Proposed Amendments to Regulatio

Reduce Emissions from On-Road 

Off-Road Diesel Vehicles and Off-R

Large Spark Ignition Engines 

California Environmental Protection Agency

Air Resources Board

December 17, 2010
Today’s Presentation

• Introduction • Truck rule amendments• Off-road rule amendments• Environmental impacts• Recap and closing
Reasons for Changes

• Emissions lower than anticipated• Reduced ability to make investments• Board directed revisions
05

10152025

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2

Statewide PM2.5 Tons per Day

SIP Targets Met 

Business as Usual

Benefits with ARB Pr

Diesel Risk Reduction Program 

Rules Meet Public Health and Air Quali

3900 Premature 

Deaths Avoided
Reduced Emissions Confirme

• 50 percent decrease in black carbon obs• Long term study• Attributed to the decrease in diesel emiss

“Impact of California’s Air Pollution Laws on Black Carbon and their Implications for Direct Radiative Forcing” by Bahadur, et. al.
Latest Information Used

• Met with stakeholders• Evaluated effects of recession on busines• Reaffirmed PM mortality study• Updated emissions inventories
Reduced Emissions Provide Marg

Economic Relief

• Inventory update presented in November• Emissions lower than anticipated in the S• Establishes 2014 margin for economic re• Determines future emissions estimates
Revised 5 Rules to Provide Economic 

• Provide more time and improve complianc

flexibility

• Address special situations• Compliance costs reduced more than 60 p• Continue to protect public health
Proposed Amendments for

Trucks and Buses
Greatest Economic Relief for Lighter T

• 4 year delay• 150,000 trucks cleaned-up by replaceme• All 2010 model year engines by 2023

* Gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of 26,000 pounds or less.

Truck 
Economic Life of Heavier* Trucks E

• PM filters delayed 1 year• Replacements delayed 2 years• Extend use of newer trucks with retrofits• Replace older trucks• All 2010 model year engines by 2023

* GVWR more than 26,000 pounds

Truck 
Other Amendments Provide Additio

Economic Relief 

• Phase-in option to spread out compliance• Greater credits for truck retirement• Greater credits for early retrofits and clea

vehicles

• Small fleet provisions expanded• Second opportunity to apply for ag exemp• New phase-in option for log trucks

Truck 
Amendments Change What Fleets Hav

Age of truck replaced prior to 2020 12 years Initial truck replacements 2013 Number of businesses subject to PM filters 175,000 

Trucks subject to replace only 10,000 Initial PM filter requirements 2011 

PropAme

Existing 

Issue Regulation

Truck 
Amendments to Provide Significant 

Savings to Fleets

• Lower costs for all fleets• First 5 year costs down by 60%• Total 15 year costs down 60%• Cost reduced $3.3 billion from current reg

0

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,000

Millions ($)

First 5 years Total Regulation

Current

Proposed

Truck 
0123456789

1011121314

2011 - 2023

Number of Early Replacements or PM Retrofits

Moving Company

Existing

Rule

Amended

Rule

Truck 
Concrete Company

Truck 

0123456789

1011121314

2011 - 2023

Number of Early Replacements or PM RetrofitsExisting Rule Amended Rule
School Buses Receive Relie

Similar to Trucks

• Exclude GVWR less than 26,001 lbs.• Delay start of PM filter phase-in 1 year • Remove reporting• 15 day change – Flexibility to retrofit MY 

Truck 
Seven Retrofits or One Replace

Truck 
$300 Million Provided to Clea

Public School Buses 

Truck 

Cost to retrofit remaining busesRemaining noncompliant busesLocal FederalState

Ac

of 

Funding used for PM 

Filters

Number of Buses

Source of Funds

13000

0000

$6
Truck and Bus 15-day Chan

• New credit for early truck replacements• New credit for PM filters on all vehicles ea• Ensure 2000 MY trucks still eligible for fun• Expand NOx exempt attainment area prov• Two year deferral for lower-use constructio• Early PM filters for

1996-1997 MY engines

Truck 
Economic Relief for Drayage Truc

Less Diesel PM in Communiti

• Ensures public health protection in impac

communities

• Stops circumvention of rule• Modernization delayed from 2014 to 2020• Requires 2010 engines by 2023

Draya
Proposed Amendments to the

Tractor-Trailer GHG Regulation

• Additional phase-in option for large fleets• Extended deadline for tire compliance • Delayed compliance for certain trailers• Additional flexibility provisions 
Proposed Amendments for 

Off-Road and LSI Vehicles
Delay Regulation Start by 4 Ye

for All Fleets

O

Small March 1, 2015 January 1, 

Medium March 1, 2013 January 1, 

Large March 1, 2010 January 1, 

Fleet Size Current Start Proposed 
Simplify and Reduce Annua

Requirements

• Combine PM and NOx requirements

– No mandatory retrofits

• Reduce BACT requirements• Raise low-use threshold 

– from 100 to 200 hrs/yr

O
Simpler Option for Smallest Fle

• Optional new path for fleets under 500 hp• Phase out Tier 0 and Tier 1 vehicles • Clear and simple path

O

2026 752029 1002022 502019 25

Compliance date Percent of fleet with cleaner 
Expand Credit for Early Action

• Early double retrofit credits extended for 

fleets

• Expand credits for fleets downsizing from 

to 2011

• New credit for fleets that complied with 

requirements in 2010

O
Percent of the fleet to be controlled by 2014 ~85% 

~50% 

Percent of the cleanest engines in the fleet by 2023

~30% 

Percent of fleets that can comply with 8 to 10% turnover annually with no other actionsNumber of mandatory retrofits >100,000 Initial large fleet requirements 2010 

P

Am

Existing 

Regulation Fleet Requirements

O

Amendments Change What Fleets Hav
Amendments Provide Significant C

Savings to Fleets

• 2010 to 2014 costs down by 97%• Peak year costs delayed to 2019

– Lowered over 70%

• Cost reduced $1.5 billion from current regulatio

0

500

1,0001,5002,0002,500

Millions ($)

First 5 years Total Regulation

Current

Proposed

O
Off-Road 15-day Changes

• Move both engines of two-engine vehicle

off-road regulation

• “Bubble” Concept - Allow additional retrof

on-road or off-road to count towards eithe

O
LSI Amendments Provide Relief a

Consistency Between Regulation

• Re-instate limited hours of 

use exclusion at 200 hrs/yr

• Broaden compliance 

extension for nonretrofittable specialty equipment 

• Add and modify definitions

Large Spark 
Combined On-Road and Off-Ro

Environmental Impacts
Amended Rules Protect Public H

• 3900 premature deaths avoided• Substantial reductions in localized risk• Reductions toward Diesel Risk Reduction • School buses controlled – pupil exposure

minimized
05

1015202530

2010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022

PM Emissions (tons/day)

Adopted Without RecessionWith Proposed Amendments and Recessio

Combined PM Benefits Preserve

2011 to 2025

Effect of Recession

Added Flexibility$3.3 Billion Savings
Amended Rules Meet SIP Targ

• 2007 SIP State Strategy committed Board 

meet defined emission levels in 2014

• Amended rules provide 5 ton margin in S

Coast

• Amended rules meet these levels in the S

Joaquin Valley 
We Remain on Track to Clean 

Diesel Engines

Incentivize clean up In progresFleet rules In progresEnforcement In progresNew diesel engine standards

√

Reformulated diesel fuel

√
More Opportunities for Fundin

Loans Guaranteed* $35M School Bus $105M Carl Moyer* $60M Local & Federal Funds * $120M AB 118 $34M 

1B Goods Movement $230M 

Additional Ant

Funding Throu

Funding Since 

Funding Program December 2008

* Total on-road and off-road projects
Localized Benefits Confirmed

• July 2007 and July 2010 comparative stud

– Focused on L.A./Long Beach port truck clean u– Exposures reduced by a factor of 2

• November 2009 to June 2010 Oakland stu

– 40 to 50 percent emission reduction– Rapid rate of port truck clean-up observed– Similar reductions at Caldecott tunnel took 9 y

* Air Resources Board, Research Division** Timothy Dalton and Robert Harley (UCB) and Thomas Kirchstetter 
Conclusion
Conclusions

• Long term emissions same as expected• Similar health benefits as expected• Significant economic relief• Recommend Board approve proposed 

amendments