Annual Energy Review 2004

The Annual Energy Review (AER) is the Energy Information Administration's (EIA)

primary report of annual historical energy statistics. For many series, data begin withthe year 1949. Included are data on total energy production, consumption, and trade;overviews of petroleum, natural gas, coal, electricity, nuclear energy, renewable

energy, international energy, as well as financial and environment indicators; anddata unit conversion tables.Publication of this report is required under Public Law 95–91 (Department ofEnergy Organization Act), Section 205(c), and is in keeping with responsibilitiesgiven to the EIA under Section 205(a)(2), which states:

“The Administrator shall be responsible for carrying out a central,comprehensive, and unified energy data and information program

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Annual Energy Review 200

August 2005

Energy Information Administration

Office of Energy Markets and End Use

U.S. Department of Energy

Washington, DC 20585

This report was prepared by the Energy Information Administration, the independent statistical andanalytical agency within the U.S. Department of Energy. The information contained herein should be

attributed to the Energy Information Administration and should not be construed as advocating or reflecting any policy of the Department of Energy or any other organization.

Contacts

The Annual Energy Review (AER) is prepared by the Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Integ

Domestic Energy Statistics Team, under the direction of Katherine E. Seiferlein, 202-586-5695 (kitty.seiferlein@eia.doe.gov). Questions a

be referred to Leigh Carleton, 202-586-1132 (leigh.carleton@eia.doe.gov), the National Energy Information Center, 202-586-8800 (infocting subject specialists:

1. Energy Overview....................................... Leigh Carleton leigh.carleton@eia.doe.gov 

2. Energy Consumption by Sector

Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey................ Robert Adler robert.adler@eia.doe.gov 

Residential Energy Consumption Survey................... Robert Latta robert.latta@eia.doe.gov 

Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.......... Joelle Michaels joelle.michaels@eia.doe.gov 

3. Financial Indicators

Financial Reporting System............................. Greg Filas greg.filas@eia.doe.gov 

4. Energy Resources

Petroleum and Natural Gas.............................. Robert F. King robert.king@eia.doe.gov Coal................................................ Richard F. Bonskowski richard.bonskowski@eia.doe.go

Uranium............................................ Douglas C. Bonnar douglas.bonnar@eia.doe.gov 

5. Petroleum............................................. Michael Conner michael.conner@eia.doe.gov 

Prices.............................................. Elizabeth K. Scott elizabeth.scott@eia.doe.gov 

6. Natural Gas........................................... Joseph Conklin joseph.conklin@eia.doe.gov 7. Coal.................................................. Paulette Young paulette.young@eia.doe.gov 

8. Electricity............................................. Stan Kaplan stan.kaplan@eia.doe.gov 

9. Nuclear Energy........................................ John R. Moens john.moens@eia.doe.gov 

10. Renewable Energy...................................... Louise Guey-Lee louise.guey-lee@eia.doe.gov 

11. International Energy.................................... Michael J. Grillot michael.grillot@eia.doe.gov 

12. Environmental Indicators

Greenhouse Gases..................................... Stephen E. Calopedis stephen.calopedis@eia.doe.gov Environmental Equipment.............................. Natalie Ko natalie.ko@eia.doe.gov 

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

The Annual Energy Review 2004 is packed with numbers. Among many noteworthy numbers, preliminary data for 2004 indicate that U.S. energy consumption,

when rounded to whole numbers, reached 100 quadrillion British thermal units(Btu) for the first time in history.What does 100 “quads” mean? Strictly speaking, it is 100 quadrillion(100,000,000,000,000,000) units of energy. There are many ways of looking at anumber that big. One is to compare it to the previous year’s value and note that U.S.energy use increased by more than 1 percent between 2003 and 2004. Another is toevaluate it from a long-term perspective. For example, 100 quads is more thantriple the amount consumed in 1949, double that of 1963, and about one third morethan the amount consumed in 1973.While U.S. total energy consumption expanded rapidly over the decades, we seesomething different when we look at per capita usage. One hundred quads translateinto 340 million Btu per person, a rate 5 percent lower than the level recorded in1973. Looking back further, we see that while the Nation more than doubled itstotal usage of energy from 1960 to 2004, the amount used per person grew only 35percent despite the many energy-dependent products that Americans incorporatedinto their lives during those years. Another way to view 100 quads of consumption is to compare it to other activities.Preliminary data show that while the Nation consumed 100 quads of energy in2004, it produced only 70 quads. The shortfall between production and consumption was met by buying and importing energy from other countries.The 100 quads of consumption can also be sliced into components: 40 percentpetroleum, 23 percent natural gas, 22 percent coal, 8 percent nuclear electric power,and 6 percent renewable energy. And it can be broken down into the sectors where

it flowed for final consumption: 33 percent industpercent residential, and 18 percent commercial.And, finally, 100 quads happens to be the low end 

that were presented by the Ford Foundation1 in 19

in the year 2000. The Foundation’s three major sc100, 118, and 187 quads, depending on the annuation, the makeup of the U.S. economy, and the apcies in the use of energy. With the benefit of energy consumption levels in recent years came in out three decades ago by the Ford Foundation expask what possible outcomes can we now expect in the prospects for significant change in our patteyears? The Annual Energy Review 2004 provides the history and considering what the Nation’s energy fAnalysts may access the data in this rhttp://www.eia.doe.gov/aer. EIA continually updathe most recent years, as better data become availamend the Monthly Energy Review at http://www.eto examine EIA’s future energy scenarios, which athis report, we suggest the Ann

http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/aeo.

1 Ford Foundation, Energy Policy Project, A Tim

Future (Cambridge, MA: Ballinger Publishing Com

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Preface

Contents

Energy Perspectives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sections

1. Energy Overview...........................................................................................2. Energy Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Financial Indicators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Energy Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. Petroleum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. Natural Gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. Coal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. Nuclear Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

10. Renewable Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11. International Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12. Environmental Indicators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Appendices

A. Thermal Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

B. Metric and Other Physical Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. U.S. Census Regions and Divisions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

D. Population, U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and Implict Price Deflator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

E. Estimated Energy Consumption in the United States, 1635-1945. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diagrams

1. Energy Flow, 2004..........................................................................................2. Petroleum Flow, 2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Natural Gas Flow, 2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Coal Flow, 2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. Electricity Flow, 2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 
1. Energy Overview

1.1 Energy Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2004...............................................................

1.2 Energy Production by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2004.....................................................1.3 Energy Consumption by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2004...................................................1.4 Energy Imports, Exports, and Net Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Emissions Indicators, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 State-Level Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, 2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

1.7 Heating Degree-Days by Month, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 Cooling Degree-Days by Month, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 Heating Degree-Days by Census Division, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

1.10 Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

1.11 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency, Fiscal Years 1975-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

1.12 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Source, Fiscal Years 1975-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.13 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency and Source, Fiscal Years 1994 and 2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.14 Fossil Fuel Production on Federally Administered Lands, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.15 Fossil Fuel Consumption for Nonfuel Use, 1980-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2. Energy Consumption by Sector

2.1a Energy Consumption by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1b Residential Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1c Commercial Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2.1d Industrial Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2.1e Transportation Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2.1f Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Manufacturing Consumption of Energy for All Purposes, 2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2.3 Manufacturing Inputs for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation by End Use, 2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2.4 Household Energy Consumption by Census Region, Selected Years, 1978-2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures by End Use and Energy Source, Selected Years, 1978-2001. . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 Households With Selected Appliances and Types of Main Heating Fuel, Selected Years, 1978-2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 Type of Heating in Occupied Housing Units, Selected Years, 1950-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Rates, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 Commercial Buildings Consumption by Energy Source, Selected Years, 1979-1999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.10 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditure Indicators, Selected Years, 1979-1999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.11 Commercial Buildings Electricity Consumption by End Use, 1999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3. Financial Indicators

3.1 Fossil Fuel Production Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3.2 Value of Fossil Fuel Production, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by Source, 1970-2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 1970-2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3.5 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by Source, 1970-2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 1970-2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3.7 Value of Fossil Fuel Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Tablesviii Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004
3. Financial Indicators (continued)

3.8 Value of Fossil Fuel Exports, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3.9 Value of Fossil Fuel Net Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Domestic Production and Refining, 1974-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.11 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Net Income, 1974-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.12 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Profitability, 1974-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.13 U.S. Energy Activities by Foreign-Affiliated Companies, 1978-2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3.14 Companies Reporting to the Financial Reporting System, 1974-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4. Energy Resources

4.1 Technically Recoverable Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Resource Estimates, 2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Field Counts, Cumulative Production, Proved Reserves, and Proved Ultimate Recovery, 1974.3 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Proved Reserves, Selected Years, 1949-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Rotary Rigs in Operation, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Development Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 Costs of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Wells Drilled, 1960-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Gross Additions to Proved Reserves, and Exploration

 and Development Expenditures, 1974-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Expenditures for Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploration and Development by Region, 1

4.11 Coal Demonstrated Reserve Base, January 1, 2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.12 Uranium Exploration and Development Drilling, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.13 Uranium Reserves and Resources, 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5. Petroleum

5.1 Petroleum Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.2 Crude Oil Production and Crude Oil Well Productivity, 1954-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 Petroleum Imports by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 Petroleum Imports by Country of Origin, 1960-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 Petroleum Exports by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 Petroleum Exports by Country of Destination, 1960-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 Petroleum Net Imports by Country of Origin, 1960-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 Refinery Input and Output, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 Refinery Capacity and Utilization, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.10 Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.11 Petroleum Products Supplied by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 5.12 Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5.13a Estimated Petroleum Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5.13b Estimated Petroleum Consumption: Industrial Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.13c Estimated Petroleum Consumption: Transportation Sector and End-Use Total, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . 5.13d Petroleum Consumption: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Tables

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 
5. Petroleum (continued)

5.14a Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.14b Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Industrial Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.14c Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Transportation and Electric Power Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . 5.15 Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales, 1984-2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.16 Petroleum Primary Stocks by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.17 Strategic Petroleum Reserve, 1977-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.18 Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.19 Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries, 1973-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.20 Value of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries, 1973-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.21 Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Costs, 1968-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.22 Refiner Sales Prices and Refiner Margins for Selected Petroleum Products, 1988-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.23 All Sellers Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 1988-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.24 Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6. Natural Gas

6.1 Natural Gas Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6.2 Natural Gas Production, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 Natural Gas Imports, Exports, and Net Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Natural Gas Well Productivity, 1960-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 Natural Gas Consumption by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 6.6 Natural Gas in Underground Storage, 1954-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6.7 Natural Gas Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6.8 Natural Gas Prices by Sector, 1967-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

7. Coal

7.1 Coal Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

7.2 Coal Production, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 Coal Consumption by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 Coal Exports by Country of Destination, 1960-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 Coal Stocks by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 Coal Mining Productivity, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 Coke Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 Coal Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8. Electricity

8.1 Electricity Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2a Electricity Net Generation: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2b Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 8.2c Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, 1989-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8.2d Electricity Net Generation: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3a Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Total (All Sectors), 1989-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3b Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Electric Power Sector, 1989-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3c Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . 

Tablesx Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004
8. Electricity (continued)

8.4a Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . 

8.4b Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . 

 8.4c Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2004. . . . . . . . . .  8.5a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . 

8.5b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . 

 8.5c Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, 1989-2004. . . . . . 

8.5d Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2004. . . . . . . . 8.6a Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants:

 Total (All Sectors), 1989-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 8.6b Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants:

 Electric Power Sector, 1989-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 8.6c Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants:

 Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8.7a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: Total (All Sectors), 1989-20

8.7b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: Electric Power Sector, 1989

8.7c Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output:

 Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8.8 Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8.9 Electricity End Use, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.10 Average Retail Prices of Electricity, 1960-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.11a Electric Net Summer Capacity: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.11b Electric Net Summer Capacity: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.11c Electric Net Summer Capacity : Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, 1989-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.11d Electric Net Summer Capacity : Commercial and Industrial Sectors , 1989-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.12 Electric Noncoincident Peak Load and Capacity Margin, 1986-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.13 Electric Utility Demand-Side Management Programs, 1989-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

9. Nuclear Energy

9.1 Nuclear Generating Units, 1953-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

9.2 Nuclear Power Plant Operations, 1957-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 Uranium Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

10. Renewable Energy

10.1 Renewable Energy Consumption by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

10.2a Estimated Renewable Energy Consumption: End–Use Sectors, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2b Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Type, Price, and Trade, 1974-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by End Use, Market Sector, and Type, 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments by Type, Trade, and Prices, 1982-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.6 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments by End Use and Market Sector, 1989-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.7 Estimated Number of Alternative-Fueled Vehicles in Use and Replacement Fuel Consumption, 1992-2004. . . . . . . . . . 

Tables

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 
11. International Energy

11.1 World Primary Energy Production by Source, 1970-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 World Primary Energy Production by Region, 1994-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 World Primary Energy Consumption by Region, 1994-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4 World Crude Oil and Natural Gas Reserves, January 1, 2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.5 World Crude Oil Production, 1960-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.6 World Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production, 1973-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.7 Crude Oil Prices by Selected Type, 1970-2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.8 Retail Motor Gasoline Prices in Selected Countries, 1990-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.9 World Crude Oil Refining Capacity, 1970-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.10 World Petroleum Consumption, 1960-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.11 World Dry Natural Gas Production, 1994-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.12 World Dry Natural Gas Consumption, 1980-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.13 World Recoverable Reserves of Coal, 2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.14 World Coal Production, 1994-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.15 World Coal Consumption, 1980-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.16 World Net Generation of Electricity by Type, 1980, 1990, and 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

11.17 World Electrical Installed Capacity by Type, 1980, 1990, and 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

11.18 World Nuclear Electricity Net Generation, 1994-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.19 World Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption, 1994-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

12. Environmental Indicators

12.1 Emissions of Greenhouse Gases, 1980-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

12.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector, 1980-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector by Energy Source, 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 12.4 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Consumption of Energy for All Purposes in the Manufacturing Sector, 2002. . . . . . . . . . . . 

12.5 Methane Emissions, 1980-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6 Nitrous Oxide Emissions, 1980-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7a Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: Total (All Sectors), 1989-200312.7b Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: Electric Power Sector, 1989-2012.7c Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output: 

 Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

12.8 Installed Nameplate Capacity of Steam-Electric Generators With Environmental Equipment, 1985-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Appendix A. Thermal Conversion Factors

 A1. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

A2. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Production, Imports, and Exports, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

A3. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A4. Approximate Heat Content of Natural Gas, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A5. Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal Coke, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A6. Approximate Heat Rates for Electricity, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Tablesxii Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004
Appendix B. Metric and Other Physical Conversion Factors

B1. Metric Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B2. Metric Prefixes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B3. Other Physical Conversion Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Appendix D. Population, U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and Implict Price Deflator

D1. Population, U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and Implict Price Deflator, Selected Years, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Appendix E. Estimated Energy Consumption in the United States, 1635-1945

E1. Estimated Energy Consumption in the United States, Selected Years, 1635-1945. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Tables

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 
1. Energy Overview

1.1 Energy Overview.....................................................................................1.2 Energy Production by Source............................................................................1.3 Energy Consumption by Source..........................................................................

1.4 Energy Imports, Exports, and Net Imports, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 Energy Consumption and Expenditures Indicators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 State-Level Energy Consumption and Consumption per Person, 2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 Heating Degree-Days by Month, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 Cooling Degree-Days by Month, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 Heating Degree-Days by Census Division. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.10 Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.11 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.12 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Source, Fiscal Years 1975-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

1.13 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency and Source, Fiscal Years 1994 and 2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.14 Fossil Fuel Production on Federally Administered Lands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.15 Fossil Fuel Consumption for Nonfuel Use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2. Energy Consumption by Sector

2.1a Energy Consumption by Sector Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2.1b Energy Consumption by End-Use Sector, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Manufacturing Consumption of Energy for All Purposes, 2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 Manufacturing Inputs for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation, 2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2.4 Household Energy Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 Households With Selected Appliances and Types of Main Heating Fuel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 Type of Heating in Occupied Housing Units, 1950 and 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Rates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 Commercial Buildings Consumption by Energy Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.10 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditure Indicators, Selected Years, 1979-1999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.11 Commercial Buildings Electricity Consumption by End Use, 1999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3. Financial Indicators

3.1 Fossil Fuel Production Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3.2 Value of Fossil Fuel Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 Value of Fossil Fuel Imports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3.8 Value of Fossil Fuel Exports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 Value of Fossil Fuel Net Imports, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Domestic Production and Refining, 1974-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.11 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Net Income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Figuresxiv Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004
3. Financial Indicators (continued)

3.12 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Profitability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3.13 U.S. Energy Activities by Foreign-Affiliated Companies, 1978-2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4. Energy Resources

4.1 Technically Recoverable Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Resource Estimates, 2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4.2 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Field Counts, Cumulative Production, Proved Reserves, and Proved Ultimate Recovery. . . . . . 4.3 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Proved Reserves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4.4 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Rotary Rigs in Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4.6 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory Wells, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Development Wells, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 Costs of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Wells Drilled. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Gross Additions to Proved Reserves, and Exploration

 and Development Expenditures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Expenditures for Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploration and Development by Region. . . 4.11 Coal Demonstrated Reserve Base, January 1, 2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.12 Uranium Exploration and Development Drilling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.13 Uranium Reserves and Resources, 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5. Petroleum

5.1 Petroleum Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 Crude Oil Production and Crude Oil Well Productivity, 1954-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.3 Petroleum Imports by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.4 Petroleum Imports by Country of Origin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.5 Petroleum Exports by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.6 Petroleum Exports by Country of Destination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.7 Petroleum Net Imports by Country of Origin, 1960-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 Refinery Input and Output, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 Refinery Capacity and Utilization, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.10 Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.11 Petroleum Products Supplied by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.12 Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.13a Estimated Petroleum Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.13b Estimated Petroleum Consumption by Product by Sector, 1949-2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.14 Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption by Product by Sector, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.15 Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales, 1984-2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.16 Petroleum Primary Stocks by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.17 Strategic Petroleum Reserve, 1977-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.18 Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.19 Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.20 Value of Crude Oil Imports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.21 Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Costs, 1968-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Figures (continued)

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 
5. Petroleum (continued)

5.22 Refiner Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 1988-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5.23 All Sellers Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.24 Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6. Natural Gas

6.1 Natural Gas Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 Natural Gas Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6.3 Natural Gas Imports, Exports, and Net Imports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Natural Gas Well Productivity, 1960-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6.5 Natural Gas Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 Natural Gas in Underground Storage, 1954-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 Natural Gas Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 Natural Gas Prices by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

7. Coal

7.1 Coal Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 Coal Production, 1949-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

7.3 Coal Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 Coal Exports by Country of Destination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 Coal Stocks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 Coal Mining Productivity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

7.7 Coke Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 7.8 Coal Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 8. Electricity

8.1 Electricity Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8.2a Electricity Net Generation, Total (All Sectors). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

8.2b Electricity Net Generation by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 Consumption for Electricity Generation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation, 1989-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation by Sector, 2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants by Sector, 198.7 Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output, 1989-2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.8 Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9 Electricity End-Use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.10 Average Retail Prices of Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.11a Electric Net Summer Capacity, Total (All Sectors). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.11b Electric Net Summer Capacity by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.12 Electric Noncoincident Peak Load and Capacity Margin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.13 Electric Utility Demand-Side Management Programs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Figures (continued)xvi Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004
9. Nuclear Energy

9.1 Nuclear Generating Units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 Nuclear Power Plant Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

9.3 Uranium Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

10. Renewable Energy

10.1 Renewable Energy Consumption by Major Sources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2a Renewable Energy Consumption: End-Use Sectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2b Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Type, Price, and Trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by End Use, Market Sector, and Type, 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments, Trade, and Prices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.6 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments by End Use and Market Sector, 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.7 Estimated Number of Alternative-Fueled Vehicles in Use and Alternative Fuel Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

11. International Energy

11.1 World Primary Energy Production by Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

11.2 World Primary Energy Production by Region and Country. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 World Primary Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4 World Crude Oil and Natural Gas Reserves, January 1, 2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.5 World Crude Oil Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.6 World Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.7 Crude Oil Prices by Selected Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.8 Retail Motor Gasoline Prices in Selected Countries, 2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.9 World Crude Oil Refining Capacity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.10 World Petroleum Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.11 World Dry Natural Gas Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.12 World Dry Natural Gas Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.13 World Recoverable Reserves of Coal, 2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.14 World Coal Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.15 World Coal Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

11.16 World Net Generation of Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

11.17 World Electrical Installed Capacity by Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.18 World Nuclear Electricity Net Generation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.19 World Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

12. Environmental Indicators

12.1 Emissions of Greenhouse Gases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

12.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

12.3 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector by Energy Source, 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

12.4 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Consumption of Energy for All Purposes in the Manufacturing Sector, 2002. . . . . . . . . . 12.5 Methane Emissions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Figures (continued)

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 
12. Environmental Indicators (continued)

12.6 Nitrous Oxide Emissions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7 Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.8 Installed Nameplate Capacity of Steam-Electric Generators With Environmental Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Appendix C. U.S. Census Regions and Divisions

 C1. U.S. Census Regions and Divisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Figures (continued)xviii Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004
Energy Information Administra

18.97 in 1970

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

255075

100125

Quadrillion Btu

The United States was self-sufficient in energy until the late 1950s whenenergy consumption began to outpace domestic production. At that point,the Nation began to import more energy to fill the gap. In 2004, net imported

energy accounted for 29 percent of all energy consumed.

Figure 1. Energy Overview

Ove

Exports

Production

Imports

Consumption

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

05

10152025

 per Chained (2000) Dollar

Thousand Btu

Figure 3. Energy Use per Dollar of Gross Domestic Product

After 1970, the amount of energy consumed to produce a dollar’s worth ofthe Nation’s output of goods and services trended down. The declineresulted from efficiency improvements and structural changes in the economy. The level in 2004 was 49 percent below that of 1970.

17.99 in 1970

9.20 in 2004

Figure 3. Energy Use per Dollar of Gross Domestic Product
xx Energy Information Administratio

Energy Perspectives Consumption 

1650 1675 1700 1725 1750 1775 1800 

0

1020304050

Quadrillion Btu

Figure 5. Energy Consumption by Source, 1635-2002 Figure 5. Energy Consumption by Source, 1635-2004

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 20

0

102030405060

Quadrillion Btu

Figure 6. Energy Consumption History and Outlook, 1949-2025 Figure 6. Energy Consumption History and Outlook, 1949-2025

Natural Gas

History

Petroleum

Coal

Hydroelectric Power

Nuclear Electric Power
Energy Information Administra

Consumptio

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

10203040

Quadrillion Btu

Figure 7. Energy Consumption by End-Use

All four major economic sectors of the economy recorded tremendous

growth in their use of energy. The industrial sector used the biggest share of

total energy and showed the greatest volatility; in particular, steep dropsoccurred in the sector in 1975 and 1980-1983 largely in response to high oilprices. Figure 1. Energy Overview Figure 7. Energy Consumption by End-Use Sector

Transportation

Commercial Residential

Coal, once the predominant form of energy in the industrial sector, gave wayto natural gas and petroleum in the late 1950s. Both natural gas and petroleum use expanded rapidly until the early 1970s and then fluctuated widelyover the following decades. Use of electricity and wood trended upward, butuse of electricity grew at a faster rate than wood.

1 Energy lost during generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0369

12

Quadrillion Btu

Figure 9. Industrial Energy Consumption

Losses1

Figure 9. Industrial Energy Consumption

Petroleum

Electricity

Natural Gas

Industrial

Coal

Wood
xxii Energy Information Administratio

Energy Perspectives Production 

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

05

10152025

Quadrillion Btu

Figure 11. Energy Production by Major Source

Most energy produced in the United States came from fossil fuels—coal,natural gas, and crude oil. Coal, the leading source at the middle of the 20th

century, was surpassed by crude oil and natural gas for many years. In themid-1980s, coal again became the leading energy source produced in theUnited States. By the 1970s, electricity produced from nuclear fuel began tomake a significant contribution.

Natural Gas

Figure 11. Energy Production by Major Source

Crude Oil

Coal

Nuclear Electric

Power

Wood, Waste, Alcohol

NGPL1

Hydroelectric

Power

1 Natural gas plant liquids.
Energy Information Administra

Petroleum Overview an

1 Petroleum products supplied used as an approximation for consumption.2 Crude oil and natural gas plant liquids production.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

05

10152025

Million Barrels per Day

Figure 14. Petroleum Overview

When U.S. petroleum production peaked at 11.3 million barrels per day in1970, net imports stood at 3.2 million barrels per day. By 1996, net importsexceeded production. In 2004, production was 7.2 million barrels per dayand net imports were 11.9 million barrels per day.Figure 14. Petroleum Overview

Net Imports

Production 2

Consumption1

The amount of crude oil produced per day per well rose sharply in the 1960sand reached a peak of 18.6 barrels per day per well in 1972. After that,declining productivity was recorded yearly except in 1978 and 2000-2003.The 2004 rate of 10.6 barrels per day per well was 43 percent below thepeak and was the lowest level since EIA began reporting oil well productivity.

1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

05

101520

Barrels per Day per Well

Figure 16. Crude Oil Well Productivity Figure 16. Crude Oil Well Productivity

10.6

 in 2004

Peak: 18.6

in 1972
xxiv Energy Information Administratio

Energy Perspectives

Petroleum Consum

1 Through 1988, electric utilities only; after 1988, includes independent power producers.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

05

1015

Million Barrels per Day

Figure 18. Petroleum Consumption by Sector

Transportation was the largest consuming sector of petroleum and the oneshowing the greatest expansion over the second half of the 20th century. In2004, 14 million barrels per day of petroleum products were consumed fortransportation purposes, accounting for 66 percent of all petroleum used.Figure 18. Petroleum Consumption by Sector

Residential and Commercial

Industrial

Electric Power1

Transportation

Unadjusted for inflation (nominal dollars), the refiner acquisition composite(domestic and foreign) cost of crude oil reached $35.24 per barrel in 1981.Over the years that followed, the price fell dramatically to a low of $12.52 perbarrel in 1998 before rising again. The preliminary price reported for 2004was $36.97 per barrel, a new peak level and 30 percent higher than in 2003.

1 Composite of domestic and imported crude oil. 2 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by

using gross domestic product implicit price deflator.

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

102030405060

Dollars per Barrel

Figure 20. Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Cost1 Figure 20. Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Cost1

Nominal

Real2
Energy Information Administra

Petroleu

U.S. crude oil imports grew rapidly from mid-century until the late 1970s but

fell sharply from 1979 to 1985 due to conservation efforts and improved efficiency. After 1985, the upward trend resumed and reached a record-highlevel of 10.0 million barrels per day in 2004. Petroleum product imports were2.9 million barrels per day in 2004. Exports totaled 1.0 million barrels per

day, mainly in the form of petroleum coke and residual fuel oil.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

2

468

10

Million Barrels per Day

Figure 22. Petroleum Trade Figure 22. Petroleum Trade

Crude Oil Imports

Petroleum

Product Imports

Exports

Among OPEC countries, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, and Nigeria—nations

from three different continents—were key suppliers of petroleum to the

American market. Each experienced wide fluctuation in the amount of petroleum it sold to the United States over the decades. In 2004, 0.7 million

barrels per day of petroleum came into the United States from Iraq.

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0.00.51.01.52.0

Million Barrels per Day

Figure 24. Imports From Selected OPEC Countries Figure 24. Imports From Selected OPEC Countries

Saudi Arabia

Nigeria

Venezuela

Iraq
xxvi Energy Information Administratio

Energy Perspectives Petroleu

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

250500750

1,000

Million Barrels

Through 1983, the Nation held most of its petroleum storage in the form ofproducts, which were ready for the market. After that, most petroleum instorage was in the form of crude oil that still needed to be refined into usableend products. At the end of 2004, petroleum stocks totaled 1.6 billionbarrels, 58 percent crude oil and 42 percent products.Figure 26. Stocks of Crude Oil and Products

Products

Crude Oil1

1 Includes crude oil stored in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve.1 Imported by the SPR and imported by others for the SPR.

8

59

24

16

93

60

85

72

43

18

27

19 20

10

0 4 5 4 0 1 0

8 7 5 9

41

23

34

1978 1983 1988 1993 1998 2003

0

255075

100

Million Barrels

Figure 28. Crude Oil Imports for SPR1

Most crude oil in the SPR was imported, and most of it came in during theearly 1980s. In fact, from 1991 through 1997, only 14 million barrels wereimported for the reserve, and in 3 of those years, no oil at all was importedfor the reserve. SPR imports picked up in 2002; of 125 million barrels addedto the SPR over the last three years, 99 million were imported.

Figure 28. Crude Oil Imports for the SPR1
Energy Information Administra

Motor V

The composite motor vehicle fuel rate (miles per gallon) rose 42 percentfrom 1973 to 1991 and then leveled off for the next 12 years. Mileage (milesper vehicle) grew steadily from 1980 to 1998, declined from 1999 through2001, and then grew in 2002 and 2003. Fuel consumption (gallons per vehicle) fell 21 percent from 1973 to 1991 but then bounced back 9 percent from1991 to 1999. 

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

255075

100125150175

Index 1973=100

Figure 30. Motor Vehicle Indicators Figure 30. Motor Vehicle Indicators

Fuel Rate

Mileage

Fuel Consumption

Truck miles traveled per year greatly exceeded that of other vehicle typesand grew sharply from 1966 to 2003, up 118 percent. In 2003, trucks averaged 27.3 thousand miles per vehicle per year, while passenger cars averaged 12.2 thousand miles per year and vans, pickup trucks, and sportutility vehicles averaged 11.5 thousand miles per year.

1 Sport utility vehicle. 2 Motorcycles are included through 1989.

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

08

1624

32

Thousand Miles per Vehicle

Figure 32. Motor Vehicle Mileage

Vans, Pickup Trucks,

and SUVs1

Passenger Cars2

Figure 32. Motor Vehicle MileageNote: Motor vehicles include passenger cars, motorcycles, vans, pickup trucks, sport utility vehic

Trucks
xxviii Energy Information Administratio

Energy Perspectives Natura

U.S. natural gas production and consumption were nearly in balance through1986. When consumption began to outpace production, imports of naturalgas rose to meet U.S. requirements for the fuel. In 2004, consumption stoodat 22.3 trillion cubic feet (Tcf), production at 18.8 Tcf, and net imports at 3.4Tcf.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

-5

05

10152025

-5

Trillion Cubic Feet

Figure 34. Natural Gas Overview Figure 34. Natural Gas Overview

Production

Consumption

Net Imports

Net imports of natural gas as a share of consumption was in the 4-to-6percent range from 1970 through 1987. Then, during a period whenconsumption outpaced production, the share rose from 4.2 percent in 1986

to 16.2 percent in 2001. The share fell in 2002 and 2003, and then roseagain in 2004 to 15.3 percent.

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

05

101520

Percent

Figure 36. Net Imports as Share of Consumption

4.2% in 1986 15.3% in 2004

Figure 36. Net Imports as Share of Consumption
Energy Information Administra

Co

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0.00.30.60.9

1.2

Billion Short Tons

Figure 38. Coal Overview

Unlike petroleum or natural gas, coal’s domestic production nearly alwaysexceeded U.S. consumption. In 2004, production was less than 1 percenthigher than consumption. U.S. exports to other countries totaled 48 million

short tons in 2004, well below the peak export level of 113 million short tonsthat occurred in 1981.

Figure 38. Coal Overview

Production

Consumption

Exports

1950 1960 197

0

200400600800

Million Short Tons

Figure 41. Productio

In 1949, one-fourth of Umines; by 1971, more thminded; and in 2004, twground mines.

Improved mining technology and the shift toward moresurface-mined coal promoted dramatic improvement inproductivity from the Nation’s mines from 1978 through2000.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

2

468

Short Tons per Miner Hour

Figure 40. Coal Mining Productivity

1.77 in 1978

6.81

in 2004

Figure 40. Coal Mining Productivity Figure 41. Production 
xxx Energy Information Administratio

Energy Perspectives Electricity Net Generation a

Total electric power net generation grew from 0.3 trillion kilowatthours in1949 to 4.0 trillion kilowatthours in 2004, failing to increase in only two years(1982 and 2001) over the entire span. Most generation was in the electric

power sector, but some occurred directly in the commercial and industrialsectors.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

1

2

345

Trillion KilowatthoursTotal (All Sectors) Electric Power

Figure 43. Electricity Net Generation by Sector

Commercial

and Industrial

Electric Power

Sector

Most generating facilities exist to produce only electricity but some functionas combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants that produce both electricity and

heat from a single heat source. Rather than being wasted, the heat from a

CHP plant is used for processes and applications other than electricalgeneration. 

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004

0

1

2

34

Trillion Kilowatthours

Figure 45. Net Generation at Combined-Heat-and

Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants

Electricity-Only Plants

Figure 45. Electric Power Sector by Plant Type
Energy Information Administra

Electricity Sales, 

Over the decades, industrial consumers paid the lowest rates for electricity;residential customers usually paid the highest prices. In 2004, all sectorspaid lower rates than they had in 1960, when adjusted for inflation.

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

1

2

3456789

10

11

12

1314

Chained (2000) Cents1 per Kilowatthour

Figure 47. Average Real Retail Prices of Electricity by Sector

Transportation

Other

Commercial

Residential

Industrial

1 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using domestic product implicit price

deflators.
xxxii Energy Information Administratio

Energy Perspectives Nuclear Elec

The U.S. nuclear industry’s first commercial plantopened in Shippingport, Pennsylvania, in 1957. Nuclearcapacity expanded sharply in the 1970s and 1980s.Total net capacity stood at 100 million kilowatthours in2004.

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

306090

120

Million Kilowatts

Over the latter part of the laspower played a key role rapidly growing electricity repercent of U.S. total electrfrom nuclear electric power.

1960 1970 19

05

10152025

Percent

Figure 51. Nuclear Sh

100

in 

2004

Figure 50. Nuclear Net Summer Capacity Figure 51. Nuclear SharA total of 259 nuclear electric power units were ordered since the industry got its

start in the United States in the 1950s. The last new orders were placed in 1978.Of the 259 orders, 177 advanced to the issuance of construction permits and, of

those, 132 eventually gained full-power operating licenses.

1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 

0

70

140210280

Number of Units

Figure 53. Figure 53. Operable Units and Cumulative Orders, Permits

Figure 53. Operable Units and Cumulative Orders, Permits, Licenses, and 
Energy Information Administra

Renewab

Note: Wood includes wood, black liquor, and other wood waste.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

2

468

Quadrillion Btu

Figure 55. Renewable Energy Consumption by Sector

Total renewable energy consumption generally followed the pattern ofhydroelectric power output, which was the largest component of the total formost of the years shown. In 2004, for example, hydroelectric poweraccounted for 45 percent of the total. Wood was the next largest source ofrenewable energy, followed by waste, geothermal, alcohol fuels, wind, andsolar.Figure 54. Renewable Energy Total Consumption and Major Sources

Total

Waste

Wood

Conventional

Hydroelectric Power

In recent decades, the industrial sector was the largest consuming sector ofwood as an energy source. Residential use of wood recovered sharply from1974 through 1982, but then generally resumed its previous downward trend.

1 Through 1988, electric utilities only; after 1988, includes independent power

producers.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0.00.51.01.52.0

Quadrillion Btu

Figure 56. Wood Consumption by Selected Sector Figure 56. Wood Consumption by Major Sectors

Electric Power1

Residential

Industrial
xxxiv Energy Information Administratio

Energy Perspectives Internation

From 1970 to 2003, world primary energy production grew by 94 percent,reaching 417 quadrillion Btu in 2003. Growth occurred in all types of energy.In 2003, fossil fuels accounted for 86 percent of all energy produced worldwide, renewable energy 8 percent, and nuclear electric power 6 percent.

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

4080

120160

Quadrillion Btu

Figure 58. World Primary Energy Production By Source Figure 58. World Primary Energy Production By Source

Crude Oil

and NGPL1

Coal

Hydroelectric Power, Geothermal, and Other

Natural Gas

Nuclear Electric Power

1 Natural gas plant liquids.

1 Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

20406080

Million Barrels per Day

Figure 60. World Crude Oil Production

World crude oil production totaled 72 million barrelsper day in 2004, up 5 percent over the previous year.OPEC’s share of the world total in 2004 was 42percent, compared to the peak level of 55 percent in1973.

From 1974 through 1991, the world’s leading crude Saudi Arabia became thclosely by Russia since peaked in 1970. 

1960 1970 19

0

2

468

10

12

14

Million Barrels per Day

Figure 61. Leading C

Figure 60. World Crude Oil Production Figure 61. Leading Cru

World

OPEC1

United

States 

For
Energy Information Administra

Emis

The combustion of fossil fuels—coal, petroleum, and natural gas—to releasetheir energy creates carbon dioxide emissions, the most significant greenhouse gas. Total carbon dioxide emissions reached 5.9 billion metric tons ofgas in 2003, 18 percent higher than the 1990 level.

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

1

2

34567

Carbon Dioxide Equivalent

Million Metric Tons

Figure 63. Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Based on Global Figure 63. Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Global Warming Potential Warming 

Carbon Dioxide

Total

Other1

1 Methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs),

and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6).

While gross domestic product (GDP) grew by 46 percent from 1990 to 2003,energy-related carbon dioxide emissions grew by 16 percent. It was primarily the use of less energy per unit of economic output, rather than the use oflow-carbon fuels, that held the carbon dioxide emissions growth rate wellbelow the inflation-adjusted gross domestic product growth rate.

1 Based on chained (2000) dollars.

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

90

100110120130140150

Index 1990=100

Figure 65. GDP Growth and Carbon Dioxide Emissions Figure 65. GDP Growth and Carbon Dioxide Emissions

Inflation-Adjusted

Gross Domestic Product1

Energy-Related

Carbon Dioxide

Emissions
1. Table 1.1.

2. Table 1.5.3. Table 1.5.4. Table 1.3.5. Tables 1.3, 10.1, and E1.6. Historical data: Table 1.3. Projections: Energy Information Administration (EIA), Annual Energy Outlook 2005 (February 2005), Figure 3.

7. Table 2.1a.8. Tables 2.1b and 2.1c.9. Table 2.1d.

10. Tables 2.1e and 5.14c.11. Table 1.2.12. Tables 5.1, 6.1, and 7.1.13. Table 1.4.14. Table 5.1.15. Table 5.2.16. Table 5.2.17. Table 4.4.18. Tables 5.13a, 5.13b, 5.13c, and 5.13d.19. Table 5.11.20. Table 5.21.21. Table 5.24.22. Tables 5.3 and 5.5.23. Table 5.4.24. Table 5.4.25. Table 5.4.26. Table 5.16.27. Table 5.16.28. Table 5.17.29. Table 5.17.30. Table 2.8.31. Table 2.8.32. Table 2.8.33. Table 2.8.34. Table 6.1.

xxxvi Energy Information Administratio

Figure S

Data for “Energy Perspectives” figures and text are derived from the following A

Energy Perspectives
Energy Overview

1

The continental United States at night from orbit. Source: National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administratisatellite imagery; mosaic provided by U.S. Geological Survey.

Diagram 1. Energy Flow, 2004

(Quadrillion Btu)

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Consumption

99.74

Supply k104.17

Exports

4.43

Petroleum

2.21

Other

2.23

g Coal 22.69

Natural Gas

19.34

Crude Oil 11.53 a

NGPL 2.47 b

Nuclear Electric Power 8.23

Renewable Energy 6.12 c

Petroleum 27.68

d

Other

5.33

e

FossilFuels

85.65

j

Renewable Energyc 6.12

Nuclear Electric Power 8.23

Domestic

Production

70.37

T

Coal

22.39

Natural Gas

22.99

h

Petroleum

40.13

i

Imports

33.00

Fossil

Fuels

56.02

Adjustments

0.80

f

a Includes lease condensate.b Natural gas plant liquids.c Conventional hydroelectric power, wood, waste, ethanol blended into motor gasoline,

geothermal, solar, and wind.

d Crude oil and petroleum products. Includes imports into the Strategic Petroleum Reserve.e Natural gas, coal, coal coke, and electricity.f Stock changes, losses, gains, miscellaneous blending components, and unaccounted-for

supply.

g Coal, natural gas, coal coke, and electricity.h Includes supplemental gaseous fuels.

i Petroleum products, including natural gas plant liquids.j Includes 0.14 quadrillion Btu of coal coke net imports.k Includes, in quadrillion Btu, 0.30 ethanol blended into m

in both fossil fuels and renewable energy but counted only electricity net imports.

l Primary consumption, electricity retail sales, and electr

allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to each secsales. See Note, “Electrical Systems Energy Losses,” at e

Notes: • Data are preliminary. • Totals may not equal su

rounding.

Sources: Tables 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 2.1a, and 10.1.
Figure 1.1 Energy Overview 

Overview, 1949-2004 Production and Consumption, 2004Overview, 2004 Energy Flow, 2004

(Quadrillion Btu)

4 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Consumption

Production

Imports

70

Production 

0

306090

120

Quadrillion Btu

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

306090

120

Quadrillion Btu

70

33

4

100

Production Imports Exports Consumption

0

306090

120

Quadrillion Btu

Fossil

Fuels

Nuclear

Renewable

Exports

1 Stock changes, losses, gains, miscellaneous blending components, and unaccounted-for

supply.

Source: Table 1.1.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 1.1 Energy Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2004

 (Quadrillion Btu)

Year

Production Imports Exports

Adjustments 6

Fossil

 Fuels 1

Nuclear

Electric

Power 

Renewable

Energy 2 Total Petroleum 3 Total 4 Coal Total 5

Fossil

Fuels 7,8

N

E

P

1949 28.75 0.00 2.97 31.72 1.43 1.45 0.88 1.59 0.40 29.00 1950 32.56 0.00 2.98 35.54 1.89 1.91 0.79 1.47 -1.37 31.63 1955 37.36 0.00 2.78 40.15 2.75 2.79 1.46 2.29 -0.44 37.41 1960 39.87 0.01 2.93 42.80 4.00 4.19 1.02 1.48 -0.43 42.14 1965 47.23 0.04 3.40 50.68 5.40 5.89 1.38 1.83 -0.72 50.58 1970 59.19 0.24 4.08 63.50 7.47 8.34 1.94 2.63 -1.37 63.52 1971 58.04 0.41 4.27 62.72 8.54 9.53 1.55 2.15 -0.82 64.60 1972 58.94 0.58 4.40 63.92 10.30 11.39 1.53 2.12 -0.48 67.70 1973 58.24 0.91 4.43 63.58 13.47 14.61 1.43 2.03 -0.46 70.32 1974 56.33 1.27 4.77 62.37 13.13 14.30 1.62 2.20 -0.48 67.91 1975 54.73 1.90 4.72 61.36 12.95 14.03 1.76 2.32 -1.07 65.35 1976 54.72 2.11 4.77 61.60 15.67 16.76 1.60 2.17 -0.18 69.10 1977 55.10 2.70 4.25 62.05 18.76 19.95 1.44 2.05 -1.95 70.99 1978 55.07 3.02 5.04 63.14 17.82 19.11 1.08 1.92 -0.34 71.86 1979 58.01 2.78 5.17 65.95 17.93 19.46 1.75 2.86 -1.65 72.89 1980 59.01 2.74 5.49 67.24 14.66 15.80 2.42 3.69 -1.05 69.98 1981 58.53 3.01 5.47 67.01 12.64 13.72 2.94 4.31 -0.08 67.75 1982 57.46 3.13 5.99 66.57 10.78 11.86 2.79 4.61 -0.57 64.04 1983 54.42 3.20 6.49 64.11 10.65 11.75 2.04 3.69 0.94 63.29 1984 58.85 3.55 6.43 68.83 11.43 12.47 2.15 3.79 -0.78 66.62 1985 57.54 4.08 6.03 67.65 10.61 11.78 2.44 4.20 1.24 66.22 1986 56.58 4.38 6.13 67.09 13.20 14.15 2.25 4.02 -0.44 66.15 1987 57.17 4.75 5.69 67.61 14.16 15.40 2.09 3.81 0.03 68.63 1988 57.87 5.59 5.49 68.95 15.75 17.30 2.50 4.37 0.96 71.66 1989 57.47 5.60 6.29 69.36 17.16 18.77 2.64 4.66 1.49 73.02 1990 58.53 6.10 6.13 R70.77 17.12 18.82 2.77 4.75 -0.13 72.46 1991 57.83 6.42 6.16 R70.41 16.35 18.33 2.85 5.14 1.04 72.00 1992 57.59 6.48 5.91 R69.98 16.97 19.37 2.68 4.94 1.58 73.52 1993 55.74 6.41 6.16 R68.30 18.51 21.27 1.96 4.26 2.30 875.05 1994 57.95 6.69 6.06 R70.71 19.24 22.39 1.88 4.06 0.24 76.48 1995 57.44 7.08 6.67 R71.18 18.88 22.26 2.32 4.51 2.32 77.49 1996 58.28 7.09 7.14 R72.50 20.29 23.70 2.37 4.63 2.68 79.98 1997 58.76 6.60 7.08 R72.43 21.74 25.22 2.19 4.51 1.64 81.09 1998 59.20 7.07 6.56 R72.83 22.91 26.58 2.09 4.30 0.08 81.59 1999 57.51 7.61 6.60 R71.71 23.13 27.25 1.53 3.71 1.58 82.65 2000 57.25 7.86 6.16 R71.27 24.53 28.97 1.53 4.01 2.72 84.96 2001 R58.52 8.03 R5.33 R71.88 25.40 30.16 1.27 3.77 -1.80 R83.18 2002 R56.78 8.14 R5.84 R70.76 24.68 29.41 1.03 3.66 R1.37 R83.99 2003 R55.97 R7.96 R6.08 R70.01 R26.22 R31.11 1.12 R4.07 R1.25 R84.49 2004P 56.02 8.23 6.12 70.37 27.68 33.00 1.25 4.43 0.80 85.65 

1 Coal, natural gas (dry), crude oil, and natural gas plant liquids. 2 Electricity net generation from conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar, and wind;

consumption of wood, waste, and alcohol fuels; geothermal heat pump and direct use energy; and solarthermal direct use energy. 3 Crude oil and petroleum products. Includes imports into the Strategic Petroleum Reserve. 4 Also includes natural gas, coal, coal coke, and electricity. 5 Also includes natural gas, petroleum, coal coke, and electricity. 6 A balancing item. Includes stock changes, losses, gains, miscellaneous blending components, andunaccounted-for supply.

7 Coal, coal coke net imports, natural gas, and petroleum. 8 Beginning in 1993, ethanol blended into motor gasoline i

"Fossil Fuels" and "Renewable Energy," but is counted only once 

9 Also includes electricity net imports.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepeWeb Page: For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://wwwSources: Tables 1.2, 1.3, and 1.4.
Figure 1.2 Energy Production by Source

By Fossil Fuels, Nuclear Electric Power, and By Major Source, 1949-2004Renewable Energy, 1949-2004By Source, 20046 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

255075

Quadrillion Btu

1950 1960 1970 1980 

05

10152025

Quadrillion Btu

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear Electric Power

Renewable Energy

Wood, W

Alco

23

19

12

8

3 3 2

1

Coal Natural Crude Oil1 Nuclear Wood, Hydro- NGPL3 Geothermal

05

10152025

Quadrillion Btu

Waste,

Alcohol

Hydroelectric Power2

1 Includes lease condensate.2 Conventional hydroelectric power.3 Natural gas plant liquids.

4 Solar and wind.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Source: Table 1.2. 

and Other Gas electric 4

Power2

Electric

Power 
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 1.2 Energy Production by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2004

 (Quadrillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power 

Renewable Energy 1

Coal 

Natural

Gas

(Dry)

Crude

Oil 2

Natural

Gas

Plant

Liquids Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power

Wood,

Waste,

Alcohol 3 Geothermal Solar 

1949 11.974 5.377 10.683 0.714 28.748 0.000 1.425 1.549 NA NA 1950 14.060 6.233 11.447 0.823 32.563 0.000 1.415 1.562 NA NA 1955 12.370 9.345 14.410 1.240 37.364 0.000 1.360 1.424 NA NA 1960 10.817 12.656 14.935 1.461 39.869 0.006 1.608 1.320 0.001 NA 1965 13.055 15.775 16.521 1.883 47.235 0.043 2.059 1.335 0.004 NA 1970 14.607 21.666 20.401 2.512 59.186 0.239 2.634 1.431 0.011 NA 1971 13.186 22.280 20.033 2.544 58.042 0.413 2.824 1.432 0.012 NA 1972 14.092 22.208 20.041 2.598 58.938 0.584 2.864 1.503 0.031 NA 1973 13.992 22.187 19.493 2.569 58.241 0.910 2.861 1.529 0.043 NA 1974 14.074 21.210 18.575 2.471 56.331 1.272 3.177 1.540 0.053 NA 1975 14.989 19.640 17.729 2.374 54.733 1.900 3.155 1.499 0.070 NA 1976 15.654 19.480 17.262 2.327 54.723 2.111 2.976 1.713 0.078 NA 1977 15.755 19.565 17.454 2.327 55.101 2.702 2.333 1.838 0.077 NA 1978 14.910 19.485 18.434 2.245 55.074 3.024 2.937 2.038 0.064 NA 1979 17.540 20.076 18.104 2.286 58.006 2.776 2.931 2.152 0.084 NA 1980 18.598 19.908 18.249 2.254 59.008 2.739 2.900 2.485 0.110 NA 1981 18.377 19.699 18.146 2.307 58.529 3.008 2.758 2.590 0.123 NA 1982 18.639 18.319 18.309 2.191 57.458 3.131 3.266 2.615 0.105 NA 1983 17.247 16.593 18.392 2.184 54.416 3.203 3.527 2.831 0.129 NA 1984 19.719 18.008 18.848 2.274 58.849 3.553 3.386 2.880 0.165 (s) 1985 19.325 16.980 18.992 2.241 57.539 4.076 2.970 2.864 0.198 (s) 1986 19.509 16.541 18.376 2.149 56.575 4.380 3.071 2.841 0.219 (s) 1987 20.141 17.136 17.675 2.215 57.167 4.754 2.635 2.823 0.229 (s) 1988 20.738 17.599 17.279 2.260 57.875 5.587 2.334 2.937 0.217 (s) 1989 21.346 17.847 16.117 2.158 57.468 5.602 2.837 3.062 0.317 0.055 1990 22.456 18.326 15.571 2.175 58.529 6.104 3.046 2.662 0.336 0.060 1991 21.594 18.229 15.701 2.306 57.829 6.422 3.016 2.702 0.346 0.063 1992 21.629 18.375 15.223 2.363 57.590 6.479 2.617 2.847 0.349 0.064 1993 20.249 18.584 14.494 2.408 55.736 6.410 2.892 2.803 0.364 0.066 1994 22.111 19.348 14.103 2.391 57.952 6.694 2.683 2.939 0.338 0.069 1995 22.029 19.082 13.887 2.442 57.440 7.075 3.205 3.068 0.294 0.070 1996 22.684 19.344 13.723 2.530 58.281 7.087 3.590 3.127 0.316 0.071 1997 23.211 19.394 13.658 2.495 58.758 6.597 3.640 3.006 0.325 0.070 1998 23.935 19.613 13.235 2.420 59.204 7.068 3.297 2.835 0.328 0.070 1999 23.186 19.341 12.451 2.528 57.505 7.610 3.268 2.885 0.331 0.069 2000 22.623 19.662 12.358 2.611 57.254 7.862 2.811 2.907 0.317 0.066 2001 R23.490 20.205 12.282 2.547 R58.523 8.033 R2.242 2.640 0.311 0.065 R2002 R22.622 R19.439 12.163 2.559 R56.783 8.143 R2.689 R2.648 0.328 0.064 2003 R21.970 R19.626 R12.026 R2.346 R55.968 R7.959 R2.825 R2.740 R0.339 R0.064 R2004P 22.686 19.339 11.528 2.468 56.021 8.232 2.725 2.845 0.340 0.063 

1 Electricity net generation from conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar, and wind;

consumption of wood, waste, and alcohol fuels; geothermal heat pump and direct use energy; and solarthermal direct use energy. 2 Includes lease condensate. 3 "Alcohol" is ethanol blended into motor gasoline.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.0005 quadrillion Btu.Notes: • This table no longer shows energy consumption by hydroelectric pumped storage plants. The

change was made because most of the electricity used to pum

generated by plants other than pumped-storage plants; thus, thfor in other data columns in this table (such as "Conventional Hand so on). • Totals may not equal sum of components due to i

Web Page: For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://wwwSources: Tables 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 8.2a, 10.1, A2, A4, A5, and A6
Figure 1.3 Energy Consumption by Source

Production and Consumption, 1949-2004 By Major Source, 1949-2004By Source, 20048 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Conventional hydroelectric power.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared.

Sources: Tables 1.2 and 1.3.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

255075

100

Quadrillion Btu

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

153045

Quadrillion Btu

Consumption

Production

40

23 22

8

3 3

1

Petroleum Natural Coal Nuclear Wood, Hydro- Geothermal,

0

153045

Quadrillion Btu

Natural G

Hydroelectric Power1

Coal

Waste,

Alcohol

Petroleum

Wood

Solar,

Wind

Gas electric

Power1

Electric

Power 
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 1.3 Energy Consumption by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2004

 (Quadrillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Renewable Energy 1

Coal 

Coal Coke

Net

Imports

Natural

Gas 2 Petroleum 3,4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power

Wood,

Waste,

Alcohol 4,5 Geothermal Solar Wind 

1949 11.981 -0.007 5.145 11.883 29.002 0.000 1.425 1.549 NA NA NA 1950 12.347 0.001 5.968 13.315 31.632 0.000 1.415 1.562 NA NA NA 1955 11.167 -0.010 8.998 17.255 37.410 0.000 1.360 1.424 NA NA NA 1960 9.838 -0.006 12.385 19.919 42.137 0.006 1.608 1.320 0.001 NA NA 1965 11.581 -0.018 15.769 23.246 50.577 0.043 2.059 1.335 0.004 NA NA 1970 12.265 -0.058 21.795 29.521 63.522 0.239 2.634 1.431 0.011 NA NA 1971 11.598 -0.033 22.469 30.561 64.596 0.413 2.824 1.432 0.012 NA NA 1972 12.077 -0.026 22.698 32.947 67.696 0.584 2.864 1.503 0.031 NA NA 1973 12.971 -0.007 22.512 34.840 70.316 0.910 2.861 1.529 0.043 NA NA 1974 12.663 0.056 21.732 33.455 67.906 1.272 3.177 1.540 0.053 NA NA 1975 12.663 0.014 19.948 32.731 65.355 1.900 3.155 1.499 0.070 NA NA 1976 13.584 (s) 20.345 35.175 69.104 2.111 2.976 1.713 0.078 NA NA 1977 13.922 0.015 19.931 37.122 70.989 2.702 2.333 1.838 0.077 NA NA 1978 13.766 0.125 20.000 37.965 71.856 3.024 2.937 2.038 0.064 NA NA 1979 15.040 0.063 20.666 37.123 72.892 2.776 2.931 2.152 0.084 NA NA 1980 15.423 -0.035 20.394 34.202 69.984 2.739 2.900 2.485 0.110 NA NA 1981 15.908 -0.016 19.928 31.931 67.750 3.008 2.758 2.590 0.123 NA NA 1982 15.322 -0.022 18.505 30.232 64.037 3.131 3.266 2.615 0.105 NA NA 1983 15.894 -0.016 17.357 30.054 63.290 3.203 3.527 2.831 0.129 NA (s) 1984 17.071 -0.011 18.507 31.051 66.617 3.553 3.386 2.880 0.165 (s) (s) 1985 17.478 -0.013 17.834 30.922 66.221 4.076 2.970 2.864 0.198 (s) (s) 1986 17.260 -0.017 16.708 32.196 66.148 4.380 3.071 2.841 0.219 (s) (s) 1987 18.008 0.009 17.744 32.865 68.626 4.754 2.635 2.823 0.229 (s) (s) 1988 18.846 0.040 18.552 34.222 71.660 5.587 2.334 2.937 0.217 (s) (s) 1989 19.070 0.030 19.712 34.211 73.023 5.602 2.837 3.062 0.317 0.055 0.022 1990 19.173 0.005 19.730 33.553 72.460 6.104 3.046 2.662 0.336 0.060 0.029 1991 18.992 0.010 20.149 32.845 71.996 6.422 3.016 2.702 0.346 0.063 0.031 1992 19.122 0.035 20.835 33.527 73.519 6.479 2.617 2.847 0.349 0.064 0.030 1993 19.835 0.027 21.351 433.841 75.055 6.410 2.892 42.803 0.364 0.066 0.031 1994 19.909 0.058 21.842 34.670 76.480 6.694 2.683 2.939 0.338 0.069 0.036 1995 20.089 0.061 22.784 34.553 77.488 7.075 3.205 3.068 0.294 0.070 0.033 1996 21.002 0.023 23.197 35.757 79.978 7.087 3.590 3.127 0.316 0.071 0.033 1997 21.445 0.046 23.329 36.266 81.086 6.597 3.640 3.006 0.325 0.070 0.034 1998 21.656 0.067 22.936 36.934 81.592 7.068 3.297 2.835 0.328 0.070 0.031 1999 21.623 0.058 23.010 37.960 82.650 7.610 3.268 2.885 0.331 0.069 0.046 2000 22.580 0.065 23.916 38.404 84.965 7.862 2.811 2.907 0.317 0.066 0.057 2001 R21.914 0.029 22.906 38.333 R83.182 8.033 R2.242 2.640 0.311 0.065 R0.070 2002 R21.904 0.061 R23.628 38.401 R83.994 8.143 R2.689 R2.648 0.328 0.064 0.105 2003 R22.321 0.051 R23.069 R39.047 R84.487 R7.959 R2.825 R2.740 R0.339 R0.064 R0.115 2004P 22.390 0.138 22.991 40.130 85.649 8.232 2.725 2.845 0.340 0.063 0.143 

1 Electricity net generation from conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar, and wind;

consumption of wood, waste, and alcohol fuels; geothermal heat pump and direct use energy; and solarthermal direct use energy. 2 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 3 Petroleum products supplied, including natural gas plant liquids and crude oil burned as fuel. Beginning in 1993, also includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.

4 Beginning in 1993, ethanol blended into motor gasoline is included in both "Petroleum" and "Wood,

Waste, Alcohol," but is counted only once in total consumption.

5 "Alcohol" is ethanol blended into motor gasoline.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.0005 and greater than -0.0005

quadrillion Btu.

Notes: • This table no longer shows energy consumption by 

change was made because most of the electricity used to pumgenerated by plants other than pumped-storage plants; thus, thfor in other data columns in this table (such as "Conventional Hand so on). • See Table E1 for estimated energy consumption Imports and Exports," at end of Section 8. • Totals may not eqrounding.

Web Page: For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://wwwSources: Tables 5.12, 6.1, 7.1, 7.7, 8.1, 8.2a, 10.1, A4, A5, a
Figure 1.4 Energy Imports, Exports, and Net Imports, 1949-2004

Energy Imports Energy ExportsEnergy Net Imports10 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

05

101520253035

Quadrillion Btu

Petroleum

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

1

2

3456

Quadrillion Btu Total

Petroleum

Total

Coal

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

-5

05

101520253035

-5

Quadrillion Btu

Notes: • Negative net imports are net exports. • Because vertical scales differ, graphs should

not be compared.

Source: Table 1.4.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 1.4 Energy Imports, Exports, and Net Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2004

 (Quadrillion Btu)

Year

Imports Exports 

Coal

Natural

Gas Petroleum 1 Other 2 Total Coal

Natural

Gas Petroleum Other 2 Total Coal

Natural

Gas 

1949 0.01 0.00 1.43 0.01 1.45 0.88 0.02 0.68 0.01 1.59 -0.87 -0.02 1950 0.01 0.00 1.89 0.02 1.91 0.79 0.03 0.64 0.01 1.47 -0.78 -0.03 1955 0.01 0.01 2.75 0.02 2.79 1.46 0.03 0.77 0.01 2.29 -1.46 -0.02 1960 0.01 0.16 4.00 0.02 4.19 1.02 0.01 0.43 0.01 1.48 -1.02 0.15 1965 (s) 0.47 5.40 0.01 5.89 1.38 0.03 0.39 0.03 1.83 -1.37 0.44 1970 (s) 0.85 7.47 0.02 8.34 1.94 0.07 0.55 0.08 2.63 -1.93 0.77 1971 (s) 0.96 8.54 0.03 9.53 1.55 0.08 0.47 0.05 2.15 -1.54 0.88 1972 (s) 1.05 10.30 0.04 11.39 1.53 0.08 0.47 0.04 2.12 -1.53 0.97 1973 (s) 1.06 13.47 0.08 14.61 1.43 0.08 0.49 0.04 2.03 -1.42 0.98 1974 0.05 0.99 13.13 0.14 14.30 1.62 0.08 0.46 0.04 2.20 -1.57 0.91 1975 0.02 0.98 12.95 0.08 14.03 1.76 0.07 0.44 0.05 2.32 -1.74 0.90 1976 0.03 0.99 15.67 0.07 16.76 1.60 0.07 0.47 0.04 2.17 -1.57 0.92 1977 0.04 1.04 18.76 0.11 19.95 1.44 0.06 0.51 0.04 2.05 -1.40 0.98 1978 0.07 0.99 17.82 0.21 19.11 1.08 0.05 0.77 0.02 1.92 -1.00 0.94 1979 0.05 1.30 17.93 0.18 19.46 1.75 0.06 1.00 0.04 2.86 -1.70 1.24 1980 0.03 1.01 14.66 0.10 15.80 2.42 0.05 1.16 0.07 3.69 -2.39 0.96 1981 0.03 0.92 12.64 0.14 13.72 2.94 0.06 1.26 0.04 4.31 -2.92 0.86 1982 0.02 0.95 10.78 0.12 11.86 2.79 0.05 1.73 0.04 4.61 -2.77 0.90 1983 0.03 0.94 10.65 0.13 11.75 2.04 0.06 1.57 0.03 3.69 -2.01 0.89 1984 0.03 0.85 11.43 0.16 12.47 2.15 0.06 1.54 0.03 3.79 -2.12 0.79 1985 0.05 0.95 10.61 0.17 11.78 2.44 0.06 1.66 0.04 4.20 -2.39 0.90 1986 0.06 0.75 13.20 0.15 14.15 2.25 0.06 1.67 0.04 4.02 -2.19 0.69 1987 0.04 0.99 14.16 0.20 15.40 2.09 0.05 1.63 0.03 3.81 -2.05 0.94 1988 0.05 1.30 15.75 0.20 17.30 2.50 0.07 1.74 0.05 4.37 -2.45 1.22 1989 0.07 1.39 17.16 0.15 18.77 2.64 0.11 1.84 0.08 4.66 -2.57 1.28 1990 0.07 1.55 17.12 0.08 18.82 2.77 0.09 1.82 0.07 4.75 -2.70 1.46 1991 0.08 1.80 16.35 0.10 18.33 2.85 0.13 2.13 0.03 5.14 -2.77 1.67 1992 0.10 2.16 16.97 0.15 19.37 2.68 0.22 2.01 0.03 4.94 -2.59 1.94 1993 0.20 2.40 18.51 0.16 21.27 1.96 0.14 2.12 0.04 4.26 -1.76 2.25 1994 0.22 2.68 19.24 0.24 22.39 1.88 0.16 1.99 0.03 4.06 -1.66 2.52 1995 0.24 2.90 18.88 0.24 22.26 2.32 0.16 1.99 0.05 4.51 -2.08 2.74 1996 0.20 3.00 20.29 0.21 23.70 2.37 0.16 2.06 0.05 4.63 -2.17 2.85 1997 0.19 3.06 21.74 0.22 25.22 2.19 0.16 2.10 0.06 4.51 -2.01 2.90 1998 0.22 3.22 22.91 0.23 26.58 2.09 0.16 1.97 0.07 4.30 -1.87 3.06 1999 0.23 3.66 23.13 0.23 27.25 1.53 0.16 1.95 0.07 3.71 -1.30 3.50 2000 0.31 3.87 24.53 0.26 28.97 1.53 0.25 2.15 0.08 4.01 -1.21 3.62 2001 0.49 4.07 25.40 0.19 30.16 1.27 0.38 2.04 0.09 3.77 -0.77 3.69 2002 0.42 4.10 24.68 0.20 29.41 1.03 0.52 2.04 0.07 3.66 -0.61 3.58 2003 0.63 R4.10 R26.22 0.17 R31.11 1.12 0.70 R2.15 0.10 R4.07 -0.49 R3.40 2004P 0.68 4.36 27.68 0.29 33.00 1.25 0.86 2.21 0.11 4.43 -0.57 3.49 

1 Includes imports into the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977. 2 Coal coke and small amounts of electricity transmitted across U.S. borders with Canada and Mexico.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.005 quadrillion Btu and greater than -0.005 quadrillion Btu. Notes: • Includes trade between the United States (50 States and the District of Columbia) and its

territories and possessions. • See Note 3, "Electricity Imports a

or net import items may not equal sum of components due to ind

Web Page: For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://wwwSources: Tables 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 7.7, 8.1, A2, A4, A5, and A6.
Figure 1.5 Energy Consumption and Expenditures Indicators

Energy Consumption, 1949-2004 Energy Expenditures, 1970-2001 Energy Consumption p

Gross Domestic Produ

Energy Consumption per Person, Energy Expenditures per Person, Energy Expenditures a1949-2004 1970-2001 Gross Domestic Produ12 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

200400600800

Billion Nominal Dollars

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

20406080

100120

Quadrillion Btu

1950 1960 19

05

10152025

MBtu1 per Chained (2000) Dollar

1 Thousand Btu. Source: Table 1.5.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

100200300400500

Million Btu

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

500

1,0001,5002,0002,5003,000

Nominal Dollars

1970 1975 1980 

05

1015

Percent
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 1.5 Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Emissions Indicators, Selected Years, 1949-2

Year

Energy

Consumption

Energy

Consumption

per Person

Energy

Expenditures

Energy

Expenditures

per Person

Gross

Domestic

Product (GDP)

Energy

Expenditures

as Share of GDP

Gross

Domestic

Product (GDP)

Energy

Consumption

per Dollar of GDP

G

pe

Quadrillion

Btu

Million

Btu

Million 

Nominal

Dollars

Nominal

Dollars

Billion

Nominal

Dollars Percent

Billion

Chained

(2000) Dollars

Thousand Btu

per Chained

(2000) Dollar

Met

Dio

per 

(

1949 31.98 215 NA NA 267.3 NA 1,634.6 19.57 1950 34.62 229 NA NA 293.8 NA 1,777.3 19.48 1955 40.21 244 NA NA 414.8 NA 2,212.8 18.17 1960 45.09 251 NA NA 526.4 NA 2,501.8 18.02 1965 54.02 279 NA NA 719.1 NA 3,191.1 16.93 1970 67.84 334 R82,911 408 1,038.5 8.0 3,771.9 17.99 1971 69.29 335 R90,071 435 1,127.1 8.0 3,898.6 17.77 1972 72.70 347 R98,108 469 1,238.3 7.9 4,105.0 17.71 1973 75.71 358 R111,928 R530 1,382.7 8.1 4,341.5 17.44 1974 73.99 347 R153,370 719 1,500.0 10.2 4,319.6 17.13 1975 72.00 334 R171,846 R798 1,638.3 10.5 4,311.2 16.70 1976 76.01 349 R193,897 891 1,825.3 10.6 4,540.9 16.74 1977 78.00 355 R220,461 1,003 2,030.9 10.9 4,750.5 16.42 1978 79.99 360 R239,230 1,077 2,294.7 10.4 5,015.0 15.95 1979 80.90 360 R297,543 1,325 2,563.3 11.6 5,173.4 15.64 1980 78.29 346 R374,367 R1,653 2,789.5 13.4 5,161.7 15.17 1981 76.34 333 R427,823 1,864 3,128.4 13.7 5,291.7 14.43 1982 73.25 316 R426,201 R1,840 3,255.0 13.1 5,189.3 14.12 1983 73.10 313 R417,084 1,784 3,536.7 11.8 5,423.8 13.48 1984 76.74 325 R434,541 R1,843 3,933.2 11.0 5,813.6 13.20 1985 76.47 321 R437,586 R1,839 4,220.3 10.4 6,053.7 12.63 1986 76.78 320 R382,945 R1,595 4,462.8 8.6 6,263.6 12.26 1987 79.23 327 R395,994 R1,634 4,739.5 R8.4 6,475.1 12.24 1988 82.84 339 R409,876 R1,676 5,103.8 8.0 6,742.7 12.29 1989 84.96 344 R436,988 1,770 5,484.4 8.0 6,981.4 12.17 1990 R84.70 340 R471,951 R1,897 5,803.1 8.1 7,112.5 R11.91 1991 R84.64 R335 R469,880 R1,857 5,995.9 7.8 7,100.5 R11.92 1992 R85.99 335 R474,836 R1,851 6,337.7 7.5 7,336.6 11.72 1993 R87.62 337 R491,135 R1,890 6,657.4 7.4 7,532.7 11.63 1994 R89.28 339 R504,163 R1,916 7,072.2 R7.1 7,835.5 11.39 1995 R91.25 343 R514,126 R1,931 7,397.7 R6.9 8,031.7 11.36 1996 R94.26 350 R559,875 R2,078 7,816.9 7.2 8,328.9 R11.32 1997 R94.77 R348 R566,515 R2,078 8,304.3 R6.8 8,703.5 R10.89 1998 R95.19 345 R524,439 R1,901 8,747.0 6.0 9,066.9 R10.50 1999 R96.84 347 R555,018 R1,989 9,268.4 6.0 9,470.3 R10.23 2000 R98.96 R352 R689,384 R2,450 9,817.0 R7.0 9,817.0 R10.08 2001 R96.47 338 693,599 2,433 R10,128.0 6.8 R9,890.7 R9.75 2002 R97.88 340 NA NA R10,487.0 NA R10,074.8 R9.71 2003 R98.31 338 NA NA R11,004.0 NA R10,381.3 R9.47 2004P 99.74 340 NA NA 11,735.0 NA 10,841.9 9.20 

1 Greenhouse gas emissions from anthropogenic sources. See Table 12.1. 2 Carbon dioxide emissions from energy consumption. See Table 12.2

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Note: See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary. 

Web Page: For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://wwwSources: Energy Consumption: Table 1.3. Energy Exp

Product: Table D1. Population Data: Table D1. GreenhouDioxide Emissions: Table 12.2. Other Columns: Calculated 
Figure 1.6 State-Level Energy Consumption and Consumption per Person, 2001

ConsumptionConsumption per Person14 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

TX

CA

FL NY OH PA IL LA MI GA IN NC NJ VA TN WA AL KY WI MO MN SC MA OK MD AZ CO MS IA AR OR KS CT WV AK UT NM NV NE ID ME W

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 4

Ranked by State

0

2

468

10

12

14

Quadrillion Btu

AK

WY

LA

ND

TX

KY IN OK AL WV AR MS MT IA KS TN ME SC ID NM DE NE MN OH WI GA WA US SD MO VA PA UT NC MI IL OR NV NJ DC CO VT M

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 4

Ranked by State and U.S. Average

0.0

0.2

0.40.60.81.0

1.2

1.4

Billion Btu

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared. Source: Table 1.6.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 1.6 State-Level Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, 2001

Rank

Consumption Consumption per Person Expenditures Expenditures per Person 

State Trillion Btu State Million Btu State Million Dollars State Dollars 

 1 Texas 12,028.8 Alaska 1,164.3 California 72,924 Wyoming 4,702  2 California 7,853.4 Wyoming 889.5 Texas 72,652 Alaska 4,394  3 Florida 4,134.8 Louisiana 783.6 New York 39,903 Louisiana 4,036  4 New York 4,134.6 North Dakota 639.5 Florida 31,605 North Dakota 3,525  5 Ohio 3,982.3 Texas 563.7 Pennsylvania 29,888 Texas 3,404  6 Pennsylvania 3,922.5 Kentucky 462.1 Illinois 29,386 Oklahoma 2,936  7 Illinois 3,870.2 Indiana 457.3 Ohio 29,070 Maine 2,822  8 Louisiana 3,499.5 Oklahoma 444.0 Michigan 21,913 Indiana 2,786  9 Michigan 3,120.0 Alabama 434.9 New Jersey 20,178 Iowa 2,783  10 Georgia 2,880.6 West Virginia 422.8 Georgia 19,361 Montana 2,741  11 Indiana 2,801.7 Arkansas 411.0 North Carolina 18,865 Arkansas 2,726  12 North Carolina 2,590.5 Mississippi 410.3 Louisiana 18,026 Kentucky 2,709  13 New Jersey 2,500.4 Montana 403.5 Indiana 17,066 Vermont 2,709  14 Virginia 2,314.6 Iowa 392.4 Virginia 16,290 Kansas 2,623  15 Tennessee 2,195.4 Kansas 386.5 Massachusetts 15,957 Mississippi 2,610  16 Washington 2,033.9 Tennessee 382.1 Missouri 13,822 Alabama 2,593  17 Alabama 1,942.6 Maine 381.9 Tennessee 13,808 District of Columbia 2,583  18 Kentucky 1,879.5 South Carolina 381.5 Wisconsin 13,358 Nebraska 2,567  19 Wisconsin 1,863.4 Idaho 379.2 Washington 12,906 Ohio 2,553  20 Missouri 1,815.0 New Mexico 371.3 Minnesota 12,447 Minnesota 2,497  21 Minnesota 1,744.5 Delaware 367.6 Alabama 11,580 Delaware 2,495  22 South Carolina 1,548.8 Nebraska 364.8 Maryland 11,446 Massachusetts 2,493  23 Massachusetts 1,548.8 Minnesota 349.9 Kentucky 11,018 New Hampshire 2,485  24 Oklahoma 1,539.5 Ohio 349.8 Arizona 10,672 South Dakota 2,481  25 Maryland 1,420.4 Wisconsin 344.7 Oklahoma 10,181 Wisconsin 2,471  26 Arizona 1,353.0 Georgia 343.1 South Carolina 9,867 Missouri 2,452  27 Colorado 1,270.0 Washington 339.4 Colorado 9,279 Nevada 2,448  28 Mississippi 1,172.6 South Dakota 327.1 Iowa 8,160 South Carolina 2,430  29 Iowa 1,150.7 Missouri 322.0 Connecticut 8,062 Pennsylvania 2,430  30 Arkansas 1,106.3 Virginia 321.8 Mississippi 7,459 Tennessee 2,403  31 Oregon 1,064.3 Pennsylvania 318.9 Oregon 7,411 West Virginia 2,385  32 Kansas 1,043.7 Utah 318.2 Arkansas 7,340 Idaho 2,378  33 Connecticut 853.1 North Carolina 316.1 Kansas 7,082 New Jersey 2,373  34 West Virginia 761.7 Michigan 311.8 Nevada 5,127 New Mexico 2,358  35 Alaska 736.6 Illinois 309.2 Utah 4,533 Connecticut 2,349  36 Utah 725.4 Oregon 306.5 Nebraska 4,412 Illinois 2,348  37 New Mexico 679.2 Nevada 300.5 New Mexico 4,313 Georgia 2,306  38 Nevada 629.4 New Jersey 294.0 West Virginia 4,297 North Carolina 2,302  39 Nebraska 627.1 District of Columbia 293.7 Maine 3,625 Hawaii 2,295  40 Idaho 501.0 Colorado 286.8 Idaho 3,142 Virginia 2,265  41 Maine 490.7 Vermont 266.9 New Hampshire 3,128 Michigan 2,190  42 Wyoming 439.1 Maryland 263.8 Hawaii 2,812 Rhode Island 2,184  43 North Dakota 406.9 New Hampshire 255.9 Alaska 2,780 Washington 2,154  44 Montana 365.6 Arizona 255.4 Montana 2,484 Oregon 2,134  45 New Hampshire 322.2 Florida 252.8 Wyoming 2,322 Maryland 2,126  46 Delaware 292.5 Connecticut 248.5 Rhode Island 2,313 California 2,112  47 Hawaii 282.2 Massachusetts 242.0 North Dakota 2,243 Colorado 2,095  48 South Dakota 248.0 Hawaii 230.3 Delaware 1,985 New York 2,092  49 Rhode Island 227.3 California 227.4 South Dakota 1,881 Arizona 2,014  50 District of Columbia 168.2 New York 216.8 Vermont 1,660 Utah 1,988  51 Vermont 163.6 Rhode Island 214.7 District of Columbia 1,479 Florida 1,932 

 United States 196,275.3 United States 337.7 United States 2693,599 United States 2,433 

1 Includes 29.3 trillion Btu of coal coke net imports, which are not allocated to the States. 2 Includes $82 million for coal coke net imports, which are not allocated to the States.

Note: Rankings based on unrounded data.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/_states.html.Sources: • Consumption: Energy Information Administration (EIA), "State Energy Data 2001:

Consumption" (December 2004), Tables R1 and R2. • Expe

Data 2001: Prices and Expenditures" (January 2005), Table RState-level data by end-use sector and type of energy. Consu2001, and price and expenditure estimates are annual 1970 thro
Figure 1.7 Heating Degree-Days by Month, 1949-2004

16 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1963

October November December January February Ma

0

200400600800

1,0001,200

Heating Degree-Days

2003-2004 Heating Season Heating Season 30-Year Normals1 Record High and Lo

1 Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000. Source: Table 1.7.

2004

1954

1990

1956

2001

1976

1976

1977

1989

1978
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 1.7 Heating Degree-Days by Month, Selected Years, 1949-2004

Year January February March April May June July August September October No

 1949 858 701 611 330 128 21 7 9 94 209  1950 761 721 693 412 162 40 11 18 85 196  1955 927 759 600 272 121 48 9 6 56 237  1960 884 780 831 278 160 33 7 11 48 254  1965 907 780 738 355 114 48 11 14 78 271  1970 1,063 758 685 344 120 31 4 9 55 253  1971 976 760 681 375 194 29 10 12 47 187  1972 890 785 608 377 137 49 7 12 65 330  1973 893 772 504 356 182 22 6 9 61 212  1974 838 754 556 310 171 42 6 13 94 303  1975 821 742 686 449 117 37 5 13 100 235  1976 974 609 544 309 178 28 8 19 81 367  1977 1,188 751 529 270 119 38 6 13 59 295  1978 1,061 958 677 350 157 31 7 11 59 283  1979 1,079 950 575 364 148 37 6 15 58 271  1980 887 831 680 338 142 49 5 10 54 316  1981 984 689 620 260 165 25 6 11 76 327  1982 1,067 776 620 408 114 62 7 19 75 264  1983 874 706 588 421 189 35 6 5 53 251  1984 1,000 645 704 371 172 28 7 7 88 223  1985 1,057 807 557 260 123 47 5 17 69 243  1986 859 734 542 295 123 30 9 18 76 258  1987 920 714 573 309 107 20 8 13 61 345  1988 1,004 778 594 344 134 30 3 5 72 352  1989 789 832 603 344 163 32 5 14 73 259  1990 728 655 535 321 184 29 6 10 56 246  1991 921 639 564 287 98 30 6 7 69 242  1992 852 644 603 345 152 46 14 24 74 301  1993 860 827 664 368 128 38 11 9 89 302  1994 1,031 813 594 293 174 21 6 16 65 268  1995 847 750 556 375 174 31 4 7 77 233  1996 945 748 713 360 165 27 8 9 72 276  1997 932 672 552 406 198 31 7 16 63 273  1998 765 623 596 331 109 41 4 5 33 245  1999 861 647 645 319 139 31 5 12 62 275  2000 886 643 494 341 115 29 12 12 69 244  2001 935 725 669 302 115 29 8 6 71 267  2002 778 670 624 282 185 23 3 8 38 299  2003 R944 R801 R572 R344 R165 R41 R4 R5 R62 R261  2004P 957 769 487 302 105 28 5 16 42 241 

Normals1 917 732 593 345 159 39 9 15 77 282 

1 Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • This table excludes Alaska and Hawaii. • Degree-days are relative measurements of outdoor

air temperature. Heating degree-days are deviations below the mean daily temperature of 65° F. Forexample, a weather station recording a mean daily temperature of 40° F would report 25 heatingdegree-days. • Temperature information recorded by weather stations is used to calculate State-widedegree-day averages based on resident State population. Beginning in 2002, data are weighted by theestimated 2000 population. The population-weighted State figures are aggregated into Census divisions

and the national average.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://

• For current data, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/mer/overvi

Sources: • 1949-2003 and Normals—U.S. Departmen

Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Climatic Data CClimatology Series 5-1. • 2004—Energy Information Adminis2004-January 2005 issues, Table 1.10, which reports data from Prediction Center, Camp Springs, Maryland.
Figure 1.8 Cooling Degree-Days by Month, 1949-2004

18 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

April May June July August Septemb

0

100200300400

Cooling Degree-Days

2004 Cooling Season Cooling Season 30-Year Normals1 Record High and Low 

1967

1950

1991

1992

1976

1955

1 Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000. Source: Table 1.8.

19

1983

1954

1955

1952

1995
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 1.8 Cooling Degree-Days by Month, Selected Years, 1949-2004

Year January February March April May June July August September October No

 1949 16 14 14 27 110 253 367 294 131 70  1950 27 12 13 21 105 201 268 244 128 78  1955 6 7 20 45 121 161 381 355 182 50  1960 7 4 6 37 76 215 301 302 181 59  1965 9 7 10 42 125 179 280 273 155 48  1970 3 4 10 36 104 201 323 313 185 48  1971 8 7 10 22 68 244 288 269 182 77  1972 15 6 22 36 88 174 299 276 169 44  1973 7 3 24 18 75 236 318 303 166 66  1974 21 6 28 29 101 173 317 267 120 40  1975 14 11 14 24 117 203 301 296 120 55  1976 5 11 23 27 64 208 282 243 127 27  1977 2 5 21 35 121 212 351 293 180 44  1978 3 1 10 31 93 218 310 300 180 52  1979 4 4 13 32 82 187 295 266 160 53  1980 9 4 13 23 95 199 374 347 192 42  1981 3 6 10 52 75 257 333 275 138 43  1982 6 10 21 26 115 165 318 262 140 47  1983 6 5 9 13 72 193 353 362 172 58  1984 5 6 14 24 92 233 291 312 143 70  1985 3 5 22 39 108 193 313 269 145 68  1986 8 10 17 33 106 231 340 259 161 52  1987 5 7 13 23 127 244 334 298 156 40  1988 5 5 13 28 89 218 359 348 149 45  1989 15 7 19 36 88 208 312 266 138 49  1990 15 14 21 29 86 234 316 291 172 57  1991 10 9 19 42 147 235 336 305 149 62  1992 6 10 15 29 77 170 286 228 150 49  1993 13 5 11 19 91 207 347 317 146 47  1994 7 9 18 37 76 262 328 263 141 50  1995 7 7 18 29 91 202 348 363 150 61  1996 7 6 8 26 116 226 299 287 139 45  1997 8 11 31 19 81 189 315 268 171 48  1998 12 7 10 23 135 228 350 337 215 62  1999 12 11 12 40 94 219 374 305 152 55  2000 10 10 25 28 131 221 284 302 156 50  2001 3 12 11 37 114 220 302 333 138 46  2002 8 6 17 53 92 242 369 331 202 57  2003 R5 R7 R24 R30 R110 R187 R336 R345 R156 R65  2004P 5 5 26 41 140 208 310 254 178 69 

Normals1 9 8 18 30 97 213 321 290 155 53 

1 Based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • This table excludes Alaska and Hawaii. • Degree-days are relative measurements of outdoor

air temperature. Cooling degree-days are deviations above the mean daily temperature of 65° F. Forexample, a weather station recording a mean daily temperature of 78° F would report 13 coolingdegree-days. • Temperature information recorded by weather stations is used to calculate State-widedegree-day averages based on resident State population. Beginning in 2002, data are weighted by theestimated 2000 population. The population-weighted State figures are aggregated into Census divisions

and the national average.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://

• For current data, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/mer/overvi

Sources: • 1949-2003 and Normals—U.S. Departmen

Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Climatic Data CClimatology Series 5-2. • 2004—Energy Information Adminis2004-January 2005 issues, Table 1.11, which reports data from Prediction Center, Camp Springs, Maryland.
Figure 1.9 Heating Degree-Days by Census Division

U.S.1 Heating Degree-Days, 1949-2004Heating Degree-Days by Census Division, 200420 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,000

Degree-Days 1 Excludes Alaska and Hawaii.

2 Normals are based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.

Note: See Appendix C for Census Divisions.Source: Table 1.9.

Atlantic

30-Year Normal2: 4,524

High: 4,958 (1978)

England Atlantic Central Central Central Central

6,607

5,704

6,050 6,182

2,718

3,281

2,043

6,612

5,910

6,498 6,750

2,853

3,603

2,286

5,2

New Middle East North West North South East South West South M

0

2,0004,0006,0008,000

Degree-Days

3
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 1.9 Heating Degree-Days by Census Division, Selected Years, 1949-2004

Year

New

England

Middle

Atlantic

East North

Central

West North

Central

South

Atlantic

East South

Central

West South

Central Mountain 

 1949 5,829 5,091 5,801 6,479 2,367 2,942 2,133 5,483  1950 6,470 5,765 6,619 7,136 2,713 3,315 1,974 4,930  1955 6,577 5,708 6,101 6,630 2,786 3,314 2,083 5,517  1960 6,561 5,901 6,544 6,884 3,147 3,958 2,551 5,328  1965 6,825 5,933 6,284 6,646 2,830 3,374 2,078 5,318  1970 6,839 5,943 6,455 6,835 2,997 3,685 2,396 5,436  1971 6,695 5,761 6,236 6,594 2,763 3,395 1,985 5,585  1972 7,001 6,064 6,772 7,094 2,759 3,438 2,259 5,352  1973 6,120 5,327 5,780 6,226 2,718 3,309 2,256 5,562  1974 6,621 5,670 6,259 6,478 2,551 3,171 2,080 5,281  1975 6,362 5,477 6,169 6,678 2,640 3,336 2,187 5,693  1976 6,839 6,097 6,768 6,670 3,040 3,881 2,446 5,303  1977 6,579 5,889 6,538 6,506 3,047 3,812 2,330 5,060  1978 7,061 6,330 7,095 7,324 3,187 4,062 2,764 5,370  1979 6,348 5,851 6,921 7,369 2,977 3,900 2,694 5,564  1980 6,900 6,143 6,792 6,652 3,099 3,855 2,378 5,052  1981 6,612 5,989 6,446 6,115 3,177 3,757 2,162 4,671  1982 6,697 5,866 6,542 7,000 2,721 3,357 2,227 5,544  1983 6,305 5,733 6,423 6,901 3,057 3,892 2,672 5,359  1984 6,442 5,777 6,418 6,582 2,791 3,451 2,194 5,592  1985 6,571 5,660 6,546 7,119 2,736 3,602 2,466 5,676  1986 6,517 5,665 6,150 6,231 2,686 3,294 2,058 4,870  1987 6,546 5,699 5,810 5,712 2,937 3,466 2,292 5,153  1988 6,715 6,088 6,590 6,634 3,122 3,800 2,346 5,148  1989 6,887 6,134 6,834 6,996 2,944 3,713 2,439 5,173  1990 5,848 4,998 5,681 6,011 2,230 2,929 1,944 5,146  1991 5,960 5,177 5,906 6,319 2,503 3,211 2,178 5,259  1992 6,844 5,964 6,297 6,262 2,852 3,498 2,145 5,054  1993 6,728 5,948 6,646 7,168 2,981 3,768 2,489 5,514  1994 6,672 5,934 6,378 6,509 2,724 3,394 2,108 5,002  1995 6,559 5,831 6,664 6,804 2,967 3,626 2,145 4,953  1996 6,679 5,986 6,947 7,345 3,106 3,782 2,285 5,011  1997 6,662 5,809 6,617 6,762 2,845 3,664 2,418 5,189  1998 5,680 4,812 5,278 5,774 2,429 3,025 2,021 5,059  1999 5,952 5,351 5,946 5,921 2,652 3,142 1,835 4,768  2000 6,489 5,774 6,284 6,456 2,959 3,548 2,194 4,881  2001 6,059 5,297 5,824 6,185 2,666 3,314 2,200 4,954  2002 6,099 5,372 6,122 6,625 2,671 3,420 2,307 5,028  2003 R6,851 R6,090 R6,528 R6,539 R2,891 R3,503 R2,230 R4,616  2004P 6,607 5,704 6,050 6,182 2,718 3,281 2,043 4,829 

Normals2 6,612 5,910 6,498 6,750 2,853 3,603 2,286 5,209 

1 Excludes Alaska and Hawaii. 2 Normals are based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • Degree-days are relative measurements of outdoor air temperature. Heating degree-days are

deviations below the mean daily temperature of 65° F. For example, a weather station recording a meandaily temperature of 40° F would report 25 heating degree-days. • Temperature information recorded byweather stations is used to calculate State-wide degree-day averages based on resident State population. Beginning in 2002, data are weighted by the estimated 2000 population. The population-weighted Statefigures are aggregated into Census divisions and the national average. • See Appendix C for Census

divisions.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://

• For current data, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/mer/overvi

Sources: • 1949-2003 and Normals—U.S. Departmen

Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Climatic Data CClimatology Series 5-1. • 2004—Energy Information AdminFebruary 2004-January 2005 issues, Table 1.10, which reports dClimate Prediction Center, Camp Springs, Maryland. Census current year monthly statistics shown in the cited issues of the M
Figure 1.10 Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division

U.S.1 Cooling Degree-Days, 1949-2004Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division, 200422 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

500

1,0001,5002,000

Degree-Days 1 Excludes Alaska and Hawaii.

2 Normals are based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.

Note: See Appendix C for Census Divisions.Source: Table 1.10.

30-Year Normal2: 1,215

Low: 1,029 (1976)

401

629 589

769

2,093

1,630

2,550

418

655 708

928

1,964

1,549

2,448

1,2

New Middle East North West North South East South West South 

0

1,0002,0003,000

Degree-Days

30-Year Norrmal2 2004

England Atlantic Central Central Central Atlantic Central
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 1.10 Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division, Selected Years, 1949-2004

Year

New

England

Middle

Atlantic

East North

Central

West North

Central

South

Atlantic

East South

Central

West South

Central Mountain 

 1949 654 901 949 1,038 2,128 1,776 2,510 1,198  1950 353 542 602 729 1,919 1,568 2,473 1,120  1955 602 934 1,043 1,238 2,045 1,791 2,643 1,124  1960 368 640 722 961 1,926 1,613 2,492 1,308  1965 352 638 688 914 1,931 1,634 2,579 961  1970 479 779 827 1,066 2,007 1,662 2,375 1,163  1971 465 730 783 960 1,932 1,577 2,448 1,074  1972 364 614 643 908 1,843 1,525 2,513 1,141  1973 551 830 864 1,009 2,000 1,665 2,359 1,123  1974 393 614 626 878 1,842 1,382 2,342 1,188  1975 467 708 788 1,003 2,011 1,520 2,261 1,031  1976 402 597 619 939 1,675 1,232 2,035 1,058  1977 407 689 823 1,122 2,020 1,808 2,720 1,256  1978 378 615 741 1,027 1,972 1,685 2,638 1,174  1979 434 588 618 871 1,833 1,412 2,242 1,164  1980 487 793 816 1,217 2,075 1,834 2,734 1,202  1981 436 657 658 924 1,889 1,576 2,498 1,331  1982 321 541 643 859 1,958 1,537 2,502 1,121  1983 538 799 934 1,178 1,925 1,579 2,288 1,174  1984 468 649 724 955 1,865 1,508 2,469 1,190  1985 372 627 643 830 2,004 1,596 2,599 1,210  1986 301 626 738 1,021 2,149 1,792 2,618 1,188  1987 406 729 918 1,115 2,067 1,718 2,368 1,196  1988 545 782 975 1,230 1,923 1,582 2,422 1,320  1989 426 658 652 864 1,977 1,417 2,295 1,330  1990 477 656 647 983 2,143 1,622 2,579 1,294  1991 511 854 959 1,125 2,197 1,758 2,499 1,182  1992 276 460 449 637 1,777 1,293 2,201 1,206  1993 486 764 735 817 2,092 1,622 2,369 1,113  1994 548 722 664 887 2,005 1,448 2,422 1,436  1995 507 803 921 985 2,081 1,671 2,448 1,234  1996 400 623 629 821 1,867 1,474 2,515 1,381  1997 395 586 574 873 1,886 1,393 2,361 1,335  1998 505 788 889 1,138 2,277 1,928 3,026 1,271  1999 631 882 855 970 2,024 1,733 2,645 1,242  2000 317 542 658 1,023 1,929 1,736 2,787 1,488  2001 519 722 744 1,028 1,891 1,535 2,565 1,498  2002 570 863 933 1,049 2,209 1,808 2,545 1,543  2003 R522 R685 R645 R946 R2,007 R1,494 R2,522 R1,639  2004P 401 629 589 769 2,093 1,630 2,550 1,410 

Normals2 418 655 708 928 1,964 1,549 2,448 1,244 

1 Excludes Alaska and Hawaii. 2 Normals are based on calculations of data from 1971 through 2000.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • Degree-days are relative measurements of outdoor air temperature. Cooling degree-days are

deviations above the mean daily temperature of 65° F. For example, a weather station recording a meandaily temperature of 78° F would report 13 cooling degree-days. • Temperature information recorded byweather stations is used to calculate State-wide degree-day averages based on resident State population. Beginning in 2002, data are weighted by the estimated 2000 population. The population-weighted Statefigures are aggregated into Census divisions and the national average. • See Appendix C for Census

divisions.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://

• For current data, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/mer/overvi

Sources: • 1949-2003 and Normals—U.S. Departmen

Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Climatic Data CClimatology Series 5-2. • 2004—Energy Information Admini2005), Table 1.11, which reports data from NOAA, National WCamp Springs, Maryland.
Figure 1.11 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency

Total and U.S. Department of Defense, Fiscal Years 1975-2004Non-Defense Agencies, Fiscal Year 200424 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 General Services Administration.2 National Aeronautics and Space Administration.3 Health and Human Services.4 See Table 1.11 for list of agencies.

Notes: • The U.S. Government’s fiscal year was October 

1975 and 1976 when it was July 1 through June 30. • Beshould not be compared.

Source: Table 1.11.

1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 

0

400800

1,2001,600

Trillion Btu

Total

Non-Defense Agenci

Defense

42.0

30.3 29.9

18.3 18.3

9.9 9.0 9.0

6.8 

Postal Energy Veterans Justice GSA1 NASA2 HHS3 Interior Agriculture 

0

1020304050

Trillion Btu

Service Affairs
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 1.11 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency, Fiscal Years 1975-2004

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Agencies

Agriculture Defense Energy GSA 1 HHS 2 Interior Justice NASA 3

Postal

Service

Transportation Vet

Af

1975 9.5 1,360.2 50.4 22.3 6.5 9.4 5.9 13.4 30.5 19.3 1976 9.3 1,183.3 50.3 20.6 6.7 9.4 5.7 12.4 30.0 19.5 1977 8.9 1,192.3 51.6 20.4 6.9 9.5 5.9 12.0 32.7 20.4 1978 9.1 1,157.8 50.1 20.4 6.5 9.2 5.9 11.2 30.9 20.6 1979 9.2 1,175.8 49.6 19.6 6.4 10.4 6.4 11.1 29.3 19.6 1980 8.6 1,183.1 47.4 18.1 6.0 8.5 5.7 10.4 27.2 19.2 1981 7.9 1,239.5 47.3 18.0 6.7 7.6 5.4 10.0 27.9 18.8 1982 7.6 1,264.5 49.0 18.1 6.4 7.4 5.8 10.1 27.5 19.1 1983 7.4 1,248.3 49.5 16.1 6.2 7.7 5.5 10.3 26.5 19.4 1984 7.9 1,292.1 51.6 16.2 6.4 8.4 6.4 10.6 27.7 19.8 1985 8.4 1,250.6 52.2 19.3 6.0 7.8 8.2 10.9 27.8 19.6 1986 6.8 1,222.8 46.9 14.0 6.2 6.9 8.6 11.2 28.0 19.4 1987 7.3 1,280.5 48.5 13.1 6.6 6.6 8.1 11.3 28.5 19.0 1988 7.8 1,165.8 49.9 12.4 6.4 7.0 9.4 11.3 29.6 18.7 1989 8.7 1,274.4 44.2 12.7 6.7 7.1 7.7 12.4 30.3 18.5 1990 9.6 1,241.7 R43.5 15.7 7.1 7.4 7.0 12.4 30.6 19.0 1991 9.6 1,269.3 42.1 14.0 6.2 7.1 8.0 12.5 30.8 19.0 1992 9.1 1,104.0 44.3 13.8 6.8 7.0 7.5 12.6 31.7 17.0 1993 9.3 1,048.8 43.4 14.1 7.2 7.5 9.1 12.4 33.7 19.4 1994 9.4 977.0 42.1 14.0 7.5 7.9 10.3 12.6 35.0 19.8 1995 9.0 926.0 47.3 13.7 6.1 6.4 10.2 12.4 36.2 18.7 1996 9.1 904.5 44.6 14.5 6.6 4.3 12.1 11.5 36.4 19.6 1997 7.4 880.0 43.1 14.4 7.9 6.6 12.0 12.0 40.8 19.1 1998 7.9 837.1 31.5 14.1 7.4 6.4 15.8 11.7 39.5 18.5 1999 7.8 810.7 27.0 14.4 7.1 7.5 15.4 11.4 39.8 22.6 2000 7.4 779.1 30.5 17.6 8.0 7.8 19.7 11.1 43.3 21.2 2001 7.4 787.2 31.1 18.4 8.5 9.5 19.7 10.9 43.4 17.8 2002 R7.2 R837.5 R30.7 17.5 8.0 R8.2 R17.7 R10.7 R41.6 R18.3 2003 R7.2 R904.4 R30.7 R18.6 R8.7 R7.6 R18.0 R10.1 R42.6 R5.6 R2004P 6.8 961.2 30.3 18.3 9.0 9.0 18.3 9.9 42.0 5.4 

1 General Services Administration. 2 Health and Human Services. 3 National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 4 Includes National Archives and Records Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, Panama

Canal Commission, Tennessee Valley Authority, U.S. Department of Labor, National Science Foundation,Federal Trade Commission, Federal Communications Commission, Environmental Protection Agency,U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, RailroadRetirement Board, Commodity Futures Trading Commission, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission,Nuclear Regulatory Commission, U.S. Department of State, U.S. Department of the Treasury, SmallBusiness Administration, Office of Personnel Management, Federal Emergency Management Agency,Central Intelligence Agency, Social Security Administration, and U.S. Information Agency (International

Broadcasting Bureau).

R = Revised. P = Preliminary. Notes: • The U.S. Government’s fiscal year was October 1 th

1976, when it was July 1 through June 30. • Data include energforeign operations, including aviation and ocean bunkering, primU.S. Government energy use for electricity generation a• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent r

Web Page: See http://www.eere.energy.gov/femp/aboutfem

related information.

Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency an

Energy Management Programs.
Figure 1.12 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Source, Fiscal Years 1975-2004

By Major Energy Source By Major Petroleum Product26 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Jet Fu

Notes: • The U.S. Government’s fiscal year was October 1 through September 30, except in

1975 and 1976 when it was July 1 through June 30. • Because vertical scales differ, graphsshould not be compared.

Source: Table 1.12.

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

200400600800

1,0001,200

Trillion Btu

1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

200400600800

Trillion Btu

Electricity

Natural Gas

Coal

Petroleum

Motor Gasoline

Distillate and Re
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 1.12 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Source, Fiscal Years 1975-2004

 (Trillion Btu)

Year Coal

Natural

Gas

Petroleum

Electricit

Aviation

Gasoline

Distillate and

Residual Fuel Oil Jet Fuel

Motor

Gasoline

LPG 1

and Other 2 Total

1975 77.9 166.2 22.0 376.0 707.4 63.2 5.6 1,174.2 141.5 1976 71.3 151.8 11.6 329.7 610.0 60.4 4.7 1,016.4 139.3 1977 68.4 141.2 8.8 348.5 619.2 61.4 4.1 1,042.1 141.1 1978 66.0 144.7 6.2 332.3 601.1 60.1 3.0 1,002.9 141.0 1979 65.1 148.9 4.7 327.1 618.6 59.1 3.7 1,013.1 141.2 1980 63.5 147.3 4.9 307.7 638.7 56.5 4.0 1,011.8 141.9 1981 65.1 142.2 4.6 351.3 653.3 53.2 3.7 1,066.2 144.5 1982 68.6 146.2 3.6 349.4 672.7 53.1 3.9 1,082.8 147.5 1983 62.4 147.8 2.6 329.5 673.4 51.6 4.0 1,061.1 151.5 1984 65.3 157.4 1.9 342.9 693.7 51.2 4.1 1,093.8 155.9 1985 64.2 149.8 1.9 291.0 705.7 50.4 4.0 1,053.0 167.9 1986 63.8 140.9 1.4 271.6 710.2 45.3 3.9 1,032.4 155.8 1987 67.0 145.6 1.0 319.5 702.3 43.1 4.0 1,069.9 169.9 1988 60.2 144.6 6.0 284.8 617.2 41.2 3.2 952.4 171.2 1989 48.7 152.4 0.8 245.3 761.7 41.1 5.7 1,054.5 188.6 1990 44.2 157.6 0.5 245.2 732.4 37.2 6.4 1,021.8 R193.4 1991 45.9 154.1 0.4 232.6 774.5 34.1 9.0 1,050.7 192.6 1992 51.7 151.2 1.0 200.6 628.2 35.6 11.4 876.8 192.5 1993 38.3 152.9 0.7 187.0 612.4 34.5 9.3 843.9 193.0 1994 35.0 143.9 0.6 198.5 550.7 29.5 10.9 790.2 190.9 1995 31.7 149.7 0.3 178.5 522.3 31.9 11.4 744.4 185.3 1996 23.3 147.4 0.2 170.6 513.0 27.6 21.7 733.2 184.4 1997 22.5 154.0 0.3 180.1 475.7 39.0 17.2 712.2 183.9 1998 23.9 140.7 0.2 174.6 445.5 43.1 9.4 672.8 181.7 1999 21.2 137.6 0.1 162.2 444.7 41.1 2.9 650.9 180.3 2000 22.7 134.0 0.2 171.4 403.1 43.9 4.3 622.9 194.0 2001 18.8 133.9 0.2 177.0 415.2 42.5 7.9 642.9 188.7 2002 16.9 R134.1 0.2 R165.7 472.9 R41.3 R6.0 R686.1 R189.1 2003 R16.9 R136.9 R0.3 R188.8 R517.9 R45.8 R6.1 R758.7 R187.2 2004P 17.4 130.8 0.2 259.7 508.2 42.9 5.8 816.8 190.5 

1 Liquefied petroleum gases. 2 Other types of fuel used in vehicles and equipment, primarily alternative fuels like methanol, ethanol,

compressed natural gas, and biodiesel.

3 "Other" is chilled water, renewable energy, and other fuels reported as used in facilities.

R = Revised. P = Preliminary. Notes: • The U.S. Government’s fiscal year was October 1 through September 30, except in 1975 and

1976, when it was July 1 through June 30. • This table uses a conversion factor for electricity of 3,412 Btuper kilowatthour and a conversion factor for purchased steam of 1,000 Btu per pound. • Data include

energy consumed at foreign installations and in foreign operatio

primarily by the U.S. Department of Defense. U.S. Governmenuranium enrichment is excluded. • Totals may not equal sum of 

Web Page: See http://www.eere.energy.gov/femp/aboutfe

related information.

Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and R

Management Programs.
Figure 1.13 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency and Source, Fiscal Years 199

By AgencyBy Source28 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Chilled water, renewable energy, and other fuels reported as used in facilities.2 Aviation gasoline, liquefied petroleum gas, and other types of fuel used in vehicles and

equipment.

Notes: • The U.S. Government’s fiscal year runs from Octo

• Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compa

Source: Table 1.13.

755

105 74

28 62 86 

730

113 96

38 61 78 4

Petroleum Electricity Natural Gas Coal, Purchased Petroleum Electricity Na

0

200400600800

1,000

Trillion Btu

1994 2004

Department of Defense All Other Agen

Steam, and Other1 

Residual Fuel Oil Petroleum2 Gasoline Stea

508

260

43 6

817

191

131

551

199

30 12

790

191 144

5

Jet Fuel Distillate and Motor All Other Total Electricity Natural Gas Coa

0

200400600800

1,0001,2001,400

Trillion Btu

1994 2004

Petroleum
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 1.13 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency and Source, Fiscal Years 1994 and 

 (Trillion Btu)

Agency Coal

Natural

Gas

Petroleum

Elec

Aviation

Gasoline

Distillate and

Residual

Fuel Oil Jet Fuel

Motor

Gasoline

LPG 1

and Other 2 Total

Total, 1994 ....................................... 35.0 143.9 0.6 198.5 550.7 29.5 10.9 790.2 1

 Defense .......................................... 25.0 95.9 0.0 182.3 540.8 4.3 2.1 729.5 1 Energy ............................................ 9.7 10.1 0.0 2.4 0.4 1.2 0.4 4.3  Postal Service ................................. 0.0 6.0 0.0 3.2 0.0 11.2 0.0 14.3  Veterans Affairs .............................. 0.1 13.4 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.3 0.0 2.2  Transportation ................................ 0.0 1.4 0.1 1.1 6.3 0.6 5.9 14.1  General Services Administration .... 0.0 2.8 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.5  NASA 4 ........................................... 0.0 2.5 0.0 1.0 1.4 0.3 0.0 2.7  Justice ............................................ 0.1 3.6 0.1 0.5 0.7 2.5 0.0 3.8  Agriculture ...................................... 0.0 1.6 0.2 0.6 0.0 4.6 0.2 5.6  Interior ............................................ 0.1 0.5 0.1 1.3 0.1 2.1 2.0 5.5  Health and Human Services ........... 0.0 3.1 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.2 0.3 1.7  Other 5 ............................................ 0.0 2.9 0.1 2.5 1.2 2.2 0.0 6.0 

Total, 2004 P .................................... 17.4 130.8 0.2 259.7 508.2 42.9 5.8 816.8 1

 Defense .......................................... 15.3 73.7 0.0 235.4 500.9 15.3 3.7 755.3 1 Energy ............................................ 1.9 6.8 0.0 1.9 0.2 0.9 0.1 3.2  Postal Service ................................. 0.0 5.9 0.0 4.7 0.0 12.9 0.2 17.8  Veterans Affairs .............................. 0.2 15.5 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.8 0.0 2.2  Transportation ................................ 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.2 0.5 0.7 0.0 1.5  General Services Administration .... 0.0 6.6 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2  NASA 4 ........................................... 0.0 2.6 0.0 0.6 0.9 0.2 0.0 1.7  Justice ............................................ 0.0 7.5 0.1 0.4 1.6 3.4 0.0 5.4  Agriculture ...................................... 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.3 0.0 2.2 0.4 2.9  Interior ............................................ 0.0 1.5 0.0 1.3 0.0 2.4 0.8 4.6  Health and Human Services ........... 0.1 4.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.5 0.1 1.0  Other 6 ............................................ 0.0 4.5 0.0 12.8 4.1 3.7 0.4 21.0 

1 Liquefied petroleum gases. 2 Other types of fuel used in vehicles and equipment, primarily alternative fuels like methanol, ethanol,

compressed natural gas, and biodiesel.

3 "Other" is chilled water, renewable energy, and other fuels reported as used in facilities. 4 National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 5 Includes U.S. Department of Commerce, Panama Canal Commission, Tennessee Valley Authority,

U.S. Department of Labor, U.S Information Agency, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development,Federal Communications Commission, Office of Personnel Management, U.S. Department of State,Federal Emergency Management Agency, U.S. Department of the Treasury, National Archives andRecords Administration, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Railroad Retirement Board, Federal TradeCommission, Commodity Futures Trading Commission, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, andEnvironmental Protection Agency.

6 Includes National Archives and Records Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S.

Department of Labor, U.S. Department of State, Environmental Protection Agency, FederalCommunications Commission, Federal Trade Commission, Social Security Administration, International

Broadcasting Bureau, Equal Employment Opportunity Commissi

of Personnel Management, U.S. Department of Homeland SecuDevelopment, U.S. Department of the Treasury, Railroad RetirFederal Emergency Management Agency, Central Intelligence A

P=Preliminary. Notes: • The U.S. Government’s fiscal year runs from Octo

uses a conversion factor for electricity of 3,412 Btu per kilowatthsteam of 1,000 Btu per pound. • Data include energy consuoperations, including aviation and ocean bunkering, primarily bGovernment energy use for electricity generation and uranium equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: See http://www.eere.energy.gov/femp/aboutfe

related information.

Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and R

Management Programs.
Figure 1.14 Fossil Fuel Production on Federally Administered Lands

Total, 1949-2003 Federal Lands Fossil Fuel Production as a Sha

U.S. Fossil Fuel Production, 1949-2003

By Source, 1949-2003 Federal Lands Fossil Fuel Production as a Sha

U.S. Fossil Fuel Production, By Source, 2003

30 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Negative value in 2002 is due to natural gas volume adjustments in different years.

Notes: • All data are on a calendar-year basis except 2001, which is on a fiscal-year basis

(October 2000–September 2001). • “Federally Administered Lands” include all classes of land

owned by the Federal Government, including acquired milpublic lands. • Because vertical scales differ, graphs should 

Source: Table 1.14.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

05

10152025

Quadrillion Btu

1950 1960 1970 1980 

09

18273645

Percent

2003: 18

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

-2

0

2

468

10

12

-2

Quadrillion Btu

41

32

Coal Natural Gas Crude 

09

18273645

Percent

Lease C

Natural Gas Plant Liquids

Coal

Natural Gas1

Crude Oil and

 Lease Condensate
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 1.14 Fossil Fuel Production on Federally Administered Lands, Selected Years, 1949-2003

Year

Crude Oil and Lease Condensate 1 Natural Gas Plant Liquids 2 Natural Gas 3 Coal 

Million

Barrels

Quadrillion

Btu 4

Percent

U.S. Total 5

Million

Barrels

Quadrillion

Btu 4

Percent

U.S. Total 5

Trillion

Cubic Feet

Quadrillion

Btu 4

Percent

U.S. Total 5

Million

Short Tons

Quadrillion

Btu 4

1949 95.2 0.55 5.2 4.4 0.02 2.8 0.15 0.15 2.8 9.5 0.24 1950 105.9 0.61 5.4 4.4 0.02 2.4 0.14 0.15 2.4 7.7 0.19 1955 159.5 0.92 6.4 6.0 0.03 2.1 0.43 0.45 4.8 5.9 0.15 1960 277.3 1.61 10.8 11.6 0.05 3.4 0.95 0.98 7.8 5.2 0.13 1965 378.6 2.20 13.3 14.3 0.06 3.2 1.56 1.61 10.2 8.2 0.20 1970 605.6 3.51 17.2 40.6 0.17 6.7 3.56 3.67 16.9 12.0 0.29 1971 648.9 3.76 18.8 54.0 0.22 8.7 3.95 4.08 18.3 17.3 0.41 1972 630.5 3.66 18.2 56.7 0.23 8.9 4.17 4.28 19.3 19.0 0.44 1973 604.3 3.51 18.0 54.9 0.22 8.7 4.37 4.46 20.1 24.2 0.57 1974 570.2 3.31 17.8 61.9 0.25 10.1 4.75 4.87 22.9 32.1 0.74 1975 531.5 3.08 17.4 59.7 0.24 10.0 4.57 4.67 23.8 43.6 1.00 1976 525.7 3.05 17.7 57.2 0.23 9.7 4.81 4.91 25.2 86.4 1.98 1977 535.0 3.10 17.8 57.4 0.23 9.7 4.94 5.04 25.8 74.8 1.69 1978 523.6 3.04 16.5 25.9 0.10 4.5 5.60 5.71 29.3 79.2 1.76 1979 519.8 3.01 16.7 11.9 0.05 2.1 5.93 6.05 30.1 84.9 1.91 1980 510.4 2.96 16.2 10.5 0.04 1.8 5.85 6.01 30.2 92.9 2.08 1981 529.3 3.07 16.9 12.3 0.05 2.1 6.15 6.31 32.1 138.8 3.10 1982 552.3 3.20 17.5 15.0 0.06 2.7 5.97 6.14 33.5 130.0 2.89 1983 568.8 3.30 17.9 14.0 0.05 2.5 5.17 5.33 32.1 124.3 2.74 1984 595.8 3.46 18.3 25.4 0.10 4.3 5.88 6.07 33.7 136.3 3.00 1985 628.3 3.64 19.2 26.6 0.10 4.5 5.24 5.41 31.8 184.6 4.04 1986 608.4 3.53 19.2 23.3 0.09 4.1 4.87 5.01 30.3 189.7 4.16 1987 577.3 3.35 18.9 23.7 0.09 4.1 5.56 5.73 33.4 195.2 4.28 1988 516.3 2.99 17.3 37.0 0.14 6.2 5.45 5.61 31.9 225.4 4.92 1989 488.9 2.84 17.6 45.1 0.17 8.0 5.32 5.49 30.7 236.3 5.14 1990 515.9 2.99 19.2 50.9 0.19 8.9 6.55 6.74 36.8 280.6 6.12 1991 491.0 2.85 18.1 72.7 0.28 12.0 5.99 6.17 33.8 285.1 6.18 1992 529.1 3.07 20.2 70.7 0.27 11.4 6.25 6.43 35.0 266.7 5.78 1993 529.3 3.07 21.2 64.4 0.24 10.2 6.56 6.74 36.3 285.7 6.12 1994 527.7 3.06 21.7 60.0 0.23 9.5 6.78 6.97 36.0 321.4 6.88 1995 567.4 3.29 23.7 74.0 0.28 11.5 6.78 6.96 36.4 376.9 8.04 1996 596.5 3.46 25.2 71.2 0.27 10.6 7.31 7.50 38.8 354.5 7.56 1997 632.8 3.67 26.9 74.7 0.28 11.3 7.43 7.62 39.3 362.6 7.72 1998 6606.3 3.52 26.6 660.3 0.23 9.4 67.06 7.27 37.1 371.1 7.95 1999 7628.9 73.65 729.3 766.5 70.25 79.9 77.24 77.44 738.4 414.5 8.73 2000 689.2 4.00 32.3 88.9 0.33 12.7 7.14 7.32 37.2 440.2 9.27 2001 681.8 3.95 32.2 82.0 0.31 12.0 7.00 7.21 35.7 422.9 R8.81 2002 R666.6 R3.87 R31.8 R103.7 R0.39 R15.1 8,R-0.06 8,R-0.07 8,R-0.3 R518.1 R10.71 2003 9,R386.5 9,R2.24 9,R18.6 R101.2 0.38 R16.1 R6.14 R6.33 R32.2 R441.1 R9.04 

1 Production from Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 1 for 1974 and earlier years is for fiscal years (July

through June). 2 Includes only those quantities for which the royalties were paid on the basis of the value of the naturalgas plant liquids produced. Additional quantities of natural gas plant liquids were produced; however, theroyalties paid were based on the value of natural gas processed. These latter quantities are included withnatural gas.

3 Includes some quantities of natural gas processed into liquids at natural gas processing plants and

fractionators. 4 Converted to British thermal units (Btu) using approximate heat contents for total U.S. production. SeeTables A2, A4, and A5.

5 Based on physical units. 6 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1997 and 1998 due to the sale of "Elk Hills," Naval

Petroleum Reserve No. 1.

7 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1998 and 1999; beginning in 1999 Naval Petroleum

Reserve data have become insignificant and are no longer included.

8 The negative natural gas volume is due to gas volume adjustments that are taking place in different

calendar years. 9 A significant amount of Federal offshore crude oil was diverted to the Strategic Petroleum Reserve.

R=Revised. Notes: • "Federally Administered Lands" include all classes 

including acquired military, Outer Continental Shelf, and public basis except 2001, which is on a fiscal-year basis (October 2000

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http:/

• For related information, see http://www.mrm.mms.gov.

Sources: • 1949-1980—U.S. Geological Survey, Oil an

Production, Royalty Income, and Related Statistics, and CoaMineral Production, Royalty Income, and Related Statistics ((DOE), Office of Naval Petroleum and Oil Shale Reserves Geological Survey, National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska, Department of the Interior (DOI), U.S. Minerals Management SeReceipts from Federal and Indian Leases, annual reports; DGeological Survey, National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska, unpMineral Revenues Report on Receipts from Federal and Indian unpublished data. • 1999-2001—DOI, MMS. Mineral RevenAmerican Indian Leases, annual reports. • 2002 and 2003—DO
Figure 1.15 Fossil Fuel Consumption for Nonfuel Use

Total, 1980-2004 As Share of Total Energy Consumption, 1980-2By Fuel, 2004 By Petroleum Product, 200432 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Liquefied petroleum gases.2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, waxes, and miscellaneous products.

(s)=Less than 0.05 quadrillion Btu.

Notes: • See Note, “Nonfuel Use of Fossil Fuels,” at end o

scales differ, graphs should not be compared.

Source: Table 1.15.

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

2

468

Quadrillion Btu

Natural Gas

1980 1985 1990 19

0

2

468

Percent

Total

Petroleum Products

Coal

5.4

0.8

(s)

Petroleum Products Natural Gas Coal

0

2

46

Quadrillion Btu

1.6

1.5

1.2

0.3 0.3

LPG1 Petro- Asphalt Lubri- Petro- 

0.00.6

1.2

1.8

Quadrillion Btu

and

Road Oil

cants leum

Coke

chemical 

Feedstocks
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 1.15 Fossil Fuel Consumption for Nonfuel Use, 1980-2004

Year

Petroleum Products

Natural

Gas Coal 

Asphalt

and

Road Oil

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases

Pentanes

Plus Lubricants

Petrochemical

Feedstocks

Petroleum

Coke

Special

Naphthas Other 1 Total

Physical Units 2

1980 145 230 3 ( ) 58 253 24 37 58 805 639 2.4 1981 125 229 3 ( ) 56 216 29 27 54 736 507 2.1 1982 125 256 3 ( ) 51 157 23 25 48 686 438 1.4 1983 136 264 3 ( ) 53 151 10 30 45 689 441 1.2 1984 150 247 10 57 145 16 40 41 705 495 1.5 1985 156 265 13 53 144 15 30 41 718 500 1.1 1986 164 248 17 52 169 14 25 38 727 496 0.7 1987 170 303 12 59 170 24 28 36 802 578 0.8 1988 171 319 21 57 173 25 22 40 827 554 0.7 1989 165 332 17 58 172 23 20 39 827 563 0.6 1990 176 344 18 60 199 30 20 39 886 562 0.6 1991 162 394 10 53 200 25 17 44 906 573 0.6 1992 166 397 13 54 214 38 20 35 938 594 1.2 1993 174 389 60 55 216 21 20 33 969 607 0.9 1994 176 437 56 58 222 23 15 35 1,022 673 0.9 1995 178 450 66 57 215 22 13 34 1,035 668 0.9 1996 177 470 69 55 217 25 14 34 1,061 680 0.9 1997 184 473 65 58 250 20 14 35 1,100 705 0.9 1998 190 494 44 61 252 35 20 39 1,137 762 0.8 1999 200 520 57 62 238 47 28 37 1,188 753 0.8 2000 192 479 51 61 243 23 19 38 1,106 768 0.8 2001 189 445 44 56 214 34 15 39 1,036 736 0.7 2002 187 465 37 55 229 R32 20 40 R1,065 749 R0.7 2003 R184 R441 37 R51 R247 R27 R15 R38 R1,040 748 R0.7 2004P 187 456 37 49 268 51 12 37 1,098 748 0.7 

Quadrillion Btu

1980 0.96 0.78 3 ( ) 0.35 1.43 0.14 0.19 0.34 4.19 0.65 0.08 1981 0.83 0.77 3 ( ) 0.34 1.21 0.17 0.14 0.31 3.78 0.52 0.07 1982 0.83 0.87 3 ( ) 0.31 0.88 0.14 0.13 0.28 3.44 0.45 0.04 1983 0.90 0.89 3 ( ) 0.32 0.85 0.06 0.16 0.26 3.45 0.45 0.04 1984 0.99 0.84 0.05 0.35 0.82 0.09 0.21 0.24 3.58 0.51 0.05 1985 1.03 0.90 0.06 0.32 0.82 0.09 0.16 0.24 3.63 0.52 0.03 1986 1.09 0.85 0.08 0.31 0.95 0.08 0.13 0.22 3.72 0.51 0.02 1987 1.13 1.06 0.06 0.36 0.96 0.14 0.14 0.21 4.06 0.60 0.03 1988 1.14 1.11 0.10 0.34 0.97 0.15 0.11 0.23 4.16 0.57 0.02 1989 1.10 1.18 0.08 0.35 0.96 0.14 0.11 0.23 4.14 0.58 0.02 1990 1.17 1.20 0.08 0.36 1.12 0.18 0.11 0.23 4.45 0.58 0.02 1991 1.08 1.38 0.04 0.32 1.15 0.15 0.09 0.26 4.47 0.59 0.02 1992 1.10 1.39 0.06 0.33 1.20 0.23 0.10 0.20 4.63 0.61 0.04 1993 1.15 1.35 0.28 0.34 1.22 0.12 0.10 0.20 4.76 0.62 0.03 1994 1.17 1.55 0.26 0.35 1.26 0.14 0.08 0.20 5.01 0.69 0.03 1995 1.18 1.59 0.30 0.35 1.21 0.13 0.07 0.20 5.03 0.69 0.03 1996 1.18 1.65 0.32 0.34 1.21 0.15 0.07 0.20 5.11 0.70 0.03 1997 1.22 1.67 0.30 0.35 1.40 0.12 0.07 0.21 5.34 0.72 0.03 1998 1.26 1.74 0.20 0.37 1.40 0.21 0.11 0.23 5.54 0.79 0.03 1999 1.32 1.82 0.26 0.37 1.33 0.28 0.15 0.22 5.76 0.77 0.03 2000 1.28 1.67 0.24 0.37 1.35 0.14 0.10 0.22 5.35 0.79 0.03 2001 1.26 1.55 0.20 0.34 1.19 0.21 0.08 0.23 5.06 0.76 0.02 2002 1.24 1.62 0.17 0.33 1.27 R0.19 0.10 0.23 R5.17 0.77 0.02 2003 1.22 R1.55 0.17 0.31 R1.37 R0.16 R0.08 0.23 R5.08 0.77 0.02 2004P 1.24 1.59 0.17 0.30 1.49 0.30 0.06 0.22 5.38 0.77 0.02 

1 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, waxes, and miscellaneous products. 2 Petroleum—million barrels; natural gas—billion cubic feet; and coal—million short tons. 3 Included in "Liquefied Petroleum Gases."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. — = Not applicable. Notes: • Estimates of consumption for nonfuel use shown in this table are included in total energy

consumption (see Table 1.3). • See Note, "Nonfuel Use of Fossil Fuels," at end of section. • Because ofchanges in methodology, data series may be revised annually. • Estimates of nonfuel use in this table areconsidered industrial uses with the exception of approximately half of the lubricants which are consideredtransportation use. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. 

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/envSources: Petroleum Products: • 1980—Energy Information 

Reports, Petroleum Statement, Annual and Sales of Liquefied Petr• 1981 forward—EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports, an• 1980—Bureau of the Census, 1980 Survey of Manufactures, HydConsumed. • 1981 forward—U.S. Department of Commerce. CoaTrade Commission, Synthetic Organic Chemicals, United States Pr1997). • 1996 forward—EIA estimates. Percent of Total Energy total by total consumption on Table 1.3.
Energy Overview

Note. Nonfuel Use of Fossil Fuels. Most fossil fuels consumed in the UnitedStates and elsewhere are combusted to produce heat and power. However, some areused directly for nonfuel use as construction materials, lubricants, chemical feedstocks, solvents, and waxes. For example, asphalt and road oil are used for roofingand paving; liquefied petroleum gases are used to create intermediate products thatare used in making plastics; lubricants, including motor oil and greases, are used in

vehicles and various industrial processes; petroche

make plastics, synthetic fabrics, and related producmake nitrogenous fertilizers and as feedstock in the information, see Energy Information AdministratioGases in the United States” (“Nonfuel Use of Energy athttp://www.eia.doe.gov/environment.html.

34 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004
Energy Consumption by S

2

Office buildings, industries, residences, and transport systems, Baltimore, Maryland; east view from the inSource: U.S. Department of Energy.
Figure 2.1a Energy Consumption by Sector Overview

Total Consumption by End-Use Sector, 1949-2004 End-Use Sector Shares of Total Consumption, Primary and Total Consumption by Sector, 2004 Electric Power Sector, 1949-200436 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Conventional hydroelectric power, wood, waste, geothermal, solar, and wind.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared.

Sources: Tables 2.1a and 2.1f.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

10203040

Quadrillion Btu

Industrial

Transportation

Residental

21%

Transportation

28%

33%

Co

18%

Residential

Commercial

Natural Gas

Ren

E

21.2

17.5

33.2

27.8

38.9

7.0

4.1

22.1

27.7

Residential Commercial Industrial Transportation Electric

0

1020304050

Quadrillion Btu

Primary Consumption Total Consumption

Power

1950 1960 1970 1980 

05

10152025

Quadrillion Btu
Figure 2.1b Energy Consumption by End-Use Sector, 1949-2004

Residential, By Major Sector Commercial, By Major SectorIndustrial, By Major Sector Transportation, By Major Sector

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

1 Electrical system energy losses associated with the generation, transmission, and distribution of energy in the form of electricity. Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not 

Sources: Tables 2.1b–2.1e.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

2

468

10

12

Quadrillion Btu Natural Gas

Natural Gas

1950 1960 1970 198

0

2

468

10

Quadrillion Btu

Electrical

Losses1

Electrical

Losses1

Wood

Wood

Coal Coal

Petroleum

Electricity

Petroleum

Petro

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0369

12

Quadrillion Btu

1950 1960 1970 198

07

14

21

28

Quadrillion Btu Electricity

Natural Gas

Coal
38 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Table 2.1a Energy Consumption by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2004

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

End-Use Sectors Electric

Power

Sector 3

Residential Commercial 1 Industrial 2 Transportation

Primary Total Primary Total Primary Total Primary Total Primary

1949 4,475 5,614 2,661 3,661 12,627 14,717 7,880 7,990 4,339 1950 4,848 6,007 2,824 3,883 13,881 16,233 8,384 8,493 4,679 1955 5,633 7,303 2,548 3,882 16,091 19,472 9,475 9,551 6,461 1960 6,689 9,078 2,702 4,589 16,977 20,823 10,560 10,597 8,158 1965 7,328 10,689 3,150 5,820 20,124 25,075 12,400 12,434 11,014 1970 8,353 13,798 4,196 8,307 22,975 29,641 16,061 16,098 16,259 1971 8,457 14,278 4,283 8,681 22,732 29,601 16,693 16,729 17,124 1972 8,655 14,891 4,369 9,145 23,532 30,953 17,681 17,716 18,466 1973 8,250 14,930 4,381 9,507 24,741 32,653 18,576 18,612 19,753 1974 7,928 14,683 4,221 9,363 23,816 31,819 18,086 18,119 19,933 1975 8,006 14,842 4,023 9,466 21,454 29,447 18,209 18,244 20,307 1976 8,408 15,441 4,333 10,035 22,685 31,430 19,065 19,099 21,513 1977 8,207 15,689 4,217 10,177 23,193 32,307 19,784 19,820 22,591 1978 8,272 16,156 4,269 10,481 23,276 32,733 20,580 20,615 23,587 1979 7,934 15,842 4,333 10,627 24,211 33,962 20,436 20,471 23,987 1980 7,504 15,848 4,097 10,594 22,673 32,152 19,658 19,696 24,359 1981 7,103 15,353 3,831 10,638 21,404 30,836 19,476 19,513 24,525 1982 7,163 15,577 3,859 10,880 19,113 27,704 19,051 19,088 24,063 1983 6,834 15,459 3,827 10,952 18,598 27,511 19,133 19,176 24,705 1984 7,123 15,908 4,043 11,517 20,219 29,654 19,608 19,655 25,741 1985 7,086 16,023 3,714 11,471 19,473 28,891 20,042 20,089 26,158 1986 6,912 16,026 3,674 11,628 19,092 28,334 20,741 20,790 26,359 1987 6,972 16,359 3,752 11,965 19,960 29,433 21,421 21,471 27,124 1988 7,377 17,197 3,974 12,597 20,868 30,728 22,268 22,320 28,354 1989 7,614 17,893 3,981 13,185 20,883 31,390 22,426 22,480 330,044 1990 6,604 R17,056 3,850 R13,332 21,209 R31,904 22,368 22,421 R30,684 1991 6,791 R17,530 3,896 R13,509 20,843 R31,483 22,067 22,120 R31,046 1992 6,999 R17,470 3,941 R13,451 21,770 R32,653 22,365 22,418 R30,916 1993 7,185 R18,327 3,923 R13,831 21,758 R32,702 22,716 22,770 R32,047 1994 7,036 R18,235 3,970 R14,110 22,384 R33,577 23,312 23,367 R32,586 1995 7,049 R18,689 4,054 R14,696 22,706 R34,013 23,793 23,849 R33,644 1996 7,555 R19,653 4,226 R15,180 23,428 R34,979 24,384 24,439 R34,658 1997 7,068 R19,061 4,248 R15,693 23,684 R35,257 24,697 24,752 R35,065 1998 6,454 R19,059 3,963 R15,987 23,166 R34,891 25,203 R25,259 R36,409 1999 6,831 R19,676 4,008 R16,392 22,938 R34,811 25,894 25,951 R37,159 2000 7,204 R20,530 4,223 R17,179 22,805 R34,698 26,492 26,552 R38,237 2001 6,909 R20,293 4,044 R17,370 R21,796 32,527 26,216 R26,277 R37,502 2002 R6,886 R20,912 R4,097 R17,579 R21,771 R32,533 R26,786 R26,847 R38,332 2003 R7,193 R21,198 R4,260 R17,453 R21,476 R32,561 R27,026 R27,103 R38,359 2004P 7,022 21,176 4,072 17,515 22,076 33,247 27,709 27,793 38,850 

1 Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial

electricity-only plants.

2 Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only

plants.

3 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North American

Industry Classification System) 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity andheat, to the public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electricutilities and independent power producers.

4 A balancing item. The sum of primary consumption in the five energy-use sectors equals the sum of

total consumption in the four end-use sectors. However, total energy consumption does not equal the sum

of the sectoral components due to the use of sector-specific conv

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. Notes: • Primary consumption includes coal, natural 

hydroelectric power, wood, waste, alcohol fuels, geothermal, electricity net imports. • Total consumption includes primary electrical system energy losses. See Note, "Electrical System Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectorequal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://wwwSources: Tables 2.1b-2.1f.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 2.1b Residential Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2004

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Primary Consumption

Electric

Retai

Sales 

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy 1

Total

Coal Natural Gas Primary 2 Petroleum Total Wood Geothermal 3 Solar 4 Total

1949 1,272 1,027 1,121 3,420 1,055 NA NA 1,055 4,475 228 1950 1,261 1,240 1,340 3,842 1,006 NA NA 1,006 4,848 246 1955 867 2,198 1,792 4,858 775 NA NA 775 5,633 438 1960 585 3,212 2,265 6,062 627 NA NA 627 6,689 687 1965 352 4,028 2,481 6,860 468 NA NA 468 7,328 993 1970 209 4,987 2,755 7,952 401 NA NA 401 8,353 1,591 1971 172 5,126 2,777 8,075 382 NA NA 382 8,457 1,704 1972 116 5,264 2,895 8,276 380 NA NA 380 8,655 1,838 1973 94 4,977 2,825 7,896 354 NA NA 354 8,250 1,976 1974 82 4,901 2,573 7,557 371 NA NA 371 7,928 1,973 1975 63 5,023 2,495 7,580 425 NA NA 425 8,006 2,007 1976 59 5,147 2,720 7,927 482 NA NA 482 8,408 2,069 1977 57 4,913 2,695 7,666 542 NA NA 542 8,207 2,202 1978 49 4,981 2,620 7,651 622 NA NA 622 8,272 2,301 1979 37 5,055 2,114 7,206 728 NA NA 728 7,934 2,330 1980 31 4,866 1,748 6,645 859 NA NA 859 7,504 2,448 1981 30 4,660 1,543 6,234 869 NA NA 869 7,103 2,464 1982 32 4,753 1,441 6,226 937 NA NA 937 7,163 2,489 1983 31 4,516 1,362 5,909 925 NA NA 925 6,834 2,562 1984 40 4,692 1,468 6,200 923 NA NA 923 7,123 2,662 1985 39 4,571 1,578 6,187 899 NA NA 899 7,086 2,709 1986 40 4,439 1,556 6,036 876 NA NA 876 6,912 2,795 1987 37 4,449 1,634 6,120 852 NA NA 852 6,972 2,902 1988 37 4,765 1,690 6,492 885 NA NA 885 7,377 3,046 1989 31 4,929 1,679 6,639 918 5 53 976 7,614 3,090 1990 31 4,523 1,407 5,961 581 6 56 642 6,604 3,153 1991 25 4,697 1,392 6,114 613 6 58 677 6,791 3,260 1992 26 4,835 1,427 6,288 645 6 60 711 6,999 3,193 1993 26 5,095 1,448 6,569 548 7 62 616 7,185 3,394 1994 21 4,988 1,420 6,429 537 6 64 607 7,036 3,441 1995 17 4,981 1,383 6,382 596 7 65 667 7,049 3,557 1996 17 5,383 1,488 6,888 595 7 65 667 7,555 3,694 1997 16 5,118 1,428 6,562 433 8 65 506 7,068 3,671 1998 12 4,669 1,314 5,995 387 8 65 459 6,454 3,856 1999 14 4,858 1,473 6,345 414 9 64 486 6,831 3,906 2000 11 5,126 1,563 6,701 433 9 61 503 7,204 4,069 2001 12 4,919 1,539 6,470 370 9 60 439 6,909 4,103 2002 11 R5,031 R1,462 R6,504 313 10 59 382 R6,886 4,323 2003 R10 R5,246 R1,503 R6,759 359 R17 58 R434 R7,193 R4,345 2004P 11 5,032 1,572 6,615 332 18 57 408 7,022 4,413 

1 All values are estimated; see Table 10.2a. 2 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 3 Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy. 4 Solar thermal direct use energy and photovoltaic electricity generation. Includes a small amount of

commercial sector use. 

5 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, other

energy service providers.

6 Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric power sector minus the

energy content of electricity retail sales. Total losses are alloca

each sector’s share of total electricity retail sales. See Note, "Esection.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepeWeb Page: For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://wwwSources: Tables 2.1f, 5.14a, 6.5, 7.3, 8.9, 10.2a, A4, A5, and 
40 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Table 2.1c Commercial Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2004

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Primary Consumption

Ele

R

S

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy 1

Total

Coal Natural Gas Primary 2 Petroleum Total Hydropower 3 Wood Waste Geothermal 4 Total

1949 1,554 360 727 2,641 NA 20 NA NA 20 2,661 1950 1,542 401 862 2,805 NA 19 NA NA 19 2,824 1955 801 651 1,081 2,533 NA 15 NA NA 15 2,548 1960 407 1,056 1,228 2,690 NA 12 NA NA 12 2,702 1965 265 1,490 1,386 3,142 NA 9 NA NA 9 3,150 1970 165 2,473 1,551 4,189 NA 8 NA NA 8 4,196 1971 179 2,587 1,510 4,276 NA 7 NA NA 7 4,283 1972 153 2,678 1,530 4,362 NA 7 NA NA 7 4,369 1973 160 2,649 1,565 4,374 NA 7 NA NA 7 4,381 1974 175 2,617 1,423 4,214 NA 7 NA NA 7 4,221 1975 147 2,558 1,310 4,015 NA 8 NA NA 8 4,023 1976 144 2,718 1,461 4,323 NA 9 NA NA 9 4,333 1977 148 2,548 1,511 4,207 NA 10 NA NA 10 4,217 1978 165 2,643 1,450 4,257 NA 12 NA NA 12 4,269 1979 149 2,836 1,334 4,319 NA 14 NA NA 14 4,333 1980 115 2,674 1,287 4,076 NA 21 NA NA 21 4,097 1981 137 2,583 1,090 3,810 NA 21 NA NA 21 3,831 21982 155 2,673 1,008 3,837 NA 22 NA NA 22 3,859 21983 162 2,508 1,136 3,805 NA 22 NA NA 22 3,827 21984 169 2,600 1,252 4,021 NA 22 NA NA 22 4,043 21985 137 2,508 1,045 3,690 NA 24 NA NA 24 3,714 21986 135 2,386 1,126 3,647 NA 27 NA NA 27 3,674 21987 125 2,505 1,093 3,723 NA 29 NA NA 29 3,752 21988 131 2,748 1,063 3,942 NA 32 NA NA 32 3,974 21989 115 2,802 1,002 3,919 1 36 22 3 61 3,981 21990 124 2,701 953 3,779 1 39 28 3 71 3,850 21991 116 2,813 895 3,824 1 41 26 3 72 3,896 21992 117 2,890 854 3,860 1 44 32 3 81 3,941 21993 117 2,942 780 3,839 1 46 33 3 84 3,923 1994 118 2,979 787 3,885 1 46 35 4 86 3,970 1995 117 3,113 732 3,962 1 46 40 5 92 4,054 1996 122 3,244 751 4,116 1 50 53 5 110 4,226 1997 129 3,302 704 4,135 1 49 58 6 113 4,248 1998 93 3,098 661 3,853 1 48 54 7 111 3,963 1999 103 3,130 661 3,894 1 52 54 7 114 4,008 2000 92 3,265 756 4,113 1 53 47 8 109 4,223 2001 97 3,116 742 3,955 1 40 39 8 89 4,044 42002 91 R3,235 R681 R4,007 (s) R39 42 9 R90 R4,097 R42003 R84 R3,323 R751 R4,157 1 R40 R47 R14 R102 R4,260 R42004P 87 3,093 787 3,967 1 41 48 15 106 4,072 4

1 All values are estimated; see Table 10.2a. 2 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 3 Conventional hydroelectric power. 4 Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy. 5 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, other

energy service providers.

6 Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric power sector minus the

energy content of electricity retail sales. Total losses are allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to

each sector’s share of total electricity retail sales. See Note, "E

section.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than Notes: • The commercial sector includes commercial combin

electricity-only plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power PSection 8. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to in

Web Page: For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://wwwSources: Tables 2.1f, 5.14a, 6.5, 7.3, 8.9, 10.2a, A4, A5, and 
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 2.1d Industrial Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2004

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Primary Consumption

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy 1

Total

Coal Primary

Coal Coke

Net Imports

Natural

Gas 2 Petroleum Total Hydropower 3 Wood Waste Geothermal 4 Total

1949 5,433 -7 3,188 3,468 12,083 76 468 NA NA 544 12,627 1950 5,781 1 3,546 3,951 13,279 69 532 NA NA 602 13,881 1955 5,620 -10 4,701 5,111 15,421 38 631 NA NA 669 16,091 1960 4,543 -6 5,973 5,747 16,258 39 680 NA NA 719 16,977 1965 5,127 -18 7,339 6,789 19,236 33 855 NA NA 888 20,124 1970 4,656 -58 9,536 7,787 21,922 34 1,019 NA NA 1,053 22,975 1971 3,944 -33 9,892 7,856 21,659 34 1,040 NA NA 1,074 22,732 1972 3,993 -26 9,884 8,534 22,385 34 1,113 NA NA 1,147 23,532 1973 4,057 -7 10,388 9,104 23,541 35 1,165 NA NA 1,200 24,741 1974 3,870 56 10,004 8,694 22,624 33 1,159 NA NA 1,192 23,816 1975 3,667 14 8,532 8,146 20,359 32 1,063 NA NA 1,096 21,454 1976 3,661 (s) 8,762 9,010 21,432 33 1,220 NA NA 1,253 22,685 1977 3,454 15 8,635 9,774 21,879 33 1,281 NA NA 1,314 23,193 1978 3,314 125 8,539 9,867 21,845 32 1,400 NA NA 1,432 23,276 1979 3,593 63 8,549 10,568 22,773 34 1,405 NA NA 1,439 24,211 1980 3,155 -35 8,395 9,525 21,040 33 1,600 NA NA 1,633 22,673 1981 3,157 -16 8,257 8,285 19,682 33 1,602 87 NA 1,722 21,404 1982 2,552 -22 7,121 7,795 17,446 33 1,516 118 NA 1,667 19,113 1983 2,490 -16 6,826 7,420 16,720 33 1,690 155 NA 1,879 18,598 1984 2,842 -11 7,448 8,025 18,303 33 1,679 204 NA 1,916 20,219 1985 2,760 -13 7,080 7,738 17,565 33 1,645 230 NA 1,908 19,473 1986 2,641 -17 6,690 7,880 17,194 33 1,610 256 NA 1,899 19,092 1987 2,673 9 7,323 8,065 18,069 33 1,576 282 NA 1,891 19,960 1988 2,828 40 7,696 8,339 18,902 33 1,625 308 NA 1,965 20,868 1989 2,787 30 8,131 8,120 19,068 28 1,584 200 2 1,814 20,883 1990 2,756 5 8,502 8,278 19,542 31 1,442 192 2 1,667 21,209 1991 2,601 10 8,619 7,987 19,216 30 1,410 185 2 1,626 20,843 1992 2,515 35 8,967 8,581 20,098 31 1,461 179 2 1,672 21,770 1993 2,496 27 9,120 8,418 20,062 30 1,483 181 2 1,696 21,758 1994 2,510 58 9,172 8,801 20,540 62 1,580 199 3 1,844 22,384 1995 2,488 61 9,637 8,614 20,801 55 1,652 195 3 1,905 22,706 1996 2,434 23 9,947 9,053 21,457 61 R1,684 224 3 1,971 23,428 1997 2,395 46 9,976 9,290 21,708 58 1,731 184 3 1,976 23,684 1998 2,335 67 9,806 9,116 21,324 55 1,603 180 3 1,841 23,166 1999 2,227 58 9,415 9,396 21,095 49 1,620 171 4 1,843 22,938 2000 2,256 65 9,535 9,120 20,977 42 1,636 145 4 1,828 22,805 2001 R2,192 29 8,725 9,220 R20,166 R33 1,443 150 5 1,630 R21,796 2002 R2,019 61 R8,870 R9,213 R20,163 39 R1,396 R168 5 R1,608 R21,771 2003 R2,041 51 R8,534 R9,269 R19,895 R43 R1,363 R170 5 R1,581 R21,476 2004P 2,025 138 8,665 9,572 20,401 51 1,448 172 5 1,676 22,076 

1 All values are estimated; see Table 10.2a. 2 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 3 Conventional hydroelectric power. 4 Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy. 5 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, other

energy service providers.

6 Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric power sector minus the

energy content of electricity retail sales. Total losses are allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion toeach sector’s share of total electricity retail sales. See Note, "Electrical System Energy Losses," at end of

section.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less t

trillion Btu.

Notes: • The industrial sector includes industrial combi

electricity-only plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power PSection 8. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to in

Web Page: For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://wwwSources: Tables 2.1f, 5.14b, 6.5, 7.3, 8.9, 10.2a, A4, A5, and 
42 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Table 2.1e Transportation Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2004

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Primary Consumption

Electricity

Retail

Sales 6

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy 1

Total

Primary Coal Natural Gas 2 Petroleum 3,4 Total Alcohol Fuels 4,5 4

1949 1,727 NA 6,152 7,880 NA 7,880 22 1950 1,564 130 6,690 8,384 NA 8,384 23 1955 421 254 8,800 9,475 NA 9,475 20 1960 75 359 10,126 10,560 NA 10,560 10 1965 16 517 11,868 12,400 NA 12,400 10 1970 7 745 15,310 16,061 NA 16,061 11 1971 5 766 15,923 16,693 NA 16,693 10 1972 4 787 16,891 17,681 NA 17,681 10 1973 3 743 17,831 18,576 NA 18,576 11 1974 2 685 17,399 18,086 NA 18,086 10 1975 1 595 17,614 18,209 NA 18,209 10 1976 (s) 559 18,506 19,065 NA 19,065 10 1977 (s) 543 19,241 19,784 NA 19,784 10 1978 8 ( ) 539 20,041 20,580 NA 20,580 10 1979 8 ( ) 612 19,825 20,436 NA 20,436 10 1980 8 ( ) 650 19,008 19,658 NA 19,658 11 1981 8 ( ) 658 18,811 19,469 7 19,476 11 1982 8 ( ) 612 18,420 19,032 19 19,051 11 1983 8 ( ) 505 18,593 19,098 35 19,133 13 1984 8 ( ) 545 19,020 19,565 43 19,608 14 1985 8 ( ) 519 19,471 19,990 52 20,042 14 1986 8 ( ) 499 20,182 20,681 60 20,741 15 1987 8 ( ) 535 20,816 21,352 69 21,421 16 1988 8 ( ) 632 21,567 22,198 70 22,268 16 1989 8 ( ) 649 21,706 22,355 71 22,426 16 1990 8 ( ) 680 21,625 22,305 63 22,368 16 1991 8 ( ) 620 21,373 21,994 73 22,067 16 1992 8 ( ) 608 21,674 22,282 83 22,365 16 1993 8 ( ) 645 422,072 22,716 497 422,716 16 1994 8 ( ) 709 22,603 23,312 109 23,312 17 1995 8 ( ) 724 23,069 23,793 117 23,793 17 1996 8 ( ) 737 23,647 24,384 84 24,384 17 1997 8 ( ) 780 23,917 24,697 106 24,697 17 1998 8 ( ) 666 24,537 25,203 117 25,203 17 1999 8 ( ) 675 25,218 25,894 122 25,894 17 2000 8 ( ) 672 25,820 26,492 139 26,492 18 2001 8 ( ) 659 25,556 26,216 147 26,216 19 2002 8 ( ) 702 R26,084 R26,786 174 R26,786 R19 2003 8 ( ) R706 R26,320 R27,026 239 R27,026 R24 2004P 8 ( ) 705 27,004 27,709 296 27,709 26 

1 All values are estimated; see Table 10.2a. 2 Natural gas consumed in the operation of pipelines (primarily in compressors) and small amounts

consumed as vehicle fuel. See Table 6.5.

3 Beginning in 1993, includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 4 Beginning in 1993, ethanol blended into motor gasoline is included in both "Petroleum" and "Alcohol

Fuels," but is counted only once in both total primary consumption and total consumption.

5 "Alcohol Fuels" is ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 6 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, other

energy service providers.

7 Total losses are calculated as the primary energy consumed by the electric power sector minus the

energy content of electricity retail sales. Total losses are alloca

each sector’s share of total electricity retail sales. See Note, "Esection. 8 Since 1978, the small amounts of coal consumed for tranconsumption.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepeWeb Page: For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://wwwSources: Tables 2.1f, 5.14c, 6.5, 7.3, 8.9, 10.2a, A4, A5, and 
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 2.1f Electric Power Sector Energy Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2004

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Primary Consumption

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Renewable Energy

Coal 

Natural

Gas 1 Petroleum Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power Wood Waste Geothermal Solar Wind 

1949 1,995 569 415 2,979 0 1,349 6 NA NA NA NA 1950 2,199 651 472 3,322 0 1,346 5 NA NA NA NA 1955 3,458 1,194 471 5,123 0 1,322 3 NA NA NA NA 1960 4,228 1,785 553 6,565 6 1,569 2 NA 1 NA NA 1965 5,821 2,395 722 8,938 43 2,026 3 NA 4 NA NA 1970 7,227 4,054 2,117 13,399 239 2,600 1 2 11 NA NA 1971 7,299 4,099 2,495 13,893 413 2,790 1 2 12 NA NA 1972 7,811 4,084 3,097 14,992 584 2,829 1 2 31 NA NA 1973 8,658 3,748 3,515 15,921 910 2,827 1 2 43 NA NA 1974 8,534 3,519 3,365 15,418 1,272 3,143 1 2 53 NA NA 1975 8,786 3,240 3,166 15,191 1,900 3,122 (s) 2 70 NA NA 1976 9,720 3,152 3,477 16,349 2,111 2,943 1 2 78 NA NA 1977 10,262 3,284 3,901 17,446 2,702 2,301 3 2 77 NA NA 1978 10,238 3,297 3,987 17,522 3,024 2,905 2 1 64 NA NA 1979 11,260 3,613 3,283 18,156 2,776 2,897 3 2 84 NA NA 1980 12,123 3,810 2,634 18,567 2,739 2,867 3 2 110 NA NA 1981 12,583 3,768 2,202 18,553 3,008 2,725 3 1 123 NA NA 1982 12,582 3,342 1,568 17,491 3,131 3,233 2 1 105 NA NA 1983 13,213 2,998 1,544 17,754 3,203 3,494 2 2 129 NA (s) 1984 14,019 3,220 1,286 18,526 3,553 3,353 5 4 165 (s) (s) 1985 14,542 3,160 1,090 18,792 4,076 2,937 8 7 198 (s) (s) 1986 14,444 2,691 1,452 18,586 4,380 3,038 5 7 219 (s) (s) 1987 15,173 2,935 1,257 19,365 4,754 2,602 8 7 229 (s) (s) 1988 15,850 2,709 1,563 20,123 5,587 2,302 10 8 217 (s) (s) 19892 16,137 3,192 1,703 21,032 5,602 2,808 100 132 308 3 22 1990 16,261 3,332 1,289 20,883 6,104 3,014 129 188 326 4 29 1991 16,250 3,399 1,198 20,847 6,422 2,985 126 229 335 5 31 1992 16,466 3,534 991 20,990 6,479 2,586 140 262 338 4 30 1993 17,196 3,560 1,124 21,880 6,410 2,861 150 265 351 5 31 1994 17,261 4,000 1,059 22,320 6,694 2,620 152 282 325 5 36 1995 17,466 4,325 755 22,546 7,075 3,149 125 296 280 5 33 1996 18,429 3,883 817 23,129 7,087 3,528 138 300 300 5 33 1997 18,905 4,146 927 23,977 6,597 3,581 137 309 309 5 34 1998 19,216 4,698 1,306 25,220 7,068 3,241 137 308 311 5 31 1999 19,279 4,926 1,211 25,416 7,610 3,218 138 315 312 5 46 2000 20,220 5,316 1,144 26,680 7,862 2,768 134 318 296 5 57 2001 19,614 5,481 1,277 26,371 8,033 R2,209 126 324 289 6 R70 2002 19,783 5,785 961 26,529 8,143 R2,650 150 365 305 6 105 2003 R20,185 R5,264 R1,205 R26,653 R7,959 R2,781 R167 R354 R303 5 R115 2004P 20,268 5,486 1,195 26,948 8,232 2,673 168 340 302 6 143 

1 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 2 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and

independent power producers.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. Notes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity and useful thermal output. • The electric

power sector comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS(North American Industry Classification System) 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, orelectricity and heat, to the public. • This table no longer shows energy consumption by hydroelectric

pumped storage plants. The change was made because mos

elevated storage reservoirs is generated by plants other than penergy is already accounted for in other data columns in this Power," "Coal," "Natural Gas," and so on). • See Note 3, "Section 8. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to in

Web Page: For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://wwwSources: Tables 5.14c, 6.5, 7.3, 8.1, 10.2b, A4, A5, and A6.
Figure 2.2 Manufacturing Consumption of Energy for All Purposes, 2002

By Energy SourceBy North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)444 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Liquefied petroleum gases and natural gas liquids.2 Includes all other types of energy that respondents indicated were consumed or allocated.3 Energy sources produced onsite from the use of other energy sources but sold or transferred to another entity.

4 See Table 2.2 for Major Group titles of industries that corr

codes.

(s)=Less than 0.05 quadrillion Btu.Source: Table 2.2.

6.5

2.8 3.1

2.0

0.4 0.3 0.2

Natural Gas Net LPG and NGL1 Coal Coal Coke Residual Distillate 

-2

0

2

468

10

-2

Quadrillion Btu

Electricity and Breeze Fuel Oil Fuel Oil

1.1

0.1 0.2 0.1 (s) (s) 0.4

2.4

0.1

6.8 6.5

0.4

1.1

2.1

0.4 0.2 0.2 

311 312 313 314 315 316 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 331 332 333 334 

0

2

468

10

Quadrillion Btu
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 2.2 Manufacturing Consumption of Energy for All Purposes, 2002

 (Trillion Btu )

NAICS 1

Code Major Group Coal

Coal Coke

and

Breeze Natural Gas

Distillate

Fuel Oil

LPG 2

 and

NGL 3

Residual

Fuel Oil

Net

Electricity 4 

 311 Food ................................................................................. 184 1 582 19 5 13 230  312 Beverage and Tobacco Products ..................................... 17 0 46 2 1 2 26  313 Textile Mills ....................................................................... 22 0 75 2 2 4 86  314 Textile Product Mills ......................................................... Q 0 29 Q 1 2 17  315 Apparel ............................................................................. 0 0 16 1 (s) (s) 12  316 Leather and Allied Products ............................................. 0 0 4 (s) (s) (s) 2  321 Wood Products ................................................................. 1 0 57 13 5 1 72  322 Paper ................................................................................ 236 4 504 13 6 100 223  323 Printing and Related Support ........................................... 0 0 46 (s) 1 (s) 50  324 Petroleum and Coal Products ........................................... Q 2 878 19 24 25 127  325 Chemicals ......................................................................... 344 6 2,307 14 3,001 87 522  326 Plastics and Rubber Products .......................................... Q 0 128 2 6 7 181  327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products ........................................... 309 11 422 34 3 3 142  331 Primary Metals .................................................................. 515 355 704 15 3 1 493  332 Fabricated Metal Products ................................................ 1 Q 210 6 3 Q 161  333 Machinery ......................................................................... 1 0 82 3 3 (s) 84  334 Computer and Electronic Products ................................... (s) 0 65 1 (s) 1 131  335 Electrical Equipment, Appliances, and Components ........ (s) (s) 53 1 1 (s) 47  336 Transportation Equipment ................................................ 8 Q 203 4 4 6 172  337 Furniture and Related Products ........................................ 1 0 25 1 1 (s) 24  339 Miscellaneous ................................................................... 0 0 32 1 1 (s) 35  — Total Manufacturing .......................................................... 1,958 385 6,468 152 3,070 255 2,840 

1 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). 2 Liquefied petroleum gases. 3 Natural gas liquids. 4 "Net Electricity" is the sum of purchases, transfers in, and onsite generation from noncombustible

renewable energy sources, minus quantities sold and transferred out; it excludes onsite generation fromcombustible fuels.

5 Includes all other types of energy that respondents indicated were consumed or allocated, such as

asphalt and road oil, lubricants, naphtha < 401° F, other oils >= 401° F, special naphthas, waxes, andmiscellaneous nonfuel products, which are nonfuel products assigned to the petroleum refining industrygroup (NAICS 324110).

6 Energy sources produced onsite from the use of other energy sources but sold or transferred to

another entity.

7 The sum of coal, coal coke and breeze, natural gas, di

natural gas liquids, residual fuel oil, net electricity, and other, min

(s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. Q=Data withheld because the 

percent.

Notes: • Data are estimates for the first use of energy for 

material inputs. "First use" is the consumption of energy thproduced onsite from input materials not classified as energy. • due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSource: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-846, 

Survey."
Figure 2.3 Manufacturing Inputs for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation, 2002

By Selected End Use1By Energy Source46 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Excludes inputs of unallocated energy sources (6,006 trillion Btu).2 Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning.3 Excluding coal coke and breeze.

4 Liquefied petroleum gases and natural gas liquids.

Source: Table 2.3.

1.6

0.7

0.20.20.2

0.1

Process Heating

Machine Drive

Facility HVAC2

Electrochemical Processes

Process Cooling and Refrigeration

Facility Lighting

Conventional Electricity Generation

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 

Quadrillion Btu

5.8

2.8

1.2

0.2 0.1 

Natural Gas Net Electricity Coal 3 Residual Distillate 

0

1

2

34567

Quadrillion Btu

Fuel Oil 

Fuel Oil
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 2.3 Manufacturing Inputs for Heat, Power, and Electricity Generation by End Use, 2002

End-Use Category

Net

Electricity 1

Residual

Fuel Oil

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Liquefied

Petroleum Gases

and Natural

Gas Liquids Natural Gas 

Million

Kilowatthours Million Barrels

Billion

Cubic Feet

Indirect End Use (Boiler Fuel) ................................................. 3,540 20 6 2 2,105 

 Conventional Boiler Use ..................................................... 2,496 12 4 2 1,271  CHP 3 and/or Cogeneration Process .................................. 1,043 8 2 (s) 834 

Direct End Use

 All Process Uses ................................................................. 650,100 10 7 16 2,907  Process Heating ................................................................ 100,541 9 4 15 2,670  Process Cooling and Refrigeration ..................................... 56,723 (s) (s) (s) 44  Machine Drive ..................................................................... 417,998 (s) 3 1 106  Electrochemical Processes ................................................ 71,045 — — — —  Other Process Uses ........................................................... 3,793 (s) (s) (s) 87  All Non-Process Uses ......................................................... 150,530 1 9 6 500  Facility Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning 4 ........... 76,840 1 1 1 406  Facility Lighting ................................................................... 57,460 — — — —  Other Facility Support ......................................................... 14,087 (s) (s) (s) 29  Onsite Transportation ......................................................... 1,212 — 6 5 2  Conventional Electricity Generation ................................... — (s) Q (s) 54  Other Non-Process Use ..................................................... 931 (s) Q (s) 10 

End Use Not Reported ........................................................... 28,087 3 2 2 129 Total ......................................................................................... 832,257 33 24 26 5,641 

Trillion Btu

Indirect End Use (Boiler Fuel) ................................................. 12 127 35 8 2,162 

 Conventional Boiler Use ..................................................... 9 76 25 8 1,306  CHP 3 and/or Cogeneration Process ................................. 4 51 10 (s) 857 

Direct End Use

 All Process Uses ................................................................. 2,218 60 43 64 2,986  Process Heating ................................................................ 343 58 24 60 2,742  Process Cooling and Refrigeration ..................................... 194 (s) 2 (s) 45  Machine Drive ..................................................................... 1,426 2 16 4 109  Electrochemical Processes ................................................ 242 — — — —  Other Process Uses ........................................................... 13 (s) 1 (s) 90  All Non-Process Uses ......................................................... 514 4 50 24 513  Facility Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning 4 ........... 262 3 5 5 417  Facility Lighting ................................................................... 196 — — — —  Other Facility Support ......................................................... 48 (s) 1 (s) 30  Onsite Transportation ......................................................... 4 — 35 18 2  Conventional Electricity Generation ................................... — 1 Q (s) 55  Other Non-Process Use ..................................................... 3 (s) Q (s) 10 

End Use Not Reported ........................................................... 96 17 12 6 132 Total ......................................................................................... 2,840 208 141 103 5,794 

1 "Net Electricity" is the sum of purchases, transfers in, and onsite generation from noncombustible

renewable energy sources, minus quantities sold and transferred out; it excludes onsite generation fromcombustible fuels. 2 Total of listed energy sources. Excludes inputs of unallocated energy sources (6,006 trillion Btu). 3 Combined-heat-and-power plants. 4 Excludes steam and hot water.

— = Not applicable. (s)=Estimate less than 0.5. Q=Withheld because relative standard error is greater

than 50 percent.

Notes: • Data are estimates for the total consumption of energy for the production of heat, power, and

electricity generation, regardless of where the energy was produced. Specifically, the estimates include the

quantities of energy that were originally produced offsite a

establishment, plus those that were produced onsite from other energy, or were extracted from captive (onsite) mines or wells. basis of reasonable approximations by respondents. • Totals independent rounding, the presence of estimates that round to zwithheld because the relative standard error is greater than 50 p

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSource: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-846, 

Survey."
Figure 2.4 Household Energy Consumption

Consumption by All Households, Selected Years, 1978-2001 Consumption by All Households, by Census RConsumption per Household, Selected Years, 1978-2001 Consumption per Household, by Census Regio48 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Notes: • Data include natural gas, electricity, distillate fuel oil, kerosene, and liquefied petroleum gases; data do not include wood. • For years not shown, there are no data available.

Data for 1978 through 1984 are for April of the year shown through March of the following year;data for 1987, 1990, 1993, 1997, and 2001 are for the calendar year. • Because vertical scalesdiffer, graphs should not be compared. • See Appendix C for Census regions.

Source: Table 2.4.

10.6

9.7

9.3 9.3

8.6

9.0 9.1 9.2

10.0 10.3 9.9

1978 1980 1982 1984 1987 1990 1993 1997 2001

0

2

468

10

12

Quadrillion Btu 2.16

2.86

Northeast Midwest S

0

1

2

34

Quadrillion Btu

138

126

114112

102 105 101 98 104 101

92

1978 1980 1982 1984 1987 1990 1993 1997 2001

0

50

100150

Million Btu

107

117

Northeast Midwest S

0

20406080

100120140

Million Btu
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 2.4 Household Energy Consumption by Census Region, Selected Years, 1978-2001

 (Quadrillion Btu, Except as Noted)

Census Region 1 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1984 1987 1990 

Northeast (total does not include wood) .......................... 2.89 2.50 2.44 2.36 2.19 2.29 2.37 2.30 

 Natural Gas .................................................................... 1.14 1.05 0.94 1.01 0.96 0.93 1.03 1.03  Electricity 2 ...................................................................... 0.39 0.39 0.41 0.40 0.37 0.41 0.44 0.47  Distillate Fuel Oil and Kerosene ..................................... 1.32 1.03 1.07 0.93 0.83 0.93 0.87 0.78  Liquefied Petroleum Gases ............................................ 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02  Wood 3 ............................................................................ NA NA 0.26 0.27 0.24 0.21 0.17 0.12  Consumption per Household (million Btu) 3 ................... 166 145 138 132 122 125 124 120 

Midwest (total does not include wood) ............................ 3.70 3.48 2.96 3.09 2.61 2.80 2.73 2.81 

 Natural Gas .................................................................... 2.53 2.48 2.05 2.22 1.78 1.99 1.83 1.88  Electricity 2 ...................................................................... 0.60 0.59 0.60 0.56 0.56 0.55 0.61 0.66  Distillate Fuel Oil and Kerosene ..................................... 0.46 0.31 0.17 0.19 0.16 0.13 0.16 0.13  Liquefied Petroleum Gases ............................................ 0.12 0.10 0.15 0.13 0.11 0.13 0.13 0.13  Wood 3 ............................................................................ NA NA 0.25 0.25 0.27 0.27 0.25 0.17  Consumption per Household (million Btu) 3 ................... 180 168 141 146 122 129 123 122 

South (total does not include wood) ................................ 2.43 2.30 2.57 2.41 2.45 2.50 2.61 2.60 

 Natural Gas .................................................................... 0.96 0.91 1.12 1.15 1.14 1.15 1.09 1.03  Electricity 2 ...................................................................... 1.00 0.97 1.06 1.01 1.01 1.06 1.22 1.36  Distillate Fuel Oil and Kerosene ..................................... 0.32 0.28 0.25 0.14 0.18 0.16 0.17 0.11  Liquefied Petroleum Gases ............................................ 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.10  Wood 3 ............................................................................ NA NA 0.23 0.21 0.33 0.33 0.26 0.17  Consumption per Household (million Btu) 3 ................... 99 92 95 87 87 85 84 81 

West (total does not include wood) .................................. 1.54 1.47 1.34 1.42 1.33 1.45 1.42 1.51 

 Natural Gas .................................................................... 0.95 0.88 0.86 0.90 0.85 0.91 0.88 0.92  Electricity 2 ...................................................................... 0.48 0.47 0.41 0.46 0.41 0.47 0.48 0.54  Distillate Fuel Oil and Kerosene ..................................... 0.09 0.09 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.02  Liquefied Petroleum Gases ............................................ 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.05 0.03  Wood 3 ............................................................................ NA NA 0.11 0.13 0.13 0.17 0.17 0.12  Consumption per Household (million Btu) 3 ................... 110 100 84 87 81 85 78 78 

United States (total does not include wood) .................... 10.56 9.74 9.32 9.29 8.58 9.04 9.13 9.22 

 Natural Gas .................................................................... 5.58 5.31 4.97 5.27 4.74 4.98 4.83 4.86  Electricity 2 ...................................................................... 2.47 2.42 2.48 2.42 2.35 2.48 2.76 3.03  Distillate Fuel Oil and Kerosene ..................................... 2.19 1.71 1.52 1.28 1.20 1.26 1.22 1.04  Liquefied Petroleum Gases ............................................ 0.33 0.31 0.35 0.31 0.29 0.31 0.32 0.28  Wood 3 ............................................................................ NA NA 0.85 0.87 0.97 0.98 0.85 0.58  Consumption per Household (million Btu) 3 ................... 138 126 114 112 102 105 101 98 

1 See Appendix C for Census regions. 2 Retail electricity. One kilowatthour = 3,412 Btu. 3 Wood is not included in the region and U.S. totals, or in the consumption-per-household data.

NA=Not available. Notes: • Data are estimates, and are for major energy sources only. • For years not shown, there are

no data available. • Data for 1978-1984 are for April of year shown through March of following year; data

for 1987 forward are for the calendar year. • Totals ma

independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1978 and 1979—Energy Information Administrati

Consumption Survey." • 1980 forward—EIA, Form EIA-457, "R
Figure 2.5 Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures

Consumption by Energy Source, 2001 Expenditures5, Selected Years, 1978-2001

Consumption5 by End Use, 2001 Consumption5 for Space Heating, 2001

50 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Distillate fuel oil and kerosene.2 Liquefied petroleum gases.3 Wood used for both space heating and ambience.4 Nominal dollars.

5 Does not include wood.

Notes: • For years not shown, there are no data available

graphs should not be compared.

Source: Table 2.5.

4

55

63

76

83 87

97 98

110

1978 1980 1982 1984 1987 1990 

0

50

100150200

Billion Dollars

4.8

3.9

0.8

0.4 0.4

Natural Gas Electricity Fuel Oil1 LPG2 Wood3

0

2

46

Quadrillion Btu

4.6

2.9

1.7

0.6

Space Heating Appliances Water Heating Air Conditioning

0

2

46

Quadrillion Btu

3.3

0.6

Natural Gas Fuel Oil1 Ele

0

1

2

34

Quadrillion Btu
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 2.5 Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures by End Use and Energy Source,

 Selected Years, 1978-2001

Year

Space Heating 1

Air

Conditioning 2 Water Heating Appliances 3,4 

Natural

Gas

Electricity 5 Fuel Oil 6 LPG 7 Electricity 5 Natural Gas Elec- tricity 5 Fuel Oil 6 LPG 7 Natural Gas Elec- tricity 5 LPG 7 Natural Gas 2 El

tric

Consumption

(quadrillion Btu)

1978 4.26 0.40 2.05 0.23 0.32 1.04 0.29 0.14 0.06 0.28 1.45 0.03 5.58 21979 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 5.31 21980 3.41 0.27 1.30 0.23 0.36 1.15 0.30 0.22 0.07 0.36 1.54 0.05 4.97 21981 3.69 0.26 1.06 0.21 0.34 1.13 0.30 0.22 0.06 0.43 1.52 0.05 5.27 21982 3.14 0.25 1.04 0.19 0.31 1.15 0.28 0.15 0.06 0.43 1.50 0.05 4.74 21984 3.51 0.25 1.11 0.21 0.32 1.10 0.32 0.15 0.06 0.35 1.59 0.04 4.98 21987 3.38 0.28 1.05 0.22 0.44 1.10 0.31 0.17 0.06 0.34 1.72 0.04 4.83 21990 3.37 0.30 0.93 0.19 0.48 1.16 0.34 0.11 0.06 0.33 1.91 0.03 4.86 31993 3.67 0.41 0.95 0.30 0.46 1.31 0.34 0.12 0.05 0.29 2.08 0.03 5.27 31997 3.61 0.40 0.91 0.26 0.42 1.29 0.39 0.16 0.08 0.37 2.33 0.02 5.28 32001 3.32 0.39 0.62 0.28 0.62 1.15 0.36 0.13 0.05 0.37 2.52 0.05 4.84 3

Expenditures

(billion dollars 9)

1978 11.49 3.53 8.06 1.05 4.12 2.88 3.14 0.56 0.36 0.93 19.10 0.25 15.30 291979 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 17.84 321980 13.22 3.78 10.48 1.78 5.84 4.51 4.45 1.76 0.57 1.91 26.74 0.44 19.77 401981 16.62 3.93 9.44 1.78 6.23 5.13 4.94 1.94 0.51 2.17 29.70 0.52 24.03 441982 17.74 4.21 8.80 1.69 6.23 6.51 5.00 1.28 0.54 2.58 31.29 0.52 26.96 461984 20.66 4.62 8.51 2.00 7.06 6.63 6.44 1.09 0.58 2.31 36.36 0.54 29.78 541987 18.05 5.53 6.25 1.85 9.77 6.02 6.45 0.94 0.50 2.02 39.83 0.46 26.15 611990 18.59 6.16 7.42 2.01 11.23 6.59 7.21 0.83 0.65 2.03 46.95 0.48 27.26 711993 21.95 8.66 6.24 2.81 11.31 8.08 7.58 0.74 0.58 1.98 53.52 0.42 32.04 811997 24.11 8.56 6.57 2.79 10.20 8.84 8.99 1.04 0.89 2.86 60.57 0.36 35.81 882001 31.84 8.98 5.66 4.04 15.94 11.31 8.47 1.15 0.69 3.83 66.94 0.86 46.98 100

1 Wood used for space heating is included in "Wood" under "Total." 2 A small amount of natural gas used for air conditioning is included in "Natural Gas" under "Total." 3 Includes refrigerators. 4 A small amount of distillate fuel oil and kerosene used for appliances is included in "Fuel Oil" under

"Total." 5 Retail electricity. One kilowatthour = 3,412 Btu. 6 Distillate fuel oil and kerosene. 7 Liquefied petroleum gases.

8 Wood used for both space heating and ambience. 9 Nominal dollars.

NA=Not available. Notes: • Data are estimates. • For years not shown, there 

equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1978 and 1979—Energy Information Administrati

Consumption Survey." • 1980 forward—EIA, Form EIA-457, "R
Figure 2.6 Households With Selected Appliances and Types of Main Heating Fuel

Households With Selected Electric Appliances, 1980 and 2001Households With Other Selected Appliances, 1980 and 2001 Type of Main Heating F52 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Not collected in 1980.2 Natural gas or liquefied petroleum gases.3 Fewer than 0.5 percent of the households do not have a refrigerator.4 Households with both central and individual room units are counted only under “Central.”

5 Liquefied petroleum gases.6 Kerosene, district steam, coal, solar, other, and no heat.

Source: Table 2.6.

99

79

57 60

86

32

53

82

74

47

54

14

38 37

Color Clothes Clothes Range Top Microwave Separate Dishwasher C

0

20406080

100

Percent

Television Dryer

Washer Oven Freezer 

or Burners

39

17

83

17

55

23 23

46

14

86

14

27 30

43

Range Top Clothes One Two or Central Individual None

0

20406080

100

Percent

1980 2001

Air Conditioning4

Dryer

Natural Gas 55%

Refrigerators3

More Room Units

Gas Appliances2

or Burners
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 2.6 Households With Selected Appliances and Types of Main Heating Fuel, Selected Years

Appliance

Year 

1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1984 1987 1990 1993 1

Total Households (millions) .............. 77 78 82 83 84 86 91 94 97 

Percent of Households

Type of Main Heating Fuel

 Natural Gas ........................................ 55 55 55 56 57 55 55 55 53  Electricity 1 .......................................... 16 17 18 17 16 17 20 23 26  Liquefied Petroleum Gases ................ 4 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5  Distillate Fuel Oil ................................. 20 17 15 14 13 12 12 11 11  Wood .................................................. 2 4 6 6 7 7 6 4 3  Other 2 ................................................ 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 2 

Type of Appliances

 Electric Appliances Television Set (Color) ....................... NA NA 82 83 85 88 93 96 98  Television Set (B/W) ......................... NA NA 51 48 46 43 36 31 20  Television Set (Any) ......................... NA NA 98 98 98 98 98 99 99  Clothes Washer ................................ 74 NA 74 73 71 73 75 76 77  Range Top or Burners ...................... 53 NA 54 54 53 54 57 58 61  Oven, Microwave .............................. 8 NA 14 17 21 34 61 79 84  Clothes Dryer .................................... 45 NA 47 45 45 46 51 53 57  Separate Freezer .............................. 35 NA 38 38 37 37 34 34 35  Dishwasher ....................................... 35 NA 37 37 36 38 43 45 45  Dehumidifier ..................................... NA NA 9 9 9 9 10 12 9  Waterbed Heaters ............................ NA NA NA NA NA 10 14 15 12  Window or Ceiling Fan ..................... NA NA NA NA 28 35 46 51 60  Ceiling Fan ....................................... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 54  Whole House Fan ............................. NA NA NA NA 8 8 9 10 4  Evaporative Cooler ........................... NA NA 4 4 4 4 3 4 3  Personal Computer ........................... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 16 23  Pump for Well Water ........................ NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 15 13  Swimming-Pool Pump 3 .................... NA NA 3 4 3 NA NA 5 5  Gas 4 Appliances Range Top or Burners ...................... 48 NA 46 46 47 45 43 42 38  Clothes Dryer .................................... 14 NA 14 16 15 16 15 16 15  Outdoor Gas Grill .............................. 6 NA 9 9 11 13 20 26 29  Outdoor Gas Light ............................ 2 NA 2 2 2 1 1 1 1  Swimming Pool Heater 5 .................. NA NA (s) (s) (s) 1 1 1 1 

Refrigerators 6

 One ................................................... 86 NA 86 87 86 88 86 84 85  Two or More ..................................... 14 NA 14 13 13 12 14 15 15 

Air Conditioning (A/C)

 Central 7 ........................................... 23 24 27 27 28 30 34 39 44  Individual Room Units 7 .................... 33 31 30 31 30 30 30 29 25  None ................................................. 44 45 43 42 42 40 36 32 32 

Portable Kerosene Heaters ................ (s) NA (s) 1 3 6 6 5 3 

1 Retail electricity. 2 Kerosene, district steam, coal, solar, other, or no heat. 3 Through 1990, data are for all reported swimming pools, which were assumed to have an electric

pump for filtering and circulating the water. Beginning in 1993, data are explicitly for pools with filters.

4 Natural gas or liquefied petroleum gases. 5 In 1984 and 1987, also includes heaters for jacuzzis and hot tubs. 6 Fewer than 0.5 percent of the households do not have a refrigerator.

7 Households with both central and individual room units are 

R=Revised data. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 percenNotes: • Data are estimates. • For years not shown, there a

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1978 and 1979—Energy Information Administrati

Consumption Survey." • 1980 forward—EIA, Form EIA-457, "R
Figure 2.7 Type of Heating in Occupied Housing Units, 1950 and 2003

By Fuel TypeBy Fuel Type, Share of Total54 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Sum of components do not equal total due to independent rounding.2 Liquefied petroleum gases.3 Kerosene, solar, and other.

(s)=Less than 0.5.Source: Table 2.7.

55

32

10

6

2 (

11

(s)

9

1

4

14

Natural Gas Electricity Distillate Fuel Oil LPG2 Wood Coal 

0

204060

Million Housing Units1

1950 2003

52

31

9

6

1 (

26

1

22

2

10

34

Natural Gas Electricity Distillate Fuel Oil LPG2 Wood Coal 

0

204060

Percent

1950 2003
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 2.7 Type of Heating in Occupied Housing Units, Selected Years, 1950-2003

Year Coal 1

Distillate

Fuel Oil Kerosene

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases

Natural

Gas Electricity Wood Solar Other 2 

Millions

1950 14.48 9.46 4 ( ) 0.98 11.12 0.28 4.17 NA 0.77 1960 6.46 17.16 4 ( ) 2.69 22.85 0.93 2.24 NA 0.22 1970 1.82 16.47 4 ( ) 3.81 35.01 4.88 0.79 NA 0.27 1973 0.80 17.24 4 ( ) 4.42 38.46 7.21 0.60 NA 0.15 1974 0.74 16.84 4 ( ) 4.14 39.47 8.41 0.66 NA 0.09 1975 0.57 16.30 4 ( ) 4.15 40.93 9.17 0.85 NA 0.08 1976 0.48 16.45 4 ( ) 4.24 41.22 10.15 0.91 NA 0.09 1977 0.45 15.62 0.44 4.18 41.54 11.15 1.24 NA 0.15 1978 0.40 15.65 0.42 4.13 42.52 12.26 1.07 NA 0.12 1979 0.36 15.30 0.41 4.13 43.32 13.24 1.14 NA 0.10 1980 0.33 14.50 0.37 4.17 44.40 14.21 1.38 NA 0.11 1981 0.36 14.13 0.37 4.17 46.08 15.49 1.89 NA 0.10 1983 5 0.43 12.59 0.45 3.87 46.70 15.68 4.09 NA 0.16 1985 0.45 12.44 1.06 3.58 45.33 18.36 6.25 0.05 0.37 1987 0.41 12.74 1.08 3.66 45.96 20.61 5.45 0.05 0.28 1989 0.34 12.47 1.07 3.66 47.40 23.06 4.59 0.04 0.40 1991 0.32 11.47 0.99 3.88 47.02 23.71 4.44 0.03 0.41 1993 0.30 11.17 1.02 3.92 47.67 25.11 4.10 0.03 0.50 1995 0.21 10.98 1.06 4.25 49.20 26.77 3.53 0.02 0.64 1997 0.18 10.10 0.75 5.40 51.05 29.20 1.79 0.03 0.36 1999 0.17 10.03 0.72 5.91 52.37 31.14 1.70 0.02 0.21 2001 6 0.13 9.81 0.65 6.04 54.13 32.41 1.67 0.02 0.19 2003 0.13 9.50 0.64 6.13 54.93 32.34 1.56 0.02 0.16 

Percent

1950 33.8 22.1 4 ( ) 2.3 26.0 0.6 9.7 NA 1.8 1960 12.2 32.4 4 ( ) 5.1 43.1 1.8 4.2 NA 0.4 1970 2.9 26.0 4 ( ) 6.0 55.2 7.7 1.3 NA 0.4 1973 1.2 24.9 4 ( ) 6.4 55.5 10.4 0.9 NA 0.2 1974 1.0 23.8 4 ( ) 5.8 55.7 11.9 0.9 NA 0.1 1975 0.8 22.5 4 ( ) 5.7 56.4 12.6 1.2 NA 0.1 1976 0.7 22.2 4 ( ) 5.7 55.7 13.7 1.2 NA 0.1 1977 0.6 20.7 0.6 5.6 55.2 14.8 1.6 NA 0.2 1978 0.5 20.3 0.5 5.4 55.1 15.9 1.4 NA 0.2 1979 0.5 19.5 0.5 5.3 55.1 16.9 1.4 NA 0.1 1980 0.4 18.1 0.5 5.2 55.4 17.7 1.7 NA 0.1 1981 0.4 17.0 0.4 5.0 55.4 18.6 2.3 NA 0.1 1983 5 0.5 14.9 0.5 4.6 55.2 18.5 4.8 NA 0.2 1985 0.5 14.1 1.2 4.1 51.3 20.8 7.1 0.1 0.4 1987 0.4 14.0 1.2 4.0 50.6 22.7 6.0 0.1 0.3 1989 0.4 13.3 1.1 3.9 50.6 24.6 4.9 (s) 0.4 1991 0.3 12.3 1.1 4.2 50.5 25.5 4.8 (s) 0.4 1993 0.3 11.8 1.1 4.1 50.3 26.5 4.3 (s) 0.5 1995 0.2 11.2 1.1 4.4 50.4 27.4 3.6 (s) 0.7 1997 0.2 10.2 0.8 5.4 51.3 29.4 1.8 (s) 0.4 1999 0.2 9.8 0.7 5.7 50.9 30.3 1.7 (s) 0.2 2001 6 0.1 9.3 0.6 5.7 51.3 30.7 1.6 (s) 0.2 2003 0.1 9.0 0.6 5.8 51.9 30.6 1.5 (s) 0.1 

1 Includes coal coke. 2 Includes briquettes (made of pitch and sawdust), coal dust, waste material (such as corncobs),

purchased steam, and other fuels not separately displayed.

3 In 1950 and 1960, also includes nonreporting units, which totaled 997 and 2,000 units, respectively. 4 Included in "Distillate Fuel Oil." 5 Since 1983, the American Housing Survey for the United States has been a biennial survey. 6 Beginning in 2001, data are consistent with the 2000 Census. For 2001 data consistent with the 1990

Census, see American Housing Survey for the United States: 2001.

NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 percent. Notes: • Includes mobile homes and individual housing units 

more than one type of heating system are classified accordin• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent 

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.census.goSources: • 1950, 1960, and 1970—Bureau of the Census, C

forward—Bureau of the Census, American Housing Survey for 2-5.
Figure 2.8 Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Rates

All Motor Vehicles,1 1949-2003Mileage, 1966-2003 Fuel Consumption, 1966-2003 Fuel Rates, 1966-200356 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Passenger cars, motorcycles, vans, pickup trucks, sport utility vehicles, trucks, and buses.2 Miles per gallon.3 Miles per vehicle.4 Gallons per vehicle.

5 Sport utility vehicle.6 Motorcycles are included with passenger cars through 19

Source: Table 2.8.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

255075

100125150175

Index 1973=100 Fu

Passenger Cars6

Vans, Pickup Trucks,

and SUVs5

Vans, Pickup Trucks, and SUVs5

Trucks

Trucks

Passenger Cars6

Passen

1970 1980 1990 2000

08

1624

32

Thousand Miles per Vehicle

1970 1980 1990 2000

0

1

2

345

Thousand Gallons per Vehicle

1970 19

05

10152025

Miles per Gallon
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 2.8 Motor Vehicle Mileage, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Rates, Selected Years, 1949-2003

Year

Passenger Cars 1

Vans, Pickup Trucks,

and Sport Utility Vehicles 2 Trucks 3 

Mileage

(miles per

vehicle)

Fuel

Consumption

(gallons

per vehicle)

Fuel

Rate

(miles

per gallon)

Mileage

(miles per

vehicle)

Fuel

Consumption

(gallons

per vehicle)

Fuel

Rate

(miles

per gallon)

Mileage

(miles per

vehicle)

Fuel

Consumption

(gallons

per vehicle)

Fuel

Rate

(miles

per gallon)

Milea

(miles 

vehi

1949 9,388 627 15.0 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 9,712 1,080 9.0 9,41950 9,060 603 15.0 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 10,316 1,229 8.4 9,31955 9,447 645 14.6 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 10,576 1,293 8.2 9,61960 9,518 668 14.3 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 10,693 1,333 8.0 9,71965 9,603 661 14.5 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 10,851 1,387 7.8 9,81970 9,989 737 13.5 8,676 866 10.0 13,565 2,467 5.5 9,91971 10,097 743 13.6 9,082 888 10.2 14,117 2,519 5.6 10,11972 10,171 754 13.5 9,534 922 10.3 14,780 2,657 5.6 10,21973 9,884 737 13.4 9,779 931 10.5 15,370 2,775 5.5 10,01974 9,221 677 13.6 9,452 862 11.0 14,995 2,708 5.5 9,41975 9,309 665 14.0 9,829 934 10.5 15,167 2,722 5.6 9,61976 9,418 681 13.8 10,127 934 10.8 15,438 2,764 5.6 9,71977 9,517 676 14.1 10,607 947 11.2 16,700 3,002 5.6 9,91978 9,500 665 14.3 10,968 948 11.6 18,045 3,263 5.5 10,01979 9,062 620 14.6 10,802 905 11.9 18,502 3,380 5.5 9,71980 8,813 551 16.0 10,437 854 12.2 18,736 3,447 5.4 9,41981 8,873 538 16.5 10,244 819 12.5 19,016 3,565 5.3 9,41982 9,050 535 16.9 10,276 762 13.5 19,931 3,647 5.5 9,61983 9,118 534 17.1 10,497 767 13.7 21,083 3,769 5.6 9,71984 9,248 530 17.4 11,151 797 14.0 22,550 3,967 5.7 10,01985 9,419 538 17.5 10,506 735 14.3 20,597 3,570 5.8 10,01986 9,464 543 17.4 10,764 738 14.6 22,143 3,821 5.8 10,11987 9,720 539 18.0 11,114 744 14.9 23,349 3,937 5.9 10,41988 9,972 531 18.8 11,465 745 15.4 22,485 3,736 6.0 10,71989 110,157 1533 119.0 11,676 724 16.1 22,926 3,776 6.1 10,91990 10,504 520 20.2 11,902 738 16.1 23,603 3,953 6.0 11,11991 10,571 501 21.1 12,245 721 17.0 24,229 4,047 6.0 11,21992 10,857 517 21.0 12,381 717 17.3 25,373 4,210 6.0 11,51993 10,804 527 20.5 12,430 714 17.4 26,262 4,309 6.1 11,51994 10,992 531 20.7 12,156 701 17.3 25,838 4,202 6.1 11,61995 11,203 530 21.1 12,018 694 17.3 26,514 4,315 6.1 11,71996 11,330 534 21.2 11,811 685 17.2 26,092 4,221 6.2 11,81997 11,581 539 21.5 12,115 703 17.2 27,032 4,218 6.4 12,11998 11,754 544 21.6 12,173 707 17.2 25,397 4,135 6.1 12,21999 11,848 553 21.4 11,957 701 17.0 26,014 4,352 6.0 12,22000 11,976 547 21.9 11,672 669 17.4 25,617 4,391 5.8 12,12001 11,831 534 22.1 11,204 636 17.6 26,602 4,477 5.9 11,82002 R12,202 R555 R22.0 R11,364 R650 R17.5 R27,071 R4,642 5.8 R12,12003P 12,242 550 22.3 11,467 647 17.7 27,286 4,750 5.7 12,2

1 Through 1989, includes motorcycles. 2 Includes a small number of trucks with 2 axles and 4 tires, such as step vans. 3 Single-unit trucks with 2 axles and 6 or more tires, and combination trucks. 4 Includes buses and motorcycles, which are not separately displayed. 5 Included in "Trucks."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. 

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://

related information, see http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/ohpi/hss/

Sources: Passenger Cars, 1990-1994: U.S. Department o

Statistics, National Transportation Statistics 1998, Table 4-13. Highway Administration (FHWA), Highway Statistics Summaforward—FHWA, Highway Statistics, annual reports, Table VM-1
Figure 2.9 Commercial Buildings Consumption by Energy Source

By Survey Year, 1979-1999By Census Region, 199958 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and kerosene.

(s)=Less than 0.05 quadrillion Btu.

Note: See Appendix C for Census regions.Source: Table 2.9.

3.1

2.0

0.2

2.6

1.9

0.2

2.6

2.2

0.3 

2.8

2.1

0.4

2.4

1.7

0.4 

2.1 2.1

0.3 0

1.9

2.2

0.7

0.2

Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil1 

0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.5

Quadrillion Btu

1979 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1999

0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

0.1 

0.3

0.7 0.6

0.4

0.5

0.7

1.2

0.6

Northeast Midwest South West 

0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.5

Quadrillion Btu

Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil1 District Heat

(s) (s) (s)
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 2.9 Commercial Buildings Consumption by Energy Source, Selected Years, 1979-1999

 (Trillion Btu)

Energy Source

and Year

Square Footage Category Principal Building Activity Cen

1,001

to

10,000

10,001

to

100,000

Over

100,000 Education

Food

Sales

Food

Service

Health

Care Lodging

Mercantile

and

Service Office

All

Other Northeast Midw

Major Sources 2

1979 ................ 1,255 2,202 1,508 511 3 ( ) 336 469 278 894 861 1,616 1,217 1,8

1983 ................ 1,242 1,935 1,646 480 3 ( ) 414 463 362 812 1,018 1,274 858 1,8

1986 ................ 1,273 2,008 1,696 633 147 247 456 299 985 1,008 1,202 1,037 1,51989 ................ 1,259 2,402 2,127 704 139 255 449 425 1,048 1,230 1,538 1,354 1,61992 ................ 1,258 2,301 1,932 637 137 307 403 463 892 1,247 1,404 1,090 1,51995 4 ............. 1,332 2,152 1,838 614 137 332 561 461 973 1,019 1,225 1,035 1,41999 ................ 1,381 2,300 2,053 649 201 447 515 450 1,145 1,089 1,237 1,116 1,5

Electricity

1979 ................ 429 872 608 163 3 ( ) 171 129 119 361 424 543 425 5

1983 ................ 469 903 758 152 3 ( ) 212 147 151 426 509 532 324 6

1986 ................ 654 927 809 179 99 121 132 120 536 641 563 430 51989 ................ 572 1,145 1,056 217 105 113 154 138 550 781 715 586 61992 ................ 586 991 1,033 235 113 138 138 189 444 704 649 419 61995 4 ............. 618 1,064 926 221 119 166 211 187 508 676 521 436 51999 ................ 698 1,235 1,164 257 165 216 232 196 659 767 606 543 6

Natural Gas

1979 ................ 646 996 532 214 3 ( ) 145 221 115 422 272 784 443 1,0

1983 ................ 684 809 597 246 3 ( ) 188 218 170 327 365 576 278 9

1986 ................ 485 715 523 254 45 114 205 105 332 258 409 244 71989 ................ 568 836 670 323 27 128 186 187 417 238 566 353 81992 ................ 572 1,017 586 291 24 157 189 193 381 388 552 354 71995 4 ............. 535 830 580 245 18 158 258 213 395 239 420 297 71999 ................ 604 803 616 227 31 216 217 181 446 219 486 299 7

Fuel Oil 5

1979 ................ 177 272 231 107 3 ( ) 15 97 20 103 107 232 285 1

1983 ................ 85 140 90 61 3 ( ) Q 28 18 43 75 79 172 

1986 ................ 114 206 121 103 Q Q Q 20 105 39 130 270 1989 ................ 101 170 86 71 Q Q 17 10 76 43 122 237 1992 ................ 86 111 75 62 Q Q 21 16 55 47 67 194 1995 4 ............. 71 104 60 57 Q Q 21 Q 49 28 70 168 1999 ................ 29 73 60 48 Q Q 19 Q 18 29 65 138 

District Heat 6

1979 ................ Q 61 136 27 3 ( ) Q 22 24 Q 58 57 64 

1983 ................ Q 83 202 21 3 ( ) Q 70 22 Q 68 87 84 1

1986 ................ Q 159 243 97 Q Q 80 Q 12 71 99 94 11989 ................ 19 252 315 Q Q Q 92 Q Q 167 134 179 11992 ................ Q 182 238 49 NC Q 55 65 Q 109 135 123 11995 4 ............. Q 154 271 91 Q Q 70 57 Q 75 214 135 11999 ................ Q 158 213 117 2 Q 46 68 Q 74 126 136 1

Propane 7

1979 ................ 23 15 5 2 3 ( ) 8 Q Q 10 Q 18 Q 

1983 ................ 20 12 2 2 3 ( ) 8 Q Q 6 Q 14 Q 

1986 ................ 44 18 1 3 Q 12 Q 12 17 Q 13 9 

1 See Appendix C for Census regions. 2 Includes electricity, natural gas, distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, kerosene, and district heat, but

excludes propane. 

3 Included in "Food Service." 4 Beginning in 1995, excludes commercial buildings at multi-building manufacturing facilities, and

parking garages.

5 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and kerosene. 6 Through 1983, includes purchased steam only. Beginning in 1986, includes purchased and

nonpurchased steam, and purchased and nonpurchased hot water.

7 Beginning with the 1989 survey, propane consumption statistics were not collected. 

Q=Data withheld because either the relative standard error was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 20

buildings were sampled. NC=No cases in the sample.

Note: Data are estimates. Statistics for individual fuels are fo

"Major Sources" are for the sum of "Electricity," "Natural Gas,buildings using any of those fuels.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1979—Energy Information Administration (EIA)

Energy Consumption Survey." • 1983—EIA, Form EIAConsumption Survey." • 1986—EIA, Form EIA-871, "NonrSurvey." • 1989, 1992, 1995, and 1999—EIA, Form EIAConsumption Survey."
Figure 2.10 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditure Indicators, Selecte

Buildings by Energy Source Used Consumption Consumption per SquaSquare Footage per Building by Expenditures Expenditures Per SquaEnergy Source Used60 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and kerosene.2 Nominal dollars.

Notes: • For years not shown, there are no data available

graphs should not be compared.

Source: Table 2.10.

1979 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1999

0

1

2

345

Thousands of Buildings

1979 1983 19

0

255075

100

Thousand Btu

Fuel Oil1

1979 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1999

0

1

2

34

Quadrillion Btu 

District Heat District Heat

Natural Gas Natural Gas

Electricity

Fuel Oil1

Fuel Oil1

Electricity

1979 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1999

0

306090

Thousand Square Feet

1979 1983 198

0

0.30.60.9

1.2

Dollars2

1979 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1999

0

255075

Billion Dollars2

Natural Gas Fuel Oil1

Electricity

Electricity

Natural Gas

District Heat

District Heat
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 2.10 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditure Indicators, Selected Yea

Energy Source

and Year

Building Characteristics Energy Consumption En

Number of

Buildings

(thousand)

Total

Square

Feet

(million)

Square

Feet

per

Building

(thousand)

Total

(trillion

Btu)

Per

Building

(million

Btu)

Per

Square

Foot

(thousand

Btu)

Per

Employee

(million

Btu)

Total

(million

dollars1)

Pe

Build

(thous

dolla

Major Sources 2

1979 .............................. 3,073 43,546 14.2 5,008 1,630 115.0 85.0 33,821 111983 .............................. 3,185 49,471 15.5 4,856 1,525 98.2 65.7 55,764 171986 .............................. 4,154 58,199 14.0 5,040 1,213 86.6 68.6 60,762 141989 .............................. 4,528 63,184 14.0 5,788 1,278 91.6 81.9 70,826 151992 .............................. 4,806 67,876 14.1 5,490 1,142 80.9 77.1 71,821 141995 3 ........................... 4,579 58,772 12.8 5,321 1,162 90.5 69.3 69,918 151999 .............................. 4,657 67,338 14.5 5,733 1,231 85.1 70.0 81,552 17

Electricity 

1979 .............................. 3,001 43,153 14.4 1,908 636 44.2 32.4 23,751 71983 .............................. 3,052 48,327 15.8 2,129 697 44.1 28.9 39,279 12

1986 .............................. 3,965 56,508 14.3 2,390 603 42.3 32.7 47,186 111989 .............................. 4,294 61,563 14.3 2,773 646 45.0 39.3 55,943 131992 .............................. 4,611 66,525 14.4 2,609 566 39.2 36.6 57,619 121995 3 ........................... 4,343 57,076 13.1 2,608 600 45.7 34.1 56,621 131999 .............................. 4,395 65,716 15.0 3,098 706 47.1 37.9 66,424 15

Natural Gas

1979 .............................. 1,864 30,477 16.4 2,174 1,167 71.3 52.5 5,814 31983 .............................. 1,904 33,935 17.8 2,091 1,098 61.6 40.6 11,443 6

1986 .............................. 2,214 37,263 16.8 1,723 778 46.2 35.2 8,355 31989 .............................. 2,420 41,143 17.0 2,073 857 50.4 43.2 9,204 31992 .............................. 2,657 44,994 16.9 2,174 818 48.3 42.5 9,901 31995 3 ........................... 2,478 38,145 15.4 1,946 785 51.0 38.7 9,018 31999 .............................. 2,670 45,525 17.1 2,023 758 44.4 36.0 10,609 4

Fuel Oil 4

1979 .............................. 641 11,397 17.8 681 1,063 59.7 40.5 2,765 41983 .............................. 441 9,409 21.3 314 714 33.4 19.8 2,102 41986 .............................. 534 11,005 20.6 442 827 40.1 27.7 2,059 31989 .............................. 581 12,600 21.7 357 614 28.3 21.0 1,822 31992 .............................. 560 13,215 23.6 272 487 20.6 15.1 1,400 21995 3 ........................... 607 14,421 23.7 235 387 16.3 10.2 1,175 11999 .............................. 434 13,285 30.6 179 412 13.5 9.1 956 2

District Heat 5

1979 .............................. 47 3,722 79.0 201 4,267 54.0 26.5 1,267 261983 .............................. 64 4,643 72.9 289 4,530 62.1 34.4 2,627 411986 .............................. 77 4,625 59.7 422 5,446 91.2 52.4 2,620 331989 .............................. 98 6,578 67.0 585 5,964 89.0 56.5 3,857 391992 .............................. 95 5,245 55.4 435 4,596 82.9 60.9 2,901 301995 3 ........................... 110 5,658 51.5 533 4,849 94.1 51.2 3,103 281999 .............................. 117 5,891 50.2 433 3,692 73.6 50.1 3,564 30

Propane

1979 .............................. 214 2,797 13.1 43 202 15.5 12.9 225 11983 .............................. 191 2,562 13.4 34 176 13.1 8.5 313 1

1986 .............................. 344 3,213 9.3 63 184 19.7 17.6 543 11989 .............................. 348 4,695 13.5 NA NA NA NA NA N1992 .............................. 337 3,393 10.1 NA NA NA NA NA N1995 .............................. 589 5,344 9.1 NA NA NA NA NA N1999 .............................. 451 6,290 14.0 NA NA NA NA NA N

1 Nominal dollars. 2 Includes electricity, natural gas, fuel oil, and district heat. Propane consumption statistics were

collected in 1979, 1983, and 1986, but are not included in the Major Sources. 3 Beginning with the 1995 survey, commercial buildings on multibuilding manufacturing facilities andparking garages were excluded. 4 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and kerosene. 5 For 1979 and 1983, includes only purchased steam. Beginning with the 1986 survey, includespurchased and nonpurchased steam and purchased and nonpurchased hot water.

NA=Not available. 

Note: Data are estimates. Statistics for individual fuels are fo

major sources are for all buildings, even buildings using no majo

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1979—Energy Information Administration (EIA)

Energy Consumption Survey." • 1983—EIA, Form EIAConsumption Survey." • 1986—EIA, Form EIA-871, "NonrSurvey." • 1989, 1992, 1995, and 1999—EIA, Form EIAConsumption Survey."
Figure 2.11 Commercial Buildings Electricity Consumption by End Use, 1999

Electricity Consumption by End UseElectricity Consumption by Principal Building Activity62 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Examples of "other" include medical, electronic, and testing equipment; conveyors,

wrappers, hoists, and compactors; washers, disposals, dryers and cleaning equipment; escalators, elevators, dumb waiters, and window washers; shop tools and electronic testingequipment; sign motors, time clocks, vending machines, phone equipment, and sprinkler

controls; scoreboards, fire alarms, intercoms, television s

operators.

2 Religious worship, public order and safety, vacant, and o

fit into any of the other named categories.

Source: Table 2.11.

793

716

555

266

226

155

65 

Cooling Lighting Office Refrigeration Ventilation Space Cooking 

0

300600900

Trillion Btu

Equipment Heating 

767

521

257 232 220 216 196 191 165 

Office Mercantile Education Health Care Warehouse Food Service Lodging Public Food Sales 

0

300600900

Trillion Btu

All Other Building ActivitiesLightingCooling

and Storage Assembly
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 2.11 Commercial Buildings Electricity Consumption by End Use, 1999

 (Trillion Btu)

Building Characteristic

Space

Heating Cooling Ventilation

Water

Heating Lighting Cooking Refrigeration

Offi

Equip

All Buildings ................................................ 155 793 226 37 716 65 266 5Principal Building Activity

 Education .................................................. 12 66 19 2 67 3 11 5 Food Sales ............................................... 4 23 6 1 21 4 72 2 Food Service ............................................ 5 26 7 1 19 38 82 3 Health Care .............................................. 6 82 19 1 52 3 8 4 Lodging ..................................................... 21 54 14 10 45 2 12 1 Mercantile ................................................. 35 128 35 6 116 6 52 10 Office ........................................................ 45 225 53 8 168 5 6 20 Public Assembly ....................................... 8 62 15 2 50 3 9 2 Public Order and Safety ........................... 1 12 3 Q 11 Q Q  Religious Worship ..................................... 2 16 4 (s) 11 (s) 1  Service ...................................................... 6 31 12 2 44 Q Q 2 Warehouse and Storage ........................... 6 33 29 2 83 Q 9 1 Other 2 ...................................................... Q 31 9 1 27 Q Q 1 Vacant ...................................................... (s) 3 1 Q 1 Q Q 

1 Examples of "other" include medical, electronic, and testing equipment; conveyors, wrappers, hoists,

and compactors; washers, disposals, dryers and cleaning equipment; escalators, elevators, dumb waiters,and window washers; shop tools and electronic testing equipment; sign motors, time clocks, vendingmachines, phone equipment, and sprinkler controls; scoreboards, fire alarms, intercoms, television sets,radios, projectors, and door operators. 2 Includes buildings that do not fit into any of the other named categories.

(s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. Q=Data withheld because either the relative standard error was greater

than 50 percent or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.

Note: Data are preliminary estimates for the end-use cons

3,412 Btu.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSource: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA

Consumption Survey."
Energy Consumption by Sector

Note. Electrical System Energy Losses. Electrical system energy losses are calculated as the difference between total primary consumption by the electric powersector—see Table 2.1f—and the total energy content of electricity retail sales—seeTables 8.9 and A6. Most of these losses occur at steam-electric power plants(conventional and nuclear) in the conversion of heat energy into mechanical energyto turn electric generators. The loss is a thermodynamically necessary feature of thesteam-electric cycle. Part of the energy input-to-output losses is a result of imputingfossil energy equivalent inputs for hydroelectric, solar, and wind energy sources,

since there is no generally accepted practice for measrates. In addition to conversion losses, other losses intricity, transmission and distribution of electricity fconsumers (also called "line losses"), and unaccountare allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to etricity sales. Overall, approximately 67 percent of conversion; of electricity generated, approximately 5 9 percent is lost in transmission and distribution.

64 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004
Financial Indicators

3
Figure 3.1 Fossil Fuel Production Prices

Prices, 1949-2004Fossil Fuel Composite Price, Change From Previous Year, 1950-200466 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Fossil Fuel Composite

Natural Gas

Coal

Note: Prices are in chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product

implicit price deflators. See Table D1.

Source: Table 3.1.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

2

468

10

Chained (2000) Dollars per Million Btu

Crude Oil

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

-60-40-20

0

20406080

Percent
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 3.1 Fossil Fuel Production Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2004

 (Dollars per Million Btu)

Year

Coal 1 Natural Gas 2 Crude Oil 3 Foss

Nominal Real 5 Nominal Real 5 Nominal Real 5 Nominal 

1949 0.21 R1.29 0.05 0.33 0.44 2.68 0.26 1950 0.21 1.25 0.06 0.38 0.43 2.62 0.26 1955 0.19 0.99 0.09 0.48 0.48 2.55 0.27 1960 0.19 0.92 0.13 0.60 0.50 2.36 0.28 1965 0.18 0.82 0.15 R0.65 0.49 2.19 0.28 1970 0.27 0.97 0.15 0.56 0.55 1.99 0.32 1971 0.30 1.05 0.16 0.56 0.58 2.02 0.34 1972 0.33 1.09 0.17 0.57 0.58 1.94 0.35 1973 0.37 1.15 0.20 0.63 0.67 2.11 0.40 1974 0.69 1.98 0.27 0.79 1.18 3.41 0.68 1975 0.85 2.22 0.40 1.06 1.32 3.48 0.82 1976 0.86 2.13 0.53 1.32 1.41 3.51 0.90 1977 0.88 2.07 0.72 1.69 1.48 3.46 1.01 1978 0.98 2.15 0.84 1.83 1.55 3.39 1.12 1979 1.06 2.14 1.08 2.18 2.18 4.40 1.42 1980 1.10 2.04 1.45 2.68 3.72 6.89 2.04 1981 1.18 2.00 1.80 3.04 5.48 9.27 2.75 1982 1.23 1.95 2.22 3.54 4.92 7.84 2.76 1983 1.18 1.81 2.32 3.56 4.52 6.93 2.70 1984 1.16 1.72 2.40 3.55 4.46 6.60 2.65 1985 1.15 1.65 2.26 3.24 4.15 5.96 2.51 1986 1.09 1.52 1.75 2.45 2.16 3.03 1.65 1987 1.05 1.44 1.50 2.05 2.66 3.63 1.70 1988 1.01 1.34 1.52 2.01 2.17 2.87 1.53 1989 1.00 1.28 1.53 1.94 2.73 3.48 1.67 1990 1.00 1.22 1.55 1.90 3.45 4.23 1.84 1991 0.99 1.17 1.48 1.75 2.85 3.38 1.67 1992 0.97 1.12 1.57 1.82 2.76 3.19 1.66 1993 0.93 1.05 1.84 2.09 2.46 2.78 1.67 1994 0.91 1.01 1.67 1.86 2.27 2.52 1.53 1995 0.88 0.96 1.40 1.52 2.52 2.74 1.47 1996 0.87 R0.92 1.96 2.09 3.18 3.39 1.82 1997 0.85 0.89 2.10 2.20 2.97 3.11 1.81 1998 0.83 0.86 1.77 1.83 1.87 1.94 1.41 1999 0.79 0.81 1.98 2.02 2.68 2.74 1.65 2000 0.80 0.80 3.32 3.32 4.61 4.61 2.60 2001 0.83 R0.82 3.62 3.54 3.77 3.68 2.53 2002 0.87 R0.84 2.67 2.56 3.88 3.73 2.21 2003 R0.87 0.82 R4.41 R4.16 4.75 R4.48 R3.10 2004P 0.97 0.90 4.96 4.59 6.34 5.86 3.63 

1 Free-on-board (f.o.b.) rail/barge prices, which are the f.o.b. prices of coal at the point of first sale,

excluding freight or shipping and insurance costs. See "Free on Board (F.O.B.)" in Glossary.

2 Wellhead prices. See "Natural Gas Wellhead Price" in Glossary. 3 Domestic first purchase prices. See "Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Price" in Glossary. 4 Derived by multiplying the price per Btu of each fossil fuel by the total Btu content of the production of

each fossil fuel and dividing this accumulated value of total fossil fuel production by the accumulated Btucontent of total fossil fuel production.

5 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross dom

Table D1. 6 Based on real values.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. — = Not applicable. Web Page: For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://wwwSources: Tables 5.18, 6.7, 7.8, A2, A4, and A5.
Figure 3.2 Value of Fossil Fuel Production

Overview, 1949-2004 By Fuel, 1949-2004Overview, 200468 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Production

1 Prices are in chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit

price deflators. See Table D1.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Sources: Tables 3.2, 3.7, and 3.8.

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

255075

100125150175

Billion Chained (2000) Dollars1

Nat

Ga

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

50

100150200250300

Billion Chained (2000) Dollars1

Production

C

Exports

Imports

203 206

21

Production Imports Exports

0

50

100150200250

Billion Nominal Dollars
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 3.2 Value of Fossil Fuel Production, Selected Years, 1949-2004

 (Billion Dollars)

Year

Coal 1 Natural Gas 2 Crude Oil 3,4 

Nominal Real 5 Nominal Real 5 Nominal Real 5 No

1949 2.52 R15.40 0.33 R1.99 4.68 R28.61 1950 2.91 R17.59 0.44 2.66 4.95 R29.97 1955 2.30 R12.28 0.94 5.02 6.88 R36.72 11960 2.10 R9.97 1.79 R8.50 7.42 R35.24 11965 2.40 R10.64 2.57 R11.39 8.15 R36.15 11970 3.88 R14.11 3.73 R13.53 11.19 R40.62 11971 4.01 13.87 4.05 R14.00 11.71 40.50 11972 4.65 R15.42 4.28 14.19 11.71 R38.83 21973 5.14 16.14 4.98 15.64 13.07 R41.05 21974 9.65 27.79 6.48 18.66 22.00 R63.36 31975 12.67 R33.33 8.85 R23.28 23.45 R61.70 41976 13.40 R33.33 11.57 R28.79 24.37 R60.64 41977 13.91 R32.53 15.82 37.00 25.79 60.32 51978 14.65 32.02 18.18 R39.72 28.60 R62.51 61979 18.55 37.44 24.16 R48.75 39.45 R79.63 81980 20.45 37.84 32.09 R59.37 67.93 125.70 121981 21.75 36.79 39.51 R66.84 99.40 R168.13 161982 22.84 36.41 45.71 R72.88 90.03 143.53 151983 20.32 31.16 43.73 67.06 83.05 127.36 141984 22.94 33.91 48.69 71.97 84.10 124.31 151985 22.27 R31.94 43.35 62.18 78.88 R113.16 141986 21.18 29.73 32.71 R45.90 39.63 R55.63 91987 21.20 28.96 29.11 39.77 46.93 64.12 91988 20.97 R27.71 30.28 R40.01 37.48 R49.51 81989 21.40 27.24 30.58 38.93 44.07 56.10 91990 22.39 R27.45 31.80 R38.97 53.77 R65.91 101991 21.40 R25.35 30.39 35.99 44.77 53.02 91992 20.98 R24.28 32.56 37.69 41.97 48.58 91993 18.77 R21.23 38.72 43.81 35.61 40.29 91994 20.06 R22.23 36.46 R40.40 32.07 35.53 81995 19.45 21.12 30.24 32.83 35.00 38.00 81996 19.68 20.97 42.99 45.81 43.68 46.54 101997 19.77 20.72 46.09 R48.30 40.57 42.52 101998 19.75 20.47 39.12 R40.56 24.80 25.71 81999 18.30 18.70 43.37 R44.32 33.40 34.13 92000 18.02 18.02 74.33 74.33 56.93 56.93 142001 19.60 R19.14 82.28 R80.35 46.25 R45.16 142002 19.68 R18.90 R58.66 R56.35 47.21 R45.35 R122003 R19.13 R18.05 R97.17 R91.67 R57.14 R53.91 R172004P 22.06 20.38 107.82 99.62 73.08 67.52 20

1 Coal values are based on free-on-board (f.o.b.) rail/barge prices, which are the f.o.b. prices of coal at

the point of first sale, excluding freight or shipping and insurance costs. See "Free on Board (F.O.B.)" inGlossary.

2 Natural gas values are for marketed production based on wellhead prices. See "Natural Gas

Marketed Production" and "Natural Gas Wellhead Price" in Glossary.

3 Includes lease condensate. 4 Crude oil values are based on domestic first purchase prices. See "Crude Oil Domestic First

Purchase Price" in Glossary. 5 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross dom

Table D1.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepeWeb Page: For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://wwwSources: Tables 5.1, 5.18, 6.2, 6.7, 7.2, and 7.8.
Figure 3.3 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by Source

Total Energy, 1970-2001 By Energy Type, 2001Prices1 by Energy Type, Indexed, 1970-2001 By Petroleum Product, 200170 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Gasoline Fuel Oil

$10.72 in 2001

1 Nominal dollars.2 Liquefied petroleum gases.3 Consumption-weighted average price for asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene,

lubricants, petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, special naphthas, waxes, and miscellaneous petroleum products.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Source: Table 3.3.

Electricity

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

2

468

10

12

Dollars1 per Million Btu

21.51

9.33

6.87

1.6

Retail Petroleum Natural Wood 

05

10152025

Dollars1 per Million Btu

Gas W

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

2

468

10

12

14

Index: 1970=1.00 Natural Gas Petroleum

11.35

9.60 9.17

5.72

Motor LPG2 Distillate Jet Fu

0369

12

Dollars1 per Million Btu

Nuclear Fuel

Coal

Wood and Waste
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 3.3 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by Source, 1970-2001

 (Nominal Dollars per Million Btu)

Year

Primary Energy 1

Coal 

Natural

Gas

Petroleum

Nuclear

Fuel

Wood

and

Waste Total 4,5

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Jet

Fuel LPG 2

Motor

Gasoline

Residual

Fuel Oil Other 3 Total

1970 0.38 0.59 1.16 0.73 1.46 2.85 0.42 1.38 1.72 0.18 1.29 1.08 1971 0.42 0.63 1.22 0.77 1.49 2.90 0.58 R1.45 1.79 0.18 1.31 1.15 1972 0.45 0.68 1.22 0.79 1.52 2.88 0.62 1.49 1.78 0.18 1.33 1.18 1973 0.48 0.73 1.46 0.92 2.02 3.10 0.75 R1.58 1.97 0.19 1.39 1.29 1974 0.88 0.89 2.44 1.58 2.81 4.32 1.82 R2.60 3.06 0.20 1.50 1.94 1975 1.03 1.18 2.60 2.05 2.97 4.65 1.93 R2.94 3.35 0.24 1.50 2.19 1976 1.04 1.46 2.77 2.25 3.21 4.84 1.90 R3.08 3.47 0.25 1.53 2.34 1977 1.11 1.76 3.11 2.59 3.65 5.13 2.14 R3.27 3.73 0.27 1.58 R2.58 1978 1.27 1.95 3.26 2.87 3.60 5.24 2.08 R3.45 3.84 0.30 1.61 2.71 1979 1.36 2.31 4.69 3.90 4.50 7.11 2.83 R4.70 5.23 0.34 1.88 3.47 1980 1.46 2.86 6.70 6.36 5.64 9.84 3.88 R7.04 7.40 0.43 2.26 4.57 1981 1.64 3.43 8.03 7.57 6.18 10.94 4.91 R8.67 8.68 0.48 2.53 5.24 1982 1.73 4.23 7.78 7.23 6.66 10.39 4.65 R7.87 R8.40 0.54 2.54 5.32 1983 1.70 4.72 7.32 6.53 7.17 9.12 4.50 R7.60 7.77 0.58 2.43 5.11 1984 1.71 4.75 R7.37 6.25 6.93 8.89 4.75 R7.67 R7.68 0.67 2.50 R5.03 1985 1.69 4.61 R7.22 5.91 6.54 9.01 4.30 R7.55 R7.63 0.71 R2.42 4.91 1986 1.62 4.07 R5.68 3.92 R6.43 6.79 2.37 R5.80 R5.73 0.70 2.10 3.96 1987 1.53 3.77 R5.97 4.03 6.06 7.23 2.86 R5.63 R6.04 0.71 2.07 R3.99 1988 1.50 3.78 R5.83 3.80 R5.87 7.33 2.35 R5.26 R5.91 0.73 2.08 R3.88 1989 R1.48 R3.82 R6.43 4.39 5.53 8.02 2.72 R5.50 6.43 0.70 R1.41 R4.06 1990 R1.49 R3.82 R7.68 5.68 R6.76 9.12 R3.17 R5.82 7.47 0.67 R1.30 R4.45 1991 R1.48 R3.74 R7.29 4.83 6.79 8.93 2.62 R5.74 R7.20 0.63 R1.38 R4.28 1992 R1.45 R3.83 R7.09 4.52 6.19 8.96 R2.28 R5.52 7.07 0.59 R1.31 R4.23 1993 R1.42 R4.10 R7.08 4.29 R6.21 8.83 R2.26 R5.50 7.01 0.56 R1.26 R4.25 1994 R1.39 R4.08 R6.99 3.95 R6.62 8.96 2.32 R5.47 R7.06 0.56 R1.38 R4.27 1995 R1.37 R3.73 R6.98 4.00 6.54 9.22 2.46 R5.74 7.29 0.54 1.42 R4.23 1996 R1.33 R4.25 R7.87 4.82 8.01 9.85 R2.80 R6.19 R8.01 0.51 R1.26 R4.63 1997 1.32 R4.53 R7.66 4.53 7.42 9.81 2.93 R5.88 R7.86 0.51 R1.14 R4.66 1998 R1.29 R4.13 R6.57 3.35 5.99 8.45 2.15 R5.04 R6.64 0.50 R1.31 R4.07 1999 R1.27 R4.16 R7.19 4.01 R6.65 9.31 R2.51 R5.30 7.33 R0.48 R1.38 R4.36 2000 R1.24 R5.62 R9.86 6.60 10.19 12.01 R4.32 R6.97 R9.91 R0.46 R1.60 R5.71 2001 1.29 6.87 9.17 5.72 9.60 11.35 3.99 6.38 9.33 0.44 1.63 5.79 

1 Consumption-weighted average prices for all sectors, including the electric power sector. 2 Liquefied petroleum gases. 3 Consumption-weighted average price for asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants,

petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, special naphthas, waxes, and miscellaneous petroleumproducts.

4 Includes coal coke imports and exports, which are not separately displayed. In 2001, coal coke

imports averaged 3.04 dollars per million Btu, and coal coke exports averaged 3.27 dollars per million Btu. 5 Includes net imports of electricity, which are not separately displayed. 6 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North AmericanIndustry Classification System) 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity andheat, to the public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electricutilities and independent power producers.

7 Consumption-weighted average electric power sector price for coal, natural gas, petroleum, nuclear

fuel, wood, waste, and net imports of electricity.

8 Retail electricity prices paid by ultimate customers, reported 

other energy service providers. 9 Consumption-weighted average price for primary energy sectors (residential, commercial, industrial, and transportationsector.

R=Revised. Notes: • Consumer prices are intended to represent prices 

taxes where data were available. • There are no direct fuel csolar energy.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.d

States page).

Source: Energy Information Administration, "State Energ

(January 2005), U.S. Table 1. 
Figure 3.4 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 2001

By Sector Residential Sector by Major SourcesCommercial Sector by Major Sources Industrial Sector by Major Sources72 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

15.72 15.56

10.21

6.78

Residential Commercial Transportation Industrial

06

12

18

Dollars1 per Million Btu

25.26

11.68

Retail Petroleum 

07

14

21

28

Dollars1 per Million Btu

Electricity 

14.75

6.75

5.68

Retail Petroleum Natural 

07

14

21

28

Dollars1 per Million Btu

22.97

8.32 7.66

Retail Natural Petroleum

07

14

21

28

Dollars1 per Million Btu

Electricity Gas Electricity Gas

1 Nominal dollars.

Notes: • Consumer prices are intended to represent prices paid by consumers. As such

they include taxes where data are available. • There are no direct fuel costs for hydroelectric,

geothermal, wind, or solar energy. • Because vertical sc

compared.

Source: Table 3.4.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 3.4 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 1970-2001

 (Nominal Dollars per Million Btu)

Year

Residential Commercial Industrial 

Natural

Gas Petroleum

Retail

Electricity 1 Total 2

Natural

Gas Petroleum

Retail

Electricity 1 Total 3 Coal

Natural

Gas Petroleum

Wood

and

Waste

Retail

Electricity 

1970 1.06 1.56 6.51 2.10 0.75 0.90 6.09 1.98 0.45 0.38 0.98 1.59 2.99 1971 1.12 1.61 6.80 2.24 0.80 1.01 6.44 2.16 0.50 0.41 1.05 1.59 3.22 1972 1.18 1.63 7.09 2.37 0.86 1.04 6.71 2.33 0.55 0.46 1.05 1.59 3.40 1973 1.26 2.11 7.44 2.72 0.91 1.20 7.06 2.56 0.63 0.50 1.18 1.60 3.66 1974 1.42 2.87 9.09 3.38 1.05 2.25 8.91 3.41 1.22 0.67 2.24 1.60 4.95 1975 1.67 3.04 10.29 3.81 1.32 2.39 10.11 4.08 1.50 0.95 2.46 1.60 6.07 1976 1.94 3.26 10.93 4.13 1.61 2.49 10.82 4.39 1.50 1.21 2.57 1.60 6.48 1977 2.30 3.66 11.87 4.77 2.00 2.84 11.99 5.13 1.56 1.48 2.84 1.59 7.33 1978 2.52 3.79 12.63 5.13 2.20 2.92 12.78 5.51 1.73 1.66 2.96 1.60 8.18 1979 2.92 5.33 13.60 6.00 2.69 4.15 13.72 6.28 1.75 1.96 3.99 1.60 8.94 1980 3.60 7.26 15.71 7.46 3.32 5.64 16.06 7.85 1.87 2.52 5.75 1.67 10.81 1981 4.19 8.68 18.17 8.82 3.91 7.00 18.44 9.49 2.06 3.07 6.84 1.67 12.57 1982 5.05 8.69 20.11 9.77 4.70 6.65 20.11 10.37 2.09 3.80 6.51 1.67 14.51 1983 5.88 8.43 21.04 10.66 5.43 6.51 20.57 10.94 1.91 4.10 6.57 1.67 14.54 1984 5.95 8.47 20.96 10.69 5.40 6.49 20.89 11.10 1.91 4.13 6.56 1.67 14.16 1985 5.94 8.17 21.66 10.93 5.34 6.38 21.30 11.65 1.90 3.87 6.29 1.67 14.57 1986 5.67 6.82 21.75 10.76 4.94 4.32 21.10 11.22 1.80 3.20 4.92 1.65 14.45 1987 5.39 6.66 21.82 10.71 4.64 4.65 20.44 10.98 1.67 2.88 4.96 1.65 13.98 1988 5.32 6.63 21.92 10.67 4.51 4.38 20.34 10.82 1.68 2.90 4.62 1.65 13.78 1989 5.47 7.59 22.41 11.02 4.61 4.99 20.77 11.28 1.68 2.93 4.69 1.20 13.85 1990 5.63 8.75 22.96 11.88 4.70 5.95 21.19 11.90 1.69 2.95 5.48 0.99 13.92 1991 5.66 8.56 23.57 12.08 4.69 5.44 21.73 12.09 1.67 2.80 5.31 1.14 14.18 1992 5.73 7.89 24.06 11.98 4.75 5.23 22.15 12.19 1.69 2.91 5.00 1.13 14.18 1993 5.99 7.73 24.40 12.28 5.08 5.00 22.40 12.59 1.63 3.12 4.93 1.12 14.22 1994 6.23 7.81 24.57 12.62 5.35 4.89 22.35 12.76 1.62 3.09 5.04 1.15 14.00 1995 5.89 7.75 24.63 12.59 4.94 4.97 22.28 12.65 1.63 2.80 5.20 1.21 13.68 1996 6.16 8.92 24.50 12.71 5.26 6.01 22.16 12.79 1.62 3.30 6.04 1.02 13.49 1997 6.75 8.90 24.71 13.29 5.68 5.92 22.03 13.06 1.62 3.53 5.68 1.01 13.29 1998 6.61 7.88 24.21 13.46 5.38 4.88 21.48 13.04 1.58 3.16 4.54 1.30 13.13 1999 6.50 8.12 23.89 13.17 5.22 5.35 20.72 12.74 1.58 3.21 5.07 1.44 12.85 2000 7.64 11.55 24.14 14.27 6.56 8.09 21.52 13.94 1.55 4.61 7.50 1.48 13.60 2001 9.43 11.68 25.26 15.72 8.32 7.66 22.97 15.56 1.63 5.68 6.75 1.59 14.75 

1 Retail electricity prices paid by ultimate customers, reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996,

other energy service providers.

2 Includes coal and wood, which are not separately displayed. 3 Includes coal, wood, and waste, which are not separately displayed. 4 Includes imports and exports of coal coke, which are not separately displayed. 5 Includes coal, natural gas, and retail electricity, which are not separately displayed.

Notes: • Consumer prices are intended to represent prices paid by consumers. As such they include

taxes where data were available. • There are no direct fuel cos

solar energy.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.do

States page).

Source: Energy Information Administration, "State Energy 

(January 2005), U.S. Tables 2-5. 
Figure 3.5 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by Source

Total Energy, 1970-2001 By Energy Type, 2001Expenditures1 by Energy Type, Indexed, 1970-2001 By Petroleum Product, 200174 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1Nominal dollars.2Liquefied petroleum gases.3Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants, petrochemical feedstocks,

petroleum coke, special naphthas, waxes, and miscellaneous petroleum products.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Source: Table 3.5.

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

200400600800

Billion Dollars1

Electricity Gas

$694 billion in 2001

336

245

140

Petroleum Retail Natural 

0

100200300400

Billion Dollars1

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

2

468

10

12

14

Index: 1970=1.00

Gasoline

Retail

Electricity

186

75

26 20

Motor Distillate LPG2 Jet F

0

50

100150200

Billion Dollars1

Petroleum

Natural

Gas

Coal

Fuel Oil
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 3.5 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by Source, 1970-2001

 (Million Nominal Dollars)

Year

Primary Energy 1

Coal 

Coal Coke

Net

Imports 2

Natural

Gas

Petroleum

Nuclear

Fuel

Wood

and

Waste Total 5

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Jet

Fuel LPG 3

Motor

Gasoline

Residual

Fuel Oil Other 4 Total

1970 4,630 -75 10,891 6,253 1,441 2,446 31,596 2,046 R4,172 R47,955 44 438 R63,896 1971 4,902 -40 12,065 6,890 1,582 2,531 33,478 2,933 R4,449 R51,864 73 446 R69,331 1972 5,415 -26 13,198 7,552 1,682 2,889 35,346 3,458 R4,777 R55,702 104 476 R74,911 1973 6,243 7 13,933 9,524 2,001 3,933 39,667 4,667 R5,318 R65,109 177 502 R86,052 1974 11,118 150 16,380 15,217 3,208 5,273 54,194 10,547 R8,284 R96,723 259 544 R125,272 1975 13,021 82 20,061 15,680 4,193 5,231 59,446 10,374 R8,493 R103,416 448 534 R137,629 1976 14,051 44 25,097 18,402 4,567 5,993 64,977 11,648 R9,925 R115,513 520 622 R155,935 1977 15,416 67 29,602 22,004 5,517 6,824 70,591 14,381 R11,790 R131,106 743 694 R177,826 1978 17,551 362 33,185 23,587 6,205 6,621 74,513 13,747 R13,348 R138,021 915 782 R191,061 1979 20,376 259 40,785 32,854 8,603 9,383 95,916 17,656 R18,785 R183,197 941 964 R246,800 1980 22,607 -78 51,061 40,797 13,923 10,926 124,408 21,573 R26,049 R237,676 1,189 1,252 R314,060 1981 26,159 -31 60,544 48,200 15,607 11,900 138,138 22,668 R28,571 R265,084 1,436 1,452 R355,280 1982 26,349 -52 68,292 44,087 14,974 12,925 130,305 17,632 R22,447 R242,372 1,684 1,475 R340,771 1983 26,987 -44 72,000 41,846 13,979 14,083 115,803 14,099 R21,573 R221,382 1,859 1,504 R324,471 1984 R29,025 -22 77,169 R44,668 15,097 14,143 114,429 14,410 R22,646 R225,392 2,384 1,552 R336,348 1985 R29,678 -34 72,938 R43,972 14,747 R13,557 118,048 11,493 R22,088 R223,906 2,878 R1,494 R331,775 1986 R27,855 -40 59,702 R35,113 10,505 R12,705 91,529 7,486 R17,647 R174,984 3,061 R1,320 R267,679 1987 R27,532 7 58,019 R37,729 11,448 R12,868 99,864 8,062 R17,687 R187,658 3,378 R1,300 R278,888 1988 R28,333 116 61,089 R38,776 11,318 R12,786 103,323 7,259 R16,779 R190,240 4,057 R1,360 R285,881 1989 R28,284 137 R66,203 R43,159 13,434 R12,166 112,720 R8,357 R17,060 R206,896 3,939 R2,235 R307,996 1990 R28,602 22 R65,281 R49,335 17,784 R13,694 126,558 R8,721 R19,255 R235,347 4,104 R1,957 R335,369 1991 R28,129 44 R65,957 R45,269 14,609 R14,936 123,118 R6,784 R18,231 R222,947 4,073 R2,130 R323,600 1992 R27,776 126 R70,091 R45,019 13,559 R14,175 125,249 R5,585 R18,363 R221,950 3,802 R2,164 R326,300 1993 R28,229 96 R77,052 R45,732 13,002 R13,976 126,560 R5,449 R18,318 R223,037 3,597 R2,153 R334,558 1994 R27,715 214 R78,584 R47,002 12,474 R16,278 130,068 R5,296 R18,701 R229,819 3,777 R2,510 R343,257 1995 R27,431 234 R75,020 R47,533 12,525 R16,263 136,647 R4,676 R19,218 R236,863 3,810 R3,000 R346,921 1996 R28,028 156 R86,911 R56,455 15,770 R21,171 148,344 R5,313 R21,086 R268,139 3,624 R2,713 R390,112 1997 R28,278 170 R93,392 R55,910 15,000 R19,872 149,668 R5,206 R21,578 R267,233 R3,369 R2,389 R395,335 1998 R27,888 188 R83,634 R48,350 11,239 R15,354 132,730 R4,280 R19,912 R231,864 R3,555 R2,631 R350,160 1999 R27,310 140 R84,971 R54,586 13,878 R19,159 149,260 R4,686 R21,226 R262,795 R3,643 R2,831 R382,213 2000 R28,080 146 R119,091 R78,207 23,636 R29,864 R193,947 R8,870 R26,212 R360,735 R3,628 R3,322 R515,327 2001 28,195 82 139,526 74,924 19,602 25,718 185,892 7,266 22,960 336,362 3,498 3,020 510,900 

1 Expenditures by all sectors, including the electric power sector. 2 Values derive from U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report IM-145"

and "Monthly Report EM-545," and may differ slightly from those shown on Table 3.9, which derive fromBureau of the Census, U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services. FT600 series. 3 Liquefied petroleum gases. 4 Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants, petrochemical feedstocks, petroleumcoke, special naphthas, waxes, and miscellaneous petroleum products.

5 Includes net imports of electricity, which are not separately displayed. 6 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North American Industry

Classification System) 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to thepublic. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities andindependent power producers. 7 Expenditures by the electric power sector for coal, natural gas, petroleum, nuclear fuel, wood, waste,

and net imports of electricity. Values are negative so the colum

8 Retail electricity expenditures by ultimate customers, rep

1996, other energy service providers. 9 Expenditures for primary energy and retail electricity commercial, industrial, and transportation); excludes expenditur

R=Revised. Notes: • There are no direct fuel costs for hydroelectric, g

may not equal the sum of components due to independent roun

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.g

page).

Source: Energy Information Administration, "State Energ

(January 2005), U.S. Table 1. 
Figure 3.6 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 2001

By Sector Residential Sector by Major Sources2Commercial Sector by Major Sources3 Industrial Sector by Major Sources476 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

261

169

138

126

Transportation Residential Industrial Commercial

0

100200300

Billion Dollars1

104

46

Retail Electricity Natural Gas 

0

20406080

100120

Billion Dollars1

47 47

39

Petroleum Retail Natural 

0

20406080

100120

Billion Dollars1

94

26

6

Retail Natural Petroleum

0

20406080

100120

Billion Dollars1

Electricity Gas Electricity Gas 

1 Nominal dollars.2 Expenditures for coal and wood are not displayed.3 Expenditures for coal, wood, and waste are not displayed.4 Expenditures for imports and exports of coal are not displayed.

Notes: • Petroleum accounts for nearly all transportation se

direct fuel costs for hydroelectric, geothermal, wind, or solathe sum of components due to independent rounding. • Becshould not be compared.

Source: Table 3.6.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 3.6 Consumer Expenditure Estimates for Energy by End-Use Sector, 1970-2001

 (Million Nominal Dollars)

Year

Residential Commercial Industrial 

Natural

Gas Petroleum

Retail

Electricity 1 Total 2

Natural

Gas Petroleum

Retail

Electricity 1 Total 3 Coal

Natural

Gas Petroleum

Wood

and

Waste

Retail

Electricity 

1970 5,272 4,286 10,352 20,213 1,844 1,391 7,319 10,628 2,082 2,625 6,069 366 5,624 1971 5,702 4,466 11,589 22,033 2,060 1,523 8,301 11,970 1,971 3,019 6,663 374 6,256 1972 6,223 4,731 13,034 24,203 2,289 1,599 9,443 13,410 2,212 3,335 7,180 404 7,173 1973 6,282 5,957 14,712 27,137 2,421 1,881 10,707 15,094 2,527 3,936 8,600 425 8,284 1974 6,949 7,392 17,924 32,563 2,741 3,205 13,373 19,494 4,704 4,971 15,408 421 11,184 1975 8,410 7,582 20,644 36,932 3,385 3,133 16,157 22,869 5,498 5,844 15,544 386 13,760 1976 9,992 8,857 22,621 41,785 4,379 3,638 18,148 26,345 5,448 7,484 18,384 443 16,083 1977 11,324 9,872 26,132 47,694 5,094 4,297 21,023 30,611 5,360 8,958 22,190 464 18,956 1978 12,565 9,926 29,069 51,949 5,812 4,230 23,166 33,443 5,722 10,114 23,203 511 21,798 1979 14,772 11,276 31,683 58,267 7,623 5,534 25,433 38,819 6,247 12,110 33,705 512 24,797 1980 17,497 12,695 38,458 69,438 8,858 7,267 30,611 46,932 5,888 16,350 42,765 529 28,863 1981 19,502 13,394 44,780 78,652 10,085 7,628 37,484 55,463 6,441 20,432 47,171 558 34,007 1982 23,987 12,526 50,045 87,583 12,565 6,706 41,759 61,343 5,301 20,504 41,841 540 35,364 1983 26,564 11,486 53,918 92,934 13,602 7,392 43,529 64,826 4,735 21,461 38,437 610 37,017 1984 27,873 12,433 55,777 97,115 14,012 8,121 47,304 69,763 5,420 23,763 41,563 622 39,050 1985 27,136 12,894 58,672 99,669 13,368 6,671 50,092 70,396 5,252 21,615 38,876 619 40,190 1986 25,147 10,613 60,776 97,320 11,770 4,869 51,449 68,337 4,745 16,479 30,567 639 39,271 1987 23,926 10,875 63,318 98,851 11,601 5,078 51,900 68,795 4,448 15,909 31,092 636 39,109 1988 25,332 11,204 66,793 104,085 12,377 4,655 54,411 71,669 4,744 17,257 29,123 662 40,507 1989 26,953 12,739 69,243 109,770 12,909 4,998 57,460 75,579 4,650 18,770 28,561 1,323 42,255 1990 25,442 12,308 72,379 111,099 12,682 5,669 60,620 79,237 4,636 19,348 34,132 906 43,358 1991 26,508 11,916 76,828 116,217 13,176 4,871 63,399 81,693 4,332 18,912 32,511 1,034 44,201 1992 27,600 11,264 76,848 116,639 13,687 4,469 64,226 82,635 4,245 20,553 32,225 1,079 45,474 1993 30,536 11,200 82,814 125,353 14,966 3,903 67,616 86,739 4,060 22,367 31,550 1,145 45,726 1994 31,029 11,089 84,552 127,417 15,926 3,847 69,627 89,650 4,060 22,558 33,626 1,279 46,257 1995 29,360 10,715 87,610 128,482 15,386 3,638 72,469 91,746 4,068 21,487 34,170 1,699 45,402 1996 33,222 13,278 90,501 137,903 17,111 4,518 74,109 96,010 3,943 26,167 40,796 1,434 45,951 1997 34,590 12,712 90,694 138,664 18,765 4,168 77,138 100,355 3,887 28,411 39,833 1,437 45,358 1998 30,875 10,352 93,164 134,914 16,682 3,222 78,194 98,327 3,566 24,515 32,220 1,766 45,132 1999 31,577 11,956 93,313 137,421 16,363 3,540 78,044 98,186 3,457 24,079 36,941 1,956 44,956 2000 38,959 18,051 98,209 156,095 21,339 6,121 85,138 112,843 3,507 34,624 53,512 2,044 47,859 2001 46,250 17,970 103,671 168,618 25,993 5,678 93,862 125,772 3,559 38,505 46,975 1,908 46,791 

1 Retail electricity expenditures by ultimate customers, reported by electric utilities and, beginning in

1996, other energy service providers.

2 Includes coal and wood, which are not separately displayed. 3 Includes coal, wood, and waste, which are not separately displayed. 4 Includes imports and exports of coal coke, which are not separately displayed. 5 Includes coal, natural gas, and retail electricity, which are not separately displayed.

Notes: • There are no direct fuel costs for hydroelectric, geo

may not equal the sum of components due to independent roundin

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.do

States page).

Source: Energy Information Administration, "State Energy 

(January 2005), U.S. Tables 2-5. 
Figure 3.7 Value of Fossil Fuel Imports

Total, 1949-2004 By Fuel, 1949-2004By Fuel, 200478 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Prices are in chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit

price deflators. See Table D1.

2 Natural gas, coal, and coal coke.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Source: Table 3.7.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

255075

100125150175200

Billion Chained (2000) Dollar1

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

102030405060708090

100110120130

Billion Chained (2000) Dollars1

136

43

27

Crude Oil Petroleum Products Other2

0

50

100150

Billion Nominal Dollars
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 3.7 Value of Fossil Fuel Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2004

 (Billion Dollars)

Year

Coal Coal Coke Natural Gas Crude Oil 1 Petroleum Products 2 

Nominal Real 3 Nominal Real 3 Nominal Real 3 Nominal Real 3 Nominal Real 3 

1949 (s) 0.01 (s) 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.30 1.86 0.14 0.84 1950 (s) 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.37 2.23 0.21 1.30 1955 (s) 0.01 (s) 0.01 (s) 0.01 0.65 3.49 0.44 2.36 1960 (s) 0.01 (s) 0.01 0.03 0.13 0.90 4.25 0.73 3.48 1965 (s) 0.01 (s) 0.01 0.11 0.47 1.12 4.97 0.92 4.10 1970 (s) (s) (s) 0.01 0.26 0.94 1.26 4.58 1.48 5.38 1971 (s) 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.31 1.08 1.69 5.84 1.66 5.73 1972 (s) (s) (s) 0.02 0.31 1.04 2.37 7.85 1.99 6.59 1973 (s) 0.01 0.04 0.12 0.36 1.14 4.24 13.31 3.50 10.98 1974 0.06 0.17 0.19 0.56 0.53 1.53 15.25 43.92 11.01 31.71 1975 0.02 0.06 0.16 0.41 1.15 3.03 18.29 48.13 6.77 17.81 1976 0.02 0.04 0.11 0.28 1.66 4.13 25.46 63.33 6.65 16.55 1977 0.04 0.09 0.13 0.31 2.00 4.68 33.59 78.57 8.42 19.69 1978 0.07 0.16 0.41 0.89 2.06 4.50 32.30 70.59 7.30 15.96 1979 0.05 0.10 0.34 0.69 3.13 6.31 46.06 92.96 10.45 21.09 1980 0.03 0.06 0.05 0.10 4.21 7.80 61.90 114.54 12.54 23.21 1981 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.07 4.41 7.46 61.46 103.96 14.30 24.18 1982 0.02 0.04 0.01 0.01 4.69 7.48 45.72 72.89 13.86 22.10 1983 0.04 0.07 (s) (s) 4.39 6.73 36.49 55.96 14.84 22.76 1984 0.05 0.07 0.05 0.07 3.44 5.08 36.44 53.87 17.87 26.41 1985 0.07 0.10 0.04 0.06 3.05 4.37 32.90 47.20 17.47 25.05 1986 0.08 0.11 0.03 0.04 1.82 2.56 22.61 31.73 12.18 17.10 1987 0.06 0.08 0.05 0.08 1.93 2.64 29.13 39.80 12.37 16.89 1988 0.06 0.08 0.19 0.26 2.38 3.14 27.55 36.39 12.43 16.43 1989 0.10 0.12 0.22 0.28 2.51 3.19 35.53 45.23 13.50 17.18 1990 0.09 0.11 0.07 0.09 2.97 3.64 43.78 53.66 16.90 20.72 1991 0.11 0.13 0.09 0.11 3.24 3.83 36.90 43.70 13.17 15.60 1992 0.13 0.15 0.14 0.17 3.96 4.58 38.55 44.63 11.98 13.87 1993 0.25 0.29 0.17 0.19 4.77 5.40 38.47 43.53 11.74 13.28 1994 0.27 0.30 0.27 0.30 4.90 5.43 38.48 42.63 11.14 12.35 1995 0.32 0.35 0.33 0.35 4.23 4.59 42.81 46.48 9.95 10.80 1996 0.27 0.29 0.24 0.26 5.79 6.17 54.93 58.53 15.27 16.27 1997 0.26 0.27 0.25 0.27 6.50 6.81 54.23 56.83 416.93 417.74 1998 0.28 0.29 0.29 0.30 6.21 6.44 37.25 38.61 13.01 13.49 1999 0.28 0.29 0.23 0.23 8.03 8.21 50.89 52.00 16.28 16.64 2000 0.38 0.38 0.25 0.25 14.94 14.94 89.88 89.88 29.38 29.38 2001 0.67 0.66 0.19 0.19 R17.62 R17.21 74.29 R72.55 28.45 27.79 2002 0.60 0.58 0.24 0.23 R12.61 R12.11 79.25 R76.14 23.52 R22.60 2003 0.79 R0.74 0.24 0.23 R20.66 R19.49 R101.80 R96.03 R30.64 R28.90 2004P 1.02 0.95 1.23 1.14 24.74 22.86 136.00 125.65 43.22 39.93 

1 Beginning in 1977, includes imports into the Strategic Petroleum Reserve. 2 Includes petroleum preparations, liquefied propane and butane, and, beginning in 1997, other mineral

fuels. 3 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. SeeTable D1.

4 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1996 and 1997 due to the addition of the

commodity category "Other Mineral Fuels."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.005 billion. Notes: • Includes value of imports into Puerto Rico from foreign countries; excludes receipts into the 50

States and the District of Columbia from the Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico. • Totals may not equal sum ofcomponents due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/finan.html.Sources: Coal and Coal Coke: Bureau of the Census, Foreign Trade Division, upublished data. 

Natural Gas: • 1949-1962—Bureau of the Census, U.S. Imports of Merchandise for Consumption, 

FT110. • 1963—Bureau of the Census, U.S. Imports o

• 1964-1971—Bureau of the Census, U.S. Imports for Consumpand 1973—Federal Power Commission, Pipeline Imports and Exof LNG. • 1974-1977—Federal Power Commission, United Sannual reports. • 1978-1981—Energy Information AdministNatural Gas, annual reports. • 1982-1998—EIA, Natura• 1999-2000—EIA, NGM, (August 2001). • 2001-2003—E• 2004—EIA, NGM (April 2005), Tables 5 and 6. • 1949-1962—Bureau of the Census, U.S. Imports of • 1963—Bureau of the Census, U.S. Imports of • 1964-1988—Bureau of the Census, U.S. Imports for Consumthe Census, Foreign Trade Division, U.S. Merchandise Trade, FGoods by Principal SITC Commodity Groupings," December issu
Figure 3.8 Value of Fossil Fuel Exports

Total, 1949-2004 By Fuel, 1949-2004By Fuel, 200480 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Prices are in chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit

price deflators. See Table D1.

2 Coal, crude oil, and coal coke.

3 Natural gas, crude oil, and coal coke.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Source: Table 3.8.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

06

12

1824

Billion Chained (2000) Dollars1

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

2

468

10

12

14

Billion Chained (2000) Dollars1

Coal

Products

13

5

3

Petroleum Natural Gas Other2

0369

12

15

Billion Nominal Dollars
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 3.8 Value of Fossil Fuel Exports, Selected Years, 1949-2004

 (Billion Dollars)

Year

Coal Coal Coke Natural Gas Crude Oil Petroleum Products 1 

Nominal Real 2 Nominal Real 2 Nominal Real 2 Nominal Real 2 Nominal Real 2 

1949 0.30 1.82 0.01 0.05 (s) 0.01 0.10 0.60 0.46 2.82 1950 0.27 1.63 0.01 0.04 (s) 0.02 0.10 0.62 0.39 2.39 1955 0.48 2.59 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.21 0.60 3.20 1960 0.35 1.68 0.01 0.03 (s) 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.47 2.22 1965 0.48 2.12 0.02 0.07 0.01 0.03 (s) 0.02 0.44 1.95 1970 0.96 3.49 0.08 0.29 0.03 0.11 0.02 0.07 0.50 1.82 1971 0.90 3.12 0.04 0.16 0.04 0.13 0.01 0.02 0.50 1.74 1972 0.98 3.26 0.03 0.10 0.04 0.13 (s) 0.01 0.49 1.62 1973 1.01 3.18 0.03 0.10 0.04 0.13 (s) 0.01 0.57 1.80 1974 2.44 7.02 0.04 0.13 0.05 0.16 0.01 0.04 0.87 2.51 1975 3.26 8.58 0.07 0.20 0.09 0.24 (s) (s) 1.01 2.65 1976 2.91 7.24 0.07 0.17 0.10 0.25 0.03 0.07 1.07 2.66 1977 2.66 6.21 0.07 0.17 0.11 0.25 0.21 0.49 1.14 2.66 1978 2.05 4.48 0.05 0.11 0.11 0.24 0.39 0.85 1.23 2.69 1979 3.40 6.86 0.08 0.16 0.13 0.26 0.39 0.80 1.58 3.20 1980 4.63 8.56 0.13 0.24 0.23 0.42 0.75 1.39 2.12 3.92 1981 5.92 10.01 0.07 0.13 0.35 0.59 0.58 0.98 3.24 5.48 1982 5.99 9.55 0.06 0.10 0.30 0.48 0.47 0.75 5.86 9.34 1983 4.06 6.22 0.05 0.07 0.28 0.43 0.22 0.34 4.88 7.48 1984 4.13 6.11 0.07 0.10 0.27 0.40 0.19 0.27 4.62 6.82 1985 4.47 6.41 0.08 0.11 0.26 0.38 0.23 0.32 4.90 7.02 1986 3.93 5.52 0.07 0.09 0.17 0.24 0.12 0.16 3.77 5.29 1987 3.40 4.65 0.05 0.07 0.17 0.23 0.13 0.17 3.80 5.19 1988 4.01 5.30 0.08 0.10 0.20 0.27 0.08 0.10 2.72 3.60 1989 4.29 5.46 0.08 0.10 0.27 0.34 0.21 0.26 2.65 3.38 1990 4.51 5.53 0.05 0.06 0.27 0.32 0.14 0.17 4.23 5.19 1991 4.62 5.47 0.05 0.06 0.33 0.40 0.03 0.04 4.65 5.51 1992 4.24 4.91 0.04 0.05 0.49 0.56 0.03 0.04 4.27 4.94 1993 3.09 3.49 0.06 0.07 0.36 0.41 0.02 0.02 4.15 4.69 1994 2.85 3.16 0.04 0.04 0.40 0.45 0.05 0.05 3.36 3.72 1995 3.57 3.87 0.05 0.05 0.37 0.40 0.01 0.01 3.56 3.87 1996 3.69 3.93 0.06 0.07 0.46 0.49 0.56 0.60 4.25 4.53 1997 3.39 3.55 0.05 0.06 0.47 0.50 1.04 1.09 37.55 37.91 1998 3.04 3.15 0.04 0.05 0.39 0.40 0.90 0.93 5.68 5.89 1999 2.13 2.18 0.03 0.03 0.43 0.44 0.77 0.79 6.35 6.48 2000 2.04 2.04 0.05 0.05 1.00 1.00 0.46 0.46 9.73 9.73 2001 1.80 1.76 0.11 0.11 R1.56 R1.53 0.19 0.18 8.68 8.48 2002 1.60 1.54 0.06 0.06 1.76 1.69 0.09 0.09 8.65 R8.31 2003 1.55 1.46 0.07 0.07 3.85 R3.64 0.16 0.15 R10.05 R9.48 2004P 2.60 2.40 0.11 0.10 5.20 4.81 0.27 0.24 12.84 11.86 

1 Includes petroleum preparations, liquefied propane and butane, and, beginning in 1997, other mineral

fuels. 2 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. SeeTable D1.

3 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1996 and 1997 due to the addition of the

commodity category "Other Mineral Fuels."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.005 billion. Notes: • Includes value of exports from Puerto Rico to foreign countries; excludes shipments from the

50 States and the District of Columbia to the Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico. • Totals may not equal sumof components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/finan.html.

Sources: Coal and Coal Coke: Bureau of the Census, F

Natural Gas: • 1949-1971—Bureau of the Census, U.S. ExpPower Commission, Pipeline Imports and Exports of Natur• 1974-1977—Federal Power Commission, United States Imreports. • 1978-1981—Energy Information Administration (EIA)annual reports. • 1982-1998—EIA, Natural Gas Monthly (NGNGM, (August 2004). • 2001-2003—EIA, Natural Gas Annual, 2005), Tables 5 and 6. Crude Oil and Petroleum Products: Exports, FT410. • 1989 forward—Bureau of the Census, ForeigFT900, "Exhibit 15. Exports and Imports of Goods by Principaissues.
Figure 3.9 Value of Fossil Fuel Net Imports, 1949-2004

Value of Fossil Fuel Net ImportsValue of Fossil Fuel Net Imports by Fuel82 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Coal2

1Prices are in chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit

price deflators. See Table D1. 2Includes small amounts of coal coke.

Note: Negative net imports are net exports. Source: Table 3.9.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

-25

0

255075

100125150175200

-25

Billion Chained (2000) Dollars1

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

-25

0

255075

100125150175

-25

Billion Chained (2000) Dollars1 Natural Gas Crude Oil and Petroleum Products
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 3.9 Value of Fossil Fuel Net Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2004

 (Billion Dollars)

Year

Coal Coal Coke Natural Gas Crude Oil Petroleum Products 1 

Nominal Real 2 Nominal Real 2 Nominal Real 2 Nominal Real 2 Nominal Real 2 

1949 -0.29 -1.80 (s) -0.03 (s) -0.01 0.21 1.26 -0.32 -1.98 1950 -0.27 -1.61 (s) -0.01 (s) -0.02 0.27 1.61 -0.18 -1.09 1955 -0.48 -2.57 -0.01 -0.04 -0.01 -0.03 0.62 3.29 -0.16 -0.84 1960 -0.35 -1.67 -0.01 -0.03 0.02 0.12 0.89 4.22 0.26 1.26 1965 -0.48 -2.11 -0.01 -0.07 0.10 0.44 1.11 4.95 0.48 2.15 1970 -0.96 -3.49 -0.08 -0.27 0.23 0.83 1.24 4.51 0.98 3.56 1971 -0.90 -3.11 -0.04 -0.14 0.27 0.95 1.68 5.82 1.15 3.99 1972 -0.98 -3.26 -0.03 -0.09 0.28 0.91 2.37 7.85 1.50 4.97 1973 -1.01 -3.18 0.01 0.02 0.32 1.01 4.24 13.31 2.93 9.19 1974 -2.38 -6.85 0.15 0.43 0.48 1.37 15.24 43.89 10.14 29.20 1975 -3.24 -8.52 0.08 0.22 1.06 2.79 18.29 48.13 5.76 15.16 1976 -2.89 -7.20 0.04 0.11 1.56 3.88 25.43 63.26 5.58 13.89 1977 -2.62 -6.12 0.06 0.14 1.89 4.43 33.38 78.08 7.28 17.03 1978 -1.98 -4.32 0.36 0.79 1.95 4.26 31.91 69.73 6.07 13.27 1979 -3.35 -6.75 0.26 0.52 3.00 6.05 45.66 92.16 8.87 17.89 1980 -4.60 -8.51 -0.08 -0.14 3.98 7.37 61.15 113.15 10.42 19.28 1981 -5.89 -9.96 -0.03 -0.05 4.06 6.87 60.88 102.98 11.06 18.71 1982 -5.97 -9.52 -0.05 -0.08 4.39 7.00 45.25 72.15 8.00 12.76 1983 -4.01 -6.16 -0.04 -0.07 4.11 6.30 36.27 55.62 9.96 15.28 1984 -4.09 -6.04 -0.02 -0.03 3.17 4.68 36.26 53.59 13.25 19.58 1985 -4.39 -6.30 -0.03 -0.05 2.79 4.00 32.68 46.87 12.57 18.03 1986 -3.85 -5.40 -0.04 -0.06 1.65 2.32 22.49 31.57 8.42 11.81 1987 -3.35 -4.58 0.01 0.01 1.76 2.41 29.00 39.63 8.57 11.71 1988 -3.95 -5.22 0.12 0.15 2.18 2.88 27.47 36.29 9.71 12.83 1989 -4.19 -5.33 0.14 0.17 2.24 2.85 35.32 44.97 10.85 13.81 1990 -4.42 -5.41 0.02 0.03 2.71 3.32 43.65 53.50 12.67 15.53 1991 -4.51 -5.34 0.04 0.05 2.90 3.43 36.87 43.66 8.52 10.09 1992 -4.11 -4.76 0.10 0.11 3.47 4.02 38.52 44.59 7.72 8.93 1993 -2.83 -3.21 0.11 0.12 4.41 4.99 38.45 43.50 7.59 8.59 1994 -2.58 -2.86 0.23 0.26 4.50 4.98 38.43 42.58 7.78 8.62 1995 -3.24 -3.52 0.27 0.30 3.86 4.19 42.81 46.48 6.39 6.94 1996 -3.41 -3.64 0.18 0.19 5.33 5.68 54.37 57.93 11.01 11.74 1997 -3.13 -3.28 0.20 0.21 6.02 6.31 53.19 55.74 39.37 39.82 1998 -2.75 -2.86 0.25 0.26 5.82 6.03 36.36 37.69 7.33 7.60 1999 -1.85 -1.90 0.20 0.20 7.61 7.77 50.12 51.21 9.94 10.15 2000 -1.66 -1.66 0.20 0.20 13.94 13.94 89.41 89.41 19.65 19.65 2001 -1.13 -1.10 0.08 0.08 R16.05 R15.68 74.11 R72.37 19.77 19.31 2002 -1.00 -0.96 0.18 0.17 R10.85 R10.42 79.16 R76.05 14.87 R14.29 2003 -0.76 -0.72 0.17 0.16 R16.81 R15.86 R101.64 R95.88 R20.59 R19.42 2004P -1.57 -1.45 1.12 1.04 19.54 18.05 135.73 125.40 30.38 28.07 

1 Includes petroleum preparations, liquefied propane and butane, and, beginning in 1997, other mineral

fuels. 2 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. SeeTable D1.

3 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1996 and 1997 due to the addition of the

commodity category "Other Mineral Fuels."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.005 billion. 

Notes: • Net imports equal imports minus exports. Minus 

greater than the value of imports. • Totals may not equal rounding. • Data on this table may not equal data on Taindependent rounding.

Web Page: For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://wwwSources: Tables 3.7 and 3.8.
Figure 3.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Domestic Production and Refining, 1974-2003

Crude Oil and Natural Gas Liquids Production Dry Natural Gas Production Coal Productionby Major Energy Companies by Major Energy Companies by Major Energy CompMajor Energy Companies’ Shares of U.S. Total Production Major Energy Companies’ Shares of U.S. Refin84 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Notes: • “Major U.S. Energy Companies” are the top publicly-owned, U.S.-based crude oil

and natural gas producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reporting System(FRS). See Table 3.14. • Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared.

Source: Table 3.10.

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

2

468

Million Barrels per Day

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0369

12

15

Trillion Cubic Feet

1975 1980 19

0

100200300400

Million Short Tons

Dry Natural Gas

Note: Expanded coverage of refiin 1998 Financial Reporting Syste

1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

255075

100

Percent

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

10203040506070

Percent Uranium

Output

Coal

Crude Oil and Natural Gas Liquids
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 3.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Domestic Production and Refining, 1974-2003

Year

Production 

Crude Oil and

Natural Gas Liquids 1 Dry Natural Gas 1 Coal 2 Uranium Capacity 3 

Million Barrels

per Day

Percent of

U.S. Total

Trillion

Cubic Feet

Percent of

U.S. Total

Million

Short Tons

Percent of

U.S. Total

Million

Pounds 4

Percent of

U.S. Total 5

Million Barrels

per Day

Perce

U.S. T

1974 5.9 56.0 11.6 56.1 87.4 14.3 NA NA 13.3 921975 5.6 56.1 11.0 57.4 88.1 13.5 4.3 18.6 13.4 891976 5.4 55.7 10.6 55.6 89.0 13.0 3.3 13.0 14.2 931977 5.5 55.3 10.3 53.6 89.1 12.8 16.0 53.4 14.6 891978 5.8 56.8 10.1 52.7 85.5 12.8 17.3 46.8 14.8 861979 5.7 56.3 9.9 50.3 123.3 15.8 16.7 44.7 14.4 821980 5.7 56.1 9.3 47.7 142.3 17.2 19.0 43.5 15.1 831981 5.7 55.8 9.2 47.8 154.8 18.8 14.5 37.7 14.6 781982 5.7 55.9 8.3 46.7 195.2 23.3 9.2 34.2 13.6 761983 5.6 55.1 7.4 45.8 185.2 23.7 6.6 31.4 13.0 771984 5.7 54.3 7.9 45.5 226.0 25.2 4.1 27.8 12.8 791985 5.8 54.9 7.3 44.6 230.4 26.1 2.1 18.9 12.6 801986 5.7 56.0 7.1 44.5 227.6 25.6 1.6 12.1 12.5 811987 5.7 57.0 7.2 43.4 255.3 27.8 0.0 0.0 12.5 801988 5.7 58.8 7.6 44.6 285.3 30.0 0.0 0.0 12.3 771989 5.2 57.2 7.5 43.2 286.9 29.3 0.0 0.0 11.5 731990 5.0 55.8 7.6 42.6 282.0 27.4 0.0 0.0 11.4 731991 5.0 54.9 7.5 42.4 289.6 29.1 0.0 0.0 11.2 711992 4.8 53.9 7.9 44.2 251.9 25.3 0.0 0.0 11.0 691993 4.5 52.1 7.7 42.3 197.3 20.9 0.0 0.0 10.7 701994 4.4 52.1 8.0 42.5 179.7 17.4 0.0 0.0 10.6 701995 4.3 51.7 8.1 43.3 165.4 16.0 0.0 0.0 10.4 671996 4.2 50.5 8.2 43.4 169.4 15.9 0.0 0.0 10.5 681997 4.0 48.3 8.3 43.9 163.3 15.0 0.0 0.0 9.4 601998 3.8 47.5 8.4 44.1 73.9 6.6 0.0 0.0 714.3 7901999 3.6 46.3 8.0 42.4 44.0 4.0 0.0 0.0 14.2 872000 3.5 44.8 8.3 43.5 35.5 3.3 0.0 0.0 14.4 872001 3.7 48.7 8.8 45.1 33.0 2.9 0.0 0.0 14.7 882002 3.7 48.4 8.7 R46.0 29.3 2.7 0.0 0.0 14.6 R872003 3.5 47.3 8.3 43.8 18.3 1.7 0.0 0.0 14.6 87

1 Production is on a net ownership basis. "Net ownership" is all reserve quantities owned, regardless of

type of ownership (e.g., working interest or royalty). 2 Bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, and lignite. 3 Operable capacity as of January 1 of the following year. 4 Production of uranium oxide (U3O8). See "Uranium Oxide" in Glossary. 5 Percent of U.S. total uranium concentrate production. See "Uranium Concentrate" in Glossary. 6 The Financial Reporting System (FRS) data include Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands; U.S. Totals donot include Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.

7 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1997 and 1998 due to the expanded coverage of

the FRS.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. Note: "Major U.S. Energy Companies" are the top publicly-ow

producers and petroleum refiners that form the FRS. See Table 

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: Production and Refining: • 1974-1976—Ener

EIA-28, "Financial Reporting System" database, November 19Profiles of Major Energy Producers, annual reports. Percent of and 9.3.
Figure 3.11 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Net Income

Total, 1974-2003 Total by Type of Business, 2003U.S. Petroleum, 1977-2003 Foreign Petroleum, 1977-200386 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Nominal dollars.

2 In 2003, includes International Marine.

Notes: • “Major U.S. Energy Companies” are the top pub

and natural gas producers and petroleum refiners that form 

(FRS). See Table 3.14. • Because vertical scales differ, grap

Source: Table 3.11.

Power 

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

10203040506070

Billion Dollars1

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

-5

05

10152025

-5

Billion Dollars1

1980 1985 1990 

-6

06

12

1824

-6

Billion Dollars1

55.1

3.6

1.0 

Petroleum Downstream Electric 

0

102030405060

Percent

Natural Gas

Crude Oil and

Natural Gas

Production

Refining

and

Rate Marketing Regulated

Pipelines

International Marine
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 3.11 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Net Income, 1974-2003

 (Billion Dollars1

)

Year

Petroleum 2

Downstream

Natural

Gas 2,3

Electric

Power Coal

United States Foreign

Total

Petroleum

Crude Oil and

Natural Gas

Production

Refining

and

Marketing

Rate

Regulated

Pipelines Total

Crude Oil and

Natural Gas

Production

Refining

and

Marketing

International

Marine Total

1974 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1975 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1976 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1977 6.4 1.5 0.8 8.6 3.6 0.7 0.1 4.4 13.0 6 ( ) 7 ( ) 0.2 1978 6.7 1.6 1.2 9.5 3.5 1.8 -0.1 5.2 14.7 6 ( ) 7 ( ) 0.1 1979 9.4 2.3 1.7 13.4 5.2 4.3 0.1 9.7 23.0 6 ( ) 7 ( ) 0.3 1980 13.8 2.5 1.7 17.9 6.9 4.3 0.1 11.2 29.1 6 ( ) 7 ( ) 0.3 1981 16.8 1.3 1.8 19.9 8.0 1.6 -0.1 9.6 29.5 6 ( ) 7 ( ) 0.4 1982 14.1 1.9 2.3 18.3 6.1 0.8 -0.3 6.7 25.0 6 ( ) 7 ( ) 0.4 1983 12.2 1.6 2.0 15.9 7.2 1.3 -0.5 8.2 24.0 6 ( ) 7 ( ) 0.5 1984 13.3 0.1 2.5 15.8 7.5 0.7 -0.4 7.8 23.6 6 ( ) 7 ( ) 0.6 1985 12.1 2.3 2.3 16.7 8.0 0.5 -0.4 8.1 24.8 6 ( ) 7 ( ) 0.4 1986 0.9 1.6 2.6 5.2 4.7 2.9 0.1 7.7 12.9 6 ( ) 7 ( ) 0.2 1987 4.7 1.1 2.6 8.4 5.4 1.0 -0.1 6.4 14.8 6 ( ) 7 ( ) 0.4 1988 3.2 5.4 2.0 10.6 4.3 2.4 0.1 6.9 17.5 6 ( ) 7 ( ) 0.6 1989 3.1 4.5 1.9 9.5 4.7 1.8 0.2 6.7 16.2 6 ( ) 7 ( ) 0.4 1990 8.7 2.2 2.1 12.9 7.4 2.8 0.2 10.5 23.4 6 ( ) 7 ( ) 0.3 1991 5.1 0.9 2.0 7.9 5.4 4.1 0.3 9.8 17.7 6 ( ) 7 ( ) 0.6 1992 5.6 -0.2 2.1 7.5 4.7 2.2 (s) 6.9 14.4 6 ( ) 7 ( ) -0.5 1993 4.8 1.7 1.6 8.1 5.2 3.2 (s) 8.4 16.5 6 ( ) 7 ( ) 0.4 1994 4.8 1.8 1.8 8.5 4.0 2.0 (s) 5.9 14.4 6 ( ) 7 ( ) 0.2 1995 3.7 0.5 2.2 6.4 5.9 2.4 (s) 8.3 14.7 6 ( ) 7 ( ) 0.3 1996 11.8 2.3 1.6 15.7 9.2 2.0 (s) 11.2 26.9 6 ( ) 7 ( ) 0.5 1997 11.6 3.1 1.3 16.0 9.6 3.6 0.1 13.3 29.3 6 ( ) 7 ( ) 0.3 1998 0.5 5.9 1.4 7.8 2.0 2.9 0.1 5.1 12.8 6 ( ) 7 ( ) 0.5 1999 7.4 4.9 2.4 14.8 8.2 1.9 (s) 10.1 24.8 6 ( ) 7 ( ) 0.2 2000 21.9 7.7 2.3 31.8 18.5 2.9 (s) 21.4 53.3 6 ( ) 7 ( ) (s) 2001 17.6 12.0 3.3 32.9 14.6 3.1 0.2 17.8 50.8 6 ( ) 7 ( ) 0.1 2002 15.0 R-1.4 1.7 R15.4 12.9 R-0.4 (s) R12.5 27.9 6 ( ) 7 ( ) (s) 2003 222.6 27.4 20.8 230.9 221.3 2,82.9 8 ( ) 224.3 255.1 3.6 1.0 7 ( ) 

1 Nominal dollars. 2 Through 2002, natural gas operations are included in the "Petroleum" line of business. Beginning in

2003, downstream natural gas operations are included in their own line of business.

3 "Downstream Natural Gas" is a line of business that begins with the procurement of natural gas,

processes and gathers natural gas, produces natural gas liquids, imports liquefied natural gas, marketsand trades natural gas and natural gas liquids, and delivers wholesale and retail volumes of natural gasand natural gas liquids.

4 Through 2002, includes electric power, nuclear, renewable fuels, and nonconventional energy

(including oil shale, tar sands, coal liquefaction and gasification, geothermal, and solar). Beginning in2003, includes coal, nuclear, renewable fuels, and nonconventional energy.

5 Total is sum of components shown, minus eliminations and nontraceables (see Notes). 6 Included in "Petroleum." 7 Included in "Other Energy." 8 In 2003, "International Marine" is included with "Foreign Refining and Marketing" to prevent

disclosure.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 billion and Notes: • "Major U.S. Energy Companies" are the top publicly

gas producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reincome" is operating income plus other income and extraordinarinterest charges, other deductions, and extraordinary deductioexpenses resulting from transactions between segments of the accounts do not include intersegment revenues and expenses. Tmust be eliminated. • "Nontraceables" are energy companies’ rcannot be directly attributed to a type of business by use of a rethe basis of operating-level utilities.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1974-1976—Energy Information Administration 

System" database, November 1997. • 1977 forward—EIA, Producers, annual reports.
Figure 3.12 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Profitability

Total, 1974-2003 Total by Type of Activity, 2003U.S. Petroleum, 1977-2003 Foreign Petroleum, 1977-200388 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Notes: • “Major U.S. Energy Companies” are the top publicly-owned crude oil and natural

gas producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reporting System (FRS). See

Table 3.14. • Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared.

Source: Table 3.12.

Stream

Natural

Gas

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

048

12

16

Percent

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

-5

05

10152025

-5

Percent

1980 1985 1990 

-20-10

0

102030

-20

Percent

Power 

13.4

8.9

5.2

Petroleum Down- Electric 

0369

12

15

Percent

Crude Oil and

Natural Gas

Production

Rate

Regulated

Pipelines

Refining

and

Marketing

Crude Oil and

Natural Gas

Production

R

M

International

Marine
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 3.12 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Profitability, 1974-2003

 (Percent)

Year

Petroleum 1

Downstream

Natural

Gas 1,2

Electric

Power Coal

United States Foreign

Total

Petroleum

Crude Oil and

Natural Gas

Production

Refining

and

Marketing

Rate

Regulated

Pipelines Total

Crude Oil and

Natural Gas

Production

Refining

and

Marketing

International

Marine Total

1974 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1975 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1976 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1977 17.5 7.2 7.3 12.5 21.8 5.1 2.6 12.4 12.5 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 8.8 1978 16.4 7.5 10.9 12.8 18.2 12.7 -1.0 13.6 13.1 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 4.1 1979 18.2 9.8 15.1 15.5 23.8 29.1 2.6 23.1 18.0 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 6.3 1980 20.9 9.8 15.1 17.5 25.1 26.4 2.4 23.0 19.2 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 5.6 1981 20.2 4.4 15.6 16.1 25.5 9.0 -1.1 17.7 16.6 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 6.1 1982 14.0 6.0 20.8 12.7 17.4 4.7 -6.3 11.8 12.5 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 4.4 1983 11.3 4.8 16.6 10.3 19.6 7.7 -13.2 14.1 11.3 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 5.0 1984 10.8 0.3 20.8 9.4 18.8 4.5 -14.0 13.3 10.4 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 6.2 1985 9.5 6.5 15.0 9.4 20.0 3.3 -19.0 13.8 10.5 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 4.6 1986 0.8 4.5 13.2 3.0 11.6 16.3 5.3 12.8 5.5 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 2.7 1987 4.1 2.9 12.8 4.9 12.4 4.7 -3.6 9.5 6.2 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 5.1 1988 2.8 14.7 9.6 6.3 9.2 11.6 6.8 9.9 7.3 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 6.7 1989 2.9 11.5 10.2 5.8 8.9 8.0 12.4 8.7 6.7 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 5.0 1990 8.5 5.1 11.2 7.9 13.1 11.2 11.7 12.5 9.5 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 3.3 1991 5.1 2.0 10.7 4.9 9.1 14.6 15.6 11.0 7.0 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 8.7 1992 5.9 -0.4 8.4 4.4 8.2 7.8 -1.2 7.9 5.6 4 ( ) 5 ( ) -9.3 1993 5.3 3.4 6.4 4.9 8.6 10.6 1.2 9.2 6.4 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 7.6 1994 5.5 3.6 7.6 5.2 6.5 6.1 -2.0 6.2 5.6 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 4.0 1995 4.4 1.0 9.1 4.0 9.3 7.2 -2.5 8.4 5.7 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 6.9 1996 14.1 4.4 6.9 9.9 12.8 6.0 2.2 10.6 10.1 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 9.9 1997 12.5 6.6 6.7 10.0 12.5 10.5 11.8 11.9 10.8 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 7.2 1998 0.5 7.9 4.4 3.8 2.2 8.2 8.9 4.0 3.9 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 26.4 1999 7.6 6.5 6.4 7.0 8.5 5.1 0.8 7.6 7.2 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 9.5 2000 17.7 9.6 6.0 13.2 17.1 8.7 6.4 15.1 13.9 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 1.7 2001 13.1 14.5 9.7 13.1 11.2 9.5 25.9 10.9 12.2 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 9.0 2002 10.5 R-1.7 5.2 R6.0 9.2 R-1.1 -6.2 R7.2 6.5 4 ( ) 5 ( ) -8.5 2003 116.5 19.3 111.5 113.7 114.2 17.7 W 113.0 113.4 8.9 5.2 5 ( ) 

1 Through 2002, natural gas operations are included in the "Petroleum" line of business. Beginning in

2003, downstream natural gas operations are included in their own line of business.

2 "Downstream Natural Gas" is a line of business that begins with the procurement of natural gas,

processes and gathers natural gas, produces natural gas liquids, imports liquefied natural gas, marketsand trades natural gas and natural gas liquids, and delivers wholesale and retail volumes of natural gasand natural gas liquids.

3 Through 2002, includes electric power, nuclear, renewable fuels, and nonconventional energy

(including oil shale, tar sands, coal liquefaction and gasification, geothermal, and solar). Beginning in2003, includes coal, nuclear, renewable fuels, and nonconventional energy.

4 Included in "Petroleum." 5 Included in "Other Energy."

R=Revised. NA=Not available. W=Value withheld to avoid disNotes: • "Major U.S. Energy Companies" are the top publicly

gas producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financia• Data are for return on investment, measured as net income income" is operating income plus other income and extraordinarinterest charges, other deductions, and extraordinary deductions. plant, and equipment plus investments and advances to unconso

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1974-1976—Energy Information Administration 

System" database, October 1996. • 1977 forward—EIA, Performannual reports.
Figure 3.13 U.S. Energy Activities by Foreign-Affiliated Companies, 1978-2002

Petroleum Activities Petroleum Activities Share of U.S. Total ProDry Natural Gas Production Coal Production Expenditures for Explo

Development of Uraniu

90 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Crude oil and natural gas liquids.2 Natural gas liquids.3 Nominal dollars.

* 1999-2002 uranium values are withheld to avoid disclosu

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Source: Table 3.13.

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

2

46

Million Barrels per Day

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

5

10152025303540

Share of U.S. Total (Percent)

1980 1985 

0

20406080

100120

Percent

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0.00.6

1.2

1.82.4

Trillion Cubic Feet

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

100200300400

Million Short Tons

1980 1985 

0

1020304050

Million Dollars3

Refining

Capacity

Sales of

Motor Gasoline

Sales of

Motor Gasoline

Refining

Capacity

Production1

Production1

D
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 3.13 U.S. Energy Activities by Foreign-Affiliated Companies, 1978-2002

Year

Production

Refining Capacity

Sales 

Motor Ga

Crude Oil and

Natural Gas Liquids Dry Natural Gas Coal Uranium

Thousand

Barrels

per Day

Percent of

U.S. Total

Billion

Cubic Feet

Percent of

U.S. Total

Million

Short Tons

Percent of

U.S. Total

Thousand

Pounds 1

Percent of

U.S. Total 2

Thousand

Barrels

per Day

Percent of

U.S. Total

Thousand

Barrels

per Day

1978 1,076 10.5 783 3.9 24 3.1 NA NA 1,895 10.9 1,066 1979 1,145 11.3 786 4.0 29 3.8 NA NA 1,984 11.0 948 1980 1,280 12.6 776 4.0 31 3.8 NA NA 2,066 11.1 926 1981 1,438 14.1 1,080 5.6 106 12.9 NA NA 2,595 14.5 1,114 1982 1,421 13.9 1,055 5.9 138 16.6 NA NA 2,423 14.4 1,092 1983 1,325 12.9 924 5.8 128 16.5 NA NA 2,337 14.4 1,022 1984 1,365 12.9 1,075 6.2 153 17.3 NA NA 2,276 14.5 1,066 1985 1,455 13.7 1,093 6.7 147 16.8 NA NA 2,656 17.2 1,285 1986 1,523 14.8 1,276 8.0 146 16.5 NA NA 3,133 20.1 1,565 1987 1,614 16.1 1,318 8.0 181 19.8 NA NA 3,342 21.0 1,586 1988 1,659 16.9 1,392 8.1 195 20.6 NA NA 3,356 21.4 1,673 1989 1,553 16.8 1,452 8.4 207 21.2 NA NA 4,243 27.2 2,084 1990 1,481 16.5 1,457 8.2 254 24.7 NA NA 4,379 27.9 2,282 1991 1,469 16.0 1,360 7.7 238 24.0 NA NA 4,312 27.5 2,299 1992 1,392 15.5 1,368 7.7 259 26.0 NA NA 4,256 28.1 2,369 1993 1,299 14.7 1,451 8.0 254 27.0 NA NA 4,440 29.5 2,362 1994 1,261 14.6 1,439 7.7 295 28.6 NA NA 4,479 29.2 2,346 1995 1,103 12.8 1,191 6.4 316 30.7 NA NA 4,164 27.1 2,204 1996 1,105 12.8 1,265 6.7 332 31.2 NA NA 4,050 26.2 2,145 1997 1,028 11.9 1,332 7.0 327 30.0 NA NA 3,637 23.0 1,998 1998 1,149 13.7 1,881 10.1 199 17.8 NA NA 4,940 30.4 2,721 1999 1,118 13.8 1,805 9.6 300 27.2 43,745 481.2 4,877 29.5 2,737 2000 1,027 12.7 R2,112 R11.0 284 26.4 3,443 87.0 4,831 29.1 2,971 2001 R992 R12.3 R2,148 R10.9 302 26.8 R2,440 R92.5 4,806 28.6 R3,027 2002 1,071 13.3 2,277 12.0 291 26.6 2,280 97.3 4,742 28.3 3,090 

1 Production of uranium oxide (U3O8). See "Uranium Oxide" in Glossary. 2 Percent of U.S. total uranium concentrate production. See "Uranium Concentrate" in Glossary. 3 Nominal dollars. 4 Includes a small amount produced by a U.S. company, which left the industry by the close of 1999.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 million dollars. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure

of individual company data. 

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1978—U.S. Department of Energy, Secretary’s 

1983). • 1979-1992—Energy Information Administration (EIA), PEnergy, annual reports. • 1993-1996—EIA, Performance Prreports. • 1997 forward—EIA, Foreign Direct Investment in U.S
92 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Table 3.14 Companies Reporting to the Financial Reporting System, 1974-2003

Company 1974-1981 1982 1983-84 1985-86 1987 1988 1989-90 1991 1992-93 1994-96 1997 1998 1999 2

Amerada Hess Corporation ................................ X XXXXXXXXXXXXAmerican Petrofina, Inc. 1 ................................... X XXXXXXAnadarko Petroleum Corporation ....................... X XXXXXXApache Corporation ............................................ Ashland Inc. 2 ..................................................... X XXXXXXXXXXAtlantic Richfield Co. (ARCO) 3 .......................... X XXXXXXXXXXXXBP America, Inc. 4,5 ............................................ X XXXXXXXX BP Amoco Corporation 3,4,6 ................................ X XXXXXXXXXXXXBurlington Northern Inc. 7 ................................... X XXXXBurlington Resources Inc. 7 ................................ XXXXXXXXChesapeake Energy Corporation ....................... Chevron Texaco Corporation 8,9,10 ..................... X XXXXXXXXXXXXCitgo Petroleum Corporation .............................. XXCities Service 11 .................................................. X XConocoPhillips, Inc. 12,13,14 ................................. X XXDevon Energy Corporaton .................................. Dominion Resources .......................................... E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co. 12,13 ............... XXXXXXXXXXEl Paso Energy Corporation 15 ........................... XEnron Corporation .............................................. XXXXXEOG Resources ................................................. Equilon Enterprises, LLC 16 ................................ XXEquitable Resources, Inc. ................................... Exxon Mobil Corporation 17 ................................ X XXXXXXXXXXXXGetty Oil 18 .......................................................... X X XGulf Oil 9 ............................................................. X X XKerr-McGee Corporation 19 ................................ X XXXXXXXXXXXXLYONDELL-CITGO Refining, LP 20 .................... XXMarathon 21 ........................................................ X Mobil Corporation 17,22 ........................................ X XXXXXXXXXXXMotiva Enterprises, LLC 23 ................................. XXNerco, Inc. 24 ...................................................... XOccidental Petroleum Corporation 11 ................. X XXXXXXXXXXXXOryx Energy Company 19,25 ................................ XXXXXXPhillips Petroleum Company 14,26 ....................... X XXXXXXXXXXXXPremcor Refining Group 27 ................................. XXShell Oil Company .............................................. X XXXXXXXXXXXXSonat Inc. ........................................................... X XStandard Oil Co. (Ohio) (Sohio) 5 ....................... X X X XSunoco, Inc. 25,28 ................................................ X XXXXXXXXX XXSuperior Oil 22 ..................................................... X X XTenneco Inc. 29 ................................................... X XXXXXTesoro Petroleum Corporation ........................... XXTexaco Inc. 10,18 ................................................. X XXXXXXXXXXXXThe Coastal Corporation 15 ................................ X XXXXXXXXXXXXThe Williams Companies, Inc ............................. XXTosco Corporation 26 .......................................... XXTotal Holding, USA 1,30,31 ................................... XXXXXXTotal Petroleum (North America) Ltd. 32 ............. X X Ultramar Diamond Shamrock Corporation 33 ..... XXUnion Pacific Resources Group, Inc. 34,35 .......... X XXXXXXXXXXXXUnocal Corporation ............................................. X XXXXXXXXXXXXUSX Corporation ................................................ X XXXXXXXXXXXXValero Energy Corporation 33 ............................. XXXTO Energy, Inc. ................................................ 

Footnotes: See the following page.Note: "X" indicates that the company was included in the Financial Reporting System for the yearindicated.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeuSource: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-28, "Financial 
Footnotes for Table 3.14

1American Petrofina, Inc. changed its name to Fina, Inc., effective April 17,

1991.

2Ashland was dropped from the FRS system for 1998 after spinning off

downstream and coal operations and disposing of upstream operations.

3BP Amoco acquired Atlantic Richfield Company (ARCO) in April of 2000.

The reporting was consolidated under BP Amoco for 2000. Data for ARCOis not included in the database for the period from January 1, 2000 to April14, 2000.

4Amoco merged with British Petroleum plc and became BP Amoco plc on

December 31, 1998. BP America was renamed BP Amoco, Inc. The companies reported separately for 1998 and 1999.

5In 1987, British Petroleum acquired all shares in Standard Oil Company

(Ohio) that it did not already control and renamed its U.S. affiliate, BP America, Inc.

6Formerly Standard Oil Company (Indiana).7Burlington Resources was added to the FRS system and Burlington Northern was dropped for 1988. Data for Burlington Resources covers the full

year 1988 even though that company was not created until May of that year.

8Formerly Standard Oil Company of California.9Chevron acquired Gulf Oil in 1984, but separate data for Gulf continued to

be available for the full 1984 year.

10In October 2000, Chevron and Texaco agreed to merge. Both companies

reported separately for 2000.

11Occidental acquired Cities Service in 1982. Separate financial reports

were available for 1982, so each company continued to be treated separately until 1983.

12DuPont acquired Conoco in 1981. Separate data for Conoco were available for 1981; DuPont was included in the FRS system in 1982.13Dupont was dropped from the FRS system when Conoco was spun-off in

1998. Conoco began reporting separately again in 1998.

14In November 2001, Phillips and Conoco agreed to merge forming ConocoPhillips in 2002. Both companies reported separately in 2001. The companies reported separately in 2002 until the time of the merger. 15In January 2001, Coastal merged with a wholly owned subsidiary of El

Paso Energy Corporation. The name was changed to El Paso CGPCompany. Data were reported separately in 2000 under the name TheCoastal Company.

16Equilon is a joint venture combining Shell's and Texaco's western and

midwestern U.S. refining and marketing businesses and nationwide tradingtransportation and lubricants businesses. Net income is duplicated in theFRS system since Shell and Texaco account for this investment using theequity method.

17In December 1998, Exxon and Mobil agre

reported separately for 1998.

18Texaco acquired Getty in 1984; however, G

FRS company for that year.

19In 1998, Kerr-McGee and Oryx merged. T

was consolidated under Kerr-McGee for 1998

20LYONDELL-CITGO is a limited partnership 

Company and Citgo. There will be some duCitgo accounts for its investment using the eq

21U.S. Steel (now USX) acquired Marathon in 22Mobil acquired Superior in 1984, but both c

rately for that year.

23Motiva is a joint venture approximately equ

and Saudi Refining, Inc. The joint venture comeast coast refining and marketing businessesincome related to Shell and Texaco's interunder the equity method.

24RTZ America acquired the common stock o

1994. In September 1993, Nerco, Inc. sol

subsidiary. Nerco's 1993 submission includGas, Inc., through September 28, 1993.

25Sun Company spun off Sun Exploration and 

renamed Oryx Energy Company) during included in the FRS system for 1988; therefoexists for that year.

26In September 2001, Phillips acquired Tos

separately in 2001.

27In May 2000, Clark Refining & Marketing c

Refining Group.

28Sun company withdrew from oil and gas 

1996. Sun's 1996 submission includes oil antion activities through September 30, 1996. Rincluded for the entire 1996 calendar year. Iits name to Sunoco, Inc.

29Tenneco sold its worldwide oil and gas asse

ing assets in 1988. Other FRS companies percent of Tenneco's assets.

30Prior submissions were reported at the FINA

parent of Fina Oil and Chemical Company, wchemicals. Due to a series of mergers and athe submission is reported at the American level, which is the holding company of ATOFI

31In 2002, the name was changed to Total F

Holdings, USA in 2003

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 
32Effective June 1, 1991, Total's exploration, production, and marketing

operations in Canada were spun off to Total Oil & Gas, a new public entity.

33In December 2001, Valero and Ultramar Diamond Shamrock agreed to

merge. Both companies reported separately in 2001.

34Effective October 15, 1996, Union Pacific Corporation distributed its ownership in the Union Pacific Resources Group, Inc. to its shareholders. Prior to

1996, the FRS system included Union Pacific Corporation. The FRS system includes only Union Pacific Resources Group, Inc. for 1996.

35Union Pacific merged with Anadarko on July 14, 2000. Anadarko's 2000

submission includes data for Union Pacific after July 14, 2000. Data forUnion Pacific was not submitted for the period from January 1, 2000 to July14, 2000.

94 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004
Energy Resources

4

Semisubmersible drilling rig in the Gulf of Mexico. Source: U.S. Department of Energy.
Figure 4.1 Technically Recoverable Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Resou

100%

Natural Gas

Liquids

23.6 billion barrels

Natural Gas

1,430.6 trillion

cubic feet

Crude Oil

174.8 billion

barrels

96 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

U.S. Onshore and State OffshoreFederal Offshore

Federal Lands1Non-Federal Lands

60%

39

65%

35%

52% 48%

60% 40% 53% 47%

30%

70%

34% 

9%

48%

Undiscovered ConventioDiscovered ConventionaUndiscovered Unconven

1 Lands owned or under the jurisdiction of the Federal government. Source: Table 4.1.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 4.1 Technically Recoverable Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Resource Es

Region

Crude Oil

(billion barrels)

Natural Gas (Dry)

(trillion cubic feet)

Federal 

Lands 1

Non-Federal

Lands Total

Federal 

Lands 1

Non-Federal

Lands Total

Fe

L

Undiscovered Conventionally Reservoired Fields 2 ............................. 82.54 22.51 105.05 420.14 261.78 681.92 

 Alaska Onshore and State Offshore 3 ...................................................... 3.75 4.68 8.43 33.97 95.37 129.34  Alaska Federal Offshore 4 ........................................................................ 24.90 — 24.90 122.60 — 122.60  48 States Onshore and State Offshore 3 .................................................. 3.79 17.83 21.62 23.97 166.41 190.38  48 States Federal Offshore 4 .................................................................... 50.10 — 50.10 239.60 — 239.60 

Discovered Conventionally Reservoired Fields 2(Ultimate Recovery Appreciation) 5 ........................................................ 22.03 45.67 67.70 186.70 203.30 390.00 

 U.S. Onshore and State Offshore 3 .......................................................... 14.33 45.67 60.00 118.70 203.30 322.00  U.S. Federal Offshore 4 ............................................................................ 7.70 — 7.70 68.00 — 68.00 

Undiscovered Unconventionally Reservoired Fields 6(Continuous-Type Deposits (all onshore)) ............................................. 0.32 1.75 2.07 143.16 215.55 358.71 U.S. Total ................................................................................................... 104.89 69.93 174.82 750.00 680.63 1,430.63 

 U.S. Onshore and State Offshore 3 .......................................................... 22.19 69.93 92.12 319.80 680.63 1,000.43  Federal Offshore 4 .................................................................................... 82.70 — 82.70 430.20 — 430.20 

1 Lands owned or under the jurisdiction of the Federal government, excluding Indian and Native lands

even when Federally managed in trust.

2 Conventionally reservoired deposits are discrete subsurface accumulations of crude oil or natural gas

usually defined, controlled, or limited by hydrocarbon/water contacts.

3 Onshore (Federal and State) plus State offshore waters (near-shore, shallow-water areas under State

jurisdiction). 4 Federal offshore jurisdictions (Outer Continental Shelf and deeper water areas seaward of Stateoffshore).

5 Proved reserves (see Table 4.2) are not included in these estimates. Ultimate recovery appreciation

(reserve growth) is the volume by which the estimate of total recovery from a known crude oil or natural gasreservoir or aggregation of such reservoirs is expected to increase during the time between discovery andpermanent abandonment. The estimates of ultimate recovery appreciation for onshore and State offshorelands were imputed by assuming that the total estimates reported by the U.S. Geological Survey could beapportioned according to the ratio of 1996 production from onshore Federal lands to total U.S. production.

6 Unconventionally reservoired deposits (continuous-type accumulations) are geographically extensive

subsurface accumulations of crude oil or natural gas that generally lack well-defined hydrocarbon/watercontacts. Examples include coalbed methane, "tight gas," and auto-sourced oil- and gas-shale reservoirs.

— = Not applicable. 

Notes: • "Technically recoverable" resources are those tha

without reference to the economic viability thereof. • Resourcgenerated by the U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. GeoManagement Service (MMS). They were not necessarily generacomparison, the Potential Gas Committee, an industry-sponsoanother geologically-based estimate of the Nation’s natural gpublished in "Potential Supply of Natural Gas in the United Stcubic feet. This volume includes undiscovered conventionalrecovery appreciation, coalbed methane, and tight gas where and marketable at reasonable costs. • A value of zero indicateno estimate of this resource has been made for this area. • Alaska and Hawaii.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleu

information.

Source: Energy Information Administration, U.S. Crude O

Reserves 2003 Annual Report (November 2004), Table G1, whestimates generated by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Management Service.
Figure 4.2 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Field Counts, Cumulative Production, Proved Reserve

Ultimate Recovery

Cumulative Number of Fields, 1977-1998 Cumulative Production and Proved Reserves, Crude Oil, 1977-2003 Natural Gas, 1977-200398 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1997 and 1998 due to the absence of

updates for a subset of the data used in the past.

Notes: • Data are at end of year. • Crude oil includes le

wet, after lease separation.

Source: Table 4.2.

Crude Oil and/or

Natural Gas1

1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998

0

1020304050

Thousands

Crude Oil1

Natural Gas1 Natural Gas

Cumulative Production 

C

Crude Oil

Proved Reserves

1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 

50

100150200

Index: 1977=100

1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 19

0

200400600800

1,0001,2001,400

Trillion Cubic Feet (Cumulative)

1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001

0

50

100150200250

Billion Barrels (Cumulative) Cumulative Production Cumulative 

Proved Reserves

Proved Reserves

Proved

Ultimate Recovery
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 4.2 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Field Counts, Cumulative Production, Proved Reserves, 

 and Proved Ultimate Recovery, 1977-2003

Year

Cumulative

Number of Fields

with Crude Oil

and/or

Natural Gas 

Cumulative

Number of

Fields with

Crude Oil

Crude Oil and Lease Condensate

(billion barrels)

Cumulative

Number of

Fields with

Natural Gas 

(tr

Cumulative

Production

Proved

Reserves

Proved

Ultimate

Recovery

Cumulative

Production

1977 31,360 27,835 121.4 33.6 155.0 23,883 558.3 1978 32,430 28,683 124.6 33.1 157.6 24,786 578.4 1979 33,644 29,671 127.7 31.2 158.9 25,823 599.1 1980 34,999 30,766 130.8 31.3 162.2 26,919 619.4 1981 36,621 32,111 133.9 31.0 165.0 28,213 639.4 1982 38,123 33,375 137.1 29.5 166.6 29,375 658.1 1983 39,489 34,495 140.3 29.3 169.6 30,419 675.1 1984 41,038 35,784 143.5 30.0 173.5 31,595 693.5 1985 42,317 36,849 146.8 29.9 176.7 32,595 710.9 1986 43,076 37,464 150.0 28.3 178.3 33,151 727.8 1987 43,742 37,982 153.0 28.7 181.7 33,657 745.4 1988 44,414 38,506 156.0 28.2 184.2 34,196 763.4 1989 44,883 38,858 158.8 27.9 186.7 34,579 781.7 1990 45,385 39,244 161.5 27.6 189.0 34,975 800.4 1991 45,776 39,558 164.2 25.9 190.1 35,254 819.1 1992 46,149 39,843 166.8 25.0 191.8 35,539 838.0 1993 46,513 40,124 169.3 24.1 193.4 35,798 857.2 1994 46,922 40,417 171.7 23.6 195.3 36,142 877.1 1995 47,296 40,694 174.1 23.5 197.7 36,433 896.9 1996 47,557 40,875 176.5 23.3 199.8 36,612 917.0 1997 47,854 40,977 178.9 23.9 202.8 36,830 937.1 1998 247,664 235,143 181.2 22.4 203.5 232,458 957.0 1999 NA NA 183.3 23.2 206.5 NA 976.8 2000 NA NA 185.4 23.5 208.9 NA 997.0 2001 NA NA 187.5 23.9 211.4 NA 1,016.7 2002 NA NA 189.6 24.0 213.6 NA 1,036.9 2003 NA NA 193.1 23.1 216.2 NA 1,056.0 

1 Wet, after separation of lease condensate. 2 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1997 and 1998 due to the absence of updates for a

subset of the data used in the past. 

NA=Not available. Notes: • Data are at end of year. • See "Proved Reserves, Crude Oil," "Proved Reserves, Lease

Condensate," "Proved Reserves, Natural Gas," and "Proved Reserves, Natural Gas Liquids" in Glossary.

Web Pages: See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html and

http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/natural_gas/info_glance/natural_gas.html for related information.

Sources: Cumulative Number of Fields: Energy Informati

Code Master List, annual reports, and EIA, Office of Oil and Cumulative Production: Calculated from EIA, Petroleum SuppAnnual, annual reports. Proved Reserves: • 1977-2002—EIAGas Liquids Reserves, annual reports. • 2003—EIA, U.S. CrudReserves 2003 Annual Report (November 2004), Tables 6, 9Calculated as the sum of cumulative production and proved rese
Figure 4.3 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Proved Reserves

Total, 1949-2003 By Type, 2003By Type, 1949-2003100 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 COE=crude oil equivalent.

Notes: • Data are at end of year. • API=American Petroleum Institute. AGA=American Gas

Association. EIA=Energy Information Administration. • Because vertical scales differ, graphsshould not be compared.

Source: Table 4.3.

EIA Data

API and AGA Data: 1949-1979

EIA Data: 1977-2003

Crude Oil

Natural Gas

Natural Gas Liquids

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

255075

100

Billion Barrels COE1

34

22

Natural Gas Crude Oil 

0

10203040

Billion Barrels COE1

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

204060

Billion Barrels COE1
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 4.3 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Proved Reserves, Selected Years, 194

Year

Crude Oil Natural Gas (Dry) Natural Gas Liquids 

Billion Barrels Trillion Cubic Feet 1 Billion Barrels COE 2 Billion Barrels Billion Barrels COE 2 

American Petroleum Institute and American Gas Association Data

1949 24.6 179.4 32.0 3.7 3.1 1950 25.3 184.6 32.9 4.3 3.5 1955 30.0 222.5 39.7 5.4 4.4 1960 31.6 262.3 46.8 6.8 5.4 1965 31.4 286.5 51.0 8.0 6.3 1970 39.0 290.7 51.7 7.7 5.9 1971 38.1 278.8 49.6 7.3 5.5 1972 36.3 266.1 47.1 6.8 5.1 1973 35.3 250.0 44.0 6.5 4.8 1974 34.2 237.1 41.9 6.4 4.7 1975 32.7 228.2 40.2 6.3 4.6 1976 30.9 216.0 38.0 6.4 4.7 1977 29.5 208.9 36.8 6.0 4.4 1978 27.8 200.3 35.2 5.9 4.3 1979 27.1 194.9 34.3 5.7 4.1 

Energy Information Administration Data

1977 31.8 207.4 36.5 NA NA 1978 31.4 208.0 36.5 6.8 4.9 1979 29.8 201.0 35.4 6.6 4.8 1980 29.8 199.0 35.2 6.7 4.9 1981 29.4 201.7 35.7 7.1 5.2 1982 27.9 201.5 35.7 7.2 5.2 1983 27.7 200.2 35.6 7.9 5.7 1984 28.4 197.5 35.1 7.6 5.5 1985 28.4 193.4 34.4 7.9 5.6 1986 26.9 191.6 34.0 8.2 5.7 1987 27.3 187.2 33.3 8.1 5.8 1988 26.8 168.0 29.8 8.2 5.8 1989 26.5 167.1 29.7 7.8 5.5 1990 26.3 169.3 30.1 7.6 5.4 1991 24.7 167.1 29.7 7.5 5.3 1992 23.7 165.0 29.3 7.5 5.2 1993 23.0 162.4 28.8 7.2 5.1 1994 22.5 163.8 29.0 7.2 5.1 1995 22.4 165.1 29.2 7.4 5.3 1996 22.0 166.5 29.5 7.8 5.5 1997 22.5 167.2 29.6 8.0 5.6 1998 21.0 164.0 29.2 7.5 5.3 1999 21.8 167.4 29.6 7.9 5.5 2000 22.0 177.4 31.4 8.3 5.8 2001 22.4 183.5 32.5 8.0 5.6 2002 22.7 186.9 33.1 8.0 5.6 2003 21.9 189.0 33.6 7.5 5.2 

1 The American Gas Association estimates of natural gas proved reserves include volumes of natural

gas held in underground storage. In 1979, this volume amounted to 4.9 trillion cubic feet. EnergyInformation Administration (EIA) data do not include natural gas in underground storage. 2 Crude oil equivalent. Natural gas and natural gas liquids are converted to Btu on the basis of annualaverage conversion factors. See Appendix A.

NA=Not available. Notes: • Data are at end of year. • See "Proved Reserves, Crude Oil," "Proved Reserves, Natural

Gas," and "Proved Reserves, Natural Gas Liquids" in Glossary.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http:/

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/pe

Sources: American Petroleum Institute and American Ga

Institute, American Gas Association, and Canadian Petroleum ACrude Oil, Natural Gas Liquids and Natural Gas in the United 1979, Volume 34 (June 1980). Energy Information AdministraOil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Reserves, annual repNatural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Reserves 2003 Annual Re
Figure 4.4 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Rotary Rigs in Operation

By Site, 1949-2004 By Site, 2004By Type, 1949-2004 By Type, 2004102 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004Source: Table 4.4.

1,095

Onshore 

0

250500750

1,0001,250

Number of Rigs

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

1

2

345

Thousands of Rigs

Peak: 3,970 rigs in 1981

Total

Offshore Onshore

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

1

2

345

Thousands of Rigs Total

Crude Oil

1,025

Natural Ga

0

250500750

1,0001,250

Number of Rigs

Natural Gas
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 4.4 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Rotary Rigs in Operation, Selected Years, 1949-2004

Year

By Site By Type

Onshore Offshore Crude Oil Natural Gas 

1949 NA NA NA NA 1950 NA NA NA NA 1955 NA NA NA NA 1960 NA NA NA NA 1965 NA NA NA NA 1970 NA NA NA NA 1971 NA NA NA NA 1972 NA NA NA NA 1973 1,110 84 NA NA 1974 1,378 94 NA NA 1975 1,554 106 NA NA 1976 1,529 129 NA NA 1977 1,834 167 NA NA 1978 2,074 185 NA NA 1979 1,970 207 NA NA 1980 2,678 231 NA NA 1981 3,714 256 NA NA 1982 2,862 243 NA NA 1983 2,033 199 NA NA 1984 2,215 213 NA NA 1985 1,774 206 NA NA 1986 865 99 NA NA 1987 841 95 NA NA 1988 813 123 554 354 1989 764 105 453 401 1990 902 108 532 464 1991 779 81 482 351 1992 669 52 373 331 1993 672 82 373 364 1994 673 102 335 427 1995 622 101 323 385 1996 671 108 306 464 1997 821 122 376 564 1998 703 123 264 560 1999 519 106 128 496 2000 778 140 197 720 2001 1,003 153 217 939 2002 717 113 137 691 2003 924 108 157 872 2004 1,095 97 165 1,025 

1 Sum of rigs drilling for crude oil, rigs drilling for natural gas, and other rigs (not shown) drilling for

miscellaneous purposes such as service wells, injection wells, and stratigraphic tests.

NA=Not available. Notes: • Data are not for the exact calendar year but are an average for the 52 or 53 consecutive whole

weeks that most nearly coincide with the calendar year. • Geo

District of Columbia. • Totals may not equal sum of components 

Web Page: For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://wwwSource: Baker Hughes, Inc., Houston, Texas, Rotary Rigs Ru
Figure 4.5 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells

Total Wells Drilled, 1949-2004 Total Wells Drilled by Type, 1949-2004 Successful Wells, 19Wells Drilled, 2004 Footage Drilled, 2004 Average Depth, 2004104 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004Sources: Tables 4.5–4.7.

Total

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

255075

100

Thousand Wells

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

1020304050

Thousand Wells

1950 1960 

0

255075

100

Percent

Total

Development

Exploratory

Developme

Explorato

Natural 

Gas Wells

Crude

 Oil Wells

Dry Holes

36

143

22

34

136

13

3 7 9

Crude Oil Natural Gas Dry Holes

0

20406080

100120140160

Million Feet

ExploratoryDevelopmentTotal

5.2

5.1 

9.2

Crude Oil 

0

2

468

10

Thousand Feet

6.9

23.6

4.4

6.6

22.7

2.9

0.3 0.9 1.5

Crude Oil Natural Gas Dry Holes

05

10152025

Thousand Wells

ExploratoryDevelopmentTotal
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 4.5 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory and Development Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2

Year

Wells Drilled Successful

Wells

(percent)

Footage Drilled 1

(thousand feet)

Crude Oil 2 Natural Gas 3 Dry Holes 4 Total Crude Oil 2 Natural Gas 3 Dry Holes 4 Total Crude Oil 2 Natu

1949 21,352 3,363 12,597 37,312 66.2 79,428 12,437 43,754 135,619 3,720 1950 23,812 3,439 14,799 42,050 64.8 92,695 13,685 50,977 157,358 3,893 1955 30,432 4,266 20,452 55,150 62.9 121,148 19,930 85,103 226,182 3,981 1960 22,258 5,149 18,212 45,619 60.1 86,568 28,246 77,361 192,176 3,889 1965 18,065 4,482 16,226 38,773 58.2 73,322 24,931 76,629 174,882 4,059 1970 12,968 4,011 11,031 28,010 60.6 56,859 23,623 58,074 138,556 4,385 1971 11,853 3,971 10,309 26,133 60.6 49,109 23,460 54,685 127,253 4,126 1972 11,378 5,440 10,891 27,709 60.7 49,269 30,006 58,556 137,831 4,330 1973 10,167 6,933 10,320 27,420 62.4 44,416 38,045 55,761 138,223 4,369 1974 13,647 7,138 12,116 32,901 63.2 52,025 38,449 62,899 153,374 3,812 1975 16,948 8,127 13,646 38,721 64.8 66,819 44,454 69,220 180,494 3,943 1976 17,688 9,409 13,758 40,855 66.3 68,892 49,113 68,977 186,982 3,895 1977 18,745 12,122 14,985 45,852 67.3 75,451 63,686 76,728 215,866 4,025 1978 19,181 14,413 16,551 50,145 67.0 77,041 75,841 85,788 238,669 4,017 1979 20,851 15,254 16,099 52,204 69.2 82,688 80,468 81,642 244,798 3,966 1980 32,639 17,333 20,638 70,610 70.8 124,350 91,484 98,820 314,654 3,810 1981 43,598 20,166 27,789 91,553 69.6 171,241 107,758 134,113 413,112 3,928 1982 39,199 18,979 26,219 84,397 68.9 148,881 106,627 122,787 378,295 3,798 1983 37,120 14,564 24,153 75,837 68.2 136,078 77,530 104,378 317,986 3,666 1984 42,605 17,127 25,681 85,413 69.9 161,770 90,578 119,044 371,392 3,797 1985 35,118 14,168 21,056 70,342 70.1 137,366 75,862 99,816 313,045 3,912 1986 19,097 8,516 12,678 40,291 68.5 76,622 44,727 60,507 181,856 4,012 1987 16,164 8,055 11,112 35,331 68.5 66,317 42,479 53,382 162,178 4,103 1988 13,636 8,555 10,041 32,232 68.8 58,660 45,320 52,375 156,354 4,302 1989 10,204 9,539 8,188 27,931 70.7 43,287 49,169 41,983 134,439 4,242 1990 12,198 11,044 8,313 31,555 73.7 54,480 55,869 43,352 153,701 4,466 1991 11,770 9,526 7,596 28,892 73.7 54,283 49,737 39,001 143,021 4,612 1992 8,757 8,209 6,118 23,084 73.5 44,183 45,728 31,213 121,124 5,045 1993 8,407 10,017 6,328 24,752 74.4 42,895 59,720 32,503 135,118 5,102 1994 6,721 9,538 5,307 21,566 75.4 36,090 59,412 29,306 124,809 5,370 1995 7,627 8,354 5,075 21,056 75.9 38,024 51,415 28,393 117,832 4,985 1996 8,314 9,302 5,282 22,898 76.9 R40,810 R57,872 R30,363 129,045 R4,909 R1997 10,436 11,327 5,702 27,465 79.2 R51,898 R70,202 R34,561 156,661 R4,973 R1998 7,064 R11,144 4,840 R23,048 R79.0 R37,562 R74,129 R31,763 143,454 R5,317 R1999 4,176 10,877 R3,412 R18,465 R81.5 R19,830 R58,064 R21,516 99,410 R4,749 R2000E 7,358 16,455 4,025 27,838 85.5 R34,844 R82,551 R23,997 141,392 R4,736 R2001E 8,060 22,083 4,084 34,227 88.1 R41,861 R118,518 R27,238 R187,616 R5,194 R2002E 6,058 R16,155 R3,581 R25,794 R86.1 R27,513 R90,469 R20,327 138,310 R4,542 R2003E R7,284 R19,722 R3,687 R30,693 R88.0 R36,743 R118,216 R22,114 R177,074 R5,044 R2004E 6,904 23,647 4,374 34,925 87.5 36,240 142,947 22,334 201,521 5,249 

1 See "Footage Drilled" in Glossary. 2 See "Crude Oil Well" in Glossary. 3 See "Natural Gas Well" in Glossary. 4 See "Dry Hole" in Glossary.

R=Revised. E=Estimate. Notes: • Data are for all wells; see Table 4.6 for exploratory wells and Table 4.7 for development wells. 

See "Development Well" and "Exploratory Well" in Glossary. • Service wells, stratigraphic tests, and coretests are excluded. • For 1949-1959, data represent wells completed in a given year. For 1960-1969, dataare for well completion reports received by the American Petroleum Institute during the reporting year. For1970 forward, the data represent wells completed in a given year. The as-received well completion data forrecent years are incomplete due to delays in the reporting of wells drilled. The Energy InformationAdministration (EIA) therefore statistically imputes the missing data to provide estimates of total well

completions and footage where necessary. See "Completio

Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to inot equal average of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http:/

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/pe

Sources: • 1949-1965—Gulf Publishing Company, 

• 1966-1969—American Petroleum Institute (API), Quarterly States, annual summaries and monthly reports. • 1970-1994submitted to the API. • 1995 forward—EIA computations Information Handling Services Energy Group, Inc. For current Section 5.
Figure 4.6 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory Wells, 1949-2004

Exploratory Wells Drilled by Well Type Exploratory Footage Drilled by Well TypeExploratory Wells Average Depth, All Wells Exploratory Wells Average Depth by Well Ty106 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Note: These figures depict exploratory wells only; see Figure 4.5 for all wells and Figure 4.7

for development wells only.

Source: Table 4.6.

Dry Holes

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

05

1015

Thousand Wells

1950 1960 1970 198

0

20406080

Million Feet

Crude Oil Wells

Natural Gas Wells Crude Oil Wells Natural Gas Wells

Dry Holes

Crude Oil

Wells

Natural Gas 

Dry Holes

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

2

468

10

Thousand Feet Per Well

1950 1960 1970 198

0

2

468

10

Thousand Feet per Well
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 4.6 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratory Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2004

Year

Wells Drilled Successful

Wells

(percent)

Footage Drilled 1

(thousand feet)

Crude Oil 2 Natural Gas 3 Dry Holes 4 Total Crude Oil 2 Natural Gas 3 Dry Holes 4 Total Crude Oil 2 Natu

1949 1,406 424 7,228 9,058 20.2 5,950 2,409 26,439 34,798 4,232 1950 1,583 431 8,292 10,306 19.5 6,862 2,356 30,957 40,175 4,335 1955 2,236 874 11,832 14,942 20.8 10,774 5,212 53,220 69,206 4,819 1960 1,321 868 9,515 11,704 18.7 6,829 5,466 43,535 55,831 5,170 1965 946 515 8,005 9,466 15.4 5,366 3,757 40,081 49,204 5,672 1970 757 477 6,162 7,396 16.7 4,729 3,678 35,123 43,530 6,247 1971 659 470 5,952 7,081 15.9 3,786 3,610 34,499 41,895 5,745 1972 685 656 6,134 7,475 17.9 4,028 4,847 36,081 44,956 5,880 1973 642 1,067 5,952 7,661 22.3 4,008 7,038 34,571 45,618 6,243 1974 859 1,190 6,833 8,882 23.1 5,029 7,683 38,603 51,315 5,855 1975 982 1,248 7,129 9,359 23.8 5,806 8,422 40,448 54,677 5,913 1976 1,086 1,346 6,772 9,204 26.4 6,527 9,121 37,969 53,617 6,010 1977 1,164 1,548 7,283 9,995 27.1 6,870 10,255 40,823 57,949 5,902 1978 1,171 1,771 7,965 10,907 27.0 7,105 11,798 46,295 65,197 6,067 1979 1,321 1,907 7,437 10,665 30.3 7,941 12,643 42,512 63,096 6,011 1980 1,764 2,081 9,039 12,884 29.8 10,086 13,763 49,971 73,820 5,718 1981 2,636 2,514 12,349 17,499 29.4 15,437 16,983 68,877 101,297 5,856 1982 2,431 2,125 11,247 15,803 28.8 13,349 14,694 60,217 88,260 5,491 1983 2,023 1,593 10,148 13,764 26.3 10,384 10,193 48,590 69,166 5,133 1984 2,198 1,521 11,278 14,997 24.8 12,236 9,889 58,373 80,498 5,567 1985 1,679 1,190 8,924 11,793 24.3 9,847 8,117 47,421 65,386 5,865 1986 1,084 793 5,549 7,426 25.3 6,573 5,372 30,137 42,082 6,063 1987 925 754 5,049 6,728 25.0 5,639 5,055 26,698 37,392 6,096 1988 855 743 4,693 6,291 25.4 5,294 5,000 27,047 37,340 6,192 1989 607 705 3,924 5,236 25.1 3,670 4,678 21,908 30,256 6,046 1990 654 689 3,715 5,058 26.6 4,375 4,716 21,433 30,525 6,690 1991 592 534 3,314 4,440 25.4 3,799 3,654 18,792 26,244 6,417 1992 493 423 2,513 3,429 26.7 3,190 2,712 13,761 19,663 6,470 1993 502 548 2,469 3,519 29.8 3,179 3,226 14,169 20,574 6,332 1994 570 726 2,405 3,701 35.0 3,595 4,601 14,204 22,401 6,308 1995 542 570 2,198 3,310 33.6 3,505 3,604 13,117 20,225 6,466 1996 483 570 2,136 3,189 33.0 R3,496 R3,810 R13,354 R20,660 R7,238 R1997 428 536 2,110 3,074 31.4 R3,477 R4,021 R14,233 R21,731 R8,123 R1998 291 504 1,647 2,442 32.6 R2,576 R3,974 R12,101 R18,651 R8,851 R1999 R157 539 1,195 R1,891 R36.8 R1,125 R3,471 R8,025 R12,621 R7,165 R2000E 264 R602 1,288 R2,154 R40.2 R2,012 R4,658 R9,324 R15,994 R7,622 R2001E 322 988 R1,669 R2,979 R44.0 R2,638 R7,532 R12,170 R22,339 R8,191 R2002E R231 668 R1,253 R2,152 R41.8 R1,599 R4,993 R8,472 R15,065 R6,923 R2003E R313 R784 R1,283 R2,380 R46.1 R2,348 R6,224 R8,631 R17,203 R7,502 R2004E 287 911 1,494 2,692 44.5 2,627 7,038 8,847 18,512 9,155 

1 See "Footage Drilled" in Glossary. 2 See "Crude Oil Well" in Glossary. 3 See "Natural Gas Well" in Glossary. 4 See "Dry Hole" in Glossary.

R=Revised. E=Estimate. Notes: • Data are for exploratory wells only; see Table 4.5 for all wells and Table 4.7 for development

wells only. See "Development Well" and "Exploratory Well" in Glossary. • For 1949-1959, data representwells completed in a given year. For 1960-1969, data are for well completion reports received by theAmerican Petroleum Institute (API) during the reporting year. For 1970 forward, the data represent wellscompleted in a given year. The as-received well completion data for recent years are incomplete due todelays in the reporting of wells drilled. The Energy Information Administration (EIA) therefore statisticallyimputes the missing data to provide estimates of total well completions and footage where necessary. See

"Completion (Crude Oil/Natural Gas Production)" in Glossary. • 

due to independent rounding. Average depth may not equal arounding.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http:/

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/pe

Sources: • 1949-1960—American Association of Petroleum G

in the United States, 1940 through 1960 (1962), pp. 4-19. Association of Petroleum Geologists, "North American DevelopmReview of Drilling Statistics for the United States, an• 1970-1994—EIA computations based on well reports submcomputations based on well reports submitted to the Information current data see the EIA, Monthly Energy Review, Section 5.
Figure 4.7 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Development Wells, 1949-2004

Development Wells Drilled by Well Type Development Footage Drilled by Well TypeDevelopment Wells Average Depth, All Wells Development Wells Average Depth by Well T108 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004Note: These figures depict developed wells only; see Figure 4.5 for all wells and Figure 4.6

for exploratory wells only.

Source: Table 4.7.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

1020304050

Thousand Wells

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

4590

135180

Million Feet Crude Oil Wells

Dry Holes

Natural Gas Wells

Crude Oil Wells

Dry Holes

Natural Gas Wells

Dry Holes

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

2

468

Thousand Feet per Well

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

2

468

Thousand Feet per Well Natural Gas WellsCrude Oil W
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 4.7 Crude Oil and Natural Gas Development Wells, Selected Years, 1949-2004

Year

Wells Drilled Successful

Wells

(percent)

Footage Drilled 1

(thousand feet)

Crude Oil 2 Natural Gas 3 Dry Holes 4 Total Crude Oil 2 Natural Gas 3 Dry Holes 4 Total Crude Oil 2 Natu

1949 19,946 2,939 5,369 28,254 81.0 73,478 10,028 17,315 100,821 3,684 1950 22,229 3,008 6,507 31,744 79.5 85,833 11,329 20,020 117,183 3,861 1955 28,196 3,392 8,620 40,208 78.6 110,374 14,718 31,883 156,976 3,915 41960 20,937 4,281 8,697 33,915 74.4 79,739 22,780 33,826 136,345 3,809 1965 17,119 3,967 8,221 29,307 71.9 67,956 21,174 36,548 125,678 3,970 1970 12,211 3,534 4,869 20,614 76.4 52,130 19,945 22,951 95,026 4,269 1971 11,194 3,501 4,357 19,052 77.1 45,323 19,850 20,186 85,358 4,049 1972 10,693 4,784 4,757 20,234 76.5 45,241 25,159 22,475 92,875 4,231 1973 9,525 5,866 4,368 19,759 77.9 40,408 31,007 21,190 92,605 4,242 1974 12,788 5,948 5,283 24,019 78.0 46,996 30,766 24,296 102,059 3,675 1975 15,966 6,879 6,517 29,362 77.8 61,013 36,032 28,772 125,817 3,821 1976 16,602 8,063 6,986 31,651 77.9 62,365 39,992 31,008 133,365 3,756 41977 17,581 10,574 7,702 35,857 78.5 68,581 53,431 35,905 157,917 3,901 1978 18,010 12,642 8,586 39,238 78.1 69,936 64,043 39,493 173,472 3,883 1979 19,530 13,347 8,662 41,539 79.1 74,747 67,825 39,130 181,702 3,827 1980 30,875 15,252 11,599 57,726 79.9 114,264 77,721 48,849 240,834 3,701 1981 40,962 17,652 15,440 74,054 79.2 155,804 90,775 65,236 311,815 3,804 1982 36,768 16,854 14,972 68,594 78.2 135,532 91,933 62,570 290,035 3,686 1983 35,097 12,971 14,005 62,073 77.4 125,694 67,337 55,788 248,820 3,581 1984 40,407 15,606 14,403 70,416 79.5 149,534 80,689 60,671 290,894 3,701 1985 33,439 12,978 12,132 58,549 79.3 127,519 67,745 52,395 247,659 3,813 1986 18,013 7,723 7,129 32,865 78.3 70,049 39,355 30,370 139,774 3,889 1987 15,239 7,301 6,063 28,603 78.8 60,678 37,424 26,684 124,786 3,982 1988 12,781 7,812 5,348 25,941 79.4 53,366 40,320 25,328 119,014 4,175 1989 9,597 8,834 4,264 22,695 81.2 39,617 44,491 20,075 104,183 4,128 1990 11,544 10,355 4,598 26,497 82.6 50,105 51,153 21,919 123,176 4,340 41991 11,178 8,992 4,282 24,452 82.5 50,484 46,083 20,209 116,777 4,516 1992 8,264 7,786 3,605 19,655 81.7 40,993 43,016 17,452 101,461 4,960 1993 7,905 9,469 3,859 21,233 81.8 39,716 56,494 18,334 114,544 5,024 1994 6,151 8,812 2,902 17,865 83.8 32,495 54,811 15,102 102,408 5,283 1995 7,085 7,784 2,877 17,746 83.8 34,519 47,811 15,276 97,607 4,872 1996 7,831 8,732 3,146 19,709 84.0 R37,314 R54,062 R17,009 R108,385 R4,765 R1997 10,008 10,791 3,592 24,391 85.3 R48,421 R66,181 R20,328 R134,930 R4,838 R1998 6,773 R10,640 3,193 R20,606 R84.5 R34,986 R70,155 R19,662 R124,803 R5,166 R1999 R4,019 10,338 R2,217 R16,574 R86.6 R18,705 R54,593 R13,491 R86,789 R4,654 R2000E 7,094 R15,853 2,737 R25,684 89.3 R32,832 R77,893 R14,673 R125,398 R4,628 R42001E 7,738 21,095 R2,415 R31,248 R92.3 R39,223 R110,986 R15,068 R165,277 R5,069 R2002E R5,827 R15,487 R2,328 R23,642 R90.2 R25,914 R85,476 R11,855 R123,245 R4,447 R2003E R6,971 R18,938 R2,404 R28,313 R91.5 R34,395 R111,992 R13,483 R159,871 R4,934 R2004E 6,617 22,736 2,880 32,233 91.1 33,613 135,909 13,487 183,009 5,080 

1 See "Footage Drilled" in Glossary. 2 See "Crude Oil Well" in Glossary. 3 See "Natural Gas Well" in Glossary. 4 See "Dry Hole" in Glossary.

R=Revised. E=Estimate. Notes: • Data are for development wells only; see Table 4.5 for all wells and Table 4.6 for exploratory

wells only. See "Development Well" and "Exploratory Well" in Glossary. • Service wells, stratigraphictests, and core tests are excluded. • For 1949-1959, data represent wells completed in a given year. For1960-1969, data are for well completion reports received by the American Petroleum Institute during thereporting year. For 1970 forward, the data represent wells completed in a given year. The as-received wellcompletion data for recent years are incomplete due to delays in the reporting of wells drilled. The EnergyInformation Administration (EIA) therefore statistically imputes the missing data to provide estimates of total

well completions and footage where necessary. See "Complet

Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to inot equal average of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http:/

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/pe

Sources: • 1949-1965—Gulf Publishing Company, 

• 1966-1969—American Petroleum Institute, Quarterly Review annual summaries and monthly reports. • 1970-1994—EIA comto the American Petroleum Institute. • 1995 forward—EIA compthe Information Handling Services Energy Group, Inc. For cReview, Section 5.
Figure 4.8 Costs of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Wells Drilled

Costs per Well, All Wells, 1960-2003 Costs per Foot, All Wells, 1960-2003Costs per Well by Well Type, 2003 Costs per Foot by Well Type, 2003110 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20041 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See Table D1. Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be 

Source: Table 4.8.

Real1

Nominal

R

No

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

200400600800

1,0001,2001,400

Thousand Dollars

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 

0

50

100150200250

Dollars

221

190

Crude Oil Natural Gas Dry 

0

100200300400

Dollars (Nominal) 1,037 1,106

2,065

1,200

Crude Oil Natural Gas Dry Holes All

0

600

1,2001,8002,400

Thousand Dollars (Nominal)
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 4.8 Costs of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Wells Drilled, 1960-2003

Year

Costs per Well

(thousand dollars)

Costs per Foot

(dollars)

Crude Oil 1 Natural Gas 2 Dry Holes 3 All Crude Oil 1 Natural Gas 2 Dry Holes 3 

Nominal Nominal Nominal Nominal Real 4 Nominal Nominal Nominal 

1960 52.2 102.7 44.0 54.9 261.1 13.22 18.57 10.56 1961 51.3 94.7 45.2 54.5 256.2 13.11 17.65 10.56 1962 54.2 97.1 50.8 58.6 271.8 13.41 18.10 11.20 1963 51.8 92.4 48.2 55.0 252.4 13.20 17.19 10.58 1964 50.6 104.8 48.5 55.8 252.2 13.12 18.57 10.64 1965 56.6 101.9 53.1 60.6 269.1 13.94 18.35 11.21 1966 62.2 133.8 56.9 68.4 295.1 15.04 21.75 12.34 1967 66.6 141.0 61.5 72.9 305.1 16.61 23.05 12.87 1968 79.1 148.5 66.2 81.5 327.0 18.63 24.05 12.88 1969 86.5 154.3 70.2 88.6 338.7 19.28 25.58 13.23 1970 86.7 160.7 80.9 94.9 344.6 19.29 26.75 15.21 1971 78.4 166.6 86.8 94.7 327.6 18.41 27.70 16.02 1972 93.5 157.8 94.9 106.4 352.8 20.77 27.78 17.28 1973 103.8 155.3 105.8 117.2 367.8 22.54 27.46 19.22 1974 110.2 189.2 141.7 138.7 399.5 27.82 34.11 26.76 1975 138.6 262.0 177.2 177.8 467.9 34.17 46.23 33.86 1976 151.1 270.4 190.3 191.6 476.7 37.35 49.78 36.94 1977 170.0 313.5 230.2 227.2 531.4 41.16 57.57 43.49 1978 208.0 374.2 281.7 280.0 611.8 49.72 68.37 52.55 1979 243.1 443.1 339.6 331.4 668.8 58.29 80.66 64.60 1980 272.1 536.4 376.5 367.7 680.4 66.36 95.16 73.70 1981 336.3 698.6 464.0 453.7 767.4 80.40 122.17 90.03 1982 347.4 864.3 515.4 514.4 820.0 86.34 146.20 104.09 1983 283.8 608.1 366.5 371.7 570.1 72.65 108.37 79.10 1984 262.1 489.8 329.2 326.5 482.5 66.32 88.80 67.18 1985 270.4 508.7 372.3 349.4 501.2 66.78 93.09 73.69 1986 284.9 522.9 389.2 364.6 511.7 68.35 93.02 76.53 1987 246.0 380.4 259.1 279.6 382.0 58.35 69.55 51.05 1988 279.4 460.3 366.4 354.7 468.6 62.28 84.65 66.96 1989 282.3 457.8 355.4 362.2 461.1 64.92 86.86 67.61 1990 321.8 471.3 367.5 383.6 470.2 69.17 90.73 67.49 1991 346.9 506.6 441.2 421.5 499.1 73.75 93.10 83.05 1992 362.3 426.1 357.6 382.6 442.9 69.50 72.83 67.82 1993 356.6 521.2 387.7 426.8 482.9 67.52 83.15 72.56 1994 409.5 535.1 491.5 483.2 535.4 70.57 81.90 86.60 1995 415.8 629.7 481.2 513.4 557.4 78.09 95.97 84.60 1996 341.0 616.0 541.0 496.1 528.6 70.60 98.67 95.74 1997 445.6 728.6 655.6 603.9 632.9 90.48 117.55 115.09 1998 566.0 815.6 973.2 769.1 797.2 108.88 127.94 157.79 1999 783.0 798.4 1,115.5 856.1 874.8 156.45 138.42 182.99 2000 593.4 756.9 1,075.4 754.6 754.6 125.96 138.39 181.83 2001 729.1 896.5 1,620.4 943.2 R921.1 153.72 172.05 271.63 2002 882.8 991.9 1,673.4 1,054.2 R1,012.8 194.55 175.78 284.17 2003 1,037.3 1,106.0 2,065.1 1,199.5 1,131.7 221.13 189.95 345.94 

1 See "Crude Oil Well" in Glossary. 2 See "Natural Gas Well" in Glossary. 3 See "Dry Hole" in Glossary. 4 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See

Table D1.

R=Revised. Notes: • The information reported for 1965 and prior years is not strictly comparable to that in more

recent surveys. • Average cost is the arithmetic mean and i

wells and for surface-producing facilities. Wells drilled include exservice wells, stratigraphic tests, and core tests. See "DevGlossary.

Web Page: For related information, see http://api-ec.api.org/nSource: American Petroleum Institute, 2003 Joint Association 
Figure 4.9 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Gross Additions to Proved Re

Exploration and Development Expenditures

Gross Additions to Proved Reserves of Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids, 1974-2003Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploration and Development Expenditures per Barrel of Reserve AdditionExpenditures, 1974-2003 Three-Year Moving Average112 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20041 Crude oil equivalent.2 Nominal dollars.

Note: “Major U.S. Energy Companies” are the top publicl

producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Re

3.14.

Source: Table 4.9.

U.S. Total

Major U.S. Energy Companies-Uni

1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 

-2

0

2

468

10

-2

Billion Barrels COE1

Major U.S. Energy Companies–Foreign

Major U.S. Energy

Companies–United States

Major 

1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001

0

1020304050

Billion Dollars 2

Major U.S. Energy Companies

–Foreign

1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

2

468

10

12

Dollars2 per Barrel COE1
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 4.9 Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Gross Additions to Proved Reserves,

 and Exploration and Development Expenditures, 1974-2003

Year

Gross Additions to Proved Reserves 1

of Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids

(million barrels COE 2)

Crude Oil and Natural Gas

Exploration and Development Expenditures

(billion dollars 3)

Expenditur

T

(d

U.S. Total

 Major U.S. Energy Companies 4 Major U.S. Energy Companies 4 Ma

United States Foreign United States Foreign United S

1974 NA 2,205 NA 8.7 3.8 NA 1975 3,846 -634 NA 7.8 5.3 8.01976 3,224 1,663 1,459 9.5 5.2 8.61977 3,765 2,210 1,055 10.7 5.6 5.11978 3,679 2,383 1,191 11.8 6.4 7.31979 5,071 1,378 51,208 21.3 7.8 9.31980 6,723 2,590 1,977 26.2 11.0 11.81981 7,304 2,848 1,006 33.0 12.4 11.61982 5,030 2,482 1,332 39.1 14.2 610.61983 6,412 3,427 1,918 27.1 10.7 9.21984 6,653 3,941 1,298 48.1 17.3 68.21985 6,190 73,129 1,192 28.5 10.1 78.21986 4,866 2,178 51,375 17.4 7.5 6.61987 6,059 73,698 2,516 14.3 9.2 74.51988 7,156 3,359 2,460 21.0 13.0 5.01989 5,385 2,798 2,043 15.0 14.1 5.61990 6,275 2,979 2,355 15.1 13.6 5.81991 4,227 1,772 2,135 14.2 13.7 6.51992 5,006 1,332 1,694 10.3 12.9 7.01993 4,814 1,945 2,147 10.9 12.5 5.61994 6,021 2,703 3,173 12.6 11.9 4.71995 6,558 2,929 2,799 12.4 13.2 5.11996 6,707 2,131 3,280 14.6 16.6 7.61997 7,233 1,367 3,279 21.8 17.9 9.61998 3,628 2,798 5,206 24.4 26.4 11.11999 7,929 1,197 3,360 13.5 17.5 10.22000 8,725 4,392 3,593 48.0 28.8 9.62001 7,449 4,271 6,744 33.9 35.9 10.42002 7,056 2,232 R3,036 31.8 31.4 R10.62003 5,189 2,216 3,848 27.2 28.2 NA 

1 Gross additions to proved reserves equal annual change in proved reserves plus annual production. 

See "Proved Reserves, Crude Oil," "Proved Reserves, Natural Gas," and "Proved Reserves, Natural GasLiquids" in Glossary.

2 Crude oil equivalent: converted to Btu on the basis of annual average conversion factors. See

Appendix A.

3 Nominal dollars. 4 "Major U.S. Energy Companies" are the top publicly-owned, U.S.-based crude oil and natural gas

producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reporting System (FRS) (see Table 3.14). 

5 Data for 1979 exclude downward revisions of 1,225 million barrels COE due to Iranian policies. Data

for 1986 exclude downward revisions due to Libyan sanctions. 6 Data for 1982 and 1984 are adjusted to exclude purchases of proved reserves associated withmergers among the Financial Reporting System companies.

7 Data for 1985 and 1987 exclude downward revisions of 1

barrels COE, respectively, of Alaska North Slope natural gas res

R=Revised. NA=Not available. Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: Major U.S. Energy Companies: • 1974-1976—

Form EIA-28, "Financial Reporting System" database, NoPerformance Profiles of Major Energy Producers, annual reportsReserves: • 1975-1979—American Gas Association, AmePetroleum Association (published jointly), Reserves of Crude Othe United States and Canada as of December 31, 1979, VolumU.S. Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Reserves, 
Figure 4.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Expenditures for Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exp

Development by Region

Total, 1974-2003 U.S. and Foreign, 1974-2003 U.S. Onshore and OfBy Region, 2003114 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20041 Nominal dollars.2 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. See Glossary.3 This region includes areas that are eastward of the Greenwich prime meridian to 180°

longitude and that are not included in other domestic or foreign classifications. 4 This region includes areas that are westward of the Greenwich prime meridian to 180°

longitude and that are not included in other domestic or foreign classifications.

Notes: • “Major U.S. Energy Companies” are the top pub

and natural gas producers and petroleum refiners that form 

(FRS). See Table 3.14. • Because vertical scales differ, gra

Source: Table 4.10.

and Former U.S.S.R.

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

20406080

Billion Dollars1

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

20406080

Billion Dollars1

1980 198

0

20406080

Billion Dollars1 Onshore

Offshore

United States

Foreign

27.2

4.9 5.7

2.1

9.2

1.0

4.2

United States Canada OECD2 Europe Eastern Europe Africa Middle East Other E

05

1015202530

Billion Dollars1

Hemis
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 4.10 Major U.S. Energy Companies’ Expenditures for Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploratio

 by Region, 1974-2003 (Billion Dollars 1

)

Year

United States Foreign

Onshore Offshore Total Canada 

OECD

Europe 2

Eastern

Europe and

Former U.S.S.R. Africa

Middle

East

Other

Eastern

Hemisphere 3

Oth

West

Hemisp

1974 NA NA 8.7 NA NA — NA NA NA N1975 NA NA 7.8 NA NA — NA NA NA N1976 NA NA 9.5 NA NA — NA NA NA N1977 6.7 4.0 10.7 1.5 2.5 — 0.7 0.2 0.3 01978 7.5 4.3 11.8 1.6 2.6 — 0.8 0.3 0.4 01979 13.0 8.3 21.3 2.3 3.0 — 0.8 0.2 0.5 01980 16.8 9.4 26.2 3.1 4.3 — 1.4 0.2 0.8 11981 19.9 13.0 33.0 1.8 5.0 — 2.1 0.3 1.9 11982 27.2 11.9 39.1 1.9 6.3 — 2.1 0.4 2.4 11983 16.0 11.1 27.1 1.6 4.3 — 1.7 0.5 2.0 01984 32.1 16.0 48.1 5.4 5.5 — 3.4 0.5 2.0 01985 20.0 8.5 28.5 1.9 3.7 — 1.6 0.9 1.3 01986 12.5 4.9 17.4 1.1 3.2 — 1.1 0.3 1.2 01987 9.7 4.5 14.3 1.9 3.0 — 0.8 0.4 2.8 01988 12.9 8.1 21.0 5.4 4.3 — 0.8 0.4 1.4 01989 9.0 6.0 15.0 6.3 3.5 — 1.0 0.4 2.3 01990 10.2 4.9 15.1 1.8 6.6 — 1.4 0.6 2.4 01991 9.6 4.6 14.2 1.7 6.8 — 1.5 0.5 2.4 01992 7.3 3.0 10.3 1.1 6.8 — 1.4 0.6 2.4 01993 7.2 3.7 10.9 1.6 5.5 0.3 1.5 0.7 2.5 01994 7.8 4.8 12.6 1.8 4.4 0.3 1.4 0.4 2.8 01995 7.7 4.7 12.4 1.9 5.2 0.4 2.0 0.4 2.4 01996 7.9 6.7 14.6 1.6 5.6 0.5 2.8 0.5 4.1 11997 13.0 8.8 21.8 2.0 7.1 0.6 3.0 0.6 3.0 11998 13.5 11.0 24.4 4.8 8.6 1.3 3.1 0.9 3.9 31999 6.6 6.9 13.5 2.1 4.1 0.6 3.1 0.4 3.4 32000 27.1 21.0 48.0 4.9 7.5 0.9 2.7 0.6 6.8 52001 24.2 9.6 33.9 15.3 5.4 0.9 5.5 0.7 5.0 32002 22.3 9.5 31.8 6.7 9.8 1.3 5.1 0.8 6.2 12003 14.7 12.5 27.2 4.9 5.7 2.1 9.2 1.0 4.2 1

1 Nominal dollars. 2 The European members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) are

Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, theNetherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, and the United Kingdom, and, for 1997forward, Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland. 3 This region includes areas that are eastward of the Greenwich prime meridian to 180° longitude andthat are not included in other domestic or foreign classifications. 4 This region includes areas that are westward of the Greenwich prime meridian to 180° longitude andthat are not included in other domestic or foreign classifications.

NA=Not available. — = Not applicable. Notes: • "Major U.S. Energy Companies" are the top pub

gas producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financia• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independen

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gSources: • 1974-1976—Energy Information Administration 

Financial Reporting System Database, November 1997. • Major Energy Producers, annual reports.
Figure 4.11 Coal Demonstrated Reserve Base, January 1, 2004

By Key State By RegionWest and East of the Mississippi By Mining Method By Rank116 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared. Source: Table 4.11.

119

105

65

34 30 28 23

16 13 12 10

Montana Illinois Wyo- West Ken- Penn- Ohio Colo- Texas New Indiana

0

20406080

100120140

Billion Short Tons 235 

Western 

0

100200300400

Billion Short Tons

ming Virginia tucky sylvania rado Mexico

264

1

Bitu- Sub

0

100200300400

Billion Short Tons259 237

West of the East of the

0

100200300400

Billion Short Tons

Mississippi

336

160

Underground Surface

0

100200300400

Billion Short Tons

Mississippi minous mi
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 4.11 Coal Demonstrated Reserve Base, January 1, 2004

 (Billion Short Tons)

Region and State Anthracite

Bituminous Coal Subbituminous Coal Lignite 

Underground Surface Underground Surface Surface 1 Undergrou

Appalachian .......................................................... 7.3 71.4 23.1 0.0 0.0 1.1 75.4 

 Alabama ............................................................... 0.0 1.1 2.1 0.0 0.0 1.1 1.1  Kentucky, Eastern ................................................ 0.0 1.4 9.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4  Ohio ...................................................................... 0.0 17.6 5.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 17.6  Pennsylvania ........................................................ 7.2 19.6 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.4  Virginia .................................................................. 0.1 1.1 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2  West Virginia ........................................................ 0.0 29.5 3.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 29.5  Other 2 .................................................................. 0.0 1.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 

Interior ................................................................... 0.1 117.5 27.4 0.0 0.0 13.0 117.6 

 Illinois .................................................................... 0.0 88.0 16.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 88.0  Indiana .................................................................. 0.0 8.8 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.8  Iowa ...................................................................... 0.0 1.7 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.7  Kentucky, Western ............................................... 0.0 16.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.0  Missouri ................................................................ 0.0 1.5 4.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5  Oklahoma ............................................................. 0.0 1.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2  Texas .................................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.5 0.0  Other 3 .................................................................. 0.1 0.3 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.4 

Western ................................................................. (s) 21.9 2.3 121.3 60.2 29.5 143.2 

 Alaska ................................................................... 0.0 0.6 0.1 4.8 0.6 (s) 5.4  Colorado ............................................................... (s) 7.8 0.6 3.8 0.0 4.2 11.6  Montana ................................................................ 0.0 1.4 0.0 69.6 32.6 15.8 71.0  New Mexico .......................................................... (s) 2.7 0.9 3.5 5.1 0.0 6.2  North Dakota ........................................................ 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.1 0.0  Utah ...................................................................... 0.0 5.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.2  Washington ........................................................... 0.0 0.3 0.0 1.0 (s) (s) 1.3  Wyoming ............................................................... 0.0 3.8 0.5 38.7 21.8 0.0 42.5  Other 4 .................................................................. 0.0 0.0 0.0 (s) (s) 0.4 0.0 

U.S. Total ............................................................... 7.5 210.8 52.8 121.3 60.2 43.5 336.2 

 States East of the Mississippi River ..................... 7.3 184.3 44.1 0.0 0.0 1.1 188.3  States West of the Mississippi River .................... 0.1 26.5 8.7 121.3 60.2 42.4 148.0 

1 Lignite resources are not mined underground in the United States. 2 Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, and Tennessee. 3 Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana, and Michigan. 4 Arizona, Idaho, Oregon, and South Dakota.

(s)=Less than 0.05 billion short tons. Notes: • See U.S. Coal Reserves: 1997 Update on the Web Page for a description of the methodology

used to produce these data. • Data represent known measured and indicated coal resources meeting

minimum seam and depth criteria, in the ground as of Januar

totally recoverable. Net recoverability with current mining tenorthern Alaska) to more than 90 percent. Fifty-four percent othe United States is estimated to be recoverable. • Totals mindependent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSource: Energy Information Administration, Coal Reserves D
Figure 4.12 Uranium Exploration and Development Drilling

Total Holes Drilled, 1958-2001 and 2004 Holes Drilled, Selected YearsTotal Footage Drilled, 1949-2001 and 2004 Footage Drilled, Selected Years118 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004Source: Table 4.12.

19

10

9

8

28

18

1961 1971 1981 

0

102030

Thousands 

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

20406080

100120

Thousands

•

2004

3

4

3

1

11

11

1961 1971 1981 

048

12

Million Feet 

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

102030405060

Million Feet

•

2004
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 4.12 Uranium Exploration and Development Drilling, Selected Years, 1949-2004

Year

Exploration 1 Development 2 

Holes Drilled

(thousands)

Footage Drilled

(million feet)

Holes Drilled

(thousands)

Footage Drilled

(million feet)

Holes Drilled

(thousands)

1949 NA 0.36 NA 0.05 NA 1950 NA 0.57 NA 0.21 NA 1955 NA 5.27 NA 0.76 NA 1960 7.34 1.40 24.40 4.21 31.73 1965 6.23 1.16 7.33 0.95 13.56 1970 43.98 17.98 14.87 5.55 58.85 1971 28.42 11.40 10.44 4.05 38.86 1972 26.91 11.82 9.71 3.61 36.62 1973 22.56 10.83 11.70 5.59 34.26 1974 27.40 14.72 12.30 6.84 39.70 1975 34.29 15.69 21.60 9.73 55.89 1976 40.41 20.36 27.23 14.44 67.64 1977 62.60 27.96 30.86 17.62 93.45 1978 75.07 28.95 29.29 19.15 104.35 1979 60.46 28.07 30.19 13.01 90.65 1980 39.61 19.60 20.19 8.59 59.80 1981 17.75 10.87 8.67 3.35 26.42 1982 6.97 4.23 3.00 1.13 9.97 1983 4.29 2.09 3.01 1.08 7.30 1984 4.80 2.26 0.72 0.29 5.52 1985 2.88 1.42 0.77 0.34 3.65 1986 1.99 1.10 1.85 0.97 3.83 1987 1.82 1.11 1.99 0.86 3.81 1988 2.03 1.28 3.18 1.73 5.21 1989 2.09 1.43 1.75 0.80 3.84 1990 1.51 0.87 1.91 0.81 3.42 1991 1.62 0.97 1.57 0.87 3.20 1992 0.94 0.56 0.83 0.50 1.77 1993 0.36 0.22 1.67 0.89 2.02 1994 0.52 0.34 0.48 0.32 1.00 1995 0.58 0.40 1.73 0.95 2.31 1996 1.12 0.88 3.58 2.16 4.70 1997 1.94 1.33 5.86 3.56 7.79 1998 1.37 0.89 5.23 3.75 6.60 1999 0.27 0.18 2.91 2.33 3.18 2000 W W W W 1.55 2001 0.00 0.00 1.02 0.66 1.02 2002 W W W W W 2003 NA NA NA NA W 2004 W W W W 2.19 

1 Includes surface drilling in search of new ore deposits or extensions of known deposits and drilling at

the location of a discovery up to the time the company decides sufficient ore reserves are present to justifycommercial exploitation.

2 Includes all surface drilling on an ore deposit to determine more precisely size, grade, and

configuration subsequent to the time that commercial exploitation is deemed feasible.

NA=Not available. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http:/

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelnuclea

Sources: • 1949-1981—U.S. Department of Energy, Gra

Uranium Industry, January 1, 1983, Report No. GJO-100 (19Information Administration (EIA), Uranium Industry Annual, a"Domestic Uranium Production Report" (March 2005).
Figure 4.13 Uranium Reserves and Resources, 2003

Reserves, Million Pounds U308 Reserves and Resources120 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20041 California, Idaho, Nebraska, Nevada, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, and

Washington.

Note: Data are at end of year.Source: Table 4.13.

NM

AZ

UT

CO

WY

NESDND

TX

CA

OR

WA

ID

NV

566

341

84

582

363

106

23 38 6

Forward-Cost Category (dollars per pound)

$30 or Less$50 or Less$100 or Less

170

123

45

Sum of AZ, CO, and UT

40 58 24

Sum of Other States1

Billion Pounds U O3 8

1.3

2.2

3

0.3

0.9

$30 or Less $50 o

(dollars p

Forward-Co

0

1

2

3456 Reserves

EstimatedAdditionalResources

SpeculResou
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 4.13 Uranium Reserves and Resources, 2003

 (Million Pounds U3O8)

Resource Category and State

Forward-Cost Category (dollars per pound) 

$30 or Less $50 or Less 

Reserves 2 ......................................................................................................................... 265 890 

 New Mexico .................................................................................................................. 84 341  Wyoming ....................................................................................................................... 106 363  Texas ............................................................................................................................ 6 23  Arizona, Colorado, Utah ............................................................................................... 45 123  Others 3 ........................................................................................................................ 24 40 

Potential Resources 4

 Estimated Additional Resources ..................................................................................... 2,180 3,310  Speculative Resources ................................................................................................... 1,310 2,230 

1 Forward costs are all operating and capital costs (in current dollars) yet to be incurred in the

production of uranium from estimated resources. Excluded are previous expenditures (such as explorationand land acquisitions), taxes, profit, and the cost of money. Generally, forward costs are lower than marketprices. Resource values in forward-cost categories are cumulative; that is, the quantity at each level offorward cost includes all reserves/resources at the lower cost in that category. 2 The Energy Information Administration (EIA) category of uranium reserves is equivalent to theinternationally reported category of "Reasonably Assured Resources" (RAR). 3 California, Idaho, Nebraska, Nevada, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, and Washington. 4 Shown are the mean values for the distribution of estimates for each forward-cost category, rounded

to the nearest million pounds U3O8.

Notes: • Data are at end of year. • Until further notice, the

pending completion of a review of the EIA’s uranium resource asSee "Uranium Oxide" in Glossary.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • Forward Costs $30 or Less and $50 or Less—En

Uranium Reserves Estimates" (June 2004). • Forward Costs $Electric and Alternate Fuels database as of June 2004.

Petroleum

5

Oil pumping unit and drilling rig, Texas. Source: U.S. Department of Energy.

Diagram 2. Petroleum Flow, 2004

(Million Barrels per Day)

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

a Unfinished oils (net), other hydrocarbons, hydrogen, and oxygenates.b Adjustments (-0.04), net imports (0.90), stock change (-0.05), and reprocessing (0.05).c Finished petroleum products, liquefied petroleum gases, and pentanes plus.d Unfinished oils requiring further refinery processing, and aviation blending components.

e Natural gas plant liquids.

Notes: • Data are preliminary. • Totals may not equal su

rounding.Sources: Tables 5.1, 5.3, 5.5, 5.8, 5.11, 5.13a-5.13d, 5

February 2005, Table 3.

Crude Oil

Imports

10.04

Other Liquids

Refinery Input

0.86

a

b

Crude Oil

Refinery

Input

15.48

Crude Oil

Supply

15.47

Crude Oil

Production

5.43

Refinery

Input

16.75

Crude Oil

0.19

Adjustments Crude Oil Stock

Change

0.15 NGPLe

Refinery

Input

0.41

Processing Gain

1.02

NGPLe

Direct Use

1.40

Refined Productsc

Stock Change

0.01

Fuel Ethanol

and Motor Gasoline

Blending Components

0.46

Refinery

Output

17.77

Refined Productsc

Exports

0.96 Other Liquidsa for Reprocessingd

0.05

Refined Productsc

Imports

1.90

0.80

Jet Fuel 1.62

2.14 Liquefied Petroleum Gases

Residual

Fuel Oil

Petroleum

Consumption

20.52

Resid

Distillate

Fuel Oil

4.06

Other 2.83
Figure 5.1 Petroleum Overview

Overview, 1949-2004 Overview, 2004Crude Oil and Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production, 1949-2004 Trade, 1949-2004126 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Petroleum products supplied is used as an approximation for consumption.2 Crude oil and natural gas plant liquids production.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Sources: Tables 5.1 and 5.3.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

05

10152025

Million Barrels per Day 7.2 12.9

1.0

Production 2 Imports Export

05

10152025

Million Barrels per Day Production2 Consumption1

Net Imports

5.43 in

2004

Natural Gas Plant Liquids

Peak: 9.64

in 1970

Crude Oil

Crude Oil Impo

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

2

468

10

Million Barrels per Day

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0369

12

Million Barrels per Day

Exports
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 5.1 Petroleum Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2004

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Production 1

Processing

Gain 3

Trade

Stoc

Chang

Crude Oil

Natural Gas

48 States Plant Liquids Total Imports Exports Net Imports 2 Alaska Total

1949 5,046 0 5,046 430 5,477 -2 645 327 318 -1950 5,407 0 5,407 499 5,906 2 850 305 545 -51955 6,807 0 6,807 771 7,578 34 1,248 368 880 (s) 1960 7,034 2 7,035 929 7,965 146 1,815 202 1,613 -81965 7,774 30 7,804 1,210 9,014 220 2,468 187 2,281 -1970 9,408 229 9,637 1,660 11,297 359 3,419 259 3,161 101971 9,245 218 9,463 1,693 11,155 382 3,926 224 3,701 71972 9,242 199 9,441 1,744 11,185 388 4,741 222 4,519 -231973 9,010 198 9,208 1,738 10,946 453 6,256 231 6,025 131974 8,581 193 8,774 1,688 10,462 480 6,112 221 5,892 171975 8,183 191 8,375 1,633 10,007 460 6,056 209 5,846 31976 7,958 173 8,132 1,604 9,736 477 7,313 223 7,090 -51977 7,781 464 8,245 1,618 9,862 524 8,807 243 8,565 541978 7,478 1,229 8,707 1,567 10,275 496 8,363 362 8,002 -94 1979 7,151 1,401 8,552 1,584 10,135 527 8,456 471 7,985 171980 6,980 1,617 8,597 1,573 10,170 597 6,909 544 6,365 141981 6,962 1,609 8,572 1,609 10,180 508 5,996 595 5,401 161982 6,953 1,696 8,649 1,550 10,199 531 5,113 815 4,298 -141983 6,974 1,714 8,688 1,559 10,246 488 5,051 739 4,312 -21984 7,157 1,722 8,879 1,630 10,509 553 5,437 722 4,715 281985 7,146 1,825 8,971 1,609 10,581 557 5,067 781 4,286 -101986 6,814 1,867 8,680 1,551 10,231 616 6,224 785 5,439 201987 6,387 1,962 8,349 1,595 9,944 639 6,678 764 5,914 41988 6,123 2,017 8,140 1,625 9,765 655 7,402 815 6,587 -21989 5,739 1,874 7,613 1,546 9,159 661 8,061 859 7,202 -41990 5,582 1,773 7,355 1,559 8,914 683 8,018 857 7,161 101991 5,618 1,798 7,417 1,659 9,076 715 7,627 1,001 6,626 -11992 5,457 1,714 7,171 1,697 8,868 772 7,888 950 6,938 -61993 5,264 1,582 6,847 1,736 8,582 766 8,620 1,003 7,618 151994 5,103 1,559 6,662 1,727 8,388 768 8,996 942 8,054 11995 5,076 1,484 6,560 1,762 8,322 774 8,835 949 7,886 -241996 5,071 1,393 6,465 1,830 8,295 837 9,478 981 8,498 -151997 5,156 1,296 6,452 1,817 8,269 850 10,162 1,003 9,158 141998 5,077 1,175 6,252 1,759 8,011 886 10,708 945 9,764 231999 4,832 1,050 5,881 1,850 7,731 886 10,852 940 9,912 -422000 4,851 970 5,822 1,911 7,733 948 11,459 1,040 10,419 -62001 4,839 963 5,801 1,868 7,670 903 11,871 971 10,900 322002 4,761 984 5,746 1,880 7,626 957 11,530 984 10,546 -102003 R4,706 974 R5,681 R1,719 R7,400 R974 R12,264 R1,027 R11,238 R52004P 4,522 908 5,430 1,811 7,241 1,024 12,899 1,048 11,851 21

1 Crude oil production on leases, and natural gas plant liquids (liquefied petroleum gases, pentanes

plus, and a small amount of finished petroleum products) production at natural gas processing plants. Excludes what was previously classified as "Field Production" of finished motor gasoline, motor gasolineblending components, and other hydrocarbons and oxygenates; these are now included in "Adjustments."

2 United States excluding Alaska and Hawaii. 3 Refinery output minus refinery input. See Table 5.8. 4 A negative number indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive number indicates an increase. 

Distillate stocks in the "Northeast Heating Oil Reserve" are not included.

5 An adjustment for crude oil, motor gasoline blending components, and fuel ethanol.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day.

Notes: • Crude oil includes lease condensate. • See N

Petroleum Consumption," Note 2, "Adjustment to Total Pet"Changes Affecting Petroleum Production and Product Supplied not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/pe

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industr

annual reports. • 1976-1980—Energy Information AdministratStatement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2003—EIA, P• 2004—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2005).
Figure 5.2 Crude Oil Production and Crude Oil Well Productivity, 1954-2004

By Geographic Location By Site48 States1 and Alaska Number of Producing Wells Average Productivity128 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 United States excluding Alaska and Hawaii.

Note: Crude oil includes lease condensate.

Source: Table 5.2.

Total

1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

2

468

10

Million Barrels per Day (Cumulative)

Total

1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 19

0

2

468

10

Million Barrels per Day (Cumulative) 48 States1 Alaska Offshore Onshore

Alaska

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

2

468

10

Million Barrels per Day48 States1

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

200400600800

Thousand Wells

1960 1970 

05

101520

Barrels per Day per Well

1985: 647

thousand wells

2004: 510

thousand wells

Peak: 
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 5.2 Crude Oil Production and Crude Oil Well Productivity, 1954-2004

 (Thousand Barrels per Day, Except as Noted)

Year

Geographic Location Site Type

Total

Production

48 States 2 Alaska Onshore Offshore Crude Oil

Lease

Condensate

Pro

W

(tho

1954 6,342 0 6,209 133 6,342 5 ( ) 6,342 1955 6,807 0 6,645 162 6,807 5 ( ) 6,807 1956 7,151 0 6,951 201 7,151 5 ( ) 7,151 1957 7,170 0 6,940 229 7,170 5 ( ) 7,170 1958 6,710 0 6,473 236 6,710 5 ( ) 6,710 1959 7,053 1 6,779 274 7,054 5 ( ) 7,054 1960 7,034 2 6,716 319 7,035 5 ( ) 7,035 1961 7,166 17 6,817 365 7,183 5 ( ) 7,183 1962 7,304 28 6,888 444 7,332 5 ( ) 7,332 1963 7,512 29 7,026 515 7,542 5 ( ) 7,542 1964 7,584 30 7,027 587 7,614 5 ( ) 7,614 1965 7,774 30 7,140 665 7,804 5 ( ) 7,804 1966 8,256 39 7,473 823 8,295 5 ( ) 8,295 1967 8,730 80 7,802 1,009 8,810 5 ( ) 8,810 1968 8,915 181 7,808 1,287 8,660 436 9,096 1969 9,035 203 7,797 1,441 8,778 460 9,238 1970 9,408 229 8,060 1,577 9,180 457 9,637 1971 9,245 218 7,779 1,684 9,032 431 9,463 1972 9,242 199 7,780 1,660 8,998 443 9,441 1973 9,010 198 7,592 1,616 8,784 424 9,208 1974 8,581 193 7,285 1,489 8,375 399 8,774 1975 8,183 191 7,012 1,362 8,007 367 8,375 1976 7,958 173 6,868 1,264 7,776 356 8,132 1977 7,781 464 7,069 1,176 7,875 370 8,245 1978 7,478 1,229 7,571 1,136 8,353 355 8,707 1979 7,151 1,401 7,485 1,067 8,181 371 8,552 1980 6,980 1,617 7,562 1,034 8,210 386 8,597 1981 6,962 1,609 7,537 1,034 8,176 395 8,572 1982 6,953 1,696 7,538 1,110 8,261 387 8,649 1983 6,974 1,714 7,492 1,196 8,688 5 ( ) 8,688 1984 7,157 1,722 7,596 1,283 8,879 5 ( ) 8,879 1985 7,146 1,825 7,722 1,250 8,971 5 ( ) 8,971 1986 6,814 1,867 7,426 1,254 8,680 5 ( ) 8,680 1987 6,387 1,962 7,153 1,196 8,349 5 ( ) 8,349 1988 6,123 2,017 6,949 1,191 8,140 5 ( ) 8,140 1989 5,739 1,874 6,486 1,127 7,613 5 ( ) 7,613 1990 5,582 1,773 6,273 1,082 7,355 5 ( ) 7,355 1991 5,618 1,798 6,245 1,172 7,417 5 ( ) 7,417 1992 5,457 1,714 5,953 1,218 7,171 5 ( ) 7,171 1993 5,264 1,582 5,606 1,241 6,847 5 ( ) 6,847 1994 5,103 1,559 5,291 1,370 6,662 5 ( ) 6,662 1995 5,076 1,484 5,035 1,525 6,560 5 ( ) 6,560 1996 5,071 1,393 4,902 1,562 6,465 5 ( ) 6,465 1997 5,156 1,296 4,803 1,648 6,452 5 ( ) 6,452 1998 5,077 1,175 4,560 1,692 6,252 5 ( ) 6,252 1999 4,832 1,050 4,132 1,750 5,881 5 ( ) 5,881 2000 4,851 970 4,049 1,773 5,822 5 ( ) 5,822 2001 4,839 963 3,879 1,923 5,801 5 ( ) 5,801 2002 4,761 984 3,743 2,003 5,746 5 ( ) 5,746 2003 R4,706 974 R3,668 R2,012 R5,681 5 ( ) R5,681 R2004 P4,522 P908 E3,565 E1,865 P5,430 5 ( ) P5,430 P

1 See "Crude Oil Well" in Glossary. 2 United States excluding Alaska and Hawaii. 3 As of December 31. 4 Through 1976, average productivity is based on the average number of producing wells. Beginning in 1977, average productivity is based on the number of wells producing at end of year. 5 Included in "Crude Oil."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Page: See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html for related infomation.

Sources: Onshore: • 1954-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Statement,

Annual, annual reports. • 1976-1980—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data Reports,Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2003—EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual

reports. • 2004—EIA estimate. Offshore: • 1954-1969—U

Shelf Statistics (June 1979). • 1970-1975—Bureau of MinStatement, Annual, annual reports. • 1976-1980—EIA, EneAnnual, annual reports. • 1981-2003—EIA, Petroleum Suppestimate. Producing Wells: • 1954-1975—Bureau of Mines, Petroleum Products" chapter. • 1976-1980—EIA, Energy Daannual reports. • 1981-1994—Independent Petroleum Associain Your State. • 1995 forward—Gulf Publishing Co., World • 1954-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Pet• 1976-1980—EIA, Energy Data Reports, Petroleum • 1981-2003—EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports. (February 2005).
Figure 5.3 Petroleum Imports by Type

Total, 1949-2004 By Selected Product, 1949-2004By Product, 2004130 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Liquefied petroleum gases.2 Aviation gasoline and blending components, kerosene, lubricants, pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, special naphthas, waxes, other hydrocarbons and

oxygenates, and miscellaneous products.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Source: Table 5.3.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

05

1015

Million Barrels per Day

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0.00.51.01.52.0

Million Barrels per Day Total Crude Oil Residual Fuel Oil Distillate Fuel Oil 

Petroleum

Products

481 475

441

371

320

260

114

Motor Unfinished Oils Motor Gasoline Residual Distillate LPG1 Jet Fuel Asp

0

100200300400500600

Thousand Barrels per Day

Gasoline Blending Fuel Oil Fuel Oil

Components

R
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 5.3 Petroleum Imports by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2004

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Crude

Oil 1

Petroleum Products

Asphalt and

Road Oil

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Jet

Fuel 2

Liquefied Petroleum Gases

Motor

Gasoline 4

Motor

Gasoline

Blending

Components

Residual

Fuel Oil

Unfinished

Oils

O

Pro

Propane 

3 Total

1949 421 3 5 2 ( ) 0 0 0 0 206 10 1950 487 5 7 2 ( ) 0 0 (s) 6 ( ) 329 21 1955 782 9 12 2 ( ) 0 0 13 6 ( ) 417 15 1960 1,015 17 35 34 NA 4 27 6 ( ) 637 45 1965 1,238 17 36 81 NA 21 28 6 ( ) 946 92 1970 1,324 17 147 144 26 52 67 6 ( ) 1,528 108 1971 1,681 20 153 180 32 70 59 6 ( ) 1,583 124 1972 2,216 25 182 194 43 89 68 6 ( ) 1,742 125 1973 3,244 23 392 212 71 132 134 6 ( ) 1,853 137 1974 3,477 31 289 163 59 123 204 6 ( ) 1,587 121 1975 4,105 14 155 133 60 112 184 6 ( ) 1,223 36 1976 5,287 11 146 76 68 130 131 6 ( ) 1,413 32 1977 6,615 4 250 75 86 161 217 6 ( ) 1,359 31 1978 6,356 2 173 86 57 123 190 6 ( ) 1,355 27 1979 6,519 4 193 78 88 217 181 6 ( ) 1,151 59 1980 5,263 4 142 80 69 216 140 6 ( ) 939 55 1981 4,396 4 173 38 70 244 157 24 800 112 1982 3,488 5 93 29 63 226 197 42 776 174 1983 3,329 7 174 29 44 190 247 47 699 234 1984 3,426 18 272 62 67 195 299 83 681 231 1985 3,201 35 200 39 67 187 381 67 510 318 1986 4,178 29 247 57 110 242 326 72 669 250 1987 4,674 36 255 67 88 190 384 60 565 299 1988 5,107 31 302 90 106 209 405 57 644 360 1989 5,843 31 306 106 111 181 369 66 629 348 1990 5,894 32 278 108 115 188 342 62 504 413 1991 5,782 28 205 67 91 147 297 36 453 413 1992 6,083 27 216 82 85 131 294 41 375 443 1993 6,787 32 184 100 103 160 247 27 373 491 1994 7,063 37 203 117 124 183 356 20 314 413 1995 7,230 36 193 106 102 146 265 48 187 349 1996 7,508 27 230 111 119 166 336 166 248 367 1997 8,225 32 228 91 113 169 309 200 194 353 1998 8,706 28 210 124 137 194 311 209 275 302 1999 8,731 34 250 128 122 182 382 217 237 317 2000 9,071 28 295 162 161 215 427 223 352 274 2001 9,328 26 344 148 140 206 454 298 295 378 2002 9,140 27 267 107 145 183 498 311 249 410 2003 R9,665 12 R333 109 R168 R225 R518 R367 R327 R335 2004P 10,038 18 320 114 207 260 481 441 371 475 

1 Includes any imports for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977. 2 Through 1955, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in "Motor Gasoline." Through 1964, kerosene-type jet

fuel is included with kerosene in "Other Products." 3 Includes propylene. 4 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1955, also includes naphtha-type jet fuel. Through 1963, alsoincludes aviation gasoline and special naphthas. Through 1980, also includes motor gasoline blendingcomponents.

5 Aviation gasoline blending components, kerosene, lubricants, pentanes plus, petrochemical

feedstocks, petroleum coke, waxes, other hydrocarbons and oxygenates, and miscellaneous products. Through 1964, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1964, also includes aviation gasoline andspecial naphthas.

6 Included in "Motor Gasoline."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than Notes: • Includes imports from U.S. possessions and ter

components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/pe

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industr

annual reports. • 1976-1980—Energy Information AdministratStatement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2003—EIA, P• 2004—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2005).
Figure 5.4 Petroleum Imports by Country of Origin

Total, OPEC, and Non-OPEC, 1960-2004 Selected Countries, 2004Selected OPEC Countries, 1960-2004 Selected Non-OPEC Countries, 1960-2004132 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Notes: • OPEC=Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. • Because vertical

scales differ, graphs should not be compared.

Source: Table 5.4.

Total

Non-OPEC

OPEC

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0369

12

15

Million Barrels per Day

2.1

1.6

1.6 1.5

1.1

Canada Mexico Saudi Vene- Nigeria 

0.00.6

1.2

1.82.4

Million Barrels per Day

Saudi Arabia

Venezuela

Nigeria

Arabia

Iraq

zuela 

Canada

Norway

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0.00.51.01.52.0

Million Barrels per Day

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 

0.00.51.01.52.02.5

Million Barrels per Day
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 5.4 Petroleum Imports by Country of Origin, 1960-2004

Year

Persian

Gulf

Nations 2

Selected OPEC 1 Countries Selected Non-OPEC Countries

Iraq Nigeria 

Saudi

Arabia Venezuela

Total

OPEC 3 Canada Colombia Mexico Norway

United

Kingdom

Total

Non-OPEC 3

Thousand Barrels per Day 

1960 NA 17 0 84 911 1,314 120 40 16 0 (s) 500 1961 346 25 0 73 879 1,286 190 28 40 0 1 631 1962 272 2 0 74 906 1,265 250 24 49 0 2 816 1963 303 1 0 108 900 1,283 265 23 48 0 3 839 1964 315 1 0 131 933 1,361 299 26 47 0 (s) 898 1965 345 16 15 158 994 1,476 323 42 48 0 (s) 992 1966 306 26 11 147 1,018 1,471 384 40 45 0 6 1,102 1967 198 5 5 92 938 1,259 450 32 49 0 11 1,278 1968 202 5 9 74 886 1,302 506 33 45 0 28 1,538 1969 179 5 49 65 875 1,336 608 43 43 0 20 1,830 1970 121 5 50 30 989 1,343 766 20 42 0 11 2,076 1971 299 11 102 128 1,020 1,673 857 9 27 0 10 2,253 1972 471 4 251 190 959 2,063 1,108 5 21 0 9 2,678 1973 848 4 459 486 1,135 2,993 1,325 9 16 1 15 3,263 1974 1,039 0 713 461 979 3,280 1,070 5 8 1 8 2,832 1975 1,165 2 762 715 702 3,601 846 9 71 17 14 2,454 1976 1,840 26 1,025 1,230 700 5,066 599 21 87 36 31 2,247 1977 2,448 74 1,143 1,380 690 6,193 517 17 179 50 126 2,614 1978 2,219 62 919 1,144 646 5,751 467 20 318 104 180 2,612 1979 2,069 88 1,080 1,356 690 5,637 538 18 439 75 202 2,819 1980 1,519 28 857 1,261 481 4,300 455 4 533 144 176 2,609 1981 1,219 (s) 620 1,129 406 3,323 447 1 522 119 375 2,672 1982 696 3 514 552 412 2,146 482 5 685 102 456 2,968 1983 442 10 302 337 422 1,862 547 10 826 66 382 3,189 1984 506 12 216 325 548 2,049 630 8 748 114 402 3,388 1985 311 46 293 168 605 1,830 770 23 816 32 310 3,237 1986 912 81 440 685 793 2,837 807 87 699 60 350 3,387 1987 1,077 83 535 751 804 3,060 848 148 655 80 352 3,617 1988 1,541 345 618 1,073 794 3,520 999 134 747 67 315 3,882 1989 1,861 449 815 1,224 873 4,140 931 172 767 138 215 3,921 1990 1,966 518 800 1,339 1,025 4,296 934 182 755 102 189 3,721 1991 1,845 0 703 1,802 1,035 4,092 1,033 163 807 82 138 3,535 1992 1,778 0 681 1,720 1,170 4,092 1,069 126 830 127 230 3,796 1993 1,782 0 740 1,414 1,300 4,273 1,181 171 919 142 350 4,347 1994 1,728 0 637 1,402 1,334 4,247 1,272 161 984 202 458 4,749 1995 1,573 0 627 1,344 1,480 4,002 1,332 219 1,068 273 383 4,833 1996 1,604 1 617 1,363 1,676 4,211 1,424 234 1,244 313 308 5,267 1997 1,755 89 698 1,407 1,773 4,569 1,563 271 1,385 309 226 5,593 1998 2,136 336 696 1,491 1,719 4,905 1,598 354 1,351 236 250 5,803 1999 2,464 725 657 1,478 1,493 4,953 1,539 468 1,324 304 365 5,899 2000 2,487 620 896 1,572 1,546 5,203 1,807 342 1,373 343 366 6,257 2001 2,761 795 885 1,662 1,553 5,528 1,828 296 1,440 341 324 6,343 2002 2,269 459 621 1,552 1,398 4,605 1,971 260 1,547 393 478 6,925 2003 R2,501 R481 R867 R1,774 R1,376 R5,162 R2,072 R195 R1,623 R270 R440 R7,103 R2004P 2,485 652 1,119 1,556 1,521 5,626 2,118 168 1,642 238 369 7,274 

1 Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. See Glossary for current membership. 2 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates. 3 Ecuador withdrew from OPEC on December 31, 1992. Through 1992, Ecuador is included in "Total

OPEC"; beginning in 1993, Ecuador is included in "Total Non-OPEC." Gabon withdrew from OPEC onDecember 31, 1994. Through 1994, Gabon is included in "Total OPEC"; beginning in 1995, Gabon isincluded in "Total Non-OPEC."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day. Notes: • The country of origin for refined petroleum products may not be the country of origin for the

crude oil from which the refined products were produced. For example, refined products imported from

refineries in the Caribbean may have been produced from M

imports for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleu

information.

Sources: • 1960-1975—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yea

Products" chapter. • 1976-1980—Energy Information AdminisDistricts Supply/Demand, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-200reports. • 2004—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 200
Figure 5.5 Petroleum Exports by Type

Total, 1949-2004 By Selected Product 1949-2004By Product, 2004134 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Liquefied petroleum gases.

2 Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline, kerosene, motor gasoline blending components,

pentanes plus, waxes, other hydrocarbons and oxygenates, and miscellaneous products.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Source: Table 5.5.

Total

Products

Crude Oil

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

200400600800

1,0001,200

Thousand Barrels per Day

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

100200300400

Thousand Barrels per Day

Residual Fuel Oil

Coke Fuel Oil Fuel Oil Gasoline Nap

350

205

124

110

43 41 40

2

Petroleum Residual Motor Distillate LPG1 Lubricants Jet Fuel Spe

0

100200300400

Thousand Barrels per Day
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 5.5 Petroleum Exports by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2004

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Crude

Oil 

Petroleum Products

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Jet

Fuel 1

Liquefied Petroleum Gases

Lubricants

Motor

Gasoline 3

Petroleum

Coke

Petrochemical

Feedstocks

Residual

Fuel Oil

Special

Naphthas

Propane 

2 Total

1949 91 34 1 ( ) NA 4 35 108 7 0 35 NA 1950 95 35 1 ( ) NA 4 39 68 7 0 44 NA 1955 32 67 (s) NA 12 39 95 12 0 93 NA 1960 8 27 (s) NA 8 43 37 19 0 51 NA 1965 3 10 3 NA 21 45 2 32 5 41 4 1970 14 2 6 6 27 44 R1 84 10 54 4 1971 1 8 4 13 26 43 R1 74 14 36 4 1972 1 3 3 18 31 41 1 85 13 33 4 1973 2 9 4 15 27 35 4 96 19 23 5 1974 3 2 3 14 25 33 2 113 15 14 4 1975 6 1 2 13 26 25 2 102 22 15 3 1976 8 1 2 13 25 26 3 103 30 12 7 1977 50 1 2 10 18 26 2 102 24 6 4 1978 158 3 1 9 20 27 1 111 23 13 2 1979 235 3 1 8 15 23 (s) 146 31 9 5 1980 287 3 1 10 21 23 1 136 29 33 5 1981 228 5 2 18 42 19 2 138 26 118 11 1982 236 74 6 31 65 16 20 156 24 209 5 1983 164 64 6 43 73 16 10 195 20 185 3 1984 181 51 9 30 48 15 6 193 21 190 2 1985 204 67 13 48 62 15 10 187 19 197 1 1986 154 100 18 28 42 23 33 238 22 147 1 1987 151 66 24 24 38 23 35 213 20 186 2 1988 155 69 28 31 49 26 22 231 23 200 7 1989 142 97 27 24 35 19 39 233 26 215 12 1990 109 109 43 28 40 20 55 220 26 211 11 1991 116 215 43 28 41 18 82 235 0 226 15 1992 89 219 43 33 49 16 96 216 0 193 14 1993 98 274 59 26 43 19 105 258 0 123 4 1994 99 234 20 24 38 22 97 261 0 125 20 1995 95 183 26 38 58 25 104 277 0 136 21 1996 110 190 48 28 51 34 104 285 0 102 21 1997 108 152 35 32 50 31 137 306 0 120 22 1998 110 124 26 25 42 25 125 267 0 138 18 1999 118 162 32 33 50 28 111 242 0 129 16 2000 50 173 32 53 74 26 144 319 0 139 20 2001 20 119 29 31 44 26 133 336 0 191 23 2002 9 112 15 55 67 33 124 337 0 177 15 2003 12 R107 R20 R37 R56 R37 125 361 0 197 R22 2004P 27 110 40 28 43 41 124 350 0 205 27 

1 Through 1952, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which it was blended: gasoline,

kerosene, and distillate fuel oil. Through 1964, kerosene-type jet fuel is included with kerosene in "OtherProducts."

2 Includes propylene. 3 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes aviation gasoline. 4 Asphalt and road oil, kerosene, motor gasoline blending components, pentanes plus, waxes, other

hydrocarbons and oxygenates, and miscellaneous products. Through 1964, also includes kerosene-typejet fuel. Beginning in 1964, also includes aviation gasoline.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day. 

Notes: • Includes exports to U.S. possessions and terri

components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/pe

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industr

annual reports. • 1976-1980—Energy Information AdministratStatement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2003—EIA, P• 2004—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2005).
Figure 5.6 Petroleum Exports by Country of Destination

Total Exports and Exports to Canada and Mexico, 1960-2004 By Selected Country, 1960-2004By Selected Country, 2004136 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared. Source: Table 5.6.

Total Exports

Japan

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 

0

100200300400

Thousand Barrels per Day Exports to Canada and Mexico

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

200400600800

1,0001,200

Thousand Barrels per Day Canada 

and

Luxembourg

209

158

63

42 36 32 27 20 18 14 

Mexico Canada Japan Spain Netherlands Italy Brazil Belgium France United 

0

50

100150200250

Thousand Barrels per Day

Kingdo
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 5.6 Petroleum Exports by Country of Destination, 1960-2004

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Belgium

and

Luxembourg Brazil Canada France Italy Japan Mexico

Netherlands South Korea Spain United Kingdom

I

P

1960 3 4 34 4 6 62 18 6 NA NA 12 1961 4 4 23 4 5 59 12 4 NA NA 10 1962 3 5 21 3 5 54 14 5 NA NA 8 1963 9 4 22 4 8 58 19 13 NA NA 11 1964 4 4 27 4 8 56 24 9 NA NA 10 1965 3 3 26 3 7 40 27 10 NA NA 12 1966 3 4 32 4 7 36 39 9 NA NA 12 1967 5 6 50 3 9 51 36 13 NA NA 62 1968 4 8 39 4 8 56 31 10 NA NA 14 1969 4 7 44 4 9 47 33 9 NA NA 13 1970 5 7 31 5 10 69 33 15 NA NA 12 1971 7 9 26 5 8 39 42 11 NA NA 9 1972 13 9 26 5 9 32 41 12 NA 4 10 1973 15 8 31 5 9 34 44 13 NA 4 9 1974 13 9 32 4 9 38 35 17 NA 4 6 1975 9 6 22 6 10 27 42 23 NA 4 7 1976 12 7 28 6 10 25 35 22 NA 4 13 1977 16 6 71 9 10 25 24 17 NA 5 9 1978 15 8 108 9 10 26 27 18 NA 5 7 1979 19 7 100 13 15 34 21 28 2 9 7 1980 20 4 108 11 14 32 28 23 2 8 7 1981 12 1 89 15 22 38 26 42 10 18 5 1982 17 8 85 24 32 68 53 85 28 24 14 1983 22 2 76 23 35 104 24 49 15 34 8 1984 21 1 83 18 39 92 35 37 17 29 14 1985 26 3 74 11 30 108 61 44 27 28 14 1986 30 3 85 11 39 110 56 58 12 39 8 1987 17 2 83 12 42 120 70 39 25 31 6 1988 25 3 84 12 29 124 70 26 24 36 9 1989 23 5 92 11 37 122 89 36 17 28 9 1990 20 2 91 17 48 92 89 54 60 33 11 1991 22 13 70 27 55 95 99 72 66 23 13 1992 22 20 64 9 38 100 124 52 80 21 12 1993 21 16 72 8 34 105 110 45 74 30 10 1994 26 15 78 11 35 74 124 30 66 30 10 1995 21 16 73 11 46 76 125 33 57 38 14 1996 27 29 94 18 32 102 143 43 60 34 9 1997 21 15 119 11 30 95 207 41 50 42 12 1998 14 18 148 8 30 64 235 33 33 30 11 1999 11 27 119 7 25 84 261 38 49 26 9 2000 14 28 110 10 34 90 358 42 20 40 10 2001 16 23 112 13 33 62 274 45 14 51 13 2002 19 26 106 12 29 74 254 23 11 54 12 2003 13 27 R141 9 39 69 R228 15 10 39 6 2004P 20 27 158 18 32 63 209 36 12 42 14 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Page: See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html for related

information.

Sources: • 1960-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industr

annual reports. • 1976-1980—Energy Information AdministratStatement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2003—EIA, P• 2004—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2005).
Figure 5.7 Petroleum Net Imports by Country of Origin, 1960-2004

Total, OPEC, and Non-OPEC By Selected CountryTotal Net Imports as Share of Consumption Net Imports From OPEC138 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Notes: • OPEC=Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. • Because vertical

scales differ, graphs should not be compared.

Source: Table 5.7.

OPEC

NonOPEC

Saudi Arabia

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

2

468

10

12

14

Million Barrels per Day

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 

0

1

2

34

Million Barrels per Day Venezuela

Total

Share of

Total Net Imports

Share of

Consumption

2004: 57.8%

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

255075

100

Percent

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 

0

255075

100

Percent

1985: 27.3%

1973: 34.8%
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 5.7 Petroleum Net Imports by Country of Origin, 1960-2004

Year

Persian

Gulf

Nations 2

Selected OPEC 1 Countries Selected Non-OPEC Countries

Total

Net

Imports

Tota

Impo

Shar

Consum

Algeria Nigeria

Saudi

Arabia Venezuela

Total

OPEC 3 Canada Mexico

United

Kingdom

U.S. Virgin

Islands and

Puerto Rico

Total

Non-OPEC 3

Thousand Barrels per Day 

1960 NA NA 0 84 910 1,311 86 -2 -12 34 302 1,613 161961 NA NA 0 73 878 1,283 167 27 -10 42 460 1,743 171962 NA NA 0 74 905 1,210 229 35 -6 40 703 1,913 181963 NA NA 0 108 899 1,282 243 29 -7 43 632 1,915 171964 NA NA 0 131 932 1,359 272 23 -9 45 698 2,057 181965 NA NA 15 158 994 1,475 297 21 -11 45 806 2,281 191966 NA NA 11 147 1,018 1,470 352 6 -6 58 904 2,375 191967 NA NA 5 92 937 1,258 400 13 -51 89 972 2,230 171968 NA NA 9 74 886 1,302 468 15 13 143 1,307 2,609 191969 NA NA 49 65 875 1,336 564 10 7 186 1,598 2,933 201970 NA NA 50 30 989 1,343 736 9 -1 270 1,817 3,161 211971 NA NA 102 128 1,019 1,671 831 -14 1 365 2,030 3,701 241972 NA NA 251 189 959 2,061 1,082 -20 -1 428 2,458 4,519 271973 NA NA 459 485 1,134 2,991 1,294 -28 6 426 3,034 6,025 341974 NA NA 713 461 978 3,277 1,038 -27 1 475 2,615 5,892 351975 NA NA 762 714 702 3,599 824 29 7 484 2,248 5,846 351976 NA NA 1,025 1,229 699 5,063 571 53 19 488 2,027 7,090 401977 NA NA 1,143 1,379 689 6,190 446 155 117 560 2,375 8,565 461978 NA NA 919 1,142 644 5,747 359 291 173 436 2,255 8,002 421979 NA NA 1,080 1,354 688 5,633 438 418 196 353 2,352 7,985 431980 NA NA 857 1,259 478 4,293 347 506 169 256 2,071 6,365 371981 1,215 311 620 1,128 403 3,315 358 497 370 169 2,086 5,401 331982 692 170 512 551 409 2,136 397 632 442 154 2,163 4,298 281983 439 240 299 336 420 1,843 471 802 374 178 2,469 4,312 281984 502 323 215 324 544 2,037 547 714 388 184 2,679 4,715 301985 309 187 293 167 602 1,821 696 755 295 114 2,465 4,286 271986 909 271 440 685 788 2,828 721 642 342 152 2,611 5,439 331987 1,074 295 535 751 801 3,055 765 585 346 158 2,859 5,914 351988 1,529 300 618 1,064 790 3,513 916 677 306 117 3,074 6,587 381989 1,858 269 815 1,224 861 4,124 839 678 206 212 3,078 7,202 411990 1,962 280 800 1,339 1,016 4,285 843 666 179 213 2,876 7,161 421991 1,833 253 703 1,796 1,020 4,065 963 707 125 153 2,561 6,626 391992 1,773 196 680 1,720 1,161 4,071 1,005 706 219 180 2,867 6,938 401993 1,774 219 736 1,413 1,296 4,253 1,109 809 340 175 3,365 7,618 441994 1,723 243 637 1,402 1,322 4,233 1,194 860 448 246 3,822 8,054 451995 1,563 234 626 1,343 1,468 3,980 1,260 943 369 170 3,906 7,886 441996 1,596 256 616 1,362 1,667 4,193 1,330 1,101 299 262 4,305 8,498 461997 1,747 285 693 1,407 1,758 4,542 1,444 1,178 214 298 4,616 9,158 491998 2,132 290 693 1,491 1,700 4,880 1,451 1,116 239 305 4,884 9,764 511999 2,459 259 655 1,478 1,480 4,934 1,421 1,063 356 284 4,978 9,912 502000 2,483 225 896 1,571 1,530 5,181 1,697 1,015 356 297 5,238 10,419 522001 2,758 278 884 1,662 1,540 5,510 1,717 1,166 311 268 5,390 10,900 552002 2,265 264 620 1,551 1,387 4,589 1,864 1,292 467 224 5,958 10,546 532003 R2,497 R381 R866 R1,774 R1,364 R5,144 R1,932 R1,395 R434 279 R6,094 R11,238 562004P 2,481 439 1,118 1,555 1,515 5,613 1,960 1,433 355 314 6,238 11,851 57

1 Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. See Glossary for membership. 2 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates. 3 Ecuador withdrew from OPEC on December 31, 1992. Through 1992, Ecuador is included in "Total

OPEC"; beginning in 1993, Ecuador is included in "Total Non-OPEC." Gabon withdrew from OPEC onDecember 31, 1994. Through 1994, Gabon is included in "Total OPEC"; beginning in 1995, Gabon isincluded in "Total Non-OPEC." 4 Calculated by dividing total net petroleum imports by total U.S. petroleum products supplied(consumption). 5 Calculated by dividing net petroleum imports from OPEC countries by total net petroleum imports. 6 Calculated by dividing net petroleum imports from OPEC countries by total U.S. petroleum productsupplied (consumption).

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. 

Notes: • The country of origin for refined petroleum product

crude oil from which the refined products were produced. For refineries in the Caribbean may have been produced from Midimports minus exports. Minus sign indicates exports are greater for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which began in 1977. • Tdue to independent rounding.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum

information.

Sources: • 1960-1975—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Year

Products" chapter. • 1976-1980—Energy Information AdministDistricts Supply/Demand, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2003reports. • 2004—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2005
Figure 5.8 Refinery Input and Output, 1949-2004

Refinery Input Refinery Output of Selected Products140 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Source: Table 5.8.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

048

12

16

Million Barrels per Day

1950 1960 1970 1980 

04

8

12

16

Million Barrels per Day

Crude Oil

M

D

Natural Gas Plant Liquids

 and Other Liquids
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 5.8 Refinery Input and Output, Selected Years, 1949-2004

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Refinery Input 1 Refinery Output 2

Crude

Oil 

Natural Gas

Plant

Liquids

Other

Liquids 3

Total

Input

Asphalt

and

Road Oil

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Jet

Fuel 4

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases

Motor

Gasoline 5

Petroleum

Coke

Residual

Fuel Oil

Still

Gas

1949 5,327 234 28 5,588 155 934 4 ( ) 64 2,572 46 1,164 226 1950 5,739 259 19 6,018 179 1,093 4 ( ) 80 2,735 47 1,165 229 1955 7,480 345 32 7,857 251 1,651 155 119 3,648 78 1,152 319 1960 8,067 455 61 8,583 286 1,823 241 212 4,126 164 908 354 1965 9,043 618 88 9,750 357 2,096 523 293 4,507 236 736 395 1970 10,870 763 121 11,754 428 2,454 827 345 5,699 296 706 483 1971 11,199 781 136 12,116 454 2,495 835 357 5,970 299 753 474 1972 11,696 826 168 12,691 446 2,630 847 356 6,281 327 799 507 1973 12,431 815 155 13,401 480 2,820 859 375 6,527 362 971 518 1974 12,133 746 138 13,018 470 2,668 836 338 6,358 339 1,070 521 1975 12,442 710 72 13,225 408 2,653 871 311 6,518 354 1,235 523 1976 13,416 725 59 14,200 391 2,924 918 340 6,838 356 1,377 541 1977 14,602 673 74 15,349 431 3,277 973 352 7,031 369 1,754 572 1978 14,739 639 92 15,470 482 3,167 970 355 7,167 369 1,667 603 1979 14,648 510 78 15,236 467 3,152 1,012 340 6,837 376 1,687 598 1980 13,481 462 81 14,025 393 2,661 999 330 6,492 370 1,580 581 1981 12,470 524 488 13,482 340 2,613 968 315 6,400 390 1,321 565 1982 11,774 515 572 12,861 329 2,606 978 270 6,336 410 1,070 554 1983 11,685 460 505 12,650 372 2,456 1,022 328 6,338 420 852 550 1984 12,044 500 581 13,126 386 2,680 1,132 363 6,453 439 891 559 1985 12,002 509 681 13,192 401 2,686 1,189 391 6,419 455 882 584 1986 12,716 479 711 13,906 410 2,796 1,293 417 6,752 506 889 641 1987 12,854 466 667 13,987 434 2,729 1,343 449 6,841 512 885 643 1988 13,246 511 610 14,367 443 2,857 1,370 499 6,956 544 926 670 1989 13,401 499 613 14,513 424 2,899 1,403 554 6,963 542 954 681 1990 13,409 467 713 14,589 449 2,925 1,488 499 6,959 552 950 673 1991 13,301 472 768 14,541 430 2,962 1,438 536 6,975 568 934 651 1992 13,411 469 745 14,626 419 2,974 1,399 607 7,058 596 892 659 1993 13,613 491 917 15,021 451 3,132 1,422 592 7,304 619 835 653 1994 13,866 465 691 15,023 451 3,205 1,448 611 7,181 622 826 657 1995 13,973 471 775 15,220 467 3,155 1,416 654 7,459 630 788 647 1996 14,195 450 843 15,487 459 3,316 1,515 662 7,565 664 726 654 1997 14,662 416 832 15,909 485 3,392 1,554 691 7,743 689 708 661 1998 14,889 403 853 16,144 498 3,424 1,526 674 7,892 712 762 656 1999 14,804 372 927 16,103 505 3,399 1,565 684 7,934 713 698 656 2000 15,067 380 849 16,295 525 3,580 1,606 705 7,951 727 696 659 2001 15,128 429 825 16,382 485 3,695 1,530 667 8,022 767 721 670 2002 14,947 429 941 16,316 492 3,592 1,514 671 8,183 781 601 667 2003 R15,304 419 R791 R16,513 496 R3,707 1,488 R658 R8,194 798 R660 R702 2004P 15,479 413 858 16,750 507 3,819 1,547 644 8,233 836 650 704 

1 See "Refinery Input" in Glossary. 2 See "Refinery Output" in Glossary. 3 Through 1980, includes unfinished oils (net), other hydrocarbons, and hydrogen; beginning in 1981,

includes unfinished oils (net), other hydrocarbons, hydrogen, and oxygenates. See Note 2, "Adjustment toTotal Petroleum Products Supplied," at end of section.

4 Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which it was blended: in 1952, 71

percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Through 1964, kerosene-type jetfuel is included with kerosene in "Other Products." 5 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes aviation gasoline and special naphthas. 6 Kerosene, lubricants, petrochemical feedstocks, waxes, and miscellaneous products. Through 1964,

also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1964, als

naphthas.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per daNote: Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepeWeb Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/pe

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industr

annual reports. • 1976-1980—Energy Information AdministratStatement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2003—EIA, P• 2004—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2005).
Figure 5.9 Refinery Capacity and Utilization, 1949-2004

Number of Operable Refineries UtilizationCapacity142 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Source: Table 5.9.

324 in 1981

68.6% in 

149 in 2004

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

100200300400

Total Units

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

20406080

100

Percent

Gross Input to Distillation Units

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

05

101520

Million Barrels per Day (Cumulative)

Capacity

Gross Input to Distillation Units

Unused

Capacity
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 5.9 Refinery Capacity and Utilization, Selected Years, 1949-2004

Year

Operable Refineries

Gross Input to

Distillation Units 3

(thousand barrels per day)

Number 

1

Capacity 2

(thousand barrels per day)

1949 336 6,231 5,556 1950 320 6,223 5,980 1955 296 8,386 7,820 1960 309 9,843 8,439 1965 293 10,420 9,557 1970 276 12,021 11,517 1971 272 12,860 11,881 1972 274 13,292 12,431 1973 268 13,642 13,151 1974 273 14,362 12,689 1975 279 14,961 12,902 1976 276 15,237 13,884 1977 282 16,398 14,982 1978 296 17,048 15,071 1979 308 17,441 14,955 1980 319 17,988 13,796 1981 324 18,621 12,752 1982 301 17,890 12,172 1983 258 16,859 11,947 1984 247 16,137 12,216 1985 223 15,659 12,165 1986 216 15,459 12,826 1987 219 15,566 13,003 1988 213 15,915 13,447 1989 204 15,655 13,551 1990 205 15,572 13,610 1991 202 15,676 13,508 1992 199 15,696 13,600 1993 187 15,121 13,851 1994 179 15,034 14,032 1995 175 15,434 14,119 1996 170 15,333 14,337 1997 164 15,452 14,838 1998 163 15,711 15,113 1999 159 16,261 15,080 2000 158 16,512 15,299 2001 155 16,595 15,369 2002 153 16,785 15,180 2003 149 16,757 R15,508 2004P 149 16,894 15,701 

1 Through 1956, includes only those refineries in operation on January 1; beginning in 1957, includes all

"operable" refineries on January 1. See "Operable Refineries" in Glossary. 2 Capacity on January 1. 3 See Note 4, "Gross Input to Distillation Units," at end of section. 4 Through 1980, utilization is derived by dividing gross input to distillation units by one-half of the currentyear January 1 capacity and the following year January 1 capacity. Percentages were derived fromunrounded numbers. Beginning in 1981, utilization is derived by averaging reported monthly utilization.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/petro.html.

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html.

Sources: Operable Refineries: • 1949-1961—Bureau of Mines Information Circular, "Petroleum

Refineries, Including Cracking Plants in the United States." 

Industry Surveys, Petroleum Refineries, Annual, annual repoAdministration (EIA), Energy Data Reports, Petroleum RefineriePetroleum Supply Annual, annual reports. Gross Input to DisMines, Minerals Yearbook, "Natural Gas Liquids" and "Crude Pe

• 1967-1977—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Pet

• 1978-1980—EIA, Energy Data Reports, Petroleum Refineries 

1981-2003—EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports. 

(January-December 2004 issues). Utilization: • 1949-1980—CSupply Annual, annual reports. • 2004—Calculated.
Figure 5.10 Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production

Total, 1949-2004 By Product, 2004By Selected Product, 1949-2004144 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Natural gas plant liquids.2 Liquefied petroleum gases.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Source: Table 5.10.

LPG2

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

500

1,0001,5002,000

Thousand Barrels per Day

NGPL1 687

526

277

Ethane Propane Pentanes 

0

200400600800

Thousand Barrels per Day

Plus 

Is

Norm

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

200400600800

Thousand Barrels per Day Penta
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 5.10 Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production, Selected Years, 1949-2004

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Finished

Petroleum

Products 1

Liquefied Petroleum Gases

Pe

P

Ethane 

2 Isobutane

Normal

Butane 3 Propane 2,3 Total

1949 53 8 11 61 74 155 1950 66 12 13 69 101 195 1955 68 34 30 120 205 390 1960 47 51 45 161 291 549 1965 41 92 67 185 390 734 1970 25 201 84 248 561 1,095 1971 25 221 88 249 586 1,144 1972 21 275 92 249 600 1,215 1973 16 296 92 249 587 1,225 1974 7 323 92 244 569 1,227 1975 7 337 90 237 552 1,217 1976 6 365 82 227 521 1,195 1977 5 397 81 223 513 1,214 1978 3 406 75 210 491 1,182 1979 26 400 104 212 500 1,216 1980 23 396 105 210 494 1,205 1981 18 397 117 224 519 1,256 1982 11 426 109 204 519 1,258 1983 12 456 100 217 541 1,314 1984 4 505 99 203 527 1,334 1985 14 493 127 171 521 1,313 1986 4 485 128 157 508 1,277 1987 4 499 141 157 503 1,300 1988 4 501 144 167 506 1,319 1989 5 ( ) 466 149 151 471 1,237 1990 5 ( ) 477 151 149 474 1,250 1991 5 ( ) 530 169 150 487 1,336 1992 5 ( ) 541 189 137 499 1,365 1993 5 ( ) 556 192 142 513 1,402 1994 5 ( ) 559 195 136 510 1,400 1995 5 ( ) 573 185 151 519 1,428 1996 5 ( ) 627 192 150 525 1,494 1997 5 ( ) 637 191 144 528 1,499 1998 5 ( ) 607 181 148 513 1,450 1999 5 ( ) 675 187 155 529 1,547 2000 5 ( ) 717 188 160 539 1,605 2001 5 ( ) 692 198 133 538 1,562 2002 5 ( ) 700 201 131 549 1,581 2003 5 ( ) 625 R183 R129 R506 R1,444 2004P 5 ( ) 687 168 153 526 1,534 

1 Motor gasoline, aviation gasoline, special naphthas, distillate fuel oil, and miscellaneous products. 2 Reported production of ethane-propane mixtures has been allocated 70 percent ethane and 30

percent propane.

3 Reported production of butane-propane mixtures has been allocated 60 percent butane and 40

percent propane.

4 Through 1983, "Pentanes Plus" was reported separately as natural gasoline, isopentane, and plant

condensate.

5 Beginning in 1989, data for finished petroleum products production from natural gas processing plants

are not available.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepeWeb Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/pe

Sources: • 1949-1968—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yea

Products" chapter. • 1969-1975—Bureau of Mines, MineraAnnual, annual reports. • 1976-1980—Energy Information APetroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2003reports. • 2004—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 200
Figure 5.11 Petroleum Products Supplied by Type

By Selected Product, 1949-2004By Product, 2004 Motor Gasoline’s Share of Total Petroleum Pro

1949-2004

146 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Liquefied petroleum gases.2Aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants, natural gasoline, pentanes plus, petrochemical

feedstocks, petroleum coke, special napthas, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, miscellaneousproducts, and crude oil burned as fuel.

Source: 5.11.

Distillate Fuel Oil

Motor Gasoline

Residual Fuel Oil

L

9.1

4.1

2.1

1.6

0.8 0.5

2.3

Motor Distillate LPG1 Jet Residual Asphalt Other2

0

2

468

10

Million Barrels per Day

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

2

468

10

Million Barrels per Day

Gasoline

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

1020304050

Percent

and

Road Oil

Fuel Oil Fuel Fuel Oil
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 5.11 Petroleum Products Supplied by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2004

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Asphalt and

Road Oil

Aviation

Gasoline

Distillate

Fuel Oil Jet Fuel 1 Kerosene

Liquefied Petroleum Gases

Lubricants

Motor

Gasoline 3

Petroleum

Coke

Residual

Fuel Oil O

Propane 2 Total 

1949 157 93 902 1 ( ) 281 NA 187 91 2,410 40 1,359 1950 180 108 1,082 1 ( ) 323 NA 234 106 2,616 41 1,517 1955 254 192 1,592 154 320 NA 404 116 3,463 67 1,526 1960 302 161 1,872 371 271 NA 621 117 3,969 149 1,529 1965 368 120 2,126 602 267 NA 841 129 4,593 202 1,608 1970 447 55 2,540 967 263 776 1,224 136 5,785 212 2,204 1971 458 49 2,661 1,010 249 794 1,251 135 6,014 219 2,296 1972 468 46 2,913 1,045 235 893 1,420 144 6,376 241 2,529 1973 522 45 3,092 1,059 216 872 1,449 162 6,674 261 2,822 1974 481 44 2,948 993 176 830 1,406 155 6,537 239 2,639 1975 419 39 2,851 1,001 159 783 1,333 137 6,675 247 2,462 1976 411 37 3,133 987 169 830 1,404 152 6,978 243 2,801 1977 436 38 3,352 1,039 175 821 1,422 160 7,177 268 3,071 1978 479 39 3,432 1,057 175 778 1,413 172 7,412 256 3,023 1979 476 38 3,311 1,076 188 849 1,592 180 7,034 246 2,826 1980 396 35 2,866 1,068 158 754 1,469 159 6,579 237 2,508 1981 342 31 2,829 1,007 127 773 1,466 153 6,588 252 2,088 1982 342 25 2,671 1,013 129 798 1,499 140 6,539 248 1,716 1983 373 26 2,690 1,046 127 751 1,509 146 6,622 229 1,421 1984 408 24 2,845 1,175 115 833 1,572 156 6,693 247 1,369 1985 425 27 2,868 1,218 114 883 1,599 145 6,831 264 1,202 1986 448 32 2,914 1,307 98 831 1,512 142 7,034 268 1,418 1987 467 25 2,976 1,385 95 924 1,612 161 7,206 299 1,264 1988 468 27 3,122 1,449 96 923 1,656 155 7,336 312 1,378 1989 453 26 3,157 1,489 84 990 1,668 159 7,328 307 1,370 1990 483 24 3,021 1,522 43 917 1,556 164 7,235 339 1,229 1991 444 23 2,921 1,471 46 982 1,689 146 7,188 328 1,158 1992 454 22 2,979 1,454 41 1,032 1,755 149 7,268 382 1,094 1993 474 21 3,041 1,469 50 1,006 1,734 152 7,476 366 1,080 1994 484 21 3,162 1,527 49 1,082 1,880 159 7,601 361 1,021 1995 486 21 3,207 1,514 54 1,096 1,899 156 7,789 365 852 1996 484 20 3,365 1,578 62 1,136 2,012 151 7,891 379 848 1997 505 22 3,435 1,599 66 1,170 2,038 160 8,017 377 797 1998 521 19 3,461 1,622 78 1,120 1,952 168 8,253 447 887 1999 547 21 3,572 1,673 73 1,246 2,195 169 8,431 477 830 2000 525 20 3,722 1,725 67 1,235 2,231 166 8,472 406 909 2001 519 19 3,847 1,655 72 1,142 2,044 153 8,610 437 811 2002 512 18 3,776 1,614 43 1,248 2,163 151 8,848 463 700 2003 503 R16 R3,927 R1,578 55 R1,215 R2,074 R140 R8,935 R455 772 R2004P 511 17 4,059 1,617 64 1,274 2,140 135 9,063 517 804 

1 Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which it was blended: in 1952, 71

percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 1952, includesnaphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1957, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel.

2 Includes propylene. 3 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, also

includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 4 Pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and miscellaneous products. Beginning in 1964, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1981, also includes negative barrels perday of distillate and residual fuel oil reclassified as unfinished oils, and other products (from both primaryand secondary supply) reclassified as gasoline blending components. Beginning in 1983, also includescrude oil burned as fuel.

5 Percent change from previous year calculated from data in thousand barrels per year.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. — = Not applNotes: • Petroleum product supplied is an approximation of 

with the term "petroleum consumption" in Section 1 and Tab"Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," Products Supplied," and Note 3, "Changes Affecting PetroStatistics," at end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of com

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/pe

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industr

annual reports. • 1976-1980—Energy Information AdministratStatement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2003—EIA, P• 2004—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2005).
Figure 5.12 Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied

Petroleum Products Supplied Share Total Petroleum and Motor Gasoline Product Sof Total Energy Consumption, 1949-2004 1949-2004By Product, 2004 By Selected Product, 1949-2004148 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Liquefied petroleum gases.2 Aviation gasoline, kerosene, lubricants, pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and miscellaneous products.

Sources: Tables 1.3 and 5.12.

40%

 in 2004

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

204060

Percent

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

1020304050

Quadrillion Btu

Peak

47% in 1978

46% in 1973

Moto

Motor 

Total Petroleum

Fuel Oil

37% in 1949

1950 1960 1970 1980 

05

101520

Quadrillion Btu

17.3

8.7

3.4 2.8

1.9 1.2

4.9

Motor Distillate Jet LPG1 Residual Asphalt Other2

05

101520

Quadrillion Btu

Gasoline Fuel Fuel Oil and

Road Oil
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 5.12 Heat Content of Petroleum Products Supplied, Selected Years, 1949-2004

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Asphalt and

Road Oil

Aviation

Gasoline

Distillate

Fuel Oil Jet Fuel 1 Kerosene

Liquefied Petroleum Gases

Lubricants

Motor

Gasoline 3

Petroleum

Coke

Residual

Fuel Oil 

Propane 

2 Total

1949 380 172 1,918 1 ( ) 582 NA 274 201 4,621 87 3,118 1950 435 199 2,300 1 ( ) 668 NA 343 236 5,015 90 3,482 1955 615 354 3,385 301 662 NA 592 258 6,640 147 3,502 1960 734 298 3,992 739 563 NA 912 259 7,631 328 3,517 1965 890 222 4,519 1,215 553 NA 1,232 286 8,806 444 3,691 1970 1,082 100 5,401 1,973 544 1,086 1,689 301 11,091 465 5,057 1971 1,108 90 5,658 2,061 515 1,111 1,723 299 11,532 481 5,269 1972 1,137 85 6,210 2,141 487 1,254 1,955 320 12,259 532 5,820 1973 1,264 83 6,575 2,167 447 1,221 1,981 359 12,797 573 6,477 1974 1,165 82 6,267 2,030 365 1,163 1,914 344 12,535 524 6,056 1975 1,014 71 6,061 2,047 329 1,097 1,807 304 12,798 542 5,649 1976 998 67 6,679 2,026 351 1,166 1,907 338 13,415 537 6,445 1977 1,056 70 7,126 2,126 363 1,150 1,908 354 13,760 589 7,047 1978 1,160 71 7,296 2,164 363 1,089 1,892 380 14,211 562 6,936 1979 1,153 70 7,039 2,204 389 1,189 2,138 397 13,487 541 6,485 1980 962 64 6,110 2,190 329 1,059 1,976 354 12,648 522 5,772 1981 828 56 6,014 2,062 263 1,082 1,949 339 12,631 553 4,791 1982 829 47 5,679 2,072 266 1,117 1,978 309 12,538 545 3,939 1983 904 48 5,720 2,141 263 1,051 1,990 324 12,697 503 3,260 1984 992 44 6,065 2,414 239 1,170 2,071 346 12,867 545 3,151 1985 1,029 50 6,098 2,497 236 1,236 2,103 322 13,098 582 2,759 1986 1,086 59 6,196 2,682 203 1,163 2,009 315 13,487 590 3,255 1987 1,130 46 6,328 2,843 196 1,294 2,153 356 13,816 657 2,901 1988 1,136 49 6,655 2,982 200 1,296 2,213 343 14,105 687 3,170 1989 1,096 48 6,712 3,059 174 1,387 2,243 352 14,050 676 3,144 1990 1,170 45 6,422 3,129 88 1,284 2,059 362 13,872 745 2,820 1991 1,077 42 6,210 3,025 96 1,374 2,227 324 13,781 722 2,657 1992 1,102 41 6,351 3,001 86 1,449 2,328 330 13,973 843 2,518 1993 1,149 38 6,466 3,028 103 1,409 2,282 337 14,335 804 2,479 1994 1,173 38 6,723 3,154 101 1,515 2,494 352 14,511 793 2,342 1995 1,178 40 6,818 3,132 112 1,534 2,512 346 14,825 802 1,955 1996 1,176 37 7,175 3,274 128 1,594 2,660 335 15,064 837 1,952 1997 1,224 40 7,304 3,308 136 1,638 2,690 354 15,254 829 1,828 1998 1,263 35 7,359 3,357 162 1,568 2,575 371 15,701 982 2,036 1999 1,324 39 7,595 3,462 151 1,745 2,897 375 16,036 1,048 1,905 2000 1,276 36 7,935 3,580 140 1,734 2,945 369 16,155 895 2,091 2001 1,257 35 8,179 3,426 150 1,598 2,697 338 16,373 961 1,861 2002 1,240 34 8,028 3,340 90 1,747 2,852 334 16,819 1,018 1,605 2003 R1,220 R30 R8,349 R3,265 113 R1,701 R2,747 R309 R16,981 R1,000 1,772 2004P 1,242 31 8,653 3,355 133 1,789 2,836 300 17,298 1,141 1,850 

1 Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which it was blended: in 1952, 71

percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 1952, includesnaphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1957, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel.

2 Includes propylene. 3 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, also

includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 4 Pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and miscellaneous products. Beginning in 1964, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1981, also includes negative barrels perday of distillate and residual fuel oil reclassified as unfinished oils, and other products (from both primaryand secondary supply) reclassified as gasoline blending components. Beginning in 1983, also includes

crude oil burned as fuel.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. — = Not applNotes: • Petroleum product supplied is an approximation of 

with the term "petroleum consumption" in Section 1 and Tab"Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," Products Supplied," and Note 3, "Changes Affecting PetroStatistics," at end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of com

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/pe

Sources: Tables 5.11, A1, and A3.
Figure 5.13a Estimated Petroleum Consumption by Sector

By Sector, 1949-2004By Sector, 2004 End Use and Electric Power Shares, 1949 and 150 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Includes combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of electricity-only plants.2 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants whose primary business is to sell

electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

Note: See related Figure 5.13b.Sources: Tables 5.13a–5.13d.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

05

1015

Million Barrels per DayTransportation

Residential and Commercial1

Industrial1

0.9 0.4

5.1

13.6

0.5

Residential Commercial1 Industrial1 Transportation Electric

05

1015

Million Barrels per Day

4 2

25

10

6

28

Residential Commercial1 Industrial1 

0

255075

Percent

1949 2004

Power2 
Figure 5.13b Estimated Petroleum Consumption by Product by Sector, 1949-2004

Residential and Commercial1 Sectors, Selected Products Industrial1 Sector, Selected ProductsTransportation Sector, Selected Products Electric Power Sector3

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

1 Includes combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of electricity-only plants.2 Liquefied petroleum gases.3 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

Notes: • See related Figure 5.13a. • Because vertica

compared.

Sources: Tables 5.13a–5.13d.

Distillate Fuel Oil

Residual Fuel Oil

LPG2

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0.00.51.01.5

Million Barrels per Day

Kerosene

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 198

0.00.51.01.52.0

Million Barrels per Day

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0369

12

Million Barrels per Day Motor Gasoline

Distillate Fuel Oil

Jet Fuel

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 198

0.00.51.01.52.0

Million Barrels per Day

Petroleum
152 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Table 5.13a Estimated Petroleum Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors, Selected 

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

End-Use Sectors

Residential Sector Commercial Sector

Distillate

Fuel Oil Kerosene

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases Total

Distillate Fuel Oil

Kerosene

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases

Motor

Gasoline 3

Petroleum

Coke

R

CHP 

1 Other 2 Total CHP 1 

1949 329 140 90 559 4 ( ) 104 104 19 16 48 NA 4 ( ) 1950 390 168 112 670 4 ( ) 123 123 23 20 52 NA 4 ( ) 1955 562 179 155 896 4 ( ) 177 177 24 27 69 NA 4 ( ) 1960 736 171 234 1,140 4 ( ) 232 232 23 41 35 NA 4 ( ) 1965 805 161 296 1,263 4 ( ) 251 251 26 52 40 NA 4 ( ) 1970 883 144 420 1,447 4 ( ) 276 276 30 74 45 NA 4 ( ) 1971 892 143 425 1,460 4 ( ) 280 280 27 75 44 NA 4 ( ) 1972 936 131 456 1,523 4 ( ) 296 296 27 81 45 NA 4 ( ) 1973 942 110 435 1,487 4 ( ) 303 303 31 77 45 NA 4 ( ) 1974 867 89 401 1,357 4 ( ) 280 280 26 71 43 NA 4 ( ) 1975 850 78 389 1,316 4 ( ) 276 276 24 69 46 NA 4 ( ) 1976 932 89 404 1,425 4 ( ) 308 308 21 71 50 NA 4 ( ) 1977 938 81 397 1,416 4 ( ) 318 318 25 70 52 NA 4 ( ) 1978 917 74 386 1,377 4 ( ) 313 313 26 68 56 NA 4 ( ) 1979 765 64 264 1,093 4 ( ) 274 274 38 47 54 NA 4 ( ) 1980 617 51 242 911 4 ( ) 243 243 20 43 56 NA 4 ( ) 1981 540 41 234 815 4 ( ) 215 215 34 41 48 NA 4 ( ) 1982 494 46 224 764 4 ( ) 207 207 15 40 46 NA 4 ( ) 1983 435 41 267 743 4 ( ) 306 306 54 47 53 NA 4 ( ) 1984 512 42 220 774 4 ( ) 345 345 45 39 56 NA 4 ( ) 1985 514 77 249 839 4 ( ) 297 297 16 44 50 NA 4 ( ) 1986 523 59 243 825 4 ( ) 293 293 24 43 55 NA 4 ( ) 1987 544 57 269 870 4 ( ) 286 286 24 48 58 NA 4 ( ) 1988 558 69 267 894 4 ( ) 281 281 13 47 57 NA 4 ( ) 1989 546 57 299 901 3 267 270 13 53 53 0 2 1990 460 31 276 767 3 249 252 6 49 58 0 3 1991 438 35 295 768 2 241 243 6 52 44 0 2 1992 460 31 288 779 1 236 238 5 51 41 (s) 2 1993 458 37 303 797 2 230 232 7 53 15 (s) 2 1994 451 31 298 781 3 233 236 9 53 13 (s) 2 1995 426 36 306 767 2 223 225 11 54 10 (s) 1 1996 434 43 358 835 2 225 227 10 63 14 (s) 1 1997 411 45 349 805 3 206 209 12 62 22 (s) 1 1998 363 52 329 744 2 199 202 15 58 20 (s) 3 1999 389 54 404 847 2 204 206 13 71 15 (s) 2 2000 424 46 427 897 2 228 230 14 75 23 (s) 2 2001 427 46 406 879 3 236 239 15 72 20 (s) 2 2002 R404 R29 R412 R845 2 R207 R209 R8 R73 R24 (s) 1 2003 RP425 RP37 RP395 RP857 R2 RP225 RP226 RP10 RP70 RP24 (s) 2 2004 P443 P43 P407 P893 P2 P234 P236 P11 P72 P24 P (s) P2 

1 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of commercial electricity-only

plants. See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8.

2 All commercial sector fuel use other than that in "CHP." 3 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, also

includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 4 Included in "Other."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day. Notes: • For total petroleum consumption by all sectors, see petroleum product supplied data in Table

5.11. Petroleum product supplied is an approximation of petroleum consumption and is synonymous with

the term "petroleum consumption" in Section 1 and Tables 5.13a

Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of scomponents due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/state

Sources: CHP and Petroleum Coke: Table 8.7c. All Oth

Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Statement, Annual, aAdministration (EIA) estimates. • 1960-2002—EIA, "State EneU.S. Tables 8 and 9. • 2003 and 2004—EIA estimates.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 5.13b Estimated Petroleum Consumption: Industrial Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2004

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

End-Use Sectors

Industrial Sector

Asphalt

and

Road Oil

Distillate Fuel Oil

Kerosene

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases Lubricants

Motor

Gasoline 3

Petroleum Coke Residual Fue

CHP 

1 Other 2 Total CHP 1 Other 2 Total CHP 1 Other 2 

1949 157 5 ( ) 265 265 123 80 36 121 5 ( ) 40 40 5 ( ) 534 1950 180 5 ( ) 328 328 132 100 43 131 5 ( ) 41 41 5 ( ) 617 1955 254 5 ( ) 466 466 116 212 47 173 5 ( ) 67 67 5 ( ) 686 1960 302 5 ( ) 476 476 78 333 48 198 5 ( ) 149 149 5 ( ) 689 1965 368 5 ( ) 541 541 80 470 62 179 5 ( ) 202 202 5 ( ) 689 1970 447 5 ( ) 577 577 89 699 70 150 5 ( ) 203 203 5 ( ) 708 1971 458 5 ( ) 596 596 80 715 69 143 5 ( ) 211 211 5 ( ) 705 1972 468 5 ( ) 648 648 77 846 73 132 5 ( ) 233 233 5 ( ) 765 1973 522 5 ( ) 691 691 75 902 88 133 5 ( ) 254 254 5 ( ) 809 1974 481 5 ( ) 633 633 61 901 85 123 5 ( ) 230 230 5 ( ) 753 1975 419 5 ( ) 630 630 58 844 68 116 5 ( ) 246 246 5 ( ) 658 1976 411 5 ( ) 717 717 59 895 75 110 5 ( ) 242 242 5 ( ) 792 1977 436 5 ( ) 809 809 69 918 82 102 5 ( ) 266 266 5 ( ) 844 1978 479 5 ( ) 823 823 75 921 88 93 5 ( ) 250 250 5 ( ) 748 1979 476 5 ( ) 830 830 86 1,266 92 84 5 ( ) 243 243 5 ( ) 721 1980 396 5 ( ) 621 621 87 1,172 82 82 5 ( ) 234 234 5 ( ) 586 1981 342 5 ( ) 653 653 52 1,166 79 83 5 ( ) 250 250 5 ( ) 471 1982 342 5 ( ) 617 617 68 1,211 72 72 5 ( ) 246 246 5 ( ) 456 1983 373 5 ( ) 537 537 32 1,166 75 59 5 ( ) 225 225 5 ( ) 345 1984 408 5 ( ) 564 564 28 1,283 80 83 5 ( ) 244 244 5 ( ) 386 1985 425 5 ( ) 526 526 21 1,285 75 114 5 ( ) 261 261 5 ( ) 326 1986 448 5 ( ) 546 546 16 1,207 73 108 5 ( ) 264 264 5 ( ) 321 1987 467 5 ( ) 537 537 14 1,279 83 107 5 ( ) 294 294 5 ( ) 253 1988 468 5 ( ) 530 530 14 1,326 80 100 5 ( ) 306 306 5 ( ) 237 1989 453 5 531 536 14 1,300 82 104 5 295 300 58 121 1990 483 7 534 541 6 1,215 84 97 25 300 325 64 115 1991 444 12 495 507 5 1,326 75 101 22 293 315 55 91 1992 454 10 509 519 5 1,402 77 101 26 336 362 59 109 1993 474 10 515 525 6 1,363 78 94 22 308 330 65 129 1994 484 10 513 522 8 1,505 82 101 25 304 329 69 113 1995 486 6 526 532 7 1,527 80 105 26 302 328 60 87 1996 484 8 549 557 9 1,580 78 105 27 317 343 66 80 1997 505 8 558 566 9 1,617 82 111 37 294 331 56 71 1998 521 16 554 570 11 1,553 86 105 29 362 390 60 40 1999 547 16 542 558 6 1,709 87 80 31 395 426 52 38 2000 525 10 553 563 8 1,720 86 79 19 342 361 48 57 2001 519 9 602 611 11 1,557 79 155 15 375 390 46 42 2002 512 6 R561 R566 7 R1,668 78 R163 21 362 383 37 R46 2003 P503 R10 RP525 RP534 P8 RP1,600 RP72 RP164 R17 RP358 P375 38 RP58 2004 P511 P5 P552 P556 P10 P1,651 P70 P166 P13 P411 P425 P44 P59 

1 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of industrial electricity-only plants. 

See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8.

2 All industrial sector fuel use other than that in "CHP." 3 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, also

includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 4 Pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and miscellaneous products. Beginning in 1964, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1983, also includes crude oil burned asfuel.5 Included in "Other."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • For total petroleum consumption by all sectors, see petroleum product supplied data in Table

5.11. Petroleum product supplied is an approximation of petrol

the term "petroleum consumption" in Section 1 and Tables 5.13aProducts Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of scomponents due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/state

Sources: CHP: Table 8.7c. All Other Data: • 1949-1959—

Petroleum Statement, Annual, annual reports, and Energy In• 1960-2002—EIA, "State Energy Data 2002: Consumption" 2004—EIA estimates.
154 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Table 5.13c Estimated Petroleum Consumption: Transportation Sector and End-Use Total, Selec

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

End-Use Sectors

Transportation

Aviation

Gasoline

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Jet Fuel

Liquefied

Petroleum Gases Lubricants

Motor

Gasoline 2

Residual

Kerosene Type Total Fuel Oil 

1

1949 93 190 0 1 ( ) 1 54 2,241 504 1950 108 226 0 1 ( ) 2 64 2,433 524 1955 192 372 0 154 9 70 3,221 440 1960 161 418 91 371 13 68 3,736 367 1965 120 514 334 602 23 67 4,374 336 1970 55 738 718 967 32 66 5,589 332 1971 49 800 751 1,010 37 67 5,827 305 1972 46 910 779 1,021 38 71 6,199 280 1973 45 1,045 825 1,042 35 74 6,496 317 1974 44 1,036 757 979 33 71 6,372 304 1975 39 998 782 992 31 70 6,512 310 1976 37 1,073 777 976 33 77 6,817 358 1977 38 1,171 814 1,022 36 78 7,022 396 1978 39 1,260 845 1,044 38 83 7,264 431 1979 38 1,366 867 1,067 16 87 6,896 535 1980 35 1,311 845 1,062 13 77 6,441 608 1981 31 1,365 808 1,005 24 74 6,456 531 1982 25 1,312 803 1,011 24 68 6,421 444 1983 26 1,367 839 1,046 29 71 6,510 358 1984 24 1,383 953 1,175 30 76 6,554 351 1985 27 1,491 1,005 1,218 21 71 6,667 342 1986 32 1,514 1,105 1,307 19 69 6,871 379 1987 25 1,568 1,181 1,385 15 78 7,041 392 1988 27 1,701 1,236 1,449 17 75 7,179 399 1989 26 1,734 1,284 1,489 16 77 7,171 423 1990 24 1,722 1,340 1,522 16 80 7,080 443 1991 23 1,694 1,296 1,471 15 71 7,042 447 1992 22 1,728 1,310 1,454 14 72 7,125 465 1993 21 1,785 1,357 1,469 14 74 7,367 393 1994 21 1,896 1,480 1,527 24 77 7,487 385 1995 21 1,973 1,497 1,514 13 76 7,674 397 1996 20 2,096 1,575 1,578 11 73 7,772 370 1997 22 2,198 1,598 1,599 10 78 7,883 310 1998 19 2,263 1,623 1,622 13 81 8,128 294 1999 21 2,352 1,675 1,673 10 82 8,336 290 2000 20 2,422 1,725 1,725 8 81 8,370 386 2001 19 2,489 1,656 1,655 10 74 8,435 255 2002 18 R2,536 1,621 1,614 10 73 R8,662 R295 2003P R16 R2,665 R1,578 R1,578 10 R68 R8,747 R249 2004P 17 2,774 1,617 1,617 10 66 8,872 266 

1 Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which jet fuel was blended: in

1952, 71 percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 1952,includes naphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1957, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. 2 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, alsoincludes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • For total petroleum consumption by all sectors, see petroleum product supplied data in Table

5.11. Petroleum product supplied is an approximation of petroleum consumption and is synonymous with

the term "petroleum consumption" in Section 1 and Tables 5.13a

Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption," at end of scomponents due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/state

Sources: • 1949-1959—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industr

annual reports, and Energy Information Administration (EIA) estData 2002: Consumption" (July 2005), U.S. Table 11. • 2003 an
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 5.13d Petroleum Consumption: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2004

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Electric Power Sector 1

Electricity Only Combined Heat and Power (CHP) 

Distillate

Fuel Oil 2

Petroleum

Coke

Residual

Fuel Oil 3 Total

Distillate

Fuel Oil 2

Petroleum

Coke

Residual

Fuel Oil 3 Total

Distillate

Fuel Oil 2

Petrole

Coke

1949 13 NA 169 182 NA NA NA NA 13 NA 1950 15 NA 192 207 NA NA NA NA 15 NA 1955 15 NA 191 206 NA NA NA NA 15 NA 1960 10 NA 231 241 NA NA NA NA 10 NA 1965 14 NA 302 316 NA NA NA NA 14 NA 1970 66 9 853 928 NA NA NA NA 66 1971 94 8 992 1,095 NA NA NA NA 94 1972 146 9 1,203 1,358 NA NA NA NA 146 1973 129 7 1,406 1,542 NA NA NA NA 129 1974 146 9 1,324 1,478 NA NA NA NA 146 1975 107 1 1,280 1,388 NA NA NA NA 107 1976 114 1 1,405 1,520 NA NA NA NA 114 1977 134 1 1,575 1,710 NA NA NA NA 134 1978 130 5 1,612 1,747 NA NA NA NA 130 1979 84 4 1,350 1,437 NA NA NA NA 84 4 1980 79 2 1,069 1,151 NA NA NA NA 79 2 1981 58 2 904 964 NA NA NA NA 58 2 1982 42 2 642 686 NA NA NA NA 42 2 1983 45 4 627 676 NA NA NA NA 45 4 1984 42 3 517 562 NA NA NA NA 42 1985 40 3 435 478 NA NA NA NA 40 1986 39 4 592 636 NA NA NA NA 39 4 1987 42 5 504 551 NA NA NA NA 42 1988 51 6 627 683 NA NA NA NA 51 19894 70 7 663 740 2 0 6 8 72 1990 41 14 497 551 4 0 10 15 45 14 1991 38 13 469 520 1 0 4 5 39 11992 33 18 371 422 2 2 8 12 34 21993 37 21 409 467 4 15 9 27 41 31994 46 16 369 431 11 15 10 36 56 31995 44 15 237 296 7 22 9 38 51 31996 47 14 263 325 4 22 10 36 51 31997 48 23 301 373 4 23 10 37 52 41998 61 30 448 539 3 26 8 37 64 51999 63 26 409 497 3 25 9 38 66 52000 77 20 370 466 6 25 8 39 82 42001 76 25 430 531 4 22 7 33 80 42002 59 54 281 394 1 26 6 33 60 82003 R71 R66 R373 R510 5 R14 R6 R24 R76 72004P 48 77 378 503 2 16 6 24 50 9

1 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North American

Industry Classification System) 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity andheat, to the public. Electric utility CHP plants are included in "Electricity Only."

2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1949-1979, data are for gas turbine and internal combustion plant use of

petroleum. For 1980-2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.

3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1949-1979, data are for steam plant use of petroleum. For 1980-2000,

electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4.

4 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and

independent power producers.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. 

Notes: • For total petroleum consumption by all sectors, se

5.11. Petroleum product supplied is an approximation of petrolthe term "petroleum consumption" in Section 1, and Tables 5.13for the amount of petroleum used to produce electricity and Taused to produce useful thermal output. • See Note 1, "PetConsumption," at end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of 

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric

Sources: Tables 8.5b, 8.5c, 8.6b, and 8.7b.
Figure 5.14 Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption by Product by Sector, 1949-2004

Residential and Commercial1 Sectors, Selected Products Industrial1 Sector, Selected Products

Transportation Sector, Selected Products Electric Power Sector3

156 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Includes combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of electricity-only plants.2 Liquefied petroleum gases.3 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants whose primary business is to sell

electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Sources: Tables 5.14a–5.14c.

Petroleum

Distillate Fuel Oil

Residual Fuel Oil LPG2

Kerosene

Distillate Fuel Oil

LPG2

Asphalt and

Road Oil

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0.00.51.01.52.02.5

Quadrillion Btu

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0.00.51.01.52.02.53.0

Quadrillion Btu

Motor Gasoline

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

1

2

345

Quadrillion Btu

Jet Fuel

Distillate Fuel Oil

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

05

101520

Quadrillion Btu
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 5.14a Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Residential and Commercial Sectors, Sele

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Residential Sector Commercial Sector

Distillate

Fuel Oil Kerosene

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases Total

Distillate

Fuel Oil Kerosene

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases

Motor

Gasoline 1

Petroleum

Coke

1949 700 289 132 1,121 221 39 23 92 NA 1950 829 347 164 1,340 262 47 29 100 NA 1955 1,194 371 227 1,792 377 51 40 133 NA 1960 1,568 354 343 2,265 494 48 61 67 NA 1965 1,713 334 434 2,481 534 54 77 77 NA 1970 1,878 298 579 2,755 587 61 102 86 NA 1971 1,897 295 585 2,777 595 55 103 84 NA 1972 1,996 271 628 2,895 632 55 111 87 NA 1973 2,003 227 595 2,825 644 65 105 87 NA 1974 1,844 184 546 2,573 596 55 96 83 NA 1975 1,807 161 528 2,495 587 49 93 89 NA 1976 1,987 184 549 2,720 656 44 97 97 NA 1977 1,994 167 533 2,695 676 52 94 101 NA 1978 1,951 153 516 2,620 666 55 91 107 NA 1979 1,626 133 355 2,114 584 78 63 104 NA 1980 1,316 107 325 1,748 518 41 57 107 NA 1981 1,147 85 311 1,543 457 69 55 92 NA 1982 1,050 95 296 1,441 440 30 52 88 NA 1983 924 85 352 1,362 651 111 62 102 NA 1984 1,091 88 290 1,468 735 93 51 107 NA 1985 1,092 159 327 1,578 631 33 58 96 NA 1986 1,111 121 323 1,556 623 50 57 106 NA 1987 1,156 119 360 1,634 607 49 63 111 NA 1988 1,190 144 356 1,690 600 26 63 110 NA 1989 1,160 117 402 1,679 574 28 71 102 0 1990 978 64 365 1,407 536 12 64 111 0 1991 930 72 389 1,392 517 12 69 85 0 1992 980 65 382 1,427 507 11 68 80 (s) 1993 974 76 399 1,448 493 14 70 30 (s) 1994 960 65 395 1,420 501 19 70 25 (s) 1995 905 74 404 1,383 479 22 71 18 (s) 1996 926 89 473 1,488 483 21 84 27 (s) 1997 874 93 461 1,428 444 25 81 43 (s) 1998 772 108 434 1,314 429 31 77 39 (s) 1999 828 111 534 1,473 438 27 94 28 (s) 2000 905 95 564 1,563 491 30 99 45 (s) 2001 908 95 535 1,539 508 31 94 37 (s) 2002 R860 R60 R543 R1,462 R444 R16 R96 R45 (s) 2003E R905 R76 R523 R1,503 R481 R20 R92 R46 (s) 2004E 944 89 540 1,572 502 24 95 46 (s) 

1 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, also

includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline.

R=Revised. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. Notes: • For total heat content of petroleum consumption by all sectors, see data for heat content of

petroleum products supplied in Table 5.12. Petroleum product supplied is an approximation of petroleum

consumption and is synonymous with the term "petroleum cons

and 5.14a-c. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to 

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/sed

Sources: Tables 5.13a, A1, and A3.
158 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Table 5.14b Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Industrial Sector, Selected Years, 1949-20

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Industrial Sector

Asphalt

and

Road Oil

Distillate

Fuel Oil Kerosene

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases Lubricants

Motor

Gasoline 1 Petroleum Coke

Residual

Fuel Oil

1949 380 564 254 117 80 231 87 1,225 1950 435 698 274 147 94 251 90 1,416 1955 615 991 241 310 103 332 147 1,573 1960 734 1,016 161 489 107 381 328 1,584 1965 890 1,150 165 688 137 342 444 1,582 1970 1,082 1,226 185 964 155 288 446 1,624 1971 1,108 1,266 165 984 152 275 463 1,618 1972 1,137 1,381 160 1,164 163 254 513 1,761 1973 1,264 1,469 156 1,233 195 255 558 1,858 1974 1,165 1,346 126 1,227 187 235 506 1,728 1975 1,014 1,339 119 1,144 149 223 540 1,509 1976 998 1,530 123 1,216 166 211 535 1,822 1977 1,056 1,719 143 1,232 182 196 586 1,937 1978 1,160 1,750 156 1,233 195 178 550 1,716 1979 1,153 1,764 177 1,700 204 162 533 1,655 1980 962 1,324 181 1,577 182 158 516 1,349 1981 828 1,389 108 1,551 175 160 549 1,081 1982 829 1,313 141 1,598 159 138 541 1,047 1983 904 1,142 66 1,537 167 112 495 791 1984 992 1,203 58 1,691 178 160 538 889 1985 1,029 1,119 44 1,690 166 218 575 748 1986 1,086 1,160 32 1,603 162 206 581 736 1987 1,130 1,141 28 1,709 183 206 646 582 1988 1,136 1,130 30 1,772 177 193 675 546 1989 1,096 1,139 30 1,748 181 199 660 410 1990 1,170 1,150 12 1,608 186 185 714 411 1991 1,077 1,078 11 1,749 167 193 693 334 1992 1,102 1,107 10 1,860 170 194 798 387 1993 1,149 1,117 13 1,794 173 180 725 446 1994 1,173 1,111 17 1,997 181 192 723 419 1995 1,178 1,131 15 2,019 178 200 721 337 1996 1,176 1,187 18 2,089 173 200 757 335 1997 1,224 1,203 19 2,134 182 212 727 291 1998 1,263 1,211 22 2,048 191 199 858 230 1999 1,324 1,187 13 2,256 193 152 936 207 2000 1,276 1,200 16 2,271 190 150 796 241 2001 1,257 1,300 23 2,054 174 295 858 203 2002 1,240 R1,204 14 R2,200 172 R309 842 R190 2003E R1,220 R1,136 R17 R2,119 R159 R312 R825 R220 2004E 1,242 1,186 20 2,187 154 318 937 236 

1 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, also

includes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 2 Pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, still gas (refinery gas), waxes, and miscellaneous products. Beginning in 1964, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1983, also includes crude oil burned asfuel.

R=Revised. E=Estimate. Notes: • For total heat content of petroleum consumption by all sectors, see data for heat content of

petroleum products supplied in Table 5.12. Petroleum product 

consumption and is synonymous with the term "petroleum consand 5.14a-c. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to 

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/sed

Sources: Tables 5.13b, A1, and A3.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 5.14c Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption: Transportation and Electric Power Sector

 Selected Years, 1949-2004

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Transportation Sector E

Aviation

Gasoline

Distillate

Fuel Oil

Jet Fuel Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases Lubricants

Motor

Gasoline 3

Residual

Fuel Oil Total

Distillate

Fuel Oil 4

Pe

Kerosene Type Total 

2

1949 172 405 0 2 ( ) 2 120 4,298 1,156 6,152 28 1950 199 480 0 2 ( ) 3 141 4,664 1,201 6,690 32 1955 354 791 0 301 14 155 6,175 1,009 8,800 32 1960 298 892 188 739 20 152 7,183 844 10,126 22 1965 222 1,093 691 1,215 33 149 8,386 770 11,868 29 1970 100 1,569 1,486 1,973 44 147 10,716 761 15,310 141 1971 90 1,701 1,554 2,061 50 147 11,173 701 15,923 200 1972 85 1,941 1,617 2,091 52 158 11,918 645 16,891 310 1973 83 2,222 1,707 2,131 48 163 12,455 727 17,831 273 1974 82 2,202 1,566 2,001 44 156 12,217 697 17,399 309 1975 71 2,121 1,619 2,029 42 155 12,485 711 17,614 226 1976 67 2,288 1,613 2,002 45 172 13,107 824 18,506 243 1977 70 2,489 1,684 2,090 48 172 13,464 908 19,241 283 1978 71 2,679 1,750 2,138 52 184 13,927 990 20,041 276 1979 70 2,905 1,795 2,186 21 193 13,221 1,228 19,825 178 1980 64 2,795 1,754 2,179 17 172 12,383 1,398 19,008 169 1981 56 2,901 1,671 2,058 32 165 12,379 1,219 18,811 124 1982 47 2,790 1,661 2,069 32 150 12,312 1,020 18,420 89 1983 48 2,905 1,736 2,141 38 157 12,482 821 18,593 96 1984 44 2,948 1,977 2,414 40 168 12,600 807 19,020 88 1985 50 3,170 2,079 2,497 28 156 12,784 786 19,471 85 1986 59 3,218 2,287 2,682 26 153 13,174 870 20,182 83 1987 46 3,335 2,444 2,843 21 173 13,499 901 20,816 90 1988 49 3,626 2,565 2,982 22 167 13,802 919 21,567 109 1989 48 3,687 2,658 3,059 22 171 13,749 971 21,706 152 1990 45 3,661 2,774 3,129 22 176 13,575 1,016 21,625 97 1991 42 3,601 2,681 3,025 20 157 13,503 1,026 21,373 84 1992 41 3,684 2,718 3,001 18 161 13,699 1,070 21,674 74 1993 38 3,796 2,809 3,028 19 163 14,126 901 22,072 86 1994 38 4,032 3,063 3,154 32 171 14,293 883 22,603 120 1995 40 4,195 3,099 3,132 17 168 14,607 911 23,069 108 1996 37 4,469 3,268 3,274 15 163 14,837 851 23,647 109 1997 40 4,672 3,307 3,308 13 172 14,999 712 23,917 111 1998 35 4,812 3,359 3,357 17 180 15,463 674 24,537 136 1999 39 5,001 3,466 3,462 13 182 15,855 665 25,218 140 2000 36 5,165 3,580 3,580 11 179 15,960 888 25,820 175 2001 35 5,292 3,427 3,426 13 164 16,041 586 25,556 171 2002 34 R5,392 3,354 3,340 R13 162 R16,465 R677 R26,084 127 2003 RE30 RE5,666 RE3,266 RE3,265 E13 RE150 RE16,624 RE571 RE26,320 R161 2004 E31 E5,914 E3,355 E3,355 E13 E146 E16,933 E611 E27,004 P107 

1 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North American

Industry Classification System) 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity andheat, to the public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electricutilities and independent power producers.

2 Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which jet fuel was blended: in

1952, 71 percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Beginning in 1952,includes naphtha-type jet fuel. Beginning in 1957, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. 3 Finished motor gasoline. Through 1963, also includes special naphthas. Beginning in 1993, alsoincludes ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 4 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1949-1979, data are for gas turbine and internal combustion plant use ofpetroleum. For 1980-2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.

5 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1949-1979, data are for steam 

electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. Notes: • For total heat content of petroleum consumption b

petroleum products supplied in Table 5.12. Petroleum product consumption and is synonymous with the term "petroleum consand 5.14a-c. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to 

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/sed

Sources: Tables 5.13c, 5.13d, A1, and A3.
Figure 5.15 Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales, 1984-2003

Total by Fuel Distillate Fuel Oil by Selected End UseResidual Fuel Oil by Major End Use Kerosene by Major End Use160 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared. Source: Table 5.15.

On-Highway

Diesel

Commercial

Railroad

1985 1990 1995 2000

0

1

2

345

Million Barrels per Day

Residential

Distillate Fuel Oil

1985 1990 1995 

0.00.51.01.52.02.53.0

Million Barrels per Day

Kerosene

Residual Fuel Oil

Vessel

 Bunkering

Industrial

Commercial

Industrial Commercial

Electric Power

1985 1990 1995 2000

0

150300450600750

Thousand Barrels per Day Residential

1985 1990 1995 

0

20406080

Thousand Barrels per Day
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 5.15 Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales, 1984-2003

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Distillate Fuel Oil

Residential Commercial Industrial

Oil

Company Farm

Electric

Power 1 Railroad

Vessel

Bunkering

On-Highway

Diesel Military

Off-

D

1984 534 360 166 55 208 42 192 115 1,093 46 1985 504 291 159 45 202 34 182 111 1,127 43 1986 528 296 175 41 218 38 186 127 1,169 47 1987 534 280 184 40 196 37 186 122 1,185 46 1988 554 279 167 41 206 47 201 130 1,304 54 1989 564 279 178 45 219 158 211 147 1,378 56 1990 475 260 169 49 222 50 203 135 1,393 46 1991 442 246 151 48 206 39 188 133 1,336 53 1992 474 245 150 43 228 35 206 144 1,391 42 1993 475 241 139 46 222 36 196 141 1,485 32 1994 472 246 148 44 213 43 205 143 1,594 40 1995 447 237 146 45 227 39 224 153 1,668 30 1996 450 234 149 48 234 43 224 162 1,754 30 1997 426 216 151 56 231 41 214 168 1,867 28 1998 380 211 161 51 222 55 207 169 1,967 23 1999 411 218 162 43 223 53 211 158 2,091 23 2000 444 241 152 45 225 66 214 147 2,155 20 2001 433 243 161 49 234 88 198 133 2,167 26 2002 416 215 156 50 223 49 212 136 2,238 23 2003 452 240 156 33 209 75 239 145 2,420 27 

Residual Fuel Oil Kerose

Commercial Industrial

Oil

Company

Electric

Power 1

Vessel

Bunkering Military Other 2 Total Residential Commercial Industrial 

1984 100 228 81 454 298 6 26 1,194 77 17 8 1985 89 218 62 359 299 8 13 1,048 77 16 10 1986 130 263 52 610 384 E7 15 1,462 59 24 7 1987 123 217 44 537 398 10 3 1,332 57 24 6 1988 125 211 36 616 413 8 4 1,413 69 13 8 1989 117 174 24 1632 469 6 2 1,424 57 13 8 1990 99 147 21 566 413 7 2 1,255 31 6 4 1991 93 126 20 461 442 8 1 1,150 35 6 3 1992 77 138 18 388 427 6 1 1,054 31 5 3 1993 67 155 17 394 345 5 (s) 983 37 7 4 1994 69 152 16 374 351 4 (s) 967 31 9 6 1995 60 129 14 213 384 3 (s) 804 36 11 6 1996 60 136 11 280 371 4 1 862 43 10 7 1997 52 124 10 300 327 3 (s) 816 45 12 7 1998 47 117 8 420 367 2 (s) 961 52 15 8 1999 42 111 8 326 381 2 (s) 869 54 13 4 2000 43 103 10 284 417 2 (s) 859 46 14 6 2001 42 114 9 368 353 1 (s) 888 46 15 9 2002 37 82 7 233 316 (s) (s) 676 29 8 5 2003 49 92 5 344 253 1 (s) 744 34 9 11 

1 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North American

Industry Classification System) 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity andheat, to the public.

2 Sales to railroads are included in "Other."

E = Annual estimate based on eleven months of data. — = Not applicable. (s)=Less than 0.5 thousand

barrels per day. 

Notes: • For definitions of energy-use sectors used in this table, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/

oil_gas/petroleum/data_publications/fuel_oil_and_kerosene_sale

not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleu

information.

Sources: • 1984—EIA, Petroleum Marketing Annual 

• 1985-1998—EIA, Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales, annual reporOil and Kerosene Sales 2003 (November 2004), Tables 1-3.
Figure 5.16 Petroleum Primary Stocks by Type

Total, Crude Oil1, and Products, 1949-2004 Total Stocks and Strategic Petroleum Reserve By Type, 2004162 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Includes lease condensate and crude oil stored in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR).2 Crude oil stocks in the SPR include non-U.S. stocks held under foreign or commercial storage agreements. See Figure 5.17 for additional information about the SPR. 3 Crude oil and products.

4 Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline and blending c

pentanes plus, petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum cokehydrocarbons and oxygenates, and miscellaneous products.

Notes: • Stocks are at end of year. • Because vertical s

compared.

Sources: Table 5.16.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

500

1,0001,5002,000

Million Barrels

Total

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

500

1,0001,5002,000

Million Barrels (Cumulative)

Crude Oil1

Products

962

215

126 104 84

40 4

Crude Oil1 Motor Gasoline Distillate Liquefied Unfinished Jet Fuel Res

0

200400600800

1,0001,200

Million Barrels

 Fuel Oil Fue

 NonSPR

 SPR2

Petroleum Gases Oils
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 5.16 Petroleum Primary Stocks by Type, Selected Years, 1949-2004

 (Million Barrels)

Year

Crude Oil and Lease Condensate Petroleum Products

SPR 1 Non-SPR 2 Total 

Distillate Fuel Oil

Jet

Fuel 4

Liquefied Petroleum Gases

Motor

Gasoline 6

Residual

Fuel Oil

Unfinished

Oils

Low Sulfur 

3 Total Propane 5 Total

1949 0 253 253 NA 75 4 ( ) 8 ( ) 1 110 60 66 1950 0 248 248 NA 72 4 ( ) 8 ( ) 2 116 41 70 1955 0 266 266 NA 111 3 8 ( ) 7 165 39 68 1960 0 240 240 NA 138 7 8 ( ) 23 195 45 62 1965 0 220 220 NA 155 19 8 ( ) 30 175 56 89 1970 0 276 276 NA 195 28 8 ( ) 67 209 54 99 1971 0 260 260 NA 191 28 8 ( ) 95 219 60 101 1972 0 246 246 NA 154 25 8 ( ) 86 213 55 95 1973 0 242 242 NA 196 29 65 99 209 53 99 1974 0 265 265 NA 200 29 69 113 218 60 106 1975 0 271 271 NA 209 30 82 125 235 74 106 1976 0 285 285 NA 186 32 74 116 231 72 110 1977 7 340 348 NA 250 35 81 136 258 90 113 1978 67 309 376 NA 216 34 87 132 238 90 109 1979 91 339 430 NA 229 39 64 111 237 96 118 1980 108 358 466 NA 205 42 65 120 261 92 124 1981 230 363 594 NA 192 41 76 135 253 78 111 1982 294 350 644 NA 179 37 54 94 235 66 105 1983 379 344 723 NA 140 39 48 101 222 49 108 1984 451 345 796 NA 161 42 58 101 243 53 94 1985 493 321 814 NA 144 40 39 74 223 50 107 1986 512 331 843 NA 155 50 63 103 233 47 94 1987 541 349 890 NA 134 50 48 97 226 47 93 1988 560 330 890 NA 124 44 50 97 228 45 100 1989 580 341 921 NA 106 41 32 80 213 44 106 1990 586 323 908 NA 132 52 49 98 220 49 99 1991 569 325 893 NA 144 49 48 92 219 50 98 1992 575 318 893 NA 141 43 39 89 216 43 95 1993 587 335 922 64 141 40 51 106 226 44 88 1994 592 337 929 73 145 47 46 99 215 42 91 1995 592 303 895 67 130 40 43 93 202 37 86 1996 566 284 850 68 127 40 43 86 195 46 88 1997 563 305 868 68 138 44 44 89 210 40 89 1998 571 324 895 77 156 45 65 115 216 45 91 1999 567 284 852 69 125 41 43 89 193 36 86 2000 541 286 826 72 118 45 41 83 196 36 87 2001 550 312 862 82 145 42 66 121 210 41 88 2002 599 278 877 81 134 39 53 106 209 31 76 2003 638 R269 R907 82 137 39 R50 94 207 38 76 2004P 676 286 962 77 126 40 55 104 215 42 84 

1 "SPR" is the Strategic Petroleum Reserve. Crude oil stocks in the SPR include non-U.S. stocks held

under foreign or commercial storage agreements.

2 All crude oil and lease condensate stocks other than those in "SPR." 3 Sulfur content of 0.05 percent or less by weight. 4 Through 1951, naphtha-type jet fuel is included in the products from which it was blended: in 1952, 71

percent gasoline, 17 percent kerosene, and 12 percent distillate fuel oil. Through 1964, kerosene-type jetfuel is included with kerosene in "Other Products." 5 Includes propylene. 6 Finished motor gasoline and motor gasoline blending components. Through 1963, also includesaviation gasoline and special naphthas.

7 Asphalt and road oil, aviation gasoline blending components, kerosene, lubricants, pentanes plus,

petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, waxes, other hydrocarbons and oxygenates, and miscellaneous

products. Through 1964, also includes kerosene-type jet fuel. 

gasoline and special naphthas. 8 Included in "Liquefied Petroleum Gases Total."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Notes: • Stocks are at end of year. • Distillate stocks in th

included. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to ind

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/pe

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industr

annual reports. • 1976-1980—Energy Information AdministratStatement, Annual, annual reports. • 1981-2003—EIA, P• 2004—EIA, Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2005).
Figure 5.17 Strategic Petroleum Reserve, 1977-2004

End-of-Year Stocks in SPR Crude Oil Imports for SPR1SPR Stocks as Days’ Worth of Net Imports2 SPR as Share of Domestic Stocks164 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Imported by SPR and imported by others for SPR.2 Derived by dividing end-of-year SPR stocks by annual average daily net imports of all

petroleum.

Notes: • SPR=Strategic Petroleum Reserve. • Because v

not be compared.

Source: Table 5.17.

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

100200300400500600700800

Million Barrels

676 in 2004

8

59

24

16

93

60

85

72

43

18

27

19 20

10

0 4 5 

1978 1983 1988 199

0

255075

100

Million Barrels

1

8 11

17

43

68

88

96

115

94 91

85

81 82

86 83

77

73 75

67

62 59 57

52 50

57 57 57

1978 1983 1988 1993 1998 2003

0

255075

100125

Days

1980 1985 1990 

0

255075

100

Percent

Crude Oil

Total

Petroleum
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 5.17 Strategic Petroleum Reserve, 1977-2004

 (Million Barrels, Except as Noted)

Year

Foreign Crude Oil Receipts Domestic Crude Oil Receipts Withdrawals End-of-Year Stocks

Imported

by SPR

Imported

by Others 1,2 Purchases Exchanges 2 Sales Exchanges Quantity 3

Share of

Crude Oil 4

Stocks

(percent)

1977 7.54 0.00 60.37 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.46 2.1 1978 58.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 66.86 17.8 1979 24.43 0.00 (s) 0.00 0.00 0.00 91.19 21.2 1980 16.07 0.00 1.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 107.80 23.1 1981 93.30 0.00 28.79 0.00 0.00 0.00 230.34 38.8 1982 60.19 0.00 3.79 0.00 0.00 0.00 293.83 45.7 1983 85.29 0.00 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 379.09 52.4 1984 72.04 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 450.51 56.6 1985 43.12 0.00 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 493.32 60.6 1986 17.56 0.00 1.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 511.57 60.7 1987 26.52 0.00 2.69 0.00 0.00 0.00 540.65 60.8 1988 18.76 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 559.52 62.9 1989 20.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 579.86 62.9 1990 9.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.91 0.00 585.69 64.5 1991 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 17.22 0.00 568.51 63.7 1992 3.59 0.00 2.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 574.72 64.4 1993 5.37 0.00 6.96 0.00 0.00 0.00 587.08 63.6 1994 4.49 0.00 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 591.67 63.7 1995 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 591.64 66.1 1996 0.00 0.90 0.00 0.00 25.82 0.90 565.82 66.6 1997 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.33 0.00 563.43 64.9 1998 0.00 7.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 571.41 63.8 1999 3.04 3.60 0.00 1.42 0.00 10.75 567.24 66.6 2000 3.01 1.50 0.00 2.29 0.00 733.35 540.68 65.4 2001 3.91 5.07 0.58 0.00 0.00 0.00 550.24 63.8 2002 5.77 35.59 0.00 7.64 0.00 0.00 599.09 68.3 2003 0.00 22.94 0.00 16.40 0.00 0.00 638.39 70.4 2004 0.00 34.24 0.00 8.47 0.00 5.44 675.60 70.2 

1 Imported crude oil received represents volumes of imported crude oil received at SPR storage facilities

for which the costs associated with the importation and delivery of crude oil are the responsibility of thecommercial importer under contract to supply the SPR.

2 The values shown for 1998 and 1999 represent an exchange agreement in which SPR received

approximately 8.5 million barrels of high quality oil in exchange for approximately 11 million barrels of lowerquality crude oil shipped from SPR during 1999 and 2000. Also, beginning in 1999, a portion of the crudeoil in-kind royalties from Federal leases in the Gulf of Mexico was transferred to the Department of Energyand exchanged with commercial entities for crude oil to fill the SPR. Crude oil exchange barrels deliveredto SPR could be either domestic or imported as long as the crude oil met the specification requirements ofSPR. All exchange barrels of imported crude oil are included in "Foreign Crude Oil Receipts, Imported byOthers," while exchange barrels of domestic crude oil are included in "Domestic Crude Oil Receipts,Exchanges."

3 Stocks do not include imported quantities in transit to SPR terminals, pipeline fill, and above-ground

storage.

4 Includes lease condensate stocks. 5 Derived by dividing end-of-year SPR stocks by annual average daily net imports of all petroleum. 

Calculated prior to rounding. 6 The quantity of domestic fuel oil which was in storage prior 

7 Includes 30 million barrels released to increase heating oil s

bonus percentage to be returned in 2001 and 2002, as well aHome Heating Oil Reserve.

R=Revised. (s)=Less than 0.005 million barrels. Note: "SPR" is the Strategic Petroleum Reserve—petro

Government for use during periods of major supply interruption.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleu

information.

Sources: Imported by SPR and End-of-Year Stocks, Qua

Administration (EIA), Energy Data Report, Petroleum • 1981-2003—EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual reports. (February 2005). Imported by Others, Domestic Crude Department of Energy, Assistant Secretary for Fossil EnergCalculated.
Figure 5.18 Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices

U.S. Average Real1 and Nominal Prices, 1949-2004

Alaska North Slope, California, and Texas 1977-2004

166 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See Table D1.

2 Alaska North Slope.

Source: Table 5.18.

Real1

Nominal

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

102030405060

Dollars per Barrel

Texas

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

15304560

Dollars per Barrel

Nominal Prices

1980 1985 

0

50

100150200250300

Index: 1977=100

Real1 Pric

ANS2

California

Texas

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

15304560

Dollars per Barrel

Real1 Prices

ANS2 

California

ANS2
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 5.18 Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2004

 (Dollars per Barrel)

Year

Alaska North Slope California Texas 

Nominal Real 1 Nominal Real 1 Nominal Real 1 N

1949 — — — — — — 1950 — — — — — — 1955 — — — — — — 1960 — — — — — — 1965 — — — — — — 1970 — — — — — — 1971 — — — — — — 1972 — — — — — — 1973 — — — — — — 1974 — — — — — — 1975 — — — — — — 1976 — — — — — — 1977 26.29 214.71 7.92 18.53 8.58 20.07 1978 5.21 11.39 8.58 18.75 9.29 20.30 1979 10.57 21.33 12.78 25.79 12.65 25.53 1980 16.87 31.22 23.87 44.17 21.84 40.41 1981 23.23 39.29 26.80 45.33 35.06 59.30 1982 19.92 31.76 24.58 39.19 31.77 50.65 1983 17.69 27.13 22.61 34.67 29.35 45.01 1984 17.91 26.47 22.09 32.65 28.87 42.67 1985 16.98 24.36 22.14 31.76 26.80 38.44 1986 6.45 9.05 11.90 16.70 14.73 20.67 1987 10.83 14.80 13.92 19.02 17.55 23.98 1988 8.43 11.14 10.97 14.49 14.71 19.43 1989 12.00 15.28 14.06 17.90 17.81 22.67 1990 15.23 18.67 17.81 21.83 22.37 27.42 1991 11.57 13.70 13.72 16.25 19.04 22.55 1992 11.73 13.58 13.55 15.69 18.32 21.21 1993 10.84 12.27 12.11 13.70 16.19 18.32 1994 9.77 10.82 12.12 13.43 14.98 16.60 1995 11.12 12.07 14.00 15.20 16.38 17.78 1996 15.32 16.32 16.72 17.82 20.31 21.64 1997 14.84 15.55 15.78 16.54 18.66 19.56 1998 8.47 8.78 9.55 9.90 12.28 12.73 1999 12.46 12.73 14.08 14.39 17.29 17.67 2000 23.62 23.62 24.82 24.82 28.60 28.60 2001 18.18 R17.75 20.11 19.64 23.41 R22.86 2002 19.37 R18.61 21.87 R21.01 23.77 R22.84 2003 23.78 R22.43 26.43 R24.93 29.13 R27.48 2004P 33.03 30.52 34.47 31.85 38.79 35.84 

1 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See

Table D1.

2 Average for July through December only.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. — = Not applicable. Note: Prices are for the marketed first sales price of domestic crude oil. See Note 5, "Crude Oil

Domestic First Purchase Prices," at end of section.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/petro.html.

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/pe

Sources: • 1949-1973—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yea

Products" chapter. • 1974 through January 1976—Federal E"Crude Petroleum Production Monthly Report." • February 19"Domestic Crude Oil Purchaser’s Monthly Report." • 1978 foPetroleum Marketing Monthly (April 2005), Table 21.
Figure 5.19 Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries

Total, 19731-2004 By Selected Country, 2004By Selected OPEC Country, 19731-2004 By Selected Non-OPEC Country, 19731-2004168 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Based on October, November, and December data only.2 Nominal dollars.

Note: • OPEC=Organization of the Petroleum Exporting CoSource: Table 5.19

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

10203040

Dollars2 per Barrel

40.81 39.92 39.25

36.90

Nigeria Norway United Saudi C

0

1020304050

Dollars2 per Barrel

Arabia

Nigeria

Kingdom

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

1020304050

Dollars2 per Barrel

1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

1020304050

Dollars2 per Barrel Venezuela Saudi Arabia

United Kingdom

Mexico

Canada
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 5.19 Landed Costs of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries, 1973-2004

 (Dollars1 per Barrel)

Year

Persian

Gulf

Nations 3

Selected OPEC 2 Countries Selected Non-OPEC Countries

Kuwait Nigeria 

Saudi

Arabia Venezuela

Total

OPEC 4 Angola Canada Colombia Mexico Norway

K

1973 5 5.91 W 9.08 5.37 5.99 6.85 W 5.33 W 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 1974 12.21 W 13.16 11.63 11.25 12.49 12.48 11.48 W W 6 ( ) 1975 12.64 W 12.70 12.50 12.36 12.70 11.81 12.84 6 ( ) 12.61 12.80 1976 13.03 W 13.81 13.06 11.89 13.32 12.71 13.36 6 ( ) 12.64 13.74 1977 13.85 W 15.29 13.69 13.11 14.35 14.04 14.13 6 ( ) 13.82 14.93 1978 14.01 W 14.88 13.94 12.84 14.34 14.07 14.41 6 ( ) 13.56 14.68 1979 20.42 W 22.97 18.95 17.65 21.29 21.06 20.22 6 ( ) 20.77 22.55 1980 30.59 W 37.15 29.80 25.92 33.56 34.76 30.11 W 31.77 36.82 1981 34.61 6 ( ) 39.66 34.20 29.91 36.60 36.84 32.32 6 ( ) 33.70 38.70 1982 34.94 6 ( ) 36.16 34.99 24.93 34.81 33.08 27.15 6 ( ) 28.63 34.70 1983 29.37 6 ( ) 30.85 29.27 22.94 29.84 29.31 25.63 6 ( ) 25.78 30.72 1984 29.07 W 30.36 29.20 25.19 29.06 28.49 26.56 6 ( ) 26.85 30.05 1985 25.50 6 ( ) 28.96 24.72 24.43 26.86 27.39 25.71 6 ( ) 25.63 28.32 1986 12.92 11.70 15.29 12.84 11.52 13.46 14.09 13.43 12.85 12.17 15.98 1987 17.47 18.14 19.32 16.81 15.76 17.64 18.20 17.04 18.43 16.69 19.10 1988 13.51 12.84 15.88 13.37 13.66 14.18 14.48 13.50 14.47 12.58 15.43 1989 17.37 16.90 19.19 17.34 16.78 17.78 18.36 16.81 18.10 16.35 19.06 1990 20.55 17.01 23.33 21.82 20.31 21.23 21.51 20.48 22.34 19.64 21.11 1991 17.34 18.48 21.39 17.22 15.92 18.08 19.90 17.16 19.55 15.89 21.44 1992 17.58 16.99 20.78 17.48 15.13 17.81 19.36 17.04 18.46 15.60 20.90 1993 15.26 14.23 18.73 15.40 13.39 15.68 17.40 15.27 16.54 14.11 18.99 1994 15.00 14.49 17.21 15.11 13.12 15.08 16.36 14.83 15.80 14.09 17.09 1995 16.78 16.47 18.25 16.84 14.81 16.61 17.66 16.65 17.45 16.19 18.06 1996 20.45 20.32 21.95 20.49 18.59 20.14 21.86 19.94 22.02 19.64 21.34 1997 17.44 17.03 20.64 17.52 16.35 17.73 20.24 17.63 19.71 17.30 20.26 1998 11.18 11.00 14.14 11.16 10.16 11.46 13.37 11.62 13.26 11.04 13.83 1999 17.37 16.77 17.63 17.48 15.58 16.94 18.37 17.54 18.09 16.12 19.06 2000 26.77 26.28 30.04 26.58 26.05 27.29 29.57 26.69 29.68 26.03 30.13 2001 20.73 19.66 26.55 20.98 19.81 21.52 25.13 20.72 25.88 19.37 25.77 2002 24.13 23.04 26.45 24.77 21.93 23.83 25.43 22.98 25.28 22.09 26.60 2003 R27.54 R26.82 R31.07 R27.50 R25.70 R27.70 R30.14 R26.76 R30.55 R25.48 R30.51 2004P 36.36 35.88 40.81 36.90 33.76 36.70 39.33 34.51 39.03 32.25 39.92 

1 Nominal dollars. 2 Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. See Glossary for current membership. 3 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates. 4 Ecuador, which withdrew from OPEC on December 31, 1992, is included through 1992. In June 1996,

OPEC retroactively ended Gabon‘s membership in OPEC effective December 31, 1994. However, data forGabon are still included here for 1995.

5 Based on October, November, and December data only. 6 No data reported.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data.Notes: • This table reports landed costs of crude oil imports only; it does not account for refined

petroleum products imported into the United States. • See "Cru

may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding

Web Page: See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleu

information.

Sources: • 1973 through September 1977—Federal Ene

"Transfer Pricing Report." • October 1977 through January (EIA), Form FEA-F701-M-0, "Transfer Pricing Report." • FebrForm ERA-51, "Transfer Pricing Report." • October 1982 throuForeign Crude Oil Transaction Report." • July 1984 forward—EOil Acquisition Report."
Figure 5.20 Value of Crude Oil Imports

Total, 1973-2004 Totals, 2004By Selected Country, 2004170 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Nominal dollars.

Notes: • OPEC=Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. • Because vertical

scales differ, graphs should not be compared.

Source: Table 5.20.

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

20406080

100120140

Billion Dollars1

$132 billion in 2004

132

67 

Total OPEC No

0

20406080

100120140

Billion Dollars1

20.4 20.2

18.8

16.0 15.9

4.4

3.4 3.2

Canada Saudi Arabia Mexico Venezuela Nigeria Angola United Kingdom Kuwait 

048

12

162024

Billion Dollars1
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 5.20 Value of Crude Oil Imports From Selected Countries, 1973-2004

 (Billion Dollars1

)

Year

Persian

Gulf

Nations 3

Selected OPEC 2 Countries Selected Non-OPEC Countries

Kuwait Nigeria 

Saudi

Arabia Venezuela

Total

OPEC 4 Angola Canada Colombia Mexico Norway

K

1973 1.7 W 1.5 0.9 0.8 5.2 W 1.9 W 6 ( ) 0.0 1974 4.4 W 3.3 1.9 1.3 11.6 0.2 3.3 0.0 W 6 ( ) 1975 5.2 W 3.5 3.2 1.8 14.9 0.3 2.8 0.0 0.3 0.1 1976 8.7 W 5.1 5.8 1.0 22.2 (s) 1.8 6 ( ) 0.4 0.2 1977 12.2 W 6.3 6.9 1.2 29.6 0.1 1.4 0.0 0.9 0.3 1978 11.3 W 4.9 5.8 0.8 27.1 (s) 1.3 0.0 1.6 0.6 1979 15.3 W 9.0 9.3 1.9 39.7 0.3 2.0 0.0 3.3 0.6 1980 16.9 W 11.4 13.6 1.5 47.5 0.5 2.2 0.0 5.9 1.9 1981 15.1 0.0 8.8 13.9 1.6 39.0 0.6 1.9 0.0 5.8 1.6 1982 8.4 6 ( ) 6.7 6.8 1.4 22.0 0.5 2.1 0.0 6.7 1.3 1983 4.3 6 ( ) 3.4 3.4 1.4 16.1 0.8 2.6 0.0 7.2 0.7 1984 4.8 W 2.3 3.3 2.3 16.1 0.9 3.3 0.0 6.5 1.2 1985 2.3 6 ( ) 3.0 1.2 2.7 12.9 1.0 4.4 0.0 6.7 0.3 1986 3.8 0.1 2.4 2.9 1.8 10.4 0.5 2.8 0.3 2.8 0.3 1987 6.0 0.5 3.7 3.9 2.8 15.5 1.2 3.8 0.8 3.7 0.5 1988 6.7 0.4 3.5 4.4 2.2 14.0 1.1 3.4 0.6 3.1 0.3 1989 11.0 1.0 5.6 7.1 3.0 21.9 1.9 3.9 0.9 4.3 0.9 1990 13.5 0.5 6.7 9.5 4.9 27.2 1.9 4.8 1.1 4.9 0.7 1991 11.0 (s) 5.3 10.7 3.9 22.3 1.8 4.7 0.9 4.4 0.6 1992 10.5 0.2 5.1 10.2 4.6 22.2 2.4 5.0 0.7 4.5 0.9 1993 9.1 1.8 4.9 7.2 4.9 20.7 2.1 5.0 0.9 4.4 0.9 1994 8.8 1.6 3.9 7.2 5.0 19.7 1.9 5.3 0.8 4.8 1.2 1995 9.1 1.3 4.1 7.7 6.2 21.6 2.3 6.3 1.3 6.1 1.7 1996 11.1 1.8 4.8 9.4 8.9 25.3 2.8 7.8 1.8 8.7 2.3 1997 10.4 1.6 5.2 8.3 8.3 24.4 3.1 7.7 1.9 8.6 2.1 1998 8.3 1.2 3.6 5.7 5.1 17.4 2.3 5.4 1.7 5.3 1.1 1999 15.0 1.5 4.0 8.8 6.5 26.1 2.4 7.5 3.0 7.4 1.8 2000 23.6 2.5 9.6 14.8 11.7 45.4 3.2 13.2 3.5 12.5 3.3 2001 20.2 1.7 8.2 12.3 9.3 38.1 2.9 10.3 2.5 9.9 2.6 2002 19.5 1.8 5.7 13.7 9.6 35.5 3.0 12.1 2.2 12.1 3.4 2003 R24.4 2.0 R9.4 R17.3 R11.1 R46.3 4.0 15.1 1.8 R14.6 R2.0 2004P 31.9 3.2 15.9 20.2 16.0 67.4 4.4 20.4 2.0 18.8 2.1 

1 Nominal dollars. 2 Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. See Glossary for current membership. 3 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates. 4 Ecuador, which withdrew from OPEC on December 31, 1992, is included through 1992. In June 1996,

OPEC retroactively ended Gabon‘s membership in OPEC effective December 31, 1994. However, data forGabon are still included here for 1995.

5 Data shown here represent landed value; they differ from data in Table 3.7, which are data from U.S.

Customs that represent crude oil value at the port of loading.

6 No price reported.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than $0.05 billion. W=Value withheld to avoid disclosure of

individual company data. 

Notes: • Crude oil import volumes used to calculate values 

District of Columbia. • Totals may not equal sum of components 

Web Page: See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleu

information.

Sources: Calculated by using prices on Table 5.19 and 

• 1973-1975—U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Minreports. • 1976-1980—Energy Information Administration (Ereports. • 1981-2003—EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, annual Monthly (February 2005).
Figure 5.21 Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Costs, 1968-2004

Summary Composite CostsDomestic Costs Imported Costs172 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See Table D1. Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be 

Source: Table 5.21.

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

153045

Dollars per Barrel (Nominal)

Composite

1970 1975 1980 1985 19

0

10203040506070

Dollars per Barrel

Real1

Imported

Domestic

Nominal

Nominal

Real1

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

10203040506070

Dollars per Barrel

1970 1975 1980 1985 19

0

10203040506070

Dollars per Barrel

Nominal

Real1
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 5.21 Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition Costs, 1968-2004

 (Dollars per Barrel)

Year

Domestic Imported 

Nominal Real 1 Nominal Real 1 Nominal 

1968E 3.21 12.88 2.90 11.64 3.17 1969E 3.37 12.89 2.80 10.71 3.29 1970E 3.46 12.57 2.96 10.75 3.40 1971E 3.68 12.73 3.17 10.96 3.60 1972E 3.67 12.17 3.22 10.67 3.58 1973E 4.17 13.09 4.08 12.81 4.15 1974 7.18 20.68 12.52 36.05 9.07 1975 8.39 22.08 13.93 36.66 10.38 1976 8.84 21.99 13.48 33.54 10.89 1977 9.55 22.34 14.53 33.99 11.96 1978 10.61 23.19 14.57 31.84 12.46 1979 14.27 28.80 21.67 43.74 17.72 1980 24.23 44.83 33.89 62.71 28.07 1981 34.33 58.07 37.05 62.67 35.24 1982 31.22 49.77 33.55 53.49 31.87 1983 28.87 44.27 29.30 44.93 28.99 1984 28.53 42.17 28.88 42.69 28.63 1985 26.66 38.24 26.99 38.72 26.75 1986 14.82 20.80 14.00 19.65 14.55 1987 17.76 24.26 18.13 24.77 17.90 1988 14.74 19.47 14.56 19.24 14.67 1989 17.87 22.75 18.08 23.02 17.97 1990 22.59 27.69 21.76 26.67 22.22 1991 19.33 22.89 18.70 22.14 19.06 1992 18.63 21.57 18.20 21.07 18.43 1993 16.67 18.86 16.14 18.26 16.41 1994 15.67 17.36 15.51 17.18 15.59 1995 17.33 18.82 17.14 18.61 17.23 1996 20.77 22.13 20.64 21.99 20.71 1997 19.61 20.55 18.53 19.42 19.04 1998 13.18 13.66 12.04 12.48 12.52 1999 17.90 18.29 17.26 17.64 17.51 2000 29.11 29.11 27.70 27.70 28.26 2001 24.33 R23.76 22.00 R21.48 22.95 2002 24.65 R23.68 23.71 R22.78 24.10 2003 R29.82 R28.13 27.71 R26.14 R28.53 2004P 38.65 35.71 36.00 33.26 36.97 

1 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See

Table D1.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. Note: Costs are for crude oil to refiners, including transportation and other fees; they do not include

crude oil purchased for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve. The cost for each category and for the compositeis derived by dividing the sum of the total purchasing (acquisition) costs of all refiners by the total volume ofall refiners’ purchases.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html for related

information.

Sources: • 1968-1973—Energy Information Administration (E

oil was derived by adding estimated transportation costs to the value. The cost of imported crude oil was derived by adding an the published "Average Freight Rate Assessment" to the averagthe U.S. Bureau of the Census. The composite cost was derived costs on the basis of quantities produced and imported. • 197Administration (FEA), Form FEA-96, "Monthly Cost AllocatioDecember 1977—FEA, Form FEA-P110-M-1, "Refiners’ Moforward—EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly (April 2005), Table 
Figure 5.22 Refiner Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 1988-2004

To Resellers To End Users174 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Nominal value. Source: Table 5.22.

Residual Fuel Oil,

Average

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004

0

102030405060708090

100110120130140150

Cents1 per Gallon, Excluding Taxes Motor Gasoline, Average

Residual Fuel Oil,

Average

Motor Gasoline,

Average

No. 2

Distillate,

Average Propane

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 

0

102030405060708090

100110120130140150

Cents1 per Gallon, Excluding Taxes Propane No. 2 Distillate, Average
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 5.22 Refiner Sales Prices and Refiner Margins for Selected Petroleum Products, 1988-2004

 (Cents1 per Gallon, Excluding Taxes)

Product 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 

Sales Prices to Resellers: 2

 Aviation Gasoline ............................ 85.0 95.0 106.3 100.1 99.1 96.5 93.3 97.5 105.5 106.5 91.2 100.7 133.0  Motor Gasoline ............................... 57.7 65.4 78.6 69.9 67.7 62.6 59.9 62.6 71.3 70.0 52.6 64.5 96.3  Leaded Regular ............................ 54.8 63.1 75.4 65.7 69.3 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA  Unleaded Regular ......................... 54.8 61.8 75.8 67.2 64.5 59.3 56.6 59.3 68.5 67.3 49.9 62.0 94.2  Unleaded Midgrade ...................... NA 68.6 81.4 73.3 70.8 66.0 63.8 67.0 75.9 74.9 57.6 69.6 101.3  Premium ....................................... 67.2 74.9 87.4 79.2 77.4 72.2 69.5 72.2 80.3 79.2 61.7 72.6 105.5  Kerosene ........................................ 54.9 66.9 83.9 72.2 63.2 60.4 61.8 58.0 71.4 65.3 46.5 55.0 96.9  Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type ................ 49.5 58.3 77.3 65.0 60.5 57.7 53.4 53.9 64.6 61.3 45.0 53.3 88.0  No. 1 Distillate ............................... 54.9 66.8 83.8 73.0 65.2 64.6 61.5 62.5 75.1 72.3 51.3 63.4 101.9  No. 2 Distillate ............................... 47.3 56.6 69.5 61.8 58.5 55.9 52.2 53.0 65.3 60.2 43.9 53.6 89.6  No. 2 Fuel Oil ................................ 47.3 56.5 69.7 62.2 57.9 54.4 50.6 51.1 63.9 59.0 42.2 49.3 88.6  No. 2 Diesel Fuel .......................... 47.3 56.7 69.4 61.5 59.1 57.0 52.9 53.8 65.9 60.6 44.4 54.6 89.8  No. 4 Fuel 3 .................................... 42.5 48.0 59.0 55.6 49.5 48.8 46.2 46.3 60.3 55.1 38.3 43.0 77.8  Residual Fuel Oil ............................ 30.0 36.0 41.3 31.4 30.8 29.3 31.7 36.3 42.0 38.7 28.0 35.4 56.6  1% or Less Sulfur Content ............ 33.3 40.7 47.2 36.4 35.1 33.7 34.5 38.3 45.6 41.5 29.9 38.2 62.7  Greater Than 1% Sulfur Content .. 27.1 33.1 37.2 29.2 28.6 25.6 28.7 33.8 38.9 36.6 26.9 32.9 51.2  Propane (Consumer Grade) ........... 24.0 24.7 38.6 34.9 32.8 35.1 32.4 34.4 46.1 41.6 28.8 34.2 59.5 

Sales Prices to End Users: 2

 Aviation Gasoline ............................ 89.1 99.5 112.0 104.7 102.7 99.0 95.7 100.5 111.6 112.8 97.5 105.9 130.6  Motor Gasoline ............................... 67.3 75.6 88.3 79.7 78.7 75.9 73.8 76.5 84.7 83.9 67.3 78.1 110.6  Leaded Regular ............................ 61.9 71.0 83.1 71.5 78.5 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA  Unleaded Regular ......................... 64.1 71.4 84.9 76.1 74.3 71.2 68.9 71.7 80.7 79.8 63.0 74.2 107.3  Unleaded Midgrade ...................... NA 79.2 92.1 84.3 82.7 80.5 78.5 80.8 89.6 89.5 72.8 83.5 116.8  Premium ....................................... 78.8 86.7 98.5 90.7 91.4 88.9 86.5 89.0 97.2 97.3 80.5 90.6 124.2  Kerosene ........................................ 73.8 70.9 92.3 83.8 78.8 75.4 66.0 58.9 74.0 74.5 50.1 60.5 112.3  Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type ................ 51.3 59.2 76.6 65.2 61.0 58.0 53.4 54.0 65.1 61.3 45.2 54.3 89.9  No. 1 Distillate ............................... 56.4 66.1 81.9 74.0 66.6 66.6 64.0 62.0 72.6 68.9 55.1 62.1 98.8  No. 2 Distillate ............................... 50.7 58.5 72.6 65.0 62.0 60.2 55.6 56.0 68.0 64.2 49.2 58.0 93.4  No. 2 Fuel Oil ................................ 54.4 58.7 73.4 66.5 62.7 60.2 57.2 56.2 67.3 63.6 48.2 55.8 92.7  No. 2 Diesel Fuel .......................... 50.0 58.5 72.5 64.8 61.9 60.2 55.4 56.0 68.1 64.2 49.4 58.4 93.5  No. 4 Fuel 3 .................................... 46.1 51.2 62.2 58.0 52.6 50.1 50.1 50.5 60.3 56.5 42.8 47.4 76.9  Residual Fuel Oil ............................ 33.4 38.5 44.4 34.0 33.6 33.7 35.2 39.2 45.5 42.3 30.5 37.4 60.2  1% or Less Sulfur Content ............ 37.2 43.6 50.5 40.2 38.9 39.7 40.1 43.6 52.6 48.8 35.4 40.5 70.8  Greater Than 1% Sulfur Content .. 30.0 34.4 40.0 30.6 31.2 30.3 33.0 37.7 43.3 40.3 28.7 36.2 56.6  Propane (Consumer Grade) ........... 71.4 61.5 74.5 73.0 64.3 67.3 53.0 49.2 60.5 55.2 40.5 45.8 60.3 

Refiner Margins 4

 Motor Gasoline ............................... 22.8 22.6 25.7 24.5 23.8 23.5 22.8 21.6 22.0 24.7 22.8 22.8 29.0  Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type ................ 14.6 15.5 24.4 19.6 16.5 18.6 16.3 12.9 15.3 16.0 15.2 11.6 20.7  No. 2 Distillate ............................... 12.4 13.8 16.6 16.4 14.6 16.8 15.1 12.0 16.0 14.9 14.1 11.9 22.3  Residual Fuel Oil ............................ -5.0 -6.8 -11.6 -14.0 -13.2 -9.8 -5.4 -4.8 -7.2 -6.6 -1.8 -6.3 -10.7  Composite 5 .................................... 18.7 18.8 22.1 20.7 19.8 19.0 19.8 18.1 19.4 20.0 19.5 18.9 26.1 

1 Nominal value. 2 Sales for resale (wholesale sales) are those made to purchasers who are other than ultimate

consumers. Sales to end users are those made directly to the ultimate consumer, including bulkcustomers, such as agriculture, industry, and utilities, as well as residential and commercial customers.

3 Includes No. 4 fuel oil and No. 4 diesel fuel. 4 In this table, refiner margin is the difference between the composite refiner acquisition price of crude

oil and the price to resellers.

5 A volume weighted average of the refiner prices to reselle

fuel, kerosene, motor gasoline, distillate fuel nos. 1, 2, and 4, an

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available.Web Page: See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleu

information.

Sources: • 1988-2003—Energy Information Administration 

reports. • 2004—EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly (April 2005
Figure 5.23 All Sellers Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 2004

Motor Gasoline, Selected GradesDistillate Fuel Oil, Residual Fuel Oil, and Propane176 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Nominal value.2 Not applicable.

Notes: • Data are preliminary. • Because vertical sca

compared.

Source: Table 5.23.

142 140 137 141 148 148

129 127 124 129 134 134 

All Finished Unleaded Unleaded Unleaded Unleaded Unleaded 

0

255075

100125150175

Cents1 per Gallon (Excluding Taxes)

To Resellers To End Users

Regular Midgrade

Reformulated

Regular

Oxygenated

Regular

Conventional

Motor Gasoline Regular

134

155

131 132 128

7

118

(2)

119 120 115

68

No. 2 No. 2 Distillate No. 2 Diesel No. 2 Diesel No. 2 Diesel Residual 

0

255075

100125150175

Cents1 per Gallon (Excluding Taxes)

To Resellers To End Users

(

2

)

Distillate Fuel Oil to Residences Fuel Fuel, Low Sulfur Fuel, High Sulfur Fuel Oil 
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 5.23 All Sellers Sales Prices for Selected Petroleum Products, 1988-2004

 (Cents1 per Gallon, Excluding Taxes)

Product 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 

Sales Prices to Resellers 2

 Motor Gasoline ............................... 58.0 65.8 78.9 70.8 68.0 62.8 60.2 63.0 71.5 70.3 53.0 64.5 96.6  Unleaded Regular ......................... 55.1 62.3 76.2 68.2 64.9 59.7 57.1 59.9 68.9 67.7 50.4 62.1 94.6  Conventional .............................. NA NA NA NA NA NA 56.5 58.3 67.2 65.8 48.4 59.6 91.8  Oxygenated ................................ NA NA NA NA NA NA 62.7 66.2 74.5 75.4 57.5 69.0 101.6  Reformulated .............................. NA NA NA NA NA NA 63.2 64.6 73.3 72.5 55.1 67.6 100.6  Unleaded Midgrade ...................... NA 69.1 82.3 74.4 71.3 66.4 64.1 67.3 76.0 75.1 57.9 69.4 101.4  Conventional .............................. NA NA NA NA NA NA 63.3 65.1 73.7 72.3 55.0 65.8 97.7  Oxygenated ................................ NA NA NA NA NA NA 68.9 71.1 78.9 79.1 59.9 69.5 102.1  Reformulated .............................. NA NA NA NA NA NA 72.2 71.9 80.2 80.1 63.2 75.8 108.0  Premium ....................................... 67.5 75.2 87.7 80.0 77.6 72.2 69.6 72.4 80.4 79.4 61.8 72.4 105.5  Conventional .............................. NA NA NA NA NA NA 68.6 69.5 77.7 76.4 58.7 68.8 101.3  Oxygenated ................................ NA NA NA NA NA NA 75.7 78.7 85.1 85.6 67.4 77.9 111.9  Reformulated .............................. NA NA NA NA NA NA 76.9 77.9 85.1 84.5 67.1 78.7 111.7  No. 2 Distillate ................................ 48.2 57.2 70.6 62.7 59.1 56.6 52.9 53.6 66.0 61.1 45.0 53.8 90.1  No. 2 Diesel Fuel .......................... NA NA NA NA NA NA 53.8 54.6 66.7 61.6 45.4 55.2 90.4  Low Sulfur ................................... NA NA NA NA NA NA 54.2 55.1 67.3 61.9 45.7 55.7 90.9  High Sulfur .................................. NA NA NA NA NA NA 51.9 52.4 63.9 60.2 43.7 51.9 87.5  Residual Fuel Oil ............................ 31.5 37.8 43.4 33.0 32.6 30.1 32.2 36.6 42.7 39.6 28.4 35.5 57.9  1% or Less Sulfur Content ............ 34.1 41.5 48.1 37.9 36.8 34.1 35.0 38.3 46.1 42.4 30.5 38.2 63.8  Greater Than 1% Sulfur Content .. 28.2 34.0 38.8 29.7 30.0 27.2 29.8 34.4 39.7 37.5 27.1 33.3 52.3  Propane (Consumer Grade) ........... NA NA NA NA NA NA 33.6 35.4 47.1 42.6 29.7 35.4 60.3 

Sales Prices to End Users 2

 Motor Gasoline ............................... 68.0 76.8 89.9 81.1 78.7 75.3 72.9 76.1 84.3 83.1 66.0 76.2 109.1  Unleaded Regular ......................... 65.5 73.2 87.0 78.0 75.0 71.4 69.0 72.1 80.9 79.7 62.3 72.8 106.3  Conventional .............................. NA NA NA NA NA NA 68.5 71.4 80.1 78.5 61.0 70.8 104.4  Oxygenated ................................ NA NA NA NA NA NA 73.7 77.3 86.1 88.7 69.4 78.2 111.8  Reformulated .............................. NA NA NA NA NA NA 74.3 74.1 83.3 82.2 65.1 77.7 110.9  Unleaded Midgrade ...................... NA NA NA NA 82.4 79.2 77.0 80.2 88.5 88.0 71.1 81.2 114.6  Conventional .............................. NA NA NA NA NA NA 76.6 79.3 87.4 86.5 69.5 78.7 112.2  Oxygenated ................................ NA NA NA NA NA NA 82.1 83.8 92.9 96.4 76.3 85.3 118.5  Reformulated .............................. NA NA NA NA NA NA 85.1 82.9 91.6 91.5 74.8 86.9 119.7  Premium ....................................... 78.6 87.4 99.6 91.9 90.6 87.5 85.2 88.3 96.2 95.5 78.6 88.0 121.8  Conventional .............................. NA NA NA NA NA NA 84.6 87.1 95.0 93.9 76.9 85.6 119.2  Oxygenated ................................ NA NA NA NA NA NA 90.8 93.8 101.9 105.4 84.5 94.0 127.9  Reformulated .............................. NA NA NA NA NA NA 93.7 91.4 99.1 98.8 82.2 93.1 126.7  No. 2 Distillate ................................ 61.2 69.5 84.1 76.0 72.6 71.0 67.5 67.3 79.3 75.3 59.9 67.8 104.4  No. 2 Distillate to Residences 3 .... 81.3 90.0 106.3 101.9 93.4 91.1 88.4 86.7 98.9 98.4 85.2 87.6 131.1  No. 2 Diesel Fuel .......................... NA NA NA NA NA NA 62.8 63.6 75.7 71.4 56.2 65.4 100.6  Low Sulfur ................................... NA NA NA NA NA NA 64.2 64.5 76.7 71.9 56.5 66.3 101.4  High Sulfur .................................. NA NA NA NA NA NA 59.8 61.4 73.2 69.8 55.5 62.0 98.1  Residual Fuel Oil ............................ 33.9 39.3 45.5 34.7 34.6 34.1 35.8 39.7 46.4 42.9 31.1 37.8 60.9  1% or Less Sulfur Content ............ 37.3 43.6 51.2 40.0 39.4 39.3 40.3 43.3 52.9 47.2 35.6 40.6 68.3  Greater Than 1% Sulfur Content .. 30.6 35.1 40.5 31.1 31.9 31.2 32.7 37.6 43.0 40.7 29.2 36.6 57.6  Propane (Consumer Grade) ........... NA NA NA NA NA NA 77.6 76.6 88.6 87.8 77.4 78.1 104.8 

1 Nominal value. 2 Sales for resale (wholesale sales) are those made to purchasers who are other than ultimate

consumers. Sales to end users are those made directly to the ultimate consumer, including bulkcustomers, such as agriculture, industry, and utilities, as well as residential and commercial customers.

3 See Note 6, "Historical Residential Heating Oil Prices," at end of section for historical data.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available.Web Page: See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleu

information.

Sources: • 1988-2003—Energy Information Administration 

reports. • 2004—EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly (April 2005
Figure 5.24 Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices

Motor Gasoline, All Grades, 1978-2004 Regular Motor Gasoline by Area Type and On-Motor Gasoline by Grade, 1949-2004 Motor Gasoline Price and Consumption, 1978-178 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See Table D1. 2 Any area that does not require the sale of reformulated gasoline.

3 Reformulated Gasoline (RFG) areas are ozone nonatt

Environmental Protection Agency that require the use of refo

4 All grades, in chained (2000) dollars.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Sources: Tables 5.11 and 5.24.

Nominal

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0.000.751.502.253.00

Dollars per Gallon

1.81

1.94 

Conventional Reformulated Al

0.000.501.001.502.002.50

Dollars per Gallon (Nominal)$1.92 in 2004 (Nominal) Real1

Gasoline Areas2 Gasoline Areas3 

Regular Motor Gasoline

Unleaded

Premium

Leaded Regular

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0.000.501.001.502.002.50

Dollars per Gallon (Nominal)

1980 1985 1990 

0.60.81.0

1.2

1.41.61.8

Index: 1978=1.0

Unleaded

Regular
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 5.24 Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2004

 (Dollars per Gallon)

Year

Motor Gasoline by Grade Regular Motor Gas

Leaded Regular Unleaded Regular Unleaded Premium All Grades Conventional

Gasoline

Areas 3,4

Reform

Gas

Area

Nominal Real 

2 Nominal Real 2 Nominal Real 2 Nominal Real 2

1949 0.27 1.64 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA N1950 0.27 1.62 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA N1955 0.29 1.55 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA N1960 0.31 1.48 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA N1965 0.31 1.39 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA N1970 0.36 1.30 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA N1971 0.36 1.26 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA N1972 0.36 1.20 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA N1973 0.39 1.22 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA N1974 0.53 1.53 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA N1975 0.57 1.49 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA N1976 0.59 1.47 0.61 1.53 NA NA NA NA NA N1977 0.62 1.46 0.66 1.53 NA NA NA NA NA N1978 0.63 1.37 0.67 1.46 NA NA 0.65 1.43 NA N1979 0.86 1.73 0.90 1.82 NA NA 0.88 1.78 NA N1980 1.19 2.20 1.25 2.30 NA NA 1.22 2.26 NA N1981 1.31 2.22 1.38 2.33 1.47 2.49 1.35 2.29 NA N1982 1.22 1.95 1.30 2.07 1.42 2.26 1.28 2.04 NA N1983 1.16 1.77 1.24 1.90 1.38 2.12 1.23 1.88 NA N1984 1.13 1.67 1.21 1.79 1.37 2.02 1.20 1.77 NA N1985 1.12 1.60 1.20 1.72 1.34 1.92 1.20 1.72 NA N1986 0.86 1.20 0.93 1.30 1.09 1.52 0.93 1.31 NA N1987 0.90 1.23 0.95 1.30 1.09 1.49 0.96 1.31 NA N1988 0.90 1.19 0.95 1.25 1.11 1.46 0.96 1.27 NA N1989 1.00 1.27 1.02 1.30 1.20 1.52 1.06 1.35 NA N1990 1.15 1.41 1.16 1.43 1.35 1.65 1.22 1.49 NA N1991 NA NA 1.14 1.35 1.32 1.56 1.20 1.42 1.10 N1992 NA NA 1.13 1.31 1.32 1.52 1.19 1.38 1.09 N1993 NA NA 1.11 1.25 1.30 1.47 1.17 1.33 41.07 N1994 NA NA 1.11 1.23 1.31 1.45 1.17 1.30 1.07 N1995 NA NA 1.15 1.25 1.34 1.45 1.21 1.31 1.10 61.1996 NA NA 1.23 1.31 1.41 1.51 1.29 1.37 1.19 1.1997 NA NA 1.23 1.29 1.42 1.48 1.29 1.35 1.19 1.1998 NA NA 1.06 1.10 1.25 1.30 1.12 1.16 1.02 1.1999 NA NA 1.17 1.19 1.36 1.39 1.22 1.25 1.12 1.2000 NA NA 1.51 1.51 1.69 1.69 1.56 1.56 1.46 1.2001 NA NA 1.46 1.43 1.66 1.62 1.53 1.50 1.38 1.2002 NA NA 1.36 1.31 1.56 1.50 1.44 R1.38 1.31 1.2003 NA NA 1.59 R1.50 1.78 1.68 1.64 1.55 1.52 1.2004 NA NA 1.88 1.74 2.07 1.91 1.92 1.78 1.81 1.

1 Nominal dollars. 2 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See Table

D1.

3 Any area that does not require the sale of reformulated gasoline. 4 For 1993-2000, data collected for oxygenated areas are included in "Conventional Gasoline Areas." 5 "Reformulated Gasoline Areas" are ozone nonattainment areas designated by the Environmental

Protection Agency that require the use of reformulated gasoline.

6 For 1995-2000, data collected for combined oxygenated and reformulated areas are included in

"Reformulated Gasoline Areas."

R=Revised. NA=Not available. 

Note: See "Motor Gasoline Grades," "Motor Gasoline, C

"Motor Gasoline, Reformulated" in Glossary.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, 

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas

Sources: Motor Gasoline by Grade: • 1949-1973—Pla

Edition. • 1974 forward—Energy Information Administration U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.SGasoline by Area Type: EIA, weighted annual averages oRegular Grade." On-Highway Diesel Fuel: EIA, weightOn-Highway Diesel Prices."
Petroleum

Note 1. Petroleum Products Supplied and Petroleum Consumption. Totalpetroleum products supplied is the sum of the products supplied for each petroleumproduct, crude oil, unfinished oils, and gasoline blending components. For each ofthese, except crude oil, product supplied is calculated by adding refineryproduction, natural gas plant liquids production, new supply of other liquids,imports, and stock withdrawals, and subtracting stock additions, refinery inputs, andexports. Crude oil product supplied is the sum of crude oil burned on leases and atpipeline pump stations as reported on Form EIA-813, “Monthly Crude Oil Report.”Prior to 1983, crude oil burned on leases and at pipeline pump stations was reportedas either distillate or residual fuel oil and was included as product supplied for theseproducts. Petroleum product supplied (see Table 5.11) is an approximation of petroleum consumption and is synonymous with the term “Petroleum Consumption” inSection 1 and in Tables 5.13a-d. The sector allocation of product supplied in Tables5.13a-d for products used in more than one sector is derived from sales to ultimateconsumers by refiners, marketers, distributors, and dealers (see Energy InformationAdministration (EIA) report Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales) and from EIA electricpower sector petroleum consumption data (see Tables 8.7b and 8.7c).Note 2. Adjustment to Total Petroleum Products Supplied. Accurate calculation of the quantity of petroleum products supplied to the domestic market iscomplicated by the recycling of products at the refinery, the renaming of productsinvolved in a transfer, and the receipt of products from outside the primary supplysystem. Beginning in 1981, a single adjustment (always a negative quantity) is madeto total product supplied to correct this accounting problem. The calculation of this

adjustment, called “reclassified,” involves only unfinished oils and gasoline blending components. It is the sum of their net changes in primary stocks (net withdrawals is a plus quantity; net additions is a minus quantity) plus imports minus net inputto refineries.Note 3. Changes Affecting Petroleum Production and Product Supplied Statistics. Beginning in January 1981, several Energy Information Administration surveyforms and calculation methodologies were changed to reflect new developments inrefinery and blending plant practices and to improve data integrity. Those changesaffect production and product supplied statistics for motor gasoline, distillate fueloil, and residual fuel oil, and stocks of motor gasoline. On the basis of those

changes, motor gasoline production during the last haged 289,000 barrels per day higher than that which Distillate and residual fuel oil production and prowould have averaged, respectively, 105,000 and 54,0the numbers that were published.Note 4. Gross Input to Distillation Units. The mto Distillation Units (GIDU) in this report are as follestimated by summing annual crude oil runs to stilrefineries, and shipments of natural gasoline and plaprocessing plants to refineries. For 1967-1973, GIannual crude oil runs to stills, net unfinished oil rerungasoline and plant condensate. For 1974-1980, GIDU 1981 forward, GIDU is the sum of reported monthly dNote 5. Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Pripurchase prices were derived as follows: for 1949-19first purchase values as reported by State agencies aMines; for 1974 and 1975, weighted averages of a purchasers’ purchases; for 1976 forward, weighted apurchases.Note 6. Historical Residential Heating Oil Prices. for 1956 through 1986 were formerly published iThose data, in cents per gallon, are: 1956—151959—15.3; 1960—15.0; 1961—15.6; 1962—151965—16.0; 1966—16.4; 1967—16.9; 1968—171971—19.6; 1972—19.7; 1973—22.8; 1974—361977—46.0; 1978—49.0; 1979—70.4; 1980—97.41983—107.8; 1984—109.1; 1985—105.3; 1986—sources of these data are: 1956-1974—Bureau of LabIndexes of Fuels and Utilities for Residential 1975–September 1977—Federal Energy Administr“No. 2 Heating Oil Supply/Price Monitoring Repo1977—Energy Information Administration (EIA), FoSupply/Price Monitoring Report”; 1978 forward—Annual, Table 18.

180 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004
Natural Gas

6

Natural gas pipeline, El Paso County, Texas. Source: U.S. Department of Energy.

Diagram 3. Natural Gas Flow, 2004

(Trillion Cubic Feet)

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

a Natural gas consumed in the operation of pipelines, and as fuel in the delivery of natural gas

to consumers; plus a small quantity used as vehicle fuel.

Notes: • Data are preliminary. • Totals may not equal surounding.Sources: Tables 6.1, 6.2, and 6.5.
Figure 6.1 Natural Gas Overview

Overview, 1949-2004 Overview, 2004Storage Additions and Withdrawals, 1949-2004184 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20041 Dry gas.2 Underground storage. For 1980-2003, also includes liquefied natural gas in above-ground

tanks.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be coSource: Table 6.1.

Production1

Additions to Storage2

Net Imports

Withdrawals from Storage2

Consumption

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

-5

05

10152025

-5

Trillion Cubic Feet

18.8

4.3

Production1 Imports Ex

05

10152025

Trillion Cubic Feet

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

1

2

34

Trillion Cubic Feet
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 6.1 Natural Gas Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2004

 (Billion Cubic Feet)

Year

Dry Gas

Production

Supplemental

Gaseous Fuels

Trade Storage 1 Activity

Imports Exports Net Imports 2 Withdrawals Additions Net Withdrawals 3 

1949 5,195 NA 0 20 -20 106 172 -66 1950 6,022 NA 0 26 -26 175 230 -54 1955 9,029 NA 11 31 -20 437 505 -68 1960 12,228 NA 156 11 144 713 844 -132 1965 15,286 NA 456 26 430 960 1,078 -118 1970 21,014 NA 821 70 751 1,459 1,857 -398 1971 21,610 NA 935 80 854 1,508 1,839 -332 1972 21,624 NA 1,019 78 941 1,757 1,893 -136 1973 21,731 NA 1,033 77 956 1,533 1,974 -442 1974 20,713 NA 959 77 882 1,701 1,784 -84 1975 19,236 NA 953 73 880 1,760 2,104 -344 1976 19,098 NA 964 65 899 1,921 1,756 165 1977 19,163 NA 1,011 56 955 1,750 2,307 -557 1978 19,122 NA 966 53 913 2,158 2,278 -120 1979 19,663 NA 1,253 56 1,198 2,047 2,295 -248 1980 19,403 155 985 49 936 1,972 1,949 23 1981 19,181 176 904 59 845 1,930 2,228 -297 1982 17,820 145 933 52 882 2,164 2,472 -308 1983 16,094 132 918 55 864 2,270 1,822 447 1984 17,466 110 843 55 788 2,098 2,295 -197 1985 16,454 126 950 55 894 2,397 2,163 235 1986 16,059 113 750 61 689 1,837 1,984 -147 1987 16,621 101 993 54 939 1,905 1,911 -6 1988 17,103 101 1,294 74 1,220 2,270 2,211 59 1989 17,311 107 1,382 107 1,275 2,854 2,528 326 1990 17,810 123 1,532 86 1,447 1,986 2,499 -513 1991 17,698 113 1,773 129 1,644 2,752 2,672 80 1992 17,840 118 2,138 216 1,921 2,772 2,599 173 1993 18,095 119 2,350 140 2,210 2,799 2,835 -36 1994 18,821 111 2,624 162 2,462 2,579 2,865 -286 1995 18,599 110 2,841 154 2,687 3,025 2,610 415 1996 18,854 109 2,937 153 2,784 2,981 2,979 2 1997 18,902 103 2,994 157 2,837 2,894 2,870 24 1998 19,024 102 3,152 159 2,993 2,432 2,961 -530 1999 18,832 98 3,586 163 3,422 2,808 2,636 172 2000 19,182 90 3,782 244 3,538 3,550 2,721 829 2001 19,616 86 3,977 373 3,604 2,344 3,510 -1,166 2002 R18,928 68 4,015 516 3,499 3,180 R2,713 R467 2003 R19,036 R68 R3,996 692 R3,305 R3,166 R3,360 R-194 2004P 18,776 55 4,259 854 3,404 3,003 3,113 -110 

1 Underground storage. For 1980-2003, also includes liquefied natural gas in above-ground tanks. 2 Net imports equal imports minus exports. Minus sign indicates exports are greater than imports. 3 Net withdrawals equal withdrawals minus additions. Minus sign indicates additions are greater than

withdrawals.

4 Quantities lost and imbalances in data due to differences among data sources. Since 1980, excludes

intransit shipments that cross the U.S.-Canada border (i.e., natural gas delivered to its destination via theother country).

5 For 1989-1992, a small amount of consumption at independent power producers may be counted in

both "Other Industrial" and "Electric Power Sector" on Table 6.5. See Note 1, "Natural Gas Deliveries toNonutilities, 1989-1992" at end of section.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. 

Notes: • Beginning with 1965, all volumes are shown on a p

prior years, the pressure base was 14.65 p.s.i.a. at 60° F. • Toto independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see htt

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/na

Sources: Dry Gas Production: Table 6.2. Supplementa

Information Administration (EIA), Natural Gas Annual (NGA), anGas Monthly (NGM) (March 2005), Table 2. Trade: Table 6.NGA, annual reports. • 2004—EIA, NGM (March 2005), Tconsumption minus dry gas production, supplemental gaseous Consumption: Table 6.5. 
Figure 6.2 Natural Gas Production

Gross Withdrawals and Dry Gas Production, 1949-2004 Production Flow, 2004

(Trillion Cubic Feet)Gross Withdrawals by Well Type, 2004

186 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Dry Gas

Production

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared. Source: Table 6.2.

Gross Withdrawals

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

05

1015202530

Trillion Cubic Feet

Nonhydrocarbon

Gases Removed

0.4

Vented

and Flared

0.1

Repressuring

3.8

Marketed

Production

19.6

Gross

Withdrawals

23.9

17.7

Natural Gas 

05

101520

Trillion Cubic Feet

Wells 
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 6.2 Natural Gas Production, Selected Years, 1949-2004

 (Billion Cubic Feet)

Year

Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals

Repressuring

Nonhydrocarbon

Gases Removed

Vented

and Flared

Marketed

Production

Natural Gas Wells Crude Oil Wells Total 

1949 4,986 2,561 7,547 1,273 NA 854 5,420 1950 5,603 2,876 8,480 1,397 NA 801 6,282 1955 7,842 3,878 11,720 1,541 NA 774 9,405 1960 10,853 4,234 15,088 1,754 NA 563 12,771 1965 13,524 4,440 17,963 1,604 NA 319 16,040 1970 18,595 5,192 23,786 1,376 NA 489 21,921 1971 18,925 5,163 24,088 1,310 NA 285 22,493 1972 19,043 4,974 24,016 1,236 NA 248 22,532 1973 19,372 4,696 24,067 1,171 NA 248 22,648 1974 18,669 4,181 22,850 1,080 NA 169 21,601 1975 17,380 3,723 21,104 861 NA 134 20,109 1976 17,191 3,753 20,944 859 NA 132 19,952 1977 17,416 3,681 21,097 935 NA 137 20,025 1978 17,394 3,915 21,309 1,181 NA 153 19,974 1979 18,034 3,849 21,883 1,245 NA 167 20,471 1980 17,573 4,297 21,870 1,365 199 125 20,180 1981 17,337 4,251 21,587 1,312 222 98 19,956 1982 15,809 4,463 20,272 1,388 208 93 18,582 1983 14,153 4,506 18,659 1,458 222 95 16,884 1984 15,513 4,754 20,267 1,630 224 108 18,304 1985 14,535 5,071 19,607 1,915 326 95 17,270 1986 14,154 4,977 19,131 1,838 337 98 16,859 1987 14,807 5,333 20,140 2,208 376 124 17,433 1988 15,467 5,532 20,999 2,478 460 143 17,918 1989 15,709 5,366 21,074 2,475 362 142 18,095 1990 16,054 5,469 21,523 2,489 289 150 18,594 1991 16,018 5,732 21,750 2,772 276 170 18,532 1992 16,165 5,967 22,132 2,973 280 168 18,712 1993 16,691 6,035 22,726 3,103 414 227 18,982 1994 17,351 6,230 23,581 3,231 412 228 19,710 1995 17,282 6,462 23,744 3,565 388 284 19,506 1996 17,737 6,376 24,114 3,511 518 272 19,812 1997 17,844 6,369 24,213 3,492 599 256 19,866 1998 17,729 6,380 24,108 3,427 617 103 19,961 1999 17,590 6,233 23,823 3,293 615 110 19,805 2000 17,726 6,448 24,174 3,380 505 91 20,198 2001 18,129 6,371 24,501 3,371 463 97 20,570 2002 R17,795 R6,146 R23,941 3,455 502 99 R19,885 2003 R17,819 R6,237 R24,056 R3,548 R499 R98 R19,912 2004 E17,739 E6,191 P23,930 P3,794 P399 P97 P19,640 

1 Volume reduction resulting from the removal of natural gas plant liquids. Natural gas plant liquids are

transferred to petroleum supply.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. Notes: • Beginning with 1965 data, all volumes are shown on a pressure base of 14.73 p.s.i.a. at 60° F. 

For prior years, the pressure base was 14.65 p.s.i.a. at 60° F. • Totals may not equal sum of componentsdue to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see htt

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/na

Sources: Natural Gas Wells and Crude Oil Wells: • 

Yearbook, "Natural Gas" chapter. • 1967-2003—Energy InfoAnnual (NGA), annual reports. • 2004—EIA estimates. All Othreports. • 2000 forward—EIA, Natural Gas Monthly (March 200
Figure 6.3 Natural Gas Imports, Exports, and Net Imports

Trade Overview, 1949-2004Trade, 2004 Net Imports as Share of Consumption, 1958-20188 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20041 Liquefied natural gas.2 Pipeline and liquefied natural gas.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be coSource: Table 6.3.

and

Tobago1

Imports by Selected Country of Origin

Imports from Canada

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

1

2

345

Trillion Cubic Feet

Total Imports

4.2% 

3.61

0.46

0.12 0.01 0.01

0.40 0.39

0.06

Canada Trinidad Algeria1 Australia1 Qatar1 Mexico2 Canada Japan1

0

1

2

34

Trillion Cubic Feet

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 

05

101520

Percent

Exports by

Country of Destination
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 6.3 Natural Gas Imports, Exports, and Net Imports, Selected Years, 1949-2004

 (Billion Cubic Feet, Except as Noted)

Year

Imports by Country of Origin Exports by Country of Destination 

Algeria 2 Australia 2 Canada 3 Mexico 3 Nigeria 2 Oman 2 Qatar 2

Trinidad

and Tobago 2 Total 4 Canada 3 Japan 2 Mexico 3 Tot

1949 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (s) 0 20 1950 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 23 1955 0 0 11 (s) 0 0 0 0 11 11 0 20 1960 0 0 109 47 0 0 0 0 156 6 0 6 1965 0 0 405 52 0 0 0 0 456 18 0 8 1970 1 0 779 41 0 0 0 0 821 11 44 15 1971 1 0 912 21 0 0 0 0 935 14 50 16 1972 2 0 1,009 8 0 0 0 0 1,019 16 48 15 1973 3 0 1,028 2 0 0 0 0 1,033 15 48 14 1974 0 0 959 (s) 0 0 0 0 959 13 50 13 1975 5 0 948 0 0 0 0 0 953 10 53 9 1976 10 0 954 0 0 0 0 0 964 8 50 7 1977 11 0 997 2 0 0 0 0 1,011 (s) 52 4 1978 84 0 881 0 0 0 0 0 966 (s) 48 4 1979 253 0 1,001 0 0 0 0 0 1,253 (s) 51 4 1980 86 0 797 102 0 0 0 0 985 (s) 45 4 1981 37 0 762 105 0 0 0 0 904 (s) 56 3 1982 55 0 783 95 0 0 0 0 933 (s) 50 2 1983 131 0 712 75 0 0 0 0 918 (s) 53 2 1984 36 0 755 52 0 0 0 0 843 (s) 53 2 1985 24 0 926 0 0 0 0 0 950 (s) 53 2 1986 0 0 749 0 0 0 0 0 750 9 50 2 1987 0 0 993 0 0 0 0 0 993 3 49 2 1988 17 0 1,276 0 0 0 0 0 1,294 20 52 2 1989 42 0 1,339 0 0 0 0 0 1,382 38 51 17 11990 84 0 1,448 0 0 0 0 0 1,532 17 53 16 1991 64 0 1,710 0 0 0 0 0 1,773 15 54 60 11992 43 0 2,094 0 0 0 0 0 2,138 68 53 96 21993 82 0 2,267 2 0 0 0 0 2,350 45 56 40 11994 51 0 2,566 7 0 0 0 0 2,624 53 63 47 11995 18 0 2,816 7 0 0 0 0 2,841 28 65 61 11996 35 0 2,883 14 0 0 0 0 2,937 52 68 34 11997 66 10 2,899 17 0 0 0 0 2,994 56 62 38 11998 69 12 3,052 15 0 0 0 0 3,152 40 66 53 11999 76 12 3,368 55 0 0 20 51 3,586 39 64 61 12000 47 6 3,544 12 13 10 46 99 3,782 73 66 106 22001 65 2 3,729 10 38 12 23 98 3,977 167 66 141 32002 27 0 3,785 2 8 3 35 151 4,015 189 63 263 52003 53 0 R3,490 0 50 9 14 378 R3,996 294 64 333 62004P 120 15 3,607 0 12 9 12 462 4,259 395 62 397 8

1 Net imports equal imports minus exports. 2 As liquefied natural gas. 3 By pipeline, except for very small amounts of liquefied natural gas imported from Canada in 1973,

1977, and 1981 and exported to Mexico beginning in 1998.

4 Included in the total but not shown separately are liquefied natural gas imports from Brunei in 2002;

Indonesia in 1986 and 2000; Malaysia in 1999 and 2002 forward; and United Arab Emirates in1996-2000.

5 Not meaningful because there were net exports during this year.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5 billion cubic feet. 

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepenWeb Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://w

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/natu

Sources: Percent of U.S. Consumption: Calculated. Al

Information Administration (EIA), Office of Oil and Gas, Reserves data. • 1955-1971—EIA, Federal Power Commission, by telepho"Annual Report for Importers and Exporters of Natural Gas." • annual reports. • 2000 forward—EIA, Natural Gas Monthly (April 
Figure 6.4 Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Natural Gas Well Productivity, 1960-2004

Gross Withdrawals by Location Number of Producing WellsGross Withdrawals by State and Federal Gulf of Mexico Natural Gas Well Average Productivity190 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

05

10152025

Trillion Cubic Feet (Cumulative) 1 Through 1996, includes gross withdrawals in Federal offshore areas of the Gulf of Mexico;

beginning in 1997, these are included in “Federal Gulf of Mexico.”

2 Gulf of Mexico.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be coSource: Table 6.4.

Onshore

Total

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 

0

50

100150200250300350400

Thousands

Offshore

Peak productivity: 

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

05

1015

Trillion Cubic Feet Louisiana1

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 

0

100200300400500

Thousand Cubic Feet per Day per Well Other States Texas1 Federal

Oklahoma GOM2
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 6.4 Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Natural Gas Well Productivity, 1960-2004

 (Billion Cubic Feet, Except as Noted)

Year

Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals From Crude Oil and Natural Gas Wells Na

State Location

Total

Gross

Withdrawals

From

Natural Gas We

Texas 

1 Louisiana 1 Oklahoma

Other

States 1

Federal

Gulf of Mexico 2 Onshore 3 Offshore 4

1960 6,965 3,313 1,133 3,677 2 ( ) 14,815 273 15,088 10,853 1961 7,020 3,571 1,160 3,710 2 ( ) 15,142 318 15,460 11,195 1962 7,199 3,854 1,222 3,764 2 ( ) 15,587 452 16,039 11,702 1963 7,452 4,250 1,347 3,924 2 ( ) 16,409 564 16,973 12,606 1964 7,622 4,515 1,423 3,975 2 ( ) 16,914 622 17,536 13,106 1965 7,741 4,764 1,414 4,044 2 ( ) 17,318 646 17,963 13,524 1966 7,935 5,365 1,502 4,232 2 ( ) 18,026 1,007 19,034 13,894 1967 8,292 6,087 1,621 4,252 2 ( ) 19,065 1,187 20,252 15,345 1968 8,566 6,778 1,607 4,375 2 ( ) 19,801 1,524 21,325 16,540 1969 8,915 7,561 1,742 4,462 2 ( ) 20,725 1,954 22,679 17,489 1970 9,399 8,076 1,811 4,501 2 ( ) 21,368 2,419 23,786 18,595 1971 9,519 8,319 1,809 4,442 2 ( ) 21,311 2,777 24,088 18,925 1972 9,550 8,160 1,928 4,378 2 ( ) 20,978 3,039 24,016 19,043 1973 9,290 8,491 1,890 4,396 2 ( ) 20,856 3,212 24,067 19,372 1974 8,859 7,920 1,757 4,314 2 ( ) 19,335 3,515 22,850 18,669 1975 7,989 7,242 1,721 4,152 2 ( ) 17,555 3,549 21,104 17,380 1976 7,666 7,143 1,842 4,293 2 ( ) 17,348 3,596 20,944 17,191 1977 7,496 7,351 1,888 4,362 2 ( ) 17,165 3,932 21,097 17,416 1978 6,988 7,639 1,892 4,790 2 ( ) 16,953 4,356 21,309 17,394 1979 7,594 7,359 1,958 4,973 2 ( ) 17,061 4,822 21,883 18,034 1980 7,656 7,008 2,019 5,187 2 ( ) 16,967 4,902 21,870 17,573 1981 7,452 6,830 2,019 5,287 2 ( ) 16,597 4,991 21,587 17,337 1982 6,976 6,217 1,985 5,094 2 ( ) 15,499 4,773 20,272 15,809 1983 6,429 5,379 1,780 5,071 2 ( ) 14,477 4,182 18,659 14,153 1984 6,712 5,888 2,046 5,620 2 ( ) 15,560 4,707 20,267 15,513 1985 6,577 5,218 1,993 5,818 2 ( ) 15,421 4,186 19,607 14,535 1986 6,656 4,965 1,972 5,538 2 ( ) 14,945 4,186 19,131 14,154 1987 6,688 5,205 2,073 6,174 2 ( ) 15,468 4,672 20,140 14,807 1988 6,919 5,248 2,167 6,665 2 ( ) 16,253 4,747 20,999 15,467 1989 6,881 5,143 2,237 6,813 2 ( ) 16,303 4,771 21,074 15,709 1990 6,907 5,303 2,258 7,054 2 ( ) 16,476 5,047 21,523 16,054 1991 6,846 5,100 2,154 7,651 2 ( ) 16,900 4,850 21,750 16,018 1992 6,708 4,977 2,017 8,429 2 ( ) 17,361 4,772 22,132 16,165 1993 6,817 5,047 2,050 8,812 2 ( ) 17,960 4,766 22,726 16,691 1994 6,912 5,226 1,935 9,508 2 ( ) 18,585 4,996 23,581 17,351 1995 6,873 5,163 1,812 9,896 2 ( ) 18,802 4,942 23,744 17,282 1996 7,028 5,351 1,735 9,999 2 ( ) 18,867 5,246 24,114 17,737 1997 15,730 11,538 1,704 19,999 5,242 18,897 5,316 24,213 17,844 1998 5,799 1,579 1,669 9,950 5,110 18,923 5,185 24,108 17,729 1999 5,575 1,599 1,594 10,002 5,053 18,692 5,131 23,823 17,590 2000 5,723 1,485 1,613 10,386 4,968 19,130 5,044 24,174 17,726 2001 5,752 1,525 1,615 10,542 5,066 19,364 5,137 24,501 18,129 2002 5,661 1,382 R1,582 R10,769 R4,548 R19,326 R4,615 R23,941 R17,795 2003 R5,791 R1,378 R1,558 R10,881 R4,447 R19,551 R4,505 R24,056 R17,819 2004 E5,679 E1,414 E1,570 E10,626 E4,641 E19,224 E4,706 P23,930 E17,739 

1 Through 1996, includes gross withdrawals in Federal offshore areas of the Gulf of Mexico; beginning in

1997, these are included in "Federal Gulf of Mexico."

2 Gross withdrawals from Federal offshore areas of the Gulf of Mexico. Through 1996, these gross

withdrawals are included in "Texas," "Louisiana," and "Other States."

3 Includes State offshore gross withdrawals. 4 Excludes State offshore gross withdrawals; includes Federal offshore (Outer Continental Shelf) gross

withdrawals.

5 As of December 31 each year.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. Web Page: See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/natural_gas/info_glance/natural_gas.html for related

information.

Sources: Offshore: • 1960-1981—U.S. Geological Survey

Service, Mineral Revenues—The 1989 Report on Receiptpredecessor annual reports. • 1986-2003—Energy Informatio(NGA), annual reports. • 2004—EIA estimate. Total (Gross annual reports. • 2000 forward—EIA, Natural Gas Monthly (MaCalculated as gross withdrawals from natural gas wells divided divided by the number of days in the year. All Other Data: • Production and Consumption. • 1967-2003—EIA, NGA, • 2004—EIA estimates.
Figure 6.5 Natural Gas Consumption by Sector

By Sector, 1949-2004By Sector, 2004 End Use and Electric Power Shares, 1950 and 192 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Electric Power3

Transportation2

Com

Residential

1 Includes combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of electricity-only plants.2 Pipelines and distribution and vehicle fuel.

3 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants whose 

tricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.Source: Table 6.5.

Industrial1

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

2

468

10

12

Trillion Cubic Feet

4.9

3.0

8.4

0.7

5.4

Residential Commercial1 Industrial1 Transportation2 Electric

0

2

468

10

Trillion Cubic Feet 22

13

38

21

7

59

Residential Commercial1 Industrial1 

0

255075

Percent

Power3 
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 6.5 Natural Gas Consumption by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2004

 (Billion Cubic Feet)

Year

End-Use Sectors

Residential

Commercial Industrial Transportation

CHP Total 2 Other 3 Total

Lease and

Plant Fuel

Other Industrial

Total

Pipelines 6

and Distribution 7 Vehicle Fuel 8 Total Elec

CHP O

4 Non-CHP 5 Total

1949 993 9 ( ) 348 348 835 10 ( ) 2,245 2,245 3,081 NA NA NA 4,421 1950 1,198 9 ( ) 388 388 928 10 ( ) 2,498 2,498 3,426 126 NA 126 5,138 1955 2,124 9 ( ) 629 629 1,131 10 ( ) 3,411 3,411 4,542 245 NA 245 7,540 11960 3,103 9 ( ) 1,020 1,020 1,237 10 ( ) 4,535 4,535 5,771 347 NA 347 10,242 11965 3,903 9 ( ) 1,444 1,444 1,156 10 ( ) 5,955 5,955 7,112 501 NA 501 12,959 21970 4,837 9 ( ) 2,399 2,399 1,399 10 ( ) 7,851 7,851 9,249 722 NA 722 17,208 31971 4,972 9 ( ) 2,509 2,509 1,414 10 ( ) 8,181 8,181 9,594 743 NA 743 17,817 31972 5,126 9 ( ) 2,608 2,608 1,456 10 ( ) 8,169 8,169 9,624 766 NA 766 18,125 31973 4,879 9 ( ) 2,597 2,597 1,496 10 ( ) 8,689 8,689 10,185 728 NA 728 18,389 31974 4,786 9 ( ) 2,556 2,556 1,477 10 ( ) 8,292 8,292 9,769 669 NA 669 17,780 31975 4,924 9 ( ) 2,508 2,508 1,396 10 ( ) 6,968 6,968 8,365 583 NA 583 16,380 31976 5,051 9 ( ) 2,668 2,668 1,634 10 ( ) 6,964 6,964 8,598 548 NA 548 16,866 31977 4,821 9 ( ) 2,501 2,501 1,659 10 ( ) 6,815 6,815 8,474 533 NA 533 16,329 31978 4,903 9 ( ) 2,601 2,601 1,648 10 ( ) 6,757 6,757 8,405 530 NA 530 16,439 31979 4,965 9 ( ) 2,786 2,786 1,499 10 ( ) 6,899 6,899 8,398 601 NA 601 16,750 31980 4,752 9 ( ) 2,611 2,611 1,026 10 ( ) 7,172 7,172 8,198 635 NA 635 16,196 31981 4,546 9 ( ) 2,520 2,520 928 10 ( ) 7,128 7,128 8,055 642 NA 642 15,764 31982 4,633 9 ( ) 2,606 2,606 1,109 10 ( ) 5,831 5,831 6,941 596 NA 596 14,776 31983 4,381 9 ( ) 2,433 2,433 978 10 ( ) 5,643 5,643 6,621 490 NA 490 13,924 21984 4,555 9 ( ) 2,524 2,524 1,077 10 ( ) 6,154 6,154 7,231 529 NA 529 14,839 31985 4,433 9 ( ) 2,432 2,432 966 10 ( ) 5,901 5,901 6,867 504 NA 504 14,237 31986 4,314 9 ( ) 2,318 2,318 923 10 ( ) 5,579 5,579 6,502 485 NA 485 13,619 21987 4,315 9 ( ) 2,430 2,430 1,149 10 ( ) 5,953 5,953 7,103 519 NA 519 14,367 21988 4,630 9 ( ) 2,670 2,670 1,096 10 ( ) 6,383 6,383 7,479 614 NA 614 15,394 21989 4,781 30 2,688 2,718 1,070 914 115,903 116,816 7,886 629 NA 629 16,014 1121990 4,391 46 2,576 2,623 1,236 1,055 115,963 117,018 8,255 660 (s) 660 15,929 1121991 4,556 52 2,676 2,729 1,129 1,061 116,170 117,231 8,360 601 (s) 602 16,246 1121992 4,690 62 2,740 2,803 1,171 1,107 116,420 117,527 8,698 588 2 590 16,780 1121993 4,956 65 2,796 2,862 1,172 1,124 6,576 7,700 8,872 624 3 627 17,317 21994 4,848 72 2,823 2,895 1,124 1,176 6,613 7,790 8,913 685 3 689 17,345 31995 4,850 78 2,953 3,031 1,220 1,258 6,906 8,164 9,384 700 5 705 17,970 31996 5,241 82 3,076 3,158 1,250 1,289 7,146 8,435 9,685 711 6 718 18,802 21997 4,984 87 3,128 3,215 1,203 1,282 7,229 8,511 9,714 751 8 760 18,673 31998 4,520 87 2,912 2,999 1,173 1,355 6,965 8,320 9,493 635 9 645 17,658 31999 4,726 84 2,961 3,045 1,079 1,401 6,678 8,079 9,158 645 12 657 17,586 32000 4,996 85 3,098 3,182 1,151 1,386 6,757 8,142 9,293 642 13 655 18,127 42001 4,771 79 2,944 3,023 1,119 1,310 6,035 7,344 8,463 625 15 640 16,896 42002 R4,889 74 R3,070 R3,144 R1,113 1,240 R6,267 R7,507 R8,620 667 15 682 R17,335 42003 R5,078 R58 R3,158 R3,217 1,123 R1,144 R5,995 R7,139 R8,262 R665 R18 R683 R17,240 R32004P 4,881 75 2,926 3,000 1,107 1,162 6,136 7,298 8,405 663 20 684 16,970 4

1 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North American Industry Classification System) 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and

heat, to the public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electricutilities and independent power producers. Electric utility CHP plants are included in "Electricity Only." 2 Commercial combined-heat-and-power and a small number of commercial electricity-only plants. 3 All commercial sector fuel use other than that in "Commercial CHP." 4 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of industrial electricity-only plants. 5 All industrial sector fuel use other than that in "Lease and Plant Fuel" and "Industrial CHP." 6 Natural gas consumed in the operation of pipelines, primarily in compressors. 7 Natural gas used as fuel in the delivery of natural gas to consumers. 8 Vehicle fuel data do not reflect revised data shown in Table 10.7. See Note 2, "Natural Gas Vehicle Fuel," at end of section.

9 Included in "Commercial Other."

10 Included in "Industrial Non-CHP."11 For 1989-1992, a small amount of consumption at independent power producers may be counted in

both "Other Industrial" and "Electric Power Sector." See Note 1, "Natural Gas Deliveries to Nonutilities,1989-1992" at end of section.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 billion cubic feet. Notes: • Data are for natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be

identified separately. • See Tables 8.5a-8.5d for the amount of 

Tables 8.6a-8.6c for the amount of natural gas used to produ"Natural Gas Consumption," at end of section. • Beginning pressure base of 14.73 p.s.i.a. at 60° F. For prior years, the • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent 

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see htt

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/na

Sources: Residential, Commercial Total, Lease and P

Pipelines and Distribution: • 1949-1998—Energy Informatio(NGA) 2000 (November 2001), Table 95, and Form EIA-857, "and Deliveries to Consumers." • 1999-2003—EIA, NGA 2003 Natural Gas Monthly (NGM) (March 2005), Table 3. CommercVehicle Fuel: • 1990 and 1991—EIA, NGA 2000 (Novemb"Alternatives to Traditional Transportation Fuels 1999" (OctobTraditional Transportation Fuels 2003" (February 2004), Table liquefied natural gas in gasoline-equivalent gallons were convertgasoline conversion factor (see Table A3) and dividing by the na(see Table A4). • 1999-2003—EIA, NGA 2003 (December 202005), Table 3. Electric Power Sector: Tables 8.5b, 8.5c, 8.6b
Figure 6.6 Natural Gas in Underground Storage, 1954-2004

TotalBase Gas and Working Gas End-of-Year Storage as a Share of Total Consu194 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004Notes: • Storage is at end of year. • Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not becompared. • Working- and base-gas component data were not collected in 1959, 1960, and1961.

Sources: Tables 6.5 and 6.6.

1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 19

0

2

468

Trillion Cubic Feet (Cumulative) Working Gas Base Gas

1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

1

2

345

Trillion Cubic Feet

40

1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1

1020304050

Percent

Base Gas

Working Gas
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 6.6 Natural Gas in Underground Storage, 1954-2004

 (Billion Cubic Feet)

Year

Base Gas 1 Working Gas 

Traditonal

Storage

Salt

Caverns Total

Traditonal

Storage

Salt

Caverns Total

Traditonal

Storage

1954 NA NA 817 NA NA 465 NA 1955 NA NA 863 NA NA 505 NA 1956 NA NA 919 NA NA 583 NA 1957 NA NA 1,001 NA NA 673 NA 1958 NA NA 1,056 NA NA 708 NA 1959 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1960 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1961 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1962 NA NA 1,571 NA NA 933 NA 1963 NA NA 1,738 NA NA 1,007 NA 1964 NA NA 1,781 NA NA 1,159 NA 1965 NA NA 1,848 NA NA 1,242 NA 1966 NA NA 1,958 NA NA 1,267 NA 1967 NA NA 2,058 NA NA 1,318 NA 1968 NA NA 2,128 NA NA 1,366 NA 1969 NA NA 2,181 NA NA 1,421 NA 1970 NA NA 2,326 NA NA 1,678 NA 1971 NA NA 2,485 NA NA 1,840 NA 1972 NA NA 2,751 NA NA 1,729 NA 1973 NA NA 2,864 NA NA 2,034 NA 1974 NA NA 2,912 NA NA 2,050 NA 1975 NA NA 3,162 NA NA 2,212 NA 1976 NA NA 3,323 NA NA 1,926 NA 1977 NA NA 3,391 NA NA 2,475 NA 1978 NA NA 3,473 NA NA 2,547 NA 1979 NA NA 3,553 NA NA 2,753 NA 1980 NA NA 3,642 NA NA 2,655 NA 1981 NA NA 3,752 NA NA 2,817 NA 1982 NA NA 3,808 NA NA 3,071 NA 1983 NA NA 3,847 NA NA 2,595 NA 1984 NA NA 3,830 NA NA 2,876 NA 1985 NA NA 3,842 NA NA 2,607 NA 1986 NA NA 3,819 NA NA 2,749 NA 1987 NA NA 3,792 NA NA 2,756 NA 1988 NA NA 3,800 NA NA 2,850 NA 1989 NA NA 3,812 NA NA 2,513 NA 1990 NA NA 3,868 NA NA 3,068 NA 1991 NA NA 3,954 NA NA 2,824 NA 1992 NA NA 4,044 NA NA 2,597 NA 1993 NA NA 4,327 NA NA 2,322 NA 1994 4,317 44 4,360 2,536 70 2,606 6,853 1995 4,290 60 4,349 2,082 72 2,153 6,371 1996 4,277 64 4,341 2,087 85 2,173 6,364 1997 4,283 67 4,350 2,092 83 2,175 6,375 1998 4,259 67 4,326 2,626 104 2,730 6,884 1999 4,314 69 4,383 2,423 100 2,523 6,738 2000 4,282 70 4,352 1,647 72 1,719 5,929 2001 4,224 77 4,301 2,789 115 2,904 7,013 2002 4,265 75 4,340 2,273 102 2,375 6,539 2003 R4,227 76 R4,303 R2,438 125 R2,563 R6,665 2004P 4,129 72 4,201 2,598 98 2,696 6,727 

1 Includes native gas.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Notes: • Storage is at end of year. • Beginning with 1965, all volumes are shown on a pressure base of

14.73 p.s.i.a. at 60° F. For prior years, the pressure base was 14.65 p.s.i.a. at 60° F. • Totals may notequal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/natural_gas/info_glance/natural_gas.html for related

information.

Sources: • 1954-1974—American Gas Association, Gas 

Administration, Form FEA-G318-M-O, "Underground Gas Commission, Form FPC-8, "Underground Gas Storage RepAdministration (EIA), Form EIA-191, "Underground Gas StoragCommission, Form FERC-8, "Underground Gas Storage Report(NGM), monthly reports. • 2003 and 2004—EIA, NGM (March 2
Figure 6.7 Natural Gas Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports Prices

Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports, 2004 Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports, 1949-2004Wellhead, 1949-2004 Imports, 1972-2004196 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Nominal dollars.2 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators.

See Table D1.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be coSource: Table 6.7.

Impo

5.49

6.65

5.81

Wellhead City Gate Imports

0

2

468

Dollars1 per Thousand Cubic Feet 

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

2

468

Dollars1 per Thousand Cubic Feet

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

2

46

Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet Real 2

1975 1980 1985 1990 

0369

Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet Real 2 Nominal Nomin
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 6.7 Natural Gas Wellhead, City Gate, and Imports Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2004

 (Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet)

Year

Wellhead 1 City Gate 2 

Nominal Real 3 Nominal Real 3 Nominal 

1949 0.06 0.37 NA NA NA 1950 0.07 0.42 NA NA NA 1955 0.10 0.53 NA NA NA 1960 0.14 0.67 NA NA NA 1965 0.16 0.71 NA NA NA 1970 0.17 0.62 NA NA NA 1971 0.18 0.62 NA NA NA 1972 0.19 0.63 NA NA 0.31 1973 0.22 0.69 NA NA 0.35 1974 0.30 0.86 NA NA 0.55 1975 0.44 1.16 NA NA 1.21 1976 0.58 1.44 NA NA 1.72 1977 0.79 1.85 NA NA 1.98 1978 0.91 1.99 NA NA 2.13 1979 1.18 2.38 NA NA 2.49 1980 1.59 2.94 NA NA 4.28 1981 1.98 3.35 NA NA 4.88 1982 2.46 3.92 NA NA 5.03 1983 2.59 3.97 NA NA 4.78 1984 2.66 3.93 3.95 5.84 4.08 1985 2.51 3.60 3.75 5.38 3.21 1986 1.94 2.72 3.22 4.52 2.43 1987 1.67 2.28 2.87 3.92 1.95 1988 1.69 2.23 2.92 3.86 1.84 1989 1.69 2.15 3.01 3.83 1.82 1990 1.71 2.10 3.03 3.71 1.94 1991 1.64 1.94 2.90 3.43 1.83 1992 1.74 2.01 3.01 3.48 1.85 1993 2.04 2.31 3.21 3.63 2.03 1994 1.85 2.05 3.07 3.40 1.87 1995 1.55 1.68 2.78 3.02 1.49 1996 2.17 2.31 3.34 3.56 1.97 1997 2.32 2.43 3.66 3.84 2.17 1998 1.96 2.03 3.07 3.18 1.97 1999 2.19 2.24 3.10 3.17 2.24 2000 3.68 3.68 4.62 4.62 3.95 2001 4.00 3.91 5.72 5.59 4.43 2002 2.95 R2.83 4.12 3.96 3.15 2003 R4.88 R4.60 R5.85 R5.52 R5.17 2004P 5.49 5.07 6.65 6.14 5.81 

1 See "Natural Gas Wellhead Price" in Glossary. 2 See "City Gate" in Glossary. 3 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See

Appendix Table D1.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/natgas.html.

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/natural_gas/info_glance/natural_gas.html.

Sources: Wellhead and City Gate: • 1949-1999—Energy 

Gas Annual (NGA), annual reports. • 2000 forward—EIA, NTable 4. Imports: • 1972 and 1973—Federal Power CommissNatural Gas—Imports and Exports of LNG. • 1974-1976—FNatural Gas, annual reports. • 1977-1999—EIA, NGA, annual 2005), Table 6.
Figure 6.8 Natural Gas Prices by Sector

Nominal Prices, 2004 Real Prices5, Indexed, 1980-2004

Real Prices5, 1967-2004

198 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 20041 Based on 96.0 percent of volume delivered.2 Based on 76.9 percent of volume delivered.3 Based on 23.3 percent of volume delivered.4 Based on 95.0 percent of volume delivered.

5 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross dome

See Table D1.Source: Table 6.8.

1980 1985 1990 1

0.000.501.001.502.00

Index: 1980=1.00

10.74

9.26

6.40 6.09

Residential1 Commercial2 Industrial3 Electric

0369

12

Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet

Power4

Residential

Industrial

Commercial

Electric Power

Vehicle Fuel

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

2

468

10

12

Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 6.8 Natural Gas Prices by Sector, 1967-2004

 (Dollars per Thousand Cubic Feet)

Year

Residential Commercial 1 Industrial 2 Vehicle Fuel 3 

Prices Percentage

of

Sector 6

Prices Percentage

of

Sector 6

Prices Percentage

of

Sector 6

Prices 

Nominal Real 5 Nominal Real 5 Nominal Real 5 Nominal Real 5 

1967 1.04 4.35 NA 0.74 3.10 NA 0.34 1.42 NA NA NA 1968 1.04 4.17 NA 0.73 2.93 NA 0.34 1.36 NA NA NA 1969 1.05 4.02 NA 0.74 2.83 NA 0.35 1.34 NA NA NA 1970 1.09 3.96 NA 0.77 2.80 NA 0.37 1.34 NA NA NA 1971 1.15 3.98 NA 0.82 2.84 NA 0.41 1.42 NA NA NA 1972 1.21 4.01 NA 0.88 2.92 NA 0.45 1.49 NA NA NA 1973 1.29 4.05 NA 0.94 2.95 NA 0.50 1.57 NA NA NA 1974 1.43 4.12 NA 1.07 3.08 NA 0.67 1.93 NA NA NA 1975 1.71 4.50 NA 1.35 3.55 NA 0.96 2.53 NA NA NA 1976 1.98 4.93 NA 1.64 4.08 NA 1.24 3.08 NA NA NA 1977 2.35 5.50 NA 2.04 4.77 NA 1.50 3.51 NA NA NA 1978 2.56 5.59 NA 2.23 4.87 NA 1.70 3.72 NA NA NA 1979 2.98 6.01 NA 2.73 5.51 NA 1.99 4.02 NA NA NA 1980 3.68 6.81 NA 3.39 6.27 NA 2.56 4.74 NA NA NA 1981 4.29 7.26 NA 4.00 6.77 NA 3.14 5.31 NA NA NA 1982 5.17 8.24 NA 4.82 7.68 NA 3.87 6.17 85.1 NA NA 1983 6.06 9.29 NA 5.59 8.57 NA 4.18 6.41 80.7 NA NA 1984 6.12 9.05 NA 5.55 8.20 NA 4.22 6.24 74.7 NA NA 1985 6.12 8.78 NA 5.50 7.89 NA 3.95 5.67 68.8 NA NA 1986 5.83 8.18 NA 5.08 7.13 NA 3.23 4.53 59.8 NA NA 1987 5.54 7.57 NA 4.77 6.52 93.1 2.94 4.02 47.4 NA NA 1988 5.47 7.23 NA 4.63 6.12 90.7 2.95 3.90 42.6 NA NA 1989 5.64 7.18 99.9 4.74 6.03 89.1 2.96 3.77 36.9 NA NA 1990 5.80 7.11 99.3 4.83 5.92 86.6 2.93 3.59 35.2 3.39 4.15 1991 5.82 6.89 99.2 4.81 5.70 85.1 2.69 3.19 32.7 3.96 4.69 1992 5.89 6.82 99.1 4.88 5.65 83.2 2.84 3.29 30.3 4.05 4.69 1993 6.16 6.97 99.1 5.22 5.91 83.9 3.07 3.47 29.7 4.27 4.83 1994 6.41 7.10 99.1 5.44 6.03 79.3 3.05 3.38 25.5 4.11 4.55 1995 6.06 6.58 99.1 5.05 5.48 76.7 2.71 2.94 24.5 3.98 4.32 1996 6.34 6.76 99.1 5.40 5.75 77.6 3.42 3.64 19.4 4.34 4.62 1997 6.94 7.27 98.8 5.80 6.08 70.8 3.59 3.76 18.1 4.44 4.65 1998 6.82 7.07 97.7 5.48 5.68 67.0 3.14 3.25 16.1 4.59 4.76 1999 6.69 6.84 95.2 5.33 5.45 66.1 3.12 3.19 18.8 4.34 4.43 2000 7.76 7.76 92.6 6.59 6.59 63.9 4.45 4.45 19.8 5.54 5.54 2001 9.63 R9.40 92.4 8.43 8.23 66.0 5.24 5.12 20.8 6.60 6.45 2002 R7.89 R7.58 R97.9 R6.63 R6.37 R77.4 4.02 R3.86 R22.7 R5.10 R4.90 2003 R9.52 R8.98 R97.6 R8.29 7.82 R77.3 R5.81 R5.48 R22.9 R6.19 R5.84 2004 P10.74 P9.92 E96.0 P9.26 P8.56 P76.9 P6.40 P5.91 P23.3 NA NA 

1 Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial

electricity-only plants.

2 Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only

plants.

3 Much of the natural gas delivered for vehicle fuel represents deliveries to fueling stations that are used

primarily or exclusively by respondents’ fleet vehicles. Thus, the prices are often those associated with theoperation of fleet vehicles.

4 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North American

Industry Classification System) 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity andheat, to the public. Through 2001, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 2002, data are for electricutilities and independent power producers. See Note 4, "Coverage of Electric Power Sector Natural GasPrices," at end of section.

5 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See

Table D1.

6 The percentage of the sector’s consumption in Table 6.5 for which price data are available.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. Notes: • Prices are for natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be

identified separately. • The average for each end-use sector is calculated by dividing the total value of thenatural gas consumed by each sector by the total quantity consumed. • Prices are intended to include all

taxes. • See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy

Web Page: See http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/natural_ga

information.

Sources: Residential Percentage of Sector: • 1989-2003

Natural Gas Annual (NGA), annual reports. • 2004—EIA esreports. Electric Power Price: • 1967-1999—EIA, NGA, annuMonthly (NGM) (March 2005), Table 4. • 2004—FederaFERC-423, "Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Ele"Monthly Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants Report.• 1973-2001—Calculated by EIA as the quantity of natural gForm FERC-423, "Monthly Report of Cost and Quantity of Fuels forms), divided by the quantity of natural gas consumed by the Table 8.5b; for 1989-2001, see Table 8.7b). • 2002-2004—Cgas receipts by electric utilities and independent power produceReport of Cost and Quantity of Fuels for Electric Utility Plants," Fuels for Electric Plants Report," divided by the quantity of nasector (see Table 8.7b). All Other Data: • 1967-1999—EIA, NNGM (March 2005), Table 4.
Natural Gas

Note 1. Natural Gas Deliveries to Nonutilities, 1989-1992. Prior to 1993, deliveries to nonutility generators were not separately collected from natural gas companies on Form EIA-176, “Annual Report of Natural and Supplemental Gas Supplyand Disposition.” As a result, for 1989-1992, those volumes are probably includedin both the industrial and electric power sectors and double-counted in totalconsumption. In 1993, 0.28 trillion cubic feet was reported as delivered to nonutilitygenerators.Note 2. Natural Gas Vehicle Fuel. In Table 6.5, for 1992 forward, natural gasvehicle fuel data do not reflect revised data shown in Table 10.7. These revisions,in million cubic feet, are: 1992–2,149; 1993–2,911; 1994–3,280; 1995–4,701;1996–6,219; 1997–8,542; 1998–9,583; 1999–10,583; 2000–11,665; 2001–14,006;2002–16,091; 2003–18,763; and 2004–21,034.Note 3. Natural Gas Consumption. Natural gas consumption statistics arecompiled from surveys of natural gas production, transmission, and distributioncompanies and from surveys of electric power generation. Consumption by sectorfrom these surveys is compiled on a national and individual State basis and thenbalanced with national and individual State supply data. Included in the data are thefollowing: Residential Sector—Consumption by private households for space

heating, cooking, and other household uses; Commercial Sector—Consumption by

nonmanufacturing establishments; municipalities for institutional heating and lighting; and, through 1995, those engaged in agriculture, forestry, and fishing. Thecommercial sector includes generators that produce electricity and/or useful thermal

output primarily to support the activities of the abovelishments; Industrial Sector—Consumption by estain processing unfinished materials into another form petroleum refining; manufacturing; and, beginning and fishing), and natural gas industry use for lease sector includes generators that produce electricity primarily to support the above-mentioned industriSector—Natural gas transmission (pipeline) fuel, anas vehicle fuel; and Electric Power Sector (electpower producers)—Consumption for electricity goutput at electricity-only and combined-heat-and-poNAICS (North American Industry Classification primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity anNote 4. Coverage of Electric Power Sector Naturadata for electric power sector natural gas prices inclwhich the generator nameplate capacity of all steam-25 megawatts or greater. For 1974-1982, peaking counted toward the 25-megawatt-or-greater total. Foelectric utility plants at which the generator nameplatunits combined totaled 50 megawatts or greater. Foelectric utility plants at which the generator nameplatunits and combined-cycle units together totaled 50 mforward, data include electric utility and independwhich the total facility fossil-fueled nameplate genemegawatts, regardless of unit type.

200 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004
Coal

7

Coal yard, Curtis Bay, Maryland. Source: U.S. Department of Energy.

Diagram 4. Coal Flow, 2004

(Million Short Tons)

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Notes: • Production categories are estimated; other data are preliminary. • Totals may not

equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: Tables 7.1, 7.2, and 7.3.

Losses and

Unaccounted for

4.7

Stock

Change

18.2

Underground

367.5

Production

1,111.5

Exports

48.0

Imports

27.3

Surface

744.0

Bituminous

Coal

546.6

Subbituminous

Coal 479.6

Anthracite

1.7

Lignite 83.5

Residential

0.5 

Com

Consumption

1,104.3
Figure 7.1 Coal Overview

Overview, 1949-2004Overview, 2004 Production as Share of Consumption by Type 204 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Sources: Tables 5.1, 6.1, and 7.1.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

250500750

1,0001,250

Million Short Tons Production Consumption

Exports

1,111

27 48

1,104

Production Imports Exports Consumption

0

250500750

1,0001,250

Million Short Tons

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

255075

100125

Percent

Na

P
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 7.1 Coal Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2004

 (Million Short Tons)

Year Production 1 Waste Coal 2,3 Imports Exports Stock Change 4

Losses 

Unaccounte

1949 480.6 NA 0.3 32.8 6 ( ) 6-84.1950 560.4 NA 0.4 29.4 6 ( ) 69.1955 490.8 NA 0.3 54.4 6 ( ) 6-6.1960 434.3 NA 0.3 38.0 6 ( ) 61.1965 527.0 NA 0.2 51.0 6 ( ) 62.1970 612.7 NA (s) 71.7 6 ( ) 66.1971 560.9 NA 0.1 57.3 6 ( ) 64.1972 602.5 NA (s) 56.7 6 ( ) 6-4.1973 598.6 NA 0.1 53.6 6 ( ) 6-17.1974 610.0 NA 2.1 60.7 -8.9 2.1975 654.6 NA 0.9 66.3 32.2 -5.1976 684.9 NA 1.2 60.0 8.5 13.1977 697.2 NA 1.6 54.3 22.6 -3.1978 670.2 NA 3.0 40.7 -4.9 12.1979 781.1 NA 2.1 66.0 36.2 0.1980 829.7 NA 1.2 91.7 25.6 10.1981 823.8 NA 1.0 112.5 -19.0 -1.1982 838.1 NA 0.7 106.3 22.6 3.1983 782.1 NA 1.3 77.8 -29.5 -1.1984 895.9 NA 1.3 81.5 28.7 -4.1985 883.6 NA 2.0 92.7 -27.9 2.1986 890.3 NA 2.2 85.5 4.0 -1.1987 918.8 NA 1.7 79.6 6.5 -2.1988 950.3 NA 2.1 95.0 -24.9 -1.1989 980.7 1.4 2.9 100.8 -13.7 2.1990 1,029.1 3.3 2.7 105.8 26.5 -1.1991 996.0 4.0 3.4 109.0 -0.9 -3.1992 997.5 6.3 3.8 102.5 -3.0 0.1993 945.4 8.1 8.2 74.5 -51.9 -4.1994 1,033.5 8.2 8.9 71.4 23.6 4.1995 1,033.0 8.6 9.5 88.5 -0.3 0.1996 1,063.9 8.8 8.1 90.5 -17.5 1.1997 1,089.9 8.1 7.5 83.5 -11.3 3.1998 1,117.5 8.7 8.7 78.0 24.2 -4.1999 1,100.4 8.7 9.1 58.5 24.0 -2.2000 1,073.6 9.1 12.5 58.5 -48.3 0.2001 11,127.7 3 ( ) 19.8 48.7 41.6 -3.2002 1,094.3 3 ( ) 16.9 39.6 10.2 -5.2003 R1,071.8 3 ( ) 25.0 43.0 R-26.7 R-14.2004P 1,111.5 3 ( ) 27.3 48.0 -18.2 4.

1 Beginning in 2001, includes a small amount of refuse recovery. 2 Waste coal (including anthracite culm, bituminous gob, fine coal, and lignite waste) consumed by

independent power producers. For 1989-2000, waste coal is counted as a supply-side item to balance thesame amount of waste coal included in "Consumption."

3 Beginning in 2001, refuse recovery is included in "Production"; to avoid double counting, waste coal is

not counted as a separate supply-side item for 2001 forward.

4 A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks; a positive value indicates an increase. 5 "Losses and Unaccounted for" is calculated as the sum of production, imports, and waste coal, minus

exports, stock change, and consumption.

6 Through 1973, stock change is included in "Losses and Unaccounted for."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 million short tons. 

Notes: • See Note 1, "Coal Consumption," at end of s

components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see 

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelcoal.ht

Sources: Production: Table 7.2. Waste Coal: • 1989

(EIA), Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Repo"Annual Electric Generator Report-Nonutility." Imports: • 19Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report IM145." • 199October-December 2004 (March 2005), Table 1. Exports: Taband Unaccounted for: Calculated. Consumption: Table 7.3.
Figure 7.2 Coal Production, 1949-2004

Total By RankBy Mining Method By Location206 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Anthracite

Subbitu

1 Included in bituminous coal prior to 1969.Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared.

Source: Table 7.2.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

300600900

1,200

Million Short Tons

Bituminous

Coal

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

200400600800

Million Short Tons1.1 billion short tons In 2004

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

200400600800

Million Short TonsSurface

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

200400600800

Million Short Tons Underground

East of the Mississ

West of the Mississippi
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 7.2 Coal Production, Selected Years, 1949-2004

 (Million Short Tons)

Year

Rank Mining Method Locatio

Bituminous

Coal 1

Subbituminous

Coal Lignite Anthracite 1 Underground Surface 1

East of the 

Mississippi 1

1949 437.9 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 42.7 358.9 121.7 444.2 1950 516.3 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 44.1 421.0 139.4 524.4 1955 464.6 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 26.2 358.0 132.9 464.2 1960 415.5 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 18.8 292.6 141.7 413.0 1965 512.1 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 14.9 338.0 189.0 499.5 1970 578.5 16.4 8.0 9.7 340.5 272.1 567.8 1971 521.3 22.2 8.7 8.7 277.2 283.7 509.9 1972 556.8 27.5 11.0 7.1 305.0 297.4 538.2 1973 543.5 33.9 14.3 6.8 300.1 298.5 522.1 1974 545.7 42.2 15.5 6.6 278.0 332.1 518.1 1975 577.5 51.1 19.8 6.2 293.5 361.2 543.7 1976 588.4 64.8 25.5 6.2 295.5 389.4 548.8 1977 581.0 82.1 28.2 5.9 266.6 430.6 533.3 1978 534.0 96.8 34.4 5.0 242.8 427.4 487.2 1979 612.3 121.5 42.5 4.8 320.9 460.2 559.7 1980 628.8 147.7 47.2 6.1 337.5 492.2 578.7 1981 608.0 159.7 50.7 5.4 316.5 507.3 553.9 1982 620.2 160.9 52.4 4.6 339.2 499.0 564.3 1983 568.6 151.0 58.3 4.1 300.4 481.7 507.4 1984 649.5 179.2 63.1 4.2 352.1 543.9 587.6 1985 613.9 192.7 72.4 4.7 350.8 532.8 558.7 1986 620.1 189.6 76.4 4.3 360.4 529.9 564.4 1987 636.6 200.2 78.4 3.6 372.9 545.9 581.9 1988 638.1 223.5 85.1 3.6 382.2 568.1 579.6 1989 659.8 231.2 86.4 3.3 393.8 586.9 599.0 1990 693.2 244.3 88.1 3.5 424.5 604.5 630.2 1991 650.7 255.3 86.5 3.4 407.2 588.8 591.3 1992 651.8 252.2 90.1 3.5 407.2 590.3 588.6 1993 576.7 274.9 89.5 4.3 351.1 594.4 516.2 1994 640.3 300.5 88.1 4.6 399.1 634.4 566.3 1995 613.8 328.0 86.5 4.7 396.2 636.7 544.2 1996 630.7 340.3 88.1 4.8 409.8 654.0 563.7 1997 653.8 345.1 86.3 4.7 420.7 669.3 579.4 1998 640.6 385.9 85.8 5.3 417.7 699.8 570.6 1999 601.7 406.7 87.2 4.8 391.8 708.6 529.6 2000 574.3 409.2 85.6 4.6 373.7 700.0 507.5 2001 1611.3 434.4 80.0 11.9 380.6 1747.1 1528.8 2002 572.1 438.4 82.5 1.4 357.4 736.9 492.9 2003 R541.5 R442.6 R86.4 1.3 R352.8 R719.0 R469.2 2004 E546.6 E479.6 E83.5 E1.7 E367.5 E744.0 E484.1 

1 Beginning in 2001, includes a small amount of refuse recovery. 2 Included in "Bituminous Coal."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/coal.html.

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelcoal.html.

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, "Coal—Bituminous and Lignite" and

"Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite" chapters. • 1976—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy DataReports, Coal—Bituminous and Lignite in 1976 and Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite 1976. • 1977 and

1978—EIA, Energy Data Reports, Bituminous Coal and Lignit

1978, Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite 1977; 1978, and Coal 1980—EIA, Energy Data Reports, Weekly Coal Report • 1981-1988—EIA, Weekly Coal Production and Coal ProducCoal Industry Annual, annual reports. • 2001-2003—EIA• 2004—EIA, Quarterly Coal Report October-December 2004 "Coal Production Report"; and U.S. Department of Labor, Min7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Repo
Figure 7.3 Coal Consumption by Sector

By Sector, 1949-2004By Sector, 2004 Sector Shares, 1949 and 2004208 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Includes combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of electricity-only plants.2 For 1978 forward, small amounts of transportation sector use are included in “Industrial.”3 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants whose primary business is to sell

electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

(s)=Less than 0.5 million short tons or less than 0.5 percenSource: Table 7.3.

Residential, Commercial1,

and Transportation2

Industrial1

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

300600900

1,200

Million Short Tons Electric Power3

(s) 4

85

1,015

Residential Commercial1 Industrial1 Electric Power3

0

300600900

1,200

Million Short Tons

(s) (s)

8

11 13

44

Residential Commercial1 Industrial1 

0

255075

100

Percent

1949 2004
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 7.3 Coal Consumption by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2004

 (Million Short Tons)

Year

End-Use Sectors

Ele

Residential 

Commercial Industrial

CHP Transportation Total 2 Other 3 Total Coke Plants

Other Industrial

Total

Electricity

CHP Only 

4 Non-CHP 5 Total

1949 52.4 6 ( ) 64.1 64.1 91.4 7 ( ) 121.2 121.2 212.6 70.2 399.3 84.0 1950 51.6 6 ( ) 63.0 63.0 104.0 7 ( ) 120.6 120.6 224.6 63.0 402.2 91.9 1955 35.6 6 ( ) 32.9 32.9 107.7 7 ( ) 110.1 110.1 217.8 17.0 303.3 143.8 1960 24.2 6 ( ) 16.8 16.8 81.4 7 ( ) 96.0 96.0 177.4 3.0 221.4 176.7 1965 14.6 6 ( ) 11.0 11.0 95.3 7 ( ) 105.6 105.6 200.8 0.7 227.2 244.8 1970 9.0 6 ( ) 7.1 7.1 96.5 7 ( ) 90.2 90.2 186.6 0.3 203.0 320.2 1971 7.4 6 ( ) 7.8 7.8 83.2 7 ( ) 75.6 75.6 158.9 0.2 174.3 327.3 1972 5.0 6 ( ) 6.7 6.7 87.7 7 ( ) 72.9 72.9 160.6 0.2 172.5 351.8 1973 4.1 6 ( ) 7.0 7.0 94.1 7 ( ) 68.0 68.0 162.1 0.1 173.4 389.2 1974 3.7 6 ( ) 7.8 7.8 90.2 7 ( ) 64.9 64.9 155.1 0.1 166.6 391.8 1975 2.8 6 ( ) 6.6 6.6 83.6 7 ( ) 63.6 63.6 147.2 (s) 156.7 406.0 1976 2.6 6 ( ) 6.3 6.3 84.7 7 ( ) 61.8 61.8 146.5 (s) 155.4 448.4 1977 2.5 6 ( ) 6.4 6.4 77.7 7 ( ) 61.5 61.5 139.2 (s) 148.2 477.1 1978 2.2 6 ( ) 7.3 7.3 71.4 7 ( ) 63.1 63.1 134.5 7 ( ) 144.0 481.2 1979 1.7 6 ( ) 6.7 6.7 77.4 7 ( ) 67.7 67.7 145.1 7 ( ) 153.5 527.1 1980 1.4 6 ( ) 5.1 5.1 66.7 7 ( ) 60.3 60.3 127.0 7 ( ) 133.5 569.3 1981 1.3 6 ( ) 6.1 6.1 61.0 7 ( ) 67.4 67.4 128.4 7 ( ) 135.8 596.8 1982 1.4 6 ( ) 6.8 6.8 40.9 7 ( ) 64.1 64.1 105.0 7 ( ) 113.2 593.7 1983 1.4 6 ( ) 7.1 7.1 37.0 7 ( ) 66.0 66.0 103.0 7 ( ) 111.5 625.2 1984 1.7 6 ( ) 7.4 7.4 44.0 7 ( ) 73.7 73.7 117.8 7 ( ) 126.9 664.4 1985 1.7 6 ( ) 6.1 6.1 41.1 7 ( ) 75.4 75.4 116.4 7 ( ) 124.2 693.8 1986 1.8 6 ( ) 5.9 5.9 35.9 7 ( ) 75.6 75.6 111.5 7 ( ) 119.2 685.1 1987 1.6 6 ( ) 5.3 5.3 37.0 7 ( ) 75.2 75.2 112.1 7 ( ) 119.0 717.9 1988 1.6 6 ( ) 5.6 5.6 41.9 7 ( ) 76.3 76.3 118.1 7 ( ) 125.3 758.4 1989 1.3 1.1 3.7 4.9 40.5 24.9 51.3 76.1 116.6 7 ( ) 122.8 767.4 1990 1.3 1.2 4.2 5.4 38.9 27.8 48.5 76.3 115.2 7 ( ) 121.9 774.2 1991 1.1 1.2 3.8 5.0 33.9 27.0 48.4 75.4 109.3 7 ( ) 115.4 773.2 1992 1.1 1.2 3.9 5.0 32.4 28.2 45.8 74.0 106.4 7 ( ) 112.6 781.2 1993 1.1 1.4 3.7 5.1 31.3 28.9 46.0 74.9 106.2 7 ( ) 112.4 816.6 1994 0.9 1.3 3.8 5.1 31.7 29.7 45.5 75.2 106.9 7 ( ) 112.9 821.2 1995 0.8 1.4 3.6 5.1 33.0 29.4 43.7 73.1 106.1 7 ( ) 111.9 832.9 1996 0.7 1.7 3.6 5.3 31.7 29.4 42.3 71.7 103.4 7 ( ) 109.4 878.8 1997 0.7 1.7 4.0 5.8 30.2 29.9 41.7 71.5 101.7 7 ( ) 108.2 904.2 1998 0.5 1.4 2.9 4.3 28.2 28.6 38.9 67.4 95.6 7 ( ) 100.5 920.4 1999 0.6 1.5 2.8 4.3 28.1 27.8 37.0 64.7 92.8 7 ( ) 97.7 924.7 2000 0.5 1.5 2.1 3.7 28.9 28.0 37.2 65.2 94.1 7 ( ) 98.3 967.1 2001 0.5 1.4 2.4 3.9 26.1 25.8 39.5 65.3 91.3 7 ( ) 95.7 946.1 2002 0.5 1.4 2.6 4.0 23.7 26.2 34.5 60.7 84.4 7 ( ) 88.8 960.1 2003 0.5 R1.8 R2.0 R3.8 24.2 R24.8 R36.4 R61.3 R85.5 7 ( ) R89.7 R983.5 2004P 0.5 1.6 2.2 3.8 23.7 28.0 33.2 61.2 84.9 7 ( ) 89.1 992.2 

1 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North American

Industry Classification System) 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity andheat, to the public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electricutilities and independent power producers. Electric utility CHP plants are included in "Electricity Only."

2 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of commercial electricity-only

plants, such as those at hospitals and universities.

3 All commercial sector fuel use other than that in "Commercial CHP." 4 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and a small number of industrial electricity-only plants. 5 All industrial sector fuel use other than that in "Coke Plants" and "Industrial CHP." 6 Included in "Commercial Other." 7 Included in "Industrial Non-CHP."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 million short tons. Notes: • See Tables 8.5a-8.5d for the amount of coal used to produce electricity and Tables 8.6a-8.6c

for the amount of coal used to produce useful thermal output. • See Note 1, "Coal Consumption," and

Note 2, "Residential and Commercial Coal Consumption Estim

"Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see 

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelcoal.ht

Sources: Residential, Commercial Total, Coke Plants, Oth

• 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines (BOM), Minerals Yearbo"Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite" chapters. • 1976—Energy InfReports, Coal—Bituminous and Lignite in 1976 and Coal—Pe1978—EIA, Energy Data Reports, Coal—Pennsylvania Anthrac• 1979 and 1980—EIA, Energy Data Report, Weekly Coal RReport (QCR) October-December, quarterly reports. 1998 for(March 2005), Table 28. • Commercial CHP and Industrial CTables 8.5b, 8.5c, 8.6b, and 8.7b. All Other Data: Calculated.
Figure 7.4 Coal Exports by Country of Destination

Total and Europe, 1960-2004 By Selected Country, 2004By Selected Country, 1960-2004210 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared. Source: Table 7.4.

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

255075

100125

Million Short Tons

lands

17.8

4.4 4.4

2.5 

Canada Japan Brazil Nether- 

05

101520

Million Short Tons

Total

Europe

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

102030

Million Short Tons

N

Japan
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 7.4 Coal Exports by Country of Destination, 1960-2004

 (Million Short Tons)

Year Canada Brazil

Europe

Belgium

and

Luxembourg Denmark France Germany 1 Italy Netherlands Spain

United

Kingdom Other Total

1960 12.8 1.1 1.1 0.1 0.8 4.6 4.9 2.8 0.3 0.0 2.4 17.1 1961 12.1 1.0 1.0 0.1 0.7 4.3 4.8 2.6 0.2 0.0 2.0 15.7 1962 12.3 1.3 1.3 (s) 0.9 5.1 6.0 3.3 0.8 (s) 1.8 19.1 1963 14.6 1.2 2.7 (s) 2.7 5.6 7.9 5.0 1.5 0.0 2.4 27.7 1964 14.8 1.1 2.3 (s) 2.2 5.2 8.1 4.2 1.4 0.0 2.6 26.0 1965 16.3 1.2 2.2 (s) 2.1 4.7 9.0 3.4 1.4 (s) 2.3 25.1 1966 16.5 1.7 1.8 (s) 1.6 4.9 7.8 3.2 1.2 (s) 2.5 23.1 1967 15.8 1.7 1.4 0.0 2.1 4.7 5.9 2.2 1.0 0.0 2.1 19.4 1968 17.1 1.8 1.1 0.0 1.5 3.8 4.3 1.5 1.5 0.0 1.9 15.5 1969 17.3 1.8 0.9 0.0 2.3 3.5 3.7 1.6 1.8 0.0 1.3 15.2 1970 19.1 2.0 1.9 0.0 3.6 5.0 4.3 2.1 3.2 (s) 1.8 21.8 1971 18.0 1.9 0.8 0.0 3.2 2.9 2.7 1.6 2.6 1.7 1.1 16.6 1972 18.7 1.9 1.1 0.0 1.7 2.4 3.7 2.3 2.1 2.4 1.1 16.9 1973 16.7 1.6 1.2 0.0 2.0 1.6 3.3 1.8 2.2 0.9 1.3 14.4 1974 14.2 1.3 1.1 0.0 2.7 1.5 3.9 2.6 2.0 1.4 0.9 16.1 1975 17.3 2.0 0.6 0.0 3.6 2.0 4.5 2.1 2.7 1.9 1.6 19.0 1976 16.9 2.2 2.2 (s) 3.5 1.0 4.2 3.5 2.5 0.8 2.1 19.9 1977 17.7 2.3 1.5 0.1 2.1 0.9 4.1 2.0 1.6 0.6 2.1 15.0 1978 15.7 1.5 1.1 0.0 1.7 0.6 3.2 1.1 0.8 0.4 2.2 11.0 1979 19.5 2.8 3.2 0.2 3.9 2.6 5.0 2.0 1.4 1.4 4.4 23.9 1980 17.5 3.3 4.6 1.7 7.8 2.5 7.1 4.7 3.4 4.1 6.0 41.9 1981 18.2 2.7 4.3 3.9 9.7 4.3 10.5 6.8 6.4 2.3 8.8 57.0 1982 18.6 3.1 4.8 2.8 9.0 2.3 11.3 5.9 5.6 2.0 7.6 51.3 1983 17.2 3.6 2.5 1.7 4.2 1.5 8.1 4.2 3.3 1.2 6.4 33.1 1984 20.4 4.7 3.9 0.6 3.8 0.9 7.6 5.5 2.3 2.9 5.3 32.8 1985 16.4 5.9 4.4 2.2 4.5 1.1 10.3 6.3 3.5 2.7 10.3 45.1 1986 14.5 5.7 4.4 2.1 5.4 0.8 10.4 5.6 2.6 2.9 8.4 42.6 1987 16.2 5.8 4.6 0.9 2.9 0.5 9.5 4.1 2.5 2.6 6.6 34.2 1988 19.2 5.3 6.5 2.8 4.3 0.7 11.1 5.1 2.5 3.7 8.5 45.1 1989 16.8 5.7 7.1 3.2 6.5 0.7 11.2 6.1 3.3 4.5 8.9 51.6 1990 15.5 5.8 8.5 3.2 6.9 1.1 11.9 8.4 3.8 5.2 9.5 58.4 1991 11.2 7.1 7.5 4.7 9.5 1.7 11.3 9.6 4.7 6.2 10.4 65.5 1992 15.1 6.4 7.2 3.8 8.1 1.0 9.3 9.1 4.5 5.6 8.5 57.3 1993 8.9 5.2 5.2 0.3 4.0 0.5 6.9 5.6 4.1 4.1 6.9 37.6 1994 9.2 5.5 4.9 0.5 2.9 0.3 7.5 4.9 4.1 3.4 7.3 35.8 1995 9.4 6.4 4.5 2.1 3.7 2.0 9.1 7.3 4.7 4.7 10.7 48.6 1996 12.0 6.5 4.6 1.3 3.9 1.1 9.2 7.1 4.1 6.2 9.8 47.2 1997 15.0 7.5 4.3 0.4 3.4 0.9 7.0 4.8 4.1 7.2 9.2 41.3 1998 20.7 6.5 3.2 0.3 3.2 1.2 5.3 4.5 3.2 5.9 6.9 33.8 1999 19.8 4.4 2.1 0.0 2.5 0.6 4.0 3.4 2.5 3.2 4.3 22.5 2000 18.8 4.5 2.9 0.1 3.0 1.0 3.7 2.6 2.7 3.3 5.7 25.0 2001 17.6 4.6 2.8 0.0 2.2 0.9 5.4 2.1 1.6 2.5 3.3 20.8 2002 16.7 3.5 2.4 0.0 1.3 1.0 3.1 1.7 1.9 1.9 2.4 15.6 2003 20.8 3.5 1.8 0.3 1.3 0.5 2.8 2.0 1.8 1.5 3.2 15.1 2004 17.8 4.4 1.7 0.1 1.1 0.6 2.1 2.5 1.5 2.0 3.6 15.2 

1 Through 1990, data for Germany are for the former West Germany only. Beginning in 1991, data for

Germany are for the unified Germany, i.e., the former East Germany and West Germany.

(s)=Less than 0.05 million short tons. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Sources: • 1960-1988—U.S. Department of Commerce, 

Schedule B Commodities, EM 522. • 1989-2000—Energy InfoAnnual, annual reports. • 2001 forward—EIA, Quarterly Coal R
Figure 7.5 Coal Stocks

Total and Electric Power Sector Stocks, 1949-2004 By Holding Entity, 2004By Holding Entity, 1949-2004212 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants whose primary business is to sell

electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

Notes: • Stocks are at end of year. • Because vertical sca

compared.

Source: Table 7.5.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

50

100150200250

Million Short Tons

Power Sector1 

Total

Electric

Power Sector1

and Distributors

107

34

Electric Producers 

0

255075

100125

Million Short Tons

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

50

100150200

Million Short Tons

Electric Power Sector1

End-

Produce
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 7.5 Coal Stocks by Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2004

 (Million Short Tons)

Year

Producers

and

Distributors

End-Use Sectors

S

Residential

and

Commercial

Industrial

Coke Plants Other Total 1 Total

1949 NA 1.4 10.0 16.1 26.0 27.4 1950 NA 2.5 16.8 26.2 43.0 45.5 1955 NA 1.0 13.4 15.9 29.3 30.3 1960 NA 0.7 11.1 11.6 22.8 23.4 1965 NA 0.4 10.6 13.1 23.8 24.1 1970 NA 0.3 9.0 11.8 20.8 21.1 1971 NA 0.3 7.3 5.6 12.9 13.2 1972 NA 0.3 9.1 7.6 16.7 17.0 1973 12.5 0.3 7.0 10.4 17.4 17.7 1974 11.6 0.3 6.2 6.6 12.8 13.1 1975 12.1 0.2 8.8 8.5 17.3 17.6 1976 14.2 0.2 9.9 7.1 17.0 17.2 1977 14.2 0.2 12.8 11.1 23.9 24.1 1978 20.7 0.4 8.3 9.0 17.3 17.7 1979 20.8 0.3 10.2 11.8 21.9 22.3 1980 24.4 NA 9.1 12.0 21.0 21.0 1981 24.1 NA 6.5 9.9 16.4 16.4 1982 36.8 NA 4.6 9.5 14.1 14.1 1983 33.9 NA 4.3 8.7 13.1 13.1 1984 34.1 NA 6.2 11.3 17.5 17.5 1985 33.1 NA 3.4 10.4 13.9 13.9 1986 32.1 NA 3.0 10.4 13.4 13.4 1987 28.3 NA 3.9 10.8 14.7 14.7 1988 30.4 NA 3.1 8.8 11.9 11.9 1989 29.0 NA 2.9 7.4 10.2 10.2 1990 33.4 NA 3.3 8.7 12.0 12.0 1991 33.0 NA 2.8 7.1 9.8 9.8 1992 34.0 NA 2.6 7.0 9.6 9.6 1993 25.3 NA 2.4 6.7 9.1 9.1 1994 33.2 NA 2.7 6.6 9.2 9.2 1995 34.4 NA 2.6 5.7 8.3 8.3 1996 28.6 NA 2.7 5.7 8.4 8.4 1997 34.0 NA 2.0 5.6 7.6 7.6 1998 36.5 NA 2.0 5.5 7.6 7.6 1999 39.5 NA 1.9 5.6 7.5 7.5 2000 31.9 NA 1.5 4.6 6.1 6.1 2001 35.9 NA 1.5 6.0 7.5 7.5 2002 43.3 NA 1.4 5.8 7.2 7.2 2003 R38.3 NA 0.9 4.7 5.6 5.6 2004P 34.4 NA 1.3 4.8 6.2 6.2 

1 Includes transportation sector. 2 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North American

Industry Classification System) 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity andheat, to the public. Through 1998, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1999, data are for electricutilities and independent power producers.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Notes: • Stocks are at end of year. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent

rounding.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/coal.html.

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelcoal.ht

Sources: Producers and Distributors and End-Use Se

Minerals Yearbook, "Coal—Bituminous and Lignite" and "C• 1976—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energy Data 1976 and Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite 1976. • 1977 Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite 1977; 1978, and Weekly Coal RWeekly Coal Report. • 1980-1997—EIA, Quarterly Coal Rereports. • 1998 forward—EIA, QCR October-December 2004 Sector: Table 8.8. All Other Data: Calculated.
Figure 7.6 Coal Mining Productivity

Total, 1949-2004 Mining Methods, 2004 LocatiMining Method,1 1949-2004 East of the Mississippi, 2004 West o214 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 For 1979 forward, includes all coal; prior to 1979, excludes anthracite.

Notes: • Beginning in 2001, surface mining includes a small amount of refuse recovery.

• Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be comSource: Table 7.6.

05

101520

Short Tons per Miner Hour

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

2

468

Short Tons per Miner Hour

3.97

10.50

Underground Surface

0369

12

Short Tons per Miner Hour 1.77 in 1978

6.81 in 2004

05

10152025

Short Tons per Miner Hour

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0369

12

Short Tons per Miner Hour 3.62 3.90

Underground Surface

0

2

46

Short Tons per Miner Hour Surface

Underground
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 7.6 Coal Mining Productivity, Selected Years, 1949-2004

 (Short Tons per Miner Hour 1

)

Year

Mining Method Location 

Underground Surface 2 

East of the Mississippi West of the Mississippi 

Underground Surface 2 Total 2 Underground Surface 2 

1949 30.68 31.92 NA NA NA NA NA 1950 30.72 31.96 NA NA NA NA NA 1955 31.04 32.65 NA NA NA NA NA 1960 31.33 32.91 NA NA NA NA NA 1965 31.75 34.10 NA NA NA NA NA 1970 31.72 34.53 NA NA NA NA NA 1971 31.50 34.49 NA NA NA NA NA 1972 31.49 34.54 NA NA NA NA NA 1973 31.46 34.58 NA NA NA NA NA 1974 31.41 34.74 NA NA NA NA NA 1975 31.19 33.26 NA NA NA NA NA 1976 31.14 33.25 NA NA NA NA NA 1977 31.09 33.16 NA NA NA NA NA 1978 31.04 33.03 NA NA NA NA NA 1979 1.13 3.08 NA NA NA NA NA 1980 1.20 3.21 NA NA NA NA NA 1981 1.29 3.42 NA NA NA NA NA 1982 1.37 3.36 NA NA NA NA NA 1983 1.61 3.81 NA NA NA NA NA 1984 1.72 4.03 1.69 2.56 1.98 2.49 8.15 1985 1.78 4.24 1.75 2.52 2.00 2.45 8.61 1986 2.00 4.60 1.96 2.75 2.21 2.80 9.02 1987 2.20 4.98 2.16 2.97 2.42 3.39 9.86 1988 2.38 5.32 2.32 2.99 2.54 3.55 10.73 1989 2.46 5.61 2.39 3.13 2.63 3.92 11.86 1990 2.54 5.94 2.46 3.32 2.73 4.01 12.26 1991 2.69 6.38 2.59 3.49 2.86 4.53 12.36 1992 2.93 6.59 2.82 3.61 3.07 4.85 12.49 1993 2.95 7.23 2.81 3.74 3.11 5.18 13.94 1994 3.19 7.67 3.02 3.85 3.28 5.93 15.19 1995 3.39 8.48 3.19 4.03 3.45 6.32 16.23 1996 3.57 9.05 3.36 4.25 3.63 7.03 17.89 1997 3.83 9.46 3.63 4.49 3.89 6.82 18.63 1998 3.90 9.58 3.69 4.31 3.89 6.76 18.82 1999 3.99 10.39 3.74 4.48 3.97 7.45 19.57 2000 4.15 11.01 3.89 4.82 4.18 7.66 20.04 2001 4.02 210.58 3.71 24.53 23.98 8.39 220.63 2002 3.98 10.36 3.67 4.22 3.86 7.80 20.67 2003 R4.04 R10.75 R3.68 R4.18 3.85 R8.33 R21.42 2004P 3.97 10.50 3.62 3.90 3.72 8.10 22.13 

1 Data through 1973 for bituminous, subbituminous, and lignite mines, and data through 1978 for

anthracite mines, were originally reported in short tons per miner day. The data were converted to shorttons per miner hour by assuming an eight-hour day. All remaining data were calculated by dividing totalproduction by total labor hours worked by all mine employees except office workers.

2 Beginning in 2001, includes a small amount of refuse recovery. 3 Anthracite mining productivity is unavailable by underground and surface but is included in "Total."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/coal.html.

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelcoal.html.

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearb

"Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite" chapters. • 1976—Energy InfReports, Coal—Bituminous and Lignite in 1976 and Coal—Pe1978—EIA, Energy Data Reports, Bituminous Coal and Lignit1978 and Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite 1977; 1978. • Production—1979. • 1980-1988—EIA, Coal Production, annuaAnnual, annual reports. • 2001-2003—EIA, Annual Coal RepEIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of LabForm 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production 
Figure 7.7 Coke Overview

Production and Consumption, 1949-2004Overview, 2004 Trade, 1949-2004216 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared. Source: Table 7.7.

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

20406080

Million Short Tons

Consumption

Production

17

7

1

22

Production Imports Exports Consumption

05

10152025

Million Short Tons

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

2

468

Million Short Tons

Imports

Exports
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 7.7 Coke Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2004

 (Million Short Tons)

Year Production Imports Exports Stock Change 1 

1949 63.6 0.3 0.5 0.2 1950 72.7 0.4 0.4 -0.7 1955 75.3 0.1 0.5 -1.2 1960 57.2 0.1 0.4 0.1 1965 66.9 0.1 0.8 0.7 1970 66.5 0.2 2.5 1.0 1971 57.4 0.2 1.5 -0.6 1972 60.5 0.2 1.2 -0.6 1973 64.3 1.1 1.4 -1.7 1974 61.6 3.5 1.3 -0.2 1975 57.2 1.8 1.3 4.1 1976 58.3 1.3 1.3 1.5 1977 53.5 1.8 1.2 (s) 1978 49.0 5.7 0.7 -2.9 1979 52.9 4.0 1.4 1.7 1980 46.1 0.7 2.1 3.4 1981 42.8 0.5 1.2 -1.9 1982 28.1 0.1 1.0 1.5 1983 25.8 (s) 0.7 -4.7 1984 30.4 0.6 1.0 0.2 1985 28.4 0.6 1.1 -1.2 1986 24.9 0.3 1.0 -0.5 1987 26.3 0.9 0.6 -1.0 1988 28.9 2.7 1.1 0.5 1989 28.0 2.3 1.1 0.3 1990 27.6 0.8 0.6 (s) 1991 24.0 1.2 0.8 0.2 1992 23.4 2.1 0.7 -0.2 1993 23.2 2.2 1.1 -0.4 1994 22.7 3.3 1.0 -0.5 1995 23.7 3.8 1.4 0.4 1996 23.1 2.5 1.6 (s) 1997 22.1 3.1 1.3 (s) 1998 20.0 3.8 1.1 -0.4 1999 20.0 3.2 0.9 -0.1 2000 20.8 3.8 1.1 0.2 2001 18.9 2.5 1.3 -0.1 2002 16.8 3.2 0.8 -0.4 2003 17.2 2.8 0.7 -0.2 2004P 16.9 6.9 1.3 (s) 

1 Producer and distributor stocks at end of year. A negative value indicates a decrease in stocks; a

positive value indicates an increase.

2 "Consumption" is calculated as the sum of production and imports minus exports and stock change.

P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.05 million short tons. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/coal.html.

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelcoal.ht

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearb

• 1976-1980—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Energannual reports. • 1981-1997—EIA, Quarterly Coal Report (Q• 1998 forward—EIA, QCR October-December 2004 (March 200
Figure 7.8 Coal Prices

Total, 1949-2004By Type, 1949-2004 By Type, 2004218 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

204060

Dollars1 per Short Ton

Anthracite

Lignite

Subbituminous Coal

Peak

1975: $50.92

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

306090

Dollars1 per Short Ton

60.16

30.47

12.35

Anthracite Bituminous Lignite 

0

10203040506070

Dollars2 per Short Ton

Coal 

Bituminous Coal

1 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic implicit price deflators. 

See Table D1.

2 Nominal dollars.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Source: Table 7.8.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 7.8 Coal Prices, Selected Years, 1949-2004

 (Dollars per Short Ton)

Year

Bituminous Coal Subbituminous Coal Lignite 1 Anthracite 

Nominal Real 2 Nominal Real 2 Nominal Real 2 Nominal Real 2 

1949 34.90 329.97 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 2.37 14.49 8.90 54.43 1950 34.86 329.40 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 2.41 14.58 9.34 56.50 1955 34.51 324.06 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 2.38 12.70 8.00 42.68 1960 34.71 322.38 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 2.29 10.88 8.01 38.07 1965 34.45 319.75 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 2.13 9.45 8.51 37.76 1970 36.30 322.88 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 1.86 6.76 11.03 40.06 1971 37.13 324.66 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 1.93 6.68 12.08 41.78 1972 37.78 325.79 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 2.04 6.76 12.40 41.11 1973 38.71 327.35 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 2.09 6.56 13.65 42.86 1974 316.01 346.11 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 2.19 6.31 22.19 63.90 1975 319.79 352.08 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3.17 8.34 32.26 84.89 1976 320.11 350.03 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3.74 9.30 33.92 84.39 1977 320.59 348.16 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 4.03 9.43 34.86 81.54 1978 322.64 349.48 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 5.68 12.41 35.25 77.04 1979 27.31 55.12 9.55 19.27 6.48 13.08 41.06 82.87 1980 29.17 53.98 11.08 20.50 7.60 14.06 42.51 78.66 1981 31.51 53.30 12.18 20.60 8.85 14.97 44.28 74.90 1982 32.15 51.25 13.37 21.31 9.79 15.61 49.85 79.47 1983 31.11 47.71 13.03 19.98 9.91 15.20 52.29 80.19 1984 30.63 45.27 12.41 18.34 10.45 15.45 48.22 71.27 1985 30.78 44.15 12.57 18.03 10.68 15.32 45.80 65.70 1986 28.84 40.48 12.26 17.21 10.64 14.93 44.12 61.92 1987 28.19 38.51 11.32 15.47 10.85 14.82 43.65 59.63 1988 27.66 36.54 10.45 13.81 10.06 13.29 44.16 58.34 1989 27.40 34.88 10.16 12.93 9.91 12.62 42.93 54.65 1990 27.43 33.62 9.70 11.89 10.13 12.42 39.40 48.29 1991 27.49 32.55 9.68 11.46 10.89 12.90 36.34 43.03 1992 26.78 31.00 9.68 11.21 10.81 12.51 34.24 39.64 1993 26.15 29.59 9.33 10.56 11.11 12.57 32.94 37.27 1994 25.68 28.45 8.37 9.27 10.77 11.93 36.07 39.96 1995 25.56 27.75 8.10 8.79 10.83 11.76 39.78 43.19 1996 25.17 26.82 7.87 8.39 10.92 11.64 36.78 39.19 1997 24.64 25.82 7.42 7.78 10.91 11.43 35.12 36.81 1998 24.87 25.78 6.96 7.21 11.08 11.49 42.91 44.48 1999 23.92 24.44 6.87 7.02 11.04 11.28 35.13 35.90 2000 24.15 24.15 7.12 7.12 11.41 11.41 40.90 40.90 2001 25.36 24.77 6.67 R6.51 11.52 11.25 47.67 R46.55 2002 26.57 R25.53 7.34 R7.05 11.07 R10.63 47.78 R45.90 2003 R26.73 R25.22 R7.73 R7.29 R11.20 R10.57 R49.55 R46.75 2004E 30.47 28.15 8.51 7.86 12.35 11.41 60.16 55.58 

1 Because of withholding to protect company confidentiality, lignite prices exclude Texas for 1955-1977

and Montana for 1974-1978. As a result, lignite prices for 1974-1977 are for North Dakota only.

2 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See

Table D1.

3 Through 1978, subbituminous coal is included in "Bituminous Coal."

R=Revised. E=Estimate. Note: Prices are free-on-board (f.o.b.) rail/barge prices, which are the f.o.b. prices of coal at the point of

first sale, excluding freight or shipping and insurance costs. See "Free on Board (F.O.B.)" in Glossary.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/coal.html.

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelcoal.html.

Sources: • 1949-1975—Bureau of Mines (BOM), Minerals 

Administration (EIA), Energy Data Report, Coal—Bituminous Yearbook. • 1977 and 1978—EIA, Energy Data Reports, BiMine Operations, and Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite. • 1979Report, Coal—Pennsylvania Anthracite. • 1980-1992—• 1993-2000—EIA, Coal Industry Annual, annual reports and uAnnual Coal Report, annual reports. • 2004—EIA, Form EIDepartment of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Fand Coal Production Report."
Coal

Note 1. Coal Consumption. Data in this report on the consumption of bituminouscoal, subbituminous coal, lignite, anthracite, and waste coal are developed primarilyfrom consumption data reported in surveys. Included are data reported by all electric power companies and coke plant companies. Data on coal consumption by allindustrial and manufacturing establishments and by the residential and commercialsectors are based on distribution data obtained quarterly from coal companies.Included in each sector’s data are the following: Residential and CommercialSectors—retail dealer sales to households and small commercial establishments;Industrial Sector—consumption at manufacturing plants, large commercial establishments, coking plants, and by agriculture, mining (other than coal mining), andconstruction industries; Transportation Sector—sales to railroads and for vesselbunkering; Electric Power Sector (electric utilities and independent power producers)—consumption for electricity generation and useful thermal output atelectricity-only and CHP plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primarybusiness is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.Note 2. Residential and Commercial Coal Consumption Estimates. Coalconsumption by the residential and commercial sectors is reported to the Energy

Information Administration (EIA) for the two sectoramount consumed by the sectors individually. Prevpercent residential and 60 percent commercial for e

results in variation over time. Beginning in 1949, a percent, is assigned to the residential sector; the sharhas been 11 percent since 2000. To create the estimoccupied coal-heated housing unit consumes fuel aheated housing unit. Then, for the years in which daof occupied housing units by heating source (1950subsequent odd-numbered years (Table 2.7)), residenthe following steps: a ratio is created of the numbheated by coal to the number of housing units heate

by the Btu quantity of oil used by the residential sect

of coal used by the residential sector; and the residenand commercial use is calculated. The 1950 share is ais applied to 2004; and the other missing years’ share

220 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004
Electricity

8

High-tension power lines and towers. Source: U.S. Department of Energy.

Diagram 5. Electricity Flow, 2004

(Quadrillion Btu)

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Coal

20.58

Petroleum 1.28

Nuclear Electric Power

8.23

Energy Consumed

To Generate

Electricity

40.77

Gross

Generationof Electricity

14.20

c

Unaccounted for

0.43

d

Other

Gases

0.21

a

End

Use

12.68

Conversion

Losses

26.57

Fossil

Fuels

28.25

Re

Sa

12.

Other

0.02

b 

Net Imports

of Electricity

0.04

Natural Gas 6.18

Renewable Energy 4.27

Net

Generation

of Electricity

13.49

a Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from

fossil fuels.

b Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous

technologies.

c Estimated as net generation divided by 0.95.d Data collection frame differences and nonsampling error.e Electric energy used in the operation of power plants, estimated as 5 percent of gross

generation.

f Transmission and distribution losses (electricity losses 

generation and delivery to the customer) are estimated as 

g Use of electricity that is 1) self-generated, 2) produced 

consumes the power or an affiliate, and 3) used in direct sess located within the same facility or group of facillities thDirect use is exclusive of station use. 

Notes: • See Note, “Electrical System Energy Losses, 

not equal sum of components due to independent roundin

Sources: Tables 8.1, 8.4a, 8.9, and A6 (column 4).
Figure 8.1 Electricity Overview

Overview, 2004 Electricity Trade, 1949-2004Net-Generation-to-End-Use Flow, 2004(Billion Kilowatthours)224 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power plants within the NAICS 22 category whose

primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.

2 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and other energy

service providers.

3 Commercial and industrial facility use of onsite net electricity generation; and electricity

sales among adjacent or co-located facilities for which revenue information is not available.

4 Transmission and distribution losses (electricity losses th

generation and delivery to the customer). See Note, “Electhe end of Section 2.

5 Data collection frame differences and nonsampling error.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Sources: Tables 8.1 and 8.9.

3,794

7 152 34 23

3,551

166

Electric Com- Indus- Imports Exports Retail Direct

0

1,5003,0004,500

Billion Kilowatthours

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

102030405060

Billion Kilowatthours Imports

Sales2 Use3

Expor

Power1 mercial trial

Net Generation Trade End Use

Imports

34

T & D Losses and 4

Unaccounted for

248

Exports

23

5

Electric Power

Sector

3,794

Commercial

and Industrial

159

Total

End Use

3,717

Retail

Sales3,551

Total

Net Generation

3,953

Reside

1,29

Comme

1,22

Indust

1,02
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 8.1 Electricity Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2004

 (Billion Kilowatthours)

Year

Net Generation Imports 1 Exports 1 T & D Losses 5

and

Unaccounted

for 6

Electric Power

Sector 2

Commercial

Sector 3

Industrial

Sector 4 Total

From

Canada Total

To

Canada Total

Retai

Sales 

1949 291 NA 5 296 NA 2 NA (s) 43 255 1950 329 NA 5 334 NA 2 NA (s) 44 291 1955 547 NA 3 550 NA 5 NA (s) 58 497 1960 756 NA 4 759 NA 5 NA 1 76 688 1965 1,055 NA 3 1,058 NA 4 NA 4 104 954 1970 1,532 NA 3 1,535 NA 6 NA 4 145 1,392 1971 1,613 NA 3 1,616 NA 7 NA 4 150 1,470 1972 1,750 NA 3 1,753 NA 10 NA 3 166 1,595 1973 1,861 NA 3 1,864 NA 17 NA 3 165 1,713 1974 1,867 NA 3 1,870 NA 15 NA 3 177 1,706 1975 1,918 NA 3 1,921 NA 11 NA 5 180 1,747 1976 2,038 NA 3 2,041 NA 11 NA 2 194 1,855 1977 2,124 NA 3 2,127 NA 20 NA 3 197 1,948 1978 2,206 NA 3 2,209 NA 21 NA 1 211 2,018 1979 2,247 NA 3 2,251 NA 23 NA 2 200 2,071 1980 2,286 NA 3 2,290 NA 25 NA 4 216 2,094 1981 2,295 NA 3 2,298 NA 36 NA 3 184 2,147 1982 2,241 NA 3 2,244 NA 33 NA 4 187 2,086 1983 2,310 NA 3 2,313 NA 39 NA 3 198 2,151 1984 2,416 NA 3 2,419 NA 42 NA 3 173 2,286 1985 2,470 NA 3 2,473 NA 46 NA 5 190 2,324 1986 2,487 NA 3 2,490 NA 41 NA 5 158 2,369 1987 2,572 NA 3 2,575 NA 52 NA 6 164 2,457 1988 2,704 NA 3 2,707 NA 39 NA 7 161 2,578 1989 22,848 4 4115 2,967 NA 26 NA 15 223 2,647 1990 2,901 6 131 3,038 16 18 16 16 R203 2,713 1991 2,936 6 133 3,074 20 22 2 2 R207 2,762 1992 2,934 6 143 3,084 26 28 2 3 R212 2,763 1993 3,044 7 146 3,197 29 31 3 4 R224 2,861 1994 3,089 8 151 3,248 45 47 1 2 R211 2,935 1995 3,194 8 151 3,353 41 43 2 4 R229 3,013 1996 3,284 9 151 3,444 42 43 2 3 R231 3,101 1997 3,329 9 154 3,492 43 43 7 9 R224 3,146 1998 3,457 9 154 3,620 40 40 12 14 221 3,264 1999 3,530 9 156 3,695 43 43 13 14 R240 3,312 2000 3,638 8 157 3,802 49 49 13 15 R244 3,421 2001 3,580 7 149 3,737 38 39 16 16 R226 3,370 2002 3,698 7 153 3,858 36 36 13 14 R253 3,463 2003 R3,721 R7 R155 R3,883 29 30 24 24 R233 R3,488 2004P 3,794 7 152 3,953 33 34 22 23 248 3,551 

1 Electricity transmitted across U.S. borders with Canada and Mexico. 2 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North American

Industry Classification System) 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity andheat, to the public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electricutilities and independent power producers. 3 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants. 4 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants. Through 1988, dataare for industrial hydroelectric power only. 5 Transmission and distribution losses (electricity losses that occur between the point of generation anddelivery to the customer). See Note, "Electrical System Energy Losses," at end of Section 2. 6 Data collection frame differences and nonsampling error. 7 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, other energyservice providers. 8 Use of electricity that is 1) self-generated, 2) produced by either the same entity that consumes thepower or an affiliate, and 3) used in direct support of a service or industrial process located within the samefacility or group of facilities that house the generating equipment. Direct use is exclusive of station use.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 billion kilowatthours.Notes: • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into

Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independentrounding.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/elect.html.

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html.

Sources: Net Generation, Electric Power Sector: Table 8.2

Table 8.2d. Net Generation, Industrial Sector: • 1949-Sep(FPC), Form FPC-4, "Monthly Power Plant Report," for planmegawatts, and FPC, Form FPC-12C, "Industrial Electric G• October 1977-1978—Federal Energy Regulatory CommissiPlant Report," for plants with generating capacity exceeding 1"Industrial Electric Generating Capacity," for all other plants. • 1Plant Report," for plants with generating capacity exceeding 10 plants. • 1980-1988—Estimated by EIA as the average gener• 1989 forward—Table 8.2d. Net Generation, Total: • 1949-September 1977—Unpublished FPC data. • OcRegulatory Administration (ERA) data. • 1981—DepartmEmergency Operations, "Report on Electric Energy Exchanges w1981," April 1982 (revised June 1982). • 1982 and 1983—International Borders. • 1984-1986—DOE, ERA, Electricity • 1987 and 1988—DOE, ERA, Form ERA-781R, "Annual RepData." • 1989—DOE, Fossil Energy, Form FE-781R, "AExport/Import Data." • 1990 forward—National Energy Board oof Fuels Programs, Form FE-781R, "Export/Import Data." FoIndependent System Operator were used in combination witelectricity trade with Mexico. T & D Losses and Unaccountegeneration and imports minus total end use and exports. End U
Figure 8.2a Electricity Net Generation, Total (All Sectors)

Total (All Sectors) and Sectors, 1989-2004 By Source Category, 2004 By Source, 2004By Major Sources, 1949-2004226 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Petroleum, wood, waste, geothermal, other gases, wind, solar, and other.2 Conventional hydroelectric power and pumped storage.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Sources: Tables 8.2a, 8.2b, and 8.2d.

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003

0

1

2

345

Trillion Kilowatthours

2.8

0.8

0.4

Fossil Nuclear Renewable

0

1

2

3

Trillion Kilowatthours 

20%

7%

18%

Total 6%

 (All Sectors)

Natural

Gas

Other1

Electric Power

Hydroelectric

Power2

Nuclear

Electric Power

Fuels

Commercial and Industrial

Electric

Power

Energy

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0.00.51.01.52.0

Trillion Kilowatthours

Nu

Petroleum and

Natural Gas

H
Figure 8.2b Electricity Net Generation by Sector

By Sector, 2004 Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, 1989-20Industrial and Commercial Sectors, 2004

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

1 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from

fossil fuels. 2 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous

technologies.

(s) = Less than 0.05 trillion kilowatthours.(ss) = Less than 0.5 billion kilowatthours.Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not Sources: Tables 8.2b-8.2d.

3.8

0.2

(s)

Electric Power Industrial Commercial

0

1

2

34

Trillion Kilowatthours

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 

0

1

2

34

Trillion Kilowatthours

Electricity-O

Combined-Heat-and

4

(ss) 1 0 (ss) (ss) 2 

77

28

21

13

5 5 1 

Natural Gas Wood Coal Other Gases1 Conventional Petroleum Waste 

0

306090

Billion Kilowatthours

Industrial Commercial

Hydroelectric

Power
228 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Table 8.2a Electricity Net Generation: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2004

 (Sum of Tables 8.2b and 8.2d; Billion Kilowatthours)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage 5

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power Wood 6 Waste 7

Geothermal Solar 8 Wind 

1949 135.5 28.5 37.0 NA 201.0 0.0 10 ( ) 94.8 0.4 NA NA NA N1950 154.5 33.7 44.6 NA 232.8 0.0 10 ( ) 100.9 0.4 NA NA NA N1955 301.4 37.1 95.3 NA 433.8 0.0 10 ( ) 116.2 0.3 NA NA NA N1960 403.1 48.0 158.0 NA 609.0 0.5 10 ( ) 149.4 0.1 NA (s) NA N1965 570.9 64.8 221.6 NA 857.3 3.7 10 ( ) 197.0 0.3 NA 0.2 NA N1970 704.4 184.2 372.9 NA 1,261.5 21.8 10 ( ) 251.0 0.1 0.2 0.5 NA N1971 713.1 220.2 374.0 NA 1,307.4 38.1 10 ( ) 269.5 0.1 0.2 0.5 NA N1972 771.1 274.3 375.7 NA 1,421.2 54.1 10 ( ) 275.9 0.1 0.2 1.5 NA N1973 847.7 314.3 340.9 NA 1,502.9 83.5 10 ( ) 275.4 0.1 0.2 2.0 NA N1974 828.4 300.9 320.1 NA 1,449.4 114.0 10 ( ) 304.2 0.1 0.2 2.5 NA N1975 852.8 289.1 299.8 NA 1,441.7 172.5 10 ( ) 303.2 (s) 0.2 3.2 NA N1976 944.4 320.0 294.6 NA 1,559.0 191.1 10 ( ) 286.9 0.1 0.2 3.6 NA N1977 985.2 358.2 305.5 NA 1,648.9 250.9 10 ( ) 223.6 0.3 0.2 3.6 NA N1978 975.7 365.1 305.4 NA 1,646.2 276.4 10 ( ) 283.5 0.2 0.1 3.0 NA N1979 1,075.0 303.5 329.5 NA 1,708.0 255.2 10 ( ) 283.1 0.3 0.2 3.9 NA N1980 1,161.6 246.0 346.2 NA 1,753.8 251.1 10 ( ) 279.2 0.3 0.2 5.1 NA N1981 1,203.2 206.4 345.8 NA 1,755.4 272.7 10 ( ) 263.8 0.2 0.1 5.7 NA N1982 1,192.0 146.8 305.3 NA 1,644.1 282.8 10 ( ) 312.4 0.2 0.1 4.8 NA N1983 1,259.4 144.5 274.1 NA 1,678.0 293.7 10 ( ) 335.3 0.2 0.2 6.1 NA (1984 1,341.7 119.8 297.4 NA 1,758.9 327.6 10 ( ) 324.3 0.5 0.4 7.7 (s) (1985 1,402.1 100.2 291.9 NA 1,794.3 383.7 10 ( ) 284.3 0.7 0.6 9.3 (s) (1986 1,385.8 136.6 248.5 NA 1,770.9 414.0 10 ( ) 294.0 0.5 0.7 10.3 (s) (1987 1,463.8 118.5 272.6 NA 1,854.9 455.3 10 ( ) 252.9 0.8 0.7 10.8 (s) (1988 1,540.7 148.9 252.8 NA 1,942.4 527.0 10 ( ) 226.1 0.9 0.7 10.3 (s) (198911 1,583.8 164.5 352.6 7.9 2,108.8 529.4 10 ( ) 272.0 27.2 9.2 14.6 0.3 21990 1,594.0 126.6 372.8 10.4 2,103.8 576.9 -3.5 292.9 32.5 13.3 15.4 0.4 21991 1,590.6 119.8 381.6 11.3 2,103.3 612.6 -4.5 289.0 33.7 15.7 16.0 0.5 31992 1,621.2 100.2 404.1 13.3 2,138.7 618.8 -4.2 253.1 36.5 17.8 16.1 0.4 21993 1,690.1 112.8 414.9 13.0 2,230.7 610.3 -4.0 280.5 37.6 18.3 16.8 0.5 31994 1,690.7 105.9 460.2 13.3 2,270.1 640.4 -3.4 260.1 37.9 19.1 15.5 0.5 31995 1,709.4 74.6 496.1 13.9 2,293.9 673.4 -2.7 310.8 36.5 20.4 13.4 0.5 31996 1,795.2 81.4 455.1 14.4 2,346.0 674.7 -3.1 347.2 36.8 20.9 14.3 0.5 31997 1,845.0 92.6 479.4 13.4 2,430.3 628.6 -4.0 356.5 36.9 21.7 14.7 0.5 31998 1,873.5 128.8 531.3 13.5 2,547.1 673.7 -4.5 323.3 36.3 22.4 14.8 0.5 31999 1,881.1 118.1 556.4 14.1 2,569.7 728.3 -6.1 319.5 37.0 22.6 14.8 0.5 42000 1,966.3 111.2 601.0 14.0 2,692.5 753.9 -5.5 275.6 37.6 23.1 14.1 0.5 52001 1,904.0 124.9 639.1 9.0 2,677.0 768.8 -8.8 217.0 35.2 21.8 13.7 0.5 62002 1,933.1 94.6 691.0 11.5 2,730.2 780.1 -8.7 264.3 38.7 22.9 14.5 0.6 102003 R1,973.7 R119.4 R649.9 R15.6 R2,758.6 763.7 R-8.5 R275.8 R37.5 R23.7 R14.4 0.5 R112004P 1,976.3 117.6 699.6 15.0 2,808.5 788.6 -8.1 269.6 37.3 22.7 14.4 0.6 14

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping. 6 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 7 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy. 9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.

10 Included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power."

11 Through 1988, all data except hydroelectric are for elec

1988 include industrial plants as well as electric utilities. Begindependent power producers, commercial plants, and industria

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less thaNotes: • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at 

of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see 

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectri

Sources: • 1949-1988—Table 8.2b for electric power sector

forward—Tables 8.2b and 8.2d.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 8.2b Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2004

 (Subset of Table 8.2a; Billion Kilowatthours)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage 5

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power Wood 6 Waste 7

Geothermal Solar 8 Wind 

1949 135.5 28.5 37.0 NA 201.0 0.0 10 ( ) 89.7 0.4 NA NA NA N1950 154.5 33.7 44.6 NA 232.8 0.0 10 ( ) 95.9 0.4 NA NA NA N1955 301.4 37.1 95.3 NA 433.8 0.0 10 ( ) 113.0 0.3 NA NA NA N1960 403.1 48.0 158.0 NA 609.0 0.5 10 ( ) 145.8 0.1 NA (s) NA N1965 570.9 64.8 221.6 NA 857.3 3.7 10 ( ) 193.9 0.3 NA 0.2 NA N1970 704.4 184.2 372.9 NA 1,261.5 21.8 10 ( ) 247.7 0.1 0.2 0.5 NA N1971 713.1 220.2 374.0 NA 1,307.4 38.1 10 ( ) 266.3 0.1 0.2 0.5 NA N1972 771.1 274.3 375.7 NA 1,421.2 54.1 10 ( ) 272.6 0.1 0.2 1.5 NA N1973 847.7 314.3 340.9 NA 1,502.9 83.5 10 ( ) 272.1 0.1 0.2 2.0 NA N1974 828.4 300.9 320.1 NA 1,449.4 114.0 10 ( ) 301.0 0.1 0.2 2.5 NA N1975 852.8 289.1 299.8 NA 1,441.7 172.5 10 ( ) 300.0 (s) 0.2 3.2 NA N1976 944.4 320.0 294.6 NA 1,559.0 191.1 10 ( ) 283.7 0.1 0.2 3.6 NA N1977 985.2 358.2 305.5 NA 1,648.9 250.9 10 ( ) 220.5 0.3 0.2 3.6 NA N1978 975.7 365.1 305.4 NA 1,646.2 276.4 10 ( ) 280.4 0.2 0.1 3.0 NA N1979 1,075.0 303.5 329.5 NA 1,708.0 255.2 10 ( ) 279.8 0.3 0.2 3.9 NA N1980 1,161.6 246.0 346.2 NA 1,753.8 251.1 10 ( ) 276.0 0.3 0.2 5.1 NA N1981 1,203.2 206.4 345.8 NA 1,755.4 272.7 10 ( ) 260.7 0.2 0.1 5.7 NA N1982 1,192.0 146.8 305.3 NA 1,644.1 282.8 10 ( ) 309.2 0.2 0.1 4.8 NA N1983 1,259.4 144.5 274.1 NA 1,678.0 293.7 10 ( ) 332.1 0.2 0.2 6.1 NA (s1984 1,341.7 119.8 297.4 NA 1,758.9 327.6 10 ( ) 321.2 0.5 0.4 7.7 (s) (s1985 1,402.1 100.2 291.9 NA 1,794.3 383.7 10 ( ) 281.1 0.7 0.6 9.3 (s) (s1986 1,385.8 136.6 248.5 NA 1,770.9 414.0 10 ( ) 290.8 0.5 0.7 10.3 (s) (s1987 1,463.8 118.5 272.6 NA 1,854.9 455.3 10 ( ) 249.7 0.8 0.7 10.8 (s) (s1988 1,540.7 148.9 252.8 NA 1,942.4 527.0 10 ( ) 222.9 0.9 0.7 10.3 (s) (s198911 1,562.4 159.0 297.3 0.5 2,019.1 529.4 10 ( ) 269.2 5.6 7.7 14.6 0.3 21990 1,572.1 118.9 309.5 0.6 2,001.1 576.9 -3.5 289.8 7.0 11.5 15.4 0.4 21991 1,568.8 112.8 317.8 0.7 2,000.1 612.6 -4.5 286.0 7.7 13.9 16.0 0.5 31992 1,597.7 92.2 334.3 1.2 2,025.4 618.8 -4.2 250.0 8.5 15.9 16.1 0.4 21993 1,665.5 105.4 342.2 1.0 2,114.1 610.3 -4.0 277.5 9.2 16.2 16.8 0.5 31994 1,666.3 98.7 385.7 1.1 2,151.7 640.4 -3.4 254.0 9.2 17.0 15.5 0.5 31995 1,686.1 68.1 419.2 1.9 2,175.3 673.4 -2.7 305.4 7.6 18.0 13.4 0.5 31996 1,772.0 74.8 378.8 1.3 2,226.9 674.7 -3.1 341.2 8.4 17.8 14.3 0.5 31997 1,820.8 86.5 399.6 1.5 2,308.4 628.6 -4.0 350.6 8.7 18.5 14.7 0.5 31998 1,850.2 122.2 449.3 2.3 2,424.0 673.7 -4.5 317.9 8.6 19.2 14.8 0.5 31999 1,858.6 111.5 473.0 1.6 2,444.8 728.3 -6.1 314.7 9.0 19.5 14.8 0.5 42000 1,943.1 105.2 518.0 2.0 2,568.3 753.9 -5.5 271.3 8.9 20.3 14.1 0.5 52001 1,882.8 119.1 554.9 0.6 2,557.5 768.8 -8.8 213.7 8.3 19.5 13.7 0.5 62002 1,910.6 89.7 607.7 2.0 2,610.0 780.1 -8.7 260.5 9.0 20.2 14.5 0.6 102003 R1,952.7 R113.7 R567.3 R2.6 R2,636.4 763.7 R-8.5 R271.5 R9.5 R20.8 R14.4 0.5 R112004P 1,954.0 112.5 618.6 2.3 2,687.4 788.6 -8.1 264.5 9.5 19.9 14.4 0.6 14

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping. 6 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 7 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy. 9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.

10 Included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power."11 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and

independent power producers.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 billion kilowatthours. Notes: • The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP)

plants within the NAICS (North American Industry Classification System) 22 category whose primary

business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the pub

industrial CHP and electricity-only data. • See Note 1, "Cove"Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric

Sources: • 1949-September 1977—Federal Power Commi

Report." • October 1977-1981—Federal Energy Regulatory CPlant Report." • 1982-1988—Energy Information AdministratPlant Report." • 1989-1997—EIA, Form EIA-759, "Monthly "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EReport," and Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator RepoEIA-906, "Power Plant Report." • 2004—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report."
230 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Table 8.2c Electricity Net Generation: Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, 1989-2004

 (Breakout of Table 8.2b; Billion Kilowatthours)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage 5

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power Wood 6 Waste 7

Geothermal Solar 8 Wind 

Electricity-Only Plants 10

1989 1,554.0 158.3 266.9 0.0 1,979.3 529.4 11 ( ) 269.2 4.2 6.9 14.6 0.3 21990 1,560.2 117.6 264.7 (s) 1,942.4 576.9 -3.5 289.8 5.6 10.4 15.4 0.4 21991 1,551.9 112.2 267.8 (s) 1,931.9 612.6 -4.5 286.0 6.0 12.2 16.0 0.5 31992 1,577.1 90.1 270.9 (s) 1,938.0 618.8 -4.2 250.0 6.6 14.4 16.1 0.4 21993 1,642.1 100.6 267.2 (s) 2,009.9 610.3 -4.0 277.5 7.2 14.9 16.8 0.5 31994 1,639.9 92.1 299.7 (s) 2,031.7 640.4 -3.4 254.0 7.6 15.4 15.5 0.5 31995 1,658.0 62.0 317.4 (s) 2,037.4 673.4 -2.7 305.4 5.9 16.3 13.4 0.5 31996 1,742.8 68.5 272.8 (s) 2,084.1 674.7 -3.1 341.2 6.5 16.1 14.3 0.5 31997 1,793.2 80.3 291.1 (s) 2,164.6 628.6 -4.0 350.6 6.5 16.4 14.7 0.5 31998 1,823.0 115.7 335.9 0.1 2,274.6 673.7 -4.5 317.9 6.6 17.0 14.8 0.5 31999 1,832.1 104.8 356.6 (s) 2,293.6 728.3 -6.1 314.7 7.3 17.1 14.8 0.5 42000 1,910.6 98.0 399.4 0.2 2,408.2 753.9 -5.5 271.3 7.3 17.6 14.1 0.5 52001 1,851.8 113.2 427.0 (s) 2,392.0 768.8 -8.8 213.7 6.6 17.2 13.7 0.5 62002 1,881.2 83.3 456.8 0.2 2,421.5 780.1 -8.7 260.5 7.3 17.4 14.5 0.6 102003 R1,915.8 R108.5 R421.2 R0.3 R2,445.7 763.7 R-8.5 R271.5 R7.4 R18.1 R14.4 0.5 R112004P 1,915.6 107.8 486.2 0.1 2,509.6 788.6 -8.1 264.5 7.5 17.8 14.4 0.6 13

Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants 12

1989 8.4 0.7 30.4 0.5 39.9 — — 0.0 1.3 0.9 — — 01990 11.9 1.3 44.8 0.6 58.7 — — 0.0 1.4 1.1 — — 01991 16.9 0.6 50.0 0.7 68.2 — — 0.0 1.7 1.6 — — 01992 20.7 2.2 63.4 1.2 87.4 — — 0.0 1.9 1.5 — — 01993 23.4 4.8 75.0 1.0 104.2 — — 0.0 2.0 1.4 — — 01994 26.4 6.6 86.0 1.1 120.1 — — 0.0 1.6 1.6 — — 01995 28.1 6.1 101.7 1.9 137.9 — — 0.0 1.7 1.7 — — 01996 29.2 6.3 105.9 1.3 142.7 — — 0.0 1.9 1.7 — — 01997 27.6 6.2 108.5 1.5 143.7 — — 0.0 2.2 2.1 — — 01998 27.2 6.6 113.4 2.3 149.4 — — 0.0 2.0 2.3 — — 01999 26.6 6.7 116.4 1.6 151.2 — — 0.0 1.7 2.4 — — 02000 32.5 7.2 118.6 1.8 160.2 — — 0.0 1.6 2.7 — — 02001 31.0 6.0 128.0 0.6 165.5 — — 0.0 1.7 2.3 — — 02002 29.4 6.5 150.9 1.7 188.5 — — 0.0 1.7 2.8 — — 02003 R36.9 R5.2 R146.1 R2.4 R190.6 — — 0.0 R2.1 R2.7 — — 02004P 38.4 4.7 132.4 2.3 177.7 — — (s) 2.0 2.0 — — 0

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping. 6 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 7 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy. 9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.

10 Electricity-only plants within the NAICS (North American Industry Classification System) 22 category

whose primary business is to sell electricity to the public. Data also include a small number of electric utilitycombined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.

11 Included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power."

12 Combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 

sell electricity and heat to the public. Data do not include elecunder "Electricity-Only Plants."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. — = Not applicable. (s)=Less thaNotes: • See Table 8.2d for commercial and industrial CHP 

"Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components due 

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1989-1997—Energy Information Administration (

Report," and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power ProduEIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "PoEIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined H
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 8.2d Electricity Net Generation: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2004

 (Subset of Table 8.2a; Billion Kilowatthours)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage 5

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power Wood 6 Waste 7

Geothemal Solar 8 Wind 

Commercial Sector 10

1989 0.7 0.6 2.2 0.1 3.6 — — 0.1 0.1 0.5 — — — 1990 0.8 0.6 3.3 0.1 4.8 — — 0.1 0.1 0.8 — — — 1991 0.8 0.4 3.2 0.1 4.5 — — 0.1 0.1 0.9 — — — 1992 0.7 0.3 3.9 0.1 5.0 — — 0.1 0.1 1.0 — — — 1993 0.9 0.3 4.5 0.1 5.8 — — 0.1 0.1 1.0 — — — 1994 0.8 0.4 4.9 0.1 6.3 — — 0.1 0.1 1.2 — — — 1995 1.0 0.4 5.2 0.0 6.5 — — 0.1 0.1 1.5 — — — 1996 1.1 0.4 5.2 (s) 6.7 — — 0.1 0.1 2.2 — — — 1997 1.0 0.4 4.7 (s) 6.2 — — 0.1 (s) 2.3 — — — 1998 1.0 0.4 4.9 (s) 6.3 — — 0.1 (s) 2.3 — — — 1999 1.0 0.4 4.6 (s) 6.0 — — 0.1 (s) 2.4 — — — 2000 1.1 0.4 4.3 (s) 5.8 — — 0.1 (s) 2.0 — — — 2001 1.0 0.4 4.4 (s) 5.9 — — 0.1 (s) 1.5 — — — 2002 1.0 0.4 4.3 (s) 5.7 — — (s) (s) 1.6 — — — 2003 R1.2 R0.4 R3.9 R0.0 R5.5 — — 0.1 (s) 1.9 — — — 2004P 1.1 0.4 4.0 0.0 5.5 — — 0.1 (s) 1.8 — — — 

Industrial Sector 11

1989 20.7 5.0 53.2 7.3 86.1 — — 2.7 21.6 0.9 — — — 1990 21.1 7.2 60.0 9.6 97.9 — — 3.0 25.4 0.9 — — — 1991 21.0 6.5 60.6 10.5 98.6 — — 2.8 25.9 0.9 — — — 1992 22.7 7.6 65.9 12.0 108.2 — — 2.9 27.9 0.9 — — — 1993 23.7 7.0 68.2 11.9 110.9 — — 2.9 28.4 1.1 — — — 1994 23.6 6.8 69.6 12.1 112.1 — — 6.0 28.7 1.0 — — — 1995 22.4 6.0 71.7 11.9 112.1 — — 5.3 28.9 0.9 — — — 1996 22.2 6.3 71.0 13.0 112.5 — — 5.9 28.4 0.9 — — — 1997 23.2 5.6 75.1 11.8 115.8 — — 5.7 28.2 0.9 — — — 1998 22.3 6.2 77.1 11.2 116.8 — — 5.3 27.7 0.9 — — — 1999 21.5 6.1 78.8 12.5 118.9 — — 4.8 28.1 0.7 — — — 2000 22.1 5.6 78.8 11.9 118.4 — — 4.1 28.7 0.8 — — — 2001 20.1 5.3 79.8 8.5 113.6 — — 3.1 26.9 0.8 — — — 2002 21.5 4.4 79.0 9.5 114.4 — — 3.8 29.6 1.1 — — — 2003 R19.8 R5.3 R78.7 R13.0 R116.8 — — R4.2 R28.0 R1.0 — — — 2004P 21.2 4.7 77.0 12.7 115.6 — — 5.0 27.8 1.1 — — — 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Pumped storage facility production minus energy used for pumping. 6 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 7 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy. 9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.

10 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants.

11 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial e

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. — = Not applicable. (s)=Less thNotes: • See Tables 8.2b and 8.2c for electric power secto

1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classificatioat end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components d

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gSources: • 1989-1997—Energy Information Administratio

Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "PEIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined 
Figure 8.3 Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants

Total (All Sectors), 1989-2004 Total (All Sectors) by Source, 2004By Sector, 1989-2004 By Sector, 2004232 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from

fossil fuels.

2 Batteries, chemicals hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous

technologies.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Sources: Tables 8.3a–8.3c.

500

463

285

128

Wood Natural Coal Other Pe

0

200400600

Trillion Btu

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003

0.00.51.01.52.02.5

Quadrillion Btu

Gases1

1.3

0.2

Industrial Electric Power 

0.00.6

1.2

1.8

Quadrillion Btu

Industrial

Gas

Commercial Electric Power

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003

0.00.51.01.52.0

Quadrillion Btu
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 8.3a Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Total (All Sectors), 1989

 (Sum of Tables 8.3b and 8.3c; Trillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2 Natural Gas 3 Other Gases 4 Total Wood 5 Waste 6 Total

1989 323 96 462 93 973 546 30 577 1990 363 127 538 141 1,169 651 36 687 1991 352 112 547 148 1,159 623 37 660 1992 367 117 592 160 1,236 658 40 698 1993 373 129 604 142 1,248 668 45 713 1994 388 133 646 144 1,309 722 45 767 1995 386 121 686 145 1,338 721 47 768 1996 392 133 711 150 1,385 701 55 756 1997 389 137 713 150 1,389 731 55 785 1998 382 136 782 167 1,466 700 57 757 1999 386 125 811 179 1,501 690 55 744 2000 384 108 812 184 1,488 707 56 764 2001 354 90 741 133 1,318 556 41 597 2002 337 73 709 118 1,236 546 39 585 2003 R333 R85 R610 R110 R1,139 R597 R49 R646 2004P 285 61 463 128 937 500 39 538 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 6 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 7 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies. R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • Data do not include electric utility combined-heat

"Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of section. • See "Usmay not equal sum of components due to independent rounding

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: Tables 8.3b and 8.3c.
234 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Table 8.3b Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Electric Power Sector, 1

 (Subset of Table 8.3a; Trillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2 Natural Gas 3 Other Gases 4 Total Wood 5 Waste 6 Total

1989 13 8 67 2 90 19 5 24 1990 21 9 80 4 114 18 6 25 1991 21 6 82 4 113 17 9 26 1992 28 6 102 5 140 17 8 25 1993 30 8 107 3 147 16 8 24 1994 37 9 119 5 170 15 10 24 1995 40 13 118 4 176 15 12 27 1996 43 12 121 4 180 16 16 33 1997 39 12 132 8 191 16 14 30 1998 43 6 142 5 196 10 16 26 1999 52 7 146 4 208 10 20 30 2000 53 7 158 5 223 6 19 26 2001 52 6 164 5 226 8 8 16 2002 40 4 214 6 264 8 10 17 2003 R38 7 R200 R9 R255 R9 R14 R23 2004P 33 1 108 7 149 8 5 12 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 6 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 7 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. Notes: • Data are for combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North American

Industry Classification System) 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity and heat to the

public. Data do not include electric utility CHP plants. • See Ta

data. • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and NEnergy-Use Sectors," at end of section. • See "Useful Thermequal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1989-1997—Energy Information Administration 

Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "PoEIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report."
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 8.3c Useful Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Commercial and Industr

 (Subset of Table 8.3a; Trillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2 Natural Gas 3 Other Gases 4 Total Wood 5 Waste 6 Total

Commercial Sector 8

1989 14 4 10 (s) 27 (s) 10 10 1990 15 5 16 (s) 36 (s) 10 11 1991 16 4 21 (s) 41 (s) 9 9 1992 15 4 24 (s) 44 (s) 13 14 1993 18 4 23 (s) 45 (s) 14 14 1994 18 4 26 (s) 48 (s) 14 14 1995 17 3 29 0 48 (s) 15 15 1996 20 3 33 0 55 1 17 18 1997 22 4 40 (s) 66 1 19 20 1998 20 5 39 (s) 64 1 18 18 1999 20 3 37 0 61 1 17 17 2000 21 4 39 0 64 1 17 18 2001 18 4 35 0 58 1 13 14 2002 18 3 36 0 57 1 11 12 2003 R23 3 R17 0 R42 R1 R14 R14 2004P 18 3 27 0 48 1 13 14 

Industrial Sector 9

1989 297 84 385 90 856 527 15 542 1990 327 113 443 137 1,019 632 20 652 1991 315 103 444 144 1,005 606 19 625 1992 324 107 466 155 1,052 641 19 660 1993 325 117 475 139 1,055 652 23 675 1994 333 119 501 138 1,092 707 21 729 1995 329 105 540 140 1,114 706 20 726 1996 329 118 557 146 1,150 684 21 705 1997 328 121 541 142 1,132 713 22 735 1998 318 124 601 162 1,206 689 24 713 1999 313 115 629 175 1,233 679 18 697 2000 309 98 615 179 1,201 700 20 720 2001 284 80 542 128 1,034 548 20 567 2002 278 66 458 112 914 537 19 556 2003 R272 R75 R393 R101 R842 R588 R21 R609 2004P 234 57 328 121 740 491 21 512 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 6 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 7 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies. 8 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants. 9 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. 

Notes: • See Table 8.3b for electric power sector CHP dat

Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Ene"Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. • Totals may not equarounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1989-1997—Energy Information Administration 

Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "PoEIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report."
Figure 8.4 Consumption for Electricity Generation

Total and Energy Categories, 1949-2004 By Major Fuel, 2004By Major Fuel, 1949-2004 By Sector, 1989-2004236 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Conventional hydroelectric power.2 Other gases, wind, electricity net imports, solar, batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch,

purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.

3 Combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of 

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Sources: Tables 8.4a-8.4c.

Fossil Fuels

Renewable Energy

Nuclear Electric

Power

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

1020304050

Quadrillion Btu

20.6

8.2

6.2

2.7

1.3 0

Coal Nuclear Natural Hydro- Petro- Wo

05

10152025

Quadrillion Btu

Total Energy

Electric

Power

Gas Electric

Power1

leum 

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

06

12

1824

Quadrillion Btu

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 

0

153045

Quadrillion Btu

Coal Electric Power Sector

Nuclear Electric

Power

Petroleum

Natural Gas

Renewable

Energy

Com

Industrial3
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 8.4a Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Total (All Sectors), Select

 (Sum of Tables 8.4b and 8.4c; Trillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power Wood 5 Waste 6

Geothermal Solar 7 Wind Total

1949 1,995 415 569 NA 2,979 0 1,425 6 NA NA NA NA 1,431 1950 2,199 472 651 NA 3,322 0 1,415 5 NA NA NA NA 1,421 1955 3,458 471 1,194 NA 5,123 0 1,360 3 NA NA NA NA 1,363 1960 4,228 553 1,785 NA 6,565 6 1,608 2 NA 1 NA NA 1,610 1965 5,821 722 2,395 NA 8,938 43 2,059 3 NA 4 NA NA 2,066 1970 7,227 2,117 4,054 NA 13,399 239 2,634 1 2 11 NA NA 2,649 1971 7,299 2,495 4,099 NA 13,893 413 2,824 1 2 12 NA NA 2,839 1972 7,811 3,097 4,084 NA 14,992 584 2,864 1 2 31 NA NA 2,899 1973 8,658 3,515 3,748 NA 15,921 910 2,861 1 2 43 NA NA 2,907 1974 8,534 3,365 3,519 NA 15,418 1,272 3,177 1 2 53 NA NA 3,232 1975 8,786 3,166 3,240 NA 15,191 1,900 3,155 (s) 2 70 NA NA 3,227 1976 9,720 3,477 3,152 NA 16,349 2,111 2,976 1 2 78 NA NA 3,057 1977 10,262 3,901 3,284 NA 17,446 2,702 2,333 3 2 77 NA NA 2,416 1978 10,238 3,987 3,297 NA 17,522 3,024 2,937 2 1 64 NA NA 3,005 1979 11,260 3,283 3,613 NA 18,156 2,776 2,931 3 2 84 NA NA 3,020 1980 12,123 2,634 3,810 NA 18,567 2,739 2,900 3 2 110 NA NA 3,014 1981 12,583 2,202 3,768 NA 18,553 3,008 2,758 3 1 123 NA NA 2,885 1982 12,582 1,568 3,342 NA 17,491 3,131 3,266 2 1 105 NA NA 3,374 1983 13,213 1,544 2,998 NA 17,754 3,203 3,527 2 2 129 NA (s) 3,661 1984 14,019 1,286 3,220 NA 18,526 3,553 3,386 5 4 165 (s) (s) 3,560 1985 14,542 1,090 3,160 NA 18,792 4,076 2,970 8 7 198 (s) (s) 3,183 1986 14,444 1,452 2,691 NA 18,586 4,380 3,071 5 7 219 (s) (s) 3,303 1987 15,173 1,257 2,935 NA 19,365 4,754 2,635 8 7 229 (s) (s) 2,879 1988 15,850 1,563 2,709 NA 20,123 5,587 2,334 10 8 217 (s) (s) 2,569 1989 1016,359 101,757 103,581 90 1021,789 105,602 112,837 10345 10151 10308 103 1022 103,665 1990 16,477 1,367 3,752 112 21,708 6,104 3,046 442 211 326 4 29 4,058 1991 16,460 1,276 3,861 125 21,723 6,422 3,016 425 247 335 5 31 4,058 1992 16,686 1,076 3,999 141 21,903 6,479 2,617 481 283 338 4 30 3,752 1993 17,424 1,203 4,027 136 22,790 6,410 2,892 485 288 351 5 31 4,052 1994 17,485 1,135 4,476 136 23,233 6,694 2,683 498 301 325 5 36 3,848 1995 17,687 813 4,840 133 23,473 7,075 3,205 480 316 280 5 33 4,318 1996 18,650 888 4,400 159 24,097 7,087 3,590 513 324 300 5 33 4,765 1997 19,128 985 4,658 119 24,890 6,597 3,640 484 339 309 5 34 4,811 1998 19,417 1,378 5,205 125 26,124 7,068 3,297 475 332 311 5 31 4,450 1999 19,467 1,285 5,441 126 26,320 7,610 3,268 490 332 312 5 46 4,452 2000 20,443 1,212 5,818 126 27,599 7,862 2,811 496 330 296 5 57 3,995 2001 19,734 1,337 5,982 97 27,150 8,033 R2,242 486 347 289 6 R70 R3,438 2002 19,997 1,014 6,250 131 27,392 8,143 R2,689 605 399 305 6 105 R4,109 2003 R20,367 R1,266 R5,736 R156 R27,525 R7,959 R2,825 R519 R383 R303 5 R115 R4,150 2004P 20,578 1,276 6,182 211 28,248 8,232 2,725 710 383 302 6 143 4,268 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 6 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 7 Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy. 8 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies. 9 See Note 3, "Electricity Imports and Exports," at end of section.

10 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities,

independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial plants.

11 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities and industrial plants. Beginning in 1989, data are for

electric utilities, independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial plants.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than Notes: • Data are for energy consumed to produce electric

produce useful thermal output at a small number of electric utilit• This table no longer shows energy consumption by hydroelewas made because most of the electricity used to pump water inby plants other than pumped-storage plants; thus, the associatedata columns in this table (such as "Conventional Hydroelectric • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric

Sources: • 1949-1988—Table 8.4b for electric power sector, 

• 1989 forward—Tables 8.4b and 8.4c.
238 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Table 8.4b Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Electric Power Sector, 

 Selected Years, 1949-2004 (Subset of Table 8.4a; Trillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power Wood 5 Waste 6

Geothermal Solar 7 Wind Total

1949 1,995 415 569 NA 2,979 0 1,349 6 NA NA NA NA 1,355 1950 2,199 472 651 NA 3,322 0 1,346 5 NA NA NA NA 1,351 1955 3,458 471 1,194 NA 5,123 0 1,322 3 NA NA NA NA 1,325 1960 4,228 553 1,785 NA 6,565 6 1,569 2 NA 1 NA NA 1,571 1965 5,821 722 2,395 NA 8,938 43 2,026 3 NA 4 NA NA 2,033 1970 7,227 2,117 4,054 NA 13,399 239 2,600 1 2 11 NA NA 2,615 1971 7,299 2,495 4,099 NA 13,893 413 2,790 1 2 12 NA NA 2,806 1972 7,811 3,097 4,084 NA 14,992 584 2,829 1 2 31 NA NA 2,864 1973 8,658 3,515 3,748 NA 15,921 910 2,827 1 2 43 NA NA 2,873 1974 8,534 3,365 3,519 NA 15,418 1,272 3,143 1 2 53 NA NA 3,199 1975 8,786 3,166 3,240 NA 15,191 1,900 3,122 (s) 2 70 NA NA 3,194 1976 9,720 3,477 3,152 NA 16,349 2,111 2,943 1 2 78 NA NA 3,024 1977 10,262 3,901 3,284 NA 17,446 2,702 2,301 3 2 77 NA NA 2,383 1978 10,238 3,987 3,297 NA 17,522 3,024 2,905 2 1 64 NA NA 2,973 1979 11,260 3,283 3,613 NA 18,156 2,776 2,897 3 2 84 NA NA 2,986 1980 12,123 2,634 3,810 NA 18,567 2,739 2,867 3 2 110 NA NA 2,982 1981 12,583 2,202 3,768 NA 18,553 3,008 2,725 3 1 123 NA NA 2,852 1982 12,582 1,568 3,342 NA 17,491 3,131 3,233 2 1 105 NA NA 3,341 1983 13,213 1,544 2,998 NA 17,754 3,203 3,494 2 2 129 NA (s) 3,627 1984 14,019 1,286 3,220 NA 18,526 3,553 3,353 5 4 165 (s) (s) 3,527 1985 14,542 1,090 3,160 NA 18,792 4,076 2,937 8 7 198 (s) (s) 3,150 1986 14,444 1,452 2,691 NA 18,586 4,380 3,038 5 7 219 (s) (s) 3,270 1987 15,173 1,257 2,935 NA 19,365 4,754 2,602 8 7 229 (s) (s) 2,846 1988 15,850 1,563 2,709 NA 20,123 5,587 2,302 10 8 217 (s) (s) 2,536 1989 1016,121 101,697 103,107 7 1020,932 105,602 102,808 1075 10126 10308 103 1022 103,342 1990 16,235 1,281 3,224 6 20,746 6,104 3,014 106 180 326 4 29 3,658 1991 16,223 1,199 3,296 6 20,725 6,422 2,985 104 217 335 5 31 3,677 1992 16,431 990 3,407 12 20,840 6,479 2,586 120 252 338 4 30 3,329 1993 17,159 1,122 3,426 12 21,719 6,410 2,861 129 255 351 5 31 3,632 1994 17,215 1,056 3,851 12 22,134 6,694 2,620 134 269 325 5 36 3,389 1995 17,416 743 4,179 18 22,356 7,075 3,149 106 282 280 5 33 3,855 1996 18,375 810 3,730 16 22,930 7,087 3,528 117 280 300 5 33 4,264 1997 18,855 917 3,981 14 23,768 6,597 3,581 117 292 309 5 34 4,337 1998 19,162 1,306 4,520 23 25,011 7,068 3,241 125 287 311 5 31 4,000 1999 19,214 1,211 4,742 14 25,181 7,610 3,218 125 290 312 5 46 3,996 2000 20,185 1,145 5,120 19 26,470 7,862 2,768 126 294 296 5 57 3,547 2001 19,494 1,270 5,271 9 26,044 8,033 R2,209 116 314 289 6 R70 R3,003 2002 19,733 955 5,522 25 26,235 8,143 R2,650 141 353 305 6 105 R3,560 2003 R20,137 R1,199 R5,009 R30 R26,374 R7,959 R2,781 R156 R337 R303 5 R115 R3,697 2004P 20,227 1,196 5,351 30 26,804 8,232 2,673 158 334 302 6 143 3,616 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 6 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 7 Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy. 8 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies. 9 See Note 3, "Electricity Imports and Exports," at end of section.

10 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and

independent power producers. 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. Notes: • Data are for energy consumed to produce electricity. Data also include energy consumed to

produce useful thermal output at a small number of electric utility combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants. 

• The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within

the NAICS (North American Industry Classification System) 22 category whose primary business is to sell

electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. • See Table 8

electricity-only data. • This table no longer shows energy conplants. The change was made because most of the electricity reservoirs is generated by plants other than pumped-storage plaaccounted for in other data columns in this table (such as "C"Natural Gas," and so on). • See Note 1, "Coverage of ElectricPower Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. • Toto independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric

Sources: Electricity Net Imports: Tables 8.1 and A6. All 

8.5b, A1, A4, A5, and A6. • 1989-1997—Energy Information AdPower Plant Report," and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility PowForm EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "PoEIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined H
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 8.4c Consumption for Electricity Generation by Energy Source: Commercial and Industrial S

 (Subset of Table 8.4a; Trillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Other

Gases 4 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power Wood 5 Waste 6

Geothermal Solar 7 Wind Total

Commercial Sector 9

1989 9 7 18 1 36 — 1 2 9 — — — 12 1990 9 6 27 1 43 — 1 2 15 — — — 18 1991 9 3 28 1 41 — 1 2 15 — — — 18 1992 8 3 33 1 45 — 1 1 16 — — — 19 1993 9 4 38 1 53 — 1 1 16 — — — 18 1994 9 4 42 1 56 — 1 1 17 — — — 19 1995 12 4 44 0 60 — 1 1 21 — — — 23 1996 14 4 44 0 62 — 1 1 31 — — — 33 1997 14 5 40 (s) 59 — 1 1 34 — — — 35 1998 11 5 42 (s) 57 — 1 1 32 — — — 34 1999 12 6 40 0 57 — 1 (s) 33 — — — 35 2000 12 5 38 0 55 — 1 (s) 26 — — — 28 2001 13 6 37 0 56 — 1 (s) 22 — — — 23 2002 9 4 31 0 44 — (s) (s) 28 — — — 29 2003 R13 R5 R39 0 R58 — 1 (s) R30 — — — R31 2004P 13 6 42 0 62 — 1 1 32 — — — 33 

Industrial Sector 10

1989 229 53 456 83 821 — 28 267 15 — — — 311 1990 233 80 500 104 918 — 31 335 16 — — — 382 1991 228 74 537 118 957 — 30 318 14 — — — 362 1992 246 84 559 128 1,017 — 31 359 15 — — — 405 1993 256 77 562 123 1,019 — 30 355 17 — — — 401 1994 261 75 584 123 1,043 — 62 364 14 — — — 440 1995 259 66 617 114 1,057 — 55 373 13 — — — 440 1996 261 74 626 143 1,104 — 61 394 13 — — — 468 1997 260 63 637 105 1,064 — 58 367 14 — — — 439 1998 245 67 643 102 1,056 — 55 349 13 — — — 417 1999 242 68 660 112 1,081 — 49 364 8 — — — 422 2000 245 61 660 107 1,074 — 42 369 10 — — — 421 2001 227 62 674 88 1,051 — R33 370 10 — — — 412 2002 255 55 697 106 1,113 — 39 464 18 — — — 520 2003 R217 R61 R687 R127 R1,093 — R43 R362 R16 — — — R422 2004P 338 74 789 181 1,382 — 51 551 16 — — — 619 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 4 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 5 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 6 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 7 Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy. 8 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies. 9 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants.

10 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. — = Not applicable. (s)=Less than 0.Notes: • Data are for energy consumed to produce electricity. 

sector electricity-only and CHP data. • See Note 1, "Coverage "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of scomponents due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuSources: • 1989-1997—Energy Information Administration (EI

Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form EIAReport—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Power EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined Heat 
Figure 8.5a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation, 1989-2004

Coal Natural GasPetroleum Wood and Waste240 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Residual Fuel

Total Petroleum

Source: Table 8.5a.

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003

0

0.30.60.9

1.2

Billion Short Tons

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 

0

1

2

34567

Trillion Cubic Feet

Waste

Wood

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 

0.0

0.2

0.40.60.8

Quadrillion Btu

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003

50

100150200250300

Million Barrels
Figure 8.5b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation by Sector, 2004

Coal Natural GasPetroleum Wood and Waste

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

5.2

0.8

Electric Power Industrial2 

0

2

46

Trillion Cubic Feet —Electricity-Only Plants

—CHP1

1 Combined-heat-and-power plants.

2 Combined-heat-and-power and electricity-only plants.

(s)=Less than 0.05 trillion cubic feet.Sources: Tables 8.5b-8.5d.

1,013

16 1

Electric Power Industrial2 Commercial2

0

200400600800

1,0001,200

Million Short Tons Electricity- Only Plants

CHP1

—CHP1

—Electricity-Only Plants

195

12 1

Electric Power Industrial2 Commercial2

0

50

100150200250

Million Barrels

492

568

Electric Power Industrial2 

0

200400600

ElectricityOnly

Plants

CHP1
242 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Table 8.5a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Total (All Sectors), Se

 (Sum of Tables 8.5b and 8.5d)

Year

Fossil Fuels 

Coal 1 

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7 

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu 

1949 83,963 4,767 61,534 NA NA 66,301 550,121 NA 1950 91,871 5,423 69,998 NA NA 75,421 628,919 NA 1955 143,759 5,412 69,862 NA NA 75,274 1,153,280 NA 1960 176,685 3,824 84,371 NA NA 88,195 1,724,762 NA 1965 244,788 4,928 110,274 NA NA 115,203 2,321,101 NA 1970 320,182 24,123 311,381 NA 636 338,686 3,931,860 NA 1971 327,301 34,283 362,187 NA 605 399,496 3,976,018 NA 1972 351,768 53,465 440,294 NA 627 496,895 3,976,913 NA 1973 389,212 47,058 513,190 NA 507 562,781 3,660,172 NA 1974 391,811 53,128 483,146 NA 625 539,399 3,443,428 NA 1975 405,962 38,907 467,221 NA 70 506,479 3,157,669 NA 1976 448,371 41,843 514,077 NA 68 556,261 3,080,868 NA 1977 477,126 48,837 574,869 NA 98 624,193 3,191,200 NA 1978 481,235 47,520 588,319 NA 398 637,830 3,188,363 NA 1979 527,051 30,691 492,606 NA 268 524,636 3,490,523 NA 1980 569,274 29,051 391,163 NA 179 421,110 3,681,595 NA 1981 596,797 21,313 329,798 NA 139 351,806 3,640,154 NA 1982 593,666 15,337 234,434 NA 149 250,517 3,225,518 NA 1983 625,211 16,512 228,984 NA 261 246,804 2,910,767 NA 1984 664,399 15,190 189,289 NA 252 205,736 3,111,342 NA 1985 693,841 14,635 158,779 NA 231 174,571 3,044,083 NA 1986 685,056 14,326 216,156 NA 313 232,046 2,602,370 NA 1987 717,894 15,367 184,011 NA 348 201,116 2,844,051 NA 1988 758,372 18,769 229,327 NA 409 250,141 2,635,613 NA 198911 781,672 27,733 249,820 303 667 281,192 3,485,429 90 1990 792,457 18,143 190,849 437 1,914 218,997 3,691,563 112 1991 793,666 16,564 177,780 380 1,789 203,669 3,764,778 125 1992 805,140 14,493 144,467 759 2,504 172,241 3,899,718 141 1993 842,153 16,845 159,059 715 3,169 192,462 3,928,653 136 1994 848,796 22,365 145,225 929 3,020 183,618 4,367,148 136 1995 860,594 19,615 95,507 680 3,355 132,578 4,737,871 133 1996 907,209 20,252 106,055 1,712 3,322 144,626 4,312,458 159 1997 931,949 20,309 118,741 237 4,086 159,715 4,564,770 119 1998 946,295 25,062 172,728 549 4,860 222,640 5,081,384 125 1999 949,802 25,951 158,187 974 4,552 207,871 5,321,984 126 2000 994,933 31,675 143,381 1,450 3,744 195,228 5,691,481 126 2001 972,691 31,150 165,312 855 3,871 216,672 5,832,305 97 2002 987,583 23,286 109,235 1,894 6,836 168,597 6,126,062 131 2003 R1,014,058 R29,672 R142,518 R2,947 R6,303 R206,653 R5,616,135 R156 2004P 1,029,564 19,690 147,885 2,671 7,497 207,729 6,020,335 211 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1949-1979, data are for gas turbine and internal combustion plant use of

petroleum. For 1980-2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.

3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1949-1979, data are for steam plant use of petroleum. For 1980-2000,

electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4.

4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 9 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass.

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, su11 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginn

independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than Notes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electrici

produce useful thermal output at a small number of electric utilit• See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric

Sources: Tables 8.5b and 8.5d.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 8.5b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Electric Power Sector,

 Selected Years, 1949-2004 (Subset of Table 8.5a)

Year

Fossil Fuels Rene

Coal 1 

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7 Wood 

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu 

1949 83,963 4,767 61,534 NA NA 66,301 550,121 NA 1950 91,871 5,423 69,998 NA NA 75,421 628,919 NA 1955 143,759 5,412 69,862 NA NA 75,274 1,153,280 NA 1960 176,685 3,824 84,371 NA NA 88,195 1,724,762 NA 1965 244,788 4,928 110,274 NA NA 115,203 2,321,101 NA 1970 320,182 24,123 311,381 NA 636 338,686 3,931,860 NA 1971 327,301 34,283 362,187 NA 605 399,496 3,976,018 NA 1972 351,768 53,465 440,294 NA 627 496,895 3,976,913 NA 1973 389,212 47,058 513,190 NA 507 562,781 3,660,172 NA 1974 391,811 53,128 483,146 NA 625 539,399 3,443,428 NA 1975 405,962 38,907 467,221 NA 70 506,479 3,157,669 NA (1976 448,371 41,843 514,077 NA 68 556,261 3,080,868 NA 1977 477,126 48,837 574,869 NA 98 624,193 3,191,200 NA 1978 481,235 47,520 588,319 NA 398 637,830 3,188,363 NA 1979 527,051 30,691 492,606 NA 268 524,636 3,490,523 NA 1980 569,274 29,051 391,163 NA 179 421,110 3,681,595 NA 1981 596,797 21,313 329,798 NA 139 351,806 3,640,154 NA 1982 593,666 15,337 234,434 NA 149 250,517 3,225,518 NA 1983 625,211 16,512 228,984 NA 261 246,804 2,910,767 NA 1984 664,399 15,190 189,289 NA 252 205,736 3,111,342 NA 1985 693,841 14,635 158,779 NA 231 174,571 3,044,083 NA 1986 685,056 14,326 216,156 NA 313 232,046 2,602,370 NA 1987 717,894 15,367 184,011 NA 348 201,116 2,844,051 NA 1988 758,372 18,769 229,327 NA 409 250,141 2,635,613 NA 198911 771,551 26,036 242,708 9 517 271,340 3,023,513 7 71990 781,301 16,394 183,285 25 1,008 204,745 3,147,289 6 101991 782,653 14,255 171,629 58 974 190,810 3,216,056 6 101992 793,390 12,469 137,681 118 1,490 157,719 3,324,963 12 121993 829,851 14,559 151,407 213 2,571 179,034 3,344,239 12 121994 836,113 20,241 137,198 667 2,256 169,387 3,758,484 12 131995 847,854 18,066 88,895 441 2,452 119,663 4,093,773 18 101996 894,400 18,472 98,795 567 2,467 130,168 3,659,810 16 11997 919,009 18,646 112,423 130 3,201 147,202 3,903,195 14 11998 934,126 23,166 165,875 411 3,999 209,447 4,415,813 23 121999 937,888 23,875 151,921 514 3,607 194,345 4,643,775 14 122000 982,713 29,722 138,047 403 3,155 183,946 5,014,071 19 122001 961,523 29,056 159,150 374 3,308 205,119 5,142,493 9 12002 975,251 21,810 104,577 1,243 5,705 156,154 5,408,279 25 142003 R1,003,036 R27,441 R137,361 R1,937 R5,719 R195,336 R4,909,248 R30 R152004P 1,013,284 18,226 140,557 1,967 6,750 194,502 5,216,640 30 15

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1949-1979, data are for gas turbine and internal combustion plant use of

petroleum. For 1980-2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.

3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1949-1979, data are for steam plant use of petroleum. For 1980-2000,

electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4.

4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 9 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies. 11 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and

independent power producers.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. Notes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity. Data also include fuels consumed to

produce useful thermal output at a small number of electric utility combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants. 

• The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and combined-h

the NAICS (North American Industry Classification System) 22 categorelectricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. • See Table 8.5d for electricity-only data. • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. • Totals may noindependent rounding.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://ww

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html.

Sources: • 1949-September 1977—Federal Power Commission, F

Report." • October 1977-1981—Federal Energy Regulatory CommisPlant Report." • 1982-1988—Energy Information Administration (EIPlant Report." • 1989-1997—EIA, Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, FoReport," and Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator Report—NoEIA-906, "Power Plant Report." • 2004—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Powe"Combined Heat and Power Plant Report."
244 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Table 8.5c Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Electric Power Sector 

 1989-2004 (Breakout of Table 8.5b)

Year

Fossil Fuels 

Coal 1 

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7 

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu 

Electricity-Only Plants 11

1989 767,378 25,574 241,960 3 517 270,125 2,790,567 0 1990 774,213 14,956 181,231 17 1,008 201,246 2,794,110 (s) 1991 773,183 13,822 171,157 51 974 189,898 2,822,159 (s) 1992 781,186 11,998 135,779 48 1,320 154,428 2,828,996 (s) 1993 816,558 13,460 149,287 11 1,553 170,521 2,755,093 (s) 1994 821,209 16,693 134,666 52 1,193 157,375 3,064,561 (s) 1995 832,928 16,169 86,584 133 1,082 108,297 3,287,571 (s) 1996 878,825 17,361 96,386 50 1,010 118,848 2,823,724 (s) 1997 904,245 17,702 109,989 30 1,687 136,156 3,039,227 1 1998 920,353 22,293 163,541 295 2,202 197,137 3,543,931 1 1999 924,692 22,877 149,193 380 1,891 181,905 3,729,175 1 2000 967,080 28,001 135,419 94 1,457 170,799 4,092,729 2 2001 946,068 27,695 157,090 26 1,827 193,945 4,163,930 (s) 2002 960,077 21,521 102,622 444 3,925 144,212 4,258,467 6 2003 R983,538 R25,951 R136,050 R936 R4,794 R186,904 R3,780,314 R6 2004P 992,233 17,535 138,396 889 5,617 184,904 4,095,554 1 

Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants 12

1989 4,173 462 747 6 0 1,215 232,946 7 1990 7,088 1,438 2,054 7 0 3,499 353,179 6 1991 9,470 433 473 7 0 912 393,898 6 1992 12,204 471 1,902 69 170 3,291 495,967 12 1993 13,293 1,098 2,120 202 1,018 8,513 589,147 12 1994 14,904 3,548 2,531 615 1,063 12,011 693,923 12 1995 14,926 1,898 2,311 307 1,370 11,366 806,202 18 1996 15,575 1,111 2,410 517 1,456 11,320 836,086 15 1997 14,764 944 2,434 100 1,514 11,046 863,968 14 1998 13,773 872 2,334 117 1,797 12,310 871,881 21 1999 13,197 998 2,728 134 1,716 12,440 914,600 14 2000 15,634 1,721 2,627 310 1,698 13,147 921,341 17 2001 15,455 1,360 2,059 347 1,482 11,175 978,563 9 2002 15,174 289 1,955 800 1,780 11,942 1,149,812 20 2003 R19,498 R1,491 R1,311 R1,002 R926 R8,431 R1,128,935 R23 2004P 21,051 691 2,161 1,078 1,133 9,598 1,121,087 29 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. Through 2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene

and jet fuel.

3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. Through 2000, electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4. 4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 9 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass.

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.11 Electricity-only plants within the NAICS (North American Industry Classification System) 22 category

whose primary business is to sell electricity to the public. Data also include a small number of electric utilitycombined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.

12 Combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to

sell electricity and heat to the public. Data do not include elec

under "Electricity-Only Plants."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5. Notes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electric

produce useful thermal output at a small number of electric utilit• See Table 8.5d for commercial and industrial CHP and electriElectricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plsection. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to inde

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1989-1997—Energy Information Administration (

Report," and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power ProduEIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "PoEIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined H
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 8.5d Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation: Commercial and Indus

 1989-2004 (Subset of Table 8.5a)

Year

Fossil Fuels 

Coal 1 

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7 

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu 

Commercial Sector 11

1989 414 882 282 0 0 1,165 17,987 1 1990 417 580 372 (s) 0 953 27,544 1 1991 403 430 146 (s) 0 576 26,806 1 1992 371 289 137 (s) 1 429 32,674 1 1993 404 384 279 4 1 672 37,435 1 1994 404 481 209 0 1 694 40,828 1 1995 569 493 152 (s) 1 649 42,700 0 1996 656 422 218 (s) 1 645 42,380 0 1997 630 583 200 0 1 790 38,975 (s) 1998 440 436 359 0 1 802 40,693 (s) 1999 481 506 421 0 1 931 39,045 0 2000 514 505 310 1 1 823 37,029 0 2001 532 520 469 2 6 1,023 36,248 0 2002 477 524 292 10 2 834 32,545 0 2003 R582 R553 R326 R3 2 R894 R38,480 0 2004P 605 509 533 1 3 1,059 41,432 0 

Industrial Sector 12

1989 9,707 815 6,830 294 150 8,688 443,928 83 1990 10,740 1,169 7,192 412 905 13,299 516,729 104 1991 10,610 1,879 6,004 322 815 12,283 521,916 118 1992 11,379 1,735 6,650 642 1,013 14,093 542,081 128 1993 11,898 1,902 7,373 498 597 12,755 546,978 123 1994 12,279 1,644 7,818 263 762 13,537 567,836 123 1995 12,171 1,056 6,460 239 902 12,265 601,397 114 1996 12,153 1,359 7,042 1,145 853 13,813 610,268 143 1997 12,311 1,079 6,118 107 884 11,723 622,599 105 1998 11,728 1,461 6,494 137 860 12,392 624,878 102 1999 11,432 1,571 5,845 460 944 12,595 639,165 112 2000 11,706 1,448 5,024 1,046 588 10,459 640,381 107 2001 10,636 1,574 5,693 479 557 10,530 653,565 88 2002 11,855 952 4,366 640 1,130 11,608 685,239 106 2003 R10,440 R1,678 R4,831 R1,006 R582 R10,424 R668,407 R127 2004P 15,676 955 6,795 703 743 12,168 762,262 181 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. 3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. 4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 9 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass.

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.11 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants.

12 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial e

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5. Notes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity

power sector electricity-only and CHP data. • See Note 1, "Cov"Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1989-1997—Energy Information Administration 

Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "PoEIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined H
Figure 8.6 Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output

at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants by Sector, 1989-2004

Coal Natural GasPetroleum Wood and Waste246 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Sources: Table 8.6b and 8.6c.

Electric Power

Industrial

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 

0

200400600800

Billion Cubic Feet

Industrial

Commercial Commercial

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003

05

101520

Million Short Tons

Electric Power

Industrial

Commercial

Electric Power

Industrial

Electric Power and Commerci

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003

05

1015202530

Million Barrels

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 

0

250500750

1,000

Trillion Btu
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 8.6a Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output

 at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Total (All Sectors), 1989-2004 (Sum of Tables 8.6b 

Year

Fossil Fuels 

Coal 1 

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7 

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu 

1989 16,510 1,410 16,391 353 247 19,391 563,307 116 1990 19,081 2,050 18,465 895 918 26,002 654,749 176 1991 18,458 3,027 15,293 835 777 23,039 663,963 185 1992 19,372 2,358 16,474 935 862 24,077 717,860 200 1993 19,750 2,449 17,933 857 1,031 26,394 733,584 178 1994 20,609 2,811 18,822 609 1,137 27,929 784,015 180 1995 20,418 2,082 16,661 642 1,235 25,562 834,382 181 1996 20,806 2,192 18,552 756 1,275 27,873 865,774 187 1997 21,005 2,584 15,882 289 2,009 28,802 868,569 188 1998 20,320 4,944 16,539 681 1,336 28,845 949,106 209 1999 20,373 4,665 14,133 838 1,437 26,822 982,958 224 2000 20,466 2,897 13,292 1,455 924 22,266 985,263 230 2001 18,944 2,574 11,826 563 661 18,268 898,286 166 2002 17,561 1,462 9,402 1,363 517 14,811 860,019 147 2003 R17,720 R2,153 R10,341 R1,629 R763 R17,939 R721,267 R138 2004P 15,132 1,077 9,525 388 264 12,308 567,742 160 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. 3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. 4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 9 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, su

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • Estimates are for fuels consumed to produce 

consumed to produce electricity. • Data do not include electplants. • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end in Glossary. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to 

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: Tables 8.6b and 8.6c.
248 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Table 8.6b Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output

 at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Electric Power Sector, 1989-2004 (Subset of Table 

Year

Fossil Fuels 

Coal 1 

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7 

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu 

1989 639 120 1,471 1 0 1,591 81,670 3 1990 1,266 173 1,630 2 0 1,805 97,330 5 1991 1,221 104 995 1 0 1,101 99,868 5 1992 1,704 154 1,045 10 4 1,229 122,908 6 1993 1,794 290 1,074 27 40 1,591 128,743 4 1994 2,241 371 1,024 104 58 1,791 144,062 6 1995 2,376 486 1,127 58 222 2,784 142,753 5 1996 2,520 308 1,155 86 175 2,424 147,091 5 1997 2,355 343 1,246 23 171 2,466 161,608 10 1998 2,493 134 653 19 103 1,322 172,471 6 1999 3,033 183 572 30 128 1,423 175,757 4 2000 3,107 294 467 51 120 1,412 192,253 7 2001 2,910 219 355 3 119 1,171 199,808 6 2002 2,255 66 197 23 111 841 263,619 7 2003 R2,080 R190 R919 R88 R80 R1,596 R225,967 R12 2004P 1,842 105 53 9 15 243 135,206 9 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. 3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. 4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 9 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass.

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5. Notes: • Estimates are for fuels consumed to produce useful thermal output; they exclude fuels

consumed to produce electricity. • Data are for combined-heat

(North American Industry Classification System) 22 category wand heat to the public. Data do not include electric utility CHP and industrial CHP data. • See Note 1, "Coverage of ElectriciPower Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. • • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent 

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1989-1997—Energy Information Administration 

Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "PoEIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report."
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 8.6c Estimated Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Useful Thermal Output

 at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2004 

Year

Fossil Fuels 

Coal 1 

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7 

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu 

Commercial Sector 11

1989 711 202 601 0 0 803 12,049 (s) 1990 773 389 715 (s) 0 1,104 18,913 (s) 1991 826 356 405 (s) 0 761 25,295 (s) 1992 804 259 538 (s) 2 807 29,672 (s) 1993 968 272 548 2 4 843 27,738 (s) 1994 940 534 379 0 4 931 31,457 (s) 1995 850 319 261 (s) 3 596 34,964 0 1996 1,005 260 328 (s) 3 601 40,075 0 1997 1,108 470 309 0 3 794 47,941 (s) 1998 1,002 418 573 0 3 1,006 46,527 (s) 1999 1,009 254 412 0 3 682 44,991 0 2000 1,034 403 366 2 4 792 47,844 0 2001 916 505 304 0 0 809 42,407 0 2002 929 248 108 28 6 416 41,430 0 2003 R1,234 R119 R381 R12 R9 R555 R19,973 0 2004P 969 276 271 20 6 597 33,098 0 

Industrial Sector 12

1989 15,160 1,088 14,320 352 247 16,997 469,588 113 1990 17,041 1,488 16,120 893 918 23,093 538,506 171 1991 16,412 2,567 13,893 834 777 21,177 538,800 180 1992 16,864 1,945 14,891 925 856 22,041 565,279 194 1993 16,988 1,887 16,311 829 987 23,960 577,103 174 1994 17,428 1,906 17,419 505 1,075 25,207 608,496 173 1995 17,192 1,277 15,272 584 1,010 22,182 656,665 175 1996 17,281 1,624 17,069 670 1,097 24,848 678,608 182 1997 17,542 1,772 14,328 267 1,835 25,541 659,021 178 1998 16,824 4,391 15,313 662 1,230 26,518 730,108 202 1999 16,330 4,228 13,148 808 1,307 24,718 762,210 219 2000 16,325 2,200 12,459 1,402 800 20,062 745,165 223 2001 15,119 1,850 11,167 560 542 16,287 656,071 160 2002 14,377 1,149 9,097 1,312 399 13,555 554,970 139 2003 R14,406 R1,844 R9,041 R1,529 R675 R15,788 R475,327 R126 2004P 12,320 696 9,200 359 243 11,468 399,438 151 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. 3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. 4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 9 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass.

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.11 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.12 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5. Notes: • Estimates are for fuels consumed to produce 

consumed to produce electricity. • See Table 8.6b for electri"Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of end of section. • See "Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. • due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1989-1997—Energy Information Administration 

Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "PoEIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report."
Figure 8.7 Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Therma

1989-2004

Coal Natural GasPetroleum Wood and Waste250 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Total

1Useful thermal output. Sources: Tables 8.5a, 8.6a, and 8.7a.

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003

0.00.30.60.9

1.2

Billion Short TonsTotal

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 

0

2

468

Trillion Cubic Feet Electricity Generation

UTO1

Electricity

Generation

UTO1

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003

0

50

100150200250300350

Million Barrels

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 

0.00.51.01.52.0

Quadrillion Btu Total

Total

Electricity

Generation

UTO1

Electricity

Generation

UTO1
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 8.7a Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Out

 Total (All Sectors), 1989-2004 (Sum of Tables 8.7b and 8.7c)

Year

Fossil Fuels 

Coal 1 

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7 

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu 

1989 798,181 29,143 266,211 656 915 300,583 4,048,736 206 1990 811,538 20,194 209,314 1,332 2,832 244,998 4,346,311 288 1991 812,124 19,590 193,073 1,215 2,566 226,708 4,428,742 311 1992 824,512 16,852 160,941 1,695 3,366 196,318 4,617,578 341 1993 861,904 19,293 176,992 1,571 4,200 218,855 4,662,236 314 1994 869,405 25,177 164,047 1,539 4,157 211,547 5,151,163 316 1995 881,012 21,697 112,168 1,322 4,590 158,140 5,572,253 313 1996 928,015 22,444 124,607 2,468 4,596 172,499 5,178,232 346 1997 952,955 22,893 134,623 526 6,095 188,517 5,433,338 307 1998 966,615 30,006 189,267 1,230 6,196 251,486 6,030,490 334 1999 970,175 30,616 172,319 1,812 5,989 234,694 6,304,942 350 2000 1,015,398 34,572 156,673 2,904 4,669 217,494 6,676,744 356 2001 991,635 33,724 177,137 1,418 4,532 234,940 6,730,591 263 2002 1,005,144 24,748 118,637 3,257 7,353 183,408 6,986,081 278 2003 R1,031,778 R31,825 R152,859 R4,576 R7,067 R224,593 R6,337,402 R294 2004P 1,044,696 20,767 157,410 3,059 7,760 220,037 6,588,077 371 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. Through 2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene

and jet fuel.

3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. Through 2000, electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4. 4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste.

9 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agric

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, su

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity 

"Coverage of Electricity Statistics," at end of section. • See "Usmay not equal sum of components due to independent rounding

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: Tables 8.7b and 8.7c.
252 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Table 8.7b Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Ou

 Electric Power Sector, 1989-2004 (Subset of Table 8.7a)

Year

Fossil Fuels 

Coal 1 

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7 

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu 

1989 772,190 26,156 244,179 10 517 272,931 3,105,183 9 1990 782,567 16,567 184,915 26 1,008 206,550 3,244,619 11 1991 783,874 14,359 172,625 59 974 191,911 3,315,925 11 1992 795,094 12,623 138,726 128 1,494 158,948 3,447,871 18 1993 831,645 14,849 152,481 239 2,611 180,625 3,472,982 16 1994 838,354 20,612 138,222 771 2,315 171,178 3,902,546 19 1995 850,230 18,553 90,023 499 2,674 122,447 4,236,526 24 1996 896,921 18,780 99,951 653 2,642 132,593 3,806,901 20 1997 921,364 18,989 113,669 152 3,372 149,668 4,064,803 24 1998 936,619 23,300 166,528 431 4,102 210,769 4,588,284 29 1999 940,922 24,058 152,493 544 3,735 195,769 4,819,531 19 2000 985,821 30,016 138,513 454 3,275 185,358 5,206,324 25 2001 964,433 29,274 159,504 377 3,427 206,291 5,342,301 15 2002 977,507 21,876 104,773 1,267 5,816 156,995 5,671,897 33 2003 R1,005,116 R27,632 R138,279 R2,026 R5,799 R196,932 R5,135,215 R41 2004P 1,015,126 18,331 140,611 1,976 6,765 194,745 5,351,846 39 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. Through 2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene

and jet fuel.

3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. Through 2000, electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4. 4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 9 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass.

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5. Notes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity and useful thermal output. • The electric

power sector comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-an

(North American Industry Classification System) 22 category whelectricity and heat, to the public. • See Table 8.7c for commedata. • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and NEnergy-Use Sectors," at end of section. • See "Useful Thermequal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1989-1997—Energy Information Administration (

Report," and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility Power ProduEIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "PoEIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined H
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 8.7c Consumption of Combustible Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Out

 Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2004 (Subset of Table 8.7a)

Year

Fossil Fuels 

Coal 1 

Petroleum

Natural Gas 6 Other Gases 7 

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 Total 5 

Thousand

Short Tons Thousand Barrels

Thousand

Short Tons

Thousand

Barrels

Million

Cubic Feet

Trillion

Btu 

Commercial Sector 11

1989 1,125 1,085 883 0 0 1,967 30,037 1 1990 1,191 969 1,087 (s) 0 2,056 46,458 1 1991 1,228 786 551 (s) 0 1,337 52,101 1 1992 1,175 548 675 (s) 2 1,235 62,346 1 1993 1,373 656 828 6 5 1,515 65,173 1 1994 1,344 1,015 588 0 4 1,625 72,285 1 1995 1,419 812 413 (s) 4 1,245 77,664 0 1996 1,660 682 545 (s) 4 1,246 82,455 0 1997 1,738 1,053 509 0 4 1,584 86,915 (s) 1998 1,443 854 932 0 4 1,807 87,220 (s) 1999 1,490 759 834 0 4 1,613 84,037 0 2000 1,547 908 676 3 6 1,615 84,874 0 2001 1,448 1,026 773 2 6 1,832 78,655 0 2002 1,405 771 400 38 8 1,250 73,975 0 2003 R1,816 R671 R708 R16 R11 R1,449 R58,453 0 2004P 1,574 785 804 21 9 1,656 74,530 0 

Industrial Sector 12

1989 24,867 1,903 21,150 646 397 25,685 913,516 195 1990 27,781 2,657 23,312 1,305 1,824 36,392 1,055,235 275 1991 27,021 4,446 19,897 1,156 1,592 33,460 1,060,716 298 1992 28,244 3,680 21,540 1,567 1,870 36,135 1,107,361 322 1993 28,886 3,788 23,684 1,326 1,583 36,715 1,124,081 297 1994 29,707 3,550 25,238 768 1,838 38,744 1,176,332 296 1995 29,363 2,333 21,732 823 1,912 34,448 1,258,063 290 1996 29,434 2,983 24,111 1,815 1,950 38,661 1,288,876 325 1997 29,853 2,851 20,445 374 2,719 37,265 1,281,620 283 1998 28,553 5,852 21,807 800 2,090 38,910 1,354,986 305 1999 27,763 5,799 18,993 1,268 2,251 37,312 1,401,374 331 2000 28,031 3,648 17,483 2,448 1,388 30,520 1,385,546 331 2001 25,755 3,424 16,860 1,039 1,099 26,817 1,309,636 248 2002 26,232 2,101 13,463 1,953 1,529 25,163 1,240,209 245 2003 R24,846 R3,522 R13,872 R2,535 R1,257 R26,212 R1,143,734 R253 2004P 27,996 1,651 15,995 1,062 986 23,636 1,161,700 332 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. 3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. 4 Jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum liquids, and waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 7 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 8 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 9 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass.

10 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.11 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants.12 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5. Notes: • Data are for fuels consumed to produce electricity 

8.7b for electric power sector electricity-only and CHP data. Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Ene"Useful Thermal Output" in Glossary. • Totals may not equarounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1989-1997—Energy Information Administration 

Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form Report—Nonutility." • 2001-2003—EIA, Form EIA-906, "PoEIA-906, "Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-920, "Combined H
Figure 8.8 Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector

Coal Stocks, 1949-2004 Coal and Petroleum Stocks, 1973-2004Petroleum Stocks, 1949-2004 Petroleum Stocks by Product, 2004254 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6.2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4.3 Petroleum coke, which is reported in short tons, is converted at a rate of 5 barrels per short

ton.

4Jet fuel and kerosene.

Notes: • Stocks are at end of year. • Because vertical scale

compared.

Sources: Tables 8.8, A3, and A5.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

50

100150200

Million Short Tons

1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

1

2

34

Quadrillion Btu

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

50

100150

Million Barrels

26

18

Residual Distillate Pe

05

1015202530

Million Barrels

Fuel Oil 

2 Fuel Oil1
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 8.8 Stocks of Coal and Petroleum: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2004

Year

Coal 1

Petroleum

Distillate Fuel Oil 2 Residual Fuel Oil 3 Other Liquids 4 Petroleum Coke 5 

Thousand Short Tons Thousand Barrels Thousand Short Ton

1949 22,054 NA NA NA NA 1950 31,842 NA NA NA NA 1955 41,391 NA NA NA NA 1960 51,735 NA NA NA NA 1965 54,525 NA NA NA NA 1970 71,908 NA NA NA 239 1971 77,778 NA NA NA 291 1972 99,722 NA NA NA 287 1973 86,967 10,095 79,121 NA 312 1974 83,509 15,199 97,718 NA 35 1975 110,724 16,432 108,825 NA 31 1976 117,436 14,703 106,993 NA 32 1977 133,219 19,281 124,750 NA 44 1978 128,225 16,386 102,402 NA 198 1979 159,714 20,301 111,121 NA 183 1980 183,010 30,023 105,351 NA 52 1981 168,893 26,094 102,042 NA 42 1982 181,132 23,369 95,515 NA 41 1983 155,598 18,801 70,573 NA 55 1984 179,727 19,116 68,503 NA 50 1985 156,376 16,386 57,304 NA 49 1986 161,806 16,269 56,841 NA 40 1987 170,797 15,759 55,069 NA 51 1988 146,507 15,099 54,187 NA 86 1989 135,860 13,824 47,446 NA 105 1990 156,166 16,471 67,030 NA 94 1991 157,876 16,357 58,636 NA 70 1992 154,130 15,714 56,135 NA 67 1993 111,341 15,674 46,770 NA 89 1994 126,897 16,644 46,344 NA 69 1995 126,304 15,392 35,102 NA 65 1996 114,623 15,216 32,473 NA 91 1997 98,826 15,456 33,336 NA 469 1998 120,501 16,343 37,451 NA 559 19996 141,604 17,995 34,256 NA 372 2000 102,296 15,127 24,748 NA 211 2001 138,496 20,486 34,594 NA 390 2002 141,714 17,413 25,723 800 1,711 2003 R121,567 R19,153 R25,820 779 R1,484 2004P 106,709 18,322 26,250 554 914 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, and lignite. 2 Fuel oil nos. 1, 2, and 4. For 1949-1979, data are for gas turbine and internal combustion plant stocks

of petroleum. For 1980-2000, electric utility data also include small amounts of kerosene and jet fuel.

3 Fuel oil nos. 5 and 6. For 1949-1979, data are for steam plant stocks of petroleum. For 1980-2000,

electric utility data also include a small amount of fuel oil no. 4.

4 Jet fuel and kerosene. Through 2003, data also include a small amount of waste oil. 5 Petroleum coke is converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by 5. 6 Through 1998, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1999, data are for electric utilities and

independent power producers.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Notes: • Stocks are at end of year. • The electric power sector comprises electricity-only and

combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North American Industry Classification System)22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. • See Note

1, "Coverage of Electricity Statistics," and Note 2, "Classification 

at end of section. • Totals may not equal sum of components du

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric

Sources: • 1949-September 1977—Federal Power Commi

Report." • October 1977-1981—Federal Energy Regulatory CPlant Report." • 1982-1988—Energy Information AdministratPlant Report." • 1989-1997—EIA, Form EIA-759, "Monthly "Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EReport," and Form EIA-860B, "Annual Electric Generator RepoEIA-906, "Power Plant Report." • 2004—EIA, Form EIA-906, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report."
Figure 8.9 Electricity End Use

Overview, 1989-2004 Retail Sales1 by Sector, 2004Retail Sales1 by Sector, 1949-2004256 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Retail Sales1

Total End Use

1 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, other

energy service providers.

2 Commercial and industrial facility use of onsite net electricity generation; and electricity

sales among adjacent or co-located facilities for which revenue information is not available.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Source: Table 8.9.

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003

0

1

2

34

Trillion Kilowatthours

1.29

1.23

Residential Commercial Ind

0.00.51.01.5

Trillion Kilowatthours

Direct Use2

Commerc

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 

0.00.51.01.5

Trillion Kilowatthours
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 8.9 Electricity End Use, Selected Years, 1949-2004

 (Billion Kilowatthours)

Year

Retail Sales 1

Direct Use 6 Total End Use7

Residential Commercial 2 Industrial 3 Transportation 4 Total Retail Sales 5 Com

1949 67 E59 123 E6 255 NA 255 1950 72 E66 146 E7 291 NA 291 1955 128 E103 260 E6 497 NA 497 1960 201 E159 324 E3 688 NA 688 1965 291 E231 429 E3 954 NA 954 1970 466 E352 571 E3 1,392 NA 1,392 1971 500 E377 589 E3 1,470 NA 1,470 1972 539 E413 641 E3 1,595 NA 1,595 1973 579 E445 686 E3 1,713 NA 1,713 1974 578 E440 685 E3 1,706 NA 1,706 1975 588 E468 688 E3 1,747 NA 1,747 1976 606 E492 754 E3 1,855 NA 1,855 1977 645 E514 786 E3 1,948 NA 1,948 1978 674 E531 809 E3 2,018 NA 2,018 1979 683 543 842 3 2,071 NA 2,071 1980 717 559 815 3 2,094 NA 2,094 1981 722 596 826 3 2,147 NA 2,147 1982 730 609 745 3 2,086 NA 2,086 1983 751 620 776 4 2,151 NA 2,151 1984 780 664 838 4 2,286 NA 2,286 1985 794 689 837 4 2,324 NA 2,324 1986 819 715 831 4 2,369 NA 2,369 1987 850 744 858 5 2,457 NA 2,457 1988 893 784 896 5 2,578 NA 2,578 1989 906 811 926 5 2,647 R109 R2,756 1990 924 838 946 5 2,713 R125 R2,837 1991 955 855 947 5 2,762 R124 R2,886 1992 936 850 973 5 2,763 R134 R2,897 1993 995 885 977 5 2,861 R139 R3,001 1994 1,008 913 1,008 5 2,935 R146 R3,081 1995 1,043 953 1,013 5 3,013 R151 R3,164 1996 1,083 980 1,034 5 3,101 R153 R3,254 1997 1,076 1,027 1,038 5 3,146 R156 R3,302 1998 1,130 1,078 1,051 5 3,264 161 3,425 1999 1,145 1,104 1,058 5 3,312 R172 R3,484 2000 1,192 1,159 1,064 5 3,421 R171 R3,592 2001 1,203 1,197 964 5 3,370 R163 R3,532 2002 1,267 1,218 972 R6 3,463 R166 R3,629 2003 R1,273 R1,200 R1,008 R7 R3,488 R168 R3,656 2004P 1,293 1,229 1,021 8 3,551 E166 3,717 

1 Electricity retail sales to ultimate customers reported by electric utilities and, beginning in 1996, other

energy service providers. 2 Commercial sector, including public street and highway lighting, interdepartmental sales, and othersales to public authorities. 3 Industrial sector. Through 2002, excludes agriculture and irrigation; beginning in 2003, includesagriculture and irrigation. 4 Transportation sector, including sales to railroads and railways. 5 The sum of "Residential," "Commercial," "Industrial," and "Transportation." 6 Use of electricity that is 1) self-generated, 2) produced by either the same entity that consumes thepower or an affiliate, and 3) used in direct support of a service or industrial process located within the samefacility or group of facilities that house the generating equipment. Direct use is exclusive of station use. 7 The sum of "Total Retail Sales" and "Direct Use." 8 "Commercial (Old)" is a discontinued series—data are for the commercial sector, excluding publicstreet and highway lighting, interdepartmental sales, and other sales to public authorities. 9 "Other (Old)" is a discontinued series—data are for public street and highway lighting,interdepartmental sales, other sales to public authorities, agriculture and irrigation, and transportationincluding railroads and railways.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. — = Not applicable.Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see htt

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.h

Sources: Residential and Industrial: • 1949-September 1

FPC-5, "Monthly Statement of Electric Operating Revenue an1980—Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), Form Operating Revenue and Income." • March 1980-1982—FERCMonthly Statement." • 1983—Energy Information AdministratiCompany Monthly Statement." • 1984-1989—EIA, Form EIA-861forward—EIA, Electric Power Monthly (March 2005), Table 5.1. CEIA as the sum of "Commercial (Old)" and the non-transportation methodology at http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/sep_use/noteElectric Power Monthly (March 2005), Table 5.1. Transby EIA as the transportation portion of "Other (Old).http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/sep_use/notes/use_elec.pdf. Monthly (March 2005), Table 5.1. Direct Use: • 1989-1991—Power Producer Report." • 1992-2003—EIA, Electric Power A• 2004—Estimate based on the 2003 value adjusted by the industrial net generation on Table 8.1. Commercial (Old) and Ofor "Residential" and "Industrial."
Figure 8.10 Average Retail Prices of Electricity

Total, 1960-2004 By Sector, 2004By Sector, Nominal Prices, 1960-2004 By Sector, Real1 Prices, 1960-2004258 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See Table D1. 2 Public street and highway lighting, other sales to public authorities, sales to railroads and

railways, and interdepartmental sales.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Source: Table 8.10.

8.26

7.55

8.94

8.17

5.11

Residential Commercial Ind

0

2

468

10

Cents per Kilowatthour

Real1

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

2

468

10

12

Cents per Kilowatthour Nominal

Residential

Industrial

Other2

Commercial Residential

Other2

Industrial

Commercial

Transportation

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

2

468

10

12

Cents per Kilowatthour

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 

05

1015

Chained (2000) Cents per Kilowatthour
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 8.10 Average Retail Prices of Electricity, 1960-2004

 (Cents per Kilowatthour, Including Taxes)

Year

Residential Commercial 1 Industrial 2 Transportation 3 Other 4 

Nominal Real 5 Nominal Real 5 Nominal Real 5 Nominal Real 5 Nominal Rea

1960 2.6 12.4 2.4 11.4 1.1 5.2 NA NA 1.9 9.0 1961 2.6 12.2 2.4 11.3 1.1 5.2 NA NA 1.8 8.5 1962 2.6 R12.1 2.4 11.1 1.1 5.1 NA NA 1.9 8.8 1963 2.5 11.5 2.3 10.6 1.0 4.6 NA NA 1.8 8.3 1964 2.5 11.3 2.2 9.9 1.0 4.5 NA NA 1.8 8.1 1965 2.4 R10.7 2.2 9.8 1.0 4.4 NA NA 1.8 8.0 1966 2.3 9.9 2.1 9.1 1.0 4.3 NA NA 1.8 7.8 1967 2.3 9.6 2.1 8.8 1.0 4.2 NA NA 1.8 7.5 1968 2.3 9.2 2.1 8.4 1.0 4.0 NA NA 1.8 7.2 1969 2.2 8.4 2.1 8.0 1.0 3.8 NA NA 1.7 6.5 1970 2.2 8.0 2.1 7.6 1.0 3.6 NA NA 1.8 6.5 1971 2.3 8.0 2.2 7.6 1.1 3.8 NA NA 1.9 6.6 1972 2.4 8.0 2.3 7.6 1.2 4.0 NA NA 2.0 6.6 1973 2.5 R7.9 2.4 7.5 1.3 4.1 NA NA 2.1 6.6 1974 3.1 8.9 3.0 8.6 1.7 4.9 NA NA 2.8 8.1 1975 3.5 9.2 3.5 9.2 2.1 5.5 NA NA 3.1 8.2 1976 3.7 9.2 3.7 9.2 2.2 5.5 NA NA 3.3 8.2 1977 4.1 9.6 4.1 9.6 2.5 R5.9 NA NA 3.5 8.2 1978 4.3 9.4 4.4 9.6 2.8 6.1 NA NA 3.6 7.9 1979 4.6 9.3 4.7 9.5 3.1 6.3 NA NA 4.0 8.1 1980 5.4 10.0 5.5 10.2 3.7 R6.9 NA NA 4.8 8.9 1981 6.2 10.5 6.3 10.7 4.3 7.3 NA NA 5.3 9.0 1982 6.9 11.0 6.9 11.0 5.0 8.0 NA NA 5.9 9.4 1983 7.2 11.0 7.0 10.7 5.0 7.7 NA NA 6.4 9.8 1984 7.15 10.57 7.13 10.54 4.83 7.14 NA NA 5.90 8.71985 7.39 10.60 7.27 10.43 4.97 7.13 NA NA 6.09 8.71986 7.42 10.41 7.20 10.11 4.93 6.92 NA NA 6.11 8.51987 7.45 10.18 7.08 9.67 4.77 6.52 NA NA 6.21 8.41988 7.48 9.88 7.04 9.30 4.70 6.21 NA NA 6.20 8.11989 7.65 9.74 7.20 9.17 4.72 6.01 NA NA 6.25 7.91990 7.83 9.60 7.34 9.00 4.74 5.81 NA NA 6.40 7.81991 8.04 9.52 7.53 8.92 4.83 5.72 NA NA 6.51 7.71992 8.21 9.50 7.66 8.87 4.83 5.59 NA NA 6.74 7.81993 8.32 9.41 7.74 8.76 4.85 5.49 NA NA 6.88 7.71994 8.38 9.28 7.73 8.56 4.77 5.28 NA NA 6.84 7.51995 8.40 9.12 7.69 8.35 4.66 5.06 NA NA 6.88 7.41996 8.36 8.91 7.64 8.14 4.60 4.90 NA NA 6.91 7.31997 8.43 8.84 7.59 7.95 4.53 4.75 NA NA 6.91 7.21998 8.26 8.56 7.41 7.68 4.48 4.64 NA NA 6.63 6.81999 8.16 8.34 7.26 7.42 4.43 4.53 NA NA 6.35 6.42000 8.24 8.24 7.43 7.43 4.64 4.64 NA NA 6.56 6.52001 8.62 8.42 7.93 R7.74 5.04 4.92 NA NA 7.03 6.82002 8.46 R8.13 7.86 R7.55 4.88 4.69 NA NA 6.73 6.42003 R8.70 R8.21 R7.98 R7.53 R5.13 R4.84 7.58 7.15 — — 2004P 8.94 8.26 8.17 7.55 5.11 4.72 6.48 5.99 — — 

1 Commercial sector. For 1960-2002, prices exclude public street and highway lighting,

interdepartmental sales, and other sales to public authorities. 2 Industrial sector. For 1960-2002, prices exclude agriculture and irrigation. 3 Transportation sector, including railroads and railways. 4 Public street and highway lighting, interdepartmental sales, other sales to public authorities, agricultureand irrigation, and transportation including railroads and railways.

5 In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators. See

Table D1.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. — = Not applicable.Notes: • Beginning in 2003, the category "Other" has been replaced by "Transportation," and the

categories "Commercial" and "Industrial" have been redefined. • Data represent revenue from electricityretail sales divided by electricity retail sales. • Prices include State and local taxes, energy or demandcharges, customer service charges, environmental surcharges, franchise fees, fuel adjustments, and othermiscellaneous charges applied to end-use customers during normal billing operations. Prices do not include

deferred charges, credits, or other adjustments, such as fuel 

previous reporting periods. • Through 1979, data are for Classonly. For 1980-1982, data are for selected Class A utilities whmillion or more during the previous year. For 1983, data are Beginning in 1984, data are for a census of electric utilities. Bservice providers selling to retail customers.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1960-September 1977—Federal Power Commis

Electric Operating Revenues and Income." • October 1977-FCommission (FERC), Form FPC-5, "Monthly Statement of E• March 1980-1982—FERC, Form FERC-5, "Electric • 1983—Energy Information Administration (EIA), Form EIStatement." • 1984-1989—EIA, Form EIA-861, "Annual ElecElectric Power Monthly (March 2005), Table 5.3.
Figure 8.11a Electric Net Summer Capacity, Total (All Sectors)

Total, 1949-2004 By Major Category, 2004By Source, 2004260 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Total

1 Petroleum and natural gas.2 Conventional and pumped storage.3 Other gases, batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.

(s)=Less than 0.5 million kilowatts. Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Source: Table 8.11a.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

200400600800

1,0001,200

Million Kilowatts

E

750

100 

Fossil Nuclear Ren

0

250500750

1000

Million Kilowatts

Nuclear Electric Power

Fuels

Fossil Fuels

Renewable Energy

Electric

Power

313

223

175

100 99

37

6 6 4 2 

Coal Natural Gas Dual Fired1 Nuclear Hydro- Petroleum Wind Wood Waste Geotherm

0

50

100150200250300350

Million Kilowatts

Electric

Power

electric

Power 2
Figure 8.11b Electric Net Summer Capacity by Sector

Total (All Sectors) and Sectors, 1989-2004 Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, 1989-20Commercial Sector, 2004 Industrial Sector, 2004

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

1 Petroleum and natural gas.2 Conventional hydroelectric power and wood.3 Conventional.4 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous

technologies.

(s)=Less than 0.05 million kilowatts.Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Sources: Tables 8.11a-8.11d.

1990 1992 1994 1996 1

0

250500750

1,000

Million Kilowatts

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004

0

300600900

1,200

Million Kilowatts Electric Power Sector Total (All Sectors)

Commercial and Industrial

Electricity-Only Plants

Combined-Heat-and-Powe

0.6

0.5

0.4 0.3

0.3

(s)

Dual Natural Waste Coal Petroleum Other2

0.0

0.2

0.40.60.8

Million Kilowatts

14.0

4.3 4.1

1.7 1.3

Natural Wood Coal Other Dual H

048

12

16

Million Kilowatts

el

P

Fired1 Gas Gas Gases 

Fired1 
262 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Table 8.11a Electric Net Summer Capacity: Total (All Sectors), Selected Years, 1949-2004

 (Sum of Tables 8.11b and 8.11d; Million Kilowatts)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Dual

Fired 4

Other

Gases 5 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power Wood 6 Waste 7

Geothermal Solar 8 

1949 NA NA NA NA NA 44.9 0.0 10 ( ) 18.5 (s) 11 ( ) NA NA 1950 NA NA NA NA NA 50.0 0.0 10 ( ) 19.2 (s) 11 ( ) NA NA 1955 NA NA NA NA NA 86.8 0.0 10 ( ) 27.4 (s) 11 ( ) NA NA 1960 NA NA NA NA NA 130.8 0.4 10 ( ) 35.8 0.1 11 ( ) (s) NA 1965 NA NA NA NA NA 182.9 0.8 10 ( ) 51.0 0.1 11 ( ) (s) NA 1970 NA NA NA NA NA 265.4 7.0 10 ( ) 63.8 0.1 11 ( ) 0.1 NA 1971 NA NA NA NA NA 288.0 9.0 10 ( ) 69.1 0.1 11 ( ) 0.2 NA 1972 NA NA NA NA NA 310.7 14.5 10 ( ) 70.5 0.1 11 ( ) 0.3 NA 1973 NA NA NA NA NA 341.2 22.7 10 ( ) 75.4 0.1 11 ( ) 0.4 NA 1974 NA NA NA NA NA 360.7 31.9 10 ( ) 75.5 0.1 11 ( ) 0.4 NA 1975 NA NA NA NA NA 375.1 37.3 10 ( ) 78.4 0.1 11 ( ) 0.5 NA 1976 NA NA NA NA NA 394.8 43.8 10 ( ) 78.0 0.1 11 ( ) 0.5 NA 1977 NA NA NA NA NA 410.4 46.3 10 ( ) 78.6 0.1 11 ( ) 0.5 NA 1978 NA NA NA NA NA 420.8 50.8 10 ( ) 79.9 0.1 11 ( ) 0.5 NA 1979 NA NA NA NA NA 432.1 49.7 10 ( ) 82.9 0.1 11 ( ) 0.7 NA 1980 NA NA NA NA NA 444.1 51.8 10 ( ) 81.7 0.1 11 ( ) 0.9 NA 1981 NA NA NA NA NA 458.9 56.0 10 ( ) 82.4 0.1 11 ( ) 0.9 NA 1982 NA NA NA NA NA 469.6 60.0 10 ( ) 83.0 0.1 11 ( ) 1.0 NA 1983 NA NA NA NA NA 472.8 63.0 10 ( ) 83.9 0.2 11 ( ) 1.2 NA 1984 NA NA NA NA NA 478.6 69.7 10 ( ) 85.3 0.3 11 ( ) 1.2 12 ( ) 1985 NA NA NA NA NA 485.0 79.4 10 ( ) 88.9 0.2 0.2 1.6 12 ( ) 1986 NA NA NA NA NA 488.3 85.2 10 ( ) 89.3 0.2 0.2 1.6 12 ( ) 1987 NA NA NA NA NA 488.8 93.6 10 ( ) 89.7 0.2 0.2 1.5 12 ( ) 1988 NA NA NA NA NA 490.6 94.7 10 ( ) 90.3 0.2 0.2 1.7 12 ( ) 198913 303.1 48.8 54.1 111.8 1.5 519.4 98.2 18.1 74.1 5.2 2.1 2.6 0.2 1990 307.4 49.0 56.2 113.6 1.6 527.8 99.6 19.5 73.9 5.5 2.5 2.7 0.3 1991 307.4 47.3 60.8 113.7 2.1 531.4 99.6 18.4 76.0 6.1 2.9 2.6 0.3 1992 309.4 45.6 60.7 118.9 2.1 536.7 99.0 21.2 74.8 6.2 3.0 2.9 0.3 1993 310.1 44.0 65.5 120.2 1.9 541.8 99.0 21.1 77.4 6.5 3.1 2.9 0.3 1994 311.4 42.7 70.7 123.1 2.1 550.0 99.1 21.2 78.0 6.7 3.3 3.0 0.3 1995 311.4 43.7 75.4 122.0 1.7 554.2 99.5 21.4 78.6 6.7 3.5 3.0 0.3 1996 313.4 43.6 74.5 128.6 1.7 561.7 100.8 21.1 76.4 6.8 3.6 2.9 0.3 1997 313.6 43.2 76.3 129.4 1.5 564.1 99.7 19.3 79.4 6.9 3.6 2.9 0.3 1998 315.8 40.4 75.8 130.4 1.5 563.9 97.1 19.5 79.2 6.8 3.7 2.9 0.3 1999 315.5 35.6 73.6 146.0 1.9 572.6 97.4 19.6 79.4 6.8 3.7 2.8 0.4 2000 315.1 35.9 95.7 149.8 2.3 598.9 97.9 19.5 79.4 6.1 3.9 2.8 0.4 2001 314.2 39.7 125.8 153.5 1.7 634.9 98.2 19.1 79.5 5.9 3.8 2.2 0.4 2002 315.4 38.2 171.7 162.3 2.0 689.5 98.7 20.4 79.4 5.8 3.8 2.3 0.4 2003 R313.0 R36.4 R208.4 R171.3 2.0 R731.2 R99.2 R20.5 R78.7 5.9 R3.8 R2.1 0.4 2004P 313.3 36.6 222.9 175.4 2.0 750.2 99.6 20.5 78.7 5.9 3.8 2.1 0.4 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 4 Petroleum and natural gas. 5 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 6 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 7 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy. 9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.

10 Included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power."11 Included in "Wood."

12 Included in "Wind."13 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Begin

independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than Notes: • Data are at end of year. • For plants that use multi

to the predominant energy source. • See Note 1, "Coverage • See "Generator Net Summer Capacity" in Glossary. • Totals independent rounding.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric

Sources: Tables 8.11b and 8.11d.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 8.11b Electric Net Summer Capacity: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2004

 (Subset of Table 8.11a; Million Kilowatts)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Dual

Fired 4

Other

Gases 5 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power Wood 6 Waste 7

Geothermal Solar 8 

1949 NA NA NA NA NA 44.9 0.0 10 ( ) 18.5 (s) 11 ( ) NA NA 1950 NA NA NA NA NA 50.0 0.0 10 ( ) 19.2 (s) 11 ( ) NA NA 1955 NA NA NA NA NA 86.8 0.0 10 ( ) 27.4 (s) 11 ( ) NA NA 1960 NA NA NA NA NA 130.8 0.4 10 ( ) 35.8 0.1 11 ( ) (s) NA 1965 NA NA NA NA NA 182.9 0.8 10 ( ) 51.0 0.1 11 ( ) (s) NA 1970 NA NA NA NA NA 265.4 7.0 10 ( ) 63.8 0.1 11 ( ) 0.1 NA 1971 NA NA NA NA NA 288.0 9.0 10 ( ) 69.1 0.1 11 ( ) 0.2 NA 1972 NA NA NA NA NA 310.7 14.5 10 ( ) 70.5 0.1 11 ( ) 0.3 NA 1973 NA NA NA NA NA 341.2 22.7 10 ( ) 75.4 0.1 11 ( ) 0.4 NA 1974 NA NA NA NA NA 360.7 31.9 10 ( ) 75.5 0.1 11 ( ) 0.4 NA 1975 NA NA NA NA NA 375.1 37.3 10 ( ) 78.4 0.1 11 ( ) 0.5 NA 1976 NA NA NA NA NA 394.8 43.8 10 ( ) 78.0 0.1 11 ( ) 0.5 NA 1977 NA NA NA NA NA 410.4 46.3 10 ( ) 78.6 0.1 11 ( ) 0.5 NA 1978 NA NA NA NA NA 420.8 50.8 10 ( ) 79.9 0.1 11 ( ) 0.5 NA 1979 NA NA NA NA NA 432.1 49.7 10 ( ) 82.9 0.1 11 ( ) 0.7 NA 1980 NA NA NA NA NA 444.1 51.8 10 ( ) 81.7 0.1 11 ( ) 0.9 NA 1981 NA NA NA NA NA 458.9 56.0 10 ( ) 82.4 0.1 11 ( ) 0.9 NA 1982 NA NA NA NA NA 469.6 60.0 10 ( ) 83.0 0.1 11 ( ) 1.0 NA 1983 NA NA NA NA NA 472.8 63.0 10 ( ) 83.9 0.2 11 ( ) 1.2 NA 1984 NA NA NA NA NA 478.6 69.7 10 ( ) 85.3 0.3 11 ( ) 1.2 12 ( ) 1985 NA NA NA NA NA 485.0 79.4 10 ( ) 88.9 0.2 0.2 1.6 12 ( ) 1986 NA NA NA NA NA 488.3 85.2 10 ( ) 89.3 0.2 0.2 1.6 12 ( ) 1987 NA NA NA NA NA 488.8 93.6 10 ( ) 89.7 0.2 0.2 1.5 12 ( ) 1988 NA NA NA NA NA 490.6 94.7 10 ( ) 90.3 0.2 0.2 1.7 12 ( ) 198913 298.0 48.0 46.1 109.4 0.4 501.9 98.2 18.1 73.6 1.1 1.7 2.6 0.2 1990 302.3 48.0 47.9 110.8 0.4 509.3 99.6 19.5 73.3 1.2 2.1 2.7 0.3 1991 302.5 46.4 52.9 110.9 0.7 513.3 99.6 18.4 75.4 1.3 2.5 2.6 0.3 1992 304.3 44.7 52.0 116.1 0.7 517.9 99.0 21.2 74.2 1.4 2.5 2.9 0.3 1993 305.0 43.1 56.1 117.6 0.7 522.5 99.0 21.1 76.8 1.5 2.6 2.9 0.3 1994 306.1 41.7 61.1 120.2 0.7 529.8 99.1 21.2 76.9 1.7 2.7 3.0 0.3 1995 306.0 42.7 65.6 119.1 0.3 533.7 99.5 21.4 77.4 1.8 3.0 3.0 0.3 1996 308.1 42.6 64.5 125.7 0.1 540.9 100.8 21.1 75.3 1.7 2.9 2.9 0.3 1997 308.5 42.0 65.7 126.7 0.2 543.1 99.7 19.3 78.3 1.8 2.9 2.9 0.3 1998 310.9 39.2 64.4 128.5 0.1 543.0 97.1 19.5 78.0 1.8 3.0 2.9 0.3 1999 310.7 34.5 61.6 143.7 0.2 550.7 97.4 19.6 78.3 1.8 3.0 2.8 0.4 2000 310.2 34.9 82.6 147.9 0.3 575.9 97.9 19.5 78.2 1.7 3.3 2.8 0.4 2001 309.8 38.4 111.1 152.0 0.3 611.6 98.2 19.1 78.4 1.6 3.3 2.2 0.4 2002 311.0 37.3 157.4 160.4 0.3 666.5 98.7 20.4 78.3 1.6 3.4 2.3 0.4 2003 R308.5 R35.5 R193.9 R169.4 0.3 R707.6 R99.2 R20.5 R77.9 1.6 R3.3 R2.1 0.4 2004P 308.9 35.6 208.3 173.6 0.3 726.7 99.6 20.5 77.9 1.6 3.3 2.1 0.4 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 4 Petroleum and natural gas. 5 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 6 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 7 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy. 9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.

10 Included in "Conventional Hydroelectric Power."11 Included in "Wood."12 Included in "Wind."13 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and

independent power producers.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 million kilowatts. 

Notes: • Data are at end of year. • For plants that use mult

to the predominant energy source. • The electric powcombined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (Nort22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or elec8.11d for commercial and industrial CHP and electricity-only daStatistics," and Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Ene"Generator Net Summer Capacity" in Glossary. • Totals mindependent rounding.

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see h

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric

Sources: • 1949-1984—Energy Information Administration (

EIA-860, "Annual Electric Generator Report." • 1989-199Generator Report," and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility PowForm EIA-860A, "Annual Electric Generator Report—Utility,Generator Report—Nonutility." • 2001 forward—EIA, Form EIA-
264 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Table 8.11c Electric Net Summer Capacity: Electric Power Sector by Plant Type, 1989-2004

 (Breakout of Table 8.11b; Million Kilowatts)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydroelectric

Pumped

Storage

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Dual

Fired 4

Other

Gases 5 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power Wood 6 Waste 7

Geothermal Solar 8 

Electricity-Only Plants 10

1989 296.5 47.9 43.2 106.2 0.4 494.2 98.2 18.1 73.6 0.9 1.5 2.6 0.2 1990 299.9 47.8 44.1 106.4 0.4 498.6 99.6 19.5 73.3 1.0 1.9 2.7 0.3 1991 299.6 46.0 48.4 106.1 0.7 500.8 99.6 18.4 75.4 1.1 2.2 2.6 0.3 1992 300.8 44.4 47.7 109.5 0.7 503.1 99.0 21.2 74.2 1.2 2.3 2.9 0.3 1993 301.2 42.8 49.8 111.2 0.7 505.7 99.0 21.1 76.8 1.2 2.4 2.9 0.3 1994 301.6 41.4 51.5 113.5 0.7 508.7 99.1 21.2 76.9 1.5 2.5 3.0 0.3 1995 301.3 42.4 55.5 112.1 0.3 511.5 99.5 21.4 77.4 1.5 2.7 3.0 0.3 1996 303.1 42.2 52.9 118.6 0.1 516.9 100.8 21.1 75.3 1.4 2.6 2.9 0.3 1997 303.6 41.7 54.1 119.1 0.2 518.7 99.7 19.3 78.3 1.5 2.5 2.9 0.3 1998 305.9 38.8 50.3 122.5 0.1 517.5 97.1 19.5 78.0 1.4 2.6 2.9 0.3 1999 305.5 34.2 49.8 135.2 0.2 525.0 97.4 19.6 78.3 1.5 2.6 2.8 0.4 2000 305.2 34.4 67.6 141.8 0.1 549.0 97.9 19.5 78.2 1.5 2.8 2.8 0.4 2001 305.2 38.1 93.0 148.2 0.1 584.5 98.2 19.1 78.4 1.5 3.0 2.2 0.4 2002 305.8 36.5 R136.0 152.5 0.1 R630.9 98.7 20.4 78.3 1.4 2.9 2.3 0.4 2003 R303.0 R35.2 R166.9 R160.7 0.1 R665.9 R99.2 R20.5 R77.9 1.4 R2.8 R2.1 0.4 2004P 303.4 35.3 178.9 164.5 0.1 682.2 99.6 20.5 77.9 1.4 2.9 2.1 0.4 

Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants 11

1989 1.5 0.1 2.8 3.3 0.0 7.7 — — 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.0 — 1990 2.4 0.1 3.9 4.4 0.0 10.7 — — 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.0 — 1991 2.9 0.3 4.5 4.8 0.0 12.5 — — 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.0 — 1992 3.5 0.3 4.3 6.6 (s) 14.7 — — 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.0 — 1993 3.8 0.3 6.3 6.4 0.0 16.8 — — 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.0 — 1994 4.5 0.3 9.6 6.8 0.0 21.0 — — 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.0 — 1995 4.8 0.3 10.0 7.0 0.0 22.1 — — 0.0 0.4 0.2 0.0 — 1996 5.0 0.3 11.5 7.2 0.0 24.0 — — 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.0 — 1997 4.9 0.3 11.6 7.6 (s) 24.4 — — 0.0 0.3 0.4 0.0 — 1998 5.0 0.4 14.1 6.0 0.0 25.5 — — 0.0 0.4 0.4 0.0 — 1999 5.2 0.2 11.8 8.4 0.0 25.7 — — 0.0 0.4 0.4 0.0 — 2000 5.0 0.4 15.1 6.1 0.3 26.9 — — 0.0 0.2 0.5 0.0 — 2001 4.6 0.4 18.0 3.8 0.3 27.1 — — (s) 0.1 0.4 (s) — 2002 5.2 0.8 R21.4 7.9 0.2 R35.6 — — 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.0 — 2003 R5.5 R0.3 R26.9 R8.7 0.2 R41.7 — — (s) 0.2 R0.5 0.0 — 2004P 5.5 0.3 29.4 9.0 0.2 44.4 — — (s) 0.2 0.5 0.0 — 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 4 Petroleum and natural gas. 5 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 6 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 7 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy. 9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.

10 Electricity-only plants within the NAICS (North American Industry Classificaton System) 22 category

whose primary business is to sell electricity to the public. Data also include a small number of electric utilitycombined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants.

11 Combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS 22 category whose primary business is to

sell electricity and heat to the public. Data do not include elec

under "Electricity-Only Plants."

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. — = Not applicable. (s)=Less thaNotes: • Data are at end of year. • For plants that use mult

to the predominant energy source. • See Table 8.11d electricity-only data. • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity StatPlants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. • See "Gen• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent 

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1989-1997—Energy Information Administratio

Generator Report," and Form EIA-867, "Annual Nonutility PowForm EIA-860A, "Annual Electric Generator Report—Utility,Generator Report—Nonutility." • 2001 forward—EIA, Form EIA-
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 8.11d Electric Net Summer Capacity: Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2004

 (Subset of Table 8.11a; Million Kilowatts)

Year

Fossil Fuels

Nuclear

Electric

Power

Hydro

electric

Pumped

Storage

Renewable Energy

Coal 

1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3

Dual

Fired 4

Other

Gases 5 Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power Wood 6 Waste 7

Geothermal Solar 8 

Commercial Sector 10

1989 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.6 — 1.0 — 0.0 (s) (s) 0.2 — — 1990 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.6 — 1.2 — 0.0 (s) (s) 0.2 — — 1991 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.6 — 1.1 — 0.0 (s) (s) 0.2 — — 1992 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.6 — 1.2 — 0.0 (s) (s) 0.2 — — 1993 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.6 — 1.3 — 0.0 (s) (s) 0.3 — — 1994 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.9 — 1.7 — 0.0 (s) (s) 0.3 — — 1995 0.3 0.2 0.3 1.0 — 1.8 — 0.0 (s) (s) 0.3 — — 1996 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.9 — 1.8 — 0.0 (s) (s) 0.4 — — 1997 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.9 — 1.9 — 0.0 (s) (s) 0.4 — — 1998 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.7 — 1.8 — 0.0 (s) (s) 0.5 — — 1999 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.8 — 1.8 — 0.0 (s) (s) 0.5 — — 2000 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.6 — 1.8 — 0.0 (s) (s) 0.4 — — 2001 0.3 0.3 1.4 0.6 — 2.5 — (s) (s) (s) 0.3 — — 2002 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.7 — 1.8 — (s) (s) (s) 0.4 — — 2003 0.3 0.3 0.5 R0.6 — R1.7 — R0.0 (s) (s) 0.4 — — 2004P 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.6 — 1.7 — 0.0 (s) (s) 0.4 — — 

Industrial Sector 11

1989 4.8 0.7 7.9 1.8 1.2 16.5 — — 0.5 4.1 0.2 — — 1990 4.8 0.9 8.1 2.2 1.3 17.3 — — 0.6 4.3 0.2 — — 1991 4.7 0.8 7.8 2.3 1.4 17.1 — — 0.6 4.8 0.2 — — 1992 4.8 0.8 8.4 2.2 1.4 17.6 — — 0.6 4.8 0.3 — — 1993 4.9 0.8 9.1 1.9 1.2 18.0 — — 0.6 5.0 0.3 — — 1994 5.0 0.9 9.3 1.9 1.4 18.5 — — 1.1 5.0 0.3 — — 1995 5.0 0.8 9.5 1.9 1.4 18.7 — — 1.1 4.9 0.2 — — 1996 5.0 0.8 9.6 1.9 1.6 19.0 — — 1.1 5.1 0.2 — — 1997 4.8 1.0 10.3 1.7 1.3 19.2 — — 1.1 5.1 0.2 — — 1998 4.6 1.0 10.8 1.3 1.5 19.1 — — 1.1 5.0 0.2 — — 1999 4.4 0.8 11.5 1.6 1.7 20.1 — — 1.1 5.0 0.2 — — 2000 4.6 0.8 12.5 1.3 2.0 21.2 — — 1.1 4.4 0.2 — — 2001 4.2 1.0 13.3 0.9 1.3 20.7 — — 1.0 4.2 0.1 — — 2002 4.0 0.6 13.7 1.1 1.8 21.2 — — 1.0 4.3 0.1 — — 2003 R4.1 R0.7 R14.1 R1.3 R1.7 R21.9 — — R0.8 R4.3 0.1 — — 2004P 4.1 0.7 14.0 1.3 1.7 21.8 — — 0.8 4.3 0.1 — — 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 4 Petroleum and natural gas. 5 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels. 6 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 7 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 8 Solar thermal and photovoltaic energy. 9 Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.

10 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants.11 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. — = Not applicable. (s)=Less thaNotes: • Data are at end of year. • For plants that use multi

to the predominant energy source. • See Tables 8.11b and 8.and CHP data. • See Note 1, "Coverage of Electricity StatisPlants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of section. • See "Gen• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent 

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1989-1997—Energy Information Administration 

Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000—EIA, Form Report—Nonutility." • 2001 forward—EIA, Form EIA-860, "Annu
Figure 8.12 Electric Noncoincident Peak Load and Capacity Margin

U.S. Peak Load, 1986-2004 Capacity Margin, 1996-2004U.S. Peak Load by NERC Region, 2004 North American Electric Reliability Council Ma266 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Summer

Notes: • Noncoincident peak load is the sum of two or more peak loads on individual

systems that do not occur at the same time interval. See Glossary for information on NorthAmerican Electric Reliability Council (NERC).

• Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compSource: Table 8.12.

1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004

0

200400600800

GigawattsWinter

88

44 45 45 42

25

48

141

28

102 104

61

43

57 58

29

58

158

40

123

ECAR ERCOT FRCC MAAC MAIN MAPP NPCC SERC SPP WECC

0

50

100150200

Gigawatts

Summer Winter

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 200

0

10203040

Percent

ASCC

Summer

Winter

(U.S.) (U.S.) (U.S.)
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 8.12 Electric Noncoincident Peak Load and Capacity Margin, 1986-2004

 (Megawatts, Except as Noted)

Year

Noncoincident Peak Load 

North American Electric Reliability Council Regions 1

Contiguous

United

States

ASCC

(Alaska) 

ECAR ERCOT FRCC MAAC MAIN 

MAPP

(U.S.)

NPCC

(U.S.) SERC SPP

WECC 2

(U.S.)

Summer

1986 69,606 39,335 — 37,564 35,943 21,029 39,026 105,570 47,123 81,787 476,983 4 ( ) 1987 72,561 39,339 — 40,526 37,446 23,162 42,651 109,798 47,723 82,967 496,173 4 ( ) 1988 79,149 40,843 — 43,110 41,139 24,899 45,245 115,168 49,356 90,551 529,460 4 ( ) 1989 75,442 40,402 — 41,614 39,460 24,336 45,031 117,729 49,439 90,657 524,110 456 1990 79,258 42,737 — 42,613 40,740 24,994 44,116 121,943 52,541 97,389 546,331 463 1991 81,224 41,870 — 45,937 41,598 25,498 46,594 124,716 51,885 92,096 551,418 471 1992 78,550 42,619 — 43,658 38,819 22,638 43,658 128,236 51,324 99,205 548,707 504 1993 80,930 44,255 — 46,494 41,956 24,396 46,706 135,704 57,106 97,809 575,356 511 1994 87,165 44,162 — 46,019 42,562 27,000 47,581 132,584 56,035 102,212 585,320 524 1995 92,619 46,618 — 48,577 45,782 29,192 47,705 146,569 59,595 103,592 620,249 622 1996 90,798 47,480 — 44,302 46,402 28,253 45,094 145,650 60,072 108,739 616,790 5 ( ) 1997 93,492 50,541 35,375 49,464 45,887 29,787 49,269 137,382 36,479 110,001 637,677 5 ( ) 1998 93,784 54,666 38,730 48,445 47,509 30,722 49,566 143,226 37,724 115,921 660,293 5 ( ) 1999 99,239 55,529 37,493 51,645 51,535 31,903 52,855 149,685 38,609 113,629 682,122 5 ( ) 2000 92,033 57,606 37,194 49,477 52,552 28,605 50,057 156,088 40,199 114,602 678,413 5 ( ) 2001 100,235 55,201 39,062 54,015 56,344 28,321 55,949 149,293 40,273 109,119 687,812 5 ( ) 2002 102,996 56,248 40,696 55,569 56,396 29,119 56,012 158,767 39,688 119,074 714,565 5 ( ) 2003 R98,487 R59,996 R40,475 R53,566 R56,988 R28,831 R55,018 R153,110 R40,367 R122,537 R709,375 5 ( ) 2004F 102,423 61,432 42,705 56,886 57,868 29,244 57,535 157,961 40,089 122,870 729,013 5 ( ) 

Winter

1986 64,561 28,730 — 32,807 28,036 18,850 37,976 101,849 33,877 76,171 422,857 4 ( ) 1987 68,118 31,399 — 35,775 30,606 19,335 41,902 105,476 34,472 81,182 448,265 4 ( ) 1988 67,771 34,621 — 36,363 30,631 20,162 42,951 108,649 35,649 82,937 459,734 4 ( ) 1989 73,080 38,388 — 38,161 33,770 21,360 42,588 121,995 42,268 84,768 496,378 626 1990 67,097 35,815 — 36,551 32,461 21,113 40,545 117,448 38,949 94,252 484,231 613 1991 71,181 35,448 — 37,983 33,420 21,432 41,866 119,575 38,759 86,097 485,761 622 1992 72,885 35,055 — 37,915 31,289 21,866 41,125 121,250 39,912 91,686 492,983 635 1993 81,846 35,407 — 41,406 34,966 21,955 42,063 133,635 41,644 88,811 521,733 632 1994 75,638 36,180 — 40,653 33,999 23,033 42,547 132,661 42,505 91,037 518,253 641 1995 83,465 36,965 — 40,790 35,734 23,429 42,755 142,032 44,624 94,890 544,684 676 1996 84,534 38,868 — 40,468 37,162 24,251 41,208 143,060 49,095 95,435 554,081 5 ( ) 1997 75,670 37,966 33,076 37,217 34,973 25,390 41,338 122,649 27,437 94,158 529,874 5 ( ) 1998 84,401 41,876 39,975 36,532 37,410 26,080 44,199 127,416 27,847 101,822 567,558 5 ( ) 1999 86,239 39,164 40,178 40,220 39,081 25,200 45,227 128,563 27,963 99,080 570,915 5 ( ) 2000 84,546 44,641 38,606 43,256 41,943 24,536 43,852 139,146 30,576 97,324 588,426 5 ( ) 2001 85,485 44,015 40,922 39,458 40,529 21,815 42,670 135,182 29,614 96,622 576,312 5 ( ) 2002 87,300 45,414 45,635 46,551 42,412 23,645 46,009 141,882 30,187 95,951 604,986 5 ( ) 2003 R86,332 R42,702 R36,841 R45,625 R41,719 R24,134 R48,079 R137,972 R28,450 R102,020 R593,874 5 ( ) 2004F 87,972 43,556 45,418 45,471 42,409 24,628 47,986 141,176 28,469 104,393 611,478 5 ( ) 

1 See "North American Electric Reliablility Council (NERC)" in Glossary. Data include the U.S. portion

of NERC only. See Figure 8.12 for an illustration of NERC regions.

2 WECC was renamed from WSCC in 2002. 3 The percent by which planned generating capacity resources are expected to be greater (or less) than

estimated net internal demand at the time of expected peak summer (or winter) demand. Net internaldemand does not include estimated demand for direct control load management and customers withinterruptible service agreements. Data are for the contiguous United States only. 4 Data submission for ASCC (Alaska) began in 1989.

5 Data were not filed.

R=Revised. F=Forecast. NA=Not available. — = Not applicaNote: Noncoincident peak load is the sum of two or more pe

occur at the same time interval.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: Energy Information Administration (EIA), Electri

Tables 3.1-3.4; and EIA, Form EIA-411, "Coordinated Bulpredecessor forms. 
Figure 8.13 Electric Utility Demand-Side Management Programs

Actual Peakload Reductions Total, 1989-2003 Actual Peakload Reductions, 2003Energy Savings, 1989-2003 Costs, 1989-2003268 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Nominal dollars. Source: Table 8.13.

12 14

16

17

23

25

30 30

25

27 26

23

25

23 23

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003

0

10203040

Gigawatts

41

9,323

59

13,581

Total: 22,904 Megawatts

Energy Efficiency

13,581

(59%)

Load Management

9,323

(41%)

15

20

25

36

45

52

57

62

56

49 51

54 55 54

50

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003

0

1530456075

Billion Kilowatthours 0.9 1.2 1.8

2.3

2.7 2.7

2.4

1.9

1.6

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 

0

1

2

3

Billion Dollars1
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 8.13 Electric Utility Demand-Side Management Programs, 1989-2003

Year

Actual Peakload Reductions 1

(megawatts)

Energy Savings

(million kilowatthours)

Energy Efficiency 

2 Load Management 3 Total

1989 NA NA 12,463 14,672 1990 NA NA 13,704 20,458 1991 NA NA 15,619 24,848 1992 7,890 9,314 17,204 35,563 1993 10,368 12,701 23,069 45,294 1994 11,662 13,340 25,001 52,483 1995 13,212 16,347 29,561 57,421 1996 14,243 15,650 29,893 61,842 1997 13,326 11,958 25,284 56,406 1998 13,591 13,640 27,231 49,167 1999 13,452 13,003 26,455 50,563 2000 12,873 10,027 22,901 53,701 2001 13,027 11,928 24,955 54,762 2002 13,420 9,516 22,936 54,075 2003 13,581 9,323 22,904 50,265 

1 The actual reduction in peak load reflects the change in demand for electricity that results from a utility

demand-side management (DSM) program that is in effect at the time that the utility experiences its actualpeak load as opposed to the potential installed peakload reduction capacity. Differences between actualand potential peak reduction result from changes in weather, economic activity, and other variableconditions.

2 "Energy Efficiency" refers to programs that are aimed at reducing the energy used by specific end-use

devices and systems, typically without affecting the services provided. These programs reduce overallelectricity consumption, often without explicit consideration for the timing of program-induced savings. Such savings are generally achieved by substituting technically more advanced equipment to produce thesame level of end-use services (e.g., lighting, heating, motor drive) with less electricity. Examples includehigh-efficiency appliances, efficient lighting programs, high-efficiency heating, ventilating, and airconditioning systems or control modifications, efficient building design, advanced electric motor drives, andheat recovery systems.

3 "Load Management" includes programs such as "Direct Load Control," "Interruptible Load Control,"

and, "Other Types" of DSM programs. "Direct Load Control" refers to program activities that can interruptconsumer load at the time of annual peak load by direct control of the utility system operator by interruptingpower supply to individual appliances or equipment on consumer premises. This type of control usuallyinvolves residential consumers. "Interruptible Load Control" refers to program activities that, in accordance

with contractual arrangements, can interrupt consumer load at ti

of the utility system operator or by action of the consumer at thusually involves commercial and industrial consumers. In soaffected by direct action of the system operator (remote tripping) with contractual provisions. "Other Types" are programs that off-peak time periods, such as space heating and water heating 

4 Nominal dollars.

NA=Not available. Note: This table reports on the results of DSM programs o

since 1998 in peakload reductions from DSM programs can be terminating these programs due to industry deregulation. Soprograms to promote DSM. Examples include the "Energy $mYork Energy Research and Development Authority and the "EfPublic Service Board. Data on energy savings attributable to tby the Energy Information Administration.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1989-1991—Energy Information Administration (

Report." • 1992 forward—EIA, Electric Power Annual 2003 (De
Electricity

Note 1. Coverage of Electricity Statistics. Through 1984, data for electric utilities

also include institutions (such as universities) and military facilities that generatedelectricity primarily for their own use; beginning in 1985, data for electric utilitiesexclude institutions and military facilities. Data for independent power producers,commercial plants, and industrial plants include plants with a generator nameplatecapacity of 1 megawatt or greater; they exclude plants with a generator nameplatecapacity less than 1 megawatt. Also excluded from the electricity statistics inSection 8 are data for residential and commercial self-generation from solar energy,except for the small amount sold to the grid and included in data for the electricpower sector.Note 2. Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use Sectors. The EnergyInformation Administration (EIA) classifies power plants (both electricity-only andcombined-heat-and-power plants) into energy-use sectors based on the NorthAmerican Industry Classification System (NAICS), which replaced the StandardIndustrial Classification (SIC) system in 1997. Plants with a NAICS code of 22 areassigned to the Electric Power Sector. Those with NAICS codes beginning with 11(agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting); 21 (mining, including oil and gas

extraction); 23 (construction); 31-33 (manufacdistribution); and 22131 (water supply and irrigation Industrial Sector. Those with all other codes are Sector. Form EIA-860, “Annual Electric Generator indicate the primary purpose of the facility by assigniat: http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/forms/eiaNote 3. Electricity Imports and Exports. Throu

(AER) 2001, EIA estimated the proportions of trad

and hydropower (and applied the fossil-fuel steam-elfrom kilowatthours to Btu) and from geothermal (geothermal energy plants). Beginning with the AER 

data, EIA is applying an overall rate of 3,412 Btu electricity. In addition, electricity net imports derived geothermal energy are no longer included in renewThey continue to be included in total U.S. energy celectricity net imports, with energy sources unspeciThis change between AER 2001 and AER 2002 resu

Btu drop in total renewable energy consumption from 

270 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004
Nuclear Energy

9

Site of Shippingport atomic power station, the first commercial nuclear power plant in the United States (rectangulareactor building and foreground); background, Beaver Valley 1 and 2 nuclear power plants and Bruce Mansfield coafired power plant (southwestern Pennsylvania). Source: U.S. Department of Energy.
Figure 9.1 Nuclear Generating Units

Status of All Ordered Units, 1953-2004 Operable Units,1 1957-2004Operable Units and Cumulative Orders, Permits, Licenses, and Shutdowns, 1953-2004272 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Units holding full-power operating license, or equivalent permission to operate.2 Bellefonte 1 and 2 and Watts Bar 2, where construction has been stopped indefinitely. 3 Includes WNP 1; the licensee intends to request that the construction permit be cancelled.4 Ceased operation permanently.5 Placement of an order by a utility or government agency for a nuclear steam supply system.

6 Issuance by a regulatory authority of a permit, or equivale

construction.

7 Issuance by regulatory authority of full-power operating lic

Note: Data are at end of year.Source: Table 9.1.

Cancelled3

124

Operable1

104

Pending2

3

Shut Down

28

Total Units Ordered: 259

4

Total Units Ordered: 259

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 198

0

306090

120

Number of Units

1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1

0

50

100150200250300

Number of Units

Co

Full-P

Peak: 112 Units in 1990
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 9.1 Nuclear Generating Units, 1953-2004

Year Orders 1

Cancelled

Orders 2

Construction

Permits 3

Low-Power

Operating Licenses 4

Full-Power

Operating Licenses 5 Shutdow

1953 1 0 0 0 0 0 1954 0 0 0 0 0 0 1955 3 0 1 0 0 0 1956 1 0 3 0 0 0 1957 2 0 1 1 1 0 1958 4 0 0 0 0 0 1959 4 0 3 1 1 0 1960 1 0 7 1 1 0 1961 0 0 0 0 0 0 1962 2 0 1 7 6 0 1963 4 0 1 3 2 0 1964 0 0 3 2 3 1 1965 7 0 1 0 0 0 1966 20 0 5 1 2 1 1967 29 0 14 3 3 2 1968 16 0 23 0 0 2 1969 9 0 7 4 4 0 1970 14 0 10 4 3 0 1971 21 0 4 5 2 0 1972 38 7 8 6 6 1 1973 42 0 14 12 15 0 1974 28 9 23 14 15 2 1975 4 13 9 3 2 0 1976 3 1 9 7 7 1 1977 4 10 15 4 4 0 1978 2 13 13 3 4 1 1979 0 6 2 0 0 1 1980 0 15 0 5 2 0 1981 0 9 0 3 4 0 1982 0 18 0 6 4 1 1983 0 6 0 3 3 0 1984 0 6 0 7 6 0 1985 0 2 0 7 9 0 1986 0 2 0 7 5 0 1987 0 0 0 6 8 2 1988 0 3 0 1 2 0 1989 0 0 0 3 4 2 1990 0 1 0 1 2 1 1991 0 0 0 0 0 1 1992 0 0 0 0 0 2 1993 0 0 0 1 1 0 1994 0 1 0 0 0 1 1995 0 2 0 1 0 0 1996 0 0 0 0 1 1 1997 0 0 0 80 80 2 1998 0 0 0 0 0 3 1999 0 0 0 0 0 0 2000 0 0 0 0 0 0 2001 0 0 0 0 0 0 2002 0 0 0 0 0 0 2003 0 0 0 0 0 0 2004 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 259 124 177 132 132 28 

1 Placement of an order by a utility or government agency for a nuclear steam supply system. 2 Cancellation by utilities of ordered units. Includes WNP 1; the licensee intends to request that the

construction permit be cancelled. Does not include three units (Bellefonte 1 and 2 and Watts Bar 2) whereconstruction has been stopped indefinitely. 3 Issuance by regulatory authority of a permit, or equivalent permission, to begin construction. Numbersreflect permits issued in a given year, not extant permits. 4 Issuance by regulatory authority of license, or equivalent permission, to conduct testing but not to operate at full power. 5 Issuance by regulatory authority of full-power operating license, or equivalent permission. Units generally did not begin immediate operation. 6 Ceased operation permanently. 7 Total of nuclear generating units holding full-power licenses, or equivalent permission to operate, atthe end of the year. Although Browns Ferry 1 was shut down in 1985, the unit has remained fully licensedand thus has continued to be counted as operable during the shutdown; in May 2002, the TennesseeValley Authority announced its intention to have the unit resume operation in 2007.

8 Under new regulations beginning in 1997, the term

"Full-Power Operating Licenses" are no longer applicable; while the new regulations, applications were made in 2003 for three "E

— = Not applicable. Note: See Note, "Coverage of Nuclear Energy Statistics," at eWeb Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: Operable Units: • 1953-1982—Compiled from va

Energy (DOE), Office of Nuclear Reactor Programs, "U.S. CUnits: Significant Milestones." • 1983 forward—Energy Inform"Annual Electric Generator Report," and predecessor forms. AEnergy Commission, 1973 Annual Report to Congress, VolumInstitute, Historical Profile of U.S. Nuclear Power Developmen1991 (September 1991); DOE, Nuclear Reactors Built, Being Regulatory Commission (NRC), Information Digest (1997 and 19utility, Federal, and contractor officials. • 1998 forward—NRC, I
Figure 9.2 Nuclear Power Plant Operations

Total Electricity and Nuclear Electricity Net Generation, 1957-2004 Nuclear Share of Electricity Net Generation, 19Net Summer Capacity of Operable Units, 1957-2004 Capacity Factor, 1973-2004274 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared. Sources: Tables 8.1 and 9.2.

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

1

2

345

Trillion Kilowatthours

Total

Nuclear

1960 1970 1980 

05

10152025

Percent

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

306090

120

Million Kilowatts

1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

20406080

100

Percent

100 

in

2004
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 9.2 Nuclear Power Plant Operations, 1957-2004

Year

Nuclear Electricity

Net Generation

Nuclear Share

of Electricity

Net Generation

Net Summer Capacity

of Operable Units 1 

Billion Kilowatthours Percent Million Kilowatts 

1957 (s) (s) 0.1 1958 0.2 (s) 0.1 1959 0.2 (s) 0.1 1960 0.5 0.1 0.4 1961 1.7 0.2 0.4 1962 2.3 0.3 0.7 1963 3.2 0.3 0.8 1964 3.3 0.3 0.8 1965 3.7 0.3 0.8 1966 5.5 0.5 1.7 1967 7.7 0.6 2.7 1968 12.5 0.9 2.7 1969 13.9 1.0 4.4 1970 21.8 1.4 7.0 1971 38.1 2.4 9.0 1972 54.1 3.1 14.5 1973 83.5 4.5 22.7 1974 114.0 6.1 31.9 1975 172.5 9.0 37.3 1976 191.1 9.4 43.8 1977 250.9 11.8 46.3 1978 276.4 12.5 50.8 1979 255.2 11.3 49.7 1980 251.1 11.0 51.8 1981 272.7 11.9 56.0 1982 282.8 12.6 60.0 1983 293.7 12.7 63.0 1984 327.6 13.5 69.7 1985 383.7 15.5 79.4 1986 414.0 16.6 85.2 1987 455.3 17.7 93.6 1988 527.0 19.5 94.7 1989 529.4 17.8 98.2 1990 576.9 19.0 99.6 1991 612.6 19.9 99.6 1992 618.8 20.1 99.0 1993 610.3 19.1 99.0 1994 640.4 19.7 99.1 1995 673.4 20.1 99.5 1996 674.7 19.6 100.8 1997 628.6 18.0 99.7 1998 673.7 18.6 97.1 1999 728.3 19.7 97.4 2000 753.9 19.8 97.9 2001 768.8 20.6 98.2 2002 780.1 20.2 98.7 2003 763.7 R19.7 R99.2 2004P 788.6 19.9 99.6 

1 At end of year. See "Generator Net Summer Capacity" in Glossary. 2 See "Generator Capacity Factor" in Glossary.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05. Note: See Note, "Coverage of Nuclear Energy Statistics," at end of section.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelnuclear.html.Sources: Nuclear Electricity Net Generation and Nuclear Share of Electricity Net Generation: 

Table 8.2a. Net Summer Capacity of Operable Units: Table 

weighted average of monthly values for the year. Monthly fageneration divided by the maximum possible generation for that is the number of hours in the month multiplied by the net summfraction is then multiplied by 100 to obtain a percentage. Monthly Monthly Energy Review (May 2005), Table 8.1. 
Figure 9.3 Uranium Overview

Production and Trade, 1949-2004 Production and Trade, 2004Inventories, End of Year 1981-2004 Average Prices, 1981-2004276 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Purchased

Imports

Purchased

Imports

Domestic

Purchases

1 Nominal dollars.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared.

Source: Table 9.3.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

10203040506070

Million Pounds Uranium Oxide Export Sales Domestic Concentrate Production

2

66

Domestic Purchased Import

0

10203040506070

Million Pounds Uranium Oxide

Concentrate Production

1985 1990 1995 2000

0

50

100150200

Million Pounds Uranium Oxide

Total

1985 1990 19

0

10203040

Dollars1 per Pound Uranium Oxide Electric Plants Domestic Suppliers
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 9.3 Uranium Overview, Selected Years, 1949-2004

Year

Domestic

Concentrate

Production 1

Purchased

Imports 2

Export 2

Sales 

Electric Plant

Purchases

From

Domestic

Suppliers

Loaded Into

U.S. Nuclear

Reactors 3

Inventories 

Domestic

Suppliers

Electric

Plants Total

Million Pounds U3O8 

1949 0.36 4.3 0.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1950 0.92 5.5 0.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1955 5.56 7.6 0.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1960 35.28 36.0 0.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1965 20.88 8.0 0.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1970 25.81 0.0 4.2 NA NA NA NA NA 1971 24.55 0.0 0.4 NA NA NA NA NA 1972 25.80 0.0 0.2 NA NA NA NA NA 1973 26.47 0.0 1.2 NA NA NA NA NA 1974 23.06 0.0 3.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1975 23.20 1.4 1.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1976 25.49 3.6 1.2 NA NA NA NA NA 1977 29.88 5.6 4.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1978 36.97 5.2 6.8 NA NA NA NA NA 1979 37.47 3.0 6.2 NA NA NA NA NA 1980 43.70 3.6 5.8 NA NA NA NA NA 1981 38.47 6.6 4.4 32.6 NA NA NA 159.2 1982 26.87 17.1 6.2 27.1 NA NA NA 174.8 1983 21.16 8.2 3.3 24.2 NA NA NA 191.8 1984 14.88 12.5 2.2 22.5 NA 25.0 160.2 185.2 1985 11.31 11.7 5.3 21.7 NA 23.7 153.2 176.9 1986 13.51 13.5 1.6 18.9 NA 27.0 144.1 171.1 1987 12.99 15.1 1.0 20.8 NA 25.4 137.8 163.2 1988 13.13 15.8 3.3 17.6 NA 19.3 125.5 144.8 1989 13.84 13.1 2.1 18.4 NA 22.2 115.8 138.1 1990 8.89 23.7 2.0 20.5 NA 26.4 102.7 129.1 1991 7.95 16.3 3.5 26.8 34.6 20.7 98.0 118.7 1992 5.65 23.3 2.8 23.4 43.0 25.2 92.1 117.3 1993 3.06 21.0 3.0 15.5 45.1 24.5 81.2 105.7 1994 3.35 36.6 17.7 22.7 40.4 21.5 65.4 86.9 1995 6.04 41.3 9.8 22.3 51.1 13.7 58.7 72.5 1996 6.32 45.4 11.5 23.7 46.2 13.9 66.1 80.0 1997 5.64 43.0 17.0 19.4 48.2 40.4 65.9 106.2 1998 4.71 43.7 15.1 21.6 38.2 70.7 65.8 136.5 1999 4.61 47.6 8.5 21.4 58.8 68.8 58.3 127.1 2000 3.96 44.9 13.6 24.3 51.5 56.5 54.8 111.3 2001 2.64 46.7 11.7 27.5 52.7 48.1 55.6 103.8 2002 E2.34 52.7 15.4 22.7 57.2 48.7 53.5 102.1 2003 E2.00 53.0 13.2 21.7 62.3 R 39.9 R 45.6 R 85.5 2004 2.28 66.1 13.2 28.2 P 50.8 P 38.0 P 56.4 P 94.3 

1 See "Uranium Concentrate" in Glossary. 2 Import quantities through 1970 are reported for fiscal years. Prior to 1968, the Atomic Energy

Commission was the sole purchaser of all imported U3O8. Trade data prior to 1982 were for transactionsconducted by uranium suppliers only. For 1982 forward, transactions by uranium buyers (consumers) havebeen included. Buyer imports and exports prior to 1982 are believed to be small.

3 Does not include any fuel rods removed from reactors and later reloaded. 4 Nominal dollars.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. NA=Not available. — = Not applicable. 

Note: U3O8 is uranium oxide. See "Uranium Oxide" in Glossa

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelnuclea

Sources: • 1949-1966—U.S. Department of Energy, Gra

Uranium Industry, Report No. GJO-100, annual reports. • 1967Uranium Industry Annual, annual reports. • 2003 and 2004—E(March 2005), and "Uranium Marketing Annual Report" (April 200
Nuclear Energy

Note. Coverge of Nuclear Energy Statistics. In 1997, the Energy InformationAdministration undertook a major revision of Table 9.1 to more fully describe thehistory of the U.S. commercial nuclear power industry. The time frame wasextended back to the birth of the industry in 1953, and the data categories wererevised for greater relevance to current industry conditions and trends. To acquirethe data for the revised categories it was necessary to develop a reactor unit database employing different sources than those used previously for Table 9.1 and stillused for Table 9.2. The data in Table 9.1 apply to commercial nuclear power units, which means thatthe units contributed power to the commercial electricity grid. A total of 259 unitsever ordered was identified. Although most orders were placed by electric utilities,several units are or were ordered, owned, and operated wholly or in part by theFederal Government, including BONUS (Boiling Nuclear Superheater Power

Station), Elk River, Experimental Breeder Reactor 2, Hallam, Hanford N, Piqua,

and Shippingport.A reactor is generally defined as operable in Table 9.1 while it possessed a fullpower license from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission or its predecessor theAtomic Energy Commission, or equivalent permission to operate, at the end of theyear. The definition is liberal in that it does not exclude units retaining full-powerlicenses during long, non-routine shutdowns. For example:

y In 1985 the five then-active Tennessee Va

Ferry 1, 2, and 3 and Sequoyah 1 and 2) were forced outage. Browns Ferry 1 remains shut while the other units were idle for several y1988, and 1988, respectively. All five units athe shutdowns. Brown’s Ferry 1 is the only ohas not returned to service. Because it is stcontinues to meet the definition of operable. 

y Shippingport was shut down from 1974 thro

light-water breeder reactor, but is counted as 1982. 

y Calvert Cliffs 2 was shut down in 1989 and 19

izer heater sleeves but is counted as operable d

Exceptions to the rule are Shoreham and Three Mgranted a full-power license in April 1989, but was snever restarted. In 1991, the license was changed to operable at the end of the year, Shoreham is treated shut down in 1990, because counting it as operable awould introduce a statistical discrepancy in the talThree Mile Island 2 in 1979, and although the unit for several years, it is considered permanently shut do

278 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004
Renewable Energy

10

Grand Coulee Dam, Washington State. Source: U.S. Bureau of Reclamation.
Figure 10.1 Renewable Energy Consumption by Major Sources

Renewable Energy as Share of Total Energy, 2004 Renewable Energy Total Consumption and Ma`

Renewable Energy Consumption by Source, 20

280 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other

biomass. 2 Ethanol blended into motor gasoline.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Sources: Tables 1.3 and 10.1.

– Waste1 9%– Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power

45%

Petroleum

40%

Natural Gas

23%

6%

Coal

22%

8%

– Wind 2%– Geothermal 6%

Nuclear Electric

Power

8%

– Alcohol Fuels2 5%

– Solar 1%– Wood 33% 

Renewable

Energy

6%

Wood

1950 1960 1970 1980 

0

2

468

Quadrillion Btu

2.7

2.0

0.6

0.3 

Conventional Wood Waste1 Geo- 

0

1

2

3

Quadrillion Btu

Hydroelectric

Power

thermal 
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 10.1 Renewable Energy Consumption by Source, Selected Years, 1949-2004

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power 1 Wood 2 Waste 3

Alcohol

Fuels 4 Geothermal 5 Solar 6 

1949 1,425 1,549 NA NA NA NA 1950 1,415 1,562 NA NA NA NA 1955 1,360 1,424 NA NA NA NA 1960 1,608 1,320 NA NA 1 NA 1965 2,059 1,335 NA NA 4 NA 1970 2,634 1,429 2 NA 11 NA 1971 2,824 1,430 2 NA 12 NA 1972 2,864 1,501 2 NA 31 NA 1973 2,861 1,527 2 NA 43 NA 1974 3,177 1,538 2 NA 53 NA 1975 3,155 1,497 2 NA 70 NA 1976 2,976 1,711 2 NA 78 NA 1977 2,333 1,837 2 NA 77 NA 1978 2,937 2,036 1 NA 64 NA 1979 2,931 2,150 2 NA 84 NA 1980 2,900 2,483 2 NA 110 NA 1981 2,758 2,495 88 7 123 NA 1982 3,266 2,477 119 19 105 NA 1983 3,527 2,639 157 35 129 NA 1984 3,386 2,629 208 43 165 (s) 1985 2,970 2,576 236 52 198 (s) 1986 3,071 2,518 263 60 219 (s) 1987 2,635 2,465 289 69 229 (s) 1988 2,334 2,552 315 70 217 (s) 1989 2,837 2,637 354 71 317 55 1990 3,046 2,191 408 63 336 60 1991 3,016 2,190 440 73 346 63 1992 2,617 2,290 473 83 349 64 1993 2,892 2,227 479 97 364 66 1994 2,683 2,315 515 109 338 69 1995 3,205 2,420 531 117 294 70 1996 3,590 2,467 577 84 316 71 1997 3,640 2,350 551 106 325 70 1998 3,297 2,175 542 117 328 70 1999 3,268 2,224 540 122 331 69 2000 2,811 2,257 511 139 317 66 2001 R2,242 1,980 514 147 311 65 2002 R2,689 R1,899 R576 174 328 64 2003 R2,825 R1,929 R571 239 R339 R64 2004P 2,725 1,989 560 296 340 63 

1 Hydroelectricity generated by pumped storage is not included in renewable energy. 2 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 3 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 4 Ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 5 Geothermal electricity net generation, heat pump, and direct use energy. 6 Solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity net generation, and solar thermal direct use energy. 7 Wind electricity net generation. R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 

Notes: • See Table E1 for estimated renewable energy co

"Electricity Imports and Exports," at end of Section 8. • Totals independent rounding. Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see ht• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelrenewa

Sources: Tables 10.2a and 10.2b.
Figure 10.2a Renewable Energy Consumption: End-Use Sectors

End-Use Sectors and Electric Power Sector, 2004 Industrial1 Sector, Major Sources, 1989-2004Residential Sector, 1989-2004 Transportation Sector, 1989-2004 Commercial1 Sector, M282 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Includes fuel used at combined-heat-and-power plants and a small number of electricityonly plants. 2 Ethanol blended into motor gasoline.3 Solar thermal direct use energy and photovoltaic electricity generation. Includes small

amounts of commercial sector use.

4 Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy.

Notes: • See related Figure 10.2b on the electric power se

differ, graphs should not be compared. 

Sources: Tables 10.2a and 10.2b.

0.4

0.1

1.7

0.3

3.6

Residential Commercial1 Industrial1 Transportation2 Electric

0

1

2

34

Quadrillion Btu

Wood

Waste

1990 1992 1994 1996 19

0.00.51.01.52.0

Quadrillion Btu

Solar3 and Geothermal4

End-Use Sectors

Wood

1990 1994 1998 2002

0.0

0.2

0.40.60.81.0

Quadrillion Btu

1990 1994 1998 2002

0

50

100150200250300350

Trillion Btu

1990 1994 

0

102030405060

Trillion Btu

Power

Sector

Wood

Waste

Alcohol Fuels2
Figure 10.2b Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector

Electric Power Share of Total Renewable Energy Consumption, 2004 Electric Power Sector Total and HydroelectrNon-Hydroelectric Power Sources, 1989-2004 Non-Hydroelectric Power Sources, 2004

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Notes: • See related Figure 10.2a on the end-use sectors. • Because vertical scales differ,

graphs should not be compared.

Sources: Tables 10.2a and 10.2b.

1950 1960 1970 19

0

1

2

345

Quadrillion Btu

End-Use Total

41%

Electric Power Sector

59%

Geothermal

340

302

168

Waste Geothermal Wood 

0

100200300400

Wood

Trillion Btu

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004

0

100200300400

Trillion Btu

Waste

Wind

Solar
284 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Table 10.2a Estimated Renewable Energy Consumption: End-Use Sectors, Selected Years, 1949

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Residential Commercial 1 Industrial 2 

Wood 

3

Geothermal 4 Solar 5 Total Hydro- power 6 Wood 3 Waste 7 Geo- thermal 4 Total Hydro- power 6 Wood 3 Waste 7 Geo- thermal 4 

1949 1,055 NA NA 1,055 NA 20 NA NA 20 76 468 NA NA 1950 1,006 NA NA 1,006 NA 19 NA NA 19 69 532 NA NA 1955 775 NA NA 775 NA 15 NA NA 15 38 631 NA NA 1960 627 NA NA 627 NA 12 NA NA 12 39 680 NA NA 1965 468 NA NA 468 NA 9 NA NA 9 33 855 NA NA 1970 401 NA NA 401 NA 8 NA NA 8 34 1,019 NA NA 1971 382 NA NA 382 NA 7 NA NA 7 34 1,040 NA NA 1972 380 NA NA 380 NA 7 NA NA 7 34 1,113 NA NA 1973 354 NA NA 354 NA 7 NA NA 7 35 1,165 NA NA 1974 371 NA NA 371 NA 7 NA NA 7 33 1,159 NA NA 1975 425 NA NA 425 NA 8 NA NA 8 32 1,063 NA NA 1976 482 NA NA 482 NA 9 NA NA 9 33 1,220 NA NA 1977 542 NA NA 542 NA 10 NA NA 10 33 1,281 NA NA 1978 622 NA NA 622 NA 12 NA NA 12 32 1,400 NA NA 1979 728 NA NA 728 NA 14 NA NA 14 34 1,405 NA NA 1980 9859 NA NA 859 NA 21 NA NA 21 33 1,600 NA NA 1981 9869 NA NA 869 NA 21 NA NA 21 33 1,602 87 NA 1982 9937 NA NA 937 NA 22 NA NA 22 33 1,516 118 NA 1983 925 NA NA 925 NA 22 NA NA 22 33 1,690 155 NA 1984 9923 NA NA 923 NA 22 NA NA 22 33 1,679 204 NA 1985 899 NA NA 899 NA 24 NA NA 24 33 1,645 230 NA 1986 876 NA NA 876 NA 27 NA NA 27 33 1,610 256 NA 1987 9852 NA NA 852 NA 29 NA NA 29 33 1,576 282 NA 1988 885 NA NA 885 NA 32 NA NA 32 33 1,625 308 NA 1989 918 5 53 976 1 36 22 3 61 28 1,584 200 2 1990 9581 6 56 642 1 39 28 3 71 31 1,442 192 2 1991 613 6 58 677 1 41 26 3 72 30 1,410 185 2 1992 645 6 60 711 1 44 32 3 81 31 1,461 179 2 1993 548 7 62 616 1 46 33 3 84 30 1,483 181 2 1994 537 6 64 607 1 46 35 4 86 62 1,580 199 3 1995 596 7 65 667 1 46 40 5 92 55 1,652 195 3 1996 595 7 65 667 1 50 53 5 110 61 R1,684 224 3 1997 9433 8 65 506 1 49 58 6 113 58 1,731 184 3 1998 387 8 65 459 1 48 54 7 111 55 1,603 180 3 1999 414 9 64 486 1 52 54 7 114 49 1,620 171 4 2000 433 9 61 503 1 53 47 8 109 42 1,636 145 4 2001 9370 9 60 439 1 40 39 8 89 R33 1,443 150 5 2002 313 10 59 382 (s) R39 42 9 R90 39 R1,396 R168 5 2003 359 R17 58 R434 1 R40 R47 R14 R102 R43 R1,363 R170 5 2004P 332 18 57 408 1 41 48 15 106 51 1,448 172 5 

1 Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial

electricity-only plants.

2 Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only

plants.

3 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 4 Geothermal heat pump and direct use energy. 5 Solar thermal direct use energy and photovoltaic electricity generation. Includes a small amount of

commercial sector use.

6 Conventional hydroelectric power.

7 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agric8 Ethanol blended into motor gasoline. 9 The residential wood data do not reflect recent revisions tha

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than Notes: • See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into 

• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent 

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see ht

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelrenewa

Sources: See end of section.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 10.2b Renewable Energy Consumption: Electric Power Sector, Selected Years, 1949-2004

 (Trillion Btu)

Year

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power Wood 1 Waste 2 Geothermal 3 Solar 4 Wind 

1949 1,349 6 NA NA NA N1950 1,346 5 NA NA NA N1955 1,322 3 NA NA NA N1960 1,569 2 NA 1 NA N1965 2,026 3 NA 4 NA N1970 2,600 1 2 11 NA N1971 2,790 1 2 12 NA N1972 2,829 1 2 31 NA N1973 2,827 1 2 43 NA N1974 3,143 1 2 53 NA N1975 3,122 (s) 2 70 NA N1976 2,943 1 2 78 NA N1977 2,301 3 2 77 NA N1978 2,905 2 1 64 NA N1979 2,897 3 2 84 NA N1980 2,867 3 2 110 NA N1981 2,725 3 1 123 NA N1982 3,233 2 1 105 NA N1983 3,494 2 2 129 NA (1984 3,353 5 4 165 (s) (1985 2,937 8 7 198 (s) (1986 3,038 5 7 219 (s) (1987 2,602 8 7 229 (s) (1988 2,302 10 8 217 (s) (19896 2,808 100 132 308 3 21990 3,014 129 188 326 4 21991 2,985 126 229 335 5 31992 2,586 140 262 338 4 31993 2,861 150 265 351 5 31994 2,620 152 282 325 5 31995 3,149 125 296 280 5 31996 3,528 138 300 300 5 31997 3,581 137 309 309 5 31998 3,241 137 308 311 5 31999 3,218 138 315 312 5 42000 2,768 134 318 296 5 52001 R2,209 126 324 289 6 R72002 R2,650 150 365 305 6 102003 R2,781 R167 R354 R303 5 R112004P 2,673 168 340 302 6 14

1 Wood, black liquor, and other wood waste. 2 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass. 3 Geothermal electricity net generation. 4 Solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity net generation. 5 Wind electricity net generation. 6 Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only. Beginning in 1989, data are for electric utilities and

independent power producers.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.5 trillion Btu. 

Notes: • The electric power sector comprises electricity-o

plants within the NAICS (North American Industry Classificabusiness is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the pubExports," at end of Section 8. • Totals may not equal sum of co

Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see ht

• For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelrenewa

Sources: Tables 8.2b, 8.5b, 8.7b, and A6.
Figure 10.3 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Type, Price, and Trade

Total Shipments, 1974-1984 and 1986-2003 Trade, 1978-1984 and 1986-2003 Price of Total ShipmenNumber of U.S. Manufacturers, 1974-1984 and 1986-2003 Average Annual Shipments per Manufacturer, 286 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Nominal dollars.2 Collectors that generally operate in the temperature range of 140 degrees Fahrenheit to

180 degrees Fahrenheit but can also operate at temperatures as low as 110 degreesFahrenheit. 3 Collectors that generally operate at temperatures below 110 degrees Fahrenheit.

Notes: • Data were not collected for 1985. • Special collec

concentrating (focusing) collectors–are included in the mediu• Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compa

Source: Table 10.3.

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

06

12

1824

Million Square Feet

1990 

0369

12

Dollars1 per Square Foot

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

1

2

34

Million Square Feet Imports

Medium-Temperature

Collectors2

Exports

Low-Temperature

Collectors3

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

100200300

Number

1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

200400600800

1,0001,200

Thousand Square Feet Low-Tempera

Collectors
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 10.3 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by Type, Price, and Trade, 1974-2003

 (Thousand Square Feet, Except as Noted)

Year

Low-Temperature Collectors 1 Medium-Temperature Collectors 2 High-Temperature Collectors 3 Total Sh

Number

of U.S.

Manufacturers Quantity Shipped

Shipments

per

Manufacturer

Price 5

(dollars per

square foot)

Number

of U.S.

Manufacturers Quantity Shipped

Shipments

per

Manufacturer

Price 5

(dollars per

square foot)

Quantity

Shipped

Price 5

(dollars per

square foot)

Quantity

Shipped

1974 6 1,137 190 NA 39 137 4 NA NA NA 1,274 1975 13 3,026 233 NA 118 717 6 NA NA NA 3,743 1976 19 3,876 204 NA 203 1,925 10 NA NA NA 5,801 1977 52 4,743 91 NA 297 5,569 19 NA NA NA 10,312 1978 69 5,872 85 NA 204 4,988 25 NA NA NA 10,860 1979 84 8,394 100 NA 257 5,856 23 NA NA NA 14,251 1980 79 12,233 155 NA 250 7,165 29 NA NA NA 19,398 1981 75 8,677 116 NA 263 11,456 44 NA NA NA 21,133 1982 61 7,476 123 NA 248 11,145 45 NA NA NA 18,621 1983 55 4,853 88 NA 179 11,975 67 NA NA NA 16,828 1984 48 4,479 93 NA 206 11,939 58 NA 773 NA 17,191 1985 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1986 22 3,751 171 2.30 87 1,111 13 18.30 4,498 NA 9,360 1987 12 3,157 263 2.18 50 957 19 13.50 3,155 NA 7,269 1988 8 3,326 416 2.24 45 732 16 14.88 4,116 NA 8,174 1989 10 4,283 428 2.60 36 1,989 55 11.74 5,209 17.76 11,482 1990 12 3,645 304 2.90 41 2,527 62 7.68 5,237 15.74 11,409 1991 16 5,585 349 2.90 41 989 24 11.94 1 31.94 6,574 1992 16 6,187 387 2.50 34 897 26 10.96 2 75.66 7,086 1993 13 6,025 464 2.80 33 931 28 11.74 12 22.12 6,968 1994 16 6,823 426 2.54 31 803 26 13.54 2 177.00 7,627 1995 14 6,813 487 2.32 26 840 32 10.48 13 53.26 7,666 1996 14 6,821 487 2.67 19 785 41 14.48 10 18.75 7,616 1997 13 7,524 579 2.60 21 606 29 15.17 7 25.00 8,138 1998 12 7,292 607 2.83 19 443 23 15.17 21 53.21 7,756 1999 13 8,152 627 2.08 20 427 21 19.12 4 286.49 8,583 2000 11 7,948 723 2.09 16 400 25 23.98 5 223.26 8,354 2001 10 10,919 1,092 2.15 17 268 16 32.40 2 107.76 11,189 2002 R13 R11,126 R856 1.97 R17 R535 R31 R W 2 R W 11,663 2003P 12 10,877 906 2.08 17 560 33 W 7 W 11,444 

1 Low-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate at temperatures below

110° F. 2 Medium-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate in the temperaturerange of 140° F to 180° F but can also operate at temperatures as low as 110° F. Special collectors areincluded in this category. Special collectors are evacuated tube collectors or concentrating (focusing)collectors. They operate in the temperature range from just above ambient temperature (low concentrationfor pool heating) to several hundred degrees Fahrenheit (high concentration for air conditioning andspecialized industrial processes).

3 High-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate at temperatures above

180° F. 4 Total shipments as reported by respondents include all domestic and export shipments and mayinclude imports that subsequently were shipped to domestic or to foreign customers. 5 Prices, in nominal dollars, equal shipment value divided by quantity shipped. Value includes charges

for advertising and warranties. Excluded are excise taxes and 

shipments.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. W=Value 

company data. 

Notes: • Manufacturers producing more than one type of c

• No data are available for 1985. • High-temperature colmanufacturer.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1974-1992—Energy Information Administration (E

annual reports, and Form CE-63A, "Annual Solar Thermapredecessor forms. • 1993 forward—EIA, Renewable Energy A"Annual Solar Thermal Collector Manufacturers Survey," and pre
Figure 10.4 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by End Use, Market Sector, and Type, 2003

End Use Market Sector Type of CollectorEnd Use by Type Residential and Commercial Sectors by Type288 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Collectors that generally operate at temperatures below 110 degrees Fahrenheit.2 Collectors that generally operate in the temperature range of 140 degrees Fahrenheit to

180 degrees Fahrenheit but can also operate at temperatures as low as 110 degreesFahrenheit.

(s)=Less than 0.05 million square feet.Source: Table 10.4.

10.8

0.5 0.1

Pool Water All Other

0369

12

Million Square Feet

10.5

0.9

0.1

Residential Commercial All Other

0369

12

Million Square Feet

10

Low-Tem

0369

12

Million Square Feet

Heating Heating

(s)

0.5

10.8

0

Pool Heating Water Heating

0369

12

Million Square Feet Low-Temperature Collectors1 Medium-Temperature Collectors2

0.5

Residential 

0369

12

Million Square Feet Low

Med

10.0
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 10.4 Solar Thermal Collector Shipments by End Use, Market Sector, and Type, 2003

 (Thousand Square Feet)

End Use

Low-Temperature

Collectors 1

Medium-Temperature

Collectors 2

High-Temperature

Collectors 3 

End-Use Total ..................................................... 10,877 560 7 

 Pool Heating ....................................................... 10,778 22 0  Water Heating ..................................................... 0 511 0  Space Heating .................................................... 65 11 0  Space Cooling .................................................... 0 (s) 0  Combined Space and Water Heating ................. 0 16 7  Process Heating ................................................. 34 0 0  Electricity Generation ......................................... 0 0 0  Other 4 ................................................................ 0 0 0 

Market Sector Total ............................................ 10,877 560 7 

 Residential .......................................................... 9,993 513 0  Commercial ........................................................ 813 44 7  Industrial 5 .......................................................... 71 0 0  Electric Utility ...................................................... 0 0 0  Other 6 ................................................................ 0 2 0 

1 Low-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate at temperatures below

110° F. 2 Medium-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate in the temperaturerange of 140° F to 180° F but can also operate at temperatures as low as 110° F. Special collectors areincluded in this category. Special collectors are evacuated tube collectors or concentrating (focusing)collectors. They operate in the temperature range from just above ambient temperature (low concentrationfor pool heating) to several hundred degrees Fahrenheit (high concentration for air conditioning andspecialized industrial processes).

3 High-temperature collectors are solar thermal collectors that generally operate at temperatures above

180° F. These are parabolic dish/trough collectors used primarily by independent power producers togenerate electricity for the electric grid.

4 "Other" includes shipments of solar thermal collectors for 

pumping, water purification, desalinization, distilling, etc. 5 Includes all independent power producers. 6 "Other" includes shipments of solar thermal collectors to otthe military but excluding space applications.

(s)=Less than 0.5 thousand square feet. Notes: • Data represent shipments from U.S. manufacturer

may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSource: Energy Information Administration, Renewable Ene

18.
Figure 10.5 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments, Trade, and Prices

Number of U.S. Companies Reporting Shipments, 1982-2003 Total Shipments, 1982-Trade, 1983-2003 Prices, 1989-2003290 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Nominal dollars.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared.

Source: Table 10.5.

19 18

23

15

17 17

14

17

19

23

21

19

22

24 25

21 21

19

21

19 19 20

1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

05

1015202530

Number

Imports

1985 1

0

255075

100125

Thousand Peak Kilowatts

Modules

1985 1990 1995 2000

0

255075

Thousand Peak Kilowatts

1990 1992 1994 1996 

0

2

468

Dollars1 per Peak Watt Exports Cells
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 10.5 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments by Type, Trade, and Prices, 1982-2003

Year

Number of

U.S. Companies

Reporting Shipments

Shipments Trade 

Crystalline

Silicon

Thin-Film

Silicon Total 2 Imports Exports M

Peak Kilowatts 

1982 19 NA NA 6,897 NA NA 1983 18 NA NA 12,620 NA 1,903 1984 23 NA NA 9,912 NA 2,153 1985 15 5,461 303 5,769 285 1,670 1986 17 5,806 516 6,333 678 3,109 1987 17 5,613 1,230 6,850 921 3,821 1988 14 7,364 1,895 9,676 1,453 5,358 1989 17 10,747 1,628 12,825 826 7,363 1990 319 12,492 1,321 313,837 1,398 7,544 1991 23 14,205 723 14,939 2,059 8,905 1992 21 14,457 1,075 15,583 1,602 9,823 1993 19 20,146 782 20,951 1,767 14,814 1994 22 24,785 1,061 26,077 1,960 17,714 1995 24 29,740 1,266 31,059 1,337 19,871 1996 25 33,996 1,445 35,464 1,864 22,448 1997 21 44,314 1,886 46,354 1,853 33,793 1998 21 47,186 3,318 50,562 1,931 35,493 1999 19 73,461 3,269 76,787 4,784 55,562 2000 21 85,155 2,736 88,221 8,821 68,382 2001 19 84,651 12,541 97,666 10,204 61,356 2002 19 104,123 7,396 112,090 7,297 66,778 2003P 20 97,939 10,966 109,357 9,731 60,693 

1 Prices, in nominal dollars, equal shipment value divided by quantity shipped. Value includes charges

for advertising and warranties. Excluded are excise taxes and the cost of freight or transportation for theshipments.

2 Total shipments include all types of photovoltaic cells and modules (single-crystal silicon, cast silicon,

ribbon silicon, thin-film silicon, and concentrator silicon) and internationally traded cells and modules. Shipments of cells and modules for space and satellite applications are not included.

3 Data were imputed for one nonrespondent who exited the in

P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1982-1992—Energy Information Administration (E

annual reports. • 1993 forward—EIA, Renewable Energy Annua
Figure 10.6 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments by End Use and Market Sector, 2003

By End UseBy Market Sector292 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Units designed for installations that are not grid-interactive.2 Represents such applications as cooking food, desalinization, and distilling.3 Includes all independent power producers.

4 Shipments to foreign governments and for specialty purpo

Source: Table 10.6.

42.5

15.0 14.2 14.1

11.3

6.1

3.0 

Grid-Interactive Remote Electric Communications Transportation Original Water Consumer 

0

1020304050

Thousand Peak Kilowatts

Electric Generation Equipment

Manufacturers

Generation1 Pumping Goods

32.6

28.0

23.4

11.1

8.5

5.5

Commercial Industrial3 Residential Transportation Electric Utility Governmen

07

14

21

2835

Thousand Peak Kilowatts
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 10.6 Photovoltaic Cell and Module Shipments by End Use and Market Sector, 1989-2003

Year

End-Use Market Sector

Communications Consumer Goods

Electric Generation 1

Health

Original

Equipment

Manufacturers 2 Trans- portation Water Pumping Other 3 Resi- dential Com- mercial Gov- ernment Indus- trial 4 Tran

porta

GridInteractive Remote 

Amount Shipped

(peak kilowatts)

1989 2,590 2,788 1,251 2,620 5 1,595 1,196 711 69 1,439 3,850 1,077 3,993 1,11990 4,340 2,484 469 3,097 5 1,119 1,069 1,014 240 1,701 6,086 1,002 2,817 91991 3,538 3,312 856 3,594 61 1,315 1,523 729 13 3,624 3,345 815 3,947 1,51992 3,717 2,566 1,227 4,238 67 828 1,602 809 530 4,154 2,386 1,063 4,279 1,61993 3,846 946 1,096 5,761 674 2,023 4,238 2,294 74 5,237 4,115 1,325 5,352 2,51994 5,570 3,239 2,296 9,253 79 1,849 2,128 1,410 254 6,632 5,429 2,114 6,855 2,11995 5,154 1,025 4,585 8,233 776 3,188 4,203 2,727 1,170 6,272 8,100 2,000 7,198 2,31996 6,041 1,063 4,844 10,884 977 2,410 5,196 3,261 789 8,475 5,176 3,126 8,300 3,91997 7,383 347 8,273 8,630 1,303 5,245 6,705 3,783 4,684 10,993 8,111 3,909 11,748 3,51998 8,280 1,198 14,193 8,634 1,061 5,044 6,356 4,306 1,491 15,936 8,460 2,808 13,232 3,41999 12,147 2,292 24,782 10,829 1,466 12,400 8,486 4,063 322 19,817 17,283 3,107 24,972 4,32000 12,269 2,870 21,713 14,997 2,742 12,153 12,804 5,644 3,028 24,814 13,692 4,417 28,808 5,52001 14,743 4,059 27,226 21,447 3,203 6,268 12,636 7,444 641 33,262 15,710 5,728 28,063 8,42002 17,290 3,400 33,983 21,693 4,202 7,869 16,028 7,532 93 29,315 20,578 8,565 32,218 12,92003P 14,185 2,995 42,485 15,025 2,924 11,334 14,143 6,073 194 23,389 32,604 5,538 27,951 11,0

Percent of Total

1989 20.2 21.7 9.8 20.4 (s) 12.4 9.3 5.5 0.5 11.2 30.0 8.4 31.1 81990 31.4 18.0 3.4 22.4 (s) 8.1 7.7 7.3 1.7 12.3 44.0 7.2 20.4 71991 23.7 22.2 5.7 24.1 0.4 8.8 10.2 4.9 0.1 24.3 22.4 5.5 26.4 101992 23.9 16.5 7.9 27.2 0.4 5.3 10.3 5.2 3.4 26.7 15.3 6.8 27.5 101993 18.4 4.5 5.2 27.5 3.2 9.7 20.2 10.9 0.4 25.0 19.6 6.3 25.5 121994 21.4 12.4 8.8 35.5 0.3 7.1 8.2 5.4 1.0 25.4 20.8 8.1 26.3 81995 16.6 3.3 14.8 26.5 2.5 10.3 13.5 8.8 3.8 20.2 26.1 6.4 23.2 71996 17.0 3.0 13.7 30.7 2.8 6.8 14.7 9.2 2.2 23.9 14.6 8.8 23.4 111997 15.9 0.7 17.8 18.6 2.8 11.3 14.5 8.2 10.1 23.7 17.5 8.4 25.3 71998 16.4 2.4 28.1 17.1 2.1 10.0 12.6 8.5 2.9 31.5 16.7 5.6 26.2 61999 15.8 3.0 32.3 14.1 1.9 16.1 11.1 5.3 0.4 25.8 22.5 4.0 32.5 52000 13.9 3.3 24.6 17.0 3.1 13.8 14.5 6.4 3.4 28.1 15.5 5.0 32.7 62001 15.1 4.2 27.9 22.0 3.3 6.4 12.9 7.6 0.7 34.1 16.1 5.9 28.7 82002 15.4 3.0 30.3 19.4 3.7 7.0 14.3 6.7 0.1 26.2 18.4 7.6 28.7 112003P 13.0 2.7 38.8 13.7 2.7 10.4 12.9 5.6 0.2 21.4 29.8 5.1 25.6 10

1 Grid-interactive means connection to the electrical distribution system; remote means electricity, for

general use, that does not interact with the electrical distribution system, such as at an isolated residentialsite or mobile home. The other end uses in this table also include electricity generation but only for thespecific use cited. 

2 "Original Equipment Manufacturers" are non-photovoltaic manufacturers that combine photovoltaic

technology into existing or newly developed product lines. 3 Represents such applications as cooking food, desalinization, and distilling.

4 Includes all independent power producers. 5 Shipments for specialty purposes such as research.

P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.05 percent. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepeWeb Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1989-1992—Energy Information Administration (E

annual reports. • 1993 forward—EIA, Renewable Energy Annua
Figure 10.7 Estimated Number of Alternative-Fueled Vehicles in Use and Alternative Fuel Co

Vehicles in Use, 1995-2004 Vehicles in Use by Fuel Type, 2004Fuel Consumption, 1995-2004 Fuel Consumption by Type, 2004294 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Liquefied petroleum gases.2 Ethanol, 85 percent.3 Compressed natural gas.4 Methanol, 85 percent.

5 Liquefied natural gas.

(s)=Less than 0.5 million gasoline-equivalent gallons.Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Source: Table 10.7.

247 265 280 295

322

395

425

471

511

548

1995 1997 1999 2001 2003

0

100200300400500600

Thousand Vehicles

194

146 144

56

LPG1 Ethanol 2 CNG 3 Electri

0

50

100150200250

Thousand Vehicles

278

297

315 326 305 325

352

382

417

451

1995 1997 1999 2001 2003

0

100200300400500

Million Gasoline-Equivalent Gallons 243 163 23

11 

LPG1 CNG 3 Ethanol 2 Electri

0

100200300

Million Gasoline-Equivalent Gallons
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 10.7 Estimated Number of Alternative-Fueled Vehicles in Use and Replacement Fuel Cons

Year

Replacement Fuels 1

Alternative Fuels 2 Oxygenates 3

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases

Compressed

Natural

Gas

Liquefied

Natural

Gas

Methanol,

85 Percent 4

Methanol,

Neat 5

Ethanol,

85 Percent 4

Ethanol,

95 Percent 4 Electricity 6 Total

Methyl

Tertiary

Butyl Ether 7

Ethanol

in Gasohol 8 

Number of Alternative-Fueled Vehicles 10 in Use

1992 NA 23,191 90 4,850 404 172 38 1,607 NA NA NA 1993 NA 32,714 299 10,263 414 441 27 1,690 NA NA NA 1994 NA 41,227 484 15,484 415 605 33 2,224 NA NA NA 1995 172,806 50,218 603 18,319 386 1,527 136 2,860 246,855 NA NA 1996 175,585 60,144 663 20,265 172 4,536 361 3,280 265,006 NA NA 1997 175,679 68,571 813 21,040 172 9,130 347 4,453 280,205 NA NA 1998 177,183 78,782 1,172 19,648 200 12,788 14 5,243 295,030 NA NA 1999 178,610 91,267 1,681 18,964 198 24,604 14 6,964 322,302 NA NA 2000 181,994 100,750 2,090 10,426 0 87,570 4 11,830 394,664 NA NA 2001 185,053 111,851 2,576 7,827 0 100,303 0 17,847 425,457 NA NA 2002 187,680 120,839 2,708 5,873 0 120,951 0 33,047 471,098 NA NA 2003P 190,438 132,988 3,030 4,917 0 133,776 0 45,656 510,805 NA NA 2004F 194,389 143,742 3,134 4,592 0 146,195 0 55,852 547,904 NA NA 

Fuel Consumption 11

(Thousand Gasoline-Equivalent Gallons)

1992 NA R17,159 R598 R1,121 R2,672 R22 R87 359 NA R1,175,964 R719,408 1993 NA R22,035 R1,944 R1,671 R3,321 R49 R82 288 NA R2,070,897 R779,958 1994 NA R24,643 R2,398 R2,455 R3,347 R82 R144 430 NA R2,020,455 R868,113 1995 R233,178 R35,865 R2,821 R2,122 R2,255 R195 R1,021 663 R278,121 R2,693,407 R934,615 1996 R239,648 R47,861 R3,320 R1,862 R364 R712 R2,770 773 R297,310 R2,751,955 R677,537 1997 R238,845 R66,495 R3,798 R1,630 R364 R1,314 R1,166 1,010 R314,621 R3,106,745 R852,514 1998 R241,881 R73,859 R5,463 R1,271 R471 R1,772 R61 1,202 R325,980 R2,905,781 R912,858 1999 R210,247 R81,211 R5,959 R1,126 R469 R4,019 R64 1,524 R304,618 R3,405,390 R975,255 2000 R213,012 R88,478 R7,423 R614 0 R12,388 13 3,058 R324,986 R3,298,803 R1,114,313 2001 R216,319 R106,584 R9,122 R461 0 R15,007 0 4,066 R351,558 R3,354,949 R1,173,323 2002 R223,600 R123,081 R9,593 R354 0 R18,250 0 7,274 R382,152 R3,122,859 R1,450,721 2003P R230,958 R144,558 R10,751 R287 0 R20,620 0 9,633 R416,807 R2,371,742 R1,903,956 2004F 242,865 162,650 11,113 270 0 22,993 0 11,386 451,277 1,816,346 2,333,728 

1 See "Replacement Fuel" in Glossary. 2 See "Alternative Fuel" in Glossary. 3 See "Oxygenates" in Glossary. 4 Remaining portion is motor gasoline. Consumption data include the motor gasoline portion of the fuel. 5 One hundred percent methanol. 6 Excludes gasoline-electric hybrids. 7 In addition to methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), includes a very small amount of other ethers,

primarily tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME) and ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE).

8 Data do not include the motor gasoline portion of the fuel. 9 "Biodiesel" is any liquid biofuel suitable as a diesel fuel substitute or diesel fuel additive or extender. 

See "Biodiesel" in Glossary.

10 See "Alternative-Fueled Vehicle" in Glossary.11 Fuel consumption quantities are expressed in a common base unit of gasoline-equivalent gallons to

allow comparisons of different fuel types. Gasoline-equivalent gallons do not represent gasolinedisplacement. In Annual Energy Review 2003, Table 10.7, gasoline equivalent was computed by dividingthe lower heating value of the replacement fuel by the lower heating value of gasoline and multiplying theresult by the replacement fuel consumption value ("lower heating value" refers to the Btu content per unit of

fuel excluding the heat produced by condensation of water vapo

equivalent is computed by dividing the higher heating value of value of gasoline and multiplying the result by the replacemenvalue" refers to the Btu content per unit of fuel including the heain the fuel).

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. F=Forecast. NA=Not available. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepeWeb Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1992-1994—Science Applications Internationa

Fuels and Vehicles Data Development," unpublished final reAdministration (EIA), (McLean, VA, July 1996), and U.S. Departand Renewable Energy. Data were revised by using higher forward—EIA, "Alternatives to Traditional Transportation Fuels Tables 1 and 10. Data were revised by using higher instead of and lower heating values, see EIA, Alternatives to Traditional 1994), Table 22.
Renewable Energy

Table 10.2a Sources: Wood, Residential: • 1949-1979—Energy InformationAdministration (EIA), Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy Consumption from 1949 to1981, Table A2. • 1980-1983—EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy Consumption

1980-1983, Table ES1. • 1984—EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption

1990, Table 1. • 1985 and 1986—Values interpolated. • 1987—EIA, Estimates ofBiofuels Consumption in the United States During 1987, Table 2. • 1988—Valueinterpolated. • 1989 forward—EIA, Renewable Energy Trends 2004, (August

2005), Table 5. Wood, Commercial: • 1949-1979—EIA, Estimates of U.S. WoodEnergy Consumption from 1949 to 1981, Table A2. • 1980-1983—EIA, Estimatesof U.S. Wood Energy Consumption 1980-1983, Table ES1. • 1984—EIA, CNEAFestimate. • 1985–1988—Values interpolated. • 1989 forward—EIA, RenewableEnergy Trends 2004, (August 2005), Table 5. Wood, Industrial: •

1949-1979—EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy Consumption from 1949 to 1981,

Table A2. • 1980-1983—EIA, Estimates of U.S. Wood Energy Consumption 1980-1983, Table ES1. • 1984—EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990,

Table 1. • 1985 and 1986—Values interpolated. • 1987—EIA, Estimates of BiofuelsConsumption in the United States During 1987, Table 2. • 1988—Value interpolated. • 1989 forward—EIA, Renewable Energy Trends 2004, (August 2005),

Table 5. Waste, Commercial: Table 8.3b. Waste, Industrial: • 1981—EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 1990, Table 8, total waste consumption minus

electric power sector waste consumption (see Table 10.2b). • 1982 and 1983—EIA,

CNEAF, estimates for total waste consumption minuconsumption (see Table 10.2b). • 1984—EIA, Estim

tion 1990, Table 8, total waste consumption minuconsumption (see Table 10.2b). • 1985 and 11987—EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumptio

consumption minus electric power sector waste con1988—Value interpolated. • 1989 forward — EIA, R(August 2005), Table 5. Alcohol Fuels: • 1981— EConsumption 1990, Table 10. • 1982 and 19831984—EIA, Estimates of U.S. Biofuels Consumption 

1986—Values interpolated. • 1987—EIA, Estimates 1990, Table 10. • 1988—Value interpolated. • 1989—Consumption 1990, Table 10. • 1990—EIA, EstimConsumption 1992, Table D1. • 1991—Value interpoof U.S. Biomass Energy Consumption 1992, Table Petroleum Supply Monthly (PSM), Tables 2 and 2

(AER) Table A1. Ten percent of the “Field Product

Motor Gasoline” from PSM Table 2 is added to 

Ethanol” from PSM Table 28. The sum is multipli

3.539 million Btu per barrel as shown in the AER Ta

8.1, 8.2c, and A6. Geothermal: EIA, Renewable 

2005), Table 5. Solar: EIA, Renewable Energy Tren

5. 

296 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004
International Energy

Drilling rig, Gansu Province, People’s Republic of China. Source: U.S. Department of Energy.

11
Figure 11.1 World Primary Energy Production by Source

Total and Crude Oil and NGPL1, 1970-2003 By Source, 2003By Source, 1970-2003298 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

and NGPL1 Gas elect

Pow

1 Natural gas plant liquids.2 Net electricity generation from wood, waste, solar, and wind. Data for the United States

also include other renewable energy.

Notes: • Crude oil includes lease condensate. • Because v

should not be compared.

Source: Table 11.1.

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

90

180270360450

Quadrillion Btu

Total

Crude Oil and NGPL1

159

100 99

27 

Crude Oil Coal Natural Hydr

0

255075

100125150175

Quadrillion Btu

Crude Oil and NGPL1

Natural Gas

Coal

Nuclear Electric Power

Hydroelectric Power, Geothermal, and Ot

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

4590

135180

Quadrillion Btu
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 11.1 World Primary Energy Production by Source, 1970-2003

 (Quadrillion Btu)

Year Coal

Natural

Gas 1 Crude Oil 2

Natural Gas

Plant Liquids

Nuclear Electric

Power 3

Hydroelectric

Power 3

Geo

an

1970 62.96 37.09 97.09 3.61 0.90 12.15 1971 61.72 39.80 102.70 3.85 1.23 12.74 1972 63.65 42.08 108.52 4.09 1.66 13.31 1973 63.87 44.44 117.88 4.23 2.15 13.52 1974 63.79 45.35 117.82 4.22 2.86 14.84 1975 66.20 45.67 113.08 4.12 3.85 15.03 1976 67.32 47.62 122.92 4.24 4.52 15.08 1977 68.46 48.85 127.75 4.40 5.41 15.56 1978 69.56 50.26 128.51 4.55 6.42 16.80 1979 73.83 53.93 133.87 4.87 6.69 17.69 1980 R71.24 54.73 128.12 5.10 7.58 R17.90 1981 R71.63 55.56 120.16 5.36 8.53 R18.26 1982 R74.25 55.49 114.51 5.34 9.51 R18.71 1983 R74.25 56.12 113.97 5.34 10.72 R19.69 1984 R78.38 61.78 116.86 5.71 12.99 R20.18 1985 R82.20 64.22 115.40 5.82 15.30 R20.41 1986 R84.28 65.32 120.24 6.12 16.25 R20.88 1987 R86.08 68.48 121.16 6.32 17.64 R20.89 1988 R87.94 71.80 125.93 6.63 19.23 R21.50 1989 R89.43 74.24 127.98 6.67 19.74 R21.55 1990 R90.93 75.87 129.50 6.85 R20.36 R22.38 1991 R86.29 76.69 128.77 7.13 R21.18 R22.87 1992 R85.94 76.90 129.13 7.38 R21.28 R22.76 1993 R84.18 78.41 128.86 7.68 R22.01 R23.98 1994 R86.27 79.18 130.46 R8.25 R22.41 R24.19 1995 R88.88 80.24 133.32 R8.57 R23.26 R25.38 1996 R88.92 83.94 136.64 R8.76 R24.11 R25.84 1997 R92.17 R84.23 140.52 R8.95 R23.88 R26.12 1998 R90.88 R85.94 143.15 R9.19 R24.32 R26.13 1999 R90.42 R87.89 140.79 R9.45 R25.10 R26.62 2000 R91.30 R91.39 146.50 R9.88 R25.68 R27.05 2001 R97.02 R93.73 R145.10 R10.51 R26.41 R26.45 2002 R96.85 R95.47 R142.73 R10.78 R26.71 R26.64 2003P 99.69 98.70 147.82 11.35 26.52 27.18 

1 Dry production. 2 Includes lease condensate. 3 Net generation, i.e., gross generation less plant use. 4 Includes net electricity generation from wood, waste, solar, and wind. Data for the United States also

include other renewable energy. 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. 

Notes: • See Note 1, "World Primary Energy Production," a

sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1970-1979—Energy Information Administrati

• 1980 forward—EIA, "International Energy Annual 2003" (May-
Figure 11.2 World Primary Energy Production by Region and Country

World and Top Producing Countries, 1994-2003 World Areas, 1994-2003Top Producing Countries, 2003300 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared. Source: Table 11.2.

Africa

Asia and Oc

Middle East

North, Central, and S

Eastern Europe and

Former U.S.S.R.

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

0

50

100150200250300350400450

Quadrillion Btu

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 

0

255075

100125150

Quadrillion Btu

Russia

World

China

United States

States

Arabia Kingdom

70.0

49.2

44.1

23.2

18.4

11.3 10.6 10.4 10.3 10.2 10

United Russia China Saudi Canada Iran United Norway Australia Mexico Ind

0

1020304050607080

Quadrillion Btu
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 11.2 World Primary Energy Production by Region, 1994-2003

 (Quadrillion Btu)

Region and Country 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 200

North, Central, and South America .......... R114.95 R117.19 R120.98 R123.11 R124.36 R122.97 R124.80 R125

 Brazil ........................................................... R4.30 R4.51 R4.87 R5.10 R5.52 R5.93 R6.42 R6 Canada ....................................................... 16.34 R16.83 R17.22 17.47 17.43 17.67 R18.12 R18 Mexico ........................................................ 8.10 8.03 8.74 R9.06 R9.31 9.06 R9.36 R9 United States .............................................. R70.71 R71.18 R72.50 R72.43 R72.83 R71.71 R71.27 R71 Venezuela ................................................... 7.70 8.08 8.62 9.48 9.45 8.54 9.37 R9 Other ........................................................... 7.80 R8.56 R9.02 9.56 9.83 10.05 10.26 R10

Western Europe .......................................... R40.53 R41.68 R44.09 R44.14 R43.85 R44.22 R44.28 R44

 France ........................................................ R4.88 R4.98 5.04 R4.94 4.79 R4.93 5.04 R5 Germany ..................................................... 5.71 R5.59 5.49 R5.57 R5.26 R5.31 R5.32 R5 Netherlands ................................................ 2.91 2.91 3.25 2.89 2.78 2.57 2.48 2 Norway ....................................................... 7.64 8.35 9.28 9.59 9.35 9.53 10.21 10 United Kingdom .......................................... R10.21 R10.78 R11.56 R11.33 R11.53 R11.89 R11.09 R11 Other ........................................................... 9.18 R9.08 R9.47 9.82 R10.15 R9.99 R10.13 R10

Eastern Europe and Former U.S.S.R. ....... R60.86 R59.61 R59.66 R58.12 R57.66 R60.01 R62.18 R64

 Kazakhstan ................................................. 2.57 R2.29 R2.38 2.44 R2.40 R2.58 R3.24 R3 Poland ........................................................ R3.73 3.60 R3.83 R3.84 R3.36 R3.51 R3.06 R3 Russia ......................................................... R42.32 R41.44 41.35 R40.38 R40.76 R42.41 R43.37 R44 Ukraine ....................................................... 3.50 3.62 R3.04 R3.01 R3.04 R3.09 R3.08 R3 Other ........................................................... R8.74 R8.66 R9.06 R8.45 R8.11 R8.42 R9.44 R9

Middle East .................................................. R47.33 R48.38 R49.48 R51.77 R54.93 R53.85 R57.54 R56

 Iran ............................................................. 9.16 9.35 9.65 9.84 9.89 10.00 10.40 10 Iraq ............................................................. 1.33 1.35 1.39 2.60 4.71 5.47 5.62 5 Kuwait ......................................................... 4.73 4.81 4.94 4.85 5.02 4.60 5.04 4 Saudi Arabia ............................................... R20.39 R20.66 R20.82 R21.24 R21.42 R20.18 R21.59 R20 United Arab Emirates ................................. 5.84 6.14 6.34 6.50 6.61 6.25 6.77 6 Other ........................................................... 5.88 R6.07 R6.35 R6.74 R7.29 R7.35 R8.13 R7

Africa ........................................................... 22.94 R24.15 24.72 26.16 R26.34 26.63 R27.84 R28

 Algeria ........................................................ 4.79 5.13 5.28 5.63 5.75 6.03 6.29 6 Libya ........................................................... 3.21 3.23 3.28 3.39 3.26 3.07 3.30 3 Nigeria ........................................................ 4.37 4.53 4.57 4.85 4.90 4.89 5.18 R5 South Africa ................................................ 4.60 4.84 R4.86 5.44 5.52 5.43 R5.58 R5 Other ........................................................... 5.98 R6.43 6.74 R6.85 R6.90 R7.20 7.50 R7

Asia and Oceania ........................................ R68.67 R73.37 R74.17 R77.50 R77.39 R77.76 R80.56 R85

 Australia ...................................................... 6.91 7.42 7.57 8.31 8.66 8.87 9.69 R10 China .......................................................... 34.06 35.46 36.01 R37.59 36.33 35.38 36.67 R39 India ............................................................ 8.00 9.48 8.75 9.17 9.37 9.58 R9.83 R10 Indonesia .................................................... 6.66 R6.97 R7.42 R7.42 R7.56 R8.02 R7.87 R8 Japan .......................................................... 3.79 4.18 4.28 4.53 R4.64 R4.44 R4.49 R4 Malaysia ..................................................... 2.41 2.59 2.84 3.01 3.14 3.16 3.20 3 Other ........................................................... R6.84 R7.25 R7.30 R7.48 R7.69 R8.31 R8.82 R9

World .......................................................... R355.29 R364.39 R373.10 R380.80 R384.54 R385.44 R397.20 R404

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • See Note 1, "World Primary Energy Production," at end of section. • World primary energy

production includes production of crude oil (including lease condensate), natural gas plant liquids, drynatural gas, and coal; and net electricity generation from nuclear electric power, hydroelectric power, wood,waste, geothermal, solar, and wind. Data for the United States also include other renewable energy.

• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent 

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: United States: Table 1.2. All Other Data: Energ

Energy Annual 2003" (May-July 2005), Table F1.
Figure 11.3 World Primary Energy Consumption

World and Top Consuming Countries, 1994-2003 U.S. Share of World, 2003Regional Consumption Shares, 2003 Production and Consumption by Region, 2003302 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared. Sources: Tables 11.2, 11.3, and D1.

Production

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

0

150300450

Quadrillion Btu

4.6

16.8

Population Energy 

05

1015202530

Percent

Russia

World

China

United States

Oceania

North, Central,

33%

Western

17%

13%

Middle East

5% Africa

3%

Asia and 

29%

140

74

54

124

44

70

58

North, Central, Western E. Europe Midd

0

50

100150

Quadrillion Btu

Production Cons

and South

America

Eas

Europe

and South

America

E. Europe

and Former U.S.S.R.

Europe and Former

U.S.S.R.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 11.3 World Primary Energy Consumption by Region, 1994-2003

 (Quadrillion Btu)

Region and Country 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 200

North, Central, and South America .......... R123.76 R126.42 R130.86 R132.55 R133.62 R135.91 R139.18 R136

 Argentina .................................................... 2.24 2.31 2.39 2.46 2.57 2.60 R2.66 R2 Brazil ........................................................... R6.65 R7.05 R7.48 R7.88 R8.14 R8.29 R8.58 R8 Canada ....................................................... 12.11 R12.13 R12.55 R12.64 R12.32 R12.74 R13.00 R12 Mexico ........................................................ R5.51 R5.43 R5.52 R5.68 R5.96 R6.04 R6.32 R6 United States .............................................. R89.28 R91.25 R94.26 R94.77 R95.19 R96.84 R98.96 R96 Venezuela ................................................... R2.43 2.47 R2.57 R2.66 2.85 2.73 2.77 R3 Other ........................................................... 5.53 R5.79 R6.09 6.47 R6.59 R6.68 R6.89 R7

Western Europe .......................................... R64.72 R66.27 R68.41 R68.89 70.18 R70.33 R71.59 R72

 Belgium ....................................................... 2.29 2.33 R2.53 2.60 R2.65 2.60 2.69 2 France ........................................................ R9.79 R10.09 R10.44 R10.38 R10.60 R10.73 R10.87 R11 Germany ..................................................... R14.01 R14.31 R14.40 R14.31 14.33 R14.11 R14.26 R14 Italy ............................................................. R6.77 7.08 R7.11 7.22 R7.42 R7.56 R7.63 7 Netherlands ................................................ R3.51 3.58 3.73 3.71 3.70 3.69 R3.81 3 Spain .......................................................... R4.18 R4.31 R4.42 R4.69 R4.93 R5.16 R5.53 R5 Sweden ....................................................... 2.19 R2.24 R2.21 2.25 2.32 R2.28 R2.23 R2 Turkey ......................................................... 2.23 2.49 R2.75 2.93 2.99 R2.91 3.16 R2 United Kingdom .......................................... R9.53 R9.45 R10.05 R9.73 R9.73 R9.76 R9.68 R9 Other ........................................................... R10.21 R10.40 R10.79 R11.07 R11.49 R11.54 R11.73 R11

Eastern Europe and Former U.S.S.R. ....... R54.29 R52.74 R52.09 R49.65 R48.92 R49.97 R50.75 R51

 Poland ........................................................ R3.83 3.72 R4.15 R4.09 R3.86 R3.99 R3.63 R3 Russia ......................................................... R29.23 R27.94 R27.36 R25.77 R25.96 R27.01 R27.46 R27 Ukraine ....................................................... 7.31 7.23 R6.33 R6.05 R5.89 R5.94 R5.96 R5 Uzbekistan .................................................. 1.75 1.87 1.89 R1.87 R1.84 1.87 R1.94 R2 Other ........................................................... R12.18 R11.99 R12.36 R11.85 R11.36 R11.16 R11.76 R12

Middle East .................................................. R13.67 R13.89 R14.64 R15.68 R16.39 R16.79 R17.35 R18

 Iran ............................................................. R3.68 3.82 R3.95 R4.43 R4.57 R4.82 R5.00 R5 Saudi Arabia ............................................... R3.89 R3.82 R4.10 R4.36 R4.54 R4.59 R4.84 R5 Other ........................................................... R6.10 6.26 R6.59 R6.89 7.28 R7.37 R7.50 R7

Africa ........................................................... R10.39 R10.64 R10.93 11.40 R11.29 11.60 12.03 R12

 Egypt .......................................................... 1.55 1.58 1.73 1.79 1.85 1.89 R2.00 2 South Africa ................................................ 4.08 4.11 4.16 4.55 R4.35 4.49 R4.61 R4 Other ........................................................... R4.75 R4.95 R5.04 R5.05 R5.10 5.22 5.42 R5

Asia and Oceania ........................................ R90.68 R95.64 R98.15 R102.58 R101.50 R104.40 R108.85 R112

 Australia ...................................................... 3.92 4.05 4.22 4.56 R4.60 4.82 R4.87 R5 China .......................................................... R34.02 R35.15 R35.94 R37.60 R37.05 R36.97 R38.83 R40 India ............................................................ 9.97 11.49 R11.14 11.76 12.17 12.74 R13.50 R13 Indonesia .................................................... 3.11 R3.26 R3.52 R3.65 R3.56 R3.92 R4.10 R4 Japan .......................................................... R20.26 R20.77 R21.32 R22.00 R21.52 R21.86 R22.32 R22 Malaysia ..................................................... 1.43 1.47 1.64 1.67 R1.69 1.74 1.87 R2 South Korea ................................................ R5.92 R6.52 R6.81 R7.40 R6.81 R7.47 R7.87 R8 Taiwan ........................................................ 2.61 2.86 3.06 3.20 3.39 3.54 3.77 3 Thailand ...................................................... 1.87 2.24 2.44 R2.59 2.43 R2.50 R2.58 R2 Other ........................................................... R7.57 R7.84 R8.05 R8.16 R8.29 R8.84 R9.15 R9

World .......................................................... R357.50 R365.61 R375.08 R380.73 R381.89 R389.01 R399.75 R403

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • World primary energy consumption includes consumption of petroleum products (including

natural gas plant liquids, and crude oil burned as fuel), dry natural gas, and coal (including net imports ofcoal coke); and the consumption of net electricity generated from nuclear electric power, hydroelectricpower, wood, waste, geothermal, solar, and wind. It also includes, for the United States, the consumption

of renewable energy by the end-use sectors. • Totals ma

independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: United States: Table 1.3. All Other Data: Energ

Energy Annual 2003" (May-July 2005), Table 1.8.
Figure 11.4 World Crude Oil and Natural Gas Reserves, January 1, 2004

Crude Oil Reserves: Oil and Gas Journal Crude Oil Reserves: World Oil

Natural Gas Reserves: Oil and Gas Journal Natural Gas Reserves: World Oil

304 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Includes 174 billion barrels of bitumen in oil sands in Alberta, Canada. Source: Table 11.4.

117

16

89

686

North, Western E. Europe Middle 

0

200400600800

Billion Barrels 315

18

79

727

87

38

North, Western E. Europe Middle East Africa Asia and

0

200400600800

Billion Barrels

Europe and Oceania

Former U.S.S.R.

Central, and

South America

Central, and

South America

Europe and

Former U.S.S.R.

513

185

1,964

2,518

454 445

North, Western E. Europe Middle East Africa Asia and

0

500

1,0001,5002,0002,5003,000

Trillion Cubic Feet

1

510

170

2,693

2,54

North, Western E. Europe Middle 

0

500

1,0001,5002,0002,5003,000

Trillion Cubic Feet

and

Former U.S.S.R.

Central, and Europe

South America

Central, and

South America

Oceania Europe and

Former U.S.S.R.
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 11.4 World Crude Oil and Natural Gas Reserves, January 1, 2004

Region and Country

Crude Oil

(billion barrels)

Natural Gas

(trillion cubic feet)

Region and Country

Crude Oil

(billion barrel

Oil & Gas

Journal World Oil

Oil & Gas

Journal World Oil

Oil & Gas

Journal W

North America ........................................... 216.5 41.4 263.1 268.9 Middle East ............................................... 726.8 

 Canada ..................................................... 1178.9 5.0 59.1 59.1 Bahrain .................................................... 0.1  Mexico ...................................................... 15.7 14.6 15.0 20.7 Iran .......................................................... 125.8  United States ............................................ 21.9 21.9 189.0 189.0 Iraq .......................................................... 115.0  Kuwait 2.................................................... 99.0 

Central and South America ..................... 98.8 75.2 249.4 240.9 Oman ...................................................... 5.5 

 Argentina .................................................. 2.8 2.7 23.4 21.6 Qatar ....................................................... 15.2  Bolivia ....................................................... 0.4 0.5 24.0 27.6 Saudi Arabia 2.......................................... 261.9  Brazil ......................................................... 8.5 10.6 8.5 8.7 Syria ....................................................... 2.5  Colombia .................................................. 1.8 1.5 4.5 4.0 United Arab Emirates ............................. 97.8  Ecuador .................................................... 4.6 5.0 0.3 0.4 Yemen .................................................... 4.0  Peru .......................................................... 0.3 0.9 8.7 8.8 Other ...................................................... (s)  Trinidad and Tobago ................................ 1.0 0.8 25.9 19.1  Venezuela ................................................. 77.8 52.5 148.0 149.2 Africa ........................................................ 87.0  Other ......................................................... 1.5 0.8 6.1 1.5 Algeria ..................................................... 11.3  Angola ..................................................... 5.4 

Western Europe ........................................ 18.4 16.4 185.1 170.1 Cameroon ................................................ 0.4 

 Denmark ................................................... 1.3 1.3 2.6 2.8 Congo (Brazzaville) ................................. 1.5  Germany ................................................... 0.4 0.3 10.8 7.7 Egypt ....................................................... 3.7  Italy ........................................................... 0.6 0.5 8.0 4.8 Libya ........................................................ 36.0  Netherlands .............................................. 0.1 0.1 62.0 55.1 Nigeria ..................................................... 25.0  Norway ..................................................... 10.4 9.4 74.8 74.7 Tunisia ..................................................... 0.3  United Kingdom ........................................ 4.7 4.3 22.2 21.8 Other ....................................................... 3.4  Other ......................................................... 0.8 0.6 4.7 3.2 

Asia and Oceania ..................................... 38.3 

Eastern Europe and Former U.S.S.R. ..... 79.2 89.0 1,964.2 2,693.2 Australia ................................................... 3.5 

 Hungary .................................................... 0.1 0.1 1.2 2.4 Brunei ...................................................... 1.4  Kazakhstan ............................................... 9.0 NA 65.0 NA China ....................................................... 18.3  Romania ................................................... 1.0 0.5 3.6 5.0 India ......................................................... 5.4  Russia ...................................................... 60.0 65.4 1,680.0 2,340.5 Indonesia ................................................. 4.7  Other 3 ...................................................... 9.1 23.0 214.4 345.3 Japan ...................................................... 0.1  Malaysia .................................................. 3.0  New Zealand ........................................... 0.1  Pakistan .................................................. 0.3  Papua New Guinea ................................. 0.2  Thailand .................................................. 0.6  Other ...................................................... 0.9 

World ..................................................... 1,265.0 1

1 Comprises 4.5 billion barrels of conventional crude oil and condensate and 174.4 billion barrels of

bitumen in Alberta’s oil sands.

2 Data for Kuwait and Saudi Arabia include one-half of the reserves in the Neutral Zone between Kuwait

and Saudi Arabia.

3 Albania, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Lithuania, Poland,

Slovakia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan.

NA=Not available. (s)=Less than 0.05 billion barrels. 

Notes: • All reserve figures except those for the former U.S

are proved reserves recoverable with present technology and U.S.S.R. and Canadian natural gas figures include proved, and equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSource: Energy Information Administration, "International En

8.1.
Figure 11.5 World Crude Oil Production

World and OPEC, 1960-2004 OPEC’s Share of World, 1960-2004 Top Producing CountrTop Producing Countries, 2004306 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Notes: • OPEC=Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. • Because vertical

scales differ, graphs should not be compared.

Source: Table 11.5.

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

20406080

Million Barrels per Day

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

255075

Percent

United

States

1960 1970 

0

2

468

10

12

14

Million Barrels per Day42% in 2004 

World

Peak: 55%

in 1973

OPEC

9.1 8.8

5.4

4.0

3.5 3.4

3.0

2.6 2.5 2.5 2.4 

Saudi Russia United Iran China Mexico Norway Venezuela Nigeria United Arab Canada K

0

2

468

10

Million Barrels per Day

Arabia States Emirates 
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 11.5 World Crude Oil Production, 1960-2004

 (Million Barrels per Day)

Year

Persian

Gulf

Nations 1

Selected OPEC Producers Selected Non-OPEC Producers

Iran Iraq Kuwait 2 Nigeria 

Saudi

Arabia 2

United

Arab

Emirates Venezuela

Total

OPEC Canada China Mexico Norway

Former

U.S.S.R. Russia

U

Kin

1960 5.27 1.07 0.97 1.69 0.02 1.31 0.00 2.85 8.70 0.52 0.10 0.27 0.00 2.91 — 1961 5.65 1.20 1.01 1.74 0.05 1.48 0.00 2.92 9.36 0.61 0.11 0.29 0.00 3.28 — 1962 6.19 1.33 1.01 1.96 0.07 1.64 0.01 3.20 10.51 0.67 0.12 0.31 0.00 3.67 — 1963 6.82 1.49 1.16 2.10 0.08 1.79 0.05 3.25 11.51 0.71 0.13 0.31 0.00 4.07 — 1964 7.61 1.71 1.26 2.30 0.12 1.90 0.19 3.39 12.98 0.75 0.18 0.32 0.00 4.60 — 1965 8.37 1.91 1.32 2.36 0.27 2.21 0.28 3.47 14.35 0.81 0.23 0.32 0.00 4.79 — 1966 9.32 2.13 1.39 2.48 0.42 2.60 0.36 3.37 15.77 0.88 0.29 0.33 0.00 5.23 — 1967 9.91 2.60 1.23 2.50 0.32 2.81 0.38 3.54 16.85 0.96 0.28 0.36 0.00 5.68 — 1968 10.91 2.84 1.50 2.61 0.14 3.04 0.50 3.60 18.79 1.19 0.30 0.39 0.00 6.08 — 1969 11.95 3.38 1.52 2.77 0.54 3.22 0.63 3.59 20.91 1.13 0.48 0.46 0.00 6.48 — 1970 13.39 3.83 1.55 2.99 1.08 3.80 0.78 3.71 23.30 1.26 0.60 0.49 0.00 6.99 — 1971 15.77 4.54 1.69 3.20 1.53 4.77 1.06 3.55 25.21 1.35 0.78 0.49 0.01 7.48 — 1972 17.54 5.02 1.47 3.28 1.82 6.02 1.20 3.22 26.89 1.53 0.90 0.51 0.03 7.89 — 1973 20.67 5.86 2.02 3.02 2.05 7.60 1.53 3.37 30.63 1.80 1.09 0.47 0.03 8.32 — 1974 21.28 6.02 1.97 2.55 2.26 8.48 1.68 2.98 30.35 1.55 1.32 0.57 0.04 8.91 — 1975 18.93 5.35 2.26 2.08 1.78 7.08 1.66 2.35 26.77 1.43 1.49 0.71 0.19 9.52 — 1976 21.51 5.88 2.42 2.15 2.07 8.58 1.94 2.29 30.33 1.31 1.67 0.83 0.28 10.06 — 1977 21.73 5.66 2.35 1.97 2.09 9.25 2.00 2.24 30.89 1.32 1.87 0.98 0.28 10.60 — 1978 20.61 5.24 2.56 2.13 1.90 8.30 1.83 2.17 29.46 1.32 2.08 1.21 0.36 11.11 — 1979 21.07 3.17 3.48 2.50 2.30 9.53 1.83 2.36 30.58 1.50 2.12 1.46 0.40 11.38 — 1980 17.96 1.66 2.51 1.66 2.06 9.90 1.71 2.17 26.61 1.44 2.11 1.94 0.53 11.71 — 1981 15.25 1.38 1.00 1.13 1.43 9.82 1.47 2.10 22.48 1.29 2.01 2.31 0.50 11.85 — 1982 12.16 2.21 1.01 0.82 1.30 6.48 1.25 1.90 18.78 1.27 2.05 2.75 0.52 11.91 — 1983 11.08 2.44 1.01 1.06 1.24 5.09 1.15 1.80 17.50 1.36 2.12 2.69 0.61 11.97 — 1984 10.78 2.17 1.21 1.16 1.39 4.66 1.15 1.80 17.44 1.44 2.30 2.78 0.70 11.86 — 1985 9.63 2.25 1.43 1.02 1.50 3.39 1.19 1.68 16.18 1.47 2.51 2.75 0.79 11.59 — 1986 11.70 2.04 1.69 1.42 1.47 4.87 1.33 1.79 18.28 1.47 2.62 2.44 0.87 11.90 — 1987 12.10 2.30 2.08 1.59 1.34 4.27 1.54 1.75 18.52 1.54 2.69 2.55 1.02 12.05 — 1988 13.46 2.24 2.69 1.49 1.45 5.09 1.57 1.90 20.32 1.62 2.73 2.51 1.16 12.05 — 1989 14.84 2.81 2.90 1.78 1.72 5.06 1.86 1.91 22.07 1.56 2.76 2.52 1.55 11.72 — 1990 15.28 3.09 2.04 1.18 1.81 6.41 2.12 2.14 23.20 1.55 2.77 2.55 1.70 10.98 — 1991 14.74 3.31 0.31 0.19 1.89 8.12 2.39 2.38 23.27 1.55 2.84 2.68 1.89 9.99 — 1992 15.97 3.43 0.43 1.06 1.94 8.33 2.27 2.37 24.40 1.61 2.85 2.67 2.23 — 7.63 1993 16.71 3.54 0.51 1.85 1.96 8.20 2.16 2.45 25.12 1.68 2.89 2.67 2.35 — 6.73 1994 16.96 3.62 0.55 2.03 1.93 8.12 2.19 2.59 25.51 1.75 2.94 2.69 2.52 — 6.14 1995 17.21 3.64 0.56 2.06 1.99 8.23 2.23 2.75 26.00 1.81 2.99 2.62 2.77 — 6.00 1996 17.37 3.69 0.58 2.06 2.00 8.22 2.28 2.94 26.46 1.84 3.13 2.86 3.10 — 5.85 1997 18.10 3.66 1.16 2.01 2.13 8.36 2.32 3.28 27.71 1.92 3.20 3.02 3.14 — 5.92 1998 19.34 3.63 2.15 2.09 2.15 8.39 2.35 3.17 28.77 1.98 3.20 3.07 3.02 — 5.85 1999 18.67 3.56 2.51 1.90 2.13 7.83 2.17 2.83 27.58 1.91 3.20 2.91 3.02 — 6.08 2000 19.89 3.70 2.57 2.08 2.17 8.40 2.37 3.16 R29.27 1.98 3.25 3.01 3.20 — 6.48 2001 19.10 3.72 2.39 2.00 2.26 8.03 2.21 3.01 28.34 2.03 3.30 R3.13 3.12 — 6.92 2002 17.79 3.44 2.02 1.89 2.12 7.63 2.08 2.60 R26.35 2.17 3.39 3.18 2.99 — 7.41 2003 19.26 R3.74 1.31 2.18 2.24 8.85 2.35 2.34 R27.98 2.31 3.41 3.37 2.85 — R8.13 2004P 20.82 4.00 2.01 2.38 2.51 9.10 2.48 2.56 30.16 2.40 3.49 3.38 2.97 — 8.80 

1 Persian Gulf Nations are Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates. 2 Includes about one-half of the production in the Neutral Zone between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. 3 Ecuador, which withdrew from OPEC on December 31, 1992, and Gabon, which withdrew on

December 31,1994, are included in "Non-OPEC" for all years.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. — = Not applicable. (s)=Less than 0.005 million barrels per day. Notes: • OPEC = Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. See Glossary for membership.

• Includes lease condensate, excludes natural gas plant liquids. • Totals may not equal sum of

components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/international.Sources: China: • 1960-1972—Central Intelligence Agency, unpublished data. • 1973-1979—

Energy Information Administration (EIA), International Energy Annual, annual reports, and the InternationalEnergy Database. • 1980-2003—EIA, "International Energy Annual 2003" (May-July 2005), Table 2.2.

• 2004—EIA, Monthly Energy Review (March 2005), Table 11.1b. United States: • 1960-1975—Bureau

of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Petroleum Statement, Annual. • 1976-1979—EIA, Energy DataReports, Petroleum Statement, Annual. • 1980-2003—EIA, "International Energy Annual 2003" (May-July

2005), Table 2.2. • 2004—EIA, Petroleum Supply Month

• 1960-1969—U.S.S.R. Central Statistical Office, Narodnoye USSR). • 1970-1979—EIA, International Petroleum • 1980-1991—EIA, "International Energy Annual 2003" • 1992-2003—EIA, "International Energy Annual 2003" (May-JuEnergy Review (March 2005), Table 11.1b. OPEC Nations: Exporting Countries, Annual Statistical Bulletin 1979. • 1973annual reports, and the International Energy Database. • 1982003" (May-July 2005), Table 2.2. • 2004—EIA, Monthly EnerOther Countries: • 1960-1969—Bureau of Mines, • 1970-1972—EIA, International Petroleum Annual, 1978. Annual, annual reports, and the International Energy Database. Annual 2003" (May-July 2005), Table 2.2. • 2004—EIA, Mon11.1a and 11.1b.
Figure 11.6 World Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production

Crude Oil and NGPL1 Production, 1973-2003 World and OPEC NGPL1 Production, 1973-2003

Top NGPL1 Producing Countries, 2003

308 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Natural gas plant liquids.

Notes: • Crude oil includes lease condensate. • OPEC=Organization of the Petroleum

Exporting Countries. • Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared.

Sources: Tables 11.5 and 11.6.

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

20406080

Million Barrels per Day

NGPL1

Crude Oil

1975 1980 1985 1990 

0

2

468

Million Barrels per Day 11% of Crude Oil in 2003 World 

OPEC

1,719

1,220

724

418 412 390

310 280 241 20

United Saudi Canada Mexico Norway Russia United Arab Algeria United Qat

0

500

1,0001,5002,000

Thousand Barrels per Day

States Arabia Emirates Kingdom
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 11.6 World Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production, 1973-2003

 (Thousand Barrels per Day)

Year

Selected OPEC Producers Selected Non-OPEC Producers

Algeria Indonesia Kuwait 1 Qatar 

Saudi

Arabia 1

United

Arab

Emirates Venezuela

Total

OPEC Australia Canada Malaysia Mexico Norway

Former

U.S.S.R. Russia

U

Ki

1973 9 (s) 60 (s) 90 (s) 89 324 50 314 0 75 (s) 170 — 1974 12 (s) 50 5 130 (s) 84 347 50 314 0 80 (s) 190 — 1975 20 (s) 50 10 140 (s) 76 372 50 309 0 80 5 205 — 1976 24 10 50 10 185 (s) 77 442 50 289 0 95 20 220 — 1977 19 10 55 5 215 15 78 482 55 290 0 105 20 235 — 1978 25 30 75 5 250 30 61 566 60 281 0 115 35 255 — 1979 30 40 95 10 303 30 69 637 60 331 0 150 40 270 — 1980 36 70 95 10 369 35 60 732 60 331 0 193 40 285 — 1981 49 95 60 24 433 60 55 825 60 330 0 241 31 300 — 1982 58 80 40 30 430 90 60 842 52 318 0 255 33 315 — 1983 56 94 55 25 330 120 57 780 52 309 0 265 38 330 — 1984 105 75 67 28 355 130 57 869 54 336 10 257 36 340 — 1985 120 44 54 30 375 160 63 892 65 337 10 271 41 350 — 1986 120 30 75 22 385 185 97 969 60 328 9 352 53 440 — 1987 140 30 95 24 418 145 94 1,006 65 367 11 338 55 430 — 1988 120 30 100 30 499 130 98 1,077 67 381 11 370 75 450 — 1989 130 72 105 24 503 130 108 1,188 65 410 11 384 74 425 — 1990 130 77 65 40 620 135 114 1,281 63 426 12 428 78 425 — 1991 140 76 0 50 680 146 117 1,299 61 431 12 457 94 420 — 1992 140 75 34 55 713 144 113 1,364 56 460 13 454 95 — 230 1993 145 78 53 55 704 146 143 1,435 55 506 17 459 100 — 220 1994 140 80 85 50 R951 150 146 R1,718 56 529 17 461 103 — 200 1995 145 76 95 55 R961 160 149 R1,766 52 581 20 447 137 — 180 1996 150 80 85 50 R968 160 150 R1,772 62 596 20 423 138 — 185 1997 160 85 109 70 R982 160 143 R1,859 71 636 50 388 139 — 195 1998 155 87 115 85 R1,020 170 145 R1,927 70 651 90 424 131 — 220 1999 190 87 115 111 R1,010 160 170 R1,993 72 653 85 439 121 — 231 2000 230 90 115 133 R1,008 200 175 R2,101 70 699 65 438 120 — 232 2001 250 82 120 150 R1,051 290 200 R2,304 74 709 70 433 291 — 237 2002 270 80 125 160 R1,095 300 202 R2,403 80 698 75 408 335 — 246 2003P 280 78 130 201 1,220 310 163 2,554 79 724 80 418 412 — 390 

1 Includes about one-half of the production in the Neutral Zone between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. 2 Ecuador, which withdrew from OPEC on December 31, 1992, and Gabon, which withdrew on

December 31, 1994, are included in "Non-OPEC" for all years.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. — = Not applicable. (s)=Less than 500 barrels per day. Notes: • OPEC = Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. See Glossary for membership.

• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent 

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1973-1979—Energy Information Administration 

reports, and the International Energy Database. • 1980 forward(May-July 2005), Table 2.3.
Figure 11.7 Crude Oil Prices by Selected Type

Selected Types, 1970-2005Selected Types, 2005310 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Nigerian Bonny

Light 

Saudi Arabian

 Light

1Nominal dollars.API=API gravity.

Notes: • Prices are as of the Friday that is closest to Janu

are as of the first Friday in February. 

Source: Table 11.7.

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 

0

1020304050

Dollars1 per Barrel Dollars1 per Barrel 39.43 38.21 38.00 35.98 35.86 33.84 31.

United Kingdom Nigerian Bonny Libyan Es Sider Venezuelan Indonesian Minas Iranian Light Saudia Ara

0

1020304050

 Brent Blend

 38° API

Light 37° API 34° API 34° API 34° 

37° API

Tia Juana Light 
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 11.7 Crude Oil Prices by Selected Type, 1970-2005

 (Dollars1 per Barrel)

Year

Saudi Arabian

Light-34° API

Iranian

Light-34° API

Libyan 2

Es Sider-37° API

Nigerian 3

Bonny Light-37° API

Indonesian

Minas-34° API

Venezuelan

Tia Juana Light 4

M

May

1970 1.35 1.36 2.09 2.10 1.67 2.05 1971 1.75 1.76 2.80 2.65 2.18 2.45 1972 1.90 1.91 2.80 2.80 2.96 2.45 1973 2.10 2.11 3.10 3.10 2.96 2.60 1974 9.60 10.63 14.30 12.60 10.80 9.30 1975 10.46 10.67 11.98 11.80 12.60 11.00 1976 11.51 11.62 12.21 12.84 12.80 11.12 1977 12.09 12.81 13.74 14.33 13.55 12.72 1978 12.70 12.81 13.80 14.33 13.55 12.82 1979 13.34 13.45 14.52 14.80 13.90 13.36 1980 26.00 530.37 34.50 29.97 27.50 25.20 21981 32.00 37.00 40.78 40.00 35.00 32.88 1982 34.00 34.20 36.50 36.50 35.00 32.88 21983 34.00 31.20 35.10 35.50 34.53 32.88 21984 29.00 28.00 30.15 30.00 29.53 27.88 21985 29.00 28.00 30.15 28.00 29.53 27.88 21986 28.00 28.05 30.15 28.65 28.53 28.05 21987 16.15 16.14 16.95 17.13 16.28 15.10 1988 17.52 15.55 18.52 18.92 17.56 17.62 1989 13.15 12.75 15.40 15.05 15.50 12.27 1990 18.40 18.20 20.40 21.20 18.55 24.69 1991 24.00 23.65 26.90 27.80 26.50 28.62 21992 15.90 15.50 17.20 18.20 18.65 19.67 1993 16.80 16.70 17.55 18.50 19.10 17.97 1994 12.40 12.40 12.55 13.50 14.15 12.97 1995 16.63 16.18 16.05 16.15 16.95 16.57 1996 18.20 17.73 19.20 19.70 20.05 18.52 1997 22.98 22.63 24.10 24.65 24.95 26.62 1998 15.50 14.93 16.72 16.50 16.50 15.93 1999 10.03 9.83 10.65 10.60 9.95 9.45 2000 24.78 24.63 25.85 25.55 24.15 24.85 22001 20.30 20.20 22.40 22.00 22.80 22.13 2002 17.68 18.90 19.63 19.88 18.89 17.78 2003 27.39 27.85 30.40 31.16 35.03 30.25 22004 27.08 28.67 29.47 29.97 32.10 30.10 22005 31.86 33.84 38.00 38.21 35.86 35.98 2

1 Nominal dollars. 2 Prices for 1974 and 1975 are for crude oil with 40° API gravity. Prices for 1980 include $4.72 in

retroactive charges and market premiums. 3 Prices from 1977 forward include 2 cents per barrel harbor dues. 4 1970-1985—26° API; 1986 forward—31° API. 5 Price for 1980 includes $1.87 market premiums and credit charges.

API=API gravity. NA=Not available. Notes: • Prices are as of the Friday that is closest to January 1, except in 1987, when prices are as of

the first Friday in February. • Based on official government-se

quotations. • Prices are usually f.o.b. at the foreign port of ladother types of crude oil prices for the United States, such as Domof Crude Oil Imports, and Refiner Acquisition Costs.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1970-1978—Petroleum and Energy Intellige

Weekly. • 1979 forward—Energy Information Administration, W
Figure 11.8 Retail Motor Gasoline Prices in Selected Countries, 2004

Regular UnleadedPremium Unleaded2312 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Nominal dollars.2 Research Octane Number (RON) of 95.

Source: Table 11.8.

5.24

4.51

3.93

2.72

2.46 2.37

Germany South Korea Japan Australia Taiwan Canada 

0

1

2

3456

Dollars1 per Gallon

5.57

5.30

4.99

4.09

2.58

United Kingdom Italy France Spain South Africa 

0

1

2

3456

Dollars1 per Gallon
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 11.8 Retail Motor Gasoline Prices in Selected Countries, 1990-2004

 (Dollars1 per Gallon)

Year

Regular Unleaded Premium Unl

Australia Canada China Germany Japan Mexico

South

Korea Taiwan

United

States France Italy

SouthAfrica Spain 

1990 NA 1.87 NA 2.65 R3.16 1.00 2.05 2.49 1.16 3.63 R4.59 NA NA 1991 1.96 1.92 NA 2.90 3.46 R1.30 2.49 2.39 1.14 3.45 4.50 NA NA 1992 1.89 1.73 NA 3.27 3.59 1.50 2.65 2.42 1.13 3.57 4.53 NA R3.50 1993 1.73 1.57 NA 3.07 4.02 1.56 2.88 2.27 1.11 3.41 3.68 NA R3.01 1994 1.84 1.45 0.96 3.52 4.39 1.48 2.87 2.14 1.11 3.59 R3.70 NA 2.99 1995 1.95 1.53 1.03 3.96 4.43 1.12 2.94 2.23 1.15 4.26 4.00 NA 3.24 1996 2.12 1.61 1.03 3.94 3.65 1.26 3.18 2.15 1.23 4.41 4.39 NA 3.32 1997 2.05 1.62 1.07 R3.53 3.27 1.47 3.34 2.23 1.23 R4.00 R4.07 1.72 3.01 1998 1.63 1.38 R0.95 3.34 R2.83 1.50 3.04 1.86 1.06 3.87 3.84 1.51 R2.80 1999 1.72 R1.52 0.95 3.42 3.27 1.80 3.80 1.86 1.17 3.85 3.87 R1.55 2.82 2000 1.94 1.86 1.06 3.45 3.65 2.02 4.18 2.15 1.51 3.80 3.77 1.78 2.86 2001 1.71 1.72 NA 3.40 3.27 2.21 3.76 R2.02 1.46 3.51 3.57 1.59 R2.74 2002 R1.76 1.70 NA R3.67 R3.15 2.25 3.84 R1.93 1.36 R3.62 R3.74 1.41 2.90 2003 2.20 1.99 NA 4.59 3.47 2.09 4.12 2.16 1.59 4.35 4.53 1.91 3.50 2004 2.72 2.37 NA 5.24 3.93 NA 4.51 2.46 1.88 4.99 5.30 2.58 4.09 

1 Nominal dollars. 2 Research Octane Number (RON) of 95.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. Notes: • Prices are those actually paid, i.e., net of rebates, and include transport costs and taxes which

are not refundable. Prices in national currencies are converted to U.S. dollars using exchange ratespublished by the International Monetary Fund. • Prices for all countries, except the United States, havebeen converted from dollars per liter to dollars per gallon at 3.786 liters per gallon. Comparisons betweenprices and price trends in different countries require care. They are of limited validity because of

fluctuations in exchange rates, differences in product quality, m

the extent to which the standard categories of sales are represperiod.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • United States: Table 5.24. • All Other Data: 

for Economic Cooperation and Development, Energy Prices an2005, Part II, Section D, and Part III, Section B.
Figure 11.9 World Crude Oil Refining Capacity

World and OECD, 1970-2004 Top Refining Countries, 1970-2004Top Refining Countries, 2004314 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Notes: • Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. See Glossary for

membership. • Capacity as of January 1. • Because vertical scales differ, graphs should notbe compared.

Source: Table 11.9.

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

20406080

100

Million Barrels per Day

1970 1975 1980 1985 199

05

101520

Million Barrels per Day

World

OECD1

16.9

5.4

4.7 4.5

2.5 2.3 2.3 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.8 

United Russia Japan China South Italy Germany Canada France Brazil United Saudi 

05

101520

Million Barrels per Day

Former U.S.S.

Japan

54% of 

World

 in 2004

China

States Korea Kingdom Arabia
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 11.9 World Crude Oil Refining Capacity, 1970-2004

 (Million Barrels per Day)

Year

Selected OECD Countries Selected Non-OECD C

Canada France Germany 1 Italy Japan Mexico 2 

South

Korea 2 Spain

United

Kingdom

United

States

Total

OECD 3 Brazil China

Former

U.S.S.R. Russia

Sa

Ara

1970 1.40 2.32 2.36 2.96 3.14 0.50 0.18 0.69 2.30 12.02 32.18 0.50 0.30 5.64 — 01971 1.45 2.53 2.54 3.24 3.70 0.57 0.25 0.85 2.39 12.86 R35.19 0.51 0.42 6.27 — 01972 1.45 2.69 2.56 3.68 3.82 0.59 0.22 0.87 2.59 13.29 R37.29 0.56 0.48 6.68 — 01973 1.73 2.95 2.70 3.59 4.53 0.63 0.43 1.03 2.47 13.64 R39.45 0.72 0.50 7.26 — 01974 1.79 3.14 2.83 3.88 5.15 0.63 0.42 1.16 2.76 14.36 R42.39 0.79 0.60 7.81 — 01975 1.88 3.34 2.99 3.95 5.35 0.76 0.43 1.17 2.78 14.96 44.07 0.96 0.85 8.24 — 01976 2.02 3.31 3.10 4.08 5.63 0.76 0.44 1.32 2.89 15.24 46.16 0.99 1.01 9.23 — 01977 2.10 3.52 3.08 4.26 5.76 0.94 0.42 1.28 3.01 16.40 48.34 1.12 1.40 9.10 — 01978 2.17 3.46 3.08 4.23 5.67 1.38 0.48 1.27 2.91 17.05 49.37 1.16 1.46 9.98 — 01979 2.23 3.47 3.10 4.20 5.68 1.24 0.54 1.43 2.53 17.44 R49.33 1.21 1.58 10.48 — 01980 2.22 3.40 2.99 4.13 5.71 1.39 0.60 1.46 2.53 17.99 R50.10 1.21 1.60 10.95 — 01981 2.17 3.34 3.02 4.09 5.66 1.39 0.61 1.46 2.63 18.62 R50.60 1.40 1.81 11.40 — 01982 2.20 3.29 2.94 4.00 5.81 1.47 0.76 1.52 2.48 17.89 R49.80 1.41 1.81 11.60 — 01983 2.02 2.87 2.47 3.28 5.73 1.29 0.76 1.52 2.26 16.86 R45.89 1.22 2.00 11.75 — 01984 1.81 2.67 2.39 3.05 5.17 1.27 0.78 1.49 2.09 16.14 R43.39 1.30 2.05 12.00 — 01985 1.87 2.39 2.17 3.10 4.97 1.27 0.78 1.49 2.01 15.66 R42.16 1.31 2.15 12.20 — 01986 1.86 1.95 1.93 2.74 4.72 1.27 0.78 1.37 1.79 15.46 R40.06 1.31 2.15 12.20 — 11987 1.76 1.83 1.72 2.68 4.79 1.35 0.86 1.31 1.78 15.57 R39.63 1.32 2.20 12.26 — 11988 1.87 1.94 1.65 2.56 4.57 1.35 0.82 1.31 1.80 15.92 R40.07 1.41 2.20 12.26 — 11989 1.86 1.88 1.52 2.45 4.36 1.35 0.88 1.29 1.80 15.65 R39.31 1.41 2.20 12.30 — 11990 1.85 1.82 1.51 2.80 4.20 1.51 0.87 1.29 1.83 15.57 R39.65 1.40 2.20 12.30 — 11991 1.88 1.82 2.07 2.39 4.38 1.68 0.87 1.32 1.87 15.68 R40.25 1.41 2.20 12.30 — 11992 1.91 1.82 2.06 2.39 4.61 1.57 1.16 1.32 1.86 15.70 R41.72 1.41 2.20 12.30 — 11993 1.87 1.85 2.23 2.42 4.74 1.52 1.15 1.30 1.84 15.12 R41.28 1.40 2.20 — 6.46 11994 1.88 1.86 2.27 2.26 4.81 1.52 1.15 1.28 1.87 15.03 R41.18 1.25 2.20 — 6.46 11995 1.91 1.77 2.32 2.26 4.85 1.52 1.17 1.28 1.87 15.43 R41.62 1.25 2.87 — 6.53 11996 1.85 1.78 2.13 2.28 4.87 1.52 1.24 1.33 1.89 15.33 R41.31 1.26 2.87 — 6.72 11997 1.85 1.79 2.11 2.26 4.99 1.52 2.21 1.30 1.94 15.45 R42.47 1.26 2.87 — 6.73 11998 1.85 1.87 2.18 2.45 4.97 1.52 2.54 1.29 1.83 15.71 R43.23 1.66 2.97 — 6.87 11999 1.87 1.95 2.25 2.45 5.06 1.53 2.54 1.32 1.85 16.26 R44.19 1.77 4.35 — 6.75 12000 1.91 1.90 2.28 2.34 5.00 1.53 2.54 1.32 R1.78 16.51 R44.33 1.78 4.35 — 6.67 12001 1.91 1.90 2.26 2.36 4.96 1.53 2.56 1.29 1.77 16.60 R44.48 1.92 4.35 — 5.44 12002 1.94 1.90 2.26 2.28 4.79 1.53 2.56 1.29 1.78 16.79 R44.50 1.79 4.53 — 5.44 12003 1.98 1.90 2.27 2.30 4.77 1.68 2.56 1.32 1.79 16.76 R44.69 1.87 4.53 — 5.44 12004 1.99 1.95 2.29 2.31 4.70 1.68 2.54 1.27 1.82 16.89 44.75 1.91 4.53 — 5.44 1

1 Through 1990, this is East and West Germany. Beginning in 1991, this is unified Germany. 2 Mexico, which joined the OECD on May 18, 1994, and South Korea, which joined the OECD on

December 12, 1996, are included in the OECD for all years shown in this table.

3 Hungary and Poland, which joined the OECD on May 7, 1996, and November 22, 1996, respectively,

are included in Total OECD beginning in 1992, the first year that data for these countries were available. The Czech Republic and Slovakia (or Slovak Republic), which joined the OECD on December 21, 1995 andDecember 14, 2000, respectively, are included in Total OECD beginning in 1992, the first year that data forthese countries were available.

R=Revised. — = Not applicable.Notes: • OECD = Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. See Glossary for

membership. • Capacity data represent distillation capacity. • 

• Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent 

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: United States: • 1970-1977—Bureau of Min

Refineries, Annual, annual reports. • 1978-1981—Energy InfoReports, Petroleum Refineries in the United States and U.S. TeSupply Annual, annual reports. China and Former U.S.SCompany, The Energy Decade, 1970-1980, A Statisticaforward—PennWell Publishing Company, Oil & Gas Journal. ACompany, Oil & Gas Journal.
Figure 11.10 World Petroleum Consumption

World and OECD,1 1960-2003 Top Consuming Countries, 1960-2003Selected OECD1 Consumers, 2003316 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. See Glossary for membership.

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared.

Source: Table 11.10.

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

306090

Million Barrels per Day

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 

05

10152025

Million Barrels per DayWorld OECD1

20.0

5.6 5.6

2.7 2.7 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.0 

United Japan China Russia Germany India Canada South Brazil France Mexico 

05

10152025

Million Barrels per Day

United States

Former U.S.S.R.

Japan

61% of World

Total in 2003

China

States Korea 
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 11.10 World Petroleum Consumption, 1960-2003

 (Million Barrels per Day)

Year

Selected OECD Consumers Selected Non-OECD 

Canada France Germany 1 Italy Japan Mexico 2 

South

Korea 2 Spain

United

Kingdom

United

States

Total

OECD 3 Brazil China India

For

U.S.

1960 0.84 0.56 0.63 0.44 0.66 0.30 0.01 0.10 0.94 9.80 15.78 0.27 0.17 0.16 21961 0.87 0.63 0.79 0.54 0.82 0.29 0.02 0.12 1.04 9.98 16.77 0.28 0.17 0.17 21962 0.92 0.73 1.00 0.67 0.93 0.30 0.02 0.12 1.12 10.40 18.06 0.31 0.14 0.18 21963 0.99 0.86 1.17 0.77 1.21 0.31 0.03 0.12 1.27 10.74 19.60 0.34 0.17 0.21 31964 1.05 0.98 1.36 0.90 1.48 0.33 0.02 0.20 1.36 11.02 21.05 0.35 0.20 0.22 31965 1.14 1.09 1.61 0.98 1.74 0.34 0.03 0.23 1.49 11.51 22.81 0.33 0.23 0.25 31966 1.21 1.19 1.80 1.08 1.98 0.36 0.04 0.31 1.58 12.08 24.60 0.38 0.30 0.28 31967 1.25 1.34 1.86 1.19 2.14 0.39 0.07 0.36 1.64 12.56 25.94 0.38 0.28 0.26 41968 1.34 1.46 1.99 1.40 2.66 0.41 0.10 0.46 1.82 13.39 28.56 0.46 0.31 0.31 41969 1.42 1.66 2.33 1.69 3.25 0.45 0.15 0.49 1.98 14.14 31.54 0.48 0.44 0.34 41970 1.52 1.94 2.83 1.71 3.82 0.50 0.20 0.58 2.10 14.70 R34.69 0.53 0.62 0.40 51971 1.56 2.12 2.94 1.84 4.14 0.52 0.23 0.64 2.14 15.21 R36.30 0.58 0.79 0.42 51972 1.66 2.32 3.13 1.95 4.36 0.59 0.23 0.68 2.28 16.37 R38.95 0.66 0.91 0.46 61973 1.73 2.60 3.34 2.07 4.95 0.67 0.28 0.78 2.34 17.31 R41.80 0.78 1.12 0.49 61974 1.78 2.45 3.06 2.00 4.86 0.71 0.29 0.86 2.21 16.65 R40.38 0.86 1.19 0.47 71975 1.78 2.25 2.96 1.86 4.62 0.75 0.31 0.87 1.91 16.32 R39.14 0.92 1.36 0.50 71976 1.82 2.42 3.21 1.97 4.84 0.83 0.36 0.97 1.89 17.46 R41.72 1.00 1.53 0.51 71977 1.85 2.29 3.21 1.90 4.88 0.88 0.42 0.94 1.91 18.43 R42.78 1.02 1.64 0.55 81978 1.90 2.41 3.29 1.95 4.95 0.99 0.48 0.98 1.94 18.85 R43.98 1.11 1.79 0.62 81979 1.97 2.46 3.37 2.04 5.05 1.10 0.53 1.02 1.97 18.51 R44.39 1.18 1.84 0.66 81980 1.87 2.26 3.08 1.93 4.96 1.27 0.54 0.99 1.73 17.06 41.76 1.15 1.77 0.64 91981 1.77 2.02 2.80 1.87 4.85 1.40 0.54 0.94 1.59 16.06 39.49 1.09 1.71 0.73 81982 1.58 1.88 2.74 1.78 4.58 1.48 0.53 1.00 1.59 15.30 37.77 1.06 1.66 0.74 91983 1.45 1.84 2.66 1.75 4.40 1.35 0.56 1.01 1.53 15.23 36.91 0.98 1.73 0.77 81984 1.52 1.77 2.56 1.72 4.67 1.40 0.55 0.85 1.83 15.73 37.70 1.03 1.74 0.82 81985 1.53 1.75 2.65 1.71 4.44 1.48 0.55 0.86 1.62 15.73 37.48 1.08 1.89 0.89 81986 1.53 1.76 2.79 1.73 4.50 1.52 0.59 0.87 1.64 16.28 38.61 1.24 2.00 0.95 81987 1.61 1.79 2.72 1.82 4.57 1.58 0.63 0.90 1.61 16.67 39.37 1.26 2.12 0.99 91988 1.68 1.80 2.72 1.83 4.85 1.60 0.75 0.98 1.69 17.28 40.68 1.30 2.28 1.08 81989 1.75 1.84 2.58 1.90 5.06 1.72 0.86 0.98 1.73 17.33 41.34 1.32 2.38 1.15 81990 1.75 1.83 2.68 1.87 R5.22 1.75 1.05 1.01 1.78 16.99 R41.52 1.47 2.30 1.17 81991 R1.68 1.94 2.83 1.86 R5.33 1.83 1.26 1.07 1.80 16.71 R41.94 1.48 2.50 1.19 81992 R1.72 1.93 2.84 1.89 5.49 1.86 1.53 1.10 1.82 17.03 R42.95 1.52 2.66 1.27 — 1993 R1.75 1.88 2.91 1.89 R5.38 1.84 1.68 R1.05 1.83 17.24 R43.26 1.58 2.96 1.31 — 1994 1.77 R1.86 2.88 1.87 R5.67 1.93 1.84 1.12 1.83 17.72 R44.43 1.67 3.16 1.41 — 1995 R1.82 1.92 2.88 1.94 R5.68 1.82 2.01 1.19 1.81 17.72 R44.87 1.79 3.36 1.57 — 1996 1.87 1.95 2.92 1.92 R5.79 1.79 2.10 1.20 1.85 18.31 R46.00 1.90 3.61 1.68 — 1997 R1.96 1.97 2.92 1.93 R5.80 1.85 2.25 1.27 1.80 18.62 R46.80 2.03 3.92 1.77 — 1998 R1.94 2.04 2.92 1.94 R5.58 1.95 1.92 1.36 1.79 18.92 R46.93 2.10 4.11 1.84 — 1999 2.03 2.03 2.84 1.89 R5.70 1.96 2.08 1.40 1.79 19.52 R47.86 2.13 4.36 2.03 — 2000 R2.03 2.00 2.77 1.85 R5.61 2.04 2.14 1.43 1.76 19.70 R47.97 2.17 4.80 2.13 — 2001 2.04 2.05 2.81 1.84 R5.53 1.99 2.13 1.49 1.72 19.65 R48.01 2.21 4.92 2.18 — 2002 R2.08 1.98 2.72 R1.87 R5.46 R1.94 R2.15 1.51 R1.77 19.76 R48.05 R2.13 5.16 R2.26 — 2003P 2.19 2.06 2.68 1.87 5.58 2.02 2.17 1.54 1.72 20.03 48.86 2.10 5.55 2.32 — 

1 Through 1969, the data for Germany are for the former West Germany only. For 1970 through 1990,

this is East and West Germany. Beginning in 1991, this is unified Germany. 2 Mexico, which joined the OECD on May 18, 1994, and South Korea, which joined the OECD onDecember 12, 1996, are included in the OECD for all years shown in this table.

3 Hungary and Poland, which joined the OECD on May 7, 1996, and November 22, 1996, respectively,

are included in Total OECD beginning in 1970, the first year that data for these countries were available. Total OECD includes Czechoslovakia from 1970-1992, and Czech Republic and Slovakia from 1993

forward.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. — = Not applicable.Notes: • OECD = Organization for Economic Cooperati

membership. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to 

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: • 1960-1979—Energy Information Administrati

• 1980 forward—EIA, "International Energy Annual 2003" (May-
Figure 11.11 World Dry Natural Gas Production

World and Top Producing Countries, 1994-2003 World Areas, 2003World Areas, 1994-2003318 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared. Source: Table 11.11.

1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

0

255075

100

Trillion Cubic Feet

31.18

10.62

28.00

North, Western E. Europe 

0

10203040

Trillion Cubic Feet

World

Canada

Russia

Europe 

United States

Western Europe

Asia and Oceania

Middle Eas

Central,

and

South America

North, Central,

and South America

and

Former

U.S.S.R.

Eastern Europe

and Former U.S.S.R.

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 

0

10203040

Trillion Cubic Feet
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 11.11 World Dry Natural Gas Production, 1994-2003

 (Trillion Cubic Feet)

Region and Country 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 

North, Central, and South America ............................... 27.50 27.74 28.39 28.75 29.39 29.53 R30.40 

 Argentina ........................................................................ 0.79 0.88 0.94 0.97 1.04 1.22 1.32  Canada ........................................................................... 5.27 5.60 5.71 5.76 5.98 R6.27 6.47  Mexico ............................................................................ 0.97 0.96 1.06 1.17 1.27 1.29 1.31  United States .................................................................. 18.82 18.60 18.85 18.90 19.02 18.83 19.18  Venezuela ....................................................................... 0.88 0.89 0.96 0.99 1.11 0.95 0.96  Other ............................................................................... 0.78 0.81 0.86 0.96 0.96 0.98 1.15 

Western Europe .............................................................. 8.44 8.80 10.09 9.71 9.64 R9.90 10.19 

 Germany ......................................................................... 0.70 0.74 0.80 0.79 0.77 0.82 0.78  Italy ................................................................................. 0.73 0.72 0.71 0.68 0.67 0.62 0.59  Netherlands .................................................................... 2.95 2.98 3.37 2.99 2.84 R2.65 2.56  Norway ........................................................................... 1.04 1.08 1.45 1.62 1.63 1.76 1.87  United Kingdom .............................................................. 2.47 2.67 3.18 3.03 3.14 3.49 3.83  Other ............................................................................... 0.55 0.61 0.59 0.60 0.58 0.57 0.57 

Eastern Europe and Former U.S.S.R. ........................... 26.47 25.93 26.28 24.85 25.17 25.41 26.22 2

 Romania ......................................................................... 0.69 0.68 0.63 0.61 0.52 0.50 0.48  Russia ............................................................................. 21.45 21.01 21.23 20.17 20.87 20.83 20.63 2 Turkmenistan .................................................................. 1.26 1.14 1.31 0.90 0.47 0.79 1.64  Ukraine ........................................................................... 0.64 0.62 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.63 0.64  Uzbekistan ...................................................................... 1.67 1.70 1.70 1.74 1.94 1.96 1.99  Other ............................................................................... 0.76 0.79 0.76 0.79 0.74 0.70 0.84 

Middle East and Africa ................................................... 7.41 7.99 8.76 9.74 10.30 10.95 12.01 

 Algeria ............................................................................ 1.81 2.05 2.19 2.43 2.60 2.88 2.94  Egypt .............................................................................. 0.42 0.44 0.47 0.48 0.49 0.52 0.65  Iran ................................................................................. 1.12 1.25 1.42 1.66 1.77 2.04 2.13  Qatar ............................................................................... 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.61 0.69 0.78 1.03  Saudi Arabia ................................................................... 1.33 1.34 1.46 1.60 1.65 1.63 1.76  United Arab Emirates ..................................................... 0.91 1.11 1.19 1.28 1.31 1.34 1.36  Other ............................................................................... 1.34 1.33 1.53 1.67 1.79 1.76 2.15 

Asia and Oceania ............................................................ 7.11 7.50 8.13 8.47 8.55 R9.14 9.48 

 Australia .......................................................................... 0.93 1.03 1.06 1.06 1.10 R1.12 1.16  China .............................................................................. 0.59 0.60 0.67 0.75 0.78 0.85 0.96  India ................................................................................ 0.59 0.63 0.70 0.72 0.76 0.75 0.79  Indonesia ........................................................................ 2.21 2.24 2.35 2.37 2.27 2.51 2.36  Malaysia ......................................................................... 0.92 1.02 1.23 1.36 1.37 1.42 1.50  Pakistan .......................................................................... 0.63 0.65 0.70 0.70 0.71 0.78 0.86  Other ............................................................................... 1.23 1.33 1.42 1.52 1.56 R1.70 1.86 

World ............................................................................... 76.93 77.96 81.65 81.52 83.03 R84.93 R88.29 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/international.

Sources: United States: Table 6.1. All Other Data: Energ

Energy Annual 2003" (May-July 2005), Table 2.4.
Figure 11.12 World Dry Natural Gas Consumption

World and Top Consuming Countries, 1980-2003Top Consuming Countries, 2003320 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared. Source: Table 11.12.

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 

0

255075

100

Trillion Cubic Feet

World

Former U.S.S.R. United S

22.4

15.3

3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.1 1.8 

United Russia United Germany Canada Japan Ukraine Iran Italy Saudi Nether- Uzb

05

10152025

Trillion Cubic Feet

States Kingdom Arabia lands
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 11.12 World Dry Natural Gas Consumption, 1980-2003

 (Billion Cubic Feet)

Year Canada France Germany 1 Indonesia Iran Italy Japan

Netherlands Former U.S.S.R. Russia Saudi Arabia Ukraine United Kingdom Unit

Stat

1980 1,883 981 2,621 195 232 972 903 1,493 13,328 — 334 — 1,702 19,81981 1,842 1,003 2,513 232 155 942 925 1,421 14,440 — 564 — 1,740 19,41982 1,859 979 2,334 218 200 944 956 1,511 15,522 — 430 — 1,743 18,01983 1,863 999 2,397 302 310 967 1,020 1,451 16,822 — 418 — 1,815 16,81984 2,017 1,079 2,584 365 476 1,135 1,372 1,540 18,512 — 620 — 1,851 17,91985 2,165 1,110 2,546 513 600 1,151 1,468 1,624 20,302 — 716 — 1,991 17,21986 2,130 1,129 2,595 441 536 1,217 1,494 1,620 21,522 — 890 — 2,020 16,21987 2,112 1,038 2,733 542 565 1,346 1,543 1,672 22,462 — 946 — 2,079 17,21988 2,331 963 2,716 492 706 1,460 1,618 1,513 24,092 — 1,028 — 1,972 18,01989 2,427 984 2,835 546 784 1,581 1,731 1,550 24,529 — 1,052 — 1,951 19,11990 2,378 997 2,669 547 837 1,674 1,851 1,535 24,961 — 1,077 — 2,059 19,11991 2,400 1,131 2,776 557 811 1,775 1,976 1,715 25,014 — 1,130 — 2,218 19,51992 2,596 1,146 2,739 673 883 1,760 2,023 1,669 — 16,482 1,201 3,503 2,170 20,21993 2,736 1,158 2,830 850 938 1,801 2,034 1,714 — 16,185 1,268 3,871 2,412 20,71994 2,824 1,157 2,965 965 1,123 1,748 2,180 1,654 — 15,214 1,331 3,327 2,542 21,21995 2,791 1,183 3,172 1,061 1,243 1,921 2,207 1,701 — 14,507 1,343 2,970 2,690 22,21996 2,917 1,314 3,163 1,108 1,416 1,984 2,390 1,874 — 14,504 1,460 2,935 3,182 22,61997 2,887 1,300 3,012 1,125 1,663 2,048 2,439 1,763 — 13,434 1,601 2,832 3,013 22,71998 2,794 1,313 3,130 983 1,828 2,205 2,535 1,752 — 14,045 1,653 2,606 3,072 22,21999 2,934 1,383 3,151 1,124 2,112 2,396 R2,745 1,705 — 14,013 1,632 2,755 3,259 22,42000 2,952 R1,403 3,098 1,081 2,221 2,498 R2,845 1,725 — 14,130 1,759 2,779 3,373 23,32001 2,912 R1,473 3,239 1,182 2,478 2,505 R2,843 1,769 — 14,412 1,896 2,617 3,338 22,22002 R3,060 1,586 3,204 1,197 2,798 2,485 R2,943 1,765 — 14,567 2,002 2,779 3,313 R23,02003P 3,212 1,545 3,315 1,229 2,790 2,715 3,055 1,780 — 15,291 2,121 3,023 3,360 22,3

1 Through 1990, this is East and West Germany. Beginning in 1991, this is unified Germany.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. — = Not applicable. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: United States: Table 6.1. All Other Data: Energ

Energy Annual 2003" (May-July 2005), Table 1.3.
Figure 11.13 World Recoverable Reserves of Coal, 2002

By Type By RegionTop Reserves Countries322 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 U.S. reserves are at end of 2003, one year later than other data in this figure.

Notes: • Data are at end of year. • Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be

compared.

Source: Table 11.13.

Europe

530

470

Anthracite Subbituminous

0

200400600

Billion Short Tons

280

22 36

280

North America Central Western Eastern 

0

100200300400

Billion Short Tons

and Bituminous

Coal

Coal and

Lignite

and South

America

Europe and

Former U.S.S.R.

271

173

126

102

87

54

38 34

18 15 

United Russia China India Australia South Ukraine Kazakhstan Serbia and Poland 

0

100200300

Billion Short Tons

States Montenegro 1 Africa
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 11.13 World Recoverable Reserves of Coal, 2002

 (Million Short Tons)

Region and Country Anthracite and Bituminous Coal Subbituminous Coal and Lignite 

North America ............................................................. 130,186 149,320 

 Canada ....................................................................... 3,826 3,425  Greenland ................................................................... 0 202  Mexico ........................................................................ 948 387  United States 1 ........................................................... 125,412 145,306 

Central and South America ....................................... 8,489 13,439 

 Brazil ........................................................................... 0 11,148  Chile ........................................................................... 34 1,268  Colombia .................................................................... 6,867 420  Peru ............................................................................ 1,058 110  Other ........................................................................... 529 494 

Western Europe .......................................................... 1,571 34,918 

 Germany ..................................................................... 202 7,227  Greece ........................................................................ 0 4,299  Serbia and Montenegro (Yugoslavia) ......................... 10 18,279  Turkey ......................................................................... 306 4,308  United Kingdom .......................................................... 243 0  Other ........................................................................... 810 806 

Eastern Europe and Former U.S.S.R. ....................... 122,170 157,607 

 Bulgaria ...................................................................... 4 2,406  Czech Republic .......................................................... 2,308 3,812  Hungary ...................................................................... 218 3,482  Kazakhstan ................................................................. 31,031 3,448  Poland ........................................................................ 15,432 0  Romania ..................................................................... 24 520  Russia ......................................................................... 54,110 118,964  Ukraine ....................................................................... 17,939 19,708  Uzbekistan .................................................................. 1,102 3,307  Other ........................................................................... 0 1,960 

Africa ........................................................................... 55,294 192 

 Botswana .................................................................... 44 0  South Africa ................................................................ 53,738 0  Zimbabwe ................................................................... 553 0  Other ........................................................................... 959 192 

Middle East, Asia, and Oceania ................................. 212,727 114,999 

 Australia ...................................................................... 42,549 43,982  China .......................................................................... 68,564 57,651  India ............................................................................ 99,302 2,601  Indonesia .................................................................... 816 4,661  North Korea ................................................................ 331 331  Pakistan ...................................................................... 0 3,362  Thailand ...................................................................... 0 1,493  Other ........................................................................... 1,166 918 

World ........................................................................... 530,438 470,475 

1 U.S. data are as of the end of 2003, one year later than the other data on this table.

Notes: • Data are at end of year. • World Energy Council data represent "Proved Recoverable

Reserves," which are the tonnage within the "Proved Amount in Place" that can be recovered (extractedfrom the earth in raw form) under present and expected local economic conditions with existing, availabletechnology. • The EIA does not certify the international reserves data but reproduces the information as amatter of convenience for the reader. • U. S. reserves represent estimated recoverable reserves from theDemonstrated Reserve Base which includes both measured and indicated tonnage. The U.S. term

"measured" approximates the term "proved," used by the World 

indicated" data have been combined and cannot be recaptured equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSource: Energy Information Administration, "International En

8.2.
Figure 11.14 World Coal Production

World and Top Producing Countries, 1994-2003 World Areas, 1994-2003Top Producing Countries, 2003324 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

China

World

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared. Source: Table 11.14.

1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

0

2

46

Billion Short Tons

1994 1996 1998 

0.00.51.01.52.02.53.0

Billion Short Tons

United States

Middle East, Asia, and Oce

Western Europe

Eastern Europe 

Africa

1.64

1.07

0.40 0.37

0.29 0.26 0.23 0.18 0.13 0.09 

China United States India Australia Russia South Africa Germany Poland Indonesia Kazakhst

0.00.30.60.9

1.2

1.51.8

Billion Short Tons

N
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 11.14 World Coal Production, 1994-2003

 (Million Short Tons)

Region and Country 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 200

North, Central, and South America ........... R1,161 R1,166 R1,203 R1,237 R1,266 R1,243 R1,221 R1,2

 Canada ....................................................... 80 83 84 87 83 80 76  Colombia .................................................... 25 28 33 36 37 36 42 4 Mexico ........................................................ 10 10 11 11 12 11 13  United States .............................................. 1,034 1,033 1,064 1,090 1,118 1,100 1,074 1,1 Other ........................................................... R12 R12 R11 R13 R16 R15 R17 R

Western Europe .......................................... 566 556 548 542 528 501 R494 R4

 Bosnia and Herzegovina ............................ 2 2 2 6 9 8 10  Germany .................................................... 292 274 265 252 233 226 R226 R2 Greece ........................................................ 62 64 66 65 67 68 70  Macedonia .................................................. 8 8 8 8 9 8 8  Serbia and Montenegro (Yugoslavia) ......... 37 45 45 47 49 37 38  Slovenia ...................................................... 5 5 5 6 5 5 5  Spain .......................................................... 33 31 30 29 29 27 26 2 Turkey ......................................................... 60 61 62 66 74 74 70 R United Kingdom .......................................... 54 52 54 52 44 40 34  Other ........................................................... R14 R14 R12 R10 R9 R9 R7 

Eastern Europe and Former U.S.S.R. ....... R919 R876 R840 R812 R758 R737 R764 7

 Bulgaria ...................................................... 28 R31 31 33 33 28 29  Czech Republic .......................................... 85 83 85 82 74 65 72  Estonia ........................................................ 15 14 15 15 14 12 13  Hungary ...................................................... 16 16 R18 R18 R17 16 15  Kazakhstan ................................................. 115 R93 R86 80 R78 R66 R82 R Poland ........................................................ 220 R221 R222 R221 R197 R189 R179 R1 Romania ..................................................... 45 45 46 37 29 25 32  Russia ......................................................... 281 271 265 253 241 259 265 2 Ukraine ....................................................... 104 95 R63 R65 R66 R70 R69 R Other ........................................................... R10 R8 R8 R8 R8 R8 R7 

Africa ........................................................... 224 235 235 251 254 250 R256 2

 South Africa ................................................ 216 227 227 244 247 243 R249 R2 Zimbabwe ................................................... 5 5 5 4 5 5 5  Other ........................................................... 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 

Middle East, Asia, and Oceania ................. 2,082 2,263 2,282 2,291 2,243 R2,210 R2,196 R2,4

 Australia ...................................................... 248 267 272 292 317 321 338 3 China .......................................................... 1,404 1,537 1,545 1,507 1,429 1,365 1,314 1,4 India ............................................................ 301 321 315 338 343 356 R370 3 Indonesia .................................................... 36 45 55 60 68 81 84 1 Mongolia ..................................................... 6 6 6 5 R6 R7 6  North Korea ................................................ 37 35 31 30 27 31 33  South Korea ................................................ 8 6 5 5 5 5 5  Thailand ...................................................... 19 20 24 26 22 20 20 2 Vietnam ...................................................... 6 9 11 13 12 10 11  Other ........................................................... 18 17 18 15 14 15 14 

World ........................................................... R4,952 R5,096 R5,107 R5,133 5,048 R4,941 R4,931 R5,2

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • Coal includes anthracite, subanthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, and

brown coal. • Production from Estonia is oil shale. • Totals may not equal sum of components due toindependent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: United States: Table 7.1. All Other Data: Energ

Energy Annual 2003" (May-July 2005), Table 2.5.
Figure 11.15 World Coal Consumption

World Total, 1980-2003 Selected Countries, 1980-2003Top Consuming Countries, 2003326 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared. Source: Table 11.15.

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

2

46

Billion Short Tons

5.44

in 2003

1980 1985 1990 

0.00.40.8

1.2

1.6

Billion Short Tons

States Africa K

1.53

1.09

0.43

0.27 0.25

0.19 0.18 0.15 0.14

0.08 0.07 

China United India Germany Russia South Japan Poland Australia Greece Turkey U

0.00.40.8

1.2

1.6

Billion Short Tons
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 11.15 World Coal Consumption, 1980-2003

 (Million Short Tons)

Year Australia China Germany 1 Greece India Japan

North

Korea Poland

Former

U.S.S.R. Russia

SouthAfrica Turkey Ukraine

Unit

Kingd

1980 74 679 535 26 130 98 49 221 751 — 105 20 — 11981 75 680 544 30 140 106 51 200 748 — 116 23 — 11982 79 726 548 31 147 105 54 208 771 — 124 26 — 11983 78 768 549 36 160 100 56 213 764 — 127 29 — 11984 81 845 573 36 179 113 57 227 770 — 137 35 — 1985 86 921 579 42 193 119 60 238 779 — 142 46 — 11986 84 962 576 44 209 109 59 247 803 — 145 54 — 11987 93 1,027 565 49 209 111 57 258 807 — 148 54 — 11988 96 1,098 R561 56 228 123 58 253 821 — 151 51 — 11989 104 1,113 553 59 239 123 57 242 777 — 140 60 — 11990 104 1,124 528 59 256 126 54 202 848 — 139 60 — 11991 108 1,165 408 59 271 129 52 202 672 — 144 64 — 11992 111 1,199 362 62 283 125 46 192 — 326 147 66 151 11993 109 1,276 335 62 294 127 42 194 — 313 146 60 R133 1994 110 1,390 314 66 314 137 39 184 — 284 161 66 109 1995 112 R1,495 298 64 332 142 36 R185 — 270 162 67 110 1996 120 R1,509 296 66 332 142 31 R189 — 278 164 73 R75 1997 127 1,450 280 66 359 151 30 182 — 253 172 80 R72 1998 138 1,392 269 68 363 141 27 168 — 238 161 86 R73 1999 141 1,343 R258 68 375 R144 31 R162 — 247 170 84 R72 2000 141 1,282 R270 72 R406 R157 33 R159 — 253 176 89 R73 2001 R141 1,357 R278 75 414 R167 34 R152 — 242 R174 R80 R71 2002 R145 R1,413 R280 R77 R431 R172 R32 149 — R240 172 R72 R69 2003P 144 1,531 273 76 431 176 34 153 — 251 188 71 67 

1 Through 1990, this is East and West Germany. Beginning in 1991, this is unified Germany.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. — = Not applicable. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: United States: Table 7.1. All Other Data: Energ

Energy Annual 2003" (May-July 2005), Table 1.4.
Figure 11.16 World Net Generation of Electricity

Net Generation by Type, 1980, 1990, and 2003 Net Generation by Type by Region, 2003

(Percent of Regional Total)

Top Net Generating Countries, 2003328 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Wood, waste, geothermal, solar, wind, batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased

steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.

(s)=Less than 0.05 trillion kilowatthours.Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Source: Table 11.16.

10.4

2.6 2.5

0.3

7.1

2.1 1.9

0.1

5.6

1.7

0.7

(s)

Fossil Fuels Hydroelectric Power Nuclear Electric Other1

0369

12

Trillion Kilowatthours

1980 1990 2003

3.9

1.8

1.0 0.9

0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5

United China Japan Russia Canada Germany India France

0

1

2

345

Trillion Kilowatthours

66

18

16

North America

C

Power

88

1

11

Middle East and Africa

50

30

20

Western Europe

Easter

States
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 11.16 World Net Generation of Electricity by Type, 1980, 1990, and 2003

 (Billion Kilowatthours)

Region and Country

Fossil Fuels Nuclear Electric Power Hydroelectric Power 1 

1980 1990 2003 P 1980 1990 2003 P 1980 1990 2003 P 

North America ............................................. 1,880.1 2,292.0 3,087.4 287.0 648.9 844.5 546.9 606.5 619.4 

 Canada ....................................................... 79.8 101.9 154.5 35.9 69.2 70.8 251.0 293.9 332.5  Mexico ........................................................ 46.0 85.7 173.3 0.0 2.8 10.0 16.7 23.2 19.7  United States ............................................. 1,753.8 2,103.8 2,758.6 251.1 576.9 763.7 279.2 289.4 267.3  Other ........................................................... 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

Central and South America ....................... 99.8 114.8 221.1 2.2 9.0 20.4 201.5 R 365.1 561.4 

 Argentina .................................................... 22.2 20.9 40.3 2.2 7.0 7.0 17.3 20.2 33.4  Brazil ........................................................... 7.5 8.1 26.7 0.0 1.9 13.4 128.4 204.6 302.9  Paraguay .................................................... R (s) (s) (s) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 R 27.2 51.2  Venezuela ................................................... 17.6 21.0 27.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.4 36.6 59.6  Other ........................................................... 52.4 64.8 126.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 40.6 R 76.4 114.3 

Western Europe .......................................... 1,180.1 R1,171.8 1,496.6 219.2 R 711.3 883.0 431.7 453.4 483.7 

 Belgium ....................................................... 38.3 25.0 31.9 11.9 40.6 45.0 0.3 0.3 0.2  Finland ........................................................ 22.0 22.8 38.6 6.6 18.3 21.6 10.1 10.8 9.3  France ........................................................ 118.0 44.3 55.2 63.4 298.4 419.0 68.3 52.8 58.6  Germany ..................................................... 390.3 358.9 349.0 55.6 145.1 157.0 18.8 17.2 20.8  Italy ............................................................. 125.5 167.5 222.4 2.1 0.0 0.0 45.0 31.3 36.3  Netherlands ................................................ 58.0 63.2 82.0 3.9 3.3 3.8 0.0 0.1 0.1  Norway ....................................................... 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 82.7 119.9 104.4  Spain .......................................................... 74.5 66.5 131.7 5.2 51.6 58.8 29.2 25.2 40.6  Sweden ....................................................... 10.1 3.2 8.7 25.3 64.8 62.2 58.1 71.8 52.5  Switzerland ................................................. 0.9 0.6 1.1 12.9 22.4 26.1 32.5 29.5 34.4  Turkey ......................................................... 12.0 32.3 98.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.2 22.9 35.0  United Kingdom .......................................... 228.9 230.0 273.7 32.3 R 62.5 84.5 3.9 5.1 4.5  Other ........................................................... 101.4 R 157.2 203.5 0.0 4.4 5.0 71.7 66.6 87.0 

Eastern Europe and Former U.S.S.R. ....... 1,309.3 1,471.5 1,090.7 83.2 251.3 305.0 R 210.4 R 251.7 267.8 

 Czech Republic .......................................... — — 51.6 — — 24.6 — — 1.4  Kazakhstan ................................................. — — 50.9 — — 0.0 — — 9.5  Poland ........................................................ 111.1 125.0 138.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 R 2.3 R 1.4 1.7  Romania ..................................................... 51.4 49.7 31.3 0.0 0.0 4.5 12.5 10.9 15.9  Russia ......................................................... — — 571.5 — — 138.4 — — 170.6  Ukraine ....................................................... — — 82.9 — — 76.7 — — 10.3  Other ........................................................... 1,146.8 1,296.7 164.0 83.2 251.3 60.8 195.5 239.4 58.6 

Middle East .................................................. 82.8 R 217.3 483.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.6 12.5 22.5 

 Iran ............................................................. 15.7 49.8 132.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.6 6.0 10.0  Saudi Arabia ............................................... 20.5 64.9 145.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0  Other ........................................................... 46.6 R 102.6 206.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.1 6.5 12.5 

Africa ........................................................... 129.1 R 243.7 372.4 0.0 8.4 12.7 60.1 R 54.8 85.0 

 Egypt .......................................................... 8.6 31.5 71.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.7 9.9 12.6  South Africa ................................................ 92.1 146.6 202.2 0.0 8.4 12.7 1.0 1.0 0.8  Other ........................................................... 28.4 65.6 98.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 49.4 R 43.9 71.6 

Asia and Oceania ........................................ 907.7 1,626.8 3,613.0 92.7 279.9 457.6 R 262.7 R 404.1 606.0 

 Australia ...................................................... 74.5 131.8 197.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.8 14.0 15.9  China .......................................................... 227.9 465.2 1,484.2 0.0 0.0 41.7 57.6 125.1 278.5  India ............................................................ 69.7 198.9 467.7 3.0 5.6 16.4 46.5 70.9 68.5  Indonesia .................................................... 10.6 35.3 94.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 R 2.2 R 6.7 8.4  Japan .......................................................... 381.6 524.0 648.3 78.6 192.2 237.2 87.8 88.4 104.1  South Korea ................................................ 29.8 45.5 197.4 3.3 50.2 123.2 1.5 4.6 4.8  Taiwan ........................................................ 31.3 43.6 121.8 7.8 31.6 37.4 2.9 8.2 6.8  Thailand ...................................................... 12.3 38.7 105.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 4.9 7.2  Other ........................................................... 70.1 143.8 296.7 (s) 0.4 1.8 R 50.0 R 81.2 111.6 

World ........................................................... 5,588.8 R7,138.0 10,364.8 684.4 R1,908.8 2,523.1 R1,722.8 R2,148.2 2,645.8 

1 Excludes pumped storage, except for the United States. 2 Wood, waste, geothermal, solar, wind, batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur,

and miscellaneous technologies are included in total.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. — = Not applicable. (s)=Less than 0.05 billion kilowatthours. 

Note: • Totals may not equal sum of components due to inde

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: United States: Table 8.2a. All Other D

"International Energy Annual 2003" (May-July 2005), Tables 2.6, 
Figure 11.17 World Electrical Installed Capacity by Type

By Type, 1980, 1990, and 2003Installed Capacity and Net Generation Shares by Type, 2003330 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Wood, waste, geothermal, solar, wind, batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased

steam, sulfur, and miscellaneous technologies.

Note: Shares are based on data prior to rounding for publi

100 percent.

Sources: Tables 11.16 and 11.17.

2,470

740

369

1,738

593

323

1,348

457

136 5

Fossil Fuels Hydroelectric Power Nuclear Electric Power 

0

600

1,2001,8002,4003,000

Million Kilowatts

1980 1990 2003

65

17 16

68

20

10

Fossil Fuels Hydroelectric Power Nuclear Electric Power 

0

20406080

Percent of Total

Installed Capacity Net Generation
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 11.17 World Electrical Installed Capacity by Type, 1980, 1990, and 2003

 (Million Kilowatts)

Region and Country

Fossil Fuels Nuclear Electric Power Hydroelectric Power 1 

1980 1990 2003 P 1980 1990 2003 P 1980 1990 2003 P 

North America ............................................. 481.7 R 574.9 799.2 57.7 112.2 111.2 135.7 159.1 178.1 

 Canada ....................................................... 26.6 28.0 33.7 5.9 11.9 10.6 47.9 57.9 69.2  Mexico ........................................................ 10.8 18.9 34.0 0.0 0.7 1.4 6.1 7.8 9.6  United States 3 ........................................... 444.1 527.8 731.2 51.8 99.6 99.2 81.7 93.4 99.2  Other ........................................................... 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

Central and South America ....................... 36.0 44.9 72.9 0.4 1.7 3.0 43.0 84.1 119.6 

 Argentina .................................................... 8.0 9.5 17.0 0.4 1.0 1.0 3.6 6.6 9.8  Brazil ........................................................... 4.1 4.7 10.6 0.0 0.7 2.0 27.5 44.8 65.3  Paraguay .................................................... 0.1 (s) (s) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 5.8 7.4  Venezuela ................................................... 5.8 8.5 8.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.7 10.0 12.5  Other ........................................................... 18.0 22.1 37.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.0 16.9 24.6 

Western Europe .......................................... 291.8 315.8 362.1 44.7 117.7 128.7 126.7 140.5 152.9 

 Belgium ....................................................... 8.2 7.2 8.1 1.7 5.5 5.8 0.7 0.1 0.1  Finland ........................................................ 6.3 7.8 10.9 2.2 2.4 2.7 2.4 2.6 3.0  France ........................................................ 30.1 22.8 26.8 14.4 52.5 63.3 16.4 20.3 21.1  Germany ..................................................... 84.1 87.5 79.2 10.4 24.5 23.4 7.9 8.7 4.9  Italy ............................................................. 27.6 37.5 53.7 1.4 0.0 0.0 15.8 12.6 13.6  Netherlands ................................................ 16.9 16.8 19.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.0 (s) (s)  Norway ....................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.8 25.7 26.3  Spain .......................................................... 13.9 19.9 29.0 1.1 7.5 7.6 13.5 11.6 15.6  Sweden ....................................................... 7.9 7.2 6.9 4.6 9.9 9.5 14.9 15.8 16.5  Switzerland ................................................. 0.6 0.8 0.5 1.9 3.0 3.2 11.5 10.1 13.3  Turkey ......................................................... 3.0 9.2 19.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 6.6 12.2  United Kingdom .......................................... 65.6 59.1 58.7 6.5 11.4 12.2 2.5 1.4 1.6  Other ........................................................... 27.3 39.9 49.2 0.0 0.7 0.7 19.3 25.0 24.7 

Eastern Europe and Former U.S.S.R. ....... 261.1 311.1 299.4 14.2 45.8 49.4 61.0 77.0 80.1 

 Czech Republic .......................................... — — 11.4 — — 3.8 — — 1.0  Kazakhstan ................................................. — — 14.9 — — 0.0 — — 2.2  Poland ........................................................ 23.0 26.1 28.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.6 0.8  Romania ..................................................... 12.7 17.3 13.4 0.0 0.0 0.7 3.5 5.6 6.2  Russia ......................................................... — — 147.2 — — 22.3 — — 44.8  Ukraine ....................................................... — — 36.2 — — 11.9 — — 4.8  Other ........................................................... 225.5 267.7 47.7 14.2 45.8 10.8 56.9 70.7 20.2 

Middle East .................................................. 27.9 68.2 101.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.6 4.8 5.1 

 Iran ............................................................. 9.4 15.5 32.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8 2.0 3.0  Saudi Arabia ............................................... 5.9 19.1 24.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0  Other ........................................................... 12.5 33.7 45.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 2.8 2.1 

Africa ........................................................... 30.5 57.4 81.3 0.0 1.8 1.8 13.9 18.5 21.1 

 Egypt .......................................................... 2.4 8.7 14.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 2.7 2.7  South Africa ................................................ 17.8 28.6 38.0 0.0 1.8 1.8 0.5 0.6 0.7  Other ........................................................... 10.3 20.1 28.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.9 15.2 17.7 

Asia and Oceania ........................................ 218.9 365.5 753.2 18.5 43.9 74.4 74.4 109.3 182.9 

 Australia ...................................................... 17.6 27.8 40.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.2 7.3 6.1  China .......................................................... 45.6 92.1 265.5 0.0 0.0 4.5 20.3 34.6 86.1  India ............................................................ 20.7 51.9 95.0 0.9 1.6 2.7 11.8 18.3 26.9  Indonesia .................................................... 3.9 9.6 19.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 3.0 4.4  Japan .......................................................... 94.3 119.1 172.9 15.7 29.4 45.9 19.6 20.4 21.7  South Korea ................................................ 6.5 11.0 38.9 0.6 7.6 15.7 0.8 1.3 1.6  Taiwan ........................................................ 6.9 10.2 22.3 1.3 5.1 5.1 1.4 2.6 4.5  Thailand ...................................................... 2.6 6.0 21.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 2.3 2.9  Other ........................................................... 20.9 37.8 77.4 0.1 0.1 0.5 12.1 19.6 28.6 

World ........................................................... 1,347.9 R1,737.9 2,469.9 R135.5 R323.1 368.5 R 457.2 R593.2 739.8 

1 Excludes pumped storage, except for the United States. 2 Wood, waste, geothermal, solar, wind, batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur,

and miscellaneous technologies are included in total. 3 Net summer capability. See Table 8.11a.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. — = Not applicable. (s)=Less than 0.05 million kilowatts. 

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepeWeb Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: United States: Table 8.11a All Other Da

"International Energy Annual 2003" (May-July 2005), Tables 6.4, 
Figure 11.18 World Nuclear Electricity Net Generation

By Region, 2003 Top Net Generating Countries, 1994-2003Top Net Generating Countries, 2003332 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be compared. Source: Table 11.18.

865 883

305

470

North, Central, Western E. Europe Asia, Oceania,

0

250500750

1,000

Billion Kilowatthours

and South

America

Europe

1994 1996 1998 

0

300600900

Billion Kilowatthours

and Former

U.S.S.R.

and Africa

764

419

237

157 138 123

85 77 71 62 59 45 42 37 

United France Japan Germany Russia South United Ukraine Canada Sweden Spain Belgium China Taiwan 

0

200400600800

Billion Kilowatthours

States Korea Kingdom 
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 11.18 World Nuclear Electricity Net Generation, 1994-2003

 (Billion Kilowatthours)

Region and Country 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 200

North America ............................................. 746.9 774.4 770.3 716.4 750.2 807.6 R830.9 85

 Canada ....................................................... 102.4 93.0 88.1 77.9 67.7 69.8 R69.2 7 Mexico ........................................................ 4.0 8.0 7.5 9.9 8.8 9.5 7.8  United States ............................................. 640.4 673.4 674.7 628.6 673.7 728.3 753.9 76

Central and South America ....................... 7.9 9.5 9.2 10.5 10.3 10.5 10.9 2

 Argentina .................................................... 7.8 7.1 6.9 7.5 7.1 6.7 6.0  Brazil ........................................................... 0.1 2.4 2.3 3.0 3.1 3.8 4.9 1

Western Europe .......................................... R779.3 R797.0 R835.4 R845.0 R840.2 R852.9 R850.4 R87

 Belgium ....................................................... 38.6 39.3 41.2 45.0 43.9 46.6 45.7 4 Finland ........................................................ 18.5 18.3 18.5 19.0 20.8 21.8 R21.4 R2 France ........................................................ 342.0 358.4 377.5 R375.7 368.6 R374.5 394.4 R40 Germany ..................................................... 143.2 145.4 152.0 161.8 153.6 R161.5 R161.1 R16 Netherlands ................................................ 3.8 3.8 4.0 2.3 3.6 3.6 3.7  Slovenia ...................................................... 4.3 R4.6 4.4 4.8 R4.8 4.5 4.5  Spain .......................................................... 52.5 52.7 53.5 52.5 56.0 55.9 R59.1 6 Sweden ....................................................... 69.5 66.4 R70.6 R66.4 69.9 R69.5 R54.5 R6 Switzerland ................................................. 23.1 23.7 23.9 R24.1 24.5 R24.5 R25.1 2 United Kingdom .......................................... R83.9 R84.5 R89.9 R93.2 R94.5 R90.4 R80.8 R8

Eastern Europe and Former U.S.S.R. ...... 217.7 224.3 249.8 250.3 240.9 248.6 R268.3 27

 Armenia ...................................................... 0.0 0.0 2.1 1.4 1.4 2.1 1.8  Bulgaria ...................................................... 14.6 16.4 17.8 16.4 16.1 15.0 17.3 1 Czech Republic .......................................... 12.3 11.6 12.2 12.5 12.5 12.7 12.9 1 Hungary ...................................................... 13.3 13.3 13.5 13.3 13.3 13.4 13.5 1 Kazakhstan ................................................. 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 R (s) 0.0  Lithuania ..................................................... 7.3 10.6 12.7 10.9 12.9 9.9 8.4 1 Romania .................................................... — — 0.9 5.1 4.9 4.8 5.2  Russia ......................................................... 92.9 94.3 103.3 104.5 98.3 110.9 122.5 12 Slovakia ...................................................... 11.5 10.9 11.3 10.5 10.8 12.5 R15.7 1 Ukraine ....................................................... 65.4 67.0 76.0 75.4 70.6 67.4 71.1 7

Africa ........................................................... 9.7 11.3 11.8 12.6 13.6 12.8 13.0 1

 South Africa ................................................ 9.7 11.3 11.8 12.6 13.6 12.8 13.0 1

Asia and Oceania ........................................ 363.6 393.6 415.0 R436.5 460.8 461.2 R476.8 R48

 China .......................................................... 13.5 12.4 13.6 11.4 13.5 14.1 R15.9 R1 India ............................................................ 4.7 6.5 7.4 10.5 10.6 11.5 14.1 1 Japan .......................................................... 255.7 276.7 287.1 R306.2 315.7 300.8 R305.9 R30 Pakistan ...................................................... 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.4  South Korea ................................................ 55.7 63.7 70.2 73.2 85.2 97.9 103.5 10 Taiwan ........................................................ 33.5 33.9 36.3 34.8 35.4 36.9 37.0 3

World ........................................................... R2,125.2 R2,210.0 R2,291.5 R2,271.3 R2,316.0 R2,393.6 R2,450.3 R2,51

R=Revised. — = Not applicable. (s) = Less than 0.05 billion kilowatthours. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/international.

Source: Energy Information Administration, "International En

2.7.
Figure 11.19 World Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption

World, 1994-2003 World by Region, 2003 Top Countries, 2003334 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

America Europe Europe 

and Former

U.S.S.R.

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by 12/44. Notes: • Data include carbon dioxide emissions from foss

natural gas venting and flaring. • Because vertical scales difcompared.

Source: Table 11.19.

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

05

1015202530

Billion Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide1 25.16 billion metric tons in 2003

and South

America

6.8

1.0

3.9

3.1

North Central Western Eastern 

0369

Billion Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide1

5.8

3.5

1.6

1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 

United China Russia Japan India Germany Canada United South Italy Sou

0

1

2

34567

Billion Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide1

States Kingdom Korea Afric
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 11.19 World Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption, 1994-2003

 (Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide 1

)

Region and Country 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 200

North America ............................................. R6,067 R6,108 6,323 R6,431 R6,490 R6,562 R6,762 R6,6

 Canada ....................................................... R497 R501 R516 R541 R544 R549 R566 R5 Mexico ........................................................ R334 319 R329 347 R368 R361 R380 R3 United States 2 ........................................... R5,235 R5,288 R5,476 5,543 R5,577 R5,651 R5,815 R5,7 Other ........................................................... 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 

Central and South America ....................... R807 R852 R897 942 968 R975 R991 1,0

 Argentina .................................................... R116 R119 129 129 R135 R139 R137 1 Brazil ........................................................... R268 R288 R305 R323 R322 R334 R345 R3 Venezuela ................................................... R119 123 132 134 141 132 133 R14 Other ........................................................... 304 321 330 R355 R370 R370 R375 R3

Western Europe .......................................... 3,490 R3,553 R3,655 R3,695 R3,745 R3,696 R3,780 R3,8

 Belgium ....................................................... 128 130 R137 141 146 R138 144 14 France ........................................................ R359 R373 388 R382 R407 401 R400 R4 Germany ..................................................... 867 R876 R882 R876 R862 R830 R845 R8 Italy ............................................................. R400 R428 R420 R420 R437 R437 R444 R44 Netherlands ................................................ R221 R221 R226 R237 R239 R236 249 R2 Spain .......................................................... R233 R240 R236 R263 R274 R296 R314 R3 Turkey ......................................................... 139 R152 R167 R180 182 R180 R200 R1 United Kingdom .......................................... R567 R555 584 R560 R557 R550 R551 R5 Other ........................................................... R576 R580 614 R636 R640 R629 R633 R64

Eastern Europe and Former U.S.S.R. ....... R3,296 R3,175 R3,125 R2,941 R2,891 R2,972 R2,998 R2,9

 Kazakhstan ................................................. R154 129 140 R118 R114 R131 R139 R1 Poland ........................................................ 320 R306 R342 R334 R312 R325 R290 R2 Romania ..................................................... 117 123 125 R119 R100 R91 R92 R1 Russia ......................................................... R1,689 R1,591 R1,570 R1,457 R1,463 R1,536 R1,555 R1,5 Ukraine ....................................................... R439 R448 R362 R339 R333 R337 R338 R3 Uzbekistan .................................................. 97 104 103 103 101 R102 106 R1 Other .......................................................... R480 R474 R483 R471 R469 R449 R477 R4

Middle East ................................................ R884 R899 R932 R986 R1,018 R1,059 R1,087 R1,1

 Iran ........................................................... R249 260 261 288 R292 R315 R318 R3 Saudi Arabia ............................................... R238 R233 R248 R253 R256 R262 R288 R2 Other ...................................................... R397 406 R423 R444 469 R482 R480 R4

Africa .......................................................... R804 817 R835 R860 850 864 R881 R9

 Egypt .......................................................... R98 98 107 111 R114 114 R118 R1 South Africa ................................................ 344 344 349 380 362 375 R384 R3 Other .......................................................... R363 375 R379 R369 374 R375 R379 R3

Asia and Oceania ........................................ R6,317 R6,630 R6,754 R7,057 R6,877 R7,047 R7,351 R7,5

 Australia ...................................................... R279 R288 R300 R329 R336 R354 R356 R3 China .......................................................... R2,796 R2,865 R2,903 R3,038 R2,940 R2,905 R3,033 R3,1 India ............................................................ R729 867 830 873 898 R932 R998 1,0 Indonesia .................................................... R208 213 235 245 239 263 275 R2 Japan .......................................................... 1,102 R1,091 R1,120 R1,156 R1,104 R1,130 R1,167 R1,1 Malaysia ..................................................... 89 89 101 101 102 106 R111 R1 South Korea ................................................ R354 R393 R400 R429 369 R419 R438 R4 Taiwan ........................................................ R161 181 195 207 R219 R220 R248 R24 Thailand ...................................................... R127 156 169 R175 R161 R170 R160 R1 Other .......................................................... R473 R486 R501 R503 R509 R548 R565 R5

World ......................................................... R21,666 R22,035 R22,521 R22,912 R22,839 R23,175 R23,849 R24,1

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by

12/44. For data in million metric tons carbon equivalent, see the "International Energy Annual 2003"(May-July 2005), Table H.1. 2 Data for the United States in this table differ from those in Table 12.1 due to: the inclusion ofemissions from bunker fuels consumption; the exclusion of emissions from geothermal power generation,cement production and other industrial processes, and municipal solid waste combustion; and the exclusionof data for the U.S. Territories.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • Data include carbon dioxide emissions from fossi

venting and flaring. • See Note 2, "World Carbon Dioxide Emisequal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSource: Energy Information Administration, "International En

H.1co2.
International Energy

Note 1. World Primary Energy Production. World primary energy productionincludes production of crude oil (including lease condensate), natural gas plantliquids, dry natural gas, and coal; and net electricity generation from nuclear electric

power, hydroelectric power, wood, waste, geothermal, solar, and wind. Data for theUnited States also include other renewable energy. Crude oil production is measured at the wellhead and includes lease condensate. Natural gas plant liquids areproducts obtained from processing natural gas at natural gas processing plants,including natural gas plants, cycling plants, and fractionators. Dry natural gasproduction is that amount of natural gas produced that is available to be marketedand consumed as a gas. Coal (anthracite, bituminous, subbituminous, and lignite)production is the sum of sales, mine consumption, issues to miners, and issues tocoking, briquetting, and other ancillary plants at mines. Coal production data

include quantities extracted from surface and underground mines and normallyexclude wastes removed at mines or associated preparation plants. The data ongeneration of electricity from nuclear electric power, hydroelectric power, wood,waste, geothermal, solar, and wind include data reported on a net basis, thus

excluding electricity that is generally used by the eloperating purposes or electricity losses in the transfo

gral parts of the station.Note 2. World Carbon Dioxide Emissions. In Tabide emissions include anthropogenic (human-caused) tion of petroleum, natural gas, and coal, and also flaring. They do not include carbon dioxide emisgeneration, cement production and other industrial pwaste combustion. Fossil-fuel consumption and natur

country have been reduced to account for the fraction the case of petroleum, for the fraction of sequestradioxide emissions have been determined by applyinto the adjusted consumption and flaring data. Carpetroleum and natural gas consumption and natura

Information Administration (EIA), Documentation 

Gases in the United States 2003 (May 2005), Table cients for coal consumption are from EIA, Emission

United States 1985-1990 (October 1993), Table 11.

336 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004
Environmental Indicator

12

“Harpers Ferry, Junction of the Rivers Shenandoah and Potomac.” Engraving by W. Goodacre and Jamand Topography of the United States of North America, by John Howard Hinton, 1852. From the collection ers Ferry National Historical Park, Accession #1297.
Figure 12.1 Emissions of Greenhouse Gases

By Type of Gas, 2003 Based on Global Warming Potential, by Type oBased on Global Warming Potential, 1980-2003 Change 1990-2003, Based on Global Warming 338 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by 12/44.2 Methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur

hexafluoride (SF6).

(s)=Less than 0.005 billion metric tons of gas.– = Not applicable because these gases cannot be summed in native units.

Notes: • HFCs=hydrofluorocarbons; PFCs=perfluorocarbo

 • Emissions by type of gas should not be compared; for comglobal warming potential by type of gas. • Because vertical scompared. 

Source: Table 12.1.

PFCs

SF6

Total

5.87

0.03 (s) –

Carbon Dioxide1 Methane Nitrous Oxide HFCs

0

1

2

34567

Billion Metric Tons of Gas5.87

0.60

Carbon Dioxide1 Methane Nitro

0

2

468

Billion Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide Equivalent

Other2

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

2

468

Million Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide Equivalent +18 -15 -3 

Carbon Methane Nitrous 

-30 -1501530456075 -30

Percent Carbon Dioxide

Dioxide 

Oxide
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 12.1 Emissions of Greenhouse Gases, 1980-2003

Year

Greenhouse Gases

(million metric tons of gas)

Greenhouse Gases, Based on Global Warmi

(million metric tons carbon dioxide equ

Carbon

Dioxide 2,3 Methane

Nitrous

Oxide

HFCs

PFCs

SF6

Carbon

Dioxide 2 Methane

Nitrous

Oxide

1980 R4,824.7 R28.6 R1.0 — R4,824.7 R658.0 R287.0 1981 R4,704.3 R29.2 R1.0 — R4,704.3 R671.1 R292.0 1982 R4,448.8 R29.4 R1.0 — R4,448.8 R676.8 R282.6 1983 R4,408.0 R29.1 R0.9 — R4,408.0 R669.9 R270.2 1984 R4,655.8 R29.8 R1.0 — R4,655.8 R684.5 R294.0 1985 R4,638.3 R30.0 R1.1 — R4,638.3 R689.7 R330.7 1986 R4,642.5 R29.4 R1.1 — R4,642.5 R676.5 R323.8 1987 R4,800.2 R29.9 R1.1 — R4,800.2 R688.3 R323.4 1988 R5,012.6 R30.1 R1.1 — R5,012.6 R692.0 R316.9 1989 R5,105.8 R30.2 R1.1 — R5,105.8 R693.8 R332.8 1990 R4,990.1 R30.8 1.1 — R4,990.1 R707.8 R328.7 1991 R4,952.8 R30.9 1.1 — R4,952.8 R710.0 R334.0 1992 R5,066.5 R30.9 R1.1 — R5,066.5 R710.9 R340.1 1993 R5,173.5 R29.8 1.2 — R5,173.5 R685.6 R341.3 1994 R5,256.3 R29.8 R1.2 — R5,256.3 R684.6 R363.5 1995 R5,306.7 R29.6 1.2 — R5,306.7 R681.6 R347.9 1996 R5,495.5 R28.3 1.2 — R5,495.5 R650.5 R346.5 1997 R5,558.1 R28.2 R1.1 — R5,558.1 R647.7 R337.0 1998 R5,590.7 R27.2 R1.1 — R5,590.7 R624.6 R336.4 1999 R5,671.6 R26.6 R1.1 — R5,671.6 R612.3 R335.2 2000 R5,844.8 R26.7 R1.1 — R5,844.8 R614.7 R331.2 2001 R5,777.0 R26.0 1.1 — R5,777.0 R598.3 R325.6 2002 R5,824.8 R26.1 1.1 — R5,824.8 R599.2 R323.2 2003P 5,870.2 26.2 1.1 — 5,870.2 601.9 320.2 

1 Emissions of greenhouse gases were weighted based upon their relative global warming potential

(GWP), with carbon dioxide equal to a weight of one. The use of updated estimates of GWP resulted in anumber of revisions to previously published data. It is also important to note that revisions in estimatedemissions result from revisions in energy consumption as well.

2 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by

12/44.

3 Carbon dioxide data in this table differ from those for the United States in Table 11.19 due to: the

exclusion of emissions from international bunker fuels consumption; the inclusion of emissions fromgeothermal power generation, cement production and other industrial processes, and municipal solid wastecombustion; and the inclusion of data for the U.S. Territories.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. — = Not applicable because these gases cannot be summed in native units.

Notes: • HFCs = hydrofluorocarbons; PFCs = perfluoro

• Emissions are from anthropogenic sources. "Anthropogenicactivities, including emissions from agricultural activity and dosources, such as wetlands and wild animals, are not included. • estimation methods for greenhouse gases, data are frequently the latest findings of the international scientific community.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: 1990 and 1995-2003: Energy Information Admi

Gases in the United States 2003 (December 2004), Tables ES1 of Greenhouse Gases in the United States, annual reports and u
Figure 12.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector

Total, 1980-2003 Economic Growth and Carbon Dioxide EmissioBy End-Use Sector, 1980-2003 By End-Use Sector, 2003340 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

2004: 5.8 Billion

Metric Tons

1990: 5.0 Billion

Metric Tons

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by 12/44. 2 Based on chained (2000) dollars. 3 Electric power sector emissions are distributed across the 

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Sources: Tables 1.5 and 12.2.

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

1

2

3456

Billion Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide

Inflation

Gross Dome

1980 1985 1990 

0

255075

100125150

Index 1990=100

1.9

1.7

Transportation3 Industrial3 Res

0.00.51.01.52.0

Billion Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide1Industrial3 Transportation3

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0.00.51.01.52.0

Billion Metric Tons Carbon Dioxide1 Residential3 Commercial3
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 12.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector, 1980-2003

 (Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide 1

)

Year

End-Use Sectors

Residential Commercial 2 Industrial 3 Transportation

Primary 5 Total 6 Primary 5 Total 6 Primary 5 Total 6 Primary 5 Total 6 

1980 R385.2 R909.0 244.5 652.5 R1,192.8 R1,787.7 1,383.9 1,386.2 1981 R360.8 R877.8 225.8 652.2 R1,123.3 R1,714.2 1,369.4 1,371.7 1982 R359.1 R872.2 R226.1 654.1 R983.2 R1,506.9 1,338.3 1,340.5 1983 R340.4 R866.4 225.7 660.5 R923.2 R1,466.7 1,343.0 1,345.3 1984 R348.8 R885.8 236.2 R693.7 R1,036.0 R1,612.6 R1,387.2 1,389.6 1985 R351.4 R899.7 217.9 694.0 R990.0 R1,567.6 1,406.3 1,408.9 1986 R342.5 R895.2 R216.2 698.8 R963.2 R1,523.4 1,460.2 1,462.9 1987 R345.8 R921.9 R220.0 724.6 R1,004.3 R1,585.6 1,504.4 1,506.9 1988 R366.7 R969.6 230.1 760.0 R1,054.1 R1,659.3 1,564.1 1,566.8 1989 R371.6 R994.8 229.9 R788.5 R1,045.4 R1,682.3 1,581.5 1,584.3 1990 R339.3 R948.3 224.1 R777.2 R1,063.8 R1,686.9 1,566.8 1,569.5 1991 R346.8 R967.6 225.5 R781.7 R1,030.0 R1,644.8 1,546.8 1,549.4 1992 R356.8 R968.5 225.8 R781.8 R1,088.8 R1,724.4 1,567.9 1,570.5 1993 R371.8 R1,027.6 R223.2 R807.0 R1,061.6 R1,705.5 1,588.1 1,590.6 1994 R364.0 R1,020.9 225.6 R820.3 R1,078.2 R1,734.4 1,628.4 1,631.7 1995 R360.5 R1,026.5 228.4 R837.3 R1,085.0 R1,731.6 1,658.3 1,661.4 1996 R388.5 R1,086.1 R237.0 R868.5 R1,121.1 R1,784.8 1,702.1 1,705.3 1997 R370.2 R1,077.5 237.1 R911.9 R1,121.5 R1,800.1 1,719.5 1,722.7 1998 R338.2 R1,083.3 219.6 R930.3 R1,090.7 R1,783.8 1,754.6 1,757.9 1999 R358.8 R1,107.1 222.2 R943.7 R1,081.2 R1,772.9 1,802.7 1,806.0 2000 R378.7 R1,170.4 R234.6 R1,004.3 R1,068.4 R1,775.0 R1,840.7 R1,844.2 2001 R366.6 R1,163.3 R227.7 R1,021.0 R1,052.6 R1,691.4 R1,832.1 R1,835.8 2002 R368.3 R1,193.9 R225.9 R1,019.8 R1,038.0 R1,671.5 R1,862.6 R1,866.0 2003P 381.3 1,214.8 229.0 1,025.7 1,020.6 1,666.2 1,871.3 1,874.7 

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by

12/44.

2 Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial

electricity-only plants.

3 Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only

plants.

4 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North American

Industry Classification System) 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity andheat, to the public.

5 Carbon dioxide emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels. The electric power sector also has a

small amount of emissions from geothermal power generation and the combustion of the plasticscomponent of municipal solid waste.

6 In addition to "Primary" emissions, also includes emissions from energy consumption (for electricity

and a small amount of useful thermal output) in the electric 

end-use sectors in proportion to each sector’s share of total elec

7 The sum of "Primary" emissions in the five energy-use sec

the four end-use sectors.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Notes: • See Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into 

• Because of the continuing goal to improve estimation methods revised on an annual basis in keeping with the latest findings • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent 

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: 1990 and 1995-2003: Energy Information Admi

Gases in the United States 2003 (December 2004), Tables 6Greenhouse Gases in the United States, annual reports and unp
Figure 12.3 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector by Energy Sou

By End-Use Sector Total by Fuel By Petroleum ProductBy End-Use Sector and Source342 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

229

136

109

93

12

149

Motor Gasoline

Distillate Fuel Oil

Jet Fuel

Residual Fuel Oil

Petroleum Coke

Lubricants

0 3

Million M

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by 12/44. 2 Emissions in the electric power sector are distributed across the end-use sectors.3 Coal coke net imports, municipal solid waste, and geothermal.

4 Liquefied petroleum gases.5 Aviation gasoline, kerosene, and other products.6 Small amounts of coal consumed for transportation are re

Source: Table 12.3.

dential2

2,498

1,179

2,095

9

Petro- Natural Coal Other3

0

500

1,0001,5002,0002,5003,000

Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide1 1,215 1,026 1,666

1,875

Resi- Com- Indus- Trans0

500

1,0001,5002,000

Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide1

mercial2 trial2 portation2 leum Gas

LPG4

834 797

646

1 9 

180

277

171

421

103 50

413

1,836

Residential2 Commercial2 Industrial2 

0

500

1,0001,5002,000

Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide1Petroleum Natural Gas Coal Electric Power Sector Generation

Other

5
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 12.3 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Energy Consumption by Sector by Energy Source, 2

 (Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide 1

)

Energy Source

End-Use Sectors 

Residential Commercial 

2 Industrial 3 Transportation Total

 Petroleum .................................................. 103.3 49.6 413.2 1,835.8 2,402.0  Aviation Gasoline .................................... — — — 2.2 2.2  Distillate Fuel Oil ..................................... 64.5 33.3 89.9 404.5 592.3  Jet Fuel ................................................... — — — 228.6 228.6  Kerosene ................................................ 5.1 1.7 1.3 — 8.1  Liquefied Petroleum Gases .................... 33.7 5.9 52.5 0.8 93.0  Lubricants ............................................... — — 5.9 5.6 11.5  Motor Gasoline ....................................... — 2.7 21.5 1,143.7 1,167.9  Petroleum Coke ...................................... — — 92.0 — 92.0  Residual Fuel Oil .................................... — 5.9 12.0 50.4 68.3  Other ....................................................... — — 138.1 — 138.1  Natural Gas ............................................... 276.8 170.5 421.3 35.4 904.1  Coal ........................................................... 1.1 8.9 180.3 5 ( ) 190.3  Coal Coke Net Imports .............................. — — 5.8 — 5.8  Municipal Solid Waste 6 ............................. — — — — —  Geothermal ................................................ — — — — — 

Primary ........................................................ 381.3 229.0 1,020.6 1,871.3 3,502.1 

 Electric Power Sector Generation 7 ........... 833.5 796.7 645.6 3.5 2,279.3 

Total ............................................................. 1,214.8 1,025.7 1,666.2 1,874.7 5,781.4 

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by

12/44.

2 Commercial sector, including commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial

electricity-only plants.

3 Industrial sector, including industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only

plants.

4 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North American

Industry Classification System) 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity andheat, to the public.

5 Small amounts of coal consumed for transportation are reported as industrial sector consumption. 6 The plastics component of municipal solid waste. 7 Emissions from energy consumption (for electricity and a small amount of useful thermal output) in the

electric power sector are allocated to the end-use sectors in 

electricity retail sales (see Table 8.9).

— = Not applicable. Notes: • Data are preliminary estimates. • Emissions from 

manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels asource—i.e., petroleum, natural gas, or coal. • See Note Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8. • Totals may not eqrounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSource: Energy Information Administration (EIA), Emissions 

2003 (December 2004), Tables 7-11 and unpublished revisions. 
Figure 12.4 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Consumption of Energy for All Purposes in the 

Sector, 2002

Carbon Dioxide Emissions by Top Industry Groups Carbon Dioxide EmisCarbon Dioxide Emissions per Unit of Primary Consumption, Top Industry Groups344 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by 12/44. 2 All other types of energy that respondents indicated were consumed or allocated.

3 Including allocated electricity losses.

Source: Table 12.4.

Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide1

Emissions per Quadrillion Btu3

(23%)

(18%)

(14%

311.0 304.8

212.8

102.4 94.7 91.1

45.7 44.2

Chemicals Petroleum Primary Paper Food Nonmetallic Transpor- Plastics

0

50

100150200250300350

Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide1 

Coa

203

Petroleum

258

Natural Gas

326

and Coal

Products

Metals Mineral

Products

tation

Equipment

and Rubber

Products

laneous

Total E

1,401 million metr

68.9 68.2

62.6 62.3 62.1 61.6 61.2 61.1 60.8 60.7 60.4 60.1 59.7 59.6

Primary Nonmetallic Plastics Computer Textile Fabricated Printing Textile Machinery Miscel- Beverage Food Apparel Trans- 

0

20406080

All Manufacturing Industries: 49.6

and

Electronic

Products

portatio

Equipme

Metal Mills

Products

and

Related

Support

and

Tobacco

Products

and

 Rubber

Products

Metals Product

Mills

Mineral

Products
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 12.4 Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Consumption of Energy for All Purposes in the Manu

 (Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide,1 Except as Noted)

NAICS 2

Code Major Group 

Carbon Dioxide Emissions 

Coal Natural Gas Petroleum Electricity 3 Other 4 Total 

 311 Food ................................................................................. 17.3 30.7 2.9 43.8 0.1 94.7  312 Beverage and Tobacco Products ..................................... 1.6 2.4 0.4 4.9 (s) 9.4  313 Textile Mills ....................................................................... 2.1 4.0 0.6 16.4 0.0 23.0  314 Textile Product Mills ......................................................... 0.7 1.5 0.3 3.2 0.0 5.8  315 Apparel ............................................................................. 0.0 0.8 0.1 2.3 0.0 3.2  316 Leather and Allied Products ............................................. 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.6  321 Wood Products ................................................................. 0.1 3.0 1.2 13.7 0.4 18.4  322 Paper ................................................................................ 22.5 26.6 10.0 42.4 0.8 102.4  323 Printing and Related Support ........................................... 0.0 2.4 0.1 9.5 0.0 12.0  324 Petroleum and Coal Products ........................................... 19.3 46.4 153.9 24.6 60.8 304.8  325 Chemicals ......................................................................... 32.8 106.2 70.2 99.4 2.4 311.0  326 Plastics and Rubber Products .......................................... 2.1 6.8 0.9 34.5 (s) 44.2  327 Nonmetallic Mineral Products ........................................... 30.1 22.3 11.4 26.8 0.4 91.1  331 Primary Metals .................................................................. 72.4 37.2 2.4 93.8 7.0 212.8  332 Fabricated Metal Products ................................................ 0.8 11.1 0.9 30.6 0.0 43.4  333 Machinery ......................................................................... 0.1 4.3 0.4 16.0 (s) 20.8  334 Computer and Electronic Products ................................... 0.0 3.4 0.2 24.9 (s) 28.5  335 Electrical Equipment, Appliances, and Components ........ 0.0 2.8 0.1 8.9 2.3 14.2  336 Transportation Equipment ................................................ 1.0 10.7 1.2 32.7 0.1 45.7  337 Furniture and Related Products ........................................ 0.1 1.3 0.1 4.6 0.1 6.3  339 Miscellaneous ................................................................... 0.0 1.7 0.1 6.7 0.0 8.5  — Total Manufacturing .......................................................... 202.8 325.9 257.6 540.7 74.2 1,401.2 

1 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by

12/44.

2 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). 3 Carbon dioxide emitted from energy inputs used to produce electricity (including associated losses),

derived by calculating the manufacturing subsector share of the electric power sector’s total carbon dioxideemissions based upon the weighted share of electricity retail sales to (receipts by) the manufacturingsubsector.

4 Includes all other types of energy that respondents indicated were consumed or allocated, such as

asphalt and road oil, lubricants, naphtha < 401° F, other oils >= 401° F, special naphthas, waxes, andmiscellaneous nonfuel products, which are nonfuel products assigned to the petroleum refining industrygroup (NAICS 324110).

5 Data are in million metric tons of carbon dioxide per quadrillion Btu of energy (including allocated

electricity losses).

6 Data are in metric tons of carbon dioxide per million chained 

(s)=Less than 0.05 million metric tons. Notes: • Data are estimates for the first use of energy for 

material inputs. "First use" is the consumption of energy thproduced onsite from input materials not classified as enerconsumption data have been made since the estimates in this would likely not have a discernible effect on the estimates spoint-of-use to primary electricity using Table A6 of this report. use. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to indepen

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-846, 

Survey," Form EIA-810, "Monthly Refinery Report" (for 200Greenhouse Gases in the United States 2003 (May 2005).
Figure 12.5 Methane Emissions

Total, 1980-2003 By Source, 2003Energy Sources by Type 1980-2003 Agricultural Sources by Type, 1980-2003346 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Methane emitted as a product of digestion in animals such as cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats,

and camels. 

Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Source: Table 12.5.

Sources Sources Mana

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

10203040

Million Metric Tons of Methane 30.8 in 1990

11.1

8.0

Energy Agricultural W

0369

12

Million Metric Tons of Methane 26.2 in 2003

Stationary Combustion

Animal Wa

Rice Cultiv

Natural Gas Systems

Coal Mining

Mobile Combustion

Enteric Fermentatio

Petroleum Systems

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

2

468

Million Metric Tons of Methane

1980 1985 1990 

0

2

468

Million Metric Tons of Methane
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 12.5 Methane Emissions, 1980-2003

 (Million Metric Tons of Methane)

Year

Energy Sources Waste Management Agricultural Sources

Coal

Mining

Natural

Gas

Systems 1

Petroleum

Systems 2

Mobile

Combustion 3

Stationary

Combustion 4 Total Landfills

Wastewater

Treatment Total

Enteric

Fermentation 5 Animal Waste Rice Cultivation

Crop

Residue

Burning 

1980 3.05 R4.25 NA 0.28 0.81 R8.39 R10.52 0.53 R11.05 5.47 R3.04 0.48 0.04 1981 2.80 R4.86 NA 0.27 0.82 R8.75 R10.71 0.53 R11.24 5.56 R2.90 0.54 0.05 1982 3.23 R4.89 NA 0.27 0.88 R9.26 R10.72 0.54 R11.26 5.50 R2.80 0.47 0.05 1983 3.02 R4.85 NA 0.27 0.86 R9.00 R10.81 0.54 R11.36 5.46 R2.85 0.31 0.03 1984 3.60 R4.95 NA 0.27 0.86 R9.68 R10.87 0.55 R11.41 5.33 R2.77 0.40 0.04 1985 3.88 R5.00 NA 0.26 0.84 R9.98 R10.90 0.55 R11.45 5.27 R2.77 0.36 0.05 1986 3.73 R4.88 NA 0.26 0.82 R9.69 R10.84 0.56 R11.40 5.13 R2.71 0.34 0.04 1987 4.01 R4.98 NA 0.25 0.80 R10.04 R11.00 0.56 R11.56 5.08 R2.76 0.33 0.04 1988 3.93 R5.13 NA 0.25 0.83 R10.14 R10.94 0.57 R11.51 5.10 R2.77 0.41 0.03 1989 3.96 R5.29 NA 0.25 0.86 R10.36 R10.93 0.57 R11.51 5.08 R2.68 0.38 0.04 1990 4.25 5.60 1.30 R0.24 0.56 11.96 R10.53 0.58 R11.11 R5.21 1.93 0.40 0.05 1991 4.10 5.83 1.31 0.24 0.59 12.06 R10.31 0.58 R10.89 R5.18 2.19 0.40 0.04 1992 4.05 5.89 1.27 R0.23 0.62 R12.06 R10.14 0.59 R10.73 5.29 2.21 0.45 0.05 1993 3.44 5.88 1.21 R0.23 0.54 R11.29 R9.86 0.60 R10.46 R5.23 2.26 0.41 0.04 1994 3.51 5.89 1.18 R0.22 0.53 R11.33 R9.49 0.60 R10.09 5.34 2.34 0.48 0.05 1995 3.66 5.98 1.17 R0.22 0.58 R11.62 R9.02 0.61 R9.63 5.42 2.35 0.44 0.04 1996 3.19 6.00 1.15 R0.22 0.58 R11.14 R8.28 0.61 R8.90 5.31 2.34 0.41 0.05 1997 3.50 R6.27 1.14 R0.22 0.44 R11.57 R7.66 0.62 R8.28 5.19 2.48 0.45 0.05 1998 3.28 R6.26 1.11 R0.21 0.39 R11.25 R7.01 0.63 R7.64 5.11 2.51 0.47 0.05 1999 3.12 R6.27 R1.04 R0.21 0.42 R11.06 R6.69 0.63 R7.32 5.11 2.46 0.50 0.05 2000 2.98 R6.57 1.03 R0.20 0.44 R11.22 R6.71 0.65 R7.36 5.06 2.46 0.45 0.05 2001 2.96 R6.39 1.03 R0.20 0.41 R10.99 R6.25 0.66 R6.91 R4.99 2.49 0.47 0.05 2002 R2.81 R6.69 1.02 R0.20 0.36 R11.08 R6.22 0.67 R6.89 R4.98 R2.50 R0.44 0.05 2003P 2.87 6.69 1.02 0.19 0.36 11.13 6.30 0.67 6.97 4.97 2.52 0.41 0.05 

1 Natural gas production, processing, and distribution. 2 Petroleum production, refining, and distribution. 3 Emissions from passenger cars, trucks, buses, motorcycles, and other transport. 4 Consumption of coal, petroleum, natural gas, and wood for heat or electricity. 5 Methane emitted as a product of digestion in animals such as cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, and

camels.

6 Chemical production, and iron and steel production.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. NA=Not available. Notes: • Emissions are from anthropogenic sources. "Anthropogenic" means produced as the result of

human activities, including emissions from agricultural activity and domestic livestock. Emissions from

natural sources, such as wetlands and wild animals, are not incl

may be produced via anaerobic decomposition of organic matpaddies. • Because of the continuing goal to improve estimatiofrequently revised on an annual basis in keeping with the lacommunity. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to i

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: 1990 and 1995-2003: Energy Information Admi

Gases in the United States 2003 (December 2004), Table 1Greenhouse Gases in the United States, annual reports and unp
Figure 12.6 Nitrous Oxide Emissions

Total, 1980- 2003 By Source, 2003Energy Sources by Type, 1980-2003 Agricultural Sources by Major Type, 1980-2003348 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

1 Emissions from passenger cars and trucks; air, rail, and marine transportation; and farm

and construction equipment.

2 Consumption of coal, petroleum, natural gas, and wood for heat or electricity.

Notes: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Source: Table 12.6.

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0.00.30.60.9

1.2

1.5

Million Metric Tons of Nitrous Oxide

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

50

100150200

Thousand Metric Tons of Nitrous Oxide

788

228

4

Agricultural Energy Indu

0

300600900

Thousand Metric Tons of Nitrous Oxide 1.1 in 1990 1.1 in 2003

Stationary Combustion2

Sources 

Sources Proc

Mobile Combustion1

Solid Waste of Do

Nitrogen Fert

1980 1985 1990 

0

200400600800

Thousand Metric Tons of Nitrous Oxide
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 12.6 Nitrous Oxide Emissions, 1980-2003

 (Thousand Metric Tons of Nitrous Oxide)

Year

Energy Sources Waste Management Agricultural Sources

Mobile

Combustion 1

Stationary

Combustion 2 Total

Waste

Combustion

Human

Sewage in

Wastewater Total

Nitrogen

Fertilization

of Soils

Crop

Residue

Burning

Solid Waste

of Domesticated

Animals Tot

1980 60 43 102 (s) 13 13 499 1 R265 R71981 63 42 105 (s) 13 R14 515 2 R267 R71982 67 40 107 (s) 13 R14 486 2 R266 R71983 71 41 112 (s) 14 14 441 1 R265 R71984 86 43 130 (s) 14 14 500 2 R260 R71985 98 43 141 (s) 15 15 619 2 R252 R81986 107 43 150 (s) 15 15 597 2 R244 R841987 120 44 164 1 15 16 582 1 R238 R81988 138 46 183 1 15 16 539 1 R235 R71989 146 46 192 R (s) 15 16 586 2 R229 R81990 R139 45 R183 1 16 R16 604 2 209 81991 R147 44 R192 1 16 17 609 2 211 81992 R153 45 R198 1 16 17 624 2 R213 81993 R159 46 R205 1 16 17 613 1 216 81994 R165 46 R212 1 17 18 667 2 R219 81995 R175 47 R222 1 17 18 601 2 222 81996 R179 49 R227 1 17 18 587 2 220 81997 R176 49 R225 1 17 18 604 2 216 81998 R182 48 R230 1 18 18 616 2 R212 81999 R182 49 R231 1 18 19 613 2 211 R82000 R182 50 R232 1 19 20 601 2 209 R82001 R177 49 R226 1 19 20 598 2 208 82002 R177 49 R226 1 19 20 R586 2 207 R72003P 178 50 228 1 19 20 581 2 205 7

1 Emissions from passenger cars and trucks; air, rail, and marine transportation; and farm and

construction equipment.

2 Consumption of coal, petroleum, natural gas, and wood for heat or electricity. 3 Adipic acid production (primarily for the manufacture of nylon fibers and plastics), and nitric acid

production (primarily for fertilizers).

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. (s)=Less than 0.5 thousand metric tons. Notes: • Emissions are from anthropogenic sources. "Anthropogenic" means produced as the result of

human activities, including emissions from agricultural activity and domestic livestock. Emissions fromnatural sources, such as wetlands and wild animals, are not included. • Under certain conditions, methane

may be produced via anaerobic decomposition of organic mat

paddies. • Because of the continuing goal to improve estimatiofrequently revised on an annual basis in keeping with the lacommunity. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to i

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: 1990 and 1995-2003: Energy Information Admi

Gases in the United States 2003 (December 2004), Table 2Greenhouse Gases in the United States, annual reports and unp
Figure 12.7 Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful The

Emissions by Type of Generating Unit

Emissions by Sector

350 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

PetroleumFired

 10.7

 0.8

 (s)

 0.2

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Million Short Tons of Sulfur Dioxide

Sulfur Dioxide, 2003

1 For carbon dioxide: municipal solid waste (only the estimated plastics component of municipal solid waste is included) and geothermal. For sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides: blast

furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels;wood, black liquor, and other wood waste; municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste,tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass; and chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, sulfur, andtar coal.

2 Carbon dioxide gas can be converted to units of carbon e

3 Includes Commercial Sector.

(s)=Less than 0.05 million short tons.Note: Because vertical scales differ, graphs should not be Sources: Tables 12.7a-12.7c.

 1,960

 109

 336

 4

Coal Fired

Gas Fired

Other1

0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500

Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide2

Carbon Dioxide, 2003

 0.2

 0.4

 0.1

012

Million Short T

Nitrogen Oxides, 200

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

06

12

18

Million Short Tons of Sulfur Dioxide

Sulfur Dioxide, 1989-2003

1990 1992 1

0369

12

Million Short Tons of Nitrogen Oxides

Nitrogen Oxides, 198

Total3 Total3

Electric Power Sector

Industrial Sector

Electric Power S

Industrial Sector

Total3

Electric Power

Sector

Industrial 

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

0.00.71.4

2.1

2.8

Billion Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide2

Carbon Dioxide, 1989-2003
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 12.7a Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal 

 Total (All Sectors), 1989-2003 (Sum of Tables 12.7b and 12.7c)

Year

Carbon Dioxide Sulfur Dioxide 

Coal 1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3 MSW 4

Geothermal 5 Total Coal 1 Petroleum 2 Natural Gas 3 Other 6 Total Coal 1 Petroleu

Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide 7 Thousand Short Tons of Sulfur Dioxide Thousand S

1989 1,563.4 154.9 222.6 3.0 0.4 1,944.1 15,949 1,085 1 43 17,079 8,026 296 1990 1,569.0 121.3 235.0 3.6 0.4 1,929.3 15,742 1,033 1 268 17,043 7,847 229 1991 1,579.3 111.5 239.2 2.3 0.4 1,932.7 15,696 943 1 271 16,912 7,836 213 1992 1,601.9 97.0 249.5 2.7 0.4 1,951.4 15,499 776 1 291 16,568 7,688 175 1993 1,670.9 108.4 251.7 2.7 0.4 2,034.2 15,259 938 1 299 16,497 7,964 191 1994 1,679.3 103.0 278.2 2.9 0.4 2,063.8 14,769 875 1 307 15,953 7,722 176 1995 1,699.2 77.1 300.0 3.1 0.3 2,079.8 12,133 676 2 303 13,113 7,755 135 1996 1,789.5 83.9 278.4 3.2 0.4 2,155.5 13,034 878 3 312 14,226 6,036 164 1997 1,834.4 93.1 292.1 3.4 0.4 2,223.3 13,689 949 2 264 14,904 6,050 177 1998 1,860.6 123.3 325.5 3.3 0.4 2,313.0 12,569 1,065 2 153 13,789 5,800 253 1999 1,868.1 114.9 339.9 3.3 0.4 2,326.6 12,408 1,054 7 248 13,717 5,294 232 2000 1,960.0 106.0 359.9 3.1 0.4 2,429.4 11,338 866 3 246 12,453 4,944 193 2001 1,896.7 114.4 364.9 3.2 0.4 2,379.6 10,932 937 5 214 12,088 4,595 211 2002 1,929.3 87.8 377.2 3.3 0.4 2,397.9 10,672 673 3 244 11,591 4,455 147 2003P 1,960.1 109.0 336.2 3.3 0.4 2,409.0 10,698 778 3 199 11,679 4,139 177 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 4 Municipal solid waste (only the estimated plastics portion of municipal solid waste is included). 5 Carbon dioxide in geothermal steam. 6 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels;

wood, black liquor, and other wood waste; municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires,agricultural byproducts, and other biomass; and chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, sulfur, and tar coal.

7 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by

12/44.

P=Preliminary. Notes: • Data are for emissions from energy consumption f

output. They differ from data in Annual Energy Review 2003, Tenergy consumption for useful thermal output. • See "Useful Tnot equal sum of components due to independent rounding.

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: Tables 12.7b and 12.7c.
352 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Table 12.7b Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal 

 Electric Power Sector, 1989-2003 (Subset of Table 12.7a)

Year

Carbon Dioxide Sulfur Dioxide 

Coal 1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3 MSW 4

Geothermal 5 Total Coal 1 Petroleum 2 Natural Gas 3 Other 6 Total Coal 1 Petroleu

Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide 7 Thousand Short Tons of Sulfur Dioxide Thousand S

1989 1,505.5 141.5 171.5 2.6 0.4 1,821.4 15,229 893 1 8 16,130 7,777 271 1990 1,507.1 102.1 175.3 3.1 0.4 1,787.9 14,965 692 1 14 15,672 7,582 193 1991 1,519.1 94.2 178.7 2.0 0.4 1,794.4 14,981 684 1 16 15,682 7,590 182 1992 1,538.9 78.4 185.9 2.3 0.4 1,805.8 14,743 616 1 13 15,373 7,440 141 1993 1,606.6 89.4 187.2 2.3 0.4 1,885.9 14,476 810 1 14 15,302 7,712 157 1994 1,613.8 84.0 210.3 2.5 0.4 1,911.1 13,994 733 1 12 14,741 7,470 141 1995 1,633.9 60.3 227.5 2.7 0.3 1,924.8 11,377 527 1 11 11,917 7,501 104 1996 1,723.5 65.4 204.2 2.6 0.4 1,996.1 12,266 601 2 11 12,881 5,784 131 1997 1,768.3 74.3 218.1 2.7 0.4 2,063.9 12,874 692 2 14 13,582 5,796 141 1998 1,797.6 104.4 247.1 2.7 0.4 2,152.1 12,161 926 2 11 13,099 5,561 220 1999 1,805.8 96.8 259.1 2.7 0.4 2,164.7 11,844 832 7 10 12,692 5,067 198 2000 1,897.7 91.0 279.9 2.6 0.4 2,271.6 10,770 696 3 7 11,476 4,724 167 2001 1,839.4 100.6 289.4 2.7 0.4 2,232.5 10,252 780 5 9 11,045 4,372 186 2002 1,870.2 76.7 306.2 2.9 0.4 2,256.4 10,040 499 2 11 10,553 4,244 124 2003P 1,904.4 96.5 275.3 2.8 0.4 2,279.3 10,325 615 3 11 10,954 3,975 154 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 4 Municipal solid waste (only the estimated plastics portion of municipal solid waste is included). 5 Carbon dioxide in geothermal steam. 6 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels;

wood, black liquor, and other wood waste; municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires,agricultural byproducts, and other biomass; and chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, sulfur, and tar coal.

7 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by

12/44.

P=Preliminary. Notes: • Data are for emissions from energy consumption for electricity generation and useful thermal

output. They differ from data in Annual Energy Review 2003, Table 12.7, which excluded emissions from

energy consumption for useful thermal output. • The electric p

combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (Nort22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or elec12.7c for commercial and industrial CHP and electricity-only daPlants Into Energy-Use Sectors," at end of Section 8. • See "Usmay not equal sum of components due to independent rounding

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: Carbon Dioxide: • 1989-1997—Energy Inform

"Monthly Power Plant Report," and Form EIA-867, "Ann• 1998-2000—EIA, Form EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant RepGenerator Report—Nonutility." • 2001 forward—EIA, Form Dioxide and Nitrogen Oxides: EIA, Form EIA-767, "Steam-EleData were adjusted by the Environmental Protection Agency’s C
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 12.7c Emissions From Energy Consumption for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal 

 Commercial and Industrial Sectors, 1989-2003 (Subset of Table 12.7a)

Year

Carbon Dioxide Sulfur Dioxide 

Coal 1 Petroleum 2

Natural

Gas 3 MSW 4

Geothermal 5 Total Coal 1 Petroleum 2 Natural Gas 3 Other 6 Total Coal 1 Petroleu

Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide 7 Thousand Short Tons of Sulfur Dioxide Thousand S

Commercial Sector 8

1989 2.4 0.9 1.6 0.2 — 5.2 41 6 (s) 1 48 10 2 1990 2.6 0.9 2.5 0.3 — 6.3 43 5 (s) 1 49 11 1 1991 2.7 0.6 2.8 0.3 — 6.4 35 3 (s) 1 39 11 1 1992 2.5 0.6 3.4 0.4 — 6.8 35 3 (s) 1 39 11 1 1993 3.0 0.7 3.5 0.4 — 7.5 44 4 (s) 1 48 13 1 1994 2.9 0.7 3.9 0.4 — 7.9 43 3 (s) (s) 47 13 1 1995 3.1 0.6 4.2 0.4 — 8.2 43 2 (s) (s) 46 13 1 1996 3.6 0.6 4.5 0.6 — 9.2 48 2 (s) 1 51 16 1 1997 3.8 0.7 4.7 0.6 — 9.9 62 4 (s) 3 69 17 1 1998 3.3 0.8 4.8 0.6 — 9.5 36 4 (s) 2 42 14 1 1999 3.4 0.7 4.5 0.6 — 9.3 51 3 (s) (s) 54 15 1 2000 3.6 0.7 4.6 0.5 — 9.4 47 3 (s) 1 51 14 1 2001 3.3 0.8 4.3 0.4 — 8.8 45 3 (s) 1 49 13 1 2002 3.0 0.5 4.0 0.4 — 7.9 41 2 (s) 1 43 12 1 2003P 3.9 0.7 3.0 0.5 — 8.0 38 3 (s) 1 41 12 1 

Industrial Sector 9

1989 55.5 12.5 49.5 0.1 — 117.5 679 186 (s) 35 901 241 24 1990 59.4 18.3 57.2 0.2 — 135.0 734 335 (s) 252 1,322 257 34 1991 57.6 16.7 57.6 (s) — 132.0 681 256 (s) 254 1,191 237 30 1992 60.4 18.1 60.2 (s) — 138.8 722 157 (s) 277 1,156 240 32 1993 61.3 18.3 61.1 (s) — 140.8 739 124 (s) 283 1,147 241 32 1994 62.6 18.3 64.0 (s) — 144.9 732 139 (s) 294 1,165 242 33 1995 62.3 16.2 68.3 (s) — 146.8 713 146 (s) 291 1,150 243 30 1996 62.4 18.0 69.8 (s) — 150.2 720 273 (s) 300 1,294 238 33 1997 62.2 18.1 69.3 (s) — 149.6 753 253 (s) 247 1,253 238 35 1998 59.7 18.1 73.6 (s) — 151.4 372 135 (s) 141 648 225 32 1999 58.9 17.4 76.3 (s) — 152.6 514 219 (s) 237 971 214 32 2000 58.8 14.2 75.4 (s) — 148.4 520 167 (s) 239 927 208 24 2001 54.0 12.9 71.3 0.1 — 138.3 635 154 (s) 205 995 211 24 2002 56.1 10.6 66.9 (s) — 133.6 591 172 (s) 232 995 200 23 2003P 51.8 11.9 57.9 (s) — 121.7 336 160 (s) 187 684 153 21 

1 Anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. 2 Distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petroleum coke, jet fuel, kerosene, other petroleum, and waste oil. 3 Natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. 4 Municipal solid waste (only the estimated plastics portion of municipal solid waste is included). 5 Carbon dioxide in geothermal steam. 6 Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels;

wood, black liquor, and other wood waste; municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, tires,agricultural byproducts, and other biomass; and chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, sulfur, and tar coal.

7 Metric tons of carbon dioxide can be converted to metric tons of carbon equivalent by multiplying by

12/44.

8 Commercial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and commercial electricity-only plants. 9 Industrial combined-heat-and-power (CHP) and industrial electricity-only plants.

P=Preliminary. — = Not applicable. (s)=Less than 0.05 millioNotes: • Data are for emissions from energy consumption f

output. They differ from data in Annual Energy Review 2003, Tenergy consumption for useful thermal output. • See Table 12Note 2, "Classification of Power Plants Into Energy-Use SectoThermal Output" in Glossary. • Totals may not equal sums of co

Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.goSources: Carbon Dioxide: • 1989-1997—Energy Inform

"Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report." • 1998-2000Generator Report—Nonutility." • 2001 forward—EIA, Form Dioxide and Nitrogen Oxides: EIA, Form EIA-767, "Steam-EleData were adjusted by the Environmental Protection Agency’s C
Figure 12.8 Installed Nameplate Capacity of Steam-Electric Generators With Environmental 

By Fuel and Equipment Type, 2003Total Units by Equipment Type, 1985-2003 Coal-Fired Units by Equipment Type, Petroleum- and Natura

1985-2003 by Equipment Type, 19

354 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Coal-Fired Units Petroleum- and Gas

Particulate Collectors1

329

155

99

29

56

Particulate Collectors Cooling Towers Scrubbers Particulate Collectors Cooling Tow

0

50

100150200250300350

Thousand Megawatts

1985 1990 1995 2000

0

100200300400

Thousand Megawatts

Particulate Collectors1

Cooling Tower

Scrubbers1

Particu

Scrubbers1

Cooling Towers1

Cooling Towers1

(s)=Less than 0.5 thousand megawatts.1 Through 2000, data are for electric utility plants with fossil-fueled steam-electric capacity of

100 megawatts or greater. Beginning in 2001, data are for electric utility and non-utility generating plants (independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial plants) in operating or standby status, with fossil-fueled steam-electric capacity of 100 megawatts or greater.

Notes: • Components are not additive because some gen

one category. • Because vertical scales differ, graphs shoul

Source: Table 12.8.

1985 1990 1995 2000

0

100200300400

Thousand Megawatts

1985 1990 

0

204060

Thousand Megawatts
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table 12.8 Installed Nameplate Capacity of Steam-Electric Generators With Environmental Equipm

 (Megawatts)

Year

Coal Petroleum and Natural Gas 

Particulate

Collectors

Cooling

Towers Scrubbers Total 1

Particulate

Collectors

Cooling

Towers Scrubbers Total 1

Particulate

Collectors

Cooling

Towers 

1985 302,056 120,591 56,955 304,706 36,054 28,895 65 62,371 338,110 149,486 1986 308,566 126,731 63,735 311,217 34,258 27,919 65 59,618 342,825 154,650 1987 311,043 127,875 65,688 312,885 33,431 27,912 65 58,783 344,474 155,786 1988 311,776 129,366 67,156 313,618 34,063 27,434 65 58,937 345,839 156,800 1989 313,680 131,701 67,469 315,521 33,975 28,386 65 59,736 347,655 160,087 1990 315,681 134,199 69,057 317,522 33,639 28,359 65 59,372 349,319 162,557 1991 319,046 135,565 70,474 319,110 33,864 29,067 260 59,773 352,910 164,632 1992 319,856 136,266 71,336 319,918 33,509 28,764 195 59,116 353,365 165,030 1993 318,188 135,885 71,106 318,251 32,620 28,922 0 58,580 350,808 164,807 1994 319,485 137,266 80,617 319,776 31,695 28,186 0 57,123 351,180 165,452 1995 320,685 138,108 84,677 320,749 30,513 27,187 0 54,942 351,198 165,295 1996 321,805 139,065 85,842 321,869 30,349 27,685 0 55,275 352,154 166,749 1997 320,646 138,120 86,605 320,710 31,422 28,766 0 56,485 352,068 166,886 1998 321,082 139,082 87,783 321,353 30,708 27,814 0 55,764 351,790 166,896 1999 324,109 146,377 89,666 331,379 29,371 29,142 0 55,812 353,480 175,520 2000 321,636 146,093 89,675 328,741 31,090 29,427 0 57,697 352,727 175,520 20012 329,187 154,747 97,804 329,187 31,575 34,649 184 61,634 360,762 189,396 2002 329,459 154,750 98,363 329,459 29,879 R45,920 310 R72,008 359,338 R200,670 2003P 328,587 155,158 99,257 328,587 29,422 55,770 310 81,493 358,009 210,928 

1 Components are not additive because some generators are included in more than one category. 2 Through 2000, data are for electric utility plants with fossil-fueled steam-electric capacity of 100

megawatts or greater. Beginning in 2001, data are for electric utility and unregulated generating plants(independent power producers, commercial plants, and industrial plants) in operating or standby status,with fossil-fueled steam-electric capacity of 100 megawatts or greater.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.govSources: • 1985-1990—Energy Information Administration (E

Operation and Design Report." • 1991 forward—EIA, Electric Po5.2, and EIA, Form EIA-767, "Steam-Electric Plant Operation and 

Using Thermal Conversion Factors

The thermal conversion factors presented in the following tables can be used to estimate the heat content in British thermal units (Btu) of a given amount of energymeasured in physical units, such as barrels or cubic feet. For example, 10 barrels ofasphalt has a heat content of approximately 66.36 million Btu (10 barrels x 6.636million Btu per barrel = 66.36 million Btu).The heat content rates (i.e., thermal conversion factors) provided in this sectionrepresent the gross (or higher or upper) energy content of the fuels. Gross heatcontent rates are applied in all Btu calculations for the Annual Energy Review andare commonly used in energy calculations in the United States; net (or lower) heatcontent rates are typically used in European energy calculations. The differencebetween the two rates is the amount of energy that is consumed to vaporize waterthat is created during the combustion process. Generally, the difference ranges from2 percent to 10 percent, depending on the specific fuel and its hydrogen content.Some fuels, such as unseasoned wood, can be more than 40 percent different intheir gross and net heat content rates. More information about British thermal units(Btu) can be found in the Glossary.Thermal conversion factors for hydrocarbon mixes (Table A1) are weighted averages of the thermal conversion factors for each hydrocarbon included in the mix.For example, in calculating the thermal conversion factor for a 60-40 butanepropane mixture, the thermal conversion factor for butane is weighted 1.5 times thethermal conversion factor for propane.In general, the annual thermal conversion factors presented in Tables A2 throughA6 are computed from final annual data or from the best available data and arelabeled “preliminary.” Often, the previous year’s factor is used as the preliminaryvalue until data become available to calculate the factor appropriate to the year. Thesource of each factor is described in the section entitled “Thermal ConversionFactor Source Documentation,” which follows Table A6 in this appendix.

Sources: See “Thermal Conversion Factor Source DocumenWeb Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.1See Table A3 for motor gasoline annual weighted averages 

Miscellaneous .............................

Waxes ..................................Unfractionated Stream ........................Unfinished Oils ............................Still Gas .................................Special Naphthas ...........................Road Oil .................................Residual Fuel Oil ...........................Propane .................................Plant Condensate ...........................Petroleum Coke ............................

Still Gas ..............................Other Oils equal to or greater than 401° F .........Naphtha less than 401° F ....................

Petrochemical FeedstocksPentanes Plus ..............................

Natural Gasoline ............................

Fuel Ethanol ............................Reformulated 

1 ...........................

Oxygenated 

1 ............................

Conventional 

1 ...........................

Motor GasolineLubricants ................................

Kerosene ................................Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type ........................Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type .......................Isobutane ................................Ethane-Propane Mixture (70 percent-30 percent) ........Ethane ..................................Distillate Fuel Oil ...........................Butane-Propane Mixture (60 percent-40 percent) .......Butane ..................................Aviation Gasoline ...........................Asphalt .................................

Table A1. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleu

(Million Btu per Barrel)

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Appendix A

Thermal Conversion Factors
358 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Table A2. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Production, Imports, and Exports, Selected Years, 194

 (Million Btu per Barrel)

Year

Production Imports Exports

Crude Oil

Natural Gas

Plant Liquids Crude Oil

Petroleum

Products Total Crude Oil

Petroleum

Products 

1949 5.800 4.544 5.952 6.261 6.059 5.800 5.651 1950 5.800 4.522 5.943 6.263 6.080 5.800 5.751 1955 5.800 4.406 5.924 6.234 6.040 5.800 5.765 1960 5.800 4.295 5.911 6.161 6.021 5.800 5.835 1965 5.800 4.264 5.872 6.123 5.997 5.800 5.742 1970 5.800 4.146 5.822 6.088 5.985 5.800 5.811 1971 5.800 4.117 5.824 6.062 5.961 5.800 5.775 1972 5.800 4.070 5.809 6.045 5.935 5.800 5.741 1973 5.800 4.049 5.817 5.983 5.897 5.800 5.752 1974 5.800 4.011 5.827 5.959 5.884 5.800 5.773 1975 5.800 3.984 5.821 5.935 5.858 5.800 5.747 1976 5.800 3.964 5.808 5.980 5.856 5.800 5.743 1977 5.800 3.941 5.810 5.908 5.834 5.800 5.796 1978 5.800 3.925 5.802 5.955 5.839 5.800 5.814 1979 5.800 3.955 5.810 5.811 5.810 5.800 5.864 1980 5.800 3.914 5.812 5.748 5.796 5.800 5.841 1981 5.800 3.930 5.818 5.659 5.775 5.800 5.837 1982 5.800 3.872 5.826 5.664 5.775 5.800 5.829 1983 5.800 3.839 5.825 5.677 5.774 5.800 5.800 1984 5.800 3.812 5.823 5.613 5.745 5.800 5.867 1985 5.800 3.815 5.832 5.572 5.736 5.800 5.819 1986 5.800 3.797 5.903 5.624 5.808 5.800 5.839 1987 5.800 3.804 5.901 5.599 5.820 5.800 5.860 1988 5.800 3.800 5.900 5.618 5.820 5.800 5.842 1989 5.800 3.826 5.906 5.641 5.833 5.800 5.869 1990 5.800 3.822 5.934 5.614 5.849 5.800 5.838 1991 5.800 3.807 5.948 5.636 5.873 5.800 5.827 1992 5.800 3.804 5.953 5.623 5.877 5.800 5.774 1993 5.800 3.801 5.954 5.620 5.883 5.800 5.777 1994 5.800 3.794 5.950 5.534 5.861 5.800 5.777 1995 5.800 3.796 5.938 5.483 5.855 5.800 5.740 1996 5.800 3.777 5.947 5.468 5.847 5.800 5.728 1997 5.800 3.762 5.954 5.469 5.862 5.800 5.726 1998 5.800 3.769 5.953 5.462 5.861 5.800 5.710 1999 5.800 3.744 5.942 5.421 5.840 5.800 5.684 2000 5.800 3.733 5.959 5.432 5.849 5.800 5.651 2001 5.800 3.735 5.976 5.443 5.862 5.800 5.751 2002 5.800 3.729 5.971 5.451 5.863 5.800 5.687 2003 5.800 3.739 R5.970 R5.438 R5.857 5.800 R5.739 2004P 5.800 3.724 5.980 5.451 5.863 5.800 5.753 

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Note: Crude oil includes lease condensate.

Web Page: For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/eSources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation," which fo
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table A3. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2004

 (Million Btu per Barrel)

Year

Total Petroleum 1

Liquefied

Petroleum

Gases

End-Use Sectors Electric

Power

Sector Residential Commercial Industrial Transportation 2 Total

1949 5.493 5.858 5.946 5.465 6.254 5.649 4.011 1950 5.482 5.865 5.940 5.461 6.254 5.649 4.011 1955 5.480 5.832 5.867 5.408 6.254 5.591 4.011 1960 5.430 5.849 5.800 5.388 6.267 5.555 4.011 1965 5.380 5.837 5.728 5.387 6.267 5.532 4.011 1970 5.216 5.773 5.603 5.393 6.252 5.503 33.779 1971 5.212 5.758 5.598 5.389 6.245 5.504 3.772 1972 5.193 5.733 5.563 5.388 6.233 5.500 3.760 1973 5.205 5.749 5.569 5.395 6.245 5.515 3.746 1974 5.196 5.740 5.538 5.394 6.238 5.504 3.730 1975 5.192 5.704 5.527 5.392 6.250 5.494 3.715 1976 5.215 5.726 5.536 5.395 6.251 5.504 3.711 1977 5.213 5.733 5.554 5.400 6.249 5.518 3.677 1978 5.213 5.716 5.554 5.404 6.251 5.519 3.669 1979 5.298 5.769 5.419 5.428 6.258 5.494 3.680 1980 5.245 5.803 5.374 5.440 6.254 5.479 3.674 1981 5.191 5.751 5.312 5.432 6.258 5.448 3.643 1982 5.167 5.751 5.263 5.422 6.258 5.415 3.615 1983 5.022 5.642 5.275 5.415 6.255 5.406 3.614 1984 5.184 5.705 5.223 5.418 6.251 5.395 3.599 1985 5.153 5.661 5.215 5.422 6.247 5.387 3.603 1986 5.169 5.694 5.283 5.425 6.257 5.418 3.640 1987 5.144 5.661 5.248 5.429 6.249 5.403 3.659 1988 5.165 5.661 5.241 5.433 6.250 5.410 3.652 1989 5.105 5.621 5.234 5.437 26.240 5.410 3.683 1990 5.027 5.621 5.270 5.442 6.244 5.411 3.625 1991 4.968 5.599 5.186 5.440 6.246 5.384 3.614 1992 5.004 5.589 5.185 5.442 6.238 5.378 3.624 1993 4.975 5.580 5.196 5.436 6.230 5.379 3.606 1994 4.983 5.592 5.166 5.424 6.213 5.361 3.635 1995 4.940 5.554 5.137 5.417 6.188 5.341 3.623 1996 4.869 5.498 5.133 5.420 6.195 5.336 3.613 1997 4.859 5.459 5.138 5.416 6.199 5.336 3.616 1998 4.837 5.446 5.155 5.413 6.210 5.349 3.614 1999 4.761 5.369 5.113 5.413 6.205 5.328 3.616 2000 4.761 5.394 5.082 5.421 6.189 5.326 3.607 2001 4.796 5.403 5.164 5.412 6.199 5.345 3.614 2002 R4.742 R5.364 R5.116 R5.410 6.173 5.324 3.613 2003 RE4.807 RE5.437 RE5.149 RE5.409 R6.182 R5.340 3.629 2004 E4.812 E5.442 E5.146 E5.417 P6.197 P5.344 P3.620 

1 Petroleum products supplied, including natural gas plant liquids and crude oil burned directly as fuel. 2 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North American

Industry Classification System) 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity andheat, to the public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electricutilities and independent power producers.

3 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1966 and 1967; beginning in 1967, the single

constant factor is replaced by a quantity-weighted average of liquefied petroleum gases’ majorcomponents.

4 There is a discontinuity in this time series between 1993 and 199

constant factor is replaced by a factor that is a quantity-weighted avcomponents. See Table A1.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. Note: Weighted averages of the products included in each category are 

values shown in Table A1.

Web Page: For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://www.eia.doe.Sources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation," wh
360 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Table A4. Approximate Heat Content of Natural Gas, Selected Years, 1949-2004

 (Btu per Cubic Foot)

Year

Production Consumption 1

Marketed Dry End-Use Sectors Electric Power Sector Imports 

2 Total

1949 1,120 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 — 1950 1,119 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 — 1955 1,120 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 1960 1,107 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 1,035 1965 1,101 1,032 1,032 1,032 1,032 1,032 1970 1,102 1,031 1,031 1,031 1,031 1,031 1971 1,103 1,031 1,031 1,031 1,031 1,031 1972 1,100 1,027 1,027 1,027 1,027 1,027 1973 1,093 1,021 1,020 1,024 1,021 1,026 1974 1,097 1,024 1,024 1,022 1,024 1,027 1975 1,095 1,021 1,020 1,026 1,021 1,026 1976 1,093 1,020 1,019 1,023 1,020 1,025 1977 1,093 1,021 1,019 1,029 1,021 1,026 1978 1,088 1,019 1,016 1,034 1,019 1,030 1979 1,092 1,021 1,018 1,035 1,021 1,037 1980 1,098 1,026 1,024 1,035 1,026 1,022 1981 1,103 1,027 1,025 1,035 1,027 1,014 1982 1,107 1,028 1,026 1,036 1,028 1,018 1983 1,115 1,031 1,031 1,030 1,031 1,024 1984 1,109 1,031 1,030 1,035 1,031 1,005 1985 1,112 1,032 1,031 1,038 1,032 1,002 1986 1,110 1,030 1,029 1,034 1,030 997 1987 1,112 1,031 1,031 1,032 1,031 999 1988 1,109 1,029 1,029 1,028 1,029 1,002 1989 1,107 1,031 1,031 11,028 1,031 1,004 1990 1,105 1,029 1,030 1,027 1,029 1,012 1991 1,108 1,030 1,031 1,025 1,030 1,014 1992 1,110 1,030 1,031 1,025 1,030 1,011 1993 1,106 1,027 1,028 1,025 1,027 1,020 1994 1,105 1,028 1,029 1,025 1,028 1,022 1995 1,106 1,026 1,027 1,021 1,026 1,021 1996 1,109 1,026 1,027 1,020 1,026 1,022 1997 1,107 1,026 1,027 1,020 1,026 1,023 1998 1,109 1,031 1,033 1,024 1,031 1,023 1999 1,107 1,027 1,028 1,022 1,027 1,022 2000 1,107 1,025 1,026 1,021 1,025 1,023 2001 1,105 1,030 1,031 1,026 1,030 1,023 2002 R1,106 R1,027 R1,029 1,020 R1,027 1,022 2003 1,106 R1,031 R1,033 1,025 R1,031 R1,025 2004 E1,106 E1,030 E1,031 P1,025 E1,030 E1,023 

1 Consumption factors are for natural gas, plus a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that

cannot be identified separately.

2 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North American

Industry Classification System) 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity andheat, to the public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electric

utilities and independent power producers.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. E=Estimate. — = Not applicable. Web Page: For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/Sources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation," which 
Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table A5. Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal Coke, Selected Years, 1949-2004

 (Million Btu per Short Ton)

Year

Coal 

Production

Consumption

Imports Expor

End-Use Sectors

Electric

Power

Sector 2,3 Total

Residential

and

Commercial

Industrial

Coke Plants Other 1

1949 24.916 24.263 26.797 24.612 23.761 24.793 25.000 26.751950 25.090 24.461 26.798 24.820 23.937 24.989 25.020 26.781955 25.201 24.373 26.794 24.821 24.056 24.982 25.000 26.901960 24.906 24.226 26.791 24.609 23.927 24.713 25.003 26.931965 24.775 24.028 26.787 24.385 23.780 24.537 25.000 26.971970 23.842 23.203 26.784 22.983 22.573 23.440 25.000 26.981971 23.507 23.090 26.784 22.670 22.301 23.124 25.000 26.981972 23.389 22.998 26.782 22.550 22.204 23.036 25.000 26.971973 23.376 22.831 26.780 22.586 22.246 23.057 25.000 26.591974 23.072 22.479 26.778 22.419 21.781 22.677 25.000 26.701975 22.897 22.261 26.782 22.436 21.642 22.506 25.000 26.561976 22.855 22.774 26.781 22.530 21.679 22.498 25.000 26.601977 22.597 22.919 26.787 22.322 21.508 22.265 25.000 26.541978 22.248 22.466 26.789 22.207 21.275 22.017 25.000 26.471979 22.454 22.242 26.788 22.452 21.364 22.100 25.000 26.541980 22.415 22.543 26.790 22.690 21.295 21.947 25.000 26.381981 22.308 22.474 26.794 22.585 21.085 21.713 25.000 26.161982 22.239 22.695 26.797 22.712 21.194 21.674 25.000 26.221983 22.052 22.775 26.798 22.691 21.133 21.576 25.000 26.291984 22.010 22.844 26.799 22.543 21.101 21.573 25.000 26.401985 21.870 22.646 26.798 22.020 20.959 21.366 25.000 26.301986 21.913 22.947 26.798 22.198 21.084 21.462 25.000 26.291987 21.922 23.404 26.799 22.381 21.136 21.517 25.000 26.291988 21.823 23.571 26.799 22.360 20.900 21.328 25.000 26.291989 21.765 23.650 26.800 22.347 220.898 21.307 25.000 26.161990 21.822 23.137 26.799 22.457 20.779 21.197 25.000 26.201991 21.681 23.114 26.799 22.460 20.730 21.120 25.000 26.181992 21.682 23.105 26.799 22.250 20.709 21.068 25.000 26.161993 21.418 22.994 26.800 22.123 20.677 21.010 25.000 26.331994 21.394 23.112 26.800 22.068 20.589 20.929 25.000 26.321995 21.326 23.118 26.800 21.950 20.543 20.880 25.000 26.181996 21.322 23.011 26.800 22.105 20.547 20.870 25.000 26.171997 21.296 22.494 26.800 22.172 20.518 20.830 25.000 26.251998 21.418 21.620 27.426 23.164 20.516 20.881 25.000 26.801999 21.070 23.880 27.426 22.489 20.490 20.818 25.000 26.082000 21.072 25.020 27.426 22.433 20.511 20.828 25.000 26.112001 R20.830 24.909 27.426 R22.622 20.337 R20.671 25.000 25.992002 R20.673 22.962 27.426 R22.562 20.238 R20.541 25.000 26.062003 R20.499 R22.242 27.425 R22.468 R20.082 R20.387 25.000 25.972004P 20.411 22.948 27.426 22.473 19.966 20.276 25.000 26.10

1 Includes transportation. Excludes synfuel plants. 2 Electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (North American

Industry Classification System) 22 category whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity andheat, to the public. Through 1988, data are for electric utilities only; beginning in 1989, data are for electricutilities and independent power producers.

3 Electric power sector factors are for anthracite, bituminous coal, s

coal, and synthetic coal.

R=Revised. P=Preliminary. Web Page: For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://www.eia.doeSources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation," wh
362 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004

Table A6. Approximate Heat Rates for Electricity, Selected Years, 1949-2004

 (Btu per Kilowatthour)

Year

Electricity Net Generation

Electricity 

Fossil-Fueled Plants 1,2 Nuclear Plants 3 Geothermal Energy Plants 4 

1949 15,033 — — 1950 14,030 — — 1955 11,699 — — 1960 10,760 11,629 23,200 1965 10,453 11,804 22,182 1970 10,494 10,977 21,606 1971 10,478 10,837 21,655 1972 10,379 10,792 21,668 1973 10,389 10,903 21,674 1974 10,442 11,161 21,674 1975 10,406 11,013 21,611 1976 10,373 11,047 21,611 1977 10,435 10,769 21,611 1978 10,361 10,941 21,611 1979 10,353 10,879 21,545 1980 10,388 10,908 21,639 1981 10,453 11,030 21,639 1982 10,454 11,073 21,629 1983 10,520 10,905 21,290 1984 10,440 10,843 21,303 1985 10,447 10,622 21,263 1986 10,446 10,579 21,263 1987 10,419 10,442 21,263 1988 10,324 10,602 21,096 1989 10,432 10,583 21,096 1990 10,402 10,582 21,096 1991 10,436 10,484 20,997 1992 10,342 10,471 20,914 1993 10,309 10,504 20,914 1994 10,316 10,452 20,914 1995 10,312 10,507 20,914 1996 10,340 10,503 20,960 1997 10,213 10,494 20,960 1998 10,197 10,491 21,017 1999 10,226 10,450 21,017 2000 10,201 10,429 21,017 2001 2,R10,333 10,448 21,017 2002 R10,173 10,439 21,017 2003 R10,241 R10,421 21,017 2004 E10,107 E10,439 E21,017 

1 Through 2000, used as the thermal conversion factor for wood and waste electricity net generation at

electric utilities. For all years, used as the thermal conversion factor for hydro, solar, and wind electricitynet generation.

2 Through 2000, heat rates are for fossil-fueled steam-electric plants at electric utilities. Beginning in

2001, heat rates are for all fossil-fueled plants at electric utilities and independent power producers.

3 Used as the thermal conversion factor for nuclear electricity net generation.

4 Used as the thermal conversion factor for geothermal electricity net gener5 Used as the thermal conversion factor for electricity retail sales, and elect

R=Revised. E=Estimate. — = Not applicable. Web Page: For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/eSources: See "Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation," which f
Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum

and Natural Gas Plant Liquids

Asphalt. The Energy Information Administration (EIA) adopted the thermalconversion factor of 6.636 million British thermal units (Btu) per barrel as estimatedby the Bureau of Mines and first published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual,1956.Aviation Gasoline. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.048 million Btu

per barrel as adopted by the Bureau of Mines from the Texas Eastern TransmissionCorporation publication Competition and Growth in American Energy Markets1947-1985, a 1968 release of historical and projected statistics.Butane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 4.326million Btu per barrel as published in the California Oil World and PetroleumIndustry, First Issue, April 1942.Butane-Propane Mixture. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines calculation of 4.130million Btu per barrel based on an assumed mixture of 60 percent butane and 40percent propane. See Butane and Propane.

Crude Oil Exports. Assumed by EIA to be 5.800 million Btu per barrel or equal to

the thermal conversion factor for crude oil produced in the United States. SeeCrude Oil Production.Crude Oil Imports. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermalconversion factors for each type of crude oil imported weighted by the quantitiesimported. Thermal conversion factors for each type were calculated on a foreigncountry basis, by determining the average American Petroleum Institute (API) gravity of crude oil imported from each foreign country from Form ERA-60 in 1977 andconverting average API gravity to average Btu content by using National Bureau ofStandards, Miscellaneous Publication No. 97, Thermal Properties of PetroleumProducts, 1933.Crude Oil Production. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.800 millionBtu per barrel as reported in a Bureau of Mines internal memorandum, “Bureau ofMines Standard Average Heating Values of Various Fuels, Adopted January 3,1950.”Distillate Fuel Oil. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of5.825 million Btu per barrel as reported in a Bureau of Mines internalmemorandum, “Bureau of Mines Standard Average Heating Values of VariousFuels, Adopted January 3, 1950.”

Ethane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines themillion Btu per barrel as published in the CalifIndustry, First Issue, April 1942.Ethane-Propane Mixture. EIA calculation of 3.on an assumed mixture of 70 percent ethane and 

and Propane.

Fuel Ethanol (Blended Into Motor Gasoline). Esion factor of 3.539 million Btu per barrel publishFuture Fuels,” a paper presented by William JCompany at the National Conference on ReformulImplementation, Washington, D.C., October 1991.Isobutane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thmillion Btu per barrel as published in the CalifIndustry, First Issue, April 1942.Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type. EIA adopted the Burefactor of 5.670 million Btu per barrel for “Jet Futhe Texas Eastern Transmission Corporation in thin American Energy Markets 1947-1985, a 1968 rstatistics.Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type. EIA adopted the Burefactor of 5.355 million Btu per barrel for “Jet FuTexas Eastern Transmission Corporation in the reAmerican Energy Markets 1947-1985, a 1968 re

statistics.Kerosene. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines themillion Btu per barrel as reported in a Bureau “Bureau of Mines Standard Average Heating VaJanuary 3, 1950.”Liquefied Petroleum Gases Consumption. • 19Interior, Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveleum Products, 1956,” Table 4 footnote, constanbarrel. • 1967 forward: Calculated annually by Econversion factors for all liquefied petroleum gweighted by the quantities consumed. The compoleum gases are ethane (including ethylene), propabutane (including butylene), butane-propane mixand isobutane. For 1967-1980, quantities consum

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation
Reports, “Petroleum Statement, Annual,” Table 1. For 1981 forward, quantities

consumed are from EIA, Petroleum Supply Annual, Table 2.Lubricants. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 6.065 million Btu perbarrel as estimated by the Bureau of Mines and first published in the PetroleumStatement, Annual, 1956.Miscellaneous Products. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.796million Btu per barrel as estimated by the Bureau of Mines and first published in thePetroleum Statement, Annual, 1956.Motor Gasoline Consumption. • 1949-1993: EIA adopted the Bureau of Minesthermal conversion factor of 5.253 million Btu per barrel for “Gasoline, MotorFuel” as published by the Texas Eastern Transmission Corporation in Appendix Vof Competition and Growth in American Energy Markets 1947-1985, a 1968 release

of historical and projected statistics. • 1994 forward: EIA calculated nationalannual quantity-weighted average conversion factors for conventional,reformulated, and oxygenated motor gasolines (see Table A3). The factor forconventional motor gasoline is 5.253 million Btu per barrel, as used for previousyears. The factors for reformulated and oxygenated gasolines, both currently 5.150million Btu per barrel, are based on data published in Environmental ProtectionAgency, Office of Mobile Sources, National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory report EPA 420-F-95-003, “Fuel Economy Impact Analysis of Reformulated

Gasoline.” See Fuel Ethanol (Blended Into Motor Gasoline).Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factors for each natural gas plant liquid produced

weighted by the quantities produced.Natural Gasoline. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 4.620 million Btuper barrel as estimated by the Bureau of Mines and first published in the PetroleumStatement, Annual, 1956.Pentanes Plus. EIA assumed the thermal conversion factor to be 4.620 million Btu

or equal to that for natural gasoline. See Natural Gasoline.Petrochemical Feedstocks, Naphtha less than 401° F. Assumed by EIA to be5.248 million Btu per barrel, equal to the thermal conversion factor for specialnaphthas. See Special Naphthas.Petrochemical Feedstocks, Other Oils equal to or greater than 401° F. Assumedby EIA to be 5.825 million Btu per barrel, equal to the thermal conversion factor fordistillate fuel oil. See Distillate Fuel Oil.

Petrochemical Feedstocks, Still Gas. Assumed by EIA to be 6.000 million Btu perbarrel, equal to the thermal conversion factor for still gas. See Still Gas.

Petroleum Coke. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 6.024 million Btu

per barrel as reported in Btu per short ton in the Bureau of Mines internal memorandum, “Bureau of Mines Standard Average Heating Values of Various Fuels,Adopted January 3, 1950.” The Bureau of Mines calculated this factor by dividing

30.120 million Btu per short ton, as given in the refenal memorandum, by 5.0 barrels per short ton, as Form 6-1300-M and successor EIA forms.Petroleum Consumption, Commercial Sector. Cal

average of the thermal conversion factors for all petthe commercial sector weighted by the estimated commercial sector. The quantities of petroleum producial sector are estimated in the State Energy Data Shttp://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/sep_use/notes/usPetroleum Consumption, Electric Power Sector. Cthe average of the thermal conversion factors for all by the electric power sector weighted by the quantpower sector. Data are from Form EIA-860, “AnnuForm EIA-906, “Power Plant Report”; and predecessPetroleum Consumption, Industrial Sector. Calcuaverage of the thermal conversion factors for all petthe industrial sector weighted by the estimated quantisector. The quantities of petroleum products consumestimated in the State Energy Data Systhttp://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/sep_use/notes/usPetroleum Consumption, Residential Sector. Calc

average of the thermal conversion factors for all petthe residential sector weighted by the estimated quantial sector. The quantities of petroleum products conare estimated in the State Energy Data Syshttp://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/sep_use/notes/usPetroleum Consumption, Total. Calculated annuallthermal conversion factors for all petroleum producquantities consumed.Petroleum Consumption, Transportation Sector. the average of the thermal conversion factors for all by the transportation sector weighted by the estimattransportation sector. The quantities of petroleum prportation sector are estimated in the State Energy Daat http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/sep_use/notes/Petroleum Products Exports. Calculated annually thermal conversion factors for each petroleum prodquantities exported.Petroleum Products Imports. Calculated annually thermal conversion factors for each petroleum prodquantities imported.

364 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004
Plant Condensate. Estimated to be 5.418 million Btu per barrel by EIA from data

provided by McClanahan Consultants, Inc., Houston, Texas.Propane. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 3.836million Btu per barrel as published in the California Oil World and PetroleumIndustry, First Issue, April 1942.Residual Fuel Oil. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 6.287 million Btuper barrel as reported in the Bureau of Mines internal memorandum, “Bureau ofMines Standard Average Heating Values of Various Fuels, Adopted January 3,1950.”Road Oil. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of 6.636million Btu per barrel, which was assumed to be equal to that of asphalt (seeAsphalt) and was first published by the Bureau of Mines in the Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1970.

Special Naphthas. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines thermal conversion factor of5.248 million Btu per barrel, which was assumed to be equal to that of the totalgasoline (aviation and motor) factor and was first published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual, 1970.Still Gas. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines estimated thermal conversion factor of6.000 million Btu per barrel, first published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual,1970.Total Petroleum Exports. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factors for crude oil and each petroleum product exported weightedby the quantities exported. See Crude Oil Exports and Petroleum Products

Exports.Total Petroleum Imports. Calculated annually by EIA as the average of the thermal conversion factors for each type of crude oil and petroleum product importedweighted by the quantities imported. See Crude Oil Imports and Petroleum Products Imports.

Unfinished Oils. EIA assumed the thermal conversion factor to be 5.825 millionBtu per barrel or equal to that for distillate fuel oil (see Distillate Fuel Oil) and firstpublished it in EIA’s Annual Report to Congress, Volume 3, 1977.

Unfractionated Stream. EIA assumed the thermal conversion factor to be 5.418million Btu per barrel or equal to that for plant condensate (see Plant Condensate)

and first published it in EIA’s Annual Report to Congress, Volume 2, 1981.

Waxes. EIA adopted the thermal conversion factor of 5.537 million Btu per barrelas estimated by the Bureau of Mines and first published in the Petroleum Statement,Annual, 1956.

Approximate Heat Content 

Natural Gas Consumption, Electric Power Sec

by dividing the heat content of natural gas consumthe quantity consumed. Data are from Form EIAReport”; Form EIA-906, “Power Plant Report”; anNatural Gas Consumption, End-Use Sectors. dividing the heat content of natural gas con(residential, commercial, industrial, and transportData are from Form EIA-176, “Annual Report oSupply and Disposition.”Natural Gas Consumption, Total. • 1949-1962: sion factor of 1,035 Btu per cubic foot as estimated published in the Petroleum Statement, Annual, 19the thermal conversion factor calculated annually (AGA) and published in Gas Facts, an AGA annu

Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the toconsumed by the total quantity consumed.Natural Gas Exports. • 1949-1972: Assumed bconversion factor for dry natural gas consumed (Total). • 1973 forward: Calculated annually by Enatural gas exported by the quantity exported. FoFPC-14, “Annual Report for Importers and Export1996, data are from U.S. Department of Energy, Gas Imports and Exports.Natural Gas Imports. • 1949-1972: Assumed bconversion factor for dry natural gas consumed (Total). • 1973 forward: Calculated annually by Enatural gas imported by the quantity imported. FoFPC-14, “Annual Report for Importers and Export1996, data are from U.S. Department of Energy, Gas Imports and Exports.Natural Gas Production, Dry. Assumed by EIA sion factor for dry natural gas consumed. See NatuNatural Gas Production, Marketed. Calculated heat content of dry natural gas produced (see Naliquids produced (see Natural Gas Plant Liquids of marketed natural gas produced.

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 
Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal Coke

Coal Coke Imports and Exports. EIA adopted the Bureau of Mines estimate of24.800 million Btu per short ton.Coal Consumption, Electric Power Sector. Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat content of coal consumed by the electric power sector by the quantityconsumed. Data are from Form EIA-860, “Annual Electric Generator Report”;Form EIA-906, “Power Plant Report”; and predecessor forms.Coal Consumption, Industrial Sector, Coke Plants. Calculated annually by EIAby dividing the heat content of coal consumed by coke plants by the quantityconsumed. Data are from Form EIA-5, “Quarterly Coal Consumption and QualityReport—Coke Plants.”Coal Consumption, Industrial Sector, Other. Calculated annually by EIA bydividing the heat content of coal consumed by manufacturing plants by the quantityconsumed. Data are from Form EIA-3, “Quarterly Coal Consumption and QualityReport—Manufacturing Plants.”Coal Consumption, Residential and Commercial Sectors. Calculated annually by

EIA by dividing the heat content of coal consumed by the residential and commercial sectors by the quantity consumed. Through 1999, data are from Form EIA-6,“Coal Distribution Report.” Beginning in 2000, data are for commercial combinedheat-and-power (CHP) plants from Form EIA-860, “Annual Electric GeneratorReport”; and Form EIA-906, “Power Plant Report.”Coal Consumption, Total. Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the total heatcontent of coal consumed by all sectors by the total quantity consumed.Coal Exports. Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heat content of steamcoal and metallurgical coal exported by the quantity exported. Data are from U.S.Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “Monthly Report EM 545.”Coal Imports. • 1949-1963: Calculated annually by EIA by dividing the heatcontent of coal imported by the quantity imported. • 1963 forward: Assumed byEIA to be 25.000 million Btu per short ton.Coal Production. Calculated annually by EIA to balance the heat content of coalsupply (production and imports) and the heat content of coal disposition (exports,stock change, and consumption).

Approximate Heat Rates fo

Electricity Net Generation, Fossil-Fueled Plants. practice for measuring the thermal conversion rates electricity from hydro, wind, photovoltaic, or solar tfore, EIA calculates a rate factor that is equal to the for fossil-fueled power plants in the United States. By to evaluate fossil fuel requirements for replacing thinterruption, such as droughts. The heat content oproduced, regardless of the generation process, is 3weighted annual average heat rate for fossil-fueled the United States, as published by EIA in Thermal-Eand Annual Production Expenses—1981 and Steam

Cost and Annual Production Expenses—1978. • 195average heat rate for fossil-fueled steam-electric powas published in EIA, Electric Plant Cost and Pow

Table 9. • 1989-2000: Calculated annually by EIA bon Form EIA-860, “Annual Electric Generator Repand net generation data reported on Form EIA-759, “The computation includes data for all electric utilifossil fuels. 2001 forward: Calculated annually by Eand net generation data reported on Form EIA-906computation includes data for all electric utilities anpower producers using fossil fuels.Electricity Net Generation, Geothermal Energy lated annually by EIA by weighting the annual avgeothermal units by the installed nameplate capacitie“Power System Statement.” • 1982 forward: Estimbasis of an informal survey of relevant plants.Electricity Net Generation, Nuclear Plants. • 1957dividing the total heat content consumed in nuclea(net) electricity generated by nuclear generating unitsity generation were reported on Form FERC-1, “AnUtilities, Licensees, and Others”; Form EIA-412, “AnUtilities”; and predecessor forms. For 1982, the faHistorical Plant Cost and Annual Production Expens1982, page 215. For 1983 and 1984, the factors wPlant Cost and Power Production Expenses 1991, Calculated annually by EIA by using the heat rat“Annual Electric Generator Report” (and predecessreported on Form EIA-906, “Power Plant Report.”

366 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004
Data presented in the Annual Energy Review and in other Energy Information

Administration publications are expressed predominately in units that historicallyhave been used in the United States, such as British thermal units, barrels, cubicfeet, and short tons. However, because U.S. commerce involves other nations,most of which use metric units of measure, the U.S. Government is committed tothe transition to the metric system, as stated in the Metric Conversion Act of 1975(Public Law 94–168), amended by the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of1988 (Public Law 100–418), and Executive Order 12770 of July 25, 1991.The metric conversion factors presented in Table B1 can be used to calculate themetric-unit equivalents of values expressed in U.S. customary units. For example,500 short tons are the equivalent of 453.6 metric tons (500 short tons x 0.9071847metric tons/short ton = 453.6 metric tons).

In the metric system of weights and measures, the nsions of any unit may be derived by combining the such as deka, hecto, and kilo, meaning, respectivcenti, and milli, meaning, respectively, oneone-thousandth. Common metric prefixes can be foThe conversion factors presented in Table B3 can bin various physical units commonly used in energbarrels are the equivalent of 420 U.S. gallons (10 bagallons).

Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2004 

Appendix B. Metric and Other Physical Conversion Factors
368 Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2004

aExact conversion.bCalculated by the Energy Information Administration.cThe Btu used in this table is the International Table Btu adopted by the Fifth International Conference on Properties of Steam, London, 1956. dTo convert degrees Fahrenheit (oF) to degrees Celsius (oC) exactly, subtract 32, then multiply by 5/9.

 Notes: • Spaces have been inserted after every third digit to the right of the decimal for ease of reading. • Most metric units belong to the 

 International System of Units (SI), and the liter, hectare, and metric ton are accepted for use with the SI units. For more information about the SI units, see http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/index.html. Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/append_b.html. Sources: • General Services Administration, Federal Standard 376B, Preferred Metric Units for General Use by the Federal Government(Washington, DC, January 1993), pp. 9-11, 13, and 16. • U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology,Special Publications 330, 811, and 814. • American National Standards Institute/Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, ANSI/IEEE Std268-1992, pp. 28 and 29. 

 100 degrees Celsius (oC) a 212 degrees Fahrenheit (oF) 

=

 0 degrees Celsius (oC) a Temperature 32 degrees Fahrenheit (oF)

= d

3.6 megajoules (MJ) a 1 kilowatthour (kWh)

=

4.186 8 joules (J) a 1 calorie (cal)

=

1,055.055 852 62 joules (J) a 1 British thermal unit (Btu)

= c Energy

square centimeters (cm2 6.451 6 ) a 1 square inch (in

= 2

)

square meters (m2 0.092 903 04 ) a 1 square foot (ft

= 2

)

square meters (m2 1 square yard (yd

= 0.836 127 4 ) 2

)

square kilometers (km2 1 square mile (mi

= 2.589 988 ) 2

)

Area 1 acre

= 0.404 69 hectares (ha)

2.54 centimeters (cm) a 1 inch (in)

=

0.304 8 meters (m) a 1 foot (ft)

=

0.914 4 meters (m) a 1 yard (yd)

=

1.609 344 kilometers (km) a Length 1 mile (mi)

=

1 cubic inch (in

= 16.387 06 milliliters (mL) 3

)

1 ounce, fluid (fl oz)

= 29.573 53 milliliters (mL)

1 U.S. gallon (gal)

= 3.785 412 liters (L)

cubic meters (m3 1 cubic foot (ft

= 0.028 316 85 ) 3

)

cubic meters (m3 1 cubic yard (yd

= 0.764 555 ) 3

)

cubic meters (m3 Volume 1 barrel of oil (bbl)

= 0.158 987 3 )

1 ounce, avoirdupois (avdp oz)

= 28.349 52 grams (g)

0.384 647 kilograms uranium (kgU) b 1 pound uranium oxide (lb U3O8) =

0.453 592 37 kilograms (kg) a 1 pound (lb)

=

1 long ton

= 1.016 047 metric tons (t) 

Mass 1 short ton (2,000 lb)

= 0.907 184 7 metric tons (t)

Type of Unit U.S. Unit Equivalent in Metric Units

Table B1. Metric Conversion Factors
Energy Information Administration/Annual Energy Review 2004 

aExact conversion.bCalculated by the Energy Information Administration.

 Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/append_b.html.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Specifications, Tolerances, and Other Technical Requirements for Weighing and Measuring Devices, NIST Handbook 44, 1994 Edition (Washington, DC, October 1993), pp. B-10, C-17

and C-21.

cubic feet (ft3 128 ) a 1 cord (cd) = 

1.25 shorts tons b Wood 1 cord (cd) = 

1,000 kilograms (kg) a 1 metric ton (t) = 

2,240 pounds (lb) a 1 long ton = 2,000 pounds (lb) a Coal 1 short ton = 

42 U.S. gallons (gal) a Petroleum 1 barrel (bbl) = 

Energy Source Original Unit Equivalent in Final Units 

Table B3. Other Physical Conversion Factors

 Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/append_b.html.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, The International System of Units (SI), NIST

Special Publication 330, 1991 Edition (Washington, DC, August 1991), p.10.

 10 yocto y -24 10 yotta Y 24

 10 zepto z -21 10 zetta Z 21 10 atto a -18 10 exa E 18 10 femto f -15 10 peta P 15 10 pico p -12 10 tera T 12

 10 nano n -9 10 giga G 9

 10 micro

μ -6 10 mega M 6

 10 milli

m -3 10 kilo k 3

 10 centi c -2 10 hecto h 2 10 deci d -1 10 deka da 1

Unit Multiple Prefix Symbol Unit Subdivision Prefix Symbol

Table B2. Metric Prefixes

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Appendix C

U.S. Census Regions and Divisions

Note: Map not to scale.

Source: Adapted from U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 

Statistical Abstract of the United States 2004-2005 (Washington, DC, October 2004).

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Appendix D

Table D1. Population, U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and Implicit Price Deflator, Selected Years, 194

Year

Population U.S. Gross Domestic Product

United States 1 World

Billion

Nominal Dollars 2

Billion

Chained (2000) Dollars 3

Million People 

1949 148.7 NA 267.3 1,634.6 1950 151.3 2,555.4 293.8 1,777.3 1955 165.1 R2,779.9 414.8 2,212.8 1960 179.3 R3,039.6 526.4 2,501.8 1965 193.5 R3,346.0 719.1 3,191.1 1970 203.3 R3,707.5 1,038.5 3,771.9 1971 206.8 R3,785.0 1,127.1 3,898.6 1972 209.3 R3,861.5 1,238.3 4,105.0 1973 211.4 R3,937.6 1,382.7 4,341.5 1974 213.3 R4,013.0 1,500.0 4,319.6 1975 215.5 R4,086.2 1,638.3 4,311.2 1976 217.6 R4,157.8 1,825.3 4,540.9 1977 219.8 R4,229.9 2,030.9 4,750.5 1978 222.1 R4,302.0 2,294.7 5,015.0 1979 224.6 R4,376.9 2,563.3 5,173.4 1980 226.5 R4,452.6 2,789.5 5,161.7 1981 229.5 R4,528.5 3,128.4 5,291.7 1982 231.7 R4,608.4 3,255.0 5,189.3 1983 233.8 R4,689.8 3,536.7 5,423.8 1984 235.8 R4,769.9 3,933.2 5,813.6 1985 237.9 R4,851.6 4,220.3 6,053.7 1986 240.1 R4,934.9 4,462.8 6,263.6 1987 242.3 R5,020.8 4,739.5 6,475.1 1988 244.5 R5,107.4 5,103.8 6,742.7 1989 246.8 R5,194.1 5,484.4 6,981.4 1990 248.8 R5,281.7 5,803.1 7,112.5 1991 253.0 R5,365.5 5,995.9 7,100.5 1992 256.5 R5,449.4 6,337.7 7,336.6 1993 259.9 R5,531.0 6,657.4 7,532.7 1994 263.1 R5,611.3 7,072.2 7,835.5 1995 266.3 R5,691.8 7,397.7 8,031.7 1996 269.4 R5,770.7 7,816.9 8,328.9 1997 272.6 R5,849.9 8,304.3 8,703.5 1998 275.9 R5,927.6 8,747.0 9,066.9 1999 279.0 R6,004.2 9,268.4 9,470.3 2000 281.4 R6,079.6 9,817.0 9,817.0 2001 285.1 R6,153.8 R10,128.0 R9,890.7 2002 R287.9 R6,226.9 R10,487.0 R10,074.8 2003 290.8 R6,299.8 R11,004.0 R10,381.3 2004 293.7 6,372.8 11,735.0 10,841.9 

1 Resident population of the 50 States and the District of Columbia estimated for July 1 of each year,

except for the April 1 decennial census counts.

2 See "Nominal Dollars" in Glossary. 3 See "Chained Dollars" in Glossary. 4 The gross domestic product implicit price deflator is used to convert nominal dollars to chained (2000)

dollars.

R=Revised. NA=Not available. Web Pages: • For data not shown for 1951-1969, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/append_d.html.

• For related information, see http://www.census.gov/ and http://www.b

Sources: U.S. Population: • 1949-1989—Department of Com

Census, Current Population Reports Series P-25, November 1998. • the Census, State Population Estimates. World Population: • 1950 Census, International Database (September 30, 2004). U.S. Groforward—DOC, Bureau of Economic Analysis, National Income and PTables 1.1.5, 1.1.6, and 1.1.9.

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Table E1. Estimated Energy Consumption in the United States, Selected Years, 1635-1945

 (Quadrillion Btu)

Year

Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy

Coal 

Natural

Gas Petroleum Total

Conventional

Hydroelectric

Power Wood 1 Total

1635 NA — — — — (s) (s) 1645 NA — — — — 0.001 0.001 1655 NA — — — — 0.002 0.002 1665 NA — — — — 0.005 0.005 1675 NA — — — — 0.007 0.007 1685 NA — — — — 0.009 0.009 1695 NA — — — — 0.014 0.014 1705 NA — — — — 0.022 0.022 1715 NA — — — — 0.037 0.037 1725 NA — — — — 0.056 0.056 1735 NA — — — — 0.080 0.080 1745 NA — — — — 0.112 0.112 1755 NA — — — — 0.155 0.155 1765 NA — — — — 0.200 0.200 1775 NA — — — — 0.249 0.249 1785 NA — — — — 0.310 0.310 1795 NA — — — — 0.402 0.402 1805 NA — — — — 0.537 0.537 1815 NA — — — — 0.714 0.714 1825 NA — — — — 0.960 0.960 1835 NA — — — — 1.305 1.305 1845 NA — — — — 1.757 1.757 1850 0.219 — — 0.219 — 2.138 2.138 1855 0.421 — — 0.421 — 2.389 2.389 1860 0.518 — 0.003 0.521 — 2.641 2.641 1865 0.632 — 0.010 0.642 — 2.767 2.767 1870 1.048 — 0.011 1.059 — 2.893 2.893 1875 1.440 — 0.011 1.451 — 2.872 2.872 1880 2.054 — 0.096 2.150 — 2.851 2.851 1885 2.840 0.082 0.040 2.962 — 2.683 2.683 1890 4.062 0.257 0.156 4.475 0.022 2.515 2.537 1895 4.950 0.147 0.168 5.265 0.090 2.306 2.396 1900 6.841 0.252 0.229 7.322 0.250 2.015 2.265 1905 10.001 0.372 0.610 10.983 0.386 1.843 2.229 1910 12.714 0.540 1.007 14.261 0.539 1.765 2.304 1915 13.294 0.673 1.418 15.385 0.659 1.688 2.347 1920 15.504 0.813 2.676 18.993 0.738 1.610 2.348 1925 14.706 1.191 4.280 20.177 0.668 1.533 2.201 1930 13.639 1.932 5.897 21.468 0.752 1.455 2.207 1935 10.634 1.919 5.675 18.228 0.806 1.397 2.203 1940 12.535 2.665 7.760 22.960 0.880 1.358 2.238 1945 15.972 3.871 10.110 29.953 1.442 11.261 2.703 

1 There is a discontinuity in the "Wood" time series between 1945 and 1949. Through 1945, data are for

fuelwood only; beginning in 1949, data also include wood-derived fuel and wood byproducts burned as fuel.

NA=Not available. — = Not applicable. (s)=Less than 0.0005 quadrillion Btu. Notes: • For years not shown, there are no data available. • See Tables 1.3 and 10.1 for continuation

of these data series from 1949 forward. • See Note, "Geographic Coverage of Statistics for 1635-1945," atend of section.

Sources: Coal, Natural Gas, and Petroleum: Energy in the American Economy, 1850-1975, Table VII.

Conventional Hydroelectric Power: Energy in the American Economy, 1850-1975, Table II. Wood:

• 1635-1845: U.S. Department of Agriculture Circular No. 641, Fuel Wood Used in the United States

1630-1930, February 1942. This source estimates fuelwood con

converted to Btu using the conversion factor of 20 million Btu pedecade was assigned to the fifth year of the decade on the increase during any given decade and the average annual vayearly consumption than use at either the beginning or end of tare plotted at 10-year intervals. • 1850-1945: Energy in the AElectricity Net Imports: Energy in the American Economy, 185difference between hydroelectric consumption and hydroekilowatthour.

Appendix E
Appendix E

Note: Geographic Coverage of statistics for 1635-1945. Table E1 presentsestimates of U.S. energy consumption by energy source for a period that begins acentury and a half before the original 13 colonies formed a political union andcontinues through the decades during which the United States was still expandingterritorially. The question thus arises, what exactly is meant by “U.S. consumption”of an energy source for those years when the United States did not formally exist orconsisted of less territory than is now encompassed by the 50 States and the Districtof Columbia? The documents used to assemble the estimates, and (as far as possible) the sourcesof those documents, were reviewed carefully for clues to geographic coverage. Formost energy sources, the extent of coverage expanded more rapidly than the Nation,defined as all the official States and the District of Columbia. Estimates ormeasurements of consumption of each energy source generally appear to followsettlement patterns. That is, they were made for areas of the continent that weresettled enough to have economically significant consumption even though thoseareas were not to become States for years. The wood data series, for example,begins in 1635 and includes 12 of the original colonies (excepting Georgia), as well

as Maine, Vermont, and the area that would become 

the time the series reaches 1810, the rest of the contthough the last of the 48 States to achieve statehoLikewise, the coal data series begins in 1850 but isuch as Utah and Washington (State), which weregions but had not yet attained statehood. (Note: State-level historical coal consumption. The coal da1945 describe apparent consumption, i.e., productio

The geographic coverage for coal was therefore baseStates listed in various historical issues of Minerals was consumed in States where it was not mined in sigBy energy source, the extent of coverage can be summ

coal-producing States by 1885. • Natural Gas—

District of Columbia, and Alaska by 1885. • Petrole

the District of Columbia, and Alaska by 1885. • Power—Coverage for 1890 and 1895 is uncertain, bStates and the District of Columbia. Coverage for contiguous States, and the District of Columbia. • W

and the District of Columbia by 1810.

376 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004
Alcohol: The family name of a group of organic chemical compounds composed of

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The series of molecules vary in chain length and are

composed of a hydrocarbon plus a hydroxyl group: CH3-(CH2)n-OH (e.g., methanol, ethanol, and tertiary butyl alcohol). See Fuel Ethanol.

Alternative Fuel: As defined pursuant to the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT),methanol, denatured ethanol, and other alcohols, separately or in mixtures of 85

percent by volume or more (or other percentage not less than 70 as determined byDOE rule) with motor gasoline or other fuels, compressed natural gas (CNG),liquefied natural gas (LNG), liquefied petroleum gases (LPG), hydrogen, coalderived liquid fuels, fuels other than alcohols derived from biological materials,electricity, or any other fuel determined to be substantially not petroleum andyielding substantial energy security benefits and substantial environmental benefits.Alternative-Fueled Vehicle (AFV): A vehicle either designed and manufacturedby an original equipment manufacturer or a converted vehicle designed to operate ineither dual-fuel, flexible-fuel, or dedicated modes on fuels other than motor gasoline or diesel fuel. This does not include a conventional vehicle that is limited to

operation on blended or reformulated motor gasoline fuels.

Anthracite: The highest rank of coal; used primarily for residential and commercial space heating. It is a hard, brittle, and black lustrous coal, often referred to as

hard coal, containing a high percentage of fixed carbon and a low percentage ofvolatile matter. The moisture content of fresh-mined anthracite generally is less than15 percent. The heat content of anthracite ranges from 22 to 28 million Btu per

short ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat content of anthracite

consumed in the United States averages 25 million Btu per short ton, on theas-received basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture and mineral matter). Note:

Since the 1980’s, anthracite refuse or mine waste has been used for steam-electricpower generation. This fuel typically has a heat content of 15 million Btu per shortton or less. See Coal Rank. Anthracite Culm: Waste from Pennsylvania anthracite preparation plants,consisting of coarse rock fragments containing as much as 30 percent small-sizedcoal; sometimes defined as including very fine coal particles called silt. Its heatvalue ranges from 8 to 17 million Btu per short ton.

Anthropogenic: Made or generated by a human term is used in the context of global climate chan

that are the result of human activities, as well as activities, such as deforestation.API: The American Petroleum Institute, a trade asAPI Gravity: American Petroleum Institute mea

oil or condensate in degrees. An arbitrary scale exliquid petroleum products. The measuring scale 

API; it is calculated as follows: Degrees API = (141.5 / sp.gr.60 deg.F/60 deg.F) - Asphalt: A dark-brown to black cement-like mateessing and containing bitumens as the predominaroad construction. It includes crude asphalt as weucts: cements, fluxes, the asphalt content of empetroleum distillates blended with asphalt to mconversion factor for asphalt is 5.5 barrels per sho

ASTM: The acronym for the American Society foAviation Gasoline Blending Components: Naph

ing or compounding into finished aviation gaso

alkylate, reformate, benzene, toluene, and xylene)

ethers), butane, and pentanes plus. Oxygenates 

bons, hydrogen, and oxygenates.Aviation Gasoline, Finished: A complex mixturbons with or without small quantities of additivefor use in aviation reciprocating engines. Fuel speSpecification D910 and Military Specification MIL

components are not counted in data on finished av

Fuel, Kerosene-Type; and Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Ty

Barrel (Petroleum): A unit of volume equal to 42 

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 

Glossary
Barrels per Calendar Day: The amount of input that a distillation facility can

process under usual operating conditions. The amount is expressed in terms ofcapacity during a 24-hour period and reduces the maximum processing capability ofall units at the facility under continuous operation to account for the following limitations that may delay, interrupt, or slow down production: 1) the capability ofdownstream processing units to absorb the output of crude oil processing facilities

of a given refinery (no reduction is necessary for intermediate streams that aredistributed to other than downstream facilities as part of a refinery’s normal operation); 2) the types and grades of inputs to be processed; 3) the types and grades ofproducts expected to be manufactured; 4) the environmental constraints associatedwith refinery operations; 5) the reduction of capacity for scheduled downtime due tosuch conditions as routine inspection, maintenance, repairs, and turnaround; and 6)the reduction of capacity for unscheduled downtime due to such conditions asmechanical problems, repairs, and slowdowns.Base Gas: The volume of gas needed as a permanent inventory to maintainadequate underground storage reservoir pressures and deliverability rates throughout the withdrawal season. All native gas is included in the base gas volume.Biodiesel: Any liquid biofuel suitable as a diesel fuel substitute or diesel fuel additive or extender. Biodiesel can be made from transesterification of oils of vegetables

such as soybeans, rapeseed, or sunflowers (end product known as methyl ester) orfrom animal tallow (end product known as methyl tallowate). Biodiesel can also bemade by transesterification of hydrocarbons produced by the Fisher-Tropsch process from agricultural byproducts such as rice hulls.

Bituminous Coal: A dense coal, usually black, sometimes dark brown, often with

well-defined bands of bright and dull material, used primarily as fuel in steamelectric power generation, with substantial quantities also used for heat and powerapplications in manufacturing and making coke. Bituminous coal is the most abundant coal in active U.S. mining regions. Its moisture content usually is less than 20

percent. The heat content of bituminous coal ranges from 21 to 30 million Btu per

short ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat content of bituminous coalconsumed in the United States averages 24 million Btu per short ton, on theas-received basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture and mineral matter). See

Coal Rank.Black Liquor: A byproduct of the paper production process, alkaline spent liquor,that can be used as a source of energy. Alkaline spent liquor is removed from thedigesters in the process of chemically pulping wood. After evaporation, the residual"black" liquor is burned as a fuel in a recovery furnace that permits the recovery ofcertain basic chemicals.

British Thermal Unit (Btu): The quantity of heat reof 1 pound of liquid water by 1 degree Fahrenheit at has its greatest density (approximately 39 degrees Faha Quantity of Fuel, Gross, and Heat Content of a Q

Btu: See British Thermal Unit.Bunker Fuels: Fuel supplied to ships and aircrafconsisting primarily of residual fuel oil and dis

kerosene-type jet fuel for aircraft. The term “internadenote the consumption of fuel for international trapurposes of greenhouse gas emissions inventories, d

tion of international bunker fuels are subtracted frHistorically, bunker fuels have meant only ship fuel.Butane: A normally gaseous straight-chain or (C4H10) extracted from natural gas or refinery gas 

and normal butane and is designated in ASTM Specessors Association Specifications for commercial buta

Isobutane: A normally gaseous branched-ch

less paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature is extracted from natural gas or refinery gas Normal Butane: A normally gaseous straicolorless paraffinic gas that boils at a tempeheit. It is extracted from natural gas or refine

Butylene: An olefinic hydrocarbon (C4H8) recovere

Capacity: See Generator Capacity.Capacity Factor: See Generator Capacity Factor.

Carbon Dioxide: A colorless, odorless, non-poison

part of Earth’s atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is a produ

well as other processes. It is considered a greenhousenergy) radiated by the Earth into the atmosphere potential for global warming. The global warmingreenhouse gases is measured in relation to that of cnational scientific convention is assigned a value of oCarbon Dioxide Equivalent: The amount of carbinto the atmosphere that would produce the same e

378 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004
given weight of another radiatively active gas. Carbon dioxide equivalents are

computed by multiplying the weight of the gas being measured (for example, methane) by its estimated global warming potential (which is 21 for methane). “Carbonequivalent units” are defined as carbon dioxide equivalents multiplied by the carboncontent of carbon dioxide (i.e., 12/44).Chained Dollars: A measure used to express real prices. Real prices are those that

have been adjusted to remove the effect of changes in the purchasing power of thedollar; they usually reflect buying power relative to a reference year. Prior to 1996,real prices were expressed in constant dollars, a measure based on the weights ofgoods and services in a single year, usually a recent year. In 1996, the U.S. Department of Commerce introduced the chained-dollar measure. The new measure isbased on the average weights of goods and services in successive pairs of years. It is“chained” because the second year in each pair, with its weights, becomes the firstyear of the next pair. The advantage of using the chained-dollar measure is that it ismore closely related to any given period covered and is therefore subject to lessdistortion over time.Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC): Any of various compounds consisting of carbon,hydrogen, chlorine, and flourine used as refrigerants. CFCs are now thought to beharmful to the Earth’s atmosphere. City Gate: A point or measuring station at which a distribution gas utility receivesgas from a natural gas pipeline company or transmission system.

Climate Change: A term used to refer to all forms of climatic inconsistency, butespecially to significant change from one prevailing climatic condition to another.In some cases, “climate change” has been used synonymously with the term “globalwarming”; scientists, however, tend to use the term in a wider sense to includenatural changes in climate as well as climatic cooling.Coal: A readily combustible black or brownish-black rock whose composition,including inherent moisture, consists of more than 50 percent by weight and morethan 70 percent by volume of carbonaceous material. It is formed from plantremains that have been compacted, hardened, chemically altered, and metamorphosed by heat and pressure over geologic time. See Coal Rank. 

Coal Coke: See Coke, Coal.

Coal Rank: The classification of coals according to their degree of progressive

alteration from lignite to anthracite. In the United States, the standard ranks of coalinclude lignite, subbituminous coal, bituminous coal, and anthracite and are

based on fixed carbon, volatile matter, heating value, and agglomerating (or caking)

properties.

Coal Stocks: Coal quantities that are held in stora

Note: When coal data are collected for a particular or year), coal stocks are commonly measured as of Coke, Coal: A solid carbonaceous residue derive

minous coal from which the volatile constituent

oven at temperatures as high as 2,000 degrees Faand residual ash are fused together. Coke is used asmelting iron ore in a blast furnace. Coke from chas a heating value of 24.8 million Btu per short tCoke, Petroleum: A residue high in carbon con

the final product of thermal decomposition in the This product is reported as marketable coke or cbarrels (of 42 U.S. gallons each) per short ton. Cing value of 6.024 million Btu per barrel. Combined-Heat-and-Power (CHP) Plant: A plaand electricity. If one or more units of the plant is 

is designated as a CHP plant. Note: This term is “cogenerator” that was used by EIA in the past. Cbecause some of the plants included do not produfashion and, as a result, do not meet the legal definthe Public Utility Regulatory Polices Act (PURPA

Commercial Building: A building with more than 

for commercial activities. Commercial buildings stores, offices, schools, churches, gymnasiums, libics, warehouses, and jails. Government buildings military bases or reservations.Commercial Sector: An energy-consuming providing facilities and equipment of: businesses; ments; and other private and public organizatiofraternal groups. The commercial sector includes iincludes sewage treatment facilities. Common ussector include space heating, water heating, air co

cooking, and running a wide variety of other equigenerators that produce electricity and/or usef

support the activities of the above-mentioned comEIA programs differ in sectoral coverage—http://www.eia.doe.gov/neic/datadefinitions/Guide

Sectors and Energy-Use Sectors.

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 
Completion (Crude Oil/Natural Gas Production): The term refers to the installation of permanent equipment for the production of crude oil or natural gas. If a

well is equipped to produce only crude oil or natural gas from one zone or reservoir,the definition of a “well” (classified as a crude oil well or natural gas well) and the

definition of a “completion” are identical. However, if a well is equipped to producecrude oil and/or natural gas separately from more than one reservoir, a “well” is notsynonymous with a “completion.”Compressed Natural Gas (CNG): Natural gas compressed to a volume and

density that is practical as a portable fuel supply (even when compressed, naturalgas is not a liquid).Conventional Hydroelectric Power: See Hydroelectric Power, Conventional.

Conventional Motor Gasoline: See Motor Gasoline, Conventional.Conversion Factor: A number that translates units of one system into corresponding values of another system. Conversion factors can be used to translate physicalunits of measure for various fuels into Btu equivalents.Cooling Tower: A common type of environmental equipment installed at electricpower plants used to transfer heat, produced by burning fuel, to the atmosphere.Cooling towers are installed where there is insufficient cooling water available orwhere waste heat discharged into cooling water would affect marine life.Criteria Pollutant: A pollutant determined to be hazardous to human health and

regulated under the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) National AmbientAir Quality Standards. The 1970 amendments to the Clean Air Act require EPA todescribe the health and welfare impacts of a pollutant as the “criteria” for inclusionin the regulatory regime.Crude Oil: A mixture of hydrocarbons that exists in liquid phase in natural underground reservoirs and remains liquid at atmospheric pressure after passing through

surface separating facilities. Depending upon the characteristics of the crude stream,it may also include: 1) small amounts of hydrocarbons that exist in gaseous phase innatural underground reservoirs but are liquid at atmospheric pressure after beingrecovered from oil well (casinghead) gas in lease separators and are subsequentlycommingled with the crude stream without being separately measured. Leasecondensate recovered as a liquid from natural gas wells in lease or field separation

facilities and later mixed into the crude stream is also included; 2) small amounts ofnonhydrocarbons produced with the oil, such as sulfur and various metals; and 3)drip gases, and liquid hydrocarbons produced from tar sands, gilsonite, and oilshale. Liquids produced at natural gas processing plants are excluded. Crude oil isrefined to produce a wide array of petroleum products, including heating oils;

gasoline, diesel and jet fuels; lubricants; asphalt; e

and many other products used for their energy or che

Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Price: The 

domestic crude oil, consistent with the removal pric

the Windfall Profits Tax on Domestic Crude Oil (P[c]).Crude Oil Landed Cost: The price of crude oil at t

charges associated with purchasing, transporting, apurchase point to the port of discharge. The cost doeat the discharge port (e.g., import tariffs or fees, wharCrude Oil Refiner Acquisition Cost: The cost of cing transportation and other fees. The composite codomestic and imported crude oil costs. The refiner acthe cost of crude oil purchased for the Strategic Petr

Crude Oil Refinery Input: The total crude oil refineries.Crude Oil Stocks: Stocks of crude oil and lease copetroleum pipelines, at pipeline terminals, and on leaCrude Oil Used Directly: Crude oil consumed as 

and on crude oil leases.Crude Oil Well: A well completed for the producmore crude oil zones or reservoirs. Wells producing are classified as crude oil wells.Cubic Foot (Natural Gas) The amount of natu

temperature and pressure (60 degrees Fahrenheit asquare inch) in a cube whose edges are one foot long.Degree-Day Normals: Simple arithmetic averages 

days over a long period of time (usually the 30-year ages may be simple degree-day normals or ponormals.Degree-Days, Cooling (CDD): A measure of how wof time relative to a base temperature, most commonlenheit. The measure is computed for each day by su(65 degrees) from the average of the day’s high and l

380 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004
values set equal to zero. Each day’s cooling degree-days are summed to create a

cooling degree-day measure for a specified reference period. Cooling degree-daysare used in energy analysis as an indicator of air conditioning energy requirementsor use.Degree-Days, Heating (HDD): A measure of how cold a location is over a periodof time relative to a base temperature, most commonly specified as 65 degrees Fahrenheit. The measure is computed for each day by subtracting the average of theday’s high and low temperatures from the base temperature (65 degrees), with negative values set equal to zero. Each day’s heating degree-days are summed to create aheating degree-day measure for a specified reference period. Heating degree-daysare used in energy analysis as an indicator of space heating energy requirements oruse.Degree-Days, Population-Weighted: Heating or cooling degree-days weighted

by the population of the area in which the degree-days are recorded. To computeState population-weighted degree-days, each State is divided into from one to nine

climatically homogeneous divisions, which are assigned weights based on the ratioof the population of the division to the total population of the State. Degree-dayreadings for each division are multiplied by the corresponding population weight for

each division and those products are then summed to arrive at the State populationweighted degree-day figure. To compute national population-weighted degree-days,

the Nation is divided into nine Census regions, each comprising from three to eightStates, which are assigned weights based on the ratio of the population of the regionto the total population of the Nation. Degree-day readings for each region are multiplied by the corresponding population weight for each region and those products arethen summed to arrive at the national population-weighted degree-day figure.Demand-Side Management: The planning, implementation, and monitoring ofelectric utility activities designed to encourage consumers to modify patterns ofelectricity usage, including the timing and level of electricity demand.Demonstrated Reserve Base (Coal): A collective term for the sum of coal in bothmeasured and indicated resource categories of reliability, representing 100 percentof the in-place coal in those categories as of a certain date. Includes beds of bituminous coal and anthracite 28 or more inches thick and beds of subbituminous coal

60 or more inches thick that can occur at depths of as much as 1,000 feet. Includesbeds of lignite 60 or more inches thick that can be surface mined. Includes alsothinner and/or deeper beds that currently are being mined or for which there isevidence that they could be mined commercially at a given time. Represents thatportion of the identified coal resource from which reserves are calculated.Development Well: A well drilled within the proved area of a crude oil or natural

gas reservoir to the depth of a stratigraphic horizon known to be productive.

Diesel Fuel: A fuel composed of distillate fuel ooperation or blends of such distillate fuel oils wit

vehicles. The boiling point and specific gravity argasoline. Direct Use: Use of electricity that 1) is self-gener

same entity that consumes the power or an affiliatof a service or industrial process located within th

ties that house the generating equipment. Direct usDistillate Fuel Oil: A general classification for 

produced in conventional distillation operations. oils. Products known as No. 1, No. 2, and No. 4 ddiesel engines, such as those found in cars and engines, such as those in railroad locomotives and known as No. 1, No. 2, and No. 4 fuel oils are useelectricity generation.Distillation Unit (Atmospheric): The primary crude oil (including mixtures of other hydrocapheric conditions. It includes a pipe still for vaptionation tower for separating the vaporized hydroil into fractions with different boiling ranges. Thizing and condensing the components to separate hselected boiling ranges are set by the processing scoil, and the product specifications.District Heat: Steam or hot water from an outside 

in a building. The steam or hot water is produced ithe building. District heat may be purchased from plant in a separate building that is part of the samcomplex or university).Dry Hole: An exploratory well or developmen

producing either crude oil or natural gas in suffition as a crude oil well or natural gas well.Dry Natural Gas: See Natural Gas, Dry.

Dry Natural Gas Production: See Natural Gas 

Dual-Fired Unit: A generating unit that can pmore input fuels. In some of these units, only the pously; the alternate fuel(s) can be used only as a sta

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 
Eastern Europe and Former U.S.S.R.: Includes Albania, Azerbaijan, Belarus,

Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Georgia, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. See U.S.S.R.Electric Energy: The ability of an electric current to produce work, heat, light, or

other forms of energy. It is measured in kilowatthours.

Electric Power Plant: A station containing prime movers, electric generators, and

auxiliary equipment for converting mechanical, chemical, and/or fission energy into

electricity.Electric Power Sector: An energy-consuming sector that consists of electricityonly and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants within the NAICS (NorthAmerican Industry Classification System) 22 category whose primary business is tosell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Note: This sector includes electric utilities and independent power producers. See Energy-Use Sectors.

Electric Utility: A corporation, person, agency, authority, or other legal entity orinstrumentality aligned with distribution facilities for delivery of electric energy for

use primarily by the public. Included are investor-owned electric utilities, municipaland State utilities, Federal electric utilities, and rural electric cooperatives. A fewentities that are tariff based and corporately aligned with companies that own distribution facilities are also included. Electric utilities are included in the electricpower sector. Note: Due to the issuance of FERC Order 888 that required traditional electric utilities to functionally unbundle their generation, transmission, anddistribution operations, “electric utility” currently has inconsistent interpretationsfrom State to State. See Electric Power Sector.Electrical System Energy Losses: The amount of energy lost during generation,

transmission, and distribution of electricity, including plant and unaccounted-for

uses.Electricity: A form of energy characterized by the presence and motion of elementary charged particles generated by friction, induction, or chemical change.

Electricity Generation: The process of producing electric energy, or the amount

of electric energy produced by transforming other forms of energy; commonlyexpressed in kilowatthours (kWh) or megawatthours (MWh). See Electricity

Generation, Gross and Electricity Generation, Net.

Electricity Generation, Gross: The total amount of electric energy produced by

generating units and measured at the generating terminal.

Electricity Generation, Net: The amount of gro

station use (the electric energy consumed at the gservice or auxiliaries). Note: Electricity required f

pumped-storage plants is regarded as electricity for from gross generation.Electricity Retail Sales: The amount of electricity 

other energy service providers to customers purch

use and not for resale. These sales are usually grouperesidential, commercial, industrial, and other. “Otherstreet and highway lighting and other sales to publiinterdepartmental sales.Electricity-Only Plant: A plant designed to pCombined-Heat-and-Power (CHP) Plant.Emissions: Anthropogenic releases of gases to the 

global climate change, they consist of radiatively 

(e.g., the release of carbon dioxide during fuel comb

End-Use Sectors: The residential, commercial, in

sectors of the economy. See Energy-Use Sectors.

Energy: The capacity for doing work as measured b

(potential energy) or the conversion of this capabiliEnergy has several forms, some of which are easily cto another form useful for work. Most of the world’s fossil fuels that are burned to produce heat that is themechanical or other means in order to accomplish ta

measured in kilowatthours, while heat energy is usu

mal units.Energy Consumption: The use of energy as a souinput in the manufacturing process.Energy Expenditures: The money spent directlenergy. Expenditures equal the amount of energy uprice per unit paid by the consumer.Energy Service Provider: An energy entity that prouse customer.Energy Source: Any substance or natural phenomtransformed to supply heat or power. Examples incl

382 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004
gas, nuclear, wood, waste, electricity, wind, geothermal, sunlight (solar energy),

water movement, and hydrogen in fuel cells.

Energy-Use Sectors: A group of major energy-consuming components of

U.S. society developed to measure and analyze energy use. The sectors mostcommonly referred to in EIA are: residential, commercial, industrial, transportation, and electric power.

Ethane: A normally gaseous straight-chain hydrocarbon (C2H6). It is a colorless,

paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature of -127.48 degrees Fahrenheit. It isextracted from natural gas and refinery gas streams.Ether: The family name applied to a group of organic chemical compoundscomposed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and which are characterized by anoxygen atom attached to two carbon atoms (for example, methyl tertiary butylether).Ethanol: See Fuel Ethanol.

Ethyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (ETBE): A colorless, flammable, oxygenated hydrocarbon blend stock, (CH3)3COC2H5, formed by the catalytic etherification of

isobutylene with ethanol. See Oxygenates.Ethylene: An olefinic hydrocarbon recovered from refinery processes or petrochemical processes. Ethylene is used as a petrochemical feedstock for numerous

chemical applications and the production of consumer goods.Exploratory Well: A well drilled to find and produce crude oil or natural gas inan area previously considered unproductive, to find a new reservoir in a known field(i.e., one previously producing crude oil or natural gas in another reservoir), or toextend the limit of a known crude oil or natural gas reservoir.Exports: Shipments of goods from within the 50 States and the District of Columbia to U.S. possessions and territories or to foreign countries.Extraction Loss: The reduction in volume of natural gas due to the removal of

natural gas liquid constituents such as ethane, propane, and butane at natural gas

processing plants.Federal Energy Administration (FEA): A predecessor of the Energy InformationAdministration. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC): The Federal agency withjurisdiction over interstate electricity sales, wholesale electric rates, hydroelectric

licensing, natural gas pricing, petroleum pipelin

certification. FERC is an independent regulatory Energy and is the successor to the Federal Power CFederal Power Commission (FPC): The predEnergy Regulatory Commission. The Federal Po

an Act of Congress under the Federal Water Powcharged originally with regulating the electric powwas abolished on September 30, 1977, when the DIts functions were divided between the DepartmEnergy Regulatory Commission, an independent reFinancial Reporting System (FRS): The Enerstatutory requirement to identify major energy-pand implement a data-reporting program for energy 

tion from these companies. Companies are select

publicly-owned U.S. crude oil producers that hproduction or reserves of crude oil, natural gasStates, or 1 percent of either refining capacity or 

United States.Finished Motor Gasoline: See Motor Gasoline, 

First Purchase Price: See Crude Oil Domestic FFirst Use: Manufacturing establishments’ cons

originally produced offsite or was produced onsitfied as energy.Fiscal Year: The U.S. Government’s fiscal yeSeptember 30. The fiscal year is designated by the.g., fiscal year 2004 began on October 1, 2002, anFlared Natural Gas: See Natural Gas, Flared.F.O.B.: See Free on Board.Footage Drilled: Total footage for wells in variospecified period, includes (1) the deepest total dewells drilled from the surface, (2) the total of all bytion with reported wells, and (3) all new footage wells. Footage reported for directional sidetrack wthe common bore, which is reported as footage fo

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 
old wells drilled deeper, the reported footage is that which was drilled below the

total depth of the old well.Former U.S.S.R.: See U.S.S.R.

Forward Costs (Uranium): The operating and capital costs that will be incurred inany future production of uranium from in-place reserves. Included are costs for

labor, materials, power and fuel, royalties, payroll taxes, insurance, and general andadministrative costs that are dependent upon the quantity of production and, thus,applicable as variable costs of production. Excluded from forward costs are priorexpenditures, if any, incurred for property acquisition, exploration, mine development, and mill construction, as well as income taxes, profit, and the cost of money.Note: By use of forward costing, estimates of reserves for uranium ore deposits in

differing geological settings can be aggregated and reported as the maximumamount that can theoretically be extracted to recover the specified costs of uraniumoxide production under the listed forward cost categories.Fossil Fuel: An energy source formed in the Earth’s crust from decayed organic

material, such as petroleum, coal, and natural gas.

Fossil-Fueled Steam-Electric Power Plant: An electric power plant in which the

prime mover is a turbine rotated by high-pressure steam produced in a boiler byheat from burning fossil fuels.Fractionation: The process by which saturated hydrocarbons are removed from

natural gas and separated into distinct parts, or “fractions” such as propane,

butane, and ethane.

Free Alongside Ship (F.A.S.): The value of a commodity at the port of

exportation, generally including the purchase price plus all charges incurred in placing the commodity alongside the carrier at the port of exportation.Free on Board (F.O.B.): A sales transaction in which the seller makes the productavailable for pick up at a specified port or terminal at a specified price and the buyerpays for the subsequent transportation and insurance.Free on Board (F.O.B.) Rail/Barge Price: The free on board price of coal at thepoint of first sale. It excludes freight or shipping and insurance costs.Fuel Ethanol: An anhydrous, denatured aliphatic alcohol (C2H5OH) intended for

motor gasoline blending. See Oxygenates.Full-Power Operation: Operation of a nuclear generating unit at 100 percent of

its design capacity. Full-power operation precedes commercial operation.

Gasohol: A blend of finished motor gasoline conta

nol but sometimes methanol) at a concentration betwby volume. See Oxygenates. 

Generating Unit: Any combination of physically c

boilers, combustion turbines, or other prime moverelectric power.Generator: A machine that converts mechanical ene

Generator Capacity: The maximum output, comm(MW), that generating equipment can supply to systconditions. See Generator Nameplate (Installed) 

Summer Capacity.Generator Capacity Factor: The ratio of the el

generating unit for a given period of time to the ebeen produced at continuous full-power operation durGenerator Nameplate (Installed) Capacity: The generator, prime mover, or other electric power 

specific conditions designated by the manufacturer. capacity is commonly expressed in megawatts (MWnameplate physically attached to the generator.Generator Net Summer Capacity: The maximum omegawatts (MW), that generating equipment can supstrated by a multi-hour test, at the time of summer pthrough October 31). This output reflects a reductiouse for station service or auxiliaries.Geothermal Energy: Hot water or steam extracted 

the Earth’s crust and used for geothermal heat pumpgeneration.Global Warming: An increase in the near-surface te

warming has occurred in the distant past as the resulterm is today most often used to refer to the warmioccur as a result of increased anthropogenic emissiClimate Change.Global Warming Potential (GWP): An index used tive forcing of different gases without directly calcpheric concentrations. GWPs are calculated as the ra

384 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004
would result from the emission of one kilogram of a greenhouse gas to that from

the emission of one kilogram of carbon dioxide over a period of time, such as 100

years.Greenhouse Gases: Those gases, such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrous

oxide, methane, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and

sulfur hexafluoride, that are transparent to solar (short-wave) radiation but opaqueto long-wave radiation, thus preventing long-wave radiant energy from leaving theEarth’s atmosphere. The net effect is a trapping of absorbed radiation and atendency to warm the planet’s surface.Gross Domestic Product (GDP): The total value of goods and services producedby labor and property located in the United States. As long as the labor and propertyare located in the United States, the supplier (that is, the workers and, for property,the owners) may be either U.S. residents or residents of foreign countries.Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Implicit Price Deflator: A measure used toconvert nominal prices to real prices. See Chained Dollars.

Gross Electricity Generation: See Electricity Generation, Gross.Gross Withdrawals: See Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals.Gross Input to Atmospheric Crude Oil Distillation Units: Total input to atmospheric crude oil distillation units. Includes all crude oil, lease condensate, naturalgas plant liquids, unfinished oils, liquefied refinery gases, slop oils, and otherliquid hydrocarbons produced from tar sands, gilsonite, and oil shale.Heat Content of a Quantity of Fuel, Gross: The total amount of heat releasedwhen a fuel is burned. Coal, crude oil, and natural gas all include chemicalcompounds of carbon and hydrogen. When those fuels are burned, the carbon andhydrogen combine with oxygen in the air to produce carbon dioxide and water.

Some of the energy released in burning goes into transforming the water into steam

and is usually lost. The amount of heat spent in transforming the water into steam iscounted as part of gross heat content but is not counted as part of net content. Gross

heat content is also referred to as the higher heating value. Btu conversion factorstypically used by the Energy Information Administration represent gross heatcontent.Heat Content of a Quantity of Fuel, Net: The amount of usable heat energy

released when a fuel is burned under conditions similar to those in which it isnormally used. Net heat content is also referred to as the lower heating value. Btuconversion factors typically used by the Energy Information Administration represent gross heat content.

Household: A family, an individual, or a group occupying the same housing unit. “Occupy” mperson’s usual or permanent place of residence.Housing Unit: A house, an apartment, a group oeither occupied or intended for occupancy as separ

individual, or a group of one to nine unrelated means the occupants (1) live and eat separately frapartment and (2) have direct access from the outcommon hall—that is, they can get to it withouliving quarters. Housing units do not include group ing homes where ten or more unrelated persons livresidents is an indication of group quarters. Hotel housing units if occupied as the usual or permanenHydrocarbon: An organic chemical compound gaseous, liquid, or solid phase. The molecular struvaries from the simplest (methane, a constituent o

and very complex.Hydroelectric Power: The production of electrfalling water. See Hydroelectric Power, CoPumped Storage.Hydroelectric Power, Conventional: Hydroelecing water that is not created by hydroelectric pumHydroelectric Pumped Storage: Hydroelectric peak load periods by using water previously pumpvoir during off-peak periods when excess generatiWhen additional generating capacity is needed, threservoir through a conduit to turbine generato

plant at a lower level.Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs): A group of man-mor two carbon atoms and varying numbers of hyd

HFCs have 100-year global warming potentials in Hydrogen (H): The lightest of all gases, hydrogwith oxygen in water. It also exists in acids, baseshydrocarbons.Implicit Price Deflator: See Chained Dollars.

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 
Imports: Receipts of goods into the 50 States and the District of Columbia from

U.S. possessions and territories or from foreign countries.Independent Power Producer: A corporation, person, agency, authority, or otherlegal entity or instrumentality that owns or operates facilities for the generation ofelectricity for use primarily by the public, and that is not an electric utility. Independent power producers are included in the electric power sector.Indicated Resources, Coal: Coal for which estimates of the coal rank, quality,and quantity are based partly on sample analyses and measurements and partly onreasonable geologic projections. Indicated resources are computed partly fromspecified measurements and partly from projection of visible data for a reasonabledistance on the basis of geologic evidence. The points of observation are 1⁄2 to 11⁄2miles apart. Indicated coal is projected to extend as a 1⁄2-mile-wide belt that liesmore than 1⁄4 mile from the outcrop or points of observation or measurement.Industrial Sector: An energy-consuming sector that consists of all facilities and

equipment used for producing, processing, or assembling goods. The industrialsector encompasses the following types of activity: manufacturing (NAICS codes

31-33); agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting (NAICS code 11); mining, including oil and gas extraction (NAICS code 21); and construction (NAICS code 23).Overall energy use in this sector is largely for process heat and cooling and powering machinery, with lesser amounts used for facility heating, air conditioning, andlighting. Fossil fuels are also used as raw material inputs to manufactured products.Note: This sector includes generators that produce electricity and/or useful thermal output primarily to support the above-mentioned industrial activities. Various

EIA programs differ in sectoral coverage—for more information seehttp://www.eia.doe.gov/neic/datadefinitions/Guideforwebind.htm. See End-Use

Sectors and Energy-Use Sectors.

Isobutane: See Butane.

Isobutylene: An olefinic hydrocarbon recovered from refinery processes or petrochemical processes.

Isopentane: A saturated branched-chain hydrocarbon obtained by fractionationof natural gasoline or isomerization of normal pentane.Jet Fuel: A refined petroleum product used in jet aircraft engines. See Jet Fuel,

Kerosene-Type and Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type.

Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type: A kerosene-based product with a maximum distillationtemperature of 400 degrees Fahrenheit at the 10-percent recovery point and a finalmaximum boiling point of 572 degrees Fahrenheit and meeting ASTM Specification

1655 and Military Specifications MIL-T-5624P and and JP-8). It is used for commercial and military tengines.Jet Fuel, Naphtha-Type: A fuel in the heavy napht

age gravity of 52.8o API, 20 to 90 percent distillatidegrees Fahrenheit, and meeting Military SpecificatioIt is used primarily for military turbojet and turbophas a lower freeze point than other aviation fuels and 

high altitudes and speeds.Kerosene: A light petroleum distillate that is used and water heaters and is suitable for use as a light solamps. Kerosene has a maximum distillation temperaat the 10-percent recovery point, a final boiling point a minimum flash point of 100 degrees Fahrenheit. 2-K, the two grades recognized by ASTM Specificatgrades of kerosene called range or stove oil, which hof No. 1 fuel oil. See Jet Fuel, Kerosene-Type.

Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel: See Jet Fuel, Kerosene-T

Kilowatt: A unit of electrical power equal to 1,000 

Kilowatthour (kWh): A measure of electricity 

energy, measured as 1 kilowatt (1,000 watts) of 

One kilowatthour is equivalent to 3,412 Btu. See 

Landed Cost: See Crude Oil Landed Cost.Lease and Plant Fuel: Natural gas used in well, fias natural gas used in drilling operations, heaters, dsors) and used as fuel in natural gas processing plantsLease Condensate: A mixture consisting primarily o

carbons which is recovered as a liquid from natura

ties. This category excludes natural gas plant l

propane, which are recovered at downstream natural ties. Lignite: The lowest rank of coal, often referred to 

exclusively as fuel for steam-electric power generatioa high inherent moisture content, sometimes as high of lignite ranges from 9 to 17 million Btu 

386 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004
mineral-matter-free basis. The heat content of lignite consumed in the United States

averages 13 million Btu per short ton, on the as-received basis (i.e., containing bothinherent moisture and mineral matter). See Coal Rank.Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG): Natural gas (primarily methane) that has beenliquefied by reducing its temperature to -260 degrees Fahrenheit at atmosphericpressure.Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG): A group of hydrocarbon-based gases derived

from crude oil refining or natural gas fractionation. They include ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, normal butane, butylene, isobutane, and isobutylene.

For convenience of transportation, these gases are liquefied through pressurization.Liquefied Refinery Gases (LRG): Liquefied petroleum gases fractionated from

refinery or still gases. Through compression and/or refrigeration, they are retainedin the liquid state. The reported categories are ethane/ethylene, propane/propylene, normal butane/butylene, and isobutane. Excludes still gas.

Losses: See Electrical System Energy Losses.Low-Power Testing: The period of time between a nuclear generating unit’sinitial fuel loading date and the issuance of its operating (full-power) license. Themaximum level of operation during that period is 5 percent of the unit’s design thermal rating.Lubricants: Substances used to reduce friction between bearing surfaces or incorporated into other materials used as processing aids in the manufacture of other

products, or used as carriers of other materials. Petroleum lubricants may be

produced either from distillates or residues. Lubricants include all grades of lubricating oils, from spindle oil to cylinder oil, and those used in greases.Manufacturing: An energy-consuming subsector of the industrial sector that

consists of all facilities and equipment engaged in the mechanical, physical, chemical, or electronic transformation of materials, substances, or components into newproducts. Assembly of component parts of products is included, except for thatwhich is included in construction.Measured Resources, Coal: Coal resources for which estimates of the coal rank,

quality, and quantity have been computed, within a margin of error of less than 20percent, from sample analyses and measurements from closely spaced and geologically well known sample sites. Measured resources are computed from dimensionsrevealed in outcrops, trenches, mine workings, and drill holes. The points of observation and measurement are so closely spaced and the thickness and extent of coalsare so well defined that the tonnage is judged to be accurate within 20 percent.

Although the spacing of the point of observation nity of the coal differs from region to region, accor

beds, the points of observation are no greater tha

projected to extend as a belt 1⁄4 mile wide from the or measurement.Methane: A colorless, flammable, odorless hydr

major component of natural gas. It is also an impo

ous industrial processes.Methanol: A light, volatile alcohol (CH3OH

blending. See Oxygenates.

Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE): An et

motor gasoline blending. See Oxygenates.Miscellaneous Petroleum Products: All finished fied elsewhere—for example, petrolatum, lube extracts and tars), absorption oils, ram-jet fuel, natural gas feedstocks, and specialty oils.Motor Gasoline Blending: Mechanical mixincomponents and oxygenates as required, to prFinished motor gasoline may be further mixed wicomponents or oxygenates, resulting in increased line and/or changes in the formulation of finishetional motor gasoline mixed with MTBE to produ

Motor Gasoline Blending Components: Naph

alkylate, reformate, benzene, toluene, xylene) usinto finished motor gasoline. These componenblendstock for oxygenate blending (RBOB) but ethers), butane, and pentanes plus. Note: Oxygcomponents and are included in the total for otheoxygenates.Motor Gasoline, Conventional: Finished mot

oxygenated or reformulated motor gasoline cexcludes reformulated gasoline blendstock for oxyas other blendstock. Conventional motor gasoliregular, midgrade, or premium. See Motor GasolinMotor Gasoline, Finished: A complex mixture bons with or without small quantities of additive

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 
for use in spark-ignition. Motor gasoline, as defined in ASTM Specification D-4814

or Federal Specification VV-G-1690C, is characterized as having a boiling range of122oF to 158oF at the 10-percent recovery point to 365oF to 374oF at the 90-percentrecovery point. “Motor gasoline” includes conventional motor gasoline, all types

of oxygenated motor gasoline including gasohol, and reformulated motor gasoline, but excludes aviation gasoline. Note: Volumetric data on motor gasoline

blending components, as well as oxygenates, are not counted in data on finished

motor gasoline until the blending components are blended into the gasoline.Motor Gasoline Grades: The classification of gasoline by octane ratings. Eachtype of gasoline (conventional, oxygenated, and reformulated; leaded orunleaded) is classified by three grades: regular, midgrade, and premium. Note:

Motor gasoline sales are reported by grade in accordance with their classification atthe time of sale. In general, automotive octane requirements are lower at high altitudes. Therefore, in some areas of the United States, such as the Rocky MountainStates, the octane ratings for the gasoline grades may be 2 or more octane pointslower.

Regular Gasoline: Gasoline having an antiknock index, i.e., octane rating,

greater than or equal to 85 and less than 88. Midgrade Gasoline: Gasoline having an antiknock index, i.e., octane rating,

greater than or equal to 88 and less than or equal to 90. Premium Gasoline: Gasoline having an antiknock index, i.e., octane rating,greater than 90.

Motor Gasoline, Oxygenated: Finished motor gasoline other than reformulated

motor gasoline, having an oxygen content of 2.7 percent or higher by weight andrequired by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to be sold in areasdesignated by EPA as carbon monoxide (CO) nonattainment areas. Note: Oxygenated gasoline excludes reformulated gasoline, oxygenated fuels program reformulated gasoline (OPRG), and reformulated gasoline blendstock for oxygenatedblending (RBOB). It can be formulated for regular, midgrade, or premium grade.See Motor Gasoline Grades.

Motor Gasoline, Reformulated: Finished motor gasoline formulated for use in

motor vehicles, the composition and properties of which meet the requirements ofthe reformulated gasoline regulations promulgated by the U.S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency under Section 211(k) of the Clean Air Act. Note: This categoryincludes oxygenated fuels program reformulated gasoline (OPRG) but excludesreformulated gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending (RBOB). It can be formulated for regular, midgrade, and premium grades. See Motor Gasoline Grades.

MTBE: See Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether.NAICS: See North American Industry Classificati

Naphtha: A generic term applied to a petroleum 

boiling range between 122 and 400o F.Naphtha-Type Jet Fuel: See Jet Fuel, Naphtha-TyNatural Gas: A gaseous mixture of hydrocarbon cused as a fuel for electricity generation and in a vaas raw material input and fuel for industrial processesNatural Gas, Dry: Natural gas which remains afte

bon portion has been removed from the gas stream (iplant separation); and 2) any volumes of nonhyremoved where they occur in sufficient quantity to Note: Dry natural gas is also known as consumer-grafor measurement are cubic feet at 60 degrees Fahsquare inch absolute.Natural Gas (Dry) Production: The process of prod

gas. Natural gas withdrawn from reservoirs is redproduction (lease) site and by processing losses. Vsite include 1) the volume returned to reservoirs in cyvoirs, and conservation operations; and 2) vented n

gas. Processing losses include 1) nonhydrocarb

carbon dioxide, helium, hydrogen sulfide, and nitstream; and 2) gas converted to liquid form, such as 

gas plant liquids. Volumes of dry gas withdrawn fnot considered part of production. Dry natural gas p

marketed production less extraction loss.Natural Gas, Flared: Natural gas burned in flares essing plants.Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals: Full well stream 

gas, excluding lease condensate separated at the leasNatural Gas Liquids (NGL): A general term for all natural gas in gas processing or cycling plants. Th

liquids and lease condensate.

388 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004
Natural Gas Marketed Production: Natural gas gross withdrawals from

production reservoirs, less gas used for reservoir repressuring; nonhydrocarbon

gases removed in treating or processing operations; and quantities of vented natural gas and flared natural gas. Includes all quantities of natural gas used in field

and processing operations.Natural Gas Pipeline: A continuous pipe conduit, complete with such equipmentas valves, compressor stations, communications systems, and meters, for transporting natural gas and/or supplemental gaseous fuels from one point to another,

usually from a point in or beyond the producing field or processing plant to anotherpipeline or to points of utilization. Also refers to a company operating suchfacilities.Natural Gas Plant Liquids (NGPL): Those hydrocarbons in natural gas that are

separated as liquids at downstream gas processing plants, fractionating and cyclingplants, and in some instances at field facilities. Lease condensate is excluded. Products obtained include liquefied petroleum gases and pentanes plus.

Natural Gas, Vented: Natural gas released into the air on the production site or atprocessing plants.Natural Gas Well: A well completed for the production of natural gas from one

or more natural gas zones or reservoirs. (Wells producing both crude oil and natural

gas are classified as crude oil wells.)

Natural Gas Wellhead Price: Price of natural gas calculated by dividing the total

reported value at the wellhead by the total quantity produced as reported by theappropriate agencies of individual producing States and the U.S. Mineral Management Service. The price includes all costs prior to shipment from the lease, including gathering and compression costs, in addition to State production, severance, andsimilar charges.Natural Gasoline: A mixture of hydrocarbons (mostly pentanes and heavier)extracted from natural gas that meets vapor pressure, end-point, and other specifications for natural gasoline set by the Gas Processors Association. Includes isopentane, which is a saturated branch-chain hydrocarbon obtained by fractionation ofnatural gasoline or isomerization of normal pentane.NERC: See North American Electric Reliability Council.

Net Electricity Generation: See Electricity Generation, Net.

Net Summer Capacity: See Generator Net Summer Capacity.

Neutral Zone: A 6,200 square-mile area shared eArabia under a 1992 agreement. Nitrogen Oxides (Nox): Compounds of nitrogen a

ing of fossil fuels.

Nominal Dollars: A measure used to express nom

Nominal Price: The price paid for a product or stion. Nominal prices are those that have not been changes in the purchasing power of the dollar; they in which the transaction occurred.Noncoincident Peak Load: The sum of two osystems that do not occur in the same time intervaof loads within a limited period of time, such as cooling season, and usually for not more than 1 yeaNonhydrocarbon Gases: Typical nonhydrocarboreservoir natural gas, such as carbon dioxide, he

gen. Normal Butane: See Butane.

North American Electric Reliability Council (Nby the electric utility industry to promote the power supply in the electric utility systems of Nregional reliability councils and encompasses essencontiguous United States, Canada, and Mexico. Reliability Councils athttp://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/chg_str_fuNorth American Industry Classification Systedeveloped jointly by the United States, Canada, aand industries according to the type of economic aNAICS replaces the Standard Industrial ClassificatNuclear Electric Power (Nuclear Power): Electthermal energy released from the fission of nuclear Nuclear Electric Power Plant: A single-unit oproduced in one or more reactors by the fissioninone or more steam turbines.

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 
Nuclear Reactor: An apparatus in which a nuclear fission chain reaction can be

initiated, controlled, and sustained at a specific rate. A reactor includes fuel (fissionable material), moderating material to control the rate of fission, a heavy-walled

pressure vessel to house reactor components, shielding to protect personnel, asystem to conduct heat away from the reactor, and instrumentation for monitoringand controlling the reactor's systems.OECD: See Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.

Offshore: That geographic area that lies seaward of the coastline. In general, thecoastline is the line of ordinary low water along with that portion of the coast that isin direct contact with the open sea or the line marking the seaward limit of inlandwater. If a State agency uses a different basis for classifying onshore and offshoreareas, the State classification is used (e.g., Cook Inlet in Alaska is classified asoffshore; for Louisiana, the coastline is defined as the Chapman Line, as modifiedby subsequent adjudication).Oil: See Crude Oil.Operable Nuclear Unit: In the United States, a nuclear generating unit that has

completed low-power testing and is in possession of a full-power operating licenseissued by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.Operable Refineries: Refineries that were in one of the following three categoriesat the beginning of a given year: in operation; not in operation and not under activerepair, but capable of being placed into operation within 30 days; or not inoperation, but under active repair that could be completed within 90 days.Operating Income: Operating revenues less operating expenses. Excludes items ofother revenue and expense, such as equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates,dividends, interest income and expense, income taxes, extraordinary items, andcumulative effect of accounting changes.Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD): An international organization helping governments tackle the economic, social and governance challenges of a globalized economy. Its membership comprises about 30member countries. With active relationships with some 70 other countries, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and civil society, it has a global reach. Fordetails about the organization, see http://www.oecd.org.Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC): Countries thathave organized for the purpose of negotiating with oil companies on matters of oilproduction, prices, and future concession rights. Current members (as of the date ofwriting this definition) are Algeria, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria,

Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and http://www.opec.org for more information.Other Hydrocarbons: Materials received by a ref

material. Includes hydrogen, coal tar derivativesreceived by the refinery for reforming into hydrogenis excluded.Oxygenated Motor Gasoline: See Motor Gasoline, Oxygenates: Substances which, when added to 

amount of oxygen in that gasoline blend. Ethanol

(MTBE), ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE), and mates. See Motor Gasoline, Oxygenated.Ozone: A molecule made up of three atoms of oxstratosphere and provides a protective layer shielding violet radiation. In the troposphere, it is a chemical omajor component of photochemical smog.PAD Districts: Petroleum Administration for Daggregations of the 50 States and the District of Cthe Petroleum Administration for Defense in 195nally instituted for economic and geographic reaso

tion for War (PAW) Districts, which were establis

Particulate Collectors: Equipment used to remove 

gases of a boiler plant before discharge to the atminclude electrostatic precipitators, mechanical colle[baghouses]), and wet scrubbers.Pentanes Plus: A mixture of hydrocarbons, m

extracted from natural gas. Includes isopentane, condensate.Perfluorocarbons (PFCs): A group of man-made two carbon atoms and four to six flourine atoms, conno commercial uses and are emitted as a byproduct oconductor manufacturing. PFCs have very high 100tials and are very long-lived in the atmosphere.Petrochemical Feedstocks: Chemical feedstocks d

pally for the manufacture of chemicals, synthetic rubb

390 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004
Petroleum: A broadly defined class of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures. Included are

crude oil, lease condensate, unfinished oils, refined products obtained from the

processing of crude oil, and natural gas plant liquids. Note: Volumes of finished

petroleum products include nonhydrocarbon compounds, such as additives anddetergents, after they have been blended into the products. Petroleum Coke: See Coke, Petroleum.

Petroleum Consumption: The sum of all refined petroleum products supplied.For each refined petroleum product, the amount supplied is calculated by addingproduction and imports, then subtracting changes in primary stocks (net withdrawals are a plus quantity and net additions are a minus quantity) and exports.Petroleum Imports: Imports of petroleum into the 50 States and the District ofColumbia from foreign countries and from Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, andother U.S. territories and possessions. Included are imports for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve and withdrawals from bonded warehouses for onshore consumption,offshore bunker use, and military use. Excluded are receipts of foreign petroleuminto bonded warehouses and into U.S. territories and U.S. Foreign Trade Zones.Petroleum Pipeline: Crude oil and product pipelines used to transport crude oil

and petroleum products, respectively (including interstate, intrastate, and intracompany pipelines), within the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

Petroleum Products: Petroleum products are obtained from the processing ofcrude oil (including lease condensate), natural gas, and other hydrocarbon

compounds. Petroleum products include unfinished oils, liquefied petroleum

gases, pentanes plus, aviation gasoline, motor gasoline, naphtha-type jet fuel,

kerosene-type jet fuel, kerosene, distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, lubricants, waxes, petroleum coke, asphalt,

road oil, still gas, and miscellaneous petroleum products.

Petroleum Products Supplied: An approximate measure of consumption. It measures the disappearance of the petroleum products from primary sources, i.e., refineries, blending plants, and bulk terminals. In general, products supplied in any given

period are computed as follows: field production, plus imports, plus unaccountedfor crude oil (plus net receipts when calculated on a PAD District basis) minusstock change, minus crude oil losses, minus refinery inputs, and minus exports. Seealso Petroleum Consumption.

Petroleum Stocks, Primary: For individual petroleum products, quantities that

are held at refineries, in petroleum pipelines, and at bulk terminals that have a

capacity of 50,000 barrels or more, or that are in transit thereto. Stocks held byproduct retailers and resellers, as well as tertiary stocks held at the point of

consumption, are excluded. Stocks of individual plants are excluded from individual product estimestimates and total.Photovoltaic Energy: Direct-current electricity 

solid-state semiconductor devices that have no movPhotovoltaic Module: An integrated assembly of designed to deliver a selected level of working terminals, packaged for protection against environmincorporation in photovoltaic power systems.Pipeline Fuel: Natural gas consumed in the opcompressors.Plant Condensate: One of the natural gas liquhydrocarbons, recovered and separated as liquidbers in processing plants.Primary Consumption: Includes consumption o

nuclear electric power, hydroelectric power

geothermal, solar, wind, net imports of coal coke

Prime Mover: The engine, turbine, water wdrives an electric generator; or, for reporting p

energy to electricity directly. 

Process Fuel: All energy consumed in the acquition of energy. Quantifiable process fuel includes and plant operations, natural gas pipeline operatioProcessing Gain: The volumetric amount by winput for a given period of time. This difference i

oil into petroleum products which, in total, have 

crude oil processed.Processing Loss: The volumetric amount by whicinput for a given period of time. This difference ioil into petroleum products which, in total, have crude oil processed.Processing Plant (Natural Gas): A surface instrecover natural gas liquids from a stream of pr

processes of condensation, absorption, refrigera

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 
control the quality of natural gas marketed or returned to oil or gas reservoirs for

pressure maintenance, repressuring, or cycling.Propane: A normally gaseous straight-chain hydrocarbon (C3H8). It is a colorless

paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature of -43.67 degrees Fahrenheit. It is extractedfrom natural gas or refinery gas streams. It includes all products designated inASTM Specification D1835 and Gas Processors Association Specifications forcommercial propane and HD-5 propane.Propylene: An olefinic hydrocarbon (C3H6) recovered from refinery processes or

petrochemical processes.Proved Reserves, Crude Oil: The estimated quantities of all liquids defined ascrude oil that geological and engineering data demonstrate with reasonablecertainty to be recoverable in future years from known reservoirs under existingeconomic and operating conditions.Proved Reserves, Lease Condensate: The volumes of lease condensate expected

to be recovered in future years in conjunction with the production of provedreserves of natural gas based on the recovery efficiency of lease and/or field separation facilities installed.Proved Reserves, Natural Gas: The estimated quantities of natural gas thatanalysis of geological and engineering data demonstrates with reasonable certaintyto be recoverable in future years from known reservoirs under existing economicand operating conditions.Proved Reserves, Natural Gas Liquids: Those volumes of natural gas liquids

(including lease condensate) demonstrated with reasonable certainty to be separable in the future from proved natural gas reserves, under existing economic and

operating conditions.Pumped Storage: See Hydroelectric Pumped Storage.Real Price: A price that has been adjusted to remove the effect of changes in thepurchasing power of the dollar. Real prices, which are expressed in constant dollars,usually reflect buying power relative to a base year. See Chained Dollars.

Refiner Acquisition Cost of Crude Oil: See Crude Oil Refiner Acquisition

Cost.Refinery Gas: See Still Gas.

Refinery Input: The raw materials and intermediate ies to produce finished petroleum products. They natural gas processing plants, unfinished oils, othe

motor gasoline blending components and aviatio

nents, and finished petroleum products.

Refinery Output: The total amount of petroleum p

Includes petroleum consumed by the refinery.Refinery (Petroleum): An installation that man

products from crude oil, unfinished oils, natural 

bons, and alcohol.

Reformulated Gasoline. Finished gasoline formulathe composition and properties of which meet the regasoline regulations promulgated by the U.S. Envunder Section 211(k) of the Clean Air Act. It includeexceed emissions performance and benzene content 

reformulated gasoline even though the gasoline may requirements (e.g. oxygen content) of federal-program This category includes Oxygenated Fuels Program R

Reformulated gasoline excludes Reformulated Blend(RBOB) and Gasoline Treated as Blendstock (GTABRenewable Energy: Energy obtained from sources ble (unlike, for example, fossil fuels, which are in finof energy include conventional hydroelectric powegeothermal, solar, and wind.

Replacement Fuel: The portion of any motor fuel 

other alcohols, natural gas, liquefied petroleum g

liquid fuels, electricity (including electricity from so

or any other fuel the Secretary of Energy determinepetroleum and would yield substantial energy secenvironmental benefits.Repressuring: The injection of gas into crude oil 

effect greater ultimate recovery. Residential Sector: An energy-consuming sector 

for private households. Common uses of energy assospace heating, water heating, air conditioning, lightirunning a variety of other appliances. The residentiliving quarters. Note: Various EIA programs differ in 

392 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004
explanation see http://www.eia.doe.gov/neic/datadefinitions/Guideforwebres.htm.

See End-Use Sectors and Energy-Use Sectors.

Residual Fuel Oil: The heavier oils, known as No. 5 and No. 6 fuel oils, thatremain after the distillate fuel oils and lighter hydrocarbons are distilled away in

refinery operations. It conforms to ASTM Specifications D396 and D975 andFederal Specification VV-F-815C. No. 5, a residual fuel oil of medium viscosity, isalso known as Navy Special and is defined in Military Specification MIL-F-859E,

including Amendment 2 (NATO Symbol F-770). It is used in steam-poweredvessels in government service and inshore electric power plants. No. 6 fuel oil

includes Bunker C fuel oil and is used for electricity generation, space heating,vessel bunkering, and various industrial purposes.Road Oil: Any heavy petroleum oil, including residual asphaltic oil, used as a dustpalliative and surface treatment on roads and highways. It is generally produced insix grades, from 0, the most liquid, to 5, the most viscous.Rotary Rig: A machine used for drilling wells that employs a rotating tubeattached to a bit for boring holes through rock.Royalty Interest: An interest in a mineral property provided through a royaltycontract.Short Ton (Coal): A unit of weight equal to 2,000 pounds.Solar Energy: See Solar Thermal Energy and Photovoltaic Energy.

Solar Thermal Collector: A device designed to receive solar radiation and convert

it to thermal energy. Normally, a solar thermal collector includes a frame, glazing,

and an absorber, together with appropriate insulation. The heat collected by the

solar thermal collector may be used immediately or stored for later use. Solar collectors are used for space heating, domestic hot water heating, and heating swimmingpools, hot tubs, or spas.Solar Thermal Energy: The radiant energy of the sun that can be converted into

other forms of energy, such as heat or electricity.Space Heating: The use of energy to generate heat for warmth in housing unitsusing space-heating equipment. The equipment could be the main space-heatingequipment or secondary space-heating equipment. It does not include the use ofenergy to operate appliances (such as lights, televisions, and refrigerators) that giveoff heat as a byproduct.

Special Naphthas: All finished petroleum prodrange that are used as paint thinners, cleaners, refined to a specified flash point. Special naphthaand cleaning solvents conforming to ASTM Srespectively. Naphthas to be blended or marketed 

gasoline or that are to be used as petrochemical fe

(SNG) feedstocks are excluded.Spent Liquor: The liquid residue left after an in

nent of waste materials used as fuel.Spot Market Price: See Spot Price.

Spot Price: The price for a one-time open marke

ery of the specific quantity of product at a specific purchased “on the spot” at current market rates.Station Use: Energy that is used to operate an 

energy consumed for plant lighting, power, and whether the energy is produced at the plant or comSteam-Electric Power Plant: An electric power is a steam turbine. The steam used to drive the turbfossil fuels are burned.Still Gas (Refinery Gas): Any form or mixture odistillation, cracking, reforming, and other processmethane, ethane, ethylene, normal butane, but

Still gas is used as a refinery fuel and a petroche

factor is 6 million Btu per fuel oil equivalent barreStocks: Inventories of fuel stored for future us

Stocks, and Petroleum Stocks, Primary.Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR): Petroleum Government for use during periods of major supply Subbituminous Coal: A coal with properties rang

of bituminous coal and used primarily as fuel for It may be dull, dark brown to black, soft and crumto bright, jet black, hard, and relatively strong, at thcontains 20 to 30 percent inherent moisture by weminous coal ranges from 17 to 24 million Btu pematter-free basis. The heat content of subbitumin

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 
States averages 17 to 18 million Btu per short ton, on the as-received basis (i.e.,

containing both inherent moisture and mineral matter). See Coal Rank.

Sulfur Dioxide (SO2): A toxic, irritating, colorless gas soluble in water, alcohol,

and ether. Used as a chemical intermediate, in paper pulping and ore refining, and

as a solvent.Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6): A colorless gas soluble in alcohol and ether, and

slightly less soluble in water. It is used as a dielectric in electronics. It possesses the

highest 100-year global warming potential of any gas (23,900).

Supplemental Gaseous Fuels: Any gaseous substance introduced into or commingled with natural gas that increases the volume available for disposition. Such

substances include, but are not limited to, propane-air, refinery gas, coke-oven gas,

manufactured gas, biomass gas, or air or inerts added for Btu stabilization.Synthetic Coal: Coal that has been processed by a coal synfuel plant; and coalbased fuels such as briquettes, pellets, or extrusions, which are formed by binding

materials and processes that recycle material.Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG): (Also referred to as substitute natural gas.) Amanufactured product, chemically similar in most respects to natural gas, resultingfrom the conversion or reforming of petroleum hydrocarbons that may easily be

substituted for or interchanged with pipeline-quality natural gas.Thermal Conversion Factor: See Conversion Factor.

Transportation Sector: An energy-consuming sector that consists of all vehicles

whose primary purpose is transporting people and/or goods from one physical location to another. Included are automobiles; trucks; buses; motorcycles; trains,subways, and other rail vehicles; aircraft; and ships, barges, and other waterbornevehicles. Vehicles whose primary purpose is not transportation (e.g., constructioncranes and bulldozers, farming vehicles, and warehouse tractors and forklifts) areclassified in the sector of their primary use. Note: Various EIA programs differ in

sectoral coverage—for more information see http://www.eia.doe.gov/neic/datadefinitions/Guideforwebtrans.htm. See End-Use

Sectors and Energy-Use Sectors.Unaccounted-for Crude Oil: Represents the arithmetic difference between thecalculated supply and the calculated disposition of crude oil. The calculated supply

is the sum of crude oil production plus imports minus changes in crude oil stocks.The calculated disposition of crude oil is the sum of crude oil input to refineries,crude oil exports, crude oil burned as fuel, and crude oil losses.

Unaccounted-for Natural Gas: Represents differe

components of natural gas supply and the sum of cosition. These differences may be due to quantities reporting problems. Reporting problems include diffconversions of flow data metered at varying temperconverted to a standard temperature and pressure bcompany accounting and billing practices; differencalendar-period time frames; and imbalances resulreporting systems that vary in scope, format, definitioUnderground Natural Gas Storage: The use of sunatural gas that has been transferred from its origiusually hollowed-out salt domes, geological reservoiral gas fields) or water-bearing sands topped by an imUndiscovered Recoverable Reserves (Crude Oil 

economic resources of crude oil and natural gas, ymated to exist in favorable geologic settings.Unfinished Oils: All oils requiring further processinmechanical blending. Unfinished oils are produced b

and include naphthas and lighter oils, kerosene and 

and residuum.Unfractionated Stream: Mixtures of unsegr

components, excluding those in plant condensate. 

natural gas.United States: The 50 States and the District of Colu

has varying degrees of jurisdiction over a number oentities outside the 50 States and the District of Colthe U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, JoWake Island, and the Northern Mariana Islands. EIdata from some or all of these areas in U.S. Totals. Fucts will contain notes explaining the extent of geogr

the term “United States.”Uranium: A heavy, naturally radioactive, metallic etwo principally occurring isotopes are uranium-235 ais indispensable to the nuclear industry because it nature, to any appreciable extent, that is fissionable 238 is also important because it absorbs neutrons to 

394 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004
that subsequently decays to the isotope plutonium-239, which also is fissionable by

thermal neutrons. Uranium Concentrate: A yellow or brown powder obtained by the milling ofuranium ore, processing of in situ leach mining solutions, or as a byproduct of

phosphoric acid production. See Uranium Oxide.

Uranium Ore: Rock containing uranium mineralization in concentrations that canbe mined economically, typically one to four pounds of U3O8 per ton or 0.05 percent

to 0.2 percent U3O8. See Uranium Oxide.

Uranium Oxide: Uranium concentrate or yellowcake. Abbreviated as U3O8.

Uranium Resource Categories: Three categories of uranium resources definedby the international community to reflect differing levels of confidence in the existence of the resources. Reasonably assured resources (RAR), estimated additionalresources (EAR), and speculative resources (SR) are described below.

Reasonably assured resources (RAR): Uranium that occurs in known

mineral deposits of such size, grade, and configuration that it could berecovered within the given production cost ranges, with currently provenmining and processing technology. Estimates of tonnage and grade arebased on specific sample data and measurements of the deposits and onknowledge of deposit characteristics. Note: RAR corresponds to DOE’s

uranium reserves category.Estimated additional resources (EAR): Uranium in addition to RAR that

is expected to occur, mostly on the basis of geological evidence, in extensions of well-explored deposits, in little-explored deposits, and in undiscovered deposits believed to exist along well-defined geological trendswith known deposits. This uranium can subsequently be recovered withinthe given cost ranges. Estimates of tonnage and grade are based on available sampling data and on knowledge of the deposit characteristics, asdetermined in the best-known parts of the deposit or in similar deposits.Note: EAR corresponds to DOE’s probable potential resources category. Speculative resources (SR): Uranium in addition to EAR that is thoughtto exist, mostly on the basis of indirect evidence and geological extrapolations, in deposits discoverable with existing exploration techniques. Thelocation of deposits in this category can generally be specified only asbeing somewhere within given regions or geological trends. The estimatesin this category are less reliable than estimates of RAR and EAR. Note: 

SR corresponds to the combination of Dand speculative potential resources catego

Useful Thermal Output: The thermal energy ma

and-power system for use in any industrial or coming application, or delivered to other end users, i.e.able for processes and applications other than electU.S.S.R.: The Union of Soviet Socialist Repubrepublics: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonistan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, TajikisUzbekistan. As a political entity, the U.S.S.R. ce1991.Vented Natural Gas: See Natural Gas, Vented.Vessel Bunkering: Includes sales for the fueling such as pleasure craft, fishing boats, tugboats, anvessels operated by oil companies. Excluded are Forces.Waste Coal: Usable coal material that is a byprod

tions or is recaptured from what would otherw

anthracite culm, bituminous gob, fine coal, lignrefuse bank or slurry dam, and coal recovered by dWaste Energy: Municipal solid waste, landfill g

acetonitrile waste, tall oil, waste alcohol, medical wsolid byproducts, tires, agricultural byproducts, cstraw used as fuel.Watt (W): The unit of electrical power equal to onvolt. A watt is equal to 1/746 horsepower.Watthour (Wh): The electric energy unit of measupplied to, or taken from, an electric circuit steadiWaxes: Solid or semi-solid materials derived fr

dues by such treatments as chilling, precipitating wlight-colored, more-or-less translucent crystalline mconsisting of a mixture of solid hydrocarbons in wnates. Includes all marketable wax, whether crude 

Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004 
grades included are microcrystalline, crystalline-fully refined, and crystalline-other.

The conversion factor is 280 pounds per 42 U.S. gallons per barrel. Well: A hole drilled in the Earth for the purpose of (1) finding or producing crudeoil or natural gas; or (2) producing services related to the production of crude oil or

natural gas. See Completion (Crude Oil/Natural Gas Production), Crude Oil

Well, Development Well, Dry Hole, Exploratory Well, and Natural Gas Well.

Wellhead: The point at which the crude oil (and/or natural gas) exits the ground.Following historical precedent, the volume and price for crude oil production arelabeled as “wellhead,” even though the cost and volume are now generally measured at the lease boundary. In the context of domestic crude price data, the term“wellhead” is the generic term used to reference the production site or lease property. Wellhead Price: The value of crude oil or natural gas at the mouth of the well.

See Natural Gas Wellhead Price.

Well Servicing Unit: Truck-mounted equipment generally used for downhole services after a well is drilled. Services include well completions and recompletions,maintenance, repairs, workovers, and well plugging and abandonments. Jobs rangefrom minor operations, such as pulling the rods and rod pumps out of a crude oil

well, to major workovers, such as milling out and repairing collapsed casing. Well

depth and characteristics determine the type of equipment used.

Western Europe: Includes Austria, Belgium, BosDenmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, IcelanMacedonia (The Former Yugoslav Republic of), Portugal, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovenia, Spain, and the United Kingdom. Wind Energy: Energy present in wind motion that c

energy for driving pumps, mills, and electric pow

against sails, vanes, or blades radiating from a central Wood Energy: Wood and wood products used as fuwood), limb wood, wood chips, bark, sawdust, forest and spent pulping liquor.Working Gas: The volume of gas in the reservoir thor base gas. It may or may not be completely withdradrawal season. Conditions permitting, the total workinmore than once during any season.Yellowcake: A natural uranium concentrate that tatexture. Yellowcake typically contains 70 to 90 perc

weight. It is used as feedstock for uranium fue

fabrication.

396 Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2004
Annual Energy Review

Long-term historical data on U.S. energy production, consumption,stocks, trade, and prices. Includes an overview of U.S. energy anddetailed chapters on energy consumption, major fuels, financial indicators, energy resources, international energy data, and environmental indicators. Most series begin in 1949.www.eia.doe.gov/aer

Petroleum Supply Annual

Information on the supply and disposition of crude oil and petroleum products. Volume 1 contains summary and detailed statistics,including trade, stocks, and refinery data. Volume 2 contains finalmonthly statistics for the annual data presented in Volume 1.www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/data_publications/petroleum_supply_annual/psa_volume1/psa_volume1.html

Petroleum Marketing Annual

Information on volumes and prices of crude oils and refined petroleum products, including motor gasoline, distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, aviation fuel, kerosene, and propane.www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/data_publications/petroleum_marketing_annual/pma.html

Natural Gas Annual

Rreview of U.S. natural gas activities, including production, consumption, prices, movements, and storage. Summary data are presented by State and at the national level.www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/natural_gas/data_publications/natural_gas_annual/nga.html

Annual Coal Report

Review of U.S. coal production; numerable reserves; employment; prodity; consumption by sector; and stocState level.www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/coal/page/acr/acr_su

Electric Power Annual

Review of U.S. electric power indugenerating capacity; demand, capacmargins; fuel, consumption, and retail customers, sales, revenue, and aexpense statistics; and demand-side www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/epa/epa_s

Renewable Energy Annual

Four reports: Renewable Energy Trentovoltaic Collector Manufacturing Amal Heat Pump Shipments; and GrePrograms.www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/solar.renewables/pa

Uranium Marketing Annual Report

Review of U.S. uranium industry acraw materials and uranium marketinsurvey year and industry’s plans near-term future.www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/nuclear/umar/umar.h

Annual HistoricalData Reportsfrom the Energy Information AdministrationThe Energy Information Administration (EIA) produces a variety of annual statistical reports on major energy resources and industry activitieThe items listed above are available on EIA’s Web site. For more information on these and other EIA products, contact the National Energy Infor infoctr@eia.doe.gov.