# E C 

# / R Incorporated Providing Environmental Technical Support Since 1989

501 Eastowne Drive, Suite 25 0  Chapel Hill, North Carolina 2751 4 Telephone: (919)484 - 0222  Fax: (919) 484 - 0122 

# MEMORANDUM DATE: June 29 , 20 1 0 SUBJECT: Control Costs for Existing Stationary S I RI CE FROM: Bradley

Nelson, EC/R, Inc. TO: Melanie King , EPA OAQPS/SPPD/ESG
1.0 PURPOSE The purpose of this memorandum is to present information on the costs of control technology

options for reducing hazardous air pollutants (HAP) emissions from existing stationary spark ignition ( S I) reciprocating internal combustion engines (RICE) . The memorandum will look at the cost of retrofitting control technology on existing engines. This information will be use d to determine national impacts associated with the final rule . 2.0 INTRODUCTION EPA has determined that oxidation catalysts for two - stroke lean burn (2SLB) and fourstroke lean burn (4SLB) engines , and non- selective catal ytic reduction (NSCR) for four- stroke rich burn (4SRB) engines are applicable controls for HAP reduction from existing stationary S I RICE. To determine the capital and annual costs for these control technologies, e quipment cost information was obtained from industry groups 1 

# and vendors and manufacturers of SI engine control technology . In some cases, the industry groups provided a breakdown of the capital and annual cost components for each of the retrofit options. Using this cost data, annualized cost and capital cost equations for oxidation catalysts and NSCR were developed.

1 

# Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engine National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (RICE NESHAP) Proposed Revisions

– Emission Control Costs Analysis Background f or “Above the Floor” Emission Controls for Natural Gas - Fired RICE , Innovative Environmental Solutions Inc., October 200 9 . (EPA- HQ - OAR2008 - 0708 - 0279) .

# 2

3.0 CONTROL COST MET H ODOLOGY The following section s describe the methodology used to derive the total capital and total annual costs for each of the control technology options . These methodologies were used to calculate total capital and total annual costs when only purchased equipment costs were available (e.g., vendor equipment costs). The methodologies were not used for cost data provided b y industry groups because they included a breakdown of the actual total capital and total annual costs. A summary

of the methodologies, equations, and assumptions used to estimate the total capital and total annual cost s for some of the costs data are described in the following sections. 3.1 Total Capital Costs The total capital cost includes the direct and indirect costs of purchasing and installing the control equipment. The direct cost includes the cost of purchasing the equipment and instrumentation, cost of shipping, and the cost of installing the control equipment. The indirect cost includes the costs for engineering, contractor fees, testing costs, and also includes costs for contingencies, such as additional modifications, or delays in startup. The total capital cost equati on can be summarized as follows: Total Capital Cost (TCC) = Direct Costs (DC) + Indirect Costs (IC) The direct costs include the costs of purchasing and installing the control equipment and can be summarized using the following equation; DC = Purchased E quipment C ost (PEC) + Direct Installation Costs (DIC ) . A summary of the cost assumptions for PEC includes the following :

- Control Device and Auxiliary Equipment (EC) ;

- Instrumentation (10% of EC) ;

- Sales Tax (3 % of EC) ;

- Freight (5% of EC) ; and can be summarized as : PEC = 118% EC . A summary

of the cost assumptions for DIC includes the following:

- Foundations and Supports (8% of PEC) ;

- Handling and Erection (14% of PEC) ;

- Electrical (4% of PEC) ;

- Piping (2% of PEC) ;

- Insulation for Ductwork (1% of PEC) ;

# 3

- Painting (1% of PEC) ; and can be summarized as : DIC = 30% PEC = 0.3 PEC . Therefore, the direct costs can be simplifi ed using the following equation: DC = PEC + 0.3 PEC = 1.3 PEC . The indirect cost s include the costs of engineering and contractor fees and contingencies and can be summarized using the following equation: IC = Indirect Installation Costs ( IC C ) + Contingencies ( C ) . A summary

of the cost assumptions for ICC includes the following :

- Engineering (10% of PEC) ;

- Construction and Field Expenses (5% of PEC) ;

- Contractor Fees (10% of PEC) ;

- Startup (2% of PEC) ;

- Performance Test (1% of PEC) ; and can be summarized as: IIC = 28% PEC = 0.28 PEC . A summary

of the cost assumptions for C includes the following :

- Equipment Redesign and Modifications ;

- Cost Escalations ;

- Delays in Startup ; and is assumed to be: C = 3% PEC = 0.03 PEC . Therefore, the ICcan be summarized using the following equation : IC = 0.28 PEC + 0.03 PEC = 0.31 PEC , and the simplified TCC equation can be expressed as : TCC = 1.3 PEC + 0.31 PEC = 1.61 PEC = 1.61 (1.18 EC) = 1.9 EC

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3.2 Total Annual Costs The total annual cost includes the direct and indirect annual costs of operating and maintaining the control equipment. The direct annual cost includes the cost of the utilities, operating labor, and control device cleaning and maintenance. The indirect annual cost includes the overhead costs such as spare parts for the control equipment , administrative charges, and the capital recovery

of the control technology . The total annual cost equation can be summarized as follows : Total Annual Cost (TAC) = Direct Annual Costs (D AC) + Indirect Annual Costs (IAC) . The DAC includes the following parameters :

- Utilities ;

- Operating Labor ;

- Maintenance ;

- Annual Compliance Test ;

- Catalyst Cleaning ;

- Catalyst Replacement ;

- Catalyst Disposal . The IAC includes the following parameters :

- Overhead ;

- Fuel Penalty ;

- Property Tax ;

- Insurance ;

- Administrative Charges ;

- Capital Recovery

= {I(1+I) n

# /((1+I) n 

# - 1)*TCC} where I is the interest rate, and n is the equipment life. To calculate DAC, the costs were broken up into three separate costs: operation and maintenance materials cost, operation and maintenance labor cost, a nd the cost for annual performance testing or downtime or allowance for catal ys t washing. Actual annual cost data from the industry

groups were used to estimate the DAC for each of the control technologies. The IAC was broken up into three separate costs: administrative, fuel penalty, and capital recovery . Again, cost data from the industry groups was used to estimate these costs for each of the control technologies. No fuel penalty was estimated for the oxidation catalyst control technologies, because this control technology does not increase the fuel usage of the SI engine.

# 5

4.0 CONTROL COST EQUATIONS Control cost equations were developed for 2SLB oxidation catalyst, 4SLB oxidation catal ys t, and a NSCR for 4SRB engines using the total capital cost and total annual cost data for each control technology . Control cost equations for 2SLB and 4SLB oxidation catalysts were developed separate ly because the 2SLB oxidation catal ys t requires a premium catal ys t to reduce the HAP compounds because of the low exhaust temperature of 2SLB engines . 4.1 2SLB Oxidation Catalyst The 2SLB oxidation catalyst is an effective control technology that reduces HAP emissions from a 2SLB SI engine by oxidizing organic compounds using a catal ys t. The oxidation catalyst unit c ontains a honeycomb - like structure or substrate with a large surface area that is coated with a premium active catal yst layer, such as, platinum or palladium . The oxidation catalyst works by oxidizing carbon monoxide ( CO ) and gaseous hydrocarbons (HAP) in the exhaust gas to carbon dioxide (CO 2 

# ) and water . The reduction of CO and HAP varies depending on the ty

pe of catal ys t used and the exhaust temperature of the pollutant stream. The cost of retrofitting an oxidation catalyst to an existing 2SLB engin e was estimated using cost data obtained from vendors and industry groups covering engines ranging from 58 horsepower (HP ) to 4 , 670 HP. An equipment life of 1 0 years and an interest rate of 7 percent were used to estimate the capital recovery of the control technology and the fuel penalty

was assumed to be negligible. The cost equations are presented in 200 9 dollars. The total annualized cost equation for retrofitting an oxidation catalyst on a 2SLB engine was estimated to be :

2SLB Oxidation Catalyst Total Annual Cost = $ 11. 4 x HP + $ 1 3 , 928 where; HP = engine size in HP. The linear equation has a correlation coefficient of 0. 8046 , which shows the data fit s the equation closel y. Therefore, this equation was used to estimate annualized cost for an oxidation catal ys t on a 2SLB engine . The total capital cost equation for retrofitting an oxidation catalyst on a 2SLB engine was estimated to be:

2SLB Oxidation Catalyst Total Capital Cost = $ 4 7. 1 x HP + $ 41,603 where; HP = engine size in HP.

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A summary

o f the cost calculations, regression analyses, and graphical representations of the annual and capital cost data are presented in Appendix A. 4.2 4SLB Oxidation Catalyst The 4SLB oxidation catalyst is an effective control technology that reduces HAP emis sions from a 4SLB SI engine b y oxidizing organic compounds using a catalys t. The oxidation catalyst unit contains a honeycomb - like structure or substrate with a large surface area that is coated with a premium active catal ys t layer, such as, platinum or p alladium . The oxidation catalyst works by oxidizing CO and gaseous hydrocarbons (HAP) in the exhaust gas to CO 2 

# and water . The reduction s of CO and HAP vary depending on the ty pe of catalyst used and the exhaust temperature of the pollutant stream. The cost of retrofitting an oxidation catalyst to an existing 4SLB engine was estimated using cost data obtained from vendors and industry groups covering engines ranging from 400 HP to 8 , 000 HP. Again, an equipment life of 1 0 years and an interest rate of 7 percent were used to estimate the capital recovery of the control technology and the fuel penalty

was assumed to be negligible. The cost equations are presented in 2009 dollars. The total annualized cost equation for retrofitting an oxidation catalyst on a 4 SLB engine was estimated to be :

4 SLB Oxidation Catalyst Total Annual Cost = $1 .81 x HP + $ 3,442 where; HP = engine size in HP. The linear equation has a correlation coefficient of 0. 9779 , which shows the data fit s the equation very closely . Therefore, this equation was used to estimate annualized cost for an oxidation catalyst on a 4 SLB engine . The total capital cost equation for retrofitting an oxidation catalyst on a 4 SLB SI engine was estimated to be:

4 SLB Oxidation Catalyst Total Capital Cost = $ 12.8 x HP + $ 3,069 where; HP = engine size in HP. A summary

of the cost calculations, regression analyses, and graphical representations of the annual and capital cost data are presented in Appendix A.

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4.3 Non -

Selective Catalytic Reduction The NSCR or three -way

catal ys t is used to control HAP emissions from 4SRB engines. In addition to HAP reductions, NSC R also reduces the emission s of nitrogen oxides (NO x

# ), CO , and other hydrocarbons (HC) . The reduction of HAP and CO takes place through a n oxidation reaction that converts HAP to CO 2 

# and water and converts CO to CO 2 

# . The conversion of NO x 

# takes place through a reduction of the NO x 

# to nitrogen gas and oxygen. The cost of retrofitting an NSCR on an existing 4SRB engine was estimated based on cost data received from vendors and industry groups. A linear regression analysis was done on the data set and the linear equation for annualized cost was; NSCR Annual Cost = $ 4.77 x HP + $ 5 , 679 where; HP = engine size in HP. The linear equation has a correlation coefficient of 0. 7987 , which shows an acceptable representation of the cost data . Therefore, this equation was used to estimate annualized cost for retrofitting the NSCR control technology on 4SRB engines . The capital cost equation for retrofitting an air- to - fuel ratio (AFR) controller and NSCR on a 4SRB engine was estimated to be: NSCR Capital Cost = $ 24.9 x HP + $ 13,118 where; HP = engine size in HP. A summary

of the cost calculations, regression analyses, and graphical representations of the annual and capital cost data are presented in Appendix A.

# 8

5.0 S UMMARY The following table presents a summary of the annual and capital control costs as a function of engine size for the control technologies applicable to existing stationar y S I engines, as discussed in this memorandum.

Table 1. Summary of Annual and Capital Costs Equations

for Existing Stationary SI Engines HAP Control Device Annual Cost ($ 2009 ) Capital Cost ($ 2009 ) 2SLB Oxidation Catalyst $ 11. 4 x HP + $ 1 3 , 928 $ 47.1 x HP + $ 41,603 4SLB Oxidation Catalyst $ 1 .81 x HP + $ 3,442 $ 12.8 x HP + $ 3,069 NSCR $ 4.77 x HP + $ 5,679 $ 24.9 x HP + $ 13,118

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6.0 References Technical Report: RICE NESHAP Control Costs Background for "Above the Floor Anal ys is", October 2009, Attachment N (EPA - HQ - OAR- 2008 - 0708 - 0279) . Email from Bruce Chrisman, Cameron's Compression Systems to TanyaParise, EC/R, Subject: Existing RICE NESHAP - Information for EPA for 2SLB Engines, October 16, 2009 . Email from James Harrison, Exterran to Melanie King, EPA, Subject: 2SLB - Cameron oxidation catalyst pricing, October 20, 2009 . Anadarko Petroleum Corporation Comments on the Proposed Revisions to the National Emission Standard for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines, June 2, 2009, Case Study (EPA - HQ - OAR- 2008 - 0708 - 0186). Email from Mike Leonard, Miratech Corporation to Brenda Riddle, AGTI, RE: Clarification of SCR Cost Information for EPA, July 20, 2005. (EPA - HQ - OAR- 2005 - 0030 - 0086). Email from Antonio Santos, MECA to Tanya Parise, EC/R, Subject: EPA Proposed Existing RICE NESHAP - Cost of Aftertreatment, October 2, 2009. Response #2 . Price quote from Charles Ball, Emissions & Silencer Technology for an oxidation catalyst for a 500 HP 4SLB engine. Memorandum from Tom McGrath, IES to Brad Nelson, EC/R, Request for Additional Cost Detail for Gas - Fired Engines Emission Controls , April 19, 2010. Technical Report: RICE NESHAP Control Costs Background for "Above the Floor Anal ys is", October 2009, Attachment D (EPA - HQ - OAR- 2008 - 0 708 - 0279) . Email from Nick Huff, Miratech to Jennifer Synder, AGTI, SCR Questions for RICE MACT, October 23, 2003 (EPA - HQ - OAR- 2005 - 0029 - 0038). Email from Mike Leonard, Miratech to Brad Nelson, AGTI, Information Request, July 21, 2005 (EPA - HQ - OAR- 2005 - 003 0 - 0087). Four Corners Air Quality Task Force Report of Mitigation Options, November 1, 2007. Mitigation Option: Use of NSCR/3 - Way Catalysts and Air/Fuel Ratio Controllers on Rich Burn Stoichiometric Engines (EPA - HQ - OAR- 2008 - 0708 - 0009).

# 10 Appendix A Control Cost Summary and Linear Regression Statistics

# 11

2SLB Oxidation Cat alyst Cost ($ 2009) Dir ec t Costs In dir ect Costs PEC DIC IIC C O&M Mate rials O&M Labor Tot al Dire ct Annual Cost (TDAC) Administrative

Char ges (ADMC) Fue l Penalt y

(FPC) Ca pital

Recovery (CRC) To ta l Indir ect

Annual Cost (TIAC) 296 $24, 987 $29, 485 $8,845 $8,256 $885 $47,470 $7,958 $875 $8,833 $225 $0 $6,759 $6,984 $15,817 Tec hni cal Report:RI CE NESHAP Control Cos ts Ba ckground for "Abovethe Fl oor A na ly sis" , Octobe r 2009, Atta chm en t N (EP A- HQ-OAR-2008-0708-0279) 192 $24, 987 $29, 485 $8,845 $8,256 $885 $47,470 $7,958 $875 $8,833 $225 $0 $6,759 $6,759 $15,592 Tec hni cal Report:RI CE NESHAP Control Cos ts Ba ckground for "Abovethe Fl oor A na ly sis" , Octobe r 2009, Atta chm en t N (EP A- HQ-OAR-2008-0708-0279) 384 $30, 409 $35, 883 $10, 765 $10,047 $1,076 $57,771 $7,958 $875 $8,833 $225 $0 $8,225 $8,225 $17,058 Tec hni cal Report:RI CE NESHAP Control Cos ts Ba ckground for "Abovethe Fl oor A na ly sis" , Octobe r 2009, Atta chm en t N (EP A- HQ-OAR-2008-0708-0279) 800 $50, 901 $60, 063 $18, 019 $16,818 $1,802 $96,702 $7,958 $875 $8,833 $225 $0 $13,768 $13,768 $22,601 Tec hni cal Report:RI CE NESHAP Control Cos ts Ba ckground for "Abovethe Fl oor A na ly sis" , Octobe r 2009, Atta chm en t N (EP A- HQ-OAR-2008-0708-0279) 58 $12, 191 $14, 385 $4,316 $4,028 $432 $23,160 $7,958 $875 $8,833 $225 $0 $3,298 $3,298 $12,131 Ema il fr om Br uce Chri sm an,Ca mer on's Compr es sio n Sys tems to Ta nya Parise, EC/R, Subj ec t: Ex ist in g RI CE NESHAP - I nform at io n for EPA for 2SLB En gi nes , O ct obe r 16, 2009 600 $51, 378 $60, 626 $18, 188 $16,975 $1,819 $97,608 $7,958 $875 $8,833 $225 $0 $13,897 $14,122 $22,955 Ema il fr om Br uce Chri sm an,Ca mer on's Compr es sio n Sys tems to Ta nya Parise, EC/R, Subj ec t: Ex ist in g RI CE NESHAP - I nform at io n for EPA for 2SLB En gi nes , O ct obe r 16, 2009 148 $14, 589 $17, 215 $5,165 $4,820 $516 $27,716 $7,958 $875 $8,833 $225 $0 $3,946 $4,171 $13,004 Ema il fr om Ja mes Ha rriso n,Exter ra n to Mel an ieKi ng, EPA , Subj ec t: 2SLB - Cam er on oxi da ti on cat aly stpri cin g, O ct obe r 20, 2009 296 $22, 123 $26, 105 $7,832 $7,309 $783 $42,029 $7,958 $875 $8,833 $225 $0 $5,984 $6,209 $15,042 Ema il fr om Ja mes Ha rriso n,Exter ra n to Mel an ieKi ng, EPA , Subj ec t: 2SLB - Cam er on oxi da ti on cat aly stpri cin g, O ct obe r 20, 2009 192 $14, 589 $17, 215 $5,165 $4,820 $516 $27,716 $7,958 $875 $8,833 $225 $0 $3,946 $4,171 $13,004 Ema il fr om Ja mes Ha rriso n,Exter ra n to Mel an ieKi ng, EPA , Subj ec t: 2SLB - Cam er on oxi da ti on cat aly stpri cin g, O ct obe r 20, 2009 384 $22, 123 $26, 105 $7,832 $7,309 $783 $42,029 $7,958 $875 $8,833 $225 $0 $5,984 $6,209 $15,042 Ema il fr om Ja mes Ha rriso n,Exter ra n to Mel an ieKi ng, EPA , Subj ec t: 2SLB - Cam er on oxi da ti on cat aly stpri cin g, O ct obe r 20, 2009 600 $30, 409 $35, 883 $10, 765 $10,047 $1,076 $57,771 $7,958 $875 $8,833 $225 $0 $8,225 $8,450 $17,283 Ema il fr om Ja mes Ha rriso n,Exter ra n to Mel an ieKi ng, EPA , Subj ec t: 2SLB - Cam er on oxi da ti on cat aly stpri cin g, O ct obe r 20, 2009 800 $37, 871 $44, 688 $13, 406 $12,513 $1,341 $71,947 $7,958 $875 $8,833 $225 $0 $10,244 $10,469 $19,302 Ema il fr om Ja mes Ha rriso n,Exter ra n to Mel an ieKi ng, EPA , Subj ec t: 2SLB - Cam er on oxi da ti on cat aly stpri cin g, O ct obe r 20, 2009

3850 $210,000 $25,000 $225 $0 $29,899 $30,124 $55,124 Ana da rko Petr ol eu m Cor pora ti on Comments on the Pr opos ed Revi sio ns to th e Na ti onal Emi ssio n Sta nda rd for Ha za rdous Air Pol lu ta nts for Rec ip ro cat in g I nt er nal C om bus ti on Engi ne s,June 2, 2009, Cas e Study (EPAHQ-OAR-2008-0708-0186).Cos t i s for i ns ta llat io n on a Cl ark TL AD-8 2SLB ga s com pr es so r e ngi ne .

4670 $210,000 $25,000 $225 $0 $29,899 $30,124 $55,124 Ana da rko Petr ol eu m Cor pora ti on Comments on the Pr opos ed Revi sio ns to th e Na ti onal Emi ssio n Sta nda rd for Ha za rdous Air Pol lu ta nts for Rec ip ro cat in g I nt er nal C om bus ti on Engi ne s,June 2, 2009, Cas e Study (EPAHQ-OAR-2008-0708-0186).Cos t i s for i ns ta llat io n on a Cooper Bes se mer 2SL B ga s com pr es so r e ngi ne .

2166 $210,000 $25,000 $225 $0 $29,899 $30,124 $55,124 Ana da rko Petr ol eu m Cor pora ti on Comments on the Pr opos ed Revi sio ns to th e Na ti onal Emi ssio n Sta nda rd for Ha za rdous Air Pol lu ta nts for Rec ip ro cat in g I nt er nal C om bus ti on Engi ne s,June 2, 2009, Cas e Study (EPAHQ-OAR-2008-0708-0186).Cos t i s for i ns ta llat io n on a MEP 2SL B ga s com pr es so r en gi ne .

1859 $210,000 $25,000 $225 $0 $29,899 $30,124 $55,124 Ana da rko Petr ol eu m Cor pora ti on Comments on the Pr opos ed Revi sio ns to th e Na ti onal Emi ssio n Sta nda rd for Ha za rdous Air Pol lu ta nts for Rec ip ro cat in g I nt er nal C om bus ti on Engi ne s,June 2, 2009, Cas e Study (EPAHQ-OAR-2008-0708-0186).Cos t i s for i ns ta llat io n on a MEP 2SL B ga s com pr es so r en gi ne . As su mpti ons : PEC = 118% of purchas ed eq ui pmen t c os t (PEC). DI C = 3 0% of purchas ed eq ui pm en t c os t (PEC). IIC=2 8% of purchas ed eq ui pm en t c os t (PEC). C = 3 % of purcha se d e qui pmen t c os t (PEC). Ca pi ta l Rec overy as su mes eq ui pmen t l ife of 10 ye ars an d 7% i nt er es t ra te. 0. 142377503 O&M Ma ter ials cos t c over s th e annual iz ed equi pm ent c os t to r epl acethe c at aly st(ever y 3 ye ars) , ther moc oupl es (eve ry 7.5 ye ar s) , c rankcasefi lt er s (3 months ), a nd a nnual cat aly str ota ti on for cl ea ni ng. [Sour ce : Tec hni cal Report: RI CE NESHAP Control Cos ts Ba ckground for "Abovethe Fl oor Ana ly sis" , O ct obe r 2009, Atta chm en t N (EP A- HQ-OAR-2008-0708-0279)] O&M Lab or cos t c ove rs the a nnua liz ed l ab or cos t to r epl aceand rot at e (for c le anin g) cat aly st, thermocoupl es , and cra nkc asefi lt er . [Sour ce : Tec hni cal Repor t: RI CE NESHAP Control Cos ts Ba ckground for "Abovethe Fl oor A na ly sis" , O ct obe r 2009, Atta chm en t N (EP A- HQ-OAR-2008-0708-0279)] Dire ct Annual Costs In dire ct Annual Costs Engine Size (HP) Equipme nt

Cost To ta l Annual Cost Dat a Source Tot al Ca pital Cost

# 12

2S LBO xidat io n Ca ta lyst Cost ($2009) SU MMARY O UTP UT - Ca pi ta l Cos t Regr essio n Stat

istics Mu lt ip leR 0. 887931512 R Squa re 0. 788422369 Ad ju st ed R Squa re 0. 773309682 Stan da rd Er ror 34869. 66159 Obs er va ti ons 16 ANO VA df SS MS F Significanc e F Regr es sio n 1 63432625775 63432625775 52. 16956604 4. 40556E -0 6 Resid ua l 14 17022506190 1215893299 Tota l 15 80455131965

Coefficients Sta ndar

d E rro r t Sta t P-value Lo wer 95% Up per 95% In ter ce pt 41602. 60574 11206. 04006 3. 712516244 0. 002319141 17568. 04028 65637. 1712 X Va ri ab le1 47. 0511302 6. 514205394 7. 222850271 4. 40556E -0 6 33. 07954923 61. 02271117

SU MMARY O UTP UT - Annua l Cos t Regr essio n Stat

istics Mu lt ip leR 0. 896978958 R Squa re 0. 804571251 Ad ju st ed R Squa re 0. 790612055 Stan da rd Er ror 8009. 912446 Obs er va ti ons 16 ANO VA df SS MS F Significanc e F Regr es sio n 1 3697938056 3697938056 57. 63736182 2. 5054E -0 6 Resid ua l 14 898221763. 5 64158697. 39 Tota l 15 4596159819

Coefficients Sta ndar

d E rro r t Sta t P-value Lo wer 95% Up per 95% In ter ce pt 13928. 11988 2574. 140259 5. 410785147 9. 1811E -0 5 8407. 138137 19449. 10162 X Va ri ab le1 11. 3603976 1. 496378585 7. 591927411 2. 5054E -0 6 8. 150984738 14. 56981046 y = 47. 051x + 41603 R2 = 0 .7 884 $0 $50, 000 $100, 000 $150, 000 $200, 000 $250, 000 $300, 000

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000



# To tal Capital Cost

Total Ca pi tal Cos t Linear (Total Cap ital Cos t)



## y = 11. 36x + 13928 R2 = 0 .8 046 $0 $10, 000 $20, 000 $30, 000 $40, 000 $50, 000 $60, 000 $70, 000 $80, 000

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000



# To tal Annual Cost

Total Annua l Cos t Li near (Total An nua l Cos t)

# 13

4SLB Oxidation Cat alyst Cost ($ 2009) Dir ec t Costs In dir ect Costs PEC DIC IIC C O&M Mate rials O&M Labor Tot al Dire ct Annual Cost (TDAC) Administrative

Char ges (ADMC) Fue l Penalt y

(FPC) Ca pital

Recovery (CRC) To ta l Indir ect

Annual Cost (TIAC) 500 $6, 361 $7,505 $2,252 $2,102 $225 $12,084 $1,891 $1,053 $2,944 $225 $0 $1,720 $1,945 $4,889 Ema il fr om Mi ke Leona rd , Mi ra tec h Corpora ti on to Br enda Ri ddl e, AGTI , RE: Cl arif icat io n of SCR Cos t I nform at io n for EPA, Jul y 20, 2005. (EPA-HQ-OA R2005-0030-0086).Cos ts conve rt ed from $2005 to $2009 us in g the Ma rs hall an d Swi ft Equi pm en t Cos t I ndex. 1000 $8, 178 $9,650 $2,895 $2,702 $289 $15,536 $1,891 $1,053 $2,944 $225 $0 $2,212 $2,212 $5,156 Ema il fr om Mi ke Leona rd , Mi ra tec h Corpora ti on to Br enda Ri ddl e, AGTI , RE: Cl arif icat io n of SCR Cos t I nform at io n for EPA, Jul y 20, 2005. (EPA-HQ-OA R2005-0030-0086).Cos ts conve rt ed from $2005 to $2009 us in g the Ma rs hall an d Swi ft Equi pm en t Cos t I ndex. 2000 $13, 193 $15, 568 $4,670 $4,359 $467 $25,064 $1,891 $1,053 $2,944 $225 $0 $3,569 $3,569 $6,513 Ema il fr om Mi ke Leona rd , Mi ra tec h Corpora ti on to Br enda Ri ddl e, AGTI , RE: Cl arif icat io n of SCR Cos t I nform at io n for EPA, Jul y 20, 2005. (EPA-HQ-OA R2005-0030-0086).Cos ts conve rt ed from $2005 to $2009 us in g the Ma rs hall an d Swi ft Equi pm en t Cos t I ndex. 3000 $16, 769 $19, 787 $5,936 $5,540 $594 $31,857 $1,891 $1,053 $2,944 $225 $0 $4,536 $4,536 $7,480 Ema il fr om Mi ke Leona rd , Mi ra tec h Corpora ti on to Br enda Ri ddl e, AGTI , RE: Cl arif icat io n of SCR Cos t I nform at io n for EPA, Jul y 20, 2005. (EPA-HQ-OA R2005-0030-0086).Cos ts conve rt ed from $2005 to $2009 us in g the Ma rs hall an d Swi ft Equi pm en t Cos t I ndex. 5000 $33, 608 $39, 658 $11, 897 $11,104 $1,190 $63,849 $1,891 $1,053 $2,944 $225 $0 $9,091 $9,091 $12,035 Ema il fr om Mi ke Leona rd , Mi ra tec h Corpora ti on to Br enda Ri ddl e, AGTI , RE: Cl arif icat io n of SCR Cos t I nform at io n for EPA, Jul y 20, 2005. (EPA-HQ-OA R2005-0030-0086).Cos ts conve rt ed from $2005 to $2009 us in g the Ma rs hall an d Swi ft Equi pm en t Cos t I ndex. 8000 $58, 697 $69, 262 $20, 779 $19,393 $2,078 $111,512 $1,891 $1,053 $2,944 $225 $0 $15,877 $15,877 $18,821 Ema il fr om Mi ke Leona rd , Mi ra tec h Corpora ti on to Br enda Ri ddl e, AGTI , RE: Cl arif icat io n of SCR Cos t I nform at io n for EPA, Jul y 20, 2005. (EPA-HQ-OA R2005-0030-0086).Cos ts conve rt ed from $2005 to $2009 us in g the Ma rs hall an d Swi ft Equi pm en t Cos t I ndex. 1000 $8, 500 $10, 030 $3,009 $2,808 $301 $16,148 $1,891 $1,053 $2,944 $225 $0 $2,299 $2,524 $5,468 Ema il fr om Ant oni o Sa ntos , MECA to Ta nya Pari se, EC/R, Subj ec t: EP A Propos ed Exi st in g RI CE NESHAP - Cos t of A fter tr ea tmen t, Oct ober 2, 2009. Res pons e #2 500 $3, 700 $4,366 $1,310 $1,222 $131 $7,029 $1,891 $1,053 $2,944 $225 $0 $1,001 $1,001 $3,945 Pri cequote from Cha rle s Bal l, Emi ssio ns & Si le nce r Tec hnol ogy for an oxi da ti on ca ta ly stfor a 500 HP 4SL B engi ne. 400 $6,575 $2,961 $2,005 $11,541 $1,958 $1,143 $3,101 $225 $0 $1,643 $1,643 $4,744 Memor andumfr omTom Mc Gra th , IE S to Bra d Nel so n, EC/R, Reques t for Addi ti onal Cos t Deta il for Ga s- Fi re d Engi ne s Emi ssio n Control s 400 $6,575 $2,961 $2,005 $11,541 $1,958 $1,143 $3,101 $225 $0 $1,643 $1,643 $4,744 Memor andumfr omTom Mc Gra th , IE S to Bra d Nel so n, EC/R, Reques t for Addi ti onal Cos t Deta il for Ga s- Fi re d Engi ne s Emi ssio n Control s 425 $7,149 $3,025 $2,005 $12,179 $1,756 $875 $2,631 $225 $0 $1,734 $1,734 $4,365 Memor andumfr omTom Mc Gra th , IE S to Bra d Nel so n, EC/R, Reques t for Addi ti onal Cos t Deta il for Ga s- Fi re d Engi ne s Emi ssio n Control s

As su mpti ons : PEC = 118% of purchas ed eq ui pmen t c os t (PEC). DI C = 3 0% of purchas ed eq ui pm en t c os t (PEC). IIC=2 8% of purchas ed eq ui pm en t c os t (PEC). C = 3 % of purcha se d e qui pmen t c os t (PEC). Ca pi ta l Rec overy as su mes eq ui pmen t l ife of 10 ye ars an d 7% i nt er es t ra te. 0. 142377503 O&M Ma ter ials cos t c over s th e annual iz ed equi pm ent c os t to r epl acethe c at aly st(ever y 3 ye ars) , ther moc oupl es (eve ry 7.5 ye ar s) , c rankcasefi lt er s (3 months ), a nd a nnual cat aly str ota ti on for cl ea ni ng. [Sour ce : Tec hni cal Report: RI CE NESHAP Control Cos ts Ba ckground for "Abovethe Fl oor Ana ly sis" , O ct obe r 2009, Atta chm en t L (EPA-HQ-O AR -2008-0708-0279)] O&M Lab or cos t c ove rs the a nnua liz ed l ab or cos t to r epl aceand rot at e (for c le anin g) cat aly st, thermocoupl es , and cra nkc asefi lt er . [Sour ce : Tec hni cal Repor t: RI CE NESHAP Control Cos ts Ba ckground for "Abovethe Fl oor A na ly sis" , O ct obe r 2009, Atta chm en t L (EP A-HQ-O AR -2008-0708-0279)] Dat a Source Dire ct Annual Costs In dire ct Annual Costs Engine Size (HP) Equipme nt

Cost To ta l Annual Cost Tot al Ca pital Cost

# 14 4S LBO xidat io n Ca ta lyst Cost ($2009) SU MMARY O UTP UT - Total Ca pi ta l Cos t Regr essio n Stat

istics Mu lt ip leR 0. 989944875 R Squa re 0. 979990856 Ad ju st ed R Squa re 0. 977767618 Stan da rd Er ror 4727. 892942 Obs er va ti ons 11 ANO VA df SS MS F Significanc e F Regr es sio n 1 9853063606 9853063606 440. 7943494 5. 91417E -0 9 Resid ua l 9 201176745. 1 22352971. 68 Tota l 10 10054240351

Coefficients Sta ndar

d E rro r t Sta t P-value Lo wer 95% Up per 95% In ter ce pt 3069. 26319 1884. 275356 1. 62888252 0. 137778178 -1 193. 263795 7331. 790175 Engi neSi ze (HP ) 12. 80450452 0. 609880529 20. 99510299 5. 91417E -0 9 11. 42485892 14. 18415013

SU MMARY O UTP UT - Total An nua l Cos t Regr essio n Stat

istics Mu lt ip leR 0. 988903698 R Squa re 0. 977930524 Ad ju st ed R Squa re 0. 97547836 Stan da rd Er ror 703. 9457563 Obs er va ti ons 11 ANO VA df SS MS F Significanc e F Regr es sio n 1 197622721. 6 197622721. 6 398. 8030634 9. 20031E -0 9 Resid ua l 9 4459856. 651 495539. 6279 Tota l 10 202082578. 3

Coefficients Sta ndar

d E rro r t Sta t P-value Lo wer 95% Up per 95% In ter ce pt 3441. 504829 280. 553654 12. 26683303 6. 38308E -0 7 2806. 848372 4076. 161285 X Va ri ab le1 1. 81340819 0. 090806373 19. 97005417 9. 20031E -0 9 1. 607989903 2. 018826477 y = 12. 80x + 3069 R2 = 0 .9 800 $0 $20, 000 $40, 000 $60, 000 $80, 000 $100, 000 $120, 000

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000



# To tal Capital Cost

Total Ca pi tal Cos t Linear (Total Cap ital Cos t)



## y = 1. 8134x + 3441. 5 R2 = 0 .9 779 $0 $2, 000 $4, 000 $6, 000 $8, 000 $10, 000 $12, 000 $14, 000 $16, 000 $18, 000 $20, 000

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000



# To tal Annual Cost

Total Annua l Cos t Li near (Total An nua l Cos t)

# 15

4SRB NSCR Costs ($2009) Direct Costs In direct Costs PEC DIC IIC C O&M Mat eria ls O& M L abor To ta l Direct Annual Cost (TDAC) Adm inist rat ive

Cha rges (ADMC) Fuel Penalty

(FPC) Capit al

Recovery (CRC) Tot al Indirect

Annua l Cost (TIAC) 50 $8,935 $11, 945 $664 $1, 275 $1, 939 $225 $379 $1, 701 $2,305 $4,244 Tec hni cal R ep ort : RI CE NESHAP Contr ol Cos ts Ba ckground for "Above the Fl oor Analysis" , October 2009, A tta ch ment D (EPA-HQ-OAR-2008-0708-0279) 100 $10,099 $13, 363 $664 $1, 275 $1, 939 $225 $379 $1, 903 $2,507 $4,446 Tec hni cal R ep ort : RI CE NESHAP Contr ol Cos ts Ba ckground for "Above the Fl oor Analysis" , October 2009, A tta ch ment D (EPA-HQ-OAR-2008-0708-0279) 100 $10,827 $15, 139 $1, 071 $1, 320 $2, 391 $225 $695 $2, 155 $3,075 $5,466 Tec hni cal R ep ort : RI CE NESHAP Contr ol Cos ts Ba ckground for "Above the Fl oor Analysis" , October 2009, A tta ch ment D (EPA-HQ-OAR-2008-0708-0279) 175 $12,284 $17, 132 $1, 071 $1, 320 $2, 391 $225 $695 $2, 439 $3,359 $5,750 Tec hni cal R ep ort : RI CE NESHAP Contr ol Cos ts Ba ckground for "Above the Fl oor Analysis" , October 2009, A tta ch ment D (EPA-HQ-OAR-2008-0708-0279) 175 $10,667 $16, 165 $1, 706 $1, 360 $3, 066 $225 $1, 200 $2, 302 $3,727 $6,793 Tec hni cal R ep ort : RI CE NESHAP Contr ol Cos ts Ba ckground for "Above the Fl oor Analysis" , October 2009, A tta ch ment D (EPA-HQ-OAR-2008-0708-0279) 300 $16,119 $22, 117 $1, 706 $1, 360 $3, 066 $225 $1, 200 $3, 149 $4,574 $7,640 Tec hni cal R ep ort : RI CE NESHAP Contr ol Cos ts Ba ckground for "Above the Fl oor Analysis" , October 2009, A tta ch ment D (EPA-HQ-OAR-2008-0708-0279) 300 $11,777 $17, 240 $2, 384 $1, 380 $3, 764 $225 $2, 021 $2, 455 $4,701 $8,465 Tec hni cal R ep ort : RI CE NESHAP Contr ol Cos ts Ba ckground for "Above the Fl oor Analysis" , October 2009, A tta ch ment D (EPA-HQ-OAR-2008-0708-0279) 500 $16,689 $24, 502 $2, 384 $1, 380 $3, 764 $225 $2, 021 $3, 489 $5,735 $9,499 Tec hni cal R ep ort : RI CE NESHAP Contr ol Cos ts Ba ckground for "Above the Fl oor Analysis" , October 2009, A tta ch ment D (EPA-HQ-OAR-2008-0708-0279) 167 $2,588 $7, 017 $11,334 $3,400 $3,173 $340 $18, 247 $1, 071 $1, 320 $2, 391 $225 $695 $2, 598 $3,518 $5,909 Ema il fromN ick Huff, Mi rat ec h to Jenni fer Synder, AGTI, SCR Questi ons for RI CE MACT, October 23, 2003 (EPA

-HQ-OAR-2005-0029-0038). Cost for NSCR/AFRC on a Ca ter pi llar G3 306 adjusted from $2003 to $2009. 255 $6,091 $7, 017 $15,467 $4,640 $4,331 $464 $24, 902 $1, 706 $1, 360 $3, 066 $225 $1, 200 $3, 545 $4,970 $8,036 Ema il fromN ick Huff, Mi rat ec h to Jenni fer Synder, AGTI, SCR Questi ons for RI CE MACT, October 23, 2003 (EPA

-HQ-OAR-2005-0029-0038). Cost for NSCR/AFRC on a Ca ter pi llar G3 408 adjusted from $2003 to $2009. 300 $6,039 $7, 017 $15,405 $4,622 $4,314 $462 $24, 803 $2, 384 $1, 380 $3, 764 $225 $2, 021 $3, 531 $5,777 $9,541 Ema il fromN ick Huff, Mi rat ec h to Jenni fer Synder, AGTI, SCR Questi ons for RI CE MACT, October 23, 2003 (EPA

-HQ-OAR-2005-0029-0038). Cost for NSCR/AFRC on a Ca ter pi llar G3 408 adjusted from $2003 to $2009. 300 $6, 113 $7, 500 $16,063 $4,819 $4,498 $482 $25, 862 $2, 384 $1, 380 $3, 764 $225 $2, 021 $3, 682 $5,928 $9,692 Ema il fromMi ke Leonard, Mi rat ec h to Brad Nelso n, AGTI , Informati on Reques t, Jul y 21, 2005 (EPA-HQOA R-2005-0030-0087). Cos t for NSCR/AFRC on a gener ic 300 HP ri ch-burn e ngi ne adj usted from $2005 to $2009. 500 $7, 800 $7, 500 $18,054 $5,416 $5,055 $542 $29, 067 $2, 384 $1, 380 $3, 764 $225 $2, 021 $4, 139 $6,385 $10,149 Ema il fromMi ke Leonard, Mi rat ec h to Brad Nelso n, AGTI , Informati on Reques t, Jul y 21, 2005 (EPA-HQOA R-2005-0030-0087). Cos t for NSCR/AFRC on a gener ic 500 HP ri ch-burn e ngi ne adj usted from $2005 to $2009. 800 $9, 924 $7, 500 $20,561 $6,168 $5,757 $617 $33, 103 $2, 384 $1, 380 $3, 764 $225 $2, 021 $4, 713 $6,959 $10,723 Ema il fromMi ke Leonard, Mi rat ec h to Brad Nelso n, AGTI , Informati on Reques t, Jul y 21, 2005 (EPA-HQOA R-2005-0030-0087). Cos t for NSCR/AFRC on a gener ic 500 HP ri ch-burn e ngi ne adj usted from $2005 to $2009. 1500 $15, 778 $7, 500 $27,468 $8,240 $7,691 $824 $44, 223 $2, 384 $1, 380 $3, 764 $225 $2, 021 $6, 296 $8,542 $12,306 Ema il fromMi ke Leonard, Mi rat ec h to Brad Nelso n, AGTI , Informati on Reques t, Jul y 21, 2005 (EPA-HQOA R-2005-0030-0087). Cos t for NSCR/AFRC on a gener ic 500 HP ri ch-burn e ngi ne adj usted from $2005 to $2009. 3000 $39, 686 $7, 500 $55,679 $16,704 $15,590 $1,670 $89, 644 $2, 384 $1, 380 $3, 764 $225 $2, 021 $12, 763 $15,009 $18,773 Ema il fromMi ke Leonard, Mi rat ec h to Brad Nelso n, AGTI , Informati on Reques t, Jul y 21, 2005 (EPA-HQOA R-2005-0030-0087). Cos t for NSCR/AFRC on a gener ic 500 HP ri ch-burn e ngi ne adj usted from $2005 to $2008.

48 $3, 735 $2, 950 $7,762 $4,080 $11, 842 $480 $540 $1, 020 $225 $0 $1, 686 $1,911 $2,931 Four Corne rs Ai r Qual ity Ta sk Force Report of Mi ti ga ti on Optio ns , November1, 2007. Mi ti ga ti on Opt io n:Us e of NSCR/3-Wa y Ca ta ly st s an d Air/ Fuel Ra ti o Control le rs on Ri ch Burn Stoi chiome tri c Engi nes (EPA

-HQ-OAR-2008-0708-0009). TCC i ncludes cos t of ca ta ly st hous in g ($2,385), cat

alyst el ement ($ 1, 000), AFRC ($2,950), i nstall at io n of catal yst hous in g a nd s upport ($1,380), i ns ta llat io n and s etu p of AFRC ($2,160), s ol ar panel el ec tr icity for AFRC control ($350), i ns ta llat io n of s ol ar pane l el ec tr icity to AFRC ($540), a nd ta xe s/fre ig ht ($1,077).TDAC i ncl udes annual cost for qua rter lychange of O2 s en so r and e mi ssio ns moni to ring ($320), l abor and t rav el to s ite ($540), and annual iz ed c os t of cat alyst re pl ace ment 5 year lif e ($160). Cost quot ed for a CompresscoFord 460.

23 $2, 925 $2, 950 $6,952 $4,080 $11, 032 $480 $540 $1, 020 $225 $0 $1, 571 $1,796 $2,816 Four Corne rs Ai r Qual ity Ta sk Force Report of Mi ti ga ti on Optio ns , November1, 2007. Mi ti ga ti on Opt io n:Us e of NSCR/3-Wa y Ca ta ly st s an d Air/ Fuel Ra ti o Control le rs on Ri ch Burn Stoi chiome tri c Engi nes (EPA

-HQ-OAR-2008-0708-0009). TCC i ncludes cos t of ca ta ly st hous in g ($1,775), cat

alyst el ement ($ 800),A FRC ($2,950), i ns ta llat io n of cataly sthousi ng a nd s upport ($1,380), i nstall at io n and setup of AFRC ($2,160), s ol ar panel el ec tr ic ity for AFRC control ($350), i ns ta llat io n of s ol ar pane l el ec tr icity to AFRC ($540), a nd ta xe s/fre ig ht ($1,077).TDAC i ncl udes annual cost for qua rter lychange of O2 s en so r and e mi ssio ns moni to ring ($320), l abor and t rav el to s ite ($540), and annual iz ed c os t of cat alyst re pl ace ment 5 year lif e ($160). Cost quot ed for a W aukesh a 220/330. As su mp ti ons: PEC = 118% of purcha se d equi pm ent c os t (PEC). DI C = 30% of purcha se d equi pm ent c os t (PEC). IIC = 28% of purchased equi pm ent c ost (PEC). C = 3%of purchased equi pment cost (PEC). Di rectAnnua l Cos t = ($5 x Hp) + (14.26 x 5). In di re ct Annual Cos t = 60% of di re ct a nnual cost

+ 4%of tota l capi ta l co st+ c apital r ec overy. Ca pi ta l Recovery assu mes equi pment l if e of 10 yea rs and 7% i nter es t rat e. 0. 14237503 O&M Ma ter ials cost

covers t he a nnual iz ed equi pm ent cos t to repl acethe ca ta ly st (ever y 3 yea rs ), therm ocoupl es (every 7.5 ye ars) , crankcas e fi lter s (3 months ), a nd a nnua l catalyst rota ti on for cl ea ni ng. [Source: Tec hni cal Report : RICE NESHAP Control Cos ts Ba ckg round for "Above the Fl oor Anal ysi s" , October 2009, Atta chm ent D (EPA-HQ-OAR-2008-0708-0279)] O&M La bor cos t co ver s t he a nnuali zed l ab or cos t to r epl ace and rotate (for cl ea ni ng) catalys t, ther mo coupl es , a nd crankcase fi lter . [Source:Tec hni cal Report: RI CE NESHAP Control Cos ts Ba ckground for "A bove the Fl oor Anal ys is" , October 2009, A tta chm ent D (EPA-HQ-O AR -2008-0708-0279)] To ta l Annual Cost Dat a Source Dir ec t Annual Costs In direct Annual Costs Engine Size (HP) Equipment

Cost AFRC Cost Total Capital Cost

# 16 4S RB N SCR Cost s ($ 2009) SU MMARY O UTP UT - Total Ca pi ta l Cos t Regr essio n Stat

istics Mu lt ip leR 0. 984731321 R Squa re 0. 969695774 Ad ju st ed R Squa re 0. 96780176 Stan da rd Er ror 3273. 282484 Obs er va ti ons 18 ANO VA df SS MS F Significanc e F Regr es sio n 1 5485538418 5485538418 511. 9791654 1. 41597E -1 3 Resid ua l 16 171430051. 5 10714378. 22 Tota l 17 5656968469

Coefficients Sta ndar

d E rro r t Sta t P-value Lo wer 95% Up per 95% In ter ce pt 13117. 61245 933. 7363075 14. 0485192 2. 03296E -1 0 11138. 17991 15097. 04498 Engi neSi ze (HP ) 24. 92848169 1. 101716069 22. 62695661 1. 41597E -1 3 22. 59294798 27. 26401541

SU MMARY O UTP UT - Total An nua l Cos t Regr essio n Stat

istics Mu lt ip leR 0. 893674092 R Squa re 0. 798653382 Ad ju st ed R Squa re 0. 786069219 Stan da rd Er ror 1777. 457825 Obs er va ti ons 18 ANO VA df SS MS F Significanc e F Regr es sio n 1 200508408. 1 200508408. 1 63. 46495544 5. 85557E -0 7 Resid ua l 16 50549701. 12 3159356. 32 Tota l 17 251058109. 2

Coefficients Sta ndar

d E rro r t Sta t P-value Lo wer 95% Up per 95% In ter ce pt 5679. 133777 507. 0374813 11. 20061926 5. 54849E -0 9 4604. 262341 6754. 005214 X Va ri ab le1 4. 765983033 0. 59825385 7. 96648953 5. 85557E -0 7 3. 497741535 6. 034224532 y = 24. 928x + 13118 R2 = 0 .9 697 $0 $10, 000 $20, 000 $30, 000 $40, 000 $50, 000 $60, 000 $70, 000 $80, 000 $90, 000 $100, 000

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500



# To tal Capital Cost

Total Ca pi tal Cos t Linear (Total Cap ital Cos t)



## y = 4. 766x + 5679. 1 R2 = 0 .7 987 $0 $5, 000 $10, 000 $15, 000 $20, 000 $25, 000

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500



# To tal Annual Cost

Total Annua l Cos t Li near (Total An nua l Cos t)