#### Frank Zak, Appellant, *v.*William Simpson, Respondent.

First Department,

June 18, 1915.

Conversion — defense—possession of property by plaintiff through lottery — possession as against wrongdoer.

Where, in an action for the conversion of jewelry, the defendant, a pawnbroker, after interposing a general denial, alleged that the jewelry had been pawned with him by the agent of the plaintiff, and thereafter redeemed and again pawned with him by the same person, and the plaintiff in proving his ease established that he had acquired possession of the jewelry as the result of a lottery, it was reversible error for the court to dismiss the complaint upon the ground that the plaintiff procured possession through the lottery.

The defendant was not in a position to avail himself of the illegality of the lottery.

Any possession is legal as against a wrongdoer.

Appeal by the plaintiff, Frank Zak, from a judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the defendant, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of New York on the 27th day of October, 1914, upon a dismissal of the complaint by direction of the court at the close of plaintiff’s case.

*208
      *John J. Crawford,*for the appellant.

*Clarence K. McGuire,*for the respondent.

Dowling, J.:

This action is brought for the conversion by defendant, a licensed pawnbroker, of a diamond necklace valued at $2,000. Defendant’s answer, after interposing a general denial, set up as a separate defense that the necklace had been pawned with bim for the sum of $600 by one Kammerich, who was “.the agent of the plaintiff, with an unrestricted general power to , sell the diamond necklace supplied, given and delivered to him by the plaintiff,” and thereafter redeemed, to be again pawned with him by the same person for the same amount on June 16, 1911, whereby defendant acquired a lien thereon. Upon the trial plaintiff made out his case, but in so doing it was developed that he had acquired possession of the necklace as the result of a lottery, participated in by him and many others to enable the owner thereof, who was the widow of a member of the Wool Club, to realize upon it, the total sale of tickets amounting to $2,500, and his ticket having cost him $5. At the close of plaintiff’s case the court dismissed the complaint on the specific ground “that the transaction under and by which this plaintiff comes into court is a lottery, in violation of the Penal Law of this State, and that the plaintiff has no title to this necklace, which is an essential allegation, and also to be proved in an action for conversion.” We believe such dismissal was erroneous. Upon the proof plaintiff was in possession of the necklace and defendant had converted it, having refused to surrender it upon demand duly made. Defendant had not sought to connect himself in any way with the title to the necklace save through plaintiff’s agent, and, therefore, plaintiff’s prior possession, established by him, was sufficient to support the action. *(Stowell*v. *Otis, 71*N. Y. 36.) Moreover, defendant was in no position to avail itself of the illegality of the lottery under which the necklace was disposed of. Conceding that it was an unlawful transaction, who can question it ? Not the original owner of the necklace, who was a party to the offense, but the persons designated by the statute, viz., the overseers of the poor, whose duty it is to sue for the prize drawn, *209and who may recover the same in an action for money had and received. (Penal Law, § 1384.) Plaintiff had possession of the necklace and defendant converted it. The former’s possession was sufficient basis for his action. As was said by Lord Kenyon in *Graham*v. *Peat*(1 East, 244): “ Any possession is a legal possession against a wrongdoer. ”

The judgment appoaled from .is, therefore, reversed and a new trial ordered, with costs to appellant to abide the event..

Ingraham, P. J., Clarke, Scott and Hotchkiss, JJ., concurred.

Judgment reversed and new trial ordered, with costs to appellant to abide event.