NIST NCSTAR1-5B

Federal Building and Fire Safety Investigation of

the World Trade Center Disaster

Experiments and Modeling of

Structural Steel Elements

Exposed to Fire

(Appendices D-G)

Anthony Hamins

Alexander Maranghides

Kevin B. McGrattan

Erik L. Johnsson

Thomas J. Ohiemiller

Michelle K. Donnelly

Jiann C. Yang

George W. Mulholland

Kuldeep R. Prasad

Scott R. Kukuck

Robert L. Anieitner

Therese P. McAllister

National Institute of Standards and Technology • Technology Administration • U.S. Deportment of Commerce

Appendix D

Velocity Measurements at the Compartment Inlet and

Outlet

This appendix presents data on the inlet and outlet velocities and the corresponding corrected temperature

measurements that was not presented in Chapter 7 of this report (see Figs. D-1 through D-42). Further

information on these measurements can be found in Chapter 7.

2.25

1^ 1.5 o

_o

0) >

0.75

WTC Phase 1 Test 1 Inlet Velocity Measurements

-I \ 1 r-

"'XA

Inlet 1 Inlet 2

Inlet 3

iniet 4

inlet 5

Inlet 6

200 400 600 800

Time (s) Figure D-1. Inlet velocities for Test 1

1000 1200

304

_ 302

§ 300

03Q.E

ID 298

296

WTC Phasel Test 1 Inlet Temperatures

^1 4

Inlet 1

Inlet 2

Inlet 3

iniet 4

Inlet 5

Inlet 6

200 400 600 800

Time (s)

1000 1200

Figure D-2. Inlet temperatures for Test 1.

NISTNCSTAR 1-5B, WTC Investigation 251
Appendix D

2.25

(0

1.5

o

o

>

0.75

1 1 1 1 11 1 1 r WTC Phasel Test 2

Inlet Velocity Measurements

0

Inlet 1 Inlet 2

Inlet 3

iniet 4

Inlet 5

Inlet 6

J ! \ U 100 200 300 400

Time (s)

Figure D-3. Inlet velocities for Test 2.

500 600

305

302.5

0)

E 300

CDQ.

E

0)

297.5

1

\

i 1 i

1 \ 1

1

1 r WTC Phasel Test 2

Inlet Temperatures

1 1 r

Inlet 1 Inlet 2

Inlet 3

Inlet 4

Intel 5

Inlet 6

I I ' 1 1- 1 I t I I I J- i 1 L I I J L._„,.J 1 I 1 I I L 1 I ^_ 0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Time (s)

Figure D-4. Inlet temperatures for Test 2.

252 NISTNCSTAR 1-5B, WTC Investigation
Velocity Measurements at the Compartment Inlet and Outlet

2.25

0)

^' 1.5 o

_o

CD >

0.75

n t

\

' I

1

'

'

1 1

1

1 1 1

1

1 1

\ j 1 1 p

]

1 : r WTC Phasel Test 3 ^ Inlet Velocity Measurements iniet 2

Inlet 3

Inlet 4

Inlet 5

Inlet 6

I I I 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Time (s)

Figure D-5. Inlet velocities for Test 3.

300

297.5 h

132 295

(X> Q.

E

CD H

1 1 1 1 1 1

\ r -1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1

1 1 r WTC Phasel Test 3

Inlet Temperatures - inlet 1 - Inlet 2

Inlet 3 - inlet 4

-

- Inlet 5 - iniet 6

I I iUU I

T

1 ri'

292.5

!i J mm

290 _i I ] I I i_ 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Tinne (s)

Figure D-6. Inlet temperatures for Test 3.

NISTNCSTAR 1-5B, WTC Investigation 253
Appendix D

3.5

3

2.5

\ 2

"oo 1.5

0) >

WTC Phasel Test 4

Inlet Velocity Measurements

tiff

1

0.5

0

-J \ L _l i I L

Inlet 1 Inlet 2

Inlet 3

Inlet 4 _- Intel 5 -

Inlet 6

i

200 400 600 800

Time (s)

Figure D-7. Inlet velocities for Test 4.

1000 1200

330

320

0)

2 310

Q)Q.

E

In 1 1 1 1 \ r WTC Phasel Test 4

Inlet Temperatures

if !

1 m

fl t

300

290

i

sis m m¥ r e

* i

4'f

inlet 1 Inlet 2

Inlet 3

inlet 4

inlet 5

Inlets

I i 1 200 400 600 800

Time (s)

1000 1200

Figure D-8. Inlet temperatures for Test 4.

254 NISTNCSTAR 1-5B, WTC Investigation
Velocity Measurements at the Compartment Inlet and Outlet

1 1 r—I1 1 r- WTC Phasel Test 5

Inlet Velocity Measurements

2.4

I

1.8

o

og 1.2

0.6 Inlet 1 Inlet 2

Inlet 3

I I

Inlet 4

- Inlet 5

Inlet 6

J I I I 1 L

400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 2800 3200

Time (s)

Figure D-9. Inlet velocities for Test 5.

340

330

^ 320

• CO

cuE 310

0) I300

290

"1—I—I—

I—I—1—I—I—I—I—I—j

WTC Phasel Test 5

Inlet Temperatures

"T 1 1 1

1 1 1 \ 1 1

' r

ill

Inlet 1 -Inlet 2

- Inlet 3

,_l I I I L

inlet 4

Inlet 5

Inlet 6

400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 2800 3200

Time (s)

Figure D-10. Inlet temperatures for Test 5.

NISTNCSTAR 1-5B, WTC Investigation 255
Appendix D

T

1 \

i

'

! \ 11 1

i ^

1 1 1

1

1 1 1 11 1 1 11 r WTC Phasel Test 6

Inlet Velocity Measurements

2.4

I

1.8

o

og 1.2

0.6 Inlet 1 Inlet 2

Inlet 3

Inlet 4

Inlet 5

_J I I I \ I I I I I I I 1 I 1 I 1 I I I \ I I I I L. 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 2800 3200

Time (s)

Figure D-1 1 . Inlet velocities for Test 6.

340

290

400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 2800 3200

Time (s)

Figure D-1 2. Inlet temperatures for Test 6.

256 NISTNCSTAR 1-5B, WTC Investigation
Velocity Measurements at the Compartment Inlet and Outlet

10

I

6

>« "oo

CD 4

~~i i I

I

1 1—~] 1 1 1 1

1 r WTC Phasel Test 1 Outlet Velocity Measurements

1 Outlet 1 Outlet 2

Outlet 3 -I Outlet 4

200 400 600 800

Time (s)

1000 1200

Figure D-13. Outlet velocities for Test 1, outlet locations 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.

10

o

o

CD >

—I

i 11 i

1 1

^

1

i

1

1

] r WTC Phasel Test 1 Outlet Velocity Measurements

I L_

Outlet 6

Outlet 7

Outlet 8

J I u 200 400 600 800

Time (s)

1000 1200

Figure D-14. Outlet velocities for Test 1, outlet locations 6, 7, and 8.

NISTNCSTAR 1-5B, WTC Investigation 257
Appendix D

800

700

V 600

CO

E 500

400

300

"T \ r WTC Phasel Test 1 Outlet Temperatures

-1—i—I

I—I—I—1—I

\—I—I—I

I—

'Outlet 1 Outlet 2

Outlet 3

Outlet 4

Outiet 5

_l ^ i Li 200 400 600 800

Time (s)

1000 1200

Figure D-15. Outlet temperatures for Test 1, outlet locations 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.

800

300

200 400 600 800

Time (s)

1000 1200

Figure D-16. Outlet temperatures for Test 1, outlet locations 6, 7, and 8.

258 NISTNCSTAR 1-5B, WTC Investigation
Velocity Measurements at the Compartment Inlet and Outlet

o

o

>

8

7

6

5

4

~i II

\

I

I

1 1 ;

1

1 1 1 r WTC Phasel Test 2

Outlet Velocity Measurements

1 I 1 I 1 r T—~i—I—1

1—

r

Outlet 1 Outlet 2

Outlet 3

Outlet 4 A

Outlet 5

J I I I1 L_

(J LJ '/If,' i(

\ I wr ' .1

300 400 500 600

Time (s)

Figure D-17. Outlet velocities for Test 2, outlet locations 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5

C/3

o

CD >

-1 1 1 i 1

i 1

1 ! 1 1

^ r

i r WTC Phasel Test 2

Outlet Velocity Measurements

"T 1

\ i

1 1 1 r r

Outlet 6

Outlet 7

Outlet 8

Outlet 9 d

Outlet 10

/

' ,11 3

^

2

1 ¥

0

,11 l\ ''-^^^mm

_1 I I 1_ J 1 \ 1 ! I L_ _J I I I 1 I L_ 0 100 200 300 400

Time (s)

500 600

Figure D-18. Outlet velocities for Test 2, outlet locations 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10.

NISTNCSTAR 1-5B, WTC Investigation 259
Appendix D

800

700

^ 600

0)E 500

0)

400

300

1

i

1 \

i

1 \ 1 1 1 1 1 r WTC Phasel Test 2

Outlet Temperatures

1 ' ' ' '~~

Outlet 1 — Outlet 2 ^ Outlet 3

Outlet 4

Outlets

if: t

_i ,

I I

i I 1 I I I 1

' I i_ 100 200 300 400

Time (s)

500 600

Figure D-19. Outlet temperatures for Test 2, outlet locations 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.

800

700 -

600

n 1 1 1 1 r

0)

I—

TO(UE 500

CD

400

300

WTC Phasel Test 2

Outlet Temperatures

/AiA^ '

' n i\ Wi If yi ii 'i iiiUf

1 ^ ^ ^ r

Outlet 6

Outlet 7

Outlet 8

Outlet 9

Outlet 1

0

-^w^n? ^ iiJ|if|i I L hii 1 yftfi* ^ Hi *

100 200 300 400

Time (s)

500 600

Figure D-20. Outlet temperatures for Test 2, outlet locations 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10.

260 NISTNCSTAR 1-5B, WTC Investigation
Velocity Measurements at the Compartment Inlet and Outlet

8

CO 1

>. 4—

»

o

_o

0) >

7

6

5

4

3

2

1 i0

-1 1 \

1

1 \ 1

1

1 1 r WTC Phasel Test 3

Outlet Velocity Measurements

1 \ 1 1 1 r

' ' ' ' \

Outlet 1 I Outlet 2 d

Outlets 1 Outlet 4

Outlet 5

_j \ I I I I I

i I I li J : L

-1 1 ! T "T ! r

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Time (s)

Figure D-21. Outlet velocities for Test 3, outlet locations 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.

8

7

6

5

WTC Phasel Test 3

Outlet Velocity Measurements

^ 4 4' oi 3

2 t

1

IIP m h

Outlet 6

Outlet 7

Outlet 8

Outlet 9

Outtet 10

li

1

0

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Time (s)

Figure D-22. Outlet velocities for Test 3, outlet locations 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10.

NISTNCSTAR 1-5B, WTC Investigation 261
Appendix D

800

700

^ 600

1—

•*—

*

CO

0)E 500

0) H

400

n i

1

i

i r WTC Phasel Test 3

Outlet Temperatures

4^"

Outlet 1 Outlet 2

Outlet 3

Outlet 4

Outlet 5

11

k i.

i '•Hi rJ|!

_i I 1 I 1 I I I I I i_ _l I ] I L 300

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Time (s)

Figure D-23. Outlet temperatures for Test 3, outlet locations 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.

800

700

V 600

CO

0)E 500

400

300

1 1

i

1 1 1 1

i 1 1 !

1

i

1

i

! 1 1 1

1

1 1 T WTC Phasel Test 3

Outlet Temperatures

^ ' 1

1 '

' ^

Outlet 6

Outlet 7

Outlet 8

Outlet 9

Outlet 10

t"('1 s ^^^^^^^

J I 1 I 1 i L J I I 1 I L_ 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Time (s)

Figure D-24. Outlet temperatures for Test 3, outlet locations 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10.

262 NISTNCSTAR 1-5B, WTC Investigation
Velocity Measurements at the Compartment Inlet and Outlet

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Time (s)

Figure D-25. Outlet velocities for Test 4, outlet locations 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.

10

0

WTC Phasel Test 4

Outlet Velocities

Outlet 6

Outlet 7

Outlet 8

Outlet 9

Outlet 10

'ill .

200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Time (s)

Figure D-26. Outlet velocities for Test 4, outlet locations 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10.

NISTNCSTAR 1-5B, WTC Investigation 263
Appendix D

1100

1000 h

900 ^ 800

CD

I—2 700

Q.o 600

I- 500

400

300

"I ! r T ! 1

i

1 1 r WTC Phasel Test 4

Outlet Temperatures

Outlet 1 - Outlet 2

- Outiet 3

Outlet 4

Outlet 5

mi i

_J I 1 I I L_ _l ) L_ 200 400 600 800

Time (s)

1000 1200

"1 1

i

1 1 1 r

Figure D-27. Outlet temperatures for Test 4, outlet locations 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.

1100

1000

900

Outlet 6

Outlet 7

Outlet 8

Outlet 9

Outlet 10 -

WTC Phasel Test 4

Outlet Temperatures

I I

i I I L_ 400 600 800 1000 1200

Time (s)

Figure D-28. Outlet temperatures for Test 4, outlet locations 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10.

264 NIST NCSTAR 1-5B, WTC Investigation
Velocity Measurements at the Compartment Inlet and Outlet

—J—I—I—I—i—It—I I 1 ] J ] I 1 1 J I I I I 1 I L__i u—i J i 0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 2800 3200

Time (s)

Figure D-29. Outlet velocities for Test 5, outlet locations 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.

14

12

10

' ' ' I' ' '

I ' ' '

I WTC Phasel Test 5

Outlet Velocities

1 ,

I

1 r

Outlet 6

Outlet 7

Outlet 8

Outlet 9

Outlet 10 -4

0

0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 2800 3200

Time (s) Figure D-30. Outlet velocities for Test 5, outlet locations 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10.

NISTNCSTAR 1-5B, WTC Investigation 265
Appendix D

1200

1000

CD

0)Q.

E

800

600

400

0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 2800 3200

Time (s)

Figure D-31. Outlet temperatures for Test 5, outlet locations 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.

1200 n—I

1

1—I—I

1—I—I—I—)—I—I—I—I—1—i—i—1

1—

r

WTC Phasel Test 5

Outlet Temperatures

400

Outlet 6

Outlet 7

Outlet 8

Outlet 9

Outiet 10

_J 1 I I I I L_ _l i 1 L. 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 2800 3200

Time (s)

Figure D-32. Outlet temperatures for Test 5, outlet locations 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10.

266 NISTNCSTAR 1-5B, WTC Investigation
Velocity Measurements at the Compartment Inlet and Outlet

1 4 I

' '

I

I

'—^—I—

I— —I—I—I—I

I—

I—I—I—rr—

I—I—I—I—

I—I—I—:—I—I

1—

r

WTC Phasel Test 6 outlet 1 Outlet 4

12 Outlet Velocities Outlet 2 Outlets

: Outlet 3

10 -

0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 2800 3200

Time (s)

Figure D-33. Outlet velocities for Test 6, outlet locations 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.

I I I I I , I I

I I I I 1 I I I I I I I ;

I

I : I I 0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 2800 3200

Time (s)

Figure D-34. Outlet velocities for Test 6, outlet locations 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10.

NISTNCSTAR 1-5B, WTC Investigation 267
Appendix D

1200

1000

Z!

0)Q.

E

0)

800

1 1 ! [ T" WTC Phasel Test 6

Outlet Temperatures

600

400

Outlet 1 Outlet 2

Outlet 3

J I I I I I

! I I I I I I I i I I I I I I I I I I L

Outlet 4

Outlet 5

L

0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 2800 3200

Time (s)

Figure D-35. Outlet temperatures for Test 6, outlet locations 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.

1200 r

T : I I I I I I I I i

I I I II

I I r WTC Phasel Test 6

Outlet Temperatures

1000

CD

"(5 i_

0)Q.

E

0)

800 -

600 7

400 h

0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 2800 3200

Time (s)

Figure D-36. Outlet temperatures for Test 6, outlet locations 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10.

268 NISTNCSTAR 1-5B, WTC Investigation
Velocity Measurements at the Compartment Inlet and Outlet

700

650

600

I I

I

I I I 1

1 1 1 1

1 r WTC Phasel Test 1 Outlet 5 Temperatures

—

I

1 r—I

1 I

1 r

Aspirated

Corrected Bare-bead

600 800 1000 1200

Time (s)

Figure D-37. Aspirated and bare-bead thermocouple temperatures at outlet 5 for Test 1.

700

600

0

g. 500

E

400

300

-1

\ )

\ r "T 1 r n 1 r ~i \ 1 1 1 \ r WTC Phasel Test 2

Outlet 5 Temperatures

Aspirated

Corrected Bare-bead

_J i I I I \ L_ _l ! \ \ \ L 0 ICQ 200 300 400 500 600

Time (s)

Figure D-38. Aspirated and bare-bead thermocouple temperatures at outlet 5 for Test 2.

NISTNCSTAR 1-5B, WTC Investigation 269
Appendix D

700

650

^ 550

"T 1 r WTC Phasel Test 3

Outlet 5 Temperatures

Aspirated

Corrected Bare-bead

J i L_ 600 800

Time (s)

1000 1200

Figure D-39. Aspirated and bare-bead thermocouple temperatures at outlet 5 for Test 3.

800

700

^ 600

1— -—

CO

1—(UE 500

H

400

300

-T !

'

[

\

' 1 [ r i 1 |- WTC Phasel Test 4

Outlet 5 Temperatures

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 r

mm

?1V

Aspirated

Corrected Bare-bead

_l I I I I I I I 1 I l_ 200 400 600 800

Time (s)

1000 1200

Figure D-40. Aspirated and bare-bead thermocouple temperatures at outlet 5 for Test 4.

270 NISTNCSTAR 1-5B, WTC Investigation
Velocity Measurements at the Compartment Inlet and Outlet

800 1 i I

I

1—I

1—

I—I 1 1 1—r—T 1—

p

WTC Phasel Test 5

Outlet 5 Temperatures

Aspirated

Corrected Bare-bead

I I I I ! I t I

I i_ 300

0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 2800 3200

Time (s)

Figure D-41. Aspirated and bare-bead thermocouple temperatures at outlet 5 for Test 5.

800

700

400

300

"T 1

1 1 r WTC Phasel Test 6

Outlet 5 Temperatures

Aspirated

Corrected Bare-bead

J___J I

I I I I I L J I

I II I I I L. 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 2800 3200

Time (s)

Figure D-42. Aspirated and bare-bead thermocouple temperatures at outlet 5 for Test 6.

NISTNCSTAR 1-5B, WTC Investigation 271
Appendix D

This page intentionally left blank.

272 NISTNCSTAR 1-5B, WTC Investigation
Appendix E

Heat Flux Measurements

This appendix presents heat flux data that was not presented in Chapter 5 of this report (see Figs. E-l

through E-24). Further information on these measurements can be found in Chapter 5.

ro

Z

10

I- 5

0

—1—1

\—

r

Test1

J I I I 1- J i_ J i_ J I I I I L. 200 400 600

Time (s) 800 1000 1200

Figure E-1. Total heat flux recorded by the two flux gauges 15 cm above the floor, just

downstream of the fire pan in Test 1.

100

80

60

"3o 40

20

n 1 r

Test 1

111! ill.'

o HCel

HCe2

-o - HCe3

- -X- - HCe4

"

^

" ' 1

200 400 600

Time (s) 800 1000 1200

Figure E-2. Total heat flux recorded by the four flux gauges in the compartment ceiling

in Test 1. The periodic spikes are due to the soot purge operation.

NISTNCSTAR 1-5B, WTC Investigation 273
Appendix E

100

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Time (s)

Figure E-3. Heat flux recorded by the two radiometers and two flux gauges in the

measurement station in Test 1.

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Time (s)

Figure E-4. Heat flux recorded by the two radiometers and two flux gauges on the

column in Test 1.

274 NISTNCSTAR 1-5B, WTC Investigation
Heat Flux Measurements

X

CD X

o

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

-5

1

'—>—I—

r

IWff

'

n i r

Test 2 HF1

-B— HF2

_1 I L J 1 L_ _l I I 200 400 600

Time (s)

800 1000

Figure E-5. Total heat flux recorded by the two flux gauges 15 cm above the floor, just

downstream of the fire pan in Test 2.

120

100

^ 80

X

CD

CD X

O

60

40

20

0

n I r T 1 r T

A

Test 2

Iff. ,

200 400 600

Time (s)

-e - HCel

HCe2 ^- HCe3

-X- - HCe4

..Xil^J L L 800 1000

Figure E-6. Total heat flux recorded by the four flux gauges in the compartment ceiling

in Test 2. The periodic spikes are due to the soot purge operation.

NISTNCSTAR 1-5B, WTC Investigation lis
Appendix E

X3

CD0X

O

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

II

Test 2

-X

1 ^

^

HCoHF

HCoHW

HCoLF

HCoLW

t i_ - - - - ?

0 200 400 600

Time (s)

800 1000

Figure E-7. Total heat flux recorded by the four flux gauges in structures adjacent to the

vertical column in Test 2. The periodic spikes are due to the soot purge operation on the

two higher gauges.

CO

CD

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

~1

I

I T"

Test 2

i> .1 -X

H2FU

H2RU

H2FD

H2RD

Q

0 200 400 600

Time (s)

800 1000

Figure E-8. Heat flux recorded by the two radiometers and two flux gauges in the

measurement station in Test 2.

276 NISTNCSTAR 1-5B, WTC Investigation
Heat Flux Measurements

X

LL

00

03 X

O

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

T 1 1

1

1 1 r "1 1

1

1 T

1 \1 1 1 1 1 r r

HF1

B~ HF2

ill jifil'lif tl

Tests

m

200 400 600

Time (s)

800 1000 1200

Figure E-9. Total heat flux recorded by the two flux gauges 15 cm above the floor, just

downstream of the fire pan in Test 3.

100

80

60

X

12

S

40

o

20

0

"T I I

I

I r Tests

"T

\ r

>.V""1

—e

HCe1

HCe2

-o — HCe3

- -X - - HCe4

I I I I

I I I

I I L 200 400 600

Time (s)

800 1000 1200

Figure E-10. Total heat flux recorded by the four flux gauges in the compartment ceiling

in Test 3. The periodic spikes are due to the soot purge operation.

NISTNCSTAR 1-5B, WTC Investigation 111
Appendix E

X

CD

(D X

"too

l60

50

40

30

20

10

0

—e - HCoHF

HCoHW

-o — HCoLF

- -X - - HCoLW

W

Mf

Tests

lli

^ > /^f'*'-- *J "V/ ^ • ^ '•^..n A t ~

J I L I I L_ 'XJ I I I

I I 0 200 400 600

Time (s)

800 1000 1200

Figure E-11. Total heat flux recorded by the four flux gauges in structures adjacent to

the vertical column in Test 3. The periodic spikes are due to the soot purge operation on

the two higher gauges.

70

60

CM 50

E

40

X

LL 30

TO

Q) X 20

10

0

T 1 r

-X

H2FU

H2RU

H2FD

H2RD

Tests

tl#tfe

n

m

0 200 400 600

Time (s)

800 1000 1200

Figure E-12. Heat flux recorded by the two radiometers and two flux gauges in the

measurement station in Test 3.

278 NISTNCSTAR 1-5B, WTC Investigation
Heat Flux Measurements

80

/ u

CME

ou

50

X

Ll- 40

ro

0) 30

O 20

h- 10

0

-.l ^ I ^

1 J...

e HF1

HF2

"1 1 T- 1

T

1- ^ ^ 1 , ^ p.

Test 4

V

J I I I I I L. J \ I L 200 400 600

Time (s)

800 1000 1200

Figure E-13. Total heat flux recorded by the two flux gauges 15 cm above the floor, just

downstream of the fire pan in Test 4.

160

140

CNE

120

100

X

Z3 LL 80

"fo CD X 60

o

1- 40

20

0

I

1 .!'

HCe1

-B— HCe2

-o HCe3

- -X- - HCe4

J \ < L 200 400 600

Time (s)

800 1000 1200

Figure E-14. Total heat flux recorded by the four flux gauges in the compartment ceiling

in Test 4. The periodic spikes are due to the soot purge operation.

NISTNCSTAR 1-5B, WTC Investigation 279
Appendix E

X

_^

li_

TO

CD X

O

100

80

60

40

20

0

a— HCoHF

HCoHW

HCoLF

-x--HCoLW

t>?)h i

||

0 200 400 600

Time (s)

800

Test 4

"1

J \ ^ L 1000 1200

Figure E-15. Total heat flux recorded by the four flux gauges in structures adjacent to

the vertical column in Test 4. The periodic spikes are due to the soot purge operation on

the two higher gauges.

150

E 100

3

CD

CD X

50

"1 1 r

e- H2FU

-B— H2RU

H2FD

-X- H2RD

"T 1

1

1 1

Test 4

I

I t

I ,!i

I j

"T 1 r "T \ r

if

.A/A

Ml

<>

_l I L. _l I I _i I 1 I

I I 200 400 600

Time (s)

800 1000 1200

Figure E-16. Heat flux recorded by the two radiometers and two flux gauges in the

measurement station in Test 4.

280 NISTNCSTAR 1-5B, WTC Investigation
Heat Flux Measurements

120

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

Time (s)

Figure E-17. Total heat flux recorded by the two flux gauges 15 cm above the floor, just

downstream of the fire pan in Test 5.

200

150

I 100

CD

CD X

o 50

-|—I

\—I—I—

]—I—I—I—I—I—i—I—

r

Tests - HCel -—- HCe2

o - HCe3

- -X - - HCe4

_J I I I

I I L _J L_l I ! 1 I I 1 I ! I L. 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

Time (s)

Figure E-18. Total heat flux recorded by the four flux gauges in the compartment ceiling

in Test 5. The periodic spikes are due to the soot purge operation.

NISTNCSTAR 1-5B, WTC Investigation 281
Appendix E

X

LL

CD X

O

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

T

I—I—I—I

—

r

"I

'<—I

\—I

!—I—

r

— HCoHF e

-B

HCoHW

O HCoLF

- -X - - HCoLW

Tests

J I

•

I \ I I I I I I I \ I L_ _l ! i I I ! 1 L_ _1 i I i L_ J "T 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

Time (s)

Figure E-19. Total heat flux recorded by the four flux gauges In structures adjacent to

the vertical column in Test 5. The periodic spikes are due to the soot purge operation on

the two higher gauges.

X

=5

350

300

250 \-

E

5 200

H2FU -

H2RU

-o — H2FD

- -X - - H2RD

150

T—I—I

I—I—I—

r

1—i—I—I—I—i—I—I—

r

—\—I—

I—I—I—I—

r

Tests

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

Time (s)

Figure E-20. Heat flux recorded by the two radiometers and two flux gauges in the

measurement station in Test 5. Gauges H2RD and H2RU were damaged during the test.

282 NIST NCSTAR 1-5B, WTC Investigation
Heat Flux Measurements

X

03

CD X

"co o

_l I I I I \ I \ I \ I : 1 \ 1

' I I I I I I I 1 I I I : I ; I I : I I I : i_ 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

Time (s)

Figure E-21. Total heat flux recorded by the two flux gauges 15 cm above the floor, just

downstream of the fire pan in Test 6.

o

200

150

if 100

^—

•

CD

CD X

"T—i—I—I—I—:—I—i—I—I—I—I—I—I—II—I—I—I—I—I—1—

r

Teste

50 ^

HCel — HCe2

HCe3

- -X - - HCe4

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

Time (s)

Figure E-22. Total heat flux recorded by the four flux gauges in the compartment ceiling

in Test 6. The periodic spikes are due to the soot purge operation.

NISTNCSTAR 1-5B, WTC Investigation 283
Appendix E

I

X3

CD X

*-> o

I200

150

100

50

n—I—I

\—I—

r

HCoHF

-E^ HCoHW

o - HCoLF

X - - HCoLW

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

Time (s)

Figure E-23. Total heat flux recorded by the four flux gauges in structures adjacent to

the vertical column in Test 6. The periodic spikes are due to the soot purge operation on

the two higher gauges.

300 "1—1—1—I

\—!—1—i—I—I—I—I—I—i——I

\—I—

r

250 L

^ 200

I

f 150

j_

I 100

r

50

0

Q H2FU - -B

H2RU

o H2FD

- -X - ^ H2RD

]—I—I I\—

I—I I

\—I—

I—I—I—i—

r

Teste

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

Time (s)

Figure E-24. Heat flux recorded by the two radiometers and two flux gauges in the

measurement station in Test 6. Gauges H2FD, H2RU, and H2RD were damaged during

the test.

284 NISTNCSTAR 1-5B, WTC Investigation
Appendix F

Thermocouple Locations on Steel Components

Chapter 9 presents representative measurements of the temperature on the surface of the steel components

and the sprayed fire-resistive material (SFRM) applied to those components. This appendix documents

the location of the thennocouples on the surface of the SFRM and the steel components in terms of their position within the test compartment (Tables F-1 through F-5).

Table F-1. Thermocouple locations on bars in Tests 1, 2, and 3. Simple Bar Test Chamber Coordinates (cm)

TC label X Y Z

Location 1

B-1 350 108 295

B-2 350 17 295

B-3 350 -43 295

B-4 350 -134 295

Location 2 B-1 500 102 295

B-2 500 12 295

B-3 500 -49 295

B-4 500 -139 295

Table F-2. Thermocouple locations on bars in Tests 5 and 6. Simple Bar Test Chamber Coordinates (cm)

TC Label X Y Z

Location 1

B-1 350 150 295

B-2 350 58 295

B-3 350 -3 295

B-4 350 -94 295

NISTNCSTAR 1-5B, WTC Investigation 285
Appendix F

Table F-3. Thermocouple locations on columns.

Column

Face Orientation

1 iNortn Z Last

3 South 4 West Test Chamber Coordinates (cm)

TC Label X Y Z

CU-] 281 69 369

CU-2 299 55 369

281 41 369

ri 1-4 263 55 369

CM-1 281 69 213

299 55 213

rM-3 \^ iVl J 281 41 213

CM-4 263 55 213

CL-1 281 69 77 CL-2 299 55 77 CL-3 281 41 77 CL-4 263 55 77

Key: CU, column upper; CM, column middle; CL, column lower.

Table F-4. Thermocouple locations on truss A (location 1). Truss A Test Chamber Coordinates (cm)

TC Label X Y Z

TU-1 164 -8 370

TU-2 313 -8 370

TU-3 388 -8 370

TU-4 537 -8 370

TM-1 199 -8 329

TM-2 335 -8 329

TM-3 365 -8 329

TM-4 502 -8 329

TL-1 250 -8 289

TL-2 300 -8 289

TL-3 401 -8 289

TL-4 451 -8 289

Key: TU, truss upper chord; TM, truss middle (web); TL, truss lower chord.

286 NISTNCSTAR 1-5B, WTC Investigation
Thermocouple Locations on Steel Components

Table F-5. Thermocouple locations on truss B (location 2).

Truss B Test Chamber Coordinates (cm)

TC Label X Y /

TU-1 164 -56 370

TU-2 313 -56 370

TU-3 388 -56 370

TU-4 537 -56 370

TM-1 199 -56 329

TM-2 335 -56 329

TM-3 365 -56 329

TM-4 502 -56 329

TL-1 250 -56 289

TL-2 300 -56 289

TL-3 401 -56 289

TL-4 451 -56 289

Key: TU, truss upper chord; TM, truss middle (web); TL, truss lower chord.

NISTNCSTAR 1-5B, WTC Investigation 287
Appendix F

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288 NISTNCSTAR 1-5B, WTC Investigation
Appendix G

Temperature Histories of Bare and Coated Steel

Components

Chapter 9 presents representative measurements of the temperature on the surface of the steel components

and the sprayed fire-resistive material (SFRM) applied to those components. This appendix presents the measured temperature histories recorded for steel components and not shown in Chapter 9.

G.1 bare steel components

Tests 1, 2, and 3 exposed the same set of two bars, one coluinn, and two trusses to direct exposure of heat

flux and temperatures from a fuel pan fire. In all three tests, the thermal response of these components to flame proximity or immersion was similar. The steel began to heat immediately upon initiation of the fire and to cool immediately after the fire was extinguished. The recorded response showed no lag time

between the steel and gas for transferring radiant heat from the higher to lower temperature mediums.

Test 1 steel surface temperatures are shown in Sec. G.I.I, Figs. G-1 through G-5; Test 2 temperatures are shown in Sec. G.1.2, Figs. G-6 through G-10; Test 3 temperatures are shown in Sec. G.1.3, Figs. G-1

1

through G-1 5.

Bar A and both truss A and truss B were located over the fire pan, but the fire tended to lean with the

airflow through the chamber and primarily immerse bar A and truss B in flames. The recorded

thermocouple temperatures for these components (1) are 50 °C to 75 °C higher than those recorded for bar B (Figs. G-2, G-7, and G-1 2) and truss A (Figs. G-4, G-9, and G-1 4) and (2) have a high frequency

component imposed upon the average temperature. These behaviors can be seen for thermocouples TB3

and TB4 on the bars and thermocouples TL3, TU3, TL4, and TU2 on the trusses. See Figs. G-1 , G-6,

and G-1 1 for bar A and Figs. G-5, G-10, G-1 5 for truss B. Note that thermocouples TM2 and TM4 on

truss B showed some irregularities in the cool down phase in Test 1 , after the fire was extinguished,

which was not evident in Test 2 but was more pronounced in Test 3. The cause of this irregularity is not known.

The columns were located next to the fire pan, but the airflow through the test chamber resulted in the fire leaning toward the exhaust outlet and away from the columns, so that they were heated primarily by

radiation from the fire and the hot gas layer near the ceiling. The sides of the column facing the fire were

heated more quickly, with TCU3 (at the ceiling level facing south), TCU2 (at the ceiling level facing

east), and TCL2 (at the floor level facing east) recording maximum temperatures during the tests (Figs. G-3, G-8, and G-1 3).

NISTNCSTAR 1-5B, WTC Investigation 289
Appendix G

The thermocouple naming convention used in the figures is as follows:

For bars (i.e., TB4SB or TB3S):

TB Bars

1,2,3,4 Location of thermocouple along length

S Steel surface

A, B Bar number (for bare steel tests)

For columns (i.e., TCU3S or TCU2S):

TC Columns

U, M, L Upper, middle, or lower location with respect to elevation

1, 2, 3, 4 Location of thermocouple along length

S Steel surface

For trusses (i.e., TL2SA or TM3SB):

T Truss

U, M, L Upper, middle, or lower location with respect to elevation

1,2,3,4 Location of thermocouple along length

S Steel surface

A, B Bar or truss number \

G.1.1 Bare Steel Components Exposed to a 2 MW Fire for 15 Min in Test 1

700

600

500

o400

a.E^ 300

200

100

0

-1 ' 1 "

1200

Time (sec)

1 1 r 600 1800 2400

-TBISA TB2SA TB3SA TB4SA

Figure G-1. Bare steel bar A in Test 1,

290 NISTNCSTAR 1-5B, WTC Investigation
Time-Temperature Histories of Bare and Coated Steel Components

700-r

600"

500

Time (sec)

TB1SB _TB2SB TB3SB TB4SB

|

Figure G-2. Bare steel bar B in Test 1.

700 ^--^ . . ^——

600 - - - -

500

Si 400

0 600 1200 1800 2400

Time (sec)

TCU4S TCU1S TCU3S TCU2S - TCM1S - TCM4S TCIV12S TCM3S

TCL1S TCL4S TCL2S TCL3S

Figure G-3. Bare steel column in Test 1.

NISTNCSTAR1-5B,WTC Investigation 291
Appendix G

0 i

1 \ 1 \ 1 1 ! 1 1! 1 1 :

0 600 1200 1800 2400

Time (sec)

TU1SB -—TU2SB TU3SB TU4SB -TM1SB -—TM2SB TM3SB TM4SB

TL1SB -—TL2SB TL3SB TL4SB

Figure G-5. Bare steel truss B in Test 1.

292 NISTNCSTAR 1-5B, WTC Investigation
Time-Temperature Histories of Bare and Coated Steel Components

G.1.2 Bare Steel Components Exposed to a 3 MVV Fire for 7 Min in Test 2

700

600

500

o 400

a.E

® 300

700

600

500

100 200 300 400 500

Time (sec)

600 700 800

- TB 1 SA - TB2SA TB3SA TB4SA

Figure G-6. Bare steel bar A in Test 2.

o 400

a.E^ 300

200

100

0 100 200 300 400 500

Time (sec)

600 700 800

.TB1SB TB2SB TB3SB TB4SB

Figure G-7. Bare steel bar B in Test 2.

NISTNCSTAR 1-5B, WTC Investigation 293
Appendix G

700

600

500 ^ o 400

E* 300 -

200

100

0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

Time (sec)

.TCU4S -TCU1S TCU3S TCU2S TCM1S TCM4S TCM2S TCM3S

-TCL1S TCL4S TCL2S TCL3S

Figure G-8. Bare steel column in Test 2.

1 100 200 300 400

Time (sec)

500 600

1 700

1 800

TU4SA

TL1SA

TU3SA

TL4SA

TU2SA

TL3SA

TU1SA

TL2SA TM4SA TM3SA TM2SA nviiSA

Figure G-9. Bare steel truss A in Test 2.

294 NISTNCSTAR 1-5B, WTC Investigation
Time-Temperature Histories of Bare and Coated Steel Components

800 n

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

Time (sec)

TU1SB - TU2SB TU3SB ^ - 711456 TM1SB - TIVI2SB T1V13SB -—TM4SB

TL1SB TL2SB TL3SB TL4SB

Figure G-10. Bare steel truss B in Test 2.

G.1.3 Bare Steel Components Exposed to a 2 MW Fire for 15 Min in Test 3

700 T —

0 -f — ^ 1

^ 1 ; ^ 1 ; 1 1 ,

,

'

0 600 1200 1800 2400

Time (sec)

I TB1SA TB2SA TB3SA —TB4SA

|

Figure G-1 1 . Bare steel bar A in Test 3.

NISTNCSTAR 1-5B, WTC Investigation 295
Appendix G

700 y600 ^

500

o 400

Q.E

0 - 600 1200 1800 2400

Time (sec)

TB1SB TB2SB —TtbsSB TB4SB

Figure G-12. Bare steel bar B in Test 3.

700

600

500

o 400

o> 300 -

200

100

600

I.I 1 1 1200

Time (sec)

— 1' ''

1800 2400

TCU4S

TCM3S

TCU1S

TCL1S

TCU3S TCU2S

TCL4S TCL2S

TCM1S - TCL3S —TCM4S TCM2S

Figure G-13. Bare steel column in Test 3.

296 NISTNCSTAR 1-5B, WTC Investigation
Time-Temperature Histories of Bare and Coated Steel Components

700 r

600 -

600 1200 1800 2400

Time (sec)

TU4SA TU3SA nj2SA TDISA TM4SA TM3SA -_-nV12SA TMISA

TL1SA TL4SA TLSSA T12SA

1

Figure G-14. Bare steel truss A in Test 3.

Figure G-15. Bare steel truss B in Test 3.

NISTNCSTAR 1-5B. WTC Investigation 297
Appendix G

G.2 INSULATED STEEL COMPONENTS

Tests 5 and 6 exposed separate sets of one bar, one column, and two trusses, insulated with sprayed fire- resistive materials (SFRM), to direct exposure of heat flux and temperatures from a fuel pan fire. Test 4 was truncated after approximately 15 min, due to a malfunction of the thermocouples that started a few

minutes after the tests began. As no useful steel temperature data was obtained. Test 4 data are not included in this report. Test 5 SFRM and steel surface temperatures are shown in Sec. G.2.1, Figs. G-16

through G-19; Test 6 temperatures are shown in Sec. G.2. 2, Figs. G-20 through G-23.

In both tests, the thermal response of these components to flame proximity or iinmersion was similar. The

SFRM surface began to heat immediately upon initiation of the fire, reaching close to their peak

temperatures in 5 min to 10 min, and to cool immediately after the fire was extinguished. The protected

steel responded more slowly, taking approximately 50 min with 1.91 cm (0.75 in.) of SFRM to reach

600 °C temperatures as compared to 7 min when bare steel was subjected to a similar 3 MW fire. The

steel temperature rise was essentially uniform for all thermocouples until the steel temperatures reached

100 °C, when the rate of temperature rise increased for all thermocouples, but at different rates. Steel

temperatures continued to rise approximately 25 °C to 50 °C after the fire was extinguished over a 5 min

to 10 min period, before cooling began to take place by transmitting heat through the insulation back into

the relatively cooler gases.

The bar in each test was located over the fire and recorded similar temperatures for the SFRM and steel surface. Thermocouples TBI S and TB4S in Test 5 (Fig. G-16) were damaged during the SFRM

application process. Thermocouples TB4 in Test 6 (Fig. G-20) showed some signal noise in the cool

down phase in Test 1 after the fire was extinguished. The cause of this noise is not known.

The columns were located next to the fire pan, but the fire leaned toward the exhaust outlet and away

from the columns, so that they were heated primarily by radiation from the hot gas layer near the ceiling. In Test 5 (Fig. G-17), the steel temperature rise was uniform for all thermocouples until the steel temperatures reached 100 °C, when the rate of temperature rise increased for all the thermocouples but at different rates. Note that thermocouple TCUIS in Test 5 was damaged during the SFRM apphcation

process. In Test 6 (Fig. G-21), however, the steel temperatures increased at different rates during the

entire test. Reasons for the difference in the steel surface response between these two column tests are not apparent. (A short in the thermocouple signal appeared around 1,500 s to 1,600 s, but the recorded

temperatures appear to be reasonable after this event and have been assumed to be correct records of the

actual temperatures.) Test 5 steel temperatures at 50 min were approximately half of the steel temperatures in Test 6, reflecting the increased nominal thickness of SFRM from 1.91 cm to 3.81 cm

(0.75 in. to 1 .5 in.). The upper portion of the columns near the ceiling heated more quickly than the rest of the column, due to the continual presence of a hot gas layer near the ceiling.

As in the bare steel tests, both truss A and truss B were located over the fire pan, but the fire primarily

immersed truss B in flames. The trusses with 1.91 cm (0.75 in.) of SFRM reached 100 °C in approximately 10 min (Figs. G-18, G-22, and G-23), and truss B in Test 5 with 3.81 cm (1.5 in.) of

SFRM in Test 5 reached 100 °C steel temperatures in 25 min (Fig. G-19), reflecting the effects of

increased SFRM thickness. Thermocouples TM3IB and TL3IB became erratic approximately 35 min into Test 5 (these thermocouples are on the SFRM surface and subject to flame immersion during the test). Some of the other SFRM surface thermocouples also recorded abrupt jumps in their temperatures around

298 NISTNCSTAR 1-5B, WTC Investigation
Time-Temperature Histories of Bare and Coated Steel Components

this time, but the steel temperatures appear to be unaffected. Thermocouple TM3SA for truss A in Test 5 was damaged during the SFRM application process.

The thermocouple naming convention used in the figures is as follows:

For bars (i.e., TB4SB or TB3I):

TB Bars

i, 2, 3, 4 Location of thermocouple along length

S Steel surface

I Insulation (SFRM) surface

A, B Bar number (for bare steel tests) For columns (i.e., TCU3S or TCU2I):

TC Columns

U, M, L Upper, middle, or lower location with respect to elevation

1, 2, 3, 4 Location of thermocouple along length

S Steel surface

I Insulation (SFRM) surface

For trusses (i.e., TL2SA or TM3IB):

T Truss

U, M, L Upper, middle, or lower location with respect to elevation

1, 2, 3, 4 Location of thermocouple along length

S Steel surface

I Insulation (SFRM) surface

A, B Bar or truss number

G.2.1 Insulated Steel Components Exposed to a 3 MW Fire for 50 Min in Test 5

1000 -r

900

800

0

' ' '

: — r-r-^ r-r^^

0 600 1200 1800 2400 3000 3600 4200 4800

Time (sec)

TB2S TB3S TBII 1B2I TB3I TB4I

I

Figure G-16. Insulated (1.91 cm SFRM) steel bar in Test 5.

NISTNCSTAR 1-5B. WTC Investigation 299
Appendix G

1000

900

800

700 — 600

o

I" 500

a> >- 400

300

200

100

0 0 600 1200 1800 2400 3000 3600 4200 4800

Time (sec)

TCU2S TCU3S TCU4S TCM1S TCM2S TCM3S TCM4S TCL1S TCL2S

TCL3S TCL4S TCU1I TCU2I TCU3I TCU4I TCM2I TCM3I TCIV14I TCL11 TCL2I TCL3I - TCL4I

Figure G-17. Insulated (3.81 cm SFRM) steel column in Test 5.

600 1200 1800 2400 3000

Time (sec)

3600 4200 4800

TU1SA "nj2SA TU3SA TU4SA TMISA -—TM2SA TM4SA TL1SA TL2SA

TL3SA TL4SA TLI1IA TU2IA TU3IA TU41A TIV12IA T1VI4IA

TL1IA TL2IA - TL3IA - TL4IA

Figure G-18. Insulated (1.91 cm SFRM) steel truss A In Test 5.

300 NISTNCSTAR 1-5B, WTC Investigation
Time-Temperature Histories of Bare and Coated Steel Components

1300

1200

1100

1000

900

o

800

700

E 600

I- 500

n

\—t—\—I\—I—I—I

I—\—I—I

\—I—I\—T

600 1200 1800 2400 3000 3600 4200 4800

Time (sec)

TU1SB m2SB TU3SB TU4SB TM1SB T1V12SB TM3SB TM4SB

TL1SB TL2SB TL3SB TL4SB TU1IB TU2IB TU3IB "aJ4IB TM1IB 7^216 - —TM3IB - TM4IB TL1IB -~-TL2IB TL3IB TL4IB

Figure G-19. Insulated (3.81 cm SFRM) steel truss B in Test 5.

G.2.2 Insulated Steel Components Exposed to a 3 MW Fire for 50 Min in Test 6

0 I r-T-r

0 600 1200 1800 2400 3000 3600 4200 4800 5400 6000

Time (sec)

- TBI S TB2S TB3S TB4S TB1I TB2I —TB3I TB4I

Figure G-20. Insulated (1.91 cm SFRM) steel bar in Test 6.

NISTNCSTAR 1-5B, WTC Investigation 301
Appendix G

1000 I 900 -

800

700 ^

0 600 1200 1800 2400 3000 3600 4200 4800 5400 6000

Time (sec) TCU1S —^.TCU2S TCU3S TCU4S TCM1S TCM2S TCIV13S TCM4S TCL1S TCL2S TCL3S TCL4S TCU1I TCU2I TCU3I TCU4I TCM11 TCM2I TCM3I -•- TCL1I TCL2I TCL31 TCL4I

Figure G-21. Insulated (1.91 cm SFRM) steel column in Test 6.

1000

900

100 ,

0 600 1200 1800 2400 3000 3600 Time (sec)

4200 4800 5400 6000

TIJISA -TU2SA TU3SA 'nj4SA TM1SA TM2SA TM3SA TM4SA —TL1SA "n.2SA TL4SA TU1 lA m2IA TU3IA TU4IA TMIIA .—..TM2IA - B/I3IA T1VI4IA TL1IA -TL3IA -TL41A

Figure G-22. Insulated (1.91 cm SFRM) steel truss A in Test 6.

302 NISTNCSTAR 1-5B, WTC Investigation
Time-Temperature Histories of Bare and Coated Steel Components

1

[ 1

1 0 600

-—I—'—

'

1200 1800 2400 3000 3600 4200

~.—1

1 "I 1 4800 5400 6000

TlrTB (sec)

TU1SB __"nJ2SB TUSSB _TU4SB TM1SB TM2SB "IM3SB TM4SB TL1SB

TL2SB TL3SB TL4SB TU1IB —"nJ2)B - TU3IB 1U4IB TM1IB TM2B

TIVMB TL1IB —-TL2IB TLaB

Figure G-23. Insulated (1.91 cm SFRM) steel truss B in Test 6.

NISTNCSTAR 1-5B, WTC Investigation 303
Appendix G

\

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304 NISTNCSTAR 1-5B, WTC Investigation