October 2008

Update on U.S. DOE’s Sequestrat

Scott M. SmouseSenior International Manager / Strategic Center scott.smouse@netl.doe.gov 412­386­5725

APEC EGCFE Clean Fossil Energy Technical a

Incheon, Korea12­14 October 2009

Mo
Carbon Sequestration Program 

Develop Technology Options Tha

• Deliver technologies and best practices that provide 

and Safe Storage (CCSS) with:

– 90% CO2 capture at source

– 99% storage permanence

– < 10% increase in COE

• Pre­combustion capture (IGCC)

– < 35% increase in COE

• Post­combustion capture• Oxy­combustion

2
Key Challenges to Carbon Capture an

Technical Issues

• Capture Technology

– Existing Plants– New Plants (PC)– IGCC

• Cost of CCS

• Sufficient Storage Capacity

• Permanence• Best Practices

– Storage Site

Characterization

– Monitoring/Verification– Site Closure

– Etc.

Legal/Social Issues

• Regulatory Framework

– Permitting– Treatment of CO2

•Infrastructure• Human Capital• Legal Framework

– Liability– Ownership

• pore space

• CO2

•Public Acceptance

(NIMBY � NUMBY)

Projects helping to addre

both categories of issue

3
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY  • OFFICE OF FOSSIL ENE

NATIONAL ENERGY TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY

CARBON  SEQUESTRATION  PROGRA

Core R&D

Capture

Geologic Storage

Monitoring, Verification,

and  Accounting (MVA)

Simulation and

Risk Assessment

CO2 Use/Reuse

Benefits

• Reduced cost of CCS• Tool development for risk 

assessment and mitigation

• Accuracy/monitoring quantified• Capacity validation• Indirect storage

Technology

Solutions

Lessons     

Learned     

Infrastructure

Regional Carbon Sequestration

Partnerships

Characterization

Validation

Development

Other Large­Scale Projects

Benefits

• Human capital• Stakeholder networking• Regulatory policy development• Visualization knowledge center• Best practices• Public outreach and education

Technology

Solutions

Lessons     

Learned     

Demonstration and Commercialization

Carbon Capture and Sequestration

(CCS) 4
     

1997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009 2010 Req

Sequestration Program Statistics 

Strong indus

DOE Budget (Million $) 020406080 100 120 140 160 180 ~ 39% cost s

Federal inves

~ $631 millio

Budg

Sim

MVA

Fiscal Year 10%

Geologic

Carbon

Sequestration

5%

Diverse research portfolio

~ 80 Active R&D Projects

14%

CO2 Capture

CO2 Use/Reuse

5% 

As

5
Key:

­   ­

­

Core R&D Focus Areas

and

Supporting Research Pathwa

Capture

Pre combustion (Pre Combustion) Capture

� �Membrane Membrane Processes

�Solvent­Based Processes � �Solvent­Based Sorbent­Based Processes�Improved Water Gas Shift � Sorbent­Based Reactor

� �Coal­to­Liquids Technology �Novel Concepts Novel Concepts

Geologic Carbon

Geologic Carbon MV

Storage Storage

� �Improved Fundamental Improved Understanding Fundamental 

Understanding

Remote Se

�Technology Development �Atmospheric 

� Technology

Development �Near­Surfac

�Wellbore Mo�Subsurface 

�Accounting 

CO Simulation and 2Use/Re use Risk Assessment Approaches Approaches

�Conversion �Conversion ofofCO2 CO2 �Mathematical Models

�Non­Geologic �Non­Geologic CO Storage 2 CO Development 2

�Indirect Storage Storage and Verification �Beneficial Use of Produced � Water Indirect Storage �Improved Risk � Beneficial �BreakthroughUseConcepts of Assessment

Produced Water Protocols � Breakthrough

Concepts 

� Research Pathway 6
Regional Carbon Sequestration Part

• Engage regional, state, and local • Determine regional sequestration • Baseline region for sources and s• Establish monitoring and verificat• Address regulatory, environmenta• Validate sequestration technology 

• 7 Regional Partnerships

• 43 States, 4 Canadian Provinces

• 350+ distinct organizations

Developing the Infrastructure for Wide­Scale 

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CHARACTERIZATION

PHASE

Characterize all RCSP 

regions for carbon capture 

and storage opportunities

VALIDATION PHASE

Validate technologies through 

field testing at selected geologic and 

terrestrial site locations

DEPLOYMENT PHASE

Complete largevolume deployment tests of seq

that will help enable future commercialscale a

Regional Carbon Sequestration Part

Program Phases

FISCAL YEAR

­

­

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 

CHARACTERIZATION

PHASE

Characterize all RCSP

regions for carbon capture

and storage opportunities

VALIDATION PHASE

Validate technologies through

field testing at selected geologic

and terrestrial site locations

DEVELOPMENT PHASE

Complete large­volume development tests of sequ

that will help enable future commercial ­ sca

2003 2004 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 

Scale of 100 to

10,000 Tons CO2

Scale of 1M To

$16M DOE + $5M CS

$120M DOE + $43M CS

~$500M DOE ­ over $200M cost­s

8
U.S. Emissions ~ 6 GT CO2/yr all sources

Updated National Atlas Highlights (

Adequate Storage Projected for the North A

Annual Point Source CO2 Emissions ~3.8 GT

Oil and Gas Fields Saline Formations Un

North American CO2 Storage Potential

(Giga Tons) 

Conservative

Resource

Assessment

Sink Type Low High

Saline Formations 3,300 12,600

Unmineable Coal Seams 160 180

Oil and Gas Fields 140 140

Available for download at http://www.netl.doe.gov/technologies/carbon_seq/refsh

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RCSP Phase II: Validation

Small­Scale Geologic Field Tests

BSCSP BSCSP

WESTCARB WESTCARB

SWP SWP

PCOR PCOR

MGSC MGSC MRCSP MRCSP

SECARB SECARB

1

11

13

19

20

21

22

23

16

8

10

9

18

2

7 17

3

6

1514

Injection CompleteInjection Ongoing2009 Injection2010 Injection (Project moved

to Phase III)

5

12

4

Saline formations

(3,000 to 60,000 tons)

Depleted oil fields

(50 to 500,000 tons)

Coal Seams

(200 – 18,000 tons)

Basalt formation

(1,000 tons)

10

17

Data current as of April 2009

RCSP F

Big Sky S

MGSC

OSC

2 

7

MRCSP

S

8 

PCOR

OC

11

SECARB

OSC

111

SWP

OC

1

2

WESTCARB

S

2

10
Stage 1.

Site selection and characterization; Permitting

and NEPA compliance; Well completion and 

testing; Infrastructure development

Stage 2.

CO2 procurement and transportation;

Injection operations; Monitoring activities

Stage 3.

Site closure; Post injection monitoring, 

Project assessment

RCSP Deployment Phase  10 years (FY2008 2017)

Development Phase

Scaling Up Towards Commercial

FISCAL YEAR 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 

­

STAGE 1.

Site selection and characterization; Permitting

and NEPA compliance; Well completion and

testing; Infrastructure development

STAGE 2.

CO2 procurement and transportation;

Injection operations; Monitoring activities

STAGE 3.

Site closure; Post­injection monitoring,

Project assessment

Scale up is required to pr

into operational and tech

that differ from formation 

RCSP Development Phase– 10 years+ (FY2008­2017+) ­ ­

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Development Phase Goals

• Assess

– Injectivity and Capacity

– Storage Permanence

– Areal Extent of Plume and Leakage

Pathways

• Develop

– Risk Assessment Strategies– Best Practices for Industry

• Engage in Public Outreach and

Education

• Support Regulatory Development

12
8

7

3

1

2

4

6

5

9

Large­Volume Geologic Field Tests

� Nine large­volum

� Injections initiat

Injection

Well Drilled

Injection

Started

Core Sampling

Taken

RCSP Phase III: Developme

2009 Injection Scheduled2010 Injection Scheduled2011 Injection Scheduled

Partnership Geologic Pr

1 Big Sky Triassic Nugget S

Moxa Ar

2 MGSC Deep Mt. Simon 3 MRCSP Shallow Mt. Simo4 Williston Basin C5

PCOR

Devonian Age Car

6

SECARB Lower Tuscaloos

Massive San

78 SWP Regional Jurass

Formatio

9 WESTCARB Central Va

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CCS Best Practice Manuals

Critical Requirement For Significant Wide­Scale D

Capturing Lessons Learned

Best Practice Manual

Version 1

(Phase II)

Version 2

(Phase III)

Monitoring, Verification, and

Accounting 2009 2017 

Site Characterization 2010 2016 

Simulation and Risk Assessment 2010 2017 

Well Construction and Closure 2010 2017 

Regulatory Compliance 2010 2016 

Public Education 2009 2016 

Terrestrial Sequestration Practices 2010 2016 – P

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Recent Program Funding Oppor

Announcements (FOAs)

• Pre­Combustion Carbon Capture Technolog

Based Gasification Plants

– Funding Opportunity Announcement DE­PS

– 9 projects selected in June 2009 in 4 major 

(1) high­temperature/high­pressure membrane

(2) high­efficiency solvents(3) solid sorbents

(4) novel concepts

– ~$14.4M total award value over 3 years ($3.1

– Project awards by end of FY09

– Techline at

http://www.netl.doe.gov/publications/press/

DOE_Awards_Carbon_Capture_Projects.htm

15
Recent Program Funding Oppor

Announcements (FOAs)

• Innovative and Advanced Technologies and 

for MVA, Simulation, and Risk Assessment 

Formations

– Funding Opportunity Announcement DE­FO

– Released 18 February 2009; Closing Date 1– 19 projects selected in 3 major categories

(1) MVA of CO2 sequestration in geologic 

(2) simulating behavior of geologically seq

CO2

(3) conducting risk assessments associat

geologic CO2 sequestration activity

– ~$34.7M total award value over 4 years ($8.

share)

– Awards anticipated in October 2009

16
American Recovery and Reinvestm

(ARRA) Funding for CCS

• Secretary Chu announced on 15 May 2009, t

billion from ARRA to expand and accelerate 

deployment of CCS technology

– DOE posted Notices of Intent supporting

• Clean Coal Power Initiative ­ $800 million

• Industrial CCS projects ­ $1.52 billion

• Geologic sequestration site characteriza

million

• Geologic sequestration training and rese

million

– Techline at

http://www.fossil.energy.gov/news/techlinesDOE_Announces_Stimulus_Funding.html

17
American Recovery and Reinvestm

(ARRA) Funding for CCS

• Industrial Carbon Capture and Storage Tech

Coal­Based Gasification Plants

– Funding Opportunity Announcement DE­FOA

– 12 Phase I projects selected in September 20

– ~$44.1M total award value

• $21.6M ARRA; $22.5M cost­share

– Winning projects subject to further competiti

in 2010 after successful completion of Phase 

– Projects that best demonstrate ability to add

mission needs will receive additional ARRA fdesign, construction, and operation

– Techline at

http://www.netl.doe.gov/publications/press/2DOE_Announces_Industrial_CCS.html

18
American Recovery and Reinvestm

(ARRA) Funding for CCS

• Recent Industrial CCS Projects Awards

– Ramgen Power Systems, LLC in August 2009

• Scale up device that uses supersonic sho

compress CO2 for capture and storage ($

• TechLine at

http://www.netl.doe.gov/publications/presDOE_Announces_Ramgen_Power_System

– Arizona Public Service in September 2009

• Expand existing industrial and innovative 

reuse carbon mitigation project ($70.5M)

• TechLine at

http://www.netl.doe.gov/publications/presAPS_to_Scale_Up_CCS_Project.html

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American Recovery and Reinvestm

(ARRA) Funding for CCS

• Regional Sequestration Technology Training 

– Funding Opportunity Announcement DE­FOA­0000– 7 projects selected in August 2009 in 5 activity are

(1) Implement Organized Sponsorship Development Progr

development of self­sustained long­term technology pro

federal government support

(2) Short Courses on CCS Technologies – work with exper

and develop training materials for professionals

(3) Regional Training—Outreach and Networking – conduc

CCS technologies

(4) Perform Regional/Basin Technology Transfer Services 

technology with various outreach materials and coordin

regional/basin efforts

(5) Plan and Manage Recipient’s Regional Program

–~$8.47M total award value over 3 years

–Techline at http://www.netl.doe.gov/publications/pres

DOE_Awards_CCS_Training_Projects.html

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DOE’s Global CCS Demonstration Role on F

Select DOE Participation in International CO2 Storag

Location Operations U.S. Involvement Reservoir Opera

/Lea

North America, Canada

SaskatchewanWeyburn­Midale

1.8 Mt CO2/yr

commercial 2000 2000­2011

oil field

carbonate

EOR

Encana,Apache

North America, Canada,

AlbertaZama oil field

250,000 tons CO2,

90,000 tons H2S

demo

2005­2009

oil field

carbonate

EOR

Apache(Reg. Par

North America, Canada,

British ColumbiaFort Nelson

> 1 Mt CO2/yr,

1.8 Mt acid gas/yrlarge­scale demo

2009­2015 saline formation Spectra Energy (Reg. Par

Europe, North Sea,NorwaySleipner

1 Mt CO2/yr

commercial 1996 2002­2011 marine sandstone StatoilHy

Europe, Germany,KetzinCO2SINK

60,000­90,000tonnes CO2

demo 2008

2007­2010 saline sandstone GeoFors

ungsZenPotsdam 

Australia, VictoriaOtway Basin

100,000 tonnesCO2 demo 2008 2005­2010 gas field sandstone CO2CRC 

Africa, AlgeriaIn Salah gas

1 Mt CO2/yr

commercial 2004 2005­2010 gas field sandstone BP, Sona

Statoil H

Asia, China,Ordos Basin

assessment phaseCCS 2008­TBD Ordos Basin Shenhua 

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