San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 30, 2010

San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District

Air Monitoring Network Plan

June 30, 2010

For Submittal to the U.S. Environmen tal Protection Agency in July 2010San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 30, 2010

San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District 1990 E. Gettysburg Avenue Fresno, California 93726

(559) 230-6100

www.valle y air.or gSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 30, 2010

Table of Contents

The District’s Core Values and Air Monitoring R equirement s.....................1

Executive Summary....................................................................................3 Introduction: What’s required in the monitoring net work pl an ....................4

What an Air Monito r Represents ................................................................6

Ozone ......................................................................................................12

PAMS ............................................................................................13

Particulate Matter ....................................................................................17

PM Collocation R equirement s .......................................................27 Public Review of Changes to t he PM2.5 Monitoring Network ......28

Carbon Monox ide ....................................................................................28 Nitrogen Diox ide ......................................................................................29

Sulfur Dio xide ..........................................................................................30

Lead ........................................................................................................30

Toxics ......................................................................................................31

Green House Gases.................................................................................31

Meteorol ogy .............................................................................................31

NCore .......................................................................................................32 Five-Year Monitoring Network A ssessment ..............................................34 Summary of monitoring changes , January 2009 – July 2010 ..................37 Summary of changes planned, July 2010 – Dece mber 2011 ..................38

Data Submission Requirem ents ...............................................................40 Acronyms, Abbreviati ons, Init ialisms ........................................................41

Appendix A: Monitoring Site Descriptions Appendix B: Detailed SJV Monitoring Site Information Appendix C: STI 5-year Network Assessment

2010 Air Monitoring Network Plan iSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 30, 2010

Tables

Table 1 SJV Areas of Represent ation ....................................................5

Table 2 SJV 2009 Popula tion .................................................................6

Table 3 Ambient Air Monito ring Sites in the SJVA B ...............................8

Table 4 SLAMS Minimum Ozo ne Monitoring R equirements ................13 Table 5 Ozone Requirements for the San J oaquin Valle y ....................14 Table 6 San Joaquin Valley Ozone Monitors, SLAMS and SPM...........15

Table 7 SJV PAMS site s .......................................................................17

Table 8 Minimum PM10 M onitoring Requ irements ...............................19

Table 9 Minimum PM2.5 Monitoring Requ irements ..............................19 Table 10 PM Monitoring Re quirements and SLAMS monitors

for the Valley ...........................................................................20

Table 11 PM SLAMS monito rs in the Va lley ..........................................21

Table 12 PM SPM monito rs in the Valley ................................................26

Table 13 Carbon Monoxide Monito ring Stations in the SJ V ...................28 Table 14 NO2 Monitoring Statio ns in the San Joaquin Va lley ................29 Table 15 SO2 Monitoring Statio n in the San J oaquin Vall ey ..................30 Table 16 Meteorology Monito ring Stations in the SJ V ............................33

Figures Figure 1 Map of Air Monitoring Si tes in the San Jo aquin Valley ..............2

2010 Air Monitoring Network Plan iiSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 30, 2010

2010 Air Monitoring Network Plan The District’s Core Values and the District’s Air M onitoring Network

* Protect Public Health *
The District uses data collected from the Valley air monitoring network to generate daily air quality forecasts and, when needed, issue health advisories. The District also uses data collected from the Valley’s air monitoring network as the basis for long-term attainment strategies and to track progress towards health-based air quality standards.

* Active and effective air polluti on control efforts with minimal disruption to the Valley’s economic prosperity *
The District uses air monitoring data to help determi ne what kind of air pollution control efforts are needed to achieve health-based air quality standards.

* Outstanding Customer Service *

* Accountability to the public *
The District’s website provides timely and easy pu blic access to data from the Valley’s real-time air monitors. The public can also access summaries of the previous seven days of air quality for ozone and particulate matter.

* Open and transparent public processes *
In addition to making air quality data available in real-time, the District uses air quality data in a variety of

publicly available documents and report s. The District also conducts a public review period for annual monitoring network plans.

* Respect for the opinions and inte rest of all Valley residents *
The District has actively made daily air quality inform ation available to Valley residents in a variety of formats, from the District website to the media, and even with air qualit y flags at schools. The District considers public interests in establishing new air monitoring stations.

* Ingenuity and innovation *
The District uses new and improved air monitoring te chniques as these techniques are approved by the

EPA. The District uses the latest science when siti ng air monitors. In tu rn, data collected from the monitoring network contributes to ongoing scientific evaluations.

* Continuous improvement *
The District evaluates the air monitoring network in the annual Monitoring Network plan for opportunities

for better data collection and greater efficiency. Furthermore, improved air monitoring is a continuous effort; throughout the year, the Dist rict seeks out opportunities to im prove the air monitoring network.

* Recognition of the uniqueness of the San Joaquin Valley *
The San Joaquin Valley is an expansive and diverse area. The District sites air monitors to represent each type of area and each portion of the region.

* Effective and efficient use of public funds *
An air monitoring network requires personnel, instrument s, parts, energy, and leases. The District makes the most of limited resources by st ructuring the air monitoring network in a way that optimizes personnel time and funding for instruments. The result is a ro bust air monitoring network that helps the Valley reach its air quality goals without unnecessary expenditures.

1Valley Unified Air Pollution Control DistrictJune 30, 20102010 Air Monitoring Network Plan2Figure 1 Map of AirMonitoring Sites inthe San Joaquin ValleySan JoaquinSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 30, 2010

Executive Summary

The San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District (District) operates an extensive network of air quality monitors throughout the San Joaquin Vall ey (Valley) to support its mission of improving and protecting public health . On a short term scale, District staff use the hourly readings from real-time monitors daily to generate an Air Quality Index (AQI) for each of the Valley’s eight c ounties. Through their appearance on the District website, in Valley media, and as school air quality flags, the AQI communicate the current state of air quality to Valley residents so they can keep air quality in mind as they plan their activities. The District al so uses real-time air quality data to manage prescribed burning, agricultural burning, and residential wood combustion to make sure these activities do not make air quality unhealthy.

As part of the District’s long-term efforts to improve public health, air monitors collect samples that are rigorously analyzed by labora tory technicians and District staff. This data determines the Valley’s attainment stat us for the U.S. Envi ronmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) health-based air quality standards . This data is also the foundation of the District’s air quality attainment plans (such as the 2007 Ozone Plan , the 2008 PM2.5

Plan , and upcoming plans) and the studies that contribute to these plans. These monitoring data are fundamental in the Valley’s effort to ac hieve improved air quality and attainment of EPA’s health-based standards as quickly as possible.

The San Joaquin Valley covers an area of 23,490 square miles, and the area is home to one of the most challenging air quality problems in the nation. The Valley is

nonattainment for federal PM2.5 and ozone standar ds, is in attainment of the federal standards for lead, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide. In addition, the Valley is an attainment/maintenance area for PM10. The Valley is home to approximately 4 million residents, and includes several major metropolitan areas, vast expanses of agricultural land, industrial sources, highways, and schools. This expansive and diverse area comprises many air quality needs, yet there are limited financial and personnel resources for air quality monitoring.

Despite these limitations and challenges, the District mainta ins a robust air monitoring program. The District follows federal monitoring requirem ents and guidelines to ensure an efficient and effective monitoring network. This monitoring network plan describes the District’s approach for implementing f ederal air monitoring and quality control requirements and summarizes recent and upcom ing changes to the monitoring network. As specified in 40 CFR 58.10(a), this plan is made available for public inspection at least 30 days prior to submission to EPA.

2010 Air Monitoring Network Plan 3San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 30, 2010

Introduction: What’s required in this monitoring network plan

Annual monitoring network plans review a region’s existing and proposed monitoring network in compliance with 40 CFR (Code of Federal Regulations) 58.10 as well as requirements linked to the District’s EPA 105 Grant. The annual monitoring network plans are updated and submitted to the EPA Regional Administrator each year, and each plan must be made available for public in spection for at least 30 days prior to submission to EPA. The plans are to prov ide for the establishment and maintenance of an air monitoring network that may incl ude the following types of stations and equipment:

Abbreviation Full Name Description

ARM Approved Regional Method A method that has been approved within a specific region for comparison to federal air quality standards. There are no ARM monitors in the San Joaquin Valley.

FEM Federal Equivalent Method These monitors are considered to be equivalent to FRM monitors for the purpose ofdetermining compliance with EPA’s healthbased air quality standards.

FRM Federal Reference Method EPA defines how these monitors are to work, how they are to be engineered, and how they are to measure pollutants. These monitors are used to determine compliance with EPA’s health-based air quality standards.

NCore National Core Multipollutant monitoring stations; in California, these are operated by the California Air Resources Board (ARB)

PAMS Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Station VOC (volatile organic compounds) speciation sites used in serious, severe, or extreme ozone nonattainment areas for precursor

evaluation.

SLAMS State and Local Air Monitoring

Station Monitoring sites that are used for determinations of compliance with federal air quality standards, though they may be used for other purposes as well

SPM Special Purpose Monitor Not included when showing compliance with the minimum air monitoring requirements; an example might include a temporary monitoring station set up in an area to measure short term air quality impacts of a

source.

STN Speciated Trends Network PM2.5 speciation stations that provide chemical speciation data of PM

2010 Air Monitoring Network Plan 4San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 30, 2010

The monitoring network plan should include a statement of purpose for each monitor and evidence that siting and operation of eac h monitor meets the requirements of appendices A, C, D, and E of 40 CFR part 58. The plan must contain the following information for each existing and proposed site (40 CFR 58.10 (b)):

• AQS (air quality system) site identification number

• Locations: street address and geographical coordinates

• The MSA, CBSA, CSA, or other area represented by th e monitor. MSA, CBSA,

and CSA are statistical-based definitions for metropolitan areas provided by the Office of Management and Budget and the Census Bureau (see Table 1):

o MSA: Metropolitan

statistical area

o CBSA: Core-based

statistical area

o CSA: Combined

statistical area

• Sampling and analysis methods for each measured parameter

• Operating schedules for each

monitor

• Monitoring objective and spatial scale of representativeness for each monitor (as defined in Appendix D to 40 CFR 58)

• Any proposals to remove or move a monitoring station within 18 months of a plan submittal. Any proposed

additions and discontinuations of SLAMS monitors are subject to approval according to 40

CFR 58.14

There are several network plan requirements that pertain specifically to PM2.5 monitoring. For example, the monitoring network plan must identify which sites are suitable and which are not suitable for comparison against the annual PM2.5 national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) as described in 40 CFR 58.30. The plan must also document how agencies provide for public review of changes to the PM2.5 monitoring network when the change impacts the location of a violating PM2.5 monitor Table 1 SJV Areas of Representation

Title Code

Combined Statistical Area (CSA) CSA Code

Fresno-Madera CSA 260

Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) Core-based Statistical Area (CSBA) Code

Bakersfield 1 12540

Fresno 23420

Hanford-Corcoran 25260

Madera 31460

Merced 32900

Modesto 33700

Stockton 44700

Visalia - Porterville 47300

Counties Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) Code

Fresno 06019

Kern 06029

Kings 06031

Madera 06039

Merced 06047

Stanislaus 06099

San Joaquin 06077

Tulare 06107

1 Monitors from both the San Joaquin Valley Air District and the Kern County Air Pollution Control District are counted in determining compliance with minimum monitoring requirements for the Bakersfield MSA.

2010 Air Monitoring Network Plan 5San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 30, 2010

or the creation/change to a community m onitoring zone. This should include a description of the proposed use of s patial averaging for purposes of making comparisons to the annual PM2.5 NAAQS as required in Appendix N to part 50. Agencies should submit any public comments received from PM2.5 monitoring changes in the submittal of the network plan.

In addition, a network assessment must be co mpleted every five years to demonstrate that the monitoring network meets monitoring objectives, whether any sites are no longer needed, whether new technologies might be appropriate. The first assessment is due July 1, 2010. The District engaged a cons ultant to complete this analysis, which was finalized in the fall of 2009 (this analys is is attached as Appendix C). This comprehensive review is reflected in the 2010 Monitoring Network Plan.

Table 2 SJV 2009 Population

County Total County Population Major Urban Area Pop >

100,000 Urban Area Pop. < 100,000

and > 50,000

Fresno 942,298 Fresno Clovis

Kings 154,743
-- Hanford

Madera 152,331
-- Madera

Merced 256,450
-- Merced

San Joaquin 689,480 Stockton Lodi, Manteca, Tracy

Stanislaus 526,383 Modesto Turlock

Tulare 441,481 Visalia Porterville,

Tulare

Kern (Valley Portion) 686,967 Bakersfield Delano

SJV Total 3,850,133

Data from California Department of Fi nance E-4 Population Estimates for Cities, Counties and the State, 2001-2009, with 2000 Benchmark. Estimates for 1/1/2009.

What an Air Monitor Represents

Each air monitor is sited to satisfy at leas t one of three specific objectives, represent generally consistent pollution concentrations, and represent a specific geographic scale.

Appendix D to 40 CFR Part 54 identifies three basic monitoring objectives :

• Provide air pollution data to the general public in a timely manner ( timely/public )

• Support compliance with ambient air qua lity standards and emissions strategy development ( standards/strategy )

• Support for air pollution research studies ( research support )

2010 Air Monitoring Network Plan 6San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 30, 2010

2010 Air Monitoring Network Plan 7 Appendix D then identifies several general monitoring site types to meet the objectives:

• Sites located to determine the highest concentrations in the area covered by the network

• Population oriented sites to measure typical concentrations in areas of high population density

• Source impact sites to determine the impact of significant sources or source categories on air quality

• General/background sites determine background concentration levels

• Regional transport sites located to determine the extent of regional pollutant transport among populated areas and in support of secondary

standards

• Sites located to measure air polluti on impacts on visibility, vegetation damage, or other welfare-related impacts

Appendix D also identifies several scales of spatial representativeness, described in terms of physical dimensions of the air parce l or zone where air quality is expected to be reasonably consistent around the monitor. The monitor thus represents that area, not just the point of the monitor. The spatial scales are:

• Microscale : an area ranging from several meters up to about 100 meters

• Middle scale : an area covering between ab out 100 meters to 0.5

kilometers

• Neighborhood scale : covering an area between 0.5 and 4.0 kilometers in

range

• Urban scale : covering an area of city-like di mensions, from about 4 to 50

kilometers

• Regional scale : covering a rural area of reasonably homogeneous geography without large sour ces, extending from tens to hundreds of

kilometers

National an • d global scales : representing concentrations characterizing the nation and the globe as a whole.

T able 3 summarizes all the am bient air monitoring sites in the San Joaquin Valley Air

Basin. It should be noted that in addition to the monitoring sites discussed in this monitoring network plan, ARB operates two s pecial purpose monitors in the Valley, Lodi

East and Lodi West.

N ew monitoring stations and new monitors must meet EPA siting criteria. A particular site might be appropriate for one or more pollu tants. Some sites might be appropriate for all air pollutant monitoring, while other sites might only be appropriate for a particular pollutant. The San Joaquin Valley Air Distric t balances a wide range of pollutant siting criteria, spatial scales, monitoring objectives, and practical concerns as it plans and operates its monitoring network.San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control DistrictJune 30, 2010Table 3 Ambient Air Monitoring Sites in the San Joaquin Valley Air Basin (Summary)As of June 1, 2010MSA,CountySite NameAIRSAgencyAddressPollutants MonitoredOzone, PM10 FRM, PM2.5 BAM/FEM, CO, NO2, NMHC,NMOC (PAMS), wind speed, wind direction, outdoortemperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure, solarradiationSJVClovis-N VillaAvenue908 N. Villa Av, Clovis CA9361260195001APCDSJVFresno -Drummond Street4706 E. Drummond Street,Fresno CA 93725Ozone, PM10 FRM, CO, NO2, wind speed, wind direction,outdoor temperature, barometric pressureAPCD60190007Ozone, PM10 FRM, PM10 BAM, PM2.5 FRM, PM2.5BAM, CO, NO2, SO2, toxics, wind speed, wind direction,outdoor temperature, relative humidity, barometricpressureFresno - FirstStreet3425 N. First St, Fresno CA9372660190008ARBSJVFresno - Pacific60195025APCD1716 Winery, Fresno CA93726PM2.5FRMFresno,FresnoSJV4508 Chennault Ave, FresnoCA 93722Ozone, CO, NO2, wind speed, wind direction, outdoortemperatureFresno - Skypark60190242APCDHuron60192008SJVAPCD16875 4thStreet, Huron, CA93234PM2.5 BAM, barometric pressureParlierOzone, NO2, NMOC (PAMS), NMHC, wind speed, winddirection, outdoor temperature, relative humidity,barometric pressure, solar radiation60194001SJVAPCD9240 S. Riverbend Av,Parlier CA 93648Tranquillity60192009SJVAPCD32650 West Adams,Tranquillity CA 93668Ozone, PM2.5 BAM FEM, wind speed, wind direction,outdoor temperature, barometric pressureOzone, NO2, NMOC (PAMS), NMHC, wind speed, winddirection, outdoor temperature, relative humidity,barometric pressure, solar radiationArvin60295001SJVAPCDand ARB20401 Bear Mountain Blvd,Arvin CA 93203Bakersfield,KernBakersfield -Airport401 E. Planz Rd.,Bakersfield CA 93307- Planz60290016ARBPM2.5 FRM2010 Air Monitoring Network Plan8San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control DistrictJune 30, 2010MSA,Site NameAIRSAgencyAddressPollutants MonitoredCountyOzone, PM10 FRM, PM10 BAM/FEM (temporarilyoperated by the SJVAPCD), PM2.5 FRM, PM2.5BAM/FEM, NO2, toxics, wind speed, wind direction,outdoor temperature, relative humidity, barometricpressure, solar radiationBakersfieldCalifornia Avenue5558 California, BakersfieldCA 9330960290014ARBOzone, PM10 TEOM, PM2.5 BAM, CO, NO2, NMOC(PAMS), NMHC, wind speed, wind direction, outdoortemperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure, solarradiationBakersfield-Muni1SJVAPCDJohnson Farm-Shed Rd,Edison CA 93320Ozone, NO2, wind speed, wind direction, outdoortemperatureEdison60290007ARBPM2.5 BAM, wind speed, wind direction, outdoortemperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure, solarradiationLebec60292009SJVAPCDBeartrap Road (no #), Lebec,CA 91350755 Stanislaus Street,Maricopa CA 93352Ozone, wind speed, wind direction, outdoor temperature,barometric pressureMaricopa60290008SJVAPCD3311 Manor St, Oildale CA93308Ozone, PM10 FRM, wind speed, wind direction, outdoortemperatureOildale60290232ARBShafterOzone, NO2, NMOC (PAMS), NMHC, wind speed, winddirection, outdoor temperature, relative humidity,barometric pressure, solar radiation60296001SJVAPCDand ARB578 Walker St, Shafter CA93263CorcoranPattersonAvenuePM10 FRM, PM10 TEOM, PM2.5 FRM, PM2.5 BAM/FEM,wind speed, wind direction, outdoor temperature,barometric pressure60310004SJVAPCD1520 Patterson Av, CorcoranCA 93212Hanford-S IrwinStreet60311004SJVAPCD807 S Irwin St, Hanford CA93230Ozone, PM10 FRM, PM2.5 BAM/FEM, NO2, wind speed,wind direction, outdoor temperature, barometric pressureHanford –Corcoran,KingsSanta RosaRancheria60310500Tachi-YokutOzone, PM10, meteorologyOzone, PM10 TEOM, PM2.5 BAM/FEM, wind speed, winddirection, outdoor temperature, barometric pressure,relative humidity, solar radiationMadera,Madera28261 Avenue 14, Madera,CA 93638Madera – City60392010SJVAPCD2010 Air Monitoring Network Plan9San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control DistrictJune 30, 2010MSA,Site NameAIRSAgencyAddressPollutants MonitoredCountyOzone, NO2, NMOC (PAMS), NMHC, wind speed, winddirection, outdoor temperature, relative humidity,barometric pressure, solar radiationMadera - PumpYardAv 8 and Road 29 1/2,Madera CA 9363760390004SJVAPCDMerced - CoffeeRoad385 S. Coffee St., MercedCA 95340Ozone, PM2.5 BAM/FEM, NO2, wind speed, winddirection, outdoor temperature, barometric pressure60470003SJVAPCDMerced,Merced2334 M Street, Merced CA95340Merced M Street60472510SJVAPCDPM10 FRM, PM2.5 FRMOzone, PM10 FRM, PM2.5 FRM, PM2.5 BAM, CO, NO2,toxics, wind speed, wind direction, outdoor temperature,relative humidityStocktonHazelton1593 E Hazelton St,Stockton CA 9520560771002ARBStocktonWagner-HoltSchool60773010SJVAPCD8778 Brattle Pl, Stockton CA95209PM10 FRMStockton,SanJoaquinOzone, PM10 TEOM, PM2.5 BAM, NO2, wind speed,wind direction, outdoor temperature, barometric pressure,radio acoustic sounding system (RASS)5749 S. Tracy Blvd., TracyCA 95376Tracy-Airport60773005SJVAPCDOzone, PM10 FRM, PM2.5 FRM, PM2.5 BAM, CO, windspeed, wind direction, outdoor temperature, barometricpressureModesto-14thStreet814 14th Street, Modesto CA9535460990005ARBModesto,StanislausOzone, PM10 FRM, PM2.5 BAM FEM, CO, NO2, windspeed, wind direction, outdoor temperature, barometricpressure1034 S Minaret St, TurlockCA 95380Turlock60990006SJVAPCDPorterville61072010SJVAPCD1839 S Newcomb Street,Porterville, CA 93257Ozone, PM2.5 BAM, wind speed, wind direction, outdoortemperature, barometric pressureVisalia –Porterville,TulareNationalParkService(NPS)Ozone, PM2.5 FRM, PM2.5 BAM, wind speed, winddirection, outdoor temperature, relative humidity, solarradiationSequoia -AshMountainAsh Mountain, SequoiaNational Park CA610700092010 Air Monitoring Network Plan10Valley Unified Air Pollution Control DistrictJune 30, 20102010 Air Monitoring Network Plan11MSA,CountySite NameAIRSAgencyAddressPollutants MonitoredSequoia -LowerKaweah61070006NationalParkService(NPS)Lower Kaweah Campground,Sequoia National Park, CAOzone, wind speed, wind direction, outdoor temperature,relative humidity, solar radiationVisalia-Airport61073000SJVAPCDAirport, Visalia CA 93291wind speed, wind direction, outdoor temperature, relativehumidity, barometric pressure, solar radiation, radioacoustic sounding system (RASS)Ozone, PM10 FRM, PM2.5 FRM, PM2.5 BAM, NO2, windspeed, wind direction, outdoor temperature, barometricpressureVisalia- Church61072002ARB310 N. Church St, Visalia CA932911Bakersfield – Golden (AIRS 60290010) was shut down for relocationin December 2009. The replacement site, Bakersfield-Muni, will beginreporting data in October 2010.San JoaquinSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 30, 2010

Ozone

Ozone is formed when its precursors (oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOC)) chemically react in t he presence of sunlight. The Valley’s topography, low precipitation levels, high temper atures, subsidence inversions, and light

winds are conducive to elevated ozone levels . Winds (at ground level or at higher altitudes) transport pollutants fr om other basins into the Valley, within the Valley to areas downwind, and fr om the Valley into other regions.

Ozone formation and transport has been studied in the Valley for many years. One of

the more recent efforts has been the Cent ral California Ozone Study (CCOS), which

includes most of northern Ca lifornia and all of central Calif ornia. CCOS monitoring was conducted during the summer of 2000. Emi ssion inventory development, data analysis, and modeling are complete. New tools and asse ssments, such as cluster analysis, are being conducted to gain further value from the developments of CCOS. The District expects that the final CCOS analysis will by synthesized into a report in 2012 to update the conceptual understanding of ozone. CCOS work is directed by the Policy and Technical Committees, comprised of represent atives from federal agencies, ARB, the California Energy Commission, local air po llution agencies, researchers, and industry and sponsoring organizations. CCOS resu lts have been used in the development of attainment plans, such as the District’s 2007 Ozone Plan and for the improvement of forecasting tools, which are used on a daily basis.

More recently, the District has been involved in CalNex 2010, which is a major climate and air quality field study in California conducted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the Ca lifornia Air Resources Board (ARB), with the participation of numerous academic res earchers. It will occur in May and June of 2010. NOAA’s deployment of two aircraft in t he state for 4 to 6 weeks will generate a dataset of unprecedent ed chemical completeness, spatial extent and temporal resolution. The presence of the research vessel Atlantis will provide data about the emissions and impacts of shipping off California’s coast. The study will answer important scientific questi ons about emissions, chemical transformations, climate processes, transport, and meteorology in Ca lifornia. The air quality and meteorological data collected during CalNex will improve ARB’s emissi on inventories of greenhouse gases, traditional air pollut ants and precursors. In additi on the study would improve ARB’s air quality models used in SIP development and our understanding of the atmospheric formation of ozone and PM.

The Valley’s SLAMS ozone monitors are continuous analyzers that detect ozone through ultraviolet absorption. As cont inuous devices, these monitors meet the “Timely/Public” objective, providing District staff with the data used in AQI forecasting and reporting. Ozone monitoring site requirements are bas ed on MSA population and on design values based on MSA, as shown in Table 4. Table 5 shows that the Valley’s ozone network meets the require ments of Table 4. Site s are intended to represent population exposures and maximum concentra tions, so most oz one monitors are

2010 Air Monitoring Network Plan 12San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 30, 2010

represent neighborhood or ur ban scale measurements. T able 6 shows the Valley’s ozone monitoring sites.

PAMS

The monitoring objective of Photochemical A ssessment Monitoring Stations is research support. Federal regulations (Clean Air Act Section 182 and 40 CFR 58) require serious, severe, and extreme ozone nonattainment areas to have PAMS sites to take speciated measurements of oz one precursors and allow for better understanding of the effect of precursors, control measures , and photochemistry on ozone formation. PAMS sites measure ozone, NOx, speciated VO C (NMOC and NMHC), CO, and meteorology concurrently.

There are four classifications of PAMS sites:

• Type 1: Background sites upwind of ur ban areas, where ozone concentrations are presumed not to be influenced by nearby urban emissions

• Type 2: Maximum ozone precursor emissions sites, typically located in an urban center, where emissions st rengths are the greatest

• Type 3: Maximum ozone concentration sites, intended to show the highest

ozone concentrations

• Type 4: Extreme downwind monitoring si tes, which are expected to capture concentrations of transported pollut ants but have lower ozone concentrations

due to a lack of more local emissions sour ces (currently not r equired for the SJV)

The District has a total of six PAMS sites configured as two small networks, one

centered on Fresno and one on Bakersfield (see Table 7). The PAMS program operates from June 1 through August 31 every y ear on a 1 in 3 day sampling schedule. At least four, three-hour int egrated samples are collected each sampling day, referred to as a “Trend Day.” However, additional samp les are collected on “Episode Days,” days

that are forecasted to have hi gh ozone concentrations. The goal is to sample on three to five multi-day episodes in an ozone season.

Table 4 SLAMS Minimum Ozon e Monitoring Requirements (Table D-2 of Appendix D to Part 58) Number of monitors required if: MSA population,

based on latest

available census figures Most recent 3-year design Most recent 3-year design

value concentrations value concentrations

≥ 85% of any ozone < 85% of any ozone NAAQS NAAQS

4 2 > 10 million

4 – 10 million 3 1

2 1 350,000 – < 4 million

1 0 50,000 – < 350,000

2010 Air Monitoring Network Plan 13San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 30, 2010

2010 Air Monitoring Network Plan 14 Table 5 Ozone Requirements for the San Joaquin Valley

Metropolitan

Statistical Area (MSA) 2009 Population Highest

2006-2008

Ozone Design

Value in

MSA (ppb) 1 ≥ 85% of

2008

ozone NAAQS (75 ppb) 1 Number

of

monitors required (Table 4) Number

of active

SLAMS

ozone monitor

sites

Bakersfield 827,173 2 105 Yes 2 7 2, 3

Fresno 942,298 100 Yes 2 6

HanfordCorcoran 154,743 87 Yes 1 1

Madera 152,331 84 Yes 1 2

Merced 256,450 89 Yes 1 1

Modesto 526,383 89 Yes 2 2

Stockton 689,480 83 Yes 2 2

Visalia -

Porterville 441,481 103 Yes 2 2

1 These data are preliminary. Air quality dat a may include data influenced by exceptional events and/or data completeness and substitution requirements.

2 The population listed for Bakersfield here reflects the population for all of Kern County, not just the Valley portion. Air monitors in the Ea stern Kern Air District would count towards the monitors required for the Bakersfield MSA. However, the “Number of active ozone monitors” listed here includes those in the San Joaquin Valley Air Basin only.

3 Includes the not yet operational Bakersfield-Muni air monitoring site.San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control DistrictJune 30, 2010Table 6 San Joaquin Valley Ozone Monitors, SLAMS and SPMAs of June 1, 2010MSACountySiteAIRSCodeAgencyScaleMonitoringSite TypeObjectiveSLAMSClovis60195001SJVAPCDNeighborhoodPopulationFresno – Drummond60190007SJVAPCDNeighborhoodPopulation, RegionaltransportAll sites meet theobjectives of:•Timely/publicFresno – First60190008ARBNeighborhoodPopulationFresno – Skypark60190242SJVAPCDNeighborhoodPopulation, Regionaltransport•Standards/strategyFresnoFresnoParlier60194001ARBNeighborhoodHigh Concentration,Regional transport•Researchsupport60295001ARB andNeighborhoodHigh Concentration,Regional transportArvinSJVAPCDBakersfield – California60290014ARBNeighborhoodPopulationBakersfield – Muni260290010SJVAPCDNeighborhoodPopulation60290007NeighborhoodHigh concentration,regional transportEdisonARBBakersfieldKernMaricopa60290008SJVAPCDNeighborhoodregional transportOildale60290232ARBNeighborhoodregionaltransport60296001ARB andNeighborhoodGeneral/backgroundShafterSJVAPCDHanfordCorcoran60311004NeighborhoodPopulationKingsHanford1SJVAPCDMadera – Pump Yard60390004SJVAPCDNeighborhoodGeneral/backgroundMaderaMaderaMadera City60392010SJVAPCDNeighborhoodPopulation2010 Air Monitoring Network Plan15Valley Unified Air Pollution Control DistrictJune 30, 20102010 Air Monitoring Network Plan16MSACountySiteAIRSCodeAgencyScaleSite TypeMonitoringObjectiveMercedMercedMerced – Coffee60472510SJVAPCDNeighborhoodPopulationStockton – Hazelton60771002ARBNeighborhoodPopulationStocktonSanJoaquinTracy - Airport60773005SJVAPCDNeighborhoodRegional transportModesto – 14th60990005ARBNeighborhoodPopulationModestoStanislausTurlock60990006SJVAPCDNeighborhoodPopulationVisalia – Church61072002ARBNeighborhoodPopulationVisalia -PortervilleTularePorterville61072010SJVAPCDNeighborhoodPopulationSPMFresnoFresnoTranquillity60192009SJVAPCDUrban ScalePopulationTimely/publicHanfordCorcoranKingsSanta Rosa Rancheria60310500Tachi-YokutTribeAsh Mountain – SequoiaNational Park61070009NPSRegionalRegional transportVisalia -PortervilleTulareLower Kaweah –Sequoia National Park61070006NPSRegionalRegional transport1Shutdown of the Corcoran ozone monitor occurred in November 2009.The monitor was reinstalled at reconstructed Hanford monitoring site inFebruary 2010. During the months in between,the monitor was serviced, calibrated and tested.2Bakersfield – Golden was shut down for relocation in December 2009. The replacement site, Bakersfield-Muni, will begin reporting data inOctober 2010.San JoaquinSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 30, 2010

Table 7 SJV PAMS sites As of June 1, 2010

Type 1: Upwind/Background site Madera-Pump Yard

Type 2: Maximum precursor

emissions Clovis-Villa

Fresno MSA

Type 3: Maximum ozone

concentrations Parlier

Type 1: Upwind/Background site Shafter-Walker

Bakersfield-Muni 1 Type 2: Maximum precursor

emissions Bakersfield

MSA Type 3: Maximum ozone

concentrations Arvin

1 Bakersfield – Golden was shut down for relocation in December 2009. The replacement site, Bakersfield-Muni, will begin reporting data in October 2010.

Particulate Matter (PM)

Particulate matter (PM) can be emitted directly as primary PM, and it can form in the atmosphere through chemical reactions of pr ecursors to form secondary PM. Primary PM can be emitted either naturally (wi ndblown dust and wildfires) or from human (anthropogenic) activity: agricultural operatio ns, industrial processes, combustion of wood and fossil fuels, construction and demolit ion activities, and entrainment of road dust. The resulting ambient PM mixture incl udes aerosols consisting of components of nitrates, sulfates, elemental carbons, or ganic carbon compounds, acid aerosols, trace metals, geological materials, etc.

Under current regulations, parti culate matter (PM) is differ entiated by particle size as opposed to composition. Stat e and federal air quality standards differentiate two size

fractions of PM: PM that is 10 microns or less in diameter (PM10) and the smaller

subset that is 2.5 microns or less in diam eter (PM2.5). The San Joaquin Valley is designated nonattainment for PM2.5. T he San Joaquin Valley has been redesignated to attainment for PM10, and the District’s 2007 PM10 Maintenance Plan and ongoing PM10 monitoring will assure continued compliance with federal standards.

The Valley’s surrounding mountain ranges cont ribute to PM retention. Over the summer, long periods with little or no rainfall re sult in extreme drying of soils, increasing emissions from traffic movement and mechanical disturbance. Winter brings rainfall, but also creates an atmospheric environment that forms more secondary particulates. The Valley’s frequent and severe temperature inversions block the normal rising air and traps particulates close to the ground, especially during the winter months.

2010 Air Monitoring Network Plan 17San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 30, 2010

The Valley’s comprehensive particulate field study is the Californi a Regional Particulate Air Quality Study (CRPAQS). CRPAQS m onitoring occurred between December 1999 and February 2001 through the use of ov er 70 SPM PM10 site s and 50 SPM PM2.5
sites. Researchers have used CRPAQS measurements for database development, analysis, and modeling. A final report syn thesizing all CRPAQS analysis and updating the conceptual understanding of particulates is expected to be completed in 2012. In addition to CRPAQS, other studies assess particulate emissions from agricultural operations, unpaved and paved road particulate emissions, and particulate formation in fog episodes. The design of the Valley’s current PM network is an outgrowth of the results and analysis from CRPAQS.

The Valley’s PM monitoring network includes Federal Reference Method (FRM) monitors, Federal Equivalent Method (FEM) monitors, Beta Attenuation Monitors (BAM), and Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance (TEOM). FRM monitors for PM are manual filter-based monitors; samples ar e collected on an either one-in-six day sampling schedule or a one-in-three day samp ling schedule. FRM monitors meet the “Standards/Strategy” objective , helping agencies determine the Valley’s attainment status and helping shape the strategies for reaching or maintainin g PM attainment. FRM filters can also be analyzed for PM spec iation, so they are sometimes used for “Research Support” objectives as well.

BAMs and TEOMs are continuous, near real-time monitors that provide the hourly PM data used in AQI and Smoke Managem ent System (SMS) forecast ing. Data from these monitors are also reporting in hazard r eduction burning allocations and in residential wood burning declarations. As such, these monitors help meet the “Timely/Public” objective.

Not all real-time monitors m eet the “Standards/Strategy” obj ective because they do not meet the rigorous engineerin g design, quality assurance, and quality control standards necessary for comparison to the NAAQS. An FEM monitor is ofte n a real-time monitor that has been designated by EPA as being equiva lent to FRM monito rs. FEMs satisfy both the “Standards/Strategy” objective and the “Timely/Public” objective. All of the Valley’s TEOMs are FEMs, and some of the Valley’s BAMs are FEMs.

Table 8 shows the minimum number of PM 10 sites required per MSA, and Table 9

shows the minimum number of PM2.5 sites required per MSA. Table 10 applies the requirements of Tables 8 and 9 to the Valle y. Tables 11 and 12 summarize the Valley’s

SLAMS and SPM PM monitori ng stations, respectively.

2010 Air Monitoring Network Plan 18San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 30, 2010

2010 Air Monitoring Network Plan 19 Table 8 Minimum PM10 Monitoring Requirements (Table D-4 of Appendix D to Part 58)
(A range is presented, and the actual number of stations per area is jointly determined by EPA, the State, and the local agency)

Population

category High concentration:

Ambient concentrations

exceed the PM10 NAAQS by 20% or

more ( ≥ 180 μg/m3) Medium concentration:

Ambient concentrations

exceed 80% of the PM10

NAAQS ( > 120 μg/m3) Low concentration:

Ambient concentrations

less than 80% of the

PM10 NAAQS ( < 120 μg/m3) , or no design

value

> 1,000,000 6 – 10 4 – 8 2 – 4

500,000 – 1,000,000 4 – 8 2 – 4 1 – 2

250,000 – 500,000 3 – 4 1 – 2 0 – 1

100,000 – 250,000 1 – 2 0 – 1 0

Table 9 Minimum PM2.5 Monitoring Requirements

MSA population Most recent 3-year design

value ≥ 85% of any PM2.5
NAAQS (equivalent to an annual design value ≥ 12.8 μg/m3 or a 24-hour design

value ≥ 29.8 μg/m3) Most recent 3-year design

value < 85% of any PM2.5
NAAQS (equivalent to an annual design value < 12.8 μg/m3 or a 24-hour design

value < 29.8 μg/m3), or no design value

> 1,000,000 3 2

500,000 – 1,000,000 2 1

50,000 - < 500,000 1 0San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control DistrictJune 30, 2010Table 10 PM MonitoringRequirements and SLAMS monitors for the ValleyPM10PM2.5MetropolitanStatisticalArea (MSA)County2009Population24-hour2009Highestconcentration inMSA(μg/m3)1MonitorsrequiredActual #ofprimarySLAMSsites inMSA24-hour2007-2009DesignValue inMSA(μg/m3)1Annual2007-2009DesignValue inMSA(μg/m3)MonitorsActual #requiredof primarySLAMSsites inMSABakersfieldKern827,17321382 – 43 *7621.522FresnoFresno942,298841 – 235816.3232Hanford-Corcoran154,7431210 – 125117.21KingsMaderaMadera152,331-01--01MercedMerced256,45064014814.111ModestoStanislaus526,383651 – 225414.022SanJoaquin689,480611 – 234512.221 (with 1planned)3StocktonVisalia -Porterville441,481920 - 115718.211Tulare1These data are preliminary. Air quality data may include datainfluenced by exceptional events and/or data completeness and substitutionrequirements.2The population listed for Bakersfield here reflects the populationfor all of Kern County, not just the Valley portion. Air monitors in theEastern Kern Air District would count towards the monitors required for the BakersfieldMSA. However, the “Actual # of monitors in MSA”listed here includes those in the San Joaquin Valley Air Basin only.3The Manteca site is tentatively scheduled to begin operating in October 2010 to meet this requirement.* Includes the forthcoming Bakersfield-Muni site.2010 Air Monitoring Network Plan20San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control DistrictJune 30, 2010Table 11 PM SLAMS monitors in the ValleyAs of June 1, 2010Size FractionMSA,CountySiteAIRSCodeAgencyScaleSite TypeMonitoringObjectivePM10Instru-SamplingmentSchedulePM2.5typeXStandards/strategy,researchsupportFRM1 in 3 dayor 1 in 6day(seasonal)FresnoPacific –Winery60195025SJVAPCDNeighborhoodPopulationStandards/strategy,researchsupportXFRM1 in 6 dayFresnoDrummond60190007SJVAPCDNeighborhoodPopulationStandards/strategy,researchsupportXFRM1 in 6 dayTimely/publicXBAM1-HourTimely/publicXBAM1-HourFresno,FresnoFresno –FirstStreetHighConcentration60190008ARBNeighborhoodStandards/strategy,researchsupportXFRMDailyStandards/strategy,researchsupportXFRM1 in 6 dayClovis -Villa60195001SJVAPCDNeighborhoodPopulationTimely/publicXBAM1-HourFEM2010 Air Monitoring Network Plan21San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control DistrictJune 30, 2010Size FractionMSA,CountySiteAIRSCodeAgencyScaleSite TypeMonitoringObjectivePM10Instru-SamplingmentSchedulePM2.5typeStandards/strategy,researchsupportXFRM1 in 6 dayOildale60290232ARBNeighborhoodPopulationStandards/strategy,researchsupportXFRM1 in 6 dayTimely/publicXBAMFEM1-HourTimely/publicXBAMFEM1-HourBakersfield– CaliforniaAve60290014ARBNeighborhoodPopulationStandards/strategy,researchsupportXFRMDailyBakersfield,KernTimely/publicXTEOM1-HourHighConcentrationBakersfield– Muni1pendingSJVAPCDNeighborhoodTimely/publicXBAM1-HourStandards/strategy,researchsupportXFRM1 in 3 dayBakersfield– Planz60290016ARBNeighborhoodPopulationStandards/strategy,researchsupportXFRM1 in 6 dayHanford/Corcoran,KingsHanford60311004SJVAPCDNeighborhoodPopulation2010 Air Monitoring Network Plan22San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control DistrictJune 30, 2010Size FractionMSA,CountySiteAIRSCodeAgencyScaleSite TypeMonitoringObjectivePM10Instru-SamplingmentSchedulePM2.5typeTimely/publicXTEOM1-HourStandards/strategy,researchsupportX, XcollocatedFRM1 in 3 dayStandards/strategy,researchsupportXFRM1 in 3 dayor 1 in 6day(seasonal)Corcoran–PattersonHighConcentration60310004SJVAPCDNeighborhoodTimely/publicXBAMFEM1-HourMadera,MaderaMaderaCityTimely/publicXTEOM1-HourPopulation60392010SJVAPCDNeighborhoodStandards/strategy,researchsupportXFRM1 in 6 dayMerced,MercedMerced –M StreetRepresentativeconcentration60472510SJVAPCDNeighborhoodStandards/strategy,researchsupportXFRM1 in 3 dayor 1 in 6day(seasonal)Standards/strategy,researchsupportXFRM1 in 6 dayStockton,SanJoaquinStocktonHazelton60771002ARBNeighborhoodPopulationTimely/publicXBAM1-Hour2010 Air Monitoring Network Plan23San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control DistrictJune 30, 2010Size FractionMSA,CountySiteAIRSCodeAgencyScaleSite TypeMonitoringObjectivePM10Instru-SamplingmentSchedulePM2.5typeStandards/strategy,researchsupportXFRM1 in 3 dayStandards/strategy,researchsupportXFRM1 in 6 dayStockton –Wagner –Holt60773010SJVAPCDNeighborhoodPopulationTracy –AirportTimely/publicXTEOM1-HourRegionaltransport60773005SJVAPCDNeighborhoodStandards/strategy,researchsupportXFRM1 in 6 dayTimely/publicXBAM1-HourModesto –14th60990005ARBNeighborhoodPopulationStandards/strategy,researchsupportXFRM1 in 3 dayModesto,StanislausStandards/strategy,researchsupportXFRM1 in 6 dayTurlock60990006SJVAPCDNeighborhoodPopulationTimely/publicXBAMFEM1-HourStandards/strategy,researchsupportXFRM1 in 6 dayVisalia -Porterville,TulareVisalia -Church61072002ARBNeighborhoodPopulation2010 Air Monitoring Network Plan24San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control DistrictJune 30, 2010Size FractionMSA,CountySiteAIRSCodeAgencyScaleSite TypeMonitoringObjectivePM10Instru-SamplingmentSchedulePM2.5typeTimely/publicXBAM1-HourStandards/strategy,researchsupportXFRM1 in 3 day1Bakersfield – Golden was shut down for relocation in December 2009. The replacement site, Bakersfield-Muni, will begin reporting data inOctober 2010.2010 Air Monitoring Network Plan25Valley Unified Air Pollution Control DistrictJune 30, 20102010 Air Monitoring Network Plan26Table 12 PM SPM monitors in the ValleyAs of June 1, 2010Size FractionMSA,CountySiteAIRS CodeAgencyScaleSite TypeMonitoringObjectivePM10PM2.5Instru-menttypeSamplingScheduleHuron60192008SJVAPCDNeighborhoodPopulationTimely/publicXBAM1-HourFresno,FresnoTranquillity60190009SJVAPCDUrbanUrbanTimely/publicXBAMFEM1-HourBakersfieldMuni160290010SJVAPCDNeighborhoodHighConcentrationTimely/publicXBAM1-HourBakersfield,KernLebec60292009SJVAPCDNeighborhoodPopulationTimely/publicXBAM1-HourXBAMFEM1-HourHanford/Corcoran,KingsHanford60311004SJVAPCDNeighborhoodPopulationTimely/publicXTEOM1-HourMadera,MaderaMadera-City60392010SJVAPCDNeighborhoodPopulationTimely/publicXBAMFEM1-HourMerced,MercedMercedCoffee60470003SJVAPCDNeighborhoodPopulationTimely/publicXBAMFEM1-HourStockton,San JoaquinTracy-Airport60773005SJVAPCDNeighborhoodRegionaltransportTimely/publicXBAM1-HourResearch supportXFRM1 in 6 dayAsh Mountain61070009National ParkServiceRegionalRegional transportTimely/publicXBAM1-HourVisalia -Porterville,TularePorterville61072010SJVAPCDNeighborhoodPopulationTimely/publicXBAM1-Hour1Bakersfield – Golden was shut down for relocation in December2009. The replacement site, Bakersfield-Muni, will begin reporting data inOctober 2010.San JoaquinSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 30, 2010

PM Collocation Requirements (40 CFR 58 Appendix A, Se ctions 3.2.5 and 3.2.6)

Monitors are said to be collocated if these monitors are at the same monitoring site, measure the same pollutant, and are the same type of instrum ent. Monitors are said to be parallel when these monitors are at the same monitoring site and measure the same pollutant but use different types of instru ments (such as an FRM paired with a BAM).

Monitors that measure the sa me pollutant with the same technique but at different monitoring sites are also said to be paralle l. Collocation requi rements are based on a “primary quality assurance organization” (PQA O), not on individual air basis. ARB is the PQAO for the Valley as well as several othe r air basins, so ARB must meet collocation requirements for the PQAO as a whole.

In a network of manual PM10 FRMs, 15% of the monitors should have collocated sampling, with at least one collocated pair. These collocated monitors should be at sites recording annual PM10 concentrations in the highest 25% of all sites in the network, or at EPA-selected sites.

If an area is using PM10-2.5 FEMs, then the Regional EPA Administrator will select the sites for collocated PM10 monitoring. An area should have 15% of its FEM PM10-2.5 monitors collocated, with at least 2 collocat ed pairs. With 2 collocated pairs, one should be two FRM monitors, and the other pair shoul d be two FEM monitors (and these pairs can be at the same monitoring site). The District currently does not have any monitors

in the PM10-2.5 size r ange, and none are required.

EPA’s PM2.5 monitoring colloca tion requirements indicate t hat 15% of all FRM or FEM monitors in an area must be collocated, wit h at least 1 collocated pair. For each collocated pair, one PM2.5 sampler is designat ed as the primary m onitor for air quality reporting, and the other PM2.5 monitor is an audit monitor. All primary collocated monitors using FRM monitoring just be collo cated with FRM audit monitors. Of all the primary collocated monitors using FEM m onitoring, half must collocated with an FEM audit monitor, and half must be paired with an FR M parallel audit monitor. If there is an odd number of FEM primary m onitors, then the additional m onitor should be paired with

an FRM audit monitor.

Of all the collocated PM2.5 monitoring si tes, 80% should be sites with annual average or daily PM2.5 concentrations within a range of ±20% of the NAAQS. So ideally, 80%

of the collocated PM2.5 sites would be recording annual averages between 12 μg/m3 and 18 μg/m3 and daily PM2.5 concentrati ons between 28 μg/m3 and 42 μg/m3. However, if an area does not have enough sites t hat meet these criteria, then 60% of

the collocated audit monitors should be at the sites with the highest PM2.5 concentrations (within the t op 25% for the area).

2010 Air Monitoring Network Plan 27San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 30, 2010

Public Review of Changes to the PM2.5 Monitoring Network

The District is required to seek public in put whenever proposing to move an existing violating PM2.5 monitor (40 CF R 58.10(c)). The District uses the annual Air Monitoring Network Plan to notify and seek comment from the public of any planned changes to the existing PM2.5 network. The public has 30 days to comment on the Monitoring Network Plan (and any PM2.5 network changes). The pl an is posted in the District website, and public notice is published in a newspaper of gener al circulation in each affected CBSA. In the event of unanticipated changes to the PM2.5 network t hat occur outside the Monitoring Network Plan process, the Dis trict will post public notice in Valley newspapers, post a document describing the proposed changes on its website, and seek public comment.

Carbon Monoxide

Monitoring has shown that the Valley’s CO concentrations ha ve not exceeded the
NAAQS for over a decade. As noted in secti on 4.2 of Appendix D of 40 CFR Part 58, there are no minimum require ments of the number of Car bon Monoxide (CO) monitoring

sites. The District continues CO monitori ng to supplement related meteorological and criteria pollutant data. T he District has added a trace-level CO analyzer at Clovis and a

trace level CO monitor to the Bakersfiel d-Golden site. Table 13 summarizes the Valley’s CO monitoring sites.

Table 13 Carbon Monoxide Monitoring Stations in the San Joaquin Valley As of June 1, 2010

Site Name Sampling AIRS Scale Site Type Objective Agency Frequency

Standards/ Strategy SJV

APCDBakersfieldMuni 1 060290010 Continuous Neighborhood Population

Standards/ Strategy SJV

APCD Clovis – Villa 060175001 Continuous Neighborhood Population

Fresno –

Drummond Standards/ Strategy SJV

APCD 060190007 Continuous Neighborhood Population

Standards/ Strategy Fresno – 1 st ARB 060190008 Continuous Neighborhood Population

Fresno – Sky

Park Standards/ Strategy SJV

APCD 060190242 Continuous Neighborhood Population

Standards/ Strategy Modesto –

14 th Street ARB 060990005 Continuous Neighborhood Population

Stockton –

Hazelton Standards/ Strategy 060771002 Continuous Neighborhood Population ARB

Standards/

Strategy SJV

APCD Turlock -

Minaret 060990006 Continuous Neighborhood Population

1 Bakersfield – Golden was shut down for reloca tion in December 2009. The replacement site, Bakersfield-Muni, will begin reporting data in October 2010.

2010 Air Monitoring Network Plan 28San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 30, 2010

Nitrogen Dioxide

As noted in section 4.3 of Appendix D of 40 CFR Part 58, there are no minimum requirements of the number of NO 2 monitoring sites. Although the Valley does not

exceed federal or state standards for NO 2 , NOx reductions contribute to air quality improvement for both ozone and PM. NO/NOy measurements are co llected at both the NCore multipollutant and PAMS site s to improve understanding of ozone photochemistry. Table 14 su mmarizes the Valley’s NO 2 monitoring sites.

On January 22, 2010, EPA strengthened the health-based NAAQS for NO 2 , setting a

new 1-hour NO 2 standard at the level of 100 parts per billion (ppb). The monitoring requirements for this new standard will be ba sed upon population of an area as well as the annual average daily traffic (AADT) count. Monitors are to be pl aced close to major roadways with the hig hest AADT counts. NO 2 monitors that are required under this new standard are to be operational by January 1, 2013. These requirements will be

addressed in the 2011 Annual Monitoring Network Plan.

Table 14 NO 2 Monitoring Stations in the San Joaquin Valley As of June 1, 2010

Site Name Sampling AIRS Scale Site Type Objective Agency Frequency

Arvin 060295001 Continuous Neighborhood Population Standards/ Strategy,

Research ARB

Bakersfield

– California Standards/ Strategy, 060290014 Continuous Neighborhood Population ARB

Standards/

Strategy,

Research SJV

APCD High

ConcentrationBakersfieldMuni 1 060290010 Continuous Neighborhood

Standards/ Strategy,

Research SJV

APCD High

Concentration Clovis –

Villa 060175001 Continuous Neighborhood

Edison –

Johnson

Ranch Standards/ Strategy 060290007 Continuous Neighborhood Population ARB

High

Concentration Standards/ Strategy SJV

APCD Fresno –

Drummond 060190007 Continuous Neighborhood

Standards/ Strategy Fresno – 1 st ARB 060190008 Continuous Neighborhood Population

Fresno – Sky Park Standards/ Strategy SJV

APCD 060190242 Continuous Neighborhood Population

Hanford 060311004 Continuous Neighborhood Population Standards/ Strategy SJV

APCD

Standards/

Strategy, 060390004 Continuous Neighborhood Population Madera – SJV

2010 Air Monitoring Network Plan 29San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 30, 2010

Pump Yard Research APCD

Merced –

Coffee Standards/ Strategy SJV

APCD 060470003 Continuous Neighborhood Population

Parlier 060194001 Continuous Neighborhood Population Standards/ Strategy,

Research SJV

APCD

Shafter –

Walker

Street Standards/ Strategy,

Research 060296001 Continuous Neighborhood Population ARB

Standards/

Strategy Stockton –

Hazelton ARB 060771002 Continuous Neighborhood Population

Standards/ Strategy SJV

APCD Tracy – Airport 060773005 Continuous Neighborhood Population

Turlock -

Minaret Standards/ Strategy SJV

APCD 060990006 Continuous Neighborhood Population

Visalia -

Church Standards/ Strategy 061072002 Continuous Neighborhood Population ARB

1 Bakersfield – Golden was shut down for relocation in December 2009. The replacement site, Bakersfield-Muni, will begin reporting data in October 2010.

Sulfur Dioxide

Section 4.4 of Appendix D of 40 CFR Part 58 notes that there are no minimum requirements of the number of SO 2 monitoring sites. Th e Valley does not exceed

federal or state standards for SO 2 . There is just one SO 2 monitoring site in the Valley,

shown in Table 15.

Table 15 SO 2 Monitoring Station in the San Joaquin Valley As of June 1, 2010

Site Name Sampling AIRS Scale Site Type Objective Agency Frequency

Standards/ Strategy Fresno – 1 st 060190008 Continuous Neighborhood Population ARB

Lead

EPA revised the lead (Pb) NAAQS and monitori ng requirements in the Federal Register on November 12, 2008 (73 FR 66964 – 67062, c odified in 40 CFR 58.10). This would have required the District to install non-source oriented Pb monitors by January 1, 2011 in CBSAs that exceed a population of 500, 000: the Stockton, Mo desto, Fresno, and Bakersfield. However, in response to a petition for reconsideration, EPA proposed changes to the lead monitoring requirements in December 2009 (74 FR 69050-69059).

2010 Air Monitoring Network Plan 30San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 30, 2010

EPA has proposed replacing the 500,000-pop ulation-CBSA requirement with an approach utilizing NCore sites. The Distric t has thus suspended its previous lead monitoring plans. Once the proposed NCore-based lead monitoring approach is approved, EPA expects to require monitori ng agencies to commence lead sampling at NCore sites no later than January 1, 2011. ARB would then be required to begin operating a lead monitor at the Fres no-First NCore site by January 2011.

Also, EPA is proposing to change the source-oriented lead monitoring requirements, lowering the threshold from 1.0 tons per y ear (tpy) to 0.5 tpy. The Valley has no sources at the 1.0 tpy thre shold. EPA documentation s uggested that the Valley had one lead source at the 0.5 tpy threshold. However, this information was based on old emissions inventory information, and the Distric t has since determined that the source in question closed in 2003. Theref ore, neither the original source-oriented monitoring requirements nor the proposed ch anges affect the Valley.

Toxics

Airborne toxic substances are monitored by t he ARB at Bakersfield – California, Fresno

– 1 st Street, and Stockton – Hazelton. Peri odic, 24-hour samples are analyzed for the following gases: benzene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, ethylene dibromide, ethylene dichloride, methyl chloroform, me thylene chloride, perchloroethylene, toluene, trichloroethylene, and m-, p- , and o-xylene. The samples are also analyzed for the following particulate metals: arsenic and chromium-6. ARB’s Integrated NMOC sampling program and the District’s PAMS NMOC sampling program also identify and quantify several toxic hydr ocarbon species.

Green House Gases

ARB is installing Picarro multi-gas analyzers (CO2, CH4, and water vapor) and a Teledyne-API 300 EU (CO) analyzer at the Madera-Pump, Tranquillity, and Arvin sites as part of its Green House Gases (GHG) moni toring program. While the data will not be submitted to AQS at this time, the data will be used by ARB’s Research Division.

Meteorology

Data for a variety of meteorol ogical variables are collected to aid in daily forecasting for weather conditions and air quality, exceptio nal events, long-term planning, and pollutant trend assessment. These forecasting activi ties help protect public health and have made the public and media more aware of air quality and what can be done to reduce air pollution. See Table 16 for the meteorol ogical parameters measur ed in the Valley. Forecasting activities include:

2010 Air Monitoring Network Plan 31San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 30, 2010

• Reporting and forecasting the AQI for ozon e, PM2.5, and PM10 for each of the Valley’s eight counties. These fore casts are transferr ed to EPA’s AIRNOW.

• Agricultural burn emissions collection for more than 100 burn-zones.

• Issuance of Public Health Advisories and Health Cautionary Statements when required.

• Prescribed (controlled) burn planning in consultation with the California Department of Forestry, National Park Se rvice, National Forest Service and local

fire districts

• Residential wood burning declarations fr om November 1 through February 28

• Emergency consultations

NCore

EPA’s October 2006 ambient air monitoring amendments established a requirement for National Core (NCore) multi-pollutant monito ring stations. An NCore plan was to be submitted to EPA, and NCore stations mu st be operational by January 1, 2011. EPA

selected the Fresno-First Street air monitori ng station (operated by ARB) as an NCore

site.

ARB submitted an NCore plan to EPA in Nove mber 2009. Fresno-First Street already met NCore requirements for filter-based and continuous PM2.5, speciated PM2.5, ozone, and meteorology. To meet additional NCore require ments, ARB will be installing trace level CO, SO 2 , and NO y monitors at this site in 2010. ARB is also installing a gas dilution calibrator, a zero air generator , and digital data loggers to support NCore monitoring. NCore sites must also m easure PM10-2.5 mass and speciation, but EPA has not yet approved monitori ng methods for PM10-2.5.

2010 Air Monitoring Network Plan 32San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 30, 2010

2010 Air Monitoring Network Plan 33 Table 16 Meteorological Monitoring St ations in the San Joaquin Valley As of June 1, 2010

Site Wind Speed Wind

Direction Outdoor Temperature Relative Humidity Barometric

Pressure Solar

Radiation

Arvin X X X X X X

Bakersfield – California X X X X X X

Bakersfield – Muni 1 X X X X X X

Clovis – Villa X X X X X X

Corcoran – Patterson X X X X

Edison – Johnson X X X

Fresno – Drummond X X X X

Fresno – First X X X X X

Fresno – Sky Park X X X

Hanford X X X X

Huron X

Lebec X X X X

Madera – City X X X X X X

Madera – Pump Yard X X X X X X

Manteca X X X X

Maricopa – Stanislaus X X X X

Merced – Coffee X X X

Modesto – 14th X X X X

Oildale – Manor X X X

Parlier X X X X X X

Porterville X X X X

Santa Rosa Rancheria Unknown

Sequoia National Park

– Ash Mountain X X X X X

Sequoia National Park

– Kaweah X X X X X

Shafter – Walker Street X X X X X X

Stockton – Hazelton X X X X

Tracy – Airport X X X X

Tranquillity X X X X

Turlock – Minaret X X X X

Visalia – Church X X X X

Visalia - Airport X X X X X X

1 Bakersfield – Golden was shut down for relocation in December 2009. The replacement site, Bakersfield-Muni, will begin reporting data in October 2010.San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 30, 2010

Five-Year Monitoring Network Assessment

40 CFR 58.10(d) requires that the District perform a network assessment every five years, with the first assessment due in 2010. Th is assessment is to take a critical look at the air monitoring network and determine whether it is meeting all of EPA’s requirements. The District contracted with Sonoma Technology, Incorporated (STI) to review the air monitoring network, and STI’s fi ndings were used, in part, to fulfill EPA’s requirements for a network assessment as de scribed in the CFR. After considering STI’s review (described in more detail bel ow), the District finds that its monitoring

network meets all EP A’s requirements.

The assessment evaluated the following:

• Does the network meet the monito ring objectives defined in appendix D?

• Are any new sites needed?

• Whether existing sites are no longer needed and can be terminated?

• Whether new technologies are appropriate for incorporation into the ambient air monitoring network?

• Does the network support air quality charac terization for areas with relatively high populations of susceptible individuals?

• For any site proposed for discontinuance, does it have an effect on data users other than the agency?

• For PM2.5, are there needed cha nges to population-oriented sites?

• A copy of the 5-year assessment, along with a revised annual network plan needs to be submitted to EPA by July 1, 2010.

Does the network meet the monitori ng objectives defined in appendix D?

Yes, with the addition of the Porterville and the new site in San Joaquin County (Manteca) the District meets the monitoring objecti ves defined in appendix D.

Are any new sites needed?

EPA requirements are being met wit h existing and planned sites.

Whether existing sites are no longer needed and can be terminated?

There aren’t any sites that are redundant and should be termi nated. However, there is

no need for the CO monitors at Fresno-Dru mmond, Fresno-Sierra Sky Park, and the Turlock Air Monitoring sites because of the very low levels of CO measured in the District. The District is proposing to discontin ue measuring CO at t hese sites. See the

CO section for more details.

Whether new technologies are appropriate fo r incorporation into the ambient air monitoring network?

2010 Air Monitoring Network Plan 34San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 30, 2010

As time progresses, analyzers increase in sophistication and capabilities. When EPA changes the requirements or when the District replaces worn out equipment, we replace them with analyzers that have the most advanced and reliable technology. For instance we are replacing several older PM2.5 monito rs with real-time analyzers and we recently replaced two CO monitors with trace level CO monitors.

Does the network support air quality char acterization for areas with relatively high populations of su sceptible individuals?

Yes, the network supports air quality charac terization for areas with relatively high populations of susceptible individuals. The majority of the air monitoring sites are

located in areas of the hi ghest population density.

For any site proposed for discontinuance, does it have an effect on data users other than the agency?

The five-year network assessment is not pro posing to discontinue any sites. However,

the Bakersfield-Golden State Avenue site is being moved due to the widening of a nearby highway, and the Arvin site is being moved due to the termination of the lease agreement.

For PM2.5, are there needed cha nges to population-oriented sites?

The District will meet the EPA’s requirements fo r PM2.5 monitoring once the new site in San Joaquin County is completed. Currently, the District is planning to put the site in Manteca. In addition, the Dis trict is planning on installing a PM2.5 monitor at FresnoDrummond to run in parallel wit h the Fresno-Winery (Pacific Co llege) PM2.5 monitor. If

the District can determine that the two sites are equivalent, t hen the District proposes to shut down the Fresno-Winery site in order to streamline operations. If the sites are not equivalent, the District will remo ve the PM2.5 monitor at Fr esno-Drummond. Before we can do this, some infrastructure improvem ents are necessary at Fresno-Drummond. Furthermore, the new monitoring site in M adera will have a PM2.5 BAM FEM, as well as

a PM10 TEOM.

A copy of the five-year assessment, along with a revised annual network plan needs to be submitted to EPA by July 1, 2010.

A copy of the assessment performed by Sonoma Technology, Incorporated is attached to this report as Appendix C.

Additional Findings

STI did a thorough analysis of the air monitoring network, looking at many aspects of the network. They made many findings, so me of which were used to develop the responses above. Two major findings were that there are regional gaps in the air monitoring network not covered by monito ring requirements and t hat there is some

2010 Air Monitoring Network Plan 35San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 30, 2010

question whether the Parlier Ai r Monitoring Station is correctly designated as a PAMS type 3 site.

STI determined that there were large areas not represented by air monitoring stations and there were other places where met eorological stations (no air monitoring equipment, only meteorological m easurements) would be useful to have. Specifically the District should consider placing air quality monitors in the Los Banos area, northeast of Clovis (in the foothills), and between Co rcoran and Bakersfield. The idea of operating metrological only sites is novel. The places STI suggest, mainly at the foot of passes and other important me trological locations, would provide useful information in forecasting air pollution leve ls for today and tomorrow.

In a District as large as the SJV, locating a monitor at every place of interest is not possible. Air monitoring stati ons are expensive to build, ma intain, and operate. It takes significant staff time to run a site. Frequent ly, short-term funding is available for the

construction of an air monitori ng site, yet this still does not cover the long-term cost of its year-to-year operation. However, if permanent funding became available, covering both short-term and long-term costs, we would consider installing additional sites not required by the EPA.

The Parlier air monitoring site is classified as a PAMS type 3 site. This means that it is supposed to measure the downwind peak ozone values. STI found that the peak ozone readings in Fresno County mo ve around between Parlier, Fresno-Sierra Sky Park, Fresno-First, Fresno-Drummond, and Clovis monitors. This is due in part to the Fresno Eddy, a recirculation pattern that brings dow nwind air back up to the Fresno area. It can also mean that the downwind peak has moved further downwind and into the

foothills. The District needs to take a carefu l look at this and will do so during our next ozone SIP. SIPs require air pollution m odeling and the District will investigate where the downwind peak is located.

2010 Air Monitoring Network Plan 36San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 30, 2010

Summary of monitoring changes, January 2009 – July 2010

The Lebec monitoring station was initiated by the Tejon Ranch in 2004, and the District assumed responsibility for this site as of January 2009. This site allows the District to better understand pollution impacts in the sout hern San Emigdio Mountains. The site measures meteorological param eters and PM2.5. This SPM si te is used for residential wood burning declarations for the Greater Fr azier Park Area from November through February. This site started reporting to AQS in January 2010.

The District replaced an older PM2.5 SPM m onitor with a newer PM2.5 FEM monitor at

Bakersfield-Golden State Avenue on June 4, 2009. The District had been operating

both a filter-based FRM and the new continuous FEM as parallel monitors at Bakersfield-Golden (as well as Corcoran and Clovis) to improve understanding of differences in measurements, if any. Howe ver, the Bakersfield- Golden site was shut down in January 2010 for relocation due to adjacent highway construction. The expanded highway would invalidate EPA’s siting criteria.

The District’s Tranquillity monitoring site began operating in the four th quarter of 2009. This SPM site measures PM2.5, meteor ology, and ozone; and was established for research purposes, and not regulatory purposes.

The Hanford monitoring site was rebuilt due to safety and structural concerns of the previous shelter. The new site began repor ting meteorology in February 2010, and the ozone monitor that had been temporarily operat ing in Corcoran was returned to Hanford

at the same time. The District will al so be adding a PM10 TEOM, which will be replacing a filter-based PM10 monitor.

The Porterville site began reporting ozone, PM2.5, and meteorology in March 2010. With this site, the Visalia-Porterville CBSA now has two ozone monitors designed to report population exposures. It should be noted that the PM2.5 monitor in Porterville is non-regulatory.

As mentioned above, ARB is installing Picarro multi-gas analyzers (CO2, CH4, and water vapor) and a Teledyne-API 300 EU (CO) analyzer at the Madera-Pump, Tranquillity, and Arvin sites as part of it s Green House Gases (GHG) monitoring program. While the dat a will not be submitted to AQS at this time, the data will be used by ARB’s Research Division.

The District had planned to begin monitoring lead in 2010 to meet federal requirements. However, EPA proposed changes to the le ad monitoring requirements in December 2009 (74 FR 69050-69059). The District has thus suspended lead monitoring plans.

2010 Air Monitoring Network Plan 37San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 30, 2010

Summary of changes planned, July 2010 – December 2011

The Valley air monitoring network is conti nually being improved. As one overall change, the District will be replacing filter-based PM monitors wit h continuous, real-time PM2.5

and real-time PM10 monitors in the future, particula rly in rural areas. These monitors are more economically efficient than filter-based monitors and give the District more data for forecasting. Simultaneously, the District will be investigating to see how realtime data compares to filter-based data at sites with parallel monitoring.

The planned site-specific changes are described below.

Stockton CBSA/MSA

Stockton CBSA/MSA needs an additi onal PM2.5 monitor suitable for comparing to the NAAQS. The District has chosen Sierra Hig h School in Manteca for this site. The District posted a request for proposal (RFP) to solicit bids for site construction in March 2010. In response, the Governing Board of the SJVAPCD approved a contract in May

2010 with a contractor to construct this new site, which should be completed by the fourth quarter of 2010.

The District meets all other EPA monitoring requi rements for the other pollutants in this

CBSA.

Modesto CBSA/MSA

The District currently meets all EPA m onitoring requirements in this CBSA.

The District plans to improve its meteorologi cal equipment at the Turlock Air Monitoring Site by installing a meteorological tower by the third quarter of 2010.

Merced CBSA/MSA

The District currently meets all EPA m onitoring requirements in this CBSA.

Although the District had received not ice that the Merced-Coffee Street site had to be vacated by December 31, 2011, the District renegotiated the contract so the site can now remain through 2015. The District may relocate sooner, but there are no definite relocation plans at this time.

Madera CBSA/MSA

Madera CBSA/MSA needed an additional PM10 monitor suitable for comparing to the NAAQS, so the District built a new site in the County facility located at Avenue 14 and Road 28. The site will begin reporting for continuous PM10, ozone, PM2.5, and meteorology soon. The District may eventually seek permission from EPA to

2010 Air Monitoring Network Plan 38San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 30, 2010

consolidate the new Madera site with the Madera-Pump PAMS site, pending the comparability of the two sites’ oz one data for the next two years.

The District meets all other EPA monitoring requi rements for the other pollutants in this

CBSA.

Fresno CBSA/MSA

Recently planted vegetation on adj acent property may require the District to relocate the Sierra Skypark site sometime over the next few years. T here are no definite relocation plans at this time.

In addition, a NOy monitor will be added to the Pa rlier air monitoring site to comply with the latest regulation for PAMS Type 3 sites.

The District meets all other EPA monitoring requi rements for the other pollutants in this

CBSA.

Hanford-Corcoran CBSA/MSA

The District currently meets all EPA m onitoring requirements in this CBSA.

Visalia-Porterville CBSA/MSA

The District and NOAA are upgrading the Visa lia-Airport site lower air profiler with newer technology. This should be completed in 2010.

The District meets all other EPA monitoring requi rements for the other pollutants in this

CBSA.

Bakersfield CBSA/MSA

The Bakersfield Golden site had to be relo cated to due adjacent highway expansion. The District will complete the relocation to th e Bakersfield Municipal Airport by the end of 2010, if not sooner. This new site is abou t 790 meters (0.5 miles) away from ARB’s

Bakersfield-Planz site. The District will inve stigate the possibility of combining these sites after the data can be compared, but the combined site would have to meet both PAMS and PM2.5 siting criteria.

After the shutdown of the Bakersfield-Go lden site, the District requested ARB’s permission to temporarily operate a real time PM10 monitor at the Bakersfield-California site (06-029-0014). The sampler (a BAM PM 10 FEM) began to operate in March, and its

real-time data will contribute to the District’s production of more accurate daily AQI forecasting. When the relocation of the new site is completed, this BAM monitor will be

removed and the new site will continue PM10 monitoring with the established TEOM sampler.

2010 Air Monitoring Network Plan 39San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 30, 2010

The District is investigating the possibility of relocating the Lebec monitoring site to an area with a greater populat ion density. Howeve r, there are no final plans for relocation

at this time.

The Arvin monitoring site, operated by ARB, needs to be relocated due to an expired

lease. The site is scheduled to close at the completion of parallel ozone monitoring in the fall of 2010. The new site, Arvin-Di Giorgio is intended to become the long-term replacement for the Arvin-Bear Mountain Road site. In addition of moving all of the existing analyzers to the new site, ARB pl ans to install methane/CO2 and trace CO analyzers for special purpose monitoring.

In addition, a NOy monitor will be added to the Arvin air monitoring site to comply with the latest regulation for PAMS Type 3 sites.

The District meets all other EPA monitoring requi rements for the other pollutants in this

CBSA.

Other PM changes

The District is upgrading many of its f ilter-based FRM PM2.5 monitors to near continuous FEM (BAM-1020s) moni tors, where possible, to allow for both daily AQI reporting and comparisons to the NAAQS. Currently, the Distr ict is conducting parallel PM2.5 monitoring at Corcoran to evaluate the comparability of PM2.5 data from the two types of monitors for the SJV.

The District is also upgrading the PM10 monito ring network from filter-based monitors to real-time monitors. The upgrade brings impr oved temporal resolution to the District’s rigorous PM10 monitoring program. The upgr ade will also result in a cost savings through less staff travel time, less main tenance, and fewer filters to weigh.

Data Submission Requirements

Precision data are submitted to AQS on an ongoing basis each quarter as the data is uploaded into AQS. The accuracy data is s ubmitted into AQS by ARB based on their

scheduled audits.

The District submitted its 2009 dat a certification to the EPA. Annual certifications are due by May 1 of each year.

2010 Air Monitoring Network Plan 40San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 30, 2010

Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Initialisms

AIRS: Aerometric Information Retrieval System; replaced with AQS AQI: Air Quality Index AQS: Air Quality System

ARB: California Air Resources Board ARM: approved regional method

BAM: beta attenuation monitor

CAA: Clean Air Act

CBSA: Core-based statistical area CCOS: Central California Ozone Study CFR: Code of Federal Regulations CRPAQS: California Regional Particulate Air Quality Study

CO: Carbon Monoxide

CSA: Combined statistical area District: San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District

EBAM: environmental beta attenuation monitor EPA: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FEM: Federal Equivalent Method FIPS: Federal information processing standard FR: Federal Register

FRM: Federal Reference Method GHG: green house gases MSA: Metropolitan statistical area NAAQS: National Ambient Air Quality Standard

NCore: National Core NMHC: Non-methane hydrocarbons NMOC: non-methane organic carbons NO2: Nitrogen dioxide NOAA: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOx: oxides of nitrogen

NO y : reactive nitrogen

NPS: National Park Service

O3: ozone PAMS: Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Station

Pb: lead PM: particulate matter PM2.5: particulate matter 2.5 microns or less in diameter PM10: particulate matter 10 microns or less in diameter SLAMS: State and Local Air Monitoring Station SJV: San Joaquin Valley SJVAPCD: San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District SMS: Smoke Management System

SO2: Sulfur Dioxide SPM: Special Purpose Monitor STN: Speciated Trends Network TEOM: Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance TSP: total suspended particles Valley: San Joaquin Valley VOC: Volatile Organic Compounds

2010 Air Monitoring Network Plan 41San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 30, 2010

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2010 Air Monitoring Network Plan 42San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 30, 2010



### Appendix A: Monitoring Site Descriptions

Sites operated by the SJVAPCD

Bakersfield – Golden State Avenue; Bakersfield - Muni

Bakersfield – Golden was shut down fo r relocation in December 2009. The replacement site, Bakersfield-Muni, wil l begin reporting data in October 2010. Bakersfield, CA is located at the souther n end of the San Joaquin Valley with mountains to the east, west, and south. Because the mountains block or slow down air flow, pollutants can get trapped and build up in the ar ea. Pollutants occur locally and also get transported from upwind locations into the area by the wind. The Bakersfield-Muni monitoring site is operated by the SJVAPCD and is located in the Bakersfield, CA metropolitan area. Bakersfield-Muni is to begin operating in October 2010 to replace the Bakersfield-Golden site, which operated from June 1994 to December 2009. This site was established as a PAMS Type 2 site, sited to measure maximum ozone precursor emissions. In addition to ozone (S LAMS), the Golden site also monitored PM2.5, PM10, CO, NO2, NMOC, NMHC, and meteorology. The Muni site will monitor PM10 (FRM and TEOM, both SLAMS), PM2.5 (BAM, SPM) and meteorology. During the summer months, high temperatures and longer daylight hours contribute to increases in ozone during the day. In cont rast, ozone concentrations decrease at night with the absence of sunlight and the presence of NOx pollu tants, which scavenge the ozone. During the winter months, ozone concentrations decrease due to shorter daylight hours and lower temperatures. El evated PM2.5 concentrations are possible year round, but concentrations tend to be highest during the winter months due to moisture content in the air, wood burning activities, other anthropogenic activities, and atmospheric chemistry. PM2.5 concentra tions can also increase during wind blown dust events, when the wind can cause PM2.5 to become suspended in the air. On rare occasions, this region of the San Joaquin Va lley experiences wind events that can carry dust into the area or lift local dust particles into the air. Such events can cause PM10

concentrations to increase and some times exceed the NAAQS.

Clovis – N Villa Avenue Clovis, CA is located in the central part of the San Joaquin Valley with mountains to the

east and northeast. North-south air flow is vi rtually unobstructed. Pollutant emissions occur locally and are also transported from upwind and nearby locations into the area by the wind. The Clovis-Villa Avenue moni toring site is operated by SJVAPCD and is located in the northeastern portion of t he Fresno, CA metropo litan area. It began operating in September 1990. This site is a PAMS Type 2 site, a site intended to measure maximum ozone precursor emissions. In addition to ozone (SLAMS), the site also monitors PM2.5 (BAM FEM/SLAMS) , PM10 (FRM, SLAMS), CO, NO2, NMOC, NMHC, and meteorology. During the summer months, high temperatures and longer daylight hours contribute to increases in ozone during the day. In contrast, ozone concentrations decrease at night with the abs ence of sunlight and the presence of NOx pollutants, which scavenge the ozone. Duri ng the winter months, ozone concentrations tend to be lower due to shorter daylight hour s and lower temperatures. Elevated PM2.5 concentrations are possible year round, but concentrations tend to be highest during the

Appendix A: Air Monitoring Site Descriptions Draft Air Monitoring Network Plan A-1San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 30, 2010

winter months due to moisture content in the air, wood burning activities, other anthropogenic activities, and atmo spheric chemistry. PM2. 5 concentrations can also increase during wind events because the wi nd can cause PM2.5 to become suspended in the air. On rare occasions, this area of the San Joaquin Valley experiences wind events that can carry dust into the area or lif t local dust particles into the air. Such

events can cause PM10 concentrations to increase.

Corcoran – Patterson Avenue Corcoran, CA is located in the central part of the San Joaquin Valley with mountains to

the east and west. North-south air flow is vi rtually unobstructed. Pollutant emissions occur locally and also get transported from upwin d locations into the area by the wind. The Corcoran-Patterson monitoring site is operated by SJVAPCD and is located 67

miles south of the Fr esno, CA metropolitan area. It began operating in October 1996. The purpose of the site is to monitor repr esentative concentrations of PM10 (TEOM and FRM, both SLAMS) and PM 2.5 (FRM, SLAMS and a BAM SPM) responses from surrounding areas. This site also m onitors meteorology. Elevated PM2.5 concentrations are possible year round, but concentrations tend to be highest during the

winter months due to moisture content in the air, wood burning activities, other anthropogenic activities, and atmospheric chem istry. PM2.5 concentrations can also increase during wind events because the wind can cause PM2.5 to become suspended in the air. On rare occasions, this area of the San Joaquin Valley experiences wind events that can carry dust into the area or lif t local dust particles into the air. Such

events can cause PM10 concentrations to increase.

Fresno – Drummond St Fresno, CA is located in the central part of the San Joaquin Valley with mountains to the

east and west. North-south air flow is virt ually unobstructed. Pollutants occur locallyand also get transported from upwind locations into the area by the wind. The FresnoDrummond Street monitoring si te is operated by SJVAPCD and is located in the Fresno, CA metropolitan area. It began operating in Ju ly 1984. The purpose of the site is to monitor representative concentrations of hour ly ozone responses in an urban area. In addition to ozone (SLAMS), t he site also monitors PM10 (FRM, SLAMS), CO, NO2, and meteorology. During the summer months, hi gh temperatures and longer daylight hours contribute to increases in ozone during the day. In contrast, ozone concentrations decrease at night with the absence of sun light and the presence of NOx pollutants which scavenge the ozone. During the winter months, ozone concentrations tend to be lower due to shorter daylight hours and lower temperatures.

Fresno – Pacific Fresno, CA is located in the central part of the San Joaquin Valley with mountains to the

east and west. North-south air flow is virt ually unobstructed. Pollutants occur locallyand also get transported from upwind locations into the area by the wind. The FresnoPacific monitoring site is operated by SJ VAPCD and is located in the Fresno, CA metropolitan area. It began operat ing in January 2000. The pu rpose of the site is to monitor representative PM2.5 (FRM, SLAM S) concentrations in an urban area. Elevated PM2.5 concentrations are possible y ear round, but concentrations tend to be

Appendix A: Air Monitoring Site Descriptions Draft Air Monitoring Network Plan A-2San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 30, 2010

highest during the winter months due to mois ture content in the air, wood burning activities, other anthropogenic activities , and atmospheric chemistry. PM2.5 concentrations can also increase during wind events because the wind can cause PM2.5 to become suspended in the air. On rare occasions, this area of the San Joaquin Valley experiences wind ev ents that can carry dust in to the area or lift local dust particles into the air. Such events can cause PM10 concentrations to increase.

Fresno – Sky Park Fresno, CA is located in the central part of the San Joaquin Valley with mountains to the east and west. Pollutants occur locally and al so get transported from upwind locations into the area by the wind. The Fresno- Sky Park monitoring site is operated by SJVAPCD and is located in the Fresno, CA metropolitan area. It began operating in July 1986. The purpose of the site is to monitor representative concentrations of hourly ozone responses in an urban area. In addi tion to ozone (SLAMS), the site also monitors CO, NO2, and meteorology. Duri ng the summer months, high temperatures and longer daylight hours contribut e to increases in ozone during the day. In contrast, ozone concentrations decrease at night with the absence of sunlight and the presence of NOx pollutants which scavenge the oz one. During the winter months, ozone concentrations tend to be lower due to shorter daylight hours and lower te mperatures. .

Hanford – S Irwin St Hanford, CA is located in the central part of the San Joaquin Valley with mountains to

the east and west. North-south air flow is virtually unobstructed. Pollutants occur locally and also get transport ed from upwind locations into the area by the wind. The

Hanford-S Irwin Street monitoring site is operated by SJVAPCD and is located 51 miles south of the Fresno, CA me tropolitan area. The site began operating in October 1993 and was decommissioned in October 2007 due to plans to move it to a different part of

the S Irwin Street location. The purpose of the site is to monitor representative concentrations of hourly ozone, PM2.5, and PM10 (FRM and TEOM, both SLAMS) responses from upwind and nearby urban areas. The PM2.5 and ozone monitors were temporarily moved to Corcoran during site reconstruction. In February 2010, the

Hanford-S Irwin Street si te became operational once again, and the ozone (SLAMS) and PM2.5 (BAM, SLAMS) monitors returned to Hanford. During the summer months, high temperatures and longer daylight hours cont ribute to increases in ozone during the day. In contrast, ozone concentrations decr ease at night with the absence of sunlight and the presence of NOx pollutants which scavenge the ozone. During the winter months, ozone concentrations tend to be lo wer due to shorter daylight hours and lower temperatures. Elevated PM2.5 concentra tions are possible year round, but concentrations tend to be highest during the win ter months due to moisture content in the air, wood burning activities, other anthropogenic activities, and atmospheric chemistry. PM2.5 concent rations can also increase during wind events because the wind can cause PM2.5 to become suspended in the air. On rare occa sions, this area of the San Joaquin Valley experiences wind events that can carry dust into the area or lift local dust particles into the air. Such events can cause PM10 concentrations to

increase.

Appendix A: Air Monitoring Site Descriptions Draft Air Monitoring Network Plan A-3San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 30, 2010

Huron Huron, CA is located in southwestern Fresno County, and is about 40 miles southwest of Fresno, CA, with the coastal mountain range just to the wes t. North-south air flow is virtually unobstructed. This monitoring site was established in January 2007 in order to comply with Assembly Bill (AB) 841. This site currently only measures PM2.5 (SPM), as required by AB 841.

Lebec Lebec, CA is located in the southern-most portion of the San Joaquin Valley. The Lebec monitoring station was initiated by the Tejon Ranch in 2004, and the District assumed responsibility for this site as of January 2009. This site allows the District to better understand pollution impacts in the sout hern San Emigdio Mountains. The site measures meteorological parameters and PM 2.5 (SPM). This site will be used for general residential wood bur ning declarations for the Greater Frazier Park Area in the

future. The site is not yet reported on AQS.

Madera-City Madera, CA is located in t he northern part of the San J oaquin Valley with mountains to

the east and west. North-south air flow is virtually unobstruct ed. The Madera-City monitoring site is located closer to the city center of Mader a than the Madera-Pump Yard site. It will become operational in Ju ne 2010, and it is planned to measure ozone (SLAMS), PM2.5 (BAM FEM, SLAMS), PM10 (TEOM, SLAM S), and meteorology. This is a new monitoring site for the SJVAP CD, and so its air quality trends and characteristics are yet to be known. Ho wever, it is intended to measure down wind concentrations of the city of Madera which will provide needed information about the variability of air quality levels on the Valley floor of Madera County.

Madera – Pump Yard Madera, CA is located in t he northern part of the San J oaquin Valley with mountains to

the east and west. North-south air flow is virtually unobstructed. Pollutants occur locally but the wind also transports pollutants into the area from upwind locations. The Madera-Pump Yard Street monitoring site is operated by SJVAPCD and is located in the Madera, CA. It began operat ing in August 1997. This site was established as a PAMS Type 1 site, located in an area up wind of Fresno and not to be influenced by upwind or local ozone precursor emissions. In addition to ozone (SLAMS), this site also monitors CO, NMOC, NMHC, and meteorol ogy. During the summer months, high temperatures and longer daylight hours contri bute to increases in ozone during the day. In contrast, ozone concentrations decrease at night with the absence of sunlight and the presence of NOx pollutants which scavenge the ozone. During the winter months, ozone concentrations tend to be lower due to shorter daylight hours and lower temperatures.

Maricopa Maricopa, CA is located at the southern end of the San Joaquin Va lley with mountains to the east, west, and south. Because the mountains block or slow down air flow pollutants can get trapped and build up in the area. The Maricopa monitoring site is

Appendix A: Air Monitoring Site Descriptions Draft Air Monitoring Network Plan A-4San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 30, 2010

operated by the SJVAPCD and is located 45 mile s southwest of the Bakersfield, CA metropolitan area. It began operating in July 1987. The purpose of the site is to monitor representative concentrations of hourly ozone (SLAMS) in a rural area. The site also monitors meteorology. Duri ng the summer months, high temperatures and longer daylight hours contribute to increases in ozone during the day. In contrast, ozone concentrations decrease at night with the absence of sunlight and the presence of NOx pollutants which scavenge the oz one. During the winter months, ozone

concentrations tend to be lower due to shorte r daylight hours and lower temperatures.

Merced – Coffee Rd Merced, CA is located in the northern part of the San Joaquin Valley with mountains to

the east and west. North-south air flow is virtually unobstructed. Pollutants occur locally but the wind also transports pollutants into the area from upwind locations. The Merced-Coffee Street monitoring site is operated by SJVAPCD and is located in the Merced, CA. It began operating in October 1991. The purpose of the site is to monitor representative concentrations of hourly ozone (SLAMS) responses from upwind urban areas. The site also monitors PM2.5 ( SPM), NO2, and meteor ology. During the summer months, high temperatures and longer daylight hours contribute to increases in ozone during the day. In contrast, ozone concentrations decrease at night with the absence of sunlight and the presence of NOx pollutants which scavenge the ozone. During the winter months, ozone concentrations tend to be lower due to shorter daylight hours and lower temperatures.

Merced – M St Merced, CA is located in the northern part of the San Joaquin Valley with mountains to

the east and west. North-south air flow is virtually unobstructed. Pollutants occur locally but the wind also transports pollutants into the area from upwind locations. The Merced-M Street monitoring site is operated by SJVAPCD and is located in the Merced, CA. It began operating in April 1999. T he purpose of the site is to monitor representative concentrations of PM2. 5 (FRM, SLAMS) and PM10 (FRM, SLAMS) responses from upwind urban areas. Elevat ed PM2.5 concentrations are possible year round, but concentrations tend to be highest dur ing the winter months due to moisture content in the air, wood burning acti vities, other anthropogenic activities, and atmospheric chemistry. PM2.5 concentra tions can also increase during wind events

because the wind can cause PM2.5 to becom e suspended in the air. Occasionally, wind will carry dust across the city and caus e PM10 concentrations to increase, but

PM10 exceedances are rare.

Parlier Parlier, CA is located in the central part of the San Joaquin Valley with mountains to the

east and west. North-south air flow is virt ually unobstructed. Pollutants occur locally and also get transported from upwind locations into the area by the wind. The Parlier monitoring site is operated by SJVAPCD an d is located 20 miles southeast of the Fresno, CA metropolitan area. It began operating in March 1 983. The purpose of the site, as a PAMS Type 3 site, is to moni tor maximum ozone concentrations (SLAMS) and ozone responses from upwind urban areas. The site also monitors NO2, NMOC,

Appendix A: Air Monitoring Site Descriptions Draft Air Monitoring Network Plan A-5San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 30, 2010

NMHC, and meteorology. During the summer months, high temperatures and longer daylight hours contribute to increases in ozone during the day. In contrast, ozone concentrations decrease at night with the abs ence of sunlight and the presence of NOx pollutants which scavenge the ozone. During the winter months, ozone concentrations tend to be lower due to shorter daylig ht hours and lower temperatures.

Porterville Porterville, CA is located in the souther n part of the San Joaquin Valley near the

foothills of the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the east. This is a new monitoring site for the SJVAPCD, and so its air quality trends and char acteristics are yet to be known. It is approximately 25 miles southeast of Visalia, CA, and so transport of pollutants from Visalia towards Porterville is possible. This site will measure ozone (SLAMS), PM2.5 (BAM, SPM), and meteorology. This site will r epresent air quality levels present near the

foothills of the southern Valle y and will give the district an indication of exposure of pollutants to the local population.

Stockton – Wagner - Holt School Stockton, CA is located in the northern part of the San Joaquin Valley with mountains to

the east and west. North-south air flow is virtually unobstructed. Pollutants occur locally but the wind also transports pollutant s into the area from upwind locations or through the Sacramento Delta from the Bay Area. The Stockton-Wagner-Holt School monitoring site is operated by SJVAPCD an d is located in the Stockton, CA metropolitan area. It began operat ing in October 1996. The pu rpose of the site is to monitor representative concentrations of PM10 (FRM, SLAMS) in an urban area. Occasionally, wind will carry dust across t he city and cause PM10 concentrations to increase, but PM10 exceedances are rare.

Tracy Airport Tracy, CA is located in the northern part of the San Joaquin Valley with mountains to

the east and west. North-south air flow is virtually unobstructed. Pollutants occur locally but the wind also transports pollutant s into the area from upwind locations or through the Sacramento Delta from the Bay Area. The Tracy Airport monitoring site is operated by SJVAPCD and is located in Tracy, CA. It began operating in January 2005. The purpose of the site is to monitor tr ansport of ozone (SLAMS), PM2.5 (BAM, SPM), and PM10 (TEOM, SLAMS) fr om upwind and nearby urban areas. The site also monitors NO2 and meteorology. During t he summer months, high temperatures and longer daylight hours contribute to increases in ozone during the day. In contrast, ozone concentrations decrease at night with the absence of sunlight and the presence of NOx pollutants which scavenge the oz one. During the winter months, ozone

concentrations tend to be lower due to shor ter daylight hours and lower temperatures. Elevated PM2.5 concentrations are possible y ear round, but concentrations tend to be highest during the winter months due to mois ture content in the air, wood burning activities, other anthropogenic activities, and atmospheric chem istry. PM2.5 concentrations can also increase during wind events because the wind can cause PM2.5 to become suspended in the air. Occasionally, wind will carry dust across the city and cause PM10 concentrations to increas e, but PM10 exceedances are rare.

Appendix A: Air Monitoring Site Descriptions Draft Air Monitoring Network Plan A-6San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 30, 2010

Tranquillity Tranquillity, CA is located in western Fr esno County, and is about 25 miles west of Fresno, CA, with the coastal m ountain range just to the wes t. North-south air flow is virtually unobstructed. This monitoring site was established in November 2009 for research purposes, in an effort to better understand the Valley’s background and rural pollutant concentrations. This site measures ozone (SPM), PM2.5 (BAM, SPM) and meteorological parameters.

Turlock – S Minaret St Turlock, CA is located in the northern par t of the San Joaquin Valley with mountains to

the east and west. North-south air flow is virtually unobstructed. Pollutants occur locally but the wind also transports pollutant s into the area from upwind locations or through the Sacramento Delta from the Bay Area. The Turlock-Minaret Street monitoring site is operated by SJVAPCD and is located in the Turlock, CA. It began operating in April 1992. The purpose of the site is to monitor representative concentrations of hourly ozone (SLAMS), PM2.5 (BAM FEM, SLAMS), and PM10 (FRM, SLAMS) responses from upwind urban areas. The site also monitors CO, NO2, and meteorology. During the summer months , high temperatures and longer daylight

hours contribute to increases in ozone during the day. In contrast, ozone concentrations decrease at night with the absenc e of sunlight and the presence of NOx pollutants which scavenge the ozone. During the winter months, ozone concentrations tend to be lower due to shorter daylight hour s and lower temperatures. Elevated PM2.5 concentrations are possible year round, but concentrations tend to be highest during the

winter months due to moisture content in the air, wood burning activities, other anthropogenic activities, and atmo spheric chemistry. PM 2.5 concentrations can also increase during wind events because the wind can cause PM2.5 to become suspended in the air. Occasionally , wind will carry dust acro ss the city and cause PM10 concentrations to increase, but PM10 exceedances are rare.

Visalia – Airport Visalia, CA is located where the central and southern parts of the San Joaquin Valley meet. The Sierra Nevada mountain range is approximately 20 miles east of Visalia. North-south air flow is virtually unobstructed. The Visalia-Airport monitoring site is operated by SJVAPCD and serves as a wind profiler monitoring surface wind speed and wind direction. It also monitors air temperat ure, and relative humidity at the surface. It began reporting official meteorological data in January 2001. Meteorological parameters have a direct influence on how and where pollutants are transported and how much pollutant concentrations increase or decrease.

Appendix A: Air Monitoring Site Descriptions Draft Air Monitoring Network Plan A-7San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 30, 2010

Sites Operated by the ARB

Arvin Arvin, CA is located at the southern end of the San Joaquin Valley with mountains to the east, west, and south. Because the mountains block or slow down air flow pollutants can get trapped and build up in the area. Pollutants occur locally and also get transported from upwind locations into the ar ea by the wind. The Arvin monitoring site is operated by the CARB and is located 24 miles southeast of the Bakersfield, CA metropolitan area. It began oper ating in June 1989. The purpose of the site, as a PAMS Type 3 site (SLAMS), is to monitor maximum ozone c oncentrations and transport from upwind urban areas. The site al so monitors NO2, NMOC, NMHC, and meteorology. During the summer months, hi gh temperatures and longer daylight hours contribute to increases in ozone during the day. In contrast, ozone concentrations decrease at night with the absence of sun light and the presence of NOx pollutants which scavenge the ozone. During the winte r months, ozone concentrations decrease due to shorter daylight hours and lower temperat ures. Pollutants o ccur locally and also get transported into the area by wind.

Bakersfield – Plantz/Airport Bakersfield, CA is located at the souther n end of the San Joaquin Valley with mountains to the east, west, and south. Because the mountains block or slow down air flow pollutants can get trapped and build up in the ar ea. Pollutants occur locally and also get transported from upwind locations into the area by the wind. The Bakersfield-Airport monitoring site is operated by CARB and is loca ted 6 miles north of the Bakersfield, CA metropolitan area. It began operating in Septem ber 2000. The purpose of the site is to monitor representative concentrations of PM2.5 (FRM, SLAM S) from upwind and nearby urban areas. Elevat ed PM2.5 concentrations are possible year round, but concentrations tend to be highest during the win ter months due to moisture content in the air, wood burning activities, other anthropogenic activities, and atmospheric chemistry. PM2.5 conc entrations can also increase during wind events because the

wind can cause PM2.5 to becom e suspended in the air.

Bakersfield – California Bakersfield, CA is located at the souther n end of the San Joaquin Valley with mountains to the east, west, and south. Because the mountains block or slow down air flow pollutants can get trapped and build up in the ar ea. Pollutants occur locally and also get transported from upwind locations into the area by the wind. The Bakersfield-California monitoring site is operated by CARB and is located in the Bakersfield, CA metropolitan area. It began operating in March 1994. The purpose of the site is to monitor representative concentrations of hourly and daily ozone (SLAMS), PM10 (FRM and BAM FEM, both SLAMS), and PM 2.5 (FRM and BAM FEM, bother SLAMS) responses

in an urban area. The site also monito rs NO2 and meteorology. During the summer months, high temperatures and longer daylight hours contribute to increases in ozone during the day. In contrast, ozone concentrati ons decrease at night with the absence of sunlight and the presence of NOx pollutants which scavenge the ozone. Elevated

Appendix A: Air Monitoring Site Descriptions Draft Air Monitoring Network Plan A-8San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 30, 2010

PM2.5 concentrations are possible year r ound, but concentrations tend to be highest during the winter months due to moisture c ontent in the air, wood burning activities, other anthropogenic activities, and atmospheric chemistry. PM2.5 concentrations can also increase during wind events because the wind can cause PM2.5 to become suspended in the air.

Edison Edison, CA is located at the southern end of the San Joaquin Valley with mountains to the east, west, and south. Because the mo untains block or slow down air flow pollutants can get trapped and build up in the ar ea. Pollutants occur locally and also get transported from upwind locations into the ar ea by the wind. The Edison monitoring site is operated by CARB and is located 9 miles east of the Bakersfield, CA metropolitan area. It began operating in January 1980. The purpose of the site is to monitor representative concentrations of hourly ozone (SLAMS) from upwind and nearby urban

areas. The site also monitors NO2 and me teorology. During the summer months, high temperatures and longer daylight hours contri bute to increases in ozone during the day. In contrast, ozone concentrations decrease at night with the absence of sunlight and the presence of NOx pollutants which scavenge the ozone. During the winter months,

ozone concentrations decrease due to shorter daylight hours and lower temperatures.

Fresno – First St Fresno, CA is located in the central part of the San Joaquin Valley with mountains to the

east and west. North-south air flow is virt ually unobstructed. Pollutants occur locallyand also get transported from upwind locations into the area by the wind. The FresnoFirst monitoring site is operated by CARB and is located in the Fresno, CA metropolitan area. It began operating in January 1990. The purpose of the site is to monitor representative concentrations of hourly oz one (SLAMS), PM2.5 (FRM and BAM, both SLAMS), and PM10 (FRM and BAM, both SLAMS) responses in an urban area. The site also monitors CO, NO2, SO2, NMOC, NMHC, toxics, and meteorology. During the summer months, high temperatures and longer daylight hours contribute to increases in ozone during the day. In contrast, ozone concentrations decrease at night with the absence of sunlight and the presence of NOx pollutants which scavenge the ozone. During the winter months, ozone concentrations tend to be lower due to shorter daylight hours and lower temperatures. Elevated PM2.5 concentration s are possible year round, but concentrations tend to be highest during t he winter months due to moisture content in the air, wood burning activities, other anthropogenic activities, and atmospheric chemistry. PM2.5 concent rations can also increase during wind events because the wind can cause PM2.5 to become suspended in the air. On rare occa sions, this area of the San Joaquin Valley experiences wind events that can carry dust into the area or lift local dust particles into the air. Such events can cause PM10 concentrations to

increase.

Modesto – 14 th St Modesto, CA is located in the northern part of the San Joaquin Valley with mountains to

the east and west. North-south air flow is virtually unobstructed. Pollutants occur locally but the wind also transports pollutant s into the area from upwind locations or

Appendix A: Air Monitoring Site Descriptions Draft Air Monitoring Network Plan A-9San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 30, 2010

through the Sacramento Delta from the Bay Area. The Modesto-14 th Street monitoring site is operated by CARB and is located in the Modesto, CA metropolitan area. It began operating in January 1981. The purpose of t he site is to monitor representative concentrations of hourly ozone (SLAMS), PM2.5 (FRM and BAM, both SLAMS), and PM10 (FRM, SLAMS)responses in local and upwind urban areas. The site also monitors CO and meteorology. During t he summer months, high temperatures and longer daylight hours contribute to increases in ozone during the day. In contrast, ozone concentrations decrease at night with the absence of sunlight and the presence of NOx pollutants which scavenge the oz one. During the winter months, ozone

concentrations tend to be lower due to shor ter daylight hours and lower temperatures. Elevated PM2.5 concentrations are possible y ear round, but concentrations tend to be highest during the winter months due to mois ture content in the air, wood burning activities, other anthropogenic activities, and atmospheric chemistry. PM2.5 concentrations can also increase during wind events because the wind can cause PM2.5 to become suspended in the air. Occasionally, wind will carry dust across the city and cause PM10 concentrations to increas e, but PM10 exceedances are rare.

Oildale Oildale, CA is located at the southern end of the San Joaquin Valley with mountains to the east, west, and south. Because the mo untains block or slow down air flow pollutants can get trapped and build up in the ar ea. Pollutants occur locally and also get transported from upwind locations into the ar ea by the wind. The Oildale monitoring site is operated by CARB and is located 6 mile s north of Bakersfield, CA within the metropolitan area. It began operat ing in January 1980. The pur pose of the site is to monitor representative concentrations of hourly ozone (SLAMS) responses and PM10 (FRM, SLAMS)(every 6 days) in an urban area. The site also monitors meteorology. During the summer months, high temperatures and longer daylight hours contribute to increases in ozone during the day. In cont rast, ozone concentrations decrease at night with the absence of sunlight and the presence of NOx pollutants which scavenge the ozone. Not only does the metropolitan area gener ate its own pollution, it is also the recipient of pollutants that get transported by wind. On rare occasions, this area of the San Joaquin Valley experiences wind events that can carry dust into the area or lift local dust particles into the air. Such events can cause PM10 concentrations to increase.

Shafter Shafter, CA is located at the southern end of the San Joaquin Valley with mountains to the east and west, and 58 miles to the south. Because the mountains to the south are further away, southward air flow is less obs tructed through Shafter so pollutant build-up is less pronounced compared to Bakersfield and the towns further south. Pollutants occur locally and wind can transport pollutant s into and through Shafter from nearby and upwind areas. The Shafter monitoring site is operated by CARB and is located 18 miles northwest of the Bakersfield, CA metropolitan area. It began operating in January

1989. This site was established as a PAM S Type 1 site (SLAMS), located in an area upwind of Bakersfield and not to be infl uenced by upwind or local ozone precursor emissions. The site also monitors NO2, NMOC, NMHC, and meteorology. During the summer months, high temperatures and longer daylight hours contribute to increases in

Appendix A: Air Monitoring Site Descriptions Draft Air Monitoring Network Plan A-10San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 30, 2010

ozone during the day. In contrast, ozone concentrations decrease at night with the absence of sunlight and the presence of NOx pollutants which scavenge the ozone. Being located upwind of Bakersfield, the Shafter site tends to have lower ozone concentrations than does the metropolitan area to the south.

Stockton – Hazelton Stockton, CA is located in the northern part of the San Joaquin Valley with mountains to

the east and west. North-south air flow is virtually unobstructed. Pollutants occur locally but the wind also transports pollutant s into the area from upwind locations or through the Sacramento Delta from the Bay Area. The Stockton-Hazelton monitoring site is operated by CARB and is located in the Stockton, CA metropolitan area. It began operating in June 1976. The purpose of t he site is to monitor representative concentrations of ozone (SLAMS), PM2. 5 (BAM and FRM, bot h SLAMS), and PM10 (FRM, SLAMS) in an urban area. The site also monitors CO, NO2, toxics, and meteorology. During the summer months, high temperatures and longer daylight hours contribute to increases in ozone during the day. In contrast, ozone concentrations decrease at night with the absence of sun light and the presence of NOx pollutants which scavenge the ozone. During the winter m onths, ozone concentrations tend to be lower due to shorter daylight hours and lower temperatures. Elevated PM2.5 concentrations are possible year round, but concentrations tend to be highest during the

winter months due to moisture content in the air, wood burning activities, other anthropogenic activities, and atmospheric chem istry. PM2.5 concentrations can also increase during wind events because the wind can cause PM2.5 to become suspended in the air. On rare occasions, wind wil l carry dust across the city and cause PM10 concentrations to increase, but PM10 exceedances are rare.

Visalia – Church Visalia, CA is located where the central and southern parts of the San Joaquin Valley meet. The Sierra Nevada mountain range is approximately 20 miles ea st of Visalia. North-south air flow is virtually unobstruct ed. Pollutants occur locally and also get transported from upwind locations into the ar ea by the wind. The Visalia monitoring site is operated by SJVAPCD. It began operati ng in July 1979. The purpose of the site is to monitor representative concentrati ons of hourly ozone (SLAMS), PM2.5 (BAM and FRM, both SLAMS), and PM10 (FRM, SLAMS) responses from upwind and nearby

urban areas. The site also monitors NO2 and meteorology. During the summer months, high temperatures and longer daylight hours c ontribute to increases in ozone during the day. In contrast, ozone concentrations decr ease at night with the absence of sunlight and the presence of NOx pollutants which scavenge the ozone. During the winter months, ozone concentrations tend to be lo wer due to shorter daylight hours and lower temperatures. Elevated PM2.5 concent rations are possible year round, but concentrations tend to be highest during the win ter months due to moisture content in the air, wood burning activities, other anthropogenic activities, and atmospheric chemistry. PM2.5 concent rations can also increase during wind events because the wind can cause PM2.5 to become suspended in the air. On rare occasions, wind will carry dust across the city and cause PM10 concentrations to increase, but PM10

exceedances are rare.

Appendix A: Air Monitoring Site Descriptions Draft Air Monitoring Network Plan A-11San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 30, 2010

Special Purpose Monitoring Sites

Sequoia National Park – Ash Mountain The Ash Mountain monitoring station is oper ated by Sequoia National Forest and is

located at the southern entranc e of Sequoia National Park at a 1,500-foot elevation. It originally began operating in 1985, though the site has been relocated several times over the years. The site demonstrates the h ourly ozone (SPM) response in the foothills. The site also monitors PM2.5 (BAM, SPM ) and meteorology. On summer days, ozone and precursors can be transported to Ash Mountain from other locations. At this location, there are significantly lower hourly emissions of NOx as compared to urban areas such as Bakersfield, or Fresno, CA. The amount of available NOx at Ash Mountain to scavenge the ozone is much lower. Because the ozone scavenging at Ash

Mountain is much less than the ozone scave nging in urban areas, Ash Mountain can experience elevated ozone concentrations for a 24-hour period during ozone episodes. Since the ozone concentration is already fair ly high at dawn, only a relatively small

amount of additional ozone can cause levels in the atmosphere to exceed federal

standards.

Sequoia National Park – Lower Kaweah The Lower Kaweah monitoring station is ope rated by Sequoia National Forest and is

located at the southern entranc e of Sequoia National Park at a 6,200-foot elevation. It began operating in April 1987. The site demonstrates the hourly ozone (SPM) response

in a rural area. The site also monito rs meteorology. On summer days, ozone and precursors can be transported to Ash Mountain from other loca tions. At this location, there are significantly lower hourly emission s of NOx as compared to urban areas such as Bakersfield, or Fresno, CA. The amount of available NOx at Lower Kaweah to scavenge the ozone is much lower. Becaus e the ozone scavenging at Lower Kaweah is much less than the ozone scavenging in urban areas, Lower Kaweah can experience elevated ozone concentrations for a 24-hour period during ozone episodes. Since the ozone concentration is already fairly high at dawn, only a relatively small amount of

additional ozone can cause levels in the atmosphere to exceed federal standards.

Sequoia National Forest – Springville and Pinehurst The Springville and Pinehurst monitoring st ations are permanent sites operated by Sequoia National Forest. They are located at the southern end of th e Sierra Nevada at 1,432-foot and 4,985 foot elevations respectively. Sequoia National Forest also operates nine additional portable monitors that are moved to different locations as needed. The Springville and Pinehurst sites demonstrate hourly ozone and PM2.5 responses in rural areas. The SJVAPCD uses these sites for informational purposes when smoke impacts are occurring in comm unities due to wildfires or prescribed burning projects.

Appendix A: Air Monitoring Site Descriptions Draft Air Monitoring Network Plan A-12San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 30, 2010

Other Sites

Santa Rosa Rancheria

Santa Rosa Rancheria is Tribal land locate d in the central portion of the San Joaquin Valley in Lemoore, CA. It is 13 miles s outhwest of Hanford, CA and 39 miles south of the Fresno, CA metropolitan area. The Diablo Mountain Range is approximately 27

miles east of Santa Rosa Rancheria. North- south air flow is virtually unobstructed. Pollutants occur locally and wi nd transports pollutants into and through the site from nearby and upwind urban areas as well. The S anta Rosa Rancheria monitoring site is operated by the Tachi-Yokut tribe. It began operating in August 2006. The purpose of the site is to monitor representative conc entrations of hourly ozone (SPM) and PM10 responses from upwind and nearby urban areas . During the summer months, high temperatures and longer daylight hours contri bute to increases in ozone during the day. In contrast, ozone concentrations decrease at night with the absence of sunlight and the presence of NOx pollutants whic h scavenge the ozone. On rare occasions, this area of the San Joaquin Valley experiences wind events that can carry dust into the area or lift local dust particles into the air. Such events can cause PM10 concentrations to

increase.

Appendix A: Air Monitoring Site Descriptions Draft Air Monitoring Network Plan A-13San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 30, 2010

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Appendix A: Air Monitoring Site Descriptions Draft Air Monitoring Network Plan A-14