U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey

53 3'

Scientifi c Investigations Report 2004–5284

Stream-Sediment Geochemistry in 

Mining-Impacted Streams: Prichard, Eagle, 

and Beaver Creeks, Northern Coeur d’Alene 

Mining District, Northern Idaho

In Cooperation with the U.S. Forest Service and the U.S. Bureau of Land Management

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Drainage from the Carlisle Mine portal, lower Carbon Creek; collapsed Idora mill building, upper Beaver Creek; recontoured and 

seeded cobble dredge spoils, Prichard Creek valley above Murray, Idaho; sampling suspended sediment from lower Beaver 

Creek during peak fl ow on April 14, 2000. 
Stream-Sediment Geochemistry in 

Mining-Impacted Streams: Prichard, Eagle, 

and Beaver Creeks, Northern Coeur d’Alene 

Mining District, Northern Idaho

By Stephen E. Box, John C. Wallis, Paul H. Briggs, and Zoe Ann Brown

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey

Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Forest Service 

and the U.S. Bureau of Land Management

Scientifi c Investigations Report 2004–5284
U.S. Department of the Interior

Gale A. Norton, Secretary

U.S. Geological Survey

Charles G. Groat, Director

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2005

For sale by U.S. Geological Survey Information Services

Box 25286, Denver Federal Center

Denver, CO 80225

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Although this report is in the public domain, it contains copyrighted materials that are noted in the text. Permission 

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Cataloging-in-publication data are on file with the Library of Congress (URL http://www.loc.gov/).

Produced in the Western Region, Menlo Park, California

Manuscript approved for publication, December 2, 2004

Text edited by George A. Havach

Layout and design by Susan Mayfield
 iii

Contents

Abstract .......................................................................................................................................................... 1

Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 1

Regional Setting ............................................................................................................................................ 1

Sampling Methodology ................................................................................................................................ 8

Sample Collection ................................................................................................................................ 8

Streambed Sediment .................................................................................................................. 8

Suspended Sediment ................................................................................................................. 8

Streambank Soil .......................................................................................................................... 8

Artificial-Fill Materials ............................................................................................................... 9

Sample Preparation ............................................................................................................................. 9

Chemical Analyses .............................................................................................................................. 9

Standards, Replicate Samples, and Field Duplicates .................................................................... 9

Results ............................................................................................................................................................ 9

Analytical Data ..................................................................................................................................... 9

Analytical Accuracy and Precision ................................................................................................ 10

Within-Site and Temporal Geochemical Variations ..................................................................... 10

Grain-Size Analysis ........................................................................................................................... 10

Discussion .................................................................................................................................................... 10

Geochemistry of Premining Streambed Sediment ....................................................................... 10

Geochemistry of Mining-Material Sources ................................................................................... 11

Enrichments of Mining-Related Elements in Stream Sediment ................................................. 12

Enrichments of Mining-Related Elements in the Fine Fraction of 

Streambed Sediment .................................................................................................. 12

Prichard Creek .......................................................................................................................... 18

Eagle Creek ................................................................................................................................ 18

Beaver Creek ............................................................................................................................. 21

Enrichments of Mining-Related Elements over Background Values ........................................ 25

Proportion of Metal Mass in the Fine Fraction of Streambed Sediment .................................. 28

Conclusions ................................................................................................................................................. 28

Acknowledgments ...................................................................................................................................... 30

References Cited ........................................................................................................................................ 30

Figures

 1–5. Maps of:

 1. Coeur d’Alene-Spokane River drainage in eastern Washington, northern 

Idaho, and western Montana, showing location of the study area in the Coeur 

d’Alene Mining District .......................................................................................................... 2

 2. Prichard Creek, Eagle Creek, and Beaver Creek drainages in the northern 

Coeur d’Alene Mining District, northern Idaho, showing locations of sampling 

sites for streambed and suspended sediment .................................................................. 3
iv 

 3. Upper Prichard Creek drainage, showing locations of mines and millsites and 

of sampling sites for streambed sediment, suspended sediment, streambank 

soil, and artificial-fill material ............................................................................................... 4

 4. Tributary Creek and upper East Fork of Eagle Creek drainages, showing 

locations of mines, millsites, and tailings piles and of sampling sites for 

streambed sediment, suspended sediment, streambank soil, and 

artificial-fill material ............................................................................................................... 5

 5. Upper Beaver Creek drainage, showing locations of mines and millsites and 

of sampling sites for streambed and suspended sediment, streambank soil, 

and artificial-fill material ....................................................................................................... 6

 6. Bar charts showing years of operation of, and total output of tailings from, 

Ag-Pb-Zn ore-concentration mills in the Prichard Creek, Eagle Creek, and 

Beaver Creek drainages .............................................................................................................. 7

 7. Plots of average grain-size distributions in samples of streambed sediment, 

streambank soil, gravity tailings, and flotation tailings ........................................................ 11

 8. Plots of element enrichments in samples of tailings piles relative to average 

composition of fine (<0.063-mm grain size) fraction of three samples of 

streambed sediment collected from the unimpacted West Fork of Eagle Creek ............ 13

 9. Maps of the Prichard Creek, Eagle Creek, and Beaver Creek drainages, 

showing ranges of metal contents in fine (<0.063-mm grain size) fraction of 

samples of streambed sediment collected along segments of streams, along 

with locations of major lead-zinc ore millsites ...................................................................... 14

 10–15. Plots of metal contents in:

 10. Three grain-size fractions of samples of streambed sediment and in samples 

of unfractionated (bulk) suspended sediment from the Prichard Creek drainage 

basin versus distance upstream from mouth of Prichard Creek .................................. 19

 11. Fine (<0.063-mm grain size) fraction of samples of streambed sediment, 

streambank soil, and impounded tailings collected from Prichard Creek and 

Paragon, Granite, and Bear Gulches versus distance upstream from mouth 

of Prichard Creek ................................................................................................................. 20

 12. Three grain-size fractions of samples of streambed sediment and in samples 

of unfractionated (bulk) suspended sediment collected from the Eagle Creek 

drainage basin versus distance upstream from mouth of Eagle Creek ...................... 22

 13. Fine (<0.063-mm grain size) fraction of samples of streambed sediment, 

streambank soil, and impounded tailings collected from Tributary Creek and 

immediately downstream segment of the East Fork of Eagle Creek versus 

distance upstream from mouth of Eagle Creek ............................................................... 23

 14. Three grain-size fractions of samples of streambed sediment and in samples 

of unfractionated (bulk) suspended sediment collected from the Beaver Creek 

drainage basin versus distance upstream from mouth of Beaver Creek ................... 24

 15. Fine (<0.063-mm grain size) fraction of samples of streambed sediment, 

streambank soil, and artificial-fill material collected from Beaver and Carbon 

Creeks versus distance upstream from the mouth of Beaver Creek ........................... 26

 16. Plots of metal enrichments over background values in fine (<0.063-mm grain size) 

fraction of samples of streambed sediment collected from the Prichard Creek, 

Eagle Creek, and Beaver Creek drainages ............................................................................ 27

 17. Bar charts of median percentages of total mass of lead, zinc, arsenic, and 

mercury in three grain-size fractions of <1-mm-grain-size fraction of samples of 

streambed sediment collected from the Prichard Creek, Eagle Creek, and Beaver 

Creek drainages .......................................................................................................................... 28
 v

 18. Plots of percentages of total mass of lead, zinc, arsenic, and mercury that 

resides in fine (<0.063-mm grain size) fraction of <1-mm-grain-size fraction of 

samples of streambed sediment collected from the Prichard Creek, Eagle 

Creek, and Beaver Creek drainages ....................................................................................... 29

Tables

 1–4. Data on locations of samples of:

 1. Streambed sediment collected from the Prichard Creek, Eagle Creek, and 

Beaver Creek drainages in the northern Coeur d’Alene Mining District, 

northern Idaho ...................................................................................................................... 34

 2. Suspended sediment collected on April 14, 2000, from the Prichard Creek, 

Eagle Creek, and Beaver Creek drainages in the northern Coeur d’Alene 

Mining District, northern Idaho .......................................................................................... 36

 3. Streambank soils collected from Prichard Creek, Eagle Creek, and Beaver Creek 

drainages in the northern Coeur d’Alene Mining District, northern Idaho ......................37

 4. Artificial-fill material collected from Prichard Creek, Eagle Creek, and Beaver 

Creek drainages in the northern Coeur d’Alene Mining District, northern Idaho ..........38

 5. Grain-size distribution in samples of streambed sediment, streambank soils, 

and artificial-fill materia ...................................................................................................... 39

 6–9. Geochemical data for:

 6. Samples of unfractionated (bulk) suspended sediment collected on April 14, 2000, 

from the Prichard Creek, Eagle Creek, and Beaver Creek drainages in the 

northern Coeur d’Alene Mining District, northern Idaho ....................................................41

 7. The fine (<0.063-mm grain size) fraction of samples of streambed sediment, 

streambank soil, and artificial-fill material collected from the Prichard Creek, 

Eagle Creek, and Beaver Creek drainages in the northern Coeur d’Alene 

Mining District, northern Idaho .......................................................................................... 42

 8. The intermediate (0.063- to 0.25-mm grain size) fraction of samples of streambed 

sediment, streambank soil, and artificial-fill material collected from the Prichard 

Creek, Eagle Creek, and Beaver Creek drainages in the northern Coeur d’Alene 

Mining District, northern Idaho ................................................................................................48

 9. The coarse (0.25- to 1.0-mm grain size) fraction of samples of streambed 

sediment, streambank soil, and artificial-fill material collected from the Prichard 

Creek, Eagle Creek, and Beaver Creek drainages in the northern Coeur d’Alene 

Mining District, northern Idaho ........................................................................................... 54

 10. Results of blind analyses of National Institute of Standards & Technology Standard 

Reference Materials (SRM 2710, SRM 2711; Montana soils) ....................................................60

 11. Mean and standard deviation of the coefficients of variation for field duplicates of 

samples of suspended and streambed sediment and for annual replicate samples 

of streambed sediment collected from the Prichard Creek, Eagle Creek, and Beaver 

Creek drainages in the northern Coeur d’Alene Mining District, northern Idaho .................61

 12. Mean and standard deviation of the “background” composition of the fine 

(<0.063-mm grain size) fraction of samples of streambed sediment collected from a 

large unimpacted drainage (West Fork of Eagle Creek) relative to those of several 

smaller unimpacted tributaries or the upstream unimpacted reaches of impacted 

streams in the Prichard Creek, Eagle Creek, and Beaver Creek drainages in the 

northern Coeur d’Alene Mining District, northern Idaho ...........................................................62
Stream-Sediment Geochemistry in Mining-Impacted 

Streams: Prichard, Eagle, and Beaver Creeks, Northern 

Coeur d’Alene Mining District, Northern Idaho

Abstract

This report presents the results of one aspect of an integrated watershed-characterization study that was undertaken 

to assess the impacts of historical mining and milling of 

silver-lead-zinc ores on water and sediment composition and 

on aquatic biota in streams draining the northern part of the 

Coeur d’Alene Mining District in northern Idaho. We present 

the results of chemical analyses of 62 samples of streambed 

sediment, 19 samples of suspended sediment, 23 samples of 

streambank soil, and 29 samples of mine- and mill-related artificial-fill material collected from the drainages of Prichard, Eagle, 

and Beaver Creeks, all tributaries to the North Fork of the Coeur 

d’Alene River. All samples were sieved into three grain-size 

fractions (<0.063, 0.063–0.25, and 0.25–1.0 mm) and analyzed 

for 40 elements after four-acid digestion by inductively coupled 

plasma atomic-emission spectrometry and for mercury by continuous-flow cold-vapor atomic-absorption spectrometry in the 

U.S. Geological Survey laboratory in Denver, Colo.

Historical mining of silver-lead-zinc ores in the headwater reaches of the Prichard Creek, Eagle Creek, and Beaver 

Creek drainages has resulted in enrichments of lead, zinc, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, silver, copper, cobalt, and, to a lesser 

extent, iron and manganese in streambed sediment. Using 

samples collected from the relatively unimpacted West Fork 

of Eagle Creek as representative of background compositions, 

streambed sediment in the vicinity of the mines and millsites 

has Pb and Zn contents of 20 to 100 times background values, 

decreasing to 2 to 5 times background values at the mouth of 

the each stream, 15 to 20 km downstream. Lesser enrichments 

(<10 times background values) of mercury and arsenic also 

are generally associated with, and decrease downstream from, 

historical silver-lead-zinc mining in the drainages. However, 

enrichments of arsenic and, to a lesser extent, mercury also are 

areally associated with the lode gold deposits along Prichard Creek near Murray, which were not studied here. Metal 

contents in samples of unfractionated suspended sediment 

collected during a high-flow event in April 2000 are generally 

similar to, but slightly higher than, those in the fine (<0.063-

mm grain size) fraction of streambed sediment from the 

same sampling site. Although metal enrichment in streambed 

sediment typically begins adjacent to the mine portals and 

their associated mine-waste rock dumps, volumetrically larger 

inputs of metal-enriched materials were contributed by the 

ore-concentration millsites and their associated, more finely 

ground, more metal rich mill-tailings impoundments.

Introduction

The drainages of Prichard, Eagle, and Beaver Creeks, all 

tributaries to the North Fork of the Coeur d’Alene River in 

northern Idaho (figs. 1, 2), include sites of historical mining 

activities in the northern part of the Coeur d’Alene Mining 

District, one of the world’s largest producers of silver and one 

of the Nation’s largest historical producers of lead and zinc. 

Because of historical activities associated with the mining and 

milling of silver-lead-zinc ores, these streams have been significantly impacted both physically and chemically. The U.S. 

Forest Service (USFS) and the U.S. Bureau of Land Management (BLM) have large land holdings in this drainage basin. 

At their request, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) undertook a basinwide sampling program of surface water, ground 

water, stream sediment, minesite and other fill materials, and 

instream aquatic biota in 2000, 2001, and 2002. The surfaceand ground-water data have been reported elsewhere (Brennan and others, 2001, 2003; O’Dell and others, 2002; Ott and 

Clark, 2003). This report presents sampling and analytical data 

for basinwide streambed and suspended sediment, for selected 

vertical sections of streambank soil, and for artificial-fill materials around selected mines and millsites; a companion report 

(Harper and Farag, in press) presents sampling and analytical 

data for instream aquatic biota.

Regional Setting

The drainage basin of Prichard, Eagle, and Beaver Creeks 

incorporates four major drainages of approximately equal size: 

upper Prichard Creek (above its confluence with Eagle Creek), 

the West and East Forks of Eagle Creek, and Beaver Creek 

By Stephen E. Box, John C. Wallis, Paul H. Briggs, and Zoe Ann Brown
2 Stream-Sediment Geochemistry in Mining-Impacted Streams: Northern Coeur d’Alene Mining District, Northern Idaho

(fig. 2). European-American settlement of the basin began in 

the early 1880s with the discovery of placer gold in Prichard 

Creek (Magnuson, 1968). Significant early placer gold operations were located on Prichard Creek, lower Eagle Creek, 

and Trail Creek, a tributary to Beaver Creek (fig. 2). Older 

gravel deposits were hydraulically mined around 1900 in the 

hills north of Prichard Creek between the town of Murray and 

Eagle Creek (Ransome and Calkins, 1908). Between 1917 

and 1926, a large floating dredge worked most of the valley 

gravel for an 8-km reach of upper Prichard Creek in the vicinity of Murray, leaving large, coarse-cobble dredge-spoil piles 

(Campbell, 1927). Underground gold-quartz lode mines are 

located in the same general area as the placer gold workings; 

the two largest lode mines were the Golden Chest and Mother 

Lode Mines, flanking Prichard Creek a few kilometers above 

Murray. Several intermittent placer gold/gravel-mining operations along tributaries to Prichard Creek are the only mining 

activity in the basin today.

Underground mines that historically produced zinc, lead, 

and silver ore are located in the headwaters of Prichard Creek 

(fig. 3), the East Fork of Eagle Creek (fig. 4), and Beaver 

Creek (fig. 5). Although the largest mine production (1.4 million tons of ore) was in the upper Beaver Creek drainage, only 

about 0.5 million tons of ore was processed at millsites in this 

drainage. About 0.2 million tons of ore was mined and milled 

in upper Prichard Creek, and about 0.67 million tons in the 

upper East Fork of Eagle Creek (Jack Waite Mine and mill; 

Bennett and Mitchell, 1999; Kauffman and others, 1999b; 

K.R. Long, unpub. data, 2002). Ore-concentration mills in the 

drainages of upper Prichard Creek (Paragon/Blackhorse, Bear 

Top, and Monarch mills, fig. 3) and upper Beaver Creek (Carlisle/Ray Jefferson and Idora mills, fig. 5) that operated before 

1925 as gravity (“jig”) mills produced small-volume piles of 

fine- to coarse-grained, metal-enriched jig tailings, as well as 

trains of downstream, jig-tailings-contaminated flood plains 

and stream channels. Large-scale flotation mills that operated 

in the upper East Fork of Eagle Creek (Jack Waite mill, fig. 4) 

and upper Beaver Creek (rebuilt Carlisle mill, fig. 5) between 

1926 and 1960 produced large-volume, less metal rich flotation-tailings piles. A small-volume flotation-tailings pile was 

also produced between 1928 and 1930 at the Silver Strike 

millsite (fig. 3) in Granite Gulch, a tributary to upper Prichard 

Creek. No zinc-lead mining is active in the basin today.

Prichard Creek, which has the largest drainage in the 

study area (fig. 2), flows northwesterly to its confluence with 

the North Fork of the Coeur d’Alene River. Placer gold was 

Figure 1. Coeur d’Alene-Spokane River drainage in eastern Washington, northern Idaho and western Montana, showing location of 

study area in the Coeur d’Alene Mining District (see fig. 2).
Regional Setting 3

discovered near the junction of Prichard and Eagle Creeks in 

1882, and a general gold rush of placer miners began in 1883, 

leading to the establishment of the town of Murray in the 

middle of the placered reach of Prichard Creek (Magnuson, 

1968). By 1900, most of the major silver-lead-zinc deposits 

known in the drainage had been discovered (fig. 3). The history and total tailings production of ore-concentration mills in 

the drainage are shown in figure 6. Relatively coarse grained, 

metal-enriched jig tailings were produced by three mills 

between 1905 and 1921 (fig. 3): the Bear Top mill up Bear 

Gulch (Mitchell, 1997a), the Paragon/Blackhorse mill at the 

mouth of Paragon Gulch (Mitchell, 1998), and the Monarch 

mill along Prichard Creek below Paragon Gulch. Small-tonnage (<50,000 tons) streamside tailings impoundments were 

deposited at each site: below the Monarch and Paragon/Blackhorse millsites along Prichard Creek, and below the Bear Top 

millsite near the head of Bear Gulch. These impoundments 

have been somewhat eroded by the adjacent stream. For a few 

years in the late 1920s, two flotation mills operated in Granite 

Gulch: the Silver Strike and Giant Ledge mills. Tailings were 

impounded a short distance downstream from the Silver Strike 

millsite, but none are known from the Giant Ledge millsite.

Eagle Creek, a tributary to lower Prichard Creek, enters 

the larger stream from the north about 5.1 km above its mouth 

(fig. 2). The West and East Forks of Eagle Creek join about 2 

km upstream of its confluence with Prichard Creek (fig. 4). The 

West Fork is relatively unaffected by mining; the only producing mine (Crystal Lead Mine) in the drainage operated intermittently from 1941 to 1952, producing 11,000 tons of ore that 

was trucked out of the drainage to be milled elsewhere (Long, 

1998a). In contrast, the East Fork of Eagle Creek has been substantially impacted by mining and milling. The Jack Waite Mine 

and millsite is located near the headwaters of the drainage on 

Tributary Creek (figs. 2, 4); the mine produced about 670,000 

tons of ore from 1928 to 1957, which was concentrated in the 

adjacent mill by a flotation process a few hundred meters downstream to produce about 570,000 tons of flotation tailings (fig. 

6). The resulting fine-grained flotation tailings were released 

into Tributary Creek before December 1930 (Mitchell, 1997b), 

when, in response to complaints from downstream communiFigure 2. Prichard Creek, Eagle Creek, and Beaver Creek drainages in the northern Coeur d’Alene Mining District, northern Idaho, 

showing locations of sampling sites for streambed and suspended sediment. See figures 3 through 5 for locations of sampling sites 

for streambank soil and artificial-fill material.
Figure 3. Upper Prichard Creek drainage in the northern Coeur d’Alene Mining District, northern Idaho (figs. 1, 2), showing locations of 

sites and of sampling sites for streambed sediment, suspended sediment, streambank soil, and artificial-fill material.
Figure 4. Tributary Creek and upper East Fork of Eagle Creek drainages in the northern Coeur d’Alene Mining District, northern Idaho (figs. 

locations of mines, millsites, and tailings piles and of sampling sites for streambed sediment, suspended sediment, streambank soil, and artif
Figure 5. Upper Beaver Creek drainage in the northern Coeur d’Alene Mining District, northern Idaho (figs. 1, 2), showing locations of mine

ings piles and of sampling sites for streambed sediment, suspended sediment, streambank soil, and artificial-fill material.
Regional Setting 7

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Figure 6. Years of operation of (A) and total output of tailings from (B) silver-lead-zinc ore-concentration mills in 

the Prichard Creek, Eagle Creek, and Beaver Creek drainages in the northern Coeur d’Alene Mining District, northern 

Idaho (figs. 3-5). Data from K.R. Long (unpub. data, 2001).
8 Stream-Sediment Geochemistry in Mining-Impacted Streams: Northern Coeur d’Alene Mining District, Northern Idaho

ties, the operating mining company constructed streamside tailings impoundments or tailings piles (fig. 4) into which flotation 

tailings were transported by flume or pipe. These tailings piles 

have all been varyingly eroded by the adjacent stream.

Beaver Creek, the westernmost drainage in the study area 

(fig. 2), consists of one main branch that flows northwesterly to 

its confluence with the North Fork of the Coeur d’Alene River. 

Early placer gold mining began in the 1880s on Trail Creek 

and, to a lesser extent, on Beaver Creek below its confluence 

with Trail Creek (Ransome and Calkins, 1908). Significant 

production of silver-lead-zinc ores in the headwater reaches of 

the stream began after 1910, when small gravity mills operated 

on upper Beaver Creek (Idora) and Carbon Creek (Carlisle, 

then called Ray Jefferson, figs. 5, 6). Small, eroded jig-tailings impoundments remain adjacent to and downstream of the 

Idora millsite, but none has been identified below the Carlisle 

millsite. The portal to the Carlisle Mine is located in the valley bottom of Carbon Creek, about 0.5 km upstream from the 

Carlisle millsite (fig. 5); a significant waterflow emanates from 

the tunnel (Ott and Clark, 2003), passing over and along a large 

volume of angular non-ore or mine-waste rock (Kauffman and 

others, 1999a). Both the Idora and Carlisle gravity mills ceased 

operations before 1920. The Carlisle mill, which was rebuilt as 

a flotation mill in 1944, produced more than 440,000 tons of 

tailings before it ceased operation in 1952. Tailings were first 

piped to several small (30 by 30 by 1 m) impoundments downstream along Beaver Creek (sampling sites 148-151, fig. 5), all 

now varyingly eroded, followed by the establishment of a major, 

three-tiered tailings impoundment (gray area with sample sites 

109-111, fig. 5) that incorporated the bulk of the tailings production. This large impoundment was placed across the existing 

stream channel, which was routed to the north around it. The 

north flank of the impoundment is armored with large boulders 

to protect it from erosion by Beaver Creek.

Sampling Methodology

Sample Collection

All samples were collected in 2000 and 2001 with a 

plastic trowel or shovel into plastic sample bags, using the 

chain-of-custody protocol of Murphy and others (1997). Sampling-site locations were marked directly onto 1:24,000-scale 

USGS topographic maps by inspection in the field, and the 

latitude and longitude (in coordinates of Universal Transverse 

Mercator [UTM], zone 11, NAD 1927 datum) were obtained 

by using a Garmin GPSMAP 76 global-positioning-satellite 

(GPS) receiver system, typically with an instrumental error of 

less than ±10 m in the horizontal plane. Where the GPS instrument would not give a location (too few satellites visible) or 

the instrumental error was greater than 10 m, the sampling-site 

location was transferred to the digital orthophoto quadrangle, 

using Arcview 3.2 software, and the digitized location was 

recorded in the table; those locations are inferred to have a 

larger error of about ±50 m. Sampling-site information was 

also recorded on sample-collection forms and on chain-of-custody forms in a looseleaf binder. Samples were transported to 

the laboratory at the end of each day.

Streambed Sediment

At each streambed-sediment-sampling site, a composite of three to five subsamples from within the high-water 

channel was collected from the upper 10 cm of sediment 

within a 10-m-diameter circle. One subsample was collected 

from beneath the water’s edge at the time of sampling, and 

the other subsamples were collected above the low-water 

level on one side of the low-water stream and were mostly 

dry during sampling. Sampling was aimed at sand and finer 

material (<2-mm grain size), and subsampling was restricted 

to accumulations of that material in the typical sediment 

framework of cobble-size material. Digital photographs 

(available on request from the first author) were taken at 

each streambed-sediment-sampling site, looking upstream 

and downstream, as well as vertically downward from 1.5 

m, to illustrate sediment characteristics. The locations of 

streambed-sediment-sampling sites are shown on figure 2 

and listed in table 1.

Suspended Sediment

Samples of suspended sediment were collected within 

a 4-hour period during a single high-flow event on April 14, 

2000 (table 2). Streamflow during this event at the USGS 

gage at the mouth of Prichard Creek (sta. 12411935, fig. 2) 

was the second highest recorded during the 4-year period 

of operation of the gage (10/01/98–09/30/02). All but two 

samples were collected from the stream center from bridges, 

using a 2-gal plastic bucket on the end of a rope. The sample 

was poured from the bucket into a prelabeled 1-gal plastic 

Ziplock bag, filled to capacity. Two samples (00SB–B4, 

00SB–P5) were collected by wading into the stream and 

filling a 1-gal Plastic Ziplock bag directly. The sealed bag 

was placed in a second labeled plastic Ziplock bag, stored 

in a cardboard box in the vehicle, and transferred to the 

laboratory each night. The locations of suspended-sediment 

sampling sites are shown in figure 2.

Streambank Soil

Samples of streambank soil and surface material in the 

flood plain or in formerly active channels were collected at 

selected sites (table 3). At active-stream-cutbank sites (“channel” sampling method, table 3), the vertical cutbank was first 

cleaned of loose material with a trowel, and then a channel 

sample was collected over the indicated depth interval measured 

from the top of the cutbank. At flood-plain or formerly active 

channel sites (“composite” sampling method, table 3), only 

surficial material was sampled with a trowel from a few closely 

spaced holes; the depth of the holes is listed in table 3 (column 
Results 9

labeled “Depth-interval bottom”). The locations of streambanksoil-sampling sites are shown in figures 3 through 5.

Artificial-Fill Materials

Samples of artificial-fill material of several types were collected at selected sites (table 4), mostly near mines or millsites, 

including impounded flotation tailings (14 sampling sites), 

impounded gravity (“jig”) tailings (8 sampling sites), millsite-fill 

material (2 sampling sites), railroad-bed material (2 sampling 

sites) and mine-waste rock at a mine portal (1 sampling site). At 

all but two sampling sites, the material was collected by channelsampling the side of an excavated trench or a cleaned surface cut 

(“channel” sampling method, table 4), with the sample interval 

measured downward from the horizontal surface of the feature. 

Because of collection difficulties, the two exceptions (“composite” sampling method, table 4) were composited from three 

subsamples grabbed over the indicated interval. The locations of 

artificial-fill-sampling sites are shown in figures 3 through 5.

Sample Preparation

All samples (except those of suspended sediment) were 

dried in open sample bags at room temperature over a 2-week 

period after collection, with care taken to separate probable 

metal-enriched and metal-poor samples in order to avoid 

cross-contamination. The dried samples were then sorted in the 

sample-preparation laboratory of Eastern Washington University, Cheney, into nine different grain-size fractions (<0.063, 

0.063–0.125, 0.125–0.25, 0.25–0.5, 0.5–1, 1–2, 2–4, 4–8, 

and >8 mm) using the protocol of Peacock and others (2002). 

Each sample was screened by using standard wire-mesh sieves 

mounted on a “rotap” agitator for 3 minutes. Screens were 

hand-brushed and blown out with compressed air after each 

sorting. Each fraction was weighed to within 0.1 g, and its 

percentage of the total weight of the sample calculated (table 

5). Three fractions were sent to the USGS laboratory in Denver, 

Colo., for chemical analysis: (1) fine—less than 0.063 mm (clay 

and silt), (2) intermediate—0.063 to 0.25 mm (very fine to fine 

sand), and (3) coarse—0.25 to 1.0 mm (medium to coarse sand). 

The intermediate and coarse fractions were pulverized in preparation for chemical analysis, using the procedures of Taylor and 

Theodorakos (2002); the fine fraction was already fine enough 

for analysis and did not require further preparation.

Samples of stream water with suspended sediment were 

transported to the sample-preparation laboratory after collection, 

where they were allowed to settle in the sample bags for several 

days, after which the supernatant was decanted from each sample and its volume measured. The remaining cloudy water was 

centrifuged for 4 minutes, and supernatant was decanted from 

the centrifuge tube and its volume measured. The solid residues 

were transferred to preweighed glass sample vials and ovendried at 60°C for 1–3 days, during which some mercury may 

have been lost to vaporization. After drying, the sample vials 

were reweighed, and the weight of each sample calculated. The 

suspended sediment concentration was calculated by dividing 

the dry sample weight by the total supernatant volume (table 6).

Chemical Analyses

All samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma 

atomic-emission spectrometry (ICP–AES) in the USGS laboratory in Denver, Colo., for 40 elements (all except Hg), using 

the procedure of Briggs (2002), and for mercury by continuous-flow cold-vapor atomic-absorption spectrometry, using the 

procedure of Brown and others (2002).

Standards, Replicate Samples, and 

Field Duplicates

A total of 365 samples were analyzed, of which about 7 

percent were standards or replicate samples. The samples were 

analyzed in jobs of about 40 samples each; two batches of five 

jobs were analyzed about 1 year apart. Two National Institute of 

Standards & Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Materials 

(SRM 2710, SRM 2711) were analyzed with each year’s batch 

of five jobs (1 percent of total samples). Each year, six samples 

(3.1 percent of total) were split in the sample-preparation laboratory and submitted as replicates under different sample numbers. 

All standards and replicate samples were submitted “blind,” that 

is, without identifying them as such to the analytical laboratory.

A few field duplicates were collected to test within-site and 

temporal variations in sediment chemical composition. Of 19 

samples of suspended sediment samples, 3 (16 percent of total) 

were field duplicates, 2 at one sampling site and 1 at another. At 

two of the year 2000 streambed-sediment-sampling sites, two 

subareas within 20 m of each other were sampled; a total of six 

analyses (two sites times three size fractions) can be compared. 

In 2001, samples of streambed sediment were recollected at four 

of the year 2000 sampling sites to test the year-to-year variation 

in sediment chemical composition; with size fractionation, a 

total of 12 analyses can be compared.

Results

Analytical Data

Analytical data for the 19 samples of unfractionated 

(bulk) suspended sediment are listed in table 6, and for the 114 

fractionated samples of streambed sediment, streambank soil, 

and artificial-fill materials in tables 7 (<0.063-mm grain-size 

fraction), 8 (0.063- to 0.25-mm grain-size fraction), and 9 

(0.25- to1.0-mm grain-size fraction), respectively.

Although analytical data were reported for 41 elements, 

the data for only 31 elements are reported here. Of the 41 

elements, 6 were at or below instrumental detection limit 

for all the analyses (Au, <8 ppm; Bi, <10 ppm; Eu, <4 ppm; 

Ho, <4 ppm; Ta, <40 ppm; U, <100 ppm), and 4 were at or 

below 3 times the instrumental detection limit (Be, <1 ppm; 
10 Stream-Sediment Geochemistry in Mining-Impacted Streams: Northern Coeur d’Alene Mining District, Northern Idaho

Mo, <2 ppm; Sn, <5 ppm; Yb, <1 ppm) in more than 94 percent of the analyses, resulting in such poor precision that we 

do not report those results here.

Analytical Accuracy and Precision

The accuracy of the analytical data was gauged by blind 

analyses of two NIST SRM samples each year. Analytical data 

for the NIST SRM samples are listed in table 10, along with the 

NIST-certified values for certain elements and their reported 

ranges and the uncertified values for 11 elements (Ce, Co, Ga, 

La, Mo, Nd, Sc, Sr, Th, Y Yb). For elements for which certified 

values are listed, all of our analyses are within 4 percent of the 

range of certified values, except for Ag, Hg, and P (which are 

within 8 percent) and Ti (which is within 50 percent).

The precision of the analytical data was gauged by blind 

analyses of six replicate samples each year, for which the 

precision for each element is gauged by its coefficient of variation (CV, standard deviation divided by the mean value of each 

element in each replicate pair):

Element

Mean and 

standard 

deviation of 

CV (percent)

Al--------- 2±2

Ca--------- 2±2

Fe--------- 3±2

K---------- 2±1

Mg-------- 1±1

Na--------- 1±1

P---------- 4±6

Ti--------- 4±3

Ag--------- 1±1

As--------- 5±5

Ba--------- 2±2

Cd--------- 6±4

Ce--------- 3±3

Co--------- 4±4

Cr--------- 3±3

Cu--------- 4±4

Ga--------- 3±3

Hg--------- 3±2

La--------- 4±3

Mn-------- 3±4

Nb--------- 6±4

Nd--------- 3±3

Ni--------- 2±2

Pb--------- 5±4

Sc--------- 2±2

Sr--------- 2±2

Th--------- 4±4

V--------- 1±1

Y--------- 4±3

Zn--------- 3±5

Within-Site and Temporal Geochemical 

Variations

The mean and standard deviation (SD) of the CV for each 

element in the field duplicates of the streambed and suspended 

sediment and in the annual replicate samples collected at four 

streambed-sediment-sampling sites are listed in table 11. For 

the samples of suspended sediment, the field duplicates test the 

variation in sediment chemical composition over 5–10-minute 

intervals. The means of the CVs for each element are all less 

than 11 percent, with a median of 3 percent (5 percent for mining-related elements). For the samples of streambed sediment, 

the field duplicates test the variation in sediment chemical composition for pairs of composite samples within 20 m along the 

high-water channel. The means of the CVs for each element are 

all less than 30 percent, with a median of 8 percent (14 percent 

for mining-related elements). For the annual replicate samples 

of streambed sediment, the comparisons test the variation in 

sediment chemical composition at the same streambed-sediment-sampling site 1 year apart. The means of the CVs for each 

element are all less than 33 percent, with a median value of 12 

percent (26 percent for mining-related elements).

Grain-Size Analysis

The grain-size distributions for each sample of streambed 

sediment, streambank soil, and artificial-fill material are listed in 

table 5, and the average results for streambed sediment, streambank soil, gravity tailings, and flotation tailings are plotted in 

figure 7. Note that streambed sediment is relatively poor in fine 

material (8 weight percent fine sand, silt, and clay <0.25 mm), 

whereas flotation tailings are mostly composed of fine sediment 

(80 weight percent fine sand, silt, and clay), and gravity tailings 

and streambank soil have intermediate proportions of fine sediment. (The fine sand, silt, and clay fractions of the two media 

are 28 and 32 weight percent, respectively.) These data provide important information on the relative contribution of fine 

material from potential metal-enriched sources to streambed or 

suspended sediment by different media. For example, if equivalent masses of flotation and gravity tailings are eroded into the 

stream, the flotation tailings would contribute 3 times the mass 

of fine material contributed by the gravity tailings.

Discussion

Geochemistry of Premining Streambed 

Sediment

The streambed sediment that resided in drainages in the 

study area (fig. 2) before mining began has been eroded and 

mixed with sediment derived from mining activities, and so its 

premining geochemical characteristics are unknown. Although 

natural premining ore exposures may have resulted in higher 

The mean of the CVs for each element ranges from 1 to 6 

percent.
Discussion 11

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Figure 7. Average grain-size distributions in samples of streambed sediment (62 samples), streambank soil (23 samples), gravity 

tailings (8 samples) and flotation tailings (16 samples) collected from the northern Coeur d’Alene Mining District, northern Idaho 

(figs. 2–5).

metal contents in premining streambed sediment in the mined 

drainages (relative to unmined drainages), we suspect that 

the streambed sediment in other streams draining the regionally mineralized district but without historical mines provides 

an approximation to the streambed sediment that occupied 

the impacted drainages before mining began. These surrogate 

samples from other nearby drainages are either from the main 

drainages upstream from mining impacts, from unimpacted 

small tributaries, or from a similar-size unimpacted drainage. 

Because the West Fork of Eagle Creek is a relatively unimpacted drainage similar in size to Prichard Creek above the 

Eagle Creek confluence, to the East Fork of Eagle Creek, and 

to Beaver Creek, we consider its sediment to approximate the 

geochemical composition of premining streambed sediment in 

the other drainages. Although the West Fork of Eagle Creek is 

relatively unaffected by mining, one mine in the headwaters of 

the drainage that produced a small amount of ore might have 

slightly affected downstream sediment chemistry. The mean 

composition of the fine (<0.063-mm grain size) fractions of 

three samples of streambed sediment collected from the West 

Fork of Eagle Creek is compared with that of five samples either 

upstream of mining impacts (Tributary Creek, Prichard Creek) 

or from unimpacted tributaries (Butte Gulch, Trail Creek, East 

Fork of Eagle Creek above its confluence with Tributary Creek) 

in table 12. The two approaches yield nearly identical elemental 

“background” values for streambed sediment.

Geochemistry of Mining-Material Sources

Ore-concentration technology changed considerably 

during the history of mining and milling in the Coeur d’Alene 

Mining District (Long, 1998b). As a result, mill-waste materials (“tailings”) also changed considerably over time in terms of 

their grain-size and element-enrichment characteristics. Early 

(before 1925) mills used a relatively inefficient gravity-concentration technique (“jigging”), and their gravity (“jig”) tailings 

range in coarseness from clay and silt to fine gravel (fig. 7) and 

are highly enriched in ore-related elements. Later (after 1925) 

mills used a more efficient technique of flotation separation to 

concentrate ore minerals from more finely ground ore, and their 

tailings generally consist of fine sand, silt, and clay (fig. 7) and 

are much less enriched in ore-related elements.
12 Stream-Sediment Geochemistry in Mining-Impacted Streams: Northern Coeur d’Alene Mining District, Northern Idaho

To evaluate which elements have been enriched in sediment in the streams draining the mining district, we compare 

the chemical compositions of streambed sediment unaffected by mining with those of the tailings of ore-concentration mills in the mining district. In figure 8, we illustrate 

the relative element enrichments in mill tailings over the 

average chemical composition of three samples of streambed sediment collected from the unimpacted West Fork of 

Eagle Creek. The element enrichments (tailings composition divided by unimpacted-sediment composition) can be 

broadly considered as the number of times that the background values are exceeded. Data for samples of tailings collected from impoundments below the five gravity millsites in 

the mining district are plotted in figure 8A. A total of 10 elements are significantly enriched (3 or more times background 

values) in the gravity tailings (average enrichment factors 

in parentheses): Pb (650), Zn (400), Hg (140), Cd (80), Ag 

(30), Cu (11), As (7), Co (4), Fe (4), and Mn (3). For the flotation tailings (fig. 8B), enrichments in some elements (Pb, 

Ag, Hg) are consistently and significantly less than those in 

the gravity tailings; for the other mining-associated elements, 

enrichment factors overlap considerably between the samples 

of gravity and flotation tailings. However, if we compare 

elemental averages for samples of the two tailings types, all 

the mining-related elements are considerably less enriched in 

the flotation tailings relative to the gravity tailings.

Enrichments of Mining-Related Elements in 

Stream Sediment

Given the element enrichments that would be expected 

in stream sediment from release of the mining and milling 

source materials discussed above, we focus on four miningrelated elements in our discussion: lead, zinc, mercury (the 

elements most enriched in tailings), and arsenic (an element 

with potential human-health impact). Several factors result 

in variation of mining-related elemental concentrations in 

sediment in and along each of the major drainages in the 

study area (figs. 1, 2). As discussed above, the composition 

of tailings varies between each mill because of differences 

in the original ore concentrations and in the efficiency of 

each mill in separating economic commodities from the 

mill waste. Each mill generated different amounts of tailings over different time periods and had varying success at 

keeping those tailings from entering the streambed. Also, 

the topographic variation in each stream valley influence 

the dispersion, dilution, and residence time of miningrelated elements to the stream sediment. In the following 

section, the distributions of the above-mentioned four 

elements in the fine (<0.063-mm grain size) fraction of 

streambed sediment are summarized by element, followed 

by a more detailed presentation of the geochemical analyses of samples of streambed sediment, suspended sediment, 

streambank soil, and mining-related artificial-fill materials 

collected from each drainage basin.

Enrichments of Mining-Related Elements in the 

Fine Fraction of Streambed Sediment

Along-stream variations in Pb, Zn, As, and Hg contents 

in the fine (<0.063-mm grain size) fraction of streambed 

sediment throughout the study area (figs. 1, 2) are mapped in 

figure 9. Pb contents (fig. 9A) are as much as 128 times background value (max 10,500 ppm) and, in more than 80 percent 

of the samples, greater than 3 times background value (>250 

ppm). Peak enrichments of lead (>4,000 ppm Pb) occur in a 

headwater branch (Bear Gulch) of Prichard Creek in the vicinity of the Bear Top millsite, on a short reach of a tributary to 

Prichard Creek (Paragon Creek) just below the Paragon/Blackhorse millsite, in the headwaters of the East Fork of Eagle 

Creek (Tributary Creek) downstream from the Jack Waite 

Mine/millsite area, and in upper Beaver Creek below the Idora 

millsite (fig. 9A). Below the severely impacted mine/millsite 

areas, Pb contents remain above 3 times background value in 

Prichard Creek to its mouth, in Tributary Creek and the East 

Fork of Eagle Creek to the mouth of Eagle Creek, and in Beaver Creek to about 5 km upstream of its mouth.

Zn contents in the fine (<0.063-mm grain size) fraction of streambed sediment (fig. 9B) are as much as 77 times 

background value (max 8,700 ppm), and greater than 2 times 

background value (>250 ppm) in more than 80 percent of the 

samples. Peak enrichments of zinc (>4,000 ppm Zn) occur 

on slightly different stream reaches than those of lead: on a 

shorter reach of Tributary Creek downstream from the Jack 

Waite Mine/millsite area, a different short tributary to Bear 

Gulch above the Bear Top millsite, and near the Carlisle Mine/

millsite on Carbon Creek, a tributary to upper Beaver Creek 

(figs. 2–5). Below the severely impacted mine/millsite areas, 

Zn contents are greater than 2 times background value to the 

mouth of Prichard Creek, and greater than 4 times background 

value (>500 ppm Zn) to the mouths of both Eagle Creek and 

of Beaver Creek.

As contents in the fine (<0.063-mm grain size) fraction of 

streambed sediment (fig. 9C) are as much as 13 times background value (max 140 ppm), and greater than 2 times background value (>22 ppm) in about 50 percent of the samples. 

Peak enrichments of arsenic (>60 ppm As) occur in two areas: 

below the Silver Strike mill in Granite Gulch (a tributary to 

upper Prichard Creek), and along the middle and lower main 

stem of Prichard Creek, on a reach that is apparently associated with the area of lode gold deposits and with the valley 

floor that has been overturned by dredging (fig. 2). Weaker 

enrichments of arsenic are associated with the Jack Waite, 

Bear Top, Paragon, Idora, and Carlisle millsites.

Hg contents in the fine (<0.063-mm grain size) fraction 

of streambed sediment (fig. 9D) are as much as 100 times 

background value (max 6.1 ppm), and greater than 2 times 

background value (>0.12 ppm Hg) in 75 percent of the samples. 

Peak enrichments of mercury (>0.77 ppm Hg) occur in two 

areas: below the Jack Waite Mine/millsite in the headwaters of 

the upper East Fork of Eagle Creek, and near the Carlisle Mine/

millsite on Carbon Creek, a tributary to upper Beaver Creek 
Discussion 13

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Figure 8. Element enrichments in samples of tailings piles (n, number of averaged samples) collected from the 

northern Coeur d’Alene Mining District, northern Idaho (figs. 3–5), relative to average composition of three samples of 

fine (<0.063-mm grain size) fraction of streambed sediment collected from the unimpacted West Fork of Eagle Creek; 

relatively enriched elements are noted above peaks. A, Gravity (“jig”) tailings from five millsites. B, Flotation tailings 

associated with three different mills (data for Paragon mill gravity tailings from Johnson, 1999).
Figure 9. Prichard Creek, Eagle Creek, and Beaver Creek drainages in the northern Coeur d’Alene Mining District, northern Idaho (figs. 1, 2), s

Pb (A), Zn (B), As (C), and Hg (D) contents in fine (<0.063-mm grain size) fraction of streambed sediment along segments of streams, extrapolat

values at discrete sampling sites. Locations of stream-segment boundaries were interpolated from measured values at discrete sampling poin

to tributary junctions by inferred relations to either metal-poor or metal-enriched inflowing tributaries. Locations of major lead-zinc ore millsitea significant proportion of metal-enriched sediment, are also shown. Background values, based on samples from the unimpacted West Fork of Pb, 82±16 ppm; Zn, 113±15 ppm; As, 11±1 ppm; Hg, 0.06±0.01 ppm.
Figure 9.— Continued
Figure 9.— Continued
Figure 9.— Continued
18 Stream-Sediment Geochemistry in Mining-Impacted Streams: Northern Coeur d’Alene Mining District, Northern Idaho

(figs. 2-5). Weaker enrichments of mercury are also associated 

with the Bear Top, Paragon, Monarch, Giant Ledge, and Idora 

millsites. The downstream decrease in Hg content to less than 

2 times background value occurs about 4 km below the confluence of Tributary Creek and the East Fork of Eagle Creek, and 

about 5 km below the confluence of Carbon and Beaver Creeks, 

although a minor enrichment of mercury due to input from Pony 

Gulch occurs in middle Beaver Creek. Hg contents are greater 

than 3 times background value to the mouth of Prichard Creek; 

the persistence of this enrichment of mercury may be due to a 

small but widespread contribution from discarded processing 

mercury associated with placer and lode gold mining in the 

Murray-Eagle area (fig. 2).

Prichard Creek

The locations of sampling sites for streambed and suspended sediment in Prichard Creek are shown in figure 2, and 

the locations of mines and millsites and of sampling sites for 

streambed sediment, streambank soil, and artificial-fill material along upper Prichard Creek and its tributaries are shown in 

figure 3. The Pb, Zn, As, and Hg contents in three grain-size 

fractions of streambed sediment and in suspended sediment 

from the main stem of Prichard Creek are plotted against distance upstream from its mouth in figure 10, along with data for 

the fine (<0.063-mm grain size) fraction from near the mouths 

of several tributaries (Eagle Creek and Bear, Paragon, Granite, 

and Wesp Gulches) at their confluences with Prichard Creek.

Maximum enrichments of mining-related elements in 

streambed sediment in Prichard Creek (fig. 10) generally occur 

upstream from Murray (figs. 2) except for arsenic, which peaks 

from Murray to Eagle. The farthest-upstream sample from 

Prichard Creek, upstream of mining impacts, has the lowest 

Pb and Zn contents in the entire sample set. Metal contents 

increase downstream past the Paragon millsite and again past 

the Monarch millsite. Pb, Zn, and Hg contents peak in Prichard 

Creek just below the Monarch millsite and decrease sharply to 

the vicinity of the town of Murray, then more gradually downstream. As content increases only slightly past the Paragon and 

Monarch millsites but increases sharply below the inflow of Asrich sediment from Granite Gulch, then again at Murray below 

the inflow of arsenic-rich sediment from Wesp Gulch (fig. 9C).

In the Prichard Creek drainage basin (figs. 2, 3), Hg 

contents consistently decrease with increasing grain size in all 

samples of streambed sediment (mean ratio in fine over coarse 

fractions, 3.5); Pb and Zn contents mostly decrease with 

increasing grain size (mean ratios in fine over coarse fractions, 

1.5 and 1.3, respectively). As content is highest in the fine 

fractions of only three of eight samples and is highest in either 

the intermediate or coarse fraction of the other five samples.

During sampling of suspended sediment from the highrunoff event of April 14, 2000, Prichard Creek above the 

confluence of Butte Gulch (figs. 2, 3) was relatively clear 

(suspended-sediment concentration, 13–30 mg/L, table 6), and 

snow blanketed the streambanks. Chocolate-brown suspendedsediment-laden water (suspended-sediment concentration, 

683 mg/L, with background metal contents; sample 00SB–BU1, 

table 6) flowed out of Butte Gulch into Prichard Creek, which 

remained highly turbid to its mouth. Upstream from the inflow 

of Butte Gulch, Pb and Zn contents were high in the sparse 

suspended sediment of Prichard Creek but lower than those in 

the fine (<0.063-mm grain size) fraction of streambed sediment 

at each sampling site (As and Hg contents were below analytical 

detection limits in the small samples.) At Murray, 3 km downstream from the inflow of Butte Gulch, Pb and Zn contents in 

suspended sediment were similar to, and As and Hg somewhat 

less than, those in the fine fraction of streambed sediment at the 

same sampling sites. By the mouth of Prichard Creek, all four 

metal contents are the same in suspended sediment and in the 

fine fraction of streambed sediment at the same sampling sites. 

This downstream increase in compositional similarity between 

suspended sediment and the fine fraction of streambed sediment 

presumably reflects a gradual substitution of suspended material 

inflowing into Prichard Creek from Butte Gulch with resuspended material from the fine fraction of streambed sediment in 

Prichard Creek.

The spatial and compositional relations between streambed sediment, streambank soil, and impounded tailings along 

upper Prichard Creek and its mined tributaries are illustrated 

in figure 11. Significant element enrichments in streambed 

sediment occur in each stream below each streamside millsite, although the metal contents in streambed sediment are 

significantly lower than those in adjacent impounded tailings. 

If the metal-enriched sediment is interpreted as a mixture of 

native sediment and tailings, only about 1 to 3 percent tailings 

would be required to account for the Pb (a relatively insoluble 

element) content in the fine (<0.063-mm grain size) fraction of 

streambed sediment below each millsite.

Streambank soil represents both a potential source 

(through erosion) of material to streambed sediment and a 

record of past overbank deposition during channel-overflow 

floods. Because overbank deposits are derived from mobilized 

streambed sediment, the compositions of historically deposited streambank-soil horizons can be compared with those 

of present streambed sediment to test for temporal changes 

in the composition of streambed sediment. For example, the 

high metal content in streambank soil just downstream from 

the Bear Top millsite (fig. 11) is similar to that of impounded 

tailings just upstream, suggesting that tailings were once the 

dominant component of stream sediment near the millsite. 

In contrast, the metal contents in samples of streambank soil 

collected along Prichard Creek below both the Paragon and 

Monarch millsites have that are the same as or less than those 

in samples of the adjacent streambed sediment; no evidence 

exists that tailings input to this reach of Prichard Creek was 

ever significantly more in the past than at present.

Eagle Creek

The locations of sampling sites for streambed and suspended sediment in Eagle Creek are shown in figure 2, and 

the locations of mines and millsites and of sampling sites for 
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Figure 10. Pb (A), Zn (B), As (C), and Hg (D) contents in three grain-size fractions of samples of streambed sediment and in samples of unfracsuspended sediment collected from the Prichard Creek drainage basin in the northern Coeur d’Alene Mining District, northern Idaho (figs. 1, 2)upstream from mouth of Prichard Creek, beginning (at right) at head of Prichard Creek and continuing down to mouth. Data points for samples grain size) fraction of streambed sediment from tributaries to Prichard Creek are plotted at location of confluence of tributary and Prichard Cre
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Figure 11. Pb (A), Zn (B), As (C), and Hg (D) contents in fine (<0.063-mm grain size) fraction of samples of streambed sediment, streamban

impounded tailings collected from Prichard Creek and Paragon, Granite, and Bear Gulches in the northern Coeur d’Alene Mining District, n(fig. 3), versus distance upstream from mouth of Prichard Creek, with locations of four historical lead-zinc ore-concentration mills along strData for Paragon mill gravity tailings from Johnson (1999).
Discussion 21

streambed sediment, streambank soil, and artificial-fill material 

along Tributary Creek and the upper East Fork of Eagle Creek 

are shown in figure 4. The Pb, Zn, As, and Hg contents in three 

grain-size fractions of streambed sediment and in samples of 

suspended sediment collected from the main stem of Eagle 

Creek, the East Fork of Eagle Creek, and Tributary Creek versus 

distance upstream from the mouth of Eagle Creek are plotted in 

figure 12, along with data for the fine (<0.063-mm grain size) 

fraction of streambed sediment from near the mouths of two 

tributaries (upper East Fork of Eagle Creek above the Tributary 

Creek confluence, and the West Fork of Eagle Creek) at their 

confluence with the East Fork of Eagle Creek.

Maximum enrichments of mining-related elements (Pb, 

Zn, As, Hg) in streambed sediment of the Eagle Creek drainage basin (fig. 12) generally occur on Tributary Creek and 

on the East Fork of Eagle Creek for some distance below the 

Tributary Creek confluence (fig. 2). Streambed sediment from 

Tributary Creek 150 m upstream from the Jack Waite Mine 

portal (km 17.4, fig. 12) has background values of lead, zinc, 

and mercury but is relatively arsenic rich. Just below the mine 

portal (next sample downstream, fig. 12), Pb, As, and Hg contents peak in the Eagle Creek drainage basin (figs. 2, 4); Zn 

content peaks at the next sampling site downstream, below the 

Jack Waite millsite. Metal contents decrease sharply below the 

millsite and the first two tailings impoundments, and thence 

decrease irregularly to the confluence with the East Fork of 

Eagle Creek. Below the confluence of Tributary Creek and the 

East Fork of Eagle Creek, metal contents in streambed sediment decrease more gradually to the mouth of Eagle Creek.

In the Eagle Creek drainage basin (figs. 2, 4), the generalization that metal contents decrease with increasing grain 

size is consistently true only for mercury. The Hg content in 

the fine (<0.063-mm grain size) fraction of streambed sediment averages 4 times greater than that in the coarse (0.25- to 

1.0-mm grain size) fraction. The difference in Pb and Zn 

contents between grain-size fractions is much less than that in 

Hg content; the average fine-fraction/coarse-fraction ratios for 

Pb and Zn contents are 1.7 and 1.3, respectively. Although the 

fine fraction of each sample generally has the highest Pb and 

Zn contents of the three grain-size fractions (with a few exceptions), the Pb and Zn contents in the coarse fraction can be 

either higher or lower than that in the intermediate (0.063- to 

0.25-mm grain size) fraction. The coarse fraction has the highest As content in 7 of 11 samples, most commonly followed 

by the fine fraction. The metal contents in the two samples of 

suspended sediment collected from the main stem and East 

Fork of Eagle Creek are generally similar to, but slightly 

greater than, those in the fine fraction of streambed sediment 

at each sampling site.

The metal contents in the fine (<0.063-mm grain size) 

fraction of streambed sediment, streambank soil, and artificialfill material at sampling sites of potential sources of metals 

along Tributary Creek above its confluence with the East Fork 

of Eagle Creek (figs. 2, 4) are plotted in figure 13. The metal 

contents in samples of streambed sediment are similar to, but 

slightly less than, those in samples collected from the Jack 

Waite mill tailings impoundments, suggesting that the fine 

fraction of streambed sediment is derived dominantly from 

tailings mixed with a much smaller component of the native 

premining sediment of Tributary Creek, represented by the 

sample upstream from the Jack Waite Mine portal. Samples 

of streambank soil near the confluence of Tributary Creek and 

the East Fork of Eagle Creek (figs. 4, 13), which have metal 

contents higher than those in the present stream sediment, are 

inferred to represent deposits either from tailings released to 

the stream before construction of the first tailings impoundment in December 1930, or from erosion of an early tailings 

impoundment by a major early flood, such as that of December 1933, the second- or third-largest flood since EuropeanAmerican settlement of the mining district.

Beaver Creek

The locations of sampling sites for streambed and suspended sediment in Beaver Creek are shown in figure 2, and 

the locations of mines and millsites and of sampling sites for 

streambed sediment, streambank soil, and artificial-fill material in the drainage of upper Beaver Creek are shown in figure 

5. The Pb, Zn, As, and Hg contents in three grain-size fractions of streambed sediment and in unfractionated suspended 

sediment from the main stem of Beaver Creek versus distance 

upstream from its mouth are plotted in figure 14, along with 

data for the fine (<0.063-mm grain size) fraction of stream 

sediment from several tributaries (Pony Gulch and Carbon and 

Trail Creeks) at their confluences.

Maximum enrichments of mining-related elements (Pb, 

Zn, As, Hg) in streambed sediment of the Beaver Creek 

drainage basin (fig. 2) occur upstream from the Dobson Pass 

Road Bridge (fig. 5). Metal contents in the farthest-upstream 

samples from both Beaver and Carbon Creeks appear to be 

significantly higher than background values; presumably, 

the mine workings in each drainage above those points have 

contributed small amounts of metal-enriched sediment to the 

streams. Peak contents of various metals in the streambed 

sediment occur at different places along the stream. Pb content peaks just below the Idora millsite and decreases sharply 

to the Dobson Pass Road Bridge, then more gradually to the 

mouth of Beaver Creek. Zn and As contents also increase 

below the Idora millsite but peak just below the confluence of Carbon Creek, apparently owing to the addition of 

metal-enriched material from that drainage. Hg content also 

increases below the Idora millsite but peaks just above the 

confluence of Carbon Creek. Although Hg and As contents 

decrease from the Carbon Creek confluence to the mouth of 

Beaver Creek, both Hg and As contents increase slightly in 

the fine fraction of streambed sediment below Pony Gulch, 

apparently owing to the contribution of metal-enriched 

material from that drainage. Kauffman and others (1999a) 

reported the existence of a lode gold mine in upper Pony 

Gulch that may be the source of that material.

In the Beaver Creek drainage basin (figs. 2, 5), metal 

contents decrease with increasing grain size in all samples 

of streambed sediment for mercury (mean ratio in fine over 
Figure 12. Pb (A), Zn (B), As (C), and Hg (D) contents in three grain-size fractions of samples of streambed sediment and in samples of unfrac

pended sediment collected from the Eagle Creek drainage basin in the northern Coeur d’Alene Mining District, northern Idaho (figs. 1, 2), versufrom mouth of Eagle Creek, beginning (at right) at head of Tributary Creek and continuing down the East Fork of Eagle Creek to mouth of main sData points for fine (<0.063-mm grain size) fraction of streambed sediment from tributaries to Eagle Creek are plotted at confluence of tributary 

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Discussion 25

coarse fractions, 4.2) and, less consistently, in most samples 

for lead and zinc (mean ratios in fine over coarse fraction, 

2.3 and 1.5, respectively). As content is highest in the fine 

fraction of only a third of the samples and most typically (in 

five of nine samples) is highest in the intermediate (0.063- to 

0.25-mm grain size) fraction. The Pb, Zn, and Hg contents in 

unfractionated samples of suspended sediment collected from 

Beaver Creek during the high-flow event of April 14, 2000, 

generally are slightly higher than those in the fine fraction of 

streambed sediment at each sampling site. However, the As 

content in suspended sediment, though generally similar to 

that in streambed sediment, shows no consistent relation to 

that in any of the grain-size fractions.

The metal contents in the fine (<0.063-mm grain size) 

fraction of streambed sediment, streambank soil, and artificialfill material at sampling sites of potential sources of metals 

along upper Beaver Creek and its tributaries (figs. 2, 5) are 

plotted in figure 15. In upper Beaver Creek (above the Carbon 

Creek confluence), gravity tailings from the Idora mill, which 

show strong element enrichments over present streambed sediment, are clearly the source of the middle unit of streambank 

soil downstream (see next paragraph), on the basis of Pb and 

Hg contents. The metal contents in Carlisle mill flotation tailings are much lower, overlapping with, but mostly less than, 

those in adjacent streambed sediment. The high metal contents 

of the present streambed sediment of upper Beaver Creek cannot result from erosion of Carlisle mill flotation tailings but 

most likely are due to erosion of Idora mill tailings impoundments and of streambank soil rich in Idora mill tailings.

In the upper Beaver Creek drainage, unconsolidated 

streambank deposits (ranging in grain size from silt to coarse 

angular cobbles, here called simply “soil”) are here divided 

into lower, middle, and upper units, depending on their relative stratigraphic position. The lower unit consists of pebble 

to cobble conglomerate with a dark-brown, organic-rich fine 

matrix; the middle unit consists of red-brown sandy material; 

and the upper unit consists of light-colored, sand-poor, pebblecobble gravel. As mentioned above, the high metal content 

in the middle unit of streambank soil and its downstream 

decrease suggests that this material represents overbank sediment deposited from the stream channel when aggraded with 

gravity tailings from the Idora mill. We suspect that aggradation 

of the streambed and deposition of the middle unit of streambank soil occurred during or soon after operation of the Idora 

mill (1913–17). The very high Zn content in sample 105A 

at km 14.7 (figs. 5, 15) may approximate that in the original 

unweathered tailings; this sample is the only unoxidized material collected from the middle unit of streambank soil or from 

the Idora mill gravity tailings (deposited behind a 1.5-m-high 

plank dam across the stream that was subsequently breached). 

The upper unit of streambank soil records overbank deposition 

of coarse, subangular streambed materials when the stream bed 

was aggraded by an influx of coarse colluvial material. Vertical 

black-and-white USFS aerial photographs taken in 1937 show 

large deforested areas on the slopes above upper Beaver Creek 

and several major avalanche chutes that had built visible debris 

cones of colluvial material in the valley bottom. We suspect 

that the heavy influx of this colluvial material would clog the 

stream channel and would result in more common overbankflood events, depositing the coarse upper unit of streambank soil 

during that period. Subsequent to this aggradational episode, the 

previously aggraded deposits were eroded from the streambed, 

lowering its elevation and leaving an aggraded alluvial bench 

along the stream that is rarely inundated. Metal contents of the 

upper unit of streambank soil are intermediate between those of 

the jig-tailings-rich middle unit of streambank soil and the present streambed sediment (fig. 15).

Enrichments of mining-related elements in the streambed 

sediment of Carbon Creek show a pattern distinct from those 

in the streambed sediment of Beaver Creek (fig. 15). Metal 

contents in the farthest-upstream sample (10, fig. 5) collected 

from Carbon Creek are above background values, presumably owing to contributions from mine drainage and minewaste-rock dumps still farther up the drainage. Metal contents 

increase downgradient, even upstream of the significant 

disturbances at the Carlisle Mine portal, most likely owing 

to contributions from mine drainage and mine-waste-rock 

dumps associated with the Amazon-Manhattan Mine/Blue 

Grouse-Mountain Goat Mine trend of workings (fig. 5). The 

Pb, Zn, and Hg contents in the streambed sediment of Carbon Creek peak below the Carlisle Mine portal and decrease 

farther downstream below the Carlisle millsite. Enrichments of 

mining-related elements in the streambed sediment of Carbon 

Creek above the Carlisle millsite cannot be the result of milltailings release but must be due primarily to erosion of minewaste-rock dumps and to precipitation of dissolved elements 

from mine drainage (such as from the Carlisle Mine portal; see 

Ott and Clark, 2003) and, possibly, from ground water draining through the mine-waste-rock dumps.

Enrichments of Mining-Related Elements over 

Background Values

The enrichment of each of four mining-related elements 

(Pb, Zn, As, Hg) in streambed sediment over background values and their interrelations differ for each drainage in the study 

area (figs. 1, 2, 16). For example, in Eagle Creek, the relative 

order of enrichment is Pb>Zn>Hg>As consistently along the 

length of the stream (except for a spike in Hg content below 

the Jack Waite Mine portal). In contrast, Beaver Creek shows 

a similar pattern above its junction with Carbon Creek, but 

farther downstream the relative enrichment of lead decreases 

more rapidly than those of the other three elements, such that 

the relative order of enrichment is Zn>Pb>Hg>As in lower 

Beaver Creek. In Prichard Creek, no enrichment of arsenic 

is associated with those of the other three elements above 

Granite Gulch. The As content in stream sediment increases 

below the confluence with Granite Gulch but continues to 

increase farther downstream, suggesting other sources of arsenic enrichment (for example, waste materials from lode gold 

mines) along lower Prichard Creek.
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Figure 15. Pb (A), Zn (B), As (C), and Hg (D) contents in fine (<0.063-mm grain size) fraction of samples of streambed sediment, streambank 

fill material (impounded tailings except where noted) collected from Beaver and Carbon Creeks in the northern Coeur d’Alene Mining Distric

(fig. 5), versus distance upstream from mouth of Beaver Creek, with locations of two historical Pb-Zn ore-concentration mills and one major stream labeled.
Discussion 27

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Figure 16. Enrichments of lead, zinc, arsenic and mercury over background values in fine (<0.063-mm grain size) 

fraction of samples of streambed sediment collected from Prichard Creek (A), Tributary Creek and East Fork and 

main stem of Eagle Creek (B), and Beaver Creek (C) in the northern Coeur d’Alene Mining District, northern Idaho 

(figs. 1, 2); background values based on mean Pb, Zn, As, and Hg contents in fine fraction of three samples of 

streambed sediment collected from the unimpacted West Fork of Eagle Creek.
28 Stream-Sediment Geochemistry in Mining-Impacted Streams: Northern Coeur d’Alene Mining District, Northern Idaho

Proportion of Metal Mass in the Fine Fraction of 

Streambed Sediment

In figures 10, 12, and 14, the metal contents in the fine 

(<0.063-mm grain size) fraction of streambed sediment are 

generally higher than those in either the intermediate (0.063- 

to 0.25-mm grain size) or the coarse (0.25- to 1.0-mm grain 

size) fraction. However, because the weight percentage of 

each grain-size fraction was measured (table 5), the proportion 

of the total mass of each metal in each analyzed sample that 

resides in each grain-size fraction can be calculated. A plot of 

the median percentages of the total mass of each metal in each 

grain-size fraction by drainage basin (fig. 17) shows that relatively little (~10 percent) is carried in the fine fraction (clay 

and silt) and that most (~65 percent) is carried in the coarse 

fraction (medium to coarse sand). This difference results from 

the much greater mass of the coarse fraction than of the other 

two fractions, even though the metal contents in the finer grain 

sizes actually are slightly higher. Although differences exist 

between drainages in the proportions of each metal carried in 

the fine fraction (fig. 18), in each drainage the percentage of 

metal mass in the fine fraction is highest for mercury, followed 

by lead, zinc, and arsenic. Plots of the percentage of the total 

mass of each metal in the fine fraction of each sample against 

downstream location (fig. 18) indicate relatively little systematic change downstream, although generally more of the 

metal load is carried in the fine fraction in the vicinity of the 

source mine/millsites.

Conclusions

Historical mining of silver-lead-zinc ores in the headwater reaches of the Prichard Creek, Eagle Creek, and Beaver 

Creek drainages (figs. 2–5) has resulted in enrichments of lead, 

zinc, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, silver, copper, cobalt, and, 

to a lesser extent, iron and manganese in streambed sediment. 

Using the metal contents in samples collected from the relatively unimpacted West Fork of Eagle Creek as representative 

of background values, the Pb and Zn contents in streambed 

sediment in the vicinity of the mines and millsites are 20 to 100 

times background values, decreasing downstream to 2 to 5 times 

background values over 15 to 20 km to the mouth of the stream. 

Lesser enrichments (<10 times background values) of mercury 

and arsenic that are also generally associated with silver-leadzinc mining decrease downstream, although enrichment of 

arsenic also is areally associated with the lode gold deposits 

near Murray, which were not studied here. Metal contents in 

suspended sediment collected during the high-flow event of 

April 14, 2000, are generally similar to, but slightly higher than, 

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Figure 17. Partitioning of total mass of each of four metals (lead, zinc, arsenic, and mercury) in <1.0-mm-grain-size fraction of 

streambed sediment between coarse, intermediate, and fine fractions (using median percentages by drainage) in samples collected

from the Prichard Creek, Eagle Creek, and Beaver Creek drainages in the northern Coeur d’Alene Mining District, northern Idaho 

(figs. 1, 2).
Conclusions 29

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Figure 18. Percentages of total mass of lead, zinc, arsenic, and mercury that resides in the fine (<0.063-mm grain 

size) fraction of <1-mm grain-size fraction of samples of streambed sediment from Prichard Creek (A), Eagle Creek 

(B), and Beaver Creek (C) drainages in the northern Coeur d’Alene Mining District, northern Idaho (figs. 1, 2), versus 

distance upstream from mouth of creek.
30 Stream-Sediment Geochemistry in Mining-Impacted Streams: Northern Coeur d’Alene Mining District, Northern Idaho

those in the fine (<0.063-mm grain size) fraction of streambed 

sediment from the same sampling site. Although element enrichments in streambed sediment typically begin at the mine portals 

and their associated mine-waste-rock dumps, more volumetrically significant inputs of metal-enriched materials were contributed by the ore-concentration mills and their associated accumulations of more finely ground, more metal enriched tailings.

Metal enrichments in the streambed sediment of Eagle 

Creek originate at the inactive Jack Waite Mine/millsite in 

the headwater reaches of Tributary Creek, the largest ore 

producer in the study area (figs. 1, 2). The metal contents in 

samples of streambed sediment are similar to, but generally 

less than, those in samples of the Jack Waite flotation-tailings impoundments, suggesting that the fine fraction bears 

a significant component of eroded tailings mixed with a 

much smaller component of the native sediment of Tributary 

Creek. Historical records indicate that tailings were not initially impounded but were discarded directly into the stream. 

Streambank soil just above the confluence of Tributary Creek 

with the East Fork of Eagle Creek, which has metal contents 

higher than those of the present stream sediment, is inferred 

to represent overbank deposits from this early era of stream 

disposal of tailings.

Several abandoned Silver-Lead-Zinc mines and millsites 

are located along upper Prichard Creek and its tributaries 

(Paragon, Granite, and Bear Gulches, figs. 2–5). Streambed sediment of the Prichard Creek drainage basin is less 

enriched in lead and zinc than that of Tributary Creek, even 

though Pb and Zn contents in gravity tailings from mills in 

the Prichard Creek drainage are 5 to 10 times greater than in 

flotation tailings from the Jack Waite mill along Tributary 

Creek, suggesting that the release of tailings into Prichard 

Creek was much less than that into Eagle Creek. The absence 

of tailings-bearing streambank soils along Prichard Creek 

with much higher metal contents than those of the present streambed sediment suggests that tailings were always 

impounded and not directly released into Prichard Creek or 

its tributaries. High As contents were measured in samples 

of streambed sediment collected from Granite Gulch below 

the Silver Strike Mine/millsite and from Prichard Creek near 

Murray, where several lode gold mines apparently contributed arsenic-rich materials to the stream.

Although enrichments of mining-related elements in 

streambed sediment are associated with abandoned ore-concentration millsites in upper Beaver Creek (Idora millsite) and 

in its major tributary Carbon Creek (Carlisle millsite), lesser 

enrichments farther upstream are associated with mine portals 

and mine-waste-rock dumps (fig. 5). Early, highly metalenriched gravity tailings were produced by each mill, although 

impounded gravity tailings are preserved only at the Idora 

millsite. Downstream from each millsite, the middle unit of 

streambank soil has high metal contents similar to those of the 

gravity tailings, indicating that both gravity mills sometimes 

discarded tailings directly into the streams, whereas the metal 

contents in the upper unit of streambank soil are intermediate 

between those in the gravity tailings and the present incised 

streambed. The progressive decrease of metal contents from 

the middle to upper units to those of the present streambed 

sediment apparently records reductions of the metal contents 

in streambed sediment over time since the end of operation 

of the early gravity mills. Major volumes of flotation tailings 

(second only to those from the Jack Waite mill) were generated at the Carlisle mill in the 1940s and 1950s; however, these 

tailings, which are generally less metal enriched than the adjacent streambed sediment, were more effectively impounded 

and so were never major contributors of metal to adjacent and 

downstream streambed sediment.

Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the USFS, BLM, and the 

USGS. We thank Ray Tesoro, Jeff Johnson, Jim Northrup, and 

Chris Dail of the USFS and Steve Moore and David Fortier of 

BLM for their support and encouragement. We appreciate the 

interaction with other USGS colleagues who undertook related 

studies of surface and ground waters (Dave Clark, Doug Ott, 

and Pat Lambert) and of aquatic biota (Aida Farag, Dave 

Harper, Jack Goldstein, and Terry Maret). We also thank Chris 

Murphy of the USGS analytical laboratory in Denver, Colo., 

for his careful oversight of sample handling, and Eastern 

Washington University, Cheney, for the use of their grain-sizefractionation facilities. Thanks also to George Havach for his 

careful editing of the manuscript.

References Cited

Bennett, E.H., and Mitchell, V.E., 1999, Prichard Creek and 

Eagle Creek drainages, v. 1 of Site inspection report for 

the abandoned and inactive mines in Idaho on U.S. Forest 

Service lands (Region 1), Idaho Panhandle National Forest: 

Moscow, Idaho Geological Survey administrative report to 

U.S. Forest Service Region 1, 278 p.

Brennan, T.S., Campbell, A.M., Lehman, A.K., and O’Dell, 

Ivalou, 2001, Upper Columbia River Basin and Snake River 

Basin below King Hill, v. 2 of Water resources data—Idaho, 

water year 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report 

ID–00–2, 402 p.

Brennan, T.S., Lehman, A.K., Campbell, A.M., O’Dell, 

Ivalou, and Beattie, S.E., 2003, Upper Columbia River 

Basin and Snake River Basin below King Hill, v. 2 of Water 

resources data—Idaho, water year 2002: U.S. Geological 

Survey Water Data Report ID–02–2, 376 p.

Briggs, P.H., 2002, The determination of forty elements in 

geological and botanical samples by inductively coupled 

plasma-atomic emission spectrometry, in Taggart, J.E., Jr., 

ed., Analytical methods for chemical analysis of geologic 

and other materials: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File 

Report 02–223, p. G–1 to G–18 [URL http://pubs.usgs.

gov/of/2002/ofr-02-0223/].
Brown, Z.A., O’Leary, R.M., Hageman, P.L., and Crock, J.G. 

2002, Mercury in water, geologic, and plant materials by 

continuous flow-cold vapor-atomic absorption spectrometry, 

in Taggart, J.E., Jr., ed., Analytical methods for chemical 

analysis of geologic and other materials: U.S. Geological 

Survey Open-File Report 02–223, p. M–1 to M–9 [URL 

http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-0223/].

Campbell, Stewart, 1927, 28th annual report of the mining 

industry of Idaho for the year 1926: Moscow, Idaho Bureau 

of Mines and Geology, p. 45.

Harper, D.D., and Farag, A.M., in press, Metals uptake by and 

impacts to aquatic biota from historic mining of lead and 

zinc ores, Prichard and Beaver Creeks, Idaho; sampling and 

analytical methods, and analytical results: U.S. Geological 

Survey Open-File Report.

Johnson, J.K., 1999, Contaminant and hazardous materials characterization for the abandoned Paragon mine site, 

Shoshone County, Idaho: Missoula, University of Montana, 

M.S. thesis, 83 p.

Kauffman, John, Bennett, E.H., and Mitchell, V.E., 1999a, 

Coeur d’Alene River drainage surrounding the Coeur 

d’Alene mining district (excluding Prichard and Eagle 

Creek drainages), v. 3 of Site inspection report for the abandoned and inactive mines in Idaho on U.S. Forest Service 

lands (region 1), Idaho Panhandle National Forest: Moscow, 

Idaho Geological Survey administrative report to U.S. Forest Service Region 1, 296 p.

Kauffman, John, Bennett, E.H., and Mitchell, V.E., 1999b, 

Prichard Creek and Eagle Creek drainages, v. 4 of Site 

inspection report for the abandoned and inactive mines in 

Idaho on U.S. Forest Service lands (Region 1), Idaho Panhandle National Forest: Moscow, Idaho Geological Survey 

administrative report to U.S. Forest Service Region 1, 200 p.

Long, K.R., 1998a, Grade and tonnage for Coeur d’Alenetype polymetallic veins: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File 

Report 98–583, 28 p.

Long, K.R., 1998b, Production and disposal of mill tailings in 

the Coeur d’Alene mining region, Shoshone County, Idaho; 

preliminary estimates: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File 

Report 98–595, 14 p.

Magnuson, R.G., 1968, Coeur d’Alene diary; the first ten 

years of hardrock mining in north Idaho: Portland, Oreg., 

Binford & Mort, 319 p.

Mitchell, V.E., 1997a, History of the Bear Top, Ione, and 

Orofino mines, Shoshone County, Idaho: Moscow, Idaho 

Geological Survey special report prepared for the U.S. Forest Service under agreement FS–01–96–14–2800, 42 p.

Mitchell, V.E., 1997b, History of the Jack Waite mine, Shoshone County, Idaho: Moscow, Idaho Geological Survey 

special report prepared for the U.S. Forest Service under 

agreement FS–01–96–14–2800, 73 p.

Mitchell, V.E., 1998, History of the Black Horse, Paragon, and 

St. Peter mines, Shoshone County, Idaho Moscow, Idaho 

Geological Survey special report prepared for the U.S. Forest Service under agreement FS–01–96–14–2800, 47 p.

Murphy, Christine, Briggs, Paul, Adrian, Betty, Wilson, Steve, 

Hageman, Phil, and Theodorakos, Pete, 1997, Chain of 

custody—recommendations for acceptance and analysis of 

evidentiary geochemical samples: U.S. Geological Survey 

Circular 1138, 26 p. [URL http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1997/

c1138/c1138.pdf].

O’Dell, Ivalou, Beattie, S.E., Campbell, A.M., Lehman, A.K., 

and Brennan, T.S., 2002, Upper Columbia River Basin and 

Snake River Basin below King Hill, v. 2 of Water resources 

data—Idaho, water year 2001: U.S. Geological Survey 

Water Data Report ID–01–2, 412 p.

Ott, D.S., and Clark, D.W., 2003, Quantification of metal 

loads and assessment of metal sources in upper Beaver 

Creek watershed, Shoshone County, Idaho, May and June 

2002: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03–4206, 32 p.

Peacock, T.R., Taylor, C.D., and Theodorakos, P.M., 2002, 

Stream-sediment sample preparation, in Taggart, J.E., Jr. 

ed., Analytical methods for chemical analysis of geologic 

and other materials: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File 

Report 02-223, p. A2–1 to A2–5 [URL http://pubs.usgs.

gov/of/2002/ofr-02-0223/].

Ransome, F.L., and Calkins, F.C., 1908, The geology and ore 

deposits of the Coeur d’Alene District, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 62, 203 p.

Taylor, C.D., and Theodorakos, P.M., 2002, Rock sample 

preparation, in Taggart, J.E., Jr., ed., Analytical methods 

for chemical analysis of geologic and other materials: U.S. 

Geological Survey Open-File Report 02–223, p. A1–1 to 

A1–5 [URL http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-0223/].

References Cited 31
Tables 1–12
Table 1. Data on locations of samples of streambed sediment collected from the Prichard Creek, Eagle Creek, and Beaver Creek drainages in the n

Mining District, northern Idaho. [UTM, Universal Transverse Mercator projection, zone 11, NAD27 datum; for samples from tributaries, distance above mouth of drainage basin is measured from mouth of trib

drainage, and distance above tributary mouth is measured to mouth of tributary. Do, ditto] Sample UTM east UTM north Sampling date Elevation (ft) 1:24,000-scale USGS topographic map Drainage basin Distance above mouth of drainage basin (km) Tributary name 

01 576703 5275753 8/9/00 2,370 Prichard Beaver Creek .3 -- 02 578484 5274055 8/9/00 2,460 Osburn do 3.1 -- 03 579667 5273116 8/9/00 2,520 do do 4.8 Trail Creek 04 579896 5272107 8/9/00 2,560 do do 6.2 -- 05 581021 5270489 8/9/00 2,700 do do 8.0 Pony Gulch 06A 580356 5268981 8/9/00 2,700 do do 9.8 -- 06B 580356 5268981 8/9/00 2,700 do do 9.8 -- 07 581709 5267498 8/9/00 2,840 do do 12.2 -- 08 583870 5268382 8/10/00 3,120 do do 15.1 -- 09 583623 5268185 8/10/00 3,060 do do 14.7 Carbon Creek 10 585554 5268397 8/9/00 3,990 Burke do 14.7 do 11 577552 5278443 8/10/00 2,410 Prichard Prichard Creek 0.5 -- 12 582941 5275027 9/14/00 2,620 do do 8.2 -- 13 585810 5275137 9/14/00 2,752 Murray do 11.2 -- 14 587190 5274646 9/14/00 2,880 Burke do 12.7 Wesp Gulch 15 588222 5273772 8/16/00 2,885 do do 14.1 Butte Gulch 16 588182 5273680 8/16/00 2,885 do do 14.2 -- 17 590448 5272501 8/16/00 3,060 do do 16.8 Bear Gulch 18 594431 5274816 8/16/00 3,640 Thompson Pass do 16.8 do 19 590662 5272097 9/14/00 3,060 Burke do 17.2 Granite Gulch 20 590309 5270117 9/14/00 3,320 do do 17.2 do 21 590751 5272176 8/16/00 3,050 do do 17.3 -- 22 593477 5271793 8/16/00 3,990 do do 20.4 -- 23 593818 5271902 8/16/00 3,450 do do 20.9 Paragon Gulch 24 595277 5271332 8/16/00 3,860 Thompson Pass do 22.6 -- 25 581111 5277210 9/14/00 2,535 Prichard Eagle Creek 5.1 -- 26 583783 5280173 8/17/00 2,750 do do 1.6 West Fork of Eagle Creek. 27 582915 5278045 8/17/00 2,620 do do 2.3 -- 28A 585991 5280462 8/17/00 2,850 Murray do 6.6 -- 28B 585991 5280494 8/17/00 2,850 do do 6.6 -- 29 589065 5280931 8/17/00 3,100 do do 9.9 -- 30 592006 5282138 8/17/00 3,420 do do 13.4 Tributary Creek 
Sample UTM east UTM north Sampling date Elevation (ft)

1:24,000-scale

USGS

topographic

map

Drainage

basin

Distance above

mouth of

drainage basin

(km)

Tributary

name

31 594298 5279699 8/17/00 4,230 Black Peak do 13.4 Tributary Creek 32 584210 5268028 8/10/00 3,280 Prichard Beaver Creek 14.7 Carbon Creek 33 583840 5268062 8/10/00 3,150 Osburn do 14.7 do 34 583364 5268152 8/10/00 3,030 do do 14.3 -- 35 593874 5271978 8/16/00 3,540 Thompson Pass Prichard Creek 20.9 Paragon Gulch 36 594723 5274924 8/16/00 3,670 do do 16.8 Bear Gulch 37 591546 5274065 8/16/00 3,250 Burke do 16.8 do 38 592038 5271716 8/16/00 3,200 do do 18.8 -- 39 592951 5281207 8/17/00 3,660 Murray Eagle Creek 13.4 Tributary Creek 40 592263 5282520 8/17/00 3,440 do do 13.9 -- 41 585608 5283697 8/17/00 3,040 do do 1.6 West Fork of 

Eagle Creek.

42 581132 5277103 9/14/00 2,535 Prichard Prichard Creek 5.15 -- 43 590484 5270965 9/14/00 3,200 Burke do 17.2 Granite Gulch 101 585568 5269410 8/23/01 3,630 do Beaver Creek 17.3 -- 104A 584614 5269167 8/23/01 3,360 Osburn do 15.2 -- 108A 583623 5268185 8/23/01 3,060 do do 14.7 Carbon Creek 112 594676 5274713 9/25/01 3,820 Thompson Pass Prichard Creek 16.8 Southern tributary 

to Bear Gulch

116 594253 5274693 9/25/01 3,700 do do 16.8 do 117 593936 5274683 9/25/01 3,580 do do 16.8 Northern tributary 

to Bear Gulch

120 590751 5272176 9/25/01 3,050 Burke do 17.3 -- 127 594990 5272864 9/28/01 4,040 Thompson Pass do 20.9 Paragon Gulch 128 594529 5272450 9/28/01 3,740 do do 20.9 do 129 593812 5271911 9/28/01 3,480 Burke do 20.9 do 130 594409 5279374 10/2/01 4,360 Black Peak Eagle Creek 13.4 Tributary Creek 136 593547 5280494 10/2/01 3,940 Murray do 13.4 Tributary Creek 137 592425 5281637 10/2/01 3,520 do do 13.4 Tributary Creek 140 592006 5282138 10/2/01 3,420 do do 13.4 Tributary Creek 142 591561 5281962 10/2/01 3,350 do do 12.9 -- 143 585608 5283697 10/2/01 3,040 do do 1.6 West Fork of 

Eagle Creek

*Distance above mouth of Bear Creek to mouth of tributary to Bear Creek.

Table 1. Data on locations of samples of streambed sediment collected from the Prichard Creek, Eagle Creek, and Beaver Creek drainages in the n

Mining District, northern Idaho.—Continued

[UTM, Universal Transverse Mercator projection, zone 11, NAD27 datum; for samples from tributaries, distance above mouth of drainage basin is measured from mouth of tribdrainage, and distance above tributary mouth is measured to mouth of tributary. Do, ditto]
36 Stream-Sediment Geochemistry in Mining-Impacted Streams: Northern Coeur d’Alene Mining District, Northern Idaho

Sample UTM

east

UTM

north

Sampling

time

Elevation

(ft)

1:24,000-scale

USGS

topographic

map

Drainage

basin

Distance

above

mouth of

drainage 

basin

(km)

Tributary

name

Distance

above

tributary

mouth

(km)

 00SB–B1A 581664 5267487 09:25 2,840 Osburn Beaver 

Creek

12.2 -- -- 

 00SB–B1B 581664 5267487 09:30 2,840 do do 12.2 -- -- 

 00SB–B1C 581664 5267487 09:35 2,840 do do 12.2 -- -- 

 00SB–B2 580353 5268997 09:50 2,700 do do 9.8 -- -- 

 00SB–B3 579923 5272015 10:00 2,560 do do 6.2 -- -- 

 00SB–B4 578462 5274072 10:15 2,460 do do 3.1 -- -- 

 00SB–B5 576671 5275795 10:25 2,370 Prichard do .3 -- -- 

 00SB–E1 583781 5280176 12:45 2,750 do Eagle 

Creek

6.7 West Fork of 

Eagle Creek

3.0

 00SB–E2 582882 5278062 12:55 2,620 do do 2.3 -- -- 

 00SB–E3A 581085 5277173 13:10 2,530 do do .1 -- -- 

 00SB–E3B 581085 5277173 13:15 2,530 do do .1 -- -- 

 00SB–P1 595288 5271349 11:00 3,860 Thompson Pass Prichard 

Creek

22.6 -- -- 

 00SB–P2 593484 5271789 11:10 3,380 Burke do 20.4 -- -- 

 00SB–P3 590741 5272186 11:20 3,050 do do 17.3 -- -- 

 00SB–BG1 590431 5272460 11:30 3,040 do do 16.8 Bear Gulch .1

 00SB–BU1 588258 5273793 11:40 2,890 do do 14.1 Butte Gulch .1

 00SB–P4 585782 5275129 12:00 2,750 Murray do 11.2 -- -- 

 00SB–P5 583002 5274978 12:10 2,620 Prichard do 8.3 -- -- 

 00SB–P6 577510 5278482 12:25 2,410 do do .4 -- -- 

Table 2. Data on locations of samples of suspended sediment collected on April 14, 2000, from the Prichard Creek, Eagle Creek, and 

Beaver Creek drainages in the northern Coeur d’Alene Mining District, northern Idaho.

[UTM, Universal Transverse Mercator projection, zone 11, NAD27 datum; for samples from tributaries, distance above mouth of drainage basin is measured 

from mouth of tributary to mouth of drainage, and distance above tributary mouth is measured to mouth of tributary; do, ditto]
Sample UTM east UTM north Sampling date Sample method Elevation (ft)

1:24,000-scale

USGS

topographic

map

Drainage

basin

Distance

above

mouth of

drainage

basin

(km)

Tributary

name

Dista

abo

tribut

mou

(km

18B 594316 5274802 8/16/00 Channel 3,590 Thompson Pass Prichard Creek 16.8 Bear Gulch 5.22B 593477 5271793 8/16/00 do 3,990 Burke do 20.4 -- -104B 584614 5269167 8/23/01 do 3,360 Osburn Beaver Creek 16.3 -- -104C 584614 5269167 11/8/01 Composite 3,360 do do 16.3 -- -105A 584265 5268826 8/23/01 Channel 3,240 do do 15.8 -- -105B 584265 5268826 11/8/01 Composite 3,240 do do 15.8 -- -108B 583633 5268192 8/23/01 Channel 3,070 do do 14.7 Carbon Creek .108C 583633 5268192 8/23/01 do 3,070 do do 14.7 do .108D 583633 5268192 8/23/01 Composite 3,070 do do 14.7 do .118 593619 5274573 9/25/01 do 3,500 Burke Prichard Creek 16.8 Bear Gulch 4.119 592460 5274411 9/25/01 Channel 3,360 do do 16.8 do 3.121 591428 5271801 9/28/01 do 3,150 do do 18.1 -- -122 591670 5271748 9/28/01 do 3,170 do do 18.4 -- -132 594212 5279802 10/2/01 do 4,210 Black Peak Eagle Creek 13.4 Tributary Creek 3.141A 592060 5282118 10/2/01 do 3,430 Murray do 13.4 do .141B 592060 5282118 10/2/01 do 3,430 do do 13.4 do .144 583870 5268395 10/9/01 do 3,120 Osburn Beaver Creek 15.1 -- -147A 583467 5268162 10/9/01 do 3,040 do do 14.5 -- -147B 583445 5268162 10/9/01 Composite 3,035 do do 14.3 -- -152 582679 5267758 10/9/01 do 2,950 do do 13.4 -- -154 585505 5269356 11/8/01 do 3,580 Burke do 17.3 -- -155 583941 5268518 11/8/01 do 3,140 Osburn do 15.2 -- -156A 591011 5273336 11/8/01 do 3,150 Burke Prichard Creek 16.8 Bear Gulch 1.157 590644 5272580 11/8/01 do 3,070 do do 16.8 do .

Table 3. Data on locations of samples of streambank soil collected from the Prichard Creek, Eagle Creek, and Beaver Creek drainages in the northeDistrict, northern Idaho.[UTM, Universal Transverse Mercator projection, zone 11, NAD27 datum; for samples from tributaries, distance above mouth of drainage basin is measured from mouth of tridistance above tributary mouth is measured to mouth of tributary. Do, ditto]
Sample UTM east UTM north Sampling date Sample method Elevation (ft) 1:24,000-scale USGS topographic map Drainage basin Distance above mouth of drainage basin (km) Tributary name Distance above tributary mouth (km) Sa

ty

20B 590389 5269882 9/14/00 Channel 3,380 Burke Prichard Creek 17.2 Granite Gulch 2.6 102 585242 5269281 8/23/01 do 3,520 do Beaver Creek 16.9 -- -- 103 584953 5269218 8/23/01 do 3,420 do do 16.6 -- -- 106 583703 5268152 8/23/01 do 3,090 Osburn do 14.7 Carbon Creek .1 109A 582943 5267924 8/24/01 do 2,990 do do 13.7 -- -- 109B 582943 5267924 8/24/01 do 2,990 do do 13.7 -- -- 110 583046 5267972 8/24/01 do 3,010 do do 13.8 -- -- 111A 583225 5268059 8/24/01 do 3,020 do do 14.1 -- -- 111B 583225 5268059 8/24/01 do 3,020 do do 14.1 -- -- 113 594531 5274865 9/25/01 do 3,630 Thompson Pass Prichard Creek 16.8 Bear Gulch 5.7 114 594498 5274854 9/25/01 Composite 3,620 do do 16.8 do 5.6 115 594409 5274829 9/25/01 Channel 3,610 do do 16.8 do 5.53 123 591976 5271718 9/28/01 do 3,210 Burke do 18.7 -- -- 124 592054 5271710 9/28/01 do 3,220 do do 18.8 -- -- 125 592198 5271658 9/28/01 do 3,230 do do 18.9 -- -- 126 592304 5271635 9/28/01 do 3,250 do do 19.0 -- -- 131 594417 5279531 10/2/01 do 4,350 Black Peak Eagle Creek 13.4 Tributary Creek 3.8 W 133 594124 5279859 10/2/01 do 4,180 do do 13.4 do 3.4 134 594147 5279880 10/2/01 do 4,190 do do 13.4 do 3.4 135 593925 5280012 10/2/01 do 4,130 do do 13.4 do 3.1 138 592324 5281678 10/2/01 do 3,540 Murray do 13.4 do 0.8 139 592019 5282239 10/2/01 Composite 3,400 do do 13.5 -- -- 145 583710 5268142 10/9/01 Channel 3,095 Osburn Beaver Creek 14.7 Carbon Creek .15 146 583710 5268133 10/9/01 do 3,100 do do 14.7 do .18 148 583374 5268130 10/9/01 do 3,025 do do 14.3 -- -- 149 583131 5268114 10/9/01 do 3,000 do do 14.0 -- -- 150 582985 5268074 10/9/01 do 2,980 do do 13.8 -- -- 151 582562 5267652 10/9/01 do 2,920 do do 13.2 -- -- 153 582952 5267726 10/9/01 do 2,980 do do 13.5 -- -- 

*Sample interval was 1.5 to 4.5 m above roadbed surface. Table 4. Data on locations of samples of artificial-fill material collected from the Prichard Creek, Eagle Creek, and Beaver Creek drainages in the no

District, northern Idaho. [UTM, Universal Transverse Mercator projection, zone 11, NAD27 datum; for samples from tributaries, distance above mouth of drainage basin is measured from mouth of tribu

distance above tributary mouth is measured to mouth of tributary. Sample types: F, impounded flotation tailings; J, impounded jig tailings; M, millsite fill material; R, railroad barock. Do., ditto]
Tables 1–12 39

Table 5. Grain-size distributions in samples of streambed sediment, streambank soil, and artificial-fill material collected from the 

Prichard Creek, Eagle Creek, and Beaver Creek drainages in the northern Coeur d’Alene Mining District, northern Idaho.

[All values in weight percent. Do, ditto]

Sample Sample

type

Fraction (mm)

>8 4–8 2–4 1–2 0.5–1.0 0.25–

0.5

 0.125–

0.25

 0.063–

0.125 <0.063

 01 Streambed 27 14 9.9 13 15 13 4.6 1.7 1.3

 02 do 30 17 16 12 13 8.8 2.4 .8 .5

 03 do 59 10 10 11 6.2 2.6 .8 .4 .4

 04 do 51 12 8.9 13 8.5 4.0 1.4 .7 .5

 05 do 59 12 10 10 4.7 1.5 .6 .6 1.0

 06A do 71 10 5.0 3.6 3.6 4.5 1.4 .4 .3

 06B do 0 0 .6 5.5 19 35 25 9.9 5.6

 07 do 63 14 6.7 4.6 4.9 3.9 1.6 .5 .5

 08 do 64 6.4 4.7 6.2 6.0 4.9 3.1 2.4 2.6

 09 do 53 17 9.7 8.0 6.6 4.0 1.2 .4 .4

 10 do 54 17 13 9.1 4.2 1.8 .6 .3 .3

 11 do 54 9.0 5.7 6.3 8.2 9.7 4.5 1.5 1.5

 12 do 26 13 6.7 6.3 6.6 24 12 3.2 2.5

 13 do 19 8.5 3.5 7.0 8.7 18 21 7.9 6.0

 14 do 44 21 15 12 5.5 1.9 .5 .2 .4

 15 do 13 11 9.7 15 13 15 14 5.6 4.3

 16 do 4.9 13 24 25 18 9.8 3.0 1.1 .9

 17 do 37 14 9.6 14 12 8.7 2.5 .9 1.0

 18 do 25 21 15 16 11 6.7 3.0 1.3 1.0

 18B Streambank 4.4 15 17 13 6.6 6.5 10 15 12 

 19 Streambed 26 18 20 17 11 5.8 1.6 .5 .6

 20 do 43 6.5 3.4 23 12 5.2 2.9 1.7 1.7

 20B Artificial fill 2.5 0 2.1 0 1.4 15 24 32 23 

 21 Streambed 7.2 14 19 21 17 12 4.7 2.4 2.1

 22 do 37 13 12 15 9.5 4.4 2.0 1.8 4.6

 22B Streambank 21 9.0 6.3 8.6 6.0 7.0 6.9 8.9 26 

 23 Streambed 25 25 20 12 7.3 4.7 2.7 1.6 1.7

 24 do 27 13 14 15 13 9.3 4.4 2.3 2.1

 25 do 31 12 8.8 9.2 7.4 11 13 4.4 3.0

 26 do 36 6.5 6.7 20 20 9.0 1.5 .6 .7

 27 do 16 1.8 1.8 6.9 20 32 12 5.3 3.9

 28A do 15 21 11 16 17 14 4.5 1.2 1.0

 28B do 7.0 1.5 1.5 4.4 14 31 25 8.7 6.4

 29 do 27 12 8.4 9.7 11 18 9.2 2.6 2.0

 30 do 17 17 15 17 15 9.9 5.4 1.8 1.9

 31 do 33 18 15 14 8.7 5.4 2.6 1.4 1.9

 32 do 24 22 19 16 9.1 5.4 2.3 1.2 1.5

 33 do 45 19 12 11 7.9 3.4 .8 .3 .4

 34 do 50 16 9.0 6.1 5.0 5.4 3.6 2.1 1.9

 35 do 13 24 26 22 9.5 3.2 .9 .5 .7

 36 do 37 26 14 9.4 6.0 4.4 2.1 1.0 .8

 37 do 28 18 17 15 12 7.6 1.6 .5 .4

 38 do 25 22 25 17 7.1 2.2 .9 .5 .5

 39 do 25 16 14 14 8.9 7.0 7.4 3.7 3.4

 40 do 39 19 15 14 7.1 3.4 1.2 .6 1.0

 41 do 31 11 10 18 23 5.0 .7 .3 .4

 42 do 26 13 14 14 9.2 7.6 7.4 4.0 4.3

 43 do 48 11 11 14 7.2 3.3 1.7 1.1 2.0

101 do 36 22 1.9 17 13 6.2 2.4 1.3 1.0

102 Artificial fill 7.5 15 32 21 13 5.1 2.1 1.4 3.0

103 do 23 13 15 14 13 10 4.7 2.5 4.7

104A Streambed 26 22 15 8.2 14 11 2.5 .6 .8

104B Streambank 16 6.8 7.8 15 23 19 8.1 2.3

104C do 54 13 7.7 6.4 7.8 5.1 2.4 1.4 2.6

105A do 30 8.4 8.6 6.1 10 12 12 9.9 3.7

105B do 34 18 13 7.7 7.0 5.7 5.1 3.6 5.8

106 Artificial fill 30 16 10 9.7 7.5 4.9 3.3 3.9 14 

108A Streambed 29 31 19 8.9 7.8 3.5 .9 .3 .3
40 Stream-Sediment Geochemistry in Mining-Impacted Streams: Northern Coeur d’Alene Mining District, Northern Idaho

Sample Sample

type

Fraction (mm)

>8 4–8 2–4 1–2 0.5–1.0 0.25–

0.5

 0.125–

0.25

 0.063–

0.125 <0.063

108B Streambank 40 21 12 10 9.8 4.1 1.5 .9 .6

108C do 0 .5 2.2 3.6 3.5 3.5 7.2 19 61 

108D do 21 26 18 6.3 9.8 9.3 4.8 2.1 2.7

109A Artificial fill 0 0 0 0 0 21 18 30 31 

109B do 0 0 0 0 .3 .5 12 42 46 

110 do 0 0 0 0 .3 3.9 14 41 41 

111A do 0 0 0 0 .4 15 13 12 60 

111B do 0 0 0 0 .8 6.8 9.5 23 60 

112 Streambed 53 23 12 6.2 3.5 1.3 .4 .2 .4

113 Artificial fill 0 .4 2.3 8.4 4.8 8.0 19 33 24 

114 do 35 25 14 8.2 6.0 3.9 2.5 1.9 4.2

115 do 0 5.8 11 15 21 22 18 6.2 .5

116 Streambed 49 20 13 6.7 4.8 3.1 1.6 .9 .9

117 do 51 21 12 6.0 3.7 2.5 1.4 .8 1.2

118 Streambank 26 11 12 12 11 6.8 5.0 4.5 12 

119 do 43 5.5 2.5 3.0 9.4 16 11 4.9 5.0

120 Streambed 30 23 20 15 7.8 2.6 .8 .5 .4

121 Streambank 0 0 .7 1.5 15 26 28 20 9.3

122 do 1.3 2.3 1.3 1.8 27 20 16 20 10 

123 Artificial fill 2.5 .3 1.4 22 7.7 45 21 .5 .4

124 do 51 21 10 6.8 4.8 3.8 1.2 .4 .7

125 do 58 10 5.4 6.3 5.9 5.7 6.2 2.2 .7

126 do .1 .3 3.8 1.4 5.7 23 35 19 12 

127 Streambed 40 22 16 10 6.4 3.2 1.3 .8 1.0

128 do 18 20 25 18 11 4.3 1.6 .9 1.4

129 do 45 4.5 5.2 4.3 7.2 12 15 5.4 1.3

130 do 20 28 22 13 7.2 3.5 2.3 2.1 1.5

131 Artificial fill 33 18 15 12 9.6 6.1 3.5 1.8 .8

132 Streambank 19 18 11 8.9 6.1 6.6 6.2 6.3 17 

133 Artificial fill 0 0 0 0 .2 4.8 50 32 13 

134 do 18 3.5 3.1 1.9 1.5 4.8 36 20 12 

135 do 0 0 0 0 .2 10 56 21 13 

136 Streambed 29 27 21 12 6.5 2.7 1.2 .7 .7

137 do 16 11 16 19 14 6.8 9.9 4.4 2.6

138 Artificial fill 15 6.9 8.8 16 1.3 11 30 7.6 2.8

139 do 5.4 1.9 1.4 1.2 .9 3.9 42 27 16 

140 Streambed 35 16 19 16 9.3 2.4 1.0 .3 .3

141A Streambank 24 11 6.9 5.1 6.1 7.3 14 13 12 

141B do .7 6.1 9.5 13 20 19 14 9.7 9.3

142 Streambed 55 17 13 6.7 4.1 1.7 1.0 .5 .8

143 do 36 16 17 10 11 6.0 2.2 1.0 1.2

144 Streambank 0 .4 1.7 3.7 48 11 17 13 5.8

145 Artificial fill 0 1.0 4.9 3.4 7.4 48 29 5.1 .7

146 do 40 19 14 11 8.2 3.7 1.9 1.4 .6

147A Streambank 1.5 5.5 4.4 2.7 8.7 22 24 14 17 

147B do 13 8.6 4.4 3.3 5.4 13 20 16 16 

148 Artificial fill 0 0 0 0 .4 15 62 18 4.3

149 do 0 0 .3 1.1 1.3 4.8 37 32 23 

150 do 0 0 .1 .1 3.2 14 69 10 3.5

151 do 0 0 0 0 .3 16 14 14 56 

152 Streambank 0 0 0 0 0 20 40 30 9.4

153 Artificial fill 19 15 13 11 9.6 8.1 6.4 5.5 12 

154 Streambank 36 24 19 12 6.3 1.8 .5 .2 .6

155 do 40 18 13 8.1 6.9 5.4 2.9 1.5 3.7

156A do 0 1.3 1.3 3.9 63 8.3 6.6 5.6 9.8

157 do 0 .8 2.4 3.8 33 11 14 15 20 

Table 5. Grain-size distributions in samples of streambed sediment, streambank soil, and artificial-fill material collected from the 

Prichard Creek, Eagle Creek, and Beaver Creek drainages in the northern Coeur d’Alene Mining District, northern Idaho.—Continued

[All values in weight percent. Do, ditto]
Tables 1–12 41

Table 6. Geochemical data for samples of unfractionated (bulk) suspended sediment collected on April 14, 2000, from the 

Prichard Creek, Eagle Creek, and Beaver Creek drainages in the northern Coeur d’Alene Mining District, northern Idaho.

[<, below listed analytical detection limit; dashes, insufficient material for analysis]

Sample

Suspendedsediment

concentration 

(mg/L)

Al

(wt

pct)

Ca

(wt

pct)

Fe

(wt

pct)

K

(wt

pct)

Mg

(wt

pct)

Na

(wt

pct)

P

(wt

pct)

Ti

(wt

pct)

Ag

(ppm)

As

(ppm)

Ba

(ppm)

00SB–B1A 554 7.7 0.39 4.7 2.7 0.70 0.70 0.07 0.33 2 19 580

00SB–B1B 478 7.8 .41 4.6 2.7 .72 .74 .07 .32 2 26 590

00SB–B1C 428 7.6 .42 4.4 2.6 .70 .71 .07 .31 3 19 580

00SB–B2 468 7.5 .34 4.2 2.8 .70 .72 .06 .29 <2 20 620

00SB–B3 451 7.7 .54 3.9 2.4 .71 .65 .09 .30 <2 22 700

00SB–B4 347 7.8 .50 3.9 2.5 .71 .66 .09 .27 <2 25 730

00SB–B5 382 7.6 .45 3.7 2.6 .68 .65 .08 .27 <2 23 720

00SB–E1 135 6.1 .54 2.6 2.2 .59 .76 .10 .26 <2 13 820

00SB–E2 119 7.3 .33 3.5 2.6 .69 .94 .06 .26 <2 18 630

00SB–E3A 248 7.6 .43 3.5 2.5 .76 .93 .07 .29 <2 15 740

00SB–E3B 437 7.9 .59 3.4 2.2 .70 1.0 .08 .33 <2 15 710

00SB–P1 30 6.5 .65 2.9 1.9 .61 .93 .10 .32 <7 <30 920

00SB–P2 20 6.3 1.00 3.0 1.8 .81 1.0 .10 .31 <5 <30 820

00SB–P3 13 6.5 .87 3.1 2.0 .80 1.0 .10 .29 <4 <20 760

00SB–BG1 33 7.0 .60 3.7 2.4 .76 .97 .09 .34 <3 <20 720

00SB–BU1 683 7.8 .35 4.9 2.7 .95 1.0 .06 .41 <2 18 690

00SB–P4 225 7.4 .36 4.5 2.8 .88 .99 .06 .35 <2 56 700

00SB–P5 276 7.7 .33 4.2 2.8 .80 .97 .06 .32 <2 48 710

00SB–P6 147 7.7 .32 3.6 2.7 .72 .84 .06 .28 <2 49 730

Sample Cd

(ppm)

Ce

(ppm)

Co

(ppm)

Cr

(ppm)

Cu

(ppm)

Ga

(ppm)

Hg

(ppm)

La

(ppm)

Li

(ppm)

Mn

(ppm)

Nb

(ppm)

Nd

(ppm)

Ni

(ppm)

00SB–B1A 11 110 26 60 100 20 0.21 53 36 1,500 13 48 35

00SB–B1B 10 110 27 59 92 20 .22 52 37 1,500 14 46 37

00SB–B1C 10 110 28 58 89 20 .25 51 36 1,500 12 45 37

00SB–B2 6 90 18 58 57 20 .17 44 38 1,000 14 40 30

00SB–B3 5 110 17 56 54 19 .26 52 51 1,300 12 49 34

00SB–B4 5 100 16 58 48 19 .16 50 53 1,200 12 48 32

00SB–B5 4 100 14 55 45 19 .14 50 50 1,000 13 47 29

00SB–E1 <2 97 9 45 48 15 .17 46 27 960 12 42 19

00SB–E2 3 95 15 57 110 19 .11 47 28 720 17 42 26

00SB–E3A <2 94 14 51 72 19 .07 44 36 750 14 41 24

00SB–E3B <2 91 9 42 63 20 .07 42 37 790 14 38 24

00SB–P1 <7 110 10 45 340 20 - - - 51 30 1,100 10 45 20

00SB–P2 <5 110 10 49 94 20 - - - 51 32 1,100 10 46 30

00SB–P3 7 110 10 45 98 20 - - - 53 30 1,100 10 47 27

00SB–BG1 4 110 21 49 94 20 - - - 53 33 930 10 47 36

00SB–BU1 <2 130 34 69 49 21 .03 58 36 1,600 14 54 60

00SB–P4 2 100 28 64 52 20 .14 46 34 1,300 14 44 45

00SB–P5 2 100 23 64 48 20 .16 48 35 1,100 14 45 40

00SB–P6 <2 97 14 62 60 19 .18 46 33 800 16 43 28

Sample Pb

(ppm)

Sc

(ppm)

Sr

(ppm)

Th

(ppm)

V

(ppm)

Y

(ppm)

Zn

(ppm)

00SB–B1A 1,600 14 82 13 77 20 2,200

00SB–B1B 1,600 14 88 13 78 20 2,300

00SB–B1C 1,600 14 88 13 76 21 2,200

00SB–B2 930 14 77 12 74 17 1,500

00SB–B3 550 15 86 13 73 28 1,100

00SB–B4 410 15 80 13 75 26 870

00SB–B5 350 14 77 13 74 24 760

00SB–E1 160 10 77 11 56 17 130

00SB–E2 1,000 13 69 13 72 13 630

00SB–E3A 420 13 86 12 74 18 360

00SB–E3B 340 13 110 11 71 19 320

00SB–P1 72 10 100 10 57 20 590

00SB–P2 300 10 110 10 57 20 970

00SB–P3 1,700 10 100 10 59 20 1,800

00SB–BG1 1,500 10 89 10 69 20 840

00SB–BU1 62 17 88 13 110 22 170

00SB–P4 340 15 90 12 97 18 480

00SB–P5 340 14 96 12 90 16 510

00SB–P6 420 14 74 12 77 16 400
Table 7. Geochemical data for the fine (<0.063-mm grain size) fraction of samples of streambed sediment, streambank soil, and artificial-fill material Creek, Eagle Creek, and Beaver Creek drainages in the northern Coeur d’Alene Mining District, northern Idaho. [<, below analytical detection limit; dashes, insufficient material for analysis] Sample Sample type Al (wt pct) Ca (wt pct) Fe (wt pct) K(wt pct) Mg (wt pct) Na (wt pct) P(wt pct) Ti (wt pct) Ag (ppm) As (ppm) Ba (ppm) Cd (ppm) Ce (ppm) 

 01 Streambed 6.0 0.47 2.7 1.9 0.52 0.73 0.06 0.32 <2 18 570 2 110  02 do 6.2 .49 2.8 1.9 .52 .74 .06 .33 <2 15 580 2 110  03 do 6.4 .55 2.9 2.0 .51 .76 .06 .25 <2 16 610 <2 97  04 do 6.7 .59 3.0 2.0 .57 .78 .07 .32 <2 26 600 4 100  05 do 6.6 .70 2.7 1.9 .52 .92 .06 .30 <2 46 550 <2 95  06A do 6.8 .56 4.1 2.1 .68 .82 .06 .46 <2 19 560 6 96  06B do 6.8 .67 3.9 2.0 .67 .87 .07 .42 <2 13 560 7 100  07 do 7.5 .48 4.6 2.3 .66 .82 .07 .42 2 27 570 9 110  08 do 7.2 .57 6.1 2.1 .65 .94 .09 .38 11 42 500 12 90  09 do 7.3 .63 5.1 2.2 .67 .87 .08 .44 2 52 490 25 95  10 do 6.9 .80 4.2 1.9 .65 .84 .08 .40 <2 17 480 5 120  11 do 6.9 .32 3.2 2.3 .59 .92 .06 .31 <2 46 650 <2 100  12 do 6.9 .48 3.6 2.1 .64 1.1 .06 .38 <2 61 610 2 110  13 do 6.9 .44 4.2 2.1 .72 1.1 .06 .42 <2 73 590 <2 110  14 do 6.8 .68 3.5 2.0 .57 .96 .09 .29 <2 84 550 18 94  15 do 6.8 .45 4.4 2.1 .76 1.1 .06 .51 <2 12 560 <2 110  16 do 6.8 .61 3.5 2.1 .58 1.2 .08 .36 <2 44 660 5 92  17 do 7.1 .58 3.5 2.0 .64 1.2 .09 .34 <2 <10 710 4 110  18 do 6.4 .83 2.8 1.8 .55 1.3 .09 .35 <2 13 770 3 100  18B Streambank 5.9 .05 6.9 2.1 .39 .65 .06 <0.005 46 78 320 190 95  19 Streambed 6.8 .79 3.6 2.0 .58 1.3 .10 .35 <2 110 620 <2 94  20 do 6.0 1.10 3.0 1.6 .51 1.2 .11 .32 <2 110 550 2 85  20B Artificial fill 7.7 .12 5.8 3.2 .50 .67 .04 .22 6 3,100 510 <2 66  21 Streambed 6.4 .60 3.0 1.9 .53 1.1 .08 .33 <2 12 730 7 87  22 do 8.0 .93 3.2 1.7 .54 1.6 .14 .39 <2 12 730 7 83  22B Streambank 8.6 1.00 3.2 1.6 .53 1.7 .13 .42 <2 11 690 7 83  23 Streambed 7.3 .75 4.2 2.0 .64 1.1 .10 .36 <2 20 660 7 110  24 do 6.4 .57 2.4 1.9 .54 1.1 .07 .34 <2 <10 840 <2 95  25 do 7.0 .49 3.2 2.0 .66 1.1 .06 .32 <2 14 640 <2 91  26 do 6.0 .68 2.4 1.8 .55 .96 .09 .28 <2 <10 770 <2 92  27 do 6.6 .34 3.3 2.0 .60 1.1 .06 .28 <2 10 550 2 95  28A do 7.1 .35 3.4 2.2 .59 1.0 .06 .29 <2 19 590 3 96  28B do 7.0 .29 3.6 2.2 .57 1.1 .05 .30 <2 19 580 2 100  29 do 6.8 .41 3.6 2.0 .60 1.1 .06 .32 <2 19 540 3 89  30 do 7.1 .30 3.8 2.2 .60 1.1 .05 .29 2 36 530 5 87  31 do 7.4 .55 5.2 2.3 .85 .96 .07 .29 4 53 610 18 100  32 do 7.2 .68 4.7 2.1 .66 .91 .08 .49 <2 33 500 11 110  33 do 7.0 .70 4.8 2.1 .65 .85 .08 .40 3 42 460 34 90 
Sample Sample type Al (wt pct Ca (wt pct) Fe (wt pct) K (wt pct) Mg (wt pct) Na (wt pct) P(wt pct) Ti (wt pct) Ag (ppm) As (ppm) Ba (ppm) Cd (ppm) Ce (ppm) 

 34 do 6.9 .61 5.7 2.1 .65 .93 .08 .45 7 43 470 16 89  35 do 7.3 .79 4.1 2.0 .63 1.2 .10 .35 <2 21 670 6 110  36 do 6.1 .90 2.6 1.7 .53 1.3 .10 .33 <2 <10 900 <2 85  37 do 6.5 .57 3.2 2.0 .58 1.2 .08 .32 <2 <10 670 4 95  38 do 6.1 .63 3.0 1.9 .52 1.0 .08 .31 <2 13 730 9 82  39 do 6.6 .42 4.2 2.0 .62 .10 .06 .25 3 40 480 8 73  40 do 6.9 .53 3.4 2.1 .56 .96 .07 .31 <2 18 610 <2 98  41 do 5.9 .60 2.3 2.0 .52 1.0 .08 .29 <2 11 770 <2 88  42 do 6.7 .38 3.5 2.2 .58 .87 .06 .35 <2 86 590 <2 100  43 do 7.2 .82 3.7 2.1 .59 1.2 .11 .37 <2 140 660 2 93 101 do 6.2 .81 4.5 1.9 .63 .97 .11 .37 <2 21 487 17 111 102 Artificial fill 5.0 .30 17.4 1.5 .47 .63 .09 .17 117 111 326 14 60 103 do 3.4 .10 23.6 1.3 .41 .24 .04 .02 111 116 232 70 29 104A Streambed 7.3 .60 5.6 2.0 .62 .92 .10 .35 10 40 464 15 110 104B Streambank 4.5 .13 20.9 1.5 .41 .40 .05 .12 74 144 338 11 49 104C do 7.6 .97 6.2 2.0 .65 1.5 .12 .35 13 28 451 3 103 105A do 3.7 .09 13.6 1.4 .54 .39 .04 .06 105 54 159 328 36 105B do 7.0 .81 8.5 1.8 .63 1.3 .10 .34 29 40 422 6 92 106 Artificial fill 6.7 .27 4.1 2.2 .44 .52 .05 .37 5 19 524 <2 78 108A Streambed 7.2 .76 3.8 2.0 .66 1.2 .09 .36 <2 25 599 18 133 108B Streambank 8.2 .54 4.5 1.7 .60 .84 .12 .39 <2 20 783 228 157 108C do 5.3 .11 4.9 2.2 .42 .39 .03 .22 14 25 336 10 38 108D do 5.9 .26 7.2 2.1 .56 .59 .06 .27 18 89 370 28 66 109A Artificial fill 6.6 .05 3.4 3.5 .44 .17 .03 .21 2 20 400 41 39 109B do 5.0 .04 5.9 2.2 .34 .21 .03 .33 3 41 271 <2 55 110 do 5.7 .11 4.5 2.7 .40 .51 .04 .37 3 20 331 <2 63 111A do 6.5 .06 3.7 3.4 .40 .16 .03 .25 2 18 384 13 57 111B do 6.7 .09 3.5 3.2 .39 .35 .03 .26 <2 14 366 <2 65 112 Streambed 6.9 .58 4.9 2.1 .61 .82 .08 .39 4 47 423 27 100 113 Artificial fill 0.8 .02 8.3 0.3 .7 .12 .06 <0.005 55 36 17 1,540 38 114 do 5.1 .48 3.4 1.7 .39 1.2 .06 .11 18 29 360 48 64 115 do 6.1 .54 3.0 1.9 .52 1.3 .09 .35 2 <10 662 12 108 116 Streambed 6.5 .95 4.0 1.6 .60 1.1 .13 .34 2 34 425 10 118 117 do 6.7 .85 4.2 1.8 .60 1.1 .10 .36 2 15 567 7 111 118 Streambank 7.2 .97 3.3 1.8 .61 1.4 .14 .38 <2 20 720 15 107 119 do 7.1 .75 3.4 2.0 .60 1.4 .09 .38 <2 12 584 4 111 120 Streambed 6.3 .51 2.9 2.0 .50 1.1 .08 .33 <2 14 675 9 99 121 Streambank 7.0 .46 3.3 2.1 .56 1.2 .07 .36 2 <10 672 7 110 122 do 7.0 .48 3.2 2.5 .63 1.4 .05 .40 <2 <10 812 4 100 

Table 7. Geochemical data for the fine (<0.063-mm grain size) fraction of samples of streambed sediment, streambank soil, and artificial-fill material Creek, Eagle Creek, and Beaver Creek drainages in the northern Coeur d’Alene Mining District, northern Idaho.—Continued[<, below analytical detection limit; dashes, insufficient material for analysis]
Sample Sample type Al (wt pct) Ca (wt pct) Fe (wt pct) K (wt pct) Mg (wt pct) Na (wt pct) P(wt pct) Ti (wt pct) Ag (ppm) As (ppm) Ba (ppm) Cd (ppm) Ce (ppm) 

123 Artificial fill 4.8 .06 5.0 2.6 .29 .20 .04 .14 43 22 390 2 76 124 do 4.3 .52 10.3 1.3 .51 .49 .07 .17 74 126 350 101 43 125 do 7.4 .93 3.2 1.7 .59 1.4 .08 .48 <2 <10 786 <2 74 126 do 4.0 .06 5.0 2.1 .23 .33 .03 .11 60 12 142 22 58 127 Streambed 6.1 .96 3.1 1.7 .59 1.3 .09 .37 <2 12 822 <2 107 128 do 6.5 .72 4.1 2.0 .60 1.1 .11 .32 2 30 643 6 129 129 do 6.0 .42 5.0 2.1 .50 1.0 .11 .25 4 32 528 5 119 130 do 6.6 .37 3.8 2.0 .66 .96 .07 .32 <2 17 633 <2 200 131 Artificial fill 8.0 .39 4.8 4.4 .10 .65 .04 .15 4 60 800 11 82 132 Streambank 7.3 .75 4.2 1.4 .60 1.2 .15 .50 <2 12 682 6 54 133 Artificial fill 5.0 .08 3.4 1.7 .30 1.1 .04 .13 6 98 376 <2 47 134 do 4.9 .36 3.0 1.6 .50 1.7 .04 .03 6 82 300 21 62 135 do 5.0 .28 3.2 1.8 .49 1.6 .04 .05 6 120 323 24 74 136 Streambed 5.8 .37 3.8 2.1 .59 1.1 .06 .24 2 29 480 15 79 137 do 6.0 .23 4.2 2.2 .54 1.1 .06 .30 3 34 486 6 100 138 Artificial fill 6.2 .12 2.4 2.2 .42 2.2 .04 .08 2 46 395 6 42 139 do 5.5 .37 3.1 2.0 .54 1.9 .06 .14 4 34 435 33 37 140 Streambed 5.8 .29 3.8 2.1 .57 1.1 .06 .22 <2 30 487 7 70 141A Streambank 5.3 .06 3.8 1.7 .25 1.8 .04 .09 7 78 518 4 61 141B do 5.5 .10 4.0 2.0 .46 1.0 .04 .21 10 82 580 <2 67 142 Streambed 5.8 .33 3.5 2.2 .58 .96 .07 .27 <2 25 552 7 104 143 do 5.4 .64 2.3 2.0 .56 1.0 .09 .30 <2 11 838 <2 96 144 Streambank 4.8 .20 13.4 1.7 .38 .56 .07 .20 81 57 339 <2 46 145 Artificial fill 4.4 .15 8.0 2.1 .31 .43 .04 .44 53 143 276 <2 104 146 do 6.5 .29 3.4 1.8 .41 .57 .04 .38 <2 <10 529 <2 76 147A Streambank 5.3 .14 9.8 2.0 .47 .39 .05 .25 22 63 320 <2 46 147B do 6.6 .53 6.6 2.1 .66 1.0 .09 .38 12 49 446 2 104 148 Artificial fill 3.9 .26 5.4 1.8 .37 .28 .04 .24 3 176 192 29 45 149 do 5.1 .07 5.8 2.3 .37 .21 .04 .36 4 30 252 <2 74 150 do 5.0 .06 5.9 2.4 .35 .22 .04 .26 2 49 267 <2 69 151 do 7.0 .06 3.5 3.7 .43 .19 .03 .21 <2 14 397 <2 59 152 Streambank 5.9 .38 7.4 1.8 .56 .87 .08 .33 12 44 392 <2 95 153 Artificial fill 6.0 .42 3.2 2.5 .98 .85 .05 .31 <2 <10 681 <2 96 154 Streambank 6.2 .61 5.7 2.4 .68 1.0 .11 .31 2 45 536 13 100 155 do 6.5 .83 7.3 2.0 .65 1.4 .10 .33 21 43 444 6 88 156A do 5.1 .34 16.5 1.5 .47 .80 .16 .21 <2 29 514 6 77 157 do 5.8 .45 2.4 1.9 .56 1.1 .09 .31 <2 11 583 <2 89 

Table 7. Geochemical data for the fine (<0.063-mm grain size) fraction of samples of streambed sediment, streambank soil, and artificial-fill material Creek, Eagle Creek, and Beaver Creek drainages in the northern Coeur d’Alene Mining District, northern Idaho.—Continued[<, below analytical detection limit; dashes, insufficient material for analysis]
Sample Sample type Ga (ppm) Hg (ppm) La (ppm) Li (ppm) Mn (ppm) Nb (ppm) Nd (ppm) Ni (ppm) Pb (ppm) Sc (ppm) Sr (ppm) Th (ppm) V (ppm) 

 01 Streambed 15 0.08 54 33 770 14 47 22 180 10 89 13 56  02 do 15 .10 54 35 760 14 48 24 180 11 92 13 56  03 do 15 .06 48 33 850 14 42 33 56 10 100 12 55  04 do 16 .19 50 39 840 15 44 27 350 11 94 12 58  05 do 16 .24 46 36 730 14 41 28 170 10 120 11 55  06A do 17 .13 46 34 1,300 17 40 33 870 12 100 12 67  06B do 17 .13 50 36 1,100 15 44 32 910 12 120 13 63  07 do 19 .15 52 35 1,400 16 46 38 1,400 13 100 14 70  08 do 19 .38 42 32 2,200 13 38 43 5,300 13 100 12 71  09 do 19 .33 44 38 1,700 16 38 50 2,700 13 150 12 73  10 do 18 .17 54 43 1,000 16 50 51 160 12 120 13 66  11 do 17 .17 50 25 710 15 44 24 440 12 76 13 62  12 do 17 .24 52 29 830 18 45 32 400 12 120 13 71  13 do 17 .25 51 27 1,100 16 44 39 400 14 110 13 82  14 do 17 .25 47 28 1,200 15 41 48 660 12 140 12 64  15 do 17 .02 54 26 1,100 15 46 44 54 14 100 12 90  16 do 17 .27 45 25 920 15 40 28 1,200 11 130 12 62  17 do 18 .09 48 30 920 17 44 35 1,400 12 120 13 65  18 do 16 .14 45 27 830 15 41 24 1,500 10 150 11 56  18B Streambank 49 19 45 18 310 10 45 25 48,000 12 29 18 49  19 Streambed 17 .32 44 28 1,200 17 40 30 340 11 200 12 68  20 do 15 .16 43 21 1,300 13 39 30 390 9 270 9 59  20B Artificial fill 23 .61 32 18 1,600 14 30 11 5,800 14 36 16 66  21 Streambed 15 .38 42 25 840 14 38 22 2,000 10 120 11 53  22 do 20 .21 33 34 580 18 29 24 640 10 180 10 61  22B Streambank 21 .24 38 36 530 20 34 24 640 11 200 9 62  23 Streambed 19 .27 49 36 1,100 16 45 41 1,000 12 140 13 67  24 do 15 .04 45 28 680 15 40 17 37 9 110 11 48  25 do 17 .08 44 27 660 14 39 23 430 11 96 12 61  26 do 15 .06 44 26 960 13 39 20 64 10 110 12 51  27 do 17 .10 46 24 560 15 41 26 900 11 80 13 60  28A do 18 .08 48 26 670 15 43 27 890 12 80 13 65  28B do 18 .12 51 24 830 15 45 26 1,300 12 77 13 64  29 do 17 .12 43 26 870 14 38 32 1,200 12 89 13 69  30 do 18 .29 42 24 800 17 37 30 4,200 12 82 14 63  31 do 19 6.1 47 32 1,000 15 44 42 9,600 14 120 17 78  32 do 18 2.1 47 39 1,100 14 42 42 1,600 12 120 14 73  33 do 18 3.4 41 38 1,900 14 37 47 2,900 13 170 12 73 

Table 7. Geochemical data for the fine (<0.063-mm grain size) fraction of samples of streambed sediment, streambank soil, and artificial-fill material Prichard Creek, Eagle Creek, and Beaver Creek drainages in the northern Coeur d’Alene Mining District, northern Idaho.—Continued[<, below analytical detection limit; dashes, insufficient material for analysis]
Sample Sample type Ga (ppm) Hg (ppm) La (ppm) Li (ppm) Mn (ppm) Nb (ppm) Nd (ppm) Ni (ppm) Pb (ppm) Sc (ppm) Sr (ppm) Th (ppm) V (ppm)  34 do 18 .29 42 34 1,800 12 37 39 4,000 13 130 13 74  35 do 18 .30 46 38 1,100 15 44 36 740 12 140 13 67  36 do 15 .17 36 26 900 12 34 19 240 9 150 10 54  37 do 16 .10 45 28 790 13 42 25 2,200 11 110 12 60  38 do 15 .52 39 27 940 13 37 22 2,200 10 120 12 54  39 do 17 .42 34 24 730 13 31 30 5,000 11 92 14 62  40 do 18 .09 47 30 890 15 43 38 95 12 100 13 65  41 do 14 .06 42 24 840 12 38 18 93 9 94 12 49  42 do 16 .27 47 28 810 15 43 27 360 12 93 14 69  43 do 18 .30 43 29 1,400 12 40 26 430 12 200 14 74 101 do 15 .22 53 29 1,530 12 48 48 1,050 12 136 11 67 102 Artificial fill 31 3.6 28 22 3,080 <4 33 28 49,400 13 68 19 60 103 do 18 3.1 18 15 17,100 <4 17 37 35,200 12 14 9 41 104A Streambed 16 .37 52 33 2,260 10 46 45 6,320 14 109 13 69 104B Streambank 17 2.6 26 18 7,040 <4 32 28 30,400 13 39 16 53 104C do 17 .58 48 30 1,520 12 45 37 4,730 13 161 12 70 105A do 18 1.7 20 14 5,590 <4 19 28 51,200 9 16 13 36 105B do 20 .84 43 28 1,490 11 40 32 7,240 14 143 14 71 106 Artificial fill 20 .24 36 31 696 16 30 25 3,300 11 85 10 85 108A Streambed 16 .74 65 30 1,310 17 57 41 3,040 13 135 12 70 108B Streambank 18 .23 57 46 5,320 8 51 69 485 15 123 14 68 108C do 14 .58 19 21 718 11 17 14 9,430 13 35 8 77 108D do 17 1.0 32 30 2,320 7 31 61 20,500 14 68 11 82 109A Artificial fill 24 .09 18 26 1,110 15 18 18 1,430 11 17 8 71 109B do 15 .07 28 15 1,520 10 23 8 2,380 10 16 9 52 110 do 17 .04 32 18 1,920 10 25 8 1,580 9 80 10 56 111A do 23 .10 28 21 1,440 10 24 11 1,630 10 17 9 66 111B do 20 .05 33 19 1,520 13 28 8 1,050 11 49 10 61 112 Streambed 16 .34 51 35 1,810 13 43 47 3,460 14 147 12 69 113 Artificial fill 27 14 17 4 174 <4 21 35 63,000 5 7 10 8 114 do 25 3.4 30 16 946 8 28 25 67,100 12 82 14 50 115 do 18 .41 46 28 916 13 42 23 5,950 9 120 11 64 116 Streambed 15 .70 52 29 1,630 11 46 42 10,500 11 150 11 67 117 do 15 .12 50 27 1,280 14 45 43 1,150 12 137 11 66 118 Streambank 17 .17 44 33 1,400 13 36 26 2,550 11 169 12 68 119 do 16 .24 51 29 958 17 45 28 2,420 12 140 12 66 120 Streambed 14 .50 47 25 948 14 42 21 2,920 10 108 12 54 121 Streambank 15 .68 50 26 696 16 44 23 2,740 12 124 13 66 

Table 7. Geochemical data for the fine (<0.063-mm grain size) fraction of samples of streambed sediment, streambank soil, and artificial-fill material Prichard Creek, Eagle Creek, and Beaver Creek drainages in the northern Coeur d’Alene Mining District, northern Idaho.—Continued[<, below analytical detection limit; dashes, insufficient material for analysis]
Sample Sample type Ga (ppm) Hg (ppm) La (ppm) Li (ppm) Mn (ppm) Nb (ppm) Nd (ppm) Ni (ppm) Pb (ppm) Sc (ppm) Sr (ppm) Th (ppm) V (ppm) 

122 do 19 .04 44 24 368 18 39 33 82 12 142 11 84 123 Artificial fill 21 13 36 14 280 10 34 13 55,700 9 23 15 47 124 do 15 28 22 18 12,200 <4 15 49 50,800 10 92 12 42 125 do 19 .14 31 34 883 16 26 27 354 11 196 8 79 126 do 20 16 27 12 162 8 27 10 66,500 8 28 14 38 127 Streambed 15 .12 46 34 936 13 42 30 935 11 161 10 64 128 do 17 .49 55 38 1,140 11 53 43 3,670 12 127 11 68 129 do 23 2.3 52 30 1,420 9 52 36 6,300 11 87 12 66 130 do 17 .04 62 35 2,440 10 60 56 57 11 108 10 75 131 Artificial fill 28 1.3 38 26 734 15 41 44 5,910 14 246 19 103 132 Streambank 21 .16 29 33 628 18 20 20 691 10 153 8 91 133 Artificial fill 14 .87 23 12 167 10 20 12 18,800 9 60 15 47 134 do 13 .57 31 10 367 9 29 23 8,400 9 59 11 41 135 do 14 .91 37 11 344 9 34 24 14,500 9 56 12 42 136 Streambed 15 .65 40 22 594 13 35 29 5,910 11 83 12 61 137 do 16 .42 48 24 805 14 43 30 5,000 11 74 12 63 138 Artificial fill 18 .27 21 10 376 13 20 15 3,070 10 54 11 52 139 do 18 1.6 18 17 517 12 17 18 5,730 11 90 12 54 140 Streambed 15 .30 36 23 697 13 32 53 3,820 10 77 11 59 141A Streambank 16 2.0 31 11 64 11 28 8 11,500 10 56 12 48 141B do 17 1.9 32 21 381 15 29 17 19,900 12 60 14 60 142 Streambed 16 .17 51 28 779 15 47 46 2,390 11 82 11 65 143 do 14 .05 46 27 1,260 11 41 31 90 9 102 11 53 144 Streambank 19 1.8 23 18 577 6 25 17 36,600 11 58 11 56 145 Artificial fill 15 1.6 54 14 3,880 <4 36 8 77,200 10 104 18 49 146 do 18 .06 34 29 434 14 28 28 200 10 92 10 78 147A Streambank 19 1.4 22 22 1,850 5 22 17 13,200 14 36 11 74 147B do 18 .70 47 34 946 13 44 32 6,230 14 113 12 80 148 Artificial fill 10 .22 23 19 1,050 6 22 66 3,930 14 23 7 79 149 do 15 .09 37 18 1,490 9 32 8 1,230 11 16 14 54 150 do 14 .07 35 16 2,120 8 29 10 3,360 12 16 18 58 151 do 24 .08 29 25 1,060 17 28 11 1,190 14 20 9 77 152 Streambank 16 .82 44 29 1,120 10 40 29 7,880 12 92 11 69 153 Artificial fill 16 .07 49 38 709 13 44 23 144 12 92 10 71 154 Streambank 18 .29 46 34 2,240 10 44 70 1,370 13 112 11 78 155 do 22 .82 42 31 3,440 5 40 32 9,130 13 143 10 76 156A do 11 .11 35 20 713 <4 43 27 671 13 85 7 62 157 do 15 .09 41 27 227 15 38 24 783 10 106 9 63 

Table 7. Geochemical data for the fine (<0.063-mm grain size) fraction of samples of streambed sediment, streambank soil, and artificial-fill material Prichard Creek, Eagle Creek, and Beaver Creek drainages in the northern Coeur d’Alene Mining District, northern Idaho.—Continued[<, below analytical detection limit; dashes, insufficient material for analysis]
Table 8. Geochemical data for the intermediate (0.063- to 0.25-mm grain size) fraction of samples of streambed sediment, streambank soil, and artificfrom the Prichard Creek, Eagle Creek, and Beaver Creek drainages in the northern Coeur d’Alene Mining District, northern Idaho. [<, below analytical detection limit; dashes, insufficient material for analysis] Sample Sample type Al (wt pct) Ca (wt pct) Fe (wt pct) K(wt pct) Mg (wt pct) Na (wt pct) P(wt pct) Ti (wt pct) Ag (ppm) As (ppm) Ba (ppm) Cd (ppm) 

(p

 01 Streambed 6.0 0.28 2.7 2.3 0.49 0.52 0.04 0.36 <2 18 580 <2 1 02 do 6.2 .27 2.9 2.4 .53 .52 .04 .33 <2 22 620 <2 1 03 do 5.6 .33 3.1 2.2 .49 .51 .04 .33 <2 30 580 <2 1 04 do 6.2 .33 3.0 2.4 .58 .56 .05 .44 <2 20 600 3 1 05 do 6.3 .56 2.9 2.0 .54 .64 .06 .34 <2 41 520 <2 1 06A do 7.1 .27 5.1 2.7 .67 .58 .05 .66 <2 32 590 4 1 06B do 7.0 .39 4.4 2.5 .67 .64 .06 .47 <2 13 570 6 1 07 do 7.3 .22 5.8 2.8 .68 .59 .06 .51 <2 37 570 7 1 08 do 7.3 .40 7.0 2.5 .71 .73 .08 .47 8 46 530 16 1 09 do 7.4 .37 6.3 2.6 .75 .65 .06 .68 <2 87 500 23 1 10 do 7.3 .50 5.8 2.3 .69 .61 .07 .56 <2 32 500 5 1 11 do 5.9 .15 4.4 2.4 .53 .65 .04 .62 <2 31 570 <2 1 12 do 7.0 .27 4.4 2.6 .67 .86 .05 .54 <2 62 620 <2 1 13 do 7.1 .30 5.1 2.5 .80 .96 .05 .59 <2 83 610 <2 1 14 do 6.8 .47 5.3 2.4 .62 .58 .08 .75 <2 210 650 17 1 15 do 7.4 .38 6.2 2.4 1.0 1.0 .05 .99 <2 14 600 <2 1 16 do 6.6 .31 5.0 2.6 .56 .97 .05 .57 <2 30 650 3 1 17 do 7.1 .29 4.1 2.6 .64 .83 .06 .45 <2 14 700 2 1 18 do 5.5 .42 3.2 2.0 .53 .76 .05 .39 <2 <10 680 2 1 18B Streambank 5.1 .03 5.5 1.8 .35 .46 .06 <.005 38 54 66 160  19 Streambed 7.4 .47 4.6 3.3 .43 1.5 .06 .44 <2 77 650 <2 1 20 do 5.9 .78 3.2 2.2 .48 1.2 .10 .38 <2 130 580 2  20B Artificial fill 7.2 .10 4.5 3.0 .45 .81 .03 .27 5 2,000 510 <2  21 Streambed 6.0 .32 3.2 2.4 .53 .81 .06 .41 <2 13 730 4 1 22 do 6.2 .57 3.8 1.9 .54 1.0 .10 .48 <2 21 690 6  22B Streambank 7.4 .87 3.1 1.6 .50 1.4 .11 .38 <2 13 650 8  23 Streambed 7.3 .51 4.8 2.5 .70 .87 .08 .62 <2 19 700 6 1 24 do 5.1 .31 2.3 2.1 .58 .70 .04 .35 <2 <10 810 <2  25 do 5.9 .21 3.3 2.5 .64 .85 .04 .36 <2 12 620 <2 1 26 do 5.0 .29 2.0 2.2 .51 .53 .05 .20 <2 <10 710 <2 1 27 do 6.8 .18 3.6 2.4 .59 .88 .05 .38 <2 15 560 <2 1 28A do 6.3 .15 4.6 2.5 .61 .90 .04 .71 <2 20 570 <2 1 28B do 6.3 .13 3.7 2.4 .55 .94 .04 .38 <2 16 520 <2 1 29 do 6.5 .20 4.3 2.3 .65 .97 .05 .54 <2 13 520 <2 1 30 do 6.3 .13 3.7 2.3 .54 1.1 .04 .35 <2 33 440 3 1 31 do 8.4 .24 5.8 3.1 .96 .9 .07 .28 5 68 600 13 1 32 do 7.5 .44 5.6 2.6 .73 .72 .07 .66 <2 40 530 8 1 33 do 7.4 .31 5.9 2.9 .70 .66 .06 .44 <2 40 550 25 1 34 do 7.0 .37 6.9 2.7 .74 .75 .07 .63 5 41 540 13  35 do 7.1 .55 5.0 2.4 .71 .87 .09 .62 <2 16 720 6 1
Table 8. Geochemical data for the intermediate (0.063- to 0.25-mm grain size) fraction of samples of streambed sediment, streambank soil, and artificfrom the Prichard Creek, Eagle Creek, and Beaver Creek drainages in the northern Coeur d’Alene Mining District, northern Idaho.—Continued[<, below analytical detection limit; dashes, insufficient material for analysis]

Sample Sample type Al (wt pct) Ca (wt pct) Fe (wt pct) K(wt pct) Mg (wt pct) Na (wt pct) P(wt pct) Ti (wt pct) Ag (ppm) As (ppm) Ba (ppm) Cd (ppm) 

(p

 36 do 5.3 .45 2.8 2.0 .50 .77 .06 .28 <2 <10 810 <2  37 do 6.0 .27 4.2 2.4 .61 .80 .05 .62 <2 <10 670 2 1 38 do 5.5 .38 3.3 2.1 .50 .78 .06 .41 <2 <10 700 6 1 39 do 6.4 .22 3.4 2.2 .58 1.1 .05 .25 2 32 420 5 1 40 do 7.0 .36 4.8 2.4 .59 .68 .06 .65 <2 42 670 <2 2 41 do 5.2 .27 1.9 2.1 .48 .48 .04 .24 <2 11 680 <2 1 42 do 6.3 .23 3.4 2.4 .57 .71 .05 .42 <2 86 610 <2 1 43 do 6.5 .58 7.7 2.5 .48 1.4 .07 .52 <2 140 620 2 1101 do 8.2 .57 5.3 2.6 .73 .76 .09 .52 <2 34 577 14 1102 Artificial fill 6.6 .19 19.7 1.8 .38 .46 .09 .28 104 111 242 51 103 do 3.4 .10 25.7 1.0 .45 .19 .03 .01 72 60 168 113 104A Streambed 8.3 .27 6.1 2.7 .66 .70 .06 .43 6 38 536 11 1104B Streambank 5.7 .07 19.5 1.7 .38 .28 .04 .15 38 55 305 14 104C do 7.9 .43 7.1 2.4 .64 .86 .09 .45 12 40 463 3 1105A do 5.3 .07 8.7 1.9 .40 .36 .03 .18 52 29 134 280 105B do 7.4 .33 9.3 2.2 .59 .71 .08 .43 22 54 440 8 106 Artificial fill 8.9 .32 4.4 2.5 .42 .52 .07 .57 5 24 454 <2 108A Streambed 8.2 .39 3.8 2.6 .63 .83 .07 .36 <2 14 664 12 1108B Streambank 9.0 .39 4.9 1.9 .62 .62 .11 .40 <2 22 492 208 1108C do 6.7 .09 3.3 2.6 .38 .33 .04 .29 11 22 319 15 108D do 7.0 .13 5.0 2.7 .47 .40 .06 .37 14 57 354 45 109A Artificial fill 8.8 .05 3.3 3.5 .46 .16 .02 .21 2 14 408 41 109B do 6.0 .03 3.8 2.4 .32 .21 .02 .28 2 22 280 <2 110 do 7.4 .10 3.8 2.9 .38 .53 .02 .43 <2 24 370 <2 111A do 9.3 .04 3.4 3.9 .45 .16 .02 .20 3 12 433 20 111B do 8.0 .07 3.5 3.3 .39 .27 .03 .29 <2 14 371 <2 112 Streambed 8.2 .31 5.5 2.7 .69 .60 .06 .46 <2 82 484 21 1113 Artificial fill 2.1 .03 5.7 .7 .12 .21 .05 <.005 28 17 46 1,700 114 do 5.6 .21 2.8 2.1 .27 .90 .05 .09 18 23 161 180 115 do 7.3 .39 2.5 2.3 .46 .96 .08 .37 <2 <10 598 10 1116 Streambed 7.5 .60 4.6 2.0 .62 .81 .10 .38 3 58 449 9 1117 do 6.9 .69 4.1 2.0 .56 .71 .09 .37 3 17 578 10 1118 Streambank 7.3 .76 3.4 1.8 .57 .94 .14 .39 <2 13 743 18 1119 do 7.3 .26 3.4 2.4 .56 .83 .05 .39 <2 12 632 2 1120 Streambed 6.6 .32 3.2 2.3 .48 .78 .06 .42 <2 <10 679 7 1121 Streambank 6.9 .34 3.1 2.1 .49 .84 .06 .34 2 <10 676 6 1122 do 7.8 .49 3.2 2.1 .56 1.2 .06 .39 <2 <10 754 5 1123 Artificial fill 6.3 .05 3.9 3.2 .28 .20 .05 .20 36 19 605 3 124 do 3.5 .32 21.4 .9 .60 .10 .04 .10 35 88 216 59 125 do 8.6 1.00 3.0 1.9 .60 1.6 .10 .56 <2 <10 721 <2 
Table 8. Geochemical data for the intermediate (0.063- to 0.25-mm grain size) fraction of samples of streambed sediment, streambank soil, and artificfrom the Prichard Creek, Eagle Creek, and Beaver Creek drainages in the northern Coeur d’Alene Mining District, northern Idaho.—Continued [<, below analytical detection limit; dashes, insufficient material for analysis] Sample Sample type Al (wt pct) Ca (wt pct) Fe (wt pct) K(wt pct) Mg (wt pct) Na (wt pct) P(wt pct) Ti (wt pct) Ag (ppm) As (ppm) Ba (ppm) Cd (ppm) 

(p

126 do 5.5 .04 4.0 2.9 .22 .24 .04 .14 47 11 279 53 127 Streambed 7.2 .77 3.4 1.9 .61 .84 .08 .38 <2 <10 826 <2 1128 do 8.1 .54 4.2 2.3 .63 .76 .09 .42 <2 19 667 4 1129 do 6.9 .36 4.3 2.1 .46 .77 .09 .26 4 26 510 4 1130 do 8.5 .34 5.0 2.3 .65 .71 .07 .51 <2 29 654 <2 2131 Artificial fill 12.0 .41 4.3 4.4 1.1 .65 .03 .16 2 42 857 7 1132 Streambank 9.1 .84 4.2 1.8 .64 1.3 .21 .66 <2 16 668 10 133 Artificial fill 5.4 .03 2.2 1.7 .23 1.1 .02 .11 4 63 353 <2 134 do 5.6 .36 1.9 1.7 .44 1.5 .03 .05 4 43 275 14 135 do 5.9 .34 2.2 1.8 .47 1.4 .03 .06 6 72 297 20 136 Streambed 6.9 .24 3.4 2.2 .55 1.1 .05 .23 2 28 418 9 137 do 6.8 .10 3.2 2.2 .48 1.1 .04 .31 <2 24 390 2 1138 Artificial fill 6.8 .13 2.1 2.0 .38 1.8 .04 .10 2 39 368 5 139 do 6.7 .15 2.0 2.0 .45 1.6 .03 .12 2 22 338 13 140 Streambed 6.8 .12 3.5 2.2 .49 1.0 .04 .30 <2 26 426 3 1141A Streambank 6.0 .04 2.9 1.8 .25 1.4 .03 .14 5 73 506 6 141B do 6.6 .06 3.2 2.1 .38 .98 .03 .26 6 60 433 <2 142 Streambed 7.2 .22 4.1 2.3 .53 .80 .05 .43 <2 27 514 4 1143 do 5.5 .32 1.8 2.0 .46 .47 .04 .22 <2 <10 668 <2 144 Streambank 6.6 .12 13.4 2.1 .34 .44 .06 .26 71 41 298 4 145 Artificial fill 6.8 .12 6.2 2.7 .33 .47 .03 .44 30 117 355 <2 146 do 9.0 .32 4.0 2.2 .42 .53 .05 .58 <2 10 474 <2 1147A Streambank 6.7 .08 5.9 2.5 .38 .32 .04 .32 24 28 294 <2 147B do 7.5 .29 6.4 2.3 .65 .62 .07 .40 12 40 421 2 1148 Artificial fill 4.9 .25 3.1 2.0 .38 .25 .03 .24 2 87 220 20 149 do 6.4 .05 3.9 2.6 .36 .18 .02 .32 <2 19 286 <2 150 do 5.8 .05 4.4 2.4 .32 .22 .03 .30 2 37 270 <2 151 do 9.0 .07 3.5 3.8 .45 .19 .03 .21 3 19 433 <2 152 Streambank 6.9 .29 6.5 2.0 .54 .64 .07 .37 23 35 370 <2 153 Artificial fill 7.8 .43 3.6 2.6 1.0 .60 .06 .39 <2 <10 688 <2 1154 Streambank 8.4 .41 5.8 2.9 .71 .77 .08 .53 <2 48 582 10 1155 do 7.2 .25 9.8 2.3 .58 .66 .06 .48 17 51 422 5 156A do 5.0 .30 18.4 1.3 .40 .61 .19 .20 <2 43 503 6 157 do 7.1 .40 2.5 2.1 .57 .84 .07 .38 <2 <10 599 <2 1
Sample Sample type Cu (ppm) Ga (ppm) Hg (ppm) La (ppm) Li (ppm) Mn (ppm) Nb (ppm) Nd (ppm) Ni (ppm) Pb (ppm) Sc (ppm) Sr (ppm) Th (ppm) 

 01 Streambed 19 15 0.03 55 32 580 13 48 18 110 10 68 12  02 do 23 16 .05 73 36 650 13 70 20 150 11 65 12  03 do 28 15 .03 65 29 610 12 56 23 44 10 76 14  04 do 40 16 .06 67 37 710 15 58 22 260 11 76 12  05 do 31 15 .24 50 36 680 14 44 26 170 11 98 12  06A do 84 18 .05 78 32 1,600 17 65 27 760 13 72 14  06B do 65 18 .08 52 35 1,400 14 45 30 940 13 91 12  07 do 130 20 .07 53 33 2,000 15 46 32 1,400 14 68 13  08 do 360 20 .32 49 32 3,200 9 43 43 5,500 14 91 13  09 do 71 20 .19 50 41 1,700 18 41 44 2,000 15 96 14  10 do 49 19 .13 58 48 1,100 15 49 48 150 14 82 13  11 do 32 16 .05 75 21 700 16 65 20 300 11 55 14  12 do 37 18 .15 66 28 900 16 55 28 350 13 95 15  13 do 45 18 .24 67 30 1,200 16 56 36 320 15 94 14  14 do 52 18 .22 53 28 1,800 16 43 51 600 13 140 16  15 do 45 20 .02 70 31 1,400 19 56 45 51 18 95 15  16 do 40 18 .09 54 25 990 15 45 24 760 12 120 13  17 do 53 18 .04 63 30 800 16 54 28 940 13 72 13  18 do 35 14 .07 60 24 670 13 53 21 810 10 79 12  18B Streambank 3,900 36 11 30 16 310 7 29 18 94,000 10 28 19  19 Streambed 48 20 .16 63 21 810 18 56 20 340 10 250 13  20 do 55 18 .10 43 22 1,300 14 39 22 280 9 250 12  20B Artificial fill 160 23 .46 39 19 1,300 18 34 8 3,000 12 36 16  21 Streambed 55 18 .27 50 27 910 16 43 21 1,400 10 79 15  22 do 84 18 .18 45 29 730 20 40 22 500 9 110 12  22B Streambank 89 20 .24 44 31 580 19 39 22 620 9 170 12  23 Streambed 74 22 .20 64 40 1,000 20 57 39 670 13 98 18  24 do 26 15 .03 38 29 520 15 35 15 18 8 62 12  25 do 61 19 .03 55 25 600 19 52 22 310 10 53 14  26 do 40 14 .03 48 24 560 13 45 15 32 8 47 11  27 do 96 19 .05 72 24 580 21 62 23 570 12 51 19  28A do 110 20 .03 81 24 740 23 72 24 520 12 47 18  28B do 120 19 .05 66 22 640 19 60 21 610 11 46 17  29 do 130 20 .05 73 26 760 19 65 26 600 12 53 18  30 do 370 18 .10 52 20 640 16 47 21 1,900 11 47 17  31 do 330 24 .61 56 32 980 21 53 39 12,000 15 76 25  32 do 49 22 .11 50 46 1,300 24 43 44 970 13 90 17  33 do 56 24 .21 49 45 1,800 19 45 42 1,700 14 95 16  34 do 190 23 .21 46 37 2,500 16 42 41 3,100 14 100 16  35 do 96 22 .22 59 40 1,200 19 54 39 650 13 100 18  36 do 26 14 .04 45 24 700 13 41 19 47 9 76 12 

Table 8. Geochemical data for the intermediate (0.063- to 0.25-mm grain size) fraction of samples of streambed sediment, streambank soil, and artificfrom the Prichard Creek, Eagle Creek, and Beaver Creek drainages in the northern Coeur d’Alene Mining District, northern Idaho.—Continued[<, below analytical detection limit; dashes, insufficient material for analysis]
Sample Sample type Cu (ppm) Ga (ppm) Hg (ppm) La (ppm) Li (ppm) Mn (ppm) Nb (ppm) Nd (ppm) Ni (ppm) Pb (ppm) Sc (ppm) Sr (ppm) Th (ppm) 

 37 do 84 18 .04 56 28 720 19 50 25 940 11 61 15  38 do 70 16 .29 50 25 800 18 46 21 1,100 9 80 14  39 do 280 18 .31 53 20 670 18 48 21 3,000 11 58 17  40 do 34 20 .04 110 31 1,000 22 97 38 61 12 68 21  41 do 22 14 .03 52 21 470 16 45 14 46 8 42 13  42 do 30 18 .23 54 26 880 19 50 26 310 11 80 15  43 do 31 22 .17 56 23 1,300 16 49 22 240 10 230 16 101 do 64 18 .14 64 31 1,580 16 54 48 912 14 127 14 102 Artificial fill 1,430 30 2.9 35 22 3,950 <4 38 25 35,100 12 47 18 103 do 2,090 14 1.5 13 13 12,900 <4 16 32 19,600 10 7 6 104A Streambed 238 19 .18 55 31 2,510 14 45 35 4,430 15 85 15 104B Streambank 1,160 14 .91 28 19 4,550 <4 34 23 11,400 12 21 9 104C do 237 19 .39 57 29 2,040 12 50 32 4,540 14 96 14 105A do 1,480 18 1.1 25 18 3,020 <4 25 18 29,700 9 16 12 105B do 367 19 .51 48 26 2,740 10 42 31 6,960 14 82 13 106 Artificial fill 63 22 .25 45 37 933 16 42 26 2,340 11 86 12 108A Streambed 92 18 .29 87 31 1,050 17 77 31 2,550 15 72 16 108B Streambank 88 19 .18 57 49 4,520 8 52 64 452 16 81 14 108C do 108 15 .36 22 26 1,170 10 21 14 9,430 13 33 10 108D do 154 17 .70 26 31 2,270 6 25 29 11,700 15 39 11 109A Artificial fill 185 22 .11 32 28 997 17 26 17 1,520 15 19 12 109B do 37 15 .04 39 17 783 14 32 7 1,490 12 16 9 110 do 42 18 .05 47 19 1,520 15 35 7 1,250 12 84 8 111A do 440 23 .16 40 27 888 21 35 12 1,560 16 21 13 111B do 92 20 .05 45 20 1,420 16 36 8 1,330 13 38 12 112 Streambed 78 18 .21 62 41 1,680 15 52 41 2,450 17 90 15 113 Artificial fill 4,880 27 8.4 19 8 168 <4 22 20 52,300 6 6 12 114 do 1,520 23 3.7 28 14 864 7 29 17 57,400 10 36 15 115 do 104 16 .30 54 29 783 11 52 17 4,230 9 88 11 116 Streambed 332 17 .72 67 32 1,870 12 59 40 10,400 13 92 14 117 do 85 15 .11 54 25 1,260 14 49 34 1,210 12 99 13 118 Streambank 87 16 .21 46 30 1,920 11 38 26 3,490 11 126 12 119 do 84 16 .11 64 28 828 16 55 22 1,480 13 64 13 120 Streambed 81 15 .80 52 24 959 14 45 19 2,340 11 79 12 121 Streambank 59 15 .69 53 25 806 13 46 22 2,520 11 95 12 122 do 47 17 .05 51 22 389 18 44 33 101 13 136 13 123 Artificial fill 85 21 10 41 17 234 11 40 11 41,900 9 22 16 124 do 158 10 18 14 14 16,000 <4 10 15 20,200 10 43 7 125 do 55 20 .11 31 41 956 15 27 25 346 10 214 8 126 do 328 21 11 22 15 182 10 23 10 52,200 8 19 12 

Table 8. Geochemical data for the intermediate (0.063- to 0.25-mm grain size) fraction of samples of streambed sediment, streambank soil, and artificfrom the Prichard Creek, Eagle Creek, and Beaver Creek drainages in the northern Coeur d’Alene Mining District, northern Idaho.—Continued [<, below analytical detection limit; dashes, insufficient material for analysis]
Sample Sample type Cu (ppm) Ga (ppm) Hg (ppm) La (ppm) Li (ppm) Mn (ppm) Nb (ppm) Nd (ppm) Ni (ppm) Pb (ppm) Sc (ppm) Sr (ppm) Th (ppm) 127 Streambed 42 15 .10 54 33 846 12 49 23 869 12 127 12 128 do 117 18 .37 70 39 1,050 16 64 34 2,850 14 93 15 129 do 194 21 2.1 53 27 1,350 11 47 28 5,450 12 69 12 130 do 54 18 .03 110 37 2,810 13 98 59 60 15 86 16 131 Artificial fill 111 26 .82 56 24 538 20 52 32 3,520 20 228 25 132 Streambank 620 24 .14 44 43 1,010 14 35 22 725 10 169 10 133 Artificial fill 114 14 .55 37 10 61 11 32 6 7,200 8 39 10 134 do 649 13 .37 34 10 286 10 29 12 7,320 9 52 11 135 do 538 14 .74 42 11 298 10 37 15 9,060 10 51 12 136 Streambed 314 16 .31 47 18 524 13 40 20 4,980 12 56 16 137 do 256 16 .15 69 18 536 15 59 17 2,020 12 42 16 138 Artificial fill 384 16 .18 37 9 331 12 32 13 2,770 11 51 12 139 do 154 17 .49 38 12 282 13 32 11 3,400 11 48 13 140 Streambed 410 16 .13 58 18 667 14 50 20 2,140 12 42 15 141A Streambank 138 16 1.2 31 11 94 12 27 6 5,520 10 40 11 141B do 208 17 .95 49 17 484 14 42 15 7,870 12 40 15 142 Streambed 179 17 .10 71 24 754 16 61 26 1,520 13 54 16 143 do 26 12 .02 48 21 567 13 43 13 43 9 50 11 144 Streambank 711 17 1.4 27 21 674 8 29 14 33,500 11 45 12 145 Artificial fill 193 18 .89 38 17 2,980 10 26 6 28,200 12 93 12 146 do 53 20 .05 44 40 575 18 40 31 143 11 94 12 147A Streambank 288 16 .64 24 24 1,680 7 23 12 9,010 12 28 9 147B do 201 18 .53 57 31 1,500 13 50 28 5,000 16 78 15 148 Artificial fill 84 11 .19 24 19 1,460 7 21 37 3,710 14 22 8 149 do 22 16 .03 41 20 1,060 11 34 7 687 12 15 10 150 do 48 15 .05 36 16 1,500 11 29 8 2,010 12 17 12 151 do 179 23 .11 38 24 1,930 15 31 12 1,720 16 23 12 152 Streambank 278 17 .64 48 30 2,050 11 42 26 8,250 14 74 13 153 Artificial fill 37 16 .06 60 40 784 17 52 25 156 15 84 14 154 Streambank 82 20 .13 58 33 2,020 16 50 48 1,030 16 98 16 155 do 467 22 .45 46 27 4,290 5 38 28 7,710 14 73 13 156A do 73 12 .11 40 18 766 <4 50 29 672 12 75 8 157 do 54 15 .12 55 28 251 18 49 25 813 12 91 12 

Table 8. Geochemical data for the intermediate (0.063- to 0.25-mm grain size) fraction of samples of streambed sediment, streambank soil, and artificfrom the Prichard Creek, Eagle Creek, and Beaver Creek drainages in the northern Coeur d’Alene Mining District, northern Idaho.—Continued[<, below analytical detection limit; dashes, insufficient material for analysis]
Sample Sample type Al (wt pct) Ca (wt pct) Fe (wt pct) K(wt pct) Mg (wt pct) Na (wt pct) P(wt pct) Ti (wt pct) Ag (ppm) As (ppm) Ba (ppm) Cd (ppm) 

 01 Streambed 6.6 0.12 2.9 2.7 0.45 0.54 0.03 0.21 <2 25 680 <2  02 do 5.9 .20 3.1 2.8 .48 .55 .04 .21 <2 16 720 <2  03 do 6.5 .17 3.6 2.8 .48 .62 .04 .16 <2 33 700 <2  04 do 7.4 .12 3.1 3.0 .52 .57 .03 .21 <2 20 690 <2  05 do 7.4 .19 3.0 2.7 .49 .59 .04 .21 <2 27 620 <2  06A do 7.8 .13 3.8 3.1 .61 .62 .04 .25 <2 21 660 2  06B do 7.5 .25 3.7 2.9 .64 .63 .05 .26 <2 15 640 4  07 do 7.9 .08 4.3 3.0 .63 .61 .04 .24 <2 20 600 3  08 do 7.8 .15 5.4 2.9 .66 .68 .05 .25 4 27 560 7  09 do 8.4 .12 4.5 3.2 .68 .62 .04 .29 <2 27 590 9  10 do 8.7 .15 5.0 3.1 .63 .61 .05 .33 <2 26 620 2  11 do 7.2 .09 4.0 3.0 .58 .71 .04 .24 <2 33 700 <2  12 do 7.9 .15 3.8 3.2 .65 .86 .04 .25 <2 54 720 2  13 do 8.2 .16 4.3 3.2 .70 .91 .04 .28 <2 78 740 <2  14 do 8.5 .16 5.6 3.3 .67 .50 .07 .26 <2 120 780 12  15 do 8.5 .19 5.0 3.2 .94 .77 .04 .39 <2 14 720 <2  16 do 7.8 .12 3.8 3.2 .61 .96 .03 .26 <2 19 750 <2  17 do 8.3 .11 4.2 3.2 .68 .86 .04 .26 <2 19 760 2  18 do 7.2 .14 2.9 2.9 .53 .89 .04 .27 <2 <10 820 2  18B Streambank 6.6 .04 6.9 2.4 .42 .54 .07 <.005 49 74 250 89  19 Streambed 8.3 .29 3.3 3.7 .46 1.5 .04 .24 <2 42 830 <2  20 do 6.7 .67 2.9 2.6 .42 1.2 .08 .24 <2 110 680 2  20B Artificial fill 8.1 .10 5.3 3.5 .48 .64 .04 .24 7 2,800 530 <2  21 Streambed 7.2 .13 3.2 3.0 .51 .86 .04 .26 <2 15 760 3  22 do 7.9 .34 4.1 2.9 .62 .91 .07 .29 <2 19 780 7  22B Streambank 7.3 .60 3.3 2.1 .50 1.1 .11 .32 <2 17 690 16  23 Streambed 8.4 .22 4.2 3.1 .66 .78 .06 .28 <2 19 740 5  24 do 6.3 .12 2.1 2.7 .50 .77 .03 .25 <2 <10 880 <2  25 do 7.4 .13 4.8 3.0 .64 .62 .04 .25 <2 26 740 <2  26 do 6.1 .08 2.2 2.8 .51 .55 .03 .18 <2 <10 700 <2  27 do 8.2 .09 4.4 3.3 .66 .72 .04 .26 <2 30 680 <2  28A do 8.6 .07 4.6 3.4 .67 .72 .04 .24 <2 18 710 <2  28B do 8.1 .08 4.2 3.2 .64 .72 .04 .23 <2 22 680 <2  29 do 8.4 .10 5.2 3.2 .71 .70 .04 .26 <2 27 690 <2  30 do 8.2 .05 4.6 3.2 .63 .70 .04 .21 <2 28 640 2  31 do 8.6 .17 4.4 3.2 .81 .99 .04 .16 3 43 570 9  32 do 8.8 .12 4.8 3.4 .62 .59 .04 .32 <2 25 630 5  33 do 8.6 .10 4.5 3.4 .65 .57 .04 .32 <2 30 590 12 

Table 9. Geochemical data for the coarse (0.25- to 1.0-mm grain size) fraction of samples of streambed sediment, streambank sartificial-fill material collected from the Prichard Creek, Eagle Creek, and Beaver Creek drainages in the northern Coeur d’Alene District, northern Idaho. [<, below analytical detection limit; dashes, insufficient material for analysis]
Sample Sample type Al (wt pct) Ca (wt pct) Fe (wt pct) K(wt pct) Mg (wt pct) Na (wt pct) P(wt pct) Ti (wt pct) Ag (ppm) As (ppm) Ba (ppm) Cd (ppm

 34 do 8.3 .12 5.1 3.2 .67 .64 .04 .31 3 27 580 9  35 do 8.9 .15 4.3 3.3 .69 .78 .05 .28 <2 16 780 4  36 do 6.8 .27 2.7 2.6 .50 .95 .05 .27 <2 <10 900 <2  37 do 8.3 .07 4.0 3.3 .65 .86 .04 .29 <2 14 770 <2  38 do 7.6 .10 3.5 3.1 .56 .87 .04 .24 <2 14 770 5  39 do 8.2 .14 4.4 3.0 .62 .79 .05 .19 <2 34 600 6  40 do 8.8 .08 5.5 3.4 .62 .57 .04 .23 <2 25 800 <2  41 do 6.1 .05 1.9 2.8 .48 .53 .02 .15 <2 <10 720 <2  42 do 7.7 .16 3.9 3.1 .62 .79 .04 .24 <2 47 710 <2  43 do 7.9 .33 3.1 3.5 .43 1.5 .04 .22 <2 47 790 <2 101 do 9.3 .18 4.9 3.1 .67 .78 .06 .32 <2 30 597 8 102 Artificial fill 6.3 .05 12.6 2.3 .35 .44 .04 .15 51 49 293 41 103 do 4.0 .09 20.1 1.4 .49 .27 .03 .05 35 33 221 87 104A Streambed 8.9 .10 5.2 2.9 .61 .75 .05 .26 5 28 529 9 104B Streambank 6.1 .05 9.1 2.2 .40 .36 .03 .15 16 30 355 13 104C do 8.6 .10 5.8 2.9 .59 .72 .06 .25 9 16 492 3 105A do 6.0 .06 8.7 2.4 .44 .47 .03 .14 32 33 252 137 105B do 7.6 .09 8.7 2.3 .45 .52 .05 .20 24 32 376 13 106 Artificial fill 8.3 .22 5.4 2.5 .48 .46 .07 .43 2 22 546 <2 108A Streambed 9.2 .12 3.7 3.4 .59 1.0 .04 .26 <2 11 758 6 108B Streambank 9.4 .12 4.9 3.0 .60 .68 .06 .33 <2 25 555 101 108C do 7.9 .19 5.0 2.7 .52 .52 .09 .24 12 33 484 68 108D do 6.7 .08 4.2 2.9 .49 .36 .04 .24 9 38 381 25 109A Artificial fill 9.1 .04 3.6 3.8 .47 .18 .03 .21 3 24 414 53 109B do 7.2 .14 8.0 2.4 .37 .39 .06 .26 11 65 356 <2 110 do 9.6 .05 4.8 3.9 .48 .40 .03 .24 2 36 454 <2 111A do 10.8 .04 3.7 4.6 .48 .18 .03 .22 4 16 460 28 111B do 9.8 .08 3.9 3.9 .45 .28 .03 .24 3 18 427 <2 112 Streambed 9.2 .10 4.5 3.1 .66 .64 .05 .30 <2 27 531 13 113 Artificial fill 3.0 .04 4.9 1.3 .17 .46 .04 <.005 34 31 45 1,050 114 do 4.8 .17 2.5 2.1 .25 1.0 .03 .06 8 10 205 310 115 do 7.0 .20 3.0 2.9 .52 .94 .07 .29 <2 13 797 12 116 Streambed 8.4 .25 4.6 2.6 .62 .87 .07 .28 <2 27 524 8 117 do 7.8 .42 3.9 2.6 .58 .71 .07 .28 <2 17 641 9 118 Streambank 7.3 .41 3.2 2.1 .51 .75 .10 .27 <2 13 713 18 119 do 8.7 .09 3.4 2.9 .59 .89 .04 .25 <2 18 674 3 120 Streambed 8.1 .08 3.2 3.0 .50 .87 .03 .24 <2 14 725 3 121 Streambank 7.2 .28 3.2 2.2 .48 .85 .07 .29 3 <10 728 12 122 do 8.5 .44 3.6 2.5 .60 1.2 .06 .40 <2 <10 852 8 

Table 9. Geochemical data for the coarse (0.25- to 1.0-mm grain size) fraction of samples of streambed sediment, streambank sartificial-fill material collected from the Prichard Creek, Eagle Creek, and Beaver Creek drainages in the northern Coeur d’Alene District, northern Idaho.—Continued[<, below analytical detection limit; dashes, insufficient material for analysis]
Sample Sample type Al (wt pct) Ca (wt pct) Fe (wt pct) K(wt pct) Mg (wt pct) Na (wt pct) P(wt pct) Ti (wt pct) Ag (ppm) As (ppm) Ba (ppm) Cd (ppm) 

123 Artificial fill 5.9 .06 4.3 3.0 .31 .21 .04 .15 36 13 426 4 124 do 3.2 .22 17.2 1.2 .54 .08 .02 .06 20 46 201 47 125 do 8.0 .81 4.0 2.0 .64 1.3 .09 .50 <2 12 862 <2 126 do 5.0 .05 4.4 2.7 .24 .23 .03 .12 38 10 159 23 127 Streambed 8.3 .26 3.6 2.9 .59 .82 .05 .32 <2 16 875 <2 128 do 9.6 .16 4.1 3.1 .63 .82 .05 .28 <2 21 723 3 129 do 8.2 .18 4.7 2.6 .50 .86 .07 .22 3 24 556 8 130 do 9.6 .08 5.9 3.2 .70 .65 .06 .26 <2 38 761 <2 131 Artificial fill 10.1 .48 4.4 4.3 1.2 .83 .04 .15 2 30 1,000 7 132 Streambank 7.2 .60 4.9 1.8 .64 1.1 .15 .54 <2 10 739 8 133 Artificial fill 7.2 .03 3.8 2.2 .32 .95 .04 .13 8 72 503 <2 134 do 5.9 .27 1.5 1.7 .38 1.6 .03 .05 3 32 230 13 135 do 5.8 .25 1.6 1.7 .38 1.5 .03 .04 4 44 240 18 136 Streambed 8.9 .10 4.4 3.0 .62 .83 .04 .19 <2 30 530 7 137 do 8.9 .06 7.7 3.1 .61 .72 .06 .18 <2 57 656 7 138 Artificial fill 8.1 .15 2.4 2.4 .42 1.7 .05 .14 3 48 418 8 139 do 7.0 .22 2.2 1.9 .41 1.6 .05 .12 4 20 363 23 140 Streambed 9.4 .06 6.8 3.1 .64 .68 .05 .18 <2 48 624 6 141A Streambank 7.3 .03 3.6 2.2 .36 1.2 .03 .12 4 53 423 3 141B do 7.7 .03 3.1 2.3 .40 1.2 .03 .12 4 40 409 <2 142 Streambed 9.5 .06 5.6 3.2 .62 .65 .05 .22 <2 25 646 3 143 do 6.7 .09 2.0 2.7 .48 .54 .03 .15 <2 <10 692 <2 144 Streambank 5.9 .08 9.6 2.1 .33 .42 .05 .18 66 39 334 3 145 Artificial fill 7.3 .10 5.9 2.9 .34 .47 .03 .34 32 98 357 2 146 do 8.4 .22 5.1 2.3 .49 .40 .05 .43 <2 13 540 <2 147A Streambank 6.6 .06 5.2 2.6 .40 .33 .04 .24 22 43 348 <2 147B do 7.8 .16 5.4 2.4 .55 .54 .07 .26 15 30 414 6 148 Artificial fill 6.6 .15 3.2 2.5 .42 .28 .03 .20 3 57 290 27 149 do 7.0 .07 4.8 2.7 .34 .22 .04 .28 7 28 307 <2 150 do 6.9 .04 3.5 2.8 .34 .23 .03 .23 4 36 307 <2 151 do 9.8 .08 3.7 4.0 .46 .21 .03 .21 4 14 435 5 152 Streambank 7.3 .22 6.2 2.1 .54 .62 .10 .30 23 34 379 3 153 Artificial fill 7.6 .35 3.8 2.7 1.0 .57 .05 .34 <2 10 673 2 154 Streambank 8.3 .10 4.8 3.2 .63 .76 .04 .30 <2 24 555 6 155 do 8.1 .07 7.4 2.8 .57 .64 .04 .24 12 29 474 8 156A do 5.6 .32 17.8 1.2 .41 .64 .20 .20 <2 35 474 12 157 do 6.9 .31 2.6 2.1 .57 .83 .08 .31 <2 <10 583 3 

Table 9. Geochemical data for the coarse (0.25- to 1.0-mm grain size) fraction of samples of streambed sediment, streambank sartificial-fill material collected from the Prichard Creek, Eagle Creek, and Beaver Creek drainages in the northern Coeur d’Alene District, northern Idaho.—Continued [<, below analytical detection limit; dashes, insufficient material for analysis]
Sample Sample type Co (ppm) Cr (ppm) Cu (ppm) Ga (ppm) Hg (ppm) La (ppm) Li (ppm) Mn (ppm) Nb (ppm) Nd (ppm) Ni (ppm) Pb (ppm) Sc (ppm) Sr (ppm) Th (ppm

 01 Streambed 9 42 16 18 0.02 61 34 520 17 58 16 70 10 49 14  02 do 16 35 26 19 .02 42 37 600 13 41 18 80 10 68 13  03 do 14 44 23 18 .02 49 30 550 13 46 21 29 11 60 14  04 do 6 49 24 20 .03 58 37 400 21 53 18 90 12 49 16  05 do 10 48 20 20 .08 51 37 410 20 45 22 69 12 44 16  06A do 14 52 33 21 .04 48 33 780 22 42 23 400 13 56 16  06B do 15 52 40 20 .09 46 36 960 15 42 27 620 12 67 15  07 do 22 56 49 22 .05 46 33 1,000 19 41 25 690 14 40 16  08 do 26 54 170 22 .09 50 30 2,200 16 44 27 2,600 14 42 16  09 do 31 69 35 23 .09 49 42 1,300 23 42 32 1,200 16 49 16  10 do 23 58 32 24 .04 50 51 730 25 43 38 80 14 40 18  11 do 14 48 31 19 .03 47 25 680 16 42 22 290 12 62 13  12 do 14 50 30 21 .08 41 30 820 19 36 24 350 14 110 12  13 do 20 58 38 22 .05 50 30 980 19 43 31 430 14 89 14  14 do 32 60 43 24 .06 54 32 1,800 17 48 49 360 16 78 15  15 do 26 74 34 23 <.02 55 30 920 20 47 38 44 18 65 14  16 do 12 50 28 21 .04 45 29 670 18 40 21 570 13 100 13  17 do 20 57 46 21 .02 50 34 840 18 43 28 720 15 48 14  18 do 11 45 28 18 .07 49 33 610 18 43 21 530 12 45 13  18B Streambank 30 46 4,600 55 17 41 20 300 13 39 19 49,000 14 34 18  19 Streambed 6 36 34 22 .07 39 24 580 22 33 19 150 11 280 12  20 do 13 35 32 18 .10 39 21 980 14 35 20 340 10 290 10  20B Artificial fill 8 62 210 24 .56 29 19 1,200 17 27 8 4,600 14 48 14  21 Streambed 15 45 39 19 .15 44 27 810 17 38 18 1,500 12 66 12  22 do 17 47 92 21 .16 42 35 700 18 37 22 530 14 63 12  22B Streambank 17 33 110 19 .30 45 31 770 16 39 21 1,100 11 110 11  23 Streambed 16 55 41 22 .11 60 42 790 22 53 30 580 15 59 15  24 do 5 38 18 16 .02 45 30 360 16 39 13 21 10 38 11  25 do 22 51 54 20 .02 56 26 700 14 50 30 340 13 38 14  26 do 2 38 15 16 .01 40 23 310 14 36 14 25 10 27 10  27 do 14 56 63 22 .04 56 28 620 22 49 25 630 15 40 14  28A do 16 61 59 23 <.02 48 29 610 20 43 24 550 16 41 15  28B do 14 58 82 22 .07 51 28 690 20 45 23 740 15 42 14  29 do 19 61 70 23 .02 63 32 830 18 56 31 690 16 40 15  30 do 19 60 130 23 .05 48 29 750 19 43 27 1,800 16 39 15  31 do 15 60 210 24 .30 48 28 720 19 42 25 6,100 16 60 17  32 do 20 68 29 24 .06 46 45 940 19 40 32 830 16 41 14  33 do 26 71 30 24 .09 50 42 1,100 19 42 28 1,200 17 46 14 

Table 9. Geochemical data for the coarse (0.25- to 1.0-mm grain size) fraction of samples of streambed sediment, streambank soil, and artificial-f

the Prichard Creek, Eagle Creek, and Beaver Creek drainages in the northern Coeur d’Alene Mining District, northern Idaho.—Continued

[<, below analytical detection limit; dashes, insufficient material for analysis]
Sample Sample type Co (ppm) Cr (ppm) Cu (ppm) Ga (ppm) Hg (ppm) La (ppm) Li (ppm) Mn (ppm) Nb (ppm) Nd (ppm) Ni (ppm) Pb (ppm) Sc (ppm) Sr (ppm) Th (ppm) 

 34 do 26 63 90 23 .07 45 37 1,800 15 39 27 2,300 16 47 13  35 do 14 60 31 24 .10 50 44 720 20 44 29 400 16 51 15  36 do 12 40 21 18 .03 46 29 730 15 40 20 47 11 60 12  37 do 14 56 39 22 .02 52 36 570 22 45 24 760 15 40 15  38 do 11 48 61 21 .17 42 31 690 17 37 20 980 13 52 13  39 do 22 53 190 22 .17 48 27 930 19 43 26 4,100 15 46 15  40 do 18 60 34 25 .02 61 36 940 19 55 36 79 16 42 16  41 do <1 35 11 16 <.02 41 22 330 13 37 13 28 9 20 10  42 do 11 48 28 20 .11 47 30 730 17 42 24 330 14 89 13  43 do 8 34 24 21 .06 37 24 600 20 33 16 180 10 290 12 101 do 22 48 39 24 .06 58 33 1,120 27 52 35 529 13 65 18 102 Artificial fill 26 26 1,050 22 .78 30 21 2,540 <4 32 16 16,600 11 24 10 103 do 35 <1 1,460 16 .76 21 14 15,600 <4 22 23 14,700 10 14 8 104A Streambed 27 53 128 23 .09 50 31 2,260 21 46 28 3,200 13 49 18 104B Streambank 23 29 586 17 .47 26 22 4,830 <4 23 16 9,000 10 25 9 104C do 27 48 207 23 .15 49 31 2,170 18 46 26 3,540 13 42 16 105A do 25 30 960 22 .52 31 20 2,690 <4 31 14 12,900 10 22 11 105B do 25 30 531 19 .31 46 24 2,160 15 42 21 6,350 13 34 16 106 Artificial fill 27 68 53 26 .12 49 41 862 15 45 34 1,480 12 77 11 108A Streambed 16 55 46 26 .10 63 35 614 30 63 24 1,160 13 46 18 108B Streambank 26 58 42 26 .05 43 51 2,880 23 41 43 238 13 46 15 108C do 75 64 350 21 .75 38 33 5,240 <4 35 34 15,700 14 55 10 108D do 24 79 83 19 .40 22 28 1,960 7 20 22 9,750 15 30 9 109A Artificial fill 12 54 213 29 .11 27 33 1,080 31 26 18 1,550 14 21 15 109B do 10 48 156 19 .10 51 22 681 19 46 14 8,050 12 44 72 110 do 5 63 95 28 .06 35 25 738 34 31 11 2,700 15 52 15 111A do 7 61 616 32 .19 35 32 959 38 34 14 1,690 16 23 17 111B do 8 60 160 28 .10 36 26 1,380 26 33 11 1,530 14 42 17 112 Streambed 26 63 40 24 .08 44 43 1,360 23 42 32 1,540 15 50 16 113 Artificial fill 76 17 3,790 30 3.1 11 8 133 <4 16 25 63,300 6 11 9 114 do 32 34 1,180 26 2.9 21 11 412 7 22 15 21,700 8 28 10 115 do 16 49 107 21 .22 58 34 1,040 13 55 21 6,100 10 66 11 116 Streambed 27 50 160 24 .31 64 37 1,300 25 60 34 5,910 12 60 18 117 do 20 44 49 20 .06 52 28 954 23 48 30 829 12 72 18 118 Streambank 18 37 58 18 .11 43 30 1,610 20 36 24 2,510 10 80 14 119 do 16 48 55 23 .05 61 33 760 24 57 23 1,290 12 46 16 120 Streambed 14 42 34 21 .11 41 26 684 23 38 18 1,190 11 62 13 121 Streambank 21 37 72 20 .46 53 27 1,290 20 50 24 3,730 10 95 15 122 do 14 46 44 23 .04 48 24 458 30 44 38 120 12 151 14 

Table 9. Geochemical data for the coarse (0.25- to 1.0-mm grain size) fraction of samples of streambed sediment, streambank soil, and artificial-f

the Prichard Creek, Eagle Creek, and Beaver Creek drainages in the northern Coeur d’Alene Mining District, northern Idaho.—Continued [<, below analytical detection limit; dashes, insufficient material for analysis]
Sample Sample type Co (ppm) Cr (ppm) Cu (ppm) Ga (ppm) Hg (ppm) La (ppm) Li (ppm) Mn (ppm) Nb (ppm) Nd (ppm) Ni (ppm) Pb (ppm) Sc (ppm) Sr (ppm) Th (ppm

123 Artificial fill 9 44 88 20 9.4 37 16 472 10 34 13 75,500 9 31 16 124 do 17 <1 97 9 10 14 9 14,900 <4 12 13 14,500 8 20 5 125 do 15 46 45 23 .10 40 39 1,430 14 35 28 380 11 190 8 126 do 11 32 373 20 4.5 35 14 299 9 33 10 75,900 8 26 14 127 Streambed 13 47 23 22 .05 58 40 626 25 54 23 555 11 66 17 128 do 16 53 32 25 .10 52 45 717 29 50 29 1,190 12 53 15 129 do 28 47 204 27 1.1 52 29 1,400 21 49 24 5,420 12 51 16 130 do 49 54 48 27 .01 62 42 1,960 22 66 53 51 15 51 16 131 Artificial fill 20 50 64 29 .52 49 22 597 27 53 29 2,480 15 171 22 132 Streambank 27 47 605 26 .12 42 36 1,800 12 32 23 913 9 140 9 133 Artificial fill 12 40 164 20 .53 43 15 303 20 39 13 7,960 11 39 19 134 do 8 32 377 16 .14 22 10 224 16 20 9 3,760 8 48 13 135 do 9 30 412 17 .28 28 10 205 16 25 10 4,820 8 45 13 136 Streambed 19 48 167 24 .14 57 28 656 22 56 24 3,230 13 46 18 137 do 32 50 184 25 .06 75 30 1,160 19 78 44 2,570 14 40 17 138 Artificial fill 12 43 428 22 .20 53 14 449 22 46 16 3,160 11 62 18 139 do 13 32 198 18 .56 47 13 466 19 42 13 4,950 10 58 15 140 Streambed 27 52 162 25 .06 71 30 988 28 72 37 2,120 15 38 19 141A Streambank 9 39 132 21 .50 52 17 232 21 49 12 4,000 12 37 18 141B do 19 40 230 22 .32 47 18 505 21 44 15 5,740 12 34 17 142 Streambed 21 54 69 25 .03 60 32 816 27 60 31 965 14 40 16 143 do 6 32 15 17 .01 45 24 319 21 42 14 37 8 27 13 144 Streambank 13 27 649 19 1.2 30 18 797 7 28 11 44,000 10 41 11 145 Artificial fill 4 38 157 21 .69 28 18 2,180 19 22 8 20,900 11 91 12 146 do 20 69 48 24 .05 46 39 751 15 41 36 213 12 75 10 147A Streambank 15 56 269 18 .45 30 22 3,380 <4 26 10 12,300 12 28 9 147B do 31 49 240 21 .62 49 32 2,670 11 46 26 8,130 13 51 15 148 Artificial fill 28 67 136 17 .12 23 23 1,740 12 21 43 4,150 16 23 10 149 do 4 39 47 20 .09 42 20 857 18 36 9 2,400 11 22 27 150 do 4 52 42 20 .06 32 19 776 19 28 8 1,920 12 19 24 151 do 16 62 237 29 .11 32 27 2,920 22 29 14 2,150 14 26 13 152 Streambank 32 43 395 21 .93 52 32 5,020 <4 47 29 16,200 12 64 16 153 Artificial fill 16 54 34 20 .07 56 41 765 21 51 25 141 12 78 16 154 Streambank 21 58 40 24 .05 46 32 1,040 27 44 31 489 13 44 17 155 do 27 45 348 23 .18 43 30 4,080 8 38 24 5,380 12 36 15 156A do 34 10 62 13 .11 40 18 763 <4 50 30 631 12 83 12 157 do 7 40 51 18 .08 54 28 207 24 49 26 1,050 10 82 14 

Table 9. Geochemical data for the coarse (0.25- to 1.0-mm grain size) fraction of samples of streambed sediment, streambank soil, and artificial-f

the Prichard Creek, Eagle Creek, and Beaver Creek drainages in the northern Coeur d’Alene Mining District, northern Idaho.—Continued

[<, below analytical detection limit; dashes, insufficient material for analysis]
60 Stream-Sediment Geochemistry in Mining-Impacted Streams: Northern Coeur d’Alene Mining District, Northern Idaho

Table 10. Results of blind analyses of National Institute of Standards & Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Materials (SRM2710, 

SRM2711; Montana soils).

[Major-element contents in weight percent; minor- and trace-element contents in parts per million. NIST gives only “noncertified” values for listed trace elements, with no ± variation listed. Difference from certified value is calculated relative to range of certified values: positive value is percent above high end of 

range, negative value is percent below low end of range, and 0 value is within range. <, below analytical detection limit]

SRM------ 2710 2711

Element

NIST

certified

value

(±variation,

in percent)

2000 analysis 2001 analysis

NIST

certified

value

(±variation,

in percent)

2000 analysis 2001 analysis

Analytical 

value

Difference 

from 

certified 

value

(percent)

Analytical 

value

Difference 

from 

certified 

value

(percent)

Analytical value

Difference 

from 

certified 

value

(percent)

Analytical 

value

Difference 

from 

certified 

value

(percent)

Major elements

Al--------- 6.44 (1.2) 6.1 -4 6.4 0 6.53 (1.4) 6.5 0 6.5 0

Ca--------- 1.25 (2.4) 1.2 -2 1.2 -2 2.88 (2.8) 2.9 0 2.9 0

Fe --------- 3.38 (3.0) 3.3 0 3.4 0 2.89 (2.1) 2.9 0 2.9 0

K---------- 2.11 (5.2) 2 0 2.1 0 2.45 (3.3) 2.4 0 2.6 3

Mg-------- .853 (4.9) .84 0 .84 0 1.05 (2.9) 1 -2 1 -2

Na-------- 1.14 (5.3) 1.1 0 1.1 0 1.14 (2.6) 1.1 -1 1.2 3

P---------- .106 (14.2) .11 0 .13 7 .086 (8.1) .08 0 .08 0

Ti--------- .283 (3.5) .14 -49 .14 -49 .306 (7.5) .28 -1 .28 -1

Minor elements

Ag-------- 35 (4.3) 35 0 31 -7 4.63 (8.4) 5 0 4 0

As--------- 626 (6.1) 630 0 614 0 105 (7.6) 100 0 99 0

Ba--------- 707 (7.2) 680 0 705 0 726 (5.2) 720 0 727 0

Cd-------- 21.8 (0.9) 21 -3 21 -3 41.7 (0.6) 41 -1 42 .1

Cu-------- 2,950 (4.4) 2,900 0 2,800 -1 114 (1.8) 110 -2 114 0

Hg-------- 32.6 (5.5) 29 -6 31 0 6.25 (3.0) 5.8 -4 5.6 -8

Mn-------- 10,100 (4.0) 9,800 0 9,910 0 638 (4.4) 650 0 653 0

Ni--------- 14.3 (7.0) 15 0 15 0 20.6 (5.3) 22 1 21 0

Pb--------- 5,532 (1.4) 5,400 -1 5,630 -.3 1,162 (2.7) 1,200 1 1,160 0

V---------- 76.6 (3.0) 72 -3 73 -2 81.6 (3.6) 81 0 81 0

Zn--------- 6,952 (1.3) 6,700 -2 6,980 0 350.4 (1.4) 350 0 350 0

Trace elements

Ce--------- 57 56 – – – 60 – – – 69 71 – – – 78 – – –

Co-------- 10 3 – – – 13 – – – 10 9 – – – 11 – – –

Cr--------- 39 33 – – – 31 – – – 47 47 – – – 44 – – –

Ga-------- 34 36 – – – 39 – – – 15 15 – – – 14 – – –

La--------- 34 30 – – – 32 – – – 40 37 – – – 42 – – –

Mo-------- 19 14 – – – 19 – – – 1.6 <2 – – – 2 – – –

Nd-------- 23 17 – – – 17 – – – 31 30 – – – 32 – – –

Sc--------- 8.7 10 – – – 10 – – – 9 10 – – – 10 – – –

Sr--------- 330 320 – – – 318 – – – 245.3 240 – – – 245 – – –

Th--------- 13 14 – – – 16 – – – 14 14 – – – 15 – – –

Y---------- 23 21 – – – 23 – – – 25 26 – – – 29 – – –

Yb-------- 1.3 2 – – – 2 – – – 2.7 3 – – – 3 – – –
Tables 1–12 61

Table 11. Mean and standard deviation (SD) of the coefficients of variation (CV) for field 

duplicates of samples of suspended and streambed sediment and for annual replicate samples 

of streambed sediment collected from the Prichard Creek, Eagle Creek, and Beaver Creek drainages in the northern Coeur d’Alene Mining District, northern Idaho.

[All values in percent. Dashes, not calculable because most determinations were below analytical detection limit]

Element

Suspended sediment Streambed sediment 

Field duplicates

2000 (n=4)

Field duplicates

2000 (n=6)

Annual repeats

2000-1 (n=12)

Mean

of CV

SD

(pct)

Mean

of CV

SD

(pct)

Mean

of CV

SD

(pct)

Al ----- 2 1 2 2 6 4

Ca ----- 8 9 19 14 12 13

Fe ----- 3 1 7 5 9 12

K ------ 4 4 3 2 3 2

Mg ---- 2 2 3 3 5 4

Na ----- 3 2 4 3 7 11

P ------- 2 5 9 7 9 9

Ti ------ 4 3 14 17 10 12

Ag ----- --- --- --- --- --- ---

As ----- 11 13 23 20 33 33

Ba ----- 1 1 3 2 7 6

Cd ----- --- --- --- --- --- ---

Ce ----- 1 1 10 14 13 12

Co ----- 10 14 12 9 28 15

Cr ------ 5 6 4 4 14 17

Cu ----- 6 3 17 14 28 19

Ga ----- 1 2 2 2 8 4

Hg ----- 6 6 30 20 25 20

La ----- 2 1 10 10 14 11

Li ------ 1 1 5 2 7 6

Mn ---- 1 2 12 3 17 14

Nb ----- 5 4 10 10 14 10

Nd ----- 4 2 9 9 15 15

Ni ------ 2 2 6 4 15 14

Pb ----- 4 7 18 10 13 10

Sc ----- 0 0 3 3 6 5

Sr ------ 7 7 8 7 8 7

Th ----- 2 3 5 3 10 6

V ------ 2 1 3 2 6 6

Y ------ 3 2 5 2 15 13

Zn ----- 4 3 8 8 26 20

Median---- 3 2 8 7 12 12

Mean ------ 4 3 9 7 13 8

Calculated only for mining-related elements (Fe, As, Co, Cu, Hg, Mn, Pb, Zn)

Median---- 5 4 14 10 26 17

Mean------ 6 5 16 6 22 7
62 Stream-Sediment Geochemistry in Mining-Impacted Streams: Northern Coeur d’Alene Mining District, Northern Idaho

Table 12. Mean and standard deviation (SD) of the “background” 

composition of the fine (<0.063-mm grain size) fraction of samples 

of streambed sediment collected from a large unimpacted drainage 

(West Fork of Eagle Creek) relative to those of several smaller unimpacted tributaries or the upstream unimpacted reaches of impacted 

streams in the Prichard Creek, Eagle Creek, and Beaver Creek drainages in the northern Coeur d’Alene Mining District, northern Idaho.

[Major-element contents in weight percent; minor-element contents in parts per 

million. See figures 1 and 2 for locations. Samples from the West Fork of Eagle 

Creek were collected at sampling sites 26, 41, and 143, and samples from small 

unimpacted tributaries were collected at sampling sites 03, 15, 24, 40, and 130 

(fig. 2). Dashes, below analytical detection limit of 2 ppm, which is presumed to 

be background value]

Element

West Fork of

Eagle Creek

(n=3)

Unimpacted

small tributaries

(n=5)

Mean

composition SD Meancomposition SD

Major elements

Al--------------- 5.8 0.3 6.6 0.2

Ca--------------- .64 .04 .49 .08

Fe--------------- 2.3 .1 3.4 .8

K--------------- 1.9 .1 2.0 .1

Mg-------------- .54 .02 .61 .10

Na-------------- .99 .02 .98 .14

P--------------- .09 .01 .07 .01

Ti--------------- .3 .0 .3 .1

Minor elements

Ag-------------- 2 – – – 2 – – –

As--------------- 11 1 15 3

Ba--------------- 793 39 651 109

Cd-------------- 2 – – – 2 – – –

Ce--------------- 92 4 120 45

Co-------------- 7 4 20 16

Cr--------------- 50 19 45 8

Cu-------------- 105 35 64 18

Ga-------------- 14 1 16 1

Hg-------------- .06 .01 .05 .03

La--------------- 44 2 51 7

Li--------------- 26 2 30 4

Mn-------------- 1,020 216 1,192 713

Nb-------------- 12 1 14 2

Nd-------------- 39 2 46 8

Ni--------------- 23 7 38 14

Pb--------------- 82 16 60 21

Sc--------------- 9 1 11 2

Sr--------------- 102 8 104 5

Th--------------- 12 1 12 1

V--------------- 51 2 67 17

Y--------------- 17 3 19 3

Zn--------------- 113 15 139 28