Additions to the 

Fauna of the Raritan 

Formation (Cenomanian) 

of New Jersey

By LLOYD WILLIAM STEPHENSON

A SHORTER CONTRIBUTION TO GENERAL GEOLOGY

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 264-B

Descriptions and illustrations of 

fossils of Late Cretaceous age; 

mostly pelecypods and gastropods

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1954
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

Douglas McKay, Secretary

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

W. E. Wrather, Director

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office 

Washington 25, D. C. - Price 70 cents (paper cover)
CONTENTS

Abstract. __-----_____-_____-_____ 

Introduction. _ ___________________

List of species and their significanceSystematic descriptions. _. _________

Spongiae___________________

25

25

26

27

27

Pelecypoda.

Systematic descriptions—Continued 

Scaphopoda__ _ -____-____--___

Gastropoda._________________

Miscellaneous specimens_______

Selected references ________________

27 Index.

35

35

40

40

43

ILLUSTRATIONS

[Plates 6-8 follow page 44]

PLATE 6. Spongiae and Pelecypoda.

7. Pelecypoda.

8. Gastropoda and fecal? pellets.

in

A SHORTER CONTRIBUTION TO GENERAL GEOLOGY

ADDITIONS TO THE FAUNA OF THE RARITAN FORMATION (CENOMANIAN) OF NEW JERSEY

By LLOYD WILLIAM STEPHENSON

ABSTRACT

Fossils collected by Roger C. Baker, geologist, Ground Water 

Branch of the Water Resources Division, United States Geological Survey, in 1940-41, from the lower part of the Raritan 

formation (Upper Cretaceous) in clay pits at Sayreville, New 

Jersey, include a new genus, Naritra, nine new species, and one 

new variety. They are: Barbatial cuniculana, Nemodon obesus, 

Ostrea (Alectryonia) jerseiana, Plicatula ferrata, Naritra pollicifor mis, Opist elevata var. biangulata, Linearia lirulifera, Lirpsa? 

lepida, Voysat cuniculana, and Paladmete pristina.

Five previously described species in the list from Sayreville, 

two of them questionably identified, are common to the Woodbine formation of Texas. These are: Cliona retiformis Stephenson, Idonearca blanpiedi Stephenson ?, Phelopteria dalli (Stephenson) ?, Ostrea soleniscus Meek, and Caryocorbula ? ovisana 

Stephenson.

Species in the list common to a fauna obtained from a sample 

of marl dredged from a depth of 200 fathoms on Banquereau 

Bank, off Nova Scotia, are: Phelopteria dalli (Stephenson) ?, and 

Anchura pontana Stephenson. Turritella bakeri Richards belongs 

to a group of noded Turritellas that occur in both the Woodbine 

formation and at the Banquereau Bank locality. The new 

varietal form, Opts? elevata biangulata, is very closely related to 

0. ? elevata Stephenson from the Woodbine formation.

Supplementary descriptions of several species previously described by H. G. Richards from the clay pits at Sayreville are 

given.

The evidence afforded by the collections from the clay pits at 

Sayreville indicates that the Raritan formation, particularly the 

lower part, corresponds approximately in age to the Woodbine 

formation (Cenomanian) of Texas, and to the sample of shell 

marl dredged from the Atlantic Ocean on Banquereau Bank, off 

Nova Scotia.

INTRODUCTION

The two collections of fossils used in the preparation 

of this paper were made by Roger C. Baker, geologist, 

Ground Water Branch of the Water Resources Division, U. S. Geological Survey, at Sayreville, Middlesex 

County, New Jersey, in 1940-41. One of the collections (USGS 19013) was obtained from "impure 

siderite nodules near the upper portion of the Woodbridge member of the Raritan formation," (quoted 

from collector's label) in a clay pit of the Sayre and 

Fisher Brick Co. The other coUection (USGS 19014)

came from "nodules of impure siderite (?) in the upper 

portion largely of the Woodbridge member of the 

Raritan formation," in the southern pit (south of the 

railroad track) of the New Jersey Clay Products Co. 

In both collections the concretions are sandy and contain an abundance of fine muscovite mica flakes, and 

in both, most of the original siderite has been oxidized 

to hematite and limonite. In collection 19013, the 

weathered surfaces have been leached to light-gray 

micaceous sand. The two collections seem to have 

come from essentially the same zone.

Previous to 1943 only 8 species of mollusks had been 

recorded from the Raritan formation. That year 

H. G. Richards (1943, p. 15-32, pis. 4-7) published a 

paper in which he briefly reviewed the history of the 

development of knowledge concerning the formation 

and its contained flora and fauna. He added the names 

of 20 species and 2 varieties not previously recorded 

from the formation. Thirteen of the species and the 

two varieties were new and were named and described 

by him in the paper cited; the others had been previously recorded from stratigraphically higher Upper 

Cretaceous formations. The new species and varieties 

were obtained from the clay pits at Sayreville. In 

addition to the named species, Richards recorded the 

following specifically unidentified genera that had not 

previously been reported from the formation; Pinna 

Linne", Exogyra Say, Anchura Conrad, and Fasciolaria 

Lamarck.

The Raritan formation is the basal formation of the 

Upper Cretaceous series, as that series is developed in 

New Jersey. The lithologic character of the formation 

as it occurs in outcrop, is described in detail by H. B. 

Kiimmel and G. N. Knapp (1904, p. 161-203). The 

formation in Middlesex County is composed of 240 

to 290 feet of exceedingly irregularly bedded sands and 

clays. The sands include nearly pure quartz sand, 

and micaceous, lignitic, and arkosic sands; some of the

25
26 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY

arkosic sands are suitable for the manufacture of 

firebrick. The clay layers and lenses are variable 

in thickness and composition and include many commercially important bodies of stoneware clay, fire 

clay, terra-cotta clay, and brick clay.

According to Kummel and Knapp (1904, p. 164), 

the sands and clays of the Raritan formation are generally considered to have accumulated under broad 

estuarine conditions, and the few fossils known from 

the formation at that time are considered to have lived 

in brackish waters. Later collections, including those 

described in the present paper, belong definitely to 

species that inhabited shallow marine waters. It 

would appear, therefore, that open-sea conditions 

existed while part or all of the formation was being 

deposited. Most of the fossils described by Richards 

(1943), and all of those described in the present paper, 

came from the clay pits at Sayreville. The zone which 

yielded the fossils is in the upper part of the bed which 

is known commercially as the Woodbridge clay. This 

clay bed lies stratigraphically well above the base 

and considerably below the middle of the Raritan 

formation.

The additions to the fauna of the Raritan formation, 

here recorded, are of interest partly because 1 genus, 9 of 

the species, and 1 variety are new to science, and 

partly because at least 8 of the species afford confirmatory evidence that the Raritan formation is about 

the age of the Woodbine formation (Cenomanian) of 

Texas. The present material exhibits more clearly 

certain features not preserved on some of the specimens 

described by Richards, and these additional features 

are here described and figured. One species, Geloinat 

tenuidens (Whitfield), which was referred questionably 

to Rangia Des Moulins by Whitfield (1885), Weller 

(1907), and Richards (1943), is here redescribed on 

the basis of new information about the hinge features.

A complete list and a table of distribution of the 

molluscan species from the Raritan formation known 

to Richards in 1943 is given on page 31 of his paper.

LIST OF SPECIES AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE

A list of the fossil forms treated in the present paper 

follows. All are mollusks except Cliona retiformis 

Stephenson, which is a sponge.

List of genera and species from Sayreville, treated in 

["Indicative of Woodbine age]

Class Spongiae:

*Cliona retiformis Stephenson 

Class Pelecypoda:

Barbatial cuniculana Stephenson, n. sp.

Breviarcal sp. A

Breviarcat sp. B

paper

Class Pelecypoda—Continued

*Idonearca blanpiedi Stephenson? 

Nemodon obesus Stephenson, n. sp. 

Pinna"! sp. 

Pedaliont sp.

*Phelopteria dalli (Stephenson) ? 

Ostrea (Alectryonia) jerseiana Stephenson, n. sp.

*0strea soleniscus Meek 

Exogyra sp.

Pecten (Camptonectes) sp. 

Plicatula howelli Richards 

Plicatula ferrata Stephenson, n. sp. 

Naritra polliciformis Stephenson, n. gen. and sp.

*Geloinal tenuidens (Whitfield)

*0pist elevata biangulata Stephenson, n. var. 

Fulpia! sp. 

Cardium sp. A 

Cardium sp. B 

Cardium sp. C

Cardium (Granocardiumt) sp. 

Callistinat johnsoni (Richards) 

Linearia lirulifera Stephenson, n. sp.

*Caryocorbula<? ovisana Stephenson

"Corbula" sp. 

Class Scaphopoda:

Dentalium sp. 

Class Gastropoda:

Petropomal raritanum (Richards)

Helicacanthusl sp. A

Helicacanthusl sp. B

Lirpsal lepida Stephenson, n. sp.

*Turritella bakeri Richards 

"Pyrgulifera" sp. 

Voysal cuniculana Stephenson, n. sp.

*Anchura pontana Stephenson 

Lispodesthest sp. 

Strepsidurat sp. A 

Strepsidural sp. B 

Aliofususf sayrei Richards 

Paladmete pristina Stephenson, n. sp. 

Pirsila! sp.

The species in the list that are regarded as affording 

either direct or indirect evidence of the Woodbine 

(Cenomanian) age of the fauna are marked with an 

asterisk (*). Five of these species are identified, two 

of them questionably, with Woodbine species. One 

new variety, Opis ? elevata biangulata, is closely related 

to the typical 0. ? elevata Stephenson from the Woodbine 

formation. The genus Opis Defrance is rare in the 

American Cretaceous, if indeed a true representative is 

present at all. The species Phelopteria dalli (Stephenson) was originally recorded as a member of a fauna 

considered to be of Woodbine age; the holotype was 

found in a piece of sandy shell marl dredged from a 

depth of 200 fathoms on Banquereau Bank 1 east of Nova 

Scotia (Dall, 1925, p. 213-218; Stephenson, 1936b, 

p. 384-404). The species is also recorded from the 

Woodbine formation. Turritella bakeri Richards be1 Name used by the Department of Mines and Resources of Canada.
ADDITIONS TO FAUNA OF THE RARITAN FORMATION, NEW JERSEY 27

longs to a group of noded Turritellas that has not been 

reported in America from beds of the Upper Cretaceous 

series younger than Cenomanian; representatives of the 

group are present in both the Woodbine and Banquereau 

Bank faunas. The type of Anchura, pontana Stephenson is from the Banquereau Bank locality. Among 

the species listed by Richards from the Raritan formation is the gastropod Avellana pelagana Stephenson, 

the type of which came from Banquereau Bank.

The fauna from the clay pits in the Raritan formation 

at Sayreville, N. J., affords satisfactory evidence of the 

Woodbine (Cenomanian) age of the clay, known commercially as the Woodbridge fire clay. The evidence 

also indicates that this clay corresponds in age to a 

sample of shell marl dredged from a depth of 200 fathoms on Banquereau Bank, east of Nova Scotia.

The fauna from the Woodbridge fire clay affords no 

evidence for or ajainst a recently expressed opinion 

that the Arundel and Patapsco formations of the 

Maryland-Delaware area should be classed with the 

Upper Cretaceous, rather than with the Lower Cretaceous series, as has been the accepted correlation for 

many years. Proponents of this new age assignment 

are H. E. Yokes (1949, p. 129-133), and W. B. Spangler 

and J. J. Peterson (1950, p. 8, 62-71). Vigorous opponents of this new age assignment, and at the same time, 

proponents and defenders of the older correlations, are 

M. E. Johnson and H. G. Richards (1952, p. 2150-2160), 

and Erling Dorf (1952, p. 2161-2184).

Spangler and Peterson (1950, p. 8, 15-21) express 

the opinion that the Raritan formation of New Jersey 

includes beds of both the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian) and Lower Cretaceous (Albian) series. According to Kummel and Knapp (1904, p. 163) the 

estimated maximum thickness of the Raritan formation in Middlesex County is 390 feet. They assign 

the Woodbridge fire clay to a position low in the formation, presumably below the middle. This must mean 

that the thickness of the Cretaceous sediments between 

the fire clay and Triassic basement cannot be more 

than 200 feet, and is probably less than 150 feet. 

These sediments, composed of irregularly bedded 

sands and clays, are accepted by all geologists who 

have studied them as forming a part of one unbroken 

geologic unit. They are of a kind that would be expected to be deposited rapidly. Since the fauna contained in the Woodbridge fire clay is of Woodbine age 

(Cenomanian), and since the Woodbine formation is 

not the lowest geologic unit of the Cenomanian, the 

Albian age of the beds forming the lower part of the 

Raritan formation seems highly improbable. They are 

probably of Cenomanian age.

SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS

Class SPONGIAE

Family CLIONIDAE

Genus CLIONA Grant, 1826

Cliona retiformis Stephenson

Plate 6, figure 1

[1953]. Cliona retiformis Stephenson, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. 

Paper 242, p. 50, pi. 8, figs. 1-3, 1952.

The ferruginous casts of sponge borings which appear 

to be essentially like those of Cliona retiformis Stephenson, from the Woodbine formation of Texas, are present 

on the internal mold of a shell of Ostrea soleniscus Meek, 

and on the imprint of a fragment of a thick unidentified shell. The original description of the species, 

quoted below, applies equally well to these New Jersey 

casts, except that the meager available material does 

not display as great a variety of growth patterns as the 

Texas material. The boring sponges of the genus 

Cliona are commensal on their host, using the enclosing 

shell for protection only. The following is quoted 

from Professional Paper 242, p. 50:

The young sponges entered the shell through numerous circular openings of their own making, which range in diameter from 

0.1 mm or less to about 0.5 mm. Once inside the shell the young 

sponges bored laterally, the individuals often meeting and fusing 

to form colonial assemblages. The borings are extremely irregular, ranging from small to relatively large tubes, swelling at intervals to still larger irregular ovate- or jug-shaped cavities. 

The pattern may be that of an open lacework of labyrinthine 

passages or a dense mesh of tubes and turnip-shaped intercommunicating cavities. The surface of the cast is finely stippled, 

a feature which appears to be characteristic of the genus.

Types.—Holotype, USNM 105068, from the Euless member 

of the Woodbine formation of Texas; paratypes from the Woodbine formation include USNM numbers 105069-105072; 1 

figured plesiotype from the Raritan formation, USGS 19014, 

USNM 108611; 1 unfigured example from the same source, 

USNM 108612.

Class PELECYPODA

Family ARCIDAE

Genus BARB ATI A Gray, 1842

Barbatia? cuniculana Stephenson, n. sp.

Plate 6, figures 2-5

Shell of medium size, elongate-subtrapezoidal, moderately inflated, very inequilateral, equivalve. Beaks 

prominent, incurved, prosogyrate, situated about onefifth the length of the shell from the anterior end; umbonal region broad. A very broad, shallow depression 

extends from the umbo downward and obliquely backward to the ventral margin, centering a little in advance of midlength. The umbonal ridge forms a broadly
28 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY

rounded swell extending to the lower posterior extremity. Dorsal margin long, straight; anterior margin 

evenly and rather sharply rounded; ventral margin 

nearly straight or even broadly concave centrally, 

curving upward at each end; posterior margin sharply 

rounded below at end of umbonal ridge, broadly 

rounded and inclined strongly forward above. Entire 

surface covered with fine, somewhat irregular radiating 

costae, narrower than the interspaces; the costae increase only slightly in size toward the margins and new 

costae are added by intercalation. Concentric growth 

lines are weak and inconspicuous except at resting 

stages, which may appear at irregular intervals as 

rather deep, conspicuous grooves.

Dimensions of a paratype, an internal mold of a right 

valve: Length 30.6 mm, height 16.5 mm, convexity 5.5 

mm.

The cardinal area is amphidetic, long and narrow; 

and incomplete impressions in molds show the presence 

of several chevron-shaped ligamental grooves. The 

hinge is long and narrow; the central part is not clearly 

preserved but presumably it bears small, transverse 

teeth; each end of the hinge widens and arches down 

slightly and bears several small teeth that trend 

obliquely downward and inward. The adductor scars 

are small and weakly or obscurely impressed on the 

internal molds.

Types.—Holotype, USNM 108613; 3 figured paratypes, 

USNM 108614; 8 unfigured paratypes, USNM 108615. All are 

from the southern pit of the New Jersey Clay Products Co., 

Sayreville, N. J. (USGS 19014).

Genus BREVIARCA Conrad, 1872 

Breviarca? sp. A 

Plate 6, figures 6, 7

Five internal molds and part of one external mold of 

a small bivalve species in the collection from the southern pit of the New Jersey Clay Products Co. (USGS 

19014), are questionably referred to the genus Breviarca 

Conrad. The shell is short-subtrapezoidal in outline, 

inequilateral, equivalve, moderately inflated. Beaks 

rather sharply pointed, incurved, and situated about 

at the midlength. Umbonal ridge angular and the 

steeply descending posterodorsal slope flattish. Anterior margin sharply rounded; ventral margin nearly 

straight; posterior margin angular below, nearly straight 

and inclined forward above. Small evenly spaced concentric ridges cover the main surface and are crossed 

by weak, closely spaced radiating lines, producing an 

obscure, finely punctate ornamentation; the posterodorsal slope is marked only by fine, obscure radial lines. 

The hinge is short, arches down at each end, and bears 

small teeth that are oblique downward and inward.

The internal mold of a right valve shown in plate 6, 

figure 6, measures: Length 10 mm, height 6.8 mm, convexity about 1.5 mm. Two figured specimens, USNM 

108616; four unfigured specimens, USNM 108617.

Breviarca? sp. B 

Plate 6, figure 8

An internal mold of the right valve of a short, relatively high, compressed taxodont bivalve in the collection from the southern pit of the New Jersey Clay 

Products Co. (USGS 19014) is too incompletely preserved for accurate generic and specific determination. 

In size and form it resembles the species Breviarca perovalis (Conrad) from the Snow Hill marl member of the 

Black Creek formation, Snow Hill, N. C. (Conrad, 

appendix A, p. 3, pi. 1, fig. 4, in Kerr, 1875). The 

external mold is not available but the shell is probably 

smooth. The incomplete internal mold measures: 

Length 16.5+ mm, height about 16 mm, convexity 

about 3 mm. USNM 108618.

Family CUCULLAEIDAE

Genus IDONEARCA Conrad, 1862

Idonearca blanpiedi Stephenson?

Plate 6, figure 9

[1953]. Idonearca blanpiedi Stephenson, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. 

Paper 242, p. 63, pi. 11, figs. 1-4, 1952.

One incomplete internal mold from a clay pit of the 

Sayre and Fisher Brick Co. (USGS 19013) possesses a 

form strongly suggestive of Idonearca blanpiedi Stephenson from the Woodbine formation of Texas. The mold 

indicates an inflated right valve possessing a prominent 

subangular umbonal ridge, elongated in the posteroventral direction, and a long, steep posterodorsal slope. 

No radial ribbing is apparent and the shell was probably 

smooth. The mold as preserved measures: Length 41 + 

mm, height about 30 mm, convexity 7+ mm.

Types.—Holotype, USNM 105146; paratypes, USNM 105147- 

105149; questionable example from New Jersey, figured, USNM 

108619.

Genus NEMODON Conrad, 1869

Nemodon obesus Stephenson, n. sp.

Plate 6, figures 10-15

Shell large for the genus, elongated, plump, higher 

and plumper at the rear than at the front, inequilateral, 

equivalve. Beaks prominent, incurved, prosogyrate, 

situated about 0.35 the length of the shell from the 

anterior end. Umbonal region broad. The umbonal 

ridge forms a broadly rounded sinuous swell extending 

from the beak to the lower posterior extremity. A 

broadly rounded rather conspicuous depression extends
ADDITIONS TO FAUNA OF THE RARITAN FORMATION, NEW JERSEY 29

from the beak obliquely downward and rearward to 

the ventral margin, centering about midway of the 

length. Dorsal margin straight, about 0.7 the length 

of the shell; anterior margin evenly rounded; ventral 

margin straight or very broadly concave centrally, 

curving up sharply at each end; posterior margin rather 

sharply rounded at end of umbonal ridge, very broadly 

rounded and inclined forward *above. The internal 

molds have impressed upon them from the external 

molds, weak, irregular concentric growth lines and 

narrow ridges, and weak radiating ribs; the latter are 

strongest and coarsest on the posterodorsal slope; on 

some specimens and parts of specimens radiating ribs 

are obscure or wanting.

Dimensions of the largest cotype, which is slightly 

mechanically compressed: Length 38 mm, height 

20.5 mm, convexity about 7.5 mm. A nearly complete 

internal mold measures: Length 29.5 mm, height about 

16 mm, thickness 12.5 mm.

Incomplete impressions of the cardinal area and hinge 

are preserved on several of the internal molds, and 

these indicate the presence of chevron-shaped ligamental grooves and 1, 2, or 3 teeth elongated parallel 

to the hinge line on each end of the hinge. Impressions 

of the adductor scars are scarcely discernible on the 

internal molds; evidently the scars were not deeply 

inset in the shell.

Among described species of Nemodon this species 

appears to be nearest to N. brevifrons Conrad, from 

the Snow Hill marl member of the Black Creek formation (upper Campanian), Snow Hill, N. C. Conrad's 

species has a shorter hinge, is less strongly inflated 

along the umbonal ridge, is more extended in the 

posteroventral direction, and has a somewhat weaker 

development of radiating ribs.

Types.—Five figured cotypes, USNM 108620; 10 unfigured 

cotypes, USNM 108621. From southern pit of New Jersey 

Clay Products Co., Sayreville, N. J. (USGS 19014).

Family PINNIDAE 

Genus PINNA linne", 1758

Pinna? sp. ' 

Plate 6, figure 16

The internal mold of a fragment of an elongate, 

narrow, moderately convex shell, questionably referred 

to Pinna Linne, bears the weak impressions of fine, 

somewhat irregular longitudinal markings. These 

markings are finer and less regular than the markings 

on a fragment illustrated by Richards (1943, p. 23, 

pi. 5, fig. 5). This specimen is from a clay pit of the 

Sayre and Fisher Brick Co., Sayreville. USNM 

108622 (USGS 19013).

Family PEDAIIONIDAE 

Genus PEDAIION Solander, 1770

Pedalion? sp. 

Plate 6, figure 17

The impression of a short section of a hinge, probably 

the rear portion, with transverse ligamental pits, from 

the southern pit of the New Jersey Clay Products 

Co. (USGS 19014), suggests the hinge of some member 

of the family Pedalionidae, possibly the genus Pedalion 

Solander. The impression includes 4 pits ranging in 

width from 1.5 to 2 mm and separated by spaces about 

1 mm wide; the curved inner edges of the pits project 

slightly into the inner cavity of the shell. USNM 

108623.

Family PTERIIDAE

Genus PHEIOPTERIA Stephenson, 1953

Phelopteria dalli (Stephenson)?

Plate 6, figures 18, 19

1936. Pterial dalli Stephenson, Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 47,

p. 389, pi. 3, figs. 19, 20.

[1953], Phelopteria dalli (Stephenson). Stephenson, U. S. Geol. 

Survey Prof. Paper 242, p. 68, pi. 14, figs. 4-14, 1952.

This species is represented in the collection from the 

southern pit of the New Jersey Clay Products Co. 

(USGS 19014) by incomplete internal molds only, 

including 5 left valves and 1 right valve. The left 

valves range in size from a small shell 10+ mm long to 

one 30+ mm long, and the right valve pertains to a 

large shell 50+ mm long. In form these molds are 

similar to, if not identical with, Phelopteria dalli 

(Stephenson), a species dredged from a depth of 200 

fathoms in the Atlantic Ocean on Banquereau Bank 

off the east coast of Nova Scotia. Two of the incomplete molds, a left valve and a right valve, are shown 

in the illustrations.

Types.—Holotype, YPM (Yale Peabody Museum) 14811; 

8 paratypes, YPM 14812; plesiotypes from the Woodbine formation, Texas, USNM 105168-105173; 2 questionable examples 

from the Raritan formation, Sayreville, N. J., figured, USNM 

108624; 4 questionable examples, unfigured, USNM 108625.

Family OSTREIDAE

Genus 08TREA Linne, 1758

Subgenus AIECTRYONIA Fischer, 1807

Ostrea (Alectryonia) jerseiana Stephenson, n. sp.

Plate 6, figure 20

This species is represented in the collection from 

the southern pit of the New Jersey Clay Products Co. 

(USGS 19014) by the incomplete imprint of one 

individual. The imprint is of a subcircular shell,

295156—54
30 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY

probably a left valve, with 5 or 6 prominent sharpridged, radiating, diverging costae, rather narrowly 

V-shaped in cross section. This type of sculpture is 

rare in American Upper Cretaceous oysters, the species 

nearest to it being Ostrea travisana Stephenson from 

the upper part of the Austin chalk in Texas (Stephenson, 1936a, p. 4, pi. 2, fig. 5; pi. 3, figs. 1-5). The 

Texas species is much larger than the New Jersey 

species, is elongated downward and to the rear, and 

the ribs are less sharply angulated on the crests.

The New Jersey specimen measures approximately: 

Length 37 mm, height 35 mm, convexity 8 mm.

Oysters having the prominent, sharp-ridged type of 

sculpture exhibited by Ostrea jerseiana are represented 

in the Cretaceous of Europe and northern Africa by a 

score or more of species ranging in age from Neocomian 

to Campanian. Of these the following occur in beds 

of Cenomanian age: Ostrea cameleo H. Coquand (Roto 

magian, Algeria), 0. syphax H. Coquand (Rotomagian, 

Mediterranean region), 0. tisnei H. Coquand (Provencian, southern France), and 0. meslei H. Coquand 

(Provencian, southern France).

Holotype.—USNM 108626. From the southern pit of the 

New Jersey Clay Products Co., Sayreville, N. J.

Ostrea soleniscus Meek 

Plate 6, figures 21, 22

1871. Ostrea soleniscus Meek, Am. Philos. Soc. Proc., v. 11,

p. 430.

For complete synonymy see Stephenson, 1952, U. S. Geol. 

Survey Prof. Paper 242, p. 74, [1953].

Several internal molds and one external mold in the 

collections from Sayreville are interpreted as representing the species Ostrea soleniscus Meek. Of these, one 

external mold which pertains to the right valve of a 

relatively small individual (pi. 6, fig. 21), seems most 

significant (USGS 19013). Although incomplete, this 

imprint obviously indicates a flattish, narrowly elongate 

shell bearing a series of somewhat irregular growth 

ridges or lamellae; in form and surface markings this 

shell was similar to the right valve of one of Meek's 

cotypes from Bear River City, Wyo. The dimensions 

of this imprint are: Length about 20 mm, height about 

40 mm.

The individuals of 0. soleniscus are exceedingly variable in outline and form. Some individuals assume an 

inflated exogyroid form in the umbonal region of the 

left valve, simulating that of the ostreid genus Exogyra 

Say; 4 of the internal molds from the southern pit of 

the New Jersey Clay Products Co. indicate left valves 

having this form (pi. 6, fig. 22); one of the molds formed 

within the 2 valves of a small individual indicates a 

flattish shell lacking an exogyroid form. The large 

figured mold of a left valve measures: Length 48 + mm, 

height 51 mm, convexity 24 mm.

Types.—Meek's 4 cotypes (USNM 7780) from the Frontier 

formation (Cenomanian) at Bear River City, Wyo., are large 

incomplete greatly elongated examples of the species; one of them 

possesses the exogyroid form in the umbonal region. Examples 

of the species as it occurs in the Woodbine formation (Cenomanian) of Texas are illustrated by Stephenson (1952, pL 16, 

figs. 1-4; pi. 17, figs. 7-10). One plesiotype from a clay pit of 

the Sayre and Fisher Brick Co., USNM 108627 (USGS 19013); 

1 unfigured example (juvenile) from the same locality, USNM 

108628; one plesiotype from the southern pit of the New Jersey 

Clay Products Co., USNM 108629 (USGS 19014); 8 unfigured 

examples from same source as the preceding, USNM 108630.

Genus EXOGYRA Say, 1820 

Exogyra sp.

Four internal molds of left valves, from the southern 

pit of the New Jersey Clay Products Co., appear to be 

true representatives of the genus Exogyra Say (USGS 

19014). They are indeterminate specifically as they 

do not show surface features. The largest example 

measures: Length about 30 mm, height 35 mm, convexity about 13 mm. USNM 108631.

Family PECTINIDAE 

Genus PECTEN Miiller, 1776

Subgenus CAMPTONECTE8 (Agassiz, M. 8.) Meek, 1864

Pecten (Camptonectes) sp.

Plate 7, figures 1, 2

The subgenus Camptonectes Agassiz is represented 

in the collection from the southern pit of the New 

Jersey Clay Products Co. (USGS 19014) by incomplete 

portions of two left valves, one external the other 

internal, showing the umbonal area, including the ears. 

The ears and dorsal slopes bear fine radiating ribs of 

the kind characteristic of this subgenus. This is a 

compressed form of the.genus in which the low flattish 

ribs curve away from the central part of the shell to the 

anterior and posterior margins. The internal mold 

indicates a shell estimated to be about 35 mm long and 

35 or 40 mm high. The external mold pertains to a 

smaller individual. USNM 108632.

Compared with species of Camptonectes in the Woodbine formation of Texas the ribbing is similar to that of 

P. (C.) ellsworthewfis Stephenson (1952, p. 80, pi. 19, 

figs. 5, 6).

Family SPONDYIIDAE

Genus PLICATULA Lamarck, 1801

Plicatula howelli Richards

Plate 7, figures 3-5

1943. Plicatula howelli Richards, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc., 

v. 95, p. 25, pi. 4, fig. 6.

The southern pit of the New Jersey Clay Products 

Co. yielded numerous imprints of Plicatula howelli 

Richards in the form of both internal and external
ADDITIONS TO FAUNA OF THE RARITAN FORMATION, NEW JERSEY 31

molds (USGS 19014). The state of preservation is 

poor and none of the specimens includes the complete 

impression of an individual. However, the material 

exhibits some features not mentioned in the original 

description. Several poorly preserved internal molds 

of right valves with ribs faintly impressed upon them, 

were obtained in one of the Sayre and Fisher clay pits 

at Sayreville (USGS 19013).

The species is irregular in form, outline, and ornamen - 

tation, but in general the outline is subcircular to 

broadly subovate, and the form ranges from compressed 

to moderately inflated. Both valves bear numerous 

spinose ribs, the ones on the right valve being fewer 

and coarser than those on the left valve. Parts of the 

surfaces of right and left valves are shown in the illustrations. The ribs are narrow and bear spines, which 

are upfolds of growth lamellae, at intervals of 1 to 2 

mm along their crests; on the right valve the interspaces 

between the ribs are a little wider than the ribs; on the 

left valve the ribs and interspaces are of about equal 

width. The holotype illustrated by Richards appears 

to be the imprint of part of the surface of a right valve. 

The species attains a maximum dimension of about 25 

mm, but most individuals are smaller than that.

Several of the internal molds show the imprints of 

the characteristic crural ridges of Plicatula; these diverge inward, on either side of the submerged resilifer. 

The adductor scar is large, subcircular, and situated 

about at midheight and well back of midlength.

Types.—Holotype, New Jersey State Museum 10475; paratype, ANSP (Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.) 15665. The holotype 

is from one of the clay pits (not designated) at Sayreville. 

Fifteen or more specimens from the southern pit of the New 

Jersey Clay Products Co. may be considered topotypes; 3 of 

these (plesiotypes) are figured, USNM 108633; the others bear 

the USNM number 108634; 1 imprint from Sayre and Fisher 

clay pit, USNM 108635; 2 imprints on a piece of rock from same 

pit, USNM 108636.

Plicatula ferrata Stephenson, n. sp. 

Plate 7, figure 6

One incomplete external mold from one of the Sayre 

and Fisher clay pits at Sayreville (USGS 19013) is 

referred to the genus Plicatula Lamarck. Although incomplete the surface features appear to be well enough 

portrayed by the imprint in the ferruginous matrix to 

justify a specific designation. The mold indicates a 

shell only moderately inflated, probably pertaining to 

a left or smaller valve. It appears to have been subcircular in outline. The surface is covered with numerous, closely spaced, narrow, irregular radiating ribs 

whose crests bear tiny irregular nodes; on parts of the 

surface the ribs bear small, short spines formed by the 

upfolding of growth lamellae. The ribs increase in 

number in the marginal direction, with little increase

in size, by the intercalation of new ribs in the gradually 

widening interspaces. Concentric growth ridges are 

weakly developed at wide intervals.

Dimensions of the mold: Length about 30 mm, height 

about 30 mm, convexity about 4 mm.

The surface markings on this species are similar to 

those on Plicatula woodburyensis Weller (1907, p. 485, 

pi. 52, figs. 8, 9), but its radiating ribs are more strongly 

developed and the nodes on the crests of its ribs are 

smaller and weaker.

Holotype.—USNM 108637.

Family POLLICIDAE 

Genus NARITRA Stephenson, n. gen.

Type species: Naritra polliciformis Stephenson. 

Etymology: By anagram from Raritan. Gender feminine.

This new genus is based on internal molds of a smooth 

pelecypod having a form closely simulating that of 

Pollex obesus Stephenson, from the Woodbine formation 

of Texas (1952, p. 94, pi. 23, figs. 14-20), but possessing 

hinge characters sufficiently different from the hinge 

of that species to necessitate referring the molds to a 

different genus. However, the hinge as impressed on 

the molds appears to be closely enough related to that 

of Pollex to justify the reference of the species to the 

family Pollicidae Stephenson.

The ligament is external, opisthodetic, and attached 

to a well developed nymph. In the hinge of the right 

valve of Pollex the oblique anterior cardinal presents 

two cusps on its crest, a forward or inner large one and 

an outer rather weak one, the two cusps separated by 

a low sag; in the hinge of the right valve of Naritra, 

as represented by a rubber cast made from the imprint 

of the hinge of the left valve, a weak cusp and a middle 

cardinal tooth are both wanting, and their place is 

taken by a deep medial socket. In Pollex the oblique 

posterior cardinal is of median strength while in 

Naritra the posterior cardinal is small and obscure 

and appears to be attached to the inner side of the 

anterior end of a long lateral tooth, which is the inner 

element of a pair of lateral claspers; in Pollex the anterior end of this element is distant from the posterior 

cardinal, reaching only to the posterior end of the 

nymph. In both genera the outer element of the 

claspers is formed by the thin margin of the shell. 

There is no anterior lateral dentition. A deep socket 

in front of the anterior cardinal and a pair of distant 

posterior claspers appear to be common features of the 

two genera, as are also the position and strength of the 

nymphs. In the left valve of Naritra, as represented 

by an imprint, a prominent anterior cardinal tooth 

fits into the deep anterior socket, and a prominent 

medial cardinal into the middle socket. A slender
32 SHOETEE CONTEIBUTIONS TO GENEEAL GEOLOGY

lateral tooth, which fits into the claspers of the right 

valve, extends forward beneath the nymph nearly to 

the beak.

Naritra polliciformis Stephenson, n. sp. 

Plate 7, figs. 7-9

Six incomplete internal molds of a bivalve mollusk, 

4 of right valves and 2 of left valves, in the collection 

from the southern pit of the New Jersey Clay Products 

Co. (USGS 19014), are suggestive in outline and form 

of the species Pollex obesus Stephenson, from the Woodbine formation of Texas (Stephenson, 1952, pi. 23, 

figs. 14-20) but, as previously stated, they possess 

hinge features that necessitate referring them to a 

different genus.

Shell elongate-subovate, plump, inequilateral, equivalve. Umbonal region broad, beaks nonprominent, 

incurved, prosogyrate, situated about 0.25 the length 

of the shell from the anterior extremity. There is a 

broad, very shallow radial depression extending from 

the beak to the ventral margin at about its midlength. 

Umbonal ridge broadly rounded and slightly humped 

centrally. The surface appears to be essentially 

smooth.

The holotype, the best preserved mold of a right 

valve (pi. 7, fig. 7), measures: Length 36+ mm, 

height 20 mm, convexity 6 mm.

The features of the hinge, as revealed by an imprint 

of one left valve, are described under the generic 

heading. The adductor scars and pallial sinus cannot 

be seen clearly on the molds.

Types.—Holotype, a right valve, USNM 108638; 1 paratype 

figured to show the hinge, USNM 108639; 4 unfigured paratypes, USNM 108640.

Family PLEUROPHORIDAE?

Genus GELOINA Gray, 1842

[Proposed as a subgenus of Polymesoda Raflnesque]

Geloina? tenuidens (Whitfleld)

Plate 7, figures 10-14

1886. Gnathodon? tenuidens Whitfield, U. S. Geol. Survey Mon.

9 (New Jersey Geol. Survey, Paleontology ser., v. 1),

p. 27, pi. 2, figs. 7-10. 

1907. Rangia? tenuidens (Whitfield). Weller, New Jersey

Geol. Survey, Paleontology ser., v. 4, p. 635, pi. 73,

figs. 6-8. 

1943. Rangia? tenuidens (Whitfield). Richards, Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phila. Proc., v. 95, p. 21, pi. 4, fig. 2; pi. 5, fig. 1.

The,external features of this species have been well 

described by the authors cited in the synonymy; only 

very incomplete hinge features, however, were available to them. The two specimens here figured are 

from the Sayre and Fisher clay pit at Sayreville (USGS 

19013) and presumably are topotypes. The incomplete hinge here illustrated (pi. 7, figs. 11, 12) obviously does not pertain to Rangia Des Moulins; as 

preserved, it is not adequate to permit of a satisfactory 

determination of its generic relationships. It is here 

provisionally referred to Geloina Gray, a Recent genus 

inhabiting the Philippine seas, with whose hinge features it appears to be in fair agreement. A more 

complete hinge would probably provide a basis for 

erecting a new genus to contain this species. All of 

the available material is in the form of internal molds 

with the incremental lines more or less clearly impressed upon them.

The shell is of medium size, broadly subovoid to 

subtrigonal in outline, short and plump; impressed 

upon the molds are rather conspicuous irregular concentric growth lines, which become more pronounced 

on the dorsal slopes. There is no umbonal ridge and 

no radial markings.

Dimensions of the larger of the two specimens here 

figured: Length 47 mm, height 43 mm, thickness 

about 42 mm. -The smaller specimen measures: 

Length 40 mm, height 40 mm, thickness 37 mm. 

The state of preservation does not permit of very 

accurate measurements.

The imprint of the hinge as partly preserved shows 

3 well-developed cardinal teeth in the left valve (pi. 7, 

fig. 11), of which the middle one is thick, prominent, 

apparently faintly bifid, and somewhat oblique to the 

rear; the anterior one is smaller, trigonal, and nearly 

direct; the posterior one is narrow, very oblique, and 

less prominent than the middle one. A deep, narrow, 

trigonal socket separates the anterior from the middle 

cardinal, and a long, deep, oblique trigonal socket 

separates the middle from the posterior cardinal. 

There is evidence of an approximate anterior lateral 

tooth about 5 mm long and some evidence of a distant 

lateral posterior. A rubber cast made from the 

imprint just described (pi. 7, fig. 12) shows in the 

right valve a well-developed oblique bifid posterior 

cardinal, and a short, narrow, nearly direct tooth 

separated from the posterior one by a deep, wide, 

trigonal socket; in front of the second tooth is a somewhat shallower trigonal socket, beyond which, toward 

the front, the features of the hinge are not clearly 

shown; there is probably an anterior cardinal.

Types.—New Jersey State Museum 7794 (plesiotype), 8839 

(1 of the cotypes), and 10462 (plesiotype); Acad. Nat. Sci. 

Phila. 15657; USNM 108641 (2 plesiotypes=topotypes).

Family ASTARTIDAE

Genus OPIS Defrance, 1825

Opis? elevata biangulata Stephenson, n. var.

Plate 7, figures 15, 16

This varietal form is represented by 3 relatively 

small incomplete internal molds, 2 right valves and
ADDITIONS TO FAUNA OF THE RARITAN FORMATION, NEW JERSEY 33

1 left valve, from the southern pit of the New Jersey 

Clay Products Co. (USGS 19014).

Shell sub triangular in outline, strongly inflated, 

inequilateral, equivalve, with the umbonal region high 

and narrow. Both the anterodorsal and posterodorsal 

slopes are abruptly steep; the former forms an angular 

junction with the main surface near the beak, becoming 

subangular to sharply rounded away from the beak; 

and the latter forms an angle (=umbonal ridge) with 

the main surface from the beak to the posterior extremity. Beaks very prominent, strongly incurved, 

prosogyrate. Impressions on the main surface of the 

holotype show the presence of small, closely spaced, 

fairly regular concentric ribs.

In form, outline, and surface features this variety is 

obviously closely related to the typical 0.1 elevata 

Stephenson (1952, p. 96, pi. 22, figs. 2-6). In the 

latter the umbonal ridge is sharply angular and the 

anterodorsal slope consistently rounds over into the 

main lateral surface in the five available examples. In 

this varietal form the umbonal ridge is angular and the 

anterodorsal slope joins the main surface at a sharp or 

somewhat rounded angle, as consistently shown by 

the three examples. In addition the varietal form is 

narrower in the umbonal region.

Dimensions of the holotype, a right valve: Length 

(estimated) 23 mm, height about 24 mm, convexity 

12 mm

The hinge and other internal features are not preserved in the available material.

Types.—Holotype, USNM 108642; 2 unfigured paratypes, 

USNM 108643.

Family CYRENIDAE 

Genus FULPIA Stephenson, 1946 

Fulpia? sp.

Two internal molds, one representing a medium-size 

left valve and the other a juvenile right valve, from the 

southern pit of the New Jersey Clay Products Co. 

(USGS 19014), suggest by their form the bivalve genus 

Fulpia Stephenson. The hinge impressions are too 

incomplete to permit of the certain identification of the 

genus. The imprint of a small fragment from the 

anterior slope of a right valve records concentric growth 

lining very much like that of Fulpia. The larger mold 

measures: Length 17 mm, height about 19 mm, convexity 7 mm. USNM 108644.

Family CARDIIDAE 

Genus CARDIUM Linne, 1758

Cardium sp. A 

Plate 7, figure 17

The imprint of the exterior surface of a rather large 

Cardium, covering parts of the anterior slope and the

main part of the side of a shell interpreted to be a right 

valve, probably pertains to an undescribed species. It 

was obtained in the southern pit of the New Jersey 

Clay Products Co. (USGS 19014). The ribs are narrow, prominent, and total 23 on the fragment, which 

includes approximately half the surface bordering the 

anterior and ventral margins; the crests are not well 

enough recorded in the imprint to show whether or not 

they were spinose. The interspaces are wider than the 

ribs and are nearly smooth except toward the outer 

margin where they become somewhat roughened by 

low concentric growth ridges. The shell is estimated 

to have been between 45 and 50 mm long and perhaps 

a little higher than long. USNM 108645.

Cardium sp. B

The internal mold of a small Cardium (USGS 19014) 

is too incomplete for specific identification. Faint 

impressions of numerous radiating ribs are present on 

the mold. The approximate dimensions of the mold are: 

Length 11 mm, height (estimated) 14 mm, convexity 

4mm. USNM 108646.

Cardium sp. C

One internal mold with radial ribs impressed upon 

it, from a pit of the Sayre and Fisher Brick Co. (USGS 

19013), is of medium size, has a rounded umbonal 

ridge, and bears numerous (30+) narrow, closely 

spaced ribs. In size and form this mold is similar to 

Cardium longstreeti Weller from the Wenonah sand of 

New Jersey (Weller, 1907, p. 579, pi. 63, figs. 21, 22), 

but the umbonal ridge is more direct and the ribs are 

more numerous. The mold measures: Length about 

21 mm, height 23+ mm, convexity 4+ mm. USNM 

108647.

Cardium (Granocardium?) sp.

Two small internal molds from a clay pit of the 

Sayre and Fisher Brick Co. (USGS 19013) appear to 

belong to the subgenus Granocardium Gabb. One of 

them exhibits about 24 narrow radiating ribs with 

rows of very obscure spine scars in the interspaces. 

The other one, about the same size, is smooth except 

for very faint impressions of the ribs. These molds 

may belong to Cardium (Granocardium) sayrei Richards, 

but the ribs as preserved are not flat-topped, and the 

outline appears to be less elongated in the direction 

of the height. The most complete mold measures 

approximately: Length 10 mm, height 11.5 mm, convexity 3 mm. USNM 108648.
34 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY

Family VENERIDAE

Genus CAILISTINA Jukes-Brown, 1908

Callistina? johnsoni (Richards)

Plate 7, figures 18-21

1943. Aphrodina johnsoni Richards, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc., 

v. 95, p. 24, pi. 4, figs. 3, 4.

Two internal molds, one with the concentric sculpture 

impressed upon it, and the other showing an obscure 

impression of the pallial sinus, appear to be identical 

with Aphrodina johnsoni Richards. These are from a 

clay pit of the Sayre and Fisher Brick Co. (USGS 

19013). The pallial sinus on Aphrodina Conrad is 

rather long and broadly rounded at the inner end, 

whereas this feature on the mold just mentioned is 

short and subtrigonal, and is therefore more like the 

pallial sinus on the genus Callistina Jukes-Brown. 

Ihe hinge and ligamental features are not preserved.

The internal mold shown in plate 7, figure 19, measures: Length 30 mm, height 26 mm, thickness 15.5 mm.

Four species of Callistina Jukes-Brown have been recorded from the Woodbine formation of Texas (1952, 

p. 105-108), as follows: (1) Callistina lamarensis 

(Shumard), (2) C. (Larma} munda Stephenson, (3), C. 

(Larma) taffi (Cragin), and (4) C. (Larma) alta Stephenson. Compared with (7.? johnsoni: the first of the 

Woodbine species averages smaller and is much smoother; the second is of comparable size and outline but 

possesses less regular and more weakly developed concentric ribs, the third species has closely similar concentric markings but the proportion of length to height 

is greater; and the fourth, though similarly marked, is 

much higher in proportion to its length.

Types.—Holotype from Sayreville, NJSM (New Jersey State 

Museum) 10454; paratype from the same place, NJSM 10446; 

2 plesiotypes ( = topotypes), USNM 108649.

Family TELLINIDAE

Genus LINEARIA Conrad, 1860

Linearia lirulifera Stephenson, n. sp.

Plate 7, figures 22-25

Internal and external molds of this species are common in the southern pit of the New Jersey Clay Products Co. (USGS 19014). The shell, as indicated by 

molds, is of medium size, subovate elongate, compressed, subequilateral, equivalve. Beaks slightly 

prominent, incurved, very slightly prosogyrate, situated centrally. Umbonal ridge broadly rounded. Main 

lateral surface most inflated centrally above the midheight, rounding off gently to the anterior and ventral 

margins. Posterodorsal slope flattish. Anterodorsal 

margin broadly arched, descending; anterior margin 

rounded less than a semicircle; ventral margin broadly

rounded; posterior margin rounding up uniformly, 

meeting the hinge line at an obtuse angle ; posterodorsal 

margin long, straight, gently descending. The two 

dorsal margins meet at the beak at an angle of about 

130 degrees.

The lateral surface between the dorsal slopes bears 

numerous narrow, sharply defined, regularly spaced 

concentric lirae, separated by wider interspaces; near 

the beak these number 5 to the millimeter in the radial 

direction but increase in coarseness to about 2 to the 

millimeter near the ventral margin; these lirae merge 

into growth lines only on the posterodorsal slope, and 

become weaker forward on the anterodorsal slope. 

The latter slope bears 8 to 10 or more, relatively strong, 

radiating lirae, noded at the intersections with the 

concentric lirae; away from the beak the number of 

lirae increases by the introduction of secondary lirae in 

the interspaces. The posterodorsal slope and umbonal 

ridge are ornamented with similar radiating ribs which 

number as many as 20 near the posterior margin; these 

become weaker forward from the umbonal ridge and 

the main lateral surface exhibits only weak to obscure 

radial lining.

Dimensions of the incomplete holotype, a left valve: 

Length 23+ mm, height 17.5 mm, convexity about 4 

mm.

The available material affords only imperfect, incomplete imprints of the hinge features. The internal 

mold of the holotype, however, indicates the presence 

of a pair of cardinal teeth in the right valve directed 

obliquely forward and downward, and short, distant 

anterior and posterior laterals in the left valve — 

features characteristic of the genus Linearia Conrad. 

Other internal features are not clearly registered on the 

molds.

Holotype, USNM 108650; 2 figured paratypes, 

USNM 108651; 15 unfigured paratypes, USNM 108652.

Family CORBULIDAE 

Genus CARYOCORBULA Gardner, 1926

Caryocorbula? ovisana Stephenson 

Plate 7, figure 26

[1953]. Caryocorbula ovisana Stephenson, U. S. Geol. Survey 

Prof. Paper 242, p. 129, pi. 32, figs. 9-15, 1952.

This species is represented by one incomplete external mold of a right valve from the southern pit of 

the New Jersey Clay Products Co. (USGS 19014). 

The following description is based on this specimen. 

Shell small, subtrigonal in outline, strongly inflated. 

Beak not preserved but obviously incurved and situated 

well forward of the midlength Umbonal ridge curved, 

obtusely subangular in cross section. Posterodorsal
ADDITIONS TO FAUNA OF THE RARITAN FORMATION, NEW JERSEY 35

slope steep, sinuous, divided centrally by a low radial 

ridge; the surface between this ridge and the umbonal 

ridge is broadly concave. Anterior margin sharply 

rounded; ventral margin broadly rounded; posterior 

margin subangular below at end of umbonal ridge, 

followed above by a short truncation inclined forward. 

Surface regularly ornamented with pronounced concentric ridges which toward the margin number 8 or 9 

in a radial distance of 5 mm. The ribs end abruptly 

rearward near the umbonal ridge, beyond which, on 

the posterodorsal slope, only growth lines are present.

Dimensions of the external mold, which lacks a little 

of including the full length: Length 11+ mm, height 

about 7 mm, convexity about 3 mm.

I can detect no differences that would justify considering this species distinct from the Texas species.

Types.—Holotype, USNM 105535; 151 paratypes, USNM 

105536a-d (figured) and 105537 (unfigured); 1 plesiotype from 

New Jersey, USNM 108653.

Genus CORBUIA Lamarck, 1799

"Corbula" sp. 

Plate 7, figures 27, 28

Three internal molds of left valves, 1 internal mold 

of a right valve, and 1 internal mold of both valves in 

place together, from the southern pit of the New Jersey 

Clay Products Co. (USGS 19014), probably represent 

an undescribed species of "Corbula." Two incomplete 

external molds of a left valve from the same source 

appear to pertain to the same species. The species is 

of medium size, plump, inequilateral, slightly inequivalve, the right valve being the larger; the middle and 

anterior parts of the shell are most inflated and the 

posterior part is sharply constricted. The beaks are 

situated a little in advance of the midlength. Anterior 

margin sharply rounded narrower than a semicircle; 

ventral margin broadly rounded; posterior margin 

subangular below with a short truncation inclined 

forward above; posterior margin descending, nearly 

straight or slightly concave upward. The surface of 

the left valve, as shown by two incomplete external 

molds, bears small, fairly regular concentric ribs numbering about three to the millimeter in the radial 

direction. The anterior adductor is small and is attached to a raised platform, the posterior adductor is 

larger, and is attached to a raised platform bordered 

by a sharp carina which overhangs the, interior of the 

shell. Dimensions of the largest internal mold, a right 

valve: Length 12 mm, height 9 mm, convexity about 

3.5 mm. Two figured specimens USNM 108654; five 

unfigured specimens, USNM 108655.

Class SCAPHOPODA

Family DENTALIIDAE

Genus DENTALIUM LinnS, 1758

Dentalium sp.

One internal mold of a tube having the form of 

Dentalium Linne", from a pit of the Sayre and Fisher 

Brick Co. (USGS 19013), is 14 mm long, 1.5 mm in 

diameter at the small end, and 3.5 mm in diameter at 

the large end. The tube is gently curved, increases 

regularly in diameter, and as preserved appears smooth. 

USNM 108656.

Class GASTROPODA

Family TURBINIDAE?

Genus PETROPOMA Gabb, 1877

Petropoma? raritanum (Richards)

Plate 8, figures 1, 2

1943. Avellanal raritana Richards, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 

Proc., v. 95, p. 28, pi. 5, fig. 16.

The external mold of this species, here illustrated, 

and 2 internal molds are from the southern pit of the 

New Jersey Clay Products Co. (USGS 19014). The 

external mold is incomplete but appears to be in a 

somewhat better state of preservation than the holotype as originally figured. With the meager material 

available it does not seem possible to definitely determine the generic relationships of the species, but it is 

obviously not closely related to Avellana Orbigny, to 

which the author questionably referred it. The 

species probably belongs in the family Turbinidae; 

the form and sculpture suggest that it is more closely 

related to (though probably not generically identical 

with) the genus Petropoma Gabb (1877, p. 281, 282, 

pi. 40, fig. 8) than it is to Turbo petholatus Linne, the 

genotype of Turbo Linne". The latter is a recent species 

in Philippine waters. Gabb's type species, Petropoma 

peruanum, is from the so-called Gault (Albian, not Lias) 

of Peru. (See Gerhardt, 1897, p. 92, pi. 2, figs. la-e). 

P. peruanum is small, only about 7 mm high.

The description of the external features, which follows, is based on a rubber cast made from the external 

mold of a topotype. Shell of medium size; spire low, 

protoconch not preserved; whorls 2K or 3, plumply and 

evenly rounded, rapidly expanding; sutures deeply 

impressed. Axial ribs wanting. The body whorl 

bears at least 15 spiral ribs which differ considerably 

in strength, and are separated by interspaces wider 

than the ribs. At a stage about half a whorl back 

from the aperture the succession of ribs from above 

downward is as follows: 1 weak rib near the suture,
36 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY

then 3 strong ribs, 1 very weak rib, 1 strong rib, 1 weak 

rib, 1 strong rib, 1 rib of medium strength, 1 strong rib 

at the periphery, 1 weak rib on the base just below this, 

1 strong rib, followed below on the base by 3 successively smaller ribs. All the smaller ribs from near 

the periphery to the suture above are introduced by 

intercalation and increase in strength forward toward 

the aperture.

Starting with one small rib just below the periphery 

all the ribs on the upper part of the body whorl bear 

nodes or short spines; the spines are on the larger ribs 

and are formed by upfolds of growth lamellae, open 

toward the front; the nodes and spines are spaced at 

nearly regular intervals of 1 to 1.5 mm. As previously 

stated the first rib below the periphery on the base is 

noded; all the other ribs on the base are smooth. The 

upper 6 or 7 ribs of the body whorl are exposed on the 

later stage of the penultimate whorl. Traced backward 

toward the apex these exposed ribs become weaker and 

die out at or near the earliest stage of the penultimate 

whorl, beyond which to the apex the surface of the shell 

is smooth. The growth lines trend strongly forward 

on the upper part of the body whorl.

Dimensions of the figured rubber cast: Height 11 + 

mm, diameter 19 mm.

This species appears to be related to Turbo ? newberryi 

(Cragin). The holotype of Cragin's species is believed 

to be lost, and the plesiotype (USNM 103134) figured 

by T. W. Stanton (1947, p. 56, pi. 49, figs. 5, 6) is rather 

poorly preserved. However, in form and sculpture it 

is similar to Richard's species and the two may belong 

to the same genus.

Types.—Holotype, New Jersey State Museum 10541; topotype figured, USNM 108657; 2 unfigured topotypes (internal 

molds), USNM 108658.

Family TBOCHIDAE?

Genus HEIICACANTHUS Dacque, 1938

Helicacanthus? sp. A

Plate 8, figures 3, 4

Three imprints of parts of the spire and two incomplete internal molds of a small gastropod, from the 

southern pit of the New Jersey Clay Products Co. 

(USGS 19014), are referred questionably to Helicacanthus Dacque. The shell is low-spired with imprints of about 2% whorls of the spire preserved. 

Spiral angle about 90°. The suture is closely appressed 

in the early stages, but opens out a little in the later 

stages; it is closely bordered below by a narrow upraised spiral rim. The penultimate whorl bears an 

angular spiral rib about midway of its exposed flank, 

and a second angular spiral at the periphery of the 

body whorl is partly concealed by that whorl in its

forward growth. Very obscure fine spiral lining can 

be detected. Fine, sharp growth lines are strongly 

oblique toward the front on the flanks of the whorls. 

The internal molds indicate a fairly wide umbilical 

opening. The greatest diameter of the largest internal 

mold is about 12 mm. The available specimens are 

inadequate for either generic or specific assignment, 

and it is doubtful if their reference to Helicacanthus 

is correct. One figured example, USNM 108659; four 

unfigured examples, USNM 108660.

Helicacanthus? sp. B 

Plate 8, figure 5

This species is represented by 1 internal and 1 

external mold, both incomplete, from the same source 

as the preceding (USGS 19014). It is similar to 

Helicacanthus ? sp. A in form, suture, and character and 

direction of the growth lines, but differs in that there 

are 3 angular spiral ribs instead of 2, the lower one of 

which is partly concealed by the body whorl in its 

forward growth. Obscure fine spiral lining is present 

over most of the surface. The species appears to be 

closely related to the shell from the Mentor formation 

(Washita age), 12 miles southwest of Salina, Kansas, 

which Meek called Margarita mudgeana (1876, p. 300). 

One figured example, USNM 108661; one unfigured 

example, USNM 108662.

Family TRICHOTROPIDAE

Genus IIBPSA Stephenson, 1953

Lirpsa? lepida Stephenson, n. sp.

Plate 8, figures 6-13

This species is represented at the southern pit of the 

New Jersey Clay Products Co. (USGS 19014) by many 

external and internal molds some of which show the 

form and sculpture of the shell more clearly than others. 

Shell of medium size with low spire and rapidly expanding whorls; spiral angle 75° to 80° on different 

individuals. Suture of medium depth, closely appressed in earlier stages, becoming loosely coiled in the 

adult stage. Form and attitude of protoconch not 

determined. Whorls 2 or 3. Body whorl large; side 

gently convex in profile, sloping steeply from suture 

to a carinated shoulder which may also be considered 

the periphery; base below the periphery steep, gently 

convex. Exposed part of penultimate and antepenultimate whorls gently convex.

The surface sculpture varies greatly on different 

individuals. The fine rather weak spiral ribbing of the 

holotype contrasts conspicuously with that of other 

specimens which exhibit widely separated stronger 

ribs with finer ribbing between them. If one were 

to consider the extremes of rib features only there would
ADDITIONS TO FAUNA OF THE RARITAN FORMATION, NEW JERSEY 37

be little or no hesitancy in recognizing more than one 

species; but there are intermediate patterns of rib 

development, and since they all occur together in the 

same bed they appear to be merely individual variants 

of the same species. Several of the variants are shown 

in the illustrations. On the holotype the whole surface 

is covered with fine closely spaced spiral ribs, with 

one on the periphery (shoulder) a little stronger than 

any of the others. Fine as is the ribbing there is a 

definite tendency to alternation in the size of the ribs 

with the regularity of the alternations broken in 

places by the intercalation of tiny tertiary ribs as the 

shell grew forward; this irregularity is especially 

noticeable on the body whorl. The ribs bear small 

rather closely spaced nodes that appear to bear some 

relationship to the intersection of the transverse growth 

lines. The nodes are most sharply developed on the 

exposed part of the penultimate whorl, and are weakest 

on the body whorl above the periphery. On different 

individuals widely spaced ribs become relatively enlarged and conspicuous, an extreme example being 

that shown in place 8, figure 10. On these larger 

ribs there is a tendency for growth lamellae to form 

short upturned hollow spines the qpenings of which 

face forward toward the aperture. The growth lines 

cross the base to the periphery with a slight forward 

inclination and continue across the upper part of the 

body whorl with a somewhat stronger inclination 

toward the front, becoming a little coarser near the 

suture.

The external and internal molds do not show clearly 

the features of the aperture, lips, and columella, but the 

aperture is obviously large and subquadrate in outline. 

There is evidence in the internal molds of the presence 

of a narrow umbilicus. In form and profile the species 

is similar to the genus Lirpsa Stephenson from the 

Templeton member of the Woodbine formation in 

Lamar County, Texas. It appears to be nearest to the 

species Lirpsa teres Stephenson (1952, p. 152, 153, pi. 

36, figs. 1-7). It differs from the Woodbine species in 

its stronger development of spiral sculpture, in the 

absence of a prominent, sharply angular spiral rib, and 

in its apparently narrower umbilicus.

The available external and internal molds do not 

lend themselves to accurate measurement but the dimensions of the incomplete external mold of one of the 

paratypes are: Height 21.2+ mm, diameter 17+ mm. 

This appears to be a little less than maximum size.

The species is similar in form to Trichotropis koninckii (Muller) from Upper Cretaceous greensand at 

Vaals, Netherlands and near Aachen, Germany, as 

figured by Holzapfel, (1888, p. 149, pi. 15, figs. 6-9).

Types.—Holotype, USNM 108663; 5 paratypes figured, 

USNM 108664; 12 selected unfigured paratypes, USNM 108665.

Family TUBBITELLIDAE

Genus TURRITELLA Lamarck, 1799

Turritella bakeri Richards

Plate 8, figures 14-17

1943. Turritella bakeri Richards, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc., 

v. 95, p. 29, pi. 6, fig. 3)

The specimens referable to this species are poorly or 

incompletely preserved. Nineteen internal molds of 

medium to adult size, with surface features incompletely 

impressed on some of them and wanting on others, are 

available from a reddish ferruginous, micaceous sandstone layer, weathering grayish, in a clay pit of the 

Sayre and Fisher Brick Co., at Sayreville (USGS

19013). Two external molds, showing fairly clearly 

the surface features of 5 or 6 of the smaller whorls toward the apex, are present in the collection from the 

ferruginous sandstone in the southern pit of the New 

Jersey Clay Products Co., at Sayreville. (USGS

19014). Both of these pits are in the upper part of the 

Woodbridge fire clay in the Raritan formation.

All the specimens in these collections that are well 

enough preserved to show the surface features belong 

to a group of Turritellas whose spiral ribs bear beads or 

nodes; nodose Turritellas have not been reported in 

America in beds of the Upper Cretaceous series younger 

than Cenomanian. It is assumed that all of the available specimens in the Sayreville pits belong to one 

species, though the poor preservation of some of them 

may not fully justify this assumption.

The two small imprints illustrated in plate 8, figures 

16 and 17, indicate a high-spired shell with closely 

appressed whorls gently convex on the sides, each whorl 

bearing four primary spiral ribs, with a smaller secondary spiral in each interspace; the sutural depression 

is of moderate depth. The primary spirals bear relatively coarse, dull nodes, those on the uppermost spiral 

of some specimens being coarser than those on the 

other spirals; the secondary spirals appear to be nearly 

smooth. On some of the larger specimens additional 

secondary spirals become intercalated in the interspaces, 

as many as 4 or 5 being present in 1 interspace on some 

of the larger whorls. As growth of the individual proceeds some of the secondaries may become larger and 

bear nodes. The periphery of the body whorl rounds 

over to a steeply descending base.

Dimensions of the tallest available specimen (plesiotype) shown in plate 8, figure 14: Height 43+ mm, 

diameter 12.5 mm.

Turritella bakeri is closely related to T. thomsonina 

Stephenson and T. macneili Stephenson, both from 

Banquereau Bank off the coast of Nova Scotia (1936, 

p. 399^101, pi. 5, figs. 13, 14), but it has fewer and more 

coarsely noded spiral ribs than either of them. It is 

intermediate in profile between the nearly flat whorls
38 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY

of the former and the more convex whorls of the latter. 

Because of the poor state of preservation of T. bakeri 

I find it difficult to make a critical comparison between 

it and T. shuleri Stephenson, from the Woodbine formation (Stephenson, 1952, p. 153, pi. 36, figs. 14-19). 

The two are similar in spiral angle, in the profile of the 

whorls, in the depth of the sutural depressions, and in 

the general pattern of the spiral ribbing; however, the 

nodes on the former appear to be coarser and more 

squarish than those on the latter.

Types.—Holotype, New Jersey State Museum 10575; 2 plesiotypes ( = topotypes) from a clay pit of the Sayre and Fisher 

Brick Co., USNM 108666 (USGS 19013); 2 plesiotypes ( = topotypes) from the southern pit of the New Jersey Clay Products 

Co., USNM 108667 (USGS 19014); 17 unfigured topotypes, 

USNM 108668 (USGS 19013).

Family THIARIDAE

Genus PYKGULIFERA Meek, 1871

"Pyrgulifera" sp.

Plate 8, figure 18

The incomplete, rather poor imprint of one gastropod, 

from a clay pit of the Sayre and Fisher Brick Co. 

(USGS 19013), is compared questionably with Pyrgulifera Meek, a usually nonmarine genus. Only a portion 

of th,e body whorl and a distorted fraction of the penultimate whorl are preserved. The imprint shows 

seven rather weak axial ribs on a little less than half 

a turn of the body whorl; these ribs are strongest 

above, where they are slightly concave in trend toward 

the front, and become weaker and convex to the front 

as they pass down over the broadly rounded periphery, 

becoming very weak to obscure, low on the base. The 

suture above is deeply impressed, and four axials are 

present on the part of the penultimate whorl preserved. 

Numerous closely spaced weak spiral ribs cross the 

axials, at the intersections of which are small nodes. 

The inner lip is formed of a rather thick band of callus. 

USNM 108669.

Family CERITHIIDAE

Genus VOYSA Stephenson, 1953

Voysa? cuniculana Stephenson, n. sp.

Plate 8, figure 19

The one available external mold of this species is 

from the southern pit of the New Jersey Clay Products 

Co. (USGS 19014). Shell small with turreted spire of 

medium height, spiral angle about 26°. Protoconch 

not preserved. Whorls 5 or 6, closely appressed, suture 

deeply impressed. Body whorl with three strong, narrow spiral ribs above the periphery, a weak spiral at the 

periphery, followed below on the base by a strong bifid 

spiral, a simple spiral of medium strength, and a weak 

spiral at the lowest part shown in the cast. The

periphery is rounded and the base steep. The three 

strong ribs on the body whorl above the periphery 

continue well developed rearward on the flanks of the 

earlier whorls; the lower one is the largest, the middle 

one is of medium strength, and the upper one is the 

weakest. Transverse to the spirals are numerous, 

closely spaced sharp growth ridges which are most 

conspicuously developed where they cross the relatively 

wide interspaces. The trend of the growth ridges is 

convex toward the aperture on the base and broadly 

concave toward the aperture above the periphery. 

The features of the aperture are not preserved.

Dimensions of the holotype: Height 7+ mm, diameter 

3.5 mm.

This species appears to be closely related to Voysa? 

craticula Stephenson from the Lewisville member of the 

Woodbine formation of Texas (Stephenson, 1952, p. 

174, pi. 39, figs. 23-26). In form, in the number of 

spiral ribs, and in the development of the transverse 

growth ridges the two species are very much alike, but 

the spiral ribs of V.f cuniculana are conspicuously 

narrower, spaces between the ribs are wider, and the 

forward-facing concavity in the trend of the growth 

ridges above the periphery is not so deep.

Type.—Holotype, USNM 108670.

Family APOEEHAIDAE

Genus ANCHURA Conrad, 1860

Anchura pontana Stephenson

Plate 8, figures 20, 21

1936. Anchura pontana Stephenson, Geol. Soc. America Bull.,

v. 47, p. 401, pi. 5, figs. 15, 16.

71943. Anchura raritanensis Richards, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 

Proc., v. 95, p. 27, pi. 5, fig. 15.

I can detect no essential difference between the specimens from the Raritan formation here figured and the 

holotype of Anchura pontana Stephenson from Banquereau Bank. They differ in preservation, the shell 

substance of the latter being preserved, whereas the 

former are internal molds with the surface features 

impressed upon them, though lacking the sharpness 

of detail of the shell itself. These molds are from a 

pit of the Sayre and Fisher Brick Co. (USGS 19013). 

Anchura raritanensis Richards from Sayreville may belong to this species but the holotype, as figured, appears to be too incompletely preserved for certain 

identification.

A comparison of the two plesiotypes shown in plate 8, 

figures 20 and 21, shows that allowance must be made 

for individual variation in the strength and spacing of 

the axial ribbing of this species.

The species, Anchura horreana Stephenson from the 

Templeton member of the Woodbine formation of 

Texas is a closely related species, but it differs in the
ADDITIONS TO FAUNA OF THE RARITAN FORMATION, NEW JERSEY 39

coarser development and wider spacing of the axials 

on the body and penultimate whorls (Stephenson, 1952, 

p. 176, pi. 40, figs. 22, 23).

The plesiotype shown in plate 8, figure 21, measures: 

Height 38+ mm, diameter exclusive of expanded wing 

about 18 mm.

Types.—Holotype, YPM (Yale Peabody Museum) 14853; 4 

paratypes, YPM 14854;2plesiotypes, USNM 108671; 1 unfigured 

example, USNM 108672.

Family BUCCINIDAE

Genus STEEPSIDUEA Swainson, 1840

Strepsidura? sp. A

Plate 8, figure 22

One incomplete external and one incomplete internal 

mold of a small smooth species of gastropod, from the 

southern pit of the New Jersey Clay Products Co. 

(USGS 19014), are referred questionably to Strepsidura, 

Swainson. The species has a low spire with spiral 

angle about 65°, a deep sutural depression, expands 

rapidly, and has a large body whorl with a moderately 

long, twisted siphonal canal. The body whorl is plump, 

and broadly rounded in profile from suture above to 

base below. The flanks of the whorls are evenly convex. There is a faint indication of the end of a col 

umellar fold about midway of the inner lip. The 

inner lip appears to form a thin wash of callus on the 

parietal wall. Dimensions: Height 10 mm, diameter 

5 mm. One figured example, USNM 108673; one 

unfigured example, USNM 108674.

Strepsidura? sp. B 

Plate 8, figure 23

An incomplete external mold of a small gastropod 

from the same source as Strepsidura! sp. A is also 

questionably referred to Swainson's genus. It has a 

low spire with spiral angle of about 80°, a rather deep 

sutural depression, expands rapidly, and has a large 

body whorl with broadly rounded profile. Although 

similar in form to Strepsidura! sp. A, it is less bulbose, 

and is ornamented with small, nonprominent, closely 

spaced spiral ribs; these can be seen on the upper part 

of the body whorl and on the penultimate whorl. The 

rather long twisted columella bears one fold of medium 

strength a little below the lower edge of the parietal 

wall. Dimensions: Height about 10 mm, diar cter 

about 4.5 mm. USNM 108675.

Family FUSINIDAE

Genus ALIOFUSUS Stephenson, 1941

Aliofusus? sayrei Richards

1943. Aliofusus ? sayrei Richards, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc., 

v. 95, p. 28, pi. 5, fig. 17.

One poorly preserved, incomplete internal mold 

from a clay pit of the Sayre and Fisher Brick Co.

(USGS 19013) appears to belong to the species Aliofusus! 

sayrei Richards. This is indicated by the form and by 

the narrow, short, widely spaced axial ribs which 

appear to be like those shown in Richards' illustration.

Types.—Holotype, New Jersey State Museum 10439. The 

example here recorded, a topotype if correctly identified, USNM 

108676.

Family CANCELLARIDAE

Genus FALADMETE Gardner, 1916

Paladmete pristina Stephenson, n. sp.

Plate 8, figures 24-26

One external mold and four internal molds of a small 

gastropod, from the southern pit of the New Jersey 

Clay Products Co. (USGS 19014), are here described 

as representing a new species of Paladmete Gardner. 

Shell small with spire about half the total height; 

spiral angle about 40°. Protoconch not preserved. 

Whorls 3 or 4, moderately inflated, closely appressed, 

suture deeply impressed. Shoulder on whorls narrow, 

steeply sloping, obtusely subangular in cross section; 

flanks very gently convex. Periphery of body whorl 

broadly rounded, base gently convex above becoming 

steep below. The body whorl from the shoulder down 

bears at least 13 well developed, rather thick, squarishtopped spiral ribs, separated by interspaces of equal 

or slightly greater width; these ribs decrease slightly 

in width and strength from the shoulder downward. 

The shoulder bears three small spirals, the upper one 

of which is much stronger than the two tiny ones below 

it. Four of the larger spirals are exposed on each of 

the earlier whorls between the suture below and the 

shoulder above. Axial ribs are present, extending 

well down across the base, and are estimated to number 

15 or 16 on the body whorl. With the exception of 

an occasional swollen varix-like rib the axials are rather 

weak; they produce dull, subrectangular nodes at the 

intersections with the spiral ribs; where the axials cross 

the shoulder above they bend forward and are quite 

weak. The features of the aperture and columella 

cannot be accurately determined in detail but they 

appear to be normal for the genus; however, the 

aperture is lanceolate, the outer lip is broadly convex, 

and the impression of a row of short crenulations is 

present on the inner margin of the outer lip of each of 

two internal molds.

Approximate dimensions of the holotype: Height 

12 mm, diameter 6.5 mm. The paratypes are about 

the same size or smaller.

One described species of Paladmete, P. turbiformis 

Stephenson, from the Lewisville member of the Woodbine formation of Texas, is much smaller than this 

species, is less slender, and possesses more numerous
40 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY

and finer spiral ribs. One specimen from the same 

source, identified as Paladmete sp., is plumper and has 

weaker spiral ribs. Several species of Paladmete have 

been recorded from Upper Cretaceous formations 

younger than the Raritan formation in the Atlantic 

and Gulf Coastal Plain, but they are all plumper in 

profile than P. pristina, and they all possess narrower 

spiral ribs which may be fewer or more numerous than 

those of the present species.

Types.—Holotype, USNM 108677; 2 figured paratypes, 

USNM 108678; 2 unfigured paratypes, USNM 108679.

Family ACTEONIDAE 

Genus PIRSIIA Stephenson, 1953

Pirsila? sp. 

Plate 8, figure 27

This gastropod is represented by two smooth molds 

that do not show the aperture. The figured specimen 

is from a clay pit of the Sayre and Fisher Brick Co. 

(USGS 19013), and the unfigured specimen is from the 

southern pit of the New Jersey Clay Products Co. 

(USGS coU. 19014). In form and outline the shell 

resembles the genus Pirsila Stephenson, but does not 

closely match any of the four species recorded from the 

Woodbine formation of Texas. In its spiral and apical 

angles it appears to be intermediate between Pirsila 

decora Stephenson and P. obtusa Stephenson. It 

appears to be a smooth shell with slightly impressed 

sutures; the apical angle is about 55°, decreasing to 

about 40° on the lower, larger whorls of the spire. 

Dimensions of the figured specimen: Height 15.2 mm, 

diameter 7.5 mm. USNM 108680 and USNM 108681.

MISCELLANEOUS SPECIMENS

In addition to the identified specimens formally described on preceding pages the two collections from 

Sayreville contain a few poorly preserved specimens, 

mostly unidentifiable.

One piece of ferruginous sandstone (USGS 19013) 

exhibits a mixture of poorly preserved internal molds of 

pelecypods and gastropods on about 8 square inches of 

weathered surface, among which are the following 

recognizable forms: Plicatula howelli Richards?, "Corbida" sp., Turritella bakeri Richards?, and Lispodesthesf 

sp. The last named genus is represented by two species 

in the Woodbine formation of Texas. USNM 108636.

The same collection (19013) contains 3 unidentifiable 

pelecypod molds (USNM 108682) and 2 very poorly 

preserved gastropod molds (USNM 108683).

A piece of ferruginous sandstone in the same collection (19013) is studded with rectangular forms of nearly 

uniform size, averaging about 2 by 4 mm in plan, with 

vertical relief of about 1 mm. Some of the forms bear

1 or 2 horizontal lines running parallel to the long side 

of the rectangle; these lines may be either narrow 

ridges or narrow grooves. (PI. 8, fig. 28.) The nature 

of these forms is problematical, but they may be the 

fossil fecal pellets of an undetermined organism. 

USNM 108684.

A fragment of the apical portion of the internal mold 

of a small conical gastropod (USGS 19014), with both 

axial and spiral ribs weakly impressed upon it, pertains 

to a Capulus-like form. USNM 108685.

In the same collection (19014) are three undetermined gastropod molds, USNM 108686.

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Berry, E. W., 1911, The flora of the Raritan formation: New 

Jersey Geol. Survey Bull. 3, 332 p., 29 pis., 3 figs.

Conrad, T. A., 1875, Descriptions of new genera and species of 

fossil shells of North Carolina, in Kerr, W. C., North Carolina Geol. Survey Kept., v. 1, app. A, p. 1-13, pis. 1, 2.

Cook, G. H., and Smock, J. C., 1878, Report on the clay deposits 

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. p. 213-218. 9

Dorf, Erling, 1952, Critical analysis of Cretaceous stratigraphy 

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ADDITIONS TO FAUNA OF THE RAEITAN FORMATION, NEW JERSEY 41

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Paleontology ser., v. 1), 338 p., 35 pis.

INDEX

Page 

Alectryonia................................... 29

(Alectryonia) jerseiana, Ostrea........... 26, $9, pi. 6

Aliofusus sayrei__-_______________ 26, S9 

alta, Callistina (Lamia)....................... 34

Anchura... _-_.-______________. 25 

honeana.--------......__._..--___.... 38

pontana...... .______ ____ 26,27,38, pi. 8

raritanensis---------- ___________. 38

Aphrodina—------ _-__________---. 34

johntoni.....—.......................... 34

Arundel formation,-.______________ 27

Atettana.-- — _.-.-____________.. 35

pelagana-.... .__.___________ 27

raritana._--__.___________ 35

Baker, Roger C., fossil collection..-___-__. 25 

bakeri, Turritetta-—-...........------ 26,37,40, pi. 8

Banquereau Bank___.________________ 26,27

Barbatia cuniculana____________ 26,27, pi. 6 

biangulata, Opis elevata__.____.._ 26, S#, pi. 7 

Black Creek formation, Snow Hill marl member.---.---__.___-.----„_-. 28

blanpiedi, Idonearca.-.-. ______..__ 26, #8, pi. 6

Breviarca..---. _——__.___________ 28

perovalis -. -..______.____..____ 28

sp. A..-.--—--——.—.——. 26, 28, pi. 6 

sp. B__.--.................——— 26,£8,pi. 6

brevifrons, Nemodon.-.... ______. ___ 29

CaUittina—————————————————— 34

johnsoni..----- ____________ 26, 84, pi. 7

lamareniiis___._____________ 34 

(Larma) alta—.......——.—...———— 34

munda_. — -_____________ 34 

taffi———— —............ ............ 34

cameleo, Ostrea---------- __________...- 30

(Camptonectes) ellsworthensis, Pecten____ 30

sp., Pecten.—...____________ 26, SO, pi. 7

Cardium longstreeti--..-... __________. 33

sp. A-------. — —-————.. 26,S3, pi. 7

sp. B_ ..................................

sp. C. __......_—„—_-___-_-_——

(Oranocardium) sayrei........-......—. .- 33

sp———————.-——---.— 26, SS

Caryocorbula ovisana___________ 26, S^, pi. 7 

Cliona retiformis. ______________ 26, 27, pi. 6 

Corbulasp——...................-.... 26,35,40,pi. 7

craticula, Voysa__._______-....._ 38

cuniculana, Barbatia---- _-...___.__ 26,#7,pi. 6

Voysa-----.-----.--—.-.-.------ 26,38, pi. 8

dalli, Phelopteria,..-... .________-_ 26, 29, pi. 6

decora, Pirsila.......______________ 40

Dentalium....--.... ..._________..._ 35

sp-———-------__._____..____ 26, S5

Dorf, Erling, cited-..--.-.--__.______ 27 

elevata, Opis..— — ...—.....———....... .__ 26,33

elevata biangulata, Opis. _________ 26, S#,pl. 7 

ellsworthensis, Pecten (Camptonectes)_____ 30 

Exogyra-..-- __----___..__—____ 25,30

sp_-----—---————__---------- 26,30

Fasciolaria.... _..___.__________ 25

ferrata, Plicatula——————————.... 26,SJ,pl. 7

Fossils, collections- ______________ 25

source of—..———__.________.. 26

Fulpia-—— -.—---.______________ 33

sp..--------------———.--——__---- 26,S3

Geloina......... ,______________.__ 32

tenuidens......—— .....—........... 26, S2, pi. 7

[Italic numbers indicate descriptions]

Page

Onathodon tenuidens.. __________-..-- 32 

(Oranocardium) sayrei, Cardium---------_. 33

sp., Cardium.--.. — .......________ 26,S3

Helicacanthus_-__________.___-__ 36

sp A...-__.-—.—-...--...-„.--.. 26,Stf,pl. 8

sp. B——.--.--------------..------.. 26, S5, pi. 8

horreana, Anchura-----___-.__.___ 38

howelli, Plicatula- ___________ 26, SO, 40, pi. 7 

Idonearca blanpiedi-- ______..___ 26, #8, pi. 6 

jerseiana, Ostrea (Alectryonia)— _----- 26,29, pi. 6

Johnson, M. E., cited.._.________..- 27 

johnsoni, Aphrodina.....--------__ —-___ 34

Callistina—_____.___.___ 26, 84, pi. 7 

Knapp, G. N., cited————————— 25,26,27

koninckii, Trichotropis...... __--------__ 37

Kiimmel, H. B., cited..-.-.--..-.-----.... 25,26,27

lamarensis, Callistina.-...------ _._--.__-_ 34

(Larma) alta, Callistina-. __-.._---___- 34

munda, Callistina......................... 34

taffi, Callistina—...—— ———— ————— 34 

lepida, Lirpsa--- _________.___ 26, S6, pi. 8 

Linearia _-----------____._..___-- 34

lirulifera--—. _____.___.__ 26, 84, pi. 7 

Lirpsa-- ____._-_____.________ 37

lepida.—————————————— 26, 36, pi. 8

teres....-_-__----_____---___ 37

lirulifera, Linearia——— ._ ___-__ 62, 34, pi. 7 

Lispodesthessp....... — — .——— -______ 26,40

longstreeti, Cardium........................... 33

macneili, Turritella.. __------_—___.- 37

Margarita mwdgeana--- _--.-__-----_.-.- 36

meslei, Ostrea....------___---------___. 30

Middlesex County.-.__ — — - — — — — ___-- 25

mudgeana, Margarita---- —— —————.—— 36

munda, Callistina (Larma)-... —— — --------- 34

Naritra————-------------------------------- 31

polliciformis- _____-___------- 26,S#,pl. 7

Nemodon brevifrons.--..... . —.__------—— 29

oftesMS----.------------------------- 26,28, pi. 6

newberryi, Turbo... .-___.-.-.__--------- 36

obesus, Nemodon----.- ____------_- 26,#8,pi. 6

Pollex...--------__------------------- 31,32

obtusa, Pirsila-.---.------.------.-.-----.--- 40

Opis._______._------__.__-,-.__ 26

elevata—————————— ———— 26,33

biangulata.----. — ... ._____ 26,S#,pl. 7

Ostrea cameleo---... ____-..—_----_-..- 30

————————————— 30

.------.-.--------------- 26, SO, pi. 6

——— ————— —— ——— 30-

travisana....---_____.__------------ 30

(Alectryonia) jerseiana.——— ------ 26, 89, pi. 6

ovisana, Caryocorbula............-------- 26, 34, pi. 7

Paladmete.------.-..-.....-------------.... 39

pristina----.-...———————.— 26,S9,pl. 8

turbiformis___---_ — __----__-- 39

Patapsco formation____...__ — __—— 27 

Pecten (Camptonectes) ellsworthensis-...... — . 30

sp—-------------------------—-- 26,SO,pl. 7

Pedalion-———————————-__--- 29

sp— -----------------__---------- 26, £9, pi. 6

pelagana, Avellana.-....- ——————— —. — - 27

perovalis, Breviarca—-__------—------------ 28

peruanum, Petropoma....... __-——_-—— 35

Peterson, J. J., cited___—___------—— 27

petholatus, Turbo....._____-------_- 35

Page 

Petropoma. ----------------------------——- 35

peruanum..--.-- — ——— ———————— 35 

raritanum-------.----..---------— 26,S5, pi. 8

Phelopteria dalli.— ————————— 26, £0, pi. 6

Pinna——————————————— 25,29

sp— ----------------------___ 26,00,pi. 6

Pirs?7a—---------------------———---------- 40

decora-------- — -- — — —— ————— —— 40

obtusa---------—_-——————————— 40

sp_—---------------------------- 26, 40, pi. 8

Plicatula.---.. —— — —— ———————————— 31

/errata—..—————— — ——— 26, SI, pi. 7

howelli.---——- ——.— .—-— 26, SO, 40,pi. 7 

woodburyensis__----- ———————— —— 31

Pollex-- — — ————— —————————— 31

obesus—— —————————————— 31,32

polliciformis, Naritra—.......-,..-....... 26, SS, pi. 7

pontana, Anchura-.—--------------- 26,27,38, pi. 8

pristina, Paladmete——- _-------------- 26, 39, pi. 8

Pyrgulifera. -....... ———————————— — - 38

sp—————-——— — ——— 26, £8, pi. 8

Rangia———————————————— 26,32

tenuidens... ————————————————— 32

Raritan formation, age of beds- ———————— 27

features—————————————— 25-26

Woodbridge member. -—_——————— 25 

raritana, Avellana———————————————— 35 

raritanensis, Anchura*—————————————— 38 

raritanum, Petropoma. —————————— 26, 85, pi. 8 

retiformis, Cliona-——.———-.———— 26,27,pi. 6 

Richards, H. G., cited———————— 25,26,27

sayrei, Aliofusus...—————————— — ——— 26,39

Cardium (Oranocardium)... —————— — 33

Sayrevitte-------—---------------——-——— 25

shuleri, Turritella-.-----------——-.——— 38

Siderite nodules.------———————————-— 25

soleniscus, Ostrea-------- ——_ ———... 26, SO, pi. 6

Spangler, W. B., cited——-—————— — -- 27

Sponges, boring-- — - — — — — -- ———— — -— 27

Strepsidura.------------------ —— —————— 39

sp. A..— ———————————— 26,S9,pl. 8

sp. B — ——————— ———— 26,S9,pl. 8

syphax, Ostrea---- — — —— ------ ——— — — 30

taffi, Callistina (Larma)-————-——————— 34 

tenuidens, Geloina—... —— — — ———— 26, 3%, pi. 7

Onathodon__—— — — __- — ————— — - 32

Rangia...—————- — — ——————— -- 32 

teres, Lirpsa--- ———— _ —— ————— ————— 37

thomsonina, Twritetta-...-.-. ——————— — 37 

travisana, Ostrea-. —— ----- ——————— -—— 30

Trichotropis koninckii- ——————————— —— - 37 

turbiformis, Paladmete.--- — —————— —— - 39 

Turbo,. ----------------------------—-——-- 35

newberryi.- —————— —— —————— — 36

petholatus———— — —— ———————— 35

Turritella bakeri——— — ———— 26,37,40, pi. 8

macneili.--... —— — ——— -———————— 37 

shuleri————————————————— 38

thomsonina. ----------- — —— —————— 37

Yokes, H. E., cited—————————— 27

Voysa craticula-.................. —————— 38

cuniculana—...—.. —————————— 26,38, pi. 8 

Woodbine formation.————————- 26,28

Woodbridge fire clay__---------———-— 27

woodburyensis, Plicatula----- — ——————— - 31

48

PLATES 6-8
PLATE 6

[Figures natural size except as indicated]

FIGURE 1. Cliona retiformis Stephenson (p. 27).

View (X 3) of ferruginous casts of borings, in molluscan shell fragment (shell substance removed in solution). USGS

19014, USNM 108611. 

2-5. Barbatiaf cuniculana Stephenson, n. sp. (p. 27).

2. View (X 2) of rubber cast from external mold of holotype. USGS 19014, USNM 108613.

3. View (X 2) of rubber cast from external mold of a paratype. Same source, USNM 108614.

4. Dorsal view of internal mold of a paratype, from same source. USNM 108614.

5. View (X 2) of internal mold of a right valve of a paratype, from same source. USNM 108614. 

6, 7. Breviarca? sp. A (p. 28).

6. View (X 3) of internal mold of right valve. USGS 19014, USNM 108616.

7. View (X 3) of rubber cast from external mold of posterior portion of an incomplete example, from same source. 

USNM 108616.

8. Breviarca? sp. B (p. 28).

View (X 2) of internal mold of an incomplete right valve. USGS 19014, USNM 108618.

9. Idonearca blanpiedi Stephenson? (p. 28).

Internal mold of a right valve. USGS 19013, USNM 108619. 

10—15. Nemodon obesus Stephenson, n. sp. (p. 28).

10. View (X IK) of internal mold of a cotype, a right valve. USGS 19014, USNM 108620.

11. View (X 4) of rubber cast from external mold of umbonal and posterior portions of the preceding cotype.

12. 13. Views of internal molds of left valve (X 2) and of right valve (X !#)• of cotypes. USGS 19014, USNM 

108620.

14. View (X 2) of rubber cast from external mold of a left valve of a cotype, from same source. USNM 108620.

15. View (X 2) of rubber cast from external mold of the anteroventral portion of a right valve of a cotype, from the 

same source. USNM 108620.

16. Pinna? sp. (p. 29).

View (X 1}S) of internal mold of the anterior end of a Pinna-like bivalve. USGS 19013, USNM 108622.

17. Pedalionf sp. (p. 29).

View (X 1J£) of rubber cast showing the imprint of a portion of hinge and ligamental pits of a Pedalion-like bivalve.

USGS 19014, USNM 108623. 

18, 19. Phelopteria dalli (Stephenson)? (p. 29).

18. Incomplete internal mold of right valve. USGS 19014, USNM 108624.

19. View of incomplete internal mold of a small left valve, from the same source. USNM 108624. 

20. Ostrea (Alectryonid) jerseiana Stephenson, n. sp. (p. 29).

Rubber cast from external mold of the holotype, a left(?) valve. USGS 19014, USNM 108626. 

21, 22. Ostrea soleniscus Meek (p. 30).

21. Rubber cast from external mold of a small right valve. USGS 19013, USNM 108627.

22. Internal mold of a medium-size left valve, showing Exoayra-like twist of the beak. USGS 19014, USNM 108629.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 264 PLATE 6

21 '20 

SPONGIAE AND PELECYPODA

22
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 264 PLATE 7

X 2

23

PELECYPODA
PLATE 7

[Figures natural size except as indicated]

FIGURES 1/2. Pecten (Camptonectes) sp. (p. 30).

1. View (X 2) of rubber cast from portion of external mold of left valve. USGS 19014, USNM 108632.

2. Internal mold of portion of left valve, from same source. USNM 108632. 

3-5. Plicatula howelli Richards (p. 30).

3. View (X 1)0 of rubber cast from exterior mold of left valve of a plesiotype (=topotype). USGS 19014, USNM 

108633.

4. View (X 1}Q of rubber cast from exterior mold of right valve of a plesiotype (=topotype), from the same 

source. USNM 108633.

5. View (X 1H) of internal mold of a plesiotype (=topotype), from the same source. USNM 108633. 

6. Plicatula ferrata Stephenson, n. sp. (p. 31).

View (X 1M) of rubber cast from the holotype, an external mold. USGS 19013, USNM 108637. 

7-9. Naritra polliciformis Stephenson, n. gen. and sp. (p. 32).

7. The holotype, an internal mold of a right valve. USGS 19014, USNM 108638.

8. View (X 3) of the imprint of the hinge of the left valve of a paratype. USGS 19014, USNM 108639.

9. View (X 3) of rubber cast from imprint of hinge of the same paratype. 

10-14. Geloina? tenuidens (Whitfield) (p. 32).

10. A plesiotype, an internal mold of a left valve. USGS 19013, USNM 108641.

11. View (X l/^) of imprint of the hinge of the left valve of the preceding plesiotype.

12. View (X lYz) of rubber cast from imprint of hinge of the same plesiotype.

13. Right valve of a plesiotype, an internal mold of both valves. USGS 19013, USNM 108641.

14. Rear view of the preceding plesiotype. 

15, 16. Opisf elevata biangulata Stephenson, n. var. (p. 32).

15. View (X 1#) of internal mold of the holotype, a right valve. USGS 19014, USNM 108642.

16. Rear view (X 1H) of the preceding holotype. 

17. Cardium sp. A (p. 33).

Rubber cast from exterior mold of part of anterior slope and side of a right valve. USGS 19014, USNM 108645. 

18-21. Callistinaf johnsoni (Richards) (p. 34).

18. View (X 1/2) of internal mold of a right valve, a plesiotype (=topotype). USGS 19013, USNM 108649.

19. Right valve of an internal mold, a plesiotype (=topotype), showing an obscure impression of the pallial line 

and sinus (outlined). USGS 19013, USNM 108649.

20. View (X 1>£) of the left valve of the internal mold shown in figure 19. USNM 108649.

21. Front view of the same internal mold. 

22-25. Linearia lirulifera Stephenson, n. sp. (p. 34).

22. View (X 2) of rubber cast of external mold of the holotype, a left valve. USGS 19014, USNM 108650.

23. View (X 2) of rubber cast of the external mold of a paratype, a right valve, from the same source. USNM 

108651.

24. View (X 2) of rubber cast of the external mold of a paratype, a left valve, from the same source. USNM 

108651.

25. View (X l)i) of internal mold of the holotype. USNM 108651. 

26. Caryocorbula? ovisana Stephenson (p. 34).

View (X 3) of rubber cast of external mold of a plesiotype, a right valve. USGS 19014, USNM 108653. 

27, 28. "Corbula" sp. (p. 35).

Views (X 3) of rubber casts of two external molds of left valves. USGS 19014, USNM 108654.
PLATE 8

[Figures natural size except as indicated]

FIGITBES 1, 2. Petropomaf raritanum (Richards) (p. 35).

1. Top view (X 1%) of a rubber cast from an external mold of a plesiotype (= topotype). USGS 19014, USNM 

108657.

2. Side view (X 1/i) of the same rubber cast. 

3, 4. Helicacanthus? sp. A. (p. 36),

3. Side view (X 2) of a rubber cast from an external mold. USGS 19014, USNM 108659.

4. Top view (X 2) of the same rubber cast. 

5. Helicacanthusf sp. B (p. 36).

Side view (X 3) of a rubber cast from an external mold. USGS 19014, USNM 108661. 

6-13. Lirpsaf lepida Stephenson, n. sp. (p. 36).

6. Back view (X 2) of rubber cast from the external mold of the holotype. USGS 19014, USNM 108663. 

7-11. Back views (X 2) of rubber casts of external molds of five paratypes showing variations in details of sculpture. USGS 19014, USNM 108664.

12, 13. Front and back views of the internal mold associated with the paratype illustrated in figure 8. 

14-17. Turritella bakeri Richards (p. 37).

14. View (X 1%) of an internal mold, with spiral sculpture impressed upon it, of a plesiotype (= topotype). USGS 

19013, USNM 108666.

15. View (X 1%) of another internal mold of a plesiotype (= topotype), from the same source. USNM 108666.

16. 17. Views (X 2) of rubber casts from external molds of two plesiotypes (= topotypes). USGS 19014, USNM 

108667.

18. "Pyrgulifera" sp. (p. 38).

Front view (X 2) of an internal mold with sculpture impressed upon it. USGS 19013, USNM 108669.

19. Voysaf cuniculana Stephenson, n. sp. (p. 38).

Back view (X 3) of rubber cast from an external mold of the holotype. USGS 19014, USNM 108670. 

20, 21. Anchura pontana Stephenson (p. 38).

Back views of internal molds of two plesiotypes with sculpture impressed upon them. USGS 19013, USNM 108671.

22. Strepsiduraf sp. A (p. 39).

Front view (X 2) of rubber cast from an external mold. USGS 19014, USNM 108673.

23. Strepsiduraf sp. B (p. 39).

Front view (X 3) of rubber cast from an external mold. USGS 19014, USNM 108675. 

24-26. Paladmete pristina Stephenson, n. sp. (p. 39).

24. Back view (X 3) of rubber cast from the external mold of the holotype. USGS 19014, USNM 108677.

25. Back view (X 3) of an internal mold of a paratype, from the same source. USNM 108678.

26. Back view (X 3) of an internal mold of a paratype showing row of internal crenulations just back of outer lip, 

from the same source. USNM 108678.

27. Pirsilaf sp. (p. 40).

Back view (X 2) of an internal mold. USGS 19013, USNM 108680.

28. Molds of fecal? pellets on ferruginous sandstone (p. 40). USGS 19013, USNM 108684.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 264 PLATE 8

21 24

GASTROPODA AND FECAL? PELLETS