U.S. Department of

Commerce

National Bureau of

Standards

prepared for

Department of Housing

and Urban Development

Office of Policy

Development and

Research

NBS Special Publication 489 Supplement 1

Abstracted Reports and Articles

of the HUD Modular Integrated

Utility Systems (Ml US) Program,

Supplement 1

Solid Waste

Waste Water

ti MODULAR Imius INTEGIATiD UTILITY SYSTEMS

improving community utility services -~ supplying

electricity, heating, cooling, end woter/ processing

liquid ond solid wostes/ conserving energy ond

r noturol resources, minimizing environmenlol impoct
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

The National Bureau of Standards' was established by an act of Congress on March 3, 1901. The Bureau's overall goal is to strengthen and advance the Nation's science and technology

and facilitate their effective application for public benefit. To this end, the Bureau conducts

research and provides: (1) a basis for the Nation's physical measurement system, (2) scientific and technological services for industry and government, (3) a technical basis for equity in trade, and (4) technical services to promote public safety. The Bureau's technical work is per- formed by the National Measurement Laboratory, the National Engineering Laboratory, and

the Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology.

THE NATIONAL MEASUREMENT LABORATORY provides the national system of

physical and chemical and materials measurement; coordinates the system with measurement

systems of other nations and furnishes essential services leading to accurate and uniform

physical and chemical measurement throughout the Nation's scientific community, industry,

and commerce; conducts materials research leading to improved methods of measurement,

standards, and data on the properties of materials needed by industry, commerce, educational

institutions, and Government; provides advisory and research services to other Government

agencies; develops, produces, and distributes Standard Reference Materials; and provides

calibration services. The Laboratory consists of the following centers:

Absolute Physical Quantities^ — Radiation Research — Chemical Physics —

Analytical Chemistry — Materials Science

THE NATIONAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY provides technology and technical ser- vices to the public and private sectors to address national needs and to solve national problems; conducts research in engineering and applied science in support of these efforts; builds and maintains competence in the necessary disciplines required to carry out this research and technical service; develops engineering data and measurement capabilities;

provides engineering measurement traceability services; develops test methods and proposes

engineering standards and code changes; develops and proposes new engineering practices;

and develops and improves mechanisms to transfer results of its research to the ultimate user. The Laboratory consists of the following centers:

Applied Mathematics — Electronics and Electrical Engineering^ — Manufacturing

Engineering — Building Technology — Fire Research — Chemical Engineering^

THE INSTITUTE FOR COMPUTER SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY conducts

research and provides scientific and technical services to aid Federal agencies in the selection,

acquisition, application, and use of computer technology to improve effectiveness and

economy in Government operations in accordance with Public Law 89-306 (40 U.S.C. 759), relevant Executive Orders, and other directives; carries out this mission by managing the Federal Information Processing Standards Program, developing Federal ADP standards

guidelines, and managing Federal participation in ADP voluntary standardization activities; provides scientific and technological advisory services and assistance to Federal agencies; and

provides the technical foundation for computer-related policies of the Federal Government.

The Institute consists of the following centers:

Programming Science and Technology — Computer Systems Engineering.

'Headquarters and Laboratories at Gaithersburg, MD, unless otherwise noted; mailing address Washington, DC 20234. 'Some divisions within the center are located at Boulder, CO 80303.
Abstracted Reports and Articles

of the HUD Modular Integrated

Utility Systems (MIUS) Program,

Supplement 1

M. H. Nimmo and B. Reznek, Editors

Building Equipment Division

Center for Building Teclinology

National Engineering Laboratory

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, DC 20234

Prepared for

Building Technology Division

Office of Policy Development and Research

Department of Housing and Urban Development

Washington, DC 20410

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

Malcolm Baldrige, Secretary

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

Ernest Ambler, Director

Issued August 1982
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number; 82-600571

National Bureau of Standards Special Publication 489 Suppl. 1 Natl. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Spec. Publ. 489 Suppl. 1, 120 pages (Aug. 1982)

CODEN: XNBSAV

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON: 1982

For Sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.

Price (Add 25 percent for other than U.S. mailing.)
FOREWORD

The Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) sponsored the

Modular Integrated Utility System (MIUS) Program that was to develop

and demonstrate the advantages of integrating systems that provide

utility services - electric power, heating and cooling, potable water,

liquid waste treatment, and solid waste management. The objective of

the MIUS concept: furnish utility services consistent with a reduced use of critical natural resources, protection of the environment, and

minimization of costs.

Under HUD's direction, several agencies participated in the HUD-MIUS

Program. They included the Department of Energy, the Department of

Defense, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Department of Health,

Education and Welfare, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the National Bureau of Standards. The National Academy of

Engineering provided an independent assessment of the original Program.

Drafts of most of the technical documents abstracted in this publication were reviewed by the agencies participating in the HUD-MIUS Program.

The HUD-MIUS Program and its related activities began at HUD in 1970.

NBS SP 489 provided a catalog (titles, abstracts, bibliographic data)

of materials published through August 1976. HUD and the National Bureau

of Standards continued their collection and dissemination of information

in support of the Program. This publication complements SP 489. It serves those who are interested in MIUS technology with information on reports issued subsequent to the publication of NBS SP 489.

Ernest Ambler, Director

National Bureau of Standards

iii

CONTENTS

PAGE(S)

FOREWORD iii

LIST OF ACRONYMS vi

SI UNITS viii

ABSTRACT ix

1. INTRODUCTION xi

1.1 Quality Control of HUD-MIUS Reports xi

1.2 Classification of Report xi

1.3 Format for Report Listing xiii

1.4 Availability and Procurement Notes xiii

See NBS SP-489 Abstracted Reports 9-149

2. PROGRAM/CONCEPT DESCRIPTION (REPORTS) 151-

3. SYSTEMS ANALYSIS (REPORTS) 173

4. TECHNOLOGY EVALUATION & DEMONSTRATION (REPORTS) 191

5. HARDWARE EVALUATION & DEMONSTRATION (REPORTS) 213

6. COMPOSITE SUBJECT INDEX FOR SP-489 AND THIS SUPPLEMENT.. 245

'^Note: These "Reports" page numbers continue from those in

NBS SP-489, in order to maintain continuity of pagination.

V
LIST OF ACRONYMS

AAA.S - American Association for the Advancement of Science; 1515

Massachusetts Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005

ACES - Annual Cycle Energy System

AEC - Atomic Energy Commission (now part of DoE)

AIAA - American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics; 1290 Avenue

of the Americas, New York, N.Y. 10019

AIChE - American Institute of Chemical Engineering; United Engineering

Center, 345 East 47th Street, New York, N.Y. 10017

ASHRAE - American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers; United Engineering Center, 345 East 47th

Street, New York, N.Y. 10017

ASME - American Society of Mechanical Engineers; United Engineering

Center; 345 East 47th Street, New York, N.Y. 10017

CBD - Central Business District

COSMIC - Computer Software Management Information Center; Barrow Hall,

University of Georgia, Athens, Ga. 30601

DoE - Department of Energy; 20 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. , Washington,

D.C. 20545

DSC - Decision Sciences Corporation

"E-CUBE" - "Energy-Equipment-Economics" (Computer Program)

EIS - Environmental Impact Statement

EPA - Environmental Protection Agency; 401 M Street, S.W. , Washington,

D.C. 20460

ERDA - Energy Research and Development Administration (now part of DoE)

ESOP - Energy Systems Optimization Program (Computer Software)

FAQS - Federal Air Quality Standards

GPO - (U.S.) Government Printing Office

HEW - (U.S. Department of) Health, Education and Welfare; 330 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20201

HUD - (U.S. Department of) Housing and Urban Development; 451 7th St.

S.W., Washington, D.C. 20410

vi
HVAC - Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning

IDHA - International District Heating Association

lECEC - Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference

IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers; United

Engineering Center, 345 East 47th St., New York, N.Y. 10017

lUS - Integrated Utility System; lUS Board (of NAE)

JSC - (Lyndon B.) Johnson Space Center (of NASA); also see NASA and

USPO

LHV - Lower Heating Value (of a fuel)

MIST - MIUS Integration and Subsystems Test (laboratory) ; NASA

MIUS - Modular Integrated Utility Systems

NAE - National Academy of Engineering; NAS - National Academy of

Science

NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration (also see JSC and

USPO); 600 Independence Avenue, Washington, D.C. 20546

NBS - National Bureau of Standards (U.S. Department of Commerce);

Washington, D.C. 20234

NBSLD - NBS's Load Determination (Computer Program)

NO - Nitrogen Oxides

X

NTIS - National Technical Information Service (U.S. Dept. of Commerce)

ORNL - Oak Ridge National Laboratory (Operated by Union Carbide Corp.

for AEC and its successors ERDA and DoE) ; P.O. Box "X" , Oak

Ridge, Tenn. 37830

OSHA - Occupational Safety and Health Administration; 200 Constitution

Avenue, N.W. , Washington, D.C. 20210

SINDA - Systems Improved Numerical Differencing Analyzer

SMSA - Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area

T.A. - Technology Assessment; T.E. - Total Energy

TES - Thermal Energy Storage

USPO - Urban Systems Project Office (also see NASA and JSC)

vii
SI UNITS

In view of the presently accepted practice of Industry In the United

States, common U. S. units of measurement have been used in portions

of this report. In recognition of the United States as a signatory

to the General Conference of Weights and Measures, which gave official

status to the metric SI system of units in 1960, appropriate conversion

factors have been provided in the table below. The reader Interested

in making further use of the coherent system of SI units is referred

to: NBS SP330, 1981 Edition, "The International System of Units," or E380-72, ASTM Metric Practice Guide (American National Standard

2210.1).

Metric Conversion Factors

Length

Area

Volume

Temperature

Temperature

Interval

Mass

Mass Per Unit

Volume

Energy

Specific Heat

1 inch (In) = 25.4 millimeters (mm)

1 foot (ft) = 0.3048 meter (m)

1 ft2 = 0.092903 m2

1 ft^ = 0.028317 m3

F = 9/5 C + 32

1 F = 5/9 C or K

1 pound (lb) = 0.453592 kilogram (kg)

1 Ib/ft^ = 16.0185 kg/m^

1 Btu = 1.05506 kllojoules (kJ)

1 kWh = 3413 Btu

1 Btu/ [(lb) (°F)] = 4.1868 kJ/[(kg) (K)]

vlii
Abstracted Reports and Articles

of the HUD Modular Integrated

Utility Systems (MIUS) Program

Supplement 1

M. H. Nimmo and B. Reznek, Editors

ABSTRACT

This document provides an additional listing of reports and articles

relating to the HUD-MIUS Program. Reports published and selected since

the issuance of NBS SP-489 are listed. Also included, for the sake of

completeness, are some earlier reports which had not been included in

the original NBS SP-A89. Both NBS SP-489 and this document are required

for full coverage. The entry for each report contains an abstract and

other pertinent information, including procurement sources and procedures.

Reports are grouped by four general subject categories: Program/Concept

Description; Systems Analysis; Technology Evaluation; and Hardware

Evaluation & Demonstration. The reports are further classified into

three publication/availability categories: government publications

(Published Reports) ; non-government publications and articles (Outside

Publications); and "informal" reports and data (Open-File Reports). An

overall subject index has been included which covers both NBS SP-489

and this document

.

Key X\rords: Abstracted reports and articles; coal-fired MIUS; comparison

studies; concept background of MIUS; conservation of energy; energy

analysis; HUD /MIUS Program; HVAC systems; performance analysis; solid

waste; total energy; utility systems.

ix

1. INTRODUCTION

This is an addendum to a previously issued list of abstracted reports

and articles of the HUD-MIUS Program and its HUD-sponsored (related)

activities in the area of T.E, Systems. This list includes all formal

publications and selected informal reports which should be accessible

in the files of agencies that participated in the MIUS Program. Significant articles and reports concerning MIUS, which were published outside the Program, are also included. Agency press releases, newspaper

articles and news items in periodical publications are generally ex- cluded, as are reports which were not a direct part of the HUD-MIUS

Program.

1.1 Quality Control of HUD-MIUS Reports

In order to merit recognition as a formal HUD-MIUS Program publication,

through use of the HUD-MIUS logo on the cover, documents were subjected

to certain "quality control" procedures. HUD established the Coordinated Technical Review (CTR) process to serve as the formal mechanism for

quality control of HUD-MIUS documentation. During the preparation of

formal reports, draft reports were submitted to all participating

agencies for review. Comments were received and assembled by NBS into

a CTR for resolution by the group preparing the report. Any unresolved

comments were included separately in the Foreword to the final published

report, along with a brief statement describing the CTR process.

Almost all Published Reports of the HUD-MIUS Program were subjected to

the CTR process. In a few instances, comments were provided by peer

groups outside the HUD-MIUS Program, as an informal alternative to the

CTR process. In a few other cases, the need for timely publication

meant that the CTR process was curtailed before the document revision

process could be completed. Documents prepared during the early stages

of the HUD-MIUS Program (i.e., prior to mid-1972) were published without a formal multi-agency review process, although normal intra-agency

review procedures were usually followed.

1.2 Classification of Reports

To facilitate accessing the entries, reports and articles are classified

by subject matter into four categories representing the type of effort

or program phase under which the report was prepared. Separate report

sections are devoted to each of the categories and, within each of

these four sections, the abstracts are listed in reverse chronological

order. The categories are defined and explained below:

Program/Concept Description . Provide background on the goals and

objectives of the HUD-MIUS Program including program structure,

approach, schedules and relationships with other federal agency programs. Also provided are the technical rationale, estimated impacts

and implementation considerations.

xi
Systems Analysis . Provide data and evaluations of MIUS systems, and

subsystems or components, usually in terms of the economic, environmental or energy conservation aspects of a MIUS serving community

utility loads for a typical year. Trade-offs and systems' effects

of various equipment configurations, climates, loads and types of

buildings are often presented.

Technology Evaluation . Generally focuses on a particular subsystem

or component which could be part of a MIUS • Surveys of equipment

availability, with performance data and costs, are included in this

category along with more generic studies and surveys of control

systems, computer methods and performance specifications. These

reports provide basic data and methodologies for Systems Analysis

work.

Hardware Evaluation & Demonstration . Primarily deal with one of three

projects: the NBS-conducted HUD-MIUS Total Energy, full-scale. Demonstration in Jersey City, N.J.; the ORNL-conducted , coal-fired MIUS

laboratory and pilot plant research in Oak Ridge, Tennessee; systems

and components at JSC, Houston, Texas. Reports provide overall

goals, test plans, schedules and progress as well as actual research

results and evaluations.

Several documents could be classified into more than one subject category; this is particularly true of those reports dealing with Hardware

Evaluation & Demonstration, since some of these reports are technology

evaluation and/or systems analysis studies conducted prior to obtaining

actual research results. Such reports are kept in the Hardware Evaluation 6i Demonstration category. Overall, care has been exercised to

classify documents into subject category by the major thrust of the

document, with an eye towards the likely interests of various potential

users of this document.

The reports and articles in this list have also been grouped into three

major classifications corresponding to availability, as described below:

Published Reports (P) : publications and reports made available

through established government document sources. The reports include those prepared by Federal agency staff personnel and those

prepared by others under contract. Most of these publications have

completed either the HUD-MIUS CTR process and/or an outside technical review.

Outside Publication (PQ) : reports and articles published by non- government organizations. Articles include those by agency staff

personnel and those authored or coauthored by others (often largely

based on technical data and material supplied by HUD-MIUS participants).

These have been published in technical periodicals, research journals,

professional society transactions and other non-government sources. Most items in this classification have not been subjected to the

HUD-MIUS (formal) technical review process.

xii
Open-File Reports (OF) : unpublished reports that are being made

available, for reference only, at certain agency offices/libraries.

These reports are generally of limited interest outside the Program.

Of ten they provide detailed data and calculations which are (also)

summarized in formal published reports. They may also be of an incomplete/informal nature, unreviewed and not intended for formal

publication and widespread outside distribution. Most of these

items have not been subjected to a technical review, as such.

1.3 Format for Report Listing

One numbered page is (generally) devoted to each report. The following

information is provided on these pages (with * items discussed below)

Title

*Author(s)

Date of Issuance

^Document Prepared By

^Responsible Organization (s)

^Procurement Source; Accession No. (or)

Reference Source & Accession No.

Other Identification

Total Pages

Total References Cited

Class of Document

Abstract

Author (s) : indicates authorship as stated on the report. Where no entry is made, no author was cited.

Document Prepared By : indicates the organizational affiliation

of the author or, in the case of anonymous authorship, the organization which prepared the report.

Responsible Organization (s) ; indicates the HUD-MIUS participating

agency which sponsored a report prepared mainly by others under

contract. This item is left blank for other than outside consultant/

contractor report or (as appropriate) for reports in the "open"

literature.

Procurement Source; Accession No.: indicates the procurement

source and accession number for obtaining reports. Detailed information is provided in the Availability and Procurement Notes. For

"Open-File" Reports, this item is always entitled: Reference Source

& Accession No. , so as to properly indicate that physical procurement is often not possible although the reports are available for

review and reference on a "need-to-know" basis.

1.4 Availability and Procurement Notes

Published Reports are available from either the GPO or from NTIS, as indicated under Procurement Source. The number following the source

xiii
acronym is the one to be used in ordering the report from the indicated source.

Those reports indicated as being available from GPO are available only

while still "in-print". Once they are "out-of-print", they may be obtained from NTIS. Orders for GPO publications should be made out to:

Superintendent of Documents

U.S. Government Printing Office

Washington, D.C. 20402

Remittances for publications should be by coupon, postal money order,

express money order or check. Postage stamps will not be accepted.

Publications cannot be mailed before remittances are received. Foreign

remittances should be made either by international money order or by

draft on an American bank.

The letter symbol, publication number, full title of the publication,

SD catalog number, and SD stock number are mandatory when ordering.

The Superintendent of Documents allows a discount of 25 percent on orders of 100 or more copies of one publication. Persons who make frequent purchases from the Superintendent of Documents may find a deposit

account convenient. Deposits of $25 or more are accepted, against which

orders may be placed without making individual remittances or first

obtaining quotations. Order blanks are furnished for this purpose.

After the order has been processed, the order itself is returned,

showing the publications supplied, explanations regarding those not sent,

the amount of charge and the balance on deposit.

No charge is made for postage on documents sent to points in the United

States and Its possessions. In computing foreign postage, add one- fourth of the price of the publication to cover the cost of shipping

and handling charges.

Those reports indicated as being available from NTIS can be obtained in

either a paper copy (PC) or microfiche (MF) form. The size of the

microfiche film sheet is about 4x6 inches. Orders for publications

should be made out to:

National Technical Information Service

U.S. Department of Commerce

5285 Port Royal Road

Springfield, VA 22161

Orders for publications purchased from NTIS can be prepaid or billed

later. Please note that if an order is not accompanied by payment, an additional $5.00 "ship-and-bill" charge will be added. Orders can also

be charged to American Express Card accounts; provide card expiration

date, account number and authorized signature. Detailed information

concerning NTIS can be obtained directly from NTIS. It is advisable

to call (703) 487-4660 to establish prices prior to ordering.

Normal delivery time takes three to five weeks. It is vital that items

xiv
be ordered by number or the order will be manually processed, with

probable delay. You can opt for airmail delivery for a $1.00 charge per

item. For fastest service, call the NTIS Rush Handling Service, (703)

557-4700. For a $10.00 charge per item, an order will be sent by first

class mail within 24 hours. Or, you can pick up an order at the Washington Information Center & Bookstore or at the NTIS Springfield Operations Center for a $6.00 per item charge. Orders may also be placed by

telephone or TELEX. The order desk number is (703) 487-4650 and the

TELEX number is 89-9405.

Out side Publication reports and articles may generally be obtained from

the publishing organization, subject to availability. Articles which

are otherwise unavailable can often be purchased at a nominal price

through library lending/duplication services or from the Library of

Congress Photoduplication Service; Information about this latter source may be obtained from:

Photoduplication Service

Library of Congress

Washington, D.C. 20540

Open-File Reports are available for reference only during regular office

hours, at certain HUD-MIUS participating agency offices and/or libraries.

These reports cannot (in general) be removed from these locations but

the researcher may be allowed to make copies of a limited amount of

this material, depending on circumstances. The National Biareau of

Standards maintains a complete file of all such reports as have been

abstracted herein, as well as those in NBS SP-489 . Other agencies participating in the program probably maintain a reference file of the

reports for which they were responsible. This is indicated in the

Reference Source items. To obtain access to the reports, please contact

the following, as indicated below. For any (OF) Reports in this list

contact

Chief, Building Equipment Division

Center for Building Technology

National Bureau of Standards

Gaithersburg, Md. (physical location)

Washington, D.C. 20234 (mail location)

For those (OF) Reports for which NASA-JSC is indicated as the Reference

Source

Chief, Systems Design Office, Mail Code EW4

National Aeronautics & Space Administration

Johnson Space Center

Clear Lake City, Tex. (physical location)

Houston, Tex. 77058 (mail location)

XV
For those (OF) Reports for which HUD is indicated as the Reference

Source:

Chief, Utilities Research

Building Technology Division

Office of Policy Development and Research

Department of Housing and Urban Development

451 7th St., S.W., Room 8158

Washington, D.C. 20410

For those (OF) Reports for which ORNL is indicated as the Reference

Source:

Manager, X-IO Site Groups

Efficiency and Renewables Section

Energy Division

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

P.O. Box X

Bldg. 4500N, Room 167

Oak Ridge, Tenn. 37830

XVi
2. PROGRAM/CONCEPT

DESCRIPTION REPORTS

151
TITLE: Status Report: Rational Use of Energy Program

AUTHOR(S): ERDA

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 6/76

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society

(CCMS) North Atlantic Treaty Organization

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S)

PROCUREMENT SOURCE3 ACCESSION NO.: [NTIS; ERDA-76/132]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: ERDA-76/132

TOTAL PAGES: 20 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: CLASS OF DOCUMENT; (P)

ABSTRACT:

This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored in part by the

U.S. Government, through its treaty arrangements with the North Atlantic

Treaty Organization (NATO) , Committee on Challenges of Modern Society

(CCMS). The report's MIUS statement is found on page 18 and is summarized

below.

The overall objective of the MIUS study group (of CCMS) is to develop a methodology for comparing the technological and economic efficiencies

of integrated utility systems for communities. The initial MIUS project

meetings took place via a series of visits and discussions in Nov. and

Dec, 1974 to determine the project's direction and scope. An organizing

meeting was held in April 1975. The 20 representatives . from seven countries attending the meeting expressed substantial interest in exchanging information on improved methods for providing efficient, integrated

utilities services.

The Netherlands Central National Council for Applied Scientific Research

hosted the MIUS working session in Apeldoorn on Dec. 9-10, 1975. At this

meeting, an international glossary of MIUS terms in English, French and

German was reviewed and approved and two working committees on Data Format

and Measurement Technology were established to develop a uniform method'-'

ology and format for information exchange. The MIUS study group's next

meeting was held on May 9-10, 1976 in France.

The USA has focused its efforts in this project on preparing the standard

reporting "short form" and the glossary of terms. The United States'

HUD-MIUS program is proceeding as planned. Currently, the Jersey City

Total Energy Demonstration is in an operational data-gathering and evaluation phase. The design study for a MIUS demonstration on a 900-unit

equivalent residential site is under way. ERDA (now DoE) has contracted

for a feasibility analysis of a grid-connected system and has undertaken

a major thrust to develop and commercialize various integrated systems

concepts

.

152
TITLE: Application of Modular Integrated Utility Systems (MIUS) Concept

as a Strategy for Urban Rehabilitation and Development

AUTHOR(S): R.E. Gant

DATE OF ISSUANCE: September 1980

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Author/ORNL

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S)

PROCUREMENT SOURCE; ACCESSION NO.: Contact ORNL (Refer to ORNL/HUD/

MIUS-53)

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: ORNL/HUD/MIUS-53 ; Contract No. W-7405-eng-26

;

HUD Interagency Agreement No. IAA-H-40-72

DOE 40-333-72

TOTAL PAGES; 66 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 31 CLASS OF DOCUMENTS: (P)

ABSTRACT: The urimarv obiective of, this investigation was to define the

existing physical and environmental status of the USA's major metropolitan areas and to assess the potential role of the MIUS concept as a housing strategy for implementing redevelopment/rehabilitation in such

areas. Analyses of data from the 100 largest metropolitan areas indicated

that in many cities the combination of inadequate utility services

(i.e., those having deteriorating, aging and/or undersized infrastructures) and unacceptable environmental quality may severely restrict

their redevelopment/rehabilitation alternatives.

Results of air quality investigations indicate that almost all areas were not in compliance with the national primary air quality standards.

Also acceptable disposal sites and proven management alternatives for

municipal solid waste are decreasing, with the result that some urban

areas are developing their own resource-recovery strategies.

Among other things, this document reports on the number and capacity of

landfills in each state. It examines the adequacy of current water

treatment practices, as based on the detection of halogenated organics

in municipal drinking water supplies; water quality data from 38 metropolitan areas is presented. Migration patterns have also been assessed

so as to determine the population dynamics of metropolitan areas and as an indication of future utility requirements and housing patterns.

A case study of Philadelphia was used to characterize the potential role

of MIUS in this community, since housing patterns and planned redevelopment

efforts and a proposed metropolitan district-heating system made the MIUS

concept an attractive alternative for the city's strategy planning.

The results of this investigation indicate that many cities would benefit

from using the MIUS concept in their rehabilitation and redevelopment

efforts. As urban areas encounter increasingly stringent environmental

regulations, deteriorating physical facilities and uncertain energy

supplies, the MIUS concept becomes an attractive strategy for meeting

the present and future needs of cities.

153
TITLE: MIUS Feasibility - Five Exploratory Studies

AUTHOR(S): D.J. Mitchell

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 1/1980

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Author /NBS

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S)

PROCUREMENT SOURCE; ACCESSION NO.: Contact NBS (Refer to NBSIR 79-^1787)

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: NBSIR 79-1787

TOTAL PAGES: 157 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 4 CLASS OF DOCUMENTS: (p)

ABSTRACT: This publication is one of a series, developed under the

HUD-MIUS Program, which describes the collaborative efforts of NBS, NASA

and their contractors in the comparative analysis of a MIUS and conventional

utilities, for separate housing projects. These efforts consisted of

three separate tasks, namely: Comparative Environmental Analysis;

Comparative Energy Anslysis; Utility System Design and Cost Analysis.

These studies highlight the comparisons betv/een the estimated energy use of

the housing projects in question, when serviced by a MIUS and by existing

utility technology. The utilities studied were: electricity, HVAC, domestic

hot water, potable water, wastewater treatment and solid-waste disposal.

NASA and NBS undertook separate energy and cost analyses which looked into

the- impact on each utility service and the total effect on all utilities.

This report details the methods used to design and evaluate the MIUS and

conventional utility systems, for each of the 5 projects.

The "planned" projects ranged in size from 34A to 1628 dwelling units and

were made up of varying mixes of: mobile homes; single-family attached and

detached residences; and multi-family, low and high rise buildings. One of

the projects (1264 dwelling units) included a "village center" of 20,000

sq. ft.

The Comparative Environmental Analysis Task covered the following parameters: Ecology; Physical/Chemical; Aesthetics; Social. The Comparative

Energy Analysis Task utilized the developer's site and conceptual (building)

plans, plus (preliminary) engineering reports, to form.ulate inputs for the

site load calculations. A detailed analysis was used to generate the site

loads (as they were related to both occupancy and weather) under both

"average" and "design" conditions. These loads were, in turn, used as an input for the Utility System Design and Cost Analysis Task, which calculated the comparative energy consumption, vis-a-vis MIUS and conventional

utility schemes.

Costs were developed using site or regional variations (as available)

for fuel, labor, purchased utility services and taxes.

154
TITLE: Guidelines for Evaluation of a MIUS Demonstration

AUTHOR(S): R.A. Grot; et al

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 12/78

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Authors/NBS

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S)

PROCUREMENT SOURCEj ACCESSION NO.: [NTIS ; PB 291-441]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: NBSIR 78-1563

TOTAL PAGES: 43 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 14 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (P)

ABSTRACT

hud's Office of Policy Development and Research had been working to

reduce the cost of utility services, in order to lessen a major constraint

on the production and marketability of housing. This effort has resulted

in Increasing attention to the consumer side of the energy problem, es- pecially as it relates to residential energy consumption. HUD's research

efforts were directed to a more efficient utilization of energy, rather

than to increased production of energy, since overall efficient use in

housing and associated facilities is important. As a part of its work in

energy research for community development, HUD sponsored the development

of a Modular Integrated Utility System (MIUS)

.

The integration of (normally) separate, required utility services into

an integrated utility system and the development of that system on a modular basis, in step with the development of the community, are con- ceptually attractive. However, the nature of the process under which

a community is established and the lack of experience and expertise

which a conventional developer has at his disposal led HUD to undertake

a demonstration project to investigate how a MIUS would be designed,

constructed and evaluated as a part of the total development of the

community. The principal objectives of the MIUS demonstration were:

a) to demonstrate its technical performance and public benefits; b)

to demonstrate the viability of private sector ownership and operation;

c) to establish a data base to further implementation of the MIUS concept.

In order to maximize the benefits from a demonstration of a MIUS, a carefully-planned evaluation should: a) assess its technical performance;

b) determine the public benefits; c) show the viability of private

ownership; and d) provide a data-base to support future analyses of said

MIUS. This document is a guideline for the development of a detailed

evaluation plan for a MIUS facility which was planned as a demonstration site at St. Charles, Maryland. Generic types of technical, institutional and economic issues are discussed. General performance

measures for the total system, and for each subsystem, are identified.

The classes of data required and the types of data analyses that should

be employed are outlined.

155
TITLE: Performance Guidelines for a Modular Integrated Utility System

AUTHOR(S): D.J. Mitchell

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 11/78

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Author/NBS

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION(S):

PROCUREMENT SOURCE; ACCESSION NO.: [NTIS; PB 289-783]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: NBSIR 78-1395

TOTAL PAGES: 89 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 10 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (P)

ABSTRACT:

HUD is conducting the MIUS Program devoted to the development of the

technical, economic and institutional advantages of integrating the

systems for providing all (or several) of the utility services for a community. The primary objective of the MIUS concept is to provide the

desired utility services consistent with a reduced use of critical

natural resources, plus protection of the environment and minimization

of costs. The program goal is to foster implementation of the integrated

utility system concept by the private or public organization that has

been selected by a given community to provide its utilities.

These MIUS Performance Guidelines are an aid to the drafting of conceptual, preliminary and final designs for a specific MIUS planned for a particular geographic location.

The document identifies the constraints associated with: the electrical

supply; source (s) of thermal energy; solid-waste management; potable

water supply; and wastewater treatment for a residential or residential/

commercial development (as provided by a local, onsite integrated

entity) . It also addresses the collection and distribution of these

utility services to the outer wall "interface" of each user building;

the utility distribution internal to a "user building" is not covered.

[Note: the term user building is taken to mean any building, or site

facility, served by a MIUS utility subsystem.]

This document defines the suggested (generic) performance of a MIUS

serving a residential/commercial development. Performance requirements,

criteria, and evaluations identify the engineering parameters and other

constraints associated with the utilities to be provided by a local,

integrated source. Included are performance requirements, criteria

and evaluations for the environmental impact, health, safety and

subjective acceptability. It is recognized that because of the many

possible combinations of MIUS designs, ownership, methods for implementation and local regulations, a MIUS implementor may want to omit and/or

greatly simplify many of the performance requirements, criteria and

evaluations contained herein.

156
TITLE: International Project Catalog of Modular Integrated Utility

Systems

AUTHOR(S): ^.H. Nimmo; C.W. Phillips

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 7/78

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Authors/NBS

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION(S) : HUD

PROCUREMENT SOURCEj ACCESSION NO.: [GPO; Stock No. 003-003-01953-4]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: NBS Special Publication 515; NATO/CCMS 7 3

TOTAL PAGES: ^55 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 27 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (P)

ABSTRACT

The International Project Catalog was prepared for the Committee on the

Challenges of Modern Society-Rational Use of Energy Pilot Study - Modular Integrated Utility Systems (CCMS-MIUS Project). The catalog is a compilation of project descriptions of more than 200 MlUS-type projects

being conducted in the participating countries. Each description includes: an outline of each project, its status, the approach used,

expected results, basic technical data, the principal investigator,

an indication whether or not data is (or will be) available and other

miscellaneous project information. The catalog is useful: in (1) identifying the various projects in progress and (2) to persons seeking further

technical information on particular projects in which they are interested.

The catalog is the first of a three level system to report on MIUS

type of projects. The second and third level reporting systems, which

are expected to be improved and completed in future activities under

another international organization, will provide information and guidelines for reporting progress and supplying data. The catalog consists

of three parts: an Introduction; list of Projects by Country; and

Project Descriptions, one for each project reported.

The Catalog has been designed to facilitate the location of projects

by country and type (e.g., total energy, district heating) and to aid

in the inclusion of future revisions.

157
TITLE: Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society, Rational Use of

Energy Study, MIUS Project Final Report (Vols. I and 2)

AUTHOR(S): M.H. Nimmo; C.W. Phillips

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 6/78

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Authors /NBS

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S) : HUD

PROCUREMENT SOURCE^ ACCESSION NO.: [NTIS; PB 283-428 & PB 283-429]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: Vol. 1 (Description, Activities and Products):

NBSIR 78-1468-1, NATO/CCMS No. 74-1; Vol. 2 (Minutes of Project

Meetings): NBSIR 78-1468-2, NATO/CCMS No. 74-2

TOTAL PAGES: 238 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 5 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (P)

ABSTRACT:

Volume 1 of this report, by the Committee on the Challenges of Modern

Society - Modular Integrated Utility Systems (MIUS) Project, includes:

a description of the project; its objectives; the chronology of the

project; a description of its activities and products; copies of its

products (Appendices A-E) . Volume 2 includes the minutes of the CCMSMIUS Project meetings, severally identified as Appendices F-J. This

report further discusses the progress of each activity and product and

gives the Committee's recommendations, which call for the continuation

of the project activities.

The objectives of the CCMS-MIUS Project were to identify MIUS-Type

Projects in participating countries and to develop a mechanism for

transferring technical data, concerning these projects, to experts in

the participating countries. The Project had its first meeting in

Brussels, April 10-11, 1975 and its fifth (and last) meeting in Turin,

July 12-14, 1977.

The Project produced a glossary of special terms, a project summary form

for the International Project Catalog (NATO/CCMS 73, NBS SP-515 ; July,

1978) and a list of research needs in MIUS Type of Projects. It began

development of (1) a project progress/evaluation report, (2) a standard

methodology for measuring the performance of MIUS Type of Projects and

(3) a paper on "Incentives and Barriers". The glossary is expected to

promote a greater understanding of terms unique to MIUS. The project

summary form was developed to seek project descriptions for the catalog,

which identify MIUS Type of Projects. The project progress/evaluation

reports on progress and summarizes technical information, for purposes

of evaluation and comparison. The standard methodology identifies the

type of information required for measuring the performance of a MIUS

Type of Project and for the collecting and reporting of data.

158
TITLE: Total Energy Applications for Conmiercial and Residential Space

Conditioning and Electricity Requirements

AUTHOR(S): J. A. Orlando; N.R. Friedman

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 3/78

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Authors/Ma thtech , Inc. (Washington, D.C.)

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S) : Mathtech, Inc.

PROCUREMENT SOURCE; ACCESSION NO.: [Government Institutes, Inc.

4377 Bethesda Ave., N.W. , Washington, D.C. 20014]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: "Proceedings of 5th Energy Technology Conference";

Washington, D.C; Feb. 27-March 1, 1978; pages 858-864

TOTAL PAGES: 7 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED; 4 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (PO)

ABSTRACT

This paper deals with various aspects of cogeneration and its relation to

Total Energy (T.E.). Cogeneration is defined as the simultaneous

generation of electricity and useful thermal energy in a single facility.

Generally, the thermal energy can be utilized for heating and cooling in

residential, commercial, industrial and institutional applications.

Ther term DEUS (Dual Energy Using System) is u§ed synonymously with

the work cogeneration.

As a basis for some of their research activities, DoE collected actual

data on several operating cogeneration systems. Specifically, DoE

attempted to document the decision processes leading to the implementation of a DEUS and the actual resulting operating experience. DoE

reported several conclusions on the basis of their case studies.

Specifically, that the economic viability and operating mode for a co- generation system is a direct function of the relative prices of energy.

Second, it was concluded that the system design must be flexible to

allow for the many changes that are likely to occur to the community

over the life of the DEUS. One approach is to deal in community services

rather than in energy forms directly; i.e., the community planner must

choose from among options for providing space heating, cooling, etc.,

rather than from among options for providing gas or oil or electric power.

The paper states that there are several conclusions that can be made

regarding the cogeneration concept. First, under foreseeable energy

prices, there is only a thin profit margin available from the use of a T.E. system. Second, operators need to have a maintenance orientation

and the revenue base necessary to provide adequate maintenance. Third,

the plant owner must establish a revenue schedule which prices products

at their value and above their cost to produce.

159
TITLE: The Annual Cycle Energy System Concept and Application

AUTHOR(S): J.C. Moyers; E.C. Hise

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 10/77

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Authors

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S) : ORNL

PROCUREMENT SOURCE; ACCESSION NO.: [Pergamon Press, Inc.; Maxwell

House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, N.Y. 10523]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: "International Conference on Energy Use Management"; Tuscon, Arizona; Oct. 24-28, 1977; pages 231-238 (Vol. II)

TOTAL PAGES: 8 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 4 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (PO)

ABSTRACT:

The Annual Cycle Energy System (ACES) , under development at ORNL,

promises to provide space heating, air conditioning and water heating

at a significantly lower expenditure of energy than for conventional space

conditioning and water heating systems. The ACES embodies heat pumping,

thermal storage and (where climate dictates) solar assistance. In

addition, the ACES presents the electric utility with a much flatter

wintertime load profile than the air-to-air heat pump and permits

managed operation to reduce the utility's peak air conditioning load.

The concept is described in the paper, along with variations in design

that permit flexibility to maximize energy conservation or to provide

load management capabilities. Installations that exist (or are under

construction) are described and variations are discussed that are incorporated to meet specific objectives.

The ACES system - through a combination of heat pumping, thermal storage,

and solar assistance - provides an integrated approach to meeting space

heating, water heating and air conditioning requirements with significantly reduced energy consumption. The concept offers flexibility in

design and operation to meet alternative objectives of energy conservation and management of loads Imposed on the utility. The four demonstration projects under way should provide proof of the system's

capabilities and serve to indicate the latitude that is available to

the designer /user.

160
TITLE: An Overview of Urban Energy Systems Technology Options

AUTHOR(S): T.J. Marciniak & R.E. Holtz

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 10/77

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Authors

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S) : Argonne National Laboratory

PROCUREMENT SOURCEj ACCESSION NO.: [Pergamon Press, Inc.; Maxwell

House, Fairview Park; Elmsford, N.Y. 10523]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: "international Conference on Energy Use Management"; Tuscon, Arizona; Oct. 24-28, 1977; pages 819-825 (Volume

III/IV)

TOTAL PAGES: 7 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 7 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (PO)

ABSTRACT

This Article states that there are options to the conventional means of

meeting the electrical space heating/cooling and miscellaneous energy

needs of an urban community. Many of these optional systems are both

economic and energy conserving. The use of community energy systems

(whether they are District heating and cooling. Total Energy or selective energy systems) can reduce the amount of scarce fuels needed to

supply the energy needs of the community. Compared to an all-electric,

conventional system, upwards of 40 to 50% of scarce fuel energy can be

saved mainly because of the waste-heat useage from electrical generation.

The Article points out that the main problem faced by a designer of

energy systems (in an urban environment) is what kind of system to choose

and what technologies to incorporate. Moreover, the use of integrated

systems is contingent upon many factors, including: energy savings;

capital costs; fuel costs; refuse disposal costs; system reliability and

maintainability; reliability of fuel source; and certainty of the es- timated energy demand in the community. Further, one must give due

consideration to the institutional problems that can originate thru the

establishment of an independent system in an urban environment. It is

essential to consider all such factors when considering an urban energy

system. [In the preceding context, the MIUS is considered to be an "integrated" system, sponsored by HUD and based mainly on current

technologies .

]

161
TITLE: The Energy Conservation Potential of Modular Integrated Utility

Systems in Residential-Commercial Applications

AUTHOR (S): W.R. Mixon

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 10/77

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Author/ORNL

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION(S):

PROCUREMENT SOURCEj ACCESSION NO.: [Pergamon Press, Inc.; Maxwell

House, Fairview Park; Elmsford, N.Y. 10523]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: "international Conference on Energy Use Management"; Tuscon, Arizona; Oct. 24-28, 1977; pages 827-833 (Volume

III/IV)

TOTAL PAGES: 7 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 8 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (PO)

ABSTRACT

HUD is conducting the MIUS Program which is devoted to the development

and demonstration of the technical, economic and institutional advantages of integrating the systems for providing all (or several) of the

utility services for a community. The concept utilizes a relatively

small, combined utility plant located on the development site and has

the objective of providing utility services in a way that reduces

the use of critical natural resources, protects the environment and

minimizes cost.

This paper summarizes the results, related to energy conservation, from

analytical comparisons of MIUS with conventional utility systems, both

serving a 720-unit garden apartment complex. Based on a commercially

available MIUS model, using internal combustion engines to drive

electric generators and utilizing waste heat from the engines for domestic

heating and cooling, MIUS was shown to be significantly more efficient

in the use of input fuel energy over a wide range of climate. Energy

savings with MIUS ranged from about 14%, over the use of conventional

heat pumps in San Diego, to 50% over the use of electric resistance

heating in Minneapolis. An overall average of comparisons with 5

conventional models in 5 climates yielded a 30% savings of fuel energy

with MIUS. [The effects on energy use from using solid waste incineration with heat recovery and thermal energy storage in MIUS are also

discussed]

162
TITLE: Abstracted Reports and Articles of the HUD Modular Integrated

Utility Systems (MIUS) Program

AUTHOR(S): J.D. Ryan and B. Reznek, Editors

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 8/77

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Authors/NBS

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S)

PROCUREMENT SOURCE; ACCESSION NO.: [GPO; SD Catalog No. 013.10:489]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: NBS SP-A89

TOTAL PAGES: 153 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 132 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (P)

ABSTRACT

This document provides a complete listing of significant reports and

articles relating to the HUD-MIUS Program from (early) 1970 through

August, 1976. The entry for each report contains an Abstract and

other pertinent information, including procurement sources and procedures.

Reports are presented by 4 general subject categories: Program/Concept

Description; Systems Analysis, Technology Evaluation; and Hardware

Evaluation & Demonstration. These Abstracts are further classified

into 3 publication/availability categories; namely: government publications ("Published Reports") ; non-government publications and articles

("Outside Publications"); and unpublished reports and data ("OpenFile Reports")

.

163
TITLE: Some Institutional Factors Affecting MIUS - A Case Study and

Annotated Bibliography

AUTHOR(S): J. Elder

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 6/77

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Author/NBS

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION(S):

PROCUREMENT SOURCE3 ACCESSION NO.: [NTIS; PB 268-425]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: NBSIR 76-1103

TOTAL PAGES: 64 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 62 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (P)

ABSTRACT: —

This report considers some of the institutional factors which could

affect the development and implementation of an innovative utility project

and in particular that of a MIUS. A case study of the planning and

implementation stages of a major utility project was undertaken along

with several studies of less complex utility projects. The case studies

and literature survey indicated a number of institutional factors, along

with a wide range of issues associated with these factors. Specifically,

the factors which are considered fall into the following areas: utility

company response; local citizen group response; environmental group response; labor interests; builder/developer role; local planning agency

and (local) state and Federal agency involvement. Economic and legal/

regulatory factors are not considered in any detail.

An annotated bibliography, exploring the literature on institutional re- sponse to existing or proposed utility projects and to innovation in

general, is included.

In addition to the case studies and the annotated bibliography, the

report contains a list of researchers currently working on related programs. Also included are a list of journals and other major references

which are likely to include relevant material.

164
TITLE: Siting of Modular Integrated Utility Systems (MIUS)

AUTHOR(S) : W.R. Mixon

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 1977 .

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Author

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S) : ORNL

PROCUREMENT SOURCE; ACCESSION NO.: [American Nuclear Society; Transactions Volume 27; TANSAO 27 1-1028(1977) ISSN : 0003-018X]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: 1977 Winter Meeting; San Francisco, Calif.;

Nov. 27 - Dec. 2, 1977; pages 698-699

TOTAL PAGES; 2 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED; 3 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (PO)

ABSTRACT

The paper states that the primary goals of MIUS are to meet one or more

of the following objectives;

1) conserve natural resources; 2) reduce energy consumption; 3) minimize

environmental impact; 4) provide utilities in phase with the demands

of community development; 5) eliminate the impact of local restrictions

on waste treatment which can delay housing construction; 6) reduce total

cost for utility services.

As part of the evaluation and assessment efforts of the MIUS Program, the

potential impacts from construction and operation of a hypothetical

MIUS model (using commercially available technologies) were analyzed

and compared to that of alternative conventional systems. The objectives were to identify and compare the beneficial and adverse effects of MIUS

with respect to program goals.

Characteristics of MIUS in relationship to siting criteria are briefly

summarized, namely:

a) MIUS was estimated to use from 10 to 40% less land than conventional

utilities, depending on whether MIUS uses storage ponds for cooling

and/or fire protection.

b) Current technology MIUS would consume about 30% less fuel energy,

averaged over ranges of climate and systems used for comparison, than

conventional utilities.

c) Unlike conventional utilities, MIUS does not need to be located near surface water. MIUS can reuse treated liquid waste: for cooling tower

makeup, as a supply to a cooling pond, for fire protection, or for

irrigation - thereby meeting cooling and other requirements without

additional withdrawal.

d) While definite conclusions depend on many site-specific factors,

the MIUS can generally be characterized as a relatively small on-site

utility system that conserves energy while providing equal services

in an environmentally acceptable manner. Pollution of water and land from

MIUS operation can be significantly less than from conventional systems.

165
TITLE: The Modular Integrated Utility System (MIUS) as a Potential

Influence on Community Development

AUTHOR(S): W.R. Mixon

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 1977

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Author

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S) : O^NL

PROCUREMENT SOURCE^ ACCESSION NO.: ["Water, Air and Soil Pollution"

7(1977); pages 261-269]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: Copyright 1977 by D. Reidel Publishing Co.,

Dordrecht, Holland

TOTAL PAGES: 9 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 8 cLASS OF DOCUMENT: (^0)

ABSTRACT: ~ ~ ~ ~ '

The MIUS Program is a multiagency effort directed towards the development, demonstration, evaluation and ultimate widespread application of a new option for providing utility services to communities. HUD is

conducting the MIUS Program, which is devoted to the development and

demonstration of the technical, economic and institutional advantages

of integrating the systems for providing all or several of the utility

services for a community. Possible utility services include the provision of electric power, domestic heating and cooling, potable water,

fire protection water, liquid waste treatment and solid waste management. The objective of the MIUS concept is to provide the desired

utility services in a way that is consistent with a significant re- duction in the use of critical natural resources, protection of the

environment and minimization of cost.

A MIUS might be sized to accommodate several hundred (or a few thousand)

multifamily dwelling units, nearby single-family housing and associated

commercial facilities. The MIUS is modular in that it can be installed

near appropriate users in phase with the actual demands of community

development or redevelopment. It uses an integrated systems approach,

whereby some resource requirements of one service are met by utilizing

the effluent of another. For example, heat rejected from electrical

generation might be used for residential space heating and the effluent

from liquid waste treatment might be used for fire pretection and/or

cooling-tower water.

This paper summarizes the MIUS concept and the type and extent of its

potential application. Possible interactions between MIUS and the local

community are identified from a comparison of the technological and

physical characteristics of MIUS with those of alternative conventional

utilities. Possible impacts on land use and patterns of community

development are emphasized.

166
TITLE: Energy Conservation Potential of Modular Integrated Utility

Systems (MIUS)

AUTHOR(S): W.R. Mixon; C.L. Segaser

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 9/76

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Authors

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S) : ORNL

PROCUREMENT SOURCEj ACCESSION NO.: [AIChE]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: Hth lECEC Proceedings; pp 554-558 (//769094)

TOTAL PAGES: 5 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED; 8 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (PO)

ABSTRACT: —" — —

The MIUS program, under the direction and sponsorship of HUD, is a multiagency effort directed towards the development, demonstration and ultimate

widespread application of a new option for providing community utility

services. MIUS stands for a relatively small plant located within new

housing developments or communities and which could provide all their

utility services: electricity, heating and cooling, solid and liquid

waste treatment and potable water. As with Total Energy Systems, the

MIUS concept places electrical generation near consumers in order to

economically utilize waste heat for domestic heating and cooling.

This paper summarizes results related to energy conservation, as derived

from analytical comparisons of MIUS with conventional utility systems

with both assumed to be serving a 720-unit garden apartment complex.

Based on a commercially available MIUS model using gas-fueled internal

combustion engines to drive electric generators, and with waste heat from

the engines being used for domestic heating and cooling, MIUS was shown

to be significantly more efficient in the use of input fuel energy over

a wide range of climate. Energy savings with MIUS ranged from about

14% over conventional heat pumps in San Diego to about 50% over allelectric apartments with resistance heating in Minneapolis. An overall

average of comparisons, with 5 conventional models in 5 climates,

amounted to a 30% savings of fuel energy with MIUS. [The effects on energy use from using solid waste incineration with heat recovery and

the application of thermal energy storage in MIUS are also discussed.]

167
TITLE: The Modular Integrated Utility Systems (MIUS) Program

AUTHOR(S); J. H. Rothenberg

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 9/76

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Author

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S) : HUD

PROCUREMENT SOURCE; ACCESSION NO.: [AIChE]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: 11th lECEC Proceedings; pp 1719-1725 (#769297)

TOTAL PAGES: 7 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 1 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (PO)

ABSTRACT:

MIUS is an extension of a total energy system but, in addition to

performing energy-heat recovery functions, it also processes solid and

liquid wastes and purifies water. In addition to saving energy, the

MIUS concept minimizes the adverse environmental impacts of utility

systems. HUD has organized the MIUS program into three phases. Phase I included the evaluation of available technology, development of component

and system performance specifications and detailed technical/economic/

institutional feasibility studies of the concept. At present, HUDPolicy Development Research is conducting a demonstration of a total

energy system in Jersey City, N.J. coupled with an "automatic" pneumatic

trash collection system. A MIUS Integration and Systems Test (MIST)

facility at NASA/JSC has been used for the development and verification

of MIUS control systems. A coal-fueled MIUS is being developed which

will enable the use of coal as a substitute for oil. Phase II of the

HUD-MIUS Program, which investigated the construction and evaluation of a demonstration project in a private sector residential development, was initiated in April 1976. Phase III provides for the dissemination

of the many study-phase results directly oriented to implementation of

the concept.

The HUD-MIUS Program is one of the many national efforts to conserve

energy and help the USA become more self-sufficient in meeting energy

needs. Furthermore, the program has the added dimension of helping

to solve community services needs, particularly those of wastewater and

solid waste treatment. The MIUS, an alternative to large central

stations, offers new capacity and improved efficiency in the provision

of utility services.

168
TITLE: Modular Integrated Utility Systems (MIUS)

AUTHOR(S): W.R. Mixon; J.O. Kolb

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 12/75

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Authors

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S) : ORNL

PROCUREMENT SOURCE; ACCESSION NO.: [Clean Energy Research Institute;

School of Engineering and Environmental Design; University of Miami]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: "Energy Conservation: A National Forum"; Fort

Lauderdale, Fla. ; Dec. 1-3, 1975; Pages 432-442 of Forum Proceedings

TOTAL PAGES: H TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 3 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (PQ)

ABSTRACT: ~— — - -

This paper summarizes potantial energy savings, air quality impacts and

annualized costs resulting from application of the MIUS concept and

compares them to alternative conventional utilities. Analyses are based primarily on use of currently available technology but the application of systems under development is also considered. The conclusions

presented represent a current summary of results from evaluation studies

of major components and subsystems applicable to MIUS, systems analyses

comparing MIUS to conventional utilities serving identical consumer

models and assessments of impacts from application of the MIUS concept.

To date, the series of evaluations and impact assessments that have been

completed on MIUS technology lead to the following list of "general

conclusions": 1) The quality and reliability of MIUS services can be

at least equal to that of conventional utilities; 2) The potential to

rapidly incorporate advanced technologies in MIUS is at least equal to,

and perhaps better, than in conventional systems; 3) In its applicable

market, MIUS would consume less energy from fuel resources than would

projected alternative conventional systems; 4) MIUS dependence on gas

or oil may overshadow its energy savings, but a system using coal fuel

is under development; 5) The private cost of services from MIUS would

be about the same as from conventional utilities; 6) Some of the environmental impacts from MIUS would be less than those from conventional

utility systems and others would be greater; 7) Social, legal and institutional acceptance of MIUS could be achieved if the developer took

certain steps to fully inform the public in a manner which would have

promoted positive attitudes; 8) Apparently, there are no very important

adverse secondary or higher order impacts caused by substitution of MIUS

for conventional systems; 9) MIUS would have beneficial applications

where there were building moratoriums because of inadequate utility

service capacity. [MIUS could also be utilized at remote government

installations or other remote sites.]

169
TITLE: Preliminary Considerations on Selection of a Universal MIUS

Design Criteria

AUTHOR(S): C.F. Lively, Jr.

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 9/73

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Author /NASA-JSC ; USPO

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S )

REFERENCE SOURCE & ACCESSION NO.: [NASA-JSC]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: JSC-08446; USPO Internal Note

TOTAL PAGES: 56 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: A CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (OF)

ABSTRACT : ' ""^ ~

This document is a (preliminary) study of the combining of technical

economic and marketing considerations needed to define one "universal"

MIUS concept. The study outlines one approach which can be taken towards defining the (optimum) universal MIUS concept. The results and

data are preliminary in nature and any conclusions that are drawn must

also be considered preliminary and subject to verification.

A universal MIUS is defined as one having a "population" large enough

to be economically produced and marketed. Associated questions relate

to: 1) whether MIUS can be designed to meet the design criteria of a market segment large enough to attract a manufacturer; 2) the nature of

said design criteria; and 3) the size of the associated market. This

study presents one approach to these problems. The criterion used in

the study was to select locations which would appear to be most economical for a MIUS and which have reasonable environmental variations; i.e.,

those which had the largest electrical/fuel-oil cost ratios and, hence,

maximum potential cost savings.

The MIUS characteristics variation, for the design range chosen, was relatively large. It was concluded that the design of a single preengineered, manufactured product (having a large market potential) is

not feasible. The universal MIUS concept would in all likelihood re- duce to a preliminary MIUS design concept, with a catalog of components;

i.e., the MIUS design would be somewhat different for each location and

facility, with components selected from a catalog of MIUS components

for each such application.

170
TITLE: Marketing Considerations for a Modular Int

(an "Executive Summary")

AUTHOR(S): R.F. Stone; et al

egrated Utility System

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 8/73

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Abt Associates, Inc. (Cambridge, Massach

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S) : NASA-JSC

PROCUREMENT SOURCE; ACCESSION NO.: [Abt Associates]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: Contract NASA-2022; JSC EZ- 3/ 73-295

TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 5 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (PO)

This report describes a study of the market characteristics of MIUS on

a national, state and municipal level; it seeks to define the distributions (by size) of various building types that may be amenable to MIUS

and also to determine the number of MIUS units that could provide

utility services (in four size ranges) for each building type. This

new building market may be comprised of groups of buildings or individual buildings. The potential markets for MIUS are also examined from

national, state and municipal viewpoints. Resource savings through MIUSbased on both building construction and municipal utility expansion

forecasts - are determined.

It is concluded that individual apartment buildings, between 100 to 500

dwelling units up to between 500 to 2000 dwelling units, are potential

primary markets for MIUS to attempt to capture. Stores, schools,

libraries (between 80,000 and 400,000 square feet) and offices larger

than 80,000 square feet should also provide excellent secondary markets.

Overall, the projection is that slightly more than 25% of all building

construction appear suitable, in size and specifications, as potential

markets for MIUS. [In addition, it seems that municipal utility com- panies may be in a position to use MIUS to serve that portion of utility

expansion required by all new buildings.]

171

3. SYSTEMS ANALYSIS

REPORTS

173
Systems Analysis Reports

These reports provide data and evaluations of MIUS systems,

subsystems or components. Information is usually in terms of the

economic, environmental or energy conservation aspects of a MIUS

serving community utility loads for a typical year. Trade-offs and

systems' effects of various equipment configurations, climates, loads,

types of buildings are often presented.

174
TITLE: Second Law Analysis of the Jersey City Total Energy Plant

AUTHOR(S) :

DATE OF ISSUANCE: November 1978

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Professional Engineering Consultants; Sherwood,

Wisconsin

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S) : NBS

PROCUREMENT SOURCE; ACCESSION NO.: Contact NBS

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: NBS Purchase Order 809281

TOTAL PAGES: 111 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 9 CLASS OF DOCUMENTS : (OF)

ABSTRACT: Whereas a First-Law analysis indicates a "supposed" annual

efficiency of about G07., a Second-law analysis of the Jersey City T.E.

(JCTE) Plant shows that plant to have a true annual efficiency of 22+%,

compared to 20% for a conventional system.

The plant produces electricity at an efficiency of over 40%, compared to

about 30%, conventionally. Site hot water (for comfort heating and

domestic uses) is delivered to the buildings at an efficiency of nearly

17%. Chilled water (for comfort cooling) is produced at an efficiency

of 3^. The- overall efficiency vzith x^hich hot and chilled water are delivered is about 12.4%, as contrasted with nearly 14% for a conventional

system; since the improvement in electrical performance exceeds the

decrease in thermal performance, the overall T.E. plant is more efficient.

When the engines are credited for the useful thermal energy in the exhaust

gases and cooling water their efficiency is 47%, or about 12% more than

when only the shaft work output is utilized. [Note: the useful energy

in the exhaust is recovered at an efficiency of less than 20%.]

The engines consume about 65% of the plant fuel; the other 35% is supplied

to "boilers". The efficiency of the boilers is about 18%, which is

typical of current hot water boiler technology. The efficiency of the

chillers is about 15%, which is typical of absorption refrigeration.

Clearly, the heart of a T.E. plant is the engine-generator-heat recovery

subsystem. The First-Law viewpoint would imply that the energy output

of this subsystem - in electrical and thermal form - is delivered at an efficiency of 60% by JCTE, whereas the true efficiency (at which useful

energy is delivered) is about 48%. Even more remarkable is the difference

between the First and Second-Law efficiency of the boilers, about 80 and

20% respectively. Also, the respective First and Second-Law efficiencies

of the chillers are about 50 and 15%. The First-Law efficiency makes a T.E. plant appear to be much more efficient at producing heated water (which

is used to heat site hot water and to drive the absorption-type chillers)

than it actually is.

175
TITLE: Performance Analysis of the Jersey City Total Energy Plant

(Executive Summary)

AUTHOR(S): c.W. Hurley; J.D. Ryan; C.W. Phillips

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 3/82

D0Cm4ENT PREPARED BY: Authors/NBS

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S)

PROCUREMENT SOURCE; ACCESSION NO.: Contact NBS (Refer to NBSIR 82-2483)

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: NBSIR 82-2483; HUD Utility Demonstration Series

Volume Eighteen

TOTAL PAGES: 68 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 1 CLASS OF DOCUMENTS: (P)*

ABSTRACT: Under HUD sponsorship NBS collected and analyzed engineering,

economic, environmental and reliability data from a complex located in

Jersey City, N.J. The complex covers 6.35 acres and consists of four

medium to high-rise apartment buildings (containing 486 units), a 46,000

sq. ft. commercial building, a school (kindergarten through third grade),

swimming pool and central equipment building (CEB)

.

Site construction started in 1971. HUD decided to design the CEB to meet

both the thermal and electrical energy demands of the site, with the

necessary equipment being installed to recover waste heat from five 600kVJ

diesel-engine/generator units. In effect the CEB became a T.E. plant.

NBS was responsible for designing and installing the instrumentation and

data acquisition system (DAS), to determine fundamental engineering data

from the CEB and other site buildings. The "raw data" from the DAS

(starting in April 1975) was processed by a mini-computer located at NBS

and specially programmed to present a broad spectrum of engineering values

and profiles. This report summarizes these instrumentation /data systems

and provides an outline of the significant data, that was collected, plus an abbreviated version of the plant and site.

This Report also includes the summarized results of an analysis of the

quality of utility services supplied to the site consumers plus an analysi

of environmental tests which were performed to show the effects of the

plant on air quality, noise and cooling-tower emissions. In general,

these analyses reflected favorable results from this T.E. plant.

Economic and energy analyses are reviewed as operating results and ' on

a comparative basis with 12 alternative system designs which were con- sidered applicable for providing the site with equivalent utility services

Systems utilizing the T.E. concept showed significant fuel savings but do

not (currently) represent attractive investments compared to conventional

systems, at least not with presents fuel costs. [However, analysis of

the engineering data indicates that significant fuel savings can be made

by relatively minor adjustments in plant procedures.]

176
TITLE: Performance Analysis of the Jersey City Total Energy Plant

(Final Report)

AUTHOR(S): C.W. Hurley; J.D. Ryan; C.W. Phillips

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 4/82

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Authors/NBS

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S)

PROCUREMENT SOURCE; ACCESSION NO.: Contact NBS (Refer to NBSIR 82-2474)

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: NBSIR 82-2474; HUD Utility Demonstration Series

Volume Thirteen

[Note: Some of the References are cited more than once.]

TOTAL PAGES: 386 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED; 81 CLASS OF DOCUMENTS: (p)^^

ABSTRACT: Under the T.E. concept, efforts are made to recover (normally) wasted heat and utilize it for space heating, domestic hot water and

space cooling using absorption-type chillers. The use of such heat

reduces the additional conventional energy required to meet these needs.

Since T.E. requires the generation of electrical power to be near the area of the utilization of the waste heat, the application of on-site

electrical generation systems is encouraged.

Under HUD sponsorship NBS collected and analyzed engineering, economic,

environmental and reliability data from a complex located in Jersey

City, N.J. The complex covers 6.35 acres and consists of four medium to high-rise apartment buildings, (containing 486 units), a 46,000 sq. ft.

commercial building, a school (kindergarten through third grade) , swimming pool and central equipment building (CEB) .

Site construction started in 1971. HUD decided to design the CEB to

meet both the thermal and electrical energy demands of the site, with

the necessary equipment being installed to recover waste heat from five

600 kW diesel-engine/generator units. In effect the CEB became a Total

Energy (T.E.) plant, utilizing absorption-type chillers; this T.E, plant

has been serving the complex since Jan. 1974.

NBS was responsible for designing and installing the instrumentation and

data acquisition system (DAS), to determine fundamental engineering data

from the CEB and other site buildings. The "raw data" from the DAS

(starting in April 1975) was processed by a mini-computer located at NBS

and specially programmed to present a board spectrum of engineering

values and profiles. This report describes these instrumentation /data

systems and presents the significant data, plus a performance analysis

of the plant and site.

177
Continuous, on-site, measurements were the major part of the NBS/JCTE

monitoring program. Selection of the measurement parameters as well as their frequency, accuracy and duration were determined by the data

requirements of the evaluation process. These monitoring efforts

included: plant and site energy use studies; plant component performance;

and assessment of the quality of the utility services supplied to the

site tenan ts

.

The energy study plan sought to account for: all (significant) energies

supplied to the plant; that portion used by the plant for its operation;

the energy supplied to each of the site buildings; distribution losses;

and energy discarded from the plant as "waste heat". These data were

used to calculate an overall value for plant energy effectiveness, as a function of time.

The instrumentation and data acquisition systems monitored approximately

135 plant and 90 site variables, at five-minute intervals, on a yearround basis. The system recorded on magnetic tape for shipment to NBS

for processing. A Modem link (over a direct telephone line from the CEB

to NBS) was also available for the transmission of real-time data,

during the later part of the period covered by this report.

The accuracy of the engineering data presented in this Report is primarily dependent upon the accuracy of the measurement instrumentation.

In general, the DAS instrumentation was capable of producing data at

acceptable levels of accuracy for heat balance calculations, load

patterns, mathematical models, etc. [Naturally, the accuracy of those

values computed from more than one DAS channel depends on the combined

accuracy of the indiviual pieces of instrumentation involved in present-^'

ing the data for the calculation.]

Economic and energy analyses are presented, both as operating results

and on a comparative basis with 12 alternative system designs considered

applicable for providing the site with equivalent utility services.

Although those systems utilizing the T.E. concept showed significant

fuel savings such systems do not (currently) represent attractive investments compared to conventional systems, at least not with present fuel

costs. [However, the analysis of the engineering data does indicate

significant savings in fuel can be made by relatively minor adjustments

in plant procedures.]

This Report also includes the results of an analysis of the quality of

utility services supplied to the site consumers plus an analysis of

environmental tests which were performed to show the effects of the

plant on air quality, noise and cooling-tower emissions. In general,

these analyses reflected favorable results from this T.E. plant.

178
TITLE: Executive Summary: Operation Breakthrough Site Waste Management

Systems and Pneumatic Trash Collection

AUTHOR(S): J. P. Overman; et al

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 11/78

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Hittman Associates, Inc. (Columbia, Md .

)

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S) : Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory,

Office of Research and Development (EPA)

PROCUREMENT SOURCEj ACCESSION NO . : [gPO; 1978, 621-422/221];

[NTIS; PB 280-143]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: HUD-PDR-199-4 ; HUD Utilities Demonstration

Series Volume 4; Contract No, 68-03-0094

TOTAL PAGES: 36 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 5 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (P)

ABSTRACT:

The Report states that HUD's "Operation Breakthrough" (O.B.) programs

demonstrate quieter, more sanitary, more convenient and more economical

waste collection systems within buildings, complexes and municipalities.

In the study summarized here, nine sites were analyzed and compared as

to: economics; effectiveness; environmental factors; efficiency of

operation; and acceptance by residents. Eight of the sites used various

trash collection methods, ranging from conventional curbside pickup to

centralized compaction and pickup. The ninth site (at Jersey City, N.J.)

used a pneumatic trash collection (PTC) system, the first installation

of its kind in a residential complex in the United States. This report

summarizes the evaluation of the refuse management systems at the O.B.

sites, particularly stressing the PTC system evaluation and the refuse

system user acceptance surveys at eight of the sites.

A PTC system is a solid-waste management system that automatically collects all such waste generated at a site (with the exception of "bulky"

waste) and compacts this refuse into sealed containers. It is designed

to be a quieter, more sanitary and odorless service as well as one that

is convenient for users. The system is ultimately designed to reduce

operating costs, manual labor and energy requirements and thereby to

provide for a more effective and efficient refuse collection service as compared to conventional systems.

179
TITLE: Potential Energy Savings in Commercial/Residential Communities

Based on Integrated Systems Design

AUTHOR(S): R.E. Holtz; T.J. Marciniak

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 11/77

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Authors

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S ) : Argonne Laboratory

PROCUREMENT SOURCE; ACCESSION NO.: [ASME]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: "Heat Transfer in Energy Conservation",

pp 27-32; Winter Annual Meeting of ASME; Atlanta, GA, 11/27-12/2/77

TOTAL PAGES: 6 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (PQ)

ABSTRACT:

This paper documents a preliminary engineering analysis of alternative

concepts of Integrated Community Energy Systems (ICES) , as applied to a commercial/residential development designed to use conventional energy

service systems. These studies have been conducted to explore the

potential of ICES and the application of new technologies to meet

community energy requirements. The studies were also conducted to:

(1) develop ICES concepts; (2) compare these concepts with conventional

energy supply systems, in terms of energy conservation and economics;

and (3) identify potential problems in the development of ICES concepts.

[Note: Planning information and energy load characteristics for the

development had been supplied by the developer.]

Three ICES layouts have been investigated, for both a shopping center

and a shopping center/commercial/residential development. These systems

were conceptualized to meet the anticipated energy demands. The report

shows that considerable energy savings can be obtained by employing such

integrated energy systems. The prime contributor to this energy savings

(in the diesel engine and fuel cell based systems) is the utilization of

the waste-heat from the generation of electricity. A heat-pump centered

system, which employs electricity from the grid, does not result in as large an energy savings as do the two systems which utilize waste heat;

these savings are primarily due to the high COP of currently available

heat pumps.

Various options to employ other energy sources to augment the primary

energy source (i.e., fuel oil for diesel engines, natural gas for fuel

cells and electricity for heat pumps) are also available. These options

include the following: solid wastes; liquid wastes; and solar energy.

Implementation of an ICES is found to be contingent upon factors such as: energy savings; life-cycle costs (i.e., initial costs, projected fuel

costs and other O/M costs) ; system reliability and maintainability;

reliability of the fuel source; and the certainty of estimated energy

demand for the community. It is quite essential to consider all such

factors when designing an integrated community system.

180
TITLE: Feasibility Analysis for the Integration of an Incinerator

with Waste Heat Recovery at the HUD Jersey City Total Energy

Demonstration Site.

AUTHOR (S)

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 9/77

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: American Hydrotherm Corp. (New York, N.Y.);

Contract H-2155 (Modification No. 1)

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S) : American Hydrotherm Corp.

PROCUREMENT SOURCE^ ACCESSION NO.: [HUD; Office of Policy Development

and Research]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: HUD-PDR-199-6 (11/78); HUD Utilities Demonstration Series Volume Sixteen

TOTAL PAGES: 174 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 16 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (P)

ABSTRACT :

' " ~ — The Summit Plaza Apartments Development in Jersey City, N.J. is a recently completed "Operation Breakthrough" site. One of the several

innovative design concepts used at this project provided for a Total

Energy (T.E.) system to supply electricity, winter heating, summer cooling and domestic hot water. [Many of the features of a T.E. plant are

also components of the MIUS concept.] The retrofitting of an incinerator

with waste heat recovery at this mixed-use site would further enhance

its capability of improving utility services by locally processing the

solid wastes generated on site, while simultaneously reducing the projects dependency on purchased (non-renewable) fossil fuel.

The Summit Plaza site was sponsored by HUD as a part of the U.S. Government's responsibility for utilities demonstrations. Its T.E. system is a fully monitored installation, with a continuing program which collects

and analyzes data intended to be used to improve performance and enhance

design criteria for future projects. In addition, the site is equipped

with a Pneumatic Trash Collection (PTC) system which is described in

detail in this report; the PTC lends itself to automation of the solid

wastes handling and incineration systems. The J.C. site is particularly

appropriate for a long term evaluation of an incineration system with

waste heat recovery and has further validity as a demonstration of the

viability of retrofitting a waste-heat recovery incinerator to an already

existing project, thereby moving one step further in the MIUS concept

of project self-sufficiency in all utility services.

The results of an investigation of available options for the installation

of waste-heat recovery equipment, within the constraints imposed by an existing and occupied development, are summarized in this report. Since

the investigation covered technically valid approaches (which were un- suitable solely because of restrictions imposed by conditions at this

particular site) the report also attempts to fulfill a further function

of presenting data on presently available, small or moderate-sized,

factory-assembled incineration systems with waste heat recovery.

181
TITLE: Performance Analysis of the Jersey City Total Energy Site:

Interim Report

AUTHOR (S): J. Hebrank; et al

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 7/77

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Authors /NBS

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S )

PROCUREMENT SOURCE^ ACCESSION NO.: [NTIS; PB 269-517]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: NBSIR 77-1243; HUD Utilities Demonstration

Series Volume Seven

TOTAL PAGES: 175 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 10 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (P)

ABSTRACT : ~ ~

The Jersey City total energy plant consists of 5 diesel engine-generators

with jacket and exhaust heat recovery, 2 hot-water boilers and 2 absorption chillers. The plant supplies all electrical power, hot water and

chilled water (through an underground distribution system) to: 485

apartments; a 46,000 sq. ft. commercial building; a school; and an outdoor pool. The installed electrical capacity is 3000 kW, with 9.3 MBtu

per hour heat recovery capacity plus a boiler capacity of 26.8 MBtu per

hour and a chilling capacity of 1092 tons of refrigeration.

During the reported period (Nov. 1975 through Oct. 1976) the plant distributed a total of: 6,360,000 kWh of electrical energy; 37,400M Btu

of heating; and 7,740 MBtu of chilling. The heat recovered was used to

meet 39% of the site and chiller heat demands. Engine-generator gross

electrical efficiency was 32.4% and gross electrical plus thermal

efficiency was 61.4%. Seasonal average boiler efficiency was 81.6% and

the chiller coefficient of performance was measured as 0.40. [The losses

of the site distribution systems were not accounted for.]

Analysis of the plant's electrical reliability indicated that the plant

supplied power to the site for 99.8% of the reported year. Outages were

mostly due to malfunctions in the plant's electrical control systems.

The vast majority of the reported engineering data was collected by a data acquisition system (D.A.S.) which monitors approximately 200 transducers at the site. The raw data from the site was processed by computer

at NBS. For the one year period the accuracy of the electrical, thermal

and fuel data presented in this report is between 1 and 3%.

Economic data are also presented describing the capital, operating, owning and maintenance costs during the one-year period. Unit costs of

electrical, heating and cooling energy commodities were determined and

compared to conventionally - supplied energy unit costs.

Note: "M" = million, in above.

182
TITLE: Preliminary Design Study of a Baseline MIUS

AUTHOR(S): B.M. Wolfer, et al (NASA); E.H. White (Clovis Heimsath)

;

R. Monzingo (Boeing)

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 4/77

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Authors/NASA-JSC/Clovis Heimsath Assoc. & The

Boeing Co. (Houston, Texas)

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S ) : NASA-JSC

PROCUREMENT SOURCE; ACCESSION NO.: [NTIS; N77-34050]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: JSC-11625; NASA TM X-58193

TOTAL PAGES: 261 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 65 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (-p) ABSTRACT

A conceptual design study for a high-density, 496-unit apartment complex

in a median climate (Washington, D.C.) was performed to determine whether

a MIUS would be cost competitive with conventional utilities and whether

implementation of the MIUS would result in using less fossil fuel.

Detailed cost analyses were performed for the "baseline" MIUS complex and

comparisons were made of design and operating variations for various

climatic conditions. In addition, size-variation effects were investigated

using 300- and 1000-unit apartment complexes for baseline comparison.

[An investigation of possible environmental impacts and of State and local

regulations, for Montgomery Village, Md .

, indicated that numerous problems

would be encountered in implementing an MIUS.]

The initial plan for the baseline MIUS was based on Chicago, 111. costs,

as representative of the national median. [All historical cost data

were adjusted by the appropriate Department of Labor cost index.] The

costs include subcontractor (but not general contractor) profit and overhead. Costs for equipment located in the apartment buildings are excluded,

as are individual dwelling metering and billing costs and administrative

costs and property taxes. Both capital costs and operating and maintenance costs are considered. The maintenance costs have been largely

based on 20-year average values and represent the costs required to

keep equipment in good repair but do not include replacement, depreciation

or amortization values.

The MIUS design presented in this report is not sufficiently detailed for

implementation. The MIUS concept is such that a unique design for each

application must be made with respect to: capacities; interfaces with

existing systems and services; environmental interfaces and impacts;

distribution and interfaces with serviced buildings; etc.

183
TITLE: Technology Assessment of Modular Integrated Utility Systems:

Volume 1, Summary Report

AUTHOR(S): W.R. Mixon; et al

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 12/76

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Authors /ORNL

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S)

PROCUREMENT SOURCE; ACCESSION NO. : [GPO; 1977-748-189/225]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: ORNL/HUD/MIUS-24 ; Contract No. W-7405-eng-26;

HUD Interagency Agreement No. IAA-H-40-72 ERDA 40-333-72

TOTAL PAGES: 65 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 2 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (P)

ABSTRACT:

Technology Assessment is a systematic study which relates the technology

to the total social framework, identifies all "impacts" and establishes

cause/effect relationships to aid decision makers in balancing "good"

and "bad" impacts. This assessment did not focus on technology but

rather on its application effects; the basic objective was to identify

and evaluate the consequences of a widespread utilization of MIUS to

the year 2000. MIUS is proposed in place of conventional utility systems

to serve a limited number of new residential-commercial developments.

Thus, the approach was to conduct a comparative analysis of the impacts

of MIUS vs alternative conventional utility systems.

This assessment is published in two volumes to best serve a wide range

of interests. ORNL/HUD/MIUS-24 contains the summary section which

briefly describes: the MIUS concept; assessment task; MIUS and conven- tional utility system technologies; potential MIUS applications and market; and expected impacts (by category). Impact categories include:

resources; economic; environmental; psychological/social; national goals;

and policies - both institutional and demographic. Volume 2 (published

and abstracted separately as ORNL/HUD/MIUS-25) contains the detailed data

and analyses in several sections, which generally correspond to the procedural method employed. Major topics include description of technologies, state-of-society assumptions, identification of impacts and impact

analysis.

The MIUS concept utilizes an onsite combined "package plant" (smaller

than conventional plants) to provide communities of limited size with

electricity, heating/cooling water and liquid and solid waste treatment/

disposal. MIUS is modular in that it can be located near appropriate

users and in phase with the actual demands of community development or redevelopment. It employs an integrated systems approach, with some re- source requirements of one "utility" service met by utilizing the effluent of another; e.g., heat rejected from electrical generation might

be used for residential space heating and the effluent from liquid waste

treatment might be used for cooling-tower water or irrigation.

184
TITLE: Technology Assessment of Modular Integrated Utility Systems

(Vol. 2 of ORNL/HUD/MIUS-24)

AUTHOR(S): W.R. Mixon; et al

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 12/76

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Authors /ORNL

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S )

PROCUREMENT SOURCEj ACCESSION NO.: [GPO; 1977-748-189/133]'

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: ORNL/HUD/MIUS-25 ; Contract No. W-7405-eng-26

;

HUD Interagency Agreement No. IAA-H-40-72 ERDA 40-333-72

*[Some references have been cited more than once]

TOTAL PAGES: 597 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED :493^ CLASS OF DOCUMENT- (P)

ABSTRACT : ——

This assessment is published in two volumes to best serve a wide

range of interests. [Section 1 (ORNL/HUD/MlUS-24) is a separate

Summary Report that focuses on expected impacts by category.] ORNL/HUD/

MIUS-25 contains the detailed data and analyses in several sections

(2 through 6), which generally correspond to the procedural method

employed. Section 2 is a short introduction to the MIUS program and

concepts and the objectives, scope and approach of this assessment.

Section 3 ("Description of Technologies") describes the types of MIUS

and conventional subsystems (considered most likely to exist in the

years 1975 to 2000) and documents their projected costs, physical

features and operating characteristics. These projections were used

in discussions of the constraints related to the "State-of-Society

Assumptions" (Section 4) which, in turn, were used to identify impacts

(Section 5) . Since this report is devoted to a comparative study of

proposed MIUS vs conventional systems, all characteristics required

to define MIUS must also be determined for conventional systems.

Furthermore, each of the two types of utility systems encompasses

extensive fields of technology, namely: electric/thermal energy

generation and distribution; solid/liquid waste collection, treatment

and disposal; potable and fire-protection water supply. The following

topics are treated in this section: Description of MIUS Concepts;

MIUS Electric Utility Technology; Conventional Electric Utilities

Technology; Space Heating/Cooling for MIUS and Conventional Utilities;

Potable-Water Supply/Treatment for MIUS and Conventional Utilities;

Liquid-Waste Subsystems for MIUS and Conventional Utilities; SolidWaste Subsystems for MIUS and Conventional Utilities; Consumer Thermal

and Electrical Requirements; and Comparative Analysis of Selected

MIUS and Conventional System Models.

185
The aim of Section 4 ("State-of-Society Assumptions") Is to Identify

and discuss the societal characteristics which may accelerate, dampen

or otherwise affect - or be affected by - the development and application of MIUS technology. Applicable characteristics are Identified and

defined and (where possible) suitable units of measurement are selected

for each attribute and for the relationships between specific attributes

and their effect on the application of the technology. The major topics

of Section 4 are: National Goals and Policies; Current and Projected

Housing Characteristics; Projected Fuel Demands and Resources;

Projected Solid Waste Requirements; Projected Water Demands; Projected

Liquid Waste Treatment Requirements; Institutional-Legal Factors; and

Psychological and Social Factors.

Section 5 ("Identification of Impacts") is primarily devoted to clarifying the possible impacts of MIUS utilization on all sectors and Interest

groups of society. It consists largely of two tables which: a)

categorize impacts (and, where possible, identifies the impact order

and the group or biota affected) and suggests a unit for their

measurement; b) lists physical and operational characteristics of MIUS

with their advantages and disadvantages. Cause and effect relationships

can be established by cross-checking between the tables.

Section 6 ("Impact Analysis") makes use of the technologies described

and analyzed in Section 3 (and the projected state of society discussed

in Section 4) to assess the impacts of utilizing the MIUS concept. Emphasis is placed on relative differences in the Impacts of MIUS and

non-MIUS installations. The following are treated in this section:

Economic Impact on Productivity and Economic Efficiency; Economic Comparisons of Fixed and Growing Systems; Evaluation of Air Quality Levels

from Hourly Load and Weather Data; Evaluation of Air Quality Levels in

Selected Urban and Rural Locations; Index of Environmental Impacts;

Institutional Impacts; Projected Psychological and Social Effects;

Impact of MIUS on Fossil Fuel Resources; Impact of MIUS on Conventional

Electric Utilities; Impact of MIUS on Projected Water Use; Impact of

MIUS on Land Requirements; Impact of MIUS on Demography and Residential

Characteristics; and Summary and Conclusions.

The significant substitution of MIUS for additional, conventional , utilities (or other new competing utilities) would affect some aspects

of society beneflcally and others adversely. ORNL/HUD/MIUS-24 & -25

places the technology within the total societal framework in order to

aid decision makers in the balancing of desirable and undesirable Impacts.

186
TITLE: The Potential Benefit of an Advanced Integrated Utility System

AUTHOR(S): B.M. Wolfer

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 11/75

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Author/NASA-JSC

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION ( S)

PROCUREMENT SOURCEj ACCESSION NO.: [GPO; 1975-671-548/719]; [NTIS; N76-18671]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: JSC-09964; NASA TM X-58170

TOTAL PAGES: ^7 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 3 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (P)

ABSTRACT

This Technical Memorandum reports on a NASA/JSC investigation into the

potential benefit of an advanced integrated utility system (which provides electrical power, heating/air-conditioning, solid waste disposal

and water treatment) in a single integrated plant. The system incorporates MlUS-related technology, assumed to be available in 1980 with

some development effort, which can serve a hypothetical apartment complex.

The investigation centered around one such integrated system. The

example chosen features: a pyrolytic process for disposal of solid waste,

closed-Brayton-Cycle engines plus fuel cells, solar energy collection

and absorption and compression chillers. The system simultaneously

treats wastewater and removes sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides from

exhaust gases.

Calculations indicate that the system will use about 45 to 60% less

energy than a current conventional system (assuming concurrent implementation of architectural energy-saving techniques in the apartment

complex) and approximately 45% less water. The savings and multifuel

capability of the proposed system clearly indicate the potential benefits of the advanced integrated utility concept in conserving fuel and

water resources.

Three appendices are included. One describes a technique for storing

thermal energy, a second discusses the uses of various fossil and synthetic

fuels in the power generation options and a third lists candidate

architectural energy-conserving techniques.

Although cost estimates of the advanced integrated utility system were

not determined, the capital and maintenance costs of the system will

be relatively high. However, these high costs should be offset by

reduced operating costs attributable to the substantially reduced fuel use and to increased fuel costs; rising fuel costs will increase the

cost of operating conventional systems more than for the integrated system.

187
TITLE: Evaluation of ORNL Report on "Technology Assessment of Modular

Integrated Utility Systems"

AUTHOR(S): L.H. Mayo; et al

DATE OF ISSUANCE; 6/75

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: "The Program of Policy Studies in Science and

Technology" of the George Washington University

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S) : NBS

REFERENCE SOURCE & ACCESSION NO.: [NBS]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION : Department of Commerce Contract No. 5-35851

TOTAL PAGES; 236 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 5 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: fOF)

ABSTRACT : ~" —

This report summarizes work done by George Washington University (GWU)

in reviewing the Technology Assessment (T.A.) of the MIUS concept, as it was being conducted by ORNL. The report reflects upon the substantial

descriptive/analytical effort involved in compiling the T.A., wherein a relatively enormous amount of technical data and analysis is produced

relating to a comparative assessment of MIUS and conventional utility

models

.

The evaluation found that an (apparent) uncertainty on the part of the

ORNL assessment group - as to the specific task objectives - resulted

in a certain lack of focus as to purpose and analytical uniformity.

It was concluded that the ORNL Report can be significantly strengthened,

so as to make it easier to read and better understood by interested

participants. Additionally, such "strengthening" will increase the

T.A.'s analytical exactness and its usefulness to those public and

private-sector entities and individuals who will be most concerned with

the development and implementation of MIUS technology.

The GWU report contains a number of relatively concise statements con- cerning the principal strengths of the ORNL Report, along with recommendations for specific revisions to improve its quality and utility.

188
TITLE: Cost Methods and Cost Analysis Results for the Community

Study MIUS Concepts

AUTHOR (S)

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 12/73

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: The Boeing Co. (Houston, Texas)

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S ) : NASA-JSC

REFERENCE SOURCE & ACCESSION NO.: [NASA-JSC]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: NASA-5 (Preliminary)

TOTAL PAGES: 295 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 33 CLASS OF DOCUMENT* (OF)

ABSTRACT: ~ " ^—

This document presents cost summary results for a community application

study , sponsored by the USPO. The costs for two different MIUS concepts were compared to the costs of utilities supplied from (conceptual) conventional utility systems for a community of (about) 100,000

residents. [The conceptual community had an assumed "buildup period"

of 20 years, from 1975 through 1994.] The utilities investigated were:

electrical power, water supply, hot water, waste water, heating,

ventilation/air conditioning and solid waste disposal.

The conclusions of the study are summarized below:

A) MIUS utilities and services appear cost competitive with conventional

utilities and services for large, new community applications.

B) A major MIUS cost savings is for electrical power; this results from

a reduction in fuel requirements and electrical transmission

facilities

.

C) Another major MIUS cost saving results from reduced water supply

requirements

.

D) The capital and operating costs of small wastewater treatment plants are not completely offset by reduced collection costs; however intermediate-sized plants may be cost effective, mainly because of their

reduced collection costs.

E) An increased capital cost, for large (central) air conditioning

systems, is offset by reduced maintenance costs.

F) Solid-waste collection/handling costs are not reduced significantly

by MIUS; however, recovery of energy from solid-waste appears

economically desirable.

Note: Cost escalations and discounted cash-flow analyses, when compared

to current (12/73) costs, do not appear to significantly affect these

conclusions

.

189
\
4. TECHNOLOGY EVALUATION

AND

DEMONSTRATION REPORTS

191
TITLE: Survey of User Acceptance of the Solid Waste Removal Systems

at Operation Breakthrough Sites

AUTHOR (S):

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 2/76

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Applied Management Sciences/Hittman Associates,

Inc

.

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S ) : National Environmental Research Center

(EPA)

PROCUREMENT SOURCEj ACCESSION NO.: [NTIS; PB 257-474]; [GPO; 1977,

231-205/6192]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: HUD-PDR-199-1 (3/77); HUD Utilities Demonstration Series Volume 1; Contract No. 68-03-0094

TOTAL PAGES: 310 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (P)

ABSTRACT:

Note: The reader is reminded that the data, findings and recommendations contained within this report are derived from the perceptions of

residents and site management personnel at "Operation Breakthrough"

(O.B.) sites; the survey data are not intended to be a technical evaluation of the solid-waste management system at each O.B. site. Further,

no "on-site" inspections were conducted to verify conditions as reported

by the residents.

The Report presents case studies of the solid-waste disposal characteristics (and resident "attitudes" about such disposal methods) at eight

O.B. sites. The data included in the report were obtained through on- site interviews of 1023 households and 8 representatives of site management. The survey was conducted during the period of January through

March, 1975. Site specific recommendations were made, which were based

on the conclusions drawn from site management and resident respondents.

The report includes resident and management perceptions of: the adequacy

of trash storage and collection facilities and services; waste storage

requirements and practices; and the suitability of the facility as regards the environment. [The data do not constitute a technical evaluation

of the solid-waste management system at each facility.] The findings

represent user perceptions of the effectiveness of alternative methods

of trash collection, as those methods relate to different housing settings.

192
TITLE: Data Reduction Processes for the Jersey City Total Energy

Pro j ect

AUTHOR(S): D.E. Rorrer; et al

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 5/79

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Authors /NBS

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S)

PROCUREMENT SOURCE; ACCESSION NO.: [NTIS; PB 296-482]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: NBSIR 79-1757; HUD Utilities Demonstration

Series Volume 10

TOTAL PAGES: 115 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 15 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (P)

ABSTRACT

Note: The Report assumes that the reader has a basic familiarity with

computer and engineering terminology.

The Jersey City Total Energy (T.E.) system consists of a Central Equipment Building (CEB) which supplies all the electrical and thermal

energy to a 6.35 acre site which has 4 medium to high-rise apartments

housing 1300 people in 485 apartments plus an elementary school, swimming

pool, 46,000 ft2 commercial building and parking space for the tenants.

The CEB is a three-story structure which houses: five, 600 kW, diesel

engine generators; two, 13.4 MBtu/hour (4.0 MW) , hot water boilers; and

two, 546 ton (6.6 MBtu/hour or 1.9 MW) , absorption chillers.

This Report discusses the major processes used in the reduction of the

data obtained from the Jersey City T.E. Site. These discussions begin

with the acquisition of the "raw" engineering data and carry through

to the final data presentation, in a form from which the summary performance reports of the T.E. Site are produced.

The major functions of the Jersey City T.E. data editing and conversion

software program, developed by NBS, are described in some detail. Included are descriptions of: the command structure; overall data flow;

data editing; data conversions; error processing; and the creation of

data (output) tapes for use in further analysis. The more important

subroutines which are used to handle the individual operations are also

covered. The equations used in the calculation of engineering units are described, along with such derivations as are deemed appropriate.

193
TITLE: Design Cost and Operating Data for Alternate Energy Systems for

the Summit Plaza Complex: Jersey City, N.J.

AUTHOR (S)

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 5/79

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: H.D. Nottingham and Associates, Inc. (McLean, Va.)

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S) : NBS

PROCUREMENT SOURCEj ACCESSION NO.: NTIS No. to be made available

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: OCR 79-164 (NBS); HUD Utilities Demonstration

Series Volume 15 (Part I of II); Contract 5-35870 (NBS)

TOTAL PAGES: 310 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 9 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (P)

ABSTRACT:

The purpose of this Study is to develop basic design and operating data

for comparing eleven alternate methods of supplying heating, cooling and

electric power to a residential/commercial complex. The community com- plex studied is the Summit Plaza Development (located in Jersey City,

New Jersey) which has been served since January, 1974, by a Total Energy

(T.E.) plant. This development is a HUD demonstration effort, administered by NBS as regards the analysis of the performance and overall

viability of the T.E. facility. Included in the scope of this study are:

1) an analysis of the installed T.E. system;

2) a conceptual design of alternate energy systems;

3) estimates of the capital, operation and maintenance costs of the

existing system and each alternate system;

4) a simulation of the energy systems, operating through a typical year,

to determine energy demands and consumptions.

The existing T.E. system at Summit Plaza has the following (basic)

characteristics

1) production of electric power with "on-site" diesel engine generators;

2) purchase and consumption of fuel oil as the single energy source;

3) waste heat recovery, from the diesel engines, for building heating/

cooling and for the generation of domestic hot water;

4) supplemental oil-fired boilers to augment heating requirements;

5) use of absorption- type water chillers for building cooling.

The Report recommends that the relative cost effectiveness of the twelve

energy systems should be compared by a life cycle analysis based on the

following: a) initial construction cost; b) annual energy consumption

costs; c) annual maintenance, operation and replacement costs; d) appropriate economic discount rates and cost escalation factors. The report

also recommends that a "life-cycle" cost analysis (with appropriate

economic discount rates and cost escalation factors) be performed so

as to quantity the trade-off between the energy-efficient, high firstcost, systems and the energy-inef f icient , low first-cost, systems.

194
TITLE: Detailed Initial Cost Data for Alternate Energy Systems for the

Summit Plaza Complex: Jersey City, N.J.

AUTHOR(S)

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 5/79

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: H.D. Nottingham and Associates (McLean, Va .

)

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S) : NBS

PROCUREMENT SOURCE3 ACCESSION NO.: NTIS No. to be made available

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: GCR 79-165 (NBS); HUD Utilities Demonstration

Series Volume 15 (Part II of II); Contract 5-35870 (NBS)

TOTAL PAGES: 139 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 1 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (P)

ABSTRACT

Summit Plaza Complex is a residential/commercial development located in

Jersey City, N.J.. It consists of four apartment buildings, a commer- cial/office building and a school building. The apartment buildings

have 485 units and contain a total of 506,780 sq. ft.; the commercial/

office building contains 49,130 sq. ft.; the school building contains

17,870 sq. ft.

The purpose of this Report is to derive detailed estimates of the con- struction costs of alternate energy systems which might be used for com- parison with the existing Summit Plaza T.E. plant. The alternate

systems included in this report were the twelve systems analyzed in a related NBS publication, GCR-164, entitled: "Design, Cost and Operating

Data for Alternate Energy Systems for the Summit Plaza Complex; Jersey

City, N.J.".

The alternate systems are: 1) the existing T.E. Plant; 2) the existing

plant, operated such that it sells power to the local electric utility

under certain conditions; 3) a T.E. plant similar to System #1, but having

higher efficiency diesel-engine generators; 4) a T.E. plant, having

both electric-driven and absorption-type water chillers; 5) a central

heating/cooling plant, using electric-driven chillers and oil-fired

boilers [Note: electricity is purchased from the local utility company

for this and all subsequent systems]; 6) a central heating/cooling plant,

using absorption chillers and oil-fired boilers; 7) a central heating/

cooling plant, using diesel-driven centrifugal and absorption water

chillers and oil-fired boilers; 8) individual heating/cooling plants

for each building with each plant consisting of an electric-driven

chiller and an oil-fired boiler; 9) individual heating/cooling plants

for each building with each plant having an electric-driven chiller and an electric boiler; 10) incremental heating and cooling units for

each space; 11) individual heat pumps for each space; 12) individual

self-contained air conditioning units, with electric heat, in each

space.

195
TITLE: Evaluation of a Conceptual Design for a Coal Fired FluidizedBed Combustion Furnace for a MIUS Closed Cycle Gas Turbine

AUTHOR (S): J.J. Tudor

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 1/79

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Author/ORNL

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S)

PROCUREMENT SOURCEj ACCESSION NO. : [GPO; 1979-748-189/371]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: ORNL/HUD/MIUS-36 ; Contract No. W-7405-eng-26

;

HUD Interagency Agreement No. IAA-H-40-72 ERDA 40-333-72

TOTAL PAGES: 37 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 3 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (P)

ABSTRACT

The evolution of a (conceptual) design tor a coal-tired, f luidized-bed

combustion chamber and heater, suitable for use in a MIUS application,

was guided by a number of precepts which are detailed in this Report.

A number of concepts were investigated. Each overall design and its

components were studied and evaluated according to "criteria of merit",

as also summarized in the Report. A compromise configuration was arrived at, that seemed to meet the diverse requirements reasonably well.

In evolving the design of the gas-turbine power plant (based upon a coal-fired, f luidized-bed combustion furnace) particular attention

was given to the most critical component in the system, i.e., the

fluidized bed furnace and heater assembly. Various layout arrangements

of the economizer and recuperator (relative to the fluidized bed) were

studied. Several configurations were considered for the tubes in the

heat transfer "matrix" of the bed and economizer and the related effects

of differential thermal expansion on thermal stresses were analyzed. The

possibility of tube vibration, resulting from Karman vortex shedding or from bed pulsation, was examined. A relation between basic f luidized-bed

design parameters and the expected frequency of bed pulsations was

derived. Particular attention was given to the accommodation of dimensional expansion in the manifolds, piping, plenum chamber and furnace

support structure so as to minimize thermal expansion stresses. Configurations were chosen that would limit the leakage of dusty air or combustion gas leakage to a sufficiently low level so that the pumping

power would not be increased significantly. Also, the furnace con- figuration was designed to limit heat losses to the engine room to less

than 1% of the system output. Various tuyere designs that have been

tested by different organizations were examined, their problems noted and

the one that seemed best suited to the MIUS applications was selected.

Similarly, a number of coal and limestone feed systems were considered

and two were chosen for evaluation in bench tests of full-scale components. The various tube and furnace configurations were also examined

from the standpoint of access for inspection and maintenance.

196
TITLE: Instabilities in a Coal Burning Fluidized Bed

AUTHOR(S): A.S. Thompson

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 11/78

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Author /ORNL

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S)

PROCUREMENT SOURCEj ACCESSION NO.: [GPO; 1978-748-189/299]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: ORNL/HUD/MIUS-38 ; Contract No. W-7405-eng-26

;

HUD Interagency Agreement No. IAA-H-40-72 ERDA 40-333-72

TOTAL PAGES: 40 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 5 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (P)

ABSTRACT:

An ORNL program for developing a coal-fueled MIUS is being jointly sponsored by HUD's Office of Policy Development and Research and ERDA's

Fossil Energy Branch. This publication is one of a series developed

under the HUD-MIUS Program to further a particular aspect of the program

goals; it is one of several topical reports covering the various aspects

of the conceptual design of a coal-fueled MIUS system. This particular

report deals with an analytical study of the instabilities in a coalburning fluidized bed.

The report derives equations based on a simplified flow model, for

the analytical prediction of the frequency at which periodic instabilities

are generated in a bed of particulate matter when the bed is fluidized

by the circulation of a gas through it. The derived frequency depends

on the inverse square root of the bed depth and on the expansion of the

bed in its operating condition. The amount of expansion, in turn, depends on the velocity of the fluidizing gas. The results of the

analysis indicate that (between the minimum and maximum flow rates at

which fluidization can exist) there are two bed depths at each flow

rate, for which the forces on a particule are in equilibrium; one depth corresponds to a "dense" phase, the other to a "light" phase of

the particulate matter of which the bed is composed and only for flow

rates below a prescribed maximum are these two phases in quasi-stable

equilibrium.

The analysis of this report is based on a set of simplifying assumptions

in which: (1) the motions of particles are small and transient variations

in properties can be linearly related and (2) the bed materials are distributed uniformly and homogeneously. In analyzing the gas flow

through the bed, it has been assumed that the local distribution of the

particles in the gas can be described in terms of a regular geometric

pattern. The relationships from the analysis appear to be confirmed by

(reported) experiments on the behavior of fluidized beds, under both

bubbling and slugging conditions.

197
TITLE: Preliminary Evaluation of the Electrical Service Reliability

of a Small Total Energy Plant

AUTHOR (S): J.D. Ryan

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 8/78

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Author

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S) : NBS

PROCUREMENT SOURCEj ACCESSION NO. : [SAE; SAE/P-78/75]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: 13th lECEC Proceedings; pp 2180-2185 (#789291)

TOTAL PAGES: 6 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 13 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (PO)

ABSTRACT : —— __

Electrical service reliability data were obtained from the initial four

years of operation of the Summit Plaza Total Energy Plant located in

Jersey City, New Jersey. This on-site, 2.3 MW, plant was designed with

reserve capacity intended to assure reliable operation independent of

a utility grid connection. The measured reliability of this plant was compared to the reliability of utility-supplied electricity from several

data sources. Reliability performance of the TE plant was (mostly)

nearly equal to that of the electric utilities. Two years of poor

reliability seemed to be more representative of a "debugging" phase of

plant operation. An additional 1-2 years of data collection is needed

to establish the "normal" reliability levels of this plant. Suggestions

for unattended operation and component improvements, to enhance the

reliability of TE plants, are also presented.

198
TITLE: An Annotated Compilation of the Sources of Information Related

to The Usage of Electricity in Non-Industrial Applications

AUTHOR (S): B. Reznek

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 7/78

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Author

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S) : Ben Reznek, Consultant

PROCUREMENT SOURCE; ACCESSION NO.: [NTIS; PB 285-260]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: NBS Publication No. GCR 78-130

TOTAL PAGES: 690 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: A20 CLASS OF DOCUMENT; (P)

ABSTRACT : " ' '

'

' ~ ~

This document provides a list of abstracts of "published" (and privatelyprinted") electricity usage information which is either directly, or in

a significant secondary context, related to the non-industrial usage

classifications. [The pertinent literature has been examined and abstracted for a period beginning about 1952 and extending thru 1977.]

Categorization of this Compilation's information sources was kept reason- ably simple; however, a substantial percentage of the abstracts needed

extensive cross-referencing even though their primary information context

tends to center in the primary subject area listed in their Document

Classification space in the forms used for abstracting. A limited number

of general interest areas needed background discussion; such areas are covered by summarizing paragraphs in the INTRODUCTION of this report.

The Load Research Committee of the Association of Edison Illuminating

Companies' (LRC/AEIC) "privately-printed" abstracts (which comprise one of

the two primary groupings of this document) include appreciably more detail than does the usual format; these extra details are intended to

assist the readers, since access to the complete references may not be

feasible. The "published" references have been abstracted in such fashion

that the readers can make their own determination as to whether they

will want to check the entire reference

This report was sponsored by HUD as part of the MIUS Program, since a data base for estimating "start-up" and "future" electrical usage is a necessary and important requirement for developing a MIUS. MlUS-type

demonstration projects are being investigated but the relative importance of this energy concept is not yet evaluated; therefore, it was decided to expand this Compilation's information search so as to include

data with potential use for all non-Industrial/non-MIUS applications.

Material was introduced which dealt with the general background of Load

Research, past usage experience and the various techniques for predicting

future trends in electricity consumption. Thus, this Compilation can be

viewed as being somewhat more than a collection of abstracts since it

provides a capsulized background plus data base sources for use in con- ventional, T.E. and MIUS and other conceptual applications.

199
TITLE: Plan for Environmental Evaluation of MIUS Demonstration at

St. Charles, Md.

AUTHOR(S): J.W. Boyle; et al

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 7/78

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Authors/ORNL

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S)

PROCUREMENT SOURCE; ACCESSION NO.:

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: ORNL/HUD/MIUS-51 ; Contract No. W-7405-eng-26

;

HUD Interagency Agreement No. IAA-H-40-72

TOTAL PAGES: 110 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 58 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (p)

ABSTRACT:

This publication is one of a series developed in the MIUS Program under

the direction of HUD, which is conducting the Program for the development and demonstration of the technical, economic and institutional

advantages of integrating the systems used for all (or several) of the

utility services for a community.

MIUS demonstration phase activities were formally initiated in April,

1976, by a grant to Interstate Land Development Co., Inc. (ILD) for the

conceptual and preliminary MIUS designs to serve part of the "new town"

of St. Charles, Maryland. The intent of the demonstration was to have

a private sector entity design a MIUS that would be cost effective in

satisfying a site-specific performance specification and that would

address institutional issues as required.

This document presents a plan for environmental evaluation of the St.

Hharles ( concept) MIUS. The proposed MIUS would be located within the

community and would include diesel engines to generate electricity,

solid-waste incineration and liquid-waste treatment. Heat recovered

from the engines and incinerator would be used for space heating/cooling

and water heating; treated liquid waste would be used for golf course

irrigation.

Environmental and/or human health effects of potential significance

were first identified by comparing postulated emissions from the MIUS

plant with Federal, state/local regulations for pollutants having known

adverse effects. A program of sampling and analysis was outlined for

monitoring the critical parameters. Evaluation of the human health and

environmental effects was heavily based on the collection of inferred

data for which the comparison of verified predictions with air and water

quality standards and criteria will determine the degree of impact.

Human welfare impacts are based on a comparative study between the Smallwood Village community (which would receive its utility services from

the MIUS plant) and a comparable, conventionally-served community.

200
The program included two sets of evaluations. The first was designed to

evaluate the performance of the MIUS subsystems and to determine their

emissions. The second is covered in this report and is designed to

evaluate the environmental effects of MIUS emissions. Sampling for both

programs may be at common points; however, the frequency of data collection

and the pollutants analyzed may be different for each.

Because the design, analyses and institutional resolutions (of the preliminary design state) satisfied several demonstration objectives, HUD

decided not to fund construction of the plant. Project documentation,

including this evaluation plan, is intended to serve as a site-specific

case study to guide private sector implementations of the concept.

201
TITLE: A Review of Computer Software Applicable to the MIUS Program

AUTHOR(S): W.L. Carroll; J.R. Schaefgen, Jr.

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 10/77

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Authors /NBS

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S)

PROCUREMENT SOURCEj ACCESSION NO.: [NTIS; PB 273-175]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: NBSIR 77-1307

TOTAL PAGES: 101 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 28 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (P)

ABSTRACT: ~

The Report examines and evaluates 13 computer programs for their potential application to the MIUS concept. These programs calculate all (or

partial) combinations of; heating and cooling loads; the simulation (s)

of physical systems to determine the energy requirements necessary to

satisfy such loads; the prediction of optimal operation schedules and

their associated costs; the accomplishment of full "life-cycle" economic

analyses

.

A set of criteria is presented for evaluation of this software. Information regarding the programs - obtained from user manuals and a series

of seminar presentations - is systematically summarized in a standardized format using information available as of June 1974 (mainly) , altho

two programs are described which are currently (1977) under development.

Conclusions regarding the applicability, validity and utility of the

programs are reached. Recommendations are also made concerning future

software development and utilization.

The Report contains (scattered) references to data sources pertinent

to load calculations and utility services, including the electrical

demands

.

202
TITLE. Comparison of Computer-Predicted and Observed Energy Uses in a Multi-Family (High-Rise) Apartment Building

AUTHOR(S): J.P. Barnett; S.T. Liu

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 6/77

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Authors /NBS

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S)

PROCUREMENT SOURCE; ACCESSION NO.: [NTIS; PB 267-829]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: NBSIR 76-1177

TOTAL PAGES: 35 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 12 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (P)

ABSTRACT : ~~ ' ~~~ ~~

The study compares the results of two computer programs, namely NBS '

s

Load Determination Program (NBSLD) and the American Gas Association's

(E-CUBE) Program, in predicting the energy consumption of a 12-sbory,

118-apartment building located in Omaha, Nebraska. Results for the

computed energy values are given on a monthly basis and compared with

average monthly values of metered data obtained over a five year period.

Close agreement (less than 7%, on an annual basis) was found between the

energy consumptions predicted by the two different computer programs,

as well as between the predicted values and the metered data.

Since the energy consumption for this case was closely related to the

space load, the calculation of energy consumption for this building

was really a test of how well the two Programs calculated space thermal

load. This comparison may not be as valid for many commercial buildings where the complexity of the HVAC system performance is a major

factor affecting energy consumption. The results of this study indicate

that both NBSLD and the E-CUBE Programs reliably predict energy consumption for a building which is dominated by loads due to thermal transfer

through its exterior shell (skin sensitive) and which also has a rather simple HVAC system. These resiilts should, however, not be con- strued to mean these two programs would necessarily be as accurate for

a building with a more complicated HVAC system. In the case of NBSLD,

since it is only a load program, it is obvious that a new system simulation routine would have to be developed to calculate energy consumption

for a different HVAC system.

203
TITLE: Program Document for Energy Systems Optimization Program

(ESOP 2); Vol. I - Engineering Manual; Vol. II - User's Manual;

Vol. Ill - ESOP 2 Program Listing; Vol. IV - Economic and Financial ^ Analysis Program User's Guide*

AUTHOR(S): R.G. Hamil; S.L. Ferden

DATE OF ISSUANCE: Vol. I (3/77); Vol. II (5/77); Vol. Ill (6/77);

Vol. IV (1/75)*

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Authors /Lockheed Electronics Co., Inc.; Systems

and Services Division

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S) : Lockheed Electronics Co., Inc.

PROCUREMENT SOURCEj ACCESSION NO.: Vol. I [NTIS; N77-25631]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: [JSC-12625; CPD 714; LEC-9764, for Vols. I, II

& III]

*Vol. IV, by R.D. Stalling (et al) , is unchanged from its prior

identification as Vol. Ill of LEC 5041/TM 4084

TOTAL PAGES: 635 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 17 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (PO)

ABSTRACT

This program document represents the results of a developmental study

(by Lockheed Electronics Co. - Systems and Services Division) to produce a computer program which will provide energy analyses of energy

conversion systems, such as MIUS

.

This document is a complete revision of previous documents describing the

Energy Systems Optimization Program. [The program has now been given

the acronjmi ES0P2, rather than the previously designated ESOP.] Principle

changes in the program, which are described in this document, includes:

(a) modifications to the input format to allow modular inputs in specified blocks of data; (b) an optimization feature which enables the program

to search automatically for the minimum value of one parameter, while

varying the value of other parameters; (c) new program "option flags"

for prime mover analyses; (d) inclusion of solar energy for space heating

and domestic hot water.

Vol. I contains the method of analysis, description of program subroutines

and a program flow chart. Vol. II contains all of the information necessary

to prepare the input deck required to run an energy systems analysis

using ES0P2. The inputs are divided into 14 sections such as: program

flags, weather data and building parameters for orderly classification

of the data. Lead card setup sheets are shown for each section for general

problems, as well as specific decks for two "sample" problems. The

sample problems were selected to show how the various subroutines integrate to give a total system analysis. Vol. Ill consists of a complete

listing of ES0P2, including all subroutines used by the program; a general flowchart of the program is also provided.

204
TITLE: Evaluation of the Refuse Management System at the Jersey City

Operation Breakthrough Site

AUTHOR(S): J. P. Overman & T.G. Statt

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 5/77

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Hittman Associates, Inc. (Columbia, Md .

)

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S ) : Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory,

Office of Research and Development (EPA)

PROCUREMENT SOURCE; ACCESSION NO. : [GPO; 1978, 621-423/222, 1-3];

[NTIS; PB 280-551]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: HUD-PDR-199-5 (11/78); HUD Utilities Demonstration Series Volume 3; Contract No. 68-03-0094

TOTAL PAGES: 238 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED : 25 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (P)

ABSTRACT: ~~

This Study evaluates the solid-waste management system at the Jersey

City "Operation Breakthrough" site and assesses the economic and technical practicality of applying the system in future residential communities.

This installation was the first pneumatic trash collection (PTC) system

for residential refuse in the U.S.A. The annual cost for the PTC system

ranged from 160 to 460% of that for conventional systems but would still

have been cost-effective if it had operated at its design capacity. Over

an 18 month monitoring period the PTC system was operable only 54% of

the time and had a 50% probability of failure within 16 hours (or 15

cycles of operation). Following failures, probabilities of again being

operable were 50 and 83% within 3.4 and 24 hours, respectively. The

main transport line, programmer, discharge valves, control panel, vertical

trash chutes, and compactor caused 88% of all system malfunctions, 94%

of total downtime and 91% of all repair man-hours.

Design recommendations are presented that could increase system availability to about 86%. Additionally, recommendations are made for use in

future residential complexes. In comparison with conventional systems,

the PTC system has (as benefits): reduced labor costs; the non-appearance

of rodents and vermin; and the virtual elimination of odor, litter and

collection noise. Additionally, the refuse collection system was designed to be completely automatic, except for the final disposal of site

refuse

.

One overall recommendation is that in order for the PTC system to be

most advantageous, it should be used in high-density residential communities and in other areas where there are high levels of refuse loadings.

For these applications, a "debugged" PTC system could be the most eco- nomical selection and provide higher levels of service than conventional

refuse collection systems.

205
TITLE: Design Techniques for Modular Integrated Utility Systems

AUTHOR(S): B.M. Wolfer

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 2/77

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Author /NASA-JSC

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S)

PROCUREMENT SOURCE] ACCESSION NO.: [NTIS; N77-22005]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: JSC-10747; NASA TM X-58189

TOTAL PAGES: 78 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 14 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (P)

ABSTRACT:

From 1972 to 1975, NASA/JSC worked on developing MIUS design techniques.

This paper describes the development of such techniques, which began

with the definition of system hardware options and the selection of those

most applicable to the integrated utility concept. Ground rules are delineated which provide reasonable design bounds, consistent with anticipated 1980- techno logy capabilities. Methods were derived for: the

development of utility load profiles; the preparation of a computer program to aid in equipment selection and energy- and water-usage analyses;

and for the development of cost-estimating techniques to compare MIUS

with conventional utility systems and services. These techniques have

been used to analyze various MIUS possibilities; for example, the variations in energy savings and costs in relation to various factors such

as project type, density and size.

With regard to the design and analysis techniques, the following principal steps were indicated as prerequisite to the design of an MIUS:

(a) in keeping with a ground rule to use currently available equipment,

options for the various subsystems were analyzed and reduced to reciprocating engines (using either diesel fuel or natural gas) or to steam

turbines for electrical-power generation; (b) compression or absorption

chillers were to be used for air-conditioning; (c) incineration was to

be the method for disposing of solid waste; (d) biological or physicalchemical methods were to be used in waste-water treatment; and (d) re-, covered heat was to be taken from power-generation and incineration

processes (supplemented by boilers, if required) for space heating and

domestic hot-water heating.

206
TITLE: (Final) Environmental (Impact) Statement of the New Community

of St. Charles, Charles, County, Md

.

AUTHOR (S):

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 1/77

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: HUD/NCA (New Communities Administration)

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S)

PROCUREMENT SOURCE; ACCESSION NO. : [NTIS; PB-264416]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: HUD-NCA-EIS-77/2

TOTAL PAGES: 545 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 50 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (P)

ABSTRACT:

Because a typical application could contain over 50 "exhibits" and

volumes of special reports and information, it is impractical to include

all detailed information in the basic Environmental Statement. The list

of such exhibits, reviewed in conjunction with the St. Charles New

Community application for additional guarantee assistance, can be found

in Appendix (A) of this document.

The environmental impact assessment procedures used in this statement are those prescribed in the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development

"Interim Guide for Environmental Assessment", dated June 1975. The

technical environmental assessment process in this guide is based upon

a principle of testing for environmental impact at increasing levels of

detail until a judgment can be made. The process can be viewed as a "diary approach"; i.e., the results of environmental assessments are accumulated and each Higher Level Test builds upon the findings in the

previous testing level. As the process progresses, more intensive study

is given to fewer environmental subcomponents. [It should also be

recognized that the assessment process is as concerned with positive

or beneficial consequences of project actions as with potentially ad- verse impacts.]

Comparative Impacts of Alternative Development Actions : In an effort

to summarize the "specific-impact evaluation data" presented in this

Statement, a matrix was used which compared the impact of each of

the examined alternatives of each examined subcomponent impact; then

ratings (of A+, A, B, C, & C-) were assigned, based on criteria establish

in the HUD Interim Guide . The magnitudes of impact associated with each

of the rankings are as follows: A+, desirable; A, acceptable; B, question

able or uncertain; C, undesirable; C-, information indicates that the

project will violate a HUD standard or that of another Federal, state,

or local agency. [Note: for some subcomponents, no generally accepted

standards have been developed.]

The results of the comparative impact appears in Section VII of the

Final Environmental Impact Statement.

207
Integrated Waste Management Systems - Onsite MIUS Applications

AUTHOR(S): W.J. Boegly, Jr. & W.R. Mixon (ORNL) ; J.H. Rothenberg (HUD)

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 1977

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Authors

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S) : ORNL & HUD

PROCUREMENT SOURCE; ACCESSION NO.: [Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc.

P.O. Box 1425, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: "Proceedings of the Third National Conference,

Individual Onsite Wastewater Systems"; 1976; pages 221-234

TOTAL PAGES: 14 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 10 CLASS OF DOCUMENT : (PO)

ABSTRACT : ~~ ~~ ~

The paper states that a MIUS may provide potable water (for drinking,

bathing and cooking)from its onsite water treatment plant. The supply

source may be groundwater or a surface water supply. If groundwater is

used, the treatment may consist solely of disinfection, unless impurities

such as iron or "hardness" must be removed. In the case of surface

water sources such treatment may consist of coagulation, sedimentation,

filtration and disinfection. In general, integration with other MIUS

subsystems will be at a minimum if groundwater is used as the water

source and at a maximum if desalination technology is required. [A

number of manufacturers produce package plants which are capable of

being used in MIUS but in certain parts of the USA it may be necessary

to provide desalination to reduce dissolved solids; equipment for this,

in the size range required by MIUS, is currently available.]

Advantages of integrating the MIUS potable water subsystem, by including

onsite treatment facilities include:

a) No dependence on outside water sources; b) The need for obtaining

additional land for constructing costly transmission lines is eliminated;

c) The need for increased capacity at existing overloaded treatment

facilities is eliminated; d) Small MIUS size increases the possibility

of using groundwater sources which usually require only minimal treatment for potable use.

Several advantages of subsystem integration are common to all subsystems

or generally result from use of the MIUS concept. MIUS subsystems

may share operating personnel and land buildings and other site improvements that are associated with utility systems. A MIUS, using currently

available technology, can provide reliable service completely independent

of conventional utilities. Thus, utilities can be installed in phase

with requirements of developing communities and the need for off site

transmission of services is eliminated. Because many new utility

components are first proved with units small enough for direct application to MIUS, the potential to rapidly incorporate advanced technologies

in MIUS is considered at least equal to and perhaps better than in

conventional systems.

208
TITLE: Computer Program for Energy Analysis of Central Heating and

Cooling Plant

AUTHOR(S): W.C. Rochelle; et al

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 9/76

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Authors/Lockheed Electronics Co., Inc.

(Houston, Texas)

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S) : Lockheed Electronics Co., Inc.

PROCUREMENT SOURCE; ACCESSION NO. : [AIChE]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: 11th lECEC Proceedings; pp 1726-1732 (#769298)

TOTAL PAGES: 7 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 5 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (PQ)

ABSTRACT : ~ ~

This program was developed to predict the performance and savings in

energy and fuel at a central heating and cooling plant. The present

energy distribution system consists of 5 natural-gas fueled boilers and

7 steam, turbine-driven compression chillers. In order to reduce energy

consumption, replacement of several steam turbine-driven chillers by

electric motor-driven chillers was considered •, where electricity was either purchased or supplied by diesel-generators whose recovered heat

was used to input to absorption chillers. Also, shutdown of hot well

pumps, boiler feed pumps, and cooling tower fans and pumps was optionally

considered. Results showed energy cost savings of nearly $2000/day

using 2 electric chillers with purchased electricity and over $1500/

day using 2 diedel-generators in conjunction with absorption and electric chillers.

This paper describes a computer program designed to predict the performance of a central heating and cooling facility that is more conventional

than a MIUS facility. The energy distribution system at the facility

was modeled in the program and the performance (including boiler fuel

consumption, system thermal efficiency and energy cost) was evaluated.

Two major modifications to the present system were studied: Option 2 - replacement of 2 steam turbine driven chillers with 2 electric motor

driven chillers whose electricity was purchased from the local power

company and Option 3 - replacement of the chillers with 2 dieselgenerators, each driving an absorption and a compression electric

chiller. Results showed about a 35% savings in boiler fuel, 24% in

total energy, 17% in energy cost for Option 2; and 37% in boiler fuel,

29% in total energy and 14% in Energy cost for Option 3.

209
TITLE: Evaluation of the Refuse Management Systems of the Operation

Breakthrough Sites

AUTHOR ( S ) : J . P . Overman

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 4/76

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Hittman Associates, Inc. (Columbia, Md.)

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S) : Municipal Environmental Research Center,

Office of Research and Monitoring (EPA)

PROCUREMENT SOURCE; ACCESSION NO.: [NTIS; PB 260-495]; [GPO; 1977,

231-206/6191]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: HUD-PDR-199-2 (3/77); HUD Utilities Demonstration

Series Volume 2; Contract No. 68-03-0094

TOTAL PAGES: 165 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 9 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (P)

ABSTRACT

One of the provisions of HUD ' s (Office of Policy Development and Research)

"Operation Breakthrough" (O.B.) is to evaluate refuse management systems

so as to determine their economic and technical practicality for application to future projects. The nine sites examined are: Indianapolis,

Kalamazoo, Macon, Memphis, St. Louis, Seattle, Sacramento, King County, WA,

and Jersey City. The evaluations show that the methods employed at the

Macon, Memphis, Sacramento and King County sites are the most economical

and effective. The "conventional" systems consist of central containers

at Macon, Memphis and Seattle and (primarily) curbside collection at

King County. The Indianapolis site uses storage pens which results

in low costs but also results in odors, insects and refuse scattering.

The central or communal compactors at Kalamazoo are not effective or economical because of improper utilization by residents. The St. Louis

system needs much modification because it is extremely costly and very

ineffective. The Jersey City site utilizes a rather different system,

namely Pneumatic Trash Collection, and a separate report has been prepared to assess the technical and economic performance of the system.

In addition, a refuse system "user-acceptance" survey was conducted at

each site and the results are documented in separate reports for each

site, along with an executive summary.

The specific purpose of this Report is to present the results of evaluations of general data gathered during short visits to each site. In

addition, results are presented for a four-week study of the curbside

pickup of plastic bags versus standard garbage cans at the King County,

Washington site. [The overall objective of the sponsor of this study

was to evaluate the economics, effectiveness and feasibility of using

improved solid waste collection systems in new communities. The

results will be used to guide the development of larger-scale projects.

Recommendations for refuse management systems in future projects are based on the results of this Study. It is also recommended that the

St. Louis site be studied and modified to reduce costs, increase system

effectiveness and efficiency and to reduce environmental problems.

210
TITLE: Solar Energy Evaluation for Modular Integrated Utility Systems

AUTHOR(S): N.R. Hunley

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 2/73

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Author /ORNL

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S)

REFERENCE SOURCE & ACCESSION NO.: [ORNL]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: ORNL-HUD-MIUS-13 ; HUD Interagency Agreement No.

IAA-H-40-72

TOTAL PAGES: 38 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 44 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (OF)

ABSTRACT : ' ' ~~ ^—

The purposes of this paper are to:

1) briefly review what had been done to develop various applications of

solar energy;

2) present an evaluation of those developments that have possible use

in a residential MIUS and;

3) give an economic outlook for any possible MIUS uses.

The technical areas considered were: water and space heating/space cooling; refrigeration; distillation; solar engines; photochemistry; photovoltaic conversion; and thermoelectric and thermo ionic conversion.

Solar water heating is given most attention, along with an economic

basis for determining the feasibility of its use. Environmental impacts are briefly discussed.

211
Fuel Cell Technology Evaluation for MIUS Program

AUTHOR (S): i.t. Dudley

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 1/73

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Author/ORNL

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S )

REFERENCE SOUBCE & ACCESSION NO.: [ORNL]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: ORNL-HUD-MIUS-12 ; HUD Interagency Agreement No.

IAA-H-40-72

TOTAL PAGES: 15 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: H CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (OF)

ABSTRACT : ~ ' ~~~

This report directs its attention to the concept of supplying residential

and coiranercial buildings with electrical power from fuel cells because

of such cell's potential for highly efficient fossil fuel utilization,

with minimal adverse effects on the environment.

The main reaction products of fuel cells - at least those using conventional fuels and air - are carbon dioxide and water. Minor amounts of

fossil pollutants (such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons

and particulates) are also produced but these are negligible, in quantity,

in comparison to those encountered in conventional power plants burning

fossil fuels.

Fuel cell operation is duscussed (in a general way) and some typical

fuel cells are listed by: operating temperature classifications; electrolytes; catalysts; oxidants; and fuels.

An evaluation of the possibilities of utilizing small, fuel cell, power

plants for MIUS is included. It is concluded that although fuel cells

have been developed and successfully used in spacecraft and other military applications, their physical characteristics and costs are as yet

unsuited for "near-term" MIUS installations.

212
5. HARDWARE EVALUATION

AND

DEMONSTRATION REPORTS

213
TITLE: Performance of the Engine-Generator (s) Used in the Jersey City

Total Energy Plant

AUTHOR(S): J.B. Coble; et al

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 10/76

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Authors/NBS

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S)

PROCUREMENT SOURCE j ACCESSION NO.: [NTIS; PB 264-427]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: NBSIR 77-1207; HUD Utilities Demonstration Series

Volume Eleven (3/77)

TOTAL PAGES: 21 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 1 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (P)

ABSTRACT

Each of five (600-kilowatt rated) diesel engine-generators, due to be

installed in a total energy plant for an apartment complex in Jersey

City, N.J., was performance tested under NBS direction at the enginegenerator vendor's plant. These tests were for acceptance of the units

and also provided a basis for comparison with installed performance.

The engines were tested at 7 power levels, ranging from "no load" to

660 kilowatts. During the tests, fuel consumption, electrical output

and jacket-water heat recovery were measured along with many other

parameters. Results are reported for fuel consumption, electrical

efficiency and electrical-plus-thermal efficiency; comparisons are

also made with measured data from the total energy plant.

The test results indicated that the 5 units have very similar efficiencies,

since the standard deviation among their values was only 0.9%. Over the

40% to 80% load range (which comprises the major part of their operating

duty) average electrical efficiency ranged from 29.9 to 31.6% and the

electrical-plus-thermal efficiency ranged from 54.8 to 55.3% (exhaust

heat not recovered)

.

After 10,000 to 15,000 hours of engine running time, preliminary measured

data results indicated that the engine-generator gross electrical effi-^

ciency averaged 32.4% during a period of 60% load on 3 engines. Electrical-plus-thermal efficiency, including exhaust recovery and idle engine

losses, averaged 61.4% during the same period.

214
TITLE: Performance Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Using Low- and

Medium-Energy Gases as a Fuel Supplement (Fumigation)

AUTHOR(S): L.G. Monford

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 10/76

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Author /NASA-JSC

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S)

PROCUREMENT SOURCE; ACCESSION NO.: [NTIS; N77-1A955]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: JSC-11404; NASA TM X-58188

TOTAL PAGES: 23 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 5 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (p)

ABSTRACT

In various MIUS studies, solid-waste incineration has been utilized to recover energy in the form of heat from the refuse. This energy is used

to supplement space-conditioning requirements. Burn times may be adjusted

to coincide with peak demand periods, with limited refuse storage capability. During off-seasons, little additional heat is needed; therefore,

the energy-related benefits of incineration are minimal and approximately

50% of the recovered trash energy is utilized.

Of the existing techniques for extracting energy from refuse, pyrolysis

appears promising for energy-related benefits because of the possibility

of using the gases produced in this type of process as an alternate

fuel in internal-combustion engines. [In the solid-waste pyrolysis process, fuel gas is produced by thermal decomposition of refuse in the

absence of oxygen.] A test program was conducted to determine the

feasibility of low- and medium-energy gas injection (fumigation) in the

air intake of a diesel engine. Such an approach enables close coupling

of systems and thus eliminates the need for gas heat-value upgrading,

or compression. Three different premixed gases were investigated, (two

derived from pyrolysis and one from an anaerobic digester) simulating

those that could be derived from refuse. The amount of each gas required

to reduce diesel-fuel consumption by 5, 10, 15 and 20% was determined

at each of four engine load points. These tests have shol^m that, without major modification, many existing engines can very efficiently

utilize low-energy gas generated from solid waste for as much as 20%

of normal fuel consumption. Combustion pressures were recorded during the

testing but no detrimental effects on the engine were observed.

215
TITLE: Water Monitor System: Phase I Test Report

AUTHOR(S): R.E. Taylor; E.L. Jeffers

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 10/76

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Authors/NASA-JSC

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S )

PROCUREMENT SOURCEj ACCESSION NO.: [NTIS; N77-13909]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: JSC-11020; NASA TM X-58179

TOTAL PAGES: 122 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 12 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (P)

ABSTRACT

The MIST laboratory is used for experimentation with advanced waterand waste-treatment technologies. NASA support of this integration

and test program, together with other JSC studies, resulted in a project

to develop an automatic water-quality monitoring/control system to en- sure the safety and quality of treated wastewater.

The objective of this water monitor program is to develop a system

(which includes the necessary sensors, sample collection and data ac- quisition and displays) to monitor in "real time" the effluent discharge

from water treatment plants and to provide the data that determine the

water quality. The primary objective is the demonstration - and the

technology transfer to the community - of a water monitor system capable

of providing a total water-quality picture including rapid microorganism detection, using NASA-developed sensor technology. This technology was demonstrated within the framework of a multiparameter (automated)

real-time monitoring system that included conventional and advanced

inorganic/organic systems.

Phase I of the NASA water monitor system project was concluded in

Feb. 1975, with the completion of the test program on a "breadboard"

configuration as described in this report. The primary overall objectives achieved during Phase I are as follows: (1) Refurbishment and

augmentation of the Langley Research Center water quality monitoring

system for use as a community wastewater treatment facility and water

quality monitoring system; (2) Conceptualization and the initial design/

development /fabrication of an advanced data acquisition system utilizing inexpensive cassette-type magnetic tape; (3) Assembly and initial

demonstration of an integrated package capable of collecting the

samples, sensing the respective water parameters and displaying and

recording the data to provide a total water quality picture in real

time; (4) Demonstration of the Phase I system approach, in an NASA

wastewater treatment pilot facility, preparatory to design/fabrication

of the Phase II field-demonstration water monitor system; (5) Application and evaluation of on-line, organic monitoring in a wastewater

treatment facility environment; (6) Initial application and evaluation

of on-line (near) real-time biological monitoring in a wastewater

treatment facility environment. 2I6
TITLE: Environmental Assessment of Air Quality, Noise and Cooling Tower

Drift from the Jersey City Total Energy Demonstration

AUTHOR(S): W.T. Davis (Consultant, University of Tenn. at Knoxville)

;

J.O. Kolb (ORNL)

DATE OF ISSUANCE: July 1980

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Authors /ORNL (as "Contractor" to NBS)

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S) : NBS

PROCUREMENT SOURCE; ACCESSION NO.: Contact NBS (Refer to NBSGCR 80-252)

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: NBSGCR 80-252 ; NBS Purchase Order # 804523

ORNL/HUD/MIUS-52 (for internal ORNL use); HUD

Utility Demonstration Series Volume Seventeen

TOTAL PAGES: 150 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 8 CLASS OF DOCUMENTS: (P)

ABSTRACT: This study was performed by ORNL for the C enter for Building

Technology of the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) , the technical

manager of the Utilities Demonstration Program of the Department of

Housing and Urban Development (HUD). Under this program, HUD ' s Office

of Policy Development and Research sponsored the construction and instrumentation of a T.E. plant at the "Operation Breakthrough" site at

Summit Plaza in Jersey City, N.J. The purpose of the Demonstration was

to provide in-depth operational information on a T.E. plant located in

the residential sector. NBS began evaluating the engineering performance and economic costs of operating the Jersey City Demonstration in

November 197 5.

This Demonstration provided the opportunity to evaluate the dominant

environmental effects resulting from "on-site" electric and thermal

energy generation for 485 apartments (and an associated commercialcenter and school) in the heavily developed urban area of Jersey City,

N.J. This assessment covers specific effects from the operation of the

T.E. plant namely: (1) air quality resulting from combustion emissions

of the 600kW diesel engines and auxiliary boilers fueled with No. 2 distillate oil; (2) noise levels from the operation of the T.E. equipment; (3) cooling-tower drift from two (2,220 gpm) forced-draft cooling

towers

.

For the ain quality study, measurements determined the combustion

emission rates and (ground-level) air quality at the demonstration site.

Stack analysis of NO^, SO^ , CO, particulates and total hydrocarbons were

used to characterize emisssion rates over a range of operating conditions.

Air quality was monitored for two 6-week periods, during the summer and

winter of 1977. The hourly pollutant concentrations, from "background"

and T.E. plant operation, were determined with four stationary samplerunits which were located 65-70 m from the exhaust stacks of the Central

Equipment Building (CEB) . Additionally, plume dispersion behavior was studied by using smoke-plume observations and one-hour, horizontalconcentration profile measurements. Wind direction and speed were

217
continuously measured at the stack exit so as to provide local micrometeorological data.

The noise study was performed by measuring sound levels, in dB(A)

,

within an area extending to about 60 m from the CEB. The noise survey

investigated the effects on noise distribution of different wind conditions and the time of day or night and whether doors were open or closed

near the diesel engines in the CEB.

In the cooling tower study, drift emission characteristics were measured

to quantify the drift emission before and after cleaning of the tower

interiors for the purpose of reducing fallout of large drift-droplets in

the vicinity of the CEB.

The air quality study found NO to be the only combustion product

detectable at ground level and identified the diesel engines as the

major source of the NO . Presence of buildings taller than the exhaust

stacks created a downwash of the exhaust plumes, in varying degrees,

from local wind speeds above about 1.5 m/sec (3 mph) . During the 6-week

monitoring periods the average NO concentration was up to 0.05 ppm, at

a distance of 65 m from the CEB: iackground NO concentrations were 0.04

to 0.08 ppm. The highest one-hour NO concentrations projected from

observed values are less than the one-hour significant "harm level", of

2 ppm, for NO2 ; therefore, no adverse human health effects are expected

from the observed NO concentration levels.

X

The noise study identified the diesel engines as the major continuous

noise source external to the CEB, with the engine exhaust-dilution fan

being the next highest source. Under normal conditions, the maximum

noise level is approximately 75 dB(A) close to the CEB; the noise level

drops to 65 dB(A) - the daytime limit of the local noise ordinance for

residential areas - within approximately 23 m (75 ft) of the CEB. The

nighttime noise level limit of 50 dB(A) is exceeded in the Summit Plaza area from "background" noise sources alone but the T.E. demonstration

area noise source does not constitute a violation of the local noise

ordinance since the construction of the demonstration pre-dates the 1978

ordinance.

From the cooling tower study, the major environmental impact was found

to be the nuisance effect from drift deposition resulting from dirt and

debris accumulation in the tower distribution headers. However, this

drift loss can be reduced to an acceptable percentage of the tower water

flow rate by proper maintenance procedures. Chemical and/or biological

damage from deposition of the cooling tower drift is minimized by using

a (relatively) non-toxic treatment chemical for the tower water.

218
TITLE: The Summit Plaza Total Energy Demonstration - Four Years of

Operating Experience

AUTHOR(S) : J.D. Ryan

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 10/79

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Author /NBS

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S)

PROCUREMENT SOURCE; ACCESSION NO.: [Miller Freeman Publications;

San Francisco, CA 94105]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: Second International Total Energy ConferencePart 1 Papers, pages 4.39-4.55; Copenhagen, Denmark, Oct. 8-12, 1979

TOTAL PAGES: 17 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 12 CLASS OF DOCUMENTS: (PO)

ABSTRACT: This Paper summarizes the measured data and test results of

hud's T.E. demonstration project at the Summit Plaza complex in Jersey

City, N.J. The demonstration site is a privately-owned, self-contained

utilities plant serving the electrical, space heating/cooling and domestic

hot-water needs of 486 dwelling units and their associated commercial

areas plus a school and swimming pool. Operation of the plant began in

January, 1974. The National Bureau of Standards monitored and collected

data on the plant from start-up through October, 1978. This paper

covers data for the following areas: plant component performance;

electrical service reliability; economics; environmental impact.

Data is included covering: the operating thermal performance of plant

components, including the diesel engine-generators; heat recovery;

boilers; chillers; district heating system; etc. Areas are discussed

where improved thermal performance can be obtained. Also presented are electrical service reliability data, in the form of customer service

interruptions and outage causes; plant reliability is also compared with

the somewhat limited data that is available for the local and national

average reliability levels for utilities. Economic data is provided for

initial capital costs and operation/maintenance costs. [Unit costs, for

the energy commodities delivered to the site, are also calculated.]

Environmental results Include stack emission, ground-level air quality

and noise levels. Data on engine and boiler stack emissions cover NO , SO2, CO, HC and particulates. Ground-level air quality is evaluated for

NO2 in relation to U.S. Federal Air Quality Standards and the incremental

contribution of the TE plant. Noise data is assessed in terms of both

the impact on residential buildings in certain areas of the site and on compliance with local noise ordinances.

219
TITLE: Description of the Data Acquisition and Instrumentation Systems:

Jersey City Total Energy Project

AUTHOR(S): C. Bulik; et al

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 3/79

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Authors/NBS

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION(S):

PROCUREMENT SOURCE; ACCESSION NO.: [NTIS; PB 294-926]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: NBSIR 79-1709; HUD Utilities Demonstration

Series Volume 9; Project 4626382

TOTAL PAGES: 158 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 7 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (P)

ABSTRACT:

Under HUD sponsorship, NBS gathered engineering data on an operating,

diesel-powered , Total Energy (T.E.) plant; the plant supplies all the

electrical power, hot water and chilled water to a 485 unit apartment/

commercial building complex in Jersey City, N.J. Engineering data was continuously collected from April 1975 to December 1978, by means of a data acquisition system (DAS) which recorded the outputs from over 200 sensors located in the power plant and in the various site buildings.

The site was instrumented with 223 transducers, measuring and converting

physical variables into electrical signals that were recorded on magnetic

tape by the DAS. Data was recorded every five minutes, 24 hours a day,

utilizing a scan of all 223 instruments in 30 seconds. The data tape

reel was removed from the site periodically (about every week) and returned

to NBS where it was processed on a mini-computer to produce information

on the site's operation, efficiency and reliability. The rationale for

a five minute sampling interval and a 30 second scanning speed is discussed in detail.

The Report describes the design and operation of the instrumentation

and data acquisition systems used to monitor the T.E. plant and certain

utility services to the site buildings. It also contains a description

of the types, characteristics and locations of instruments used to

measure the various physical variables. The capabilities and operational

modes of the DAS are discussed and the major DAS components are described

in detail. The report also contains a brief description of the entire

site as well as instrument costs, data processing procedures and (some

of) the instrumentation problems that were encountered and solved.

220
TITLE: Heat Transfer Performance of an Air-Cooled Tube in a FluidizedBed Furnace

AUTHOR(S): R.S. Holcomb

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 2/79

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Author/ORNL

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S)

PROCUREMENT SOURCE; ACCESSION NO.: [GPO; 1979-748-189/406]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: ORJ^L/HUD/MIUS-49 ; Contract No. W-7405-eng-26

;

HUD Interagency Agreement No. IAA-H-40-72 ERDA 40-333-72

TOTAL PAGES: 22 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 7 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (?)

ABSTRACT:

An ORNL program, for developing a coal-fueled MIUS, is being jointly

sponsored by HUD's Office of Policy Development and Research and DoE.

This (Phase II) report presents the results of certain heat transfer

tests needed in the development of such a MIUS.

Heat transfer tests were conducted with an air-cooled tube in a coalfueled, f luidized-bed furnace. An 0.5-in. tube was used and the tests

were run in an 18 x 18 in. furnace, operating at atmospheric pressure

and 1650°F. Results were obtained for an air flow, inside the tube,

of 23 Ib/hr and a mean bed particle size of 460 microns, at fluidizing

velocities of 0.8 to 2.2 fps. The heat transfer coefficient from the

bed to the tube wall increases from 40 Btu/hr-sq. ft.-°F, at a fluidizing

velocity of 0.76 fps, to a value of ^^85 Btu/hr-sq. ft.-°F at a velocity of

1.6 fps; at higher velocities, the heat transfer coefficient is con- stant at the higher of these two values.

The following conclusions have been reached, on the basis of the heat

transfer test results:

1) The assumed values of the heat transfer coefficient, for the design

of the ORNL furnace, were considerably lower than those found in the tests

and therefore the design is conservative; thus, the bed can operate at

a lower temperature than the original design temperature.

2) The correlation in the literature for predicting the heat transfer

parameter, (Nu/Ar)0'22^ yields a value that is ^^25% lower than was observed in testing.

The f luidized-bed type of furnace was selected because it has the

capability of burning 1 to 5% sulfur coal in a bed of limestone (that

is fluidized by the combustion air) and at the same time reducing the

sulfur dioxide emissions to the same level as that for "low-sulfur"

coal in a conventional furnace. [The sulfur in the coal combines with

the calcium in the limestone and the spent limestone is removed with the

ash. The limestone feed rate would be "^1/3 by weight of the coal feed

rate when burning high-sulfur coal.]

221
TITLE: A Review of Information Relevant to Tube Corrosion in a GasCooled, Coal-Fired, Atmospheric-Pressure, Fluidized-Bed Furnace

AUTHOR(S): M.E. Whatley

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 11/78

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Author /ORJSIL

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S )

PROCUREMENT SOURCE5 ACCESSION NO.: [GPO; 1978-748-189/301]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: ORNL/HUD/MIUS-44 ; Contract No. W-7405-eng-26

;

Hud Interagency Agreement No. IAA-H-40-72 ERDA 40-333-72

TOTAL PAGES: 35 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 16 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (P)

ABSTRACT:

An ORNL program for developing a coal-fueled MIUS is being jointly sponsored by HUD's Office of Policy Development and Research and ERDA's

Fossil Energy Branch. This publication is one of a series developed

under the HUD-MIUS Program to further a particular aspect of the program

goals; it is one of several topical reports covering the various aspects

of the conceptual design of a coal-fueled MIUS system. This particular

report is a review of information relevant to tube corrosion in a gascooled, coal-fired, f luidized-bed furnace.

The f luidized-bed combustion unit being developed for the coal-fired

MIUS will energize a gas turbine in a Bray ton cycle; the unit is characterized by a large surface area, operating at a high metal temperature

and at low heat fluxes. For the generation of about 350 kW(e) , 510 sq.

ft. of metal surface (in the form of 560, 1/2-in., tubes) will be in

contact with the bed and will operate at about 1550°F. The tube wall

thickness will be about 70 mils and the tubes must be sufficiently

strong to withstand the normal body forces from the fluidized bed.

It is desirable for the tubes to survive at least ten years of operation, which requires penetration rates of not more than 3-5 mils/year.

A large and diverse amount of material was reviewed in a quest for

definitive information relevant to tube corrosion, in hopes for guidance

in selecting an optimum material. [For the most part this quest was unsuccessful, in that no basis for an optimum selection was developed.]

A review was made of: conventional coal-fired, power plant boilers;

turbine bucket corrosion; corrosion work, directed toward materials

selection for coal gasification; and the information available from

experience in the operation of other coal-fired, f luidized-bed combustors.

In each case it was found that important differences between the intended

application and the conditions under which the corrosion data were

accumulated, make dubious the direct application of such data. Through

the rationale of qualitatively analyzing the most probable mechanism

for corrosion in the developing system, it was reasonably concluded

that the specified attack rates will not be exceeded for several practical

materials; Incoloy 800 was selected for the ORNL demonstration unit.

222
TITLE: Preliminary Design Technical Report: MIUS Demonstration Project

St. Charles, Md. [Volume 1 (of 2); Books 1 and 2]

AUTHOR (S)

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 9/78

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Interstate Land Development Co., Inc.

(St. Charles, Md.)

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S) : HUD (Office of Policy Development and

Research)

PROCUREMENT SOURCE; ACCESSION NO.:

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: Book 1: HUD-PDR-373-1 (3/79); Book 2:

HUD-PDR-373 (5/79); HUD Grant No. H-2501-RG

TOTAL PAGES: 517 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 13 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (P)

ABSTRACT:

As a follow-on to earlier HUD efforts in the development of a MIUS,

a "grant" was awarded for a HUD/MIUS demonstration project at St.

Charles, Maryland; the recipient was Interstate Land Development Company, Inc. (ILD) , the developer of St. Charles Communities. One of the

primary objectives of this grant was the generation of the design (including cost projections) for a MIUS which would provide reliable,

energy-efficient utility services within a defined service area at St.

Charles. Another primary objective was to determine whether or not a developer could receive required approvals to build/operate a MIUS, and

if so, by what means.

The proposed St. Charles site has characteristics typical of high-density

settlement patterns in the U.S.A. The site will contain a commercial

center, surrounded by high-density residential housing. The center of

the site is the proposed location of the MIUS plant. The central plant

position was chosen primarily because of the necessity to distribute

heat to buildings over the shortest distances possible.

Solid waste will be collected and incinerated on schedules to correspond

to thermal load requirements. Most pick-up trips will be short because

of the central location of the plant on site.

Electric power generated in the plant will be sold wholesale (during

grid peaks) to the local electrical cooperative and at retail rates to

tenants in the mall, as a "passthrough" on rents.

Geographically, the site location is ideal for a demonstration since it

is an area where substantial energy use occurs in maintaining both winter and summer room comfort. Additionally, utility and fuel costs are near the median for the United States.

223
TITLE: Preliminary Design: Institutional Analysis Report for a HUD/MIUS

Demonstration Project (at) St. Charles, Md . [Volume 2 (of 2)]

AUTHOR (S)

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 9/78

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Interstate Land Development Co., Inc. (St.

Charles, Md.)

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S ) : HUD (Office of Policy Development and

Research)

PROCUREMENT SOURCE; ACCESSION NO. : [GPO; 1979, 629-555, 1-3]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: HUD-PDR-373-2 (7/79); HUD Grant No. H-2501-RG

TOTAL PAGES: 464 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 1 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (P)

ABSTRACT:

Interstate Land Development Company, Inc. (ILD) was the successful applicant for a "grant" to initiate a site-specific demonstration of the gener

MIUS concept originated by HUD. The grant award was made on April 1,

1976 after an exhaustive review of proposals by land developers from

throughout the U.S.A. While no demonstration occurred, a design and

economic justification evolved from the effort. Both were presented

in "Volume I, Preliminary Design Technical Report for a MIUS at St.

Charles". As a supplement to Volume I, (this) Volume II report lists

institutions identified by ILD which could impact a MIUS at a St. Charles

Maryland site.

The Report points out that the nature of the institutional impacts can be divided into three basic categories

1) Influence on design;

2) Effect on economics;

3) Authority to build and operate.

Since the St. Charles project never entered the construction phase, the

Report states that: "it will be necessary to speculate on some aspects

of institutional influence and resistance". Moreover, ILD's progress - up to the point of obtaining some permits to construct - provided sufficient contacts and negotiations to give insight into the extent to

which institutional factors could inspire MIUS proliferation or stiffle

the concept. This report thoroughly documents experiences in dealing

with authorities who could impact MIUS.

It is noted that a MIUS project would (in most cases) start at the local

government level. If the county authorities, for example, reject the

idea of controlled growth at a proposed location, the MIUS concept

will not be a positive influence. However, MIUS can help the developer

in areas where the chief objection to growth is the increased tax burden.

A MIUS plant could be presented in the context of a new "clean industry"

which would provide a substantial new tax base. If MIUS can also lower

the cost of utilities for a public school, the package would be all the

more desirable.

224
TITLE: Alternate Operating Conditions and Systems for the Coal-Fired

Modular Integrated Utility System

AUTHOR(S): G. Samuels; W.M. Wells

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 2/78

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Authors/ORNL (DoE ~ Fossil Energy Div. of Coal

Conversion and Utilization)

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION ( S)

PROCUREMENT SOURCE^ ACCESSION NO.: [GPO; 1978-748-189/378]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: ORNL/HUD/MIUS-46 ; Contract No. W-7405-eng-26 ; HUD

Interagency Agreement No. IAA-H-40-72 ERDA 40-333-72; ERDA Contract

No. E(49-18)-1742

TOTAL PAGES: 51 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 24 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (P)

ABSTRACT: ~~ ' ~~

This paper analyzes the effects of varying the operating conditions,

of a coal-fired closed-cycle gas turbine MIUS system, on the efficiency

and cost of the plant. The merits of using an organic Rankine system

for this application, either as a single cycle or in combination with

the gas turbine system, is also evaluated.

It was found that the electrical efficiency and overall fuel utilization,

of the reference gas turbine plants are severely degraded by reducing

the turbine inlet temperature. The electrical efficiency of the system

is about 25% for a turbine inlet temperature of 1500°F and is reduced

about two points for each 100°F reduction in temperature, with little

change in the cost of the plant over a temperature range from 1500 to

1200°F. Reducing the turbine inlet temperature will require that the

size of some components of the system be increased to maintain a given plant power output. However, the increased cost of these components is offset by cost reductions that can be realized by the use of

less-expensive materials and from the use of a smaller furnace which

is made feasible by the larger temperature difference between the

furnace and the air in the working cycle.

A single-cycle organic Rankine system is not well suited for this

application and would, at best, be very marginal. The addition of an organic Rankine secondary cycle to the gas turbine system offers the

potential for significant improvements in both efficiency and cost over that of the reference gas turbine plant. Such a secondary system could

add about 33% to the electrical output of the plant for an increased

capital cost of only about 5%.

225
TITLE: Reliability Considerations for a Coal-Fired Modular Integrated Utility System

AUTHOR(S): G. Samuels

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 2/78

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Author/ORNL (DoE-Fossil Energy Div. of Coal

Conversion and Utilization)

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S )

PROCUREMENT SOURCE; ACCESSION NO. : [GPO; 1978-748-189/380]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: ORNL/HUD/MIUS-45 ; Contract No. W-7405-eng-26

;

HUD Interagency Agreement No. IAA-H-40-72 ERDA 40-333-72; ERDA

Contract No. E (49-18) -1742

TOTAL PAGES: 43 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 7 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (P)

ABSTRACT: ~ ~ ~

This paper provides a statistical analysis to estimate the availability

and power outage rates for a coal-fired MIUS composed of 4 to 6 parallel

power modules, in which there are two modules in excess of those required

to meet the system's critical load. The analysis includes estimates of

the mean time between failure (MTBF) and the mean time to repair (MTTR)

for the various subsystems and the effects of several methods of

operation on the outage rate. Assuming an operating procedure in which

excess capacity when available in "on-line", the total plant downtime

for a 4 to 6 module plant is estimated to be in the range of 5 to 10

hours per year; this range of values would be expected only after a shakedown to "debug" the system and an extended operating period to

establish preventive maintenance procedures. [It should be emphasized

that the excess capacity requirements are based on a critical plant

load and not on the peak load.]

The overall availability of a MIUS plant will depend on the availability

of the individual modules, the redundancy provided and the method of

operation. Compared to representative gas- or oil-fired total-energy

systems, the coal-fired MIUS will probably have a lower MTBF and a longer MTTR and, consequently, a lower availability. The use of coal

increases the complexity and failure modes for the plant and thus one would normally expect a greater module failure rate. The MTTR com- ponents in a coal system may not be greater than those for a gas- or oil-fired system but the longer time required to bring the module

back on line should be considered part of the repair time and will thus

increase the MTTR. Although the overall availability is probably some- what less than that of a conventional system, the total plant downtime

(with proper operating procedures) should be reasonable and acceptable.

226
TITLE: Initial Simulation and Control System Studies of the MIUS

Coal-Fired Turbine Experiment

AUTHOR(S): s.J. Ball

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 2/78

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Author /ORNL (DoE-Fossil Energy Div. of Coal

Conversion and Utilization)

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION ( S)

PROCUREMENT SOURCE; ACCESSION NO . : [GPO; 1977-748-189/374]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: ORNL/HUD/MIUS-25 ; Contract No. W-7405-eng-26

TOTAL PAGES: 55 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 5 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (y)

ABSTRACT:

The f luidized-bed coal-fired gas turbine (CFGT) experiment is part of

the MIUS program, which is jointly sponsored by HUD and ERDA (now DoE)

.

The dynamic characteristics of the CFGT experiment are being investigated to determine the specific control system designs required to

satisfy varying electrical and waste heat demands and, at the same

time, to keep the temperatures and stresses of plant components within

acceptable limits. The simulations indicate that the present control

system design is capable of satisfactorily handling expected load transients .

Mathematical models of a proposed CFGT plant were developed to simulate

each of the major plant components and the entire system of equations was solved using the CSMP (Continuous System Modeling Program) language.

The purpose of this work was to investigate the inherent response

characteristics of the plant and to assist in the design of the control

and instrumentation systems. The objectives of the CFGT control system

are to first satisfy the electrical demand and keep the f luidized-bed

temperature within limits, second to satisfy the space and water-heating

load requirements and third, to ensure that each plant component stays

within acceptable operating limits.

A CSMP simulation is considered flexible and easy to modify, enabling

the user to test various control schemes and to observe the sensitivity

of the predicted response to changes in model assumptions, design

features or other important factors. In the next phase of the simulation

development, ORNL will incorporate more detailed plant component design

data into the models and develop a scheme for handling changing demands

in the heating loads, while still giving first priority to electrical

demand

.

227
TITLE: Monitoring of Combustion Emissions and Air Quality at Jersey

City Total Energy Demonstration

AUTHOR(S): J.O. Kolb (ORNL) ; W.T. Davis (Univ. of Tenn.)

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 1/78

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Authors

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S) : ORNL & University of Tennessee

PROCUREMENT SOURCE; ACCESSION NO.: [Information Transfer, Inc.; Suite

202, 1160 Rockville Pike; Rockville, Md. 20852]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: "Proceedings of the 2nd National Conference and

Exhibition on Technology of Energy Conservation"; Albuquerque,

New Mexico; Jan. 24-27, 1978, pages 350-359

TOTAL PAGES: 10 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 1 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (PO)

ABSTRACT

The Jersey City, N.J. Total Energy (T.E.) demonstration provided the

opportunity to determine the air quality effects from on-site electric

and thermal energy generation for approximately 500 apartments in a heavily developed urban atmosphere. [This demonstration is a part of

the MIUS program for providing all or several of the utility services

for a community.] Part of the evaluation of this T.E. demonstration

is a study of the combustion emissions and air quality effects from

operation of five (600kW) diesel engine generators and two auxiliary

boilers, fueled with No. 2 distillate oil. This paper presents the

methodology, results and conclusions of a six weeks study conducted

in the summer season of 1977 by ORNL and the University of Tennessee

Environmental Engineering Department. The summer monitoring effort is

the initial phase of a larger study in which monitoring will be con- ducted during the fall /winter season of 1977.

The scope of this study was to measure and characterize .the combustion

emissions from the T.E. plant operation, determine the general behavior

of plume dispersion from the plant and to determine the effect of the

plant combustion emissions on local air quality. Background information

of the loads carried by the diesel engines and auxiliary boilers in the

plant (coupled with general emission characteristics) indicated that

the diesel engines would be the dominant source of combustion emissions.

Therefore, the major effort in emission measurement was applied to the

diesel engine exhausts.

Measurements were performed to determine both the combustion emissions

and ground-level air quality at the T.E. demonstration site. Stack

analyses of NO^, SO2, CO and hydrocarbons were depended upon to characterize emissions over a range of operating conditions. Continuous wind

direction and speed was also measured at the stack exit to provide

local micro-meteorology. In this paper, the magnitude of the total

energy plant combustion emission concentrations, (monitored out to

"^350 ft. from the plant) are presented relative to the general air

quality of Jersey City.

228
TITLE: Design and Performance Testing of a Coal Feed and Metering

System for the MIUS Fluidized-Bed Combustor

AUTHOR (S): M.E. Lackey

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 12/77

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Author/ORNL

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S)

PROCUREMENT SOURCE; ACCESSION NO.:

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: ORNL/HUD/MIUS-47 ; ERDA Contract No. E (49-18)-

1742; HUD Interagency Agreement No. IAA-H-40-72 ERDA 40-333-72

TOTAL PAGES: 72 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 7 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (P)

ABSTRACT:

Hundreds of "small" total energy (I.E.) systems employing diesel or gas

engines have been found to be economically attractive. When shortages

of gas and fuel oil began to develop in 1972, HUD asked ORNL to investigate the possibility of developing a small I.E. system that would operate

with coal as the fuel. The investigation's preliminary evaluation en- tailed a comprehensive review of a wide variety of ways of employing

coal in such systems for HUD applications. This study indicated that

the most promising arrangement was obtained by coupling a closed-cycle

gas turbine to a f luidized-bed coal combustion system.

In support of the MIUS Program, a full-scale coal feed and metering

system was designed and experimentally evaluated under various conditions

associated with the operation of a coal-fired, f luidized-bed combustor.

The system employs a rotary air-lock feeder for primary metering and

3 riffles to subdivide the coal flow into 4 streams, each of which is

pneumatically transported to a separate quadrant of the f luidized-bed

combustor. This feeder metered the total coal flow rate with a reproducibility greater than 99%. The riffles subdivided the coal flow to

give an average distribution of the flow among the four lines of +3-5%

over a flow range of from 40 to 275 kg/hr corresponding to 0.2 to

1.36 of the design flow range of 200 kg/hr.

The system exhibits a decrease in the total coal feed rate of approximately 10% during the refilling of the rotary air-lock feeder supply

tank. This decrease can be compensated by an increase in the rotary

air-lock feeder speed of approximately 10% during refilling, followed by

a return to normal speed after the filling operation has been completed.

During the course of the approximately 100 experimental runs made during

this study, a total running time of over 1400 hours has been accumulated

with no difficulties being experienced with either the operation of the

rotary air-lock feeder or the pneumatic transport system used for

feeding to the simulated f luidized-bed combustor.

229
TITLE: Fluidized Bed Gas Turbine Experimental Unit for MIUS

Applications

AUTHOR(S): A. P. Fraas

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 12/77

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Author/ORNL

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S )

PROCUREMENT SOURCE; ACCESSION NO . : [GPO; 1977-748-189/320]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: ORNL/HUD/MIUS-34 (Quarterly progress report for

1/1/76 thru 3/31/76); ERDA Contract No. E (49-18) -1742 ; HUD

Interagency Agreement No. IAA-H-40-72 ERDA 40-333-72

TOTAL PAGES: 32 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 7 CLASS OF DOCUMENT:

ABSTRACT:

A program for developing a coal-fueled MIUS at ORNL is jointly sponsored

by HUD and ERDA (now DoE) . Phase I of this program is entitled "Concept

Preliminary Evaluation" and deals with the various ways coal (and coalderived) fuels might be employed in a MIUS system. Phase II deals with

the development of a firm conceptual design and cost estimate for the

construction of a system for test and evaluation.

Prime priority was given to the preparation of bid packages for procurement of long lead-time items. Bids were requested on the longest lead

time item, the "Incoloy 800"tubing, and the order was placed. Discussions

with four boiler manufacturers have indicated that they are interested

in bidding on the furnace; a bid package for the furnace has been prepared and will be sent out when funds are available.

The AiResearch study under subcontract strongly favors "closed cycle" vs "open cycle" operation in a MIUS system and indicated that their

existing model 831-200 engine can be modified for use in a closed

cycle system, the main change required being in the shaft oil seal.

Coal dispersion rates were measured in the 4 foot square cold-flow

test facility. The coal dispersion rate was poor for incipient f luidization of the bed but was satisfactory at the minimum design air flow

rate and was still better at higher air flows.

Bench tests of the coal metering and feed equipment indicate that the

vibratory feed system can be adjusted to give good division of the coal

feed into 4 nearly equal streams, at any given coal feed rate, but wide

variations in the flow rates develop as the coal feed rate is changed.

The flow divider device, on the other hand, splits the coal feed into

4 streams with a flow rate for each which is within less than +5% of the

mean for the entire coal flow rate of interest; further, this excellent

performance is repeatable day after day.

230
TITLE: Atmospheric Fluidized Bed Combustion Technology Test Unit for

Industrial Cogeneration Plants

AUTHOR(S): A. P. Fraas ; R.S. Holcomb

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 12/77

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Authors

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S) : ORNL

PROCUREMENT SOURCE; ACCESSION NO.: [NTIS; Conf-771219-1 ] & [The Mitre

Corporation; 1820 Dolley Madison Blvd., McLean, VA. 22101]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: "Proceedings of the 5th International Conference

on Fluidized Bed Combustion"; Washington, D.C., Dec. 12-14, 1977;

Vol. 3, pages 55-71

TOTAL PAGES: 17 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 6 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (PO)

ABSTRACT

Fluidized bed combustion represents a very promising memoa lor using a wide range of coals (to replace oil and natural gas as fuels for industrial plants) within acceptable emission standards. The total quantity

of coal that will have to be burned to produce process heat and electricity for industry can be substantially reduced if coal-fired cogeneration

systems are employed in industrial plants to provide both electricity and

process heat. The gas turbine is very well suited for such cogeneration

systems since it has a higher ratio of electric power output to exhaust

heat load and also has a higher exhaust gas temperature availability.

A fluidized bed coal combustor, heating air to a high temperature inside

tubes immersed in the bed, is an attractive system for supplying clean

air to drive a gas turbine for industrial cogeneration plants.

A program for DoE is underway at ORNL to assess the potential application of gas turbine cogeneration systems and to investigate the technology required for them. The program, entitled the Coal Combustor for

Cogeneration (CCC) Program, is directed at the study of systems in the

size range from- 5 MW(e) to 50 MW(e)

.

The Test Unit Program, discussed in this paper, will develop the technology for a fluidized bed coal combustion system to provide a source of

high temperature air for process heating and gas turbine power generation

in industrial plants. The conceptual design of the Technology Test Unit

has been completed. The 6 foot square combustor has a bed depth of 2 feet and has been designed for atmospheric pressure and 1650°F, to produce

a heat output of about 5 million Btu per hour. Development and testing

have been conducted in the areas of f luidization , heat transfer, tube

corrosion and coal feeding. New results on heat transfer, tube corrosion

and coal feeding are presented in this paper. [A number of furnace

companies were invited to submit their own designs for the combustor

unit, from which designs a final selection will be made.]

231
TITLE: Exhaust Emission Evaluation of Three Caterpillar Tractor

(D-398) Diesel-Electric Sets

AUTHOR(S) : C.E. Kitsen; R.S. Egdall

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 11/77

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Authors /York Research Corp. (Stamford, Conn.)

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S ) : York Research Corp. (for NBS)

PROCUREMENT SOURCEj ACCESSION NO.: [NTIS; PB 276-102]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: OCR 77-104; HUD Utilities Demonstration Series

Volume Fourteen; Contract: 2-35932/Grant : YRC Job No. Y-7881

TOTAL PAGES: 69 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 4 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (P)

ABSTRACT:

York Research Corp. was contracted by NBS to perform gaseous and particulate emissions testing on 3 (600 kW-rated) diesel-generator sets; these

engines were purchased for installation at the HUD Total Energy Demonstration Plant in Jersey City, N.J. The emissions testing was part of

a comprehensive performance test program conducted for HUD. The test

program was undertaken with the objective of providing baseline data to

compare with installed engine performance data to be collected by NBS

under actual field operating conditions during a 2 to 3 year demonstration program.

Each unit's exhaust was tested at varying loads for oxides of nitrogen,

carbon monoxide, vaporous hydrocarbons (HC) and particulate matter.

Test Methods are outlined in the report.

The emissions testing was conducted at varying operating loads which

included 0%, 20%, 40%, 59%, 79%, 100% and 110%. [These engines were designed to provide the dual functions of electric generation and heat

supply through exhaust heat exchangers.] Water jacket cooling water

temperatures were maintained at two levels, depending on engine load;

i.e., 1 200°F at loads of 100% and 110%, and £ 228°F at 79% and below.

The text of the report indicates that the reliability of the data resulting from this test program may, in some cases, have been adversely affected

by non-standard measurement techniques and in other cases by deviations

from recommended procedures. However, these data are considered to be

good approximations of the true emission values.

232
TITLE: Fluidized Bed Gas Turbine Experimental Unit for MIUS

Applications

AUTHOR(S): A. P. Fraas

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 11/77

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Author /OKNL

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S)

PROCUREMENT SOURCE; ACCESSION NO.:

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: ORNL/HUD/MIUS-33 (Quarterly progress report for

10/1/75 thru 12/31/75); ERDA Contract No. E (49-18) -1742 ; HUD

Interagency Agreement No. IAA-H-40-72 ERDA 40-333-72

TOTAL PAGES: 18 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 3 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (P)

ABSTRACT

A program for developing a coal-fueled MIUS at ORNL is jointly sponsored

by HUD and ERDA (now DoE) . Phase I of this program is entitled "Concept

Preliminary Evaluation" and deals with the various ways coal (and coalderived) fuels might be employed in a MIUS system. Phase II deals with

the development of a firm conceptual design and cost estimate for the

construction of a system for test and evaluation.

During this quarter authorization was obtained from HUD and ERDA to

proceed with Phase III of the program, i.e., the detail design and con- struction initially using the funds that remain after the Phase II work.

Detail design work was initiated. Discussions with vendors proceeded,

based on the Phase II layout drawings. Several modifications were made in detailed elements of the furnace design to simplify fabrication.

A study contract with AiResearch was arranged and they are examining the

problems involved in adapting one of their engines to operate with a fluidized bed heat source.

Cold-flow tests were started to investigate the rate of dispersion of

coal injected into the 4 foot square bed through the coal feed ports.

The "Iron Fireman" stoker was installed and its bench testing was initiated

.

233
TITLE: Fluidized Bed Gas Turbine Experimental Unit for MIUS

Applications

AUTHOR (S): A. P. Fraas

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 11/77

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Author/ORNL

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S)

PROCUREMENT SOURCEj ACCESSION NO.:

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: ORNL/HUD/MIUS-32 (Quarterly progress report

for 7/1/75 thru 9/30/75); ERDA Contract No. E (49-18)-1742 ; HUD

Interagency ^ >.ement No. IAA-H-40-72 ERDA 40-333-72

TOTAL PAGES: 21 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 6 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (P)

ABSTRACT: ' —

A program for developing a coal-fueled MIUS at ORNL is jointly sponsored

by HUD and ERDA (now DoE) . Phase I of this program is entitled "Concept

Preliminary Evaluation" and deals with the various ways coal (and coalderived) fuels might be employed in a MIUS system. Phase II deals with

the development of a firm conceptual design and cost estimate for the

construction of a system for test and evaluation.

During this quarter, the second of the Phase II effort, there was an intensive effort to complete the conceptual design and cost estimate

of an experimental coal-fired, closed-cycle gas turbine having an electrical output of about 325 kW(e) . [The conceptual design includes the

directly related auxiliaries required for a MIUS application.] This

effort entailed extensive contacts with potential vendors of the principal items of equipment required. A set of 10 topical reports covering

this work was drafted and submitted for review, with a request for

authorization to begin work on Phase III. These draft reports delineate

the proposed design and present analyses and data from bench tests to

validate the choice of conditions and proportions chosen.

234
TITLE: Dynamics and Control Studies of a MIUS Coal-Fired Gas Turbine

Experiment

AUTHOR (S): s.J. Ball

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 9/77

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Author /ORNL

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S)

PROCUREMENT SOURCE; ACCESSION NO.: [NTIS; CONF-770939-1

]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: Contract W-7405-ENG-26 ; paper is from "Power

Plant Dynamics, Control and Testing Symposium" held at Knoxville

Tenn. (Sept. 7, 1977)

TOTAL PAGES: 20 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 5 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (PO)

ABSTRACT:

Mathematical models of a proposed coal-fired gas turbine (CFGT) plant

were developed to simulate each of the major plant components; the entire

system of equations was solved using the CSMP ("Continuous System

Modeling Program") language. The purpose of this work was to investigate the inherent response characteristics of the plant and to assist in

the design of the control and instrumentation systems. The objectives

of the CFGT control system are: first, to satisfy the dlectrical demand

while keeping the fluidized bed temperature within limits; second, to

satisfy the space and water-heating load requirements; third, to ensure

that plant component temperatures stay within acceptable operating

limits. The .study reported in this paper was based on a preliminary

plant design; future work will use more detailed simulations that incorporate updated plant component designs and piping layouts. Also a scheme

will be developed for handling changing demands in the heating loads,

while still giving first priority to electrical demand.

Based on the present simulation, the CFGT experiment can be controlled

satisfactorily with the control system design as described in the paper,

or with minor variations. The design can handle "turbine trips" and

"load transients" (small steps and ramps) that are much faster than most

load changes expected in a typical MIUS application.

235
TITLE: Study of Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Utility Systems

AUTHOR(S): T.E. Redding; W.C. Huber

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 6/77

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Authors/NASA-JSC

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S)

PROCUREMENT SOURCE; ACCESSION NO.:

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: JSC-11651; NASA TM-58196

TOTAL PAGES: 127 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 1 3 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (P)

ABSTRACT:

The purpose of this report is to document the results of the NASA/JSC

integrated utility system (lUS) in-house study. This study was aimed

toward definition and analysis of potential energy-saving utility

system modifications for the JSC. The study was initiated in mid-Jan.

1975 as a result of JSC management's interest in pursuing facility

energy savings, in addition to the approximately 25% already achieved

through the energy loads reduction program.

The objective of the study effort was to define, analyze, and document

potential energy-saving utility system modifications that would serve as

a basis for a statement of work to obtain a preliminary engineering report

for the most desirable design concepts. [Similar studies have been

previously conducted at JSC; however, they either addressed only specific

item modifications or they were conducted under entirely different

guidelines and constraints.]

This report begins with a discussion of the existing JSC utility system,

which was used as the baseline for comparisons with modification options.

This discussion is followed by a listing of study guidelines and a detailed description and analysis of the individual options. Appendix

A (of the report) consists of a description and discussion of a computer

program developed to analyze energy flow and equipment performance in

the JSC Central Heating and Cooling Plant. Appendix B deals with the

results of a computer analysis of JSC buildings to determine heating

and cooling load as functions of ambient weather conditions, occupancy,

operating equipment, etc., and also considers the results of modifications designed to reduce these loads.

A section of this report summarizes certain aspects of T.E. and MIUS,

as they relate to this study.

236
TITLE: MIUS Integration and Subsystem Test (MIST) Data System

AUTHOR(S): L.M. Pringle; J.W. Goebel (General Electric)

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 4/77

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Authors/NASA-JSC/General Electric Co. /Hamilton

Standard Div. of United Technologies Corp.

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S) : NASA-JSC

PROCUREMENT SOURCE; ACCESSION NO.: [GPO; 1977-771.015/1441];

[NTIS; N77-28037]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: JSC-11871; NASA TM X-58201

TOTAL PAGES: 194 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 1 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (P)

ABSTRACT

This report presenta a historical survey of the development of a data

system for use in testing the integrated subsystems of a MIUS. The MIST

data system is reviewed from its conception through its checkout and operation as the controlling portion of the MIST facility. The efforts of the

author and support contractors in designing, procuring, installing and

operating the system are described. The main text does not contain

design details but the appendixes are detailed analysis reports that serve

as the basis for the MIST data system design.

The MIST data system was intended to provide a real-time monitoring and

control function that would allow for complete evaluation of the performance of the mechanical and electrical subsystems, as well as control

the operation of the various components of the system. In addition to the

aforementioned capabilities, the MIST data system provides computerized

control of test operations such that minimum manpower is necessary to

set up, operate and shut-down subsystems during test periods.

Because of the basic features of the MIST data system - and because it

is comprised of commercially available equipment - its application to

other facilities is direct. Instrumentation found in conventional

utility plants or industrial complexes interfaces readily with the

remote-data-gathering units. Should there be a greater or lesser number of a specific type of measurement (e.g., thermocouples), the units can be configured accordingly. Additionally, the monitoring, alarm,

display, recording and logging functions are available to be used for

performance evaluation purposes.

237
TITLE: Final Report: Design and Installation (of) Total Energy PlantCentral Equipment Building Summit Plaza Apartments "Operation

Breakthrough Site"; Jersey City, New Jersey

AUTHOR (S)

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 2/77

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Gamze-Korobkin-Caloger , Inc. (Chicago, 111.)

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S) : Gamze-Korobkin-Caloger , Inc.

PROCUREMENT SOURCE; ACCESSION NO.: [HUD, Office of Policy Development

and Research]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: HUD Utilities Demonstration Series Volume Twelve

TOTAL PAGES: 119 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 8 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (P)

ABSTRACT:

This report deals with the design of a 3000 kW total energy (T.E.)

plant serving an aggregate of residential, commercial and institutional

buildings at the "Operation Breakthrough" site at Jersey City, N.J.

The site receives all power, lighting, space heating, space cooling and

heat for domestic hot water from its on-site power plant. In addition,

trash collection for the apartments, school and commercial buildings

is achieved by means of a pneumatic trash collection system (PTC) which

conveys garbage and other trash from these buildings to the power plant,

through an underground piping system.

The T.E. concept is a viable one when the life-cycle costs of the system

is sufficiently lower than alternative methods of providing thermal

and electrical loads. That is, the added initial investment and ongoing

maintenance costs associated with the total energy system should be

justified by a corresponding reduction in energy consumption. When fuel

and power are purchased from outside sources, problems of peak loads and

load diversity are generally not a critical factor in the design. However,

when all thermal and electrical loads are served from a T.E. plant, peak

loads and diversity are paramount considerations in determining

whether T.E. will be economically viable.

Careful coordination of all phases of the entire project design is

necessary to ensure that a T.E. installation will be successful in all

aspects. Under the guidelines established by HUD, there were many

parties involved, each having a responsibility for a portion of the

overall design and/or construction. Recommendations are included in

the report to: improve the coordination among the efforts of all parties;

eliminate wasted effort and overdesign; and optimize the T.E. plant

design.

238
TITLE: Instrumentation Control and Data Management for the MIST

Facility

AUTHOR(S): V.A. Celino

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 1977

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Author /Kami It on Standard (Division of United

Technologies)

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S ) : Hamilton Standard

PROCUREMENT SOURCE; ACCESSION NO.: [NTIS; N78-22134/8WE]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: JSC-13957; NASA-CR-151708

TOTAL PAGES: 128 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 2 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (P)

ABSTRACT

The purpose of the MIST has been to evaluate overall performance benefits of various configurations of utilities integration concepts. Testing of the original MIST set-up had demonstrated its technical value to

the overall MIUS program but the limitations of manual data gathering,

reduction and control imposed a severe limitation for effective

utilization. As a result, the MIST was retrofitted with complete instrumentation and automated data gathering and control. This system has

proven itself efficient, convenient and reliable in providing data for

evaluation of subsystems and systems performance in MIST testing to

date.

Because of the basic features of the MIST data system and because it

utilizes commercially available equipment, the data system and the

methodology of its implementation are directly applicable to other

facilities where system evaluation is required. The conventional instrumentation interfaces readily with the remote data gathering units

(and the data system's monitoring, alarm, display, recording and

logging functions) to satisfy the needs for complete performance analysis. It is the purposes of this document to: record the methodology

by which the successful implementation was accomplished; emphasize the

requirement to include a thorough instrumentation and control task

early in the system design stages; suggest means by which such an installation could be duplicated.

A critical step necessary for the successful operation and evaluation

of the MIST (or any MIUS installation) is a thorough system level

analysis of the proposed installation, performed at the start of the

design effort. Virtually all of the functions performed by the system

require some sort of automatic control to regulate the operation of

the function, as well as feedback of operational data to evaluate the

level of performance. In order to accomplish this, it is necessary

to project all anticipated parameters of interest together with the

projected sensitivity of each measurement.

239
The appendix of this Report provides the technical data required for com- puterized control and/or monitoring of the selected MIST subsystems.

The philosophy used In the preparation of the appendix Is to provide the

computer with the capability to start and stop equipment, verify

system configurations, control simulated loads and monitor data. This

capability includes all control room functions except: (1) engine stop,

start and control and (2) water management and solid -waste management.

The capability to shed automatic computer control was also to be provided; such capability allows for manual operations or direct computer

input for the operation of each control element.

240
TITLE: NASA Water Monitor System for Community Applications

AUTHOR(S): R.E. Taylor (NASA); E. Jeffers (Boeing)

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 12/76

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Authors/NASA-JSC/The Boeing Co.

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S)

PROCUREMENT SOURCE; ACCESSION NO.: [AWWA Catalog No. 20136;

Conference Proceedings]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: Paper No. (3A-1) ; "American Water Works Ass'n.

Water Technology Conference"; San Diego, Calif., Dec. 6-7, 1976

TOTAL PAGES: 20 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 13 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (PO)

ABSTRACT:

Testing of the MIUS concept has been performed at NASA/ JSC in Houston,

Texas. The MIST (MIUS Integration and Subsystems Test) laboratory has

been built at the JSC and is being used for experimentation with advanced concepts, including water and waste treatment technologies. The

NASA support of this integration and test program, together with other

JSC supporting studies, resulted in a project to develop an automated

water quality monitoring and control system to insure the safety and

quality of treated wastewater, so as to permit its reuse (for non- potable purposes) in systems such as the MIUS.

NASA has undertaken to develop an automatic WMS (Water Monitor System)

that can assure conformance to projected high effluent-quality standards

and increase the potential for reclamation and reuse of water. The

system includes the necessary sensors, sample collection system and a data acquisition and display system to monitor (in "real" or "nearreal time") the discharges from water or wastewater treatment plants and

provide the data which determines the quality of the water. Water parameters monitored by the system include: general microorganism detection,

utilizing automated chemiluminescence and bioluminescence techniques;

automated total coliform and fecal coliform detection, by sensing evolved

metabolic hydrogen; total organic carbon; total oxygen demand; residual

chlorine; chloride; hardness; pH; turbidity; conductivity; ammonia;

nitrate; total nitrogen; sodium; dissolved oxygen; and temperature.

Other advanced techniques applied in the NASA/ WMS , of potential benefit

to water laboratory personnel and water/wastewater system practitioners,

include: computer-controlled sample collection and processing of on- line samples; computer-controlled standardization of sensors; computerized data acquisition, formatting, plotting and "hard-copy" report

generation.

This paper briefly describes the project objectives, elements of the

system, the automated biological sensor systems, adaptibility of the design to remote monitoring applications and the current status of the

project.

241
TITLE: MIUS Integration and Subsystems Test Program

AUTHOR(S): W.S. Beckham, Jr.; et al

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 12/76

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Authors /NASA-JSC

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S)

PROCUREMENT SOURCE; ACCESSION NO . : [NTIS; N77-26027]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: JSC-11402; NASA TM X-58187

TOTAL PAGES: 152 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 1 CLASS OF DOCUMENT: (P)

ABSTRACT:

NASA/JSC, through its USPO, undertook the MIST Program in support of the

conceptual design work associated with the MIUS Program sponsored by

HUD. This program was intended to develop and demonstrate the technical,

economic and institutional advantages of integrating the systems for providing all or several of the utility services for a community.

The MIST Program is the test verification of the MIUS design concepts.

On a small scale, tests of full-size MIUS designs can be run to verify

designs before full-scale deployment. The test program was a multiphase operation. Its initial goal was to establish the performance

characteristics of the elements that make up the facility and to compare

them to manufacturers' data. After the operation envelope was clarified,

fully integrated tests were conducted with the use of load profiles characteristic of different types of user facilities and weather conditions;

this was an attempt to demonstrate the capability of the subsystems to

function in a long-term integrated fashion, to examine the overall energy

balance and polluting byproducts produced and to compare the test results

with the conventional utility service experience. [The demonstrated

ability to simulate important system variables on a small scale and to

thusly prove out design concepts at low cost was shown to have valid

application to the urban sector.]

Results of the integrated tests were highly encouraging. Total plant

efficiencies ranged from 57 to 65%, an approximate doubling of the

figures associated with conventional systems. Reduction of total input

energy also results in fewer emissions.

An analysis of the results of the tests leads to the conclusion that

the technical goals of the MIUS Program are feasible; i.e., provision of

utility services can be achieved by integrated systems with a reduction of

prime energy consumption and a reduction in environmental impact. In

the area of economics, it can be concluded that an automated control

system can operate the plant with a minimum manpower level. No other

firm conclusions in the economic sphere can be drawn from the experience

gained from this program.

242
TITLE: MIST Test Requirements Document

AUTHOR (S): G.C. Shows; T. Reese

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 5/74

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: NASA-JSC/USPO

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S)

REFERENCE SOURCE & ACCESSION NO.: [NASA-JSC/USPO]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION:

TOTAL PAGES: 287 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: CLASS OF DOCUMENT : (OF

)

ABSTRACT :

' ~

The primary purpose of this document is to define the key issues which

have been identified in the MIUS Conceptual design studies and to describe the MIST equipment to be tested and the test operations to be

employed to resolve these key issues. The document describes the

general plan and outline for the initial, six-month, MIST test program

and served as the guide for the preparation of testing procedures, data

recordings and data reduction.

MIUS key design issues, that has been identified as of 5/74, are described

in the report. The objective of these descriptions and their related

discussions was to identify the specific problems in each area and to also

identify the hardware, instrumentation and operations required to resolve

said problems.

243
TITLE: Program Plan for the MIUS Integration and Subsystems Test

(MIST) Program

AUTHOR(S): F. A. Keune

DATE OF ISSUANCE: 7/73

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY: Hamilton Standard Division (United Aircraft Co.)

RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION (S ) : NASA-JSC

REFERENCE SOURCE & ACCESSION NO.: [NASA-JSC]

OTHER IDENTIFICATION: NASA Contract No. NAS 9-13458

TOTAL PAGES: 143 TOTAL REFERENCES CITED: 3 CLASS OF DOCUMENT* (OF)

ABSTRACT: ~ ——

The primary objective of the program discussed in this report is to

produce a "test-bed" MIUS (acronym: MIST) which can deliver the data

necessary to adequately support the design requirements of a "fullscale" MIUS. The test-bed has to be both flexible and versatile to

accommodate alternate subsystems so as to simulate a variety of test

conditions.

Toward this end, MIST must be: a) inexpensive, when compared to a MIUS

demonstration project; b) technically sound, i.e., configured to

adequately address key MIUS technical issues; c) designed for changes

and growth; d) configured with simplicity; and e) having visual appeal

to attract the attention of visitors.

The document presents program logic and a work breakdown structure as well as schedule and task descriptions for the MIST Program.

244
6. COMPOSITE SUBJECT INDEX

FOR SP-489 AND THIS SUPPLEMENT

245
NOTES FOR COMPOSITE SUBJECT INDEX WHICH FOLLOWS

This Index covers all abstracts from NBS SP-489 (issued August 1977)

plus those from this document.

Pagination of the abstracted reports in this document is a continuation of that begun in the original document: NBS SP-489. The

page numbers of abstracted reports in NBS SP-489 range from 9 to

149; pages in this document range from 151 to 244.

Herein, the numbers following the 65 primary index entries refer

to page numbers in NBS SP-489 plus those in this volume. There is no conflict in the numbering system since the page numbers in this

supplement continue from those in NBS SP-489, whose last Abstract

is on page 149. [Note: If an Abstract covers two pages, its

entry number is the first page of said Abstract.]

Primary index entries are cross-indexed to other primary entries,

as appears helpful.

Secondary index entries (i.e., those which have no page numbers

associated with them) are appropriately cross-referenced to one

or more primary entries.

Since about 80 percent of the Abstracts deal directly (or in a significant secondary fashion) with one or more of the variegated

aspects of MIUS, it was not deemed helpful to include what would

have been a lengthy list of MIUS subcategories.

246
COMPOSITE SUBJECT CLASSIFICATION INDEX

Absorption Chillers

Absorption Cooling (see also Cooling): 40, 68, 99, 109, 175, 176, 177,

182, 185, 206, 225

Abstracts: . 50, 55, 65, 77, 78, 91, 98, 101, 106, 123, 141, 153,

157, 163, 164, 199, 224

"ACES"; Annual Cycle Energy System (see also Energy Storage; Thermal

Storage): 79, 86, 90, 160

Air Conditioning (see "HVAC" Systems)

Air Pollution/Quality (see Environmental Effects)

Alternate Energy Systems (see Energy Conversion)

Analysis Methodology (see Computer Methodology)

Analytic Models (see Simulation)

Annotated Compilations (see Abstracts)

Assessments (see Technology Assessment/Evaluation)

Background Reports (see Abstracts)

Bibliographic Material (see Abstracts)

Boiler Performance: 40, 99, 128, 129, 134, 135, 136, 139, 140, 143, 175,

176, 177, 182, 209, 221, 225, 237

Boilers (see Boiler Performance; Coal-fired MIUS)

Brayton Cycle (see Engine-Generator Sets)

Building Characteristics (see Marketing Considerations)

Building Energy Analysis (see Energy Analysis)

Calculational Methods (see Computer Methodology; Data Processing)

Case Studies (see also Comparison Studies): 42, 43, 58, 59, 62, 148,

153, 159, 164, 185

"CCMS"; Committee (on the) Challenges (of) Modern Society: 152, 157,

158

247
"CCMS-MIUS" (see "CCMS")

Central Building Systems (see Central Utility Plants)

Central Utility Plants (see also Utilities): 15, 16, 22, 41, 42, 46, 58,

62, 68, 69, 87, 88, 89, 99, 117, 119, 120, 122, 162, 175, 176, 177, 182,

185, 221, 225, 228, 229, 237, 240

Chiller Units (see Cooling; "HVAC" Systems)

Climatic Considerations (see Environmental Effects)

Coal-burning Turbine (see Coal-fired MIUS ; Engine-Generator Sets)

Coal-fired MIUS: 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 139, 140,

141, 143, 196, 197, 223, 224, 227, 228, 229, 231, 232, 233, 235, 236,

237

Coal Gasification (see Coal-fired MIUS)

Cogeneration (see also "ICES"): 112, 155, 159, 194, 195, 233

Combustion Chambers (see Boiler Performance; Coal-fired MIUS)

Combustion Emissions (see Exhaust Emissions)

Comparative Analysis (see Comparison Studies)

Comparison Studies (see also Case Studies): 16, 22, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43,

47, 51, 56, 58, 119, 138, 148, 153, 154, 169, 176, 177, 183, 185, 189,

192, 195, 203, 210

Community Models (see Simulation)

Compression Cooling (see Cooling)

Computational Methods (see Computer Methodology)

Computer Methodology (see also Data Processing): 39, 41, 46, 59, 61, 62,

88, 91, 92, 95, 99, 104, 105, 114, 127, 132, 137, 175, 176, 177, 185,

193, 202, 203, 204, 209, 225, 239, 241

Computer Processing/Programming (see Computer Methodology)

Computerized Energy Analysis (see Computer Methodology; Energy Analysis)

Concept Background of MIUS: 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 19, 20, 23,

24, 26, 27, 28, 30, 31, 32, 34, 41, 43, 51, 58, 77, 78, 87, 88, 111,

113, 130, 131, 132, 144, 152, 153, 161, 162, 163, 166, 168, 169, 170,

171, 185, 196, 225

Concept Description (see Concept Background of MIUS; Integrated Utility

Systems)

248
Conceptual Design (see Concept Background of MIUS ; Design Criteria/Data)

Conservation of Energy (see also Energy Conversion; Heat Recovery; WasteEnergy Utilization): 14, 18, 25, 26, 29, 41, 62, 82, 83, 122, 152, 156,

162, 167, 169, 175, 177, 180, 183, 185, 189, 238, 244

Consumption of Utilities (see Electricity Usage; Utility Loads)

Controls (see also Instrumentation): 100, 102, 177, 189, 229, 231, 232,

235, 236, 239, 240, 241, 245

Cooling (see also Absorption Cooling; "HVAC" Systems): 16, 40, 41, 42,

59, 65, 68, 75, 81, 99, 100, 109, 175, 176, 177, 185, 187, 202, 203, 209,

221

Cooling Loads (see Absorption Cooling; Cooling)

Cost/Benefit Analysis (see Financial Analysis)

Costing Methods (see Costs)

Costs (see also Economic Analysis; Financial Analysis): 11, 13, 16, 17,

19, 25, 31, 34, 40, 41, 42, 46, 52, 56, 60, 61, 63, 64, 67, 73, 74, 80,

81, 107, 115, 130, 131, 169, 171, 176, 177, 185, 189, 194, 19'5, 221,

225, 240

Costs Analysis (see Costs)

Data Acquisition and D.A. Systems (see Data Processing; Instrumentation)

Data Editing/Flow (see Data Processing)

Data Processing (see also Computer Methodology): 41, 49, 53, 54, 61, 79,

91, 92, 95, 99, 105, 127, 175, 176, 177,193, 205, 210, 222, 239, 241

Data Reduction/Requirements (see Data Processing)

Demographic Factors/Impacts (see Environmental Effects; Institutional

Factors)

Demonstration Sites (see Jersey City Demonstration Site; MIUS and I.E.

Demonstrations)

Design Criteria/Data: 22, 41, 43, 53, 54, 65, 69, 79, 89, 101, 113, 128,

129, 133, 136, 139, 165, 170, 177, 183, 185, 196, 2U6, 223, 225,

226, 240, 246

Diesel Engines (see also Engine-Generator Sets): 16, 47, 87, 99, 107,

145, 146, 175, 176, 177, 180, 182, 216, 217, 221, 225, 230, 234, 240

249
Disposal of Refuse (see Waste-Management Systems)

Distribution Systems (see also Utilities): 41, 42, 64, 65, 68, 69, 74,

80, 85, 87, 100, 101, 104, 112, 113, 115, 116, 121, 137, 153, 177, 185,

189, 221, 225

District Heating (see Distribution Systems; Heating; Utilities)

District Systems (see Distribution Systems; Utilities)

Economic Analysis (see also Costs; Financial Analysis): 16, 27, 32, 39,

45, 52, 53, 54, 56, 60, 61, 63, 69, 73, 80, 88, 98, 99, 105, 132, 154,

170, 171, 176, 184, 185, 189, 194, 195, 204, 210, 225

Economic Evaluation/Guidelines/lmpacts/lncentives (see Economic Analysis)

Economics (see Costs; Economic Analysis)

"E-CUBE" (see Computer Methodology)

Electrical Power Considerations (see Electricity Usage)

Electricity Usage (see also Utilities; Utility Loads): 27, 41, 42, 43,

69, 92, 104, 176, 177, 183, 185, 189, 198, 199, 221, 225, 227, 240

Electricity (Utility) Plants (see Central Utility Plants)

Emissions (see Exhaust Emissions)

Energy Analysis (see also Load Calculations; Utility Loads): 10, 11, 16,

17, 25, 27, 29, 34, 40, 41, 42, 43, 58, 62, 65, 69, 82, 99, 114, 154,

175, 176, 177, 185, 194, 202, 203, 204, 225, 238

Energy Conservation/Savings (see Conservation of Energy)

Energy Consumption/Usage (see Energy Analysis)

Energy Conversion (see also Conservation of Energy; Heat Recovery): 85,

86, 88, 118, 120, 153, 175, 177, 185, 238

Energy Evaluation (see Energy Analysis)

Energy Systems Analysis (see Energy Analysis)

Energy Storage (see also "ACES"; Thermal Storage): 16, 65, 79, 160, 225,

238

Energy Utilization (see Energy Conversion)

Engine-Generator Sets (see also Central Utility Plants; Diesel Engines):

16, 40, 42, 87, 88, 99, 107, 119, 130, 133, 139, 140, 143, 146, 175,

176, 177, 182, 187, 196, 206, 216, 221, 232, 235, 236, 237

250
Engine Performance (see Diesel Engines; Engine-Generator Sets)

Environmental Control (see Environmental Effects)

Environmental Effects (see also Exhaust Emissions): 16, 21, 25, 34, 36,

40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 57, 61, 68, 73, 101, 103, 106, 108, 130,

131, 136, 153, 154, 169, 176, 177, 184, 185, 200, 207, 219, 221,

230

Environmental Evaluation/ Impact (see Environmental Effects)

Error Analysis (see Performance Analysis of T.E. and MIUS Plants;

Reliability Considerations)

"ESOP" (see Computer Methodology)

Evaluation of Sytems (see Program Evaluation; System Analysis and

Evaluation; Technology Assessment/Evaluation)

Exhaust Emissions (see also Engine-Generator Sets; Environmental Effects):

40, 42, 44, 46, 47, 57, 111, 130, 131, 136, 143, 176, 177, 185, 217, 219,,

221, 230, 234

Failure of Components (see Reliability Considerations)

Feasibility Analysis/Studies (see System Analysis and Evaluation;

Technology Assessment /Evaluation)

Financial Analysis (see also Costs; Economic Analysis): 27, 33, 46, 56,

57, 58, 60, 61, 81, 88, 99, 101, 105, 112, 171, 177, 185, 189, 202, 225

Fluid Systems (see Distribution Systems)

Fluidized-bed Combustion (see Coal-fired MIUS)

Fossil and Synthetic Fuels (not Solid Waste): 39, 40, 42, 43, 61, 62,

94, 96, 98, 107, 109, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 136, 176, 177, 184, 185,

197, 218, 226, 236

Fuel Cells (see also Energy Conversion): 16, 87, 89, 180, 212

Fuel Consumption/Requirements (see Fossil and Synthetic Fuels)

Fuel Measurements (see Instrumentation)

Fumigation (see Diesel Engines)

Furnaces (see Boiler Performance; Coal-fired MIUS)

Gas Turbines (see Engine-Generator Sets)

251
Gases (see Exhaust Emissions)

Heat-Pumps (see "HVAC" Systems)

Heat Recovery (see also Conservation of Energy; Energy Conversion): 39,

58, 69, 75, 88, 89, 99, 104, 117, 118, 122, 175, 177, 182, 185, 206,

216, 221, 225, 238

Heat Transfer Considerations (see "HVAC" Systems)

Heat Utilization (See Heat Recovery; Waste-Energy Utilization)

Heating (see also "HVAC" Systems): 16, 41, 42, 59, 75, 92, 100, 175, 176,

177, 185, 202, 203, 209, 221, 225, 238

Heating Loads (see Heating; Utility Loads)

Hot-Water Requirements (see Utility Loads)

Housing Data/Factors (see Institutional Factors)

"HVAC" Systems (see also Cooling; Heating): 22, 41, 42, 59, 68, 81, 86,

88, 90, 99, 100, 177, 185, 189, 194, 195, 225, 238, 243

"ICES" (see also Cogeneration) : 161, 180

Incinerators (see Trash Collection Systems; Waste-Management Systems)

Institutional Factors (see also Concept Background of MIUS; Legal Considerations; Marketing Considerations): 16, 21, 40, 43, 45, 46, 48, 50,

53, 54, 57, 65, 66, 67, 82, 88, 101, 138,164, 165, 166, 177, 184, 185,

188, 192, 200, 207, 219, 225, 226

Institutional Impacts/Restraints (see Institutional Factors)

Instrumentation (see also Controls): 92, 100, 102, 138, 145, 146, 153,

176, 177, 200, 219, 222, 232, 235, 236, 241, 243, 245

Integrated Utility Systems (see also Concept Background of MIUS; T.E.

Systems; Utilities): 10, 16, 21, 33, 42, 43, 45, 51, 67, 79, 95, 98,

103, 137, 144, 148, 149, 155, 156, 157, 158, 160, 161, 185

Jersey City Demonstration Site (see also MIUS and T.E. Demonstrations;

"Operation Breakthrough"): 13, 15, 18, 27, 30, 33, 35, 138, 142, 145,

146, 147, 148, 149, 175, 176, 177, 181, 192, 193, 194, 195, 198, 205,

210, 216, 219, 221, 222, 230, 234, 240

Legal Considerations (see also Institutional Factors): 23, 24, 26, 50,

55, 60, 65, 154, 185, 188

252
Legal/Legislative Background of MIUS (see Legal Considerations)

Liquid Waste (see Waste-Water Treatment)

Literature Reviews /Surveys (see Abstracts)

Load Calculations (see also Electricity Usage; Utilities): 22, 39, 41,

58, 59, 61, 62, 69, 79, 88, 114, 176, 177, 185, 202

Load Profiles (see Load Calculations; Utility Loads)

Market Estimates/Potential (see Marketing Considerations)

Marketing Considerations (see also Economic Analysis; Financial Analysis;

Institutional Factors; Legal Considerations): 19, 25, 27, 32, 34, 43,

53, 54, 61, 62, 65, 170, 171, 184, 185

Measurements (see Instrumentation)

"mist" (see also Computer Methodology; Instrumentation; Simulation):

27, 92, 137, 144, 239, 241, 248, 249

"MIUS" (see, particularly. Concept Background of MIUS; MIUS and T.E.

Demonstrations)

MIUS and T.E. Demonstrations (see also Jersey City Demonstration Site;

"Operation Breakthrough"): 9, 10, 13, 14, 16, 18, 30, 33, 48, 65, 138,

142, 147, 168, 175, 176, 177, 200, 207, 219, 221, 225, 226,

230

Modeling/Models (see Simulation)

Monitoring (see Instrumentation)

"NBSLD" (see Computer Methodology; Data Processing)

"Operation Breakthrough" (see also Concept Background of MIUS): 26, 27,

33, 65, 142, 147, 148, 149, 177, 179, 205, 210, 211, 240

Performance Analysis of T.E. and MIUS Plants (see also Jersey City Demonstration Site; Program Evaluation): 49, 61, 62, 88, 130, 131, 142, 149,

156, 175, 176, 177, 185, 194, 204, 209, 216, 221, 225, 240

Performance Evaluation/Guidelines/Prediction (see Performance Analysis

of T.E. and MIUS Plants; Program Evaluation)

Piping Systems (see Distribution Systems)

Plumes (see Exhaust Emissions)

Pollution and Pollution Control (see Environmental Effects)

253
Potable Water (see Water Supply)

Power Distribution (see Distribution Systems)

Power Generation/Plants (see Central Utility Plants)

Power Requirements (see Electricity Usage; Utility Loads)

Prime Movers (see Diesel Engines; Engine-Generator Sets)

Program Evaluation: 16, 17, 43, 49, 66, 67, 113, 132, 154, 156, 177, 185

"PTC"; Pneumatic Trash Collection (see Trash Collection Systems)

Public Utilities (see Utilities)

Pyrolosis (see Solid Waste; Waste-Management Systems)

Quality of Services (see Institutional Factors)

Rankine Cycle (see Engine-Generator Sets)

Recycling (see Conservation of Energy; Energy Conversion)

Refrigeration Technology (see Cooling)

Refuse Management (see Solid Waste; Waste-Management Systems)

Regulatory Considerations (see Legal Considerations; Environmental

Effects)

Reliability Considerations (see also Institutional Factors; Utilities):

79, 107, 136, 176, 177, 198, 221, 225, 228

Residential Energy Use (see Energy Analysis; Utility Loads)

Resource Recovery (see Waste-Management Systems)

Seminars Relating to MIUS Program (see Abstracts)

Sewage Treatment (see Waste-Water Treatment)

Simulation (see also Computer Methodology; Data Processing): 39, 40, 41,

42, 44, 47, 51, 60, 61, 91, 92, 95, 114, 134, 135, 137, 167, 175, 185,

197, 202, 204, 209, 229, 233, 237, 245, 246

"SINDA" (see Computer Methodology)

/ Siting Criteria (see Institutional Factors)

254
Sludge (see Waste-Water Treatment)

Social Considerations (see Institutional Factors)

Software (see Computer Methodology)

Solar Energy Possibilities: 16, 75, 87, 88, 212

Solid Waste: 10, 13, 16, 22, 27, 31, 36, 39, 41, 46, 75, 85, 88. 94.

98, 103, 105, 106, 108, 110, 123,155, 177, 179, 185, 187, 189, 192,

205, 206, 208, 210, 217, 225, 226, 245

Solid Waste Disposal/Management (see Solid Waste; Waste-Management

Systems)

Statistical Analysis (see Computer Methodology; Data Processing)

Systems Analysis and Evaluation: 13, 14, 16, 36, 39, 40, 43, 44, 49, 60,

61, 66, 67, 75, 79, 88, 120, 128, 129, 130, 131, 136, 138, 148, 154, 177,

181, 185, 188, 210, 225, 227, 246

Systems Design (see .Design Criteria/Data; Systems Analysis and Evaluation)

Systems Engineering (see Systems Analysis and Evaluation)

Systems Integration (see Systems Analysis and Evaluation)

Systems Performance (see Performance Analysis of T.E. and HIUS Plants)

Systems Specifications (see Design Criteria/Data)

Technical Evaluation of MIUS Plants (see Technology Assessment/Evaluation)

Technical Evaluation Plan for T.E. Plants (see also Jersey City Demonstration Site; Technology Assessment/Evaluation): 49^ 60, 61, 65, 138,

148, 192, 205, 210

Technical Problems (see Design Criteria/Data)

Technology Assessment/Evaluation: 16, 33, 49, 73, 74, 75, 76, 80, 81,

82, 83, 87, 97, 102, 107, 109, 110, 111, 154, 155, 168, 177, 181,

184, 185, 188, 212, 219, 225

Technology Survey (see Abstracts; Technology Assessment/Evaluation)

Test Systems (see "MIST"; Simulation)

Thermal Energy (see also Cooling; Heating; Energy Analysis): 16, 41,

42, 69, 74, 120, 155, 175, 176, 177, 185, 209, 244

255
Thermal Pollution (see Environmental Effects)

Thermal Rejection (see Environmental Effects; Thermal Energy)

Thermal Storage (see also "ACES"; Energy Storage): 39, 75, 79, 83, 86,

90, 162, 167, 206

Thermal Systems (see Thermal Energy)

T.E. Systems (see also Integrated Utility Systems): 12, 14, 15, 27, 31,

33, 34, 35, 52, 55, 60, 61, 65, 77, 78, 118, 127, 130, 131, 138, 142,

145, 146, 147, 149, 155, 156, 159, 164, 175, 176, 177, 182, 193, 194,

195, 198, 216, 219, 222, 230, 234, 240

Total Energy and its Applications (see T.E. Systems)

Transducers (see Instrumentation; Measurements)

Trash Collection Systems (see also Solid Waste; Waste-Management

Systems): 35, 92, 106, 110, 177, 179, 185, 192, 205

Trenches for Utilities (see Distribution Systems)

Turbine-Generator Units (see Engine-Generator Sets)

Urban Energy Systems (see Utilities)

User Acceptance (see Institutional Factors)

Utilities (see also Electricity Usage; Utility Loads): 16, 19, 20, 27,

32, 33, 41, 42, 45, 46, 47, 50, 55, 56, 63, 65, 67, 101, 112, 116, 120,

121, 148, 149, 153, 154, 156, 164, 171, 177, 183, 185, 199, 202,

221, 225, 226, 244

Utility Loads (see also Electricity Usage; Utilities): 27, 40, 42, 51,

58, 73, 75, 92, 99, 105, 115, 177, 185, 189, 199, 206, 221, 225

Utility Services/Systems (see Utilities)

Ventilation (see "HVAC" Systems)

Waste Disposal (see Waste-Management Systems)

Waste-Energy Utilization (see also Conservation of Energy; Heat Recovery):

36, 41, 62, 69, 98, 122, 177, 181, 183, 185, 229

Waste-Heat Utilization (see Heat Recovery)

256
Waste-Management Systems (see also Solid Waste; Trash Collection Systems):

16, 35, 36, 40, 41, 43, 73, 92, 94, 98, 99, 103, 106, 110, 123, 162, 167,

177, 179, 181, 183, 185, 192, 205, 225, 238, 245

Waste-Water Treatment (see also Water Reclamation): 16, 22, 36, 40, 41,

42, 46, 69, 73, 75, 76, 84, 85, 88, 92, 96, 97, 98, 99, 155, 185, 189,

208, 218, 225, 245

Water Management (see Water Supply)

Water Pollutants (see Waste-Water Treatment)

Water Purity (see Water Reclamation; Water Supply)

Water Quality (see Water Reclamation)

Water Quality Monitoring (see Instrumentation; Water Reclamation)

Water Reclamation (see also Waste-Water Treatment): 10, 36, 43, 73, 76,

84, 97, 105, 183, 185, 200, 207, 218, 225, 226, 243

Water Supply (see also Water Reclamation): 16, 22, 27, 41, 42, 46, 73,

75, 76, 84, 85, 88, 97, 105, 185, 200, 225, 226, 243

Water Treatment (see Waste-Water Treatment; Water Reclamation)

Water Use (see Utility Loads)

257
NBS-n4A (REV. 2-ec) U.S. DEPT. OF COMM. 1. PUBLICATION OR 2> Performing Organ. Report No. 3. Publication Date BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA

REPORT NO. SHEET (See instructions) NBS SP 489 Suppl. 1 August 1982

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Abstracted Reports and Articles of the HUD Modular Integrated Utility Systems

(MIUS) Program , Supplement 1

5. AUTHOR(S)

M. H. Nimmo and B. Reznek, Editors

6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION (If joint or other than NBS. see /n struction s) 7. Contract/Grant No. NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 8. Type of Report & Period Covered

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20234

supplemental/updating

9. SPONSORING ORGANIZATION NAME AND COMPLETE ADDRESS (Street, City, State. ZIP)

Building Technology Division

Office of Policy Development and Research

Department of Housing and Urban Development

Washington, DC 20410

10. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 82-600571

Document describes a computer program; SF-185, PIPS Software Summary, is attached.

11. ABSTRACT (A 200-word or less factuai summary of most significant information. If document includes a significant

bi bl iography or literature survey, mention it here) This document provides an additional listing of reports and articles relating to the

HUD-MIUS Program. Reports published and selected since the issuance of NBS SP-489 are

listed. Also included, for the sake of completeness, are some earlier reports which

had not been included in the original NBS SP-489. Both NBS SP-489 and this document

are required for full coverage. The entry for each report contains an abstract and

other pertinent information, including procurement sources and procedures. Reports are grouped by four general subject categories: Program/Concept Description; Systems

Analysis; Technology Evaluation; and Hardware Evaluation & Demonstration. The reports

are further classified into three publication/availability categories: government

publications (Published Reports); non-government publications and articles (Outside

Publications); and "informal" reports and data (Open-File Reports). An overall subject

index has been included which covers both NBS SP-489 and this document.

12. KEY WORDS (Six to twelve entries: alphabetical order; capitalize only proper name^; and separate key words by semicolons)

Abstracted reports and articles; coal-fired MIUS; comparison studies ( concept "b&dKground of MIUS; conservation of energy; energy analysis; HUD/MIUS Program; HVAC

systems; performance analysis; solid waste; total energy; utility systems.

13. AVAILABILITY

[Xj Unlimited

I I For Official Distribution. Do Not Release to NTIS

[X] Order From Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.

20402.

Order From National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Springf: J, . i2:c14. NO. OF

PRINTED PAGES

120

15. Price

USCOMM-DC 6043-P80

"i^U . S . GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1982-360 - 9-9-7'/=S 2 1 1


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