Paleozoic Species of

D ' 7* J

Bairata and 

Related Genera

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 330-A
Paleozoic Species of

D 7* J

natrdia and 

Related Genera

By I. G. SOHN

REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OSTRACODE GENERA

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 3 3 0-A

A monographic subjective revision of genera 

and species, including identification keys 

and stratigraphic ranges

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1960
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

FRED A. SEATON, Secretary

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

Thomas B. Nolan, Director

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office 

Washington 25, D.C. - Price $1 (paper cover)
CONTENTS

Abstract ______ _ _ ____

Introduction. ._ _________ __

Acknowledgments _______ _____ _ __

Methods of study _ _ _ _ _ ___

Punched cards __ _ _ _ _ ______

Definition of terms ______

Internal casts ___________ _____

Discrimination of species _ ___ ___ __

Individual variation ._ __ __ _ __ _ ____ _

Muscle scars. _ _ ____ _ __ __ ____

Surface texture _________

Paleontological nomenclature _ _ _

Homonymy ______

Homonyms not renamed.

Collection localities. ... _ _ _

Systematic descriptions _______

Key to genera ______

Family Bairdiidae _ _

Stratigraphic range

Key to Bairdia s.s

Assigned species ...

Misidentified species in Bairdia

Doubtful and indeterminate species .

Synonyms and rejected species from Bairdia ._

Cryptobairdia n. gen _ __ __ _______

Rectobairdia n. gen _____ __

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Orthobairdia n. gen _ ___ ________

Rishona n. gen. ._ __ __ ______

Species assigned to genera not described in this paper

ILLUSTRATIONS

[Plates 1 to 6 follow the index]

PLATE 1. Bairdia and Varicobairdta.

2. Bairdiacypris and genera of the Bairdia group.

3. Bairdiacypris, Fabalicypris, and genera of the Bairdia 

group.

4. Silenites, Bairdiolites, Ceratobairdia, and Rishona.

5. Rishona, Pachydomella, and related genera.

6. Bekena, Bairdiocypris, Spinobairdia, and miscellaneous 

genera.

FIGURE 1. Disposition of species previously assigned to 

Bairdia- _______________________________

2. Elements of the lateral and dorsal outlines of 

the Bairdia group.______________________

3. Nesidea Costa, 1849, reproduction of the 

original plate___________________________

4. Stratigraphic range of the genera discussed in 

this paper._____________________________

5. Stratigraphic range and frequency distribution of Bairdia s. s______________________

Page

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14

15

18

FIGURE 6. Species of Bairdia in the upper Pennsylvania!!.

7. Stratigraphic range and frequency distribution of Cryptobairdia- __________-_-_-_---

8. Stratigraphic range and frequency distribution of Rectobairdia__________----__-_-_

9. Stratigraphic range and frequency distribution of Bairdiacypris- -------------------

10. Stratigraphic range and frequency distribution of Fabalicypris---------------------

11. Stratigraphic range and frequency distribution of Orthobairdia- ____________--_---_-

12. Stratigraphic range and frequency distribution of Bairdiolites----------------------

13. Stratigraphic range and frequency distribution of Silenites_______________--__-----

14. Polished sections through Phanassymetria--.

15. Polished section through Pachydomella------

in

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REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OSTRACODE GENERA

PALEOZOIC SPECIES OF BAIRDIA AND RELATED GENERA

By I. G. SOHN

ABSTRACT

Paleozoic species of the genus Bairdia have been critically 

examined and revised by use of punched cards. These species 

are referred to the following genera: Bairdia McCoy, Cryptobairdia n. gen., Rectobairdia n. gen., Bairdiacypris Bradfield, 

Fabalicypris Cooper, Orthobairdia n. gen., Pustulobairdia n. 

gen., Ceratobairdia Sohn, Bairdiolites Croneis and Gale, Rishona n. gen., and Bekena Gibson. Other species are referred 

to Basslerella"! Kellett, Camdenidea Swain, Cavellina'i Coryell, 

Haworthina Kellett, and Steusloffina Teichert. The stratigraphic range of Bairdia, as redefined, is restricted to rocks 

of Middle Devonian to Permian age. It is suggested that the 

post-Paleozoic species referred to this genus belong to other 

genera, several of which are listed, and some of which are 

still undescribed. Homonyms of Paleozoic species are renamed 

as follows: Bairdia egorovi (B. symmetrica Egorov, 1953), 

B. elongatella (B. plebia elongata Kirkby, 1859), B. girtyi 

(B. attenuata Girty), Cryptobairdia contractella (B. hisingeri 

contracta Jones and Kirkby, 1895), Orthobairdia kirki (B. compressa Geis, 1932), Rectobairdia posneri (Bairdia angulata 

Posner, 1951).

The following genera are discussed: Silenites Coryell and 

Booth, Tubulibairdia Swartz, Phanassymetria Roth, Pachydomella Ulrich, Spinobairdia Morris and Hill, and Bairdiocypris 

Kegel. The new family Rishoniidae is erected for Rishona 

n. gen. and Samarella Polenova, 1952. Reversocypris Pfibyl, 

1955, is here tentatively considered a junior subjective synonym of Samarella. A new family to be named by Berdan and 

Sohn is discussed and illustrated by means of polished sections and radiographs.

A key to the more important genera and nine dichotomous 

keys to the species in these genera are presented. Some of 

these species are here considered nomina dubia. Misidentifications that belong to new species, except for Bairdia hassi 

n. sp., and B. pseudoglennensis n. sp., are not named; they 

are indicated by letters. Lectotypes for Orthobairdia cestriensis (Ulrich), 1891, Bekena peoki (Morey), 1935, Cryptobairdia 

recta (Harlton), 1929, Bairdia crassa Harlton, 1929, and Bairdia 

girtyi Sohn, n. name are described and illustrated. Rishona 

bassleri n. sp. is described and illustrated.

INTRODUCTION

This paper is part of an inventory of the available 

knowledge of upper Paleozoic ostracode genera. Published data and available types and collections from 

stratigraphic and paleontologic type localities deposited 

at the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. National

Museum, as well as types deposited in other institutions, are used. The project is under the direction 

of P. E. Cloud, Jr.

Because Bairdia is a smooth genus to which the 

largest number of Paleozoic species were assigned, it 

was chosen as a pilot study in order to develop methods 

of attacking the problem. Bairdia McCoy, 1844, has 

the added distinction of being the second valid Paleozoic ostracode genus to be described the first was 

Entomoconchus McCoy, 1839. The few additional 

Paleozoic species described prior to 1844 were either 

not recognized as ostracodes or were assigned to postPaleozoic, mostly living, genera.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I am indebted to P. E. Cloud, Jr., for suggestions 

and encouragement during the progress of this project. 

G. A. Cooper, U.S. National Museum, made available 

for study all the specimens on deposit in the U.S. 

National Museum. C. L. Cooper, U.S. Geological Survey, made available his illustrated card catalog of 

Paleozoic Ostracoda that is current to about 1946. The 

following individuals very generously loaned types on 

deposit at their institutions: C. W. Collison, Illinois 

Geological Survey; Maxim K. Elias, University of 

Nebraska; John Imbrie, Columbia University; R. V. 

Kesling, University of Michigan; M. B. Marple, Ohio 

State University; Norman D. Newell, American Museum of Natural History; R. E. Peck, University of 

Missouri; and J. J. Galloway and T. G. Perry, University of Indiana. H. H. Bradfield donated the 

duplicates of his types and C. W. Tomljnson arranged 

for the collecting of topotype samples at Bradfield's 

locality 68. A. R. Loeblich, Jr., loaned his collections 

from the Henry house and Haragan formations of Oklahoma. The unpublished index of Ostracoda compiled 

by H. N. Coryell was consulted. I am grateful to 

my colleagues in the U.S. National Museum with whom 

I discussed many of the problems encountered, and
REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OSTRACODE GENERA

to Michael Fleischer for donating several hundred 

punched cards that were converted for use with the 

species in Bairdia.. J. M. Berdan aided with numerous 

discussions and by making available lower Paleozoic 

specimens. Drs. Karl Krommelbein, Germany, and 

Vladimir Pokorny, Czechoslovakia, donated European 

specimens.

METHODS OF STUDY

This study is subjective rather than objective in 

approach, and as such is liable to the introduction of 

errors in judgment. An effort has been made to study 

as many specimens of each species as could be obtained. 

Only those references to each species that are documented by illustrations have been considered, and each 

species was evaluated on the basis of available specimens, descriptions, discussions, and illustrations. As 

work progressed, it was noted that erroneous conceptions of several species were made on the basis of 

published data alone.' Most misconceptions were due 

to the fact that the species was based either on steinkerns or on broken or partly abraded specimens.

Criteria for recognizing internal casts of ostracode 

carapaces are discussed and illustrated on page 7. 

Because the genus Bairdia was originally described in 

Europe, specimens of most of the foreign species are 

not available for examination in the United States. 

Evaluations of these species are based solely on published data. They are included in this study because 

the American species cannot be evaluated without the 

consideration of the foreign representatives in each 

of the genera studied.

A bibliography of upper Paleozoic ostracodes in 

North America through 1955 is included with the 

"Bibliography."

In the following grouping of publications on upper 

Paleozoic ostracodes, the references to the "Bibliography" are arranged according to the stratigraphic 

age of the material discussed. The same reference may 

appear in several of the geologic divisions because a 

publication may deal with collections from more than 

one stratigraphic level.

Publications dealing with upper Paleozoic ostraoodes in North 

America, arranged according to geologic period

Permian

Coryell and Rogatz, 1932; Delo, 1930; Girty, 1908; Girty, 

1909h; Girty, 1910b; Hamilton, 1942: Harlton, 1927; Harris and Lalicker, 1932; Harris and Worell, 1936; Holland, 

1934; Kellett, 1929; Kellett, 1933; Kellett, 1934; Kellett, 

1935; Scott, 1944b; Sohn, 1950b; Sohn, 1954; Ulrich and 

Bassler, 1906; Upson, 1933.

Upper Pennsylvanian

Bradfleld, 1935; Cooper, 1946; Cordell, 1952; Coryell, 1928a; 

Coryell, 1928b; Coryell and Billings, 1932; Coryell and 

Booth, 1933; Coryell and Osorio, 1932; Delo, 1930; Delo,

1931; Harlton, 1927; Harlton, 1928; Harlton, 1929b; Harris and Lalicker, 1932; Johnson, 1936; Kellett, 1929; Kellett, 1933; Kellett, 1934; Kellett, 1935; Kellett, 1947; 

Lalicker, 1935; Moore, 1929; Payne, 1937; Roth, 1928; 

Roth, 1929a ; Scott and Borger, 1941 ; Tasch, 1953 ; Ulrich 

and Bassler, 1906.

Middle Pennsylvanian

Bradfield, 1935; Brill, 1942; Cooper, 1945; Cooper, 1946; Coryell, 1928a; Coryell, I928b; Coryell and Sample, 1932; 

Harlton, 1928; Kellett, 1947; Kellett, 1948; Kellett, 1952; 

Knight, 1928; McLaughlin, 1952; Marple, 1952; Moore, 

1929 ; Roth, 1929a ; Roth and Skinner, 1930 ; Scott, 1944a ; 

Scott, 1944b ; Scott and Summerson, 1943 ; Warthin, 1930 ; 

Wilson, 1933.

Lower Pennsylvanian

Bradfield, 1935; Branson, 1944; Cooper, 1945; Cooper, 1946; 

Harlton, 1928 ; Harlton, 1929a ; Harlton, 1933 ; Roth, 1928 ; 

Roth, 1929a; Roth, 1929b ; Roth and Skinner, 1930; Scott, 

1944a.

Upper Mississippian

Bell, 1929 ; Branson, 1944 ; Brayer, 1952 ; Cooper, 1941 ; Cooper, 

1947 ; Coryell and Johnson, 1937 ; Coryell and Rozanski, 

1942; Coryell and Sohn, 1938; Croneis and Bristol, 1939; 

Croneis and Funkhouser, 1939; Croneis and Gale, 1939; 

Croneis and Gutke, 1939; Croneis and Thurman, 1939; 

Easton, 1943; Geis, 1932; Girty, 1909a ; Girty, 1910a; 

Girty, 1911; Girty, 1915a ; Harlton, 1929a ; Morey, 1935b ; 

Roth, 1929a; Roth, 1929b ; Roundy, 1926; Scott, 1942; 

Sohn, 1953 ; Ulrich, 1891 ; White and St. John, 1867 ; Whitfield, 1882.

Lower Mississippian

Bassler, 1932; Bassler, 1935; Benson, 1955; Branson, 1944; 

Echols and Gouty, 1956; Girty, 1915b; Herrick, 1891; 

?Morey, 1935a ; Morey, 1936.

The number of publications that deal with North 

American Paleozoic ostracodes in each of the preceding 

divisions of the Upper Paleozoic is given in the following tabulation. This tabulation is limited by two 

factors: 1, not all the papers included in the totals 

contain the genera discussed in this paper; and 2, references to ostracodes outside of North America are 

omitted.

Number of publications on ostracodes in each of the divisions 

of the upper Paleozoic in North America

 19 

______ ____ 28

 22 

 12 

 29 

9

Permian

Upper Pennsylvanian 

Middle Pennsylvanian 

Lower Pennsylvanian 

Upper Mississippian _ 

Lower Mississippian

These data are important as an aid in establishing 

the stratigraphic range of each of the genera and 

species studied. The faunal composition of the Lower 

Mississippian is not so well known as that of the Upper 

Pennsylvanian. Consequently the absence of a record 

for a species or germs in rocks of Late Pennsylvanian 

age has more weight than the same absence in rocks 

of Early Mississippian age. The above data are to be
PALEOZOIC SPECIES OF BAIRDIA AND RELATED GENERA

used in interpreting the stratigraphic ranges of the 

genera illustrated in figures 5-13. On the other hand, 

the data also indicate areas where an abundance of 

geographic localities are due to "monographic bursts" 

(Cooper and Williams, 1952, p. 330). The study, by 

several individuals, of fossils in the same stratigraphic 

division results in the increase of the number of localities for a given species or genus. The same taxon 

may be equally abundant in the adjoining stratigraphic 

unit, but because the fossils were not studied, the taxon 

may appear absent from that unit.

Figure 1 shows graphically the disposition of all 

the Paleozoic species previously assigned to Bairdia. 

Each taxon is given a unit of one in the decade during 

which it was first proposed. The 435 units on the 

graph do not represent all the citations to Bairdia 

because only original assignments are counted. For 

example, Bairdia oMaJiomaensis Harlton, 1927 (= Orthobairdia) was identified by nine subsequent investigators; on this graph it has the weight of one. 

Incorrect identifications are considered as units, and 

each first citation is given the weight of one unit. 

This unit is referred on the graph to its proper grouping. This grouping may be a new species in any of 

the genera here indicated, a synonym of a species in 

one of these genera, a nomen dubium, or the group 

that consists of undetermined genera and genera not 

discussed in this revision.

A Russian publication, Posner (1951), became available after this study was completed. The 13 species 

of Bairdia from Russia are incorporated in the report, 

but not in figure 1.

Although dealing with the species that were referred 

to a single genus, this graph reflects the history of the 

study of upper Paleozoic Ostracoda. The genus 

Bairdia was described in 1844, but in 1830 Miinster 

described three species in Cythere that were later referred to Bairdia; consequently, the history of the 

genus commences with the 1826-1835 decade. Each 

peak on the graph reflects the interest of one or more 

individuals who dominated the field at that time, but 

whose studies were supplemented by the work of other 

investigators. The first peak, 1846-95, can be attributed to the enthusiasm of Prof. T. Rupert Jones, 

of England, who collaborated with several investigators 

including James W. Kirkby 011 upper Paleozoic forms, 

with H. B. Holl on lower Paleozoic forms, and with 

G. S. Brady, C. D. Sherborn, and others on postPaleozoic forms. The small peak in the decade 1906- 

16 reflects the efforts of E. O. Ulrich, U.S. Geological 

Survey, whose work in collaboration with R. S. Bassler 

was mainly on lower Paleozoic forms, and G. H. Girty, 

also of the U.S. Geological Survey.

The last three decades reflect in part the influence 

of Bassler and Kellett's Bibliographic index of Paleozoic Ostracoda, published in 1934. Four teachers, 

only one of whom published a short paper on ostracodes (Moore, 1929), influenced the study of ostracodes 

in the United States. They are J. J. Galloway, of 

Columbia and Indiana Universities; the late E. B. 

Branson, University of Missouri; R. C. Moore, University of Kansas; and W. H. Shideler, Miami University, Ohio. They encouraged the study of ostracodes for dissertations. These were augmented 

beginning in 1928 by the works of H. N. Coryell and 

his students at Columbia University, Carey Croneis 

and his students at Chicago University, H. W. Scott 

and his students at the University of Illinois, Mrs. 

Betty Kellett Nadeau, Washington University, St. 

Louis, Mo., F. M. Swartz and his students at the 

Pennsylvania State University, Robert Roth, B. H. 

Harlton, and C. L. Cooper.

The graph (fig. 1) should be compared with the 

cumulative curves showing the rate of production of 

new genera, species, and papers on Paleozoic ostracodes 

up to 1940 (Cooper, 1942, p. 765). Levinson's hystograms (1957, figs. 1-4) that show the number of 

papers, number of new genera, the stratigraphic distribution of new genera from 1950-56, and the number 

of species of ostracodes 1953-56 indicate the current 

rate of study. The Catalogue of Ostracoda, 12 volumes 

of which have already been issued by Ellis and 

Messina, American Museum of Natural History, N. Y., 

will probably assist the study of Ostracoda in the 

same mainier that the Catalogue of Foramiiiifera has 

assisted in the study of Foramiiiifera.

PUXCHED CARDS

More than 200 species of Paleozoic age have been 

assigned to the genus Bairdm. This plus the fact 

that many of the species have been repeatedly cited 

posed a problem of handling this voluminous information. The application of punched card technique 

(Casey and Perry, 1951) to the analysis of this group 

proved to be practical.

A punched card system is a mechanical device for 

the rapid extraction of any common factor from a 

mass of data. This is accomplished by the use of 

specially prepared cards that have holes about 3mm in 

diameter punched about 2mm from the edge on all 

four sides. The upper right hand corner of each card 

is truncated for uniform orientation. The size of the 

card and the distance between the holes depend on the 

particular purpose for which the card is designed. 

Each hole is assigned a given value, and information 

is coded 011 the card by notching away the paper 

between the hole and the edge.
REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OSTRACODE GENERA

EXPLANATION

[\\S^ Bairdia, including new species

%%% Species referred to Cryptobairdia

B888 Species referred to Rectobairdia

[IJIJjjJI Species referred to Orthobairdia

\ +++ \ Species referred to Pustulobairdia

fc"?| Species referred to Bairdiacypris

\\\\\\\\ Species referred to Fabalicypris

H Species referred to Bairdiolites

I"* * »| Species referred to Riskona

|'AVJ Species referred to Bekena

£»"<! Species referred to undetermined

genera or to genera not discussed

in this paper

|X;X;.j Species referred to as nomina dubia

and sp. indet.

1 | Species considered as synonyms 

of species of the above genera

3

B2 Numbers above bar indicates total 

1 species described. Numbers on

right indicate species in each

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1826-35 1836-45 1846-55 1856-65 1866-75 1876-85 1886-95 1896-1905 1906-15 

DECADE OF DESCRIPTION

1916-25 1926-35 1936-45 1946-55 Years

FIGURE 1. Number and disposition of original assignments of species or citations previously referred to Batr<Ma.
PALEOZOIC SPECIES OF BAIRDIA AND RELATED GENERA

After the cards have been punched, every factor can 

be rapidly extracted by inserting a sorting needle into 

the proper hole and removing all the cards on which 

that factor was not punched out. Instructions for 

efficient use are given in manuals prepared by manufacturers of card punching and sorting equipment and 

in Casey and Perry (1951).

The following 64 features were coded:

1. Dorsal outline parallel

2. Dorsal outline convex

3. Anterior outline thick

4. Anterior outline thin

5. Dorsal margin straight

6. Dorsal margin curved

7. Anterior margin pointed

8. Anterior margin rounded

9. Anterior point or break in curvature above midheight

10. Anterior point or break in curvature at approximate midheight

11. Anterior point or break in curvature below midheight

12. Dorsoposterior margin equals about one-half the greatest 

length

13. Dorsoposterior margin equals about one-third the greatest 

length

14. Dorsoposterior margin equals about one-fourth the greatest length

15. Dorsoposterior margin straight 

1G. Dorsoposterior margin convex

17. Dorsoposterior margin concave

18. Posterior point above midheight

19. Posterior point approximately at midheight

20. Posterior point below midheight

21. Posterior point in ventral quarter of greatest height

22. Available data for right valve

23. Available data for left valve

24. Available data for carapace

25. Greatest length 1 mm or longer

26. Greatest length 0.75-1.0 mm

27. Greatest length less than 0.75 mm

28. Greatest length unknown

29. Ventral margin straight

30. Ventral margin curved

31. Bottom flat

32. Bottom curved

33. Surface smooth

34. Surface ornamented (punctate, spine, wing, ridge, swelling)

35. Specimen is probably an internal cast

36. Greatest width anterior to midlength

37. Greatest width at approximate midlength

38. Greatest width posterior to midlength

39. Localities in North America

40. Localities in Europe

41. Localities in Asia

42. Localities in Africa

43. Localities in Australia

44. Localities in South America

45. Overlap reversed (right over left)

46. Ordovician

47. Silurian

48. Devonian undifferentiated

49. Lower Devonian

50. Middle Devonian

51. Upper Devonian

52. Mississippian undifferentiated

53. Kinder hook provincial series or equivalent

54. Osage provincial series or equivalent

55. Meramec provincial series or equivalent

56. Chester provincial series or equivalent

57. Pennsylvanian undifferentiated

58. Morrow provincial series or equivalent

59. Atoka provincial series or equivalent

60. Des Moines provincial series or equivalent

61. Missouri provincial series or equivalent

62. Virgil provincial series or equivalent

63. Permian

64. Post-Paleozoic

Experiments with various combinations of characters 

determined which combinations divide the species most 

readily into natural groups. The features that proved 

most serviceable were used to combine groups of 

species into genera. Keys were constructed for the 

species in each genus. The subject of keys and their 

construction and use are adequately discussed by Mayr, 

Linsley, and Usinger (1953, p. 162-168); Brues, 

Melander, and Carpenter (1954, p. 6-7); and Metcalf 

(1954, p. 38). The last named is recommended as a 

very lucid as well as amusing exposition of the subject.

An indented key was constructed to differentiate 

the genera considered in this study, and dichotomous 

bracket keys were constructed for most of the genera. 

Each type of key has its own advantages. The indented key is preferred where a small number of 

units is involved because related taxa are near each 

other, and therefore may show phylogenetic relationships. It is impractical for large keys because opposing couplets would be separated by a great deal 

of printed matter, and also because each identation 

would reduce the number of words that could be 

written in each line.

Dichotomous bracket keys are more difficult to construct and do not have related taxa near each other, 

but additions can easily be made. Whenever an additional species had to be incorporated into the key, it 

was readily accomplished by following the key to the 

one species having all the characters in common with 

this additional species. The next available number 

was substituted for the name of the species, and a 

new doublet differentiating the two taxa was added 

at the end of the key. This type of key is more 

conservative of space, and, as constructed here, has 

the added advantage that it can easily be read backward from the species to the first dichotomy.

Keys may be difficult to use because of the subjectivity that enters into their composition. Although 

the keys to the species in this paper were made as 

accurate as possible with the information available 

for each species, errors are undoubtedly incorporated.
6 REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OSTRACODE GENERA

Should a specimen key out to an obviously incorrect 

species, it is possible to backtrack through the antecedent doublets given in parentheses, and the place 

where the wrong choice was made located. The user 

of the keys is warned that he travels at his own risk.

Except for an occasional observation interjected into 

the synonymy, most of the species are not formally 

defined. All the synonyms of the species recognized 

as valid in this revision are enclosed by parentheses 

in the keys.

Where the illustration and the description differ, 

more weight is given to the illustration. For example, 

Cooper (1946, p. 42) states that his specimens of 

Bairdia W-akei Harlton have convex ventral margins. 

His photograph (pi. 1, fig. 18) is of a specimen with 

a straight ventral margin. This specimen is here 

relegated to Bairdia sp. R, which is defined in the 

key as having a straight ventral margin. The outlines 

of carapaces can be influenced by the orientation of 

the specimens during photography.

Each reference is followed by stratigraphic data as 

given in the original publication. Consequently the 

formational names used do not necessarily conform 

with the usage of the U.S. Geological Survey. Wilmarth (1938) was used as a guide in citing the geologic 

ranges of species in formations of the United States. 

The locality data is as complete as given in the original 

publication, and these data vary in precision. Data

for foreign localities on the whole are less precise than 

those for American localities. So far as British 

localities are concerned, more precise information is 

available for many of the classical localities (Palaeontographical Society London, 1954). The British 

localities were not converted into the available more 

precise information because of the danger of introducing mistakes by one unfamiliar with British geography.

DEFINITION OP TERMS

Kesling (1951b) defined most of the terminology 

used in describing ostracodes.

The group of ostracodes revised in this paper are, 

with the exception of Ceratobairdia, Pustulobai/rdm, 

and tSpinobairdia, smooth shelled. Smooth-shelled 

species are discriminated on the basis of the shape of 

the various elements that make up the lateral and 

dorsal outlines of the carapace. Figure 2 defines 

these elements.

In addition to the elements illustrated in figure 2, 

the following terms are used in the keys:

Ala. A ventrally located lateral winglike extension of the

valve. 

Commissure. Line of junction of two valves as seen from the

outside (Bradfield, 1935, p. 86). 

Lip. A curved part of the overlapping valve along the ventral

margin that extends over the smaller valve, so that the

ventral commissure is not subparallel to the ventral edge

of the left valve.

da

B

d+da

D

FIGURE 2. Elements of the lateral and dorsal outlines of the Bairdia group. I, greatest length; ft, greatest height; w, greatest width; a, anterior margin; c, dorsal 

commissure; d, dorsal margin; da, dorsoanterior margin; dp, dorsoposterior margin; v, ventral margin; va, ventroanterior margin; up, ventroposterior margin. A, 

lateral outline of Bairdia grahamensis Harlton, 1928 (pi. 1, fig. 16); B, dorsal outline of Bairdia grahamensis Harlton, 1928 (pi. 1, fig. 15); C, lateral outline of Orthobairdia cestriensis (Ulrich), 1891 (pi. 3, fig. 24); D, dorsal outline of Orthobairdia cestriensis TJlrich, 1891 (pi. 3, fig. 25); E, lateral outline of Cryptobairdiaforakerensis 

(Kellett), 1931, (pi. 2, fig. 2).
PALEOZOIC SPECIES OF BAIRDIA AND RELATED GENERA

Pustule. A pimplelike protuberance on the surface of the 

valve.

Ridge. An elongate protuberance on the surface of the valve 

that is steep on both sides.

Shoulder. A ridge that is steep on only one side, the other 

side merging with the valve surface.

Tubules. Coarse tubular pores which open on the internal surface of the valves but do not reach the exterior (Swartz, 

193G, p. 581).

Although the adjectives used to describe these elements are self explanatory, a great deal of subjectivity 

entered in the determination of borderline features. 

A ventral margin that may be "gently curved" to one 

person may be "straight" to another person, or even 

to the same person at a different time.

INTERNAL CASTS

The descriptions of many species of fossil ostracodes 

are based on specimens that are internal casts (steinkerns). Examination of primary types and subsequently figured specimens of upper Paleozoic ostracodes described in 6 publications discloses that in a 

total of approximately 500 citations, 85 species, including 9 type species, are based on internal casts; 

and an additional 34, including 1 type species, are 

probably based on internal casts. Genera based on 

such species are valid, but unless they are recognized 

as internal casts, these genera can become receptacles 

for unrelated and frequently unidentifiable species. 

This fact hinders phylogenetic and stratigraphic 

studies.

In order to determine criteria for distinguishing 

between actual caraprces and internal casts, the calcareous shells of filled carapaces of several genera were 

dissolved in dilute acid and the resulting casts examined. Polished sections of carapaces and of the 

artificially created internal casts also were studied. 

The following are some criteria for recognition derived from this preliminary study:

1. On a pair of closed valves, the hinge line and the 

ventral and end margins have a fine groove where 

the two valves meet. Internal casts either are smooth 

along their perimeters or have one or more grooves 

or a ridge that reflect structures on the interior of the 

valves (pi. 6, figs. 7, 12, 13).

2. The infilling of the vestibule will project as a 

thin lamina on steinkerns (Sylvester-Bradley, 1950, 

p. 756, footnote 1) (pi. 6, figs. 7, 11).

3. Polished surfaces and thin sections through a 

carapace usually show both the outer and the inner 

sides of the shell wall (pi. 2, figs. 29, 30; pi. 3, fig. 28; 

pi. 5, figs. 12, 26). If the shell is not discernible, the 

specimen is probably an internal cast.

4. Muscle scars, either as elevations or depressions, 

on the outside of the fossil may reflect internal 

structures.

5. Glassy surface textures usually indicate internal 

casts or specimens from which one or more layers of 

shell have been peeled.

Many specimens of frilled, ridged, and spinose 

ostracodes have internal casts with replicas of those 

structures (compare pi. 6, fig. 7 with fig. 9). Other 

specimens that have surface ornaments leave smooth 

casts that differ markedly from the carapace (pi. 6, 

figs. 1, 4, 5). The identity of many of these species 

might be demonstrated by the application of the 

artificial cast technique to topotype material.

DISCRIMINATION OF SPECIES

Kellett (1934, p. 123) listed the following morphologic criteria of specific value in Bairdia; these are 

here adopted also for the related genera:

1. Position of the anterior and posterior ends in relation to 

the midheight of the valve.

2. General shape in outline.

3. Shape of the extremities.

4. Amount and character of the dorsal overlap and overreach.

To these might be added the following:

5. Amount and character of ventral overlap.

6. Position of greatest width.

INDIVIDUAL VARIATION

Individuals of the same species should differ from 

each other because of sexual dimorphism (Sohn, 1950a, 

1950b), stages of growth, and stages of evolution.

Sexual dimorphism. To date it has not been possible to establish the sex of Paleozoic species of 

Bairdia, although many ostracode genera exhibit sexual dimorphism. Both males and females were probably present in the group. Whether sexual dimorphism 

was exhibited in the width of the shell, or by any 

other variation, is not known. This relationship is 

presumably hidden in different specific or generic 

names.

Growth stages. Kellett (1934, pi. 15, figs, la-h), 

Bradfield (1935, pi. 7, figs. la-6a), and Marple (1952, 

pi. 133, figs. 6-11) illustrated ontogenetic series of 

species of Bairdia. and Sohn (1954, text fig. 1) illustrated stages of growth in B.1 pruniseminata Sohn, 

the type species of Pustulobairdia n. gen. The lateral 

outlines of the individual specimens vary but little. 

According to Kellett (1934, p. 123) immature molts 

have more pointed ends. It appears reasonable to assume that specimens less than 1 millimeter in greatest 

length are young stages of growth; consequently, 

species based on specimens smaller than 1 millimeter 

are subject to suspicion, and many such names are 

considered as not valid in this revision.
REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OSTRACODE GENERA

Stages of evolution. Living organisms are dynamic; 

they are continually changing both in space (geographic speciation) and in time (geologic speciation). 

Although the concept of an ideal species embraces 

similar individuals within the previously discussed 

limits of variation, it must be recognized that because 

of evolution, there are individuals and populations that 

are transitional between the species and its ancestral 

or descendant stocks. These cannot be assigned with 

any degree of certainty to one or another species.

A similar relationship exists between species within 

a group of genera. Were the entire record of a given 

family known, there would presumably be characters 

in a single species that might fall within the range 

of variation of two or more genera. The assignment 

of these transitional species to a given genus would 

be strictly subjective, in spite of the hypothetical 

availability of all pertinent data. The admittedly 

fragmental information available in this study adds 

to the difficulty. Genera are defined with the understanding that certain species may be transitional between two or more genera and their proper assignment may or may not ever be possible.

MUSCLE SCARS

Kellett (1934, p. 122) described the muscle scar of 

Bairdia as "* * * circular or approximately so, and 

composed of a slightly raised central dot surrounded 

in an irregular manner by other more or less regularly 

shaped elevations * * *." This description is essentially correct for the specimens that she observed 

(1934, pi. 14, fig. 2). Comparison of Kellett's illustrations with those in other publications (Scott, 1944a, 

text figs. 1, 2, 4, 6, 7; Sylvester-Bradley, 1950, figs. 

3-5; Sohn, 1956, figs. 1, 3, 4) indicates a considerable 

variation of this general motif. This fact suggests 

that, the Bairdia plexus may be polyphyletic in origin. 

Sylvester-Bradley (1950, p. 753) quite correctly 

pointed out that many of the older publications are 

not accurate in the illustration of muscle scars. According to Sohn (1954, p. 4) the number, shape, and 

arrangement of individual scars forming the adductor 

muscle scar pattern are suspect as reliable taxonomic 

criteria in Bairdia. Sohn (1956, p. 114) inferred the 

presence of accessory muscle scars in the Pennsylvanian species Bairdia whitesidei Bradfield, 1935 (pi. 1, 

figs. 30, 31).

SURFACE TEXTURE

The genus Bairdia, has generally been considered to 

have a smooth or glassy outer surface, but this is very 

likely due to the manner of preservation. Certain 

specimens have a granulose outer surface (pi. 3, fig. 

27); others show distinct normal pore canals that 

would give pitted texture to the outer surface (pi. 2,

figs. 7, 16). It may be significant that no radial 

pore canals are recorded in Paleozoic species of the 

Bairdia group.

Pokorny (1955) described a very minute reticulated 

structure inside the calcified layer of the outer lamella 

of the Pliocene Candona lobata (Zalanyi), 1929, group. 

He recalled Miiller's (1894, p. 96-98) description of 

areolation caused by a layer of chitinous rods which 

lie in the calcified layer of the outer lamella approximately at an equal distance from both its surfaces. 

This structure may well be represented by the phenomenon exhibited in fortuitous preservation of Paleozoic ostracodes here illustrated (pi. 6, figs. 10, 11). 

These illustrations demonstrate that the shell of at 

least one group, the Kirkbyidae, consisted of several 

layers, one of which is preserved as a honeycomblike 

structure with the walls perpendicular to the shell 

surface. This structure has not been discerned in thin 

sections and polished surfaces of Kirkbyidae (Sohn, 

1954) or other groups including Bairdia and related 

genera that were made during the time of this study. 

It is possible that the surface texture of certain specimens of Bairdia are related to such internal structures.

PALEONTOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE

The International Rules of Zoological Nomenclature 

govern systematic zoology and systematic paleontology. 

The history, meaning, and application of these rules 

have been discussed by Mayr, Linsley and Usinger 

(1953, p. 201-299), who state (p. 201) "Nomenclature 

thus is the 'language' of zoology, and the rules of 

nomenclature are its grammar." The main purpose 

of these rules is to achieve clarity in the recording 

of families, genera and species. This is accomplished 

by the following principles:

1. There cannot be two genera or families in the 

animal kingdom that have the same name.

2. There cannot be two species with the same name 

in one genus.

3. The valid name of a genus or species is that name 

under which it was first designated in conformance 

with the Rules (art. 25).

4. The availability of a name is determined by the 

date of publication and is governed by two conditions: 

Synonymy and homonymy.

SYNONYMY

In zoological nomenclature two or more names that 

refer to the same species, genus, or family are synonyms of each other, and the first published valid name 

of the two has priority. Synonyms may be objective 

or subjective.

Objective synonyms are defined on the generic level 

as two or more names of genera that are based on the
PALEOZOIC SPECIES OF BAIRDIA AND RELATED GENERA 9

same type species (art. 30) : on the specific level, it is 

defined as two or more different names of species that 

are based on the same specimen. Objective synonymy 

is not subject to revision; it is indisputable.

Subjective synonyms are defined on the generic 

level as two or more names of genera that are considered by a specialist to belong to the same genus: 

on the specific level it is defined as two or more different names of species that are considered by a specialist to belong to the same species. Subjective 

synonymy is liable to difference of opinion.

HOMONYMY

In zoological nomenclature two or more different 

species, genera, or families having identical names are 

homonyms of each other. On the specific level, homonymy may be either primary or secondary (objective 

or subjective).

Primary homonymy is defined as the same specific 

names used initially for two distinct species in the 

same genus. The first published valid name has seniority, and any later published names are junior primary 

homonyms and must be replaced by new available 

names, even if the species are transferred to different 

genera.

Secondary homonymy is defined as the same specific 

names originally described in two or more different 

genera, which later were assigned to a single genus. 

Because the assignment of a species to one or another 

genus is a matter of judgment, there may be differences 

of opinion as to the validity of such assignments. The 

first published valid name has seniority. The renaming of junior secondary homonyms depends upon 

certain recommendations and provisions published in 

the bulletin of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. The revised rules are to be 

published at some future date to serve as a standard. 

Until that time, the old rules, except where modified 

by the Copenhagen decisions, are followed.

Only those rules of zoological nomenclature that 

apply to the subject matter in this revision are illustrated by the following examples from the text.

1. Bairdia curta McCoy, 1844 (p. 25). 

The name of the founder of a new species (or genus) 

follows the species (or genus) without any punctuation, and the date of publication, when used, is separated from the founder's name by a comma.

2. Fabalicypris xMdeleri (Delo), 1930 (p. 63). 

Parentheses around the author's name indicate that the 

species was originally assigned to a genus other than 

the one to which it is now assigned. Delo named the 

species sMdeleri and assigned it to Bairdia; the species 

was later transferred to Bairdiacypris, and in this 

paper the species is referred to Fabalicypris.

3. Bairdia caudata Kirkby, 1859 (p. 24). 

This is ambiguous because the citation does not indicate that the taxon was originally described as 

Bairdia plebia caudata Kirkby, 1859. Because article 

11 of the International Kules of Zoological Nomenclature states that specific and subspecific names are of 

equal value from the nomenclatorial standpoint, the 

above citation is proper.

In this paper varietal and subspecific names are 

considered as equal. According to article 11, a varietal 

name is governed by the rules of priority just as 

though it were a specific name. (See also the next 

item.)

4. Cryptobairdia. coinpressa (Kirkby), 1858 (p. 49). 

This species was originally described as Bairdia 

plebia compressa Kirkby, 1858. Because it is transferred to a different genus, Kirkby's name is placed 

in parentheses. Bairdia compressa Geis, 1932, is a 

junior primary homonym, and it requires a different 

name regardless of the fact that Geis' species is here 

referred to Orthobairdia.

5. Bairdia crassa Harlton. Bradfield, 1935 (p. 24). 

This refers to the species that Bradfield identified as 

Bairdia crassa Harlton, 1929, and not to the species 

identified by Harlton or by any other investigator. 

This procedure is not covered by the rules. Some 

investigators would place a comma or a semicolon between Harlton and Bradfield; others use a different 

size of type to distinguish between the two names.

6. Bairdia acuminata Cooper, 1946 (p. 22). 

This name is preoccupied by Bairdia acuminata 

(Alth). Keuss, 1854, and apparently should require 

a new name because the specific name acuminata was 

used by Alth (1850, p. 198) as CytJierina acuminata, 

as indicated by the parentheses around Alth. Keuss 

(1854, p. 139) transferred the species to Bairdia. 

Bairdia acuminata. Cooper, 1946, is a junior secondary 

homonym, but because Alth's species is not a true 

Bairdia and, in fact, is referred to Cytherideis by 

Coryell (written communication), Cooper's name is 

valid.

7. Bairdia angustata Cooper, 1957 (p. 22). 

Jones (1849, p. 26) referred the Cretaceous species 

Cythere angusta Minister, 1830, to Bairdia; therefore 

Bairdia angusta Cooper, 1946, is a junior secondary 

homonym. Because G. angusta is not a true Bairdia, 

Cooper's name is valid. (See item 6.) Bairdia 

angusta Sars, 1866 (Kecent), was recognized by Miiller 

(1912, p. 123) as a junior secondary homonym, and 

although he transferred the species to Macrocypris, he 

renamed it M. sarsi Miiller, 1912. Even though Bairdia 

angusta Sars is now removed from Bairdia and bears 

a different name, Cooper's name is still a junior pri-
10 REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OSTRACODE GENERA

mary homonym of Bairdia angusta Sars; consequently, 

Cooper's species was renamed.

8. Orthobairdia subreniformis (Kirkby), 1859 (p. 

68).

In 1859 Kirkby decided that Bairdia was a subgenus 

of Cythere and rejected Bairdia reniformis Kirkby, 

1859, as a junior secondary homonym of CytJiere 

reniformis Baird, 1835, renaming the species CytJiere 

subreniformis Kirkby, 1859. This species is now referred to Orthobairdia n. gen., and although reniformis 

has priority both in Bairdia and in OrtJiobairdia, 

Kirkby's rejection stands. According to the recommendation of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1950, p. 121), a specific name 

that was rejected prior to 1951 on the ground that it 

was a junior secondary homonym is never to be used 

again for the same species.

9. Bairdia elongatella Sohn, n. name (p. 25). 

CytJiere eJongata Minister, 1830, was referred to Bairdia elongata (Minister), 1830, by Jones and Kirkby 

(1865, p. 408). Consequently, this name makes a 

junior secondary homonym of Bairdia plebia var. 

elongata Kirkby, 1858. Although Minister's name is 

here considered a noinen dubium, Kirkby's variety, 

given in this paper a specific rank, requires a new 

name. This is permitted by a recommendation of the 

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 

(1950, p. 397) that a senior homonym must not be 

ignored solely because it is a nomen dubium; therefore, 

the junior homonym is rejected.

10. Bairdia kellettae Glebovskaya, 1939 (p. 28). 

Bairdia kelletti Glebovskaya was published in 1939, 

but in a paper published by the same author in 1938, 

a different specimen was illustrated as Bairdia cf. B. 

kelletti Glebovskaya. Although the specimen illustrated in 1938 has priority of publication, the name 

kelletti properly belongs with the specimen published 

in 1939. The earlier published specimen is accompanied by a "cf.,v and a provisional identification is 

not a valid description of a species.

The name kelletti^ as stated in the original description, is in honor of Betty Kellett (Mrs. Nadeau), and 

the proper ending should be kellettae (art. 14). This 

correction is mandatory under the Rules of Zoological 

Nomenclature, and was made by Branson, the first 

revisor. It is considered as though it were so published 

in the original description.

11. Bairdia. hyptoconclia Gibson, 1955 (p. 28). 

Bairdia subtilla Gibson, 1955, is here questionably referred to B. JiypsoconcJia. Should subsequent study 

indicate that B. subtifla is a valid species, it would 

require a new name, because it is a junior primary 

homonym of Bairdia subfila Cooper, 1941. The Rules

of Zoological Nomenclature state (art. 35) that specific 

names of the same origin and meaning shall be considered homonyms if they are distinguished from each 

other only by a single or double consonant. Neither 

Cooper nor Gibson indicated the origin and meaning 

of their specific names, but the fact that Gibson stated 

(1955, p. 16) that his B. subtilla bears a close relationship to B. subtHa Cooper suggested that he intended the same meaning.

NEW NAMES FOR HOMONYMS

The following new names are proposed in this paper 

to replace junior homonyms:

Bairdia egorovi for B. symmetrica Egorov, 1953 [not Cooper,

1946]. 

B. elongatella for B. plebia var. elongata Kirkby, 1858 [not

(Miinster), 1830].

B. girtyi for B. attenuata Girty, 1910 [not Brady, 1880]. 

OrtJiobairdia kirki for Bairdia compressa Geis, 1932 [not B.

plebia var. compressa Kirkby, 1858]. 

Cryptobairdia contractella for Bairdia hisingeri var. contracta

Jones and Kirby, 1895 [not Jones, 1857]. 

Rcctobairdia posneri for B. atigiilata Posner, 1951 [not Brady,

1870a].

HOMONYMS NOT RENAMED

The following junior homonyms are not renamed in 

this paper because they are here considered either as 

junior synonyms or as nomina dubia or were not seen:

Cythere (Bairdia) acuta Jones, 1850 [not Cythere acuta Cornuel, 1844] = nomen nudum. 

Bairdia marginata Harlton, 1929 [not Richter, 1867] = B. arahamensis Harlton, 1928. 

B. moorei Knight, 1928 [not (Jones). Issler, 1908] =B. beedei

Ulrich and Bassler, 1906. 

Cytherina ovata Eichwald, 1857 [not B. ovata Bosquet, 1854]

was not seen. 

Bairdia sinuosa Cooper, 1941 [not Morey, 1936] == lOrthobairdia cestriensis (Ulrich), 1891. 

B. spinosa Polenova, 1952 [not Cooper, 1946] = Rectobairdia

tikhyi (Polenova), 1952. 

B. tumida Upson, 1933 [not Kurnnierow, 1928] = B. crassa

?Harlton, 1929.

The following names are junior homonyms of species 

that are either living or from post-Paleozoic rocks. 

They are not renamed because the younger species were 

not included in this study. The possibility of available 

synonyms makes it desirable not to rename them at 

present.

Bairdia affinis Terquern, 1885 [not Morris, 1845]. 

B. affinis Brady, 1886 [not Terquem, 1885, and not Morris,

1845]. 

B. arcuata gracilis Bosquet, 1854 [not Bairdia aracilis McCoy,

1844].

B. brevis Lienenklaus, 1900 [not Jones and Kirkby, 1879]. 

B. elongata Lienenkiaus, 1900 [not (Miinster), 1830 and not

Kummerow, 1924].

B. laevigata Egger, 1910 [not (Eichwald), 1857]. 

B. rJwmboidea Jones and Sherborn, 1889 [not Kirkby, 1858]. 

B. subcylindrica Sandberger, 1866 [not (Miinster), 1830].
PALEOZOIC SPECIES OF BAIRDIA AND RELATED GENERA 11

COLLECTION LOCALITIES

The following are the f ossiliferous localities at which 

collections were made of the fossils discussed here.

U.S. Geological Survey localities

5550A green.1 Limestone at bottom of the Fayetteville shale 

or top of the cherty limestone, NW^NW^ sec. 27, T. 17 

N., R. 29 W., Fayetteville quadrangle, Washington 

County, Ark. Collected by F. W. Simonds, date unknown.

5553 green. Fayetteville shale, Webber Mountain, NW^NW1/! 

sec. 4, T. 17 N., R. 29 W., Fayetteville quadrangle, Washington County, Ark. Collected by R. D. Mesler, 1906.

7698 green. Salem limestone, quarries at Stineville, Monroe 

County, Ind. Collected by Elliott Marshall for G. H. 

Girty.

5882 blue. Florena shale, first railroad cut west of Strong 

City, Cottonwood Falls quadrangle, Kans. Collected by 

G. H. Girty and P. V. Roundy, Sept. 26, 1925.

6599 blue. Union Dairy member of Hoxbar formation, Carter 

County, Okla. (See Sohn, 1954, p. 3 for description.)

6728 blue. Labette shale, St. Louis County, Mo. Topotype 

collection of Knight's 1928 loc. 38. (See Sohn, 1954, p. 3, 

for description.)

10890 blue. Helms shale, 5 ft below limestone bed 9, sec. "C" 

West Texas Geol. Soc. Field Trip May-June, 1946. 

Saddle on top of hill 2% miles west of Powwow Tanks, 

approximately %-% mile north of US Highway 62, El 

Paso quadrangle, El Paso County, Tex. Collected by 

C. C. Branson, November 1949.

12844 blue. Shetlerville member of Renault formation, Downeys Bluff section, shale in cliff above pump house, NW1^ 

SW14 sec. 5, T. 13 S., R. 8 E., Hardin County, 111. 

Collected by D. B. Saxby and I. G. Sohn, May 18, 1954.

12845 blue. Devils Kitchen member of Deese formation (Tomlinson, 1930), Bradfield's loc. 68, about 150 ft southeast 

of NW. cor. sec. 4, T. 6 S., R. 2 E., Love County, Okla. 

Collected by C. A. Miller, March 1951.

12846 blue. Devils Kitchen member of Deese formation,

slightly to the east of the above locality. Collected by

C. A. Miller, March 1951. 

12857 blue. Salem limestone, quarries at Stineville, Monroe

County, Ind. Collected by Elliott Marshal for G. H.

Girty.

U.S. National Museum locality

472c. Henryhouse formation, from 10 ft of silty yellowishgray calcareous shale, 61 ft above base of section, Chimneyhill Creek and bluff to north, center E%SEi4 sec. 5, 

and NW%SW}4 sec. 4, T. 2 N., R. 6 E., 7 miles south 

of Ada, Pontotoc County, Okla. Section measured and 

collected by W. E. Ham, A. R. Loeblich, Jr., and H. A. 

Lowenstam, May 7, 1947.

SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS 

KEY TO THE GENERA

The features used in the following key are shown in 

the illustrations cited in parentheses.

1 Both "green" and 'blue" have been used after U.S. Geological Survey 

locality numbers, referring to the color of the labels that identify the 

master catalog from which these localities are quoted, but currently 

only "blue" labels are used in the catalog of upper Paleozoic localities.

la. Left valve does not overlap on both dorsal and ventral 

margins; right valve overlaps on dorsal; left valve 

overlaps on ventral (pi. 4, fig. 20). 

2a. Dorsal margin straight or nearly straight

Samarella (p. 80) 

2b. Dorsal margin curved__---._ ....--...--Rishona (p. 79)

Ib. Left valve overlaps on both dorsal and ventral margins

(pi. 1, fig. 12). 

2a. Carapace smooth, without spines, strong ridges, alae

or pustules. 

3a. Sides in dorsal outline curved (pi. 1, fig. 28).

4a. Dorsal margin of larger valve convex in lateral outline (pi. 1, fig. 29, text fig. 2a). 

5a. Posterior pointed or bluntly pointed (pi. 1, figs.

12, 29).

6a. Dorsoanterior margin distinct (pi. 1, fig. 27)

Bairdia (p. 12)

6b. Dorsoanterior margin not distinct (pi. 2, 

fig. 2}---------------------Cryptobairdia (p. 47)

5b. Posterior round (pi. 6, fig. 31).

6a. Greatest width equal to or greater than greatest 

height (pi. 5, figs. 10, 11). 

7a. Cross section round.

8a. Without shoulders or grooves

Tubulibairdia (p. 74)

8b. With horizontal shoulder and groove on 

dorsal half of larger valve (text fig. 15)

Pachydomella (p. 76)

7b. Cross section angular, larger valve with 

horizontal ridge below midheight, smaller valve 

with or without horizontal ridge below midheight 

(text fig. 14)....---.______-Phanassymetria (p. 76)

6b. Greatest width less than greatest height. 

7a. Ventral margin concave (pi. 4, fig. 2)

Silenites (p. 72)

7b. Ventral margin straight, convex or sinuous. 

8a. Ends in dorsal outline evenly convex

Bairdiocypris (p. 83)

8b. Ends in dorsal outline concave (pi. 6, 

figs. 23, 30).........................B^tena (p. 81)

4b. Dorsal margin of larger valve straight or very gently 

curved so that it is flattened in lateral outline 

(pl. 2, fig. 4). 

5a. Posterior pointed (pl. 2, fig. 3)

Rectobairdia (p. 52) 

5b. Posterior blunt (pl. 3, fig. 4).

6a. Ventral overlap smooth (pl. 3, fig. 3)

Bairdiacypris (p. 57)

6b. Ventral overlap with anterior steplike offset 

(pl. 3, figs. 6, 9)---.---.-----Fabalicypris (p. 60)

3b. Sides in dorsal outline straight (pl. 3, fig. 25)

Orthobairdia (p. 65)

2b. Carapace with spines, strong ridges, alae or pustules. 

3a. Surface with pustules, without spines, ridges or 

a\ae-----.-------.----.------Pustulobairdia (p. 69)

3b. Surface without pustules.

4a. Surface with spines and alae.

5a. One spine on lateral surfaces of each valve, 

ventrolateral alae absent (pl. 6, fig. 19)

Spinobairdia (p. 81)

5b. One or more spines along dorsal margin of larger 

valve, ventrolateral alae on both valves (pl. 3, 

fig. 32).------------------Ceratobairdia (p. 69)

4b. Surface with two curved ridges subparallel to end 

margins,____________________ Bairdiolites (p. 69)
12 REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OSTRACODE GENERA

Family BAIRDIIDAE Sars, 1887 

Genus BAIRDIA Me Coy, 1844

Brairdia McCoy, 1842 [nomen nuduin], in Griffith, Richard, 

1842, Notice respecting the fossils of the Mountain Limestone of Ireland: p. 22.

Bairdia McCoy, 1844, A synopsis of the characters of the Carboniferous limestone fossils of Ireland: p. 164.

Type species. Subsequently designated by Ulrich 

and Bassler, 1923, p. 320, Bairdia, curta McCoy, 1844. 

A synopsis of the characters of the Carboniferous 

limestone fossils of Ireland, p. 164, pi. 23, figs. 6a, b. 

Mountain limestone, Carboniferous, Ireland.

Diagnosis. Smooth asymmetrical ostracodes; end 

margins acuminate, posterior more pointed. Dorsal 

margin convex; ventral margin curved to straight; 

dorsoanterior and dorsoposterior margins straight to 

curved. Dorsal outline subelliptical, ends always narrow. Left valve larger, overlaps along dorsum, posterodorsal margin, and venter where "lip" may be 

present. Duplicature broad, adductor muscle scar 

slightly anterior and below center of valve, circular, 

consists of rosette of individual scars.

Discussion. As previously pointed out (Sohn, 1954, 

p. 4; Howe, 1955, p. 13) over 600 species from Ordovician to Recent in age have been assigned to this 

genus. Only Paleozoic representatives of this group 

are discussed in this paper. Criteria for discrimination of species as well as hinge structure and growth 

series were admirably discussed by Kellett (1934, p. 

121-123). Two distinct groups have been described 

one with convex sides in dorsal outline and the other 

with parallel sides in dorsal outline. Both types may 

be present in the same collection. The possibility that 

this difference reflects sexual dimorphism is ruled out 

by the presence of small individuals of both types. 

These, because of size, probably represent instars 

younger than the adult-1, at which stage secondary 

sexual characters are developed in living ostracodes 

(Kesling, 1951a, p. 235).

The type species, B. curta McCoy, 1844, is believed 

to have convex sides in dorsal outline. So far as is 

known, none of the post-Paleozoic species assigned 

to Bairdia has parallel sides in dorsal outline. This 

parallel-sided group is defined as a new genus, OrtJioftairdia, in this paper.

Jones (1849, p. 22) considered Bairdia as a sub- 

_ genus of Cythere and continued to regard it as such 

up to 1879 when he (Jones and Kirkby, 1879, p. 566) 

elevated it to generic status. Warthin (1930, p. 68, 

73) considered Bairdianetta Harlton, 1929 (type species 

by original designation B. eUgans Harlton, 1929b, 

p. 160, pi. 4, fig. 5) and Bairdia s. s. as subgenera of 

Bairdia. Bairdianetta is based on a steinkern and is 

not recognized in this study.

Pokorny (1950, p. 34, 97) described the subgenus 

Varicobairdia, (type species by original designation 

Bairdia (Varicol>airdia) kettneri Pokorny, 1950, (p. 

546 (34), 610 (98), pi. 2, figs. 6a-d) for species with 

thickened anterior and posterior ends. Varicoftairdia 

is a valid genus in the Ropolonellidae, and is illustrated (pi. 1, figs. 1-3) but not treated in this paper.

Lithology. Shale, limestone, and sandstone.

Habitat. Restricted to marine sediments. Depth 

range unknown; according to Craig (1954, p. Ill), 

the Paleozoic genus Bairdia, was a mud dweller.

STRATIGRAPHIC RANGE

The recorded stratigraphic range of the genus 

Bairdia is from Ordovician to Recent (Scott, 1944, 

p. 159); from the Carboniferous to Recent, and perhaps even from the lower Paleozoic (Sylvester-Bradley, 1950, p. 756); from Ordovician (?) to Recent 

(Howe, 1955, p. 13). Sohn (1954, p. 4) suggested 

that many of the post-Paleozoic species assigned to 

Bairdia belong to several distinct genera. A revision 

of the post-Paleozoic species assigned to this genus 

is outside the scope of this paper and would require a 

more complex study than the one undertaken. One 

of the difficulties inherent in such a study is the correlation of the neontological criteria, based partly on the 

soft parts of the animal and partly on the shell 

morphology. The paleonthological criteria are based 

wholly on shell morphology.

The principle that fossil arthropods cannot be assigned to biologically established families and genera 

of living arthropods (Tasch, 1956, p. 1251) may be 

expanded to include the reverse. Living ostracodes 

cannot be directly assigned with any degree of certainty to genera based on fossil species. This degree 

of certainty of such assignments is inversely proportional to the geologic age of the type species.

The fact that the type species, Bairdia curta McCoy, 

1844, is of Paleozoic age adds to the complexity of the 

problem. Miiller (1894, p. 267, 268) discussed living 

species of Bairdia and stated that the posterior half 

of the ventral margin of one or both valves is denticulate. He stated (1894, p. 268) that this criterion holds 

only for those species that he investigated. He noted 

that Brady (1880) illustrated many species that are 

not denticulated and suggested that the denticulations 

either had broken away or had been overlooked by 

Brady. None of the Paleozoic species of Bairdia s. 1. 

has a denticulated ventroposterior margin. Brady 

(1880, p. 49) stated that out of 23 species discussed 

in his paper, only one, Bairdia vittosa Brady, 1880, 

contained appendages. The shape of this species 

(Brady, 1880, pi. 8, figs. 4a-f) excludes it from 

Bairdia s. s.
PALEOZOIC SPECIES OP BAIRDIA AND RELATED GENERA 13

The living species of Bairdia as conceived by 

Miiller and subsequent workers and the post-Paleozoic 

fossil species referred to Bairdia are very likely not 

congeneric with the Paleozoic species of Bairdia McCoy, 1844, and require one or more new genera for 

their reception. Nesidea Costa, 1849, has been used 

for post-Paleozoic and living species of Bairdia by 

several students, including Kuiper (1918, p. 14), Doeglas (1931, p. 35), Mehes (1936, p. 15), and Tressler 

(1949, p. 342; 1954, p. 433). Costa defined the type 

species, N. hirta Costa, 1849, as having no eyes and 

as having six sets of legs (1849, p. 183, pi. 4, fig. 2). 

The absence of eyes eliminates this species from the 

Podocopa; the six sets of legs and the shape of the 

shell suggest that N. hirta Costa, 1849, is not an 

ostracode. Costa's original figure is reproduced as 

fig. 3.

It is impossible to obtain topotype material from 

which Nesidea hirta was described because the type 

locality, Grotto of the Lazaretto of Nisida, has in the 

last hunderd years been completely filled in, and is 

now dry land. 1

Additional genera can and should be erected for 

post-Paleozoic species currently referred to Bairdia. 

Criteria for separating the groups are carapace shape, 

hingement, denticulate margins, presence of ventroterminal loculae, such as illustrated for Cretaceous 

species by Van Veen (1934, pis. 7, 8) and the Paleozoic 

genus Ceratobairdia by Sohn (1954, pi. 2, fig. 19), 

combined with the soft anatomy of living species.

Ceratobairdia and the new genera in this paper are 

based on species previously assigned to Bairdia. The 

following additional genera have type species that were 

originally described as Bairdia:

Genera based on species described as Bairdia 

Bythocypris Brady, 1880, Bairdia bosquetiana Brady, 1866

(Recent). 

Cyamocytheridea Oertli, 1956, Bairdia punctatella Bosquet,

1852 (Oligocene-M iocene). 

Haworthina Kellett, 1935, Bairdia bulleta Harris and Lalicker,

1932 (Permian). 

Hungarella Mehes, 1911, Bairdia"! problematica Melies, 1911

(Triassic?). 

Monsmirabilia Apostolescu, 1955a, Bairdia perforata Bosquet,

1850 (Eocene), [now M. subovata Apostolescu, 1955b]. 

Pontocyprella Mandelstam fide Liubimova and Chaborova, 1955,

Bairdia Jiarrisiana Jones, 1849 (Cretaceous). 

Potamocypris Brady, 1870, Bairdia fulva Brady, 1868 (Recent). 

Protoargilloecia Mandelstam fide Liubimova and Chaborova,

1955, Bairdia siliqua var. minor Jones and Hinde, 1890

(Jurassic).

Although the recorded stratigraphic range of this 

genus is Ordovician to Recent, this study reveals that 

only 2 American and 10 foreign species of pre-Middle

1 Letter from Dr. L. H. Kleinholtz, Naples, Italy, June 17, 1952, to 

Dr. Waldo L. Schmitt, U.S. Natl. Mus.

Devonian age were assigned to Bairdia. All these 

species are here removed from Bairdia, as follows:

Bairdia anticostiensis Jones, 1890 = Krausella anticostiensis 

(Jones), 1890, fide Bassler and Kellett (1934, p. 165) ; 

(see "Species assigned to genera not described in this 

paper").

B.f browniana Jones, 1874, Geol. Mag., dec. 2, v. 1, p. 511, text 

fig. 1. Silurian, Scotland. According to Jones' original 

description this species is based on an internal cast, the 

description and illustration of which suggest that it is 

not a Bairdia. Its proper generic relation is not determinable, and it is referred here as a nomen dubium.

B.I cuneata (Steusloff), 1894. Kummerow, 1924, Preuss. Geol. 

Landesanstalt, Jahrb. 44, p. 435, pi. 21 figs. 17a-c. Ordovician, Germany. Referred to Steuslaffina Teichert, 

1937; by Teichert (1937, p. 120).

B. elongata Kummerow, 1924 [not (Miinster), 1830; not Lienenklaus, 1900], Preuss. Geol. Landesanstalt, Jahrb. 44, 

p. 435, pi. 21, fig. 16. Silurian, Germany. Rounded 

posterior excludes this species from Bairdia. This is a 

junior homonyn that requires a new name.

B. griffithiana Jones and Holl, 1868, Annals Mag. Nat. History, 

ser. 4, v. 2, p. 58, pi. 7, figs. lOa, b. Ordovician, Ireland. 

Probably a cast of an indeterminate genus. The illustration (fig. lOa) suggests a ventrolateral ridge or rim 

(?), on the lateral outline which excludes this species 

from Bairdia.

B.I micra Opik, 1937, Tartu Univ. Soc. Rebus Nat. Invest., 

Annales, v. 43, p. 119, pi. 3, figs. 27-29. Ordovician, 

Estonia. The shape is like a Recent Candona, which 

removes it from Bairdia, its generic placement is unknown.

B. murchisoniana Jones and Holl, 1868, Annals Mag. Nat. History, ser. 4, v. 2, p. 58, pi. 7, figs. 9a, b. Ordovician, 

Ireland. Probably A cast of an indeterminable genus. The 

illustration (fig. 9a) suggests ventrolateral ridge or rim. 

The rounded posterior removes this species from Bairdia.

B. phillipsiana Jones and Holl, 1869, Annals Mag. Nat. History, 

ser. 4, v. 3, p. 213, pi. 14, figs. 7a-c. Silurian, England 

and Germany. Jones and Kirkby (1886, p. 250) refer 

this species to Bythocypris Brady, the illustrations suggest that this species belongs to the same undescribed 

genus as the species with curved hinge lines referred to 

Bairdi&oypris Kegel.

B. planoconvexa Coryell and Williamson, 1936, Am. Mus. 

Novitates no. 870, p. 7, pi. fig. 13. Silurian, Indiana. 

The holotype (AMNH 24502) is a steinkern of an unidentifiable species of possibly Camdenidea Swain, 1953 

(pi. 6, figs. 14-16).

B. protracta Eichwald, 1860, Leth. Ross., p. 1338, pi. 52, fig. 19. 

Silurian, Russia. The illustration shows the right valve 

overlapping the left along the dorsum and the left overlapping the right along the venter; this suggests that 

this species probably belongs to Rishona n. gen.

B. salteriana Jones and Holl, 1868, Annals Mag. Nat. History, 

ser. 4, v. 2, p. 58, pi. 7, figs, lla, b. Ordovician, Ireland 

and Wales. Lateral outline excludes this species from 

Bairdia.

B. tumida Kummerow, 1928, Preuss. geol. Landesanstalt, Jahrb. 

1927, v. 48, p. 42, pi. 2, figs. 18a, b. Silurian, Germany.
14 REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OSTRACODE GENERAFIGURE 3. -Nesidea Costa, 1849, reproduction of Costa (1849, pi. 4) original plate, 

figs. 8-10 removed. Miss Iris Tomasulo, librarian, U.S. Geological Survey, 

assisted in translating the explanation.

1. Nesidea of natural size, simple outline.

2. The same, very much enlarged, as seen through the microscope, with the parts 

that naturally remain outside the carapace, a, the antenna; 6, the three 

right anterior legs; c, three right posterior legs.

3. One of the posterior legs enlarged. B, femor to which attach the succeeding 

segments; C, hip with its internal muscle fibers.

Fig. 18b is a lateral view of an Apurcliites-Yike ostracode; fig. 18a, stated to be a dorsal view, is unrecognizable.

4. Antenna, external view, same enlargement. 3, its basal articulation; / and 

2, bundles of hairs.

5. Mouth apparatus, a, sucking part; 6, median antennae or pediform palps; c, 

first pair of masticatory appendages.

6. Ventral view seen under the microscope, a, opening of the genetive organs; c, 

horny plate rising along the median line; b, single-spine d pediform append 

ages; d, minor other two spined appendages.

7. 6, external masticatory feet; c, with the branchial plates; a, extention of said 

plates.

Figure 4 shows the stratigraphic range of Bairdia and 

its allies.
PALEOZOIC SPECIES OF BAIRDIA AND RELATED GENERA 15

PERMIAN

25 MILLION

YEARS

PENNSYLVANIAN

20 MILLION

YEARS

MISSISSIPPIAN 

30 MILLION 

YEARS

DEVONIAN

60 MILLION

YEARS

SILURIAN

35 MILLION

YEARS

ORDOVICIAN

80 MILLION

YEARS

§ 1

BAIRDIA

,

^N

lYPTOBAIRDi

U

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t/j

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1

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>-3

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Cri

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r" c5

r

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FIGURE 4. Stratigrapllic range of Bairdia and the additional genera that are revised in this paper.
16 REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OSTRACODE GENERA

This chart indicates that Bcdrdia s. s. is restricted to 

Paleozoic rocks of Middle Devonian and younger age. 

As here defined, the presence of this genus in rocks 

younger than Paleozoic is questioned.

The time interval for each system is constructed in 

proportion to the estimated approximate length in 

millions of years as given in the following table.

Major divisions of geologic time (after U.S. Geological Survey)

[Terms designating time are in parentheses. Informal time terms early, middle, and late may be used for the eras, and for periods where there is no formal subdivision into 

Early, Middle, and Late, and for epochs. Informal rock terms lower, middle, and upper may be used where there is no formal subdivision of a system or of a series]

Era

Cenozoic

Mesozoic

Paleozoic

System or Period

Tertiary

Cretaceous

Jurassic

Triassic

Permian 2

033 

o §3 2 Pennsylvanian 3

ft § d +3

0 03 eJj Mississippian 4

Devonian

Silurian

Ordovician

Cambrian

Precambrian

Series or Epoch

Recent

Pleistocene

Pliocene

Miocene

Oligocene

Eocene

Paleocene

Upper (Late) 

Lower (Early)

Upper (Late) 

Middle (Middle) 

Lower (Early)

Upper (Late) 

Middle (Middle) 

Lower (Early)

Provincial series recognized in west Texas and southeastern New Mexico

Upper (Late) 

Middle (Middle) 

Lower (Early)

Upper (Late) 

Lower (Early)

Upper (Late) 

Middle (Middle) 

Lower (Early)

Upper (Late) 

Middle (Middle) 

Lower (Early)

Upper (Late) 

Middle (Middle) 

Lower (Early)

Upper (Late) 

Middle (Middle) 

Lower (Early)

Informal subdivisions such as upper, middle, and 

lower, or upper and lower, or younger and older 

may be used locally.

Estimated ages of 

time boundaries in 

millions of years *

1 

_____ 10 

or

 40 

«n

1 O C

1 ^fl

1 °fl

"flrL

- 255 -

01 c

qcf)

430 

510

3.000

1 Age values given are the Holmes "B" time scale points (Holmes, A., 1947, The 

construction of a geological time scale: Qeol. Soc. Olascow, Trans. v. 21, pt. 1, p. 145). 

Dates are rounded to the nearest 5 million years. The errors are unknown, but more 

recent age determinations by various physical methods are in general agreement with 

these values.

2 Wolfcamp, Leonard, Guadalupe, and Ochoa provincial series recognized in west 

Texas and southeastern New Mexico. Formal series subdivisions of the Permian are 

not recognized elsewhere.

s Morrow, Atoka, Des Moines, Missouri, and Virgil provincial series recognized 

in the Midcontinent region.

< Kinderhook, Osage, Meramec, and Chester provincial series recognized in the 

upper Mississippi Valley region.
PALEOZOIC SPECIES OF BAIRDIA AND RELATED GENERA 17

This table is significant in the evaluation of the 

use of ostracodes in the determination of geologic 

age and in correlation of the upper Paleozoic. 

For example, the Mississippian system can be estimated 

to represent 30 million years. This system is divisible 

into four provincial series. The U.S. Geological Survey now places the Kinderhook and Osage series in 

the Lower Mississippian and places the Meramec and 

Chester series in the Upper Mississippian. Let us 

assume as a starting point that the Upper Mississippian lasted twice as long in time as the Lower 

Mississippian; this factor would give a magnitude of 

about 20 million years for the Upper Mississippian. Let 

us further assume that the Chester series was about twice 

as long in time as the Meramec series; this would 

give a duration of about 15 million years for the 

entire Chester provincial series. The Chester series 

is composed of 16 formations (Cooper, 1941, p. 7). 

Although it is recognized that some of these formations may have taken a longer time to be deposited 

than others, for convenience the same length of time 

is assigned to each. The time length of each formation would equal approximately a million years.

Teichert (1956, p. 968) estimated the period of time 

required for the complete replacement by evolution of 

a marine molluscan fauna in a given area to be from 

12 to 20 million years. This approximation is roughly 

in agreement with what is known of the time span 

of several living species of ostracodes. Swain (1955) 

identified 9 species of living ostracodes, 8 of which 

were previously recorded from the upper Miocene and 

1 from the middle Miocene. Although it is pointed 

out that it is hazardous to assign living species to 

fossil forms, the fact that the shells of the living 

individuals cannot be differentiated from shells of 

individuals that lived 12-20 million years ago is important. This is particularly significant because Swain 

dealt with shells that have more surface sculpture 

than Bairdia and related genera.

The above estimates suggest that any faimal differences in ostracodes between formations in the Chester 

series or in the Pennsylvanian system are probably 

due to ecologic rather than evolutionary factors. Age 

determination and correlation of adjacent stratigraphic 

intervals that were of less than 12-20 million years in 

duration are not feasible. The stratigraphic distribution of species shown in figures 5-13 should be interpreted in the light of this discussion.

It is of interest to compare the number of species 

in each of the genera treated that are restricted to the 

stratigraphic divisions, with the number that cross 

stratigraphic divisions, 

these data.

Number of species restricted to stratigraphic divisions and number 

crossing stratigraphic boundaries

Stratigraphic divisions

Permian., . _ ..

Mississippian and Carboniferous (unNumber of species in genera shown

_e 3

1

14

7

13 

3 

2

f,

1

14 

3

12 

10

4

 S 5 

^'§ 

| "a

£ 

11

6 

1 

2

2

5

1

Rectobairdla w t-i 

2 

1

2 

3

9 

2

7 

1

Bairdiacypris ! 

4 

2 

1

4 

2

3 

1

1

.2

a, 

g.

i

1

3 

1 

4 

9

1

3

3

1

 2 3 

^

5.0

o 

«

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O

1 

1

1 

1

1

3

1

53

1§ O 

^O

j|

1

2

1

_53 '"§ 

'5

fJ-.

<J

2

Bairdioliies

1

14

Silenites

1 

2 

1

3 

1

The following table shows

A total of 169 species is restricted to the stratigraphic divisions, and 56 species cross stratigraphic 

divisions. The fact that approximately 75 percent of 

all the species are restricted to the above stratigraphic 

divisions suggests that they are available for age 

determination and stratigraphic correlation for intervals of the above time-stratigraphic units. This conclusion is, of course, provisional because of the unknown factor of inadequate sampling. Additional 

collecting, particularly in rocks that have not been 

thoroughly studied, may show that some of the species 

here recorded as restricted actually cross stratigraphic 

boundaries.

SUMMARY OF BAIRDIA

The genus Bairdia is restricted in this paper to 

Paleozoic species that are smooth and that have curved 

dorsal margins, pointed posteriors, acuminate anteriors, 

and distinct dorsoanterior margins. A total of 70 

species are recognized. Two of these are new, and an 

additional 21 of these are probably new species, but 

are here designated by letters rather than trivial 

names. All the species are discriminated by means 

of a dichotomous bracket key. The stratigraphic 

range and frequency of occurrence of these species 

are shown in figure 5.

Although the stratigraphic range of Bairdia is 

shown in figure 4, the range, chart indicates neither 

the number nor the frequency of occurrence of each 

species. Figure 5, on the other hand, is designed 

to show the numerical distribution of the species in 

stratigraphic units, as well as the number of localities 

in each unit.

The data in this study can be used to construct 

similar charts showing the distribution and frequency 

of occurrence of species within each of the major
3*3.3 

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DEVONIAN

Q. 

Q. 

<D

T3 

T3 

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MISSISSIPPIAN

T3 

T3 

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PENNSYLVANIAN ~D

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CARBONIFEROUS

America) North outside Pennsylvanian and (Mississippian 

T3 

T3 

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NOISIAHH oiozoa^vd: aaoovH^so 
PALEOZOIC SPECIES OF BAIRDIA AND RELATED GENERA 19

systems or parts of systems. The stratigraphic range 

and frequency of occurrence of Bairdia in the Upper 

Pennsylvanian are shown in figure 6.

For the purpose of this chart, the standard section 

of the midcontinent was taken from Cooper (1946, 

p. 16). Stratigraphic data for six species could not 

be determined closer than the series; these species are 

shown as "Virgil (undifferentiated) 1 ' and "Missouri 

(undifferentiated)." The holotype of Bairdia poimpiUoides Harlton, 1928, is described from the Hoxbar formation, and is indicated on the chart as "Upper 

Pennsylvanian (undifferentiated)."" Specimens of this 

species have been identified in the following units: 

Burlingame limestone member of the Bern limestone 

(Virgil series), and Weston, Stanton, lola, Winterset 

formations (Missouri series), as well as Missouri (undifferentiated).

KEY TO BAIRDIA 8. S.

In the following keys, names in parentheses are synonyms.

1. Dorsoposterior margin of larger valve equals one-third 

or more of greatest length___________________ 2

la. Dorsoposterior margin of larger valve equals onequarter of greatest length.__________________ 43

2 (1). Dorsoposterior margin of larger valve equals approximately one-third of greatest length,__________ 3

2a. Dorsoposterior margin of larger valve equals between

one-third and one-half of the greatest length. __ 33

3(2). Anterior pointed..__________________________ 4

3a. Anterior round_______________________________ 17

4 (3). Ventral margin straight--_____________________ 5

4a. Ventral margin curved________________________ 11

5 (4). Anterior point approximately at midheight______ 6

5a. Anterior point above midheight-_-_____________ 8

6(5). Dorsoanterior margin concave __________________ 7

6a. Dorsoanterior margin straight or slightly convex

summa (p. 32)

7 (6). Posterior sharply pointed___-._________ curta (p. 25)

7a. Posterior blunt-.. -_ - _____ sp. A (p. 33)

8 (5a). Greatest length less than twice greatest height

radlerae (p. 31) 

8a. Greatest length twice or more the greatest height.. 9

9 (8a). Greatest length approximately twice greatest 

height ._________________________________ 95

9a. Greatest length more than twice the greatest 

height-.-.__----__-____-_._________-_____ 10

10 (9a). Posterior sharply pointed____________ caudata (p. 24)

lOa. Posterior blunt_---___________________ sp. B (p. 33)

11 (4a). Ventral margin concave_-_____________________ 12

lla. Ventral margin convex________________________ 16

12(11). Ventroposterior margin convex--_______________ 78

12a. Ventroposterior margin straight-.--.___________ 13

13 (12a). Dorsum incised. ____ __._____ sohni (p. 32) 

13a. Dorsum not incised,._________________________ 14

14 (13a). Greatest width about half of the greatest height

sp. C (p. 33) 

14a. Greatest width more than half the greatest height. 15

15 (14a). Posterior blunt________________ seideradensis (p. 32)

15. Posterior pointed____.______ quasisymmetrica (p. 31)

16 (lla). Greatest length less than twice the greatest height. 92 

16a. Greatest length more than twice the greatest height

gibbera (p. 26)

17 (3a). Ventral margin straight----------------------- 18

17a. Ventral margin curved___----_---------------- 24

18 (17). Anterior break in curvature above midheight_.__ 19 

18a. Anterior break in curvature approximately at midheight, ventroposterior margin curved

kansasensis (p. 28) 

19(18). Dorsoanterior margin curved..._____---------_- 20

19a. Dorsoanterior margin straight.--_---_----_--_-- 22

20 (19). Greatest width in the posterior quarter of the greatest 

length_._.__.___-_.-------------- sp. D (p. 33)

20a. Greatest width median.......------------------ 21

21 (20a). Posterior pointed, dorsal overlap of uneven width

sp. L (p. 34) 

21a. Posterior blunt, dorsal overlap of constant width

acuminata (p. 22)

22 (19a). Postdorsal area of right valve inflated

crassa (p. 24), (tumida1?) 

22a. Postdorsal area of right valve not mflated___-___ 23

23 (22a). Ventroanterior margin gently convex, truncated,

anterior pointed____ _ --__ ----- sp. E. (p. 33)

23a. Ventroanterior margin convex, not truncated, anterior

round__-- - __ --- -- ---- - -- 77

24 (17a). Ventral margin concave___________------_-_-_- 25

24a. Ventral margin convex_____-_____-_-----__---_ 29

25 (24). Junction of anterior and dorsoanterior margins above 

midheight- _ _ ___ _ _ _ _ 26

25a. Junction of anterior and dorsoanterior margins at 

approximate midheight-_____ -- -_ - 28

26(25). Dorsoposterior margin concave.------_------_-_ 27

26a. Dorsoposterior margin straight......___________ 84

27 (26). Anterior half higher than posterior half

eifliensis (p. 25) 

27a. Both halves the same height^ __ subfusiformis (p. 32)

28 (25a). Posterior long; greatest width in dorsal outline at 

approximate midlength, greatest length less than 

2 mm____________--__---_-_-__- peracuta (p. 30)

28a. Posterior short; greatest width in dorsal outline 

posterior to midlength, greatest length to 3 mm

asymmetrica (p. 22)

29 (24a). Greatest length more than twice greatest height

sp. F (p. 33) 

29a, Greatest length twice or less the greatest

height., __ 30

30 (29a). Greatest width in dorsal outline in anterior quarter 

of greatest length. __________ submucronata (p. 32)

30a. Greatest width in dorsal outline at midlength.___ 31

31 (30a). Dorsoposterior margin concave.________________ 32

3la. Dorsoposterior margin straight or convex

harltoni (p. 27)

32 (31). Junction of anterior and dorsoanterior margins at 

approximate midheight-_ _______ ___ __ 73

32a. Junction of anterior and dorsoanterior margins above 

midheight _________________________________ 38

33 (2a). Anterior margin pointed....___________________ 34

33a. Anterior margin round____ _____ ___________ 35

34(33). Posterior point below midheight_________ _____ 93

34a. Posterior point above midheight

leguminoides (p. 29), (amplectens, summacuminata) 

35 (33a). Ventral margin straight

grahamensis (p. 26), (deloil, menardensis,

menardvillensisl', marginatal}
20 REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OSTRACODE GENERA

Series

_l 

O

o:

>

[ MISSOURI

>

Formation

(After Cooper, 1946)

LOWER ADMIRE

EMPORIA

WILLARD

BURLINGAME

SCRANTON

HOWARD

SEVERY

TOPEKA

CALHOUN

DEER CREEK

TECUMSEH

LECOMPTON

KANWACKA

OREAD

LAWRENCE

STRANGER

IATAN

WESTON

STANTON

Key 

figure

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

Number of species 

and localities

is

1,

a

i ; ! iMlPlPl

&%$%$?^%&ffl 9

i

HI

a,

i,.

11 1 pi

H

32J33I

I U4|24|33|

£885i88888883888a8

Series

o:

ID 

0

CO 

CO

Formation

VI LAS

PLATTSBURG

BONNER 

SPRINGS

WYANDOTTE

IOLA

DRUM

WESTERVILLE

WINTERSET

SWOPE

HERTHA

BOURBON

VIRGIL

(Undifferentiated)

MISSOURI

(Undifferentiated)

UPPER 

PENNSYLVANIAN

(Undifferentiated*

Key 

figure

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

EXPLANATION

1 i I |32|P|MP|

Number of species 

and localities

^

14J

m

14|p|

»,

33|MP|P|

$5$§§$$88888I 6

1SW

a*

ii

XXXX] o

nr«

5§8888c8888888883 s

11 1

Number of species recorded in indicated formation; 

each square indicates one species ; key figure indicates the formation from which the type species came; MP indicates the type species came 

from the Middle Pennsylvanian, and P indicates 

the type species came from the Permian; a 

blank box indicates that the species are restricted 

to the indicated formation

N

R£$$$$£>&5£5>y 6

umber of localities from which sp« cies are recorded

FIGURE 6. The stratigraphic range and frequency distribution of species in Bairdia in the Upper Pennsylvanian.
PALEOZOIC SPECIES OF BAIRDIA AND RELATED GENERA 21

35a. Ventral margin curved________________________ 36

36 (35a). Ventral margin concave_______________________ 37

36a. Ventral margin convex________________________ 40

37 (36). Posterior point in ventral quarter of greatest height

terebra (p. 32) 

37a. Posterior point at approximate midheight________ 39

38 (32a). Posterior point in ventral third of greatest height

kelleri (p. 28) 

38a. Posterior point in middle third of greatest height. _ 88

39 (37a). Dorsoanterior margin straight______ aculeala (p. 22)

39a. Dorsoanterior margin concave ..subcylindrica (p. 32)

40 (36a). Dorsoposterior margin concave.______ sp. H (p. 34)

40a. Dorsoposterior margin straight or convex_______ 41

41 (40a). Ventroanterior margin straight. kinderhookensis (p. 29) 

41a. Ventroanterior margin convex_________________ 42

42 (41 a). Posterior pointed, _ __________________________ 74

42a. Posterior blunt____________________ hispida (p. 27)

43 (la). Anterior with dorsal hook______________________ 90

43a. Anterior without dorsal hook_ _________________ 44

44 (43a). Ventral margin straight.._____________________ 45

44a. Ventral margin curved._______________________ 57

45 (44). Dorsoposterior margin concave ________________ 46

45a. Dorsoposterior margin straight or convex, ______ 56

46(45). Greatest height more than half the greatest length. 47

46a. Greatest height less than half the greatest length_ _ 50

47 (46). Junction of anterior and dorsoanterior margins above 

midheight- ________________________________ 48

47a. Junction of anterior and dorsoanterior margins at or 

below midheight______________ kansasensis (p. 28)

48 (47). Shoulder on and parallel to dorsal margin of left valve.

rhomboidalis (p. 31) 

48a. No shoulder on dorsal margin of left valve____._ 49

49 (48a). Greatest width approximately equal to greatest height

75 

49a. Greatest width about two-thirds the greatest height

89

50 (46a). Dorsoanterior margin occupies anterior quarter of 

greatest length._____________________ sp. I(p.34)

50a. Dorsoanterior margin occupies anterior third or more 

of greatest length,___________________________ 51

51 (50a). Ventral lip present.__________________________ 52

51a. Ventral lip absent_---_-_____-__----_-_---___- 54

52 (51). Ventroposterior margin straight

pompilioides (p. 30), (subcitriformis) 

52a. Ventroposterior margin convex________________ 53

53 (52a). Angle between dorsoposterior and dorsal margins 

about 40°___-__-----_--_.___ ___ regularis (p. 31)

53a. Angle between dorsoposterior and dorsal margins 

about 50°____---___________-.________--___ 86

54 (5la). Commissure of dorsal overlap angular in lateral view 

dorsal outline subhexagonaL-.____ ___ sp. J (p. 34)

54a. Commissure of dorsal overlap smooth in lateral view, 

dorsal outline subelliptical.__________________ 55

55 (54a). Commissure sinuous at midlength in dorsal view

sp. K (p. 34) 

55a. Commissure smooth at midlength in dorsal view

acuminates, (p. 22).

56 (45a). Greatest height more than half the greatest length

impedere (p. 28) 

56a. Greatest height half or less of the greatest length. _ 80

57 (44a). Ventral margin convex________________________ 58

57a. Ventral margin concave-. ------_-_-____-_-__ 69

58 (57). Dorsoposterior margin curved_________________ 59

58a. Dorsoposterior margin straight- _-__, __________ 66

509584 O 60 -2

59 (58). Dorsoposterior margin convex.____ usatchovae (p. 32) 

59a. Dorsoposterior margin concave ________________ 60

60 (59a). Greatest height half or more greatest length___ _ _ _ 61

60a. Greatest height less than half the greatest length. _ 64 

61 (60). Dorsoanterior margin convex____ hypsoconcha (p. 28),

(subtilla?) 

61a. Dorsoanterior margin concave_.__ _____________ 62

62(61a). Dorsal margin evenly convex__ ________________ 63

62a. Dorsal margin angular___ gibbera (p. 26) (Subamplaf) 

63 (62). Outline of right valve in dorsal view evenly convex

brevis (p. 24)

63a. Outline of right valve in dorsal view fusiform, bulge 

in center_______________________ whitesidei (p. 33),

(bicornis, concavaf, punctalaf) 

64 (60a). Ventral lip present ___________________________ 65

64a. Ventral lip absent-____________________ sp. Q (p. 34)

65 (64). Ventral lip anterior to midlength__ pompilioides (p. 30) 

65a. Ventral lip posterior to midlength, ______ sp. M (p. 34)

66 (58a). Junction of anterior and dorsoanterior margins in 

central third of greatest height-_____________ 67

66a. Junction of anterior and dorsoanterior margins in 

upper third of greatest height. ________ sp. P (p. 34)

67 (66). Posterior point at midheight________ rjabinini (p. 32)

67a. Posterior point below midheight _______________ 68

68 (67a). Posterior point in ventral third of greatest height

hurwitzi (p. 27), (beedei var. inflata?) 

68a. Posterior point in ventral quarter of greatest height

ivanovae (p. 28)

69 (57a). Dorsoposterior margin straight- _______________ 70

69a. Dorsoposterior margin concave________________ 72

70(69). Greatest height half or more the greatest length__ 71

70a. Greatest height less than half the greatest length. _ 76

71(70). Dorsoanterior margin convex_i________ ________ 96

71a. Dorsoanterior margin concave _________________ 97

72 (69a). Dorsoanterior margin straight.-- golcondensis (p. 26) 

72a. Dorsoanterior margin curved__________________ 81

73 (32). Ends in dorsal outline concave-____ citriformis (p. 24) 

73a. Ends in dorsal outline convex________ eleziana (p. 25)

74 (42). Commissure angular at junction of dorsal and dorsoanterior margins.- garrisonensis (p. 25), (eissensisf) 

74a. Commissure smooth at junction of dorsal and dorsoanterior margins-.. _____ ___________ beedei (p. 23),

ciscoensis, conilata, hispida var. altaf, marmorea, 

(samplei, seligif, wrefordensis?)

75 (49). Dorsoanterior margin convex

bradfieldi (p. 23), (dissimilis?) 

75a. Dorsoanterior margin straight or concave--.-.--- 85

76 (70a). Ends symmetrical in dorsal outline_____________ 79

76a. Ends not symmetrical in dorsal outline, posterior 

shorter___-__._________________ naumovae (p. 29)

77 (23a). Thin ridge on lateral surface near and parallel to ventral margin___________-____-_ monstrabilis (p. 29)

77a. No thin ridge on lateral surface...-- angustata (p. 22)

78 (12). Posterior below midheight-___________________ 99

78a. Posterior above midheight------------ egorovi (p. 25)

79 (76). End view narrows towards venter, greatest width at 

midheight-__________ permagna (p. 30), (salemensis)

79a. End view narrows towards dorsum, greatest width 

below midheight----------_---_-_-_ sp. N (p. 34)

80 (56a). Posterior point below midheight-__-_______-___- 91

80a. Posterior point above midheight- _____ sp. S (p. 35)

81 (72a). Dorsoanterior margin convex,______ reussiana (p. 31)

81a. Dorsoanterior margin concave.-.--------_---_-_- 82
22 REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OSTRACODE GENERA

82 (81). Posterior point below midheight

mccoyi (p. 29), (renaultensis) 

82a. Posterior point at above midheight-____________ 83

83 (82a). Posterior point approximately at midheight

pompilioides (p. 30) 

83a. Posterior point above midheight--______ girtyi (p. 26)

84 (26a). Greatest height more than half the greatest length

nalivkini (p. 29) 

84a. Greatest height less than half the greatest length

pseudoglennensis (p. 31)

85 (75a). Posterodorsal slope steep, makes an angle of about 55° 

with dorsal commissure.-.---_______ sp. Q (p. 34)

85a. Posterodorsal slope gentle, makes an angle of about 35° 

with dorsal commissure- ______ __pecosensis (p. 30),

(irionensisf, permiana)

86 (53a). Dorsoanterior margin convex____ matfieldensis (p. 29) 

86a. Dorsoanterior margin straight or slightly concave- 87

87 (86a). Greatest height at approximate midlength

elongatella (p. 25) 

87a. Greatest height posterior to midlength

neptuni (p. 29)

88 (38a). Dorsoanterior margin straight.-_-______ sp. O (p. 34)

88a. Dorsoanterior margin concave.__ grahamensis (p. 26), 

(deloif, menardensis, menardvillensis?, marginata?)

89 (49a). Dorsoanterior margin convex...______ sp. R (p. 123)

89a. Dorsoanterior margin straight or slightly concave. 94

90 (43). Posterior point in central third of greatest height

macdonelli (p. 29) 

90a. Posterior point in lower third of greatest height

kellettae (p. 28)

91 (80). Anterior point above midheight-- tokmovoensis (p. 32) 

91a. Anterior point below midheight__ ______ sp. T (p. 35)

92 (16). Posterior point above midheight__ ___ graciosa (p. 26) 

92a. Posterior point below midheight.-__ pecosensis (p. 30)

93 (34). Dorsoposterior margin arcuate, ventral margin deeply 

concave_____________ _________ sp. G (p. 33)

93a. Dorsoposterior margin gently concave, ventral margin 

very gently concave._________^_____ piscis (p. 30)

94 (89a). Dorsal margin slightly curved.______ verwiebei (p. 32)

94a. Dorsal margin evenly convex.__________ hassi (p. 27)

95 (9). Dorsal margin evenly convex_-_________ galei (p. 25)

95a. Dorsal margin pointed--._______ mandelstarni (p. 29)

96 (71). Posterior pointed________________-___ aperta (p. 22)

96a. Posterior blunt--_-----______.________ sp. U (p. 35)

97 (71a). Greatest concavity in posterior half of dorsoposterior 

margin_____________ _______________________ 98

97a. Greatest concavity in anterior half of dorsoposterior 

margin_______________________ curvirostris (p. 25)

98 (97). Dorsal outline pointed on both ends

nikomlensis (p. 30) 

98a. Dorsal outline blunt on posterior end__ petiniana (p. 30)

99 (78). Posterior point in lowest third of greatest height

leptura (p. 29), (plebia var. caudata?) 

99a. Posterior point in middle third of greatest height

hebeatus (p. 27)

ASSIGNED SPECIES

Bairdia aculeala Cooper, 1957

Bairdia aculeala Cooper, 1957, Jour. Paleontology, v. 31, p. 674.

Bairdia, aculeata Cooper, 1941, Illinois Geol. Survey Rept. Inv. 

77, p. 24, pi. 11, figs. 48, 49. Kinkaid formation, NE% 

SW%NE% sec. 20, T. 12 S., R. 3 E., one-half a mile 

south of Veatch School, Johnson County, 111.

[not! Bairdia aculeata, Bonnema, 1940, Natuurh. Maandbl., 

v. 29, no. 10, p. 108, pi. 3, figs. 9-14. Cretaceous, Holland.

Geologic range. Upper Mississippian.

Bairdia acuminata Cooper, 1946

Bairdia acuminata Cooper, 194G, Illinois Geol. Survey Bull. 70, 

p. 40, pi. 1, figs. 27, 28. Shale in Little Vermilion limestone, SE!/i sec. 36, T. 33 N., R. 1 E., La Salle County, 

111.

Cordell, 1952, Jour. Paleontology, v. 26, p. 82, pi. 17, figs. 

15-1G. Tops of Bonner Springs shale, Hickory Creek 

shale, Vilas shale, and Eudora shale, west side of State 

Highway 169, near top of first hill south of Little Platte 

River bridge, on boundary between sees. 22 and 23, 

about 0.2 the distance from south to north along section 

line, T. 53 N., R. 33 W., southwest edge of Smithville, 

Clay County; 3% ft below top of Farley limestone to 

6 ft above base of Vilas shale, quarry a few hundred 

feet east of State Highway 92, SW^SW^SEi/i sec. 28, 

T. 52 N., R. 55 W., at west end of Farley, Platte County, 

Mo.

1 Bairdia verwiebei Kellett. Cooper, 1946, Illinois Geol. Survey 

Bull. 70, p. 52, pi. 4, figs. 7, 8. Shale above and below 

thin limestone, Newton cyclothem, SW% sec. 33, T. 12 N., 

R. 3 E., Shelby County, 111.

[not] Bairdia acuminata, (Alth). Reuss, 1854, K. Akad. Wiss. 

Denkschr., v. 7, p. 139. Cretaceous; senior secondary 

homonym. (See p. 9, item 6.)

Geologic range. Upper Pennsylvania!!.

Bairdia angustata Cooper, 1957

Bairdia, angustata Cooper, 1957, Jour. Paleontology, v. 31, 

p. 674.

Bairdia angusta Cooper, 1946, Illinois Geol. Survey Bull. 70, 

p. 41, pi. 1, figs. 41-44. Shale between Seville limestone 

beds, SW.4 sec. 32, T. 14 N., R. 2 W., Mercer County, 

111.

[not] Bairdia angusta (Miinster). Jones, 1849, Palaeontogr. 

Soc. London, p. 26, pi. 6, figs. 18a-f. Cretaceous. England = [part] Bytliocypris reussiana Jones and Hinde, 

1890; [part] Pontocypris bosquetia-na Jones and Hinds, 

1890.

[not] Bairdia angusta Sars, 1866, Vidensk.-Selsk., Christiana, 

Forh. 1865, p. 22. Living. = Macrocypris sarsi Miiller, 

1912. (Seep. 9, item 7.)

Geologic range. Middle Pennsylvanian.

Bairdia aperta Polenova, 1952

Bairdia. aperta Polenova, 1952, Microfauna SSSR, pt. 5, p. 133, 

pi. 13, figs. 3a, b. Middle Devonian, Kursk and Veronez 

regions, Russia.

Geologic range. Middle Devonian.

Bairdia asymmetrica Kummerow, 1939

Bairdia ast/mmetrica Kummerow, 1939, Preuss. Geol. Landesanstalt Abh., n.f., no. 194, pt. A, p. 44, pi. 5, figs. 2a-c. 

Lower Vise Co-Si, Ratingen, Rheinland, Germany.

Geologic range. Carboniferous (Upper Mississippian) .
REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OSTRACODE GENERA 23

Bairdia beedei TTlrich and Bassler, 1906

Plate 1, figures 4, 5, 7, 8, 11-14

Bairdia beedei Ulrich anrl Bassler, 1906, U.S. Natl. Mus. Proc., 

v. 30, p. 161, pi. 11, ngs. 19, 20. Cottomvood shale, 2 

miles east of Cottonwood Falls, Chase County, Kans. 

Upson, 1933, Nebraska Geol. Survey Bull. 8, p. 16. pi. 1, 

figs. 4a-c. Middle Funston limestone, upper contact, 

roadcut in U.S. Highway 36, 4 miles east of Home City, 

Marshall County, Kans.

Cooper, 1946, Illinois Geol. Survey Bull. 70, p. 41, pi. 1, figs. 

35-40. Shale in Brereton limestone, SW1/! sec. 9, T. 5 S., 

R. 6 W., Randolph County; weathered lowered part of 

Millersville limestone, NEi/i sec. 28, T. 12 N., R. 1 W., 

Christian County, 111.

Cordell, 1952, Jour. Paleontology, v. 26, p. 83, pi. 18, figs. 

18-20. Six feet below top of Wea shale to 1 ft 6 in 

above base of Westerville limestone, west side roadcut, 

about 200 ft southeast of Polecat Creek bridge, 3.3 miles 

south of Bethany near northeast cor. sec. 3, T. 62 N., 

R. 28 W., Harrison County, Mo.

Tasch, 1953, Jour. Paleontology, v. 27, p. 399, pi. 49, fig. 

12. Pennsylvanian shale bank to right of road entering 

Country Club Heights, Emporia, Lyon County, Kans.

Bairdia, beedei var. abrupta Ulrich and Bassler, 1906, U.S. Natl. 

Mus. Proc., v. 30, p. 162, pi. 11, figs. 21, 22. Cottonwood 

shale, 2 miles east of Cottonwood Falls, Chase County, 

Kans.

Bairdia auricula Knight. Bradfield, 1935, Am. Paleontology 

Bull., v. 22, no. 73, p. 89, pi. 6, figs. 13a, b. Union Dairy 

limestone, roadcut at south edge of Ardmore, Carter 

County, Okla.

Bairdia ciscoensis Harlton, 1927, Jour. Paleontology, v. 1, p. 

210, pi. 33, fig. 8. Shale below Sedwick limestone, 2 i/2 

miles northeast of Coleman, Coleman County, Tex. 

Coryell and Sample, 1932, Am. Midland Naturalist, v. 13, 

p. 265, pi. 25, fig. 8. East Mountain shale, Mineral Wells 

formation, Mineral Wells, Palo Pinto County, Tex.

IBairdia ciscoensis Harlton. Bradfield, 1935 [part], Am. Paleontology Bull., v. 22, no. 73, p. 91, pi. 7, figs. 3a, b [not 

1, 2, 4-6; see Bairdia sp. E]. Union Dairy limestone, 

railroad cut, south edge of Ardmore, Carter County, 

Okla. Based on an abraded specimen.

Cooper, 1946, Illinois Geol. Survey Bull. 70, p. 42, pi. 1, 

figs. 29, 30, pi. 4, figs. 5, 6. Shale in Collinsville limestone, SWM sec. 34, T. 3 N., R. 8 W., Madison County: 

shale in Woodbury cyclothem, SE*4 sec. 32, T. 9 N., R. 

8 E., Cumberland County, 111.

Bairdia conilata Harlton, 1929, Am. Jour. Sci., ser. 5, v. 18, 

no. 105, p. 268, pi. 2, fig. 13. Shale near base of Wapanucka limestone, quarry, 2 miles south of Hartshorne, 

NW1^ sec. 18, T. 4 N, R. 17 E.. Pittsburg County, Okla.

"iBairdia Jiispida var. alta Bradfield, 1935, Am. Paleontology 

Bull., v. 22, no. 73, p. 88, pi. 6, figs. 6a, b [not B. plebia 

var. alta Jones and Kirkby, 1895; see Orthobairdia cestriensis (Ulrich), 1891]. Hoxbar formation, Crineville 

member, Pleasant Hill syncline, northwest side of Criner 

hills, 4 miles south and 2% miles west of Ardmore, Carter County, Okla. The type (Indiana Univ. 2135) is a 

corroded specimen without the posterior and ventroposterior portions.

Bairdia hispi-da Harlton. Coryell and Sample, 1932, Am. Midland Naturalist, v. 13, p. 262, pi. 25, fig. 10. East Mountain shale, Mineral Wells formation, Mineral Wells, 

Palo Pinto County, Tex.

Bairdia marmorea Kellett,. 1934, Jour. Paleontology, v. 8, p. 

127, pi. 15, figs. la-h. Wreford formation, north-south 

road between Lincolnville and Elmdale, north of District No. 17 School, Chase County, Kans.

IBairdia moorei Knight, 1928, Jour. Paleontology, v. 2, p. 318, 

pi. 43, figs. la-c. Shale partings in "Brown lime" 

of Labette shale, exposed in south bank of creek east of 

Price Rd., and south of Ladue Rd., St. Louis County, 

Mo.

Coryell and Billings, 1932, Am. Midland Naturalist, v. 13, 

p. 173, pi. 17, fig. 4. Wayland shale, Graham formation, 

5 miles east and 2,000 ft north of Cisco, Eastland County, 

Tex.

Bairdia samplei Coryell and Booth, 1933, Am. Midland Naturalist, v. 14, p. 264, pi. 3, figs. 12, 13. Wayland shale, 

Graham formation, near the Graham-Throckorton road, 

west of Salt Creek, 1 mile west of Graham, Young 

County, Tex.

"iBairdia seligi Delo, 1930, Jour. Paleontology, v. 4, p. 165, pi. 

12, fig. 17. Carboniferous, Southern Crude Oil Purchasing Co., Allison No. 1 well, 950-961 ft, Sutton County, 

Tex. The holotype (USNM 81785) is a corroded specimen.

IBairdia, seminalis Knight. Kellett, 1934, Jour. Paleontology, v. 

8, p. 127, pi. 15, figs. 2a-c. Elmdale (?) formation, weathered limestone in roadcut, Kansas State Highway 29, 

just southeast of Manhattan, Riley County, Kans. 

Cooper, 1946, Illinois Geol. Survey Bull. 70, p. 51, pi. 3, 

figs. 27-29. Shale below lower bench in Lonsdale limestone, SEi4 sec. 16, T. 12 N, R. 9 E., Marshall County, 

111.

Cordell, 1952, Jour. Paleontology, v. 26, p. 91, pi. 17, figs. 

5, 6, 7(?), 8(?). Pleasanton shale, S%SW*4 sec. 6, T. 

52 N., R. 29 W., 0.2-0.6 miles east of Excelsior Springs, 

Ray County, Mo.

IBairdia wrefordensis Upson, 1933, Nebraska Geol. Survey 

Bull. 8, p. 22, pi. 2, figs. 5a, b. Upper shale seam of the 

Fourinile limestone, roadcut 3% miles southeast of 

Randolph, Riley County, Kans.

[not] Bairdia beedei Ulrich and Bassler. Warthin, 1930 = B. 

 whitesiden Bradfield, 1935.

[not] Bairdia beedei Ulrich and Bassler. Kellett, 1934 = B. 

nurwitzi Coryell and Booth, 1933.

[not] Bairdia beedei Ulrich and Bassler. Johnson, 1936 = B. 

hassit n. sp.

[not] Bairdia beedei Ulrich and Bassler. Payne, 1937 = B. 

hurwitsi Coryell and Booth, 1933.

[not Bairdia beedei var. inflata Payne, 1937=5. hurwitsi 

Coryell and Booth, 1933.

[not] Bairdia ciscoensis Harlton. Bradfield, 1935 = Bairdia sp. 

E.

[not] Bairdia moorei (Jones). Issler, 1908, Palaeontographica, 

v. 55, p. 95, pi. 7, fig. 343. Jurassic.

Geologic range. Lower Pennsylvanian-Permian.

Bairdia bradfieldi Payne, 1937

Bairdia bradfleldi Payne, 1937, Jour. Paleontology, v. 11, p. 

283, pi. 39, figs. 3a, b. Hayden Branch formation, Sullivan County, Ind.

fBairdia dissimilis Cooper, 1946, Illinois Geol. Survey Bull. 70, 

p. 44, pi. 2, figs. 27-29. Shale below Seville limestone, 

sec. 14, T. 12 N., R. 2 W., Warren County, 111.
24 REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OSTRACODE GENERA

The holotype of B. ~bradfieldi, Indiana University 

3214, is a specimen from which a great deal of the 

shell material has been dissolved; it is very close to 

B. dissimilis.

Geologic range, Middle Pennsylvanian. 

Bairdia brevis Jones and Kirkby, 1879

Bairdia brevis Jones and Kirkby, 1879, Geol. Soc. London 

Quart. Jour., v. 35, p. 575, pi. 31, figs. 1-8. Lower Carboniferous Limestone Series, near Glasgow, Scotland. 

Jones and Kirkby, 1892, Annals Mag. Nat. History, ser. 6,

v. 9, p. 305, pi. 16, fig. 9. Carboniferous, Mongolia.

Kummei-ow, 1939, Preuss. Geol. Landesanstalt Abh., n. f.,

no. 194, pt. A, p. 45, pi. 5, figs. 4a, b. Visean, Germany.

[not] Bairdia brevis Jones and Kirkby. Vine, 1884, = sp. indet.

[not] Bairdia brevis Jones and Kirkby. Cooper, 1941 = OrtJwbairdia sp. A.

[not] Bairdia brevis Lienenklaus, 1900, Deutsch Geol. Gesell. 

Zeitschr., v. 52, p. 510, pi. 19, fig. 6. Lower Oligocene, 

Germany.

Key, 1955, K. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch Natuurk., Verh. ser. 

1, v. 21, no. 2, p. 106, pi. 15, fig. !, Stampian, France. 

This post-Paleozoic species was renamed B. abbreviata 

Key in Van den Bold, 1957.

Bairdia brevis var. jonesi Posner, 1951, Vsesoyuz. Neft. Nauch.- 

Issled. Geol.-Razv. Inst., Trudy, (VNIGBI), new ser., no. 

56, p. 90, pi. 21, figs. 5a, b, c; pi. 20, figs. 4, 5. Lower 

Carboniferous, Russia.

Bassler and Kellett (1934, p. 187) credit this species 

to Jones and Kirkby, 1867, who listed it (1867, pages 

221 and 225), but indicated in the footnote (Jones 

and Kirkby, 1867, p. 228) that it is a nomen nudum.

Geologic range. Carboniferous.

Bairdia caudata Kirkby, 1859

Bairdia mueronata Reuss. Kirkby, 1858 [part], Annals Mag. 

Nat. History, ser. 3, v. 2, p. 327, pi. 10, figs. 9a, b, 10 

[not fig. 11 = Cryptobairdia amygdalina (Kirby), 1859]. 

Permian, Shell limestone, Tunstall Hill, Durham, England.

Bairdia pJebia var. caudata Kirkby, 1859, Tyneside Naturalists' 

Field Club, Trans., v. 4, p. 143, woodcut 3 [not 2, 4 = B. 

leptura (Richter), 1867], pi. 9, figs. 9, 10 [not figs. 12, 

12a = sp. indet.]. Permian, Shell limestone, Tunstall 

Hill, Durham, England.

Ci/there (Bairdia) plebia var. caudata Kirkby. Jones, 1859, 

in Kirkby, 1859, idem, p. 166, pi. 11, figs. 17, 18a-c. 

Shell limestone, Permian, Tunstall Hill, Durham, England.

[not] Cythere caudata (Kirkby). Richter, 1867 = Bairdia sp. 

G.

Geologic range. Permian.

Bairdia citriformis Knight, 1928

Bairdia citriformis Knight, 1928, Jour. Paleontology, v. 2, p. 

321, pi. 43, figs. 4a-d. Pawnee limestone, Clayton, St. 

Louis County, Mo.

tBairdia cf. B. citriformis Bradfield, 1935, Am. Paleontology 

Bull., v. 22, no. 73, p. 78, pi. 5, figs. 2a, b. Lester limestone member, Dornick Hills formation, Ardmore -Basin, 

Okla. The illustration is based on a steinkern.

IBairdia blakei Harlton. Upson, 1933, Nebraska Geol. Survey 

Bull. 8, p. 21, pi. 2, figs, la, b. Shale in Fourmile limestone, roadcut 3% miles southeast of Randolph, Riley 

County, Kans.

[not] Bairdia citriformis Knight. Cooper, 1946 = IB. crassa 

Harlton, 1929.

Geologic range. Middle Pennsylvanian-Permian (?). 

Bairdia crassa Harlton, 1929

Plate 1, figures 17, 18

Bairdia crassa Harlton, 1929, Texas Univ. Bull. 2901, p. 158, 

pi. 4, figs. 3a-c. Canyon group, limestone, San Saba 

River valley, near Hext, Menard County, Tex.

?Bairdia crassa Harlton. Delo, 1930, Jour. Paleontology, 

v. 4, p. 164, pi. 12, fig. 15, Ft. McKavett Oil Co., Tisdall 

No. 1 well, 1,510-1,515 ft, Schleicher County, Tex. 

Warthin, 1930, Oklahoma Geol. Survey Bull. 53, p. 71, pi. 6, 

figs, la, b. Holdenville formation, limestone and shale 

in Sasakwa member, old quarry (1930) south part of 

Sasakwa, Seminole County, Okla.

Bairdia crassa Harlton. Delo, 1931, Washington Univ. Studies, 

new ser., Sci. and Tech., no. 5, p. 49, pi. 4, fig. 9. Pennsylvanian limestone, Wood Oil Co., Ranson No. 1 well, 

4,100 ft, northeast cor. sec. 5, T. 26 S., R 41 W., Hamilton County, Kans.

Kellett, 1934, Jour. Paletontology, v. 8, p. 129, pi. 15, figs. 

5a-g. Oread or latan limestone, roadcut about 600 ft 

south of the Missouri River bridge at the Ft. Leavenworth Military Reservation, Leavenworth County, Kans.

IBairdia crassa Harlton. Cooper, 1946, Illinois Geol. Survey 

Bull. 70, p. 44, pi. 2, figs. 1, 2. Shale at base of Brereton limestone, NE^i sec. 8, T. 14 N., R. 5 E., Henry 

County, 111.

Bairdia crassa Harlton. Oordell, 1952 [part], Jour. Paleontology, v. 26, p. 85, pi. 19, figs. 7-10 [not figs. 11, 

12 = Cryptobairdia coryelli (Roth and Skinner), 1931]. 

Weston shale, top, and shale partings 1-2 ft above base 

of latan limestone, N%SW% sec. 14, T. 54 N., R. 35 W.; 

0.8 miles south of New Market, high bank on east side 

of State Highway 71, Platte County, Mo.

IBairdia tumida Upson, 1933, Nebraska Geol. Survey Bull. 8, 

p. 21, pi. 2, figs. 3a-c. Cottonwood-Florena contact, 2 

miles southeast of Stockdale, Riley County, Kans. Based 

on a corroded specimen.

IBairdia citriformis Knight. Cooper, 1946, Illinois Geol. Survey Bull. 70, p. 43, pi. 1, figs. 23-26. Shale below Brereton 

limestone, SWi/i sec. 31, T. 5 S., R. 2 W., Perry County, 

111.

[not] Bairdia crassa Harlton. Bradfield, 1935 = Cryptobairdia 

coryelli (Roth and Skinner), 1931.

Harlton's cotypes (USNM 80589) are three partly 

corroded specimens. The original of Harlton's (1929) 

figure 3a is here designated as the lectotype. Cooper's 

specimen of B. crassa may be a new species characterized by a break in slope in ventroanterior margin. 

He does not record the hinge to be incised, nor is the 

posterior as tumid in dorsal view as the lectotype.

Geologic range. Middle Pennsylvanian-Permian
PALEOZOIC SPECIES OF BAIRDIA AND RELATED GENERA 25

Bairdia curta McCoy, 1844

Bairdia curt UK McCoy, 1842 [nomeii nudum], in Griffith, Notice

respecting the fossils of the Mountain Limestone of Ireland, p. 22. 

Bairdia curtns McGoy, 1844, A synopsis of the characters of

the Carboniferous limestone fossils of Ireland, p. 104,

pi. 23, fig. 6. Mountain Limestone, Granard, County

Longford, Ireland. 

Bairdia curta McCoy. Jones, 1870, Monthly Micros. Jour., v.

4, p. 185, pi. 61, fig. 1. Type specimen freed from matrix. 

Jones and Kirkby, 1879 [parti, Geol. Soc. London Quart.

Jour., v. 35, p. 567, pi. 28, figs. 1, 2 [not figs. 3, 4, 6 = B.

sp. A; B. sp. B]. The same specimen as Jones, 1870. 

Jones and Kirkby, 1896, Royal Dublin Soc. Trans., ser. 2,

v. 6, pt. 7, p. 173, pi. 106, figs. 21a, b. Same as Jones,

1870. 

Sohn, 1954, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 264-A, p. 4, pi.

2, figs. 1-3. Outlines of above figures, 

[not] Bairdia, curta McCoy of authors see: Bairdia spp. A, B,

C, D, F; Cryptobairdia aequalis -'(Eichwald), 1857; and

spp. indet.

McCoy (1842, p. 22) listed this species from two 

localities; this supports my previous supposition 

(Sohn, 195-1, p. 4) that more than one specimen is 

involved. Jones (1870, p. 185) possibly received a 

specimen that was not the one illustrated by McCoy; 

it is this specimen that was assumed by subsequent 

workers to be the holotype. McCoy's description and 

illustration is inadequate, and Jones' illustration may 

or may not be of a conspecific specimen. The net 

result is that Bairdia curta is an inadequately defined 

species.

Geologic range. Carboniferous.

Bairdia curvirostris Posner, 1951

Bairdia alta var. curvirostris Posner, 1951, Vsesoyuz. Neft. 

Nauch.-Issled. Geol.-Razv. Inst, Trudy, (VNIGRI), new 

ser., no. 56, p. 92, pi. 19, fig. 5. Lower Carboniferous. 

Russia.

Geologic range. Lower Carboniferous.

Bairdia egorovi Sohn, n. name

Bairdia symmetries Egorov, 1953, Vsesoyuz. Neft. Nauch.- 

Issled. Geol.-Razv. Inst., Moscov. Fillial, Moscow-Leningrad, p. 14, pi. 12, figs. 2a-d. Frasnian, European Russia.

[not] Bairdia, symmetric® Cooper, 1946, Illinois Geol. Survey 

Bull. 70, p. 52, pi. 3, figs. 37, 38. Pennsylvanian, Illinois.

This species is named in honor of the late V. G. 

Egorov, who has added to the knowledge of Russian 

ostracodes.

Geologic range. Upper Devonian.

Bairdia eifliensis Kummerow, 1953

Bairdia eifliensis Kummerow, 1953, Staat. Geol. Komm. 

Deutsch. Demokrat. Republik, Geologie, Jahrg. 2. Beih. 

7, p. 51, pi. 5, figs. 9a, b. Middle Devonian lower Stringocephalus beds, Sotenich, Germany.

Geologic range. Middle Devonian.

Bairdia eleziana Egorov, 1953

Bairdia eleziana Egorov, 1953, Vsesoyuz. Neft. Nauch.-Issled. 

GeoL-Razv. Inst., Moscov. Fillial, Moscow-Leningrad, p. 

12, pi. 7, figs. la-d. Famennian, Sosna River, Russia.

Geologic range. Upper Devonian.

Bairdia elongatella Sohn, n. name

Bairdia plebia var. elongata Kirkby, 1858, Annals Mag. Nat.

History, ser. 3, v. 2, p. 325, pi. 10, figs. 4, 4a. Permian,

Shell limestone, Tunstall Hill, Durham, England. 

Kirkby, 1859, Tyneside Naturalists' Field -Club Trans., v.

4, p. 145, text fig. 6, pi. 9, figs. 4, 4a. Same locality as

above, 

[not] Cythere elongata Minister, 1830, [Neues] Jahrb. Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie, Petrefaktenkunde, Jahrg. 1, p.

65=Bairdift elongata (Miister) =nomen dubium. 

Jones and Kirkby, 1865, Annals Mag. Nat. History, ser. 3,

v. 15, p. 408, pi. 20, figs. 14a-c=nouieu dubium.

Geologic range. Permian.

Bairdia galei Croneis and Thurman, 1939

Bairdia, galei Croneis and Thurman, 1939, Denison Univ. Bull., 

Jour. Sci. Lab., v. 33, p. 325, pi. 7, fig. 21. Kinkaid formation li/4 miles east of Bloomfield, Johnson County, 111.

[not] Bairdia galei Croneis and Tlrurman. Cooper, 1941 = B.t 

soTini Coryell and Rozanski, 1942.

Geologic range. Upper Mississippian.

Bairdia garrisonensis Upson, 1933

Bairdia garrisonensis Upson, 1933, Nebraska Geol. Survey Bull. 

8, p. 20, pi. 1, figs. lOa-c. Basal 2 ft of Florena shale, 

SW% sec. 34, T. 1 N., R. 14 E., roadcut along KansasNebraska State line.

Cooper, 1946, Illinois Geol. Surrey Bull. 70, p. 45, pi. 2, 

figs. 14-18. Shale in Shumway cyclothem, SW% sec. 26 

T. 9 N., R. 5 E., Effingham County, 111.

Cordell, 1952, Jour. Paleontology, v. 26, p. 85, pi. 18, fig. 

32. Shale parting 3 ft above base of Winterset limestone, roadcut State Highway 6, Wy2 SEi4 sec. 17, T. 59 

N., R. 27 W., northeast edge of Gallatin, Daviess County, 

Mo.

"iBairdia eissensis Upson, 1933, Nebraska Geol. Survey Bull. 8, 

p. 20, pi. 1, figs. 9a-c. Shale at base of the middle zone 

of the Eiss limestone, roadcut along Kansas-Nebraska 

State line, southeast cor. sec. 34, T. 1 N, R. 13 E. 

Kellett, 1934, Jour. Paleontology, v. 8, p. 134, pi. 14, figs. 

7a, b. Wreford formation, low outcrop, north-trending 

road, north of District No. 17 School, Chase County, 

Kans.

[not] Bairdia garrisonen-sis Upson. Kellett, 1934=5. liassi n. 

sp.

[not] Bairdia garrisonensis Upson. Scott and Borger, 1941 =- 

B. has si? n. sp.

[not] Bairdia garrisoncmis Upton. Glebovskaya, 1939=sp. 

indet.

The holotype of B. garrisonensfa is slightly corroded 

and that of B. eissensis is a steinkern showing muscle 

scar impressions on both valves.

Geologic range. Upper Pennsylvanian-Permian.
26 REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OSTRACODE GENERA

Bairdia gibbera Morey, 1935

Bairdia gibbera Morey, 1935, Jour. Paleontology, v. 9, p. 323, pi.

28, fig. 12. Lower Mississippian, 3 miles north of Williarnsburg, Mo. 

Morey, 1936, idem, v. 10, p. 119, pi. 17, figs. 8, 10. Chouteau formation, Browns Station, Mo. 

[not] Bairdia gibbera Kesling and Kilgore, 1952 = Rishona

epicypha (Kesling and Kilgore), 1955. 

IBairdia subampla Posner, 1951, Vsesoyuz. Neft. Nauch-Issled.

Geol.-Razv. Inst., Trudy, (VNIGRI), new ser., no. 56, p.

94, pi. 19, fig. 6. Lower Carboniferous, Russia.

Geologic range. Lower Mississippian( ?) (see Sohn, 

1951, p. 34), Carboniferous.

Bairdia girtyi Sohn, n. name 

Plate 1, figures 32-36

Bairdia attenuata Girty, 1910, New York Acad. Sci. Annals, v. 

20, no. 3, pt. 2, p. 237 [no illus.]. Fayetteville shale, 

near Fayetteville, Ark.

Wairdia mccoyi Croneis and Gutke. Cooper, 1941, Illinois 

Geol. Survey Rept. Inv. 77, p. 14 [list], pi. 2, figs. 17, 18. 

Glen Dean formation, just below upper ledge of Okaw 

limestone, SW%NW% sec. 30, T. 7 S., R, 6 W., Randolph County, 111.

[not] Bairdia attenuata Brady, 1880, Challenger, Rept. Sci. 

Results Voyage H.M.S., Zool., v. 1, pt. 3, p. 59, pi. 11, 

figs. 3a-e. Recent, Torres Straits, lat 11°35' S., long 

144°3' E.,-155 fathoms; reefs at Honolulu, 40 fathoms. 

Senior primary homonym.

[not] Bairdia attenuata (Reuss). Reuss, 1854, K. Akad. Wiss. 

Denkschr., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl., Wien, v. 7, p. 140, pi. 

27, figs. 3a-c. Cretaceous, Bohemia = Pontocypris"!

[not] Bairdia attenuata Girty. Cooper, 1941=Bairdia sp. L.

There are three specimens labeled "types" of this 

species in Girty's collection. One is a very young 

individual that may not belong to this species; the 

other two specimens illustrated here are both abraded, 

and the ends are broken. This is one of the transitional species discussed on page 8; it is referred 

to Bairdia rather than Rectobairdia because the paratype (pi. 1, figs. 32, 34-36) has a distinctly convex 

dorsal margin. The original of plate 1, figure 33, is 

here designated as the lectotype. Cooper's specimen 

of Bairdia mccoyi Croneis and Gutke has a sinuous 

dorsal margin in lateral outline (1941, pi. 2, fig. 18); 

the photograph shows that the specimen is sheared 

just in front of the midlength; consequently, it is 

assumed that the concavity at approximately the midlength was introduced by preservation. The ends of 

this specimen are preserved, while those of Girty's 

specimens are missing; it is therefore questionably assigned to Girty's species.

Geologic range. Upper Mississippian.

Bairdia golcondensis Croneis and Gale, 1939

Bairdia golcondensis Croneis and Gale, 1939, Denison Univ. 

Bull., Jour. Sci. Lab., v. 33, p. 286, pi. 6, figs. 26, 27.

Golconda formation, west bank of Lusk Creek, 2 miles

north of Waltersburg, Pope County, 111. 

Croneis and Gutke, 1939, idem, v. 34, p. 58, pi. 2, fig. 23.

Renault formation, sec. 5, T. 13 S., R. 8 E., Hardin

County, 111. 

'iBairdia golcondensis Croneis and Gale. Croneis and Bristol,

1939, idem, p. 95, pi. 3, fig. 20. Menard formation, 111.

The figured specimen is a steinkern. 

Coryell and Rozanski, 1942, Jour. Paleontology, v. 16,

p. 146, pi. 24, fig. 2. Glen Dean formation, center sec.

18, T. 12 S., R. 10 E., Hardin County, 111. 

[not] Bairdia golcondensis Croneis and Gale. Cooper, 1941 =

B. impedere Cooper, 1941. 

[not] Bairdia golcondensis Croneis and Gale. Cooper, 1947 =

Orthobairdia cestriensis (Ulrich), 1891.

The holotype is a specimen with most of the shell 

material dissolved.

Geologic range. Upper Mississippian.

Bairdia graciosa Glebovskaya, 1939

Bairdia pecosensis var. graciosa Glebovskaya, 1939, Neft. Geol.- 

Razv. Inst., Trudy, ser. A, no. 115, p. 170, 175, pi. 2, figs. 

12, 12a. Kchwagerina zone, northern Russia.

Geologic range. Permian.

Bairdia grahamensis Harlton, 1928

Plate I, figures 9, 10, 15, 16

Bairdia grahamensis Harlton, 1928, Jour. Paleontology, v. 2, 

p. 139, pi. 21, fig. 11. Graham formation, top of South 

Bend shale, below Gunsight limestone, west of Graham, 

Young County, Tex.

Harlton, 1929, Texas Univ. Bull. 2901, p. 156, pi. 3, fig. 4. 

Canyon group, San Saba River valley, near Hext, Menard County, Tex.

Bairdia menardensis Harlton, 1929, Texas Univ. Bull. 2901, p. 

158, pi. 8, figs. la-d. Canyon group, San Saba River 

valley, near Hext, Menard County, Tex.

IBairdia menardensis Harlton. Delo, 1930, Jour. Paleontology, 

v. 4, p. 164, pi. 12, fig. 16. Pennsylvanian, C. Cromwell, 

Winslow no. 1 well, 775 ft, Menard County, Tex. 

Bradfield, 1935 [part], Am. Paleontology Bull., v. 22, no. 

73, p. 85, pi. 6, fig. 4 [not figs. 5, 9] ; the original of fig. 

5 is not with Bradfield's types, the original of fig. 9, 

(Indiana Univ. 2058) is a specimen with the dorsal margin broken, and consequently unidentifiable. Union 

Dairy limestone, top part, railroad cut south edge of 

Ardmore, SW1/! sec. 6, T. 5 S., R. 2 E., Carter County, 

Okla.

Bairdia menardensis Harlton. Cooper, 1946, Illinois Geol. Survey Bull. 70, p. 47, pi. 2, figs. 32-35. Shale adjacent to 

Oak Grove limestone beds, SWi/i sec. 6, T. 2 S., R. 3 W., 

Brown County, and shale below lower bench of Lonsdale 

limestone, SEi/i sec. 16 T. 12 N, R. 9 E., Marshall 

County, 111.

Cordell, 1952, Jour. Paleontology, v. 26, p. 87, pi. 17, figs. 

29-33. Collections in lower Lawrence shale, and at base 

of Kanwaka formation, bluff, Missouri River, east of 

State Highway 45 and railroad tracks, southeast of 

Armour, NEi4NE% sec. 34 T. 55 N., R. 37 W.; and Lawrence shale, also shale parting in Haskell limestone, ditch 

and bluff to the northeast, corner of State Highway 59 

and Russell St., South St. Joseph, Buchanan County, Mo.
PALEOZOIC SPECIES OF BAIRDIA AND RELATED GENERA 27

Wairdia deloi Kellett, 1934, Jour. Paleontology, v. 8, p. 126, 

pi. 14, figs. 6a, b. Blmdale formation, carbonaceous 

shale on top of massive buff limestone, where road 

bends halfway up hill, near Cottonwood River bridge, 

east of Blmdale, Chase County, Kans.

Wairdia menardvillensis Harlton, 1931, Jour. Paleontology, v. 

5, p. 163, new name for B. marginata Harlton, 1929 [not 

Bosquet, 1852].

Cooper, 1946, Illinois Geol. Survey Bull. 70, p. 48, pi. 2, 

figs. 38^2, pi. 4, figs. 9-11. Shales below lower bench 

of Lonsdale limestone, SE^4 sec. 16, T. 12 N., R. 9 E., 

Marshall County, and shale above and below Exiline 

limestone, NB% sec. 22, T. 14 N., R. 7 E. Stark County, 

111.

Wairdia marginata Harlton, 1929, Texas Univ. Bull. 2901, p. 

158, pi. 4, fig. 2. The holotype (USNM 80588) is a 

steinkern from the same collection as B. menardensis.

[not] Bairdia "i deloi Croneis and Gale, 1939 = Wairdia osorioi 

Croneis and Gale, 1939.

[not] Bairdia grahamensis Harlton. WartMn, 1930 = Orthobairdia sp. B. 

[not] Cijthere (Bairdia) marginata Richter, 1867 = sp. indet.

The types of B. menardensis (USNM 80587) consist of five specimens labeled "cotypes." Most of the 

shell material of these specimens has been dissolved, 

and the illustrations were retouched to show overlap 

that is not discernible on the specimens. The holotype 

of B. deloi (USNM 89466) is a steinkern of an individual that is larger than the type of B. menardensis. 

The holotype (slide labeled "cotype") of B. grahamensis (USNM 72243) is a steinkern of a very 

young instar.

Geologic range. Middle Pennsylvanian-Permian.

Bairdia harltoni Cooper, 1946

Bairdia harltoni Cooper, 1946, Illinois Geol. Survey Bull. 70, 

p. 45, pi. 2, figs. 30, 31. Shale below Seville zone, SE% 

sec. 14, T. 12 N., R. 2 W., Warren County, 111.

Bairdia ardmorensis Harlton. Cooper, 1946, idem, p. 41, pi. 1, 

figs. 14, 15. Shale below Ferdinand limestone, NW1/! 

sec. 20, T. 6 S., R. 4 W., Spencer County, Ind.

Wairdia grandis Jones and Kirkby, 1879, Geol. Soc. London 

Quart. Jour., v. 35, p. 572, pi. 29, figs. 1, 2. Yoredale 

rocks at Worlton, Durham, England.

Jones and Kirkby, 1892, Annals Mag. Nat. History, ser. 6, 

v. 9, p. 306, pi. 16, fig. 12. Carboniferous, Mongolia.

Wairdia plebia Reuss. Jones and Kirkby, 1892, Annals Mag. 

Nat. History, ser. 6, v. 9, p. 304, pi. 16, figs. 7, 8. Carboniferous, Mongolia.

[not] Bairdia ardmorensis Harlton, 1929=Bairdiolites ardmorensis (Harlton) 1929.

[not] Bairdia plebiO' grandis Jones, in Kirkby, 1859, Tyneside 

Naturalists' Field Club, Trans. v. 4, p. 162, pi. 11, fig. 13 

= nomen dubium, based on a steinkern.

Bairdia grandis is twice the size of B. harltoni 

Cooper, 1946.

Geologic range. Carboniferous, Middle Pennsylvanian.

Bairdia hassi Sohn, n. sp. 

Plate 1, figures 28, 29

Bairdia garrisonensis Upson. Kellett, 1934, Jour. Paleontology, v. 8, p. 134, pi. 17, figs. 5a-c. Shale parting in 

massive limestone in Elmdale formation, exposed below 

the road and upstream from the Cottonwood River 

bridge, east of Elmdale, Chase County, Kans.

Wairdia garrisonensis Upson. Scott and Borger, 1941, Jour. 

Paleontology, v. 15, p. 354, pi. 49, fig. 19. Macoupin cyclothem, along Embarrass River, 1 mile east of Lawrenceville, 111.

Wairdia beedei Ulrich and Bassler. Johnson, 1936, Nebraska 

Geol. Survey Paper no. 11, p. 38, pi. 4, figs. 1, 2. Bonner Springs shale, Dyson Hollow, Nebr.

Differs from Bairdia, whitesidei Bradfield, 1935 by 

absence of central bulge. The original of Kellett's 

figures 5 a and 6 is here designated as the holotype 

(USNM 89480).

G-eologic range. Upper Pennsylvanian-Permian.

Bairdia hebeatus Posner, 1951

Bairdia curta var. hebeatus Posner, 1951, Vsesoyuz. Neft. 

Nauch.-Issled. Geol.-Razv. I list., Trudy, (VNIGRI), new

ser., no. 56, p. 88, pi. 21, figs, la, b. Lower Carboniferous, Russia.

Geologic range. Lower Carboniferous.

Bairdia hispida? Harlton, 1928 

Plate 1, figure 6

Bairdia hispida Harlton, 1928, Jour. Paleontology, v. 2, p. 140, 

pi. 21, fig. 14. Cisco formation, 4~y2 miles west of Cisco 

on Cisco-Abiline road, Eastland County, Tex. 

Harlton, 1929, Texas Univ. Bull. 2901, p. 155, pi. 3, figs. 

2a, b. Canyon Group, San Saba River, near Hext, 

Menard Co., Tex.

Delo, 1930, Jour. Paleontology, v. 4, p. 163, pi. 12, figs. 

14a, b. Carboniferous, C. Cromwell and others, Winslow 

no. 1 well, 600-620 ft and 1,000 ft, Menard County, Tex.

[not] Bairdia, hispida Harlton. Coryell and Sample, 1932 = B. 

beedei Ulrich and Bassler, 1906.

The holotype (USNM 72246), illustrated by a drawing in 1928 and by a photograph in 1929 (fig. 2a), is 

an abraded specimen. Harlton (1928, p. 140) refers 

to the specimen as the holotype; but the slide is 

marked "cotypes11 and contains a second specimen, 

here illustrated, that is similar to the one illustrated 

in 1929 (fig. 2b). Because it is not possible to determine whether the holotype and the paratype are conspecific, the illustrated specimen is referred to as 

"Mspida?".

Geologic range. Upper Pennsylvanian.

Bairdia hurwitzi Coryell and Booth, 1933

Bairdia hurwitzi Coryell and Booth, 1933, Am. Midland Naturalist, v. 14, p. 262, pi. 3, figs. 8, 9. Wayland shale, west 

of Salt Creek, near the Graham-Throckorton road, 1 

mile west of Graham, Young County, Tex.
28 REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OSTRACODE GENERA

IBairdia hurwitzi Coryell and Booth. Cooper, 1946, Illinois 

Geol. Survey Bull. 70, p. 46, pi. 2, figs. 11-13. Shale 

parting in Newton limestone, SE14 sec. 35, T. 9 N., R. 

7 E., Cumberland County, 111.

Bairdia beedei Ulrich and Bassler. Kellett, 1934, Jour. Paleontology, v. 8, p. 123, pi. 14, figs, la-h, 2. Wreforcl 

formation, low outcrop, (near) north-south road between 

Lincolnville and Elmdale, north of District no. 17 School, 

Chase County, Kans.

IBairdia beedei Ulrich and Bassler. Payne, 1937, Jour. Paleontology, v. 11, p. 282, pi. 38, figs. 9a, b, pi. 39, figs, la, b. 

Hayden Branch formation, Sullivan County, Ind.

IBairdia beedei var. inflata Payne. 1937, Jour. Paleontology, 

v. 11, p. 283, pi. 39, figs. 2a, b. Same locality as above. 

The holotype (Indiana Univ. 3213) is a specimen of a 

juvenile.

Geologic range. Upper Pennsylvanian-Permian.

Bairdia hypsoconcha Gibson, 1955

Bairdia hypsoconcha Gibson, 1955, Bull. Am. Paleontology, v. 

35, no. 154, p. 14, pi. 1, fig. 16. Cerro Gordo formation, 

upper 20 ft, at clay pit operated by Rockford Brick and 

Tile Co., Rockford, Iowa.

IBairdia subtilla Gibson, 1955, Bull. Am. Paleontology, v. 35, 

no. 154, p. 16, pi. 1, figs. 14a, b. Cerro Gordo formation, 

upper 20 ft, at clay pit operated by Rockford Brick and 

Tile Co., Rockford, Iowa. Based on one left valve 

(holotype USNM 123089) and one right valve (paratype, 

USNM 123090) that are slightly larger than the holotype of B. hypsoconcha. (See p. 10, item 11.)

[not] Bairdia subtila Cooper, 1941 = Cryptobairdia subtila 

(Cooper), 1941.

The holotype B. hypsoconcha (USNM 123085) is 

a partly corroded young instar, with some matrix near 

the dorsal margin which causes the illustration to 

appear more angular at the junction of the dorsoanterior and dorsal margin than the specimen actually is.

Geologic range. Upper Devonian.

Bairdia impedere Cooper, 1941

Bairdia impedere Cooper, 1941, Illinois Geol. Survey Rept. Inv. 

77, p. 26, pi. 2, figs. 7, 8. Renault formation, NE^SW% 

sec. 23, T. 4 S., R. 9 W., Monroe County, 111.

IBairdia ampla Reuss. Jones and Kirkby, 1875, Annals Mag. 

Nat. History, ser. 4, v. 15, p. 56, pi. 6, figs. 15a-c. Carboniferous, Government of Toula, Russia.

IBairdia golcondensls Croneis and Gale. Cooper, 1941, Illinois Geol. Survey Rept. Inv. 77, p. 14 [list], pi. 1, figs. 

9, 10. Golconda formation, Ohio River bluff, near Rock 

Quarry School, SW^SE^ sec. 5, T. 13 S., R. 7 E., Pope 

County, 111.

[not] Bairdia impedere Cooper. Cooper, 1947, Jour. Paleontology, v. 21, p. 84 [list], pi. 21, figs. 29, 30. Kinkaid 

shale, about 40 miles southeast of Chester, Johnson County, 111. The illustrated specimen is crushed ( ?), showing 

parallel sides in dorsal outline.

The holotype appears from the illustration to be a 

crushed specimen. This species differs from B. golcondensis Croneis and Gale, 1939, by a straight rather 

than convex ventral margin.

Geologic range. Upper Mississippian (Carboniferous of Kussia).

Bairdia ivanovae Egorov, 1953

Bairdia ivanovae Bgorov, 1953, Vsesoyuz. Neft. Nauch.-Issled. 

Geol.-Razv. Inst., Moscov. Fillial, Moscow-Leningrad, 

p. 9, pi. 5, figs. 2a-e, 3a, b, 4, 5. Frasnian, European 

Russia.

Geologic range. Upper Devonian.

Bairdia kansasensis Kellett, 1934

Bairdia kansasensis Kellett, 1934, Jour. Paleontology, v. 8, p. 

128, pi. 15, figs. 3a, b, 4a, b. Stanton limestone, cut in 

U.S. Highway 40, just west of Victory Junction, Leavenworth County, Kans.; shale in Elmdale formation, lighter 

colored shale above carbonaceous shale on top of massive buff limestone, in roadcut where road bends about 

halfway up hill, near Cottonwood River bridge east of 

Elmdale, Chase County, Kans.

IBairdia, kansasensis Kellett. Cordell, 1952 [part], Jour. Paleontology, v. 26, p. 86, pi. 17, figs. 11, 12 [not figs. 9, 10; 

see B. monstrabilis Cooper, 1946]. Collection from 2 ft 6 

in below top of Farley limestone to top of Eudora shale, 

outcrops along Smith Branch, west of bridge and west 

of north-trending road, 2.2 miles northwest of Winston, 

SE14 sec. 29, T. 59 N, R. 29 W., Daviess County, Mo.

The right valve of one of Kellett's paratypes (USNM 

89489) is similar in outline to the illustration of B. 

plebia Reuss, 1854. The ventral ridges discussed by 

Cordell (1952, p. 86) are not discernible on Kellett's 

types.

Geologic range. Upper Pennsylvanian-Permian.

Bairdia kelleri Egorov, 1953

Bairdia kelleri Egorov, 1953, Vsesoyuz. Neft. Nauch.-Issled. 

Geol.-Razv. Inst., Moscov. Fillial, Moscow-Leningrad, p. 

13, pi. 8, figs, la-d., 2a-c. Frasnian, European Russia.

Geologic range. Upper Devonian.

Bairdia kellettae Glebovskaya, 1939

Bairdia kelletti Glebovskaya, 1939, Neft. Geol.-Razv. Inst., 

Trudy, ser. A, no. 115, p. 170, 175, pi. 2, figs. 13, 13a. 

Upper Carboniferous, northern Urals, Russia.

Bairdia kellettae Glabovskaya. Branson, 1948, Geol. Soc. 

America Mem. 26, p. 858 [list].

[not] Bairdia cf. B. kelletti Glebovskaya. Glebovskaya, 1938, 

Neft. Geol.-Razv. Inst., Trudy, ser. A, no. 101, p. 181, pi. 

1, figs. 7, 7a. Permo-Carboniferous oil bearing deposits, 

Ishimbaev district, Russia = Cryptobairdial sp. indet.

The holotype, a left valve, is the only specimen; it is 

recorded as 2.4 millimeters long, which makes this one 

of the larger species of Bairdia. The 1938 reference is 

obviously to a manuscript name. Although this species is referred to Upper Carboniferous rocks, Branson 

(1948, p. 858) lists the species from those Scfawagerina 

moelleri beds of Russia that are now considered 

Permian.

Geologic range. Permian.
PALEOZOIC SPECIES OF BAIRDIA AND RELATED GENERA 29

Bairdia kinderhookensis Morey, 1936

Bairdia kinderhookensis Morey, 1936, Jour. Paleontology, v. 

10, p. 120, pi. 17, figs. 13, 15. Chouteau formation, 

Browns Station, Boone County, Mo.

Geologic range. Lower Mississippian.

Bairdia leguminoides Ulrich, 1891 

Plate 1, figures 19-21

Bairdia leguminoides Ulrich, 1891, Cincinnati Soc. Nat. History Jour., v. 13, p. 197, pi. 17, figs. 5a-c. Ludlowville 

formation, Hamilton group, Eighteen Mile Creek, New 

York.

?Bairdia leguminoides Ulrich. Batalina, 1941, SSSR Acad. 

Nauk Paleont. Inst, v. 1, p. 295, pi. 1, figs. 5a, b. Middle Devonian, Volkhov River, Russia.

Bairdia summ>acuminata Coryell and Malkin, 1936, Am. Mus. 

Novitates, no. 891, p. 9, pi. fig. 23. Coral zone of the 

Widder Beds, Hamilton group, just above the Encrinal 

limestone, on Ausable River, about 1% miles east of 

Arkona, Lambton County, Ontario, Canada.

Bairdia amplectens Kesling and Kilgore, 1952, Mich. Univ., 

Mus. Paleontology Contr., v. 10, no. 1, p. 12, pi. 4, figs. 

1-3. Grenshaw formation, outcrop in roadcut and ditch 

on west side of West Long Lake Road, about one-half a 

mile south of LeRoy's Resort, at the junction of the 

road and entrance to Martin's Resort, near center W% 

sec. 32, T. 33 N., R. 8 E., Presque Isle County, Mich.

The holotype (USNM 41788) is a partly abraded 

specimen with the posterior point broken. This species 

is common in the Wanakah shale, l1^ miles south of 

East Bethany, N. Y.

Geologic range. Middle Devonian.

Bairdia leptura (Richter), 1867

Cythere leptura Richter, 1867, Deutsch. Geol. Gesell. Zeitschr., 

v. 19, p. 230, pi. 5, fig. 29. Permian, lower Zechstein, 

Knollenkalke of Zschippen at Gera and Riffdolomit, 

Germany.

IBairdia plebia var. caudata Kirkby, 1859 [part], Tyneside 

Naturalists' Field Club Trans., v. 4, p. 143, woodcuts 2, 4. 

Permian, Shell limestone, Tunstall Hill, Durham, England.

Geologic range. Permian.

Bairdia mccoyi Croneis and Gutke, 1939

Bairdia mccoyi Croneis and Gutke, 1939, Denison Univ. Bull.,

Jour. Sci. Lab., v. 34, p. 59, pi. 2, fig. 15. Shale, Shetlerville member of the Renault formation, sec. 5, T. 13 S.,

R. 8 E., Hardin County, 111. 

Bairdia renaultensis Croneis and Gutke, 1939, idem, p. 59, pi. 1,

figs. 5, 6. Same locality as above. 

Cooper, 1941, Illinois Geol. Survey Rept. Inv. 77, p. 14

[list], pi. 2, figs. 9, 10. Renault formation, Hardin

County, 111. 

[not] Bairdia mccoyi Croneis and Gutke. Cooper, 1941, = B.

girtyi Sohn, n. name.

USGS locality 12844, about 10 feet stratigraphically 

below Croneis and Gutke's locality 0905.52D, contains 

abundant corroded and squashed specimens representing various stages of growth of this species. 

Geologic range. Upper Mississippian.

Bairdia macdonelli Harlton, 1929

Bairdia macdonelli Harlton, 1929, Texas Univ. Bull. 2901, p. 

157, pi. 3, figs. 7a, b. Canyon group, San Saba River 

valley, near Hext, Menard County, Tex.

Geologic range. Upper Pennsylvanian.

Bairdia mandelstami Posner, 1951

Bairdia mandelstami Posner, 1951, Vsesoyuz. Neft. Nauch.- 

Issled. Geol.-Bazv. Inst., Trudy, (VNIGRI), new ser., no. 

58, p. 96, pi. 20, figs, la, b. Lower Carboniferous, Russia.

The right valve of this species resembles Rectobairdia bicornis (Jones and Kirkby), 1879, which is 

based on a right valve that has a proportionally longer 

dorsal margin.

Geologic range. Carboniferous.

Bairdia matfieldensis Upson, 1933

Bairdia matfieldensis Upson, 1933, Nebraska Geol. Survey Bull. 

8, p. 18, pi. 1, figs. 7a, b. Shale in Kinney limestone, 

railroad cut just east of Kinney, Gage County, Nebr.

"iBairdia reussiana Kirkby. Upson, 1933, idem, p. 19, pi. 2, 

fig. 2a. Shale in Fourmile limestone, roadcut 3^ miles 

southeast of Randolph, Riley County, Kans. Based on a 

corroded specimen.

Geologic range. Permian.

Bairdia monstrabilis Cooper, 1946

Bairdia monstrabilis Cooper, 1946, Illinois Geol. Survey Bull.

70, p. 48, pi. 3, figs. 5-10. Shale on top of Macoupin 

limestone, SW% sec. 2, T. 14 N., R. 11 W., Edgar 

County; shale below and within Livingston(?) limestone, NE% sec. 12, T. 7 S. R. 9 E., White County, 111.

Geologic range. Upper Pennsylvanian.

Bairdia nalivkini Egorov, 1953

Bairdia nalivkini Egorov, 1953, Vsesoyuz. Neft. Nauch.-Issled. 

Geol.-Razv. nst, Moscov. Fillial, Moscow-Leningrad, p. 

8, pi. 4, figs. 4a-c. Frasnian, northeastern part European

Russia.

Geologic range. Upper Devonian.

Bairdia naumovae Egorov, 1953

Bairdia naumovae Egorov, 1953, Vsesoyuz. Neft. Nauch.-Issled. 

Geol.-Razv. nst., Moscov. Fillial, Moscow-Leningrad, p. 

23, pi. 11, figs, la-c, 2. Frasnian, northeastern part 

European Russia.

Geologic range. Upper Devonian.

Bairdia neptuni Kirkby, 1858

Bairdia plebia var. neptuni Kirkby, 1858, Annals Mag. Nat. 

History, ser. 3, v. 2, p. 325, pi. 10, figs. 5, 5a. Permian, 

Shell limestone, Tunstall Hill, Durham, England. 

Kirkby, 1859, Tyneside Naturalists' Field Club Trans., v. 

4, p. 145, text fig. 7, pi. 9, figs. 5, 5a. Same locality as 

above.
30 REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OSTRACODE GENERA

Kirkby (1858, p. 325) considered this species as a 

variety of B. plebia Reuss, because he considered this 

as an end member of a gradational series from that 

species. Kirkby's specimens of B. plebia are here 

designated as Bairdia sp. I, and pending additional 

study of topotype material the variety is here elevated 

to specific rank.

Geologic range. Permian.

Bairdia nikomlensis Posner, 1951

Bairclia nikomlensis Posner, 1951, Vsesoyuz. Neft. Nauch.- 

Issled. Geol.-Razv. nst, Trudy, (VNIGRI), new ser., no. 

56, p. 89, pi. 20, figs. 7a, b, pi. 17, fig. 5. Lower Carboniferous, Russia.

Geologic range. Lower Carboniferous.

Bairdia pecosensis Delo, 1930

Plate 1, figures 22-25

Bairdia pecosensis Delo, 1930, Jour. Paleontology, v. 4, p. 166, 

pi. 13, figs, la, b. Permian(?), Transcontinental Oil 

Co., Blackstone-Slaughter No. 1 well, 1032-1038 ft, 

Pecos County, Tex.

IBairdia pecosensis Delo. Upson, 1933, Nebraska Geol. Survey 

Bull. 8, p. 23, pi. 2, figs. 6a-d. Wreford formation, Fourmile limestone, U.S. Highway 36, 3% miles east of Home 

City, Marshall County, Kans.

IBairdia irionensis Delo, 1930, Jour. Paleontology, v. 4, p. 165, 

pi. 12, fig. 18. Pennsylvanian or Permian, Kingwood 

Oil Co.; Suggs No. 1 well, 1382-1386 ft, Irion County, 

Tex. Based on a corroded specimen of a very young 

instar.

Bairdia permiana Hamilton, 1942, Jour. Paleontology, v. 16, 

p. 715, pi. 110, figs, la, b. Limestone, uppermost Leonard or lowermost Word formation, Glass Mountains, Tex.

Wairdia aff. B. plebia Reuss. Girty, 1908, U.S. Geol. Survey 

Prof. Paper 58, p. 510, pi. 25, figs. 16, 16a. An imperfect right valve etched from Permian basal black limestone. Guadalupe point, Guadalupe Mountains, Tex.

[not] Bairdia pecosensis var. graciosa Glebovskaya, 1939 = B. 

graciosa Glebovskaya, 1939.

The holotype of B. pecosensis (USNM 81784) is, as 

noted by Kellett (1934, p. 125), a deformed specimen. 

The diagnostic ridge on the ventral part of the right 

valve of B. permiana is not as pronounced as shown 

on the original illustration. Upson's specimens are 

not as wide in dorsal outline as the holotype of B. 

pecosensis, should these specimens have a slight ridge 

on the dorsal margin of the left valve, they would be 

closer related to B. rhomb oidalis Hamilton, 1942.

Geologic range. Permian.

Bairdia peracuta Warthin, 1930

Bairdia peracuta Warthin, 1930, Oklahoma Geol. Survey Bull. 

53, p. 71, pi. 6, figs. 2a-c. Holdenville formation, 3 miles 

east of Ada, Pontotoc County, Okla.

Glebovskaya, 1939, Neft. Geol.-Razv. Inst,, Trudy, ser. A, 

no. 115, p. 165 [list], pi. 2, fig. 11. Sclncagerina zone, 

Russia.

Cooper, 1946 [part], Illinois Geol. Survey Bull. 70, p. 49, 

pi. 4, figs. 1, 2 [not pi. 3, figs. 11, 12, the illustrations 

suggest a steinkern]. Shale between limestone members 

of the Liverpool cyclothem, NW% sec. 21, T. 6 N., R. 3 

E., Fulton County, 111.

Geologic range. Middle Pennsylvania-Permian (?). 

Bairdia permagna Geis, 1932 

Plate 2, figures 20-24

Bairdia permagna, Geis, 1932, Jour. Paleontology, v. 6, p. 175, 

pi. 25, figs, lla, b. Salem limestone, Indiana.

Bairdia salemensis Geis, 1932, Jour. Paleontology, v. 6, p. 176, 

pi. 25, figs. lOa, b. Salem limestone, Indiana.

A series of growth stages suggest that B. salemensis 

is a young instar. Plate 2, figure 20, is an anterior 

section at the dorsanterior margin, showing the ventral 

thinning of the carapace. Note the well-developed 

inner lamella. The figured specimen is from the Salem 

limestone, USGS locality 7698 green; Indiana.

Geologic range. Upper Mississippian.

Bairdia petiniana Egorov, 1953

Bairdia petiniana Egorov, 1953, Vsesoyuz. Neft. Nauch.-Issled. 

Geol.-Razv. Inst., Moseov. Fillial, Moscow-Leningrad, 

p. 17, pi. 7, figs. 2a-c. Frasnian, River Don, Russia.

Geologic range. Upper Devonian.

Bairdia piscis Richter, 1867

Cythere (Bairdia) piscis Richter, 1867, Deutsch. Geol. Gesell. 

Zeitschr., v. 19, p. 231, pi. 5, fig. 26, Zechstein, Thuringia, 

Germany.

Geologic range. Permian.

Bairdia pompilioides Harlton, 1928

Bairdia pompilioides Harlton, 1928, Jour. Paleontology, v. 2, 

p. 140, pi. 21, fig. 13. Hoxbar formation, NW. cor. sec. 

20, T. 5 S., R. 1 E., about 2 miles south of Ardmore, 

Carter County, Okla.

Harlton, 1929, Texas Univ. Bull. 2901, p. 154, pi. 2, fig. 7 

[holotype], pi. 3, fig. 8. Canyon Group, San Saba River 

valley, near Hext, Menard County, Tex.

Kellett, 1934 [part], Jour. Paleontology, v. 8, p. 130, pi. 16, 

figs. 2a, b [not figs. 3a, b, 4a, b, both specimens are unrecognizable steinkerns]. Wakarusa(?) limestone, Wabaunsee group, roadcut near a small church, SE. cor. 

sec. 3, T. 13 S., R. 15 E., about 6 miles south-southwest 

of Topeka, Shawnee County, Kans.

Bradfiel'd, 1935, Bull. Am. Paleontology, v. 22, no. 73, p. 87, 

pi. 6, figs. 15a, b. Union Dairy limestone, railroad cut 

northeast of cemetery, south edge of Ardmore, centerline 

SWi4 sec. 6, T. 5 S., R. 2 E., Carter County, Okla. 

IBairdia pompilioides Harlton. Payne, 1937, Jour. Paleontology, v. 11, p. 284, pi. 39, figs. 7a, b. Hayden Branch 

limestone, 85 ft below Merom sandstone, near Dodds 

bridge over Turmans Creek, Sullivan County, Ind.

Scott and Borger, 1941, Jour. Paleontology, v. 15, p. 354 

[list], pi. 49, figs. 13, 14. Macoupin cyclothem, Embarrass River, 1 mile east of Lawrenceville, Lawrence County, HI.
PALEOZOIC SPECIES OF BAIRDIA AND RELATED GENERA 31

Bairdia pompilioides Harlton. Cooper, 1946, Illinois Geol. 

Survey Bull. 70, p. 49, pi. 3, figs. 39-43. Weathered 

lower part of Millersville limestone NE14 sec. 28, T. 12 

N., R. 1 W., Christian County, 111.

tBairdia pompilioides Harlton. Cordell, 1952, Jour. Paleontology, v. 26, p. 89, pi. 18, figs. 25-27. Fontana shale, parting 3 ft above base of Winterset limestone, readout on 

State Highway 6, W%SE%, sec. 17, T. 59 N., R. 27 W., 

northeast edge of Gallatin, Daviess County, and Eudora 

shale, base to 6 ft below top of Weston shale, crops out 

on north slope of steep hill, south of junction between 

State Highways 45 and 92, two-tenths of the distance 

from east to west along boundary of sees. 30 and 31, 

T. 53 N., R. 35 W., Beverly County, Mo.

IBairdia geisi Kellett. Scott and Borger, 1941, Jour. Paleontology, v. 15, p. 356 [list], pi. 49, fig. 20. Macoupin cyclothem, Embarrass River, 1 mile east of Lawrenceville, 

Lawrence County, 111. Kellett's holotype is a steinkern; 

Scott and Borger illustrate a specimen that is closer to 

B. pompilioides.

Bairdia sitbcitriformis Knight, 1928, Jour. Paleontology, v. 2, 

p. 322, pi. 43, figs. 5a, b. Weathered bottom 2 ft of 

Pawnee limestone, 200 ft north of Clayton Rd. oil first 

street west of Kirkwood-Ferguson trolley, St. Louis 

County, Mo. The locality is no longer usable.

fBairdia sp. 9, Cordell, 1952, Jour. Paleontology, v. 26, p. 94, 

pi. 18, figs. 30, 31. Shale parting, 16 ft above base of 

Winterset limestone, roadcuts along crooked stretch of 

gravel road on west bluff of Weldon River, NE^SE^i 

sec. 8, T. 64 N., R. 24 W., 2.6 miles southwest of Princeton, Mercer County, Mo.

[not] B. pompilioides Harlton. Warthin, 1930 = Bairdia lohitesidei Bradfield 1935.

Geologic range. Middle and Upper Pennsylvanian.

Bairdia pseudoglennensis Sohn, n. sp. 

Plate 3, figures 11, 12

Bairdia glennensis Harlton. Kellett, 1935, Jour. Paleontology, 

v. 9, p. 133, pi. 18, figs. 4a-e. Pennsylvanian, Stanton 

limestone, roadcut, U.S. Highway 40, between Lawrence 

and Kansas City, just west of Victory Junction, Leavenworth County, Kans.; Permian, Elmclale formation, 

limestone and shale, above water level and below road 

on Cottonwood River, upstream from bridge east of 

Elmdale, Chase County, Kans.

Elongate, greatest height less than half the greatest 

length. Dorsal margin gently convex; ventral margin 

concave. Anterior margin round, joins straight dorsoanterior margin above midheight. Dorsoposterior 

margin straight, approximately one-third as long as 

the greatest length of valve.

The distinct dorsoanterior margin excludes these 

specimens from Fabalicyprw glennensi-s (Harlton), 

1927. Because this species is distinct from any previously described species of Bairdia and because Kellett's 

types are on hand (USNM 90095), the species is here 

named. The original of Kellett's figure 4a, a left 

valve, from the Elmdale formation, is designated as the 

holotype.

Geologic range. Upper Pennsylvanian-Permian.

Bairdia quasisymmetrica Egorov, 1953

Bairdia quasisymmetrica Egorov, 1953, Vsesoyuz. Neft. Nauch.- 

Isslecl. Geol.-Razv. lust., Moscov. Fillial, Moscow-Leningrad, p. 15, pi. 12, figs, la-c, Frasnian, European Russia.

Geologic range. Upper Devonian.

Bairdia radlerae Kellett, 1934

Bairdia radlerae Kellett, 1934, Jour. Paleontology, v. 8, p. 125, 

pi. 14, figs. 3a-c. Shale in Neva limestone, several hundred yards up the highway 505, from where it bends 

about halfway up the hill, near the Cottonwood River 

bridge east of Elmdale, Chase County, Kans.

Geologic range. Permian.

Bairdia regularis Cooper, 1946

Bairdia regularis Cooper, 1946, Illinois Geol. Survey Bull. 70, 

p. 50, pi. 3, figs. 30-32. Shale above and below Exiline 

limestone. NE*4 sec. 22, T. 14 N., R. 7 E., Stark County, 

111.

Cordell, 1952, Jour. Paleontology, v. 26, p. 89, pi. 17, figs. 

34-39. Base of Bonner Springs shale to base of Hickory 

Creek shale, 4 miles east of Berlin, Gentry County, and 

southwest edge of Smithville, Clay County, Mo.

Geologic range. Middle and Upper Pennsylvanian.

Bairdia reussiana Kirkby, 1858

Bairdia reussiana Kirkby, 1858, Annals Mag. Nat. History, 

ser. 3, v. 2, p. 326, pi. 10, figs. 6, 6a. Permian. Tunstall 

Hill, Durham, England.

Cordell, 1952 [part], Jour. Paleontology, v. 26, p. 89, pi. 18, 

figs. 1, 2 [not pi. 17 figs. 24-28; Rectobairdia symmctiica (Cooper). 1946, and B. subfusifwmis Hamilton, 

1942]. Farley limestone, Smith Branch, west of bridge 

and of north-trending road, 2.2 miles northwest of Winston, SE% sec. 29, T. 59 N., R. 29 W., Daviess County, Mo.

Bairdia plebia var. reussiana Kirkby, 1859, Tyneside Naturalists' Field Club, Trans. v. 4, p. 146, pi. 9, figs. 6, 6a, 

woodcut 8. Permian, Tunstall Hill, Durham, England.

[not] Cythere reussiana (Kirkby). Richter, 1867 = nomen 

dubium.

[not] Bairdia reussiana Kirkby. Upson, 1933 = B. matfleldensis Upson, 1933.

[not] Bairdia reussiana Kirkby. Kellett, 1934 = Rcctobairdia 

summctrica ( Cooper), 1946.

[not] Bairdia reussiana Kirkby. Glebovskaya, 1939 = Rectobainlia sp. H.

Geologic range. Upper Pennsylvanian-Permian.

Bairdia rhomboidalis Hamilton, 1942 

Plate 1, figs. 26, 27

Bairdia rhomboidalis Hamilton, 1942, Jour. Paleontology, v. 16, 

p. 715, pi. 110, figs, lla, b. Limestone, upper Leonard 

or lowermost Word formation, Glass Mountains, Tex.

Because B. geisi Kellett, 1934 is based on a steinkern 

(USNM 89476), it is here considered a nomen dubium. 

It is not possible to determine whether the shell had 

a dorsal riclge on the left valve that characterizes 

B. rho?nboidalis. Should future work with topotype 

material demonstrate the presence of this ridge, then
32 REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OSTRACODE GENERA

B. rhomb oidalis would become a junior synonym of 

B. geisi. The species is closely related to B. pecosensis 

Delo, which is based on a deformed specimen. B. 

pecosensis Delo. Upson, 1933 may belong here. Orthobairdia powersi (Kellett), 1934:, differs from this species 

by ventral overlap and by parallel sides in dorsal 

outline.

Geologic range. Permian.

Bairdia rjabinini Egorov, 1953

Bairdia rjabinini Egorov, 1953, Vsesoyuz. Neft. Nauch.-Issled. 

Geol.-Razv. Inst., Moscov. Fillial, Moscow-Leningrad, 

p. 16, pi. 6, figs. 3a-c. Frasnian, main Devonian field, 

Russia.

Geologic range. Upper Devonian.

Bairdia seideradensis Krommelbein, 1950

Bairdia seideradensis Krommelbein, 1950, Senckenbergiana, v. 

31, p. 334, pi. 1, figs. 2 a-d. Middle Devonian (Givetian), 

Seiderad bei Pelm, Gerolsteiner valley, Germany. 

Pfibyl, 1953, Ustf. list, geol., Sbornik, v. 20, Paleont, p. 29 

(261), 71 (303), 104 (336), pi. 4, figs. 10-16. Middle 

Devonian (Upper Givetian), St. Croix Mountains, Poland.

Geologic range. Middle Devonian.

Bairdia? sohni Coryell and Rozanski, 1942

Bairdia sohni Coryell and Rozanski, 1942, Jour. Paleontology, 

v. 16, p. 147, pi. 24, fig. 4. Glen Dean formation, upper 

part Frailey's Store section, Hardin County, 111.

IBairdia galei Croneis and Thurman. Cooper, 1941, Illinois 

Geol. Survey Rept. Inv. 77, p. 14 [list], pi. 1, figs. 38, 39. 

Kinkaid formation [core], Perry County, 111.

The holotype of B. sohni is an abraded specimen 

with the ends broken; Cooper's illustration of B. galei 

suggests a corroded specimen.

Geologic range. Upper Mississippian.

Bairdia subcylindrica (Miinster), 1830

Cythere subcylindrica Miinster, 1830, [Neues] Jahrb. Mineralogie, Geognosie Geologie Petrefaktenkunde, 1830, p. 65, no.

21 [no illus.]. Carboniferous, Regnitzlosan, near Hof,

Bavaria. 

Bairdia subcylindrica (Miinster). Jones and Kirkby, 1865,

Annals Mag. Nat. History, ser. 3, v. 15, p. 409, pi. 20,

figs. 13a, b. Topotype? specimen. 

Wairdia subcylindrica (Miinster) Jones and Kirkby, 1879,

Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., v. 35, p. 578 [not p. 573],

pi. 30, figs. 14,15. Topotype ? specimen, 

[not] Bairdia subcylindrica Sandberger, 1866, Neues Jahrb.

Mineralogie, Geologie, Palaontologie, 1866, p. 41 =

Cytherellal 

[not] Bairdia subcylindrica (Miinster). Kummerow, 1939 =

gen. indet.

Jones and Kirkby (1865, p. 409, 410) consider B. 

gracilis McCoy, 1844 as a possible synonym of this 

species. B. gracilis is illustrated in dorsal (?) outline 

by McCoy (1844, pi. 23, fig. 7) as having concave sides 

near the ends, while Jones and Kirkby illustrated the

dorsal outline of a specimen (1865, pi. 20, fig. 13b) 

that has convex sides near the ends. 

Geologic range. Carboniferous.

Bairdia subfusiformis Hamilton, 1942

Bairdia subfusiformis Hamilton, 1942, Jour. Paleontology, v. 

16, p. 716, pi. 110, figs. 8a, b. Permian, uppermost 

Leonard or lowermost Word formation, limestone, Glass 

Mountains, Brewster County, Tex.

?Bairdia reussiana Kirkby. Cordell, 1952 [part], Jour. Paleontology, v. 26, p. 89, pi. 17, figs. 24, 25 [not figs. 26-28 = 

Rectobairdia symmetrical (Cooper), 1946; not pi. 18, 

figs. 1, 2 = B. reussiana Kirkby, 1858]. Shale partings 

in Haskell limestone, Buchanan County, Mo.; 2.5 ft below top of Farley limestone to top of Budora shale, 2.2 

miles northwest of Winston, Daviess County, Mo.

Geologic range. Upper Pennsylvanian-Permian.

Bairdia submucronata Jones and Kirkby, 1879 

Bairdia submucronata Jones and Kirkby, 1879, Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., v. 35, p. 572, pi. 29, figs. 12-18. Carboniferous, England, Wales and Scotland.

[not] Bairdia submucronata Jones and Kirkby. Kummerow, 

1939 = Bairdia sp. H.

Geologic range. Carboniferous.

Bairdia summa Coryell and Billings, 1932

Bairdia summa Coryell and Billings, 1932, Am. Midland Natulist, v. 13, p. 170 pi. 17, fig. 1. Wayland shale, Eastland 

County, Tex.

[not] Bairdia summa Coryell and Billings. Cooper, 1946 = 

Cryptobairdia hoffmanae (Kellett), 1934.

Geologic range. Upper Pennsylvanian.

Bairdia terebra Jones and Kirkby, 1879

Bairdia curta var. terebra Jones and Kirkby, 1879, Geol. Soc. 

London Quart. Jour., v. 35, p. 568, pi. 28, fig. 5. Carboniferous. Wyebourne, Cumberland, England.

Differs from B. curta McCoy in size and in shape 

of dorsoposterior margin.

Geologic range. Carboniferous.

Bairdia tokmovoensis Egorov, 1953

Bairdia tokmovoensis Egorov, 1953. Vsesoyuz. Neft. Nauch.- 

Issled. Geol.-Razv. Inst., Moscov. Fillial, Moscow-Leningrad, p. 15, pi. 11, figs. 4a-d. Frasnian, Don River, 

Mordovskaya Republic, Russia.

Geologic range. Upper Devonian.

Bairdia usatchovae Egorov, 1953

Bairdia usatchovae Egorov, 1953, Vsesoyuz. Neft. Nauch.- 

Issled. Geol.-Razv. Inst, Moscov. Fillial, Moscow-Leningrad, p. 10, pi. 5, figs. la-e. Frasnian, European Russia.

Geologic range. Upper Devonian.

Bairdia verwiebei Kellett, 1934

Bairdia verwiebei Kellett, 1934, Jour. Paleontology, v. 8, p. 

129, pi. 16, figs, la-h, pi. 17, figs. 2a-c. Falls City limestone, roadcut west of the German Lutheran church,
PALEOZOIC SPECIES OF BAIRDIA AND RELATED GENERA 33

Kansas State Highway 29, across Kansas River, about 

1 mile south of Wamego, Pottawatomie County; Wreford formation, small quarry in roadcut of Highway 

U.S. 40, about 4 miles west of Junction City, Geary 

County, Kans.

[not] Bairdia venviebei Kellett. Cooper, 1946 = B. acuminata 

Cooper, 1946.

The holotype (USNM 89471a) and all but one paratype which is the original of Kellett's figure le 

(USNM 89471b) are steinkerns. The original of figure le has some of the shell material dissolved, but 

the original shape is probably preserved.

Geologic range. Upper Pennsylvanian-Permian.

Bairdia whitesidei Bradfield, 1935 

Plate 1, figs. 30, 31; plate 2, figure 30

Bairdia whitesidei Bradfield, 1935, Bull. Am. Paleontology, v. 

22, no. 73, p. 82, pi. 5, figs. lOa, b. Shale in Deese formation, near centerline NE%NW% sec. 33, T. 3 S., R. 1 E., 

Carter County, Okla.

Sohn, 1956, Jour. Paleontology, v. 30, p. 114, text fig. 1, 

pi. 25, figs. 1-6. Topotype specimen. The anterior part 

of the ventral margin in fig. 5 was inadvertently cut off 

the photograph; the specimen is refigured as pi. 1, fig. 31.

IBairdia punctata Bradfield, 1935, op. cit., p. 79, pi. 5, figs. 7a, b. 

Shale in Devil's Kitchen member of Deese formation, 

NW. cor. sec. 4, T. 6 S., R. 2 E., Carter County, Okla.

IBairdia beedei Ulrich and Bassler. Warthin, 1930, Oklahoma 

Geol. Survey Bull. 53, p. 69, pi. 5, figs. 9a, b. Holdenville formation, fusulinid limestone in gulley, 200 ft 

northwest of center sec. 36, T. 4 N., R. 6 E., Pontotoc 

County, Okla.

IBairdia pompilioides Harlton. Warthin 1930, idem, p. 70, 

pi. 5, figs, lla, b. Limestone and shale partings in 

Sasakwa member of Holdenville formation, old quarry 

in south part of Sasakwa, Seminole County, Okla.

^Bairdia nitida Harlton. Warthin, 1930, idem, p. 72, pi. 6, 

figs. 3a, b. Same locality as above.

IBairdia concava Cooper 1946, Illinois Geol. Survey Bull. 70, 

p. 43, pi. 1, figs. 31-34. Shale above Greenup limestone, 

NW% sec. 10, T. 9 N., R. 9 E., Cumberland County, 111.

Bairdia bicornis Bradfield, 1935, Bull. Am. Paleontology, v. 22, 

no. 73, p. 84, pi. 6, figs. 3a, b. Union Dairy limestone, 

top part, railroad cut, about centerline SW*4 sec. 6, 

T. 5 S., R. 2 E., Carter County, Okla.

^Bairdia bicornis Bradfield. Scott and Borger, 1941, Jour. 

Paleontology, v. 15, p. 356 [list], pi. 49, fig. 17. Macoupin cyclothem along Embarrass River 1 mile east of 

Lawrenceville, Lawrence County, 111.

The type of B. punctata (Indiana Univ. 2144) is a 

crushed specimen that is probably a young individual 

of this species.

Geologic range. Middle and Upper Pennsylvanian.

MISIDENTIFIED SPECIES IN BAIRDIA

The descriptions and illustrations of the following 

specimens indicate that they were misidentified and 

probably represent undescribed species. The figured 

specimens of two misidentified species are available in

the U.S. National Museum; consequently, they are 

named here as Bairdia hassi n. sp. and B. pseudoglennensis n. sp. The original specimens of the following 

20 misidentifications are not available for examination; 

therefore :-iiey are cited with letters rather than with 

new specific names.

Bairdia sp. A

Bairdia curta McCoy. Jones and Kirkby, 1879 [part], Geol. 

Soc. London Quart. Jour., v. 35, p. 567, pi. 28, fig. 6 

[not fig. 12 see B. curta McCoy, 1844; not figs. 3, 4 = 

Bairdia sp. B]. Carboniferous, Settle, Yorkshire, England.

Geologic range. Carboniferous.

Bairdia sp. B

Bairdia curta McCoy. Jones and Kirkby, 1879 [part], Geol. 

Soc. London Quart. Jour., v. 35, pi. 28, figs. 3, 4. Carboniferous, Brockley, near Lesmahagow, Scotland. 

Jones and Kirkby, 1892, Annals Mag. Nat. History, ser. 6, 

v. 9, p. 304, pi. 16, fig. 5. Carboniferous, Mongolia.

Geologic range. Carboniferous.

Bairdia sp. C

Bairdia curta McCoy, Roemer, 1856 (?), in Bronn, 1851-56, 

Letheae Geognostica * * *, v. 1, pt. 2, p. 530, pi. 9s, 

figs. 12a-c. Carboniferous, Europe.

Geologic range. Carboniferous.

Bairdia sp. D

Bairdia curta McCoy. Eichwald, 1860 [part], Lethaea Rossica, 

v. 1, p. 1338, pi. 52, figs. 17a-c [not fig. 18 = Cryptobairdia aequalis (Eichwald), 1857]. Carboniferous, 

provinces of St. Petersburg, Kalouga, Novgorod, and 

Toula (?), Russia.

Geologic range. Carboniferous.

Bairdia sp. E

Bairdia ciscoensis Harlton. Bradfield, 1935 [part], Bull. Am. 

Paleontology, v. 22, no. 73, p. 91, pi. 7, figs. 1, 2, 4-6 

[not figs. 3a, b = B. beedei Ulrich and Bassler, 1906]. 

Union Dairy limestone, Hoxbar formation, railroad cut 

south edge of Ardmore, Carter County, Okla. The original of fig. 1 (Indiana Univ. 2024) is abraded; consequently, this species is not named.

Geologic range. Upper Pennsylvanian.

Bairdia sp. F

Bairdia curta McCoy. Kummerow, 1939, Preuss. Geol. Landesanstalt Abh., n. f., no. 194, pt. A, p. 39, pi. 4, figs. 5a, b. 

Mississippian, Tournasian-Visean, Trogenau bei Hof; 

Binsfeldhammer ber-> Stolberg, Rheinland, Germany.

Geologic range. Carboniferous.

Bairdia sp. Gr

Cythere caudata (Kirkby). Richter, 1867, Deutsch. Geol.

Gesell. Zeitschr., v. 19, p. 230, pi. 5, figs. 30-33. Zechstein, Thuringia, Germany.

Geologic range. Permian.
34 REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OSTRACODE GENERA

Bairdia sp. H

Bairdia submiwronata Jones and Kirkby. Kunimerow, 1939. 

Preuss. Geol. Landesanstalt Abh., n. f., no. 194, pt. A, 

p. 43, pi. 5, figs, la, b. Middle Vise, S., Binsfeldhaimner 

bei Stolberg, Rheinland, Prussia.

This species resembles Cryptobairdia drupa-cea 

(Richter), 1855, from the Permian of Germany, differing only in the outline of the anterior margin.

Geologic range. Carboniferous.

Bairdia sp. I

Bairdia plebia Reuss. Kirkby, 1858, Annals Mag. Nat. History, 

ser. 3, v. 2, p. 324, pi. 10, figs. 1, 2, 2a. Permian, Tunstall Hill, Humbleton Hill, and Byers' quarry, Durham, 

England.

Kirkby, 1859, Tyneside Naturalists' Field Club Trans., 

v. 4, p. 141, pi. 9, figs. 1, 2, 2a. Same illustration as 

Kirkby, 1858.

Geologic range. Permian.

Bairdia sp. J

Bairdia graniretioulata Harlton. Cooper, 1941, Illinois Geol. 

Survey Kept. Inv. 77, p. 26, pi. 1, figs. 17-20. Golconda 

formation, Ohio River bluff near Rock Quarry School, 

SW1/4SE1/4 see. 5. T. 13 S.. R. 7 E., Pope County, and Paint 

Creek formation, SE^SW^ sec. 32, T. 5 S., R. 8 W., 

Randolph County, 111.

fBairdia ampla Reuss. Jones and Kirkby, 1879 [part], Geol. 

Soc. London Quart. Jour., v. 35, p. 571, pi. 28, fig. 23; 

pi. 32, figs. 17-20 [not pi. 29, fig. 3 = sp. indet.; pi. 28, 

figs. 20-22 = Bairdia, sp. P]. Carboniferous, Hairmyres, 

East Kilbride and Blinkbonny quarry, Scotland. 

Jones and Kirkby, 1892, Annals Mag. Nat. History, ser. 6, 

v. 9, p. 305, pi. 16, fig. 11. Carboniferous, Mongolia.

Differs from Harlton's species in dorsal outline and 

by curved dorsoposterior margin.

Geologic range. Upper Mississippian (Carboniferous of Europe and Asia).

Bairdia sp. K

Bairdia delicata Morey. Cooper, 1941, Illinois Geol. Survey 

Rept. Inv. 77, p. 25, pi. 1, figs. 45, 46. Menard formation NW^NE1/! sec. 2, T. 7 S., R. 7 W., Randolph 

County, 111.

Differs from Morey's species by curved dorsum in 

lateral and dorsal views and by shorter and concave 

dorsoposterior margin.

Geologic range. Upper Mississippian.

Bairdia sp. L

Bairdia attenuata Girty. Cooper, 1941, Illinois Geol. Survey 

Rept. Inv. 77, p. 25, pi. 1, figs. 33, 34. Glen Dean 

formation, just below upper ledge of Okaw limestone, 

SW%NW% sec. 30, T. 7 S., R. 6 W., Randolph County, 

111.

Cooper, 1947, Jour. Paleontology, v. 21, p. 84 [list], pi. 21, 

figs. 27, 28. Kinkaid formation, about 40 miles southeast of Chester, Jackson County, 111.

IBairdia plebia Reuss. Jones and Kirkby, 1879 [part], Geol. 

Soc. London Quart. Jour., v. 35, p. 569, pi. 28, figs. 9-14 

[not figs. 15-19, position uncertain]. Lower Carboniferous limestone, High Blantyre in Lanarkshire, and 

Craigenglen in Stirlingshire, Scotland.

Geologic range. Upper Mississippian (Calciferous 

Sandstone Series of Scotland).

Bairdia sp. M

Bairdia contracta Morey. Scott, 1942, Jour. Paleontology, v.

16, p. 161, pi. 25, figs. 14, 15. Upper Otter formation,

Montana, 

[not] Bairdia liisiiigcri var. contracta Jones and Kirkby, 1895

= Cryptobairdia contractella Sohn, n. name.

The holotype of B. contracta Morey is a steinkern; 

consequently, the specific characters are unrecognizable, 

and the species is listed as a nomen dubium. This 

specimen differs from Morey's in both dorsal and 

ventral outlines; consequently, it is here considered 

a distinct species.

Geologic range. Upper Mississippian.

Bairdia sp. N

Ciitliere (Bairdia) ampla Reuss. Jones, 1859 [part], in Kirkby, 

Tyneside Naturalists' Field Club Trans., v. 4, p. 166, 

pi. 11, figs. 19a-f. Permian limestone, Hampole, Yorkshire, England.

Geologic range. Permian.

Bairdia sp. 0

Bairdia magnacurta Morey. Morey, 1936, Jour. Paleontology, 

v. 10, p. 118, pi. 17, figs. 16, 18. Chouteau formation, 

Browns Station and Providence, Boone County, Mo.

[not] Bairdia magnacurta Morey 1935 = Cryptobairdia compactat (Geis), 1932.

Geologic range. Lower Mississippian.

Bairdia sp. P

Bairdia ampla Reuss. Jones and Kirkby, 1879 [part], Geol. 

Soc. London Quart. Jour., v. 35, p. 571, pi. 28, figs. 20-22 

[not pi. 28, fig. 23, pi. 32, figs. 17-20 = Bairdia sp. J]. 

Carboniferous, Hairmyres, East Kilbride, Scotland.

Differs from B. ~beedei Ulrich and Bassler, 1906, by 

position of greatest width and by pointed ends in 

dorsal outline.

Geologic range. Carboniferous.

Bairdia sp. ft

Bairdia plebia Reuss. Kummerow, 1939, Preuss. Geol. Landesanstalt Abh., n. f., no. 194, pt. A, p. 40, pi. 4, figs. 7a, b. 

Limestone, Lower Tournasian and Lower Visean, Ratingen, Rheinland, Germany.

Geologic range. Carboniferous.

Bairdia sp. K,

Bairdia blakei Harlton. Cooper, 1946, Illinois Geol. Survey 

Bull. 70, p. 42, pi. 1, figs, 16-19. Shales in Shumway
PALEOZOIC SPECIES OF BAIRDIA AND RELATED GENERA 35

cyclothem SW% sec. 26, T. 9 N., R. 5 E., Effingham 

County, 111.

Geologic range. Upper Pennsylvanian.

Bairdia? sp. S

Bairdia kingii Reuss. Cooper, 1946, Illinois Geol. Survey Bull. 

70, p. 47, pi. 2, figs. 36, 37. Shale parting in Newton 

limestone, SE% sec. 35, T. 9 N., R. 7 E., Cumberland 

County, 111.

This species has a distinct dorsoanterior margin that 

differentiates it from Cryptobairdia sp. B and from 

Bairdia attenuates, Girty, 1910 = B. girtyi Sohn, n. 

name. The almost straight dorsal margin suggests 

affinities with Rectobairdia n. gen.

Geologic, range. Upper Pennsylvanian.

Bairdia? sp. T

Bairdia lunata Bradfield. Cooper, 1946, Illinois Geol. Survey 

Bull. 70, p. 47, pi. 2, figs. 19, 20. Weathered lower part 

of Millersville limestone, NE1/! sec. 28, T. 12 N., R. 1 W., 

Christian County, 111.

The broadly arcuate dorsal margin suggests affinities 

to Rectobairdia,.

Geologic range. Upper Pennsylvanian.

Bairdia sp. IT

Bairdia alto, Jones and Kirkby. Posner, 1951, Vsesoyuz. Neft. 

Nauch.-Issled. Geol.-Razv. Inst., Trudy, (VNIGRI), new 

ser., no. 56, p. 91, pi. 19, figs. 2a, b, pi. 20, fig. 2. LowerCarboniferous, Russia.

Posner elevated Bairdia plebia var. alt a- Jones and 

Kirkby, 1895 to specific rank. The English specimen 

is here referred to Orthobairdia cestriensis (Ulrich), 

1891. The Russian specimens differ in lateral outline, 

in the dorsoposterior margin, and possibly in dorsal 

outline.

Geologic range. Carboniferous.

DOUBTFUL AND INDETERMINATE SPECIES

Under this heading are included two groups: the 

first group includes species based on specimens that 

are either steinkerns or corroded and broken specimens; the second group contains misidentified specimens that cannot be placed in the proper species. 

Some species included in both of these groups are 

relegated to this category because the descriptions and 

illustrations are inadequate to recognize the species. 

The relegation of species to this category does not 

necessarily mean that the species in question are not 

valid; it merely points out that more work on these 

species is needed. Examination of the types or of 

topotype material will probably move many of these 

into the category of valid species of known or of as 

yet undescribed genera. Homonyms are indicated but 

not renamed because of the questionable status of 

this category.

Bairdia acuta Jones, 1850

Cytliere (Bairdia) acuta Jones, 1850, in King, A Monograph

of the Permian Fossils of England: Palaeontogr. Soc.

London, p. 63, pi. 18, fig. 10. Permian limestone, Byers'

quarry, Durham, England. 

Jones, 1859, in Kirkby, Tyneside Naturalists' Field Club

Trans., v. 4, p. 163, pi. 11, fig. 16. Same (?) locality

as above. 

Schmid, 1867, Neues Jahrb. Mineralogie, Geologie, Palaontologie, 1867, p. 581, pi. 6, fig. 38. Zechstein, Setters,

Wetterau, Germany. 

I not] Cytliere acuta Cornuel, 1844, Soc. Geol. France Mem.,

ser. 2, v. 1, p. 199, pi. 1, figs. 7, 8. Cretaceous, France.

= Paracypris acuta (Cornuel) (Sharapova, 1939, p. 10).

Bairdia affinis Morris, 1845

Bairdia affinis Morris, 1845, in Strzelecki, Physical description 

of New South Wales and Van Diemens' Land, p. 291, 

pi. 18, fig. 10. Permo-Carbouiferous, Australia and New 

South Wales.

[not] Bairdia affinis Terquem, 1885, Soc. Geol. Prance Mem., 

ser. 3, v. 4, p. 8, pi. 3, fig. 6, Jurassic, France.

Bairdia ampla Reuss, 1854

Bairdia ampla Reuss, 1854, Wetterauer Gesell. Naturk. Hanau, 

Jahresb. 1851-53, p. 68, text figs. 7a, b. Zechstein, Salters, Wetterau, Germany.

Cytliere (Bairdia) ampla Reuss. Schmid, 1867, Neues Jahrb. 

Mineralogie, Geologie, Palaontologie, 1867, p. 581, pi. 6, 

fig. 39. Permian, Germany.

Bairdia ampla Reuss. Jones and Kirkby, 1879 [part], Geol. 

Soc. London Quart. Jour., v. 35, p. 571, pi. 29, fig. 3 

[not pi. 28, figs. 20-22 = Bairdia, sp. P; not pi. 28, fig. 

23; pi. 32, figs. 17-20 = Wairdia sp. J]. Yoredale 

rocks, Carboniferous, Whorlton, Durham, England.

Bairdia cf. B. ampla 1 (Reuss). Bolton, 1911, Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., v. 67, p. 325, pi. 27, fig. 4. Coal measures, Bristol, England. The specimen is stated to be 6 

mm long and is probably not an ostracode.

[not] Bairdia ampla Reuss of authors; see the following:

Cytliere (Bairdia) ampla Reuss. Jones, 1859 = Cryptobairdia 

sp. A.

Bairdia ampla Reuss. Jones and Kirkby, 1879 [part] = Bairdia sp. J.

Bairdia ampla Reuss. Jones and Kirkby, 1892 = Bairdia sp. J.

Bairdia ampla Reuss. Jones and Kirkby, 1879 [part] = Bairdia 

sp. P.

Cythere ampla (Reuss). Richter, 1867 = probably the same as 

Cijtlierc brevicauda (Jones). Richter, 1867.

Bairdia ampla Reuss. Kummerow, 1939 = "iReetobairdia sinuosa (Morey), 1936.

Bairdia ampla Reuss. Cooper, 1946 = Orthobairdia, texana 

(Harlton), 1927.

Bairdia amputata Kirkby, 1859

Bairdia truncata Kirkby, 1858, Annals Mag. Nat. History, ser. 

3, v. 2, p. 433, pi. 11, figs. 4, 4a. Permiaini, England. 

Based on a steinkern.

[not] Bairdia truncata Brady, 1890, Royal Soc. Edinburgh 

Trans., v. 35, pt. 2, no. 14, p. 494, pi. 2, figs. 1, 2. Recent, pools in the inner reef of Apia, Upolu: shore sand 

from Porcheron's Beach, Noumea. This living species 

belongs to a genus that can be determined only by
36 REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OSTRACODE GENERA

study of the hinge, muscle scars and soft parts. It is a 

junior primary homonym and requires a new name. 

Stephenson (1947, p. 578) referred this species tentatively to Triebelina Van den Bold, 1946, but the shape 

of the original illustration (Brady, 1890, pi. 2, fig. 1) 

excludes the species from that genus.

Cythere amputata Kirkby, 1859, Tyneside Naturalists' Field 

Club Trans., v. 4, p. 155, pi. 10, figs. 4, 4a, new name 

for B. truncata. Permian, Durham, England. 

Jones, 1859, in Kirkby, idem, p. 167, pi. 11, figs. 22a-d. 

Permian, Durham, England.

[not] Bairdia amputata (Kirkby). Jones and Kirkby, 1879 = 

Rectobairdia sp. A.

[not] Bairdia amputata (Kirkby). Jones and Kirkby, 1892 = 

Reetobairdia sp. A.

Bairdia amygdaliformis Bradfleld, 1935

Bairdia amygdaliformis Bradfield, 1935, Bull. Am. Paleontology, v. 22, no. 73, p. 89, pi. 6, figs. 12a, b. Hoxbar 

formation, Oklahoma.

The holotype is a steinkern.

Bairdia anomala Payne, 1937

Bairdia anomala Payne, 1937, Jour. Paleontology, v. 11, p. 

282, pi. 38, figs. 8a, b. Hayden Branch formation, Sullivan County, Ind.

This species is based on a corroded specimen.

Bairdia bartholomewensis Stewart and Hendrix, 1945 

Bairdia bartholomewensis Stewart and Hendrix, 1945, Jour. 

Paleontology, v. 19, p. 109, pi. 12, figs. 7, 8. Olentangy 

shale, Delaware County, Ohio.

This species is based on a corroded specimen.

Bairdia biacuta Bradfield, 1935

Bairdia biacuta Bradfield, 1935, Bull. Am. Paleontology, v. 22, 

no. 73, p. 79, pi. 5, figs. 5a, b. Dornick Hills formation, 

Carter County, Okla.

The holotype of this species is an abraded specimen.

Bairdia brevicauda (Jones). Richter, 1867

Cythere brevicauda (Jones). Richater, 1867, Deutsch. Geol.

Gesell. Zeitschr., v. 19, p. 229, pi. 5, fig. 34. Zechstein,

Thuringia, Germany. 

?C i/there ampla (Reuss). Richter, 1867, idem, p. 231, pi. 5,

fig. 27. Zechstein, Thuringia, Germany.

Bairdia brevis Jones and Kirkby. Vine, 1884

Bairdia brevis Jones and Kirkby. Vine, 1884, Yorkshire Geol.

and Polytech. Soc. Proc., new ser., v. 8, p. 233, pi. 12,

figs. 4, 4a. Carboniferous, Yorkshire, England. 

Bairdia sp. Jones and Kirkby, 1879, Geol. Soc. London Quart.

Jour., v. 35, p. 578, pi. 32, figs. 7, 8. Carboniferous,

Cowden's quarry, Fife, England.

Cooper (1941, p. 24) refers Jones and Kirkby's 1879 

illustrations to B. aculeata Cooper, 1941. The right 

valve differs from B. aculeata in that the posterior is 

lower; see Ortlwbairdia sp. A.

Bairdia? browniana Jones, 1874

Bairdiat browniana Jones, 1874, Geol. Mag., dec. 2, v. 1, p. 

511, text fig. 1. Silurian, Scotland.

According to Jones' description, this species is based 

on a steinkern. The illustration and description are 

inadequate for proper generic determination, but it 

definitely does not belong to any of the genera treated 

in this paper.

Bairdia cestriensis Ulrich, 1891

Bairdia cestriensis Ulrich, 1891 [part], Cincinnati Soc. Nat. 

History Jour., v. 13, p. 210, pi. 17, figs. 7a, b [not figs. 

6a-c = Orthobairdia cestriensis (Ulrich), 1891]. Chester shales, Grayson Springs Station, Grayson County, Ky.

This specimen is a steinkern.

Bairdia circumcisa Jones and Kirkby, 1879

Bairdia circumcisa Jones and Kirkby, 1879, Geol. Soc. London 

Quart. Jour., v. 35, p. 578, pi. 32, figs. 13-16. Lower 

Carboniferous, Whitebaulks quarry, Linlithgowshire, 

Scotland.

This species is based on a single damaged specimen 

that may be broken on the posterior.

Bairdia contracta Morey, 1935

Bairdia contracta Morey, 1935 [not B. hisingeri var. contracta 

Jones and Kirkby, 1895], Jour. Paleontology, v. 9, p. 480, 

pi. 54, figs. 11, 12. Amsden formation, Cherry Creek, 

Fremont County, Wyo. (See Strickland, 1957.)

[not] Bairdia contracta Morey. Scott, 1942 = Bairdia sp. M.

Bairdia crassa Harlton. Warthin, 1930

Bairdia crassa Harlton. Warthin, 1930, Oklahoma Geol. Survey Bull. 53, p. 71, pi. 6, figs, la, b. Holdenville formation, limestone and shale partings of Sasakwa member, 

quarry in south part of Sasakwa, Seminole County, -Okla.

Bairdia curta McCoy. Richter, 1855

Bairdia curta McCoy. Richater, 1855, Deutsch. Geol. Gesell. 

Zeitschr., v. 7, p. 530, pi. 26, figs. 13-15. Permian, 

Germany.

The illustration of this species does not show dorsal 

overlap.

Bairdia curta McCoy. Chapman, 1921

Bairdia curta McCoy. Chapman, 1921, Royal Microsc. Soc. 

Jour., pt. 4, p. 330, pi. 8, fig. 11. Middle Devonian, 

Germany.

There are insufficient data to determinfe proper relationship.

Bairdia delawarensis Stewart and Hendrix, 1945 

Bairdia delawarensis Stewart and Hendrix, 1945, Jour. Paleontology, v. 19, p. 109, pi. 12, figs. 9, 10. Olentangy shale, 

Bartholomew Run, Dublin quadrangle, E^SW1^ sec. 4, 

T. 3 N, R. 19 W., 1 mile north of Franklin-Delaware 

County line, Delaware County, Ohio.
PALEOZOIC SPECIES OF BAIRDIA AND RELATED GENERA 37

The illustrations consist of a dorsal view of one 

steinkern (fig. 10), and a lateral view of possibly a 

corroded specimen.

Bairdia delicata Morey, 1935

Bairdia, delicata Morey, 1935, Jour. Paleontology, v. 9, p. 480, 

pi. 54, figs. 14, 16. Amsden formation, Cherry Creek, 

Fremont County, Wyo.

[not] Bairdia delicata Morey. Cooper, 1941 = Bairdia sp. K.

Bairdia devonica Giirich, 1896

Bairdia devonica Giirich, 1896, Russ. K. Mineralog. Gesell. St. 

Petersburg, Verh., ser. 2, v. 32, p. 391, pi. 14, figs. 4a-e. 

Devonian, Russia.

The illustrations appear to be of a corroded specimen.

Bairdia? dorsalis (Rlchter), 1867

Cythere dorsalis Richter, 1867, Deutsch. Geol. Gesell. Zeitschr.,

v. 19, p. 232, pi. 5, fig. 24. Zechstein, Saalfeld, and

Kamsdorf, Thuringia, Germany. 

Cythere (tBairdia) dorsalis Richter. Bassler and Kellett

1934, Geol. Soc. America, Spec. Paper 1, p. 269 [list]. 

Bairdia (?) dorsalis (Richter). Branson, 1948, Geol. Soc.

America, Memoir 26, p. 856 [list].

Bairdia drupacea (Richter). Branson, 1948

Cythere (Cythereis) drupacea Richter. Schmidt, 1867, Neues 

Jahrb. Mineralogie, Geologic, Palaontologie 1867, p. 579, 

581, pi. 6, fig. 17. Zechstein, Germany.

Bairdia drupacea (Richter). Branson, 1948, Geol. Soc. America, Mem. 26, p. 857.

Bairdia elongata (Miinster), 1830 

Cythere elongata Miinster, 1830 [not McCoy, 1844 = Cypridina], [Neues] Jahrb. Mineralogie, Geognosie, Petrefaktenkunde, Geologic, Jahrg. 1, p. 65 [no illus.]. Carboniferous, Rognitzlosau, near Hof, Bavaria. 

Bairdia elongata (Miinster). Jones and Kirkby, 1865, Annals

Mag. Nat. History, ser. 3, v. 15, p. 408, pi. 20, figs.

14a-c. First illustration, a broken and corroded topotype specimen, 

[not] Cythere elongata Miinster. Jones, 1850, in King = Cavellinal 

[not] Cythere elongata") Miinster. Jones, 1859, in Kirkby =

Cavellina"! 

[not] Bairdia elongata Lienenklaus, 1900 [not (Miinster),

1830; not Kummerow, 1924] = B. longa Key, 1957, in

Van den Bold, 

[not] Bairdia elongata Kummerow, 1924 [not (Miinster), 1830;

not Lienenklaus, 1900] = gen. indet.

[not] Bairdia elongata (Miinster). Kummerow, 1939 = Bairdiacypris sp. B. 

[not] Bairdia elongata Lienenklaus. Key, 1955 = B. longa

Key, 1957, in Van den Bold, n. name.

Bairdia excisa Eichwald, 1857

Bairdia excisa Eichwald, 1857, Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou Bull., 

v. 30, no. 4, p. 311. Carboniferous, village of Sloboda, 

Russia.

Eichwald, 1860, Lethaea Rossica, v. 1, p. 1342, atlas pi. 

53, figs. Sa-d. Carboniferous limestone, near Likhvine, 

Kalonga Government, and near Sloboda, Toula Government, Russia.

The illustrations are inadequate for generic determination. Jones and Kirkby (1875, p. 57, pi. 6, figs. 

8-10) referred this species to Cythere (Potamocypris?) 

Ulobuta. (Miinster), 1830.

Bairdia extenda Gibson, 1955

Bairdia extenda Gibson, 1955, Bull. Am. Paleontology, v. 35, 

no. 154, p. 16, pi. 1, fig. 18. Cerro Gordo formation, in 

clay pit of Rockforcl Brick and Tile Co., Rockford, 

Floyd County, Iowa.

Bairdia lancelata Gibson, 1955, idem, p. 18, pi. 1, fig. 11. Same 

horizon and locality as above. Based on a corroded 

steinkern.

The holotype and only specimen (USNM 123084) 

is a steinkern that resembles Oryptobairdiaf singularis (Krommelbein), 1954, from the Upper Devonian 

of Germany. B. extenda and B. lancelata probably 

represent growth stages of a single species.

Bairdia frumentum Reuss, 1854 

Bairdia frumentum Reuss, 1854, Wetterauer Gesell. Naturk.

Hanau Jahresb. 1851-53, p. 68, plate figs. 8a, b. Permian,

Germany. 

Cythere (Bairdia) frumentum (Reuss). Schmid, 1867, Neues

Jahrb. Mineralogie, Geologic, Palaontologie, 1867, p. 581,

pi. 6, fig. 18. Zechstein, Germany.

Bairdia garrisonensis Upson. Glebovskaya, 1939

Bairdia garrisonensis Upson. Glebovskaya, 1939, Neft. Geol.- 

Razv. Inst, Trudy, ser. A, no. 115, p. 165 [list], pi. 2, 

fig. 5. Permian, northern Urals, Russia.

The illustration is of a right valve that differs in 

outline from Upson's species.

Bairdia geinitziana (Jones). Richter, 1855

Bairdia geinitziana (Jones). Richter, 1855, Deutsch. Geol. 

Gesell. Zeitschr., v. 7, p. 530, pi. 26, fig. 12. Permian, 

Germany, 

[not] Cythere geinitziana Jones 1850 = Fabalicypris"! geinitsia-na (Jones), 1850.

This species is referred by Bassler and Kellett 

(1934, p. 171) to B. plebia Reuss from which it differs 

by a straight dorsoposterior margin. 

Bairdia geisi Kellett, 1934

Bairdia geisi Kellett, 1934, Jour. Paleontology, v. 8, p. 132, pi. 

16, figs. 7a, b [steinkern]. Elmdale formation, Chase 

County, Kans.

[not] Bairdia geisi Kellett. Scott and Borger, 1941; see 

Bairdia pompilioides Harlton, 1928.

Bairdia cf. B. glennensis Harlton. Cooper, 1946

Bairdia cf. B. glennensis Harlton. Cooper, 1946, Illinois Geol. 

Survey Bull. 70, p. 45, pi. 2, figs. 6, 7. Shale on top of 

Fulda limestone, NW^i sec. 11, T. 5 S., R. 4 W., Spencer 

County, Ind.
38 REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OSTRACODE GENERA

The illustrations of this species are a right view of 

a carapace and of a right valve; consequently, the 

dorsal outline is unknown, and the specimens are not 

identifiable at this time.

Bairdia glennensis Harlton. Marple, 1952

Bairdia glennensis Harlton. Marple, 1952, Jour. Paleontology, 

v. 26, p. 930, pi. 133, fig. 12. Lower Mercer limestone, 

Baltimore and Ohio Railroad cut, Somerset, Perry 

County, Ohio.

The illustration of this species is of an unidentifiable specimen.

Bairdia gracilis McCoy, 1844

Brairdia gracilis McCoy, 1842 [nonien nudum], in Griffith, Richard, Notice respecting the fossils of the Mountain Limestone of Ireland, p. 22.

Bairdia gracilis McCoy, 1844, A synopsis of the characters of 

the Carboniferous limestone fossils of Ireland, p. 165, 

pi. 23, fig. 7. Mountain limestone, northern districts, 

Ireland.

[not] Bairdia gracilis McCoy. Reuss, 1854 = Cryptobairdial 

subgracilis (Geinitz), 1861.

[not] Bairdia gracilis McCoy. Richter, 1855 = Cryptobairdia"! 

subgracilis (Geinitz), 1861.

[not] Bairdia, gracilis Alexander, 1929 = B. roundyi Alexander, 1932.

[not] Bairdia arcuata gracilis Bosquet, 1854, requires new 

name.

One of the ends of the illustrated specimen is 

broken, but the description states that both ends are 

alike. Jones (1850, p. 63) referred a "much worn" 

specimen to this species. The illustration (Jones, 

1850, pi. 18, fig. 7) is of a specimen with a round 

anterior that is unidentifiable. Jones (1859, p. 163, 

pi. 11, fig. 15) illustrated a worn steinkern similar 

to the one illustrated in 1850 that he questionably referred to this species.

Bairdia gracillima Richter, 1867

Cythere (Bairdia} gracillima Richter, 1867, Deutsch. Geol. 

Gesell. Zeitschr., v. 19, p. 231, pi. 5, fig. 28. Zechstein, 

Thuringia, Germany.

Bassler and Kellett (1934, p. 270) list this species 

as Cythere gracillima and refer it to Macrocypris. 

Kichter considered Bairdia a subgenus of Cythere 

(1867, p. 288); consequently, this species should be 

listed here.

Bairdia griffithiana Jones and Holl, 1868

Bairdia griffitJiiana Jones and Holl, 1868, Annals Mag. Nat. 

History, ser. 4, v. 2, p. 58, pi. 7, figs. lOa, h. Ordovician, 

Ireland.

The illustration suggests a cast of a specimen with 

a ventrolateral ridge or rim; the lateral outline excludes this species from the genera discussed in this 

paper.

Bairdia hisingeri (Miinster), 1830

CytJiere hisingeri Minister, 1830, [Neues] Jahrb. Mineralogie,

Geognosie, Geologic, Petrefaktenkunde, 1830, p. 65, no. 18

[no illus.]. Carboniferous, Regnitzlosan, near Hof,

Bavaria. 

Wairdia hisingeri (Miinster). Jones and Kirkby, 1865 [part],

Annals Mag. Nat. History, ser. 3, v. 15, p. 408, pi. 20,

figs. 12a-c. Topotype material, 

[not] Bairdia hisingeri (Miinster). Kummerow, 1939 [part] =

Rectobairdia sinuosa (Morey), 1936. 

[not] Bairdia hisingeri (Miinster). Kummerow, 1939 [part] =

Rectobairdia sp. B. 

[not] Bairdia hisingeri (Miinster). Jones and Kirkby, 1879 =

Rectobairdia sp. D. 

[not] Bairdia hisingeri (Miinster). Jones and Kirkby, 1895 =

Rectobairdia sp. C. 

[not] Bairdia schaurothi-ana Kirkby, 1858 = Rectobairdia

schaurothiana (Kirkby), 1858.

This species was not illustrated by Miinster, who 

described it as resembling a small Modiola. Jones 

and Kirkby obtained topotype material and illustrated 

this species in 1865 at which time they placed B. 

schaurothiana Kirkby, 1858, in synonymy. The original description and illustration by Kirkby is of a 

species with a straight dorsum that is here recognized 

as valid in Rectobairdia.

Bairdia hisingeri (Miinster). Vine, 1884

Bairdia hisingeri (Miinster). Vine, 1884, Yorkshire Geol. and 

Polytech. Soc. Proc., new ser., v. 8, p. 232, pi. 12, figs. 

2a, b. Carboniferous, Yorkshire, England.

This species differs from B. hisingeri by having a 

convex dorsum, and a higher position of the posterior 

point.

Bairdia hooverae Kellett. Payne, 1937

Bairdia hooverae Kellett. Payne, 1937, Jour. Paleontology, v. 

11, p. 284, pi. 39, figs. 5a, b. Hayden Branch formation, 

Sullivan County, Ind.

Bairdia ignota Bradfield, 1935

Bairdia ignota Bradfield, 1935, Bull. Am. Paleontology, v. 22, 

no. 73, p. 91, pi. 6, fig. 14. Deese formation, Oklahoma.

This species is based on a steinkern.

Bairdia kingi Reuss, 1854

Bairdia kingi Reuss, 1854, Wetterauer Gesell. Naturk. Hanau

Jahresb. 1851-53, p. 67, text fig. 4. Zechstein, Bleichenback, Wetterau, Germany.

[not] B. kingi Reuss. Kirkby, 1858 == Cryptobaidia sp. B. 

Cythere (Bairdia) kingi Reuss. Schmid, 1867, Neues Jahrb.

Mineralogie, Geologic, Palaontologie, 1867, p. 581, pi. 6,

fig. 32, 33. Zechstein, Germany. 

CytJiere kingiana (Reuss). Richter, 1867, Deutsch. Geol.

Gesell. Zeitschr., v. 19, p. 243, pi. 5, fig. 18. Zechstein,

Thuringia, Germany.
PALEOZOIC SPECIES OF BAIRDIA AND RELATED GENERA 39

Bairdia lanulata Harlton, 1929

Bairdia lanulata, Harlton, 1929, Am. Jour. ScL, ser. 5, v. 18, 

no. 105, p. 269, pi. 2, fig. 16. Fayetteville shale, 5 miles 

east of Vinita, SW. cor. sec. 15, T. 25 N., R. 21 B., Craig 

County, Okla.

The holotype is a steinkern.

Bairdia lenticulata Stewart and Hendrix, 1945

Bairdia lenticulata Stewart and Hendrix, 1945, Jour. Paleontology, v. 19, p. 110, pi. 12, fig. 11. Olentangy shale, 

Delaware County, Ohio.

This species is based on a steinkern.

Bairdia longirostris Bradfield, 1935

Bairdia longirostris Bradfield, 1935, Bull. Am. Paleontology, v. 

22, no. 73, p. 89, pi. 6, figs, lla, b. Hoxbar formation, 

Oklahoma.

The holotype of this species is a steinkern.

Bairdia lunata Bradfield, 1935

Bairdia lunata Bradfield, 1935, Bull. Am. Paleontology, v. 22, 

no. 73, p. 90, pi. 6, fig. 10. Hoxbar formation, 2% miles 

south of Ardmore, Carter County, Okla.

[not] Bairdia arcuata, var. lunata Bosquet, lS>51=Bythocypris 

limburgensis Van Veen, 1934 = Bythoci/pris lunata (Bosquet), 1854.

The holotype of this species is a steinkern.

Bairdia marginata Richter, 1867

Cythere (Bairdia) marginata Richter, 1867, Deutsch. Geol.

Gesell. Zeitschr., v. 19, p. 233, pi. 5, fig. 20. Zechstein,

Thuringia, Germany, 

[not] Bairdia marginata Harlton, 1929 = Bairdia grahamensis Harlton, 1928.

Bairdia mucronata Reuss, 1854

Bairdia mucronata Reuss, 1854, Wetterauer Gesell. Naturk. 

Hanau Jahrb. 1851-53, p. 67, pi. 1, fig. 6. Zechstein, 

Germany. Insufficient data.

Bairdia mucronata, Reuss. Richter, 1855, Deutsch. Geol. Gesell. 

Zeitschr., v. 7, p. 531, pi. 26, figs. 18, 19. Permian, 

Germany.

Schmidt, 1867, Neues Jahrb. Mineralogie, Geologic, Palaontologie, Jahrg. 1867, p. 580, pi. 6, fig. 4. Indeterminate specimen.

Cythere mucronata (Reuss). Richter, 1867, Deutsch. Geol. 

Gesell. Zeitschr., v. 19, p. 228, pi. 5, figs. 37-40. Permian, Germany. Indeterminate specimens.

Bairdia mucronata Reuss. Jones and Kirkby, 1879, Geol. Soc. 

London Quart. Jour., v. 35, p. 572, pi. 29, fig. 11. Exterior of left valve, mold (?), insufficient data.

[not] Bairdia mucronata Reuss. Kirkby, 1858 [part] = Bairdia c-audata Kirkby, 1859; [part] = Cryptobairdia a<mygdalina (Kirkby), 1859.

Bairdia murchisoniana Jones and Holl, 1868

Bairdia murchisoniana Jones and Holl, 1868, Annals Mag. Nat. 

History, ser. 4, v. 2, pi. 7, figs. 9a, b. Ordovician, Ireland.

This species is based on a steinkern of an indeterminate genus, probably related to the same genus in 

which Bairdia griffithiana Jones and Holl, 1868, 

belongs.

Bairdia nasuta Morey, 1935

Bairdia nasuta Morey, 1935, Jour. Paleontology, v. 9, p. 480, 

pi. 54, figs. 13, 15. Amsden formation, Cherry Creek, 

Fremont County, Wyo.

The holotype of this species is an abraded specimen.

Bairdia nitida Jones and Kirkby, 1879

Bairdia nitida Jones and Kirkby, 1879, Geol. Soc. London 

Qaurt. Jour., v. 35, p. 577, pi. 32, figs. 9-12. Lower 

Carboniferous, Anstruther, Fife, Scotland.

[not] Bairdia nitida Harlton, 1928 == Cryptobairdia coryelli 

(Roth and Skinner), 1931.

The illustrations are probably of a steinkern, overlap 

is not shown.

Bairdia notoconstricta G-ibson, 1955

Bairdia notoconstricta Gibson, 1955, Bull. Am. Paleontology, 

v. 35, no. 154, p. 15, pi. 1, figs. 17a, b. Cerro Gordo 

formation, clay pit of Rockford Brick and Tile Co., 

Rockford, Floyd County, Iowa.

This species is based on a steinkern.

Bairdia nyei Crespin, 1945

Bairdia. nyei Crespin, 1945, Royal Soc. Queensland Proc., v. 

56, no. 4, p. 32, pi. 4, figs. 2a, b. Permian, Eastern 

Australia.

This species is based on a steinkern fide Crespin.

Bairdia? o,sorioi Croneis and Gale, 1939

Bairdial osorioi Croneis and Gale, 1939, in Croneis, Denison 

Univ. Bull., Jour. Sci. Lab., v. 34, p. 28, new name for 

B.l deloi Croneis and Gale, 1939, not Kellett, 1934.

Bait-dial deloi Croneis and Gale, 1939, idem, v. 33, p. 288, pi. 

6, figs. 13, 14. Golconda formation, southwest of Ruma, 

Randolph County, 111.

This species is based on a corroded specimen.

Bairdia parmula Richter, 1867

Cythere (Bairdia) parmula Richter, 1867, Deutsch. Geol. 

Gesell. Zeitschr., v. 19, p. 233, pi. 5, figs. 21, 22. Zechstein, Thuringia, Germany.

This species is probably based on a steinkern.

Bairdia pennata Coryell and Sample, 1933

Bairdia pennata Coryell and Sample, 1932, Am. Midland Naturalist, v. 13, erratum accompanying table of contents; = 

nomen nudurn.

Bairdia pennata Coryell and Sample, 1933, Am. Midland Naturalist, v. 14, p. 187. New name for B. angulata Coryell 

and Sample, 1932 [not Brady, 1870].

Bairdia anffiilata Coryell and Sample, 1932, idem, v. 13, p. 

262, pi. 25, fig. 16. East Mountain formation, shale 3 

miles west of Mineral Wells, Palo Pinto County, Tex.
40 REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OSTRACODE GENERA

The holotype of this species is a juvenile of an 

unrecognized species.

Bairdia plebia Reuss, 1854

Bairdia plebia Reuss, 1854, Wetterauer Gesell. Naturk. Hanau, 

Jahresb. 1851-53, p. 67, text figs. 5a, b. Permian, Germany.

Cythere (Bairdia) plebia Reuss. Jones, 1859, in Kirkby, Tyneside Naturalists' Field Club Trans., v. 4, p. 161, pi. 11,

fig. 8. Permian, Durham, England. A right valve.

Kirkby, 1862, Annals Mag. Nat. History, ser. 3, v. 10, p.

203, pi. 4, figs. 5-10. Carboniferous, Permian, England.

Cythere plebia Reuss. Richter, 1S673 Deutsch. Geol. Gesell. 

Zeitschr., v. 19, p. 234, pi. 5, fig. 19. Permian, Germany.

Cythere (Bairdia) plebeja Reuss. Schrnid, 1867, Neues Jahrb. 

Mineralogie, Geologie, Palaontologie, 1867, p. 581, pi. 6, 

fig. 26, Zechstein, Germany.

Bairdia plebia, Reuss. Vine, 1884, Yorkshire Geol. and Polytech. Soc. Proc., new ser., v. 8, p. 233, pi. 12, figs. 3, 5a, 

b. Carboniferous, Yorkshire, England.

[not] Bairdia plebia Reuss. Kirkby, 1858 = Bairdia sp. I.

[not] Bairdia, aff. B. plebia Reuss. Girty, 1908 = B. peeosensis 

Delo, 1930.

[not] Bairdia plebia Reuss. Jones and Kirkby, 1879=#«frdia sp. L.

[not] Bairdia plebia Reuss. Jones and Kirkby, 1892=Bairdia harltoni"! Cooper, 1946.

[not] Bairdia plebia^ Reuss. Kummerow, 1939 = Bairdia sp. 

Q.

The original illustrations are a lateral view of a right 

valve, and a ventral outline of a carapace. The character of the species cannot be determined without 

knowledge of the left valve. Reuss states that this 

species is similar in outline to B. subdeltoidea from 

the Cretaceous. According to Bosquet (1854, p. 66 

(56)), Reuss illustrated a Cretaceous form as Cytherina 

subdeltoidea (Reuss, 1845, p. 16, pi. 5, fig. 38), and 

later the same form from Tertiary sediments (Reuss, 

1849, p. 9, pi. 8, figs, la, b). The illustrations of the 

Cretaceous form is a left valve view of a carapace; 

that of the Tertiary form is a right valve view of a 

carapace. Both specimens have a round anterior 

margin with the break in curvature at approximately 

midheight. Because Reuss records B. plebia from both 

Bleichenbach and Salters, it is reasonable to assume 

that he had two or more specimens of this species. 

The shape of the species as illustrated by Reuss may 

therefore be assumed to be correct. The conception of 

B. plebia was very broad, and specimens that differed 

markedly from the original illustration and that ranged 

in age from Carboniferous to Permian were assigned 

to this species, or as varieties of this species. Most 

of the varieties were subsequently raised to specific 

rank. All the specimens subsequently illustrated as 

B. plebia differ in outline from the original and 

belong to other species.

Bairdia plebia var. caudata Kirkby, 1859

Bairdia plebia var. caudata Kirkby, 1859 [part], Tyneside 

Naturalists' Field Club Trans., v. 4, p. 143, pi. 9, figs. 

12, 12a [not Woodcuts 2, 4 = B. leptural (Richter), 

1867; not. figs. 9, W = B. caudata Kirkby, 1859]. Permian, Durham, England.

Figure 12 is a right side; consequently, information 

is insufficient to identify the specimen which differs in 

dorsoposterior margin from B. caudata.

Bairdia plebia var. grandis Jones, 1859

Cythere (Bairdia) plebia var. grandis Jones, 1859, in Kirkby, 

Tyneside Naturalists' Field Club Trails., v. 4, p. 162, 

pi. 11, fig. 13. Permian, Durham, England.

[not] Bairdia. grandis Jones and Kirkby, 1879 = B. liarltonit 

Cooper, 1946.

Bairdia plebia var. munda Jones and Kirkby, 1875

Bairdia plebia var. munda Jones and Kirkby, 1875, Annals 

Mag. Nat. History, ser. 4, v. 15, p. 57, pi. 6, fig. 7. Carboniferous, yellow limestone Tscherepete River near 

Tschernischine, district of Likhwine, Government of 

Kalonga, Russia. Probably belongs in Cri/ptobairdia n. 

gen. Based on a single specimen of which the outside 

of the left valve is illustrated.

IBairdia plebia var. munda Jones and Kirkby. Glebovskaya, 

1939, Neft. Geol.-Razv., Inst, Trudy, ser. A, no. 115, p. 165 

[list], pi. 2, figs. 2-4. Lower Permian, Russia. The 

illustrations differ from the Carboniferous species by 

greater height.

Bairdia plebia var. rhombica Jones, 1859

Cijthere (Bairdia) plebia var. rhombica Jones, 1859, in Kirkby,

Tyneside Naturalists' Field Club Trans., v. 4, p. 162, pi.

11, figs. 10, 11, 12a, 12b. Permian, near Sunderland,

Durham, England. 

Bairdia plebia var. rhombica Jones. Jones and Kirkby, 1875,

Annals Mag. Nat. History, ser. 4, v. 15, p. 56, pi. 6, fig.

6. Permian(?), Sloboda, Russia.

The information available is inadequate to determine 

the species represented.

Bairdia polenovae Samoilova, 1951

Bairdia polenovae Samoilova, 1951, Moskov. Obshch. Ispytatelei Prirody, Trudy, Geol., v. 1, p. 173, pi. 1, fig. 17. 

Upper Devonian, Russia.

The illustration is a right valve exterior view, and 

the description is inadequate to identify the species.

Bairdia polygonata Scott, 1942

Bairdia polygonata Scott, 1942, Jour. Paleontology, v. 16, p. 

161, pi. 25, fig. 9. Otter formation, Wheatland County, 

Mont.

Bairdia pseudomagna Stewart and Hendrix, 1945

Bairdia pseudomagna Stewart and Hendrix, 1945, Jour. Paleontology, v. 19, p. 110, pi. 12, figs. 13, 14. Olentangy formation, Bartholomew Run, 80 yd north of the confluence 

of the main tributaries, 1 mile north of the FranklynDelaware County line, Ei/oSW1/! sec. 4, T. 3 N., R. 19 

W., Delaware County, Ohio.
PALEOZOIC SPECIES OF BAIRDIA AND RELATED GENERA 41

This species is based on two steinkerns.

Bairdia pyrrhae Eichwald, 1860

Bairdia pyrrliae Eichwald, 1860 (?), Lethaea Rossica, v. 1, 

p. 1344, pi. 52, figs. 3a, b. Permian, near Bourakova, 

Kazan, Russia.

The illustrations and description are inadequate to 

determine the species. Bassler and Kellett (1934, p. 

347) refer this species to Jonesinn and cite the first 

reference as Eichwald, 1844, without page or illustration citation. (See p. 86.)

Cythere reussiana (Kirkby). Richter, 1867 

Cythere reussiana (Kirkby). Richter, 1867, Deutsch. Geol. 

Gesell. Zeitschr, v. 19, p. 229, pi. 5, fig. 35. Zechstein, 

Germany.

Both the illustration and the description are inadequate to determine the affinities of this species.

Bairdia reussiana var. ischimbajevensis Glebovskaya, 1938

Bairdia reussiana var. ischimbajevensis Glebovskaya, 1938, Neft. 

Geol.-Razv. Inst., Trudy, ser. A, no. 101, p. 180, 189, 

pi. 1, figs. 5, 5a. Lower Permian, Ischimbaevo, Russia.

The illustrations are inadequate to identify this 

subspecies.

Bairdia rhomboidea Kirkby. Schmid [known also as Schmidt],

1867

Cytliere (Bairdia) rhomboidea Kirkby. Schmid, 1867, Neues 

Jahrb. Mineralogie, Geologie, Palaontologie, 1867, p. 580, 

pi. 6, fig. 7, Zechstein, Wetterau, Germany.

Bairdia cf. B. rhomboidea Kirkby. Cooper, 1946

Bairdia cf. B. rhomboidea Kirkby. Cooper, 1946, Illinois Geol. 

Survey Bull. 70, p. 50, pi. 3, figs. 25, 26. Shales in 

Shumway cyclothem, SW1^ sec. 26, T. 9 N., R. 5 E. 

Effingham County, 111.

The illustrations of this species suggest a corroded 

specimen.

Bairdia rockfordensis Gibson, 1955

Bairdia rockfordensis Gibson, 1955, Bull. Am. Paleontology, 

v. 35, no. 154, p. 17, pi. 1, fig. 8. Cerro Gordo formatiojn, 

clay pit of Rockford Brick and Tile Co., Rockford, Floyd 

County, Iowa.

The holotype (USNM 123088) of this species is a 

damaged steinkern of an undeterminate genus.

Bairdia rostrata Peneau, 1929 

Bairdia rostrata Peneau, 1929, Soc. Sci. Nat. Quest France

Bull., ser. 4, v. 8, p. 178, pi. 9, fig. 8, pi. 11, figs. 6a, b.

Upper Famennian, Clymenia beds, Saint-Julien-cle-Vouvantes, Armoricain Massif, France, 

[not] Bairdia, rostrata Issler, 1908, Palaeontographica, v. 55,

p. 95, pi. 7, fig. 345. Lias = gen. indet.

The original of plate 9, figure 8, is probably a steinkern; the illustrations on plate 11 suggest Alanella, 

which has been renamed Alanellaf dubm Kesling and 

Sohn, 1958.

Bairdia semilunulata Netschajew, 1894

Bairdia semilunulata Netschajew, 1894, Kazan Univ., Obshchestvo Estestvoiispitatelei, Trudy, [Soc. Nat. Kazan, 

Mem.], v. 27, no. 4, p. 373, text figs. 1, 2. Permian, 

European Russia.

The illustrations of this species are inadequate for 

proper identification; the outlines suggest Acratia 

Delo, 1930.

Bairdia subelongata Jones and Kirkby. Vine, 1884

Bairdia subelongata Jones and Kirkby. Vine, 1884, Yorkshire 

Geol. Polytechn. Soc. Proc., new ser., 8, p. 231, 239, pi. 12, 

figs. 1, la. Carboniferous, Yorkshire, England.

The illustration of this species is unrecognizable.

Bairdia subparallela Morey, 1935

Bairdia subparallela Morey, 1935, Jour. Paleontology, v. 9,

p. 323, pi. 28, fig. 24. Sylamore sandstone, 3 miles north

of Williamsburg, Callaway County, Mo. 

"iBairdia subparallela Morey. Morey, 1936, Jour. Paleontology,

v. 10, p. 119, pi. 17, fig. 7. Chouteau limestone, near

Browns Station, Boone County, Mo.

The holotype (Missouri Univ. Os 1005-3) is a 

steinkern with fragments of shell (?) attached along 

the posterodorsal margin, and possibly along the posterior two-thirds of the ventral margin. The specimen 

measures 2.25 millimeters in greatest length to the 

point where the posterior is broken. Morey (1936, 

p. 119) states that he found five distorted specimens 

in the Chouteau limestone. Because it is not possible 

to determine the specific characters of this species, 

it is considered as a nomen dubium. The large size 

of this species is reminiscent of B. grandis Jones in 

Kirkby, 1859.

Bairdia subquadrata Glebovskaya, 1939

Bairdia subquadrata Glebovskaya, 1939, Neft. Geol.-Razv., Inst., 

Trudy, ser. A, no. 115, p. 171, 175, pi. 2, fig. 15. 

ScJiwagerina zone, Wishera River, northern Urals, Russia.

The description and illustration of a lateral view 

of a left valve, are inadequate to define the species.

Bairdia unica Stewart and Hendrix, 1945

Bairdia unica Stewart and Hendrix, 1945, Jour. Paleontology, 

v. 19, p. 110, pi. 12, fig. 12. Olentangy shale, along 

Bartholomew Run, 80 yd north of the confluence of the 

main tributaries, 1 mile north of the Franklyn-Delaware 

County line, Ey2 SW^4 sec. 4, T. 3 N., R. 19 W., Delaware County, Ohio.

The holotype and only specimen of this species is 

a steinkern.

Bairdia spp.

Bairdia sp. Bradfield, 1935, Bull. Am. Paleontology, v. 22, no. 

73, pi. 6, figs. 7a, b. Shale, 1 ft below Otterville
42 REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OSTRACODE GENERA

formation, 200 yd south of north line and one-quarter of 

a mile west of east line sec. 12, T. 3 S., R. 2 E., Carter 

County, Okla.

Bairdia, sp. Peneau, 1927, Soc. Sci. Nat. Quest France Bull., 

ser. 4, v. 7, p. Ill, pi. 3, fig. 7. Devonian, France.

Bairdia sp. no. 1 Posner, 1951, Vsesoyuz. Neft. Nauch.-Issled. 

Geol.-Razv. Iiist, Trudy (VNIGRI), new ser., no. 58, p. 97, 

pi. 21, fig. 3. Lower Carboniferous, Russia.

The preceding taxa are based on light valves.

After this study was completed, I received on loan 

from Dr. S. A. Levinsoii a paper by Y. T. Hou, 1954, 

on some lower Permian ostracodes from western 

Hupeh, that contains the following new species not 

included in this revision:

Bairdia convexa Hou, 1954, p. 256, pi. 1, figs. 12a, b. 

subrotinda Hou, 1954, p. 257, pi. 1, figs. 13a-c. 

liupeiensis Hou, 1954, p. 257, pi. 1, fig. 14. 

fusiformis Hou, 1954, p. 258, pi. 2. figs. la-d. 

clianr/yangensis Hou, 1954, p. 258, pi. 2, figs. 2a, b. 

sinensis Hou, 1954, p. 259, pi. 2, figs. 3a-c. 

mui Hou, 1954, p. 259, pi. 2, figs. 4a-d. 

I/anffi Hou, 1954, p. 2GO. pi. 2, figs. 5a-d. 

sp. A. Hou, 1954, p. 260, pi. 2, figs. 6a, b. 

sp. B. Hou, 1954, p. 2G1, pi. 2, figs. 7a, b. 

sp. C. Hou, 1954, p. 261, pi. 2, fig. 8. 

sp. D. Hou, 1954, p. 261, pi. 1, fig. 15.

SYNONYMS AND REJECTED SPECIES OF BAIRDIA

acetalata Coryell and Billings, 1932 = Fabalicypris acetalata 

(Coryell and Billings), 1932.

acetalata Coryell and Billings. Coryell and Booth, 1933 = 

Fabalicyprisl Jioxbarensisl (Harlton), 1927.

aculeata Cooper, 1941 [not Bonnema, 1940] = B. aculeala 

Cooper, 1957.

acuta Jones wKing, 1850 = nomen duldum.

acuta Jones. Schmid, 18G7 = sp. indet.

aegua Cooper, 1941 = Ortlwbairdia cesthensis (Ulrich), 1891.

aequalis Eichwald, 1857 = Cryptobairdia aequalis (Eichwald), 

1857.

aequalis Eichwald. Jones and Kirkby, 1875 = gen. indet.

afflnis Morris, 1845 = nomen clubium.

alta Jones and Kirkby. Posner, 1951 = Bairdia sp. U.

alta var. curvirostris Posner, 1951 = Bairdia curvirostris Posner, 1951.

altifrons Knight, 1928 = Orthobairdia texana (Harlton), 1927.

am pi a Reuss, 1854 = nomen dubium.

ampla Reuss. Jones, 1859 [part] = Cryptobairdia sp. 0.; 

[part] = Bairdia sp. N.

ampla (Reuss). Richter, 1867 = probably the same as Cytliere 

brevicauda (Jones). Richter, 1867.

ampla Reuss. Jones and Kirkby, 1875 = Bairdia impederel 

Cooper, 1941.

ampla (Reuss). Jones and Kirkby, 1879 = Bairdia, sp. J?; 

Bairdia sp. P : and sp. indet.

ampla (Reuss). Kummerow, 1939 = Rectobairdia sinuosal 

(Morey), 1936.

ampla (Reuss). Cooper, 1946 = Orthobairdia texana (Harlton), 1927.

amplcctens Kesling and Kilgore, 1952 = Bairdia leauminoides 

Ulrich, 1891.

amputata Kirkby, 1859 = nomen dubium.

amputata Kirkby. Jones and Kirkby, 1879 = Rectobairdia

sp. A.

amyadaliformis Bradfield, 1935 = nomen dubium. 

anaulata Coryell and Sample, 1932 [not Brady (1870a)] =

nomen dubium (same as B. pennata). 

anc/ulata Posner, 1951 [not Brady (1870a) ; not Coryell and

Sample (1933)] = Rectobairdia posneri Sohn, n. name. 

anaulatiformis Posner, 1951 = Rectobairdia legumen") (Jones

and Kirkby), 1886.

angusta Cooper, 1946 = Bairdia anaustata Cooper, 1957. 

anomala Payne, 1937 = nomen dubium. 

anticostiensis Jones, 1890 = Krausellal anticostiensis (Jones),

1890.

arcuata (McCoy). Bassler and Kellett, 1934 = gen. indet. 

ardmorensis Harlton, 1929 = Bairdiolites ardmorensis (Harlton), 1929. 

ardmorensis Harlton. Cooper, 1946 = Bairdia harltoni Cooper,

1946. 

of. B. ardmorensis Harlton. Bradfield, 1935 = Orthobairdia

powers!? (Kellett), 1934.

attenuata Girty, 1910 = Bairdia girtyi Sohn, n. name. 

attenitata Girty. Cooper, 1941 = Bairdia sp. L. 

auricula Knight, 1928 = Ortlwbairdia Oklahoma en sis (Harlton), 1927. 

auricula Knight. Bradfield, 1935 = Bairdia beedei Ulrich and

Bassler, 1906.

bartholomewensis Stewart and Hendrix, 1945 = nomen dubium. 

bedfordensis Geis, 1932 = Bairdiacypris bedfordensis (Geis),

1932. 

beedei Ulrich and Bassler. Warthin, 1930 = Bairdia whitesideil Bradfield, 1935. 

beedei Ulrich and Bassler. Kellett, 1934 = Bairdia liurwitzi

Coryell and Booth, 1933. 

beedei Ulrich and Bassler. Johnson, 1936 = Bairdia hassi

Sohn, n. sp. 

beedei Ulrich and Bassler. Payne, 1937 = Bairdia hurwitzi 1)

Coryell and Booth, 1933. 

beedei var. abrupta Ulrich and Bassler, 1906 = Bairdia beedei

Ulrich and Bassler, 1906. 

beedei var. inflata Payne, 1937 = Bairdia hurwitsi! Coryell

and Booth, 1933. 

Ibcrnicietisis Kirkby, 1858 = Cryptobairdia? berniciensis

(Kirkby), 1858.

berniciensis (Kirkby). Richter, 1867 = Cryptobairdia sp. B. 

biacitta Bradfield, 1935 = nomen dubium. 

bicornis Bradfield, 1935 [not B. curta var. bicornis Jones and

Kirkby, 1879] = Bairdia whitesidei Bradfield, 1935. 

bidorsalis Bradfield, 1935 = Cryptobairdia coryelli? (Roth and

Skinner), 1931. 

bilobata (Minister). Jones and Kirkby, 1895 [list] = Silenites? bilobatus (Minister), 1830. 

binodosa Polenova, 1952 = gen. indet.

blakei Harlton, 1931 = Cryptobairdia coryelli (Roth and Skinner), 1931. 

blakei Harlton. Upson, 1933 = Bairdia citriformis? Knight,

1928. 

blakei Harlton. Bradfield, 1935 = Cryptobairdia seminalis

(Knight), 1928.

blakei Harlton. Cooper, 1946 = Bairdia sp. R. 

brevicauda (Jones). Richter, 1867 = sp. indet. 

brevicauda Jones. Schmid, 1867 = Rectobairdia brevicauda

(Jones), 1859.
PALEOZOIC SPECIES OF BAIRDIA AND RELATED GENERA 43

brev is Jones and Kirkby. Vine, 1884 = sp. indet.

brevis Jones and Kirkby. Cooper, 1941 = Orthobairdia sp. A.

brevis Lienenklaus, 1900, and Key, 1955; this post-Paleozoic

species = B. abbreviata Key, 1957, in Van den Bold. 

brcvia var. joncsi Posiier, 1931 = Bairdia brcris Jones and

Kirkby, 1879.

? browniana Jones, 1874 = nomen dubium.

bullet a Harris and Lalicker, 1932 = Hawortliina bull eta (Harris and Lalicker), 1932. 

calceolae Kummerow, 1953 = Rectobairdia calccolae (Kummerow), 1953. 

cestriensis Ulrich, 1891 = Orthobairdia cestriensix i Ulrich),

1891.

cestriensis Ulrich, 1891 [part], fig. 7 = sp. indet. 

cestriensis var. granulosa Girty, 1910 = Orthobairdia cestriensis (Ulrich), 1891.

chasae Kellett, 1934 = Orthobairdia texana (Harlton), 1927. 

circumcisa Jones and Kirkby, 1879 = nomen dubium. 

ciscoensis Harlton, 1927 = Bairdia beedei Ulrich and Bassler,

1906. 

ciscoensis Harlton. Bradfield, 1935 [part] = Bairdia beedei

Ulrich and Bassler, 1900; [part] = Bairdia sp. E. 

citriformis Knight. Cooper, 1946 = Bairdia crassa Harlton,

1929. 

clorensis Cooper, 1943 = Orthobairdia cestriensis'! (Ulrich),

1891.

compacta Geis, 1932 = Cryptobairdia compacta (Geis), 1932. 

compressa Geis, 1932 [not plcbia compressa Kirkby, 1858] =

Orthobairdia kirki Geis, n. name.

concava Cooper, 1946 = Bairdia whitesidei! Bradfield, 1935. 

conilata Harlton, 1929 = Bairdia beedei Ulrich and Bassler,

1906. 

contracta Morey, 1935 [not hisingeri var. contracta Jones and

Kirkby, 1895] = nomen dubium. 

contracta Morey. Scott, 1942 = Bairdia sp. M. 

cooperi Croneis and Gale, 1939 = Orthobairdia cestriensis

(Ulrich), 1891. 

conjelli Roth and Skinner, 1931 = Cryptobairdia cortjelli

(Roth and Skinner), 1931. 

crassa Harlton. Warthin. 1930 = sp. indet. 

crassa Harlton. Bradfield, 1935 = Cryptobairdia coryelli

(Roth and Skinner), 1931. 

crassa Harlton. Cordell, 1952 [part] = Cryptobairdia cori/elli

(Roth and Skinner), 1931.

crassiniarginata Cooper, 1946 = Orthobairdia poicersil (Kellett), 1934. 

cultrata Kummerow, 1939 [part] = Rectobairdiat cultrata

(Kummerow), 1939; [part] = Bairdiacypris robusta")

Kximmerow, 1939. 

cultrijugati Krommelbein, 1950 = Rectobairdia cultrijugati

( Krommelbein), 1950. 

'icuncata (Steusloff), 1X94. Kummerow, 1924 = Steusloffiita

cuncata (Steusloff), 1894. 

curta McCoy. Richter. 1855 = sp. indet. 

curta McCoy. Roemer, 1856 (?) = Bairdia sp. C. 

curta McCoy. Eichwald, 1860 [part] = Cryptobairdia aequalis

(Eichwald), 1857; [part] = Bairdia sp. D. 

curta McCoy. Jones and Kirkby, 1879 [part] = Bairdia, sp.

A; [part] = Bairdia sp. B. 

c-urta McCoy. Chapman, 1921 = sp. indet. 

curta McCoy. Kummerow, 1939 = Bairdia, sp. F. 

curta var. bicornis Jones and Kirkby, 1879 = Rectobairdia 1!

bicornis (Jones and Kirkby), 1879.

curta var. deformis Jones and Kirkby, 1879 = Rectobairdia

deformis (Jones and Kirkby), 1879. 

curta. var. hebcatux Posner, 1931 = Bairdia hebeatus Posner,

1951. 

curta var. terebfa, Jones and Kirkby, 1879 = Bairdia terebra

Jones and Kirkby, 1879. 

curt us McCoy, 1942 [nomen nudum] = Bairdia curta McCoy,

1844.

curvis Cooper, 1941 = Bairdiacypris curvis (Cooper), 1941. 

cyclas (Keyserling), 1854 = gen. indet. 

delawarensis Stewart and Hendrix, 1945 = nomen dubium. 

delicata Morey, 1935 = nomen dubium. 

delicata Morey. Cooper, 1941 = Bairdia sp. K. 

deloi Kellett, 1934 = Bairdia grahamensis"! Harlton, 1928. 

deloi Croneis and Gale, 1939 = Bairdia osorioi Croneis and

Gale, 1939 = nomen dubium. 

demissa Cooper, 1946 = Cryptobairdia. forakerensisl (Kellett),

1934. 

dcprcxxa Geis. 19:52 = Bairdia distressa (Geis), 1940, in Sohn

= Rectobairdia distressa (Geis), 1940. 

deronica Giirich, 1896 = nomen dubium. 

dissimilix Cooper, 1946 = Bairdia bradficldi'! Payne, 1937. 

distract a Eichwald, 1857 = Rishonal distracta (Eichwald),

1857.

distracta Eichwald. = Fabalicypris sp. 

distressa Geis, 1940, in Sohn = Rectobairdia distressa (Geis),

1940. 

dornickhillensis Harlton, 1929 = Orthobairdia oklahomaensis

(Harlton), 1927.

dorsalis (Richter), 1867 = nomen dubium. 

drupacea (Richter), 1855 = Cryptobairdia drupacea (Richter),

1855.

drupacea (Richter). Schmid, 1867 = sp. indet. 

drupacea (Richter). Branson, 1948 = sp. indet. 

eissensis Upson, 1933 = Bairdia garrisonensis "i Upson, 1933. 

elongata (Miinster), 1830 = nomen dubium. 

elongata (Miinster). Jones, 1850, in King = Cavellinat sp. 

elongata (Miinster). Jones, 1859, in Kirkby = Cavellinai sp. 

elongata (Miinster). Kummerow, 1939 = Bairdiacypris sp. A. 

elongata Kummerow, 1924 = gen. indet. 

elongata Lienenklaus, 1900; and Key, 1955 = 5. longa Key,

1957, in van den Bold. 

emaciata Kesling and Kilgore, 1952 = Rectobairdia'i emaciata

(Kesling and Kilgore), 1952.

epicypha Kesling and Kilgore, 1955 = Rishona epicypha (Kesling and Kilgore), 1955. 

excisa Eichwald, 1857 = nomen dubium. 

extenda Gibson, 1955 = nomen dubium. 

florenaensis Upson, 1933 = Orthobairdia texana'! (Harlton),

1927.

folgeri Kellett, 1934 = Cryptobairdia folgeri (Kellett), 1934. 

forakerensis Kellett, 1934 = Cryptobairdia forakerensis (Kellett), 1934.

fragosa Morey, 1935 = Rectobairdia'i fragosa (Morey), 1935. 

frumcntiim Reuss, 1854 = nomen dubium. 

galei Croneis and Thurman. Cooper, 1941 = tBairdia sohni

Coryell and Rozanski, 1942.

garrixonctixix Upson. Kellett, 1934 = Bairdia hasfti Sohn, n. sp. 

garrisonensis Upson. Scott and Borger, 1941 = Bairdia hassi

Sohn, n. sp.

garrisonensis Upson. Glebovskaya, 1939 = sp. indet. 

gcinitziatw (Jones), 1S50 = Fabalicyprisl geinitziana (Jones),

1850.
44 REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OSTRACODE GENERA

geinitziana (Jones). Reuss, 1854 = Orthobairdia texanai 

(Harlton), 1927.

geinitziana (Jones). Richter, 1855 = sp. indet.

geisi Kellett, 1934 = nomen dubium.

geisi Kellett. Scott and Borger, 1941 = Bairdia pompilioidesl 

Harlton, 1928.

gibbera Kesling and Kilgore, 1952 [not B. gibbera Morey, 

1935] = RisJiona epicypha (Kesling and Kilgore), 1955.

gibbosa Payne, 1937 = Cryptobairdia coryelli (Roth and Skinner), 1931.

glennensis Harlton, 1927 = Fabalicypris glennensis (Harlton), 

1927.

glennensis Harlton. Knight, 1928 = Bairdiacyprisi sp. indet.

glennensis Harlton. Bradfield, 1935 = IFabalicypris Jwxbarensis (Harlton), 1927.

glennensis Harlton. Glebovskaya, 1939 = Bairdiacyprisi sp. 

iudet.

cf. B. glennensis Harlton. Cooper, 1946 = sp. indet.

glennensis Harlton. Marple, 1952 = sp. indet.

golcondensis Croneis and Gale. Cooper, 1941 = Bairdia impederel Cooper, 1941.

golcondensis Croneis and Gale. Cooper, 1947 = Orthobairdia 

cestriensisl (Ulrich), 1891.

gracilis McCoy, 1842 = nomen nudum.

gracilis McCoy, 1844 = nomen dubium.

gracilis McCoy. Reuss, 1854 = Cryptobairdiai subgracilis 

(Geinitz), 1861.

gracilis McCoy. Richter, 1855 = Cryptobairdiai subgracilis 

(Geinitz), 1861.

gracilis Alexander, 1929 = Bairdia round yi Alexander, 1932, 

a post-Paleozoic species.

gracillima Richter, 1867 = nomen dubium.

grahamensis Harlton. Warthin, 1930 = Ortlwbairdia sp. B.

grandis Jones and Kirkby, 1879 = Bairdia harltonil Cooper, 

1946.

granireticulata Harlton, 1929 = OrtJiobairdia cestriensis (Ulrich), 1891.

granireticulata Harlton. Cooper, 1941 = Bairdia sp. J.

grai/i Crespin, 194-1 = Silcnites grayi (Crespin), 1945.

grifflthiana Jones and Holl, 1868 = nomen dubium.

guadalupiana Hamilton, 1942 = Orthobairdia texana (Harlton), 1927.

haworthi Knight, 1928 = Cryptobairdia haivorthi (Knight), 

1928.

haworthi Knight. Warthin, 1930 = Fabalicypris warthini 

(Bradfield), 1935.

hexagona Polenova, 1952 = Rectobairdia hexagona (Polenova), 

1952.

hextensis Harlton, 1929 = Rectobairdia fi Jiextensis (Harlton), 

1929.

Jiisingeri (Munster), 1830 = nomen dubium.

Jiisingeri (Munster). Jones and Kirkby, 1879 = Rectobairdia 

sp. D.

Jiisingeri (Munster). Jones and Kirkby, 1895 = Rectobairdia 

sp. C.

Jiisingeri (Munster). Kummerow, 1939 [part] = Rectobairdia 

sinitofial (Morey), 1036 [part] = Rectobairdia sp. B.

Jiisingeri (Munster). Sylvester-Bradley, 1950 = Rectobairdia 

distressai (Geis), 1940.

Jiisingeri var. contracta Jones and Kirkby, 1895 = Cryptobairdia contractella Sohn, n. name.

Jiisingeri var. mongoliensis Jones and Kirkby, 1892 = Rectobairdia monyoliemis (Jones and Kirkby), 1892.

hisingeriform-is Posner, 1951 = Rectobairdia sinuosal (Morey),

1936. 

hispida Harlton. Coryell and Sample, 1932 = Bairdia beedei

Ulrich and Bassler, 1906. 

Jiispida var. alto, Bradfield, 1935 = Bairdia beedei Ulrich and

Bassler, 1906. 

Jiispida var. lesterica Bradfield, 1935 = Cryptobairdia coryellil

(Roth and Skinner), 1931. 

Jwffmanae Kellett, 1934 = Cryptobairdia hoffmanae (Kellett),

1934. 

hooverae Kellett, 1934 = Cryptobairdia Jwoverac (Kellett),

1934.

hooverae Kellett. Payne, 1937 = sp. indet. 

hooverae Kellett. Cooper, 1946 = Cryptobairdia sp. A. 

hoxbarensis Harlton, 1927 = Fabalicyprisl hoxbarensis (Harlton), 1927. 

hoxbarensis Harlton. Harlton, 1929 = Orthobairdia texana

(Harlton), 1927. 

hoxbarensis Harlton. Bradfield, 1935 = Orthobairdia texana

(Harlton), 1927. 

hoxbarensis Harlton. Kellett, 1934 = Fabalicypris acetalata

(Coryell and Billings), 1932. 

hoxbarensis Harlton. Johnson, 1936 = Fabalicypris acetalatal

(Coryell and Billings), 1936. 

ho.cbarcnsis Harlton. Payne, 1937 = Fabalicypris acetalatal

(Coryell and Billings), 1932. 

hoxbarensis Harlton. Scott and Borger, 1941 = Fabalicypris

acetalata (Coryell and Billings), 1932. 

ignota Bradfield, 1935 = nomen dubium. 

illinoiensis Scott and Borger, 1941 = Basslerellal illinoiensis

(Scott and Borger), 1941. 

insolens Cooper, 1941 = Orthobairdia cestriensisl (Ulrich),

1891.

irionensis Delo, 1930 = Bairdia pecosensisl Delo, 1930. 

jonesiana Kirkby 1858 = gen. indet.

kanwakensis Kellett, 1935= Cryptobairdia forakerensisl (Kellett), 1934.

cf. B. kelletti Glebovskaya. Glebovskaya, 1938 = Cryptobairdia 1 sp. indet.

kingi Reuss, 1854 = nomen dubium. 

kingiana (Reuss). Richter, 1867 = sp. indet. 

kingii Reuss. Kirkby, 1858 = Cryptobairdia sp. D. 

kingii Reuss. Cooper, 1946 = Ban-dial sp. S. 

kingii var. compressa Kirkby, 1859 = Cryptobairdia compressa

(Kirkby), 1858.

kolwensis Glebovskaya 1939 = gen. indet. 

korzenewskajae Posner, 1951 = Rectobairdia korzenewskajae

(Posner), 1951. 

laevigata (Eichwald), 1857 = Rishonal laevigata (Bichwald),

1857. 

lancelata Gibson, 1955 = Bairdia extenda Gibson, 1955 = nomen

dubium.

lanulata Harlton, 1929 = nomen dubium. 

Icyumen Jones and Kirkby, 1886 = Rectobairdia legumen

(Jones and Kirkby), 1886.

lenticulata Stewart and Hendrix, 1945 = nomen dubium. 

lepidocentri Krommelbein, 1950 = Rectobairdia lepidocentri

( Krommelbein), 1950.

Jongirostris Bradfield, 1935 = nomen dubium. 

Junata Bradfield, 1935 = nomen dubium. 

Junata Bradfield. Cooper, 1946 = Bairdial sp. T. 

mccoyi Croneis and Gutke. Cooper, 1941 = Bairdia girtyi

Sohn, n. name.
PALEOZOIC SPECIES OF BAIRDIA AND RELATED GENERA 45

magnacurta Morey, 1935 = Cryptobairdia com pact a"! (Geis),

1932.

magnacurta Morey. Morey, 1936 = Bairdia sp. O. 

marg'mata Harlton, 1929 [not Bosquet, 1852] = Bairdia grahamensis"! Harlton, 1928. 

marginata Richter, 1867 = nomen dubium. 

marmorea Kellett, 1934 = Bairdia beedei Ulrich and Bassler,

1906. 

maxeyi Harris and Lalicker, 1932 = Cryptobairdia maxeyi

(Harris and Lalicker), 1932. 

menardensis Harlton, 1929 = Bairdia grahamensis Harlton,

1928.

menardvillensis Harlton, 1931 = Bairdia grahamensis? Harlton, 1928.

merivia Benson, 1955 = Cryptobairdia compactai (Geis), 1932. 

? micro Opik, 1937 = Recent (?) Candonal 

moor el Knight, 1928 = Bairdia beedeil Ulrich and Bassler,

1906. 

mossolovellaeformis Egorov, 1953 = Rectobairdia mossolovellaeformis (Egorov), 1953. 

mucronata Reuss, 1854 = nomen dubium. 

mucronata Reuss. Kirkby, 1850 [part] = Cryptobairdia amygdalina (Kirkby), 1859; [part] = Bairdia caudata Kirkby,

1859.

murchisoniana Jones and Holl, 1868 = nomen dubium. 

nasuta Morey, 1935 = nomen dubium. 

nebraskensis Upson, 1933 = Fabalicypris acetalata (Coryell

and Billings), 1932.

nevensis Kellett, 1934 = Orthobairdia texana (Harlton), 1927. 

nitida Jones and Kirkby, 1879 = nomen dubium. 

nitlda Harlton, 1928 = Cryptobairdia coryelli (Roth and Skinner), 1931.

nitida Harlton. Warthin, 1930 = Bairdia whitesideil Bradfield, 1935.

notoconstricta Gibson, 1955 = nomen dubium. 

nyei Crespin, 1945 = nomen dubium. 

occidentalis Girty, 1909 = gen. indet. 

oklahomaensis Harlton, 1927 = Orthobairdia Oklahoma ensis

(Harlton), 1927.

? osorioi Croneis and Gale, 1939 = nomen dubium. 

osorioi Croneis and Gale. Cooper, 1941 = Cryptobairdia sp. E. 

ovata (Eichwald). Eichwald, 1860; illustration not seen. 

paffrathensis Kummerow, 1953 = Balrdlacyprlsl paffrathensis

(Kummerow), 1953.

parmula Richter, 1867 = nomen dubium. 

pecki Morey, 1935 = Bekena pecki (Morey), 1935. 

pecosensis var. graciosa Glebovskaya, 1939 = Bairdia graciosa

Glebovskaya, 1939.

pennata Coryell and Sample, 1932 = nomen nudum. 

pennata Coryell and Sample, 1933 = nomen dubium. 

perincerta Kellett, 1934 = Orthobairdia powersi") (Kellett),

1934.

permiana Hamilton, 1942 = Bairdia pecosensis Delo, 1930. 

perplexa Coryell and Rozanski, 1942 = Fabalicyprlsl perplexa

(Coryell and Rozanski), 1942. 

phillipsiana Jones and Holl, 1869 = gen. indet. 

pinnula Coryell and Booth, 1933 = Cryptobairdia pinnula

(Coryell and Booth), 1933. 

planoconvexa Coryell and Williamson, 1936 = Camdenideai

planoconvexa (Coryell and Williamson), 1936. 

plebia Reuss, 1854 = nomen dubium. 

plebia Reuss. Kirkby, 1858 = Bairdia sp. I. 

plebia Reuss. Jones, 1959, in Kirkby = sp. indet. 

509584 O 60 3

plebia Reuss. Jones and Kirkby, 1S79 = Bairdia sp. L? 

plebia Reuss. Jones and Kirkby, 1892 = Bairdia harltonil

Cooper, 1946. 

aff. B. plebia Reuss. Girty, 1908 = Bairdia pecosensisi Delo,

1930.

plebia Reuss. Kummerow, 1939 = Bairdia sp. Q. 

plebia var. alt a Jones and Kirkby, 1895 = Orthobairdia cestriensisl (Ulrich), 1891. 

plebia var. amygdalina Kirkby, 1859 = Cryptobairdia amygdalina (Kirkby), 1859. 

plebia var. brevicauda Jones, 1859, in Kirkby = Rectobairdia

brevicauda (Jones), 1859. 

plebia var. caudata Kirkby, 1859 [part] = Bairdia caudata

Kirkby, 1859; [part] = B. lepturai (Richter), 1867;

[part] = sp. indet. 

plebia var. caudata Kirkby. Jones, 1859 = Bairdia caudata

Kirkby, 1859. 

plebia var. compressa Kirkby, 1858 = Cryptobairdia compressa

(Kirkby), 1858. 

plebia var. elongata Kirkby, 1858 = Bairdia elongatella Sohn,

n. name.

plebia var. grandis Jones, 1859, in Kirkby = nomen dubium. 

plebia var. munda Jones and Kirkby, 1875 = nomen dubium. 

plebia var. neptuni Kirkby, 1858 = Bairdia neptuni Kirkby,

1858. 

plebia. var. reussiana Kirkby, 1859 = Bairdia reussiana Kirkby,

1858.

plebia var. rhombica Jones, 1859 = nomen dubium. 

plebia var. ventricosa Kirkby, 1859 = Cryptobairdia ventricosa

(Kirkby), 1858.

plicatula Polenova, 1952 = Bekenal plicatula (Polenova), 1952. 

polenovae Samoilova, 1951 = nomen dubium. 

polygonata Scott, 1942 = nomen dubium. 

pompilioides Harlton. Warthin, 1930 = Bairdia whitesidei 1?

Bradfield, 1935. 

pottsvillensis Harlton, 1929 (in expl. of pi. 2) = Orthobairdia

oklahomaensis (Harlton), 1927.

powersi Kellett, 1934 = Orthobairdia powersi (Kellett), 1934. 

praeclsa Jones and Kirkby, 1879 = Cryptobairdia praeclsa

(Jones and Kirkby), 1879. 

protracta Eichwald, 1860 = Rlshonal protracta (Eichwald),

1860. 

pruniseminata Sohn, 1954 = Pustulobalrdia pruniseminata

(Sohn), 1954.

pseudocestriensis Pfibyl and Snajdr, 1950 = gen. indet. 

pseudomagna Stewart and Hendrix, 1945 = nomen dubium. 

punctata Bradfield, 1935 = Bairdia whitesidei"j Bradfield, 1935. 

pyrrhae Eichwald, 1860 = gen. indet., referred to Jonesina by

Bassler and Kellett (1934, p. 342). 

quadraspinosa Scott and Borger, 1941 = Basslerellal quadraspinosa (Scott and Borger), 1941. 

qualeni Eichwald, 1857 = gen. indet.

quartsiana Egorov, 1953 = Bairdiacypris") quartsiana (Egorov), 1953.

recta Harlton, 1929 = Cryptobairdia recta (Harlton), 1929. 

renaultensis Croneis and Gutke, 1939 = Bairdia mccoyi Croneis

and Gutke, 1939.

renifortnis Kirkby, 1858 = Orthobairdlal subreniformis (Kirkby), 1859.

reussiana Kirkby. Richter, 1867 = sp. indet. 

reussiana Kirkby. Upson, 1933 = Bairdia matfleldensis") Upson, 1933. 

reussiana Kirkby. Kellett, 1934 = Rectobairdia symmetrical

(Cooper), 1946.
46 REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OSTRACODE GENERA

reussiana Kirkby. Glebovskaya, 1939 = Rectobairdia sp. H.

reussiana Kirkby. Cordell, 1952 [part] == Rectobairdia symmetrica? (Cooper), 1946; [part] = Bairdia subfusiformisl 

Hamilton, 1942; [part] = Bairdia reussiana, Kirkby, 1858.

reussiana, var. ischimbajevensis Glebovskaya, 1938 = nomen 

dubium.

rhomboidea Kirkby, 1858 = Cryptobairdial rhomboidea (Kirkby), 1858.

rhomboidea Kirkby. Schmid, 1867 = sp. indet.

cf. B. rhomboidea Kirkby. Cooper, 1946 = sp. indet.

rockfordensis Gibson, 1955 = nomen dubium.

rogatsi Coryell and Sample, 1932 = Fabalicypris acetalata 

(Coryell and Billings), 1932.

rostrata Pe"neau, 1929 [part] = nomen dubium; [part] = Alanella") dubia Kesling and Sohn, 1958.

rostrata Issler, 1908 [senior primary homonym] = gen. indet. 

(Lias).

salemensis Geis, 1932 = Bairdia permagna Geis, 1932.

salteriana Jones and Holl, 1868 = gen. indet.

samplei Coryell and Booth, 1933 = Bairdia beedei Ulrich and 

Bassler, 1906.

saxifraga Krommelbein, 1954 = Rectobairdia saxifraga (Krommelbein), 1954.

scapha Eichwald, 1860 = gen. indet.

schaurothiana Kirkby, 1858 = Rectobairdia schaurothiana 

(Kirkby), 1858.

schaurothiana Kirkby. Kirkby, 1862 [part] = Rectobairdia 

sp. E; [part] Rectobairdia schaurotMtma (Kirkby), 1858.

schaurothiana Kirkby. Cooper, 1946 = Rectobairdia sp. G.

schaurothiana Kirkby. Marple, 1952 = Rectobairdia sp. G.

scholli Coryell and Booth, 1933 = Orthobairdia texanal (Harlton), 1927.

scholli Coryell and Booth. Cooper, 1946 = Cryptobairdia pinnulai (Coryell and Booth), 1933.

scholli Coryell and Booth. Cordell, 1952 = Cryptobairdia pinnula (Coryell and Booth), 1933.

seligi Delo, 1930 = Bairdia beedeil Ulrich and Bassler, 1906.

semilunulata Netschajew, 1894 = nomen dubium.

seminalis Knight, 1928 = Cryptobairdia seminalis (Knight), 

1928.

seminalis Knight. Kellett, 1934 = Bairdia beedei 1} Ulrich and 

Bassler, 1906.

seminalis Knight. Payne, 1937 = Orthobairdia oklahomaensis 

(Harlton) 1927.

seminalis Knight. Coryell and Rozanski, 1942 = Orthobairdia 

cestriensisl (Ulrich) 1891.

seminalis^ Knight. Cooper, 1946 = Bairdia beedeil Ulrich 

and Bassler, 1906.

seminalis Knight. Cordell, 1952 = Bairdia beedeil Ulrich and 

Bassler, 1906.

shideleri Delo, 1930 = Fabalicypris shideleri (Delo), 1930.

siliguoides Jones and Kirkby, 1879 = gen. indet.

singularis Krommelbein, 1954 = Cryptobairdia 4) singularis 

(Krommelbein), 1954.

sinuosa Morey, 1936 = Rectobairdia sinuosa (Morey), 1936.

sinuosa Cooper, 1941 = Ortliobairdia cestriensisl (Ulrich), 

1891.

spinosa Cooper, 1946 = Pustulobairdia spinosa (Cooper), 1946.

spinosa Polenova, 1952 [not Cooper, 1946] = Rectobairdia 

tikhyi'! (Polenova), 1952.

aff. B. spinosa Cooper. Sohn, 1954 = Pustulobairdia sp. A.

stictica Krommelbein, 1950 = Orthobairdia stictica (Krgmmelbein), 1950.

subaequalis Geis, 1932 = Fabalicypris ? subaequalis (Geis), 

1932.

subampla Posner, 1951 = Bairdia gibberaf Morey, 1935.

subcitriformis Knight, 1928 == Bairdia pompilioides Harlton, 

1928.

subconvexa Coryell and Billings. Tasch, 1953 [misspelling for 

sitbrexa] = Cryptobairdia folgerit (Kellett), 1934.

subcylindrica (Miinster). Kummerow, 1939 = gen. indet.

subelongata Jones and Kirkby, 1879 [part] = Bairdiacypris 

subelongata (Jones and Kirkby), 1879; [part] = Cryptobairdia sp. F; [part] = Rectobairdia sp. F; [part] = 

Fabalicypris ? sp. indet.

subelongata Jones and Kirkby. Vine, 1884 = sp. indet.

subelongata Jones and Kirkby. Jones and Kirkby, 1892 = 

Bairdiacypris sp. A?

subelongata Jones and Kirkby. Harlton, 1927 = Fabalicypris 

acetalata (Coryell and Billings), 1932.

subelongatal Jones and Kirkby. Knight, 1928 = Fabalicyprisl 

sp. indet.

subelongata Jones and Kirkby. Harlton, 1929 = Bairdiacyprisl 

trojana (Wilson), 1933.

cf. B. subelongata Jones and Kirkby. Cooper, 1941 = Bairdiacypris sp. indet.

subelongata var. major Jones and Kirkby, 1886 = Bairdiacypris major (Jones and Kirkby), 1886.

subequalis Geis. Sohn, 1940 = Fabalicypris"! subaequalis 

(Geis), 1932.

subgracilis Geinitz, 1861 = Cryptobairdial subgracilis (Geinitz), 1861.

subgracilis Geinitz. Jones and Kirkby, 1879 = Cryptobairdia') 

sp.

submucronata Jones and Kirkby. Kummerow, 1939 = Bairdia 

sp. H.

subparallela Morey, 1935 = nomen dubium.

subquadrata Glebovskaya, 1939 = nomen dubium.

subreniformis (Kirkby), 1859 = Orthobairdia ? subreniformis 

(Kirkby), 1859.

subroundata Harlton, 1929 = gen. indet.

subtila Cooper, 1941 = Cryptobairdia ? subtila (Cooper), 1941.

subtilla Gibson, 1955 = Bairdia hypsoconchal Gibson, 1955.

subvexa Coryell and Billings, 1932-= Rectobairdia subvexa 

(Coryell and Billings), 1932.

summa Coryell and Billings. Cooper, 1946 = Cryptobairdia 

hoffmanael (Kellett), 1932.

summacuminata Coryell and Malkin, 1936 = Bairdia leguminoides Ulrich, 1891.

symmetrica Cooper, 1946 = Rectobairdia s-ymmetrioa (Cooper), 

1946.

symmetrica Egorov, 1953 [not Cooper, 1946] = Bairdia egorovi 

Sohn, n. name.

tant ilia Kummerow, 1953 = Rectobairdia tantilla (Kummerow), 1953.

texana Harlton 1927 = Orthobairdia texana (Harlton), 1927.

tichomirovi Egorov, 1953 = Rectobairdia tichomirovi (Egorov), 

1953.

tikhyi Polenova, 1952 = Rectobairdia tikhyi (Polenova), 1952.

trojana Wilson, 1933 = Bairdiaci/pris"! trojana (Wilson), 1933.

truncata Kirkby, 1858 = Bairdia amputata Kirkby, 1859 = 

nomen dubium.

tumida Kummerow, 1928 = gen. indet.

tnmida Upson, 1933 = Bairdia, crassa"! Harlton, 1929.

unica Stewart and Hendrix, 1945 = nomen dubium.

ventricosa Kirkby, 1858 = Cryptobairdia ventricosa (Kirkby), 

1858.
PALEOZOIC SPECIES OF BAIRDIA AND RELATED GENERA 47

ventricosa Roth and Skinner, 1930 = Cryptobairdia coryelli

(Roth and Skinner), 1931. 

verwiebei Kellett. Cooper, 1946 = Bairdia acuminata Cooper,

1946.

? volaformis Polenova, 1952 = gen. indet. 

wabashensis Scott and Borger, 1941 = gen. indet. 

warthini Bradfield, 1935 = Fabalicypris warthini (Bradfield),

1935. 

whortani Kellett, 1935 = Cryptobairdia forakerensis (Kellett),

1934.

wordensis Hamilton, 1942 = Ceratobairdia wordensis (Hamilton) 1942. 

wrefordensis Upson, 1933 = Bairdia beedei"? Ulrich and Bassler, 1906.

sp. Bradfield, 1935 = position uncertain, 

sp. 1 to sp. 8 Cordell, 1952 [not revised because of obviously

inadequate material].

sp. 9 Cordell, 1952 = Bairdia pompilioidesl Harlton, 1928. 

sp. Hou, 1955 = steinkern of Healdia"? 

sp. Kummerow, 1939 = gen. indet. 

sp. Pe"neau, 1927 = position uncertain, 

sp. No. 1 Posner, 1951 = position uncertain. 

? sp. Scott, 1942 = position uncertain, 

sp. Stewart, 1936 = position uncertain. 

? sp. Stewart, 1950 = position uncertain. 

sp. A Upson, 1933 = steinkern, gen. undet.

Genus CRYPTOBAIRDIA Sohn, n. gen.

Type species. Bairdia ventricosa Roth and Skinner, 

1930 [not Kirkby, 1858], Jour. Paleontology, v. 4, p. 

352, pi. 28, figs. 12-14. Pennsylvania, Colorado; = B. 

coryelli Roth and Skinner, 1931.

Diagnosis. Differs from Bairdia s. s. by the dorsoanterior margin being not distinct.

Discussion. This genus is unique in having a 

rounded anterior margin into which the dorsal margin 

grades without differentiation of a dorsoanterior margin. It resembles Bairdia s. s. in having a convex 

dorsal margin, a pointed or bluntly pointed posterior, 

and curved sides in dorsal outline.

The genus Cryptobairdia is defined as not possessing 

a distinct dorsoanterior margin. It consists of two 

groups: in the first the greatest height is equal to more 

than half the greatest length, in the second the greatest 

height is less than half the greatest length. A total 

of 29 species, 6 of which are new, but are here designated by letter, are recognized. These are defined by 

a dichotomous key. The stratigraphic range and the 

frequency of occurrence of these species are shown in 

figure 7.

Figure 7 shows that 21 of the total of 29 species 

are of Middle Pennsylvanian through Permian in age. 

These species are recorded from 44 out of 57 localities; 

the remaining 13 localities are one each from the 

Middle and Upper Devonian, and 11 from Mississippian and Carboniferous.

Geologic range. Middle Devonian-Permian.

Lithology. Limestone and shale.

Habitat. Marine.

NUMBER OF SPECIES AND LOCALITIES 

20 30

PERMIAN

CO

co 

co 

co 

co

Upper

Middle

Lower

Upper

Lower

Upper

Middle

oQ,

LLJ

o I

00 i 

CE 0. 

< -o

O S

EXPLANATION

Number of species restricted to 

system or parts of system

LI

Number of species recorded in system or part 

of system, the types of which are from the 

Permian

Number of species recorded in system or part 

of system, the types of which are from the 

Upper Pennsylvanian

Number of species recorded in system or part 

of system, the types of which are from the 

Middle Pennsylvanian

Number of species recorded in system or part 

of system, the types of which are from the 

Upper Mississippian

Number of localities or stratigraphic levels 

from which the species are recorded

FIGURE 7. Stratigraphic range and frequency distribution of species in Cryptobairdia.
48 REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OSTRACODE GENERA

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CRYPTOBAIRDIA

1. Greatest height more than half the greatest length. 2 

la. Greatest height less than half the greatest length. 14

2. Ventral margin straight.______________________ 9

2a. Ventral margin curved----__--_-_----__----__- 3

3 (2). Dorsoposterior margin approximately one-third of 

of the greatest length.______________________ 4

3a. Dorsoposterior margin about one-half of the greatest 

length,___________________________________ 7

4(3). Greatest width below midheight----_--_-----_-_ 12

4a. Greatest width at midheight_._________________ 5

5 (4a). Ends blunt in dorsal outline.__________________ 6

5a. Ends pointed in dorsal outline.____ compacta (p. 49),

(magnacurta?, merivia"?)

6 (5). Both ends convex in dorsal outline_ __ folgeri (p. 50) 

6a. Posterior ends concave in dorsal outline.--____ sp. A

(p. 51)

7 (3a). Posterior blunt in lateral outline...... __ recta (p. 50)

7a. Posterior pointed in lateral outline _____________ 8

8 (7a). Dorsoposterior part of right valve inflated

forakerensis (p. 50), (demissa!', 

kanwakensis"?, whortani) 

8a. Dorsoposterior part of right valve not inflated

pinnula (p. 50)

9 (2a). Ventral margin concave.._____________________ 13

9a. Ventral margin covex--__-----__---__-_______- 10

10 (9a). Dorsoposterior margin convex______ seminalis (p. 51)

lOa. Dorsoposterior margin concave.________________ 11

11 (lOa). Greatest width equal to or larger than greatest

height.--. __ coryelli (p. 49), (bidorsalis?, gibbosa,

hispida var. lesterica?, nitida)

lla. Greatest width less than greatest height. ___ drupacea

(p. 49)

12 (4). Posterior point in ventral third of greatest height; 

greatest width approximately equal to greatest 

height, located median.__________ hooverne (p. 50)

12a. Posterior point in ventral quarter of greatest height; 

greatest width two-thirds the greatest height, 

located anterior to midleiigth _ _ _ _ praecisa (p. 50)

13 (9). Dorsoposterior margin to one-third of the greatest 

length___-_______--__-_______-____ sp. B (p. 52)

13a. Dorsoposterior margin to one-quarter of the greatest 

length______________________ contractella (p. 49)

14 (la). Ventral margin straight.._____________________ 15

14a. Ventral margin curved..._____________________ 19

15 (14). Dorsoposterior margin to one-quarter of greatest 

length.----___-_________________-__-____._ 16

15a. Dorsoposterior margin to one-third or more of 

greatest length,.___________________________ 17

16 (15). Ends symmetrical in dorsal outline; greatest width at 

midlength.___________________ hoffmanae (p. 50)

16a. Ends not symmetrical in dorsal outline; posterior 

blunt.._______________ aequalis (p. 48) (distractal)

17 (15a). Ventroposterior margin straight_.______ sp. C (p. 52)

17a. Ventroposterior margin convex_________________ 18

18 (17a). Anterior margin round..__________ compressa (p. 49)

18a. Anterior margin bluntly pointed.______ sp. E (p. 52)

19 (14a). Ventral margin convex_____________________.__ 20

19a. Ventral margin concave.______________________ 21

20 (19). Dorsoposterior margin straight; dorsoanterior margin

straight to slightly concave,___ rhomboidea (p. 51)

20a. Dorsoposterior margin concave; dorsoanterior margin

convex. ___________________________________ 28

21 (19a). Dorsoposterior margin to one-quarter of greatest 

length._-______------------__-----------_- 22

2la. Dorsoposterior margin to one-third or more of 

greatest length__--____---_--------_________ 24

22 (21). Greatest height about one-third of greatest length

subgracilis (p. 51)

22a. Greatest height more than one-third of greatest 

length.__-_____------_----_----------_--_- 23

23 (22a). Greatest width in dorsal outline at midlength..__ 27 

23a. Greatest width in dorsal outline behind midlength

subtilal (p. 51)

24 (21a). Anterior margin pointed. _--_--------_------_- 25

24a. Anterior margin round---------__----_-------- 26

25 (24). Dorsoposterior margin convex. ________ sp. D (p. 52)

25a. Dorsoposterior margin concave.______ maxeyi (p. 50)

26 (24a). Greatest height more than one-third of greatest 

length; junction of ventroanterior and anterior 

margins at approximately midheight____- haworthi

(p. 50)

26a. Greatest height one-third or less of greatest length; 

junction of ventroanterior and anterior margins 

above midheight------------------- sp. F (p. 52)

27 (23). Sides of posterior in dorsal outline convex, singularis

(p. 51)

27a. Sides of posterior in dorsal outline concave, ventricosa

(p. 51)

28 (20a). Posterior point below midheight-__---._- amygdalina

(p. 48) 

28a. Posterior point above midheight- _______ berniciensis

(p. 49) 

ASSIGNED SPECIES

Cryptobairdia aequalis (Eichwald), 1857 

Bairdia aequalis Eichwald, 1857, Soc. Imp. Nat., Moscou. Bull.,

v. 30, pt. 2, no. 4, p. 311 [no illus.].

Eichwald, 1860, Letheae Rossica, v. 1, p. 1340, atlas, pi. 

52, figs. 6a-c [probably a corroded specimen]. Carboniferous, village of Sloboda, Toula Government, Russia. 

IBairdia curta McCoy. Eichwald, 1860 [part], Letheae Rossiea, v. 1, p. 1338, atlas, pi. 52, figs. 18a-c [not figs 17a-c = 

Bairdia sp. D]. Carboniferous, red sandstone, near 

Tschuodowa, Government of St. Petersburg, Russia, 

[not] Bairdia aequalis Eichwald. Jones and Kirkby, 1875 = 

gen. indet.

In 1860, Eichwald (p. 1340) referred to this species 

as "B. aequalis Eichwald, 1857, Soc. Natur. Moscou 

Bull., p. 199." I am unable to obtain numbers 1 and 

2 of this bulletin, but in number 4, he discussed this 

species (p. 311) without reference to any previous 

citation. Jones and Kirkby (1875, p. 53) and Bassler 

and Kellett (1934, p. 164) refer to this species as 

Eichwald, 1857, p. 311.

Geologic range. Carboniferous.

Cryptobairdia amygdalina (Kirkby), 1859

Bairdia plebia var. amygdalina Kirkby, 1859, Tyneside Naturalists' Field Club Trans., v. 4, p. 145, text fig. 5, pi. 9, 

figs. 11, lla. Permian, shell limestone, Tunstall Hill, 

Durham, England.

Bairdia mucronata Reuss. Kirkby, 1858 [part], Annals Mag. 

Nat. History, ser. 3, v. 2, p. 327, pi. 10, figs. 11, lla 

[not figs. 9, 10; see Bairdia caudata Kirkby, 1859]. 

Same illustrations as above.
PALEOZOIC SPECIES OF BAIRDIA AND RELATED GENERA 49

[not] Bairdia mucronata Reuss, 1854 = nomen dubiurn. 

Geologic range, Permian.

Cryptobairdia? berniciensis (Kirkby), 1858

Bairdia"! berniciensis Kirkby, 1858, Annals Mag. Nat. History, 

ser. 3, v. 2, p. 330, pi. 10, figs. 15, 15a. Permian limestone, Tunstall Hill, Durham, England. 

Kirkby, 1859, Tyneside Naturalists' Field Club Trans., v. 

4, p. 149, woodcuts 13, pi. 9, fig. 15. Same locality as 

above.

[not] Cythere berniciensis (Kirkby). Richter, 1867 = Cryptobairdia sp. B.

Geologic range. Permian.

Cryptobairdia compacta (Geis), 1932 

Bairdia compacta Geis, 1932, Jour. Paleontology, v. 6, p. 177,

pi. 25, figs. 14a-d. Salem limestone, Indiana. 

Wairdia magnacurta Morey, 1935, Jour. Paleontology, v. 9,

p. 323, pi. 22, fig. 22. Sylamore sandstone, Williamsburg,

Mo. 

Wairdia, merivia Benson, 1955, Jour. Paleontology, v. 29, p.

1033, pi. 107, figs. 7, 12. Pern Glen formation, railroad

cut Fern Glen Station, SE%SE% sec. 14, T. 44 N, R.

4 E., St. Louis County, Mo.

Geologic range. Upper Devonian (?), Mississippian.

Cryptobairdia compressa (Kirkby), 1858

Bairdia plebia var. compressa Kirkby, 1858, Annals Mag. Nat. 

History, ser. 3, v. 2, p. 325, pi. 10, figs. 7, 7a. Permian 

Shell limestone of Tunstall Hill (?), Durham, England.

Bairdia kingii var. compressa Kirkby, 1859, Tyneside Naturalists' Field Club Trans., v. 4, p. 148, woodcuts 12, 

pi. 9, figs. 7, 7a. Same as above.

[not] Bairdia compressa Geis, 1932 = Orthobairdia kirki n. 

name.

Geologic range. Permian.

Cryptobairdia contractella Solin, n. name

Bairdia hisingeri var. contracta Jones and Kirkby, 1895, Annals Mag. Nat. History, ser. 6, v. 16, p. 475, pi. 21, fig. 7. 

Carboniferous limestone, Dowgill, Settle, Scotland.

[not] Bairdia contracta Jones, 1857, Monograph Tertiary Entomostraca of England: Palaeontogr. Soc. London, p. 

53, pi. 5, figs. la-c. Eocene, England; senior primary 

homonym = Paracypris.

[not] Bairdia contracta Morey, 1935 = Junior homonym. Because the holotype of Morey's species (Missouri Univ. 

No. 0.1029-5) is a steinkern so badly corroded that it is 

not possible to determine the specific characters, it is 

best not to rename the species, but to carry it as nomen 

dubiurn.

[not] Bairdia contracta Morey. Scott, 1942 = Bairdia sp. M.

Geologic range. Carboniferous.

Cryptobairdia coryelli (Roth and Skinner), 1931

Plate 2, figures 16-19

Bairdia coryelli Roth and Skinner, 1931, Jour. Paleontology, 

v. 5, p. 48; new name for B. ventricom Roth and Skinner, 1930 [not Kirkby, 1858].

Cooper, 1946, Illinois Geol. Survey Bull. 70, p. 43, pi. 2, 

figs. 8-10; pi. 4, figs. 16-17. Shoal Creek to Greenup 

zones, Adams County, Macoupin County, Cumberland 

County, 111.

Cordell, 1952, Jour. Paleontology, v. 26, p. 84, pi. 17, figs. 

17-20. Bethany Falls member of Swope formation to 

upper shale member of the Lawrence formation, De 

Kalb, Clinton, and other Counties, Mo.

Bairdia ventricosa Roth and Skinner, 1930, Jour. Paleontology, v. 4, p. 352, pi. 28, figs. 12-14, McCoy formation, 

McCoy Post Office, Eagle County, Colo.

Bairdia blakei Harlton, 1931, Jour. Paleontology, v. 5, p. 163; 

n. name for B. nitida Harlton, 1928 [not Jones and 

Kirkby, 1879].

Wairdia bidorsalis Bradfield, 1935, Bull. Am. Paeontology, v. 

22, no. 73, p. 81, pi. 5, figs. 6a, b. Deese formation, 

Ardmore Basin, Okla. Based on a young individual.

Bairdia nitida Harlton, 1928, Jour. Paleontology, v. 2, p. 139, 

pi. 21, figs. 12a, b. Hoxbar formation, Love County, 

Okla.

Harlton, 1929, Texas Univ. Bull. 2901, p. 155, pi. 3, figs. 

3a, b. Canyon Group, Menard County, Tex. Plesiotype (USNM 80581) is a specimen with the shell partly 

dissolved.

Bairdia gibbosa Payne, 1937 [not B. neglecta gibbosa Egger, 

1858], Jour. Paleontology, v. 11, p. 283, pi. 39, figs. 4a, b. 

Hayden Branch formation, Tin-man Township, Sullivan 

County, Ind.

Bairdia crassa Harlton. Bradfield, 1935, Bull. Am. Paleontology, v. 22, no. 73, p. 80, pi. 5, figs. 8a, b. Deese formation, Ardmore Basin, Okla. Based on a young individual.

Cordell, 1952 [part], Jour. Paleontology, v. 26, p. 85, pi. 

19, figs. 11, 12 [not figs. 7-10 = B. crassa Harlton, 

1929]. Stanton formation, shale parting in about middle of Stoner limestone, 0.8 mile northwest of Scearces, 

Clinton County, Mo.

Wairdia hispida var. lesterica Bradfield, 1935, Bull. Am. Paleontology, v. 22, no. 73, p. 88, pi. 5, figs. 4a, b. Dornick Hills formation, Ardmore County, Okla. Corroded 

specimens.

[not] Bairdia blakei Harlton. Cooper, 1946, Illinois Geol. 

Survey Bull. 70, p. 42, pi. 1, figs. 16-19 = Bairdia sp. R.

[not] Bairdia nitida Harlton. Warthin, 1930, Oklahoma Geol. 

Survey Bull. 53, p. 72, pi. 6, figs. 3a, b = B. wTiitesideil 

Bradfield, 1935.

Many of the species in the synonymy are based on 

specimens that are either young indiivduals, or from 

which a certain amount of shell material has been 

dissolved.

Geologic range. Middle and Upper Pennsylvanian.

Cryptobairdia drupacea (Richter), 1855

Cyt nereis drupacea Richter, 1855, Deutsch Geol. Gesell.

Zeitschr., v. 7, p. 529, pi. 26, figs. 11, 12. Zechstein,

Thuringia, Germany. 

Bairdia, drupacea (Richter). Bassler and Kellett, 1934, Geol.

Soc. America, Spec. Paper 1, p. 170. 

[not] Cythere (Cythereis) drupacea Richter. Schmid, 1867 =

sp. indet.

Geologic range. Permian.
50 REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OSTRACODE GENERA

Cryptobairdia folgeri (Kellett), 1934

Bairdia folgeri Kellett, 1934, Jour. Paleontology, v. 8, p. 136, 

pi. 18, figs, la-f, 4a-f, pi. 19, figs, la-cl, 4a-f, 6a-d. Virgilian series, the holotype (USNM 89483) is from the 

Wakarusa limestone, Webaunsee group, about 8 miles 

south-southwest of Topeka, Shawnee County, Kans.

Wairdia subconvexa Coryell and Billings. Tasch, 1953 [misspelling for subvexa], Jour. Paleontology, v. 27, p. 400, 

pi. 29, fig. 13. Pennsylvanian shale bank to right of 

road entering Country Club Heights, Emporia, Lyon 

County, Kans.

Geologic range. Upper Pennsylvanian.

Cryptobairdia forakerensis (Kellett), 1934 

Plate 2, figures 1, 2

Bairdia, forakerensis Kellett, 1934, Jour. Paleontology, v. 8, 

p. 137, pi. 18, figs. 3a, b. Limestone and shale, lower 

Elmdale formation, below road and above water level 

of Cottonwood River, upstream of Cottonwood River 

bridge, east of Elmdale, Chase County, Kans.

Bairdia ivJiortani Kellett, 1935, Jour. Paleontology, v. 9, p. 

135, text fig. 5. Kanwaka shale, U.S. Highway 166, 3 

miles west of Sedan, see. 5, T. 34 S., R. 11 E., Chautauqua County, Kans.

Wairdia demissa Cooper, 1946, Illinois Geol. Survey Bull. 70, 

p. 44, pi. 2, figs. 23-26. Shales in Shumway and Woodbury zones, SEi/i sec. 32, T. 9 N., R. 8 E., Cumberland 

County, 111.

Wairdia kamcakensis Kellett, 1935, Jour. Paleontology, v. 9, 

p. 134, text figs. la-d. Kanwaka shale, same locality as 

B. ivhortani.

The holotype of B. forakeremis (USNM 89484) is 

partly abraded. Kellett illustrated B. ivhortani with 

an outline drawing of the inside of a right valve. The 

carapace of a paratype of B. ivhortani (USNM 

90097a) is here illustrated.

Geologic range. Upper Pennsylvanian-Permian.

Cryptobairdia haworthi (Knight), 1928

Bairdia haworthi Knight, 1928, Jour. Paleontology, v. 2, p. 

325, pi. 43, figs. 7a, b. Shale parting in "Brown lime" 

in Labette shale exposed in south bank of creek east of 

Price Rd. and 'South of Ladue Rd., St. Louis County, 

Mo.

[not] Bairdia haworthi Knight. Warthin, 1930 = Fabalicypris 

warthini (Bradfield), 1935.

Geologic range. Middle Pennsylvanian.

Cryptobairdia hoffmanae (Kellett), 1934

Plate 2, figures 27, 28

Bairdia hoffmanae Kellett, 1934, Jour. Paleontology, v. 8, p. 

133, pi. 17, fig. 3. Americus limestone, 1% miles south 

of Alien, Lyon County, Kans.

Wairdia summa Coryell and Billings. Cooper, 1946, Illinois 

Geol. Survey Bull. 70, p. 52, pi. 3, figs. 35, 36. Shales 

above and below "Centralia" limestone, SW1^ sec. 19, 

T. 7 N., R. 4 W., Montgomery County, 111.

The holotype (USNM 89478), is an abraded specimen 

that is almost a steinkern.

Geologic range. Upper Pennsylvanian-Permian.

Cryptobairdia hooverae (Kellett), 1934

Bairdia, hooverae Kellett, 1934, Jour. Paleontology, v. 8, p. 

126, pi. 14, figs. 5a, b. Top of Ervine Creek limestone 

member, Deer Creek formation, Shawnee group, railroad cut near Kansas River just west of ShawneeDouglas County line crossing Highway 10, Kans.

[not] Bairdia hooverae Kellett. Payne, 1937 = sp. indet.

[not] Bairdia hooverae Kellett. Cooper, 1946 = Cryptobairdia 

sp. A.

Geologic range. Upper Pennsylvanian.

Cryptobairdia maxeyi (Harris and lalicker), 1932

Bairdia maxeyi Harris and Lalicker, 1932, Am. Midland Naturalist, v. 13, p. 405, pi. 37, fig. 9. Garrison shale, Cowley County, Kans.

Geologic range. Permian.

Cryptobairdia pinnula (Coryell and Booth), 1933

Bairdia pinnula Coryell and Booth, 1933, Am. Midland Naturalist, v. 14, p. 263, pi. 3, fig. 14. Wayland shale west 

side of Salt Creek, near Graham-Throckorton road, 1 

mile west of Graham, Young County, Tex. 

Cooper, 1946, Illinois Geol. Survey Bull. 70, p. 49, pi. 3, 

figs. 13, 14. Shale in Shumway cyclothem, SWH sec. 

26, T. 9 N., R. 5 E., Effingham County, 111.

Wairdia scholli Coryell and Booth. Cooper, 1946, idem, p. 

51, pi. 3, figs. 33, 34. Shale in Little Vermillion limestone, SEi/4 sec. 36, T. 33 N., R. 10 E., Jasper County, 

111.

Bairdia scholli Coryell and Booth. Cordell, 1952, Jour. Paleontology, v. 26, p. 90, pi. 18, fig. 11; pi. 193 figs. 1-6. 

Budora shale, SE1^ sec. 29, T. 59 N., R. 29 W., Daviess 

County; NE% sec. 17, T. 55 N., R. 31 W., Clinton 

County; shale partings in Block limestone SE^NE^ 

sec. 36, T. 60 N., R. 25 W., Daviess County, Mo.

Geologic range. Upper Pennsylvanian.

Cryptobairdia praecisa (Jones and Kirkby), 1879

Bairdia praecisa Jones and Kirkby, 1879, Geol. Soc. London 

Quart. Jour., v. 35, p. 577, pi. 32, figs. 1-6. Thin limestone of the Calciferous-Sandstone Series near Randerstone, Fife, Scotland.

The wedge shape towards the posterior in dorsal 

outline and the almost straight truncated anterior distinguish this species.

Geologic range. Carboniferous.

Cryptobairdia recta (Harlton), 1929

Plate 2, figures 6, 7

Bairdia recta Harlton, 1929, Texas Univ. Bull. 2901, p. 159, 

pi. 4, figs. 4a-e. Canyon Group, near Hext, Menard 

County, Tex.

The original of figure 4b from Harlton's cotypes 

(USNM 80590) is here designated as the lectotype. 

Geologic range. Upper Pennsylvanian.
PALEOZOIC SPECIES OF BAIRDIA AND RELATED GENERA 51

Cryptobairdia? rhomboidea (Kirkby), 1858

Bairdia rhomboidea, Kirkby, 1858, Annals Mag. Nat. History, 

ser. 3, v. 2, p. 433, pi. 11, figs. 3, 3a. Permian, Shell 

limestone, Tunstall Hill, Durham, England. 

Kirkby, 1859, Tyneside Naturalists' Field Club Trans., v. 

4, p. 149, woodcuts 14, pi. 10, figs. 3, 3a. Locality same as 

above.

[not] Cythere (Bairdia) rhomboidea Kirkby. Schmid, 1867 = 

sp. indet.

[not] Bairdia cf. B. rhomboidea Kirkby. Cooper 1946 = sp. 

indet.

[not] Bairdia rhomboidea Brady, 1869, in Folin and Perier 

1867-71, Fonds de la Mer, p. 162, pi. 19, figs. 14, 15. Recent, Mauritius = B. tuberculata Brady, 1880. This species differs from Bairdia and Cryptobairdia in lateral 

outline.

[not] Bairdia rhomboidea Jones and Sherborn, 1887, Geol. Mag., 

new ser., dec. 3, v. 4, p. 388 [no illus.]. Pliocene, White 

(coralline) Crag of Sutton, Suffolk, England. 

Jones and Sherborn, 1889, Supplementary Monograph Tertiary Entomostraca, England: Palaeontogr. Soc. London, 

p. 18, pi. 1, figs. 3a-c. Same locality as above. Requires 

a new name.

Geologic range. Permian.

Cryptobairdia seminalis (Knight), 1928

Bairdia seminalis Knight, 1928, Jour. Paleontology, v. 2, p. 

320, pi. 43, figs. 2a-d. Shale partings in "Brown lime" 

of Labette formation, exposed in south bank of creek 

east of Price Rd., and south of Ladue Rd., St. Louis 

County, Mo.

Coryell and Sample, 1932, Am. Midland Naturalist, v. 13, 

p. 262, pi. 25, fig. 14. East Mountain shale, Mineral 

Wells formation, Mineral Wells, Palo Pinto County, 

Tex.

Johnson, 1936, Nebraska Geol. Survey Paper 11, p. 40, pi.

4. fig. 31. Shale in South Bend limestone, Stanton formation, Atwood quarry, [county not given], Nebr. 

Bairdia blakei Harlton. Bradfield, 1935, Bull. Am. Paleontology, v. 22, no. 73, p. 84, pi. 6, figs, la, b, 2. Union Dairy 

limestone, top part, railroad cut, center line SW^i ®ec. 6, 

T. 5 S., R. 2 E., shale 112-115 ft above conglomerate, 

near base of Hoxbar formation; SEi/iSE^ sec. 22, T. 3

5.. R. 2 E., 7 miles north and 3 miles east of Ardmore, 

Carter County, Okla.

[not] Bairdia seminalis Knight. Kellett, 1934 = B. beedei Ulrich and Bassler, 1906.

[not] Bairdia seminalis Knight. Payne, 1937 = Orthobairdia 

oklahomaensis (Harlton), 1927.

[not] Bairdia seminalis Knight. Coryell and Rozanski, 1942 = 

Orthobairdia cestriensisl (Ulrich), 1891.

[not] Bairdia seminalis Knight. Cooper, 1946 = B. beedei Ulrich and Bassler, 1906.

[not] Bairdia seminalis Knight. Cordell, 1952 = B. beedei Ulrich and Bassler, 1906.

Geologic range. Middle and Upper Pennsylvanian.

Cryptobairdia? singularis (Krdmmelbein), 1954 

Bairdia singularis Krommelbein, 1954, Senckenbergiana, v. 34, 

no. 4/6, p. 248, pi. 1, figs. la-d. Givetian, Paffrather 

Mulde, Germany.

Geologic range. Middle Devonian.

Cryptobairdia? subgracilis (Geinitz), 1861

Bairdia subgracilis Geinitz, 1861, Dyas, v. 1, p. 34, figs. 9a-c. 

Permian, Zechstein, Wetterau and Selters, Germany.

Bairdia gracilis McCoy. Reuss, 1854, Wetterauer Gesell. 

Naturk. Hanau, Jahresb. 1851-53, p. 65, pi. figs. 2a, b 

[not fig. 3 = sp. indet). Permian, Bleichenback, Germany.

IBairdia gracilis McCoy. Richter, 1855, Deutsch. Geol. Gesell. 

Zeitschr., v. 7, p. 530, pi. 26, figs. 16, 17. Permian, Germany.

[not] Bairdia gracilis McCoy, 1844 = nomen dubium.

[not] Bairdia subgracilis Geinitz. Jones and Kirkby, 1879, 

Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., v. 35, p. 375, pi. 30, fig. 

17. Carboniferous, "Main Limestone," Carluke district, 

West Scotland = Cryptobairdial sp.

[not] Bairdia arcuata var. gracilis Bosquet, 1854, Monograph. 

Crustaces Fossiles du Terrain Cre"tace du Duche de 

Limbourg, p. 60, pi. 5, figs. 4a-d = Paracyprist.

Geinitz erected this species for Bairdia gracilis 

Jones, 1850 [not McCoy, 1844], and illustrated Keuss' 

German specimen. Jones' species is here considered 

a nomen dubium.

Jones and Kirkby, 1879, illustrated a Carboniferous 

species which they referred to Bairdia subgracilis 

Geinitz. The Carboniferous species differs from Keuss' 

species by the posterior being more rounded and 

should be referred to Cryptobavrdial sp.

Geologic range. Permian.

Cryptobairdia? subtila (Cooper), 1941

Bairdia subtila Cooper, 1941, Illinois Geol. Survey Kept. Inv. 

77, p. 26, pi. 2, figs. 5, 6. Kinkaid formation, NE%SW% 

NE% sec. 20, T. 12 S., R 3 E., one-half a mile south of 

Veatch School, Johnson County, 111.

Geologic range. Upper Mississippian.

Cryptobairdia ventricosa (Kirkby), 1858

Bairdia ventricosa Kirkby, 1858, Annals Mag. Nat. History, 

ser. 3, v. 2, p. 326, pi. 10, figs. 3, 3a. Permian limestone, 

Tunstall Hill, Durham, England.

Bairdia plebia var. ventricosa Kirkby. Kirkby 1859, Tyneside 

Naturalists' Field Club Trans., v. 4, p. 146, woodcuts 9, 

pi. 9, figs. 3, 3a. Same locality as above.

[not] Bairdia ventricosa Brady, 1890, Royal Soc. Edinburgh 

Trans., v. 35, p. 494, pi. 4, figs. 17, 18. Requires a new 

name. The muscle scar patterns and lateral outline of 

this living species differ from Bairdia and Cryptobairdia.

[not] Bairdia ventricosa Roth and Skinner, 1930 = Cryptobairdia coryelli (Roth and Skinner), 1931.

Geologic range. Permian.

Cryptobairdia sp. A

Bairdia hooverae Kellett. Cooper, 1946, Illinois Geol. Survey 

Bull. 70, p. 46, pi. 2, figs. 21, 22. Shale below La Salle 

limestone, NW^i sec. 33, T. 16 N, R. 11 E., Bureau 

County, 111.

Geologic range. Upper Pennsylvanian.
52 REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OSTRACODE GENERA

Cryptobairdia sp. B

Cythere berniciensis (Kirkby). Richter, 1867, Deutsch. Geol.

Gosell. Zeitschr., v. 19, p. 235, pi. 5, figs. 16-18. Zechstein, Germany, 

[not] Bairdia berniciensis Kirkby, 1858 = Cryptobairdia"! berniciensis (Kirkby), 1858.

Geologic range. Permian.

Cryptobairdia sp. C

Cythere (Bairdia) ampla Reuss. Jones, 1859 [part], in Kirkby, Tyneside Naturalists' Field Club Trans., v. 4, p. 162, 

pi. 11, figs. 14a-c. Permian, Byers' Quarry, Durham, 

England.

Geologic range. Permian.

Cryptobairdia sp. D

Bairdia Mngii Reuss. Kirkby, 1858, Annals Mag. Nat. History, 

ser. 3, v. 2, p. 327, pi. 10, figs. 8, 8a. Permian, Shell 

limestone, Tunstall Hill, Durham, England. 

Kirkby, 1859, Tyneside Naturalists' Field Club Trans., v. 

4, p. 148, woodcuts 11, pi. 9, figs. 8, 8a. Same locality as 

above.

Geologic range. Permian.

Cryptobairdia sp. E

Bairdia osorioi Croneis and Gale. Cooper, 1941, Illinois Geol.

Survey Rept. Inv. 77, p. 9, 14 [list], pi. 2, figs. 13, 14.

Golconda formation NEiiNW1! sec. 20, T. 5 S., R. 8 W.,

Randolph County, 111. 

[not] Bairdia? osorioi Croneis and Gale in Croneis, 1939 =

nomen dubium.

Geologic range. Upper Mississippian.

Cryptobairdia sp. F

Bairdia subelongata Jones and Kirkby, 1879 [part], Geol. Soc. 

London, Quart. Jour., v. 35, p. 573, pi. 30, figs. 8, 9 [not 

figs. 1-6 = Bairdificypris subelongata ; not fig. 7 = sp. 

indet.; not figs. 10, 11 = Rectobairdia sp. F; not fig. 

16 = Fabalicypris"! sp.] Carboniferous, Paiston quarry, 

East Lothian, Scotland.

Differs from other species in this genus by truncated 

ventroanterior margin and by gently convex ventral 

margin.

Geologic range. Carboniferous.

Cryptobairdia? sp.

Bairdia, subgracllis Geinitz. Jones and Kirkby, 1879, Geol. Soc. 

London, Quart. Jour., v. 35, p. 375, pi. 30, fig. 17. "Main 

Limestone," Carluke district, West Scotland.

Geologic range. Carboniferous.

Cryptobairdia? sp. indet.

Bairdia cf. B. kelletti Glebovskaya. Glebovskaya, 1988, Neft. 

Geol.-Razv. Inst., Trudy, ser. A, no. 101, p. 181, pi. 1, figs. 

7, 7a. Permo-Carboniferous oil-bearing deposits, IsMmbaev district, Russia.

For discussion see Bairdia kellettae Glebovskaya, 

1939.

Genus RECTOBAIRDIA Sohn, n. gen.

Type species. Bairdia depressa Geis, 1932 [not 

Kafka, 1885], Jour. Paleontology, v. 6, p. 178, pi. 25, 

figs. 12a, b. Salem limestone, Indiana = Bairdia distressa Geis, 1940, in Sohn.

Diagnosis. Differs from Bairdia s. s. by having a 

straight to very gently curved dorsal margin.

Discussion. Species in this genus have pointed 

posteriors. Several species seem to be transitional 

(p. 8) and are included here because the dorsal 

margin, as seen in lateral view, is markedly less convex 

than that of Bairdia s. s. The one exception is Bairdia 

girtyi Sohn, which is not assigned to this genus because the dorsal margin as seen from the left side is 

definitely arcuate (pi. 1, fig. 32).

The genus Rectobairdia is defined as having a 

straight dorsal margin and a pointed posterior. A 

total of 31 species are defined by a dichotomous key. 

Eight of these species are new but are here not named; 

they are designated by letters. The stratigraphic range 

and frequency of occurrence of these species are shown 

in figure 8.

Geologic range. Middle Devonian-Permian.

LitTiology. Limestone, shale, sandstone (?).

Habitat. Marine.

KEY TO SPECIES OF RECTOBAIRDIA

1. Dorsoposterior slope of larger valve located one-third 

of greatest length._________________________ 2

la. Dorsoposterior slope of larger valve located approximately one-quarter of the greatest length- _____ 6

2(1). Anterior pointed------------------------------ 3

2a. Anterior round-__--_-__--_------------------- 4

3 (2). Dorsoanterior and dorsoposterior margins concave. 30

3a. Dorsoanterior margins straight; dorsoposterior margin

slightly concave..-------------symme^rica (p. 55)

4 (2a). Ventral margin straight__ ______________ 5

4a. Ventral margin concave. ___-_-_-mongroZiejm's (p. 55) 

5 (4). Posterior point above midheight.--.cultrijugati (p. 54) 

5a. Posterior point at or below midheight

legumen (p. 55) 

6 (la). Anterior pointed-__________-________------__- 7

6a. Anterior round------------------------------- 8

7(6). Ventral margin not hooked in front-_____________ 23

7a. Ventral margin hooked in front-______-Sp. A (p. 56)

8 (6a). Ventral margin straight-___________--__--_--_- 9

8a. Ventral margin concave..__-___--__-___-----_-- 11

9 (8). Dorsoanterior margin straight- ________-___-- 10

9a. Dorsoanterior margin curved---- _--__-_____ 28

10 (9). Posterior point above midheight- . .cultrijugati (p. 54) 

lOa. Posterior point below midheight________-__--_-- 22

11 (8a). Posterior point at approximately midheight- _ _ _ _ _ 21

lla. Posterior point below midheight__--______-__- 12

12 (lla). Dorsoposterior margin concave----------------- 13

12a. Dorsoposterior margin straight----------------- 16

13 (12). Concavity of ventral margin behind midlength

deformis (p. 54) 

13a. Concavity of ventral margin in front of midlength- 14
PALEOZOIC SPECIES OP BAIRDIA AND RELATED GENERA 53

NUMBER OF SPECIES AND LOCALITIES 

10

PERMIAN

PENNSYLVANIAN

SSISSIPPIAN

DEVONIAN

Upper

Middle

Lower

Upper

Lower

Upper

Middle

10 20

ID o>

^1 

O -3 CCL o

o

00

EXPLANATION

4

Number of species restricted to 

system or parts of system

Number of species recorded in system or part 

of system, the types of which are from the 

Upper Pennsylvanian

Number of species recorded in system or part 

of system, the types of which are from the 

Lower Mississippian

Number of species recorded in system or part 

of system, the types of which are from the 

Upper Devonian

Number of localities or stratigraphic levels 

from which the species are recorded

FIGURE 8. Stratigraphic range and frequency of distribution of species in Rectobairdia.

14 (13a). 

14a.

15 (14a).

15a.

16 (12a).

16a.

17 (16).

17a.

18 (16a).

18a.

19 (18a). 

19a.

20 (19).

20a.

21 (11). 

21a.

22 (lOa).

22a.

Dorsoanterior margin concave- -------tikhyi (p. 56)

Dorsoanterior margin straight or convex _________ 15

Greatest width in dorsal outline behind midlength

sinuosa (p. 55) (hisingeriformisT) 

Greatest width in dorsal outline at midlength

sp. B (p. 56)

Greatest length approximately twice the greatest 

height-____-_____---______-----_-_________ 17

Greatest length more than twice the greatest height

18 

Concavity of ventral margin behind midlength

subvexa (p. 55) 

Concavity of ventral margin in front of midlength

hexagona (p. 54)

Junction of anterior and ventral margins directly 

below anterior third of dorsoanterior margin

sp. C (p. 56)

Junction of anterior and ventral margins directly

below posterior half of dorsoanterior margin.__ 19

Dorsoanterior margin straight or convex _________ 20

Dorsoanterior margin concave-_______sp. E (p. 56)

Convexity of ventral margin shallow, at midlength

schaurothiana (p. 55)

Convexity of ventral margin deep, in front of midlength_._________________________sp. D (p. 56)

Dorsoposterior margin convex-- - _-lepidocentri (p. 55) 

Dorsoposterior margin concave_________________ 26

Posterior point in ventral quarter of greatest height

fragosa (p. 54)

Posterior point above ventral quarter of greatest 

height._______________________________ 24

23(7). Dorsoanterior and dorsoposterior margins concave 31 

23a. Dorsoanterior and dorsoposterior margins straight

hextensis (p. 55)

24 (22a). Greatest height about half or more the greatest 

length..._____-_______-__-__----___-__ 32

24a. Greatest height less than half the greatest length-- 25

25 (24a). Posterior point in ventral third of greatest height- _ 27 

25a. Posterior point at approximate midheight

cultrata (p. 54)

26 (2la). Greatest height half or more than half the greatest

length. _____-_-_-___-____-__-____--_-__- 29

26a. Greatest height about one-third of greatest length;

dorsal margin straight------____-__sp. F (p. 56)

27 (25). Dorsoposterior margin straight-----tichomirovi (p. 56) 

27a. Dorsoposterior margin concave-_____s<m/ragra (p. 55)

28 (9a). Dorsoanterior margin concave

korzenewskajae (p. 55) 

28a. Dorsoanterior margin convex__________________ 33

29 (26). Dorsoanterior margin convex, short-_ -.calceolae (p. 54) 

29a. Dorsoanterior margin straight or slightly concave 

about one- third the greatest length-- ___sp. G (p. 56) 

30 (3). Dorsoanterior point above midheight

bicornis (p. 54) 

30a. Dorsoanterior point at or below midheight

emaciata (p. 54)

31 (23). Dorsoposterior margin concave---------------- 34

31a. Dorsoposterior margin straight-_-__-__sp. H (p. 57)

32 (24). Dorsal and ventral margins subparallel

distressa (p. 54)

32a. Dorsal and ventral margin converge toward posterior

posneri (p. 55)
54 REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OSTRACODE GENERA

33 (28a). Dorsal and ventral margins subparallel

tantilla (p. 56)

33a. Dorsal and ventral margins converge toward posterior. ________________ -mossolovellaeformis (p. 55)

34 (31). Dorsoposterior point above midheight

brevicauda (p. 54) 

34a. Dorsoposterior point below midheight

trapezoides (p. 56)

ASSIGNED SPECIES

Rectobairdia? bicornis (Jones and Kirkby), 1879

Bairdia curia, var. bicornis Jones and Kirkby, 1879, Geol. Soc. 

London Quart. Jour., v. 35, p. 568, pi. 28, fig. 7. Carboniferous, Steerway, near Wellington, Salop, England.

Wairdia curta bicornis Jones and Kirkby. Kummerow, 1939, 

Preuss. Geol. Landesanstalt. Abh., n. f., no. 194, pt. A, 

p. 40, pi. 4, figs. 6a, b. Lower Tournasian limestone, 

Ratingen, Rhinland, Germany.

[not] Bairdia bicornis Bradfield, 1935 = Bairdia ichiteside 

Bradfield, 1935.

This species is based on a right valve that resembles 

Bairdia mandelstami Posner, 1951 but has a proportionately longer dorsal margin. It differs from Bairdia 

leguminoides Ulrich, 1891, by possessing a straight 

dorsal margin.

Geologic range. Carboniferous.

Rectobairdia brevicauda (Jones), 1859

Cythere plebia var. brevicauda Jones, 1859, in Kirkby, Tyneside Naturalists' Field Club Trans., v. 4, p. 161, pi. 11, 

figs. 9a-c. Permian, Shell limestone, Tunstall Hill, Durham, England.

tCythere (Bairdia) brevicauda Jones. Schinid, 1867, Neues 

Jahrb. Mineralogie, Geologie, Palaontologie, 1867, p. 581, 

pi. 6, fig. 36. Zechstein, Selters, Watterau, Germany.

ICythere curta (McCoy). Jones, 1850, in King, A monograph 

of the Permian fossils of England, p. 61, pi. 18, fig. 3. 

Permian, England.

[not] Cythere brevicauda Jones. Richter, 1867 = sp. indet.

Geologic range. Permian.

Rectobairdia ealeeolae (Kummerow), 1953

Bairdia ealeeolae Kummerow, 1953, Staat. Geol. Komm. 

Deutsch. Demokrat. Republik, Geologie, Jahrg. 2, Beih. 7, 

p. 51, pi. 5, figs. 7a, b. Middle to Upper Devonian, Germany.

Geologic range. Middle-Upper Devonian.

Rectobairdia? cultrata (Kummerow), 1939

Bairdia cultrata Kummerow, 1939 [part], Preuss. Geol. Landesanstalt Abh., n. f., no. 194, pt. A, p. 42, pi. 4, figs. 12a, 

b [not fig. 13 = Bairdiacypris robusta"? Kummerow, 

1939]. Lower Tournasian limestone Ratingen, Rheinland, Germany.

Geologic range. Carboniferous.

Rectobairdia cultrijugati (Krb'mmelbein), 1950

Bairdia cultrijugati Krommelbein, 1950, Senckenbergiana, v. 

31, p. 333, pi. 1, figs. la-d. Lower Middle Devonian, 

Salmerwald-Mulde, Eifel, Germany.

Geologic range. Middle Devonian.

Rectobairdia deformis (Jones and Kirkby), 1879

Bairdia curta var. deformis Jones and Kirkby, 1879, Geol. Soc. 

London Quart. Jour., v. 35, p. 568, pi. 28, fig. 8. Carboniferous, Steerway, near Wellington Salop, England.

Geologic range. Carboniferous.

Rectobairdia distressa (Geis), 1940 

Plate 2, figures 3-5

Bairdia distressa Geis, 1940, in Sohn, Jour. Paleontology, v.

14, p. 154. New name for B. depressa Geis, 1932. 

Bairdia depressa Geis, 1932, Jour. Paleontology, v. 6, p. 178,

pi. 25, figs. 12a, b. Salem limestone, Indiana, 

[not] Bairdia depressa Kafka, 1885, K. bohm. Wiss. Gesell.,

Sitzungsber., p. 2, pi. 1, figs, la, b. Cretaceous, Bohemia

= Cytherella"}. 

"iBairdia hisingeri (Miinster). Sylvester-Bradley, 1950, Annals

Mag. Nat. History, ser. 12, v. 3, p. 755, fig. 5B. Lower

Carboniferous, Craigen Glen, Campsie near Glasgow,

Scotland.

Geologic range. Upper Mississippian.

Rectobairdia? emaciata (Kesling and Kilgore), 1952 

Plate 2, figures 14, 15

Bairdia emaciata Kesling and Kilgore, 1952, Michigan Univ. 

Mus. Paleontology Contrb., v. 10, no. 1, p. 13, pi. 4, figs. 

4-8. Genshaw formation, dark-gray shale, about 3 ft 

below the Killians black limestone. Outcrop in a roadcut and ditch on the west side of Long Lake, about onehalf a mile south of LeRoy's Resort, at the junction of 

West Long Lake Road and the entrance to Martin's 

Resort, near the center of the W% sec. 32, T. 33 N., 

R. 8 E., Presque Isle County, Mich.

The flattened ventroterminal margins may exclude 

this species from Rectobairdia.

Geologic range. Middle Devonian.

Rectobairdia? fragosa (Morey), 1935 

Plate 2, figure 26

Bairdia fragosa Morey, 1935, Jour. Paleontology, v. 9, p. 322, 

pi. 28, fig. 17. Sylamore sandstone, 3 miles north of 

Williamsburg, Callaway County, Mo.

Morey stated (1935, p. 322) that the dorsal outline 

is subelliptical; his types labeled "syntypes" (Missouri 

Univ. Os 1004-3) consist of the illustrated specimen 

which he designated as the holotype in the explanation 

to plate 28, and one paratype on which the posterior 

point is missing. Both specimens are somewhat 

abraded, and it is difficult to determine if the sides 

are curved or straight in dorsal outline.

Geologic range. Lower Mississippian, probably reworked Devonian. (See Sohn, 1951, p. 34.)

Rectobairdia hexagona (Polenova), 1952

Bairdia hexagona Polenova, 1952, Microfauna SSSR, v. 5, p. 

p. 128, pi. 13, figs. 5, 6. Middle Devonian, Kursk and 

Voronez regions, Russia. 

Geologic range. Middle Devonian.
PALEOZOIC SPECIES OF BAIRDIA AND RELATED GENERA 55

Rectobairdia? hextensis (Harlton), 1929 

Plate 2, figure 25

Bairdia hextensis Harlton, 1929, Texas Univ. Bull. 2901, p. 

157, pi. 3, fig. 9. Canyon group, San Saba River valley, 

near Hext, Menard County, Tex.

The holotype (USNM 80586) is a partly corroded 

specimen.

Geologic range. Upper Pennsylvanian.

Rectobairdia korzenewskajae (Posner), 1951

Bairdia korzenewskajae Posner, 1951, Vsesoyuz. Neft. Nauch.- 

Issled. Geol.-Razv. Inst., Trudy, (VNIGRI), new ser., no. 

56, p. 96, pi. 21, fig. 2. Lower Carboniferous, Russia.

Differs from R. fra-gosa (Morey) by having a concave dorsoanterior margin and a higher position of 

the posterior point.

Geologic range. Carboniferous.

Rectobairdia legumen (Jones and Kirkby), 1886 

Bairdia legumen Jones and Kirkby, 1886, Annals Mag. Nat. 

History, ser. 5, v. 18, p. 266, pi. 9, figs. 13a, b. Carboniferous, Yoredale rocks (D1-P2 ), Gleaston Castle, 

Lancashire, England.

Posner, 1951, Vsesoyuz. Neft. Nauch.-Issled. Geol.-Razv. 

Inst, Trudy (VNIGRI), new ser., 110. 56, p. 93, pi. 21, 

fig. 4. Lower Carboniferous. 

IBairdia angulatiformis Posner, 1951, idem, p. 93, pi. 21, fig. 7.

Lower Carboniferous, Russia. 

Geologic range. Carboniferous.

Rectobairdia lepidocentri (Krb'mmelbein), 1950

Bairdia lepidocentri Krommelbein, 1950, Senckenbergiana, v. 

31, p. 335, pi. 1, figs. 4a-d. Middle Devonian, Siidhang 

Auburg, Gerolsteiner Mulde, Eifel, Germany. 

Geologic range. Middle Devonian.

Rectobairdia mongoliensis (Jones and Kirkby), 1892

Bairdia hisingeri var. mongoliensis Jones and Kirkby, 1892, 

Annals Mag. Nat. History, ser. 6, v. 9, p. 306, pi. 16, 

fig. 13. Carboniferous, River Barclun, south Mongolia. 

Geologic range. Carboniferous.

Rectobairdia mossolovellaeformis (Egorov), 1953

Bairdia mossolovellaeformis Egorov, 1953, Vsesoyuz. Neft. 

Nauch.-Issled. Geol.-Razv. Inst., Moscov. Fillial, MoscowLeningrad, p. 21, pi. 11, figs. 3a, b. Frasnian, Russia.

Geologic range. Upper Devonian.

Rectobairdia posneri Sohn, n. name

Bairdia angulata Posner, 1951 [not Brady, 1870a; not Coryell 

and Sample, 1933], Vsesoyuz. Neft. Nauch.-Issled. Geol.- 

Razv. Inst., Trudy, (VNIGRI), new ser., no. 56, p. 90, pi. 

20, figs. 6a, b. Lower Carboniferous, Russia.

Geologic range. Lower Carboniferous.

Rectobairdia saxifraga (Krommelbein), 1954 

Bairdia saxifraga Krommelbein, 1954, Senckenbergiana, v. 34, 

p. 249, pi. 1, figs. 2a-d. Givetian, Paffrather Mulde, 

Germany.

Geologic range. Middle Devonian.

Rectobairdia schaurothiana (Kirkby), 1858

Bairdia schaiirothiana Kirkby, 1858, Annals Mag. Nat. History, 

ser. 3, v. 2, p. 329, pi. 10, figs. 14a, b. Permian, Tunstall 

Hill, Durham, England.

Kirkby, 1859, Tyneside Naturalists' Field Club Trans., v. 

4, p. 147, woodcuts 10, pi. 9, figs. 14, 14a [same illustration as above].

Cythere (Bairdia) schaurothiana Kirkby. Kirkby, 1862 [part], 

Annals Mag. Nat. History, ser. 3, v. 10, p. 203, pi. 4, 

figs. 3, 4, 12 [not figs. 1, 2, 11 = Rectobairdia sp. E]. 

Permian, Tunstall Hill, Durham, England.

[not] Bairdia schaurothiana Kirkby. Cooper, 1946 = Rectobairdia sp. G.

[not] Bairdia schaurothiana Kirkby. Marple, 1952 = Rectobairdia sp. G.

Geologic range. Permian.

Rectobairdia sinuosa (Morey), 1936

Bairdia sinuosa Morey, 1936, Jour. Paleontology, v. 10, p. 119, 

pi. 17, figs. 17, 19. Basal Chouteau limestone, near 

Browns Station, Boone County, Mo.

IBairdia hisingeri (Minister). Kummerow, 1939 [part], 

Preuss. Geol. Landesanstalt Abh., n. f., no. 194, pt. A, 

p. 41, pi. 4, figs. 9a, b [not fig. 8 = sp. indet.; not figs. 

lOa, b = Rectobairdia sp. B.]. Lower Vise, Ca, Ratingen, 

Rheinland, Germany.

Wairdia ampla Reuss. Kummerow, 1939, idem, p. 44, pi. 5, 

figs. 3a, b. Lower Tournasian, Ratingen, Rheinland, 

Germany.

IBairdia hisingeriformis Posner, 1951, Vsesoyuz. Neft. Nauch.- 

Issled. Geol.-Razv. Inst., Trudy, (VNIGRI), new ser., no. 

56, p. 95, pi. 19, fig. 1, Lower Carboniferous, Russia.

[not] Bairdia sinuosa Cooper, 1941 = Orthobairdia cestriensis 

(Ulrich), 1891.

Geologic range. Lower Mississippian, Carboniferous.

Rectobairdia subvexa (Coryell and Billings), 1932 

Bairdia, subvexa Coryell and Billings, 1932, Am. Midland Naturalist, v. 13, p. 172, pi. 17, fig. 2. Wayland shale, 5 

miles east and 2,000 ft north of Cisco, along CiscoEastland highway, Eastland County, Tex. 

[not] Bairdia subconvexa Coryell and Billings. Tasch, 1953, 

[misspelling], Jour. Paleontology, v. 27, p. 400, pi. 49, 

fig. 13 = Cryptobairdia folgeri (Kellett), 1934.

Geologic range. Upper Pennsylvanian. 

Rectobairdia symmetrica (Cooper), 1946

Bairdia symmetrica Cooper, 1946, Illinois Geol. Survey Bull. 

70, p. 52, pi. 3, figs. 37, 38. Shale between upper and 

lower Trivoli limestone, SW1^ sec. 3, T. 8 N., R. 5 E,, 

Peoria County, 111.

tBairdia reussiana Kirkby. Kellett, 1934, Jour. Paleontology, 

v. 8, p. 132, pi. 17, figs, la-h, 4a, b. Wreford formation, 

small quarry in roadcut on north side of U.S. Highway 40, about 4 miles west of Junction City, Geary 

County, and limestone, Cotton wood formation, U.S. Highway 40 at Ogden, Riley County, Kans. 

Cordell, 1952, [part], Jour. Paleontology, v. 26, p. 89, pi. 17, 

figs. 26-28 [not figs. 24, 25 = IB. subfusiformis Hamilton, 1942; not pi. 18, figs. 1, 2 = B. reussiana Kirkby,
56 REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OSTRACODE GENERA

1858]. Collections 2% ft below top of Farley limestone 

to 6 ft above base of Vilas shale, west end of Farley, 

SE%SW%SE% sec. 28, T. 52 N., R. 35 W.; and base 

of Eudora shale to 6 ft below top of Winston shale, 

Beverly Station, south of junction of State Highways 

45 and 92, boundary sees. 30 and 31, T. 53 N., R. 35 W., 

Platte County, Mo.

[not] Bairdia symmetrica Egorov, 1953 = B. egorovi Sohn n. 

name.

All Kellett's types (USNM 89492) are badly corroded, and more than this species may be represented. 

Geologic range. Upper Pennsylvanian-Permian.

Rectobairdia tantilla (Kummerow), 1953

Bairdia tantilla Kummerow, 1953, Staat. Geol. Komm. Deutsch. 

Demokrat. Republik, Geologie, Jahrg. 2, Beih. 7, p. 52, 

pi. 5, figs. 8a, b. Middle Devonian, Wolhynia, Poland, 

and Amalia, near Paffrath, Germany.

Geologic range. Middle Devonian.

Rectobairdia tichomirovi (Egorov), 1953

Bairdia tichomirovi Egorov, 1953, Vsesoyuz. Neft. Nauch.- 

Issled. Geol.-Razv. Inst, Moscov. Fillial, Moscow-Leningrad, p. 24, pi. 14, figs. 9a, b. Frasnian, Penzenskaya 

district, Russia.

Geologic range. Upper Devonian.

Rectobairdia tikhyi (Polenova), 1952

Bairdia tikhyi Polenova, 1952, Micropaleontology SSSR, v. 5, 

p. 129, pi. 12, figs. 4a, b. Middle Devonian, Voronez and 

Kursk regions, Russia.

tBairdia spinosa Polenova, 1952 [not Cooper, 1946], Microfauna SSSR, pt. 5, p. 131, pi. 12, figs. 5a, b. Middle 

Devonian, central Devonian field, Russia.

Geologic range. Middle Devonian.

Rectobairdia trapezoides (Gibson), 1955

Beecherella trapezoides Gibson, 1955, Bull. Am. Paleontology, 

v. 35, no. 154, p. 21, pi. 1, figs. 5a, b. Calcareous clay 

of Cerro Gordo formation, pit operated by the Rockford 

Brick and Tile Co., Rockford, Iowa.

Geologic range. Upper Devonian.

Rectobairdia sp. A

Bairdia amputata (Kirkby). Jones and Kirkby, 1879, Geol.

Soc. London Quart. Jour., v. 35, p. 576, pi. 31, figs. 15-18.

Shale in Lower Carboniferous limestone, Paiston quarry,

East Lothian, Scotland. 

Wairdia amputata (Kirkby). Jones and Kirkby, 1892, Ann.

Mag. Nat. History, ser. 6, v. 9, p. 305, pi. 16, fig. 10.

Carboniferous, Mongolia, 

[not] Cythere amputata Kirkby, 1859, new name for Bairdia

truncata Kirkby, 1858 = nomen dubium. 

[not] Cythere amputata Kirkby. Jones, 1859, in Kirkby =

nomen dubium.

From the description and illustrations, the type of 

Bairdia truncata Kirkby, 1858 is, according to Jones 

(1859, p. 168) and Jones and Kirkby (1879, p. 567), 

a cast that is indeterminate even as to genus.

The nomenclature of Bairdia amputata is confused 

because Kirkby (1859, p. 156, 157) decided that the 

species belonged to Cythere s. s. rather than to Cythere 

subgenus Bairdia. Because Jones informed him 

that Cythere truncata was previously used by Bosquet, 

Kirkby changed the name to amputata. The Carboniferous species illustrated by Jones and Kirkby in 

1879 is based on a carapace and is a valid species of 

Rectobairdia that requires a new name.

Geologic range. Carboniferous.

Rectobairdia sp. B

Bairdia hisingeri (Miinster). Kummerow, 1939 [part], Preuss. 

Geol. Landesanstalt Abh., n. f., no. 194, pt. A, p. 41, 

pi. 4, figs. lOa, b [not fig. 8 = sp. indet.; not figs. 9a, b 

= ^Rectobairdia sinuosa (Morey) 1936]. Upper Vise", 

Altwasser, Niederachlesien, Germany.

Geologic range. Upper Mississippian. 

Rectobairdia sp. C

Bairdia hisingeri (Miinster). Jones and Kirkby, 1895, Annals 

Mag. Nat. History, ser. 6, v. 16, p. 454, pi. 21, fig. 1. 

Carboniferous, Yoredale series, Hurst, head of Swaledale, Yorkshire, England. 

Geologic range. Carboniferous.

Rectobairdia sp. D

Bairdia hisingeri (Miinster). Jones and Kirkby, 1879, Geol. 

Soc. London Quart. Jour., v. 35, p. 570, pi. 29, figs. 4-10. 

Lower Carboniferous limestone, Craigenglen, Campsie, 

Stirlingshire, Scotland.

Geologic range. Carboniferous.

Rectobairdia sp. E

Cythere (Bairdia) schaurothiana Kirkby. Kirkby, 1862, Annals Mag. Nat. History, ser. 3, v. 10, p. 203, pi. 4, figs. 

1, 2, 11 [not figs. 3, 4, 12 = R. schaurothiana (Kirkby), 

1858]. Lower Carboniferous limestone, Craigenglen, 

Campsie, Stirlingshire, Scotland. 

Geologic range. Carboniferous.

Rectobairdia sp. F

Bairdia subelongata Jones and Kirkby, 1879 [part], Geol. Soc. 

London Quart. Jour., v. 35, p. 573, pi. 30, figs. 10, 11 

[not figs. 1-6 = Bairdiacypris subelongata; not fig. 7 = 

sp. indet.; not figs. 8, 9 = Cryptobairdia sp. F; not fig. 

16 = Fabalicyprisl sp.]. Carboniferous, Newfield Quarry, 

Scotland? 

Geologic range. Carboniferous.

Rectobairdia sp. G

Bairdia schaurothiana Kirkby. Cooper, 1946, Illinois Geol. 

Survey Bull. 70, p. 50, pi. 3, figs. 21-24. Shales between 

Seville limestone beds, SW% sec. 32, T. 14 N., R. 2 W., 

Mercer County, 111.

Marple, 1952, Jour. Paleontology, v. 26, p. 930, pi. 133, 

fig. 13. Lower Mercer limestone member, valley of tributary of Jonathan Creek, on line between Madison Township, Perry County, and Newton Township, Muskingum 

County, Ohio. 

Geologic range. Middle Pennsylvanian.
PALEOZOIC SPECIES OF BAIRDIA AND RELATED GENERA 57

Rectobairdia ,sp. H

Bairdia reussiana Kirkby. Glebovskaya, 1939, Neft. Geol.- 

Razv. Inst., Trudy, ser. A, no. 115, p. 165 [list], pi. 2, 

figs. 7, 7a, b. Schwagerina zone, northern Urals, Russia.

Geologic range. Permian.

Genus BAIKDIACYPKIS Bradfield, 1935

Bairdiacypris Bradfleld, 1935, Bull. Am. Paleontology, v. 22,

no. 73, p. 93. 

Cordell, 1952, Jour. Paleontology, v. 26, p. 95.

"jActuaria Schneider, 1956, in Kiparisovoi, L. D., Markovskovo, 

B. P., and Radchenko, G. P., Vsesoyuz. Nauch.-Issled. 

Geol. Inst. (VSEGEI), Ministerstva Geologii i Okrany 

Nedr SSSR. Materialy, new ser., v. 12, (Paleontologia), 

p. 91. Type species by original designation A. diffusa 

Schneider, 1956, idem, p. 91, figs. 2a, b. Permian, Russian platform.

Bairdia [part] of authors.

Type species. Original designation B. deloi Bradfield, 1935, Bull. Am. Paleontology, v. 22, no. 73, p. 93, 

pi. 7, figs. 8a, b, 9a, b. Hoxbar formation, Union 

Dairy limestone member, south edge of Ardmore, 

Carter County, Okla.

Diagnosis. Thin-shelled elongate ostracodes, with 

gently arcuate to straight dorsum, straight to concave 

ventral margin, curved to straight dorsoposterior margin, curved anterior margin, and blunt posterior 

margin. Greatest length below midheight. Left valve 

overlaps right along free margins. Hinge simple; 

inner margin wide. Muscle scars not known.

Discussion. Bradfield illustrated the holotype which 

is an abraded specimen, and a paratype that is better 

preserved than the holotype. Both are refigured on 

plate 3, figures 1-5. Cordell (1952, p. 95) would 

limit this genus to species that have straight anterodorsal slopes and would include species with slightly 

convex ventral margins. This is not practical because 

some of the species assigned to this genus have a convex anterodorsal margin, and none of the known 

species has a convex ventral margin. The reason for 

B\ haydenbranchensis (Payne) having a convex ventral margin is that the type is abraded. Bairdiacypris 

differs from Fabalicypris Cooper, 1946, by absence of 

anteroventral offset of larger valve and by the left 

valve not overhanging the right along the hinge.

Schneider (1956, p. 91) gives the following description of Actuaria [Miss Poire very generously assisted 

in the translation] :

Valves elongated, length 2 to 2^ times the height, inequivalvad, left overlaps right on all margins. Ventral margin 

noticeably concave. Dorsal margin evenly curved, greatest 

curvature in median part. Anterior rounded; posterior "attenuated" in the ventral portion and slanted in the upper 

part. Surface smooth. [Dorsal outline of] valves convex in 

posterior part and flattens towards the anterior. Hinge simple. Hinge margin of left valve is a furrow into which enters 

the thin edge of the right valve.

The elongate form of the shell, the hinge, and the outline 

differentiate the new genus from previously described genera 

of Bairdiidae, to which it is conditionally referred.

Schneider assigns Bythocypris shideleri Delo (= Far 

balicypris shideleri (Delo)) to this genus. Actuaria is 

here tentatively considered as a synonym of Bairdiacypris.

The genus Bairdiacypris is defined as having a 

straight to shallowly curved "dorsal margin, and a 

blunt posterior margin. It differs from Fabalicypris 

in that the ventral overlap does not have a steplike 

offset. A total of 18 species are defined by a dichotomous key. One of these is new but is here designated 

by letter. The stratigraphic range and frequency of 

occurrence of these species are shown on figure 9 which 

includes three taxons that are referred to as sp. indet. 

because of inadequate data.

Geologic range. Ordovician, Devonian-Pennsylvanian, Permian (?).

Lithology. Shale.

Habitat. Marine.

KEY TO BAIRDIACYPRIS

1. Ventral margin straight-_. _____-___.______-_-- 2

la. Ventral margin concave___--__----__---------- 5

2 (1). Dorsoposterior margin as much as one-third of greatest

length---------------------------- ardua (p. 58)

2a. Dorsoposterior margin as much as one-quarter of

greatest length________-_____-------------- 3

3 (2a). Dorsoanterior margin as much as one-third of greatest 

length ____________----4..------------------ 12

3a. Dorsoanterior margin as much as one-eighth of greatest 

length------------------------------------ 4

4 (3a). Length of dorsoposterior margin less than greatest 

height__.______-___-___--_------ major (p. 59)

4a. Length of dorsoposterior margin more than greatest 

height_______--__-_---------- subelongata (p. 59)

5 (la). Dorsoanterior margin well defined-_____-___---- 6

5a. Dorsoanterior margin not well defined______---- 9

6 (5). Dorsoposterior margin curved------- elongata (p. 59)

6a. Dorsoposterior margin straight__-___-___------ 7

7 (6a). Greatest height about one-half the greatest length- __

quartziana (p. 59)

7a. Greatest height about one-third the greatest length. _

8

8 (7a). Concavity of ventral margin shallow, about midlength

13

8a. Concavity of ventral margin deep, in front of midlength -------------------------- curvis (p. 58)

9 (5a). Dorsoposterior margin straight________-_------ 11

9a. Dorsoposterior margin curved ----------------- 10

10 (9a). Junction of posterior and dorsoposterior margins about 

one-third the greatest height______---------- 14

lOa. Junction of posterior and dorsoposterior margins about 

one-fourth the greatest height------- diffusa (p.59)

11 (9). Ventral margin slightly concave.----- trojana (p.60) 

lla. Ventral margin distinctly concave------- sp. A (p.60)

12 (3). Junction of dorsoanterior and anterior margins above 

midheight, posterior concave in dorsal outline.----

bedfordensis (p. 58)
58 REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OSTRACODE GENERA

NUMBER OF SPECIES AND LOCALITIES 

20 30

PERMIAN

PENNSYLVANIAN

MISSISSIPPIAN

DEVONIAN

Upper

Middle

Lower

Upper

Lower

Upper

Middle

' '

4 1

KSK^Si vSSte¥lI"A?ftl i o

_

3 'ii

;gO 10

C/5* 1 oi DC ° 

SS 6

3 of ^&^^Wx^^8

Si

'o.

Q.

1

1

EXPLANATION

Number of species restricted to 

system or parts of system

Number of species recorded in system or part 

of system, the types of which are from the 

Middle Pennsylvanian

Number of localities or stratigraphic levels 

from which the species are recorded

FIGURE 9. Stratigraphic range and frequency distribution of species of Bairdiacypris.

12a. Junction of dorsoanterior and anterior margins at or

below midheight; posterior convex in dorsal outline

haydenbranchensis (p. 59)

13 (8). Dorsal outline elliptical; greatest width at approximate 

midlength___ _______________________ deloi (p. 58)

13a. Dorsal outline subelliptical; greatest width behind 

midlength_________________ paffrathensis (p. 59)

14 (10). Dorsoposterior margin as much as one-third of greatest 

length_______________________ acuminata (p. 58)

14a. Dorsoposterior margin as much as one-quarter of 

greatest length-________________ robusta (p. 59)

ASSIGNED SPECIES

Bairdiacypris acuminata Cooper, 1946

Bairdiacypris acuminata Cooper, 1946, Illinois Geol. Survey 

Bull. 70, p. 53, pi. 4, figs. 24, 25. Shale below La Salle 

limestone, NW1^ sec. 33, T. 16 N., R. 11 E., Bureau 

County, 111.

?Bairdiacypris glennensis (Harlton). Cordell, 1952, Jour. 

Paleontology, v. 26, p. 96, pi. 19, figs. 27, 28. Spring 

Hill limestone member of Plattsburg formation, center 

N% sec. 20, T. 55 N., R. 31 W., quarry 2 miles east of 

Plattsburg, just north of State Highway 116, Clinton 

County, Mo.

Geologic range. Upper Pennsylvanian.

Bairdiacypris? ardua Cooper, 1946

Bairdiacypris ardua Cooper, 1946, Illinois Geol. Survey Bull. 

70, p. 53, pi. 4, figs. 18, 19. Shales in Shumway cyclothem, SW% sec. 26, T. 9 N., R. 5 E., Effingham County, 

111.

The illustration shows a slight ventroanterior offset 

that suggests affinities with Fabalicypris. 

Geologic range. Upper Pennsylvanian.

Bairdiacypris bedfordensis (Geis), 1932

Plate 2, figures 8-10

Bairdia bedfordensis Geis, 1932, Jour. Paleontology, v. 6, p. 

176, pi. 25, figs. 9a, b. Salem limestone, Indiana.

Geologic range. Upper Mississippian.

Bairdiacypris curvis (Cooper), 1941 

Plate 2, figures 11-13

Bairdia curvis Cooper, 1941, Illinois Geol. Survey Rept. Inv. 

77, p. 25, pi. 1, figs. 43, 44. Mississippian, Paint Creek 

formation, 1,304-1,343 ft in Phillips-Shearm No. 3 well, 

9 miles east of Greenville, Mulenberg County, Ky.

Geologic range. Upper Mississippian. 

Bairdiacypris deloi Bradfield, 1935 

Plate 2, figure 29; plate 3, figures 1-5

Bairdiacypris deloi Bradfield, 1935, Bull. Am. Paleontology, v. 

22, no. 73, p. 93, pi. 7, figs. 8a, b, 9a, b. Pennsylvanian, 

Union Dairy limestone member of Hoxbar formation, 

south edge of Ardmore, Carter County, Okla.

Cooper, 1946, Illinois Geol. Survey Bull. 70, p. 53, pi. 4, 

figs. 22, 23. Shales above and below "Centralia" limestone, SWi/i sec. 19, T. 7 N., R. 4 W., Montgomery 

County, 111.

Cordell, 1952, Jour. Paleontology, v. 26, p. 95, pi. 19, figs. 

19, 20. Island Creek shale, S% sec. 13, T. 56 N., R. 30 

W., 4.8 miles south of Cameron, Clinton County, Mo. 

Wairdiacypris haydenbra-nchensis (Payne). Cooper, 1946, Illinois Geol. Survey Bull. 70, p. 54, pi. 4, figs. 20, 21. 

Weathered lower part of Millersville limestone, 

sec. 28, T. 12 N., R. 1 W., Christian County, 111.

Geologic range. Upper Pennsylvanian.
PALEOZOIC SPECIES OF BAIRDIA AND RELATED GENERA 59

Bairdiacypris diffusa (Schneider), 1956

Actuaria diffusa Schneider, 1956, in Kiparisovoi, L. D., Markovskovo, B. P., and Radchenko, G. P., Vsesoyuz. 

Nauch.-Issled. Geol. Inst. (VSEGSI), Ministertstva Geo 

logii i Okrany Nedr. SSSR. Materialy, new ser., v. 12, 

(Paleontologia), p. 91, pi. 21, figs. 2a, b. Permian 

(Kazanian), Russian platform.

Bythocypris shideleri Delo. Schneider, 1948, Fauna ostracod 

vechnepermskych otlozhenii neftenosnych rayonov SSSR, 

p. 32, pi. 3, figs. lOa, b [not seen].

The specimen in Schneider's 1956 illustration differs 

from Fabalicypris shideleri (Delo) (pi. 3, fig. 6) by 

absence of ventroanterior offset in overlapping valve.

Geologic range. Permian.

Bairdiacypris elongata Kummerow, 1939

Bairdiacypris elongata Kummerow, 1939 Preuss. Geol. Landesanstalt Abh., n. f., no. 194, pt. A, p. 47, pi. 5, figs. 

7a, b. Lower Tournasian, Ratingen, Rheinland, Germany.

Geologic range. Carboniferous.

Bairdiacypris? haydenbranchensis (Payne), 1937 

Bythocypris haydenbranchensis Payne, 1937, Jour. Paleontology, v. 11, p. 285, pi. 40, figs, la, b. Hayden Branch 

formation, T. 8 N., R. 10 W., Sullivan County, Ind. 

[not] Bairdiacypris haydenbranchensis (Payne). Cooper, 

1946 = B. deloil Bradfield, 1935.

The holotype (Indiana Univ. 3221) is a corroded 

specimen that may not reflect the true shape and 

overlap of the species.

Geologic range. Middle Pennsylvanian.

Bairdiacypris major (Jones and Kirkby), 1886

Bairdia subelongata var. major Jones and Kirkby, 1886, Annals Mag. Nat. History, ser. 5, v. 18, p. 267, pi. 9, fig. 14. 

Carboniferous Limestone Series at Barmoor Redhouse 

(Lowick), Northumberland, England.

Geologic range. Carboniferous.

Bairdiacypris? paffrathensis (Kummerow), 1953 

Bairdia paffrathensis Kummerow, 1953, Staat. Geol. Komm. 

Deutsch. Demokrat. Republik, Geologie, Jahrg. 2, Beih. 

7, p. 52, pi. 5, figs. lOa, b. Middle Devonian, Paffrath, 

Germany.

The drawings indicate coloration that is not usual 

for Paleozoic ostracodes from this or any other area. 

Ostracodes from the Paffrath area are illustrated by 

excellent photographs (Krommelbein, 1954), and these 

photographs do not show coloration. The shape as 

well as coloration of Kummerow's species suggests 

that this may be a contaminant of a Eecent species of 

possibly "Candona" It is not unusual for Kecent 

contaminants to be mistaken for fossil forms. For 

example, Macrocypris kayi Spivey, 1939 (p. 173, pi. 21, 

figs. 11-13), is described as rare in the "depauperate

zone" of the lower Maquoketa shale (Upper Ordovician) near Clermont, Iowa. The holotype, a right 

valve, is a Kecent "Candona" that was collected on 

the east bank of the stream which joins Turkey Eiver. 

Geologic range. Middle Devonian (?) or Eecent.

Bairdiacypris? quartziana (Egorov), 1953

Bairdia quartziana Egorov, 1953, Vsesoyuz. Neft. Nauch.- 

Issled. Geol.-Razv. Inst., Moscov. Fillial, Moscow-Leningrad, p. 22, pi. 13, figs. 1-6, pi. 14, figs. 1-4, 8. Frasnian, northeastern European Russia.

Bairdia cf. B. quartziana Egorov, 1953, idem, p. 23, pi. 14, 

figs. 5-7. Frasnian, Don River, Russia.

Without examining the types it is not possible to 

determine whether all the figured specimens are conspecific. This species differs from B. deloi by its 

steeper dorsoposterior slope.

Geologic range. Upper Devonian.

Bairdiacypris robusta Kummerow, 1939

Bairdiacypris robusta Kummerow, 1939, Preuss. Geol. Landesanstalt Abh., n. f., no. 194, pt. A, p. 46, pi. 5, figs. 6a, b. 

Lower Tournasian limestone, Insemont, Belgium.

IBairdia cultrata Kummerow, 1939 [part], idem, p. 42, pi. 4, 

fig. 13 [not figs. 12a, b = Rectobairdial cultrata (Kummerow), 1939]. Lower Tournasian limestone, Ratingen, 

Rheinland, Germany.

Geologic range. Lower Mississippian.

Bairdiacypris subelongata (Jones and Kirkby), 1879

Bairdia subelongata Jones and Kirkby, 1879 [part], Geol. Soc.

London Quart. Jour., v. 35, p. 573, pi. 30, figs. 1-5, 6 (?)

[not fig. 7 = sp. indet.; not figs. 8, 9 = Cryptobairdia

sp. F; not figs. 10, 11 = Rectobairdia sp. F; not fig. 16

= Fabalicypris"! sp. indet.]. Carboniferous, Woodend

quarry, Ladedda quarry, Fife; Blinkbonny (?) quarry,

Mid Lothian, Scotland, 

[not] Bairdia subelongata Jones and Kirkby. Vine, 1884,

Yorkshire Geol. and Polytech. Soc. Proc., new ser., v. 8,

p. 231, pi. 12, figs. 1, la. Carboniferous, Yorkshire;

based on unrecognizable specimens, 

[not] Bairdia subelongata Jones and Kirkby. Jones and

Kirkby, 1886 = Bairdiacypris major (Jones and Kirkby),

1886. 

[not] Bairdia subelongata Jones and Kirkby. Jones and

Kirkby, 1892 = Bairdiacypris sp. A. 

[not] Bairdia subelongata Jones and Kirkby. Harlton, 1927 =

Fabalicypris acetalata (Coryell and Billings), 1932. 

[not] Bairdia subelongata Jones and Kirkby. Knight, 1928 =

Fabalicypris sp. indet. 

[not] Bairdia subelongata Jones and Kirkby. Harlton, 1929 =

Bairdiacyprisy trojana (Wilson), 1933. 

[not] Bairdia cf. B. subelongata Jones and Kirkby. Cooper,

1941 = Bairdiacypris sp. indet.

A lectotype should be designated from the original 

specimens.

Geologic range. Carboniferous.
60 REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OSTRACODE GENERA

Bairdiacypris? trojana (Wilson), 1933

Bairdia trojana Wilson, 1933, Jour. Paleontology, v. 7, p. 418, 

pi. 50, figs. 9a-c. Pennsylvanian, McAlester shale, 3-in 

zone immediately above McAlister coal in Trojan Coal 

Co. pit, sec. 13, T. 11 N., R. 19 E., Muskogee County, 

Okla.

Cooper, 1946, Illinois Geol. Survey Bull. 70, p. 54, pi. 4, 

figs. 36-38. Pennsylvanian, shale on top of Seville limestone, SWi4 sec. 26, T. 17 N., R. 1 W., Rock Island 

County, 111.

Wairdia trojana Wilson. Marple, 1952, Jour. Paleontology, 

v. 26, p. 931, pi. 133, fig. 15. Pennsylvanian, lower 

Mercer limestone member, in valley in fork of stream, 

NE^4 sec. 32, Elk Township, Vinton County, Ohio.

fBairdiacypris ardua Cooper, 1946, Illinois Geol. Survey Bull. 

70, p. 53, pi. 4, figs. 18, 19. Shales in Shumway cyclothem, SWi4 sec. 26, T. 9 N., R. 5 E., Efflngham County, 

111.

Bairdia subelongata Jones and Kirkby. Harlton, 1929, Texas 

Univ. Bull. 2901, p. 157, pi. 3, figs. 6a-d. Pennsylvanian, 

Canyon group. San Saba River valley near Hext, 

Menard County, Tex.

The holotype (USNM 112429) is an abraded specimen with a straight ventral margin; Cooper's specimen 

has a slightly concave ventral margin, and the larger 

valve has an anterior offset like Fabalicypris, while 

Marple's specimen has a slightly more curved dorsal 

margin. This species appears to be intermediate between Bairdiacypris and Fabalicypris.

Geologic range. Middle and Upper Pennsylvanian.

Bairdiacypris sp. A

Bairdia elongata (Miinster). Kummerow, 1939, Preuss. Geol. 

Landesanstalt Abh., n. f., no. 194, pt. A, p. 42, pi. 4, 

figs, lla, b. Mississippian, Lower Vis6 C2-S, dark limestone, Regnitzlosau and Trogenau near Hof, Bayern, 

Germany.

[not] Cythere elongata Miinster, 1830 = nomen dubium.

IBairdia subelongata Jones and Kirkby. Jones and Kirkby, 

1892, Annals Mag. Nat. History, ser. 6, v. 9, p. 304, 

pi. 16, fig. 6. Carboniferous, Mongolia.

[not] Bairdia cf. B. subelongata Jones and Kirkby. Cooper,

1941 = Bairdiacypris sp. indet. 

Geologic range. Carboniferous.

Bairdiacypris sp. 1

Bairdiacypris sp. 1 Cordell, 1952, Jour. Paleontology, v. 26, 

p. 98, pi. 19, figs. 23, 24. Pennsylvanian shale, Vinland 

member of the Stranger formation, outcrops from midboundary sees. 25 and 26 to midboundary sees. 25 and 30, 

T. 56 N., R. 35 W., 2 miles southwest of agency, 

Buchanan County, Mo.

Only one specimen is recorded, and it appears to 

be intermediate between B. deloi and B. curvis. 

Geologic range. Upper Pennsylvanian.

Bairdiacypris sp. indet.

Bairdia cf. B. subelongata Jones and Kirkby. Cooper, 1941, 

Illinois Geol. Survey Rept. Inv. 77, p. 26, pi. 2, figs. 2, 3. 

Mississippian, Golconda formation, NE^SW^NW^ sec. 

28, T. 13 S., R. 3 W., Johnson County, 111.

This is based on a corroded specimen. 

Geologic range. Upper Mississippian.

Bairdiacypris? sp. indet.

Bairdia glennensis Harlton. Knight, 1928, Jour. Paleontology, 

v. 2, p. 325, pi. 43, figs. 8a, b. Pawnee limestone, residual from lower 2 ft exposed in street construction in 

Davis Place subdivision. First street west of ClaytonFerguson trolley tracks and 200 ft north of Clayton 

Road, Clayton, St. Louis County, Mo.

The illustrations are of a broken specimen. 

Geologic range. Middle Pennsylvanian.

Bairdiacypris? sp. indet.

Bairdia glennensis Harlton. Glebovskaya, 1939, Neft. Geol.- 

Rasv. Inst., Trudy, ser. A, no. 115, p. 165 (list), pi. 2, 

fig. 6. Permian, Schwafferina zone, Northern Urals, 

Russia.

The illustration consists of a right view of a carapace(?) that differs from Harlton's specimens in that 

the highest part is in the anterior quarter of the greatest 

length. Although the ventral offset diagnostic of 

Fabalicypris is not shown, additional specimens may 

indicate that this species has that offset.

Geologic range. Permian.

TRANSFERRED SPECIES

Bairdiacypris glennensis (Harlton). Cordell, 1952 = 5. acuminata Cooper, 1946.

Bairdiacypris nebraskensis (Upson). Cooper, 1946 = Fabalicypris sp. B.

Bairdiacypris punctata Scott, 1942 = gen. indet.

Bairdiacypris"? rotundata Kummerow, 1953 = Fabalicyprisl 

rotundata (Kummerow), 1953.

Bairdiacypris shideleri (Delo). Cooper, 1946 = Fabalicypris 

sp. A.

Genus FABALICYPRIS Cooper, 1946

Fabalicypris Cooper, 1946, Illinois Geol. Survey Bull. 70, p. 59. 

Cordell, 1952, Jour. Paleontology, v. 26, p. 103.

Type species. Original designation F. wileyensis 

Cooper, 1946, Illinois Geol. Survey Bull. 70, p. 61, pi. 6, 

figs. 4-8. Pennsylvanian, Illinois.

Diagnosis. Differs from Bairdiacypris Bradfield by 

having a ventroanterior offset of overlapping valve 

and by a wide overlap along the dorsal margin. 

Hinge simple; inner margin wide; muscle scars unknown.

Discussion. In the original description Cooper 

(1946, p. 59) differentiated this genus from*Bairdiacypris by the ventroanterior offset and the absence of 

a pronounced posterodorsal margin. Several species 

here referred to this genus have in addition to the 

diagnostic ventroanterior offset a pronounced posterodorsal margin. Some species are gradational between 

the two genera, and it is possible that the two should 

be considered as subgenera of Bairdiacypris.
PALEOZOIC SPECIES OF BAIRDIA AND RELATED GENERA 61

The genus Fabalicypris differs from Bairdiacypris 

by having a wider overlap along the dorsal margin 

and a ventroanterior steplike offset. It is possible 

that both genera should be given subgeneric rank in 

Bairdiacypris. A total of 21 species are defined by 

a dichotomous key. Three of these are new but are 

here designated by letter. Four additional species are 

neither named nor designated by letter, but are included in figure 10. The stratigraphic range and 

frequency of occurrence of these species are shown 

on figure 10. Included in the chart are 4 unnamed 

species, 3 of which are tentatively referred to this 

genus because of inadequate data. One species, F. 

shideleri (Delo), 1930 is queried in the Permian 

column because data is not sufficient to determine the 

stratigraphic level in the well from which it is described.

Geologic range. Middle Devonian-Permian.

Lithology. Shale and limestone.

Habitat. Marine.

KEY TO SPECIES OF FABALICYPRIS

1. Ventral margin straight----------------------- 2

la. Ventral margin curved________-_______-----_-_ 3

2 (1). Greatest width in dorsal outline at midlength- ____

	sp. A (p. 64)

2a. Greatest width in dorsal outline behind midlength- 6

3 (la). Ventral margin convex________-_-___-----_---- 4

3a. Ventral margin concave__--__--___-_---------- 11

4 (3). Dorsal overlap of approximate even width._____ 5

4a. Dorsal overlap not of even width_____---_____- 9 

5 (4). Dorsoposterior margin extends to posterior third of

greatest length------------------- minuta (p. 63)

5a. Dorsoposterior margin extends to posterior quarter of

greatest length-___________________________ 7

6 (2a). Posterior point above midheight______ sp. 1 (p. 64)

6a. Posterior point below midheight-____ shideleri (p. 63)

7 (5a). Dorsal outline wedge shaped; greatest width in 

posterior third----------------------------- 8

7a. Dorsal outline elliptical------------- pulcher (p. 63)

8 (7). Posterior round in dorsal outline. __ wileyensis (p. 64) 

8a. Posterior pointed in dorsal outline _________________

subelliptica (p. 63)

9 (4a). Dorsoposterior margin extends to approximately midlength-_ _______ acuminata (p. 62), (dispar, planal)

9a. Dorsoposterior margin extends to posterior quarter of 

greatest length-___________________________ 10

10 (9a). Dorsal outline wedge shaped---------- sp. C (p. 64)

lOa. Dorsal outline subellipticaL_________ tennis (p. 64)

11 (3a). Dorsoposterior margin straight------------------ 12

1 la. Dorsoposterior margin convex__-______-__-__-_ 13

12 (11). Anteriormost point above midheight--- sp. B (p. 64) 

12a. Anteriormost point at midheight ___________________

hoxbarensis (p. 63) 

13 (lla). Ventral convexity in front of midlength--------- 14

13a. Ventral convexity at midlength-_______________ 17

14 (13). Posterior pointed in dorsal outline._________-----_-

muensteriana (p. 63) 

14a. Posterior round in dorsal outline----___________ 15

15 (14a). In dorsal outline, greatest width centraL------------

regularis (p. 63) 

15a. In dorsal outline, greatest width behind center___ 16

16 (15a). Anteriormost point below midheight-__--__________

geinitziana (p. 62)

NUMBER OF SPECIES AND LOCALITIES 

20 30

PERMIAN

PENNSYLVANIAN

MISSISSIPPIAN

DEVONIAN

Upper

Middle

Lower

Upper

Lower

Upper

Middle

1°

GO o>

o 

a:

O

EXPLANATION

Number of species restricted to 

system or parts of system

Number of species recorded in system or part 

of system, the types of which are from the 

Upper Pennsylvanian

m Number of species questionably assigned to system 

or part of system

Number of localities or stratigraphic levels 

from which the species are recorded

FIGURE 10. Stratigraphic range and frequency distribution of species of Fabalicypris.
62 REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OSTRACODE GENERA

16a. Anteriormost point at midheight. __________________

warthini (p. 64), (wetumkaensis) 

17 (13a). Posteriormost point below midheight_________ 18

17a. Posteriormost point at midheight._____________ 21

18 (17). Anteriormost point above midheight__________ 19

18a. Anteriormost point at or below midheight_______ 20

19 (18). In dorsal outline, greatest width at midlength _______

? perplexa (p. 63), (ovata)

19a. In dorsal outline, greatest width in posterior quarter

? subaequalis (p. 63)

20 (18a). In dorsal outline, greatest width in front of midlength 

anteriormost point at midheight_________________

glennensis (p. 62)

20a. In dorsal outline, greatest width at midlength; anteriormost point below midheight________________

? antiqua (p. 62)

21 (17a). Anteriormost point above midheight _______________

? rotundata (p. 63) 

21 a. Anteriormost point at midheight ___________________

acetalata (p. 62), (nebraskensis, rogatzi)

ASSIGNED SPECIES

Fabalicypris acetalata (Coryell and Billings), 1932

Bairdia acetalata Coryell and Billings, 1932, Am. Midland Naturalist, v. 13, p. 173, pi. 17, fig. 5. Wayland shale, highway leading from Cisco to Eastland, 5 miles east and 

2,000 ft north of Cisco, Eastland County, Tex. 

Upson, 1933, Nebraska Geol. Survey Bull. 8, p. 17, pi. 1, 

fig. 5a. Shale in Eiss limestone, SE. cor. SE14 sec. 3, 

T. 1 N, R. 13 E., Furnas County, Nebr.

Bairdia rogatsi Coryell and Sample, 1932, Am. Midland Naturalist, v. 13, p. 264, pi. 25, fig. 7. East Mountain shale, 

Mineral Wells formation, shale pit, 3 miles west of Mineral Wells, Palo Pinto County, Tex.

Bairdia, nebraskensis Upson, 1933, Nebraska Geol. Survey Bull. 

8, p. 18, pi. 1, figs. 6a, b. Shale seam in upper part of 

Fourmile limestone, roadcut Sty miles southeast of Randolph, Pottawatomie County, Kans.

Bairdia subelongata Jones and Kirkby. Harlton, 1927, Jour. 

Paleontology, v. 1, p. 210, pi. 33, fig. 11. Upper Glenn 

formation, NW^NW^ sec. 18, T. 5 S., R. 2 E., about 2 

miles south of Ardmore, Carter County, Okla.

Bairdia hoxbarensis Harlton. Kellett, 1934, Jour. Paleontology, v. 8, p. 131, pi. 16, figs. 5a-c. Elmdale formation, 

upstream from Cottonwood River bridge, east of Elmdale, Chase County, Kans.

IBairdia hoxbarensis Harlton. Johnson, 1936, Nebraska Geol. 

Survey Paper 11, p. 40, pi. 4, fig. 8. Island Creek shale, 

bluffs just south of the Burlington RR., sec. 32, T. 13 

N., R. 13 E., between 2% and 3% miles west of Oreapolis, Cass County, Nebr. Based on a steinkern. 

Payne, 1937, Jour. Paleontology, v. 11, p. 284, pi. 39, figs. 

6a, b. Hayden Branch formation, near Dodds Bridge 

on Turmans Creek, Sullivan County, Incl.

Bairdia hoxbarensis Harlton. Scott and Borger, 1941, Jour. 

Paleontology, v. 15, p. 354 [list], pi. 50, fig. 7. Macoupin 

cyclothem, along Embarrass River, 1 mile east of Lawrenceville, Lawrence County, 111.

[not] Bairdia acetalata Coryell and Billings. Coryell and 

Booth, 1933 = Fabalicyprisl hoxbarensis (Harlton), 

1927.

[not] Bairdiacypris nebraskensis (Upson). Cooper, 1946 = 

Fabalicypris sp. B.

This species is distinguished by a convex dorsoposterior margin.

Geologic range. -Upper Pennsylvanian-Permian.

Fabalicypris acuminata Cooper, 1946

Fabalicypris acuminata Cooper, 1946, Illinois Geol. Survey Bull. 

70, p. 60, pi. 5, figs. 33-36. Shale above Liverpool limestone, NW% sec. 17, T. 5 N., R. 4 E., Fulton County, 111.

Fabalicypris dispar Cooper, 1946, idem, p. 60, pi. 5, figs. 37-39. 

Shale above Liverpool limestone; same locality as above.

IFabalicypris plana Cooper, 1946, idem, p. 60, pi. 5, fig. 26. 

Shale above Liverpool limestone; same locality as above.

The three species from the same collection are considered here to be synonymous. Because Cooper 

(1946, p. 60) does not illustrate the dorsal outline of 

F. plana it is referred to F. acuminata with reservations.

Geologic range. Middle Pennsylvanian.

Fabalicypris? antiqua Pokorny, 1950

Fabalicypris antiqua Pokorny, 1950, Czechoslovakia, Stat. geol. 

list. Sbornik, v. 17, Paleontol., p. 548 (98), 611 (99), pi. 

5, fig. 14, text figs. 4-7. Middle Devonian, Red Coral 

limestone, Celechovice, Czechoslovakia.

Geologic range. Middle Devonian.

Fabalicypris? geinitziana (Jones), 1850

Cythere geinitziana Jones, 1850, in King, Paleontogr. Soc.

London, p. 62, pi. 6, fig. 46; pi. 18, figs. 4a-c. Permian.

Humbleton, England. 

Jones, 1859, in Kirkby, Tyneside Naturalists' Field Club

Trans., v. 4, p. 159, pi. 11, figs. 4a-c. Permian limestone,

Byers' quarry, Durham, England, 

[not] Bairdia geinitisiana (Jones). Richter 1855 = sp. indet.

The original description (Jones, 1850, p. 62) states 

that the specimen is "slightly punctated towards the 

anterior extremity." Well-preserved specimens of 

Fabalicypris in the United States are smooth shelled; 

consequently, this species may belong to an hitherto 

undescribed genus.

Geologic range. Permian.

Fabalicypris glennensis (Harlton), 1927 

Plate 3, figures 9-10

Bairdia glennensis Harlton, 1927, Jour. Paleontology, v. 1, p. 

210, pi. 33, fig. 10. Upper Glenn formation, one-fourth 

of a mile north of SEii sec. 9, T. 5 S., R. 1 E., Carter 

County, Okla., about 2 miles south of Ardmore.

IBairdia glennensis Harlton. Kellett, 1935, Jour. Paleontology, v. 9, p. 133, pi. 18, figs. 2a-e. Elmdale formation, 

carbonaceous shale on top of buff limestone, near Cottonwood River bridge east of Elmdale, Chase County, 

Kans.

IBairdianella oblongata Harlton, 1929, Texas Univ. Bull. 2901, 

p. 160, pi. 4, fig. 6. Pennsylvanian limestone, San Saba 

River valley, near Hext, Menard County, Tex.

[not] Bairdia glennensis Harlton. Knight, 1928 = Bairdiacyprisl sp. indet.
PALEOZOIC SPECIES OF BAIRDIA AND RELATED GENERA 63

[not] Bairdia glennensis Harlton. Bradfleld, 1935 = Fabalicypris hoxbarensisl (Harlton), 1927.

[not] Bairdia glennensis Harlton. Glebovskaya, 1939 = Bairdiacypris"? sp. indet.

[not] Bairdia cf. B. glennensis Harlton. Cooper, 1946 = sp. 

indet.

[not] Bairdia glennensis Harlton. Marple, 1952 = sp. indet.

[not] Bairdiacypris glennensis (Harlton). Cordell, 1952 = 

Bairdiacypris acuminata Cooper, 1946.

Geologic range. Upper Pennsylvanian-Permian.

Fabalicypris? hoxbarensis (Harlton), 1927

Bairdia hoxbarensis Harlton, 1927, Jour. Paleontology, v. 1, 

p. 211, pi. 33, fig. 12. Hoxbar formation, NW. cor. sec. 

20, T. 5 S., R. 1 E., about 2 miles south of Ardmore, 

Carter County, Okla.

iBairdia hoxbarensis Harlton. Cooper, 1946, Illinois Geol. 

Survey Bull. 70, p. 46, pi. 2, figs. 43, 44. Shale above 

Trivoli limestone, SW% sec. 29, T. 14 N., R. 10 W., 

Edgar County, 111.

Bairdia hoxbarensis Harlton. Cordell, 1952, Jour. Paleontology, v. 26, p. 86, pi. 19, figs. 29, 30. Farley limestone 

and Vilas shale, Missouri River bluff, east of State Highway 92, SW^4SW%SB% sec. 28, T. 52 N., R. 35 W., at 

west end of Farley, Platte County, Mo.

tBairdia acetalata Coryell and Billings. Coryell and Booth, 

1933, Am. Midland Naturalist, v. 14, p. 263, pi. 3, figs. 

10, 11. Wayland shale, 1 mile west of Graham, Young 

County, Tex.

iBairdia glennensis Harlton. Bradfield, 1935. Bull. Am. Paleontology, v. 32, no. 73, p. 81, pi. 5, figs. 12a, b. Shale, 

Devils Kitchen member of Deese formation, NW. cor. 

sec. 4, T. 6 S., R. 2 E., Love County, Okla.

[not] Bairdia hoxbarensis Harlton. Harlton, 1929 = Orthobairdia texana (Harlton), 1927.

[not] Bairdia hoxbarensis Harlton. Kellett, 1934 = Fabalicypris acetalata (Coryell and Billings), 1932.

[not] Bairdia hoxbarensis Harlton. Johnson, 1936 = Fabalicypris acetalata (Coryell and Billings), 1932.

[not] Bairdia hoxbarensis Harlton. Payne, 1937 = Fabalicypris acetalata (Coryell and Billings), 1932.

[not] Bairdia hoxbarensis Harlton. Scott and Borger, 1941 = 

Fabalicypris acetalata (Coryell and Billings), 1932.

Harlton's holotype (USNM 71408) is a partly corroded specimen that does not have the subelliptical 

dorsal outline with the greatest width at midlength 

as illustrated by Cooper (1946, pi. 2, fig. 43).

Geologic range. Middle and Upper Pennsylvanian.

Fabalicypris minuta Cooper, 1946

Fabalicypris minuta Cooper, 1946, Illinois Geol. Survey Bull. 

70, p. 60, pi. 5, figs. 31, 32. Shale on top of Seville limestone, SW% sec. 26, T. 17 N., R. 1 W., Rock Island 

County, 111.

Geologic range. Middle Pennsylvanian.

Fabalicypris? muensteriana (Jones and Kirkby), 1865 

Cythere muensteriana Jones and Kirkby, 1865, Annals Mag. 

Nat. History, ser. 3, v. 15, p. 410, pi. 20, figs, lla, b. 

Carboniferous or Mountain Limestone at Regnitzlosan, 

near Hof, Bavaria.

Geologic range. Carboniferous.

Fabalicypris? perplexa (Coryell and Rozanski), 1942

Bairdia perplexa Coryell and Rozanski, 1942, Jour. Paleontology, v. 16, p. 147, pi. 24, fig. 3. Glen Dean limestone, 

Hardin County, 111.

IMacrocypris ovata Cooper, 1941, Illinois Geol. Survey Rept. 

Inv. 77, p. 34, pi. 4, figs. 25, 26. Kinkaid formation, 

NE%SWi4NEi4 sec. 20, T. 12 S., R. 3 E., one-half a 

mile south of Veatch school, Johnson County, 111.

Geologic range. Upper Mississippian.

Fabalicypris pulcher Cordell, 1952

Fabalicypris pulcher Cordell, 1952, Jour. Paleontology, v. 26, 

p. 103, pi. 19, figs. 32, 35, 36, 39. Ladore shale, Hushpuckney shale, and Bethany Falls limestone, W% sec. 

13, T. 61 N., R. 25 W., near head of ravine across State 

Highway 6, 350 ft west of junction with County Highway W, 1.8 miles west of Trenton, Grundy County, Mo.

Geologic range. Upper Pennsylvanian.

Fabalicypris regularis Cooper, 1946

Fabalicypris regularis Cooper, 1946, Illinois Geol. Survey Bull. 

70, p. 60, pi. 6, figs. 1-3. Shale parting in upper part 

of Seville limestone, SW% sec. 24, T. 15 N., R. 4 W., 

Mercer County, 111.

Geologic range. Middle Pennsylvanian.

Fabalicypris? rotundata (Kummerow), 1953

Bairdiacypris"! rotundata Kummerow, 1953, Staat. Geol. Komm. 

Deutsch. Demokrat. Republik, Geologie, Jahrg. 2, Beih. 

7, Berlin, p. 17, pi. 1, figs, lla, b. Upper Carboniferous, 

Grodziec I, well no. 201, 171.4-171.5 m, Poland (?).

The illustrations are of a specimen that agrees in 

shape and thickness with Fabalicypris, but the diagnostic ventroanterior offset is not shown.

Geologic range. Upper Carboniferous.

Fabalicypris shideleri (Delo), 1930 

Plate 3, figures 6-8

Bairdia shideleri Delo, 1930, Jour. Paleontology, v. 4, p. 167, 

pi. 13, fig. 2. Pennsylvanian or Permian core, 1365-75 

ft, Transcontinental Oil Co., Blackstone-Slaughter No. 1 

well, blk. 129, sec. 29, Texas and St. Louis Survey; 250 

ft from west lines, elev. 3,635 ft. Pecos County, Tex.

[not] Bairdiacypris shideleri (Delo). Cooper, 1946 = Fabalicypris sp. A.

Geologic range. Pennsylvanian or Permian. 

Fabalicypris? subaequalis (Geis), 1932

Bairdia subaequalis Gels, 1932, Jour. Paleontology, v. 6, p.

178, pi. 25, figs. 13a, b. Salem limestone, Indiana. 

Bairdia subequalis Gels. Sohn, 1940, Jour. Paleontology, v.

14, p. 155 [spelling error].

Geologic range. Upper Mississippian.

Fabalicypris subelliptica Cordell, 1952

Fabalicypris subelliptica Cordell, 1952, Jour. Paleontology, v. 

26, p. 104, pi. 19, figs. 37, 38. Pleasanton shale and shale 

parting 3 ft above base of Sniabar limestone member of 

Herta formation, NE14NE14 sec. 21, T. 57 N., R. 25 W.,
64 REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OSTRACODE GENERA

ditch along County Highway D, and gully and creek to 

the east; 0.1-0.2 miles south of State Highway 36, 0.3 

mile southeast of Mooresville, Livingston County, Mo. 

Geologic range. Upper Pennsylvania!!.

Fabalicypris tenuis Cooper, 1946

Fabalicypris tenuis Cooper, 1946, Illinois Geol. Survey Bull. 

70, p. 61, pi. 6, figs. 9-11. Shale below Seville limestone 

NE% sec. 21, T. 17 N., R. 1 E., Henry County, and SW% 

sec. 5, T. 14 N., R. 2 W., Mercer County, 111. 

Geologic range. Middle Pennsylvanian.

Fabalicypris warthini (Bradfield), 1935

Plate 3, figure 28 

Bairdia ivarthini Bradfield, 1935, Bull. Am. Paleontology, v. 22,

no. 73, p. 83, pi. 5, figs, lla, b. Deese formation, near

NE. cor. NW% sec. 33, T. 3 S., R. 1 E., Carter County,

Okla. 

Fabalicypris wetumkaensis Cooper, 1946, Illinois Geol. Survey

Bull. 70, p. 61, pi. 6, figs. 12-19. Shale above Brereton

limestone, SW% sec. 9, T. 5 S., R. 6 W., Randolph

County, 111. 

Bairdia haworthi Knight. Warthin, 1930, Oklahoma Geol.

Survey Bull. 53, p. 72, pi. 6, figs. 4a, b. Shale, Wewoka

formation, hill 1,300 ft north and 200 ft east of SW.

cor. sec. 4 T. 3 N., R. 7 E., Pontotoc County, Okla. 

[not] Bairdia hatvorthi Knight, 1928 = Cryptobairdia haivorthi

(Knight), 1928. 

Geologic range. Middle Pennsylvanian.

Fabalicypris wileyensis Cooper, 1946

Fabalicypris wileyensis Cooper, 1946, Illinois Geol. Survey Bull. 

70, p. 61, pi. 6, figs. 4-8. Shale from Wiley cyclothem, 

SW!,4 sec. 36, T. 17 N., R. 9 W., Vermilion County, Ind.

IFabalicypris wileyensis Cooper. Marple, 1952, Jour. Paleontology, v. 26, p. 932, pi. 134, figs. 1-3. Lower Mercer 

limestone, fork of stream, NE^4 sec. 32, Elk Township, 

Vinton County, Ohio.

Marple illustrated a specimen with a straight ventral 

margin, but because most of her material is corroded, 

it is possible that her identification is not correct.

Geologic range. Middle Pennsylvanian.

Fabalicypris sp. A

Bairdiacypris shideleri (Delo). Cooper, 1946, Illinois Geol.

Survey Bull. 70, p. 54, pi. 4, figs. 26, 27. Shale below

lower bench of Lonsdale limestone, SE1^ sec. 16, T. 12

N., R. 9 E., Marshall County, 111. 

[not] Bairdia shideleri Delo, 1930 = Fabalicypris shideleri

(Delo), 1930.

The holotype of F. shideleri (Delo) (pi. 3, figs. 6-8) 

has the greatest width posterior to midlength, while 

Cooper's specimen is more spindle shaped and has the 

greatest width at midlength.

Geologic range. Middle Pennsylvanian.

Fabalicypris sp. B

Bairdiacypris nebraskensis (Upson). Cooper, 1946, Illinois 

Geol. Survey Bull. 70, p. 54, pi. 4, figs. 28, 29. Shale 

above and below Exiline limestone, NE% sec. 22, T. 14 

N., R. 7 E., Stark County, 111.

[not] Bairdia nebraskensis Upson, 1933 = F. nebraskensis 

(Upson), 1933.

The dorsoposterior margin of Cooper's species is 

straight, while Upson's species has a convex dorsoposterior margin.

Geologic range. Middle Pennsylvanian.

Fabalicypris? sp. C

Microcheilinella pergracilis Croneis and Gale. Cooper, 1941, 

Illinois Geol. Survey Rept. Inv. 77, p. 15 [list], pi. 4, 

figs. 39, 40. Vienna formation, SE^SW^ sec. 26, T. 

11 S., R. 1 W., Union County, 111.

[not] Microcheilinella pergracilis Croneis and Gale, 1939; based 

on a steinkern of probably Cavellina.

The specimen illustrated by Croneis and Gale (1939 

pi. 6, figs. 23, 24) differs from this species in the 

shape of the dorsal outline and by an apparently visible 

overlap along the anterior margin.

Geologic range. Upper Mississippian.

Fabalicypris sp. 1 Cordell, 1952

Fabalicypris sp. 1 Cordell, 1952, Jour. Paleontology, v. 26, p. 

104, pi. 119, figs. 31, 33, 34. Pleasanton shale, NE%SE% 

sec. 33, T. 65 N., R. 24 W., southeast and south bluffs 

of Weldon River valley, gulley immediately southeast 

of Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad, 0.3 mile 

southwest of Princeton, Mercer County, Mo.

Geologic range. Upper Pennsylvanian.

Fabalicypris? sp. indet.

Bairdia subelongata Jones and Kirkby, 1879 [part], Geol. Soc. 

London Quart. Jour., v. 35, p. 573, pi. 30, fig. 16 [not 

figs. 1-11; see Bairdiacypris subelonaata (Jones and 

Kirkby), 1879 for disposition]. Carboniferous, Pitlessie, 

Fifeshire, Scotland.

The illustration is of a specimen related to Fabalicypris, but as only one view is shown, it is not 

possible to identify the species.

Geologic range. Carboniferous.

Fabalicypris? sp. indet.

Bairdia"! subelongata Jones and Kirkby. Knight, 1928, Jour. 

Paleontology, v. 2, p. 326, pi. 43, fig. 9. Shaley upper 

surface of the Upper Fort Scott limestone exposed in 

vacant lot at northwest corner of Gustine and Mac Donald Streets, St. Louis, Mo.

The illustration is inadequate for identification; in 

1952 it was not possible to collect at this locality 

because of building construction.

Geologic range. Middle Pennsylvanian.

Fabalicypris sp.

Bairdia distracta Eichwald. Posner, 1951, Vsesoyuz. Neft. 

Nauch.-Issled Geol.-Razv. Inst, Trudy, (VNIGRI), new 

ser., no. 56, p. 87, pi. 19, figs. 4a-c. Aleksinskaya formation, Lower Carboniferous, Russia.

Geologic range. Lower Carboniferous.
PALEOZOIC SPECIES OF BAIRDIA AND RELATED GENERA 65

Genus ORTHOBAIRDIA Sohn, n. gen.

Type species. Bairdia cestriensis Ulrich, 1891, 

Cincinnati Soc. Nat. History Jour., v. 13, p. 210, pi. 17, 

figs. 6a-c. Chester shale, Kentucky.

Diagnosis. Differs from Bairdia in that the sides 

are parallel in dorsal outline.

Discussion. The reason for erecting this genus for 

species with parallel sides in dorsal outline is discussed 

on p. 12. The fact that very young instars as well 

as adults have parallel sides indicates that this feature 

is not due to dimorphism and ontogeny.

The genus Orthobairdia is characterized by parallel 

sides in dorsal outline. Nine species are defined by 

a dichotomous key. Two of these species are new but 

are designated here by letter. The stratigraphic range 

and frequency of occurrence of these species are shown 

on figure 11.

Geologic range. Middle Devonian, Upper Mississippian-Permian.

LitJiology. Shale, limestone.

Habitat. Marine.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ORTHOBAIKDIA

1. Dorsoposterior margin of larger valve equals one-third 

or more of greatest length.._________________ 2

la. Dorsoposterior margin of larger valve equals onequarter of greatest length____________________ 4

2 (1). Dorsoposterior margin straight, approximately onehalf of greatest length___.___________ sp. A (p. 69)

2a. Dorsoposterior margin curvecL_________________ 3

3 (2a). Dorsoposterior margin convex, approximately one-half 

of greatest length

oklahomaensis (p. 66), (dornickhillensis, auricular) 

3a. Dorsoposterior margin concave, approximately onethird of greatest length

powersi (p. 67), (perincertaf, crassimarginataf)

4 (la). Dorsoa.nterior margin concave.________ sp. B (p. 69)

4a. Dorsoa,nterior margin straight or convex.________ 5

5 (4a). Posterior point above midheight_---_- stictica (p. 68) 

5a. Posterior point at or below midheight-__________ 6

6 (5a). Greatest height less than half the greatest length. _ 7 

6a. Greatest height half or more than half the greatest

length__ ___________________________________ 8

7 (6). Dorsoposterior margin convex. __ subreniformis (p. 68) 

7a. Dorsoposterior margin straight or concave

kirki (p. 66)

8 (6a). Posterior half of right valve inflated, dorsum incised

texana (p. 68), (altifrons, chasae, 

florensisf, guadalupiana, nevensis, schollit) 

8a. Posterior half of right valve not inflated

cestriensis (p. 65), (aequa, clorensisf, plebia var. 

altaf, granireticulata, insolensf, cestriensis var.

granulosa) 

ASSIGNED SPECIES

Orthobairdia cestriensis (Ulrich), 1891 

Plate 3, figures 24-27

Bairdia cestriensis Ulrich, 1891 [part], Cincinnati Soc. Nat. 

History Jour., v. 13, p. 210, pi. 17, figs. 6a-c [not figs. 

7a, b; steinkern of indet. sp.]. Chester shale, Grayson 

Springs Station, Grayson County, Ky.

Cooper, 1941, Illinois Geol. Survey Kept. Inv. 77, p. 25, 

pi. 1, figs. 27, 28. Golconda formation 

sec. 28, T. 13 S., R. 3 W., Johnson County, 111.

NUMBER OF SPECIES AND LOCALITIES 

20 30

PERMIAN

PENNSYLVANIAN

MISSISSIPPIAN

DEVONIAN

Upper

Middle

Lower

Upper

Lower

Upper

Middle

2 1 1 8888s8888888888&8&$ 10

2 1

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ill fe 

PI -

%&88S!®$8®%^&X$a 1 2

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%* 1 H o "s

B1 SS : 1 1 ~ ^

3 Q _r Xxs3 .

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ol

£=

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1

EXPLANATION

3

Number of species restricted to 

system or parts of system

m Number of species recorded in system or part 

of system, the types of which are from the 

Permian

Number of species recorded in system or part 

of system, the types of which are from the 

Upper Pennsylvaman

Number of species recorded in system or part 

of system, the types of which are from the 

Upper Mississippian

Number of localities or stratigraphic levels 

from which the species are recorded

FIGURE 11. ''Stratigraphic range and frequency distribution of species of Orthobiardia.
66 REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OSTRACODE GENERA

Wairdia aff. B. cestriensis Ulrich. Girty, 1915, U.S. Geol. 

Survey Bull. 595, p. 39, pi. 2, fig. 10. "Spring Creek 

limestone." (Mississippian), chert, about 120 ft above 

black shale outcrop in bluff about a mile above Ruddells 

Mill, Batesville quadrangle, Ark.

Bairdia cestriensis var. granulosa Girty, 1910, New York Acad. 

Sci. Annals, v. 20, p. 237 [no illus.]. Limestone at bottom of Fayetteville shale, Fayetteville quadrangle, NW% 

NW% sec. 27, T. 17 N, R. 29 W., Washington County, 

Ark.

Bairdia granireticulata Harlton, 1929, Am. Jour. Sci., ser. 5, 

v. 18, no. 105, p. 267, pi. 2, figs. lOa, b. Fayetteville 

shale, just below limestone, 5 miles east of Vinita, SW. 

cor. sec. 15, T. 25 N., R. 21 E., Craig County, Okla.

Bairdia aequa Cooper, 1941, Illinois Geol. Survey Rept. Inv. 

77, p. 24, pi. 1, figs. 21, 22. Renault formation, NB% 

SW% sec. 9, T. 12 S., R. 1 W., Union County, 111.

 jBairdia insolens Cooper, 1941, idem, p. 28, pi. 2, figs. 1, 2. 

Renault formation, NWMNW1^ sec. 3, T. 14 S., R. 3 E., 

Massac County, 111.

Bairdia cooperi Croneis and Gale, 1939, Denison Univ. Bull., 

Jour. Sci. Lab., v. 33, p. 287, pi. 6, figs. 11, 12. Golconda 

formation, west bank of Lusk Creek, 2 miles north of 

Waltersburg, Pope County, 111.

tBairdia cooperi Croneis and Gale. Coryell and Rozanski, 

1942, Jour. Paleontology, v. 16, p. 107, pi. 24, fig. 5. 

Glen Dean formation, Frailey's Store section, Hardin 

County, 111.

tBairdia scminalis Knight. Coryell and Rozanski, 1942, Jour. 

Paleontology, p. 146, pi. 24, fig. 1. Glen Dean formation, 

Ohio River bluff, one-half a mile southwest of Frailey's 

Store, Hardin County, 111.

IBairdia clorensis Cooper, 1943, Jour. Paleontology, v. 17, p. 

629, n. name for B. sinuosa Cooper, 1941.

Wairdia sinuosa Cooper, 1941 [not Morey, 1936], Illinois Geol. 

Survey Rept. Inv. 77, p. 26, pi. 2, figs. 11, 12. Clore 

formation, railroad cut at Robbs, NE^NW^ sec. 30 and 

SE%SW% sec. 19, T. 12 S., R. 5 E., Pope County, 111. 

Based on a specimen that is probably partly abraded.

IBairdia plebia var. alta Jones and Kirkby, 1895 [not Bairdia 

hispida var. alta Bradfield, 1935 = B. beedei Ulrich and 

Bassler, 1906], Annals Mag. Nat. History, ser. 6, v. 16, 

p. 457, pi. 21, fig. 6. Carboniferous limestone, Dowgill 

Settle, Yorkshire, England.

^Bairdia golcondensis Croneis and Gale. Cooper, 1947, Jour. 

Paleontology, v. 21, p. 84 [list], pi. 21, figs. 25, 26. 

Kinkaid formation, about 40 miles southeast of Chester, 

Johnson County, 111.

[not] Bairdia granireticulata Harlton. Cooper, 1941 = Bairdia 

sp. J.

Ulrich's cotypes (USNM 41789) consist of 12 specimens that belong to 2 species. Eight specimens are 

Orthobairdia cestriensis (Ulrich), 1891, (figs. 6a-c), 

the other 4 (figs. 7a,b) are steinkerns of young growth 

stages of an unidentifiable species with convex sides. 

The two cotypes of B. granireticulatus Harlton 

(USNM 79370) are identical with Ulrich's specimens. 

The specimen illustrated here (pi. 3, figs. 24-26) is 

presumed to be the original of Ulrich's illustration 

(1891, fig. 6b) and is designated as the lectotype.

Geologic range. Upper Mississippian and Carboniferous.

Orthobairdia kirki Geis, n. name 

Bairdia compressa Geis, 1932, Jour. Paleontology, v. 6, p. 178,

pi. 25, figs. 8a, b. Salem limestone, Indiana, 

[not] Bairdia plebia var. compressa Kirkby, 1858 = Cryptol)airdia compressa (Kirkby), 1858. 

[not] B. kingii var. compressa Kirkby, 1859 = Cryptobairdia

compressa (Kirkby), 1858. 

This name is changed with Dr. Geis' permission.

Geologic range. Upper Mississippian.

Orthobairdia oklahomaensis (Harlton), 1927 

Plate 3, figures 13-21

Bairdia oklahomaensis Harlton, 1927, Jour. Paleontology, v. 1, 

p. 209, pi. 33, fig. 7. Upper Glenn formation NW%NW% 

NW% sec. 18, T. 5 S., R. 2 E., about 2 miles south of 

Ardmore, Carter County, Okla.

Harlton, 1929, Texas Univ. Bull. 2901, p. 156, pi. 3, figs. 

5a, b. Graham formation, marly shale and limestone, 

San Saba River valley, near Hext, Menard County, Tex. 

Warthin, 1930, Oklahoma Geol. Survey Bull. 53, p. 69, 

pi. 5, figs. 8a, b. Lower Holdenville formation, 10-20 ft 

above base, shale in creek vailey, 600 ft west of road, 

cor. NE^NWii sec. 1, T. 3 N., R. 6 E. Pontotoc County, 

Okla.

IBairdia oklahomaensis Harlton. Coryell and Billings, 1932, 

Am. Midland Naturalist, v. 13, p. 172, pi. 17, fig. 3. 

Wayland shale, 5 miles east and 2,000 ft north of Cisco, 

on Cisco-Eastland road, Eastland County, Tex. 

Coryell and Sample, 1932, idem, p. 264, pi. 25, fig. 9. East 

Mountain shale, Mineral Wells formation, shale pit, 

west of Mineral Wells, Palo Pinto County, Tex.

Bairdia oklahomaensis Harlton. Bradfield, 1935, Bull. Am. 

Paleontology, v. 22, no. 73, p. 85, pi. 5, figs. 9a, b. Hoxbar formation, shale about 175 ft above Hollis limestone 

270 ft north along road, east line sec. 7, T. 5 S., R. 2 E., 

Carter County, Okla.

tBairdia oklahomaensis Harlton. Johnson, 1936, Nebraska 

Geol. Survey Paper 11, p. 41, pi. 4, figs. 6, 7. Missouri 

series, Hickory Creek shale, west of Oreapolis, Nebr.

Bairdia oklahomaensis Harlton. Cooper, 1946, Illinois Geol. 

Survey Bull. 70, p. 48, pi. 3, figs. 15 (?), 17, 18, 19 (?), 

20 [not fig. 16, which is a ventral view of an indeterminate species]. Shale below Liverpool limestone, SE% 

sec. 35, T. 34 N, R. IE., La Salle County, and shale 

above Macoupin coal, NW% sec. 2, T. 9 N., R. 7 W., 

Macoupin County, 111.

Cordell, 1952, Jour. Paleontology, v. 26, p. 88, pi. 18, figs. 

21-24. Ladore shale, creekbed, a short distance north 

of gravel road, about midway between north and south 

lines of sec. 23, 0.2 mile west of east boundary of the 

section, T. 46 N., R. 31 W., 1.5 miles west of Pleasant 

Hill, Cass County, Mo.

Marple, 1952, Jour. Paleontology, v. 26, p. 930, pi. 133, 

figs. 6-11. Lower Mercer limestone, Poverty Run, 

Hopewell Township, Muskingum County, Ohio.

Bairdia auricula Knight, 1928, Jour. Paleontology, v. 2, p. 319, 

pi. 43, figs. 3a, b. "Brown lime" of Labette shale, south 

bank of creek east of Price Rd. and south of Ladue Rd., 

St. Louis, Mo.

Warthin, 1930, Oklahoma Geol. Survey Bull. 53, p. 68, 

pi. 5, figs. 7a, b. Wewoka formation, shale 75 ft above 

base, hill 1,300 ft east of southwest cor. sec. 4, T. 3 N., 

R. 7 E., Pontotoc County, Okla.
PALEOZOIC SPECIES OF BAIRDIA AND RELATED GENERA 67

Coryell and Sample, 1932, Am. Midland Naturalist, v. 13, 

p. 263, pi. 25, fig. 6. East Mountain shale, shale pit west 

of Mineral Wells, Palo Pinto County, Tex. The description states that the species is moderately convex in dorsal outline, which, if correct would exclude it from this 

species.

Bairdia dornickhillensis Harlton, 1929, Am. Jour. Sci., ser. 5, 

v. 18, no. 105, p. 268, pi. 2, figs. 12a, b. Dornick Hills 

formation, SE^SW^NE^ sec. 11, T. 4 S., R. 1 E., 

Carter County, Okla.

Bradfield, 1935, Bull. Am. Paleontology, v. 22, no. 73, p. 78, 

pi. 5, figs. 3a, b. Devil's Kitchen member of Deese 

formation, 10 ft of shale with thin limestone streaks 

below main limestone, between the two Devil's Kitchen 

sandstones, NW. cor. sec. 4, T. 6 S., R. 2 E., Love County, 

Okla.

Bairdia seminalis Knight. Payne, 1937, Jour. Paleontology, 

v. 11, p. 285, pi. 39, figs. 9a, b. Hayden Branch limestone, 85 ft below Merom sandstone, near Dodds Bridge 

over Turmans Creek, Sullivan County, Ind.

The two specimens of Orthobairdia oklahomaensis 

(Harlton), 1927, illustrated here on plate 3, figures 

16-19, are from the same sample (USGS loc. 12845) 

collected at Bradfield's loc. 68 (Bradfield, 1935, p. 143). 

They have the following measurements:

The greatest length was measured perpendicular 

to the ventral commissure (Sohn, 1954, p. 3); the 

greatest height was measured perpendicular to the 

length; and the greatest width was oriented as described by Sohn (Sohn, 1950, p. 34).

In order to discuss the ontogeny of this species, the 

fact that the larger specimen is probably an adult 

should be established. The following measurements 

are published for this species:

Published measurements for Orthobairdia oklahomaensis

Harlton (1927)----... ......

Harlton (1929)........ ........

Warthin (1930).......-.........

Coryell and Billings (1932)..... 

Coryell and Sample (1932)....

Bradfield (1935)..... ._....__...

Johnson (1936). ............ ....

Do..... .................

Cooper (1946)--_----. ..........

Cordell (1952).-..... ...

Marple (1952)... ........... ..

Do........................

Do . . ...

Do............. .........

Do.... .....................

Length 

(mm)

0.72

1.2

1.13

.83 

1.25

1.3

1.05

1.00

1.36

1.13

.61

.71

.92

1.10

Height 

(mm)

O iS

.7

.72

.50 

.76

7Q

.70

CO

.85

.69

00

.38

cc

.66

Width 

(mm)

O qo

.61

.40

.39

.17

.30

.41

.51

Comments

Assignment questioned. 

Do.

Harlton's holotype (USNM 71409) is recorded as 

having a length of 0.72 mm; remeasured with the same 

instrument as the two illustrated specimens, the greatest 

length is 1.23 mm, and the greatest height is 0.68 mm. 

Unfortunately, it is not practical to remeasure all the 

specimens for which measurements are listed. Because 

the size data are from 10 different investigators, they 

should not be used to construct an ontogenetic graph. 

Dr. R. V. Kesling very generously analyzed the two 

sets of measurements; he writes as follows (Oct. 11, 

1956) :

Of your two specimens of "Bairdia" oklahomaensis, I would 

assign the smaller to the penultimate instar before the larger. 

As I analyze them, an ideal series would be:

Your smaller snecimen . .. .. . .

Length I 

....... 1.26

....... 1.00

....... .79

.85

Jeight Width Product 

0. 74 0. 52 0. 4848 

.58 .41 . 2424 

.47 .33 - 1212 

.49 .35 . 1458

PI. 3, figs. 18, 19-. .........................

PI. 3, figs. 16, 17-.- ......................

Greatest 

length 

(mm)

0.85

1.26

Greatest 

height 

(mm)

0.49

.74

Greatest 

width 

(mm)

0.35

.52

This table shows that only two specimens, those of 

Bradfield (1935), and Cooper (1946), are reported 

to be larger than the one illustrated in this paper.

All dimensions of your smaller specimen are much closer to 

line 1 than to line 2, and hence the specimen appears to be 

two instars behind the larger.

As previously stated (p. 7), adults in the Bairdia 

s. 1. groups are approximately 1 mm in greatest 

length. The term "adult" is used in this paper to 

include postmaturity molt stages (Sohn, 1950a, p. 429). 

It is not possible to determine in this group the size 

at which maturity is reached, but the odds are in 

favor of specimens as small as 0.6 mm in greatest

length being more than one instar removed from . maturity. The group with straight sides are removed

into the new genus Orthobairdia because young as 

well as mature individuals have this feature.

Geologic range. Middle and Upper Pennsylvanian.

Orthobairdia powersi (Kellett), 1934

Bairdia powersi Kellett, 1934, Jour. Paleontology, v. 8, p. 133, 

pi. 17, figs. 6a-e. Burlingame limestone, U.S. Highway 

50, 4 miles north of Burlingame, Osage County, Kans.

tBairdia perincerta Kellett, 1934, Jour. Paleontology, p. 132, 

pi. 16, figs. 6a-d. Same locality as above.

Bairdia perincerta Kellett. Cordell, 1952, Jour. Paleontology, 

v. 26, p. 88, pi. 17, figs. 21-23. Hickory Creek shale, 

roadcuts along hill north of Oak Ridge School, 1.8 miles 

southeast of Weatherby, NE^NE^i sec. 35, T. 59 N., 

R. 30 W., De Kalb County; and lower shale in Lawrence 

formation, ditch at corner of Russel Street and Highway 59, St. Joseph, Buchanan County, Mo.

?Bairdia crassimarginata Cooper, 1946, Illinois Geol. Survey 

Bull. 70, p. 44, pi. 2, figs. 3-5. Shale below La Salle 

limestone, NW1^ sec. 33, T. 16 N., R. 11 E., Bureau 

County, 111.

tBairdia cf. B. ardmorensis Harlton. Bradfield, 1935, Bull. 

Am. Paleontology, v. 22, no. 73, p. 92, pi. 7, figs. 7a, b. 

Shale breaks in Otterville limestone, main gully, 200 yd 

south of north line and one-quarter of a mile west of 

east line of sec. 12, T. 3 S., R. 2 E., Carter County, 

Okla. Based on a corroded specimen that represents a 

very young individual.
68 REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OSTRACODE GENERA

[not] Bairdia ardmorensis Harlton, 1929 = Bairdiolites ardmorensis (Harlton), 1929.

Cooper does not state whether or not B. crassimarginata has a horizontal ridge on the left valve near 

the dorsal margin. His specimens have the thickened 

part of the centroventral edge of the left valve that 

is present in B. powersi; consequently, the assignment 

to 0. powersi is tentative.

Geologic range. Lower and Upper Pennsylvanian.

Orthobairdia subreniformis (Kirkby), 1859

Cythere subreniformis Kirkby, 1859, Tyneside Naturalist's

Field Club Trans., v. 4, p. 154, pi. 9, fig. 13. New name

for Bairdia reniformis Kirkby, 1858. 

Jones, 1859, in Kirkby, idem, p. 155, 168, pi. 11, figs. 23a-d

[23c is labeled 24c]. Permian, Sunderland, England. 

Bairdia, reniformis Kirkby, 1858, Annals Mag. Nat. History,

ser. 3, v. 2, p. 329, pi. 10, fig. 13. Permian, Tunstall

Hill, Durham, England.

Kirkby (1859, p. 154) decided that this species 

belonged to Cythere, and because there was a Cythere 

reniformis Baird, 1835 (Kecent), he renamed the 

species Cythere subreniformis. Bassler and Kellett 

(1934, p. 238) referred this species to Carbonita intermedia (Minister), 1830, from which it differs significantly.

Geologic range. Permian.

Orthobairdia stictica (Krommelbein), 1950

Bairdia stictica Krommelbein, 1950, Senckenbergiana, v. 31, 

p. 334, pi. 1, figs. 3a-d. Lower Middle Devonian, Salmerwald Mulde, Eifel, Germany. 

Geologic range. Middle Devonian.

Orthobairdia texana (Harlton), 1927

Plate 3, figure 29

Bairdia, texana Harlton, 1927, Jour. Paleontology, v. 1, p. 210, 

pi. 33, fig. 9. Shale just below Sedwick limestone, 2*£ 

miles northeast of Coleman, Coleman County, Tex. 

Bairdia altifrons Knight, 1928, idem, v. 2, p. 324, pi. 43, figs. 

6a, b. "Brown lime" of Labette shale, exposed in south 

bank of creek east of Price Rd. and south of Ladou Rd., 

St. Louis County, Mo.

Warthin, 1930, Oklahoma Geol. Survey Bull. 53, p. 70, 

pi. 5, figs. lOa, b. Wewoka(?) formation, 75 ft above 

base, shale on hill, 1,300 ft north and 200 ft east of 

SW. cor. sec. 4, T. 3 N., R. 7 E., Pontotoc County, Okla.

Kellett, 1934, Jour. Paleontology, v. 8, p. 135, pi. 18, figs. 

6a, b. Wewoka formation, 1,300 ft north of SW% sec. 4, 

T. 7 E., R. 3 N., Oklahoma. Note discrepancy between 

the above two localities that are supposed to be identical.

Johnson, 1936, Nebraska Geol. Survey Paper 11, p. 42, 

pi. 4, figs. 4, 5. Hickory Creek shale (Stanton formation), bluffs just south of Burlington Railroad, between 

2% and 3y2 miles west of Oreapolis, sec. 32, T. 13 N., 

R. 13 E., Cass County, Nebr.

Cooper, 1946, Illinois Geol. Survey Bull. 70, p. 40, pi. 1, 

figs. 20-22. Shale below lower bench of Lonsdale limestone, SE% sec. 16, T. 12 N., R. 9 E., Marshall County, 

111.

Cordell, 1952, Jour. Paleontology, v. 26, p. 82, pi. 17, figs. 

1-4. Base of Bonner Springs shale to base of Hickory 

Creek shale, SE^SE1^ sec. 28 and along boundary between sees. 28 and 33, T. 61 N., R. 30 W., 4 miles east 

of Berlin, Gentry County, Mo.

Wairdia altifrons Knight. Marple, 1952, Jour. Paleontology, 

v. 26, p. 929, pi. 133, figs. 4, 5. Lower Mercer limestone, 

valley of tributary of Johnathan Creek, on line between 

Madison Township, Perry County, and Newton Township, Muskingum County, Ohio. The illustrations are 

not adequate to determine the species.

Bairdia hoxbarensis Harlton. Harlton, 1929, Texas Univ. Bull. 

2901, p. 154, pi. 3, figs. la-d. Canyon series, San Saba 

River valley, near Hext, Menard County, Tex. Figure 

la is listed as the holotype; however, it is a different 

specimen than the holotype (USNM 71408). 

Bradfield, 1935, Bull. Am. Paleontology, v. 22, no. 73, p. 

86, pi. 6, fig. 8. Union Dairy formation railroad cut, 

SW1^ sec. 6, T. 5 S., R. 2 E., Carter County, Okla.

Bairdia chasae Kellett, 1934, Jour. Paleontology, v. 8, p. 135, 

pi. 18, figs. 5a-d. Deer Creek formation, railroad cut 

near Kansas River, just west of Shawnee-Douglas 

County line crossing Highway 10, Kansas.

Wairdia florenaensis Upson, 1933, Nebraska Geol. Survey Bull. 

8, p. 22, pi. 2, figs. 4a-c. Basal Florena shale, roadcut 

along south line of SW% sec. 34, T. 1 N., R. 14 E., 

Richardson County, Nebr.

Kellett, 1934, Jour. Paleontology, v. 8, p. 137, pi. 14, fig. 4; 

pi. 18, figs, la-d, 2a-d; pi. 19, figs, le, f, 2a-d. Cottonwood formation, Highway U.S. 40 at Ogden, Riley 

County; Wreford formation, low outcrop, road north of 

District No. 17 school, Chase County; Elmdale formation, shale parting exposed below road upstream from 

Cottonwood river bridge, east of Elmdale, Chase County; 

shale directly above Cottonwood limestone, large abandoned (1934) quarry, east of Cottonwood Falls, Chase 

County, Kans.

Wairdia cf. B. florenaensis Upson. Glebovskaya, 1938, Neft. 

Geol.-Razv. Inst, Trudy, ser. A, no. 101, p. 180, pi. 1, 

figs. 6, 6a. Lower Permian, Ischimbaev district, Russia.

Wairdia scholli Coryell and Booth, 1933, Am. Midland Naturalist, v. 14, p. 264, pi. 4, figs. 3, 4. Wayland shale, 1 

mile west of Graham, near Graham-Throckorton Rd., 

west of Salt Creek, Young County, Tex.

Bairdia ampla Reuss. Cooper, 1946, Illinois Geol. Survey Bull. 

70, p. 40, pi. 1, figs. 45-49. Shale in Shumway cyclothem, 

SW% sec. 26, T. 9 N., R. 5 E., Effingham County, 111.

Wairdia geinitziana (Jones). Reuss, 1854, Wetterauer Gesell. 

Naturk. Hanau Jahresb. 1851-53, p. 66, unnumbered 

plate, figs, la, b. Permian, Bleichenbach and Selters, 

Germany.

Bairdia guadalupiana Hamilton, 1942, Jour. Paleontology, v. 

16, p. 714, pi. 110, figs. 5a, b. Permian, uppermost Leonard or lowermost Word formation, Glass Mountains, 

Brewster County, Tex.

Bairdia nevensis Kellett, 1934, Jour. Paleontology, v. 8, p. 137, 

pi. 19, figs. 3a, b. Shale, Neva formation, along road 

winding uphill near Cottonwood River Bridge, east of 

Elmdale, Chase County, Kans.

The holotype of B. nevensis (USNM 89485) is a 

steinkern, as is the holotype of B. texana (USNM
PALEOZOIC SPECIES OF BAIRDIA AND RELATED GENERA 69

71720), which appears to have a concave ventral 

margin. 

Geologic range. Middle Pennsylvanian-Permian.

Orthobairdia sp. A

Bairdia brevis Jones and Kirkby. Cooper, 1941, Illinois Geol. 

Survey Kept. Inv. 77, p. 25, pi. 1, figs. 11, 12. Menard 

formation, south entrance to railroad tunnel 

sec. 1, T. 13 S., R. 4 E., Johnson County, 111. 

Geologic range. Upper Mississippian.

Orthobairdia sp. B

Bairdia grahamensis Harlton. Warthin, 1930, Oklahoma Geol. 

Survey Bull. 53, p. 70, pi. 5, figs. 12a, b. Holdenville 

formation, 10-20 ft above base, shale in creek valley, 

600 ft west of road, corner NE^NW^i sec, 1 T. 3 N., 

R. 6 E., Pontotoc County, Okla.

Geologic range. Middle Pennsylvanian. 

Genus PUSTULOBAIRDIA Sohn, n. gen.

Type species. Bairdiat pruniseminata Sohn, 1954, 

U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 264-A, p. 4, pi. 1, figs. 

1-7, Permian, Texas.

Diagnosis. Differs from Bairdia in that the surface 

is covered with pustules.

Geologic range. Upper Pennsylvanian-Permian.

Lithology. Limestone, shale.

Habitat. Marine.

KEY TO SPECIES OF PUSTULOBAIRDIA

1. End margins beaded._________ pruniseminata (p. 69)

la. End margins not beaded______________________ 2

2 (la). Ventral margin concave_________ ____ spinosa (p. 69)

2a. Ventral margin convex______________ sp. A (p. 69)

ASSIGNED SPECIES

Pustulobairdia pruniseminata (Sohn), 1954 

Plate 3, figures 22, 23

Bairdia pruniseminata Sohn, 1954, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. 

Paper 264-A, p. 4, pi. 1, figs. 1-7, text figs. la-d. Silicified limestone, uppermost Leonard or lowermost Word 

formation, Glass Mountains, Brewster County, Tex. 

Geologic range. Permian.

Pustulobairdia spinosa (Cooper), 1946

Bairdia spinosa Cooper, 1946 [not Polenova, 1952], Illinois 

Geol. Survey Bull. 70, p. 52, pi. 3, figs. 44-46. Shale 

parting in upper Shoal Creek limestone, NW^ sec. 36, 

T. 10 N., R. 7 W., Macoupin County, 111.

[not] Bairdiat aff. B. spinosa Cooper. Sohn, 1954 = Pustulobairdia sp. A.

[not]) Bairdia spinosa Polenova, 1952=Rectobair<lia tikhyi? 

(Polenova), 1952.

Geologic range. Upper Pennsylvanian.

Pustulobairdia sp. A

Bairdial aff. B. spinosa Cooper. Sohn, 1954, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 264-A, p. 5, pi. 1, figs. 12-18. Silicified 

limestone uppermost Leonard or lowermost Word formation Glass Mountains, Brewster County, Tex. 

Geologic range. Permian.

509584 O 60 1

Genus CERATOBAIRDIA Sohn, 1954

Ceratobairdia Sohn, 1954, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 264-A. 

p. 5.

Type species. Original designation G. dorsospinosa 

Sohn, 1954, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 264-A, p. 

6, pi. 1, figs. 27-32; pi. 2, figs. 17, 19. Permian, west 

Texas.

Diagnosis. Differs from Bairdia by the presence of 

thick spines or knobs along the dorsum of the larger 

valve and by a ventrolateral alate ridge.

Geologic range. Permian.

Lithology. Calcarenite.

Ha & it at. Marine.

ASSIGNED SPECIES

Ceratobairdia dorsospinosa Sohn, 1954 

Plate 3, figures 30-32

Ceratobairdia dorsospinosa, Sohn, 1954, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. 

Paper 264-A, p. 6, pi. 1, figs. 27-32; pi. 2, figs. 17, 19. 

Upper Leonard or Lower Word formation, Glass Mountains, Tex.

Geologic range. Permian.

Ceratobairdia wordensis (Hamilton), 1942

Plate 4, figures 8-17

Bairdia wordensis Hamilton, 1942, Jour. Paleontology, v. 16, 

p. 716, pi. 110, fig. 4. Upper Leonard or lower Word 

formation, Glass Mountains, Tex.

Geologic range. Permian.

Genus BAIRDIOIITES Croneis and Gale, 1939

Bairdiolites Croneis and Gale, 1939, Denison Univ. Bull. Jour. 

Sci. Lab., v. 33, p. 288.

Type species. Original designation B. crescentis 

Croneis and Gale, 1939, idem, v. 33, p. 288, pi. 6, 

figs. 19, 20. Golconda formation, Illinois.

Diagnosis. Differs from Bairdia s. 1. by possessing 

two curved parentheseslike ridges on the anterocentral 

and posterocentral parts of each valve.

Discussion. The dorsal outline of this genus varies 

in that the area between the curved ridges may be 

convex, parallel, or wedge shaped; the lateral outline 

of species in this genus is also variable, having the 

shape of several of the genera here removed from 

Bairdia.

The genus Bairdiolites is characterized by two parentheseslike ridges near each end of the valve. A 

total of 15 species are defined by a dichotomous key. 

Two of these species are new, but are designated here 

by letters. The sratigraphic range and the frequency 

of occurrence of these species are shown on figure 12.

This is essentially an Upper Mississippian genus, 

having only 1 species, B. ardmorensis (Harlton), 1929, 

recorded from the 2 localities of Early Pennsylvanian 

ag;e in Oklahoma.
70 REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OSTRACODE GENERA

NUMBER OF SPECIES AND LOCALITIES 

0 10

PERMIAN

PENNSYLVANIAN

MISSISSIPPIAN

DEVONIAN

Upper

Middle

Lower

Upper

Lower

Upper

Middle

1

14

1

^%$^^^fff^'^!f^$^^$%^^$^^20

EXPLANATION 

i

D

Number of species restricted to 

system or parts of system

^2

Number of localities or stratigraphic levels 

from which the species are recorded

FIGURE 12. Stratigraphic range and frequency distribution of species 

of Bairdiolites.

Geologic range. Upper Mississippian-Lower Pennsylvanian.

Litfiology. Limestone (?), shale. 

Habitat. Marine.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF BAIRDIOLITES

1. Dorsal margin straight________________________ 2

la. Dorsal margin convex. _______________________ 4

2 (1). Dorsal outline hexagonal; sides subparallel

crescentis (p. 71) 

2a. Dorsal outline not hexagonal __________________ 3

3 (2a). Greatest width in dorsal outline at midlength

elongatus (p. 71) 

3a. Greatest width in dorsal outline behind midlength

tennis (p. 71)

4 (la). Ventral margin straight_______________________ 5

4a. Ventral margin curved________________________ 10

5(4). Dorsoanterior margin straight-_--_--_.________ 6

5a. Dorsoanterior margin curved-_________________ 7

6 (5). Posterior point in ventral quarter of greatest height

bulbosus (p. 70) 

6a. Posterior point in ventral third of greatest height

vulgaris (p. 71)

7 (5a). Dorsoanterior margin concave-______ fovealis (p. 71)

7a. Dorsoanterior margin convex._________________ 8

8 (7a). Dorsoposterior margin convex _________________ 9

8a. Dorsoposterior margin concave___ ____ crassus (p. 71)

9 (8). Posterior point in ventral third of greatest height

procerus (p. 71) 

9a. Posterior point in ventral quarter of greatest height

ovatus (p. 71)

10 (4a). Ventral margin concave.____________ sp. A (p. 71)

lOa. Ventral margin convex________________________ 11

11 (lOa). Dorsoanterior margin straight-________________ 12

1 la. Dorsoanterior margin convex._________________ 13

12 (11). Dorsoanterior margin to approximate midlength

brevirostris (p. 70)

12a. Dorsoanterior margin to approximate one-third of 

greatest length_______________ ardmorensis (p. 70)

13 (lla). Dorsoposterior margin straight----- fornicatus (p. 71) 

13a. Dorsoposterior margin concave.--_----_-_---__ 14

14 (13a). Posterior point at midheight- _________ sp. B (p. 71)

14a. Posterior point below midheight

platypleurus (p. 71)

ASSIGNED SPECIES

Bairdiolites ardmorensis (Harlton), 1929 

Plate 4, figures 4-7

Bairdia ardmorensis Harlton, 1929, Am. Jour. Sci., ser. 5, v. 

18, no. 105, p. 267, pi. 2, fig. 11. Dornick Hills formation, 

NWi4SE% sec. 11, T. 4 S., R. 1 E. Carter County, Okla. 

Harlton, 1933, Jour. Paleontology, v. 7, p. 25, pi. 7, fig. 8. 

Johns Valley shale, below Wapanucka limestone, Hartshorne limestone quarry, center N% sec. 18, T. 4 N., 

R. 17 E., Latimer County, Okla.

[not] Bairdia cf. B. ardmorensis Harlton, Bradfield, 1935 = 

Orthobairdia powersl (Kellett), 1934.

Geologic range. Lower Pennsylvanian.

Bairdiolites brevirostris Croneis and Thurman, 1939

Bairdiolites brevirostris Croneis and Thurman, 1939, Denison 

Univ. Bull., Jour. Sci. Lab., v. 33, p. 326, pi. 7, fig. 20. 

Kinkaid formation, about 2 miles southeast of Bloomfield, presumably in SW^ sec. 35, T. 12 S., R. 3 E., 

Johnson County, 111.

Cooper, 1941, Illinois Geol. Survey Kept. Inv. 77, p. 26, 

pi. 2, figs. 15, 16. Degonia or Clore formation, railroad 

cut at Robbs, NE*4 sec. 30 and SEi^SW1^ sec. 19, T. 

12 S., R. 5 E., Pope County, 111.

Geologic range. Upper Mississippian.

Bairdiolites bulbosus Croneis and Bristol, 1939

Bairdiolites bulbosus Croneis and Bristol, 1939, Denison Univ.

Bull., Jour. Sci. Lab., v. 33, p. 95, pi. 3, figs. 14, 15.

Menard formation, Illinois. 

'i Bairdiolites emarginatus Croneis and Bristol, 1939, idem, p.

96, pi. 3, figs. 12, 13. Menard formation, Illinois, 

[not] Bairdiolites bulbosus Croneis and Bristol. Cooper, 1941

= B. procerus Cooper, 1941.

Cooper (1941, p. 2Y) considered B. emarginatus a 

synonym of B. bulbosus; however, because Croneis and 

Bristol illustrated a left valve view of B. emarginatus 

and a right valve view of B. bulbosus and because 

on the illustrations the posterior point of B. ema>rgina-tu-s appears higher on the specimen than B. bulbosus, the synonymy is here questioned. Cooper illustrated a specimen of B. bulbosus that is closer to B. 

procerus than it is to the holotype of B. bulbosus.

Geologic range. Upper Mississippian.
PALEOZOIC SPECIES OF BAIRDIA AND RELATED GENERA 71

Bairdiolites crassus Cooper, 1941

Bairdiolites crassus Cooper, 1941, Illinois Geol. Survey Kept. 

Inv. 77, p. 27, pi. 2, figs. 29, 30. Clore formation, core, 

H. Forester No. 1 well, W%SW%NW% sec. 5, T. 6 S., 

R. 1 W., Perry County, 111. 

Geologic range. Upper Mississippian.

Bairdiolites crescentis Croneis and Gale, 1939

Bairdiolites crescentis Croneis and Gale, 1939, Denison Univ.

Bull., Jour. Sci. Lab., v. 33, p. 288, pi. 6, figs. 19, 20.

Golconda formation, Pope County, 111. 

Croneis and Bristol, 1939, idem, v. 34, p. 96, pi. 3, fig. 18.

Menard formation, Illinois. 

Cooper, 1941, Illinois Geol. Survey Rept. Inv. 77, p. 14

[list], pi. 2, figs. 25, 26. Golconda formation, Ohio River

bluff, near Rock Quarry School, SW%SE% sec. 5, T. 13

S., R. 7 E., Pope County, 111.

Cooper (1941, p. 14) lists this species also from the 

Paint Creek, Vienna and Kinkaid formations. 

Geologic range. Upper Mississippian.

Bairdiolites elongatus Croneis and Funkhouser, 1939

Bairdiolites elongatus Croneis and Funkhouser, 1939, Denison 

Univ. Bull., Jour. Sci. Lab., v. 33, p. 356, pi. 9, figs. 16, 

17. Clore formation, Johnson County, 111. 

Cooper, 1941, Illinois Geol. Survey Rept. Inv. 77, p. 14 

[list], pi. 2, figs. 23, 24. Degonia or Clore formation, 

railroad cut near Robbs, NEi/iNW1^ sec. 30 and 

sec. 19, T. 12 S., R. 5 E., Pope County, 111.

The holotype is probably a steinkern. Cooper (1941, 

p. 14) lists this species from the Clore and Kinkaid 

formations, but according to Swann (oral communication) subsequent work by the Illinois Geological Survey determined Cooper's locality 5 to be either Degonia 

or Clore formation. A subsequent collection at 

Cooper's locality 5 (USGS 12840) did not yield this 

species. There is, however, a question whether the 

exact layer was sampled.

Geologic range. Upper Mississippian.

Bairdiolites fornicatus Cooper, 1941

Bairdiolites fornicatus Cooper, 1941, Illinois Geol. Survey Rept. 

Inv. 77, p. 27, pi. 2, figs. 27, 28. Menard formation, 

sec. 1, T. 13 S., R. 4 E., Johnson County, 111.

Geologic range. Upper Mississippian.

Bairdiolites fovealis Coryell and Rozanski, 1942

Bairdiolites fovealis Coryell and Rozanski, 1942, Jour. Palentology, v. 16, p. 147, pi. 24, figs. 6, 7. Glen Dean limestone, Hardin County, 111. 

Geologic range. Upper Mississippian.

Bairdiolites? ovatus Croneis and Funkhouser, 1939

Bairdiolites ovatus Croneis and Funkhouser, 1939, Denison 

Univ. Bull., Jour. Sci. Lab., v. 35, p. 357, pi. 9, figs. 13, 

14. Clore formation, limestone and shale in ravine 

north of road, 1 mile west of Whiteside School, Johnson 

County, 111.

[not] Bairdiolites ovatus Croneis and Funkhouser. Cooper, 

1941 = Bairdiolites sp. B.

The holotype, Walker Museum 44472, is a corroded 

specimen.

Geologic range. Upper Mississippian.

Bairdiolites platypleurus Croneis and Gale, 1939

Bairdiolites platypleurus Croneis and Gale, 1939, Denison Univ.

Bull., Jour. Sci. Lab., v. 33, p. 289, pi. 6, fig. 25. Golconda limestone and shale, roadcut near Douglas School,

Hardin County, 111. 

Bairdiolites platipleurus Croneis and Gale. Sohn, 1940, Jour.

Paleontology, v. 14, p. 156 [list]. 

[not] Bairdiolites platypleurus Croneis and Gale. Cooper,

1941 = Bairdiolites sp. A.

Geologic range. Upper Mississippian.

Bairdiolites procerus Cooper, 1941

Bairdiolites procerus Cooper, 1941, Illinois Geol. Survey Rept. 

Inv. 77, p. 27, pi. 2, figs. 39, 40. Kinkaid formation, NE% 

SW% sec. 35, T. 8 S., R. 4 W., Jackson County, 111.

^.Bairdiolites bulbosus Croneis and Bristol. Cooper, 1941, 

idem, p. 27, pi. 2, figs. 19, 20. Menard formation, NW% 

NE*4 sec. 2, T. 7 S., R. 7 W., Randolph County, 111.

Geologic range. Upper Mississippian.

Bairdiolites tenuis Cooper, 1941

Bairdiolites tenuis Cooper, 1941, Illinois Geol. Survey Rept. 

Inv. 77, p. 27, pi. 2, figs. 37-38. Renault formation, 

sec. G, T. 12 S., R. 1 W., Union County, 111.

Geologic range. Upper Mississippian.

Bairdiolites vulgaris Cooper, 1941

Bairdiolites vulgaris Cooper, 1941, Illinois Geol. Survey Rept. 

Inv. 77, p. 28, pi. 2, figs. 41-42. Paint Creek formation, 

SW% sec. 4, T. 6 S., R. 8 W., Randolph County, 111.

Geologic range. Upper Mississippian.

Bairdiolites sp. A

Bairdiolites platypleurus Croneis and Gale. Cooper, 1941, Illinois Geol. Survey Rept. Inv. 77, p. 14 [list], pi. 2, figs. 

43, 44. Renault (Shetlerville?) formation, loading docks 

for fluorspar southwest of Rosiclare, SW^SE1^ sec. 5, 

T. 13 S., R. 8 E., Hardin County, 111.

This species differs from B. platypleurus by having 

a concave ventral margin.

Geologic range. Upper Mississippian.

Bairdiolites sp. B

Bairdiolites ovatus Croneis and Funkhouser. Cooper, 1941, 

Illinois Geol. Survey Rept. Inv. 77, p. 27, pi. 2, flgs. 21, 

22. Degonia or Clore formation, railroad cut near 

Robbs, NE%NW% sec. 30, and SE^SWi/i sec. 19, T. 12 

S., R. 5 E., Pope County, 111.

Cooper records this as Kinkaid; see comment under 

B. elongatus.

Geologic range. Upper Mississippian.

SYNONYMS OF AND SPECIES REJECTED FROM 

BAIRDIOLITES

bulbosus Croneis and Bristol. Cooper, 1941 = Bairdiolites 

procerus Cooper, 1941.
72 REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OSTRACODE GENERA

Croneis and Bristol, 1939 = Bairdiolites 

Croneis and Bristol, 1939.

ovatus Croneis and Funkhouser. Cooper, 1941 = Bairdiolites 

sp. B.

platyplcurus Croneis and Gale. Cooper, 1941 = Bairdiolites 

sp. A.

Family HEALDIIDAE? Harlton, 1933 

Genus SILENTTES Coryell and Booth, 1933

Silenites Coryell and Booth, 1933, Am. Midland Naturalist,

v. 14, p. 265. 

[not] Silcnites Ancey, 1880, Le Naturaliste, v. 2, no. 42, p. 334

[error for Selenites Fischer, 1877], fide Howe, 1955

(P- 174).

Type species. Original designation 8. silenus Coryell 

and Booth, 1933, Am. Midland Naturalist, v. 14, p. 265, 

pi. 4, figs. 1, 2. Way land shale, Young County, Tex.

Diagnosis. Carapace smooth, large, short; height 

greater than one-half the length; ends round; overlap 

on all margins; dorsal margin overhangs smaller valve; 

duplicature narrow or absent.

Discusswn. Kell&tt (1935, pi. 17, fig. 91) illustrated a left valve that shows a muscle scar which she 

interpreted as pinnate, and consequently placed the 

genus in Cytherellidae. Her specimen and two right 

valves in the same slide (TJSNM 90120) show in glycerin with transmitted light a round muscle scar with 

many individual spots that is closer to the Healdiiclae. 

The hinge structure of a topotype specimen of S.

silenus differs from that illustrated for Bairdiocypris 

iixheime'mis Kegel by Krommelbein (1952, pi. 4, figs, 

la, b) in that the smaller valve does not have a steplike bevel on the outside into which the larger valve 

fits.

The genus Silenites is characterized by rounded ends, 

height greater than one-half the greatest length, and 

concave ventral margin. Nine species are defined by 

a dichotomous key. The stratigraphic range and the 

frequency of occurrence of these species are shown 

on figure 13.

Creologic range. Mississippian-Permian.

L itliology. Limestone, shale.

Hob Ita t. Marine.

KEY TO SPECIES OF SILENITES

1. Dorsal commissure angular at junction with one or 

both end margins_________________________ 2

la. Dorsal commissure evenly curved. _____________ 4

2 (1). Dorsoanterior margin of larger valve extends to approximate rnidlength__________________ warei (p. 74)

2a. Dorsoanterior margin of larger valve does not extend 

to midlength_ _____________________________ 3

3 (2a). Dorsoposterior margin of larger valve longer than 

dorsoanterior margin________ asymmetrica (p. 73)

3a. Dorsoposterior margin of larger valve shorter than 

dorsoanterior margin._____________________ 8

4 (la). Lateral outline not symmetrical; anterior narrower. 5

4a. Lateral outline approximately symmetrical--____ 7

5(4). Ends subround in dorsal outline_.______________ 6

NUMBER OF SPECIES AND LOCALITIES 

20 30

PERMIAN

PENNSYLVANIAN

MISSISSIPPIAN

z:

o

Q

Upper

Middle

Lower

Upper

Lower

Upper

Middle

i

i 1

J

3

^^X-V',''»'KV.».',V.'.^ 7

2

1 

| 0 5

f-0 u

I f 2_

DO | 

ll

EXPLANATION

3

Number of species restricted to 

system or parts of system

Number of species recorded in system or part 

of system, the types of which are from the 

Middle Pennsylvaman

Number of localities or stratigraphic levels 

from which the species are recorded

FIGURE 13. Stratigraphic range and frequency distribution of Silenites.
PALEOZOIC SPECIES OF BAIRDIA AND RELATED GENERA 73

5a. Ends pointed in dorsal outline_______ rudolphi (p. 74)

6 (5). Posterior end wider in dorsal outline; greatest width 

behind midlength_________________ opirna (p. 73)

6a. Both ends approximately the same width in dorsal 

outline; greatest width at approximate midlength 

lenticularis (p. 73), (faba, gallowayi ?, sasakwaensis}

7 (4a). Ventral margin gently concave______ fabalis (p. 73)

7a. Ventral margin distinctly concave

bilobatus (p. 73)

8 (3a). Dorsoanterior margin extends approximately to midheight_-_-______________________ silenus (p. 74)

8a. Dorsoanterior margin extends to ventral third of 

greatest height_______-_ ____ marginiferus (p. 73)

ASSIGNED SPECIES

Silenites asymmetrica Cooper, 1946

Silenites asymmetrica Cooper, 1946, Illinois Geol. Survey Bull. 

70, p. 75, pi. 10, fig. 29. Shale between Seville limestone, 

SWi/4 sec. 32, T. 14 N., R. 2 W., Mercer County, 111.

Geologic range. Middle Pennsylvaiiian. 

Silenites? bilobatus (Miinster), 1830

Cytliere bilobata Miinster, 1830, [Neues] Jahrb. Minerologie 

Geognosie, Geologie, Petrefaktenkunde, Jahrg. 1, p. 65 

[no illus.]. Carboniferous limestone Tragenau, near 

Hof, Bavaria.

1Cythere bilobata Miinster. Jones and Kirkby, 1865, Annals 

Mag. Nat. History, ser. 3, v. 15, p. 409, pi. 20, figs. lOa, b. 

Same locality as above but propably not the same species or an incomplete specimen of the species.

BytJlocypris bilobata (Miinster). Jones and Kirkby, 1892, 

Annals Mag. Nat. History, ser. 0, v. 9, p. 303, pi. 16, 

fig. 3. Carboniferous limestone, River Bardun, falling 

into the River Ezsin, south Mongolia.

Bairdia bilobata (Miinster). Jones and Kirkby, 1895, Annals 

Mag. Nat. History, ser. 6, v. 16, p. 455 [list].

[not] Cytliere (Potamocyprist) bilobata (Miinster). Jones 

and Kirkby, 1875, Annals Mag. Nat. History, ser. 4, 

v. 15, p. 57, pi. 6, figs. 8a-c, 9a, b, lOa-c. Carboniferous, 

light-yellow limestone, Kalonga Government, near village 

of Likhwine, Russia. = sp. indet.

[not] Bairdia excisa Eichwald, 1857 (?) == nomen dubiuni.

[not] Silenites bilobatus (Miinster). Kurnmerow, 1939 = &. 

rudolphi') (Kummerow), 1939.

The conception of this species is based on the illustration of BytJlocypris biloba-fa as illustrated by Jones 

and Kirkby, 1892. The first illustration of Cy there 

bilobata is by Jones and Kirkby, 1865, where they 

state (p. 409) that the specimen is atypical. Bairdia 

excisa Eichwald is inadequately illustrated to determine even generic affinities, and Jones and Kirkby's 

illustration of Cytliere (Potamocypris?} bilobafa is 

based on three specimens sent by Eichwald as Bairdia 

excisa that can also not be determined even as to genus.

Geologic range. Carboniferous.

Silenites fabalis Cooper, 1946

Silenites fabalis Cooper, 1946, Illinois Geol. Survey Bull. 70, 

p. 75, pi. 10, figs. 30-32. Shale below St. David limestone, SW1/! sec. 9, T. 5 S., R. 6 W., Randolph County;

and shales, Liverpool cyclothem, 

R. 3 E., Fulton County, 111.

% sec. 21, T. 6 N.,

Geologic range. Middle Pennsylvania!!.

Silenites lenticularis (Knight), 1928

Plate 4, figure 3

Carbonial lenticularis Knight, 1928, Jour. Paleontology, v. 2, 

p. 335, pi. 44, figs. 9a, b. Residual from lower 2 ft of 

Pawnee limestone, exposed in street construction, Davis 

Place subdivision, first street west of Kirkwood-Ferguson 

trolley tracks, and 200 ft north of Clayton Rd., Clayton, 

St. Louis County, Mo. Based on weathered immature 

specimen fide Kellett (1935, p. 151).

Bythocypris sasakwaensis Warthin, 1930, Oklahoma Geol. Survey Bull. 53, p. 73, pi. 6, figs. 5a, b. Sasakwa limestone 

member of the Holdenville formation, old quarry (1930), 

in south part of Sasakwa, Serninole County, Okla. 

Bradfield, 1935, Bull. Am. Paleontology, v. 22, no. 73, p. 96, 

pi. 7, fig. 13. Weathered Hollis limestone, creek bank 

near north line NW%NW% sec. 17, T. 5 S., R. 2 E., 

3 miles south of Ardmore, Carter County, Okla.

BytJlocypris faba Coryell and Osorio, 1932, Am. Midland Naturalist, v. 13, p. 36, pi. 5, fig. 4. Nowata shale, outcrop 

near Hughes' quarry about 2 miles northeast of Tulsa, 

Tulsa County, Okla.

tBytJwcypris galloway i Coryell and Osorio, 1932, Am. Midland 

Naturalist, v. 13, p. 35, pi. 5, fig. 3. Nowata shale, outcrop near Hughes' quarry, about 2 miles northeast of 

Tulsa, Tulsa County, Okla. Based on a very young 

individual.

Silenites lenticularis (Knight). Kellett, 1935, Jour. Paleontology, v. 9, p. 151, pi. 17, figs. 9a-i. Americus limestone, 1% miles straight south of Alien, Lyon County ; 

and Elmdale formation, shale partings, below the road 

and upstream near the Cottonwood River bridge, east of 

Elmdale, Chase County, Kans.

Johnson, 1936, Nebraska Geol. Survey Paper 11, p. 44, pi. 

4, fig. 12. Euclora shale, 1 ft 6 in, buffs just south of 

Burlington Railroad, between 2% and 3% miles west 

of Oreapolis, sec. 32, T. 13 N., R. 13 E., Cass County, 

Nebr.

Cooper, 1946, Illinois Geol. Survey Bull. 70, p. 76, pi. 10, 

figs. 33-36. Shale above St. David limestone, SE^4 sec. 

1, T. 9 S., R. 1 E. Williamson County ; and shales above 

and below the Brereton Limestone, NE1^ sec. 15, T. 13 

N, R. 6 E., Stark County, 111.

Geologic range. Middle and Upper PennsylvanianPermian.

Silenites marginiferus (Geis), 1932 

BytJlocypris marginifera Geis, 1932, Jour. Paleontology, v. 6,

p. 179, pi. 26, figs. 2a, b. Salem limestone, Indiana. 

[not] Silenites -niarghnferms (Geis). Morey, 1936 =Silenites 

icarei Morey, 1936.

Geologic range. Upper Mississippian.

Silenites? opima (Cooper), 1941

BytJlocypris opima Cooper, 1941, Illinois Geol. Survey Rept. 

Inv. 77, p. 29, pi. 3, figs. 20, 21. Golconda formation, 

roadcut 0.8 mile north of Homherg, NW^NW1/! sec. 3, 

T. 14 S., R. 6 E., Pope County, 111.
74 REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OSTRACODE GENERA

Wyfhocypris amsdenensis Morey. Scott, 1942, Jour. Paleontology, v. 16, p. 162, pi. 25, fig. 18. Otter formation. 

Bast end of Little Belt Mountains, about 4 miles due 

west of Judith Gap, Wheatland (?) County, Mont.

Bythocyprls amsdenemis as illustrated by Scott is 

a specimen less than 0.5 mm in greatest length that 

differs in lateral outline from Morey's holotype. This 

specimen is questionably referred to Silenites? opima 

because the shapes are similar.

Geologic range. Upper Mississippian.

Silenites? rudolphi (Kummerow), 1939

Bythocypris rudolphi Kummerow, 1939, Preuss. Geol. Landesanstalt Abh., n. f., no. 194, p. 48, pi. 5, figs. 9a, b. Carboniferous (Co-Si), Ratingen, Rheinland, Germany.

ISilenites bilobatus (Minister). Kummerow, 1939, Preuss. 

Geol. Landesanstalt Abh., n. f., no. 194, p. 49, pi. 5, 

figs, lla, b. Carboniferous, (C2 ), Regnitzlosau bei Hof, 

Germany.

Geologic range. Upper Mississippian.

Silenites silenus Coryell and Booth, 1933

Plate 4, figures 1, 2

Silenites silenus Coryell and Booth, 1933, Am. Midland Naturalist, v. 14, p. 265, pi. 4, figs. 1, 2. Wayland shale, 

near the Grahain-Throckorton road, west of Salt Creek, 

1 mile west of Graham, Young County, Tex. 

Cooper, 1946, Illinois Geol. Survey Bull. 70, p. 76, pi. 10, 

figs. 37, 38. Shale parting in Newton limestone, SE1/! 

sec. 35, T.-9 N., R. 7 E., Cumberland County, 111.

Geologic range. Upper Pennsylvanian.

Silenites warei Morey, 1936

Silenites warei Morey, 1936, Jour. Paleontology, v. 10, p. 121, 

pi. 17, figs. 12, 14. Basal Chouteau limestone, near 

Brown's Station, 3 miles northwest of the town at the 

junction of Lost and Clear Fork Creeks, Boone County, 

Mo.

ISilenites marginiferus (Geis). Morey, 1936, Jour. Paleontology, v. 10, p. 121, pi. 17, figs. 23, 25. Basal Chouteau 

limestone, near Brown's Station, 3 miles northwest of 

the town at the junction of Lost and Clear Fork Creeks, 

Boone County, Mo.

Geologic range. Lower Mississippian (?).

DOUBTFUL NAMES 

Silenites texanus Harlton, 1929

BytJiocypns'i texana Harlton, 1929. Texas Univ. Bull. 2901, p. 

160, pi. 1, fig. 1. Canyon group, San Saba River valley 

near Hext, Menard County, Tex.

The holotype (USNM 80593) of this species is a 

steinkern that suggests the shape of Silenites.

Silenites grayi (Crespin), 1945

Wairdia. (jrayi Crespin, 1945, Royal Soc. Queensland Proc., v. 

56-60, p. 32, pi. 4, figs, la, b. Permian. Lower Bowen 

series, shaly limestone, north bank of Cattle Creek, 14 

miles southeast of Springsure, Queensland, Australia.

SPECIES REJECTED 

Silenites symmetricus Kummerow, 1953

Silenites symmetricus Kummerow, 1953, Staat. Geol. Kornrn. 

Deutsch. Demokrat. Republik, Geologie, Jahrg. 2, Beih. 

7, p. 54, pi. 7 [given as pi. 6 in text], figs. 4a, b. Middle Devonian, upper Stringocephalus beds, Tagebau, 

Schwelner Brunnen, Germany.

This species is based on a steinkern fide Kummerow 

(1953, p. 74) and possibly belongs to Pullvillites Opik,

1937.

Silenites robustus Kummerow, 1953

Silenites robitstus Kummerow, 1953 = Bckencil robusta (Kummerow), 1953.

Family UNNAMED

This family will be named by Berdan and Sohn in 

the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part Q, 

Ostracoda (written communication).

Inequivalved subovate asymmetrical medium-sized ostracodes 

with thick shells; tubules normal to shell surface, wider on interior surface, invisible on exterior of well-preserved specimens. 

Hinge simple; hingeline straight, shorter than greatest length 

of carapace. Surface smooth, punctate or rugulose. Geologic 

range Ordovician( ?), Silurian-Devonian.

The hingeline in this family is always incised, and 

the greatest width is equal to or larger than the greatest height. The tubules normal to the shell surface 

are here illustrated by a thin section (pi. 5, fig. 12) and 

by means of radiographs (pi. 5, figs. 5, 7-9) (Schmidt, 

1952) prepared by Dr. R. A. M. Schmidt.

This lower Paleozoic family is included here because several species previously assigned to Bairdiocypris belong to genera in this group. Species in 

these genera are not critically revised.

Genus TTJBULIBAIRDIA Swartz, 1936

Tubulibairdia Swartz, 1936, Jour. Paleontology, v. 10, p. 581.

Bythocypris (Bairdiocypris) Kegel, 1932 [part], Preuss. Geol. 

Landesanstalt Abh., Jahrb. 1931, v. 52, p. 246.

Pachydomella Ulrich. Krommelbein, 1955, Senckenbergiana, v. 

36, p. 299.

Microcheilinella Geis. Kummerow, 1933, [part], Staat. Geol. 

Komm. Deutsch. Demokrat. Republik, Geologie, Jahrg. 

2, Beih. 7, p. 299.

?MicrocheilincUa Geis. Boucek and Pfibyl, 1955 [part], Czechoslovakia, Stat. geol. IMF. list., Sbornik, v. 21, Paleont, 

p. 602 (26), 632 (56), 655 (79).

Type species. Original designation Tubulibairdia 

tubulifera Swartz, 1936, Jour. Paleontology, v. 10, p. 

581, pi. 89, figs. 2a-r. Middle Devonian, Pennsylvania.

Dia-gnosi-s. A genus in this family with rounded 

cross section, without any shoulders, ridges or grooves.

Discussion-. The type material for this genus consists of internal casts and molds. The type species 

is illustrated on plate 5, figure 6. Later work, mostly 

by my colleague, Jean M. Berdan, shows this genus
PALEOZOIC SPECIES OF BAIRDIA AND RELATED GENERA 75

to be common in Middle Silurian through Middle 

Devonian rocks. Dr. K. Krommelbein, Frankfurt-amMain, Germany, very generously sent specimens of 

Bairdiocypris clava Kegel, 1932, that undoubtedly 

belong to this genus. Krommelbein (1955, p. 299) 

referred this species to Pachydomella Ulrich, 1891, 

while Kummerow (1953, p. 60) and Boucek and Pfibyl 

(1955, p. 655) assigned this group of species to 

Microcheilinella Geis, 1933. Krommelbein (1955, text 

fig. 1, pi. 2, fig. 26) illustrated the diagnostic cross 

section of this genus that differs from that of Microclieilinella Geis, 1933, by having a more incised hingeline; compare plate 5, figure 12 and figure 13. The 

specimens of Microcheilinella are much smaller.

Kummerow (1953, p. 61), and Boucek and Pfibyl 

(1955, p. 657 (81)) included in Microclieilinella species 

with curved hinge lines. These species are excluded 

from Tubulibairdia because of that feature; their 

proper generic assignment is not yet known. As noted 

by Boucek and Pfibyl (p. 656), the upper Paleozoic 

species of Microcheilinella are all smaller. The type 

species, M. distorta Geis, is more elongate, has a less 

arched dorsal margin, and does not have tubules in 

the shell wall.

Geologic range. Ordovician (?), Middle SilurianMiddle Devonian.

Lithology. Limestone, shale.

Habitat. Marine.

ASSIGNED SPECIES

Because this is a lower Paleozoic genus, only those 

species that are here assigned for the first time to 

Tubulibairdia are listed.

ASSIGNED SPECIES

Tubulibairdia amaliae (Kummerow), 1953

Microcheilinella amaliae Kummerow, 1953, Staat. Geol. Komrn. 

Deutsch. Demokrat. Republik, Geologie, Jahrg. 2, Beih. 

7, p. 59, pi. 6, figs. 5a, b. Middle Devonian, Germany.

Geologic range. Middle Devonian.

Tubulibairdia antecedens var. antecedens (Kegel), 1932

Bythocypris (Bairdiocypris) clava var. antecedens Kegel, 1932, 

Preuss. Geol. Landesanstalt, Jahrb. 1931, v. 52, p. 247, 

pi. 13, figs. 3a, b. Middle Devonian, Eifel, Germany.

PacTiydomella antecedens var. antecedens (Kegel). Krommelbein, 1955, Senckenbergiana, v. 36, p. 302, pi. 2, figs. 

13-20. Middle Devonian, Eifel, Germany.

Geologic range. Middle Devonian.

Tubulibairdia? antecedens var. wolfarti (Krommelbein), 1955

Pachydomella antecedens var. icolfarti Krommelbein, 1955, 

Senckenbergiana, v. 36, p. 307, pi. 2, figs. 21-24. Middle 

Devonian, Eifel, Germany.

It is not possible to determine whether the horizontal 

ribbing of this and the previous variety is due to

preservation or is an actual ornament. Should this 

feature be morphologic, then the two varieties probably 

do not belong to this genus.

Geologic range. Middle Devonian.

Tubulibairdia clava (Kegel), 1932

Bythocypris (Bairdiocypris) clava Kegel, 1932, Preuss. Geol. 

Landesanstalt, Jahrb. 1931, v. 52, p. 246, pi. 13, figs. 2a-d. 

Middle Devonian, Eifel, Germany.

Pachydomella clava (Kegel.) Krommelbein, 1955, Senckenbergiana, v. 36, p. 300, pi. 1, figs. 8, 12. Middle Devonian, 

Eifel, Germany.

[not?] MicroeheilineUa clava (Kegel). Kummerow, 1953, Staat. 

Geol. Komm. Deutsch. Demokrat. Republik, Geologie, 

Jahrg. 2, Beih. 7, p. 60, pi. 2, figs. 6a, b. Middle Devonian limestone, Ense bei Wildungen, Germany. Differs 

in lateral outline.

Geologic range. Middle Devonian.

Tubulibairdia? corbuloides (Jones and Holl), 1869

CytJiere corbuloides Jones and Holl, 1869, Annals Mag. Nat. 

History, ser. 4, v. 3, p. 211, pi. 15, figs. 4a-e [figs. 5a, b, 

considered as a young individual or a small male in the 

discussion, probably represents another species]. Silurian shale and limestone, England.

Geologic range. Silurian.

Tubulibairdia decaturi (Wilson), 1935

Microcheilinella, decaturi Wilson, 1935, Jour. Paleontology, v. 

9, p. 646, pi. 78, figs, lla, b. Birdsong shale, glades on 

Allan Conrad place, about 2y2 miles north-northeast of 

Jeannette, Decatur County, Tenn. The holotype (TJSNM 

112905) is a corroded specimen.

Geologic range. Lower Devonian.

Tubulibairdia? fecunda (Pribyl and Snajdr), 1950

Bythocypris (Bairdiocyprist) fecunda Pfibyl and Snajdr, 1950, 

Czechoslovakia, Stat. geol. ust. Sbornik, v. 17, Paleont, 

p. 119 (19), 161 (61), pi. 2, figs. 5-8. Chotec" limestone, 

Holyn£ near Prague, Czechoslovakia.

Geologic range. Middle Devonian.

Tubulibairdia longula (Ulrich and Bassler), 1913 

Pachydomella longula Ulrich and Bassler, 1913, Maryland Geol. 

Survey, Lower Devonian, v., p. 542, pi. 98, figs. 29-31. 

Keyser member of the Helderberg formation, Cumberland, Md.

Geologic range. Lower Devonian.

Tubulibairdia punctulata (Ulrich), 1891

Plate 5, figures 7, 10, 11, 14-17

Bythocypris punctulata. Ulrich, 1891, Cincinnati Soc. Nat. History Jour., v. 13, p. 196, pi. 17, figs. 2a-c. "Onondaga 

limestone," Falls of the Ohio, Louisville, Ky.

Microcheilinella punctulata (Ulrich). Bassler and Kellett, 

1934, Geol. Soc. America, Spec. Paper 1, p. 412.

Geologic range. Lower Devonian.
76 REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OSTRACODE GENERA

Tubulibairdia tenuisulcata (Pokorny), 1950

Bairdiocypris clava tenuisulcata Pokorny, 1950, Czechoslovakia, 

Stnt. geol. list., Shornik, v. 17, Paleoiit., p. 556 (45), 

617 (105), pi. 3, figs, la-cl. Givetian, red marly coral 

limestone, Ruzicka quarry, Celechovice, Czechoslovakia.

Three topotype specimens of this species (USNM 

135910) are either squashed or abraded. 

Geologic range. Middle Devonian.

Genus PHAtfASSYMETRIA Roth, 1929

Phanassymetria Roth, 1929, Jour. Paleontology, v. 3, p. 358. 

Sohn and Berdan, 1952, Washington Acad. Sci. Jour., v.

42, p. 7. 

PJianassy metric a, Roth. Neave, 1940, Nomenclator Zoologicus,

v. 3, p. 694. 

Phanasymm-etrica Roth. Van den Bold, 1946, Contrib. to the

study of Ostracoda, p. 22. 

[not] Phanassymetria Roth. Van Veen, 1936, Natuurh. Maandblad, Jaarg. 25, p. 177. Cretaceous, Holland = Pseudophanasymmetria Sohn and Berden, 1952.

Type species. Original designation P. triserrata 

Both, 1929, Jour. Paleontology, v. 3, p. 358, pi. 37, 

figs. 20a-c. Devonian, Oklahoma.

Diagnosis. A genus in this family with angular 

cross section, groove below shoulder of larger valve 

and with horizontal ridge below midheight of one or 

both valves.

Discussion. Amsden (1956, p. 55) states that the 

type species was subsequently designated by Bassler 

and Kellett. The type species is here considered as 

originally designated by Koth because of the "new 

genus, new species" rule (Blackwelder, 1952, p. 16). 

Koth (1929, p. 358) did not define Phanassymetria. 

The first species described, P. triserrata, has "n. gen. 

and n. sp." after the name, which, according to the 

rules, is the type species.

Sohn and Berdan (1952) removed the post-Paleozoic 

species previously assigned to this genus because those 

species lacked the diagnostic shell tubules (pi. 5, fig. 5).

The diagnostic cross section and ridges are illustrated by figure 14.

The sections illustrated on figure 14 2 to 4 were made 

as follows: A specimen was mounted with Canada 

balsam on a glass slide and oriented with the anterior 

up by using a wooden toothpick. After grinding 

down the desired amount, the polished surface was 

drawn using a camera lucida. After warming the 

Canada balsam, the remainder of the specimen was 

then oriented in the same plane as the drawing of the 

carapace, and the image projected with the camera 

lucida upon the drawing of the complete carapace. 

It was then possible to show the line of section A 

on figure 14 1. The second and third specimens, illustrated as figures 14 3 and -4, were mounted and ground

down to the desired planes. The remaining specimens 

were reoriented and projected on the drawing. This 

method has the advantage of preserving the original 

of each drawing.

The sections illustrated in figure 14 6 to 10 were all 

made on the same specimen, with the result that only 

the two final polished surfaces are preserved as USNM 

133225.

Geologic range. Silurian-Devonian.

Lithology. Marl.

Habitat. Marine.

Genus PACHYDOMELLA Ulrich, 1891

Pachydomella Ulrich, 1891, Cincinnati Soc. Nat. History Jour.,

v. 13, p. 197.

Swain, 1953, Jour. Paleontology, v. 27, p. 280. 

Senescellal Stewart and Hendrix, 1945, Jour. Paleontology, v.

19, p. 113. Type species by original designation 8.

marginaspinata Stewart and Hendrix, 1945. Devonian,

Ohio, 

[not] Pachydomella Ulrich. Krommelbein, 1955, Senckenberg.

Lethaea, v. 36, p. 299 = Tubulibairdia Swartz, 1936.

Type species. Original designation P. tumida Ulrich, 1891, Cincinnati Soc. Nat. History, Jour., v. 13, 

p. 198, pi. 13, figs. 5a-c. Devonian, Falls of the Ohio,

K^-

Diagnosis. A genus in this family with rounded

cross section, with groove below shoulder of larger 

valve, and without horizontal ridges below midheight.

Discussion. The original description of the genus 

and the type species include as a diagnostic character 

a subcentral umbilical pit. This feature is the result 

of preservation and is not a true feature of the species 

(pi. 5, figs. 8, 9,18-21). Because of this erroneous diagnosis, the genus has been misunderstood. Although no 

species belonging to this genus have been referred to 

Bairdia-, it is included here as an aid in understanding 

the related genera (fig. 15-1 to 6).

Geologic range. Devonian.

Lithology. Limestone, marl, chert.

Habitat. Marine.

Family RJSHONIDAE Sohn, n. fam.

Diagnosis. Smooth inequivalved ostracodes; one 

valve overlaps the other along the dorsum; the other 

valve overlaps the first along the venter.

Discussion. The characteristic overlap of this family distinguishes it from all other Paleozoic ostracode 

families. Included in this family are Samarella 

Polenova, 1952 (not assigned to any family in the 

original description), Reversocypris Pfibyl, 1955 

(= SatnareUal} (originally described in Bairdiidae 

Sars, 1887), SUenis Neckaja, 1958, and possibly Whipplella Holland, 1934, as well as Gutschickia Scott,
PALEOZOIC SPECIES OF BAIRDIA AND RELATED GENERA 77

B 1

AB CD E

FIGURE 14. Polished sections through Phanassymetria. 

1-4. Phanassymetria triserrata Roth, 1929.

1. Left view of carapace X 29 upon which are projected the lines of sections 2, 3, 4. Figured specimen USNM 133220.

2. Polished surface through anterior of a carapace X 44, position shown on figure 14-1 as line A. USNM 133221.

3. Polished surface through the approximate center of a carapace X 44, position shown on figure 14-1 as line B. USNM 133222.

4. Polished surface through posterior portion of a carapace X 44, position shown on figure 14-1 as line C. USNM 133223.

Haragan marl, one-half mile southeast of "White Mound," Murray County, Okla. 

5-10. Phanassymetria quadrupla Roth, 1929.

5. Right view of carapace X 14 upon which are projected the lines of sections 6-10. Paratype USNM 1333224. Basal Haragan 

marl, "White Mound," northeast corner sec. 20, T. 2S, R. 3E., Murray County, Okla.

6. Posterior view of polished surface of section shown on figure 14-5 as line A, X 23.

7. Posterior view of polished surface of section shown on figure 14-5 as line B, X 23.

8. Posterior view of polished surface of section shown on figure 14-5 as line C, X 23.

9. Posterior view of polished surface of section shown on figure 14-5 as line D, X 23.

10. Anterior view of polished surface of section shown on figure 14-5 as line E, X 23. Figured specimen, USNM 133225. 

Haragan marl, one-half a mile southeast of "White Mound," Murray County, Okla.

1944. The last two are fresh-water genera of Pennsylvanian and Permian age that are not a part of 

this study. Whipplella was originally described in 

Aparchitiidae Ulrich and Bassler, 1923. Scott (1944b, 

p. 142) moved Whipplella to Cypridae Baird, 1845, 

and described the related genus Gutschickia. Bythocypris monoumbonftta Hessland, 1949 (Ordovician), 

may belong to a genus in this family.

Paraparchites Ulrich and Bassler, 1906, and related 

genera, have one valve overlapping the other along the 

venter and the other overhanging the larger valve 

along the dorsum. These genera do not belong to this 

family because they have a straight hingeline, and the 

smaller valve does not really overlap the larger valve: 

it has a groove into which the larger valve fits. 

Furthermore, most of these genera are semicircular
78 REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OSTRACODE GENERA

/ "7T~7 i

E D C B A 

1

FIGURE 15. Polished sections through Pachydomella sp.

1. Left view of carapace, X 29, upon which are projected the lines of sections 2-6.

2. Polished surface through specimen, posterior view X 44, position shown on figure 15-1 as line A.

3. The same through line B shown on figure 15-1.

4. The same through line C shown on figure 15-1.

5. The same through line D shown on figure 15-1.

6. Polished surface through specimen, anterior view X 44, line E shown on figure 15-1. Thin section, USNM 133226, Haragan marl, one-half a mile southeast of 

"White Mound," Murray County, Okla.
PALEOZOIC SPECIES OF BAIRDIA AND RELATED GENERA 79

in lateral outline and have a spine in the dorsoanterior 

position of one or both valves.

Genus RISHONA Sohn, n. gen.

Pontocypris Sars. Jones, 1887, Annals Mag. Nat. History,

ser. 5, v. 19, p. 182. Silurian, England. 

Bairdia McCoy. Eichwald, 1860 [part], Lethaea Rossica, v. 1,

p. 1337. Silurian, Russia.

Type species. Bairdia gibbera Kesling and Kilgore, 

1952 [not Morey, 1935] = Bairdia epi-cypha Kesling 

and Kilgore, 1955.

Diagnosis. Bishonidae with gently curved dorsal 

margin and with unequal end margins.

Discussion. Some Lower Paleozoic species that 

were provisionally referred to the living genus Pontocypris Sars, 1866, are provisionally placed in this 

genus. Additional study may remove the Silurian 

species into a new genus.

When this study was being edited, Neckaja (1958, 

p. 370) described the Silurian genus Silenis, to which 

she referred Pontocypris mawii Jones, ~[&%1=Rishona? 

mawii (Jones) of this paper. Silenis subtriangulata 

Neckaja, 1958, the type species of /Silenis, differs in 

lateral outline from Rishona, epicypha (Kesling and 

Kilgore), 1955; consequently, the two genera are probably distinct. It is possible that the Silurian species 

here referred to Rishona, may belong to Silenis.

The name R'ishona is feminine.

Geologic range. Silurian (?), Devonian, Carbonif erous(?).

Lithology. Limestone, shale, marl.

Habitat. Marine.

ASSIGNED SPECIES

Rishona bassleri Sohn, n. sp.

Plate 5, figures 1-4

Dorsal margin gently curved; dorsoposterior margin 

straight to slightly convex, extends to approximately 

one-third of greatest length; dorsoanterior margin 

slightly concave, extends to approximately one-quarter 

of greatest length. End margin subequal; posterior 

larger; both ends below midheight.

Specimens of this species were in a collection of 

ostracodes that were segregated by Dr. R. S. Bassler 

from material collected by Dr. C. Schuchert from the 

Silurian near Klinkham, Gotland.

Geologic range. Silurian.

Rishona? distracta (Eichwald), 1857

Bairdia distracta Eichwald, 1857, Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou Bull., 

v. 30, pt. 1, p. 199 [not seen].

Eichwald, 1857, idem, pt. 2, no. 4, p. 311 [no illus.].

Eichwald, 1860, Lethaea Rossica, v. 1, p. 1341, atlas, pi. 52, 

figs. 12a-d. Lower Carboniferous, Borowitschi, Novgorod Province, Russia.

Eichwald (1860, p. 1341) describes "eye tubercles" 

that are not illustrated. The possibility that this 

description was somehow confused with the description 

of his Bairdia laevigata (p. 1342), and the illustration 

of which does show a tubercle on one valve, should 

be considered. If this species has eye tubercles, it 

would automatically be excluded from Rishona. (See 

discussion under R.f laevigata.}

Geologic range. Carboniferous.

Rishona epicypha (Kesling and Kilgore), 1955 

Plate 5, figures 22-26

Bairdia epicypha Kesling and Kilgore, 1955, Jour. Paleontology, 

v. 29, p. 189. New name for B. gibbera Kesling and 

Kilgore, 1952 [not Morey, 1935].

Bairdia gibbera Kesling and Kilgore, 1952, Michigan Univ. 

Mus. Paleontology Oontrib., v. 10, no. 1, p. 14, pi. 4, 

figs. 9-17. Genshaw formation, outcrop in roadcut and 

ditch on the west side of Long Lake about one-half a 

mile south of Le Roy's Resort, at the junction of West 

Long Lake Road and the entrance to Martin's Resort, 

near the center of the west half of sec. 32, T. 33 N., 

R. 8 E., Presque Isle County, Mien.

Kesling very generously loaned me his types as well 

as a slide containing topotype material. The material 

is poorly preserved, but several crushed specimens 

suggest a very thin shell. A polished section through 

one of the topotypes indicates that one valve overlaps 

on the dorsal margin and the other valve overlaps 

slightly on the ventral margin.

Geologic range. Middle Devonian.

Rishona? laevigata (Eichwald), 1857(?)

Cypridina laevigata Eichwald, 1857, Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou 

Bull., v. 30, pt. 2, no. 4, p. 310, Carboniferous, near the 

village of Sloboda, and also near the village of Filimonoff, Tula Government, Russia.

Bairdia laevigata Eichwald, 1860, Lethaea Rossica, v. 1, p. 1342, 

pi. 52, figs. 5a-d. Same localities as above.

In the discussion Eichwald (1860, p. 1343) established a smaller black variety, Bairdia laevigata var. 

nigrescent. Both the species and the variety are considered by Jones and Kirkby (1875, p. 53) as varieties 

of Le-perditia okeni (Minister), 1830. Bassler and 

Kellett (1934, p. 426, 427) refer to the species as 

Paraparchites f laevigatus (Eichwald) and to the variety as Paraparchites laevigatus nigrescens (Jones and 

Kirkby). Comparison of Eichwald's illustrations (pi. 

52, figs. 5b-d) with those of Jones and Kirkby (1875, 

pi. 16, figs. 1, 2) suggests that two different genera 

are involved. Jones and Kirkby illustrate a Paraparchites, but Eichwald illustrates a genus with 

affinities to Rislwna.. Eichwald's figure 5b can be 

interpreted as a ventral view, in which case the "eye 

spot" would be on the ventroanterior part of the valve 

and would not belong to Paraparchites. Because of
80 REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OSTRACODE GENERA

this protuberance on the valve surface, the species is 

here questionably referred to Rishona. 

Geologic range. Carboniferous.

Rishona magna (Roth), 1929 

Plate 4, figures 18-21

Pontocypris srnitlii var. magna Roth, 1929, Jour. Paleontology, 

v. 3, p. 366, pi. 38, figs. 26a, b. Haragan inarl, sec. 4, 

T. 2 N., R. 6 E., and SW^NE^i sec. 28, T. 3 N., R. 6 E., 

Pontotoc County, Okla.

The slide labeled "holotype" (USNM 80643) contains 3 left valves, 1 of which is the original of figure 

26a that is presumed to be the type specimen. Because 

only single valves were available to Roth, the overlap 

is not discussed. Roth's specimens differ from Pontocypris smithi Jones, 1887, in size, lateral outline, and 

relative width; consequently, the variety is here elevated to specific rank. Material from the "White 

Mound" section of the Haragan shale contains complete carapaces that are the same species as Roth's 

left valves (pi. 38, figs. 26a, b) in which the characteristic overlap of the genus is developed.

Geologic range. Lower Devonian.

Rishona? mawii (Jones), 1887

Pontocypris maivii Jones, 1887, Annals Mag. Nat. History, 

ser. 5. v. 19, p. 182, pi. 4, figs. 4a-cl, 7. Wenlock shale, 

Bildwas bed no. 22, probably 2 miles west of Ironbridge, 

Shropshire, England.

"iPontocypris mawii Jones. Jones, 1888, idem, ser. 6, v. 1, 

p. 397, pi. 22, figs. 3a-c. Shale, brickyard at Froj el, 

Gotland.

Geologic range. Silurian.

Rishona? mawii var. gibbera (Jones), 1887

Pontocypris mawii var. gibbera Jones, 1887, Annals Mag. Nat. 

History, ser. 5, v. 19, p. 182, pi. 4, fig. 6. Wenlock shale, 

Bildwas bed no. 22, probably 2 miles west of Ironbridge, 

Shropshire, England.

Geologic range. Silurian.

Rishona? protracta (Eichwald), 1860

Bairdia protracta Eichwald, 1860, Lethaea Rossica, v. 1, p. 

1338, atlas pi. 52, figs. 19a-d. Coral limestone near 

Orynine, Kamenetz-Podolsk, Russia.

Geologic range. Silurian.

Rishona? smithii (Jones), 1887

Pontocypris smithii Jones, 1887, Annals Mag. Nat. History, 

ser. 5, v. 19, p. 184, pi. 4, figs. 5a-d. Wenlock beds (no. 

64), Dudley Castle, Shropshire, England.

Geologic range. Silurian.

Rishona? viluensis (Ivanova), 1955

Bythocypris viluensis Ivanova, 1955, in Nikiforova, Vsesoyuz. 

Neft. Nauch.-Issled. Geol. Inst, Moscow (VSEGEI), 

new ser., p. 116, pi. 59, figs. 5a-c. Silurian, Vilua River, 

Sibir.

The illustrations are of a specimen that has the 

diagnostic overlap for this genus. 

Geologic range. Lower Silurian.

Rishona? sp. A

Gen. and sp. undet. "B" Stover, 1956, Jour. Paleontology, v. 

30, p. 1139, pi. 119, figs. 35, 36. Windom member of the 

Moscow formation, type section, along Little Beards 

Creek, 0.5 mile east of New York Route 36, and 0.75 

mile north of Leicester, Livingston County, N.Y.

Stover described 2 specimens and illustrates 1 of 

them as having the proper overlap for Rishona. It is 

possible that he is either dealing with steinkerns or 

that the overlap is reversed; that is, left over right 

on dorsum, right over left on venter.

Geologic range. Devonian.

Genus SAMARELLA Polenova, 1952

Samarella Polenova, 1952, Vsesoyuz. Neft. Nauch.-Issled. Geol.- 

Razv. Inst., Trudy (VNIGRI), new ser., no. 60, pt. 5, 

p. 136. Middle Devonian, Russia.

"iReversocypris Pfibyl, 1955, Czechoslovakia, Ustf. list, geol., 

Sbornik, v. 21, 1954, Paleont, Praha, p. 189 (29), 240 

(80), 285 (125). Lower Devonian, Bohemia. Type species by original designation R. regularis Pfibyl, 1955, 

idem, p. 190 (30), 241 (81), 285 (125), pi. 4, figs. 8-14.

Type species. Original designation $. crassa Polenova, 1952, Vsesoyuz. Neft. Nauch.-Issled. Geol.-Razv. 

Inst., Trudy, new ser. no. 60, pt. 5, p. 137, p. 15, figs, 

la-c, 2. Middle Devonian, Russia.

Diagnosis. Translated from the Russian:

Thick shell; lateral outline irregularly rounded-rectangular. 

Right valve overlaps left along the venter; left valve overlaps 

right along the dorsum. The overlapping part of the valve 

bears a rounded swelling best expressed in anterior and posterior thirds of valve. Surface shagreen. Hinge observed 

only on left valve where the groove is developed. The muscle 

scar is oval-longitudinal with the long axis directed obliquely 

forward. The number of muscle tubercles situated in 2 rows 

is 7-10.

The genus is characterized by the overlap of opposing valves 

in the upper and lower parts of the shell and moldlike infllations in ventral and dorsal edges of the overlapping parts of 

the shell. These peculiarities have not been observed in known 

genera, which permitted the erection of the new genus. Close 

genera are unknown.

Pfibyl (1955) described two species in the genus 

Reversocypris (type species R. regularis Pfibyl, 1955) 

on the basis that the right valve overlaps the left 

along the dorsum and left valve overlaps the right 

along the venter. His drawing of a valve of R. klukoO <^>

vicensis Pfibyl (1955, pi. 2, figs. 7, 8) suggests that 

this genus might belong in /Sam-arella. His two species 

are here provisionally placed in synonymy with each 

other. The orientation of Samarella is here reversed

180°.
PALEOZOIC SPECIES OF BAIRDIA AND RELATED GENERA 81

Geologic range. Devonian. 

LitKology. Limestone. 

Habitat. Marine.

ASSIGNED SPECIES

Samarella crassa Polenova, 1952

tiamareUa crassa Polenova, 1952, Vsesoyuz, Neft. Nauch.-Issled. 

Geol.-Razv. Inst. Trudy (VNIGRI), new ser., v. 60, pt. 5, p. 

-137, pi. 15, figs, la-c, 2. Givetian, Central Devonian field, 

Russia.

Geologic range. Middle Devonian.

Samarella? regularis (Prybil), 1955

Reversacypris regularis Prybil, 1955, Czechoslovakia tJstf. list, 

geol., Sbornik, v. 21, 1954, Paleont., p. 190 (30), 241 (81), 

285 (125), pi. 4, figs. 8-14. Reporyje limestone. Middle 

part of old quarry on the left bank of Daleje stream, 

Klukovice near Prague, Czechoslovakia.

IReversocypris klukovicensis Prybil, 1955, idem, p. 191 (31), 

242 (82), 286 (126), pi. 2, figs. 7, 8; pi. 5, figs. 6, 9-18. 

Same locality as above.

The two species from the same collection are probably growth stages of the same species. 

Geologic range. Lower Devonian.

Family POSITION UNCERTAIN

Genus SPINOBAIRDIA Morris and Hill, 1952 

Spinobairdia Morris and Hill, 1952, Bull. Am. Paleontology, 

v. 34, no. 142, p. 137 (11). Silurian, Tennessee.

Type species. Original designation S. kellettae 

Morris and Hill, idem, p. 138 (12), pi. 1, figs. 2a-c. 

Newsom shale. Newsom, Tenn.

Diagnosis. Differs from Bairdia s. s. by the presence 

of a subcentrolateral spine.

Discussion. Morris and Hill established this genus 

for two species: the type species and S. shideleri. 

The holotypes of both species are in the U.S. National 

Museum (USNM 123226, 123227) and additional paratypes of S. sMdeleri are at the American Museum of 

Natural History and the Paleontological Eesearch Institute. The comment by Morris and Hill (1952, p. 

138 (12)) : "The shape of the carapace is more like 

a typical Carboniferous Bairdia than are most early 

Paleozoic species assigned to that genus: indeed, if 

it were not for their possession of a large spine of 

each valve, neither of the two known species of 

Spinobairdia would look out of place in a Carboniferous fauna." is correct. However, as both species are 

based on steinkerns, it is not possible to determine 

the true characters of this genus.

Geologic range. Middle Silurian.

Lithology. Shale.

Habitat. Marine.

ASSIGNED SPECIES

Spinobairdia kellettae Morris and Hill, 1952 

Plate 6, figures 18, 19

Spinobairdia kellettae Morris and Hill, 1952, Bull. Am. Paleontology, v. 34, no. 142, p. 138 (12), pi. 1, figs. 2a-c. 

Newsom shale, small abandoned quarry in the side of 

a hill overlooking Newsom from the north-northwest, 

Davidson County, Tenn. The hill is just west of the 

road entering the town from the north and just south 

of the railroad tracks, in the southwest quadrant of 

their intersection.

Geologic range. Middle Silurian.

Spinobairdia shideleri Morris and Hill, 1952 

Spinobairdia shideleri Morris and Hill, 1952, Bull. Am. Paleontology, v. 34, no. 142, p. 138 (12), pi. 1, figs. 3a, b. Same 

collection and locality as above.

Geologic range. Middle Silurian.

Genus BEKENA Gibson, 1955

Bekena Gibson, 1955, Bull. Am. Paleontology, v. 35, no. 154,

p. 348 (18). Upper Devonian, Iowa. 

Bairdia McCoy. Morey, 1935 [part], Jour. Paleontology, v. 9,

p. 323. Reworked Devonian(?), Missouri. 

Wairdia McCoy. Polenova, 1952 [part], Microfauna SSSR,

pt. 5, p. 127. Devonian, Russia. 

Bairdiocypris Kegel, 1931 [part], Preuss Geol. Landesanstalt,

Jahrb., v. 52, p. 246. Devonian, Germany. 

Pokorny, 1950 [part], Czechoslovakia Sta. geol. list. Sbornik, v. 17, Paleont., p. 553 (41), 614 (102). Devonian,

Czechoslovakia. 

Polenova, 1952, Microfauna SSSR, pt. 5, p. 135. Devonian,

Russia. 

Silenites Coryell and Booth. Kummerow, 1953 [part], Staat.

Geol. Komm. Deutsch. Demokrat. Republik, Geologie

Jahrg. 2, Beih. 7, p. 54. Devonian, Poland.

Type species. Original designation B. diaphrovalvis 

Gibson, 1955, Bull. Am. Paleontology, v. 35, no. 154, 

p. 349 (19), pi. 1, figs. 9a-d. Upper Devonian, Iowa.

Diagnosis. Carapace skinny in dorsal outline; flattened areas, especially on the right valve, near end 

margins.

Discussion. Th& holotype (USNM 123093) is 

slightly crushed, but the generic characters are exhibited by the specimen (pi. 6, fig. 32). Gibson's 

statement (1955, p. 349 (19)) ("Bairdiocypris moravica Kegel (1927) resembles closely the new species 

Bekena diaphrovalvis in possessing the anterior and 

posterior marginal depressions of the right valve and 

in general outline of the carapace") presumably refers 

to Pokorny's illustration (1950, pi. 2, figs. 7a-d, text 

figs. 12a, b.) of Bairdiocypris moravica (Kegel), 

1928, and not to Bytliocypris eifliensis moravica Kegel, 

1928. The specimens illustrated by Pokorny belong 

to Bekena and differ significantly from the holotype 

of Bairdiocypris as illustrated by Kegel (1928, pi. 33, 

figs. la-d). Pokorny very generously sent two of his
82 REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OSTRACODE GENERA

identified specimens to the U.S. National Museum; 

1 of the 2 (USNM 133217) is almost identical in 

outline with the specimen that he illustrated by drawings (see pi. 6, fig. 22), but a part of the shell is 

missing along the dorsoposterior margin; the second 

specimen (USNM 133218) has the shell material 

along that margin and consequently has more symmetrical end margins and is here designated as Bekena, 

sp. A (see pi. 6, figs. 23, 24).

Geologic range. Middle and Upper Devonian, Lower 

Mississippian (?).

Lithology. Limestone, sandstone (?).

Habitat. Marine.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF BEKENA

1. Dorsoposterior margin from one-third to one-half of 

greatest length..___________________________ 2

la. Dorsoposterior margin as much as one-quarter of 

greatest length_____________________________ 6

2 (1). End margins approximately of the same size____ 3 

2a. End margins not of the same size_._____________ 5

3 (2). In lateral view, dorsal overhang is symmetrical, tapers 

towards ends_____________________ robusta (p. 82)

3a. In lateral view dorsal overhang not symmetrical, 

wider in posterior half.______________________ 4

4 (3a). In lateral view, posterior end higher____ sp. A (p. 83)

4a. In lateral view both ends approximately the same

height-_________________________ rhenana (p. 82)

5 (2a). Greatest height at or in front of midlength

diaphrovalvis (p. 82) 

5a. Greatest height behind midlength______ vastus (p. 82)

6 (la). In lateral view, height of anterior margin less than that 

of posterior margin-.-_____________ prantli (p. 82)

6a. In lateral view, height of anterior margin greater than 

that of posterior margin_____________________ 7

7 (6a). Junction of dorsal and dorsoanterior commissure 

smooth.__________________________ pecki (p. 82)

7a. Junction of dorsal and dorsoanterior commissure 

angular,._______________________ plicatula (p. 82)

ASSIGNED SPECIES

Bekena diaphrovalvis Gibson, 1955 

Plate 6, figures 25-27, 32

Bekena diaphrovalvis Gibson, 1955, Bull. Am. Paleontology, v. 

35, no. 154, p. 349 (19), pi. 1, figs. 9a-d. Calcareous 

clay of Cerro Gordo formation, pit operated by the 

Rockford Brick and Tile Co., Rockford, Iowa.

Geologic range. Upper Devonian.

Bekena pecki (Morey) ,1935 

Plate 6, figures 30, 31

Bairdia pecki Morey, 1935, Jour. Paleontology, v. 9, p. 323, pi. 

28, fig. 20. Recorded from Bushberg formation (probably reworked Devonian, see Sohn, 1951, p. 34), friable quartz sandstone a few inches to 2 or 3 ft thick, 

outcrop about 20 ft long, in the bottom of a side valley of Clark's Branch, a tributary of Whetstone Creek, 

sec. 9, T. 48 N., R. 7 W., about 3 miles north of Williamsburg, Callaway County; and exposures along tracks

of the Missouri, Kansas, and Texas Railroad bordering 

the Missouri River, near Easly Station, Boone County, 

Mo.

Only one specimen at the University of Missouri, 

Columbia, Mo., (colln. Os 1005-2) labeled "Syntypes" 

is apparently available. This specimen is here designated as the lectotype, the slide is labeled "Sylamore 

s. s. Williamsburg, Mo."

Geologic range. Probably reworked Devonian in 

Lower Mississippian rocks.

Bekena? plicatula (Polenova), 1952

Bairdia, plicatula, Polenova, 1952, Micropaleontology SSSR, v.

5, p. 127, pi. 13, figs. 1, 2. Middle Devonian, Russia. 

Geologic range. Middle Devonian.

Bekena? prantli (Pokorny) 1950

Bairdiocypris prantli Pokorny, 1950, Czechoslovakia Stat. geol. 

ust. Sbornik, v. 17, Paleont., p. 558 (46), 619 (107), 

pi. 3, figs. 3, 4. Givetian, red marly coral limestone, 

abandoned Ruzicka Quarry, Celechovice, Czechoslovakia.

Although the dorsal outline of Pokorny's illustration 

(fig. 3b) does not show the diagnostic flattening of 

the end margins of the right valve, the lateral view 

of the same specimen (fig. 3a), and the lateral view of 

a paratype (fig. 4a) suggest such a flattening. The 

end view (fig. 4b) suggests Bairdiocypris rather than 

Bekena.

Geologic range. Middle Devonian.

Bekena? rhenana (Kegel), 1932

Bytliocypris (Bairdiocypris} rlienana Kegel, 1932, Preuss. 

Geol. Landesanstalt, Jahrb. 1931, v. 52, p. 248, pi. 13, 

figs. 4a-e. Lower Stringocephalus beds, Dingdorf, Eifel, 

Germany.

Kegel's (1932) figure 4e shows the diagnostic furrow 

near the ventroposterior part of the valve; however, 

as pointed out by Pokorny (1950, p. 616 (104)) this 

feature is not of diagnostic value.

Geologic range. Middle Devonian.

Bekena? robusta (Kummerow), 1953

Silenites robustus Kummerow, 1953, Staat. Geol. Komm. 

Deutsch. Demokrat. Republik, Geologie, Jahrg. 2, Beih. 

7, p. 54, pi. 7, figs. 5a, b. Middle Devonian, Kamieniarnia near Pelcza, Wolhynia, Poland. 

Geologic range. Middle Devonian.

Bekena? vastus (Polenova), 1952

Bairdiocypris vastus Polenova, 1952, Microfauna SSSR, pt. 5, 

p. 135, pi. 14, figs. 1, 2. Givetian, Central Devonian 

field, Voronez region, and Saratov region, Russia.

Geologi-c range. Middle Devonian.

Bekena? sp. Gibson, 1955

sp. Gibson, 1955, Bull. Am. Paleontology, v. 35, no. 

154, p. 20, pi. 1, fig. 13. Calcareous clay of Cerro Gordo 

formation, pit operated by the Rockford Brick and Tile 

Co., Rockford, Iowa.
PALEOZOIC SPECIES OF BAIRDIA AND RELATED GENERA 83

The figured specimen (USNM 123095) is a broken 

steinkern.

Geologic range. Upper Devonian.

Bekena sp. A 

Plate 6, figures 22-24

Bairdiocypris moravica (Kegel). Pokorny, 1950, Czechoslovakia Stat geol. ust., Sbornik, v. 17, Paleont, p. 553 

(41), 614 (102), pi. 2, figs. 7a-d, text figs. 12a, b. Givetian, red, marly coral limestone, abandoned Ruzicka 

quarry, Celechovice, Czechoslovakia.

[not] Bytllocpyris eifliensis var. moravica Kegel, 1928, Preuss. 

Geol. Landesanstalt, Jahrb. 1927, v. 28, p. 657, pi. 33, 

figs, la-d = undescribed genus. See discussion of the 

genus.

Geologic range. Middle Devonian.

Genus BAIRDIOCYPRIS Kegel, 1932

Bythocypris (Bairdiocypris) Kegel, 1932, Preuss. Geol. Landesanstalt, Jahrb. 1931, v. 52, p. 246. 

Pribyl and Snajdr, 1950, Czechoslovakia, Stat. geol. list.,

Sbornik, v. 17, Paleont, p. 119 (19), 161 (61). 

Bairdiocypris Kegel. Pokorny, 1950 [part], Czechoslovakia

Stat. geol. list. Sbornik, v. 17, Paleont., p. 553 (41), 614

(102). 

Krommelbein, 1952 [part], Senckenbergiana, v. 32, p. 319-

335. 

Pfibyl, 1953, Czechoslovakia, Stat. geol. list., Sbornik, v.

20, Paleont, p. 262 (30), 305 (73), 337 (105). 

[not] Bythocypris (Bairdiocypris) Kegel. Roth, 1933, Jour.

Paleontology, v. 7, p. 401.

Harper and Sutton, 1935, Jour. Paleontology, v. 9, p. 627. 

Loranger, 1951, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geol., v. 35, p. 2359.

Type species. Original designation Bythocypris 

(Bairdiocypris) gerolsteinensis Kegel, 1932, Preuss. 

Geol. Landesanstalt, Jahrb. 1931, v. 52, p. 249, pi. 13, 

fig. 5. Middle Devonian, Germany.

Diagnosis. Large robust smooth ostracodes; greatest width, however, less than greatest height; gently 

convex dorsal margin; straight, convex or sinuous 

ventral margin. Sides convex in dorsal outline; in 

end view the larger valve is angular near dorsum, so 

that it is almost subrectangular in outline.

Discussion. Krommelbein (1952, pi. 1, figs. 3a-d) 

illustrates for the first time with photographs the holotype of Bairdiocypris gerolsteinensis Kegel, 1932. The 

broken anterior part of his figure 3a and the muscle 

scar impression shown on his figure 3b suggest that 

the type is a steinkern, or at least a partly corroded 

specimen. Should this be true, it might belong to the 

B. iixlieim-ensis Kegel, 1932, group (Krommelbein, 

1952, pi. 1, figs, la-d; pi. 3, figs. 2a-c; pi. 4, figs. 1-3). 

B. iixlieinwnsis Kegel, 1932 and B. raiuffi Krommelbein, 

1952, have a dorsal shallow indentation that is parallel to the hingeline but that does not extend to the 

posterior of the valve. It is therefore possible that 

the generic diagnosis of Bairdiocypris should be

amended to include this feature. This might also be 

the reason for Krommelbein's referring species of 

Bairdiocypris to PacJiydomella Ulrich, 1891 (Krommelbein, 1955).

Dr. Krommelbein very generously sent me specimens 

of Bairdiocypris clava Kegel, 1932, a species he refers 

to Paclyydom&lla and which was referred to Microclieilinella Geis, 1933, by Kummerow (1953, p. 60) 

and by Boucek and Pribyl (1955, p. 602 (26), 631 (55), 

655 (79)). These specimens belong to Tubulibairdia, 

Swartz, 1936. They differ from Mwrocheilinella by 

having tubules and a more incised hingeline.

Koth (1933, p. 401) misidentified a Jurassic nonmarine species as Bairdiocypris morrisonensis Roth, 

1933; and as a result of this generic misidentification, 

several additional species from Mesozoic rocks have 

been assigned to Bairdiocypris. According to Swartz 

and Swain (1946, p. 366), Mrs. Nadeau (formerly 

Betty Kellett) is restudying the Morrison Ostracoda 

and expects to propose a new generic name for B. 

morrisonensis and its close relatives.

Geologic range. Silurian (?), Devonian.

Lithology. Shale, limestone.

Habitat. Marine.

ASSIGNED SPECIES

Bairdiocypris biesenbachi Krommelbein, 1952

Bairdiocypris Itiesenbaolii Krommelbein, 1952, Senckenbergiana, v. 32, p. 326, pi. 1, figs. 2a, d. Middle Devonian, 

Eifel, Germany.

IBairdiocypris biesenbachi Krommelbein. Pfibyl, 1953, Czechoslovakia, Stat. geol. list., Sbornik, v. 20, Paleont., p. 

263 (31), 305 (73), 338 (106), pi. 7, figs. 4-10. Middle 

Devonian, Poland.

Geologic range. Middle Devonian.

Bairdiocypris gerolsteinensis Kegel, 1932

Bythocpyris (Bairdiocypris) gerolsteinensis Kegel, 1932, Preuss. 

Geol. Landesanstalt, Jahrg. 1931, v. 52, p. 249, pi. 13, 

figs. 5a-d. Middle Devonian, Eifel, Germany.

Bairdiocypris gerolsteinensis Kegel. Krommelbein, 1952, Senckenbergiana, v. 32, p. 329, pi. 1, figs. 3a-d; pi. 3, figs. 3a-b. 

Same locality as above. See discussion under the genus.

Geologic range. Middle Devonian.

Bairdiocypris? rauffi Krommelbein, 1952

Bairdiocypris raufti Krommelbein, 1952, Senckenbergiana, v. 

32, p. 330, pi. 2, figs. la-d. Middle Devonian, Germany. 

See discussion under the genus.

Geologic range. Middle Devonian.

Bairdiocypris? transversus (Roth), 1929

Plate 6, figures 20, 21, 28, 29

Bythocypris transversa Roth, 1929, Jour. Paleontology, v. 3, p. 

365, pi. 37, figs. 24a-c. Haragan marl, NE. cor. sec. 20, 

T. 2 S., R. 3 E., Murray County, Okla.

Geologic range. Lower Devonian.
84 REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OSTRACODE GENERA

Bairdiocypris? iixheimensis Kegel, 1932

Bythocypris (Bairdiocypris) iixlicimenxis Kegel, 1932, Preuss. 

Geol. Landesanstalt, Jahrb. 1931, v. 52, p. 250, pi. 13, 

figs. 6a-f. Middle Devonian, Germany.

Bairdiocypris iixheimensis Krommelbein, 1952, Senckenbergiana, v. 32, p. 325, pi. 1, figs, la-d; pi. 3, figs. 2a-c. Middle Devonian, Germany. See discussion under the genus. 

Geologic range. Middle Devonian.

SPECIES REMOVED FROM BAIRDIOCYPRIS

albertensis Loranger, 1951 = Gen. indet.

celttfonnis Harper and Sutton, 1935 = Gen. undescribed.

clava Kegel, 1932 = Tubulibairdia clava (Kegel), 1932.

clava var. antecedents Kegel, 1932 = Tubulibairdia antecedens 

var. antecedents (Kegel), 1932.

clara subsp. tenuisculcata Pokorny, 1950 = Tubulibairdia? 

tenuisulcata (Pokorny), 1950.

eifliensis (Kegel). Krommelbein, 1952 = Gen. undescribed.

fecunda Pfibyl and Snajdr, 1950 = Tubulibaidia"! fecunda 

(Pfibyl and Snajdr), 1950.

moravica (Kegel). Pokorny, 1950 = Belcena sp. A.

morrisonensis Roth, 1933 = Gen. undescribed.

morrisonensis var. egualis Harper and Sutton, 1935 = Gen. undescribed.

pra)itli Pokorny, l9r)Q=Bekcnal prantli (Pokorny), 1950.

rlienana Kegel, 1932 = Brkenaf rlienana (Kegel), 1932.

trapezoidalis Roth, 1933 = Gen. undescribed.

vastus Polenova, 1952 = Bekenal vast us (Polenova), 1952.

SPECIES ASSIGNED TO GENEEA NOT DESCEIBED IN THIS

PAPEE

The large number of species of Paleozoic age that 

were originally referred to Bairdia contain several 

taxons that are here considered to belong to other 

genera. Some of these genera are not within the 

scope of this paper; the other genera were described 

or discussed here. The following species are here 

listed in the genera to which they are now referred.

Genus BASSLEEELLA Kellett, 1935

Basslerella Kellett, 1935, Jour. Paleontology, v. 9, p. 155. 

[not] Basslerella Howe, 1935 = Basslerites Howe, 1937, in

Coryell and Fields, [not Basslerites Teichert, 1937 =

Rayella Teichert, 1939]. 

[not] Basslerella Boucek, 1936 = Boucia Agnew, 1942.

Type species. Original designation E. crassa Kellett, 1935, Jour. Paleontology, v. 9, p. 156, pi. 17, figs, 

la-e. Permian, Kansas.

Basslerella? illinoiensis (Scott and Borger), 1941

Bairdia, illinoiensis Scott and Borger, 1941, Jour. Paleontology, 

v. 15, p. 367, pi. 49, figs. 10, 11, Macoupin cyclothem, 

along Embarass River, 1 mile east of Lawrenceville, 

Lawrence County, 111. 

Geologic range. Pennsylvanian.

Basslerella? quadrispinosa (Scott and Borger), 1941

Bairdia quadrispinosa Scott and Borger, 1941, Jour. Paleontology, v. 15, p. 357, pi. 50, figs. 12, 13. Macoupin cyclothem, along Embarrass River, 1 mile east of Lawrenceville, Lawrence County, 111. 

Geologic range. Pennsylvanian.

Genus CAMDENIDEA Swain, 1953 

Camdenidea Swain, 1953, Jour. Paleontology, v. 27, p. 279.

Type species. Original designation C. camdenensis 

Swain, 1953, Jour. Paleontology, v. 27, p. 280, pi. 39, figs. 

lOa-g. Devonian, Tennessee.

According to Swain (1953, p. 279) the muscle scar 

pattern of this genus consists of numerous small 

slightly elevated spots.

Camdenidea? planoconvexa (Coryell and Williamson), 1936 

Plate 6, figures 14-16

Bairdia planoconvexa Coryell and Williamson, 1936, Am. Museum Novitates, no. 870, p. 7, pi. fig. 13. Waldron shale, 

Indiana. 

Geologic range. Silurian.

Genus CAVELLINA Coryell, 1928

Carellina Coryell, 1928, Jour. Paleontology, v. 2, p. 89. 

[not] Cavellina (for Clavelina Savigny, 1816) Maitland, 1897, 

fide Howe, 1955, p. 30.

Type species. Original designation C. pulchella 

Coryell, 1928, Jour. Paleontology, v. 2, p. 90, pi. 11, 

fig. 5. Pennsylvanian, Oklahoma.

Cavellina? sp.

Bairdia elongata (Miinster). Jones, 1850, in King, Palaeontogr. 

Soc. London, p. 62, pi. 18, fig. 5. Magnesian limestone, 

dredged up near the Dogger Bank, England. 

Jones, 1859, in Kirkby, Tyneside Naturalists' Field Club 

Trans., v. 4, p. 159, pi. 11, fig. 2. Same specimen as 

above. 

Geologic range. Permian.

Genus HAWOETHINA Kellett, 1935

Haworthina Kellett, 1935, Jour. Paleontology, v. 9, p. 161.

Type species. Original designation Bairdia bulleta 

Harris and Lalicker, 1932, Am. Midland Naturalist, 

v. 13, p. 404, pi. 37, fig. 7. Permian, Texas.

Haworthina bulleta (Harris and Lalicker), 1932

Bairdia bulleta Harris and Lalicker, 1932, Am. Midland Naturalist, v. 13, p. 404, pi. 37, fig. 7. Lueders limestone, 

on north bank of Salt Fork of Brazos River, 2 miles 

southeast of Seymour, Baylor County, Tex. 

Geologic range. Permian.

Genus STEUSLOFFINA Teichert, 1937

Steusloffina Teichert, 1937, Fifth Thule Exped. Kept, v. 1, 

no. 5, p. 120.

Type species. Original designation S. ulricfii 

Teichert, 1937, idem, p. 120, pi. 24, figs. 2-5. Ordovician, Arctic Canada.

Steusloffina cuneata (Steusloff), 1894 

Plate 6, figure 17

Primitia cuneata Steusloff, 1894, Deutsch. Geol. Gesell. 

Zeitschr., v. 46, p. 782, pi. 58, fig. 5. Glacial drift, Germany.
PALEOZOIC SPECIES OF BAIRDIA AND RELATED GENERA 85

Bait-dial cuneata (Steusloff). Kurmnerow, 1924, Preuss. Geol. 

Landesanstalt, Jahrb. 1923, v. 44, p. 435, pi. 21, figs. 

ITa-c. Middle and upper Lower Silurian drift, Germany.

Geologic range. Ordovician.

SPECIES BELONGING TO UNDETERMINED GENEKA

In this group belong those species previously assigned to Bairdia that belong either to new genera or 

to described genera the identity of which cannot be 

determined on the basis of available data. The distinction between these names and those considered in 

this paper as nomina dubia is that the names in this 

category are based on apparently adequate specimens. 

Although the species are valid, it is not possible at 

this stage of the study to refer them to their proper 

genera.

Bairdia aequalis Eichwald. Jones and Kirkby, 1875

Bairdia aequalis Eichwald. Jones and Kirkby, 1875, Annals 

Mag. Nat. History, ser. 4, v. 15, p. 56, pi. 6, fig. 4. 

Permian, Russia.

EichwakTs species is neither conspecific nor congeneric with the one ilustrated by Jones and Kirkby.

Bairdia anticostiensis Jones, 1890

Bairdia anticostiensis Jones, 1890, Geol. Soc. London Quart. 

Jour., v. 46, p. 548, pi. 21, figs. 3a, b. Gray limestone, 

Anticosti group, English Head, Anticosti.

The illustrations are of a right valve, which was 

later referred to KrauseUa. (See Bassler and Kellett, 

1934, p. 369.) The shape of the posterior as shown 

in ventral profile (fig. 3b) raises doubt as to its 

belonging to Krausella. Silurian.

Cythere arcuata McCoy, 1844

Cythere arcuata McCoy, 1844, Synopsis characters Carboniferous Limestone fossils Ireland, p. 165, pi. 23, fig. 9. 

Shale, Ireland.

The illustrations are of an indeterminate genus. 

Bassler and Kellett (1934, p. 165) refer this species 

to Bairdia and also (p. 424) to Paraparchites arciMtus 

(McCoy). The lateral and dorsal outlines remove 

this species from both Bairdia and Paraparchites. 

Carboniferous.

Bairdia binodosa Polenova, 1952

Bairdia binodosa Polenova, 1952, Vsesoyuz. Neft. Nauch.- 

Isslecl. Geol.-Razv. Inst, Trudy, new ser., no. 60, pt. 5, 

p. 132, pi. 12, figs. 6, 7 a-c. Givetian, Russia

The holotype has two nodes near the dorsal margin 

of the larger valve. This species probably belongs 

to the same undescribed genus as the species described 

and illustrated by Krommelbein as Condracypri-s ? 

circumuallata (Kummerow), 1953. Middle Devonian.

Cythere cyclas Keyserling, 1854

Cythere cyclas Keyserling, 1854, in Schrenk, Reise Nordost. 

europaischen Russlands, pt. 2, p. 112, pi. 4, figs. 42, 43. 

Permian, Russia.

This species is referred to Bairdia by Eichwald, 

1860. The shape is reminiscent of a healdiid. Permian.

Bairdia elongata Kummerow, 1924

Bairdia elongata Kummerow, 1924, Preuss. Geol. Landesanstalt, 

Jahrb. 1923, v. 44, p. 435, pi. 21, fig. 16. Glacial drift, 

east Prussia.

The illustration is of a specimen that cannot be 

assigned to any genus known at the present time. The 

name is a junior homonym of B. elongata (Minister), 

1830 and B. elongata Lienenklaus, 1900. Silurian.

Bairdia jonesiana Kirkby, 1858

Bairdia jonesiana Kirkby, 1858, Annals Mag. Nat. Histoj^ 

ser. 3, v. 2, p. 432, pi. 11, figs. 1, 2, 2a. Tunstall Hill, 

Durham, England.

This species was later referred to Macrocypris. 

(See Bassler and Kellett, 1934, p. 405.) Macrocypris 

is based on a living species (Oythere minna Baird, 

1850) that has a completely different carapace from 

the Permian species. Permian.

Bairdia kolwensis Glebovskaya, 1939

Bairdia kolwensis Glebovskaya, 1939, Neft. Geol.-Razv. Inst., 

Trudy, ser. A, no. 115, p. 171, 175, pi. 2, figs. 14, 14a. 

Sclnuagerina horizon, Northern Urals, Russia.

The description and illustration are of a specimen 

with concave dorsal outline. None of the species in 

Bairdia and related genera has a concave dorsal outline; consequently, this species is based either on a 

damaged specimen or belongs to an hitherto undescribed genus. Permian.

Bairdia occidentalis Girty, 1909

Bairdia occidentalis Girty, 1909, U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 389, 

p. 116, pi. 8, figs. 6, 6a. Yeso formation, New Mexico.

Girty's type (USGS no. 1452) is a specimen with 

the right valve overlapping the left and is not referable to any genus discussed in this paper. Permian.

Bairdia ovata Eichwald, 1857

Bairdia ovata Eichwald, 1857, Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou Bull. 30, 

no. 4, p. 308. Eichwald, 1860, Lethaea Rossica, v. 1, 

p. 1345. Russia. Illustration not seen. Carboniferous.

Bairdia phillipsiana Jones and Holl, 1869

Bairdia phillipsiana Jones and Holl, 1869, Annals Mag. Nat. 

History, ser. 4, v. 3, p. 213, pi. 14, figs. 7a-c. Wenlock 

limestone, Croft's quarry, near West Malvern, England.

This species very likely belongs with the same group 

as Bairdiocyprls eifliemis (Kegel). Krommelbein, 

1952. Bassler and Kellett (1934, p. 230) list the 

synonymy of this species under Bythocypris. Silurian.
86 REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OSTRACODE GENERA

Bairdia pseudocestriensis Pribyl and Snaijdr, 1950

Bairdia pseudocestriensis Pfibyl and Snaijdr, 1950, Czechoslovakia Stat. geol. list. Sbornik, v. 17, Paleontol., p. 116 

(16), 157 (57), pi. 1, figs. 8, 9. Chotec limestone, quarry 

of the former enterprise "Prastav," Holyne, near Prague, 

Czechoslovakia Middle Devonian.

Bairdia pyrrhae Eichwald, 1860

Bairdia pyrrhae Eichwald, 1860 (?), Lethaea Rossica, v. 1, 

p. 1344, pi. 62, figs. 3, 3a. Permian, Russia.

Bassler and Kellett (1934, p. 347) refer this to 

Jonesina and credit it to (Eichwald), 1844, without 

citing page or illustrations, Eichwald (1860, p. 1344) 

gives "Geogn. de la Russie, p. 466" as a synonym. 

The illustration is a specimen that cannot be assigned 

to Jonesinu, with any degree of certainty. Permian.

Bairdia qualeni Eichwald, 1857

Bairdia qualeni Eichwald, 1857, Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou Bull. 

30, no. 4, p. 311. Carboniferous, dolomite at Sterlitamak, Orenbourg Province, Russia.

Eichwald, 1860, Lethaea Rossica, v. 1, p. 1339, pi. 52, figs. 

4a-c. Same locality as above. Carboniferous.

Bairdia salteriana Jones and Holl,1868

Bairdia salteriana Jones and Holl, 1868, Annals Mag. Nat. 

History, ser. 4, v. 2, p. 58, pi. 7, figs, lla, b. Kildare, 

Ireland.

These data are inadequate for generic assignment. 

Ordovician.

Bairdia scapha Eichwald, 1860

Bairdia scapha Eichwald, 1860, Lethaea Rossica, v. 1, p. 1343, 

pi. 52, figs. 15a, b. Permian, Russia.

These data are inadequate for generic assignment. 

Permian.

Bairdia siliquoides Jones and Kirkby, 1879

Bairdia siliquoides Jones and Kirkby, 1879, Geol. Soc. London 

Quart. Jour., v. 35, p. 576, pi. 31, figs. 9-14. Carboniferous limestone, Scotland.

Bassler and Kellett (1934, p. 437) refer this species 

to Pontocyprls. The original illustrations, particularly 

of the end view (Jones and Kirby, 1879, fig. 14), are 

not clear enough to determine whether or not, like 

some other Paleozoic species assigned to Pontocypris, 

this species belongs to Risliona- Sohn, n. gen. Carboniferous.

Bairdia subcylindrica (Minister). Kummerow, 1939

Bairdia subcylindrica (Miinster). Kummerow, 1939, Preuss. 

Geol. Landesanstalt Abb.., n. f., no. 194, p. 43, pi. 4, figs. 

14a, b. Lower Vise, Regnitzlosau, Germany.

These data are inadequate for generic assignment.

Mississippian.

Bairdia subroundata Harlton, 1929

Bairdia subroundata> Harlton, 1929, Am. Jour. Sci., ser. 5, v. 

18, no. 105, p. 268, pi. 2, fig. 14. Fayetteville shale, just 

below limestone, northeast of Country Club, 5 miles east

of Vinita, SW. cor. sec. 15, T. 25 N., R. 21 E., Craig 

County, Okla.

The holotype (USNM 79374) is a small specimen 

(published length 0.8 mm), with round end margins, 

the anterior of which is higher. This species does 

not fit any of the known genera; it is too thin in 

dorsal outline to fit Bairdiocypris and does not have 

the lateral ridge of Healdia. Upper Mississippian.

Bairdia tumida Kummerow, 1928

Bairdia tumida Kummerow, 1928, Preuss. Geol. Landesanstalt, 

Jahrb. 1927, v. 48, p. 42, pi. 2, figs. 18a, b. Glacial drift, 

Germany. .

These data are inadequate for proper generic assignment. Silurian.

Bairdia? volaformis Polenova, 1952

Bairdia "i volaformis Polenova, 1952, Vsesoyuz. Neft. Nauch.- 

Issled. Geol.-Razv. Inst, Trudy (VNIGRI), new ser., no. 

60, pt. 5, p. 134, pi. 13, fig. 4. Givetian, Russia.

These data are inadequate for proper generic assignment. Middle Devonian.

Bairdia wabashensis Scott and Barger, 1941

Bairdia, wabashetisis Scott and Borger, 1941, Jour. Paleontology, v. 15, p. 356, pi. 50, figs. 18, 19. Thin impure marine limestone in Macoupin cyclothem, 1 mile east of 

Lawrenceville, 111.

These data are inadequate for generic assignment. 

Pennsylvanian.

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 1929a, A revision of the ostracode genus Kirkbya and 

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1-55, pis. 1-3.

 1929b, A comparative faunal chart of the Mississippian 

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Samoilova, R. B., 1951, CaMoitJiosa, P. B., MaTepnajiu K

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[Materials for the study of Devonian microfauna from the

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HcntiTaTeJieit HpupOAH, TOM 1,

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PALEOZOIC SPECIES OF BAIRDIA AND RELATED GENERA 91

Schmid, E. E., 1867 [known also as Schmidt], Uber die kleineren

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 1944a, Muscle scar patterns on some upper Paleozoic

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1944b. Permian and Pennsylvanian fresh-water ostracodes: Jour. Paleontology, v. 18, p. 141-147, pis. 23, 24.

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 1951, Actual versus recorded stratigraphic range of some 

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 1953, Cardiniferella, n. gen., the type of a new family of 

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5 pis.

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5 text figs.

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INDEX

[Italic page numbers indicate descriptions]

A Page 

abbreviata, Bairdia.............._________-___........_____-- 43

abrupta, Bairdia beedei................----..._--..._ .___..._..... 23,42

acetalata, Bairdia-............................________________. 42,62,63

Fabalicypris--.. __________________________ 42,44,45,46,59,62,63 

Acknowledgments .__---_-----___-_..___-___..____.... 1-2

Actuaria ......................._-----__.. _------_...____ 57

diffusa........... .______. _--._____--------_______ 59

aculeala, Bairdia........................................................... 21,SS. 42

aculeata, Bairdia.................___-__..____-__......_..._- 22,36.42

acuminata, Bairdia.. ................ ................ ...____ 19, 21, 02, 33,47

Bairdiacypris.................._____._____-_..__.____. 58, 60, 63

Fabalicypns............................................__________ 61,60

acuta, Bairdia.................................................._______ 35,42

Cythere................................................................... 10,35

(Bairdia)............................................................. 10,35

Paracypris_________-__------_---..------_--_------_-----------_.-.__---_ 35

aequa, Bairdia................................................................ 42,66

aegualis, Bairdia........--.....-----.---.---.-.--.----.---.---..-----.--... 42,48, 85

Cryptobairdia ...................................................... 25,42,43,^8

affinis, Bairdia - .. . .. 10, 35,42

Alanetta dubia-............................................................... 41

albertensis, Bairdioci,pris.............---------------- -----___..___. 84

allerismotdes, Knightinn...................................................... 7, pi. 6

alia, Bairdia.................................................................. 35,42

Bairdia hispida. ................................................... 21,23,44,66

plebia-. ..................................................... 23,35,45,66

curvirostris Bairdia.-.................. __--__ ._.-_-___------ 25,42

altifrons, Bairdia ............................................................. 42,68

amaliae, Microcheilinella............-...---................................... 75

Tubulibairdia... ________________________________ 75

Americus limestone...-.................-_-..-.......---.....--....---- .-.. 50, 73

amplo, Bairdia- ............................ ______ ______ 28, 34, 35, 42, 55, 68

Cythere................................................................... 35,36

(Bairdia).......................................................... 34,35,52

amplectens, Bairdia........................................................ 19,29,42

amputata, Bairdia.. ................................................... 35,42,46,56

Cythere................................................................... 36,56

Amsden formation.. .__________..-._____-.-_______ 36,37,39

amsdenensis, Bylhocypris....-.--__ -... ... 74

amygdaliformis, Bairdia....................................................... 36, 42

amgdalina, Bairdia plebia.......................................-------------- 45,48

Cryptobairdia-...................................................... 24,39, 45, 48

angulata, Bairdia.. ....................................................... 39,42,55

angulatiformis, Bairdia-....-.................................................. 42, 55

angusta, Bairdia......................................-.-..................... 22,42

angustata, Bairdia.......................................................... 21,02,42

anomala, Bairdia- ............................................................ $6,42

antecedent antecedens, Pachydomella-.......................................... 75

antecedens, Tubulibairdia______________----___------_... 75, 84

Bairdiocyprisclava ....................................................... 84

Bythocypris (Bairdiocypris) clava_...._...._--.-......._.__...- 75

Pachydomella antecedens.................................................. 75

wolfarti, Pachydomella----................................-------... ._.. 75

Tubulibairdia-.---.-.................. .____-_-_-___................... 75

antecedens............................................................ 75, 84

Anticosti group_.._..._...._..._........._________.________-_-_- 85

anticostiensis, Bairdia-..................................................... 13,42, 85

Krausetta................................................................. 13

antiqua, Fabalicypris.-.......................-------____.....___-.___- 60

Aparchites- .........__._._...._......________----__.........----.--- 14

aperta, Bairdia................................................................ 00

arcuata, Bairdia......................................__......._----------- 42

Cythere.... .- . .-.- ........... ... ....- . . 85

gracilis, Bairdia..... _________...........__.__________________ 10,38,51

lunata, Bairdia- ___--_______-_---_______________----.________-------__--- 39

arcuatus, ParaparchiteS-----....... ____________...._..........._-... 85

ardmorensis, Bairdia.............._____._________...____.. 27,42,67,70

Bairdiolites- _._________-___.._________________--_-__-____.-- 27,42,68,69. 70, pi. 4

509584 O 60 5

ardua, Bairdiacypris....................................................... 57,

Arkansas.....................................................................

Washington County____________.........____..._.....

Armoricain Massif............................................................

Assigned species of Bairdia......... .._____............__.__..__..

Bairdiacypris.-...........................................................

Bairdiocypris.............................................................

Bairdiolites.-.-. ...................... ............. .................

Bekena. .................................................................

Ceratobairdia____...................._....___-__.__..............

Orthobairdia _ __--____--__-____-_____....._.-__-----_-_--_-...

Pustulobairdia,------..--.-.---.-----_.---..-.-----------.-----.-_--.

Pectobairdia........................................... _-_-__._____

Pishona.-..--...... ___-_.___-_--_-__-_.---______-_--____.--___-_-

Samarella.-.. ........._.__--_-_____________________-__-__-_-_-

Silenites................................-____---_________--_--___-_-

Spinobairdia.-...................................... ..............

Tubulibairdia..----..-----.------..-... ___________________________

asymmetrica, Bairdia---..... _--_.__-_--____--____----____-____--_-___--_

Silenites_ ...........................................................

attenuata, Bairdia--...................___..._______.._-_-..- 10,26,34

auricula, Bairdia -........................................... ........... 23,

Australia. -.___.-_______-_____-______--___--._-__-.________--____----_ 35,

B

Bairdia.-...-... .____-_..___________-_____...__________.__---___-_......

abbreviata-....--......-..-..-.---.....-..........--.--.---...-.......--...

acetalata . ............................................................ 42,

aculeala--... .____,_-_________.___-__-__-._____.......... ........ 21,

aculeata.......................................-..-..--.-..-.....-. ..- 22,

acuminata. .............................._.........--...-----.. 19,21,00,

acuta..................................................................--.

aeqiM...---....-...... .............................---.------..----.....

aeqvalis...--.----......-.-...-.--....-.-...-.--..-------.-------.-.---- 42,

affinis.-------------------.-------.---------------------------- -----. 10,

atta.. - ... . . . .. -- - ---

curvirostris...........-...................-....... .. ..... . .....

altifrons. ....---.............-.... .-...-.-- ----.--.--..-----------.-

ampla...... ______.....___...___.__________ 28,34,35,42,

amplectens.....--..-.-.-.-..-..--..-.-.-...-..-..--.........----------- -19,

amputata....--.---..-.---.----.-..-.---.-.----... __-_.-_.--_---_- 35,42,

amygdaliformis_---------_--------------------.--.---.---_---------------

angulata.....--..-----------------------.-------------.--..--------- 10,39,

Page

,58,60

66 

26,66

41

22-33 

58-60 

83-84 

70-71 

82-83

69

48-52 

62-64 

65-69

69 

54-57

79-80

80-81 

73-74 

81

75-76 

19,00 

72,73 

, 35,42 

42,66 

39, 74

anomalaanticostiensis ... .......-....-........-....--.-...-....-.--..--....-...-. 13,

aperta. ................... ....................... .........................

arcuata....-.....-.-..-...-.-....-......-... - -...-.....-.....---.-.-.--.

gracilis .... -......--......... .--......-...-.--.... .-...-... .-. 10,

lunata. ........................ ... ......... ......... ............ ....

ardmorensis ----- ................................................. 27, 42, 67,

asymmetrica- -------------------------------------------------------------

attenuata ....... __-_.-____---.____ __ .... __ ......... __ ...... 10,26,34,

auricula-.-.------.-----.-----.-.-- ........................ .......... 23,

bartholomewensis..... ................................. ....................

 - . -- 10,21,03,27,28,33,42,43,45,46,47,51,66, 

a&rupto. --------------------------------------------------------------

inflata. ------------------------------------------------------------ 21,

berniciensis . .--............ ............... ........................... 42,

bicornis.--- -- ------------ ... ____._. _ - __ .... ____ . . _ 21,33,

bidorsalis _ ----.--.--.------_.--.----.-----.---.---------.-----------..--

bttobata. -----------------------------.-.-----------.-----------------.----

93

11,J0 

43

62,63 

00,42 

36,42 

33,47 

35,42 

42,66 

48, 85 

35, 42 

35,42 

25,42 

42,68 

55,68 

29,42 

46,56 

36,42 

42,55 

42,55 

22,42 

00,42 

36,42 

42, 85 

00 

42

38,51 

39

69,70 

19,00 

35,42 

42,66 

36,42 

42,58 

pi. 1 

23,42 

28,42 

49,52 

36,42 

42,54 

42,49 

42,73
94 REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OSTROCODE GENERA

Bairdia Continued

binodosa ............................................................... 42, 85

blakei.. ------------.. -._---------.-. . --- - 24,34,42,49,51

bosquetiana -______________________________-.-______-_______---______---_-- 13

bradfieldi... ............................................................ 21. 23, 43

brevicaii da ..... . ________ ________ ___________ --_____________---______--_ 36, 42, 43

brevis.. ....................................................... 10, 21, #4, 36, 43, 69

jonesi. _____ _________________________________________________________ 24, 43

browniana. ............................................................ 13, 35, 43

bulleta... .............................................................. 13,43,84

calceolae.. ................................................................ 43, 54

cowtoa. ------------------------------------------------------ 19,24,39,40,45,48

cesfr imsis __--___-______.-_______----____.--_ .___--__-____--______ _ Sfi, 43, 65

#7 anulosa .......................................................... 43, 66

changyangen sis. ---------------------------------------------------------- 42

cAasae _ _________________________________________________________________ 43, 68

mcoe«sz's_______. _____________ _____________________________________ 21, 23, 33, 43

citriformis. ________________________________________________________ 21, 24, 42, 43

c/ore« szs_ ----_--_---_-___--- ____---- __- ---___----_____ _ ____--___ 43, 66

21, 33, 43

.- ---------_-. ---_------- ------ -----------------_-.--_-- 42

cooperi................................................................... 43,66

coryelli.................................................................. 43,49

crassa ............................................. 10,19, 24, 36, 43, 46, 49, pi. 1

crassimargin ate.---..-.--------------------------------------------------- 43, 67

CMftrata-------------------.------------------------------------------- 43,54,59

cultrijugati............................................................. 43, 54

CMneate----------------------------.----- ---------------------------- 13,43,85

curta................................................. 12,19,25,33,35,43,48

&!corn is. -----------_--_- -----------.------- .- ------__----_ - 42, 43, 54

deformis............................................................. 43, 54

hebeatus............... ____,-_______ ____--_____- ____ _____________ 27,43

.erefrra..------------------------------------------------------------- 32,43

curtus....--................_-............-......._-...................... 25,43

-----_---- -----_-------------------------- -----_----------_- 43,85

delairai en sis.............................................................. 36, 43

delicata............................................................. 34,37,43

«{e.ot-------------------.___---------..----..---------_-.-.----- 19,22,27,39,43

demissa................................................................... 43, 50

.__------.------_-----.-------_---------_-----------__-- 21, 23, 43

....................................................... 43, 64, 79

riistressa........................................ ........................ 43, 54

dornickhillensis.................................................... 43, 67, pi. 3

dor sails..........................................................

drupacea _-----------------------------_---__________________________ 37

egorovi.--------..__________________.______________________ 10i 21

eleziana..-----------------------------------------------------------------

elongata .............................................. 10,13,25,37,43,60,

elongatella.--------------------------------------------------------- 10,22,

emaciata.. ______ _ _______________________________________________________

epicypAa------------------------------------------------------------------

excisa............................................................... 37.

forakerensis.._ 

fragosa........

frumtntum....

fulva..-.......

garrisonensis...----.---,..----.-.--_ _____________________________ 21,25,27,

(/ei7iit;iaiia- ______________________________________________________ 37, 43, 44

_/«S!___________________________________________________________________ 31,

-- _-- _ _ --- - - _ _- 19,21,25,44,

37,43 

, 43, 49 

25,46 

19,25 

25,43 

21,25 

84,85 

25,45 

43,54 

43,79 

43,73 

43,44 

43,68 

43.50 

43,50 

43,54 

37, 43 

13 

42

32,43 

37, 43 

62,68 

37,44 

46,79 

44,49 

pi. 1 

62,63 

44, 66

Bairdia Continued Page 

qraciUs.-...-..................................................... 10,32,38,44,51

gracillima................................................................. 38,44

graciosa................................................................ 22,25,45

grahamensis..................................... 10,19,22,25,39,43,44, 45, 69, pi. 1

grandis.__- ........................................................ 27, 40,41,44

ffranireficulata...................... ................................... 34,44,66

ffrayi-- ----------------- -__------_------------_--------------- -_----- 44, 74

griffithiana -.. ................................................... 13,38,39,44

guadahtpiana.. ____ _____________-________________________________________ 44, 68

harltoni ...................................................... 19,27,40,42, 44,45

harrisiana....._.._........._._........._..................._.............. 13

hassi................................................... 22,25,27,33,42,43, pi. 1

haworthi. ........................................................... 44,50,64

Msingeri. ....................................................... 38,44,54,

contracta.................................................. 10,34,36,43,

monyoliensis ._.._._........._..._....._...._.____.__.._.__...........

hisingeriformis......_......_...._._...__._.._.....__.._.._____......... 44,

hispida........................................................ 21,23 27,44

alta............................................................. 21,23,

inonensis....

ivanovae......

jonesiana....

kansasensis.. 

kanwakensis. 

kelleri........

kettettae----- ----.----. ---___-_ ._._ --- 22,

kelletti.- .. .-. .--._..-.....-....-..- .- ..-... -

key_-------------..----------_.___----------___-_____-.--------.--------

kin derhookensis_ _-_________________._______________________-_-._----__--

kingi_............................................................

kinngian

korzenewskajae. 

laevigata.......

nigrescens.. 

Jancelata.......

l an ulata.------

.. 10

legumen..............................................................

Jeguminoides.............................................. 19,29,42,46,54,

lentkulata................................................................

lepidocentri...............................................................

leptura.............................................................. 22,29,

macdonelli...-.......-..........................._........................

magnacurta...........-.......-._......-......................-........ 34.

mandelstami........-.-..-................._..............-.-.-.----.. 22,

marginata... .............................................. 10,19,22,27,

marmorea........................................................... 21,

matfielden sis............ ........................................

mareyi...................... _--_-_-______________________--_-__

micro,--.-... 

monstrabilis.

moorei................................................................. 10,

mossolovellaeformis. -------------------------------------------------------

mucronata.---------------- ----------.----------------.-------- 23, 89, 45,

mui __________________________________________________________________

murchisoniana---------------- ......................................... 13,

55,56 

44,49 

44,55 

53,55 

,pl. 1 

, 44, 66

44.49

44.50 

,50, 51 

, 63,68

42

27,42 

,28,46 

38,44 

44,84 

, 42,44 

44,66 

30, 44 

21,28 

44,85 

21,28 

44,50 

21,28 

£8,52 

44,52 

19-22 

21,29 

38,44

44

44,52 

49,66 

44,85 

44,55 

44,79

79

37,44 

39,44 

44,55 

pi. 1 

39,44 

44,55 

40,45 

37,43 

39,44 

39,44 

44,45 

22,29 

45, 49 

£9,54 

39, 45 

23,45 

31,45 

45,50 

pi. 1 

27,45 

45,49 

13, 45 

21 £9 

23, 45 

45,55 

48,49

42 

39,45
INDEX 95

Bairdia Continued

nalivkini.. -- --_-_ ____________________________________ ______ _ ____

WOSMfa __ _. __.--._____ ___ __ .___

naumovae..-. ----.---_______________.______________________________._.....

neglecta gibbosa... -_......._._.____________________ _ ___ __......

neptuni - -.-........................................................ 22

nebraskensis ....--_- . _ ______________________________________

nevensis.__---- ____________________________________________________________

nikomlensis. ..............................................................

ni.z<.a _ ________ _ ______________________________________________ 33,39,

notoconstricta _ ___ _ _ _ _____________________________________ _ ___________

Page 

22,59 

39,45 

21,59 

49

29 45 

45,62 

45,68 

22,30 

45,49 

39,45 

»_/«!---- - _ 39,45

occuienteK* _ __ .... 45, 85

oklahomaensis....... ________________________________________________.... 45,66

oaoriot---- _ _ - 27,39,43,45,52

ovata................................................................... 10,45,85

paffrathensis_ _ ____________________________________________ _____ 45, 59

pecki...................................................................... 45,82

pecosensis ............................................. 22, SO, 32, 40, 44, 45, pi. 1

ffraci'osa _ 26,30,45

pennata................................................................ 39,42,45

peracMta- ____ __ _ _ 19,30

perforata__ ---- ---___________________________________________ ________ 13

perincerta. _________ __._.___________________________________________ 45.67

permagna......................................................... 21,30, 46, pi. 2

permiana......................................................... 22, 30, 45, pi. 1

perplexa__________________________________________________________________ 45,63

petiniana................................................................. 22,SO

phillipsiana...----................______..-_____._..................... 13, 45, 85

pinnnula. ... _ ____________________________________________________ 45,50

"Discis __________ _ 22 .0

planoconvexa... _ _________________________________________ _ _ _ _____ 13, 45, 84

plebia . ................................... 27, 28,30, 34, 37,40, 45, pi. 1

alia..-.......................................................... 23,35,45,66

amygdalina........................................................... 45,48

brevicauda..___ __________________________________________________ _ ___ 45

cawdata __________ 22,24,29,40,45

compressa__-- ________._-__ _._ ________________ _ 10,43,46,49,66

elongata-... --.----__-_--_-_------_-_--_____________________________ 10, 25, 45

grandis. ___________________________________________________________ 27, 40, 45

munda.__--.........................................................._ 40,45

neptuni.. _ ___________________________________________________________ 29, 45

reussianna............................... __________________________ 31,45

rhombica..____________________________________________________________ 40, 45

ventricosa...-_.._.........................._..... _____________________ 45,51

plicatula........... _____-__________________.. ..._._._._._._._._______ 45,82

pofeno-iae ___---- ____ - _ -.__ 40,45

polygonata... ..... .............................._....._............... 40,45

pompi..o.<.es.- - ----_-- --_-----_---_--_____ 19,21,22,30,33,37,44,45,46,47

pottsvittensis.----.--..............______._._._..._....._..........._______ 45

powersi......................................._....._.._......_.._.._..... 45,67

praecisa-__....--_---.-__....____-_______-___._............... ___..______ 45,50

protracta............................................................... 13,45,80

pruniseminata.-----------------_----_-----_-.-_-_--...................... 45,69

pseudocestriensis.............................._.._..._.._.._....._..___._. 45, 86

pseudoglertnensia..____...____........ .....___._..___.__ 22,31,33, pi. 3

pseiidomagna....-.... .___.__.-_________________.____ 40,45

punctata__________________.________.__.___.___ 21,33,45

punctatella............................................_...___.___________.

pyrrhae...................................._______..................... 41,

quadraspinosa...................................................__........

qualeni...................................................._..............

quartziana..................................______________..... ...__....

quasisymmetrica.----..________________________............... ________

radlerae.................._________________.... ___..__..___________

rec-a.- ___ _ __ _-__ _-. ___ 

regularis..................._._...........__.._.________._.____

renaultensis-____.._____________._._.......____. 22,

reniformis..........____ ..._________.__.....___...__...__._

reussiana....___________._______..._ 21,29, 31, 32,45, 46,

ischimbajevensis... __...__....__._______...__...._._

rhomboidalis.---............................._..._..______ 21,30,3,

rhomboidea. ............................ _________________ 10, 41,

rjabinini...__________..___......... ______________...._.___

rockfordensis--. ________________..____._______.

rogatzi....................................................................

rostrata................................_..................................

roundyi................._--_______.________-_ ...._......_..__.._ _.._

.alemensis....... _____..__..._..__________________. 21,

13

45, 86 

45,84 

45,86 

45,59 

19.31 

19, 31 

45,50 

21,31 

29,45 

45,68 

55, 57 

41,46 

t, pi. 1 

, 46, 51 

21,32

46,62

41,46

38,44

30, 46

Bairdia Continned

saUeriana. . - . - 13,46,86

aamplei 21,23,46

sanfraga......................................-...-......._............... 46,55

scapha.................______................_............................ 46, 86

schaurothiana. ______________________________________________________ 38, 46, 55, 56

schoni-. 46,50,68

seideradensis........ .................................................... 19,35

aeligi. 21,23,46

sem!.Hnu7a.a_---------------------_ 41,46

seminalis.- _-__ 23,46,51,66,67

shideleri- 46,63,64

siliqua minor.............._--.____--_....-.-.---.---.--..--.....-.......... 13

siliqnoides.. 46,86

sinensis.....................____._._____--_-____-__._._______._.__________ 42

singularis......----------____ 46, 51

sinuoaa....... 10,46,55,66

sohni.. 19,25,32,43

spinosa--------..----. --------------------------------------------- 10, 46, 56, 69

s.jc.ica 46,68

subaequolis.--_,-----.--.......-.... - - 46, 63

aubampla 21,26,46

subcitriformis.--.------. __-------- . - 21,31,46

subconvexa-------__ _ __ ----_- 46, 50

aulKylindnca 10,21,32,46,86

subelongala ___ -__ 41,46,52,56,59,60,62,64

major....___ _...... ... - - 46,59

----- 46,63

 - 40 

19, 31,35,46 

51,52 

34,46 

4M6 

41,46 

46 

42

46,86 

46,51

subdeltoidea -

subgracilis... ...... .. ... .... ... .... -.-- - -. - --- ...-. .. .... ... ... ---- 46

submucronata ... . ... ... . -- - - 19,35

subreniformis . 

subroundit.... 

subroundata.. 

aubtUa 28,

subtilla......... . ....... -- -.. - 21,28,46

*!(6!;fJa-.------------------------_------------------------------- 46,50,55

gi.m.7.0.. 19,32,46,50

aummacuminata .. 19,29,46

symmetrica.-..__ .._ 10,25,46,55

tontilla... 46,56

terebra.... ------------------------------------------ ------------- 21,35,43

terana... ________ -- 46, 68

tictiomirovi.---.......--.......-..- ....- - 46,56

tikhyi........ 46,56

tnkmovoensis..-..______ ___--- 22, S2 

trojana.-.......... __-.....---------- -- - - 46,60

tmncata... ___._---. _-. 35,46,56 

tuberculata .............-- - -- - 51

.i-mida-- - -- -------------- 10,14,19,24,46,86

M?»'ca..._.--------------------------------------------- ------------- 41-46

, . 01 #0 usotcnotfae... ________________-__________---------------------------------- *A , <>«

ventricosa..... 46,47,49,51

verwiebei 22,32,47

Mlosa....----- __---__-__-_-__-----------.---- ------ ----------------- 12

volaformis..-------............. - 47, 86

wabashensis..---..._ - _ --------------------- 47, 86

warthini.. ________--____------ - 47,64

whiteaiedi.. . - 8, 21, 23, 27, 31, S3,42,43,45,49, 54, pis. 1, 2

whortani. . ------_ - 47, 50, pi. 2

wordensis...___ . ------- 47,69

ivrefordensis----------.......-.-.... ..... - - 21,23.47

in yaJiQi. __-_-_______________---_--____-------------------------------------- **

12

42,43, 47 

, 33,42,43 

19, S3, 42, 43 

19, 33, 42,43

 19,35,43

 -. 19.33,43

 22,24,33 

32,34, 46 

34,40.45 

42, 44, 66 

34,37, 43 

19,34, 40, 42, 45 

21,34,36, 43, 49 

 ... 21,34

(Varicobairdia) kettneri ........ 

sp. A-... 19,33,

 - 19,

II . 21

I 21,30,

I...... -- - -- 21,34,35,

K 21

L_ 

M.-.- -- 

N 
96 REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OSTROCODE GENERA

Bairdia Continued

sp. O.--------_......................................_........... 22,54,45

sp. P..- ______................................................ 21,54,35,42

sp. Q_.---- . ... _ . . 21,22,3^,40,45

sp. R_...................................................... ........ 22,54,42

sp. S.................................................................. 21,55,44

sp. T_.__________________________................................... 22,55,44

sp. U -- - - -- ---- -- 22,55,42

sp. I... 

sp. 1-8. 

sp. 9...

 -. 42,47

 - -- ...... _. -__ 47

 31,47

sp.._... 24,36,42,43,47

(Bairdia) acuta, Cythere. .________ 10,35

ampla, Cythere- ________---______________-----___._ 34, 35, 52

brevicauda, Cythere--...-_ --_______----------____---------- 54

dorsalis, Cythere..._-____------------__.___---_.__...__... 37

frumentum, Cythere- _-_-__--._______.---___.._-.___.__.-- 37 

gracillima, Cythere - -----------.---------_-_--_------------_----_---------_ 38

klngi, Cythere- ____________________________.____.__ 38 

marginata, Cythere.-.... ____._______----____._-_____- 27,39

parmula, Cythere----- _____--______----___-_._____..._. 39

piscis, Cythere---,-.-. ____________________._________ 30 

plebia caudata, Cythere--- ....-__-___-.-- -------___-._------- 24

Cythere..- ____.____ ____________._ _____.. ____ 40 

grandis, Cythere...______-____-__-------___.__.__._ 40

rhombica, Cythere-----...__------__..__--_------__._..._--_- 40

plebeja, Cythere .______- . -----__._ ---_-_-______-- ._ 40

rhomboidea, Cythere-----... _.-______-----------__.--___._. 41,51

schaurothiana, Cythere_____...-__________._____________. 55,56

BairdiacypriS--------- __________----------____-------__-.__- 11,15,57,60

acuminata,-.-...--____-._-.________----------_.---___----- 58, 60,63

ardua.___________________________.__- -.....___ 57,58,60

- _- - _ 42, 57,58, pi. 2

curvis __-__-_________-- - . 43, 57,58, pi. 2

deloL.---------- -.-...-----------.-------.------.-.-----._- 57,58, 59, pis. 2,3

 57,59

elongata____ -_._____.------_--._____ -- _-___ - ___- 57,59

glennensis------ ______________-----_ 58,60

haydenbranchensis___-______--_.-_--___.----.--_----__ 57, 58,59

key.. . - . - 57,58

major.- ..__-__---------__-__---- -_---_..---------- 46,

nebraskensis------___ ___-------___ __-_____-........

paffrathensis------...__--_.__-_-------___.-..__------ 45,

punctata. - - - --- - . - -----____.------

ro&Mgfo.---------- --_ ------____-_------____.-,.-.-- 43, 54,

rotundata.-- ........__------___.__.. ..........___--------

shideleri-... _____..._.__-----------__....._______ 60,

subelongata. ......_____...__-___..................... 46,52,57,

trojana . ------------- __ -..._ _.... 46,57,

sp A---. - . 43,46,57,

sp. B---.

sp._ ..

Bairdianella44,

oblongata. _______.......... -------____..____-______....

Bairdiidae. --__ ....... . . . ...-.- ...-..._.......

Bairdiocypris--.--_____-__.._____.-.-__...__...... 11,15,81,

albertensis_.._____...___.___..._____.___._......

biesenbachi--- -----........----...-.........._..........._......._......_..

celtiformis. -------- -- ..___-_...._...__...._......

clava- ------------------------.-------_____.___--__-_.___ 75,

tenutsulcata.

gerolsteinensis.- _____ - _ ___ __ .... ___ . _ ....... __ _ ....... ...

moravica ... __ ................ __ _ - ___ _ ..... _ . _ ...... 81

morrisonensis---.- ___ . _ - __ .. _ __ ___ .... _ _ _ . _ .........

prantli .

transverus -. ..----- ---.------.......... ...... 85,

trapezoidalis- - -. - ...-_._-_______-_ __._._........_..

uxheimensis.-- ..._._.__-._______.--.-.-....__.____ 72,

vastut -----------_-...-----._........___....._.._..................._

(Bairdiocypris), ByIhocypris......___._______.___....__..._.

clava antecedent, Bythocypris---- ____________..___...__.....

Bythocypris___________.__________._______._.

fecunda, Bythocypris---- ___._.___._____________.__.....

57,59

60,64

58,59

60

57,59 

58,59 

60,63 

63,64 

59,64 

59,60 

59,60 

37

60,62 

12 

12 

62

12-72 

85,86

84

85

84

83,84

84

76,84

84,85

84

85

83, 84

83,84

84

82,84

83

84

pi. 6 

84

83,84

82,84

74,83

75

75

75

(Bairdiocypris), Bythocypris Continued

gerolsteinensis, Bythocypris--- - - 

rhenana, Bythocypris - 

Uxheimensis, Bythocypris---- _ _ .- - 

Bairdtolites------... - - 11,

ardmorensis_____-_______________________ 27,42,68,69,70, 

brevirostris------- - ------ -........

bulbosus---------.----------------------------.--.------...--- . 70,

crassMS-- ----- - --- --------- - -- ----

crescentis-.- - -- - ._...- .-_ 69, 

elongatus-- .... ------- - . .. .

emarginatMS...------------------------------------------------------------

fornicatus-----------------------------------------------------------------

fovealis-..._ ------- . -- ----------...

keyPage 

83 

82 

84

15, 69 

', Pi. 4 

70

71,72 

70,71 

70,71

70.71

70.72 

70,71 

70,71 

70 

ovatus- ------------------------------------------------------------ 70,71,72

platypleurus-. - - 70, 71, 72 

procerus.------------------- ... - -- ... -- 70,71

tenuis ----------------------------------------------------------------- 70,71

roiffans-.----------------------------------------------------------------- 70,71

sp. A....... .. 70,71,72

sp. B__ - 70,71,72

bartholomewensis, Bairdia----- ... ... - -- - ---------. - 56,42

Basslerella- ...--------- - ------- -. _.. 84

crassa..... .. ... -----. ------ ._._ -------- 84

illinoiensis.------------------- ... ------- . . --.-.... 44,84

quadraspinosa.------------------------------------------------------------ 45,84

bassleri, Bishona.--------------------------------------------------------- 1,79, pi. 8

Basslerites-..-- - .-.. ------ - ------.. 84

Bavaria.. . . .. 32,37,38,63,73

bedfordensis, Bairdia---------------------------------------------------------- 42, 58

Bairdiacypris---------------------------------------------------- 42, 57,58,pi. 2

Beecherella trapezoides . --------- .... ...... --------- 56

beedei abrupta, Bairdia-------------------------------------------------------- 23, 42

Bairdia - - -- 10, 21, 8S, 27, 28, 33,42, 43, 45, 46, 47, 51, 66, pi. 1

inflata, Bairdia...---------------------------------------------------- 21,28,42

Bekena.. 11,15,81

-_------------__.--_...-----------------.-.----------- 81,8*, pi. 6

key 82

pecki-------. .---------------. --- --- ----- - - - - 45,8*, pi. 6

plicatula.--- --- --- 45, 8«

prantli 82,84

rhenana--- .. ... - ... ... 82,84 

robusta - -- -- --- 74,82

vastus------------------------------------------------------------------ 82,84

sp. A 82, 85,84, pi. 6

sp. 82

Belgium- - - - - 59

berniciensia, Bairdia...------- - ... - ------- 42,49,52

Cryptobairdia------------------------------------------------------- 42,48,49,52

Cythere 49,52

Bethany Falls member, Swope formation.-.-__-------___.. - ------- 49,63

biacuta, Bairdia--___-_-________ __._____.. . - 56,42 

Bibliography. 2,86-91

bicornis, Bairdia... 21,33,42,54

Bairdia curta.---------------------------------------------------- 42,43,54

Btctobairdia - - ---- -- - 29, 43, 53, 54

bidorsalis, Bairdia -- --- -- - - 42, 49

biesenbachi, Bairdiocypris-- - ------- -_ 85

bilobata, Bairdia--------------------------------------------------- 42,73

Bythocypris.--- - -- - -- ---------- 73

Cythere. . 73

(Potamocypris)- ________... 37, 73

bilobatus, Silenites__.- -__ --- - - ----- ----- 42,75,74

binodosa, Bairdia__-- - ... - ... ------ 42, 85

Birdsong shale__... ------------------ ------- ---------- 75

blakei, Bairdia--------------------------------------_------------- 24,34,42,49,51

Block limestone-.-__-----________ .......... 50

 _-----........-----.--------- 54,80

Bonner Springsshale.. ...._._......... .. .-. 22,27,31,68

bosquetiana, Bairdia.-.----------- --_---- - - 13

Pontocypris___------__-_..._____------___- 22

Boucia . _.._--_..-..---------------------. 84

Bowen series....__------ .......... .- 74

bradfteldi, Bairdia---------------.... 21,25,43

Brairdia curtus---- __.____.____.--- --------- - 25

gracilis--------------_- __ _- -- 38

Brereton limestone---------------------------------------------------- 23,24,64,73

brevicaude, Bairdia.__..___.._____ 56,42,43

Bairdia plebia--....__________..____ 45

Cythere. ......... _._. .... ....... ................... ... . 35,36,42,54
INDEX 97

brevicaude Continued 

Cythere -Continued

plebia............................._______________.______ 54

(Bairdia)------.------.- -----_-__................................ 54

Rectobairdia................... _ ........................_________ 43,45,54

brevirostris, Bairdiolites........................................................ 70

brevis, Bairdia.................................................... 10, 21, #4,3£, 43, 69

jonesi, Bairdia--.......................................................... 24,43

browniana, Bairdia-..... ... _____ ________ ________ 13, 36,43

bulbosus, Bairdiolites....................................................... 70,71,72

buUeta, Bairdia............................................................ 13,43,84

Haworthina................................................................... 43, 84

Burlingame limestone..-___ .........................................____ 67

Bushberg formation. ......................................................... 82

Bythocypris-................................................................ 13, pi. 0

amsdenensis---.-.---.----.-------....--.-...----.--.-.--------------.---- 74

bilobata................................................................... 73

eifliensis moravica......................................................... 81, 83

faba---............. _._ - - - _ _ ._ ............ ....... . 73

gallowayi.........

haydenbranchensisll

lunata.........

marginifera.-... 

monoumbonataopima.........

punctulata......

reussiana.----..

rudolphi. ......

sasakwoensis....

shideleri,.-......

texana..........

transversa.......

viluensis........

(Bairdiocypris--.......................................................... 74

clava-...-.---.--......................................................

antecedens_..-...................................................._

fecunda...............................................................

gerolstemensis.........................................................

rhenona...............................................................

uxheimensis_________________________________ 84

C 

calceoclae, Bairdia-............................................................ 43, 54

Pectoboirdia-.-................ . . ..... ....__.._._. 43,53,54

Calciferous Sandstone Series-_________________________.__,_ 34,50

camdenesis, Camdenidea....................................................... 84

Camdenidea..-...-......--.................................................... 84

camdenensis.--............................................................ 84

planoconvexa--....................................................... 45, 84, pl.6

Canada--_____________________________-__________ 29,84 

Candona-......... ............... ..................................... 13,45,59

lobata......... ....... .. ................................... 8

Canyon group... - . _ ___.. 24, 26, 29,30,49, 50, 55, 60, 68, 74 

Carbonia lenticular is.-----...............___.________________ 73

Carboniferous Limestone Series, lower..___________________ 24,86

Carbonita intermedia.......................................................... 68

Casts, internal-.-___ __.__________________............. 7

caudata, Bairdia.-- 19,#4,39,40,45.48

Bairdia plebia- ............... ............................... 22,24,29,40,45

Cythere .. ..... ..................................... 24,33

(Bairdia) plebia-. _._ ______________.______ 24

Cauelhna ......................................................________ 37, 84

sp____________________________________________ 43,84 

celtiformis, Bairdiocypris .................................................... 84

Centralia limestone.-________________________________ 50, 58

Ceratobairdia---............ .__________________________ 11,13,15, 69

dorsospinosa.-........................................................._ 69, pi.3

wordensis............_.,_______________...________ 47, 69, pi.4

Cerro Gordo formation. _ _____________________ __ 28,37,39, 41, 56, 81 

cestriensis, Bairdia...... ___________..__________...____ 36,43,65

granulosa, Bairdia......................................................__ 43,66

Orothobairdia..-....................... 10, 26, 35,36,42,43,44, 45, 46, 51, 55, 65, pi. 3

changyangensis, Bairdia ...................................................... 42

chasae, Bairdia-................................................_...___________ 43, 68

Chester shales------__________.______..._______ 36, 65

China-. . . ............ . ___ 24,27,33,34,55,56,60,73

Chotec limestone____________________________________ 75

Chouteau formation.______.______________________ 26.34, 55,74

circumcisa, Bairdia-. -..-.......-.--..----...---------.-.....- -....----.-..----SB, 43

circumvoUata, Condracypris . ..... ...... . ... . ..... ... .... ... .... .. ... .. ..... .. 85

Cisco formation. ______ . ______ _ __ _ _. 27

ciscoensis, Bairdia-... -----..----------------------------..--.--------- 21, 23.33, 43

citnformis, Bairdia ----- ----------- .. ... .-.- 21, #4, 42,43

clara antecedens, Bairdiocypris.--.- ........ _ __-._ . . 84

antecedens, Bythocypris (Bairdiocypris).-.... ..... ... .. ....... ... .... ..... . 75

Bairdiocypris... ... ------------ ... _ _ _ . 75,83,84

Bythocypris (Bairdiocypris)----.-- ...... - - ._ 75

Microcheilinella---- .... ___- _ ___ - __- 75

PachydomeHa.- .... ._.___ - __ - .. ...... ... .... 75

temiisulcata, Bairdiocypris. ..... .... .... ._ .. 76, 84

Tubulibairdia ... ........ . ... ........ - ____-._ _ _.. 75

Clore formation. ........... ........ .. ..... . ..... . . ....... 66,70,71

clorensis, Bairdia..-.....-..-------..------ ----.-------- ----------------.-- 43,66

Collection localities- _ ..-. __ ............ ..... .. ....... ... ... ... ... ..... 11

Collinsville-limestone.-.. __ ... 23 

Colorado. .. ___ __ -__ -. . 47

Eagle County- .... _ . ....................... ..-. . . . 49

compacta, Bairdia-.. ... ... .. ... . ..... .. ...- ... ...... ..... .... . ... ... ...... ... . 43,49

Cryptobairdia. .... ...... . ...... ................ ... 34,43,45,48,45

compressa, Bairdia.. ... . ..... ... ........... .. ........ ... .. ... . .......... 10, 43,49, 66

Bairdia kingi---... ... ... . .... . ........ ....... ... ...... .... ... ......... .... 66

kingii ..................... .............. ...... ............. 44,49,66

plebia-.. . 10,43,45,49,66

Cryptobairdia........... ........ . ....... 44, 45, 48, 49, 66

concava, Bairdia. ........... . .. ------ 21,33,43

Condracypris circumvallata---.- ... ..... ........ .. ... .... ......... ........ .... . 85

conilata, Bairdia.. 21,23,43

contracta, Bairdia.-... ....... .......... ........ .. 34,36,43,49

Bairdiahisingeri-. . 10,34,36,43,44,49

contractella, Cryptobaird_ia__ .................. ... ..................... 10,34,44,48,45

convexa, Bairdia-.- ...... .... ... .... ... ..... ...... ... ... .. ... ... .. .. ....... .. 42

cooperi, Bairdia-......---...------.-----..---.-----.--.--...-----------.--.--- 43,66

corbuloides, Cythere..-. .... ___- ... -- 75

Tubulibairdia.. .... . .............. - 73

coryelli, Bairdia.........-.....-.--.--.-.--..----. ---. - 43,49

Cryptobairdia.--. 24, 39, 42, 43, 44, 45, 47, 48, 49, 51, pi. 2

Cotton-wood shale ___________ _ ................. ... ................ 23,24,55,68

crassa, Bairdia............ - ........ ------- --. - 10, 19, 14, 36, 43, 46, 49, pi. 1

Basslerella........ ........-.--.---..-.---.-----------..-------.-- .--.-.- 84

Samarella .......... . - --- . - 80,87

crassimarginata, Bairdia--.....----.--.- -..------.---..---.- -----.--.-.-.-- 43, 67

Orthobairdia..-. ... ... .... .... . - -__- 65

crassus, Bairdiolites -....-. ... ----- ... - --- ------- -- 70, 71

crescentis, Bairdiolites.----- .... ----- ..... ._. - 69,70, 71

Cribroconcha sp. ____ __ - - -- - pi. 6

Crineville member, Hoxbar formation . ............. 23

Cryptobairdia. H, 15, 4?

aequalis.---.--------.--------.---~ ------------- -- ----.- 25,42,43,48

amygdalina__-_ ....... ....... .. . ........ .. ...... ......- .... .... 24,39,45,48

berniciensis. ....... ......... . . - ...... ..... . 42,48,49,52

compacta..... . 34,43,45,48,49

compressa.--.. .... -------- ... - - 44,45,48,49,66

contractella.. --. - - --. 10,34,44,48,49

coryelU - ----- _ 24, 39, 42, 43, 44, 45, 47,48, 49, 51, pi. 2

drupacea 34,43,48,49

folgeri. ... ......... ..... ......... ... .......... ............ ... . 43,46,48,50,55

forakerensis. .................. ... ...... .... . ... .......... 43, 44, 46, 47, 48, 50, pi. 2

haworthi 44,48,50,64

hoSnwna& .. . 32,44,46,48,50, pi. 2

Aooperae. - . - - _- - - ------ -- 44,48,50

key _ __..,__ _ -_ _ 80

45,48,54 

46,48,50 

45,48,50 

50, pi. 2 

46, 48, 51 

46,48,57 

46,48,57 

46,48,57 

46,48,57 

46, 48, 57 

44,50,57 

48,49,50 

42,48,50 

44,48,50 

45,48,50 

48,50,59 

46,51,53

pinnula.. .............. ...... .... ..- - . ----. 45,

praecisa.. ....... ....... ...... .... .. ... . --.-.-. - ------ 

recta------------- --. ----------- - --- ---------- 45,48,

rhomboidea _ __ _ _-. - - - -

seminalis- ................. ... ... .-......-..-.. ..-..--..- -.--. 42,

singiilaris... .- - - .- . 37,

subgracilis---. ---- - 38,44,

subtila. ............ __ _--_--_ ----------------------------------- 28,

ventricosa. ................... ...... ........ ....-...-....--..-.--.--. 45,

sp. A... - --- ----- 35,

sp. B_---.---------- --------- - ---- - 35,38,42,

sp. C-_ - --- 

sp. D - __ _ - - - 

SP.E.. _ _-_ -__-__-.. ------ - 

sp. F_. .- _ -_ -. - - -- - - 46, 

sp__ - - - 28, 44,

509584 O 60 6
98 REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OSTROCODE GENERA

cultrata, Bairdia--- _______

Rectobairdia

cultrijugati, Bairdia- --------- _______________________

Rectobairdia ________ ________ _____ _ ._

cuneata, Bairdia ------- . ._

Steusloffina---------------------.---- _ ______

curta, Bairdia

bicornis, Bairdia

Cythere--.--- _._ __ _____ __ _________________ _

deformis, Bairdia- _______ _ ________

hebeatus, Bairdia ______ ___ _

terebra, Bairdia.

curtus, Bairdia -

Brairdia.

curvirostris, Bairdia--.--- _

curvis, Bairdia -

Bairdiacypris-- - ---- _ ___________ _________

Cyamocytheridea- ____________ _ _ _ _

cyclas, Bairdia, .-

Cythere _

Cypridinalaevigata - ____ _ ____ ____ _ _

Cythere---- ______ ______ _

acuta-- -- ------

ampla----- ________ _____ _____ _

amputata, ________________

arcuata. _________

berniciensis -

bilobata

brevicauda ____ _____

caudata, _ _ _

corbuloides. _

curta

cyclas

dorsalis

elongata- - _______ ______ _ ______

geinitziana. __________ _ _ _

gracillima- ... _ _ _

hisinqeri

kingiana..- ____________ _ ________

leptura-----------. _ __

minna-.--- __

mucronata

muensteriana

plebia... _ _

brevicauda--.-------- _ _ __ ___

reniformis

subreniformis- __.__ ____ __ _

reussiana. -------- ___

subcylindrica..---- ...

truncata-.-. ...

(Bairdia) acuta--- --- - _ _ _ _

ampla-.----- _ . _ _

brevicauda _

dorsa..s__-

frumentum. ------- _ _ _ _

gracillima------------- _______________ _____

kinoi ----.

marginata _ _ __ __________ _ ___ ___

parmula..--.- _ _

piscis.-.. ____________________________________

plebia----------.-- -- _

caudata _____

grandis,--.. _

rhombica.. _____________ ____ _______ _

plebeja-.- _ _________ ___ __ ________

rhomboidea- ____________

schaurothiana _ _ _ _ _ __

(Cythereis) drupacea---- .

(Potamocypris) bilobata ... ______ _ __________

Cythereis drupacea

(Cythereis) drupacea, Cythere _____ _______

Cytherina ovata.. ---------------- _ _ _

subdeltoidea. ________ ________

Cytherella _ _ ____________ ___ _

Czechoslovakia. ________ _ _

D

decaturi, Microcheilinella --------- _ _ _

Tubulibairdia- ... .... _____

Deer Creek formation. ___ _

Page

______________________ 43,54,59

_____________ 43,53,5^,59

_--____-___-_-___________ 43,54

______________________ 43,52,54

_____________________ 13,43,85

________ _ _______ 43,84, PL 6

__________ 12,19,25,33,36,43,38

_____________________ 42,43,54

_______ ________________ 54

_________________________ 43,54

________________________ 27,43

_________________________ 32,43

________________________ 25,43

________________________ 25

________ ___________ _ 22,25,42

_________________________ 43,58

__________________ 57,58, pi. 2

_ _______________________ 13

______ _ ________________ 43

_________________________ 85

_________________________ 79

__________ _____ ________ 12

-___ ___________ _ _ ___ 10,35

__________________ _ ____ 35,36

____ ______________ _ _ _ 26,56

_____ ___ ___ ____ _ _ _ 85

________ _ _____ 49,52

73

________ ______ __ 35,36,42,54

_________________________ 24,33

______ _ _ 75

_________________ ____ __ 54

---_ __ ________ _ _ _ _ 85

___________________ _ __ 37

______________________ 25,37,60

________ _ _________ ___ 37,62

__________ _______ _ _ 38

________ _ ____ 38

______ 38

____________________ _ 29

_____ __ 85

39

__________ _____ _ 63

-----_____________ ______ 40

 _-_ ___ 54

_________________________ 68

------______________ _ _ 68

31 41

------------------ 32

__________________ ______ 56

______________ __________ 10,35

________________ 34,35,52

_______ _ _____ _ 54

__ ____ __ _ 37

________________ ________ 37

_________ _________ _ _ 38

_________________________ 38

________________________ 27,39

----____ _______________ 39

_________________ 30

___________ ____ ________ 40

_________________________ 24

_________________________ 40

__________ _________ _ 40

----_-___________________ 40

_________________________ 41,51

_________________________ 55,56

_______________ _________ 37,49

_________________________ 37,73

_________________________ 49

_________________________ 37,49

_________________________ 10

_________________________ 40

_________________________ 32

_________ 62,75.76,81,82,83,86

________________________ 75

 75

_________________________ 50,68

Page 

Deeseformation______________________________________ 33,38,49,63,64,67

Definition of terms. --____-___-_--_________--_-___-__---- 6-7

deformis, Bairdia curta __-______________________--_-_-____-_-_--- 43,54

Rectobairdia-.-.----------.... ________________________________________ 43,52, 54

Degonia formation....,_______________________________-_-__-_-_-_-_____---_-- 70, 71

delawarensis, Bairdia------- ------------------------------------.......------ 36, 43

delicata, Bairdia..-.-------- ___________________________________ 34,37,43

deloi, Bairdia----.---------..-^---------------------------------- 19,22,27,39,43

Bairdiacypris- _____________________________ 57, 58, 59,pis.2,3

demissa, Bairdia- _______________________-__----_-__-_---_--_ 43,50

depressa, Bairdia ------------------------------------------------------- 43,52,54

Devils Kitchen member, Deese formation______-_-_______-----__-___-_-- 63,67

devonica, Bairdia _________________________---------_-_--_--__---_ 37,43

diaphrovalvis, Bekena ________________________________________________ 81,80,pl.6

diffusa, ./IcfMaria- -_ _ -_ - -- --- -- --- 59

Bairdiacypris ____________________________________________ 57, 59

Dimorphism, sexual.___.__________________________________ 7

Discrimination of species________________________________________ 7-8

dispar, Fabalicypris- _____________________________________ 61,62

dissimilis,Bairdia- ___________________________------__-- 21,23, 43

distorta, Microcheilinella---.------------------------------------------------ 75, pi. 5

distracta, Bairdia ______________________________________ 43,64,79

Rishona. _________________________________________________________________ 43,79

distressa,Bairdia- __________________________________________ 43, 54

Rectobairdia- --------_________________________ 43,44,53, 54, pi.2

Dornick Hills formation.___________________________________________ 24,36,49,67,70

dornickhillensis, Bairdia-- ---___-________________--__-________-_-_- _... 43,67, pi. 3

Orthobairdia ______-_______________--__----___-______------------------- 65

dorsalis, Bairdia. _______________________-__-___----__--__-- 37, 43

Cythere- ---------- ---------- - - 37

(Bairdia)--- -. - - -- - 37

dorsoclefta, Pactiydometta,.--------.-.---------------------------------- ---- pl-5

dorsospinosa, Ceratobairdia,--- ----- ------------------------------------ 09, pi. 3

Doubtful species______________________-_---_----__--__ 35-42

drupacda, Bairdia.------------------------------------------------------- 37,43,49

Cryptobairdia. --. - --- -- - - 34,43,48,^9

Cythere (Cythereis)-,--------------------------------------------- 37,49

C-ythereis ------------------------------------------------------- 49

dubia, Alanella... ______.-____-___..___.... -... _ _ _-___----_ 41

E 

East Mountain shale.. ---- ---__-___--_------------ 23,39,51,62,66,67

egorovi, Bairdia---------------------------------------------------- 10,21,^,46

eifliensis, Bairdia _ __________________-______-_------_--_-- 19,25

Bairdiocypris ------------------------------------------------------------ 84,85

moravica, Bythocypris --------------------------------------------------- 81,83

Eisslimestone_____________________________-___-_---__---___--_---------- 25,62

eissensis, Bairdia______-____-_____-___-________----------- .---.-...---- 21,25,43

elegans, Bairdianella. --------------------------------------------------------- 12

eleziana, Bairdia------- - ----------------------------------------------- --- 21,85

Elmdale formation._.-_-____.__________________---_--- 23,27,28,31,37,50,62,68,73

elongata, Bairdia.--.----.--------------------------------- 10,13,25,37,43,60,84,85

Bairdia-pleblo.------------------------------------------------------- 10,25,45

Bairdiacypris----- __.-_____-___._-_--. -___ 57,59

r^/iere-- . 25,37,60

elongatella, Bairdia ------------------------------------------------ 10, 22,05,45

elongatus, Bairdiolites-------------- _ ___ - _ _ 70, 71

emaciata, Bairdia-----_ -_-.-----_-----._---- ----- .- - 43,54

Rectobairdia 43, 53, 54, pi. 2

emarginatus, Bairdiolites------ -_ - -- 70, 72

Encrinal limestone.---------------------------------------------------------- "

England-.. 24,25,27,29,31,

32,33,34,35,36,38, 40, 41,48, 49, 51, 52, 54, 55, 56, 59,62, 66, 68, 75, 79,80,84,85 

epicypha, Bairdia-----_ ___ --- _-- --- -- ----- 43, 79

Rishona- 26, 43, 44, 79, pi. 5

equalis, Bairdiocypris morrisonensis--.-----.----.------------------------------ 84

Ervine Creek limestone-------. -- - - - --- 50

Eudorashale_._ ----- - -- - 22,28,31,32,50,56,73

Europe.._-__-___---- _- - _-- ------- - _ -- 33

Evolution, stages of... _____ _. ---- - --- 8,17

excisa, Bairdia----.---------- -- -- --- 37, 43, 73

Exiline limestone----_----_-_---------------------------------------------- 27,31,64

extenda, Bairdia-- 37,43,44

faba, Bythocypris_--_-.-- . -. - - -- -- 73 

Fabalicypris------ 11,15,57,60

acetalata. . . - - 42,44,45,46,59,60,63

acuminata---._ - -- - ---- 61,60 

antiqua--,-- ___ ------------ - - 62
INDEX 99

Page

Fabalicypris Continued 

disvar................ 61,62

geinitziana ... _ ...... __ .. _ _.______--__--.-__ _ _ ... _ . _ _ 37,43,61,62

glennensis - _ - ----_____ __ .... _ . _____________ __ 31, 44,62, pi. 3

hoxbarensis . ______ - _ __ _ ______ .. _________ 42,44,61,63

muensteriana............................................................. 61.

perpleza.------....-___-_.___________________..._ 45, 62, 63

plana. ______-______-__...-____________._.-.___ 61,62

regularis--...------__-__ ____-_--__.___.....--____......... 61,63

shideleri.... ________._......_ _.______ 46. 57. 59.61

ubaequalis---.- -. --------.-----------------------....___---------- 46, 62, 63

ubelliptica... ............ _._ --___--_.______._..-..._.--_._ 61,63

tennis.-... __-_.._-__---_________________________-___._._____ 61

sp. 1

sp. -.------. ..---------.--...-.-----......-----.-......... 43, 46, 52, 59, 64

fabalis, Silen,ites ----..........----.---------.-----.....-.- -- .. ....... 73

Falls City limestone _ . ____ ......... __ _ _ ... 32

Famennian _ _ _ _ _ ........---.. ................ 25, 41

Parley limestone. -.--_-----_------___.______________-_-_-._.-____ _ ... 22,31,56,63

Fayetteville shale.--.-------------.---.--. .-..-.---.------....-.--... 26,39,66,86

fecunda, Bairdiocypris .----------.-.-..----.---........................-.,--- 84

Bythocypiis (Bairdiocypi is) ___ _ _____ ______ __ _._ . _ . ___ _ _ 75

Tubulibairdia.---.. .----------.------.-..---.-.-.--.---.-.---...--.---.--. 75,84

Ferdinandlimestone_____ - _ _ _ _____ 27

Fern Glen formation. _______________ _______________________________ _ ...... 49

Florena formation. _________________________________________________________ 24, 25, 68

florenaensis, Bairdia-.--. --- _ __. . _____. 43,68

folgeri, Bairdia ___-_---------_____.______ _ _-_--._..__________..._._......_-- 43,50

Cryptobairdia-.-- ... --------- ----.- . --.....- -.-............. 46,48,50,55

Fontana shale.- . .. . - _ -.... 31

forakerensis, Bairdia-.. .__ ___ __ __ _ .__ 43, 50

CVz/ptoDotrdtO-- --.- - 43, 44, 47, 48, 50, pi. 2

fornicatus, Bairdiolites - - -- _ _ _._.. _ 70,7?

Fort Scott limestone __ __ __ __ __ _ __ ________ _ ____._._.._.__________._.--_- 64

Fourmile limestone ___ 23,29, 30, 62

fovealis, Bairdiolites ... _ _ __ _ . _ __ 70, 71

fragosa, Bairdia.-- ____________________________________________________________ 43, 54

Rectobairdia - - - - _ 43, 53,54, 55, pi. 2 

France.... ..-._____--.-__.__-______________---.-....________.-.....-... 24,35,41,42

Frasnian-... -- - 25,28,29,30,32,55,59

frumentum, Bairdia --------------_________-_-_-_-_______-_----------._____-__ 37,43

Cythere (Bairdia). 

Fulda limestone.----.

fulva, Bairdia.------.

Funs ton limestone ... 

fusiformis, Bairdia..-.

G

galei, Bairdia,-..-.-- - ----.-. - --.. . 22,25,32,43

gallowayi, Bythocypris.__ - _ __ 73

Garrison shale....-_.________-_-.__________________..._..._______._.._.____. 50

garrisonensis, Bairdia.------------------ _____________________________ 21,25, 27,37, 43

geinitziana, C_/.ft«re..________________________________________________________ 37,62

Bairdia-- - .-- ----- --- - ----... 37,43,44,62,68

Fabalicypris----.----------- -.-.------ - ---.-.. 37,43,61,62

geisi, Bairdia-__-..__________-_._____________________-..________...__ 31,37,44

Genshaw formation. ________________________________________________________ 54,79

Geologic time -_ - - _ __ .__ 16

Germany.. ... --- -. .....-..-22, 24, 29,30,32,33,34,35,36,37,

38, 39, 40, 41, 49, 51, 52, 54, 55, 56,59, 60, 68, 74, 75, 81, 82, 83, 84,85, 86 

gerolsteinensis, Bairdiocypris. .._-__________________-____-_-_-__--_-_-_________ S3

Bythocypris (Bairdiocypris)---.------------------------ ---------------- 83

gibbera, Bairdia.--.-.----------------------------- _______-.___._ 19,21,26,44,46, 79

Pontocypris TnawzL.------------------------------------------------------ 80

Rishona mawii --_______-__-_______----_-__-________--_---_________-_-____ 80

gibbosa, Bairdia.-..... .............____-___---__.._____--____...____ 44,49

ffir-j/t, Bairdjo.. ......................-...._........ 10,22,26,29,35,42,44,52, pi. 1

Glen Dean formation.-. ____ - __ _ ____ 26,32,34,63,

Glenn formation _ __ ... _____ ___ ... ____ ______ - __ ___ ..

glennensis, Bairdia--- _______________ . ________ 31,37,38,44,60,

Bairdiacypris----. ........ ...... __ _ . ___ ... __ _ - ______

Fabalicypris-----. ............ _ _ . ______ - __________ 31,44,62,

Golconda formation. .._____.._ .--.......... ....... 26,28,34,39,52,60,65,66,

golcondensis, Bairdia---- .-.... .. .. .. - .-...-.. . - _ 21,26, 28,

Gotland. _-_._- _ _-_ _____ . __ . _____ _ ______________ . __ 

gracilis, Bairdia----- ____________________ . __ - ____ 10,32,38,

Bairdia ore u 0.0 - ............ _ ...--...-.--.-.---.-..-- .. 10

Brairdia-- ... .... ..-___-_-- ........ ..--...- -.__- 

gracillima, Bairdia- ....... _ -.......--. _ __- __ 

(Bairdia)--- _____ . _____ _ _____ - __ ------ . 

graciosa, Bairdia---.--- ..... ...-.- _ __.-- _ .------ .------. 22,

Bairdia pecosensis-.- ._.-_._....____..-.-___-......_..-._..--_-..-..-.._ 26,

Graham formation ..... __ .. __ _-._ _ ---------- ..... ___ _.. 23,

Page

66,71 

62

, 62,63

58,60

pi. 3

71, 73

44,66

79,80

, 44,51

38,51

38

38,44 

38 

38

26,45 

30,45 

26, 66 

pi. 1 

41,44 

40, 45 

40

, 44, 66 

43,66 

65

44,74 

74 

33 

49 

29 

39,44

44,68

26

76

grahamensis, Bairdia--. ... .......- 10,19,22,26,39,43,44,45,69,

grandis, Bairdia__ ._ .__... ..... ------- --- 27,40,

Bairdia plebia_.._---------____...__-_____-------__... 27,

Cythere (Bairdia) plebia... ...... -...-.. ..--. ... ... .-

granireticulata, Bairdia...._______...___-...___ _ 34,

granulosa, Bairdia cestriensis. ........... ..... ----.... ..................

Orthobairdia cestriensis._ __ _.....--,__--______--._ ------- .

grayi, Bairdia..-. __......____ ____ --__ . --.. _-- 

Silenites _ _ _ _______...__....__............ ... ._-.

Greenup limestone-__-___--------________-..._... ___ -----.-

Greenup zone_..--.-._--....--.-- ___._--_ ... .. --

Grenshaw formation..__.._--___...___................. .-

griffithiana, Bairdia--- _____________________________ 13,38,

Growth stages.---___-_--_______ ._ - --------

guadalupiana, Bairdia- ..-_ _. _ _ __ ___ _ - -------

Gunsight formation __-_-___.___--._.. ______---- .-.... -.

Outschickia-------------------------------------------------------------------

H 

Hamilton group.-...---_-....--.---.-__-... -.-----.-----. - - 29

Haraganmarl.-- ---.- - --- ------ - -- --- 1,78,80,83

harltoni, Bairdia---- - 19,27,40,42,44,45

harrisiana, Bairdia..---------------------------------------------------------- 13

Haskelllimestone - .-. . . - 26,32

hassi, Bairdia_--_ .. . . --22,25,27,33,42,43, pi. 1 

Hawaii, Honolulu---..-- . . --.-. ..-- ---- - 26

haworthi, Bairdia____...---.___-..._.-__._-.__ -.. 44,50,64

Cryptobairdia-- .. 44,48,50,64

Hau'orthina-..----.--------------------.-------------------------------------- 13,84

buUeta-. . - 43,84

Hayden Branch formation ... . 23,28,30,36,38,49,59,62,67

haydenbrarichensis, Bairdiacypris - --................- ...-....---....-.---- 57, 58,59

Bythocypris _ _.......__.....--......---.----- ----- __-._- 59

Healdia- .- . --- - - - 47,86, pi. 6

Healdiidae- . . - ---- 72~74

hebeatus, Bairdia-- ------------------------------------------------- 22,27,43

Bairdia curta. .__..............-.......---.----.--------- ----------- 27,43

Helderberg formation_....___..__.___ .___ ___ .. _- - -- 75

Henryhouse formation-..- ------- --------------- ------- . -- 1, H

Herta formation-_._._ _ _....__-___... ... ----------- - 63

hexagona, Bairdia---... _...._-_--____ . -. .. - 44,54

Ffc.o6o.rdto ____-.. - --___. __----- - - 44,53,54 

hextensis, Bairdia- ________-----------_.. . -. - - - 44,55

Fec.o6otrdtO---- - 44, 53,55, pi. 2

Hickory Creek shale 31,66,67,68

hirta, Nesidea.---------------------------------------------------------------- 13

hisingeri, Bairdia. ---- - - -- 38,44,54,55,56

contracta, Bairdia--- .... .... 10,34,36,43,44,49

Cythere--- . -.----.-------- __ _-___-__ _... ------ 38

mongoliensis, Bairdia--_......___... .-------.-.-------- -------- 44,55

hisingeriformis, Bairdia .-- - - -- - -------.-.--------- - - --- 44,55

hispidaalta, Bairdia - 21,23,44,66

Bairdia 21,23,27,44, pi. 1

Cryptobairdia.--_ _ _ ---------- - - ----- 48

hoffmanae, Bairdia-----... ......._---------------- ------ - ---- 44,50

Cryptobairdia. . - 32,44,46,48,50, pi. 2

Holdenville formation._-._ ... 24,30,33,36,66,69,73

Holland.-- - 22

Hollis limestone-.______ ___-__------- - 66, 73

Homonymy, discussion of.---.____--._ . ---------- 9-10

hooverae, Bairdia.... __________-______-__- - -- 38,44,50,51

Cryptobairdia----.-------------- --- ----- - -------- 44,48,50

Hoxbar formation- _ 23,30,33,36,39,49,61,57,58, 63,66
100 REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OSTROCODE GENERA

Page 

hoxbarensis, Bairdia.______________________________________________ 44,62,63,68

Fabalicypris- _______________________________________________ 42,44,61,63

Hungarella------- __________________________________________________ 13

hupeiensis, Bairdia............................................................ 42

hurwitd, Bairdia--_____________________________________ 21,23,27,42

Hushpuckney shale__ . 63

hypsoconcha, Bairdia-.......... __________________________________.___ 21, 28, 46

I

latan limestome___. 

ignota, Bairdia......

illinoiensis, BairdiaBasslerella......

 26,60,

Adams County..___________________________________________________

Bureau County_________________________________________________ 51,

Christian County. _______________________________.__....__________ 23,

Cumberland County- ...- ... ............ - . 23,28,33,35,49,

Edgar County_____._-_-___________________- ..____________

Efflngham County--- - - - 25,41,50,58, 

Fulton County_____ _ ______ _____________________________ 30,

Hardin County . ---- -------------. ---.- 26,29,32,63,

Henry County._______-______-_--_---.-------___-___--_--______________

Jackson County__ - ,- -- -_

Jasper County__...---------..._........._......_.__________________

Johnson County---.-----.---.-.--------. 22,25,28,51,60,63,65,66,69,

La Salle County ___ __ _____ _ __.______......

Lawrence County.____.....______.______.____ 27,30,31,33,62,

Macoupin County._...................................._.________..__

Madison County_....._----------...............---..--................

Marshall County--------- .. - - .. - 23,26,27,

Massac County.________ ______ _______-______________

Mercer County...._____..__________._______________ 22,56,63,

Monroe County.______-______ _ _ _--_____ ________ _______

Montgomery County. ---------------_..._-_-------__.........

Peoria County._____ ______-_-_____ _____ _ _ ____________

Perry County.____________________________________________ 24,

Pope County.-.___-_------__--__________-_--__.__--_______ 26,28,34,66,70,

Randolph County._____._.______-_-____..___-____ 26,34,39,52,64,

Rock Island County...-..._ _____ _ _-_____ ____________

Shelby County...___-___ _ ___________ _________ ________

Stark County________________-_._______________________ 27,31,

TTnion County_.______-_-__-_---_----_-_-___________.__________________ 64,

Warren County.____ ._____....___.______________________

White County...__.____________________________.______

impedere, Bairdia_.-....... ____ _ _________________________________ 21, 26, 28,

Indianna________________________________________ 30,49, 52,54,58,63,66,

Spencer County.__--------_-_-___-___________-________--_-.____________

Sullivan County...__ __--_____ .____________._ 23,28,30,36,38,49,59,

Vermillion County.___......._____________________________

inflata, Bairdia beedei---. ...-_----_--_-___-__-__________.________________ 21,

insolens, Bairdia- ...________________________________________________________

intermedia, Carbonita....... ---______-___-_-_._-________-__-._______._______.__

Intermediate species__-__-_-_---_---_--_---__-_________--_---______.._________

International Rules of Zoological Nomenclature..___________________________

Introduction..______________________________________________________________

Iowa. ________________________________________________________________________

Fayette County________ _ _________ _ ___________________________________

Floyd County..._____________________________________________ 28,37,39,

Ireland.,__....____.______________________________________ 25,38,39,

irionensis, jBa..-d-o__________________________________________________________ 22,

Island Creek shale -_- _ _ ____

ivanovae, Ba.r_.ia______________________________________________________________

J 

jonesi, Bairdia brevis. _____ _ __________________________________________________ 24, 43

jonesiana, Bairdia........--------.................................__._..______ 44, 85

Jone*.7.a___________________________________________________________________ 41, 45, §6

Kansas, Chase Coimty.__ _________._..____________ 23,25,27,28,31,37,50,62,68,73

Chautauqua County.__________________________________________________ 50

Cowley County._______________________________________________________ 50

Douglas County __ - _-__-___- ________ __ _______ ___ _ 50, 68

Qeary County____________________________________________________________ 33,55

Hamilton County_____________________________________ 24

Leavenworth County__- _-_ ________ ______________ ______ 24,28, 31

Lyon County____.__ ___________________________________________________ 23,50,73

Marshall County_________________________________________________________ 23,30

Osage County___________________________________________ 67

24

38,44

44,84

44,84

70,71

49

58,67

31,58

50,74

29,63

60,68

62,73

66,71

24,64

34,71

50

70,71 

22,66 

84,86 

49,66

23 

64,68

66 

64,73

28 

50,58

55

32,71 

71,73 

71,73 

60,63

22

64,73 

66,71 

23,27

29

42,44 

73,84 

27,37 

62,67

64

28,42 

44,66

62

35-42 

8

1-8 

81,82

59

41, 56 

85.80 

30,44 

58,62 

21,28

Page 

Pottawatomie County ------------------------------------------------ 33,62

Riley County. ______.--______-________________._____------------ 23,24,29,55,68

Shawnee County. -- ---_ - - -- 30,50,68

kansasensis, Bairdia..--.---...---.----------------------------------------. 19,21,28

Kanwaka formation- ________________________ _____-._ -- --_-_____-_______ 26,50

kanwakensis, Bairdia- ...__-_---.-.........................------.-....---.--.. 44, 50

kayi, Macrocypris. ---------------------------------------------------------- 59

kelleri, Bairdia^ .--.- --------------------------------------------------------- 21,28

Kellett, Betty, quoted _ ------- 7,8

kellettae, Bairdia..............-.........------...-....--...-.-.-...-...-.. 22,28,52

Spinobairdia------ -.------------------- - - - -~-~ 81, pi. 6

kelletti, Bairdia _____________________.___-____ _-_-. -- __ _ __ .._. 44,52

Kentucky. ________________-____-__--_____-____-_-_-___-_--------------------_ 76

Grayson County. __-___-____________----___-_____------- ------------- 36, 65

Jefferson County---.-. -_ - _ - ------ 75

Mulenberg County _______________ _ _____________ ______ _ _________ 58

Kesling, R. V., quoted----.------------------------------------ ------ 67

kettneri, Bairdia (Varicobairdia) ...--. .--............- . . ..-. 12, pl.l

kettneri, Varicobairdia.-------------------------------------------------'----- 12, pl.l

Keys---- - - - - 5,11

 -- __- -_ -- -_---_ _- --- - - 19-22

Bairdiacypris. ------------------------------------------------------------ 57-58

Bairdiolites .-....................................-..-------------------.-. 70

Bekena.--------------------------------. --------- -- ---- ------- 82

Cryptobairdia, --------------------------------------------------------- 48

Fabalicypris- ________________________________________ ______ _ _. ___ 61-62

Orthobairdia. ....-.---...----.....-..-..---...-------.------..--..-------.. 65

Pustulobairdia. ................-...-......-...........--.-------------.-.. 69

Rectoba irdia.. ________________________________-__-----_------ _ 52-54

Saenites.. ----.--- --- --------------------------------------- 72

kinderhookensis, Bairdia- ___- __-_-_-___-___ _ 21, 29

kingi, Bairdia. -------------------------------------------------------------- 38, 44

Cythere (Bairdia)- ------------------------------------------------------- 38

kingiana, Bairdia- ____________-_________-_-_-_________---_-------_------------ 44

Cyttere. -------------------------------------------------- -------^------ 38

kingii, Bairdia- ---------------------------------------------- 35, 44, 52

compressa, Bairdia-- _______________ __ _ _____ ___ - - 44, 49, 66

Kinkaidformation_____-__. _-_-_---_----__-_____-__----__ 22,28,32,34,51,63,66,70,71

Kinney limestone _ _ _-_ _ ___ _-_-_ 29

kirki, Orthobairdia-.-------------------.----------------------------- 10,43,49,65,66

klukovicensis, Reversocypris- --------------------------------------------------- SO, SI

Knightina allerismoides.... .... ----------------------------------.-....--- 7, pi. 6

kolwensis, Bairdia--- _._--__-_____-________..-_---___--- .-------------------- 44, 85

korzenewskajae, Bairdia- ________________________-.__-____------------_-------- 44, 55

Rectobairdia.. ------------------------------------------------------- 44,53,55

Krausella.-- ------------------------------------------------------------------ 85

Krausella anticostien sis-..- ---------------------------------------------------- 13

Labetteshale..- ... 23,50,51,66,68

Ladoreshale . ------- 63,66

laevigata, Bairdia----------------------------------------------------------- 10, 44, 79

Cypridina---.------------------------------------------ ----- ___ 79

nigrescens, Bairdia-.-.........-------.............. --------.....-.---... 79

Paraparchites,-------------------------------------------------------- 79

Rishona --. .- 44,79

laevigatus, ParaparcMtes ---------------------------------------------------- 79

lancelata, Bairdia.--------------------------------------------------------- 37,44

lanulata, Bairdia__________-_-_-__--_-____________-__-__---__--_---------_--- 39, 44

La Salle limestone_._.-______-_.-_____-_._-__-.___._____--.____ ... ... 51,58,67

Lawrence shale-------- -.--.---.. ----..--.----------------------------- 26,49,67

legumen, Bairdia-------------------------------------------------------------- 44,55

Rectobairdia- ----------------------------------------------------- 42,44,52,55

leguminoides, Bairdia.---. ___...._______-_._.________.-_-____ 19,29,42,46, 54, pi. 1

lenticularis, Carbonia.- ------------------------------------------------------ 73

SileniUs - - ------- .. ..---- ---- - 73,pi. 4

lenticulata, Bairdia.- -----------------------------------------------------.....39,44

Leonard formation_________________________________________________ 30,31,32,68,69

Leperditia okeni..------------------------------------------------------------- 79

lepidocentn, Bairdia .-------------------------------------------------------- 44, 55

Rectobairdia...--------------------------------------------------------- 44,53,55

leptura, Bairdia.-.----.----------------------------------... ......_ 22,29,40,45

Cythere.---------------------------------------------------------------- 29

Lester limestone member, Dornick Hills formation..._.,-_-___-_____ _-____ 24

lesterica, Bairdia hispida__ _ - - -._ 44, 49

linburgensis, Bythocypi is------------------------------------------------------ 39

Little Vermillion limestone.----------.-.-.........-_-... --------- ___ 22,50

Liverpool cyclothem___.____________-. -..-____._____-_-_____-___-___-____ 30,73

Liverpool limestone-.________________._........ ...__-_-_-_______ 62,66

Livingston limestone.__ -____________ _......._.. 29
INDEX 101

Page 

lobata, Candona,. ________________ _ _ _ _______________________ _ ______________ 8

longa, Bairdia.------------------------------------------.................... 37,43

longironstris, Bairdia ......................................................... 39,44

longula, Pachydomella-... ____-______----.-._-_.__-___-_--._..--______-_-______ 75

Tubulibairdia. ---------_-____________-___--------___.______----_._-____-_- 75

Lonsdale limestone. _ _ ___________________________________ _ _______ 23, 26, 27, 64,68

Ludlow ville formation. _______________________________________________________ 29

Lueders limestone __-__-_-_-_-__---______________-_ __________-_-__________ 84

lunata, Botrdio ----------------------------------------------------------- 35,39,44

Bairdia arcuata........................................................... 39

Bythocypris............................................................... 39

M 

McAlester shale.- _- ________-___-_ ___--__-_______- _ -________ 60

McCoy formation.-.-----_______-_-_----_._-________-___.____-______--_______ 49

mccoyi, Bairdia. ---_____-___..-.-._.._________-___._-___________-____ 22,26,29,44,45

macdonelli, Bairdia--... ________________________________ _ __________________ 22,29

Macoupin cyclothem__ _______ _______________________________ 27,30,31,33,62,84,86

Macoupin limestone ................._--............---.....-......---.... 29

Macrocypris______________________......-......-----...-.-...-.-__.... 38,85

kayi...................................................................... 59

ovata......................... _-_-_-_.___________---_-..--.______-..-._-. 63

sarsi......_..._...............-.--.-.-..........------.-.......-----_. 22

magna, Pontocypris smithi---- _______________________-_________-----________ 80

Rishona- __-__..________________________________________ 80, pi. 4

magnacurta, Bairdia- --_----....-._---.__-._.______________________________ 34, 45, 49

Main Limestone_..__--_.______--.-____.................._..... 51,52

major, Bairdia subelongata.................................................... 46, 59

Bairdiacypris----.........._________, .___________________ 46,57,59

mandelstami, Bairdia. _____________.__-____-..__-.......----.-_.... 22,29,54

Maquoketa shale..----____,____ ... _-____.-..__._____________________ 59

marginaspinata, Senescella.................................. _........_.-.... 76

marginata, Bairdia........................................ ________ 10,19,22,27,39,45

Cythere (Bairdia)----............... _______ .. ..____-__.._-_.. 27,39

marginifera, Bythocypris--. _____________________________________________ 73

marginiferus, Silenites...- -- _____ _ _______ _____ 73, 74

marmorea, Bairdia-................ _-_______-___________ ___ ____ 21,23,45

Maryland, Aleghany County-.. _- ______. ___--------_.. 75

matfieldensis, Bairdia............... ___-_-_.-__._._-______--_____.____ 22,29,31,45

mawii gibbera, Ponfocypris.......... .-._____-____-___-_--___-_--.---.......- 80

gibbera, Rishona_____ ___ ___-___-_-.____-_-_---_____-_-_-_-_-______ 80

Pontocypris-.----..... __ ___ _-_______-__ _- _ _ -_______ 79,80

Rishona- ____________________________..........._____-_-_.______ 79,80

maxeyi, Bairdia-...... _- _-_-_-_ _-____ _-__-_ _______ ______________ 45,50

Cryptobairdia--.. ___________________________________________ 45,48,50

Menard formation ____________________________________________ 26,34,69,70,71

menardensis, Bairdia--...._____ _-_______.______...._.._______-_____ 19, 22,26, 45, pi. 1

menardvillensis, Bairdia-... ____- ___-___-________ ___ .____________ 19,22,27,45

Mercer limestone.____________-___-___-______.-_._._--____. 38,56,60,64,66,68

merivia, Bairdia____- _ _ _._-.....--------_--___-. 45,49

Methods of study. _________________________._-___._._-_____. 2-3

Michigan, Presque Isle County_____________________________________---__ 29,54,79

micro, Bairdia- -_---------_-___-_-.___--______-.._____________--.--_--____-.__ 13,45

Microcheilinella............. __-__--__-_-_______..._.._____-___._.-_____ 74,83

amaliae-.................................................................. 75

clava........... -_-----_--__-_--_---_-___-______________-_________-___---__ 75

decaturi... _____------_____.__-_-._____--__________________________-----__- 75

distorta............................................... ________________ 75,pi.5

pen/raciZis __ _ _ ........... 64

Millersville limestone ______________________________________..... 23,31,58

Mineral Wells shale. ___________________________________________________ 23,51,62,66

minna, Cythere.. --__-_ -______-_- _ __ _____ ____ _- - _____ 85

minor, Bairdia siliqua... - ________ _. ___ ___________ __ _ ________ 13

minuta, Fabalicypris. _________________________________________________________ 61,63

Misidentifled species in Bairdia-- ____________________________..._____ 33-35

Missouri _____________________________________________________________________ 81

Beverly County__________________________________________________________ 31

Boone County________________ _______________________________ 26,29,34,55,74,82

Buchanan County..________________________________________________ 26,32,60,67

Callaway County. _________________________________________________ 26,49,54,82

Cass County. ____________________________________________________________ 66

Clay County.____________________________________________________ _______ 31

Clinton County. __________ ___________________________________________ 49,50,58

Daviess County. ________________________________________________ 25,28, 31, 32, 50

De Kalb County.- _____________________________________________________ 49.67

Gentry County. __________________________________________________________ 31,68

Grundy County_._ _______________________________________________________ 63

Harrison County. ________________________________________________________ 23

Livingston County. _ ____________________________________________________ 64

Page 

Missouri Continued

Mercer County ----------------------------------------------------- 31,64

Platte County.--------.-------.--------.-------------.------------ 22,24,56,63

Ray County.-.---------_-_--____-----------------------_-----------__--- 23

St. Louis County--------.--.--------.----------- 23,31,49,50,51,60,64,66,68,73

Mod._..a-_--__ -__ _- - ---__-- - - - 38 

Mongolia.______________-__ ________________________________ 24, 27,33,34, 55, 56, 60, 73

mongoliensis, Bairdia hmngeri_ ______________________________________________ 44, 55

Rectobairdia- ........................-..-.-----. - --.....- -.---. 44,52,55

monou mbonata, Bythocypris. -------------------------------------- 77

Monsmirabilia -------------------------------------------------------- 13

subovata ______________________-_-_-_________-___-___-__________-_- _ 13

monstrabilis, Bairdia-.-.........--....--..._.............-.............--..... 21, SO

Montana. - _ _.__ __-- ___ --_ _- _-_ - - - - 34

Wheatland County _-_ . - __- _- --..- 40,74

moorei, Bairdia ---_ _ -. - -_- ------ 10,23, 45

moravica, Bairdiocypris __________________________________________________ 81,83,84

Bythocypris eifliensis ______________________________________________________ 81, 83

Morphology, criteria ___________-_______-__-_-__________-_---_-____- 7

morrisonensis, Bairdiocypris __________________________________________________ 83,84

equalis, Bairdiocypris-- --------------------------------------------- 84

Moscow formation ______________________________________ _ ____________ 80

mossolovellaeformis, Bairdia ___________________________________________________ 45, 55

Rectobairdia -- 45, 54, 55

Mountain Limestone..---------------------------------------------------- 25, 38, 63

mucronata, Bairdia-. .............................................. 24,39,45,48,49

Cythere-...........----..-------.-----....-----------.------- --.--.---.- 39

muensteriana, Cythere--------------------------------------------------------- 63

Fabalicypris ____--__ _-_______---_----_-__-----------_ -___---_-.-- 61, 63

mui, Bairdia--.-.-------------. ---------------------------------------------- 42

munda, Bairdia plebia-----.--------------------------------------------------- 40,45

murchisoniana, Bairdia-- ___________________________________________________ 13,39, 45

Muscle scars. --------------------------------------------------------------- 8

N 

nalivkini, Boirdia-------------------------------------------------------------

nasuta, Bairdia __--_ __ - -

naumovae, Bairdia------------------.-------------------- --------------------

Nebraska. - __-- - - - - - - -

Cass County--------------------------------------------------------- 62,

Dyson Hollow___-_--__ - _- _____ ------------- -- - 

Furnas County_-__--_----__---------------------------- ------- -----

Gage County-------__---___----_-----_---------- - -------..

Richardson County- _-____--_-_-_-_---._--_----_----------

nebraskensis, Bairdia -.-...-.........-........------.-.- ... - - -----

Fabalicypris- ___.___ _ ___ . - - - - - -- 

neglecta gibbosa, Bairdia...... _______ _________________-_ _-_ ----------

neptuni, Bairdia- ......................................................... 22,

Bairdia plebia---.........--...--------.----....------.......---...--______

-Vesideo.-----..--------------------------------------------------------------

hirta...-.-.---------------------------..----------------------------------

Neva limestone. ._._-----.---------------------_------------- ...---...

nevensis, Bairdia......---------------------------------------- --------- -

New Mexico_________ _ _ - - _--_--_---.-----

New South Wales ___ ______ _-_- -- ___- _ _ --- - 

New York, Genesee County_____________________._.-____..._._-_-----. .-

Livingston County.___ ___-_ __.__-_ - _ -_ - - -- 

Newton cyclothem. ____ __ . _ -_- ____ - ._

Newsom shale___.___--.-_-_-----_--_--------_-__----_- ---------- 

Newton limestone. ______________ ___ ______ ---------------- 28

nigrescens, Bairdia laevigata.... ................................--..........-

Paraparchites laevigatus ________________ ____ _ ____ -- -. -

nikomlensis, Bairdia- --- ____ __ ...-___-_-.-__ --------------.....

nitida, Bairdia _ - _ ___________ _- __ _ - - - 33,39

Nomenclature, paleontological _______________________________._--__-__.___

notoconstricta, Bairdia--------... ____________________---___--.___- ___ 

Noumea.- -___-__- ....................................... ...........--...-..

Nowata shale -_ . - - - - -

nyei, Bairdia--...__...............................................-... .-....

O 

Oak Grove limestone_____________ _____ ________ -__ -_-_ _- 26

Objective synonyms..___________________________________.___----_------_----- 8-9

oblongata, Bairdianella. _______________ _____- ___-__- --_--_ -- ------ - 62

occidentalis, Bairdia- _____________ _ __ ___________-_--_-_____-__------------- 45, 85

Ohio- - - -- 76

Delaware County_______ __ _______. ___ ------ 36,39,40,41

Muskingum County. .. 56,66,68

Perry County,-. . 38,56,68

22,29 

39,45 

21,29 

51,66 

68,73 

27 

62 

29 

68

45,62 

60,64 

62 

49

29,45 

29,45 

13 

13

31,68 

45,68 

85 

35 

29 

80 

22 

81

35, 74 

79 

79

22,30 

45, 49 

8-10 

39,45 

35 

73 

39,45
102 REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OSTROCODE GENERA

Ohio Continued

Vinton County________._________________.____.____ 60,64 

Okaw limestone. _____...._______._____________ -_ ______ ..._..__ 26

okeni, Leperditia. _ ________________________________________________ 79

Oklahoma,__________________________________________________________ 36,38,39,76,84

Ardmore Basin.__________________________________________ 24,49

Ardmore County._____________________________ ______________________ 49

Carter County. _ __ _ 23,26,30,33, 36, 39, 42,51, 57, 58, 62,63,64, 66, 67, 68, 70, 73 

Craig County.__________________________________________ 39,66,86

Latimer County___.________________________________________ 70

Love County______.--_________________________________________ 49,63,67

Murray County___.____________________________________________ 78,83

Muskogee County.--.--._..._____......___________________________ 60

Pittsburg ------__--______________--.___-______________________._.______ 23

Pontotoc County.. --_-_ _____-._...._.._-_ ____ 30,33,64,66,68,69,80

Seminole County__-----____________._--___-.______-___._._--__-__ 24,33,36, 73

Tulsa County.._.__._...-____---_.._-_.______.____..._._____.__._ 73

oklahomaensis, Bairdia........................................................ 45,66

Orthobairdia.......................................... 42, 43, 45, 46, 51, 65, 66, pi. 3

Olentangy shale.... . .__-__--..__ -- ..._________________ 36,39,40,41

Oligocene, lower .-

Ononda§a limestone.

opima, Bythocypris.--

&ilenites.........

Oread limestone.. 

_.---_-________-.--_.__________________._______,___ 24

 75

_________________________________________________ 73

._--___-._._.----__.-.---____..--_._.__._______,_.. 73

24 

Orthobairdia............................................................ 11,12,15,65

cestriensis-----.-...................... 10, 26,35,36, 42,43, 44, 45, 46, 51, 55, 65, pi. 3

key - -_ .--. . _____ _ _-__. __________ 65

kirki............................................................. 10,43,49,65,66

oklahomaensis............................ _____________ 42, 43, 45, 46, 51, 65, 66, pi. 3

powersi.................................................... 32,42,43,45,65,67,70

stictica................................................................. 46,65,68

subreniformis.---.-------------------------------__--.------._--_.__ 45, 46,65,68

texana.......................................... 35, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46,63, 65, 68, pi. 3

sp. A _____ ______ ____ __ ______ 24,36,43,65,69

sp.B____..._._..____._._________._....________.__.____.____.__._._____ 27,44,69

osorioi, Bairdia....................................................... 27,39,43,45,52

Otter formation....... ____ __ ___ _ _ 34,40, 74

Otterville formation._____________.-_._______.___.____.____________ 42,67

ovata, Bairdia.............................................................. 10,45,85

Cytherina........................................._.........._._........._ 10

Fabalicypris-............................................................. 62

Macrocypris.............................................................. 63

otatus, Bairdiolites.---.-------- __--__-__-_------_______..________________ 70, 71, 72

Pachydomella..... ____________________________________ 11,15, 74, 76, 83, pi. 5

antecedens antecedens. ______________---------_-_-____--._________________ 75

uolfai ti.------------------------........----.-.-........-......._..... 75

clava...--..-------..---.-............-...-........-.---.--......______-_.. 75

dorsoclefta.---------.----------.----....................................... pi. 5

longula......................................................... __________ 75

tumida.........................................................._._____. 76, pi. 5

paffrathensis, Bairdia......................................................... 45, 59

Bairdiacypris.-.--............................._.___...... _____________ 45, 58,59

Paint Creek formation.....__...____________________________________ 34,58,71

Paracypris.................................................................... 51

acuta.. ------_------_---.._-__________-.__________________________________ 35

Paraparchites.-----------------------._._--------__-______----_______________ 77

atcuatus--------.--....--.-.--.-.....--.-.--................_.._......_.._ 85

laeviyatus.--------------------------------------...__-----________________ 79

nigrescens.-...-..-.-.--.-..-........-.........--..-.--.._-._....___.._ 79

parmula, Bairdia-............................................................ 39,45

Cythere (Bairdia)......................................................... 39

Pawnee limestone._.._______________________________ 24,31,60,73

pecki, Bairdia... ________.__________-------__--_-_____.--_.______________ 45,82

Bekena...................................... _________________ 45,82, pi. 6

pecosensis, Bairdia-.-....._....................._.___ _______ 22,30,32,40,44,45, pi. 1

graciosa, Bairdia.-...... _____________________________________ 26,30, 45

pennata, Bairdia........................ ___________________________________ 39,42,45

Pennsylvania. ____________________________________ _......-.-....-.. 74

peracuta, Bairdia.............................. ______________________________ 19,30

perforata, Bairdia- ..._.____.___._._________________________...__...._ 13

pergracilis, Microcheilinella... _____________._.._______._._-._________ 64

perincerta, Ba.rd.a_ ________________________________________________________ 45,67

permagna, Bairdia...................._.............. _____________ 21,30, 46, pi. 2

permiana, Bairdia....................... __________________________ __ 22,30,45, pi. 1

perpleza, Bairdia..............._.... ______________________________________ 45,63

Fabalicypris................._........................................ _ 45,62,63

petiniana, Bairdia...._..............._................_...........____._____ 22,30

Phanassymetria.----------------------------------------------------------- 11

phillipsiana, Bairdia.---------............................................. 13,

pinnula, Bairdia..............................................................

Cryptobairdia _............-........... ..... -.-.-..- .... .. 45,46,

piscis, Bairdia................................................................

Cythere (Bairdia)--..------._._._....................-..............-----.

plana, Fabalicypris-------.... ___-_____-__ _-__-------_---_-_______---

planoconvcxa, Bairdia-..................................................... 13,

Camdenidea--................................ _____________________ 45,84,

Plattsburg formation- __..________-_- ...._..._..---. ____ ...

platypleurus, Bairdiolites.-....................... _____________________ . 70,

Pleasanton shale _ _ _ _ -_--__---- --__ - 23,

plebia alta, Bairdia-,----------------------------------- ............. 23,35,

amygdalina, Bairdia.......................................................

Bairdia-. - - 27,28,30,34,37,40,45,

brevicauda, Bairdia.. ______________________________________________________

Cythere-------- ... .._._---------_...__-___-_- _____-__ ._

caudata, Bairdia------...---.....------------------------------- 22,24,29,

Cythere (Bairdia) ........ ____________________________________

compressa, Bairdia..............................................- 10,43,45,

C_/./iere _ -- -_-_ -- - - -- -- 

(Bairdia)............................................. ___ __ __-

elongafa, Bairdia^...................................................... 10,

grandis, Bairdia........................................................ 27,

Cythere (Bairdia).....................................................

munda, Bairdia--...-.......................... __________ _ ..-.

neptuni, Bairdia- ................................................-. ..

reussianna, Bairdia---..-.-.... ______._.__.___ ........................

rhombica, Bairdia................ .-.............- ..-. -.. ....-----

Cythere (Bairdia)...................................................-.

ventricosa, Bairdia-----.....................................---- ......-.

plebeja, Cythere (Bairdia)..............................................--------

plicatula, Bairdia................... ..-.-.... . .-.--....-------.------

Bekena------------ -----------------------------------------------------

Poland.. - -. - 32,56,63,

Polenova, E. N., quoted..._.._..________-.___.___._.__.-__-------- ...-----

polenovae, Bairdia- ___-- _ _ __ -_---- --------------

polygonata, Bairdia.-.-.-------------------------------------------------------

pompilioides, Bairdia.------------------------------- 19,21,22,30,33,37,44,45,

Pontocyprella.----------------------------------------------------------------

PontocypriS---------------------------------------------------------------- 22,

bosquetiana.--------------------------------------------------------------

mawii-...-- ---- ---- .----- --. ------...............-..... .---.-

Page

, 15,76

77

75,77 

, pi. 5 

45,85 

45,50 

48,50 

22,30

30

62

45,84 

pi. 6

58

7^,72 

63,64 

45,66 

45,48 

pi. 1

45

54 

40,45

24 

49,66

40

40

25,45 

40,45

40

40,45 

29,45 

31,45 

40,45

40 

45,51

40

45,82 

45, S« 

81,82

80

40,45 

40,45 

46,47

13 

79,86

22 

79,80

smithi magnaposneri, Rectobairdia. ..................... ...............---.--. ... ... p. 10, 42, 53, 55

Potamocypris ----------------------------------------------------------------- 13

(Potamocypris) bilobata, Cythere-----------.---.-----.---------.--------------- 37,73

pottsvillensis, Bairdia- -------------------------------------------------------- 45

powersi, Bail dfo -__-------.------ ---------------------------------------- 45, 67

Orthobairdia. --------------------------------------------- 32,42,43,45,65,67,70

praecisa, Bairdia- ------------------------------------------------------------- 45, 50

Cryptobairdia--- ______ _ _.-_ ____ 45,48,50

prantli, Bairdiocypris- __ ___--_ __ ___.-----_____--_...--__--_------. ------- 82,84

Bekena-- . . -..- 82,84

Primary homonymy. _ --_--_-._-_-__-__--_--_--_---_------------------------ 9

problematica, Bairdia .... -................................---.--....-- ------- 13

procerus, Bairdiolites- --------------------------------------------------------- 70,71

ProtoarQilloecia --------------------------------------------------------------- 13

protracta, Bairdia- ................................ ... ---------------------- 13,45,80

Rishona- ............. ........... ...................- ... - . --- 45,80

pruniseminata, Bairdia.. ------------------------------------------------------ 45,69

Pustulobairdia- ------------------------------------------------------ 45, 69, pi. 3

Prussia_-__-_---__ __-_--__ - - _ -- ------------------- ---- 34,85

pseudocestriensis, Bairdia- ...............................-....-.--.--..-------- 45, 86

pseudoglennensis, Bairdia. ...............................----.-..--. 22, 31, 33, pi. 3

pseudomagna, Bairdia.. ------------------------------------------------------- 40, 45

pulchella, Cavellina -..------.............-. ..-.. ....--..----.------------- 84

pulcher, Fabalicypris-.------------------ -------------------------------------- 61,63

Pullvillites- . - - --- ------ 74

Punched cards ___ _--__ - - - 3-6

punctata, Bairdia - .....................-..-.........--.-----.-.--------- - 21, 33, 45

Boi.-d.ac!/pr.«- ------------------------------------------------------------ 6°

punctatella, Bairdia- .........-.........-..... ..-......-...-- -------------- 13

punctulata, Bythocypris... ... ------------------------------------------------- 75

Microcheilinella-------- ... ...............................--.--......------ 75
INDEX 103

Page

punctulata Continued

Tubulibairdia--. ..............----..-.--..... .._-. ._- ...___ 75, pi. 5

Pustulobairdia.---------.___-_-------------------___-_____-_____---___-_._. 11,15,69

keey to. 69

pruniseminata.----------------------------.-... ..................... 45,69, pi 3

spinosa.----------------------.-----------------... ...._................ 46,69

sp. A.__..._____-__-__-___-_---_.--___.......__._____... 46,69

pyrrhae, Bairdia-- ........______.......______......_............ 41, 45, 86

quadraspinosa, Bairdia-- _ _ __ _ .... _____ _ ........ _ -__-.__-_____ 45,84

Basslerella-. --------.----------------- ----..---_--._-__---_-______-____- 45, 84

quadruple,, Phanassymetria _ ______ ________________________ __________ _ _-____._ 77

qualeni, Bairdia---. ................................ _ _______________________ 45, 86

quartziana, Bairdia--------- _______ __ ____ _ __ ___ -_____.- __ _ ... 45, 59

Bairdiacypris- ........ _ _.__ _ --_____- _ ........... _ . _ ..---.-.._ 45, 57,59

quasisymmetrica, Batrdto... -. -.--.-.-. ----.._......................___._ 19, Si

R 

radlerae, Bairdia---- .... _____ ....... ___ ..... _ . _ ---__

rauffi, Bairdiocypris ___ .... __ ___- _ .... ___ __ . _ ... _ .... _ .

recta, Bairdia--- ... __ _ _ .... __ _______ ____ . _ _ __ .__-__-

Cryptobairdia--- _____________________ . ____ ... _ 45, 48,

Rectobairdia-------------.-. ........ .................................. 11, 15,

6.conm_ ___--- - _ ..-_._ _ -_-_ 29,

brevicauda.-. ............. _ ...... ___ __ ... _ ............... _ ..

calceolae, -------- ... ___ . _ . __ ... _ _ __ _ _ _ _ ........ _ __

cultrata. ........... .... ____ _ __ - _______ .... ___ _ ___ _ _ 43,

cultrijugati.- _ .. .. __ _ _ . _ . _ ___ .. _ ... _ . _ _ .......

deformis----- -- ............... . __________ .... __ - ___ .

distressa.---------- .... ...................................... 43, 44, 53,

emaciate --- ---- - -- - _ _ - 43, 53

fragosa-. ----------- - ------------ ... ..................... 43, 53, 54,

hexagona------- ..... ... _ __ __ ... _ . _ ____ ....... _ ____

hextensis------- --------------------------------------------------- 44, 53,

key.

19, Si 

83

45, 50 

, 50, pi. 2 

26, 35, 52 

43,53,54 

43, 45, 54 

43, 53, 54 

53, 54, 59 

43, 52, 54 

43,52,54 

, 54, pi. 2 

, 54, pi. 2 

, 55, pi. 2 

44, 53, 64 

, 55, pi. 2

52-54

korzenewskajae-----------.--.... .._.___._......._...._..._. 44, 53,55

legumen,--.-------- _......_._._.______..._..........___ 42,44,52,55

lepidocentri-----------------------------------._-___-_-___.___._____--_ 44, 53, 55

mongoliensis---------.____ _-_-_-_-_- _____-.____...__._ 44, 52,55

mossolovellaeformis--. _._._______._.________..____________ 45,54,55

posneri---------------- __.__..._...__..________-_-_._.__ 10,42,53,55

saxifraga _.. -__________________________________ 46, 53, 55

schaurothiana-.- _________________.___________________ 38, 46, 53, 55, 56

sinuosa..---.... 35,38,42,44,46,53,55,56

subvexa- .__---._ - -_ -.-____________ ___________ 46, 53, 55

symmetrica.---- _______________________.___ 31,32,45,46, 52,55

tantilla.------------------------------------------------------ 46,54,56

tichomiroi'i-.-... ....______________________..........___ 46,53,56

tikhyi------------------------------------------------------ 10,46,53,56,69

trapezoides-- _...______________..._.________._____.___ _- 54,56

sp. A. . -- -- ----_________.._.-_-.-.-_-- 36,42,52,56

sp. B__-_ -____--____.______.___-.-_.,..___..______________. 38,44,63,55,56

sp. C. . . . .- .................-. 38,44,53,56

sp. D... ....-.. ..... .-...........- - 38,44,53,56

sp. E--. ----- ----- - ----_-_-_____________._..___..-- 46,53,55,56

sp. F.-. -- .--- -.._--. - ......-...- ------ 46,52,53,56,59

sp. G- .__________ __. . .-.-.-.............................. 46,53,55,56

sp. H----- .-............................................... 31,46,53,57

regularis, Bairdia- ____ _ ________________________. ____._-__. _ 21,Si

Fabalicypris _.__ ___...___.__.__._____________________________ 61, OS

Reversocypris--.-- _________________________________-_____ -__ _ 80,81

Samarella------... _.._...___.________________________________ 81

Renault formation____________________________________.. 26, 28, 29,66, 71

renauJtensis, Bairdia ______________________________...... __________ 22, 29,45

reniformis, Bairdia --- ___...__..__.....______________________________ 45, 68

Cythere--- .____._________________ 68

reussiana, Bairdia----.- __.._________________._ 21, 29,Si, 32, 45, 46, 55, 57

Bairdia plebia _.___________________________________________ 31,45

Bythocypris---.... _____ _____._._____________________________ 22

Cythere,- ____.__._________________________..____ 31, 41

ischimbajevensis, Bairdia - ________________________ _ ___- __ ______ 41, 46

Reversocypris--- ______________________________________________________________ 76,80

klukovicensis---.-... _________..._______ _ _______________________ 80,81

rtgularis--------- ____.._________________________________________ 80,81

rhenana, Bairdiocypris. ___________________________________ 84

Bekena----------... _________.__...______._._______________________ 82,84

Bythocypris (Bairdiocypris}----------------------------------------------- 82

rhombica, Bairdia plebia--.. _....._.___._______"_____________.__.._..___._._____ 40, 45

Cythere (Bairdia) plebia-- ___..___.________._____.....____ 40

rhomboidalis, Bairdia,--..........__.. . . . _._ ... 21, 30, 31

rhcmboidea, Bairdia- _. _-_-__ -- -- -_--_- 10,41-.

Cryptobairdia----- ........... -------- 46.

Cythere (Bairdia)..... .... _-_ .-_._ ._ 

Rishona- ...........__-------____-... . ...-- ..... 11,15

Page

,PL 1

, 46, 51

', 48, 51 

41,51

i, 79,86

, pi. 5 

43,79

, Pi. 5 

44,79

, Pi. 4 

79,80 

80

45,80 

80 

80 

SO

76-81 

21, S2

: , 58,59 

74,82 

74,82 

4i,46 

46,62 

62

4_,46 

CO, 63

i, 62, 6S 

38,44 

74 

73,74

30,31,

bassleri------- .... ... 79

distracta.-------.....- . - - -_- - 

epicypha---------------... 26,43,44,79

laemgata.------.... - - -

magna--.-----------------------------------------------------------

mawii.-..---- ----- --- ------ - --.- -------------

(libbera.---- -- _- -- ----_ - --- - -- ----

protracta-.------------------------------------_ - ------

smithii---- --- - - ---------- - 

viluensis------------ - ....

sp. A --. ..- -- -----------------------------------------------

Rishonidae--------_- -_----_-_-- _ . ..-_-. . -

rjabinini, Bairdia. __._--- - -.--. .._-- 

robusta, Bairdiacypris------ - _-__- _-_ - - - -_..- 43, 54

Bekena-.- ... ... ------- _-_-_--_ ---------- -.._-_-

robustus, Silenites-- ___._ -....---... -------- _ _-_-

rockfordensis, Bairdia__-___-__---_-_-_- _ _-_. .-_- 

rogatzi, Bairdia---------------------------------------------------------

Fabalicypris--------------------------------------------------------

rostrata, Bairdia..-------------------------------------------------------

rotundata, Bairdiacypris-------------------------------------------------

Fabalicypris------- .-_ ------------------ - ..- ... 60

roundyi, Bairdia--------------------------------------------------------------

rudolphi, Bythocypris------------------------- ------- ___-_-_-_-____ 

Silenites- ______ ___ ____--__--__-___ .-.-.-. .... .-... 

Russia 22,24,25,26,27,28,29,

32, 33,35, 37,40,41,42,48,52, 54, 55, 56, 57,59,60,64,68, 73, 79,80,81, 82,85,86

S 

St. David limestone.. -_-- _.- - - --- -------- - ._-__-__- 73

Salem limestone- . 30,49,52,54,58,63,66,73

salemensis, Bairdia__.__ _ _______ ___.- _-_ _-__--- _- ___-__-_- 21,30, 46

salteriana, Bairdia-------------------------------- .... ... 13,46,86

Samarella--------------------------------------------------------- 11,15,76,80

crassa.-- _________._________ .___. .-________---_ 80,Si 

regularis....________---- ------- ------- ---- --- Si

samplei, Bairdia- ......... . -. . 21,23,46

sarsi, Macrocypris_____------------__._ --------- -_.____-. 22

Sasakwa member, Holdenville formation_..________________ 24,33,36,75

sasakwaensis, Bythocypris.--. ___..... ... ._ - - 73

saxifraga, Bairdia------------------------------------------------------------ 46, 55

Pectobairdia-... ______-.._____----_-_-_--_-_---_--_---__- -._______ 46,55

scapha, Bairdia-------------- - ...... ..-_-_-_-_--__-_------ _- 46,86

schaurothiana, Bairdia-... ....--._-------- -_-_-_ _ __- 38,46,55,56

Cythere (Bairdia)- ------------------------------------------------------ 55,56

Pectobairdia ---------------------------------------------- 38,46,53,55

Schneider, quoted. ___ _-____ _-___ -_-_ - -- - - - --- 57

scholli, Bairdia-- ----- ---- --- -- 46,50,68

Scotland 24, 32, 33,34,36,39,49, 50, 51, 52, 54, 56, 59, 64, 86

Secondary homonymy ______ ___--.-..._______-_______ _ _________ __-____- 9

Sedwick limestone, shale below-.....---.-.---.-.------ -....---...---------- 23, 68

s eider adensis, Bairdia.--.------------------------------------------------------ 19,32

seligi, Bairdia. ----------------------------------------------------------- 21,23, 46

semihmulata, Bairdia--------------------------------------------------------- 4i>46

seminalis, Bairdia---.---------------------------------------------- 23,46,51,66.67

Cryptobiardia----- -- - . - 42,46,48,5i

Senescella-- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 76

marginaspinata----.-..._______-_-_-_ __-_--__-- ._. _-_-_.-____- 76

Seville limestone.. 22,23,27,56,60,63,64,73

Shawnee group._ - ___ - ___----____-_------_ 50

Shelllimestone- 24,25,29,49,51,52,54

Shetlerville member, Renault formation.._____________.______.--_-____ 29, 71

shideleri, Bairdia- - 46,63,64

Bairdiacypris--- - - -. - 46,60,63,64

Bythocypris -------------------- ___---_-______ --____________---------- 57

Fabalicypris- 46, 57, 59, 61,63,64, pi. 3

fi__?no&ajrdza___ - _ -______ ___ -- - ------ --- Si

Shoal Creek zone __-______- -_____________-_-___---- ___--------- ------ 49

Shumway cyclothem__... . _ ..... --...- 25, 34,41,50,58,60,89

Shumway zone________________________________________--____--______-__---- 50

Silenis- ----- -- - .. 76,79

subtriangulata-------- ________._--______--________---_____------------- 79

Silenites-- . ... -. .-- --.- 11,15,72,81

asymmetrica- -.- ___..____.__.__-_-_-.--___-____. 72,73

bilobatus-- . ... ........ 42,73,74
104 REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OSTROCODE GENERA

Silenites Continued 

fabalis----.... _.

gray

Page

44,74

key____________________________________________________ 72

lenticularis____________________________________________ 73,pi.4

ma._7n!./eras-- _______- --_- _ __________________ __________________ 73, 74

op.ma_ _________________________________________________ 73

robustuS- --___ ---_- _________-_______ _____________________________ 74,82

rudolphi. ___________________________________________________ 73,74

silenus..... ______________________________________ 72,73, 74, pi. 4

sy mmetricus -. ........................................................... 74

toa«jw___________________________________________________________________ 74

ware.. ___________________________________________ 72, 73, 74

silenus, Silenites ______________________________________________ 72, 73, 74, pi. 4

siliqua minor, Ba.r<-.a___________________._____________________________________ 13

siliquoides, Bairdia----- _____________________________________________ 46,86

sinensis, Bairdia- _____________________________________________________________ 42

singularis, Bairdia- ___________________________________________________ 46,51

Cryptobairdia-.- _____________________________________ 37,46,48, 61

sinosa, Bairdia.- _________________________________________________ 10,46,55,66

Pectobairdia-..- _____________________________ 35,38,42,44,46,53,55,56

smithi magna, Pon.ocj/pns-___________________________________________________ 80

smithii, Pontocypris...... _______________________________________________ 80

Rishona- ___________________________________________________________ 80

Snlabar limestone member, Herta formation...,.___________________________ 63

sohni, Bairdia-- __________________________________ 19, 25,3.., 43

South Bend shale________________________________________ 26,51

Spinobairdia- _________________________.__________________________ 11,15,8.7

kellettae....... ___________________________________ 8f,pl.6

shideleri.... _____________________________________________________ 81

spinosa, Bairdia- _________________________________________________ 10,46,56,69

Pustulobairdia- ___________________________________________________________ 46,69

Spring Creek limestone_______________________________________ 66

Spring Hill limestone member, Plattsburg formation. ___ ______________ 58

Stampian__-------------__-----------_______________________________________ 24

Stanton limestone.____________________________________________ 28,31,49, 51,68

Steusloffina. __________________________________________________________________ 13,84

cuneata- _______________________________________________________ 43,84,pi.6

ulrichi- ___________________________________________________________________ 84

stictica, Bairdia- __________________________________________________ 46,68

Orthobairdia- ____________________________________________________ 46,65,68

Stoner limestone-_.___________________________________________________________ 49

Stranger formation.__________________________________________________ 60

Stratigraphic range of Bairdia_______________________________________________ 12-17

subaequalis, Bairdia-........ ________________________________________________ 46,63

Fabalicypris. _____________________________________________ 46,62,63

subampla, Bairdia. ____________________________________________________ 21,26,46

subcitriformis, Bairdia............................. _________________________ 21,31,46

subconve.ra, Bairdia_ __________________________________________________________ 46, 50

subcylindrica, Bairdia-........ ___________________________________ 10, 21,32,46,86

Cythere ______________________________________________________________ 32

subelongata, Bairdia ... ___._____________________________ 4_\ 46,52, 56, 59, 60, 62, 64

Bairdiacypris. _______________________________________________ 46,52,57,59,64

major, Bairdia.-.--....-............................._..........._........ 46, 59

subequalis, Bairdia. _________________________________________________________ 46, 63

subdeltoidea, Bairdia- _-- ... ____________________________________ 40

Cytherina.. -----------------------.-- -.-- -- .-.- -----_-_.__._.___ 40

subeHiptica, Fahalicypris.-------.-- ---------------------------- ............ 61,63

suhfusiformis, Bairdia.... -_____.______________________________________ 19, 31,38, 46

subgracilis, Bairdia--..-..-.--..-....... _______________________ ___________ 46, 51, 52

Cryptobairdia-- _____________________________________________ 38, 44, 46, 48, 5f

Subjective synonyms________________-_.__ _______________________________ 8-9

submucronata, Bairdia- _____________________________________________ 19,33,34, 46

subovata, Monsmirabilia.-.........-..--..,..-....-...- ________________________ 13

subparallela, Bairdia-... __----__-__-_---___,______.___________________________ 41, 46

subquadrata, Bairdia--.-.---.-.- .-.-.-...-.-...-...-.-...-.-.-.............. 41, 46

subreniformis, Bairdia _____________________________________________________ 46

Cythere--.------..-.....-.--... ___________________________________ 68

Orthobairdia- ______________________________________________________ 45, 46, 65, 68

subrounda, Ba.rdia_---___.____________________________________________________ 42

subroundata, Bairdia.-. ___________________________________________________ 46, 86

subtila, Bairdia----....... _____________________________._____________ 28,46,51

subtila, Cryptobairdia-----------.-.-.-.....----- ______________________ 28,46,48,5^

subtilla, Bairdia................. ___________________________________________ 21,28,46

subtriangulata, Silenis.........-...-...................----.-......._--_-__.___ 79

subvexa, Bairdia-.-......... ___--_--_--_-_________________._______________ 46,50,55

Pectobairdia____-_-_._____.._..______________________________ 46, 53,55

summa, Bairdia..... . ___________________________________ 19,3.., 46, 50

summacuminata, Bairdia....-......................----.___________________ 19, 29, 46

Page 

Summary of Bairdia... ....... ______ __ ___ __ _._ _---.__ 17-19

Swope formation._____-___---_._ __ __ ___ __ ___ _ 49

Sylamore sandstone----________-__ _._-___ .___ 49,54

symmetrica, Bairdia....................-.-.--.-.------.-.-.---.--------- 10,25,46, 55

Pectobairdia,- .-. 31,32,45,46,52,55

symmetricus, Silenites---------------..---.-.--.---.-.---.-.---- -...-------.- 74

Synonyms _____ _._ ______.__-__---_-.___ ___ ___ -_-___ 8-9

Synonymy, discussion of_______ ___ _____---.-.--__ __ ---_-__-____-. 8-9

Systematic descriptions____________ _. _ _.--_.___ ___----__-__- 11-86

tantilla, Bairdia.

46,

Tennessee- ... ____________ __ ___ _-___ __ ___ _._____.-_.

Davidson County- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ __ _

Decatur County __ __.-__--_------_----.- _ . - - 

Newson_ ___--------- ---_-------------------_-_-- ----- ---_----- - -

tenuis, Bairdiolites - - ------------- -... ......... ... ... ... ________ .-__--_____.

FabalicypriS- ----------------------- ... ___ __ _____________________

tenuisulcata, Bairdiocypris clava-. ... .__-_____ .--_ ... _________________

Tubulibairdia- ________ _ _________ _ _____________ __ ... ___ ._. _ __ _

terebra, Bairdia..... - . -. -.- .----.- -.-. 21,

Bairdia curta. ....... ... -.-----.--.-------------.--..----------------.....

texana, Bairdia- ___ ___________ --_.--_-__--_-_ _____.-_ _____________

Bythocypris.. ..... .......... .-.....-.-.-...-.- ... .. ... ... ... ..............

Orthobairdia.. -- 35,42,43,44,45,46,63,65,68,

texanus, Silenites ... .....---..... ........... ... __-_--___.- __ _______-.

Texas..-.. -------------------------------------- -------------------

46, 56 

54,56 

84 

81 

75 

81

70,7.7 

61,64 

76,84 

76,84 

30,43 

32, 43 

46,68 

74

pi. 3

74

69,84

Baylor County. _ --___ __ . ___ _______ 84

Brewster County. - -- . ---- - --------- 32,68,69

Coleman County. ______ _ _-.______ __ --------- . . .-___._ 23,68

Eastland Coanty___ __.-..- . - . -- --.- 23,27,32,55,62,66

Glass Mountains- _._--_____-_--_---_-_--------_-_--_-__-------------__-__ 30,69

Guadalupe Mountains __ __- ___ _ _ ... __ . _______ 30

Irion County..-------------. --------- ----.-------- -- 30

MenardCounty - 24,26,27,29,30,49,50,55,60,62,66,68,74

Palo Pinto County. - - - 23,39,51,62,66,67

Pecos County. __.----------------_--------------------------------------_ 30,63

Schleicher County.... . _ 24

Young County. _---_-----.-_-_-_-----------------.----- 23,26,27,50,63,68,72,74

tichomirovi, Bairdia .... 46, 56

Pectobairdia- - _-__--_-___--_-_____-__--__-__ _ ____ _ _____ 46,53,56

tikhyi, Bairdia-- __ _ -_ - - - -- - 46, 56

Pectobairdia .-.. .------- -. 10,46,53,56,69

Time, geologic _ __-_-_-____-__---_-_. _-_--__--_-_ ___ ------------------ 16

tokmovoensis, Bairdia.... -------.----.--.-.-. ---------------------------------- 22,3$

transversa, Bythocypris-... -------------------------------------------- -------- 83

transversus, Bairdiocypris ...... ... _.___.. ___ _-_ ___-_---_-__- -_--__ 83, pi. 6

trapezoidalis, Bairdiocypris- -_.- - _ - - - - - 84

trapezoides, Beecherella- ----------------------------------------------------- 56

Pectobairdia- ------------------------------------------------------------- 54, 56

Triebelina ... _-_----__-_---------_-_---_------_--_---_-----------_---_--------_ 36

triserrata, Phanassymetria. _ _ _______________ _______-__-___-_-__-- _ ___

Trivoli limestone. __ ___-_.__ _ __-._ __ _. _ _____--__-_._ ______ ____

trojana, Bairdia.- _--___-_-_-__ _ _.______________-___-___-__-___--- _______

Bairdiacypris..- ---.-- -- - --------------- 46,57,

truncata, Bairdia-..--.------.-----------.-.-----------------.----.--------- 35,

Cythere.....- ..--. -.--- . -. 

tuberculata, Bairdia. -..--- ----.-.-.--..-.-----.-----------------------.-----

Tubulibairdia 11,15,74,83,

anteeedens antecedenswolfarti-----. _ .

clava- _ _ -_ 

fecunda - - ------- - ------- - --- - - - --- - -----------

longula- -_---_-----------------. --_ - --- -- -- -----

piLnctulata.. . -.-----------.--.-.- -. --- ---..---------------- 75,

tenuisulcata.- -------------------------------------------------------------

tubulifera-------- -.- ... --------------- __ -_ _ _ _ 74,

Tubulibairdia sp..... ------------------------------------------------------ 75,

tubulifera, Tubulibairdia ... 74,

tumida, Bairdia. 10,14,19,24,

Pachydomella--------------------------------------------- - ------- 76,

U

ulrichi, Steusloffina ____ ___________-__--_____--___- _ ___ __ .__ __ ------__. 84

Uncertain family position __ _ _ ___ _ ___________ __ ___.--. --- -__ 81-84

unica, Bairdia _ ________ _____________ ________ _____-_- - _ --- _-- 4^>46

76,77

55,63

46,60

59,60

46,56

56

51

pi. 5 

75

75, 84 

75 

75 

75 

75

75,84 

75

pi. 5 

76,84 

pi. 5 

pi. 5 

, pi. 5 

46,86 

pi. 5
INDEX 105

Page 

Union Dairy limestone __ ____ _ ______ __ ________ 23,26,30,33,51,57,58,68

Unnamed family __ . _ _ _ _____ _ _____ ___ _____ . _______ _ __ __ 74-76

Upolu_ ___.____________._._ _______________._____________-_______-____________ 35

7-8

, pi. 1

12

82,84

V 

Variation, individual. ___________________________ _ ____________________

Varicobairdia kettneri ______________________________________________________ 12,

(Varicobairdia) kettneri, Bairdia_...... ___ _ _ __________ _ ____________________

vastus, Bairdiocypris.-... ... . ... ....... ... _______ __ _________________________

Bekena.-.. ... ... . ........ ... ... ________ ________ _____ __ _____ __

ventricosa, Bairdia-- _ __________________________________________________ 46,47,

Bairdia plebia ... _________________ _ __________ _ _____________________ _ _

Cryptobairdia __ ... ... ... .... ... ______________ _ ___________________ 45, 46,

verwiebei, Bairdia- ___________ _ ______________ _ ______________ _ _ _ _____ 22,

Vienna formation..-. _ _______________ _ ... _ _._.._______ _ _ ____________

Vilas shale..__ _________________ __ ____ _ ___ _ _ _ __________________________

villosa, Bairdia-- ______________________________________________________________

viluensis, Bythocypris . _______________________________________________________

Rishona.. ... ______________________________ _ _ _ _________________________

Vinland member, Stranger formation_________________________________________

Virgillian series- __ ____ _ ____-_-_-_ _ ____ _ _______________________________

polaformis, Bairdia- ___________________________________________________________

vulgaris, Bairdiolites . . __________ _ ____________________________________________

W 

wabashensis, Bairdia. -_____-_-_-_--_-______-_-_------_-_________--_-__-__-_-_. 47, 8fi

\Vakarusalimestone_________-___--____________ _ ____________________________ 30,50

Waldron shale______ ___ __________________ _ _ __ _ ___ _ _________________ 84

Wales_ ______________________________________________ --_-________-_-__-_-_-___ 32

49,51

45,51

48, 51

3,., 47

64

22, 63

12

80

80

60

50

47,86

70, 71

warthini, Bairdia______-__________________________. 47,64

Fabalicypris-............................................... 44,47,50, 62, 64, pi. 3

Wayland shale.-_-_---_-_--_--_-- -- . 23,27,32,50,55,62,63,66,68,72,74 

Weashale_----.- --- --- - - ---- ------ --------_ 23

Webaunsee group_----______________________-._.__--._________ 50

Wenlock limestone.---------------------------------------------------------- 85

Weiilock shale ----____...__-__-__________.__--__--______________-_ 80

Westerville limestone..-.--_-_____-----___--__-----_-----__-__________________ 23

Weston shale-_-.._._____________________.____...____..._ 24,31

u'etumkaensis, Fabalicypris......... ___________________________________________ 62, 64

Wewoka formation. _______________________._____._... 64,66,68

Whipplella ----- - -- 77

whitesidei, Bairdia-......................... S,21,23, 27, 31, 33, 42,43, 45, 49, 54, pis. 1,2

whortani, Bairdia............ ______________________________________ 47,50,pi. 2

Widder beds . -. - - -___--__--______-_._.________ 29

Wiley cyclothem______._..________._______-_-_--.___________-____--..________ 64

wileyensis, Fabalicypris. _ _-___-_________-___-__--_________---------________ 60,61,64

Windom member, Moscow formation .___________________.--_.--.__...___ 80

Winterset limestone_____________.__...____.... _._.___.__ 25,31

wolfarti, Pachydomella antecedens _________________________________________ 75

Tiifnilibairdia antecedens - _____________________._____________________ 75

Woodbury cyclothem____ _____________________.._______________________ 23

Woodbury zone.------------------------------------------------------------- 50

Word formation.___________ _______________-__-_.__-_______-_-_----_ 30,31,32,68,69

wordensis, Bairdia. _________________________________________________ 47,69

Ceratobairdia.-.-..................... _____________________ 47, 69, pi. 4

Wrefordformation ...... .........-- --- . .... 23,25,28,29,30,33,55,68

wrefordtnsis, Bairdia-.................____.________________ 21,23,47

Wyoming, Fremont County__ ____________________________________________ 36,37,39

Y

PLATES 1-6
PLATE 1

[Except where noted, all magnifications are approximately X 30; except where noted, all photographs are by N. W. Shupe]

FIGURES 1-3. Varicobairdia kettneri Pokorny, 1950. (p. 12).

Right, dorsal, and left views of carapace. Topotype USNM 133206, red marly coral limestone, Middle Devonian, Czechoslovakia. 

4, 5, 7, 8, 11-14. Bairdia beedei Ulrich and Bassler, 1906. (p. 23).

4, 5. Dorsal and right views of carapace. B. ciscoensis Harlton, 1927, "cotype," USNM 71719, shale below

Sedwick limestone, Texas.

7, 8. Dorsal and right views of carapace. Holotype USNM 35634, Cottonwood shale, Kansas. 

11-14. Ventral and right views of two carapaces. The specimen illustrated by figs. 13 and 14 is an artificial 

steinkern made by dissolving the shell with dilute acid. Figured specimens USNM 119722, 119723, FJorena 

shale, Kansas, USGS 5882. 

6. Bairdia hispida? Harlton, 1928. (p. 27).

Right view of carapace. Paratype USNM 72246, Cisco formation, Texas. 

9, 10, 15, 16. Bairdia grahamensis Harlton, 1928. (p. 26).

9, 10. Right and ventral views of carapace. Holotype USNM 72243, Graham formation, Texas.

15, 16. Dorsal and right views of carapace. B. menardensis Harlton, 1929, "cotype" USNM 80587, Canyon

group, Texas. 

17, 18. Bairdia crassa Harlton, 1929 (p. 24).

Dorsal and right views of carapace. Lectotype, original of Harlton's fig. 3a, USNM 80589, Canyon group,

Texas. 

19-21. Bairdia leguminoides Ulrich, 1891 (p. 29).

Left, ventral, and right views of carapace; note broken posterior. Holotype USNM 41788, Hamilton group,

New York. 

22-25. Bairdia pecosensis Delo, 1930 (p. 30).

22. Outside view of right valve, B. aff. B. plebia Reuss. Girty, 1908, original of Girty's illustration USNM 118158.

Permian, Guadalupe Mountains, Tex. 

23-25. Dorsal, right, and ventral views of carapace. B. permiana Hamilton, 1942. Holotype USNM 110236,

Middle Permian, Glass Mountains, Tex. 

26, 27. Bairdia rhomboidalis Hamilton, 1942 (p. 31).

Dorsal and right views of carapace. Holotype USNM 110236, Middle Permian, Glass Mountains, Tex. All 

Hamilton's types are on a faunal slide with the same number. 

28, 29. Bairdia hassi Sohn, n. sp. (p. 27).

Dorsal and right views of carapace. B. garrisonensis Upson. Kellett, 1934, holotype USNM 89480, original of

Kellett's figs. 5a, b. Elmdale formation, Kansas. 

30, 31. Bairdia whitesidei Bradfield, 1935 (p. 33).

Right views of two right valves X 25. Originals of Sohn's (1956) figs. 3 and 5. 30, outside view of valve 

converted to calcium fluoride, transmitted light; note muscle scars, USNM 119206, photograph by J. A. 

Denson; 31, right valve, untreated, calcium carbonate, USNM 119207. Deese formation, Texas. 

32-36. Bairdia girtyi Sohn, n. name (p. 26).

32. 34-36. Left, right, dorsal, and tilted left views of corroded carapace. Paratype USNM 119724.

33. Right view of carapace. Lectotype USNM 119725, Fayetteville shale, Arkansas. USGS loc. 5553 green.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 330 PLATE 1

BAIRDIA AND VARICOBAIRDIA
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 330 PLATE 2

28

BAIRDIACYPRIS AND GENERA OF THE BAIRDIA GROUP
PLATE 2

[Except where noted, all magnifications are approximately X 30; except where noted, all photographs are by N. W. Shupe]

FIGURES 1,2. Cryptobairdia forakerensis (Kellett), 1934 (p. 50).

Dorsal and right views of carapace. B. whortani Kellett, 1935, paratype USNM 90097, Kanwaka shale, Kansas. 

3-5. Rectobairdia distressa (Geis), 1940 (p. 54).

Right, left, and dorsal views of carapace. Figured specimen USNM 90880, Spergen limestone, Harrodsburg, Ind. 

6, 7. Cryptobairdia recta (Harlton), 1929 (p. 50).

Dorsal and right views of carapace. Holotype USNM 80590, Canyon group, Texas. 

8-10. Bairdiacypris bedfordensis (Geis), 1923 (p. 58).

Dorsal, right, and ventral views of carapace. Figured specimen USNM 1W726, Spergen limestone, Indiana. USGS

loc. 7698 green. 

11-13. Bairdiacypris curvis (Cooper), 1941 (p. 58).

Right, dorsal, and ventral views of carapace. Holotype Illinois Geol. Survey (not numbered), Paint Creek formation, Illinois. 

14, 15. Rectobairdia? emaciata (Kesling and Kilgore), 1952 (p. 54).

Dorsal and right views of carapace. Topotype USNM 133207, Genshaw formation, Michigan. 

16-19. Cryptobairdia coryelli (Roth and Skinner), 1931 (p. 49).

Right, ventral, posterior, and dorsal views of carapace, converted to calcium fluoride in order to show pores. Figured

specimen USNM 119727, Deese formation, Oklahoma. USGS loc. 12846 blue. 

20-24. Bairdia permagna Geis, 1932 (p. 30).

20. Thin section at anterior quarter of greatest length of a small specimen, anterior view. USNM 119728.

21. Right view of carapace, young growth stage. Figured specimen USNM 119729.

22-24. Dorsal, right, and left views of mature carapace. Figured specimen USNM 119730, Salem limestone, 

Indiana. USGS loc. 7698 green.

25. Rectobairdia? hextensis (Harlton), 1929 (p. 55).

Right view of carapace. Holotype USNM 80586, Canyon group, Texas.

26. Rectobairdia? fragosa (Morey), 1935 (p. 54).

Right view of carapace. Holotype Univ. Missouri colln. OS-1004-3, Sylamore sandstone, Missouri. 

27, 28. Cryptobairdia hoffmanae (Kellett), 1943 (p. 50).

Ventral and right views of carapace. Holotype USNM 89478, Americus limestone, Kansas.

29. Bairdiacypris cf. B. deloi Bradfield, 1935 (p. 58).

Thin section, anterior view X 110. USNM 119731, Hoxbar formation, Oklahoma. USGS loc. 6599 blue. Photograph by J. A. Denson.

30. Bairdia whitesidei Bradfield, 1935 (p. 33).

Thin section through carapace, anterior view X 85. USNM 119732, Deese formation, Oklahoma. USGS loc. 12845 

blue. Photograph by J. A. Denson.
PLATE 3

[Except where noted, all magnifications are approximately X 30; except where noted, all photographs are by N. W. Shupe]

FIGURES 1-5. Bairdiacypris deloi Bradfield, 1935 (p. 58).

1-4. Dorsal, left, ventral, and right views of carapace. Holotype Indiana Univ. colln. 2018. 

5. Dorsal view of carapace. Paratype Indiana Univ. colln. 2054, Hoxbar formation, Oklahoma. 

6-8. Fabalicypris shideleri (Delo), 1930 (p. 63).

Ventral, dorsal, and right views of carapace. Holotype USNM 81786. Pennsylvanian or Permian, well, 1365-1375

ft, Pecos County, Tex. 

9, 10. Fabalicypris glennensis (Harlton), 1927 (p. 62).

Ventral and right views of carapace. Holotype USNM 71407, Glenn formation, Oklahoma. 

11, 12. Bairdia pseudoglennensis Sohn, n. sp. (p. 31).

Dorsal and lateral views of left valve. Original of Kellett's fig. 4a, holotype USNM 90095, Elmdale formation,

Kansas. 

13-21. Orthobairdia oklahomaensis (Harlton), 1927 (p. 66).

13, 14. Right and dorsal views of carapace. Bairdia dornickhillensis Harlton, 1929; cotype USNM 79372.

15. Right view of carapace. B. dornickhillensis, second cotype on same slide. Dornick Hills formation, Oklahoma.

16-19. Dorsal and right views of two carapaces. Measured specimens, USNM 119733, 119734, Deese formation,

Oklahoma. USGS 12845 blue.

20, 21. Dorsal and right views of carapace. Holotype, USNM 71409, Glenn formation, Oklahoma. 

22, 23. Pustulobairdia pruniseminata (Sohn), 1954 (p. 69).

Ventral and right views of carapace. Holotype USNM 118400, Middle Permian, Glass Mountains, Tex. 

24-27. Orthobairdia cestriensis (Ulrich), 1891 (p. 65).

24-26. Right, dorsal and left views of carapace. Lectotype USNM 41789, Chester shale, Kentucky. 

27. Right view of carapace. Bairdia cestriensis var. granulosa Girty, 1910, type specimen USNM 119735, Basal 

Fayetteville shale, Arkansas. USGS loc. 5550A green.

28. Fabalicypris warthini (Bradfield), 1935 (p. 64).

Thin section, posterior view X 73; note dorsal overhang. USNM 119736, Deese formation, Oklahoma USGS 

loc. 12846 blue. Photograph by J. A. Denson.

29. Orthobairdia texana (Harlton), 1927 (p. 68).

Thin section through carapace, posterior view; note inner lamella. USNM 119737, Deese formation, Oklahoma.

USGS 12846 blue. 

30-32. Ceratobairdia dorsospinosa Sohn, 1954 (p. 69).

Right, posterior, and ventral views of carapace. Holotype USNM 118391, Middle Permian, Glass Mountains, Tex.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 330 PLATE 3

32

BAIRDIACYPRIS, FABALICYPRIS, AND GENERA OF THE BAIRDIA GROUP
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 330 PLATE 4

19 20

SILENITES, BAIRDIOLITES, CERATOBAIRDIA, AND RISHONA
PLATE 4

[Except where noted, all magnifications are approximately X 30; except where noted, all photographs are by N. W. Shupe]

FIGURES 1, 2. Silenites silenus Coryell and Booth, 1933 (p. 74).

Dorsal and right views of carapace. Holotype, Columbia Univ. colln. 27565, Wayland shale, Texas. 

3. Silenites lenticularis (Knight), 1928 (p. 73).

Right view of carapace. Kellett's figured specimen pi. 17, fig. 9e, USNM 93532, Elmdale formation, Kansas. 

4-7. Bairdiolites ardmorensis (Harlton), 1929 (p. 70).

Dorsal, left, ventral, and right views of carapace. Holotype USNM 79391, Dornick Hills formation, Oklahoma. 

8-17. Ceratobairdia wordensis (Hamilton), 1942 (p. 69).

8-11. Dorsal, inside, outside, and ventral views of right valve. Topotype USNM 119738. 

12, 13. Right and ventral views of carapace. Topotype USNM 119739.

14-17. Outside, ventral, dorsal, and inside of left valve. Topotype USNM 119740, Middle Permian, Glass Mountains, Tex. 

18-21. Rishona? magna (Roth), 1929 (p. 80).

Ventral, left, posterior, and right, views of carapace. Figured specimen USNM 133208, Haragan shale, one-half a 

mile southeast of White Mound, Murphy County, Okla.
PLATE 5

[Except where noted, all magnifications are approximately X 30; except where noted, all photographs are by N. W. Shupe]

FIGURES 1-4. Rishona bassleri Sohn, n. sp. (p. 79).

1, 2. Left and posterior views of carapace. Holotype USNM 133209. Gotlandian, near Klinkham, Gotland.

Collected by C. Schuchert. 

3, 4. Posterior and right views of crushed carapace. Paratype USNM 133210; same locality as above.

5. Phanassymetria sp. (p. 76).

Radiograph through inside of a fragment of a left valve. Figured specimen USNM 133211, Henryhouse formation, 

Oklahoma. USNM loc. 482c.

6. Tubulibairdia tubulifera Swartz, 1936 (p. 74).

Outside view of a rubber squeeze of a left valve. Holotype USNM 941954, Middle Devonian, Pennsylvania.

7. Tubulibairdia punctulata (Ulrich), 1891 (p. 75).

Radiograph through interior of left valve. Topotype (?) USNM 133212, "Onondaga" limestone, Falls of the Ohio, 

Ky.

8. Pachydomella tumida Ulrich, 1891 (p. 76).

Radiograph through interior of left valve. Topotype (?) USNM 133213, "Onondaga" limestone, Falls of the 

Ohio, Ky.

9. Pachydomella cf. P. dorsoclefta Swain, 1953 (p. 76).

Radiograph through outside of left valve. Topotype USNM 133214, Camden chert, Tennessee. 

10, 11. Tubulibairdia punctulata (Ulrich), 1891 (p. 75).

Left and ventral views of carapace. Paratype USNM 48123a, "Onondaga" limestone, Falls of the Ohio, Ky.

12. Tubulibairdia sp. (p. 75).

Thin section through carapace; posterior view X 50; note tubules. Section made by J. M. Berdan, polaroid 

photograph by R. C. Douglass. Manlius limestone, New York. Yale Peabody Museum 5244/126k.

13. Microcheilinella distorta (Geis), 1932 (p. 75).

Thin section through carapace; posterior view X 75. Polaroid photograph by writer. USNM 119741, Salem

limestone, Indiana. USGS loc. 7697 green. 

14-17. Tubulibairdia punctulata (Ulrich), 1891 (p. 75).

Posterior, right, dorsal, and ventral views of carapace. Holotype USNM 41823, "Onondaga" limestone, Falls of

the Ohio, Ky. 

18-21. Pachydomella tumida Ulrich, 1891 (p. 76).

Ventral, posterior, right, and dorsal views of a damaged carapace. Holotype USNM 41824, "Onondaga?" limestone, Falls of the Ohio, Ky. 

22-26. Rishona epicypha (Kesling and Kilgore), 1955 (p. 79).

22, 23. Ventral and right views of carapace. Paratype USNM 133215. 

24, 25. Dorsal and left views of carapace. Holotype Univ. Michigan 28024.

26. Thin section through carapace X 50, anterior view. Photograph by J. A. Denson. Topotype USNM loc. 

133216, Genshaw formation, Michigan.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 330 PLATE 5

23

RISHONA, PACHYDOMELLA, AND RELATED GENERA
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 330 PLATE 6

BEKENA, BAIRDIOCYPRIS, SPINOBAIRDIA, AND MISCELLANEOUS GENERA
PLATE 6

[Except where noted, all magnifications are approximately X 30; except where noted, all photographs are by N. W. Shupe]

FIGUEES 1-5. Cribroconcha sp. (p. 7).

1-3. Right, posterior, and dorsal views of carapace. Figured specimen USNM 119742.

4. Right view of carapace from which part of the shell material was removed to form a specimen that resembles the 

genus Healdia. Figured specimen USNM 119743.

5. Right view of carapace, originally the same size as fig. 1, with more shell material removed to form a specimen 

that would be called "Bythocypns." Figured specimen USNM 119744, Helms formation, Texas. USGS loc. 

10890 blue. 

6-9, 12, 13. Knightina allerismoides (Knight), 1928 (p. 7).

6. 12, 13. Left, posterior, and dorsal views of carapace from which the shell material was removed to form steinkern 

X 60. Topotype USNM 119745.

7. Ventral view of a second specimen converted to a steinkern X 60. Topotype USNM 119746.

8. 9. Right and ventral views of a carapace. Topotype USNM 119747, Fort Scott limestone, Missouri. USGS

loc. 6728 blue. 

10, 11. Knightina? sp. (p. 7).

Lateral and ventral views of a valve; note structure of shell material and ornamentation on steinkern. Figured

specimen USNM 119748, Union Valley sandstone (Morrow series), Oklahoma. USGS loc. 11096 blue. 

14-16. Camdenidea? planoconvexa (Coryell and Williamson), 1936 (p. 84).

Dorsal, ventral, and right views of carapace. Holotype, Am. Mus. Nat. History colln. 24502, Waldron shale,

Indiana. 

17. Steusloffina cuneata (Steusloff), 1894. (p. 84).

Right view of carapace. Topotype(?) USNM 82340, Ordovician drift, Germany. 

18, 19. Spinobairdia kellettae Morris and Hill, 1952 (p. 81).

Dorsal and right views of carapace. Holotype USNM 123226. Newsom shale, Tennessee. 

20, 21. Bairdiocypris? transversus (Roth), 1929 (p. 83).

Right and posterior views of carapace. Holotype USNM 80652, Haragan marl, Oklahoma. 

22-24. Bekena sp. A (p. 83).

22. Right view of carapace on which the donsoposterior margin is broken, so that it resembles the illustration of 

Bairdiocypris moravica Kegel (Pokorny, 1950). Topotype of Pokorny's material USNM 133217.

23. 24. Dorsal and right views of a normal specimen. Pokorny's topotype. material USNM 133218. Middle Devonian, Czechoslovakia. 

25-27. Bekena diaphrovalvis Gibson, 1955 (p. 82).

Dorsal, right, and ventral views of carapace. Figured specimen USNM 133219, "Hackberry shale" wash on side of 

road, Floyd County Highway D, 2 miles west of center of Rockford, Floyd County, Iowa. Collected by G. A. 

Cooper, 1954. 

28, 29. Bairdiocypris? transversus (Roth), 1929 (p. 83).

Right and dorsal views of carapace. Paratype USNM 80652 (on the same slide with the holotype), Haragan marl,

Oklahoma. 

30, 31. Bekena pecki (Morey), 1935 (p. 82).

Dorsal and right views of carapace. Lectotype Missouri Univ. colln. OS 1005-2, Sylamore sandstone, Missouri. 

32. Bekena diaphrovalvis Gibson, 1955 (p. 82).

Right view of carapace. Holotype USNM 123093, Cerro Gordo formation, Iowa.

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