# Patent

## Title
Solid imaging device and X-ray CT device including the solid imaging device

## Abstract

The present invention relates to a solid-state imaging device, etc. having a structure for capturing a high-resolution image even when any row selecting wiring is disconnected. The solid-state imaging device (1) comprises a photodetecting section (10), a signal reading-out section (20), a row selecting section (30), a column selecting section (40), an overflow preventing section (50), and a controlling section (60). The photodetecting section (10) has M×N pixel portions P1,1 to PM,N two-dimensionally arranged in a matrix of M rows and N columns, and each of the pixel portions P1,1 to PM,N includes a photodiode that generates charge of an amount according to an incident light intensity and a reading-out switch connected to the photodiode. Each of the N pixel portions Pm,1 to Pm,N belonging to an m-th row is connected to the row selecting section (30) and the overflow preventing section (50) by an m-th row selecting wiring LV,m.

## Background
This is a continuation application of copending application Ser. No. 12/864,736, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,483,359 B2, having a §371 date of Jul. 27, 2010, which is a national stage filing based on PCT International Application No. PCT/JP2009/050984, filed on Jan. 22, 2009. The copending application Ser. No. 12/864,736 is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.


TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a solid-state imaging device with a plurality of photodetecting sections arranged two-dimensionally, and an X-ray CT apparatus including the same. The controlling is closed.
BACKGROUND ART
As a solid-state imaging device, those using the CMOS technique are known, and among these, a passive pixel sensor (PPS) type solid-state imaging device is known (see Patent Document 1). The PPS type solid-state imaging device has a structure where PPS type pixel portions including photodiodes for generating charges of amounts according to incident light intensities are two-dimensionally arrayed in M rows and N columns. In each pixel portion, charges generated in the photodiode in response to light incidence are accumulated in a capacitive element of an integrating circuit, and a voltage value according to the accumulated charge amount is output.
In general, an output terminal of each of the M pixel portions belonging to each column is connected to an input terminal of an integrating circuit provided corresponding to the column via a reading-out wiring provided corresponding to the column. And, in order from the first row to the M-th row, a charge generated in the photodiode of the pixel portion is inputted to a corresponding integrating circuit through a corresponding reading-out wiring, and a voltage value according to the charge amount is outputted from the integrating circuit.
Moreover, each of the N pixel portions belonging to each row is connected to a controlling section via a row selecting wiring provided corresponding to the row. In accordance with a row selecting controlling signal transmitted from the controlling section via the row selecting wiring, each pixel portion outputs a charge generated in the photodiode to the reading-out wiring.
The PPS type solid-state imaging device is used for various purposes. For example, the PPS type solid-state imaging device is used in combination with a scintillator panel as an X-ray flat panel also for medical purposes and industrial purposes. Further, the PPS type solid-state imaging device is also used, specifically, in an X-ray CT apparatus, a microfocus X-ray inspection system, etc. The solid-state imaging device to be used for these purposes has a large-area photodetecting section in which M×N pixel portions are two-dimensionally arrayed, and the photodetecting section may be integrated on a semiconductor substrate having a size with sides more than 10 centimeters in length. Therefore, only one solid-state imaging device may be produced from one semiconductor wafer.

    Patent Document 1: Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application No. 2006-234557


DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
Problems that the Invention is to Solve
The present inventors have examined the conventional solid-state imaging device, and as a result, have discovered the following problems. That is, in the conventional solid-state imaging device, when a row selecting wiring corresponding to any one of the rows is disconnected during production, pixel portions located closer to the row selecting section than the disconnected point among the N pixel portions of the row are connected to the row selecting section by the row selecting wiring, while pixel portions located farther from the row selecting section than the disconnected point are not connected to the row selecting section.
More specifically, in the conventional solid-state imaging device, charges generated in photodiodes in response to light incidence in the pixel portions located farther from the row selecting section than the disconnected point are not reading-out to the integrating circuit, and are just accumulated in junction capacitance portions of the photodiodes. When the amount of charges accumulated in the junction capacitance portions of the photodiodes exceeds a saturation level, a surplus of charges over the saturation level overflows to the neighboring pixel portions.
Therefore, in the conventional solid-state imaging device, when one row selecting wiring is disconnected, this influences not only the pixel portions of the row connected to the row selecting wiring but also pixel portions of neighboring rows on both sides of the row in question, and eventually, defective lines occur with pixel portions of three consecutive rows.
On the other hand, when defective lines are not consecutive and the neighboring lines of one defective line are normal, pixel data of the defective line can be interpolated by using pixel data of the normal neighboring lines. However, when defective lines occur with pixel portions of three consecutive rows, the above-described interpolation is difficult. Particularly, in the solid-state imaging device having a large-area photodetecting section as described above, the probability of disconnection occurring is greater due to a long length of the row selecting wiring.
There has been proposed in Patent Document 1 a technique with the intention of eliminating such problems. More specifically, in the technique proposed in the above Patent Document 1, an average value of all pixel data of a neighboring line neighboring the defective line and an average value of all pixel data of a few further neighboring normal lines are obtained. It is determined that the neighboring line is also defective if a difference between these average values is not less than a predetermined value, the pixel data of the neighboring line is corrected, and further pixel data of the defective line is corrected based on a value after correction of the pixel data of the neighboring line.
In the technique proposed in Patent Document 1, when correcting the pixel data of the neighboring line determined to be defective, an average value of two pieces of pixel data on the nearest normal lines on both sides of the neighboring line is determined, the average value is set as pixel data of the neighboring line. Moreover, when correcting the pixel data of the defective line, an average value of two pieces of pixel data on the neighboring lines on both sides of the defective line is determined, the average value is set as pixel data of the defective line.
However, in the technique proposed in Patent Document 1, since the process to determine an average of two pieces of pixel data is to be repeated a plurality of times in order to correct pixel data of a defective line (and a line determined to be defective present in the vicinity of the defective line), an image after correction has a low resolution in the vicinity of the defective line.
The present invention has been developed to eliminate the problems described above. It is an object of the present invention to provide a solid-state imager having a structure for allowing capturing a high-resolution image even when any row selecting wiring is disconnected and an X-ray CT apparatus including the same.
Means for Solving the Problems
A solid-state imaging device according to the present invention comprises: a photodetecting section having M (an integer not less than 2)×N (an integer not less than 2) pixel portions P1,1 to PM,N two-dimensionally arrayed so as to form a matrix of M rows and N columns; a reading-out wiring LO,n connected to a reading-out switch included in each of the M pixel portions P1,n to PM,n belonging to an n-th (an integer not less than 1 and not more than N) column in the photodetecting section; a signal reading-out section connected to each of the reading-out wirings LO,1 to LO,N; a row selecting wiring LV,m connected to the reading-out switch included in each of the N pixel portions Pm,1 to Pm,N belonging to an m-th row in the photodetecting section; a row selecting section connected to one end of each of the row selecting wirings LV,1 to LV,M; and an overflow preventing section connected to the other end of each of the row selecting wirings LV,1 to LV,M.
Each of the pixel portions P1,1 to PM,N constituting the photodetecting section includes a photodiode that generates charge of an amount according to an incident light intensity and a reading-out switch connected to the photodiode. The reading-out wiring LO,n reads out a charge generated in the photodiode included in any one of the M pixel portions P1,n to PM,n via the associated reading-out switch. The signal reading-out section once holds a voltage value according to an amount of charge inputted through the reading-out wiring LO,n and then sequentially outputs the held voltage values. The row selecting wiring LV,m transmits a signal to control an opening and closing operation for reading-out switch to these reading-out switches. The row selecting section outputs a row selecting controlling signal to control an opening and closing operation of the reading-out switch included in each pixel portion Pm,n of the photodetecting section to the row selecting wiring LV,m, sequentially row by row, to close the reading-out switch in each pixel portion Pm,n connected by the row selecting wiring, and thereby outputs a charge generated in a photodiode included in each pixel portion Pm,n to the reading-out wiring LO,n. The overflow preventing section outputs an overflow preventing signal to control an opening and closing operation of the reading-out switch included in each pixel portion Pm,n of the photodetecting section to the row selecting wiring LV,m to close the reading-out switch in each pixel portion Pm,n connected by the row selecting wiring, and thereby prevents a charge generated in the photodiode included in each pixel portion Pm,n from overflowing outside the pixel portion.
In the solid-state imaging device according to the present invention, one end of each of the row selecting wirings LV,1 to LV,M is connected to the row selecting section, and a row selecting controlling signal is inputted from the row selecting section. Moreover, the other end of each of the row selecting wirings LV,1 to LV,M is connected to the overflow preventing section, and an overflow preventing signal is inputted from the overflow preventing section. Either of the row selecting controlling signal and overflow preventing signal is a signal to control an opening and closing operation of the reading-out switch included in each pixel portion of the photodetecting section. However, the row selecting controlling signal to be outputted from the row selecting section is a signal for reading out a charge from each pixel portion in the photodetecting section. In contrast thereto, the overflow preventing signal to be outputted from the overflow preventing section is a signal that is, when any one of the row selecting wirings is disconnected in the photodetecting section, by closing the reading-out switches in pixel portions located farther from the row selecting section than the disconnected point among the pixel portions to be connected to the disconnected row selecting wiring, for preventing charges generated in the photodiodes included in the pixel portions from overflowing outside the pixel portions.
In the solid-state imaging device according to the present invention, it is preferable that the overflow preventing section, when any one of the row selecting wirings LV,1 to LV,M is disconnected, selectively outputs the overflow preventing signal to the disconnected row selecting wiring.
In the solid-state imaging device according to the present invention, it is preferable that the overflow preventing section, when any one of the row selecting wirings LV,1 to LV,M is disconnected, outputs the overflow preventing signal to each of the disconnected row selecting wiring and row selecting wirings neighboring the disconnected row selecting wiring.
Further, in the solid-state imaging device according to the present invention, it is preferable that the overflow preventing section, when outputting the overflow preventing signal to any one of the row selecting wirings LV,1 to LV,M, outputs the overflow preventing signal at the same timing as that of outputting a row selecting controlling signal from the row selecting section to the row selecting wiring.
Moreover, an X-ray CT apparatus according to the present invention comprises: an X-ray output section; a solid-state imaging device having a structure as described above (solid-state imaging device according to the present invention); moving means; and an image analyzing section. The X-ray output section outputs X-rays toward a subject. The solid-state imaging device receives and images X-rays having been outputted from the X-ray output section and reached through the subject. Moving means moves the X-ray output section and the solid-state imaging device relative to the subject. The image analyzing section inputs frame data to be outputted from the solid-state imaging device, and generates a tomographic image of the subject based on the frame data.
The present invention will be more fully understood from the detailed description given hereinbelow and the accompanying drawings, which are given by way of illustration only and are not to be considered as limiting the present invention.
Further scope of applicability of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description given hereinafter. However, it should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating preferred embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration only, since various changes and modifications within the scope of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this detailed description.
Effects of the Invention
In accordance with the solid-state imaging device and the like according to the present invention, a high-resolution image can be captured even when any row selecting wiring is disconnected.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a view showing a configuration of an embodiment of a solid-state imaging device according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of each of the pixel portion Pm,n, the integrating circuit Sn, and the holding circuit Hn in the solid-state imager shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a timing chart for explaining operation of the solid-state imager shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a view showing a first configuration example of a row selecting section and an overflow preventing section in the solid-state imager shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 5 is a view showing a configuration of a shift register included in the row selecting section shown in FIG. 4.
FIG. 6 is a view showing a second configuration example of a row selecting section and an overflow preventing section in the solid-state imager shown in FIG. 1; and
FIG. 7 is a view showing a configuration of an embodiment of an X-ray CT apparatus according to the present invention.



DESCRIPTION OF THE REFERENCE NUMERALS
1 . . . solid-state imager imaging device; 10 . . . photodetecting section; 20 . . . signal reading-out section; 30 . . . row selecting section; 40 . . . column selecting section; 50 . . . overflow preventing section; 60 . . . controlling section; P1,1 to PM,N . . . pixel portion; PD . . . photodiode; SW1 . . . reading-out switch; S1 to SN . . . integrating circuit; C2 . . . integrating capacitive element; SW2 . . . discharge switch; A2 . . . amplifier; H1 to HN . . . holding circuit; C3 . . . holding capacitive element; SW31 . . . input switch; SW32 . . . output switch; LV,m . . . m-th row selecting wiring; LH,n . . . n-th column selecting wiring; LO,n . . . n-th column reading-out wiring; LR . . . discharge controlling wiring; LH . . . hold controlling wiring; and Lout . . . voltage output wiring.
BEST MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
In the following, embodiments of a solid-state imaging device and an X-ray CT apparatus according to the present invention will be explained in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 to 7. In the description of the drawings, identical or corresponding components are designated by the same reference numerals, and overlapping description is omitted.
FIG. 1 is a view showing a configuration of an embodiment of a solid-state imaging device according to the present invention. The solid-state imaging device 1 shown in FIG. 1 comprises a photodetecting section 10, a signal reading-out section 20, a row selecting section 30, a column selecting section 40, an overflow preventing section 50, and a controlling section 60. Moreover, in the case of usage as an X-ray flat panel, a scintillator panel is overlaid on the photodetecting section 10 of the solid-state imaging device 1.
For the photodetecting section 10, M×N pixel portions P1,1 to PM,N are two-dimensionally arrayed in a matrix of M rows and N columns. A pixel portion Pm,n is located on the m-th row and the n-th column. Here, M and N are integers not less than 2, respectively, and m is an integer not less than 1 and not more than M, and n is an integer not less than 1 and not more than N. The pixel portions Pm,n are pixel portions of the PPS type, and have a common configuration.
Each of the N pixel portions Pm,1 to Pm,N belonging to the m-th row is connected to the row selecting section 30 and the overflow preventing section 50 via an m-th row selecting wiring LV,m. Each output terminal of the M pixel portions P1,n to PM,n belonging to the n-th column is connected to an integrating circuit Sn included in the signal reading-out section 20 via an n-th column reading-out wiring LO,n.
The signal reading-out section 20 includes N integrating circuits S1 to SN and N holding circuits H1 to HN. The integrating circuits Sn have a common configuration. Moreover, the holding circuits Hn also have a common configuration.
Each integrating circuit Sn has an input terminal connected to the reading-out wiring LO,n. Moreover, each integrating circuit Sn accumulates charges inputted to the input terminal, and outputs a voltage value according to the accumulated charge amount from an output terminal to the holding circuit Hn. Each of the N integrating circuits S1 to SN is connected to the controlling section 60 by a discharge controlling wiring LR.
Each holding circuit Hn has an input terminal connected to the output terminal of the integrating circuit Sn. Moreover, each holding circuit Hn holds a voltage value inputted to the input terminal, and outputs the held voltage value Vout from an output terminal to an output wiring Lout. Each of the N holding circuits H1 to HN is connected to the controlling section 60 via a hold controlling wiring LH. Moreover, each holding circuit Hn is connected to the column selecting section 40 via an n-th column selecting wiring LH,n.
The row selecting section 30 is connected to one end of each of the row selecting wirings LV,1 to LV,M. In FIG. 1, the row selecting section 30 is provided to the left of the photodetecting section 10. The row selecting section 30 outputs a row selecting controlling signal Vsel(m) to control an opening and closing operation of a reading-out switch included in each pixel portion Pm,n of the photodetecting section 10 to the row selecting wiring LV,m, sequentially row by row. As a result of the reading-out switch in a pixel portion connected via the row selecting wiring LV,m being closed upon receiving this output, a charge generated in a photodiode included in the pixel portion is outputted to the reading-out wiring LO,n. M row selecting controlling signals Vsel(1) to Vsel(M) sequentially take significant values. The row selecting section 30 includes a shift register to sequentially output M row selecting controlling signals Vsel(1) to Vsel(M) as significant values.
The column selecting section 40 outputs an n-th column selecting controlling signal Hsel(n) to the n-th column selecting wiring LH,n to supply the n-th column selecting controlling signal Hsel(n) to the holding circuit Hn. N column selecting controlling signals Hsel(1) to Hsel(N) also sequentially take significant values. The column selecting section 40 includes a shift register to sequentially output N column selecting controlling signals Hsel(1) to Hsel(N) as significant values.
The overflow preventing section 50 is connected to the other end of each of the row selecting wirings LV,1 to LV,M. In FIG. 1, the overflow preventing section 50 is provided to the right of the photodetecting section 10. The overflow preventing section 50 outputs an overflow preventing signal to control an opening and closing operation of a reading-out switch included in each pixel portion Pm,n of the photodetecting section 10 to any row selecting wiring LV,m. As a result of the reading-out switch in a pixel portion connected via the row selecting wiring LV,m being closed upon receiving this output, a charge generated in a photodiode included in the pixel portion is prevented from overflowing outside the pixel portion.
The controlling section 60 controls operation of the solid-state imaging device 1 as a whole. The controlling section 60 supplies, to each of the row selecting section 30, the column selecting section 40, and the overflow preventing section 50, a controlling signal to control operation of these sections. The controlling section 60 outputs a discharge controlling signal Reset to the discharge controlling wiring LR to supply the discharge controlling signal Reset to each of the N integrating circuits S1 to SN. Moreover, the controlling section 60 outputs a hold controlling signal Hold to the hold controlling wiring LH to supply the hold controlling signal Hold to each of the N holding circuits H1 to HN.
The controlling section 60, as in the above, controls an opening and closing operation of a reading-out switch SW1 included in each of the N pixel portions Pm,1 to Pm,N belonging to the m-th row in the photodetecting section 10 via the row selecting section 30 or the overflow preventing section 50, and controls a holding operation and an output operation of a voltage value in the signal reading-out section 20 via the column selecting section 40 or directly. Accordingly, the controlling section 60 makes a voltage value according to the amount of charge generated in the photodiode PD included in each of the M×N pixel portions P1,1 to PM,N in the photodetecting section 10 be repeatedly outputted as frame data from the signal reading-out section 20.
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of each of the pixel portion Pm,n, the integrating circuit Sn, and the holding circuit Hn included in the solid-state imaging device 1 shown in FIG. 1. Also, in FIG. 2, a circuit diagram of the pixel portion Pm,n as a representative of the M×N pixel portions P1,1 to PM,N, a circuit diagram of the integrating circuit Sn as a representative of the N integrating circuits S1 to SN, and a circuit diagram of the holding circuit Hn as a representative of the N holding circuits H1 to HN are shown. That is, in FIG. 2, circuit portions relating to the pixel portion Pm,n on the m-th row and the n-th column and the n-th column reading-out wiring LO,n are shown.
The pixel portion Pm,n includes a photodiode PD and a reading-out switch SW1. The anode terminal of the photodiode PD is grounded, and the cathode terminal of the photodiode PD is connected to the n-th column reading-out wiring LO,n via the reading-out switch SW1. The photodiode PD generates charge of an amount according to an incident light intensity, and accumulates the generated charge in a junction capacitance portion. The reading-out switch SW1 is supplied with an m-th row selecting controlling signal via the m-th row selecting wiring LV,m from the row selecting section 30. The m-th row selecting controlling signal Vsel(m) is an electrical signal that instructs an opening and closing operation of the reading-out switch SW1 included in each of the N pixel portions Pm,1 to Pm,N belonging to the m-th row in the photodetecting section 10.
In this pixel portion Pm,n, when the m-th row selecting controlling signal Vsel(m) is at low level, the reading-out switch SW1 opens. Accordingly, a charge generated in the photodiode PD is not outputted to the n-th column reading-out wiring LO,n but is accumulated in the junction capacitance portion. On the other hand, when the m-th row selecting controlling signal Vsel(m) is at high level, the reading-out switch SW1 closes. In this case, the charge generated in the photodiode PD and accumulated in the junction capacitance portion until then is outputted to the n-th column reading-out wiring LO,n through the reading-out switch SW1.
The n-th column reading-out wiring LO,n is connected to the reading-out switch SW1 included in each of the M pixel portions P1,n to PM,n belonging to the n-th column in the photodetecting section 10. The n-th column reading-out wiring LO,n reads out a charge generated in the photodiode PD included in any one of the M pixel portions P1,n to PM,n via the reading-out switch SW1 included in the pixel portion and transfers the charge to the integrating circuit Sn.
The integrating circuit Sn includes an amplifier A2, an integrating capacitive element C2, and a discharge switch SW2. The integrating capacitive element C2 and the discharge switch SW2 are connected in parallel to each other, and provided between an input terminal and an output terminal of the amplifier A2. The input terminal of the amplifier A2 is connected to the n-th column reading-out wiring LO,n. The discharge switch SW2 is supplied with a discharge controlling signal Reset via the discharge controlling wiring LR from the controlling section 60. The discharge controlling signal Reset is an electrical signal that instructs an opening and closing operation of the discharge switch SW2 included in the N integrating circuits S1 to SN.
In this integrating circuit Sn, when the discharge controlling signal Reset is at high level, the discharge switch SW2 closes. Accordingly, the integrating capacitive element C2 is discharged, and a voltage value to be outputted from the integrating circuit Sn is initialized. On the other hand, when the discharge controlling signal Reset is at low level, the discharge switch SW2 opens. In this case, a charge inputted to the input terminal is accumulated in the integrating capacitive element C2, and a voltage value according to the accumulated charge amount is outputted from the integrating circuit Sn.
The holding circuit Hn includes an input switch SW31, an output switch SW32, and a holding capacitive element C3. One end of the holding capacitive element C3 is grounded. The other end of the holding capacitive element C3 is connected to the output terminal of the integrating circuit Sn via the input switch SW31, and connected to the voltage output wiring Lout via the output switch SW32. The input switch SW31 is supplied with a hold controlling signal Hold via the hold controlling wiring LH from the controlling section 60. The hold controlling signal Hold is an electrical signal that instructs an opening and closing operation of the input switch SW31 included in each of the N holding circuits H1 to HN. The output switch SW32 is supplied with an n-th column selecting controlling signal Hsel(n) via the n-th column selecting wiring LH,n from the column selecting section 40. The n-th column selecting controlling signal Hsel(n) is an electrical signal that instructs an opening and closing operation of the output switch SW32 included in the holding circuit Hn.
In this holding circuit Hn, when the hold controlling signal Hold switches from high level to low level, the input switch SW31 switches from a closed state to an open state. At this time, a voltage value being inputted to the input terminal is held in the holding capacitive element C3. When the n-th column selecting controlling signal Hsel(n) is at high level, the output switch SW32 closes. In this case, the voltage value Vout held in the holding capacitive element C3 is outputted to the voltage output wiring Lout.
When outputting a voltage value according to a received light intensity in each of the N pixel portions Pm,1 to Pm,N belonging to the m-th row in the photodetecting section 10, the controlling section 60 outputs a discharge controlling signal Reset to instruct temporary closing and then opening of the discharge switch SW2 included in each of the N integrating circuits S1 to SN. The controlling section 60 then outputs an m-th row selecting controlling signal Vsel(m) to be outputted from the row selecting section 30 to instruct closing of the reading-out switch SW1 included in each of the N pixel portions Pm,1 to Pm,N belonging to the m-th row in the photodetecting section 10 for a predetermined period. The controlling section 60, in the predetermined period, outputs a hold controlling signal Hold to instruct switching of the input switch SW31 included in each of the N holding circuits H1 to HN from a closed state to an open state. Then, the controlling section 60, after the predetermined period, outputs column selecting controlling signals Hsel(1) to Hsel(N) to be outputted from the column selecting section 40 to instruct sequential closing of the output switches SW32 included in the N holding circuits H1 to HN for a predetermined period. The controlling section 60 performs such a control for the respective rows in sequence.
Next, operation of the solid-state imaging device 1 according to the present invention will be described. In the solid-state imaging device 1, as a result of level changes of each of the M row selecting controlling signals Vsel(1) to Vsel(M), the N column selecting controlling signals Hsel(1) to Hsel(N), the discharge controlling signal Reset, and the hold controlling signal Hold at predetermined timings under control by the controlling section 60, light made incident on the photodetecting surface 10 can be imaged to obtain frame data.
FIG. 3 is a timing chart for explaining operation of the solid-state imaging device 1 according to the present invention. FIG. 3 shows (a) the discharge controlling signal Reset for instructing an opening and closing operation of the discharge switch SW2 included in each of the N integrating circuits S1 to SN, (b) the first row selecting controlling signal Vsel(1) for instructing an opening and closing operation of the reading-out switch SW1 included in each of the N pixel portions P1,1 to P1,N belonging to the first row in the photodetecting section 10, (c) the second row selecting controlling signal Vsel(2) for instructing an opening and closing operation of the reading-out switch SW1 included in each of the N pixel portions P2,1 to P2,N belonging to the second row in the photodetecting section 10, and (d) the hold controlling signal Hold for instructing an opening and closing operation of the input switch SW31 included in each of the N holding circuits H1 to HN.
Moreover, FIG. 3 further subsequently shows (e) the first column selecting controlling signal Hsel(1) for instructing an opening and closing operation of the output switch SW32 included in the holding circuit H1, (f) the second column selecting controlling signal Hsel(2) for instructing an opening and closing operation of the output switch SW32 included in the holding circuit H2, (g) the third column selecting controlling signal Hsel(3) for instructing an opening and closing operation of the output switch SW32 included in the holding circuit H3, (h) the n-th column selecting controlling signal Hsel(n) for instructing an opening and closing operation of the output switch SW32 included in the holding circuit Hn, and (i) the N-th column selecting controlling signal Hsel(N) for instructing an opening and closing operation of the output switch SW32 included in the holding circuit HN.
A charge generated in the photodiode PD included in each of the N pixel portions P1,1 to P1,N belonging to the first row and accumulated in the junction capacitance portion is reading-out as follows.
That is, before the time t10, the M row selecting controlling signals Vsel(1) to Vsel(M), the N column selecting controlling signals Hsel(1) to Hsel(N), the discharge controlling signal Reset, and the hold controlling signal Hold have been made at low level. During a period from the time t10 to t11, the discharge controlling signal Reset to be outputted from the controlling section 60 to the discharge controlling wiring LR becomes high level. Accordingly, in each of the N integrating circuits S1 to SN, the discharge switch SW2 closes (the integrating capacitive element C2 is discharged). Moreover, during a period from the time t12 to the time t15 after the time t11, the first row selecting controlling signal Vsel(1) to be outputted from the row selecting section 30 to the first row selecting wiring LV,1 becomes high level. Accordingly, the reading-out switch SW1 included in each of the N pixel portions P1,1 to P1,N belonging to the first row in the photodetecting section 10 closes.
In the period (t12 to t15), during a period from the time t13 to the time t14, the hold controlling signal Hold to be outputted from the controlling section 60 to the hold controlling wiring LH becomes high level. In this case, the input switch SW31 closes in each of the N holding circuits H1 to HN.
In the period (t12 to t15), the reading-out switch SW1 included in each pixel portion P1,n of the first row is closed. Since the discharge switch SW2 of each integrating circuit Sn is open, a charge generated in the photodiode PD of each pixel portion P1,n and accumulated in the junction capacitance portion until then is transferred to and accumulated in the integrating capacitive element C2 of the integrating circuit Sn through the reading-out switch SW1 of the pixel portion P1,n and the n-th column reading-out wiring LO,n. Then, a voltage value according to the amount of charge accumulated in the integrating capacitive element C2 of each integrating circuit Sn is outputted from the output terminal of the integrating circuit Sn.
At the time t14 in the period (t12 to t15), the hold controlling signal Hold switches from high level to low level. Accordingly, in each of the N holding circuits H1 to HN, the input switch SW31 switches from a closed state to an open state. At this time, a voltage value being outputted from the output terminal of the integrating circuit Sn and being inputted to the input terminal of the holding circuit Hn is held in the holding capacitive element C3.
Then, after the period (t12 to t15), column selecting controlling signals Hsel(1) to Hsel(N) to be outputted from the column selecting section 40 to the column selecting wirings LH,1 to LH,N sequentially become high level for a predetermined period. At this time, the output switches SW32 included in the N holding circuits H1 to HN sequentially close for the predetermined period. When the output switches SW32 have closed, the voltage values held in the holding capacitive elements C3 of the holding circuits Hn are sequentially outputted to the voltage output wiring Lout through the output switches SW32. The voltage value Vout to be outputted to the voltage output wiring Lout is a voltage value indicating the received light intensity in the photodiode PD included in each of the N pixel portions P1,1 to P1,N belonging to the first row.
Subsequently, a charge generated in the photodiode PD included in each of the N pixel portions P2,1 to P2,N belonging to the second row and accumulated in the junction capacitance portion is reading-out as follows.
That is, during a period from the time t20 to the time t21, the discharge controlling signal Reset to be outputted from the controlling section 60 to the discharge controlling wiring LR becomes high level. Accordingly, in each of the N integrating circuits S1 to SN, the discharge switch SW2 closes, and the integrating capacitive element C2 is discharged. Moreover, during a period from the time t22 to the time t25 after the time t21, the second row selecting controlling signal Vsel(2) to be outputted from the row selecting section 30 to the second row selecting wiring LV,2 becomes high level. Accordingly, the reading-out switch SW1 included in each of the N pixel portions P2,1 to P2,N belonging to the second row in the photodetecting section 10 closes.
In the period (t22 to t25), during a period from the time t23 to the time t24, the hold controlling signal Hold to be outputted from the controlling section 60 to the hold controlling wiring LH becomes high level. In this case, input switch SW31 closes in each of the N holding circuits H1 to HN.
Then, after the period (t22 to t25), column selecting controlling signals Hsel(1) to Hsel(N) to be outputted from the column selecting section 40 to the column selecting wirings LH,1 to LH,N sequentially become high level for a predetermined period. Accordingly, the output switches SW32 included in the N holding circuits H1 to HN sequentially close for the predetermined period.
Thus, a voltage value Vout indicating the received light intensity in the photodiode PD included in each of the N pixel portions P2,1 to P2,N belonging to the second row is outputted to the voltage output wiring Lout.
Subsequent to the operation for the first and the second rows as in the above, the same operation is performed for the third to the M-th rows, so that frame data indicating an image captured in one time of imaging is obtained. When the operation is completed for the M-th row, the same operation is again performed in order from the first row, and frame data indicating a next image is obtained. By thus repeating the same operation with a predetermined period, voltage values Vout indicating a two-dimensional intensity distribution of an image of light received by the photodetecting section 10 are outputted to the voltage output wiring Lout (frame data is repeatedly obtained).
Meanwhile, in the period during which the reading-out switch SW1 included in each of the N pixel portions Pm,1 to Pm,N belonging to the m-th row is closed, a charge generated in the photodiode PD of each pixel portion Pm,n of the m-th row and accumulated in the junction capacitance portion is transferred to the integrating capacitive element C2 of the integrating circuit Sn through the reading-out switch SW1 of the pixel portion Pm,n and the n-th column reading-out wiring LO,n. At this time, the accumulated charge in the junction capacitance portion of the photodiode PD of each pixel portion Pm,n belonging to the m-th row is initialized.
However, when a certain m-th row selecting wiring LV,m is disconnected at a point halfway, pixel portions located farther from the row selecting section 30 than the disconnected point among the N pixel portions Pm,1 to Pm,N belonging to the m-th row are not transmitted with an m-th row selecting controlling signal Vsel(m) from the row selecting section 30, and the reading-out switches SW1 remain open. Since charges cannot therefore be transferred to the integrating circuit Sn, initialization of the accumulated charges in the junction capacitance portions of the photodiodes PD by this charge transfer is impossible. If this goes on, charges generated in the photodiodes in response to light incidence in these pixel portions are just accumulated in the junction capacitance portions of the photodiodes. In the case that the charges exceed the saturation level, they overflow to pixel portions belonging to neighboring rows and cause defective lines in pixel portions of the three consecutive rows.
The solid-state imaging device 1 includes the overflow preventing section 50 in order to cope with such problems. The row selecting section 30 is connected to one end of each of the row selecting wirings LV,1 to LV,M, whereas the overflow preventing section 50 is connected to the other end of each of the row selecting wirings LV,1 to LV,M. That is, the m-th row selecting wiring LV,m is interposed between the row selecting section 30 and the overflow preventing section 50. Moreover, the m-th row selecting wiring LV,m is connected to the reading-out switch SW1 included in each of the N pixel portions Pm,1 to Pm,N belonging to the m-th row in the photodetecting section 10, and transmits a signal to control an opening and closing operation of these reading-out switches SW1 to these reading-out switches SW1. The signal to control an opening and closing operation of the reading-out switch SW1 is supplied from the row selecting section 30 as a row selecting controlling signal Vsel(m), and supplied from the overflow preventing section 50 as an overflow preventing signal.
The overflow preventing signal to be outputted from the overflow preventing section 50, which is outputted to the m-th row selecting wiring LV,m, is thus the same as the row selecting controlling signals Vsel(1) to Vsel(M) to be outputted from the row selecting section 30 in the point of controlling an opening and closing operation of the reading-out switch SW1 of the pixel portion Pm,n.
However, the row selecting controlling signals Vsel(1) to Vsel(M) to be outputted from the row selecting section 30 are electrical signals for reading out a charge from each pixel portion Pm,n in the photodetecting section 10. In contrast thereto, the overflow preventing signal to be outputted from the overflow preventing section 50 is an electrical signal that is, when any one of the row selecting wirings LV,1 to LV,M is disconnected in the photodetecting section 10, by closing the reading-out switches SW1 in pixel portions located farther from the row selecting section 30 than the disconnected point among the pixel portions to be connected to the disconnected row selecting wiring, for preventing charges generated in the photodiodes PD included in the pixel portions from overflowing outside the pixel portions.
Therefore, the row selecting controlling signals Vsel(1) to Vsel(M) to be outputted from the row selecting section 30 are outputted with a predetermined period sequentially row by row. In contrast thereto, the overflow preventing signal to be outputted from the overflow preventing section 50 is selectively outputted to that disconnected row selecting wiring, or outputted to each of that disconnected row selecting wiring and row selecting wirings neighboring the disconnected row selecting wiring. It is not always necessary that the overflow preventing signal to be outputted from the overflow preventing section 50 is outputted to a non-disconnected row selecting wiring.
The overflow preventing signal to be outputted from the overflow preventing section 50 may be outputted at a timing different from that of outputting the row selecting controlling signal from the row selecting section 30 to the row selecting wiring. For example, it is preferably after all the row selecting controlling signals Vsel(1) to Vsel(M) have been outputted from the row selecting section 30 and voltage values Vout for one frame have been outputted from the signal reading-out section 20 and before voltage values Vout for the next one frame are outputted from the signal reading-out section 20. In this case, when a plurality of row selecting wirings are disconnected, it is preferable that overflow preventing signals are simultaneously outputted to these row selecting wirings from the overflow preventing section 50.
The overflow preventing signal to be outputted from the overflow preventing section 50 may be outputted at the same timing as that of outputting the row selecting controlling signal from the row selecting section 30 to the row selecting wiring. That is, to the disconnected m-th row selecting wiring LV,m, the overflow preventing signal is outputted from the overflow preventing section 50 at the same timing as the timing where the row selecting controlling signal Vsel(m) is outputted from the row selecting section 30. In this case, among the N pixel portions Pm,1 to Pm,N connected to the disconnected m-th row selecting wiring LV,m, pixel portions located closer to the row selecting section 30 than the disconnected point are supplied with the row selecting controlling signal Vsel(m) from the row selecting section 30. Moreover, at the same timing as this, pixel portions located farther from the row selecting section 30 than the disconnected point are supplied with the overflow preventing signal from the overflow preventing section 50.
Therefore, the reading-out switches SW1 close at the same timing in all N pixel portions Pm,1 to Pm,N connected to the disconnected m-th row selecting wiring LV,m. Accordingly, a charge generated in the photodiode PD of each pixel portion Pm,n and accumulated in the junction capacitance portion until then is transferred to the signal reading-out section 20 via the reading-out switch SW1 of the pixel portion Pm,n and the n-th column reading-out wiring LO,n. Then, a voltage value Vout indicating the received light intensity in the photodiode PD included in each of the N pixel portions Pm,1 to Pm,N belonging to the m-th row is outputted from the signal reading-out section 20 to the voltage output wiring Lout.
Thus, in the solid-state imaging device 1, even when any row selecting wiring is disconnected, from the overflow preventing section 50 provided on the side opposite to the row selecting section 30 with respect to the disconnected row selecting wiring, an overflow preventing signal is supplied to pixel portions not connected to the row selecting section 30 due to the disconnection. Accordingly, also in the pixel portions not connected to the row selecting section 30 due to the disconnection, the reading-out switches SW1 close based on the overflow preventing signal supplied from the overflow preventing section 50. Consequently, the charges generated in the photodiodes in response to light incidence and accumulated in the junction capacitance portions are discharged before reaching the saturation level, and never overflow to neighboring pixel portions. Therefore, in the solid-state imaging device 1, it is unnecessary to perform such a correction process as in the conventional solid-state imaging device, and a high-resolution image is obtained.
Particularly, when an overflow preventing signal is outputted to a row selecting wiring from the overflow preventing section 50 at the same timing as the timing to output a row selecting controlling signal from the row selecting section 30 to the row selecting wiring, a charge can also be reading-out of a pixel portion which the overflow preventing signal reaches. When the row selecting wiring is disconnected at only one point, in the same manner as in the case without disconnection, voltage values Vout indicating a two-dimensional intensity distribution of an image of light received by the photodetecting section 10 are outputted from the signal reading-out section 20 to the voltage output wiring Lout.
Next, configuration examples of each of the row selecting section 30 and the overflow preventing section 50 included in the solid-state imaging device 1 according to the present invention will be described.
FIG. 4 is a view showing a first configuration example of the row selecting section 30 and the overflow preventing section 50. In the first configuration example shown in FIG. 4, a row selecting section 30A serving as the row selecting section 30 in FIG. 1 includes P shift registers 311 to 31P. Moreover, an overflow preventing section 50A serving as the overflow preventing section 50 in FIG. 1 includes P shift registers 511 to 51P. The shift registers 31p and the shift registers 51p have a common configuration, and as shown in FIG. 5, are Q-bit shift registers. Here, P and Q are integers not less than 2, and p is an integer not less than 1 and not more than P, and q to be mentioned in the following is an integer not less than 1 and not more than Q. A product of P and Q equals the number of rows M.
FIG. 5 is a view showing a configuration of the shift register 31p. For the shift register 31p, Q flip-flops 321 to 32Q are linearly connected. An output terminal of the flip-flop 32q included in the shift register 31p is connected to an m-th row selecting wiring LV,(p−1)Q+q. To an input terminal of the first-stage flip-flop 321 included in the shift register 31p, a start signal Start(p) is inputted from the controlling section 60. From an output terminal of the final-stage flip-flop 32Q included in the shift register 31p, an end signal End(p) is outputted to the controlling section 60.
In the shift register 31p, when a pulse of the start signal Start(p) is inputted from the controlling section 60 to the input terminal of the first-stage flip-flop 321, in synchronization with a clock signal to be inputted to each of the Q flip-flops 321 to 32Q, pulses are sequentially outputted from the output terminal of each of the Q flip-flops 321 to 32Q as a row selecting controlling signal. Then, a pulse to be outputted from the output terminal of the final-stage flip-flop 32Q is outputted also to the controlling section 60 as the end signal End(p).
In the row selecting section 30A, pulses of the start signal Start(p) are sequentially inputted to the P shift registers 311 to 31P, and the row selecting controlling signals Vsel(1) to Vsel(M) are sequentially outputted to the row selecting wirings with a predetermined period.
In the overflow preventing section 50A, pulses of the start signal Start(p) may be sequentially inputted to the P shift registers 511 to 51P, and overflow preventing signals may be outputted to the respective row selecting wirings. Alternatively, a pulse of the start signal Start(p) may be inputted only to the shift register 51p connected to a disconnected row selecting wiring among the P shift registers 511 to 51P. In the former case, the power consumption is small, which is preferable. Moreover, in the latter case, the influence of inrush current onto the row selecting section 30A or the overflow preventing section 50A that occurs when the input timing of the row selecting controlling signal and overflow preventing signal from both ends of the row selecting wiring is shifted from each other is small, which is also preferable.
FIG. 6 is a view showing a second configuration example of the row selecting section 30 and the overflow preventing section 50. In the second configuration example of FIG. 6, a row selecting section 30B serving as the row selecting section 30 in FIG. 1 includes an M-bit shift register 33 and M digital buffers 341 to 34M. Moreover, an overflow preventing section 50B serving as the overflow preventing section 50 in FIG. 1 includes an M-bit shift register 53 and M 3-state buffers 541 to 54M.
In the row selecting section 30B, when a pulse of the start signal is inputted from the controlling section 60, in synchronization with a clock signal, the row selecting controlling signals Vsel(1) to Vsel(M) are sequentially outputted with a predetermined period. The row selecting controlling signal Vsel(m) is outputted to the m-th row selecting wiring LV,m through the digital buffer 34m.
In the overflow preventing section 50B, when a pulse of the start signal is inputted from the controlling section 60, in synchronization with a clock signal, overflow preventing signals are sequentially outputted row by row with a predetermined period. The overflow preventing signal having been outputted corresponding to the m-th row selecting wiring LV,m is inputted to the 3-state buffer 54m, and is outputted from the 3-state buffer 54m to the m-th row selecting wiring LV,m when an enable signal Enable supplied from the controlling section 60 is at high level. However, when the enable signal Enable is at low level, an output terminal of the 3-state buffer 54m is brought in a high-impedance state.
Therefore, in the overflow preventing section 50B, the overflow preventing signal can be selectively outputted to a disconnected row selecting wiring. Moreover, as a result of bringing the output terminal of the 3-state buffer 54m corresponding to a non-disconnected row selecting wiring into a high-impedance state, the influence of inrush current onto the row selecting section 30B or the overflow preventing section 50B is small.
The solid-state imaging device 1 (FIG. 1) according to the present invention can be suitably used in an X-ray CT apparatus. Therefore, an example of an X-ray CT apparatus including the solid-state imaging device 1 according to the present invention will be described in the following.
FIG. 7 is a view showing a configuration of an example of an X-ray CT apparatus according to the present invention. In the X-ray CT apparatus 100 shown in FIG. 7, an X-ray source 106 generates X-rays toward a subject. The radiation field of X-rays generated from the X-ray source 106 is controlled by a primary slit plate 106b. The X-ray source 106 has a built-in X-ray tube, and by adjusting conditions of the X-ray tube, such as a tube voltage, a tube current, and energization time, the X-ray dose to the subject is controlled. An X-ray image sensor 107 has a built-in CMOS solid-state imaging device having a plurality of pixel portions arrayed two-dimensionally, and detects an X-ray image transmitted through the subject. In front of the X-ray image sensor 107, a secondary slit plate 107a that limits an X-ray incident region is provided.
While holding the X-ray source 106 and the X-ray image sensor 107 so as to be opposed, a swing arm 104 swings these around the subject in panoramic tomography. Moreover, in the case of linear tomography, a sliding mechanism 113 for linearly displacing the X-ray image sensor 107 with respect to the subject is provided. The swing arm 104 is driven by an arm motor 110 that forms a rotary table, and a rotation angle thereof is detected by an angle sensor 112. Moreover, the arm motor 110 is mounted on a movable portion of an XY table 114, and the center of rotation is arbitrarily adjusted in a horizontal plane.
Image signals outputted from the X-ray image sensor 107 are converted to, for example, 10-bit (=1024 level) digital data by an AD converter 120. This digital data is once taken in a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 121 and then stored in a frame memory 122. From the image data stored in the frame memory 122, a tomographic image along any tomographic plane is reproduced by a predetermined arithmetic processing. The reproduced tomographic image is outputted to a video memory 124, and converted to analog signals by a DA converter 125. Thereafter, the tomographic image converted to analog signals is displayed by an image display section 126 such as a CRT (cathode ray tube), and provided for various diagnoses.
The CPU 121 is connected with a work memory 123 required for signal processing, and further connected with an operation panel 119 having a panel switch, an X-ray irradiation switch, etc. Moreover, the CPU 121 is connected to a motor drive circuit 111 that drives the arm motor 110, slit control circuits 115, 116 that control the opening range of the primary slit plate 106b and the secondary slit plate 107a, an X-ray control circuit 118 that controls the X-ray source 106, respectively, and further outputs a clock signal to drive the X-ray image sensor 107.
The X-ray control circuit 118 is capable of feedback-controlling the X-ray dose to the subject based on signals imaged by the X-ray image sensor 107.
In the X-ray CT apparatus 100 configured as above, the X-ray image sensor 107 is equivalent to the photodetecting section 10, the signal reading-out section 20, the row selecting section 30, the column selecting section 40, the overflow preventing section 50, and the controlling section 60 of the solid-state imaging device 1 (an example of a solid-state imaging device according to the present invention) having a structure as described above, and a scintillator panel is provided at the front of the photodetecting section 10.
As a result of including the solid-state imaging device 1 having a structure shown in FIG. 1, the X-ray CT apparatus 100 can capture a high-resolution tomographic image even in the vicinity of a defective line. Particularly, in the X-ray CT apparatus, a large number of (for example, 300) frames of data are successively obtained in a short period, and the amount of incident light into the photodetecting section 10 of the solid-state imaging device 1 varies frame by frame. Moreover, the amount of charges overflowing from pixel portions on a defective line to pixel portions on neighboring lines varies frame by frame. As a result of including the solid-state imaging device 1 in such an X-ray CT apparatus, the X-ray CT apparatus can capture a high-resolution image even when any row selecting wiring is disconnected.
From the invention thus described, it will be obvious that the embodiments of the invention may be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all such modifications as would be obvious to one skilled in the art are intended for inclusion within the scope of the following claims.

## Claims

1. A solid-state imaging device, comprising:
a photodetecting section having M (an integer not less than 2)×N (an integer not less than 2) pixel portions P1,1 to PM,N two-dimensionally arrayed so as to form a matrix of M rows and N columns, each of the pixel portions P1,1 to PM,N including a photodiode that generates a charge of an amount according to an incident light intensity, and a reading-out switch connected to the photodiode;
a plurality of reading-out wirings LO,1 to LO,N, a reading-out wiring LO,n of the plurality of reading-out wirings being connected to the reading-out switch included in each of the M pixel portions P1,n to PM,n belonging to an n-th (an integer not less than 1 and not more than N) column in the photodetecting section, the reading-out wiring LO,n reading out a charge generated in the photodiode included in any one of the M pixel portions P1,n to PM,n via the associated reading-out switch;
a signal reading-out section being connected to each of the plurality of reading-out wirings LO,1 to LO,N, the signal reading-out section once holding voltage values according to an amount of charge inputted through the reading-out wiring LO,n, and then sequentially outputting the held voltage values;
a plurality of row selecting wrings LV,1 to LV,M, a row selecting wiring LV,m of the plurality of row selecting wirings being connected to the reading-out switch included in each of the N pixel portions Pm,1 to Pm,N belonging to an m-th (an integer not less than 1 and not more than M) row in the photodetecting section, the row selecting wiring LV,m transmitting a signal to control an opening and closing operation for reading-out switch to the reading-out switch included in each of the N pixel portions Pm,1 to Pm,N belonging to the m-th row in the photodetecting section;
a row selecting section having a plurality of first buffers which are respectively connected to one ends of the plurality of row selecting wirings LV,1 to LV,M, the row selecting section outputting a row selecting controlling signal to control an opening and closing operation of the reading-out switch included in each pixel portion Pm,n of the photodetecting section to the row selecting wiring LV,m, sequentially row by row, to close the reading-out switch in each pixel portion Pm,n connected by the row selecting wiring, and thereby outputting a charge generated in the photodiode included in each pixel portion Pm,n to the reading-out wiring LO,n;
an overflow preventing section having a plurality of second buffers each of which corresponds to the associated one of the plurality of first buffers and which are respectively connected to the other ends of the plurality of row selecting wirings LV,1 to LV,M, the overflow preventing section outputting an overflow preventing signal to control an opening and closing operation of the reading-out switch included in each pixel portion Pm,n of the photodetecting section to the row selecting wiring LV,m to close the reading-out switch in each pixel portion Pm,n connected by the row selecting wiring, and thereby preventing a charge generated in the photodiode included in each pixel portion Pm,n from overflowing outside the pixel portion; and
a controlling section connected to the row selecting section, the overflow preventing section, and the signal reading-out section,
wherein the plurality of first buffers are located on opposite side of the plurality of second buffers so that the plurality of first buffers sandwich the photodetecting section together with the plurality of second buffers,
wherein the signal reading-out section includes a plurality of holding circuits H1 to HN connected to the controlling section through a hold controlling wiring LH, each holding circuit Hn of the plurality of holding circuits H1 to HN receiving a hold controlling signal outputted from the controlling section through the hold controlling wiring LH and having an input switch, an output switch, and a holding capacitive element, and
wherein in a time axis, the controlling section controls rise time and fall time of each of the row selecting controlling signal, the overflow preventing signal, and the hold controlling signal so that the rise time of the hold controlling signal shifts from both the rise time and fall time of each of the row selecting controlling signal and the overflow preventing signal and so that the fall time of the hold controlling signal shifts from both the rise time and fall time of each of the row selecting controlling signal and the overflow preventing signal.

2. A solid-state imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the overflow preventing section, when any one of the row selecting wirings LV,1 to LV,M is disconnected, outputs the overflow preventing signal to each of the disconnected row selecting wiring and row selecting wirings neighboring the disconnected row selecting wiring.

3. A solid-state imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the overflow preventing section, when outputting the overflow preventing signal to any one of the row selecting wirings LV,1 to LV,M, outputs the overflow preventing signal at the same timing as that of outputting a row selecting controlling signal from the row selecting section to the row selecting wiring.

4. A solid-state imaging device according to claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of first buffers in the row selecting section is a digital buffer.

5. A solid-state imaging device according to claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of second buffers in the overflow preventing section is a three-state buffer.

6. A solid-state imaging device according to claim 1, wherein a length of each side of the photodetecting section exceeds 10 centimeters.

7. A solid-state imaging device according to claim 1, further comprising a semiconductor substrate having a surface on which the photodetecting section, the plurality of reading-out wirings LO,1 to LO,N, the signal reading-out section, the plurality of row selecting wirings LV,1 to LV,M, the row selecting section, and the overflow preventing section are located.

8. An X-ray CT apparatus, comprising:
an X-ray output section that outputs X-rays toward a subject;
a solid-state imaging device according to claim 1 that receives and images X-rays having been outputted from the X-ray output section and reached through the subject;
moving means for moving the X-ray output section and the solid-state imaging device relative to the subject; and
an image analyzing section inputting frame data to be outputted from the solid-state imaging device, and generating a tomographic image of the subject based on the frame data.

9. A solid-state imaging device, comprising:
a photodetecting section having M (an integer not less than 2)×N (an integer not less than 2) pixel portions P1,1 to PM,N two-dimensionally arrayed so as to form a matrix of M rows and N columns, each of the pixel portions P1,1 to PM,N including a photodiode that generates a charge of an amount according to an incident light intensity, and a reading-out switch connected to the photodiode;
a plurality of reading-out wirings LO,1 to LO,N, a reading-out wiring LO,n of the plurality of reading-out wirings being connected to the reading-out switch included in each of the M pixel portions P1,n to PM,n belonging to an n-th (an integer not less than 1 and not more than N) column in the photodetecting section, the reading-out wiring LO,n reading out a signal corresponding to an amount of charge generated in the photodiode included in any one of the M pixel portions P1,n to PM,n via the associated reading-out switch;
a signal reading-out section being connected to each of the plurality of reading-out wirings LO,1 to LO,N, the signal reading-out section once holding voltage values according to the signal inputted through the reading-out wiring LO,n, and then sequentially outputting the held voltage values;
a plurality of row selecting wirings LV,1 to LV,M, a row selecting wiring LV,m of the plurality of row selecting wirings being connected to the reading-out switch included in each of the N pixel portions Pm,1 to Pm,N belonging to an m-th (an integer not less than 1 and not more than M) row in the photodetecting section, the row selecting wiring LV,m transmitting a signal to control an opening and closing operation for reading-out switch to the reading-out switch included in each of the N pixel portions Pm,1 to Pm,N belonging to the m-th row in the photodetecting section;
a row selecting section having a plurality of first buffers which are respectively connected to one ends of the plurality of row selecting wirings LV,1 to LV,M, the row selecting section outputting a row selecting controlling signal to control an opening and closing operation of the reading-out switch included in each pixel portion Pm,n of the photodetecting section to the row selecting wiring LV,m, sequentially row by row, to close the reading-out switch in each pixel portion Pm,n connected by the row selecting wiring, and thereby outputting a charge generated in the photodiode included in each pixel portion Pm,n to the reading-out wiring LO,n;
an overflow preventing section having a plurality of second buffers each of which corresponds to the associated one of the plurality of first buffers and which are respectively connected to the other ends of the plurality of row selecting wirings LV,1 to LV,M, the overflow preventing section outputting an overflow preventing signal to control an opening and closing operation of the reading-out switch included in each pixel portion Pm,n of the photodetecting section to the row selecting wiring LV,m to close the reading-out switch in each pixel portion Pm,n connected by the row selecting wiring, and thereby preventing a charge generated in the photodiode included in each pixel portion Pm,n from overflowing outside the pixel portion; and
a controlling section connected to the row selecting section, the overflow preventing section, and the signal reading-out section,
wherein the plurality of first buffers are located on opposite side of the plurality of second buffers so that the plurality of first buffers sandwich the photodetecting section together with the plurality of second buffers,
wherein the signal reading-out section includes a plurality of holding circuits H1 to HN connected to the controlling section through a hold controlling wiring LH, each holding circuit Hn of the plurality of holding circuits H1 to HN receiving a hold controlling signal outputted from the controlling section through the hold controlling wiring LH and having an input switch, an output switch, and a holding capacitive element, and
wherein in a time axis, the controlling section controls rise time and fall time of each of the row selecting controlling signal, the overflow preventing signal, and the hold controlling signal so that the rise time of the hold controlling signal shifts from both the rise time and fall time of each of the row selecting controlling signal and the overflow preventing signal and so that the fall time of the hold controlling signal shifts from both the rise time and fall time of each of the row selecting controlling signal and the overflow preventing signal.

10. A solid-state imaging device, comprising:
a photodetecting section having M (an integer not less than 2)×N (an integer not less than 2) pixel portions P1,1 to PM,N two-dimensionally arrayed so as to form a matrix of M rows and N columns, each of the pixel portions P1,1 to PM,N including a photodiode that generates a charge of an amount according to an incident light intensity, and a reading-out switch connected to the photodiode;
a plurality of reading-out wirings LO,1 to LO,N, a reading-out wiring LO,n of the plurality of reading-out wirings being connected to the reading-out switch included in each of the M pixel portions P1,n to PM,n belonging to an n-th (an integer not less than 1 and not more than N) column in the photodetecting section, the reading-out wiring LO,n reading out a charge generated in the photodiode included in any one of the M pixel portions P1,n to PM,n via the associated reading-out switch;
a signal reading-out section being connected to each of the plurality of reading-out wirings LO,1 to LO,N, the signal reading-out section once holding voltage values according to an amount of charge inputted through the reading-out wiring LO,n, and then sequentially outputting the held voltage values;
a plurality of row selecting wrings LV,1 to LV,M, a row selecting wiring LV,m of the plurality of row selecting wirings being connected to the reading-out switch included in each of the N pixel portions Pm,1 to Pm,N belonging to an m-th (an integer not less than 1 and not more than M) row in the photodetecting section, the row selecting wiring LV,m transmitting a signal to control an opening and closing operation for reading-out switch to the reading-out switch included in each of the N pixel portions P1,1 to Pm,N belonging to the m-th row in the photodetecting section;
a row selecting section having a plurality of first buffers which are respectively connected to one ends of the plurality of row selecting wirings LV,1 to LV,M, the row selecting section outputting a row selecting controlling signal to control an opening and closing operation of the reading-out switch included in each pixel portion Pm,n of the photodetecting section to the row selecting wiring LV,m, sequentially row by row, to close the reading-out switch in each pixel portion Pm,n connected by the row selecting wiring, and thereby outputting a charge generated in the photodiode included in each pixel portion Pm,n to the reading-out wiring LO,n;
an overflow preventing section having a plurality of second buffers each of which corresponds to the associated one of the plurality of first buffers and which are respectively connected to the other ends of the plurality of row selecting wirings LV,1 to LV,M, the overflow preventing section outputting an overflow preventing signal to control an opening and closing operation of the reading-out switch included in each pixel portion Pm,n of the photodetecting section to the row selecting wiring LV,m to close the reading-out switch in each pixel portion Pm,n connected by the row selecting wiring, and thereby preventing a charge generated in the photodiode included in each pixel portion Pm,n from overflowing outside the pixel portion; and
a controlling section connected to the row selecting section, the overflow preventing section, and signal reading-out section,
wherein the plurality of first buffers are located on opposite side of the plurality of second buffers so that the plurality of first buffers sandwich the photodetecting section together with the plurality of second buffers,
wherein the overflow preventing section includes a plurality of shift-registers, each of the plurality of shift-registers connected to two or more of the plurality of row selecting wirings LV,1 to LV,M, each of the plurality of shift-registers having an input terminal which inputs a start signal from the controlling section, and an output terminal which outputs an end signal to the controlling section.