circuit court held a final dispositional hearing to address the 

DHHR and the guardian’s joint motion to terminate petitioner’s parental rights. The circuit court 

took judicial notice of evidence from prior hearings and found no reasonable likelihood that 

petitioner could substantially correct the conditions of abuse and neglect in the near future and 

that termination of his parental rights was in the children’s best interests. Ultimately, petitioner’s 

parental rights were terminated in the circuit court’s February 13, 2018, order.2

 It is from this 

order that petitioner appeals. 

The Court has previously established the following standard of review: 

“Although conclusions of law reached by a circuit court are subject to de 

novo review, when an action, such as an abuse and neglect case, is tried upon the 

facts without a jury, the circuit court shall make a determination based upon the 

evidence and shall make findings of fact and conclusions of law as to whether 

such child is abused or neglected. These findings shall not be set aside by a 

reviewing court unless clearly erroneous. A finding is clearly erroneous when, 

although there is evidence to support the finding, the reviewing court on the entire 

evidence is left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been 

committed. However, a reviewing court may not overturn a finding simply 

because it would have decided the case differently, and it must affirm a finding if 

the circuit court’s account of the evidence is plausible in light of the record 

viewed in its entirety.” Syl. Pt. 1, In Interest of Tiffany Marie S., 196 W.Va. 223, 

470 S.E.2d 177 (1996). 

Syl. Pt. 1, In re Cecil T., 228 W.Va. 89, 717 S.E.2d 873 (2011). Upon our review, this Court 

finds no error in the proceedings below. 

First, petitioner argues that the circuit court erred in finding that he did not substantially 

comply with his post-adjudicatory improvement period. In support, he argues that he completed 

the “most important part of the improvement plan,” the completion of an inpatient substance 

abuse treatment program. However, we do not find this argument persuasive. While it is 

2

The mother’s parental rights were also terminated below. According to respondents, the 

children are placed together in a foster home and the permanency plan is to find a suitable 

adoptive home. 

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uncontested that petitioner completed inpatient substance abuse treatment, he failed to complete 

nearly every other term of his improvement period. Petitioner fails to acknowledge that he did 

not participate in post-treatment addiction support services, therapy, or parenting and adult life 

skills training. Additionally, because the DHHR was not receiving his drug screen results, 

visitation with the children was suspended. West Virginia Code § 49-4-610(4) provides that the 

parent “shall be responsible for the initiation and completion of all terms of the improvement 

period.” Petitioner failed to inquire as to why the DHHR was not receiving the drug screen 

results, or how to resolve the problem. Lastly, petitioner failed to secure appropriate and stable 

housing during the proceedings. Based on this evidence, petitioner failed to substantially comply 

with the terms and conditions of his post-adjudicatory improvement period and is entitled to no 

relief in this regard. 

Next, petitioner argues that the circuit court erred in denying his motion for an extension 

of his post-adjudicatory improvement period. In support, petitioner reiterates that he substantially 

complied with the terms and conditions of his post-adjudicatory improvement period and 

“meaningfully participated in the services offered by the [DHHR].” We disagree. Pursuant to 

West Virginia Code § 49-4-610(6), 

[a] court may extend any improvement period granted pursuant to subdivision (2) 

or (3) of this section for a period not to exceed three months when the court finds 

that the [parent] has substantially complied with the terms of the improvement 

period; that the continuation of the improvement period will not substantially 

impair the ability of the department to permanently place the child[ren]; and that 

the extension is otherwise consistent with the best interest of the child[ren]. 

As discussed above, despite the fact that he completed inpatient substance abuse 

treatment, petitioner did not substantially comply with the majority of the terms and conditions 

of his post-adjudicatory improvement period. Petitioner did not participate in therapy, parenting 

services, or secure stable and appropriate housing, among other things previously discussed. 

Moreover, due to his failure to substantially comply with the terms and conditions of his postadjudicatory improvement period, granting petitioner an extension of the same would only delay 

establishing permanency for the children. Based on this evidence, petitioner did not meet the 

requisite burden to receive an extension of his post-adjudicatory improvement period. Therefore, 

we find no error in the circuit court’s denial of petitioner’s motion for an extension of his postadjudicatory improvement period. 

Further, we find no error in the circuit court’s termination of petitioner’s parental rights. 

Petitioner argues that termination of his parental rights was not in the children’s best interests. 

We disagree. West Virginia Code § 49-4-604(b)(6) provides that circuit courts are to terminate 

parental rights upon findings that there is “no reasonable likelihood that the conditions of neglect 

or abuse can be substantially corrected in the near future” and that termination is necessary for 

the children’s welfare. West Virginia Code § 49-4-604(c)(3) provides that no reasonable 

likelihood that the conditions of abuse or neglect can be substantially corrected exists when 

“[t]he abusing parent . . . ha[s] not responded to or followed through with a reasonable family 

case plan or other rehabilitative efforts[.]” 

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The evidence previously discussed also supports the termination of petitioner’s parental 

rights. Petitioner failed to comply with the majority of the terms and conditions of his postadjudicatory improvement period. Based on this evidence, there was no reasonable likelihood 

that petitioner could substantially correct the conditions of abuse and neglect in the near future. 

Because petitioner failed to correct the conditions of abuse and neglect, it is clear that the 

termination of petitioner’s parental rights was in the children’s best interest in order to establish 

permanency. Therefore, the circuit court did not err in terminating petitioner’s parental rights. 

Lastly, due to the fact that the DHHR is continuing to work to secure a suitable adoptive 

home for the children, this Court reminds the circuit court of its duty to establish permanency for 

the children. Rule 39(b) of the Rules of Procedure for Child Abuse and Neglect Proceedings 

requires: 

At least once every three months until permanent placement is achieved as 

defined in Rule 6, the court shall conduct a permanent placement review 

conference, requiring the multidisciplinary treatment team to attend and report as 

to progress and development in the case, for the purpose of reviewing the progress 

in the permanent placement of the child. 

Further, this Court reminds the circuit court of its duty pursuant to Rule 43 of the Rules of 

Procedure for Child Abuse and Neglect Proceedings to find permanent placement for the 

children within twelve months of the date of the dispositional order. As this Court has stated, 

[t]he [twelve]-month period provided in Rule 43 of the West Virginia 

Rules of Procedures for Child Abuse and Neglect Proceedings for permanent 

placement of an abused and neglected child following the final dispositional order 

must be strictly followed except in the most extraordinary circumstances which 

are fully substantiated in the record. 

Cecil T., 228 W.Va. at 91, 717 S.E.2d at 875, Syl. Pt. 6. Moreover, this Court has stated that 

[i]n determining the appropriate permanent out-of-home placement of a 

child under W.Va. Code § 49-6-5(a)(6) [1996] [now West Virginia Code § 49-4-

604(b)(6)], the circuit court shall give priority to securing a suitable adoptive 

home for the child and shall consider other placement alternatives, including 

permanent foster care, only where the court finds that adoption would not provide 

custody, care, commitment, nurturing and discipline consistent with the child’s 

best interests or where a suitable adoptive home can not be found. 

Syl. Pt. 3, State v. Michael M., 202 W.Va. 350, 504 S.E.2d 177 (1998). Finally, “[t]he guardian 

ad litem’s role in abuse and neglect proceedings does not actually cease until such time as the 

child is placed in a permanent home.” Syl. Pt. 5, James M. v. Maynard, 185 W.Va. 648, 408 

S.E.2d 400 (1991). 

For the foregoing reasons, we find no error in the decision of the circuit court, and its 

February 13, 2018, dispositional order is hereby affirmed. 

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Affirmed. 

ISSUED: October 12, 2018 

CONCURRED IN BY: 

Chief Justice Margaret L. Workman 

Justice Elizabeth D. Walker 

Justice Paul T. Farrell sitting by temporary assignment 

Justice Tim Armstead 

Justice Evan H. Jenkins 

Justice Allen H. Loughry II, suspended and therefore not participating 

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