San Joaquin Valley Upland Species

Status Common Name Scientific Name

Plan 

Stage

Year of 

Plan

Recovery 

Plan

Recovery 

Priority

CVPCP HRP

Priority Explanation

Highest Priority 

Actions Highest Priority Areas

E Blunt-nosed 

Leopard Lizard

Gambilia sila F 1998 San Joaquin 

Valley Upland 

Species

2C Very High Loss and fragmentation of 

habitat by agricultural, 

residential, and 

commercial development 

was cause of decline. 

Current population 

demographics not well 

known. Located in an 

area highly impacted by 

CVP.

Determine habitat 

management and 

compatible land uses, 

conduct surveys for 

presence/absence, protect 

key habitat areas within 

range.

Key habitat in range: natural 

lands in western Madera 

County, natural lands in 

Panoche Valley of Silver Creek 

Ranch in San Benito County, 

agricultural and natural land 

between north end of 

Kettleman Hills and the 

Guijarral Hills and Anticline 

Ridge, natural lands west of 

Hwy 33 and east of the coast 

ranges between Pleasant 

Valley, Fresno County to the 

north and McKitterick Valley in 

Kern County to the south, 

natural lands of the linear, 

piedmont remnants of habitat 

west of I5 between Pleasant 

Valley and Panoche Creek in 

Fresno County, natural lands 

in upper Cuyama Valley. 

Protect additional lands in and 

around Pixley NWR, Elk Hills 

Naval Petroleum Reserves, 

Lokern natural area, 

Semitropic Ridge natural area.

E Riparian Brush 

Rabbit

Sylvilagus 

bachmani riparius

F 1998 San Joaquin 

Valley Upland 

Species

6C Very High High potential for 

downlisting although now 

critically endangered. 

Habitat alteration and loss 

due to CVP.

Identify and obtain 

biological information

needed to manage 

Riparian Brush Rabbit, 

establish 3 more wild 

populations within historical 

range on suitable habitat, 

and prepare a Recovery 

Plan specific to the 

Riparian Brush Rabbit.

Caswell Memorial State Park 

in San Jaoquin and Stanislaus 

Counties has only extant 

population. Possible habitat 

restoration on Bureau of Land 

Management land along Kings 

River in Fresno County.
Status Common Name Scientific Name

Plan 

Stage

Year of 

Plan

Recovery 

Plan

Recovery 

Priority

CVPCP HRP

Priority Explanation

Highest Priority 

Actions Highest Priority Areas

E Tipton Kangaroo 

Rat

Dipodomys 

nitratoides 

nitratoides

F 1998 San Joaquin 

Valley Upland 

Species

3C Very High Population size presently 

unknown. Habitat loss 

was due to CVP. Only 3.7 

% historical acreage 

inhabited.

Major focus is on 

acquisitions and 

conservation easements. 

Also, expand, coordinate 

and continue habitat 

management studies; study 

competition with Heerman's 

Kangaroo Rat; design and 

implement population 

monitoring program; 

inventory and assess 

parcels near existing 

protected areas. 

Kern, Kings and Tulare 

counties: Inventory and 

acquire land for suitable 

movement corridors between 

Pixley NWR and Allensworth 

Ecological Reserve, Kern 

NWR and Semitropic Ridge 

conservation lands, Kern Fan 

Element of the Kern Water 

Bank, and Cole's Levee 

Ecosystem Preserve.

E San Joaquin Kit 

Fox

Vulpes macrotis 

mutica

F 1998 San Joaquin 

Valley Upland 

Species

3C Very High Kit Fox serves as an 

umbrella species for other 

species in this recovery 

plan. Located in an area 

highly impacted by the 

CVP. Loss of grassland 

and salt desert shrub 

habitat when changed to 

irrigated agricultural use.

Protect habitat and 

enhance population 

interchanges in listed 

areas. Determine habitat 

restoration and 

management prescriptions. 

Determine current 

distribution and population 

trends with emphasis on 

potential habitat in listed 

counties.

Core populations: Carrizo 

Plain natural area in San Luis 

Obispo County, Natural lands 

of western Kern County (Elk 

Hills, Buena Vista Hill, Buena 

Vista Valley, Lokern Natural 

Area), and Ciervo-Panoche 

Natural Area of western 

Fresno and eastern San 

Benito Counties. Other areas: 

LeMoore Naval Air Station, 

Pixley/Allensworth NWR, 

Semitropic Ridge Natural Area 

and around Bakersfield metro 

area. Acquire land for suitable 

movement corridors in these 

regions.

E San Joaquin 

Woolly Threads

Lembertia 

congdonii

F 1998 San Joaquin 

Valley Upland 

Species

1 High A monotypic genus with a 

high recovery potential 

located in an area highly 

impacted by CVP. Many 

populations on public 

land.

Protect existing habitat in 

the San Joaquin Valley, 

manage populations on 

public land. Monitor 

representative sites within 

each metapopulation.

Metapopulations: Carrizo Plain 

Natural Area, Lost Hills in Kern 

County, Kettleman Hills in 

Fresno and Kings Counties, 

Jacalitos Hills of Fresno 

County. Isolated occurrences 

in Panoche Hills in Fresno 

County, Bakersfield vicinity, 

and the Cuyama Valley.

E California 

Jewelflower

Caulanthus 

californicus

F 1998 San Joaquin 

Valley Upland 

Species

2 High Potential for downlisting or 

delisting. New surveys 

and continuous 

demographic monitoring 

Protect the plants on 

private land in Santa 

Barbara Canyon. Continue 

protection and 

Santa Barbara County: Santa 

Barbara Canyon. Fresno 

County: Kreyenhegan Hills. 
Status Common Name Scientific Name

Plan 

Stage

Year of 

Plan

Recovery 

Plan

Recovery 

Priority

CVPCP HRP

Priority Explanation

Highest Priority 

Actions Highest Priority Areas

are needed. Historical 

declines due to CVP 

activities.

management of occupied 

habitat on public lands. 

Establish plants on San 

Joaquin Valley floor.

San Luis Obispo County: 

Carrizo Plain.

E Kern Mallow Eremalche 

kernensis

F 1998 San Joaquin 

Valley Upland 

Species

2 High CVP directly caused 

decline of species. 85% of 

suitable habitat on private 

land.

Protect 90 % of habitat in 

Lokern. Provide 150 meter 

buffer. 

Kern County: Lokern, between 

Buttonwillow and McKittrick

T Hoover's Woolly 

Star

Eriastrum hooveri F 1998 San Joaquin 

Valley Upland 

Species

2 High Species has high potential 

for recovery. Located in 

an area highly impacted 

by the CVP. Need 40 

acre blocks of habitat to 

support population 

fluctuations.

Protect existing population 

on valley floor from 

conflicting development, 

acquire suitable habitat to 

allow for population 

fluctuations, monitor 

populations.

Four metapopulations: 1). 

Kettleman Hills in Fresno and 

Kings Counties, 2). Carrizo 

Plain and areas in Santa 

Barbara, San Luis Obispo, 

Kern Counties, 3). Lokern -

Mariposa area in Kern County, 

and 4). Antelope Plain and 

Semitropic in Kern County.

E Bakersfield Cactus Opuntia treleasei F 1998 San Joaquin 

Valley Upland 

Species

3C High Decline of this species is a 

result of loss of habitat to 

agriculture. Residential 

development threatens 

remaining populations on 

private land.

Protect existing habitat, 

prevent fragmentation of 

metapopulations and loss 

of unocupied habitat. 

Survey and demographic 

research.

Within Kern County: North of 

Wheeler Ridge, Caliente Creek 

Drainage, Comanche Point, 

Cottonwood Creek, Kern 

Bluffs-Hart Park, Oildale-Kern 

River Oil Field-Round Mtn Rd, 

Poso Creek, Sand Ridge, 

Wheeler Ridge-Pleito Hills.

E Giant Kangaroo 

Rat

Dipodomys ingens F 1998 San Joaquin 

Valley Upland 

Species

2C High Increased effort to monitor 

may demonstrate species 

is stable or increasing and 

may have potential for 

downlisting.

Proper land use and 

management on public and 

conservation lands in 

Carrizo Plain natural area, 

Naval Petroleum Reserves 

in CA, Lokern Natural Area, 

and Ciervo-Panoche 

Natural Area. Supporting 

research on habitat 

management and 

restoration. Protection of 

additional land supporting 

key populations.

Protect public and 

conservation land: Carrizo 

Plain Natural Area, Naval 

Petroleum Reserves, Lockern 

Natural Area, and CiervoPanoche Natural Area (Kern, 

San Luis Obispo, Fresno 

Counties). Acquire and protect 

land: 90% natural land in 

Lokern Area, 90% natural land 

in California Resources Elk 

Hills, LLC, 80% of land in 

Naval Petroleum Reserves 

including Buena Vista 

/McKitterick Valley, all of Silver 

Creek Ranch, eastern bases of 

Monocline and Tumey Hills, 
Status Common Name Scientific Name

Plan 

Stage

Year of 

Plan

Recovery 

Plan

Recovery 

Priority

CVPCP HRP

Priority Explanation

Highest Priority 

Actions Highest Priority Areas

Cuyama Valley in NE Santa 

Barbara County, Kettleman 

Hills, San Juan Creek Valley in 

San Luis Obispo County. 

Acquire and restore 

periodically farmed land with 

no or Class-3 irrigation water 

rights east of occupied natural 

habitat and west of Hwy 5 

along bases of Monocline 

Ridge and Tumey Hills.

E Buena Vista Lake 

Shrew

Sorex ornatus 

relictus

F 1998 San Joaquin 

Valley Upland 

Species

3C High Partnership in place for 

Critical Habitat. Current 

population sizes and 

distribution is not well 

known. Known extant 

population restricted to 30 

acres. Habitat loss due to 

CVP activities. Restricted 

to marshy wetland habitat 

that is on private land.

Preserve Kern Lake site. 

Locate and protect 

populations in Tulare 

Basin, enhance habitat in 

listed areas.

Kern County: Kern Lake site. 

Acquire land in Tulare Basin 

(Buena Vista [BV] Lake 

Aquatic Recreation Area, BV 

Golf Course, along BV SloughGoose Lake Slough, and the 

Kern River west of 

Bakersfield), Pixley NWR, 

Goose Lake-bed, Jerry Slough 

east of Buttonwillow Ridge. 

Introductions possible at land 

of the Kern Water Bank 

Habitat Conservation Plan, 

and at Tule Elk Reserve near 

Tupman and Kern NWR.

E Palmate-bracted 

Bird's Beak

Cordylanthus 

palmatus

F 1998 San Joaquin 

Valley Upland 

Species

2C High Working group 

established. Seven 

metapopulations on 

various refuges. 

Springtown population in 

trouble. Random or 

catastrophic event could 

eliminate entire population 

because of low genetic 

variation. Located in an 

area highly impacted by 

the CVP.

Protect Springtown Alkali 

Sink metapopulation from 

development and 

incompatible use. Protect 

and restore hydrology after 

Questa Eng. Corp. 

hydrologic study 

completed. Ascertain 

genetic composition of 

Woodland population.

Populations in: Sacramento 

NWR, Delevan NWR, Colusa 

NWR in Glenn and Colusa 

Counties. Springtown Alkali 

Sink near Livermoore in Kings 

County, Alkali Sink Ecological 

Reserve/Mendota Wildlife 

Management Area in Madera 

and Fresno Counties, 

Woodland in Yolo County, 

western Madera County,

T Kern Primrose 

Sphinx Moth

Euproserpines 

euterpe

F 1984 Kern 

Primrose 

Sphinx Moth

2 High This species will benefit 

from other actions 

preserving and managing 

grassland habitat in 

Carrizo. Walker Basin 

Secure habitat through 

development and 

implementation of land 

protection plan. Survey 

known and possible 

Walker Basin in Kern County 

and the Carrizo Plains National 

Monument in San Luis Obispo 

County
Status Common Name Scientific Name

Plan 

Stage

Year of 

Plan

Recovery 

Plan

Recovery 

Priority

CVPCP HRP

Priority Explanation

Highest Priority 

Actions Highest Priority Areas

population is on private 

land. Species highly 

impacted by CVP 

activities. 

habitats annually, analyze 

population trends. 

Implement agreements with 

land owners to reduce 

pesticide use near habitat. 

Patrol habitat during flyover season and enforce 

regulations.

E Riparian Woodrat Neotoma fuscipes 

riparia

F 1998 San Joaquin 

Valley Upland 

Species

6C Medium Benefits from emphasis 

on riparian brush rabbit. A 

subspecies with low

recovery potential. Limited 

suitable habitat available.

Survey and map riparian 

areas of San Joaquin 

River, develop incentive 

plan to preserve cover and 

riparian vegetation, develop 

restoration plan for riparian 

corridors and 

reintroductions of riparian 

woodrat.

Only known population at 

Caswell Memorial State Park. 

Acquire private land to 

establish riparian corridor 

along Stanislaus River near 

extant population.

E Fresno Kangaroo 

Rat

Dipodomys 

nitratoides exilis

F 1998 San Joaquin 

Valley Upland 

Species

3C Low Presumed extinct, 

however, will move to very 

high if any Kangaroo Rats 

found in surveys

Complete studies on 

relationships and taxonomy 

of San Joaquin Valley 

kangaroo rats. Locate 

populations within historical 

range. Increase habitat 

management studies. 

Restore habitat at Lemoore 

Naval Air Station. If 

possible captive breed and 

introduce into suitable 

habitat.

Acquire additional 80 -160 

acres at LeMoore NAS. 

Protect natural land between 

Alkali Sink Ecological Reserve 

and San Joaquin River in 

Madera and Fresno County to 

the north. Acquire natural 

lands in western Madera and 

King's counties.

E California Condor Gymnogyps 

californianus

F 1996 California 

Condor

4C Low CVP may have affected 

food sources in San 

Joaquin Valley and 

Carrizo Plain. Will receive 

protection from actions to 

benefit other listed 

species such as by 

protecting lands and 

acquiring conservation 

easements.

Preserve key foraging 

areas near nests and 

roosts. Continue to monitor 

potential impacts of all 

surface-disturbing activities 

within historical condor 

range. Eliminate or reduce 

the effects of environmental 

contaminants.

Foothills of southwestern Kern 

County; the Carrizo and 

Elkhorn plains in San Luis 

Obispo and Kern counties; and 

lands in the vicinity of 

Pinnacles National Park, San 

Benito and Monterey counties.

T San Benito Evening 

Primrose

Camissonia 

benitensis

D 1998 San Benito 

Evening 

Primrose

5 Low Little impact from CVP. 

Populations heavily 

impacted by gravel mining 

Prevent additional 

degradation and loss of 

habitat. Manage OHV use 

Two occurrences in western 

Fresno County. 23 

occurrences in southeastern 
Status Common Name Scientific Name

Plan 

Stage

Year of 

Plan

Recovery 

Plan

Recovery 

Priority

CVPCP HRP

Priority Explanation

Highest Priority 

Actions Highest Priority Areas

and off-highway vehicles 

(OHV).

to accommodate primrose. 

Protect populations on nonbureau lands.

San Benito County. Serpentine 

soil endemic.

Serpentine Soil Species

Status Common Name Scientific Name

Plan 

Stage

Year of 

Plan

Recovery 

Plan

Recovery 

Priority

CVPCP HRP 

Priority Explanation

Highest Priority 

Actions Highest Priority Areas

T Bay Checkerspot 

Butterfly

Euphydryas editha 

bayensis

F 1998 Bay Area 

Serpentine 

Species

3C Very High Populations fluctuate in 

size in both time and 

location. Heavy 

development pressure has 

reduced available suitable 

habitat in Santa Clara 

County. Species decline 

associated with urban 

growth in and around a 

CVP water district with 

past and current M&I 

water deliveries. Past 

funding of recovery 

actions is lacking from 

CVP related mitigation 

programs. 

Protect existing habitat.

Promote sustainable 

grazing practices on 

affected ranch land. 

Manage habitat in 

prioritized areas. Monitor 

populations for growth 

trends. Reintroduce into 

suitable habitats and nonserpentine experimental 

habitats. 

Santa Clara County Core 

areas: Coyote Ridge (East of 

Santa Clara Valley and 

between San Jose and 

Morgan Hill and containing 4 

core areas: Kirby, Metcalf, San 

Felipe, and Silver Creek Hills). 

San Mateo County at 

Edgewood County Park. 

E Tiburon Paintbrush Castilleja affinis 

ssp. neglecta

F 1998 Bay Area 

Serpentine 

Species

9C High This is a small, disjunct

and southern-most 

population of species. 

Located in Santa Clara 

County. Species decline 

associated with urban 

growth in and around a 

CVP water district with 

past and current M&I 

water deliveries. Past 

funding of recovery 

actions is lacking from 

CVP related mitigation 

programs. 

Protection and 

management of 

populations on listed public 

lands including providing 

500 foot buffer. Seed bank. 

Survey serpentine habitat. 

Central Santa Clara County 

near Hwy 101. 

E Coyote Ceanothus Ceanothus ferrisae F 1998 Bay Area 

Serpentine 

Species

14 High Limited distribution in 

Santa Clara County, over 

60% of habitat is gone. 

Protect and enhance 

existing four known 

populations and acquire 

Santa Clara County: Anderson 

Dam, Kirby Canyon and 

Llagaas Avenue north of 
Status Common Name Scientific Name

Plan 

Stage

Year of 

Plan

Recovery 

Plan

Recovery 

Priority

CVPCP HRP 

Priority Explanation

Highest Priority 

Actions Highest Priority Areas

Heavy development 

pressure. Species decline 

associated with urban 

growth in and around a 

CVP water district with 

past and current M&I 

water deliveries. Past 

funding of recovery 

actions is lacking from 

CVP related mitigation 

programs. 

proximal serpentine habitat 

for expansion. Eliminate 

threats of recreational 

activities, dumping and 

landfill. Survey for new 

populations at suitable 

habitats, consider 

introductions. 

Morgan Hill. Perform survey of 

Croy Canyon near Morgan Hill. 

E Santa Clara Valley

Dudleya

Dudleya setchellii F 1998 Bay Area 

Serpentine 

Species

2C High Limited distribution in 

Santa Clara County, over 

60% of habitat is gone. 

Heavy development 

pressure. Focus on 

acquisitions or 

easements. Species 

decline associated with 

urban growth in and 

around a CVP water 

district with past and 

current M&I water 

deliveries. Past funding of 

recovery actions is lacking 

from CVP related 

mitigation programs. 

Protect and enhance 

existing known populations 

in Coyote Canyon and 

acquire proximal serpentine 

habitat for expansion. 

Eliminate threats of 

development, quarry 

expansion, recreational 

activities, dumping and 

landfill. Survey for new 

populations at suitable 

habitats, consider 

introductions. Seed 

banking. 

Santa Clara County: Coyote 

Canyon, Tulare Hill, Metcalf 

Canyon, Kirby Landfill.

E Metcalf Canyon 

Jewelflower

Streptanthus 

albidus ssp. albidus

F 1998 Bay Area 

Serpentine 

Species

3C High Limited distribution in 

Santa Clara County, over 

60% of habitat is gone. 

Heavy development 

pressure. Focus on 

acquisitions or 

easements. Species 

decline associated with 

urban growth in and 

around a CVP water 

district with past and 

current M&I water 

deliveries.

Protect and manage 

existing populations on 

private and Santa Clara 

County park land. Acquire 

proximal serpentine habitat 

for expansion. Eliminate 

threats from road 

maintenance and 

construction, ORV's, 

dumping, and cattle 

grazing. Seed banking. 

Survey historical locales for 

suitability for introductions. 

Study effects of vegetation 

management techniques. 

Santa Clara County: Extant 

population in Coyote Valley
Status Common Name Scientific Name

Plan 

Stage

Year of 

Plan

Recovery 

Plan

Recovery 

Priority

CVPCP HRP 

Priority Explanation

Highest Priority 

Actions Highest Priority Areas

E Presidio Clarkia Clarkia franciscana F 1998 Bay Area 

Serpentine 

Species

5 Medium Isolated population, 

urbanization caused 

habitat loss and reduced 

size of a once large 

population in Oakland 

Hills.

Protect existing populations 

through land acquisition 

and conservation 

easements, provide 500 

foot buffer zone, manage 

populations by eliminating 

invasive plants. 

Populations on public land 

have priority over those on 

private land. 

In Alameda County at 

Redwoods Park and East Bay 

Regional Park in the Oakland 

Hills. Other population is on SF 

peninsula not in CVP impact 

area.

E San Mateo 

Thornmint

Acanthomintha 

obovata ssp. 

duttonii

F 1998 Bay Area 

Serpentine 

Species

6C Low The only remaining large 

population is at Edgewood 

County Park, and an 

introduced population is at 

the Pulgas Ridge Open 

Space Preserve, both in 

San Mateo County.

However, range is 

borderline to CVP impact 

area and declines were 

not primarily a result of 

CVP.

Protect and enhance two

populations on San Mateo 

County and San Francisco 

Water District lands and set 

up monitoring program. 

Protect and enhance 

population at Edgewood 

Natural Preserve. Seed 

banking. Survey historic 

locales for suitability for reintroduction. 

San Mateo County: Edgewood 

County Park and The Triangle, 

Pulgas Ridge Open Space 

Preserve introduced 

population. 

E Fountain Thistle Cirsium fontinale 

var. fontinale

F 1998 Bay Area 

Serpentine 

Species

6 Low Found in only four 

locations in San Mateo 

County. However, range is 

borderline to CVP impact 

area and declines were 

not primarily a result of 

CVP.

Protection and 

management of existing 

populations and existing 

habitat in The Triangle and 

Edgewood County Park 

natural preserves. Seed 

banking.

In San Mateo County along the 

eastern drainages of Crystal 

Spring Lake adjacent to Hwy 

280

T Marin Dwarf flax Hesperolinon 

congestum

F 1998 Bay Area 

Serpentine 

Species

8C Low Found from Marin County 

south to San Mateo 

County. However, range 

is borderline to CVP 

impact area and declines 

were not primarily a result 

of CVP. 

Protect existing habitat and 

populations. Develop 

management plans for 

existing populations. 

Removal of invasive plants.

In San Mateo County near 

Crystal Spring Lake, 

Edgewood County Park, and 

Woodside Glen. 

E San Mateo Woolly 

Sunflower

Eriophyllum 

latilobum

F 1998 Bay Area 

Serpentine 

Species

11 Low Population is limited to 

Crystal Springs Road in 

San Mateo County 

However, range is 

borderline to CVP impact 

area and declines were 

Protect existing populations 

by combined effort with 

San Mateo County, 

Hillsborough, and the SF 

Water Department through 

land acquisition, 

In San Mateo County, only 4 

populations along Crystal 

Springs Road. 
Status Common Name Scientific Name

Plan 

Stage

Year of 

Plan

Recovery 

Plan

Recovery 

Priority

CVPCP HRP 

Priority Explanation

Highest Priority 

Actions Highest Priority Areas

not primarily a result of 

CVP

conservation easements. 

Manage populations 

through monitoring, threat 

minimization, and removal 

of competitive species.

E White-rayed 

Pentachaeta

Pentachaeta 

bellidiflora

F 1998 Bay Area 

Serpentine 

Species

8 Low The Triangle and 

Edgewood County Park in 

San Mateo County. 

However, range is 

borderline to CVP impact 

area and declines were 

not primarily a result of 

CVP. 

Only one location known 

for this species. Protect 

and manage this population 

by working with SF water 

department and San Mateo 

County. Monitoring 

surveys, seed banking

In San Mateo County in The 

Triangle area, and adjacent to 

Edgewood County Park.

Species of Chaparral and Scrub East of San Francisco Bay

Status Common Name Scientific Name

Plan 

Stage

Year of 

Plan

Recovery 

Plan

Recovery 

Priority

CVPCP HRP

Priority Explanation

Highest Priority 

Actions Highest Priority Areas

E Large-flowered 

Fiddleneck

Amsinckia 

grandiflora 

F 1997 Largeflowered 

fiddleneck 

5 Very High The species is currently 

presumed extant at only 

two locations, both in 

western San Joaquin 

County. These include the 

lone natural population at 

the Contra Costa Water 

District’s Etchelet property 

and the reintroduced 

“Drop Tower” population 

at the Lawrence 

Livermore National 

Laboratory Site 300. 

Competition from 

introduced annual grasses 

and forbs is considered 

the primary threat to the 

species. Likely threatened 

by loss of habitat from 

urban and agricultural 

conversion, in part 

through the delivery of 

Reintroduction into 10

suitable habitat sites near 

Carnegie, Hospital, and 

Draney Canyons in San 

Joaquin and Alameda 

Counties, and near historic 

re-introduction sites in 

Contra Costa County 

(Black Diamond Mines 

Regional Preserve), 

currently underway. 

Ongoing seed banking. 

Supplemental planting and 

obtaining conservation 

easements at successful 

reintroduction sites, and 

planting at new 

reintroduction sites as next 

steps.

Carnegie Canyon in San 

Joaquin County and Draney 

Canyon in Alameda County 
Status Common Name Scientific Name

Plan 

Stage

Year of 

Plan

Recovery 

Plan

Recovery 

Priority

CVPCP HRP

Priority Explanation

Highest Priority 

Actions Highest Priority Areas

CVP water, and livestock 

grazing; competition 

and/or interference from 

associated plants (mostly 

nonnative annual 

grasses).

E Callippe Silverspot 

Butterfly 

Speyeria callippe 

callippe

D N/A Callippe 

Silverspot 

Butterfly 

9C Very High Species decline 

associated with urban

growth in and around a 

CVP water district with 

past and current M&I 

water deliveries. Urban 

development and 

expansion still remains 

primary threat.

Conduct surveys to 

determine distribution. 

Protect known and 

potential habitat. Conduct 

research on biology and 

ecology of Callippe 

silverspot butterfly, host 

plant and nectar plant. 

Develop management 

plans. 

Hills near Pleasanton in 

Alameda County

T Alameda 

Whipsnake

Masticophis 

lateralis 

euryxanthus

F 2006 Chaparral / 

Scrub East of 

SF Bay

9C High Species decline 

associated with urban 

growth in and around a 

CVP water district with 

past and current M&I 

water deliveries. Urban 

growth still a primary 

threat. Grazing practices 

and fire suppression are 

also threats. 

Long term protection of 

large blocks of habitat. 

Protection in perpetuity of 

strategic areas (population 

centers and areas of 

population connectivity). 

Research management 

including effects of fire 

management, grazing 

regimes, control of nonnative species.

Contra Costa and Alameda 

Counties: There are 7 recovery 

unit areas recognized: TildenBriones, Oakland-Las 

Trampas, Hayward-Pleasanton 

Ridge, Mt. Diablo-Black Hills, 

Sunol-Cedar Mountain, 

Caldecott Tunnel Corridor, and 

Niles Canyon-Sunol Corridor. 

T Pallid Manzanita Arctostaphylos 

pallida 

F 2006 Chaparral / 

Scrub East of 

SF Bay

11C Medium Urbanization, disruption of 

natural disturbance 

regime resulted in lack of 

recruitment. Species 

decline associated with 

urban growth in and 

around a CVP water 

district with past and 

current M&I water 

deliveries. Seeds are fire 

activated. 

Secure and protect 

specified recovery areas 

from incompatible uses. 

Contra Costa and Alameda 

Counties: Sobrante Ridge, 

Tilden, and Huckleberry Ridge 

recovery areas. 
Gabbro Soil Species

Status Common Name Scientific Name

Plan 

Stage

Year of 

Plan

Recovery 

Plan

Recovery 

Priority

CVPCP HRP

Priority Explanation

Highest Priority 

Actions Highest Priority Areas

E Stebbin's Morning 

Glory

Calystegia 

stebbinsii

F 2002 Gabbro Soil 

Plants

5C High Limited distribution. 

Historical declines due to 

CVP supported 

agriculture, commercial 

and urban development 

causing loss and 

fragmentation of habitat 

and are still primary 

threats. 

Protection of areas 

occupied by species. 

Secure additional suitable 

habitat. Maintain 

metapopulation dynamics. 

Perform demographic 

studies to determine 

limiting life stages. Conduct 

surveys for occurrence in 

suitable habitats in Nevada 

County. Fire adapted plant 

affected by fire 

suppression. 

Pine Hill formation in western 

El Dorado County: Salmon 

Falls/Martel Creek and 

Cameron Park north and south 

of Hwy 50. Nevada County 

band 5.6 km across. 

T Layne's Butterweed Senecio layneae F 2002 Gabbro Soil 

Plants

5C High Limited distribution. 

Historical declines due to 

CVP supported 

agriculture, commercial 

and urban development 

causing loss and 

fragmentation of habitat 

and are still primary 

threats. 

Protect existing populations 

through habitat 

management. Maintenance 

of metapopulation. Survey 

serpentine soil areas and 

Mildred soil areas. Conduct 

studies on fire simulation 

germination treatment, 

grazing effects, effect of 

disturbance and fire on 

seedling establishment, 

pollinator identifications, 

seed banking, and 

demographic studies to ID 

limiting life stages. 

Pine Hill formation in western 

El Dorado County: Salmon 

Falls/Martel Creek, Cameron 

Park north and south of Hwy 

50, and Penny Lane preserve. 

Survey and maintain 

occurrences in Tuolumne and 

Yuba Counties. 

E Pine Hill Ceanothus Ceanothus 

roderickii

F 2002 Gabbro Soil 

Plants

5C High Limited distribution. 

Historical declines due to 

CVP supported 

agriculture, commercial 

and urban development 

causing loss and 

fragmentation of habitat 

and are still primary 

threats. 

Protection of areas 

occupied by species. 

Acquisition of proximal 

suitable habitat. Maintain 

metapopulation dynamics. 

Perform demographic 

studies to determine 

limiting life stages. Fire 

adapted plant affected by 

fire suppression. 

Pine Hill formation in western 

El Dorado County, specifically 

Salmon Falls/Martel Creek, 

Pine Hill, Cameron Park 

preserve north and south of 

Hwy 50. 
Status Common Name Scientific Name

Plan 

Stage

Year of 

Plan

Recovery 

Plan

Recovery 

Priority

CVPCP HRP

Priority Explanation

Highest Priority 

Actions Highest Priority Areas

E Pine Hill 

Flannelbush

Fremontodendron 

californicum ssp. 

decumbens

F 2002 Gabbro Soil 

Plants

6C High Limited distribution. 

Historical declines due to 

CVP supported 

agriculture, commercial 

and urban development 

causing loss and 

fragmentation of habitat 

and are still primary 

threats 

Protection of area at Pine 

Hill occupied by species. 

Seed banking. Preserve 

pollinators (native solitary 

bees) and dispersal fauna 

(ants). Maintain 

metapopulation dynamics. 

Introduce into Salmon 

Falls/Martel Creek area. 

Fire adapted plant affected 

by fire suppression. 

Pine Hills central location 

within 1.25 km of Pine Hill and

Salmon Falls/Martel Creek 

within western El Dorado 

County. Nevada and Yuba 

County need to be surveyed. 

E El Dorado 

Bedstraw

Galium californicum 

ssp. sierrae

F 2002 Gabbro Soil 

Plants

6C High Limited distribution. 

Historical declines due to 

CVP supported 

agriculture, commercial 

and urban development 

causing loss and 

fragmentation of habitat 

are still primary threats. 

Protect remaining occupied 

habitat on public and 

private land through sale of 

fee title, conservation 

easement, or voluntary 

conservation by 

landowners. Maintenance 

of metapopulation 

dynamics. Seed banking. 

Demographic studies to 

determine limiting life 

studies, reproductive 

biology research, and 

genetic studies.

Pine Hills formation in western 

El Dorado County: Cameron 

Park, NW of Salmon 

Falls/Martel Creek, and the 

Pine Hill preserve. 

E Ione Buckwheat Eriogonum apricum N/A N/A Ione 

Chaparral 

Plant

2C Low Mining, agriculture, urban 

development, loss of fire 

regime, erosion and 

fragmentation of habitat 

are primary threats. Is on 

CVP border, impact from 

CVP minor. 

Although no recovery plan 

is drafted, listing implies 

that protection and 

management of existing 

populations are vital since 

existing regulatory 

measures do not 

adequately protect species. 

Acquisition of additional 

suitable habitat and seed 

banking are other probable 

priority actions. 

Occurs in western Amador 

County near Sacramento 

County border 70 km SW of 

Sacramento in Ione Soil 

formation. Foothills of Sierra 

Nevada. All nine occurrences 

are within a 10-acre area. 

T Ione Manzanita Arctostaphylos 

myrtifolia

N/A N/A Ione 

Chaparral 

Plant

5C Low Mining, agriculture, urban 

development, loss of fire 

regime, erosion and

fragmentation of habitat 

are primary threats. Is on 

Although no recovery plan 

is drafted, listing implies 

that protection and 

management of existing 

populations is vital since 

existing regulatory 

Occurs in western Amador 

County near Sacramento 

County border 70 km SW of 

Sacramento in Ione Soil 

formation. Foothills of Sierra 

Nevada. Main population 90 
Status Common Name Scientific Name

Plan 

Stage

Year of 

Plan

Recovery 

Plan

Recovery 

Priority

CVPCP HRP

Priority Explanation

Highest Priority 

Actions Highest Priority Areas

CVP border, impact from 

CVP minor. 

measures do not 

adequately protect species. 

Acquisition of additional 

suitable habitat and seed 

banking are other probable 

priority actions. Protect 

from disease.

km square area. Disjunct 

populations in Calaveras 

County. 

Species of the Southern Sierran Foothills

Status Common Name Scientific Name

Plan 

Stage

Year of 

Plan

Recovery 

Plan

Recovery 

Priority

CVPCP HRP

Priority Explanation

Highest Priority 

Actions Highest Priority Areas

T Chinese Camp 

Brodiaea

Brodiaea pallida D/NP 2005 Southern 

Sierran 

Foothill Plants

2C Very High Mostly on private land. 

Two populations remain, 

genetics not known. 

Excellent potential for 

conservation work with 

private landowners. In 

CVP area, present threat 

from residential 

development. 

Protection of extant 

populations and habitat. 

Reintroduction into suitable 

habitat from which species 

was extirpated. Research 

habitat management.

Tuolumne River watershed, 

Tuolumne County (1.2 km 

stretch along stream). 

Stanislaus River watershed, 

Calaveras County (4.8 km 

section above Tullock 

Reservoir within channel of 

two converging streams). 

E Keck's 

Checkermallow

Sidalcea keckii D/NP 2005 Southern 

Sierran 

Foothill Plants

8 Very High Low population numbers 

and number of 

occurrences. Located in 

an area highly impacted 

by the CVP. Although loss 

of habitat due to 

agricultural development 

was primary reason for 

decline, present threat is 

from invasive plants and 

small population size. Is a 

poor competitor.

Protection of extant 

populations and habitat. 

Seed banking. Survey and 

reintroduction into suitable 

habitat from which species 

was extirpated. Research 

habitat management. 

1) Tulare County: Element 

Occurrence #5, Mine Hill, 

Tulare County and Element 

Occurrence #2, White River, 

Tulare County (if rediscovered) 

or another site if found during 

surveys. 

2) Element Occurrence #4+

adjacent colonies, Piedra area 

& Tivy Mountain Preserve, 

Fresno County.

E Hartweg's Golden 

Sunburst

Pseudobahia 

bahiifolia

D/NP 2005 Southern 

Sierran 

Foothill Plants

2 Very High Located in an area highly 

impacted by the CVP. 

53% reduction in historical 

acreage inhabited by this 

species. Habitat loss due 

to development, both 

agricultural and 

Protection of extant 

populations and habitat. 

Reintroduction into suitable 

habitat from which species 

was extirpated. Research 

habitat management.

1) Element Occurrence (EO) 

#26, quarry north of San 

Joaquin River, Madera County 

and EO #18, Barnett Ranch, 

Stanislaus County ; 2) EO 

#21, Friant area, Fresno 

County ; 3) EO #3 
Status Common Name Scientific Name

Plan 

Stage

Year of 

Plan

Recovery 

Plan

Recovery 

Priority

CVPCP HRP

Priority Explanation

Highest Priority 

Actions Highest Priority Areas

residential, remains the 

primary threat.

Warnerville, Stanislaus County 

and EO #15, Dry Creek, 

Stanislaus County; 4) EO #8, 

north of Snelling, Stanislaus 

County and EO #29, Kelsey 

Reservoir area, Merced 

County; and 5) EO #25, Friant 

area, Madera County.

T San Joaquin Adobe 

Sunburst

Pseudobahia 

peirsonii

D/NP 2005 Southern 

Sierran 

Foothill Plants

2 Very High Located in an area highly 

impacted by the CVP. 

Reduction in numbers due 

to habitat loss from 

agriculture development. 

Populations not extirpated 

have been reduced in 

size. Invasive plants and 

grazing disturbance also 

threats. 

Protection of extant 

populations and habitat. 

Reintroduction into suitable 

habitat from which species 

was extirpated. Research 

habitat management: 

Effects of grazing and 

competition from 

aggressive plants. 

Element Occurrence (EO) #1, 

Adobe Canyon, Kern County, 

EO #18, Pyramid Hill, Kern 

County, EO #23 & 24, 

Fountain Springs area, Tulare

County, EO #32 & 33, Rocky 

Hill, Tulare County, EO #15, 

Academy Avenue, Fresno 

County, EO #42, Sand Creek, 

Tulare County, EO #44, 

Wutchumna Hill, Tulare 

County, EO #14, Highway 180, 

Fresno County, EO #16, 

Redbank Reservoir, Fresno 

County, EO #30, Round 

Mountain, Fresno County, EO 

#31, northwest of Fairview, 

Fresno County, EO #27, & 28, 

Lewis Hill, Tulare County, EO 

#10, 19, & 21, Success Lake, 

Tulare County, EO #2, Long 

Tom Gulch, Kern County.

T California Redlegged Frog

Rana aurora 

draytonii

F 2002 California 

Red-legged 

Frog

6C High CVP impact was 

significant on populations 

in Alameda and Contra 

Costa Counties. Foothill 

populations have varying 

degree of historical impact 

from CVP. Red-legged 

frog numbers not stable, 

further threats from 

development and habitat 

fragmentation. 

Develop and implement 

management plans in each 

watershed,. Develop and 

implement conservation 

plans for each 

state/regional park and 

water/utility district. 

Develop and implement 

guidelines for improving 

water and air quality 

standards within range. 

Conduct and establish 

captive rearing and 

Sierra Nevada foothill sites in 

Butte, El Dorado and Placer 

counties. Throughout Contra 

Costa and Alameda Counties, 

and Henry Coe Park in Santa 

Clara County. 
Status Common Name Scientific Name

Plan 

Stage

Year of 

Plan

Recovery 

Plan

Recovery 

Priority

CVPCP HRP

Priority Explanation

Highest Priority 

Actions Highest Priority Areas

reintroduction programs. 

Include habitat connectivity 

and metapopulation 

structure in mitigation 

considerations. 

T Red Hills Vervain Verbena californica D/NP 2005 Southern 

Sierran 

Foothill Plants

8 Medium Occurs in most of its 

historic 24 sq. mile range, 

but in lower population 

numbers. Range is within 

CVP impact area. 

Threatened by 

development and 

trampling from cattle.

Protection of extant 

populations and habitat. 

Research habitat 

management, especially for 

Red Hills population. 

Demographic monitoring 

needed. Withdraw potential 

mining patents from Red 

Hill Area of Concern. Seed 

banking if private land not 

acquired. 

Protect Big Creek population 

which is on private land with 

development threat. Red Hills 

population needs 

management. 

T Mariposa 

Pussypaw

Calyptridium 

pulchellum

D/NP 2005 Southern 

Sierran 

Foothill Plants

8 Medium Occurs mostly on private 

land, but good candidate 

for fish and wildlife 

partnership program. 

Extant populations in CVP 

area. Threat from 

residential development 

and human activities. Low 

genetic variation threatens 

some populations.

Protection of extant 

populations and habitat. 

Reintroduction into suitable 

habitat from which species 

was extirpated. Research 

habitat management. Seed 

banking from Ahwahnee 

and Indian Lakes in 

Madera County. 

Private land at Jack Kirk ranch 

in Mariposa County. 

Implement management at 

Ahwanee in Mariposa County.

T Springville Clarkia Clarkia 

springvillensis

D/NP 2005 Southern 

Sierran 

Foothill Plants

8 Medium Occurs mostly on private 

land, but good candidate 

for fish and wildlife 

partnership program. 

Populations on border of 

CVP impact area. Grazing 

and invasive plants are 

threats.

Research and develop 

habitat management, 

especially effects of 

grazing, competition with 

herbaceous plants, value 

of prescribed burning.

Large majority on public lands 

in Tulare County at North and 

Middle Fork of the Tule River 

and Rancheria Creek.
Central Valley Vernal Pool Species

Status Common Name Scientific Name

Plan 

Stage

Year of 

Plan

Recovery 

Plan

Recovery 

Priority

CVPCP HRP

Priority Explanation

Highest Priority 

Actions Highest Priority Areas

T Crampton's 

Tuctoria (Solano 

Grass)

Tuctoria mucronata F 2005 Vernal Pool 2 Very High Two known extant 

occurrences. Strong CVP 

impact on vernal pools in 

central valley floor: Habitat 

loss due to agricultural 

and urban conversion of 

land in and around CVP 

service area. 

Protect existing habitat in 

Zone 1 and secondarily 

Zone 2 Core areas. 

Manage habitat by 

maintaining hydrology of 

vernal pools, controlling 

invasives, and providing 

suitable upland habitat. 

Restore former degraded 

vernal pool habitat. Seed 

banking from each 

population. Expand 

population into vernal pools 

on appropriate soil types at 

gov't communication facility 

in Yolo County. 

Former government 

communication facility in Yolo 

County near Davis.

E Longhorn Fairy 

Shrimp

Branchinecta 

longiantenna

F 2005 Vernal Pool 8 Very High Only 4 known occurrences 

that are widely separated. 

Would benefit greatly from 

additional surveys to find 

more occurrences. Strong 

CVP impact on vernal 

pools in central valley 

floor: Habitat loss due to 

agricultural and urban 

conversion of land in and 

around CVP service area. 

Protect existing habitat in 

Zone 1 and 2 Core areas. 

Manage habitat by 

maintaining hydrology of 

vernal pools, controlling 

invasives, and providing 

suitable upland habitat. 

Restore former degraded 

vernal pool habitat. 

North Carrizo Plain north of 

Soda Lake, South Carrizo 

Plain in San Luis Obispo 

County, Altamont Hills of 

Contra Costa and Alameda 

Counties, and the Grasslands 

Eco Area in Merced County. 

T Vernal Pool Fairy 

Shrimp

Brancynecta lynchi F 2005 Vernal Pool 2C Very High Wide ranging species, will 

serve as umbrella species 

for other vernal pool 

species. Strong CVP 

impact on vernal pools in 

Central Valley floor: 

Habitat loss due to 

agricultural and urban 

conversion of land in and 

around CVP service area. 

Protect existing habitat in 

Zone 1 and secondarily 

Zone 2 Core areas. 

Manage habitat by 

maintaining hydrology of 

vernal pools, controlling 

invasives, and providing 

suitable upland habitat. 

Restore former degraded 

vernal pool habitat. 

At various locations in 28 

counties including: Shasta, 

Tehama, Glenn, Butte, Placer, 

Sacramento, San Joaquin, 

Yuba, Merced, Tulare, Kings, 

Stanislaus, Madera, Fresno, 

Alameda, Contra Costa, and 

San Luis Obispo Counties.

E Vernal Pool 

Tadpole Shrimp

Lepidurus packardi F 2005 Vernal Pool 2C Very High Wide ranging species, will 

serve as umbrella species 

for other vernal pool 

Protect existing habitat in 

Zone 1 and secondarily 

Zone 2 Core areas. 

Found in 17% of vernal pools 

in the following counties: 

Shasta, Tehama, Butte, 
Status Common Name Scientific Name

Plan 

Stage

Year of 

Plan

Recovery 

Plan

Recovery 

Priority

CVPCP HRP

Priority Explanation

Highest Priority 

Actions Highest Priority Areas

species. Strong CVP 

impact on vernal pools in 

Central Valley floor: 

Habitat loss due to 

agricultural and urban 

conversion of land in and 

around CVP service area. 

Manage habitat by 

maintaining hydrology of 

vernal pools, controlling 

invasives, and providing 

suitable upland habitat. 

Restore former degraded 

vernal pool habitat. 

Sacramento, Yuba, Placer, 

Glenn, Merced, Tulare, Kings, 

Fresno Stanislaus, and 

Alameda Counties. 

T Hoover's Spurge Chamaesyce 

hooveri

F 2005 Vernal Pool 2C High 26 extant occurrences 

remain, 54% are at Vina 

Plains. Strong CVP impact 

on vernal pools in Central 

Valley floor: Habitat loss 

due to agricultural and 

urban conversion of land 

in and around CVP 

service area. 

Protect existing habitat in 

Zone 1 and secondarily 

Zone 2 Core areas. 

Manage habitat by 

maintaining hydrology of 

vernal pools, controlling 

invasives, and providing 

suitable upland habitat. 

Restore former degraded 

vernal pool habitat. Seed 

banking from each vernal 

pool region. 

The Vina Plains in Butte and 

Tehama Counties. Visalia -

Yettam area of Tulare County. 

Hickman-LaGrange area of 

Stanislaus County. 

Sacramento NWR in Glenn 

County. Bert Crane Ranch in 

Merced County.

T Colusa Grass Neostapfia 

colusana

F 2005 Vernal Pool 2C High 45 extant occurrences, at 

least one in each historical 

location, potential to 

preserve full genetic and 

geographic range. Strong 

CVP impact on vernal 

pools in Central Valley 

floor: Habitat loss due to 

agricultural and urban 

conversion of land in and 

around CVP service area. 

Protect existing habitat in 

Zone 1 and secondarily 

Zone 2 Core areas. 

Manage habitat by 

maintaining hydrology of 

vernal pools, controlling 

invasives, and providing 

suitable upland habitat. 

Restore former degraded 

vernal pool habitat. Seed 

banking from each vernal 

pool region. 

Former government 

communication facility in Yolo 

County; northeast of the city of 

Merced in Merced County; 

east of Hickman in Stanislaus 

County.

E Conservancy Fairy 

Shrimp

Branchinecta 

conservatio

F 2005 Vernal Pool 8 High Known locations protected 

at Sacramento NWR, 

Jepson Prairie, etc. Could 

benefit from additional 

habitat protection efforts 

(e.g., Vina Plains). Strong 

CVP impact on vernal 

pools in Central Valley 

floor: Habitat loss due to 

agricultural and urban 

conversion of land in and 

around CVP service area. 

Protect existing habitat in 

Zone 1 and secondarily 

Zone 2 Core areas. 

Manage habitat by 

maintaining hydrology of 

vernal pools, controlling 

invasives, and providing 

suitable upland habitat. 

Restore former degraded 

vernal pool habitat. 

Vina Plains in Butte and 

Tehama Counties, Caswell, 

Grasslands Ecological Area, 

the Flying M and Ichord 

ranches, Virginia Smith Land 

Trust in Merced County, 

Sacramento NWR in Glenn 

County, one location in 

Stanislaus County west of 

Modesto. 
Status Common Name Scientific Name

Plan 

Stage

Year of 

Plan

Recovery 

Plan

Recovery 

Priority

CVPCP HRP

Priority Explanation

Highest Priority 

Actions Highest Priority Areas

E Hairy Orcutt Grass Orcuttia pilosa F 2005 Vernal Pool 2C High 26 of 37 original 

populations now extant, 

10 of which are at Vina 

Plains. Strong CVP impact 

on vernal pools in Central 

Valley floor: Habitat loss 

due to agricultural and 

urban conversion of land 

in and around CVP 

service area. 

Protect existing habitat in 

Zone 1 and secondarily 

Zone 2 Core areas. 

Manage habitat by 

maintaining hydrology of 

vernal pools, controlling 

invasives, and providing 

suitable upland habitat. 

Restore former degraded 

vernal pool habitat. Seed 

banking from at least one 

population per occurence.

Oroville in Butte County, Vina 

Plains in Butte and Tehama 

Counties, Sacramento NWR in 

Glenn County. Madera County, 

Merced County, and 

Stanislaus Counties. 

E Sacramento Orcutt 

Grass

Orcuttia viscida F 2005 Vernal Pool 5C High 8 of 9 original populations 

now extant. 5 

occurrences, comprising 

more than 70% of 

occupied habitat, are 

located in about 2.3 sq. 

miles. Strong CVP impact 

on vernal pools in Central 

Valley floor: Habitat loss 

due to agricultural and 

urban conversion of land 

in and around CVP 

service area. 

Protect existing habitat in 

Zone 1 and secondarily 

Zone 2 Core areas. 

Manage habitat by 

maintaining hydrology of 

vernal pools, controlling 

invasives, and providing 

suitable upland habitat. 

Restore former degraded 

vernal pool habitat. Seed 

banking. 

Cosumnes/Rancho Seco, 

Mather, Phoenix Field and 

Park all in Sacramento County. 

T California Tiger 

Salamander

Ambystoma 

californiense

N/A N/A California 

Tiger 

Salamander

3 High Excellent opportunities on 

private lands within CVP 

impacted areas. 

Threatened in CVP 

impacted area, 

Endangered in Sonoma 

and Santa Barbara. 

Strong CVP impact on 

vernal pools in central 

valley floor: Habitat loss 

due to agricultural and 

urban conversion of land 

in and around CVP 

service area. 

Recovery actions not 

published. However, 

recovery actions should 

mirror common actions of 

all vernal pool species: 

protect existing habitat, 

manage habitat by 

maintaining hydrology of 

vernal pools, controlling 

invasives, and providing 

suitable upland habitat. 

Found throughout CVP 

impacted areas. 
Status Common Name Scientific Name

Plan 

Stage

Year of 

Plan

Recovery 

Plan

Recovery 

Priority

CVPCP HRP

Priority Explanation

Highest Priority 

Actions Highest Priority Areas

T Succulent (Fleshy) 

Owl's Clover

Castilleja 

campestris ssp. 

succulenta

F 2005 Vernal Pool 9 Medium 92 of 93 of original 

populations are extant, will 

benefit from other vernal 

pool habitat protection 

efforts. 

Protect existing habitat in 

Zone 1 and secondarily 

Zone 2 Core areas. 

Manage habitat by 

maintaining hydrology of 

vernal pools, controlling 

invasives, and providing 

suitable upland habitat. 

Restore former degraded 

vernal pool habitat. Seed 

banking from each vernal 

pool region. 

Eastern Merced, Madera, 

Fresno, Stanislaus, and San 

Joaquin County. 

T San Joaquin Valley 

Orcutt Grass

Orcuttia inaequalis F 2005 Vernal Pool 8 Medium 30 of 50 populations 

extant, will benefit from 

other vernal pool habitat 

protection efforts

Protect existing habitat in 

Zone 1 and secondarily 

Zone 2 Core areas. 

Manage habitat by 

maintaining hydrology of 

vernal pools, controlling 

invasives, and providing 

suitable upland habitat. 

Restore former degraded 

vernal pool habitat. Seed 

banking from at least one 

population per core area.

Fresno, Madera, Merced, and 

Tulare Counties.

T Slender Orcutt 

Grass

Orcuttia tenuis F 2005 Vernal Pool 8 Medium Of 82 known occurrences,

76 presumed extant. 

Wide geographic range in 

NE Sacramento Valley 

vernal pool region. CVP 

impacted this region. 

Focus on site-specific 

projects.

Protect existing habitat in 

Zone 1 and secondarily 

Zone 2 Core areas. 

Manage habitat by 

maintaining hydrology of 

vernal pools, controlling 

invasives, and providing 

suitable upland habitat. 

Restore former degraded 

vernal pool habitat. Seed 

banking from each vernal 

pool region. 

Shasta, Tehama, Butte, and 

Sacramento Counties. Dales in 

Tehama County is primary 

concentration of occurrences 

(27). 

E Greene's Tuctoria Tuctoria greenei F 2005 Vernal Pool 2C High Located historically in 12 

counties. 17 occurrences 

have been extirpated. 28 

extant occurrences are 

found in 7 counties. 

Habitat loss to agricultural 

development. Grazing is 

Protect existing habitat in 

Zone 1 and secondarily 

Zone 2 Core areas. 

Manage habitat by 

maintaining hydrology of 

vernal pools, controlling 

invasives, and providing 

Vina Plains in Butte and 

Tehama Counties, Richvale 

area in Butte County, eastern 

Merced County, Stanislaus, 

Glenn, Modoc, and Shasta 

Counties. 
Status Common Name Scientific Name

Plan 

Stage

Year of 

Plan

Recovery 

Plan

Recovery 

Priority

CVPCP HRP

Priority Explanation

Highest Priority 

Actions Highest Priority Areas

a continuing and primary 

threat.

suitable upland habitat. 

Restore former degraded 

vernal pool habitat. Seed 

banking from each vernal 

pool region. 

E Contra Costa 

Goldfields

Lasthenia 

conjugens

F 2005 Vernal Pool 5C Medium Concentration of species 

is in Solano County vernal 

pool region. Development, 

land use practices, and 

invasive species are 

threats. Strong CVP 

impact on vernal pools in 

central valley floor: Habitat 

loss due to agricultural 

and urban conversion of 

land in and around CVP 

service area. 

Protect existing habitat in 

Zone 1 and 2 Core areas. 

Manage habitat by 

maintaining hydrology of 

vernal pools, controlling 

invasives, and providing 

suitable upland habitat. 

Restore former degraded 

vernal pool habitat. Seed 

banking from each vernal 

pool region.

Near Rodeo in Contra Costa 

County, at the San Francisco 

Bay NWR, and near Fremont 

in Alameda County.

E Butte County 

Meadowfoam

Limnanthes 

floccosa ssp. 

californica

F 2005 Vernal Pool 2C Low Species not directly 

impacted by CVP but it 

has been funded as a 

CVP nexus. Threatened 

extensively by continued 

habitat loss and 

fragmentation from Chico.

Protect existing habitat in 

Zone 1 and secondarily 

Zone 2 Core areas. 

Manage habitat by 

maintaining hydrology of 

vernal pools, controlling 

invasives, and providing 

suitable upland habitat.

Restore former degraded 

vernal pool habitat. Seed 

banking from each 

population.

Protect 95% of habitat: Chico, 

Doe Mill, Oroville, Vina Plains 

in Butte County.

Central Valley Riparian and Wetland Species

Status Common Name Scientific Name

Plan 

Stage

Year of 

Plan

Recovery 

Plan

Recovery 

Priority

CVPCP HRP 

Priority Explanation

Highest Priority 

Actions Highest Priority Areas

T Giant Garter Snake Thamnophus gigas D 1999 Giant Garter 

Snake

2C Very High Habitat throughout 

Sacramento and San 

Joaquin Valley highly 

impacted by agriculture 

and urban development 

as result of CVP. CVP 

Identify areas of high Giant 

Garter Snake concentration 

and corridors of movement. 

Emphasize protection and 

enhancement of habitat 

and connectivity between 

Butte, Colusa, Sutter, Yolo, 

Sacramento, San Joaquin, 

Merced, and Fresno Counties. 
Status Common Name Scientific Name

Plan 

Stage

Year of 

Plan

Recovery 

Plan

Recovery 

Priority

CVPCP HRP 

Priority Explanation

Highest Priority 

Actions Highest Priority Areas

impact on SJV 

populations historically 

important. 

concentration areas. 

Protect additional suitable 

habitat in each population 

where available. Surveys 

needed in Merced and 

Fresno Counties where 

populations may be 

critically endangered.

E Least Bell's Vireo Vireo belli pusillus D 1998 Least Bell's 

Vireo

3C High Loss of riparian habitat 

due to CVP related 

activities are primary 

cause of population 

declines. Species has 

high recovery potential in 

San Joaquin Valley now.

Protect and manage 

riparian and adjacent 

upland habitat within 

historical range. Continue 

cowbird removal to 

eliminate brood parasitism. 

Conduct research and 

surveys to support 

management and 

reintroductions.

Historical range (30 years 

ago+) included entire central 

valley where species was 

abundant. Species requires 

riparian habitat for breeding. 

Now populations in CVP area 

are in Salinas River Valley in 

Monterey and San Benito 

Counties. Recent nesting 

activity at San Joaquin River 

NWR. 

T Valley Elderberry 

Longhorn Beetle

Desmocerus 

californicus 

dimorphus

F 1984 Valley 

Elderberry 

Longhorn 

Beetle

9 Medium 5-year review may change 

status of species.

Field studies and 

collections of adult beetles. 

Determine nature of 

contact zone between 

subspecies. Conduct life 

history and demographic 

studies. Study ecological 

interaction between VELB 

and host plant. Study egg 

inoculation techniques. 

Conduct scent-dog surveys 

to detect VELB.

Alameda, Amador, Butte, 

Calaveras, Colusa, Contra 

Costa, El Dorado, Fresno, 

Glenn, Madera, Mariposa, 

Merced, Nevada, Placer, 

Sacramento, San Benito, San 

Joaquin, San Luis Obispo, 

Shasta, Stanislaus, Sutter, 

Tehama, Tuolumne, Yolo, and 

Yuba. 

T Yellow-billed 

cuckoo

Coccyzus 

americanus

N/A N/A N/A 3C High Loss of riparian habitat 

due to CVP related 

activities is the primary 

cause of population 

declines. Changes in 

stream flow dynamics, 

reduction of stream 

meander, invasive species 

(tamarisk, fig, and black

walnut), and aging of 

habitat have combined to 

reduce the quality of 

Protect, manage, and 

restore native riparian 

habitat and adjacent 

uplands within historical 

range. Conduct research 

and surveys to support land 

acquuisition, restoration, 

and management to help 

recover the species.

Historical range included the 

entire Central Valley where the 

species was common. The 

species requires riparian 

habitat for foraging and 

breeding. Central Valley 

populations are greatly 

reduced from historic levels, 

with the most stable population 

located in the South Fork Kern 

River Valley. Priority program 

areas lay along the main 
Status Common Name Scientific Name

Plan 

Stage

Year of 

Plan

Recovery 

Plan

Recovery 

Priority

CVPCP HRP 

Priority Explanation

Highest Priority 

Actions Highest Priority Areas

remaining habitat. The 

species has a high 

recovery potential in the 

Central Valley.

stems of the Sacramento

River, San Joaquin River, and 

south fork of the Kern River.

T California Redlegged Frog

Rana aurora 

draytonii

F 2002 California 

Red-legged 

Frog

6C High CVP impact was 

significant on populations 

in Alameda and Contra 

Costa counties. Foothill 

populations have varying 

degree of historical impact 

from CVP. Red-legged 

Frog numbers not stable, 

further threats from 

development and habitat 

fragmentation. 

Develop and implement 

management plans in each 

watershed. Develop and 

implement conservation 

plans for each 

state/regional park and 

water/utility district. 

Develop and implement 

guidelines for improving 

water and air quality 

standards within range. 

Conduct and establish 

captive rearing and 

reintroduction programs. 

Include habitat connectivity 

and metapopulation 

structure in mitigation 

considerations. 

Sierra Nevada foothill sites in 

Butte, El Dorado and Placer 

Counties. Throughout Contra 

Costa and Alameda Counties, 

and Henry Coe Park in Santa 

Clara County. 

Species of the Antioch Dunes Ecosystem

Status Common Name Scientific Name

Plan 

Stage

Year of 

Plan

Recovery 

Plan

Recovery 

Priority

CVPCP HRP 

Priority Explanation

Highest Priority 

Actions Highest Priority Areas

E Antioch Dunes 

Evening Primrose

Oenothera 

deltoides ssp.

howellii 

F 1984 Antioch 

Dunes

9 High Distribution limited to 

dunes, invasive plants are 

primary threat. On border 

of CVP impacted area. 

Historical hydrological 

processes that allowed for 

essential sand deposition 

and dune formation highly 

impacted by CVP.

Maintain present habitat. 

Prevent further fuelbreak 

maintenance and spread of 

exotic plants. Eliminate 

established invasive plants. 

Reestablish dunes using 

available sand. 

Antioch Dunes NWR, Contra 

Costa County

E Contra Costa 

Wallflower

Erysimum 

capitatum var. 

angustatum 

F 1984 Antioch 

Dunes

6 High Distribution limited to 

dunes, invasive plants are 

primary threat. On border 

of CVP impacted area. 

Maintain present habitat. 

Prevent further fuelbreak 

maintenance and spread of 

exotic plants. Eliminate 

Antioch Dunes NWR, Contra 

Costa County
Status Common Name Scientific Name

Plan 

Stage

Year of 

Plan

Recovery 

Plan

Recovery 

Priority

CVPCP HRP 

Priority Explanation

Highest Priority 

Actions Highest Priority Areas

Historical hydrological 

processes that allowed for 

essential sand deposition 

and dune formation highly 

impacted by CVP.

established invasive plants. 

Reestablish dunes using 

available sand. 

E Lange's Metalmark 

Butterfly 

Apodemia mormo 

langei

F 1984 Antioch 

Dunes

9 High Distribution limited to 

dunes, invasive plants are 

primary threat. On border 

of CVP impacted area. 

Historical hydrological 

processes that allowed for 

essential sand deposition 

and dune formation highly 

impacted by CVP.

Maintain present habitat. 

Prevent further fuelbreak 

maintenance and spread of 

exotic plants. Eliminate 

established invasive plants. 

Reestablish dunes using 

available sand. Conduct 

captive propagation at 

Moorpark College

(America’s Teaching 

Zoo/The Butterfly Project), 

and reintroduction efforts at 

the Antioch Dunes NWR. 

Antioch Dunes NWR, Contra 

Costa County

Tidal Marsh Species

Status Common Name Scientific Name

Plan 

Stage

Year of 

Plan

Recovery 

Plan

Recovery 

Priority

CVPCP HRP 

Priority Explanation

Highest Priority 

Actions Highest Priority Areas

E Salt Marsh Harvest 

Mouse

Reithrodontomys 

raviventris

D/NP N/A Tidal Marsh 

Ecosystem

2C Low On CVP area border. 

Historically, loss of habitat 

mostly took place before 

CVP. CVP had minor 

affect on tidal marsh in SF 

Bay. 

Protect existing tidal marsh 

habitat to promote the 

recovery and long term 

conservation of the harvest 

mouse. Manage, restore, 

and monitor tidal marsh 

habitat to promote the 

recovery of the harvest 

mouse. Conduct rangewide species status 

surveys/monitoring and 

status reviews. 

Possible populations in Contra 

Costa County on southern 

shore of Suisun Marsh

E California Clapper 

Rail

Rallus longirostris 

obsoletus

D/NP N/A Tidal Marsh 

Ecosystem

3C Low On CVP area border. 

Historically, loss of habitat 

mostly took place before 

CVP. CVP had minor 

affect on tidal marsh in SF 

Bay. 

Protect existing tidal marsh 

habitat to promote the 

recovery and long term 

conservation of the clapper 

rail. Manage, restore, and 

monitor tidal marsh habitat 

The tidal salt marshes of south 

San Francisco Bay, Muzzi 

Marsh and adjacent Corte 

Madera Marsh, Near the

headwaters of Suisun and Hill 

Sloughs. 
Status Common Name Scientific Name

Plan 

Stage

Year of 

Plan

Recovery 

Plan

Recovery 

Priority

CVPCP HRP 

Priority Explanation

Highest Priority 

Actions Highest Priority Areas

to promote the recovery of 

the clapper rail. Conduct 

range-wide species status 

surveys/monitoring and 

status reviews. 

E Soft Bird's Beak Cordylanthus mollis 

ssp. mollis

D/NP N/A Tidal Marsh 

Ecosystem

9C Low On CVP area border. 

Historically, loss of habitat 

mostly took place before 

CVP. CVP had minor 

affect on tidal marsh in SF 

Bay. 

Protect existing tidal marsh 

habitat to promote the 

recovery and long term 

conservation of Soft Bird's 

Beak. Manage, restore, 

and monitor tidal marsh 

habitat to promote the 

recovery of Soft Bird's 

Beak. Conduct range-wide 

species status surveys/

monitoring and status 

reviews. 

The Carquinez Straits and the 

Suisun Marsh area, in northern 

Contra Costa County. Only two 

substantial populations, each 

comprising multiple colonies, 

are confirmed to occur outside 

of Suisun Marsh today, one at 

Fagan Slough (eastern Napa 

River, non-CVP area) and one 

at Southampton Marsh, 

Benicia. 

Pacific Coastal Species

Status Common Name Scientific Name

Plan 

Stage

Year of 

Plan

Recovery 

Plan

Recovery 

Priority

CVPCP HRP 

Priority Explanation

Highest Priority 

Actions Highest Priority Areas

T Monterey 

Spineflower

Chorizanthe 

pungens var.

pungens

F 1998 Seven coastal 

plants and 

Myrtle's 

silverspot 

butterfly

15 Low Most populations outside 

CVP impact area. Salinas 

Valley populations 

impacted by agriculture 

supported by CVP. 

Establish working group 

with landowners. Devise 

and implement a 

management plan. 

Santa Cruz and Monterey 

Counties including Salinas 

Valley and Manzanita Park in 

Prunedale.

T Santa Cruz 

Tarweed

Holocarpha 

macradenia

N/A N/A N/A 8 Low CVP may have assisted 

agricultural, ranch and 

urban development in 

coastal terraces in Santa 

Cruz. Populations close to 

CVP impact borderline. 

No recovery plan. 

Recovery actions implied in 

critical habitat listing 

include protect remaining 

coastal terrace habitat from 

any development. Remove 

invasive plant species. 

Manage remaining 

populations. Seed banking. 

Critical habitat established in 

2001 to cover 2,902 acres in 

Contra Costa, Santa Cruz, and 

Monterey Ccounties. Coastal 

terrace prairie habitat. 

Reintroductions taking place in 

East Bay hills at Wildcat Park.

T Western Snowy 

Plover

Charadrius 

alexandrinus 

nivosus

D 2001 Western 

snowy plover

3C Low CVP had minor effect on 

coastal areas, including 

Monterey Bay.

Manage and monitor 

breeding, wintering, and 

migration sites. Develop 

Coastal and tidal marsh 

breeding sites along California 
Status Common Name Scientific Name

Plan 

Stage

Year of 

Plan

Recovery 

Plan

Recovery 

Priority

CVPCP HRP 

Priority Explanation

Highest Priority 

Actions Highest Priority Areas

long term management 

plan. Conduct recovery 

based scientific research. 

coast. Significant population 

along Monterey Bay.

E Santa Cruz Longtoed Salamander

Ambystoma 

macrodactylum 

croceum

D 1999 Santa Cruz 

Long-toed 

Salamander

6C Low CVP had minor impact on 

Santa Cruz coastal area. 

Perpetuate self sustaining

populations through 

protection and 

management. Conduct 

surveys for new 

populations and suitable 

habitat. Assess distribution 

from survey results. 

Conduct management 

based research.

3 metapopulations in coastal 

Santa Cruz and Monterey C

counties from the city of Aptos 

south to the city of Castroville. 

E Robust Spineflower Chorizanthe 

robusta var.

robusta

F 2004 Robust 

Spineflower

9 Low CVP had minor impact on 

Santa Cruz coastal area. 

Most populations out of 

CVP area.

Protect and manage 

existing populations. 

Conduct management 

oriented research. 

Establish new populations. 

There are 10 populations in 

coastal Santa Cruz County 

from Santa Cruz to Sunset 

State Beach. Other 2 

populations in Marin County, 

out of CVP area.