A Biofacies of Woodbine 

Age in Southeastern 

Gulf Coast Region

By ESTHER R. APPLIN

A SHORTER CONTRIBUTION TO GENERAL GEOLOGY

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 264-1

Description and illustrations of a unique 

microfauna (including 23 species of 

Foraminifera, of which 4. are new) and 

stratigraphic and areal distribution 

of the microfauna

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1955
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

Douglas McKay, Secretary

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

W. E. Wrather, Director

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office 

Washington 25, D. C. - Price 45 cents (paper cover)"
CONTENTS

Page 

Abstract. _ ________________________________________ 187

Introduction ______________________________________ 187

Woodbine microfauna______________________________ 188

Depositional environment of the Woodbine.__________ 188

New biofacies of the lower member of the Atkinson 

formation _______________________________________ 188

Systematic descriptions____-___-_----_-_____________ 190

Reophacidae __________________________________ 190

Lituolidae ____________________________________ 191

Textulariidae_ _ _ _-_-_---_-_-_-_______________ 191

Verneu ilinidae_ _ ________________________________ 192

Page 

Systematic descriptions—Continued

Miliolidae________________________________ 192

Trochamminidae__ _ ________________-_-_-----_ 192

Placopsilinidae. _______-____-_______-_-------__ 193

Lagenidae_ _________________-_____-----------_ 193

Spirillinidae__ ______________________----------_ 195

Rotaliidae--_-_------------------_------------ 195

Globorotaliidae- _______-_-_-___---_---------_-- 196

Anomalinidae_ _________-_-________----_------- 197

Literature Cited____-__-_-------------------------- 197

ILLUSTRATIONS

Page 

PLATE 48. Reophacidae, Lituolidae, Verneuilinidae, Placopsilinidae, Miliolidae, Lagenidae, Rotaliidae, Globorotaliidae, and

Anomalinidae____________________________________________________________________________ Following 197

49. Lituolidae, Trochamminidae, Textulariidae, Anomalinidae_______________________________________ Following 197

E 41. Map of Florida and parts of Alabama and Georgia showing location of wells____________________--------__ 189

TABLE 1. Names and locations of wells, and depth of samples yielding the new fauna. _________________________________ 190

m

A SHORTER CONTRIBUTION TO GENERAL GEOLOGY

A BIOFACIES OF WOODBINE AGE IN THE SOUTHEASTERN GULF COAST REGION

By ESTHER R. APPLIN

ABSTRACT

A unique microfauna occurs in subsurface Cretaceous rocks of 

Woodbine age in the southeastern Gulf Coast region. The 

fauna of Foraminifera and Ostracoda is a mixture of forms of 

Comanche age, long ranging forms of Gulf age and species 

restricted to the Woodbine and its subsurface equivalents. 

Twenty-three species of Foraminifera, four of which are new, 

are described and twenty species are figured. The common 

lithofacies and the microfaunal biofacies of the Woodbine 

formation of Texas and its subsurface correlatives in other parts 

of the Gulf Coast are discussed and the known areal distribution 

of the fauna is given.

INTRODUCTION

Many writers have discussed the stratigraphy, 

lithology and, to a lesser degree, the paleontology of 

the outcropping Woodbine formation in the Gulf 

Coastal Plain. A few recent publications (Loeblich, 

1946, p. 132-133; Bergquist, 1949; Stephenson, 1953, 

p. 57-58) have demonstrated the value of microfaunal 

studies in the regional mapping of this formation on 

the outcrop in Texas; and a few other publications 

(Conant, 1946, p. 713; Cushman and Applin, 1946; 

1947; Applin and Applin, 1947) have shown the similarity between the microfaunas of the Woodbine and 

of approximately contemporaneous subsurface formations in ^he southeastern states. In current subsurface investigations by geologists of the U. S. Geological 

Survey over an area extending from Texas into Florida 

microfaunal studies suggest the correlation of rocks in 

the lower part of the Gulf series across the Gulf Coast. 

The Woodbine formation on the outcrops in Texas, 

and beds of Woodbine age in the subsurface contain 

microfaunal assemblages of wide geographic distribution and narrow stratigraphic range. These are 

helpful in correlating the different intraformational 

facies. The present report describes the faunal aspects and stratigraphic and areal distribution of a 

unique microfauna that occurs in subsurface beds of 

Woodbine age in the southeastern Gulf Coast.

The name Atkinson formation (Applin and Applin, 

1947) was introduced with three unnamed members 

(upper, middle, and lower) for the subsurface rocks of 

pre-Austin age in southern Alabama and Georgia, and

325320—65

northern Florida. Subsequently, the stratigraphic 

equivalent of the Atkinson formation has been traced 

through series of wells as far south as the Florida Keys. 

In general, the upper member of the Atkinson formation contains a microfauna of Eagle Ford age; the middle 

and lower members contain a microfauna of Woodbine 

age. The middle and lower members of the Atkinson 

formation in Alabama and Georgia were differentiated 

on a lithologic basis. In that area, the middle member 

of the Atkinson is predominantly a shale of marine 

origin, correlated with the so-called "marine shale 

zone" of the Tuscaloosa. The unfossiliferous littoral 

or nonmarine sandstone and red shale, which comprise 

the lower member of the Atkinson in the northern part 

of the Alabama and Georgia Coastal Plain, merge 

laterally southward into a fossiliferous marine facies. 

In the Florida peninsula, the distinguishing lithologic 

characteristics of the middle and lower members of the 

Atkinson formation are indistinct. To clarify the 

correlation of the Atkinson formation of the subsurface 

in the southeastern Gulf region with the Eagle Ford 

and Woodbine formations of Texas, the Atkinson 

formation is here redefined to consist of two members, 

an upper member of Eagle Ford age as formerly used, 

and a lower member of Woodbine age consisting of 

the former lower and middle members. The new 

biofacies described in the present report occurs in 

the lower member of the Atkinson formation as here 

defined.

Acknowledgments—The writer is indebted to Donald 

J. Munroe, Sun Oil Co., Tallahassee, Fla., for the 

privilege of selecting and cutting core samples from the 

Barlow well, Clinch County, Ga., at the time it was 

drilled. Mr. Munroe and E. A. Murchison and Albert 

C. Raasch, Humble Oil & Refining Co., Tallahassee, 

kindly furnished sets of cores and washed concentrates 

of cores and cutting samples from the other wells in 

Table 1. Mrs. A. R. Loeblich, Jr. critically compared 

specimens from the new biofacies with types and paratypes of species she had earlier described. Miss Ruth 

Todd selected sets of type and paratype specimens for 

comparison and gave constructive criticism on deter187
188 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY

minations during the progress of the faunal studies. 

Frederick M. Swain's careful study and report on the 

ostracodes was very helpful.

WOODBINE MICROFAUNA

The paucity of published data on the microfauna of 

the outcropping Woodbine formation of Texas and its 

subsurface correlatives in other parts of the Gulf Coast 

emphasizes the need for a brief discussion of the typical 

widely distributed Woodbine fauna before describing a 

relatively restricted biofacies.

The microfauna of the outcropping Woodbine formation generally occurs in shales of the Lewisville (Hill, 

1901, p. 114-115, 297), Templeton (Bergquist, 1949), 

and Pepper shale members (Adkins, 1932, p. 417-420; 

Stephenson, 1953, p. 58-59). The shales are mostly 

dark gray to brownish gray, and characteristically contain fine shreds of carbonaceous plant remains, pyrite, 

and various amounts of comminuted mica. The fauna 

is composed almost entirely of arenaceous Foraminifera, 

among which the genus Ammobaculites strongly predominates. Most of the species have been described 

(Cushman and Applin, 1946; 1947; Loeblich, 1946). 

Ostracodes are rare in outcrop samples and the species 

are undescribed. The species of ostracodes recorded 

from the Woodbine by C. I. Alexander (1929, p. 36) are 

now known to have been collected from Comanche deposits (personal communication from C. I. Alexander). 

Algal fragments are found in some outcrop samples and 

in some cuttings and cores from oil-test wells.

In the subsurface, the typical Woodbine fauna was 

found by the writer in east Texas; the "marine shale" 

zone of the Tuscaloosa in Mississippi; in the lower 

member of the Atkinson formation in southern Alabama 

and Georgia, and in Florida as far south as Hardee 

County. Subsurface beds of Woodbine age in the southeastern Gulf region, especially in the northern part of 

the Florida peninsula, contain lenses of the so-called 

"speckled" shales that are closely similar in character 

and faunal content to the "speckled" shales of the 

basal part of the Eagle Ford of Texas. The "speckled" 

shales of Woodbine age are waxy, thinly laminated, 

and dark gray to dark brownish gray, the "speckled" 

appearance being due largely to abundant specimens of 

Globigerina and Gumbelina. Generally, the fossils are 

crushed but sufficiently well preserved for generic 

identification. In addition, arenaceous species typical 

of the Woodbine occur frequently in the "speckled" 

shales. Some beds of black shale in the lower member 

of the Atkinson formation in Florida contain a dwarf 

foraminiferal fauna composed of numerous minute 

specimens of Globigerina, Gumbelina, Neobulimina, and 

Eponide&l sp. This dwarf fauna occurs, also, in an outcrop of the Woodbine formation in Denton County, 

Tex.

DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE WOODBINE

The predominating arenaceous microfauna of the 

Woodbine and the lithologic character of the containing 

sediments indicate conditions of deposition ranging from 

very shallow-water marine to estuarine and brackish 

to weakly saline and possibly poorly aerated waters. 

Investigations by Ladd (1936), Crickmay, Ladd, and 

Hoffmeister (1941), and others show that Globigerina 

deposits do not necessarily imply outer marine or 

bathyal depths. Accordingly, moderately shallowwater deposition is postulated for the "speckled" shale 

units, although currents and wave action probably 

contributed to the wide distribution and thick accumulation of the planktonic genera. A further indication 

of shallow water is the dwarf calcareous foraminiferal 

fauna herein recorded from some facies of the lower 

member of the Atkinson formation in Florida, and from 

an outcrop of the Woodbine formation in Texas. 

Dwarf faunas develop in environments unfavorable to 

the normal growth of the organisms; in Florida, adverse factors induced by shallow water apparently 

depauperized the fauna.

NEW BIOFACIES OF THE LOWER MEMBER OF THE 

ATKINSON FORMATION

The new biofacies of the lower member of the 

Atkinson formation is usually called the "Barlow 

fauna"' by geologists engaged in subsurface studies in 

the southeastern Gulf Coast. The fauna was discovered 

in the Sun Oil Company Barlow well 1, drilled in 1948 

in Clinch County, Georgia. Subsequently, it has been 

found in 12 additional scattered wells (fig. 41) situated 

in the area extending northward from Levy and Putnam Counties, Florida, to Clinch County in southern 

Georgia, and westward to Crenshaw County in southcentral Alabama.

Unlike the typical microfauna of the Woodbine .and 

the lower member of the Atkinson, about 50 percent of 

the species in the new biofacies are calcareous forms. 

The most striking feature of the fauna, however, is 

that about one-third of the species were previously 

known only from rocks in the Comanche series. Most of 

these species had been recorded as ranging throughout 

the Washita group of the Comanche series, and a few 

were considered key microfossils for the recognition of 

the top of the Washita group. Although in the typical 

Woodbine fauna specimens of Ostracoda are relatively 

rare; in the new biofacies they may constitute as much 

as a third to a half of the faunal bulk. F. M. Swain 

studied representative specimens of ostracodes from 

this biofacies and identified 9 species that occur in the
!•./-. !

! A I -R IT •—•-•!

i A ; M Ar

I-'-^T'tf-T^^Nr^f

L /--' !^^ Vl__ ! _J ! ^ f©v._ LJL -- r^v, ^TV/T^tr^H) /

V.. i-V \tjt—-P&W >V ! V <

1. TindelNo. 1

2. Cone No. 1

3. Bennett and Langsdale No. 1

4. Westbury No. 1

5. Johnson No. 1

6. Crapps "A" No. 1

1. Russell No. 1

8. Barlow No. 1

9. Kirkland No. 1

10. Smith Lumber Co. No. 1

11. Chandler No. 1

12. Cranberry No. 1

13. Larsh No. 1

FIGURE 41.—Map of Florida and Georgia showing location of wells. 189
190 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY

Washita group of the Comanche series; 3 that occur in 

the Taylor, Austin and Eagle Ford formations of the 

Gulf series; and 7, probably new species, that were only 

generically identified. Swain wrote (personal communication May 15, 1951).

The identifiable species of this fauna mostly suggest a preSenonian age, but it is too mixed to provide a definite comparison 

with any one of the American Cretaceous stratigraphic units. 

Relationships both to the Eagle Ford formation and to the 

Washita group of Texas are present. An assignment to a basal 

Upper Cretaceous age seems reasonable on the basis of the 

ostracodes.

Like the Ostracoda, the Foraminifera of the new 

biofacies of the Atkinson formation includes specimens 

of species characteristic of the Washita group in addition to a few species that range from the lower to the 

middle part of the Gulf series and some species that 

were described from and presumably restricted to beds 

of Woodbine age. The Foraminifera and Ostracoda 

that comprise the new microfaunal assemblage suggest 

a migration of the fauna from an area in which deposition was practically continuous from late Comanche 

into early Gulf time.

Mixed faunas such as this one suggest secondary 

deposition but in the new biofacies of the lower member 

of the Atkinson, three factors prohibit such an origin. 

First, in the area in which the fauna has been found, 

and for several hundred miles beyond its known depositional limits, Comanche age deposits consist of nonmarine red beds and sandstone. Second, the preservation of the three faunal constituents, the Comanche 

age forms, the long ranging Gulf age forms, and the 

restricted Woodbine age forms, is the same in character 

and quality. Third, except for minor variation in 

dominance, the fauna is unusually uniform throughout 

its known geographic range.

Table 1 shows the name and location of the wells 

(fig. 41) in which the new biofacies of the lower member 

of the Atkinson formation has been identified and the 

depths at which it occurs.

TABLE 1. Names and locations of wells, and depth of samples

yielding the new fauna 

No. figure 41 Name and location of well Depth (feet)

1. Humble Oil & Refining Co. Tindel well 1,.

Jackson County, Fla. Cuttings. ______ 3, 470-3, 530

2. Humble Oil & Refining Co. Cone well 1, Columbia County, Fla. Core____ _____ 3, 328-3, 331

3. Humble Oil & Refining Co. Bennett and 

Langsdale well 1, Echols County, Ga. 

Core______.______._________ 3, 690-3, 710

4. Sun Oil Co. Westbury well 1, Putman

County, Fla. Core.-..__________ 3,838-3,842

5. Sun Oil Co. Johnson well 1, Columbia

County, Fla. Core_______________ 2,955-2,973

6. Sun Oil Co. Crapps "A" well 1, Dixie County,

Fla. Core—_______.._._______ 3,548-3,556

TABLE 1. Names and locations of wells, and depth of samples 

yielding the new fauna—Continued

No. figure 41 Name and location of well Depth (feet)

7. Sun Oil Co. Russell well 1, Suwannee County,

Fla. Core.__________________ 3,070-3,080

8. Sun Oil Co. Barlow well 1, Clinch County,

Ga. Core__-_---_-___-_--_._.-_ — __. 3,709-3,719

9. Union Producing Co. Kirkland well 1, Houston County, Ala. Core___________ 3,280-3,290

10. Nelson Exploration Co. Smith Lumber Co.

well 1, Crenshaw County, Ala. Core___ 3, 021-3, 031

11. Mont Warren Chandler well 1, Early County,

Ga. Cuttings_________________ 3,007-3,075

12. Mrs. Mamie Hammonds Granberry well 1,

Jackson County, Fla. Cuttings______ 3, 295-3, 317

13. Coastal Petroleum Co. Larsh well 1, Jefferson

County, Fla. Cuttings ___________ 3, 740-3, 750

SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY

Family REOPHACIDAE

Subfamily REOPHACINAE

Genus REOPHAX Montfort, 1808

Reophax decker! Tappan

Plate 48, figures 1, 2

1940. Reophax deckeri Tappan, Jour. Paleontology, v. 14, p.94, 

pi. 14, figs. 3a-b.

1941. Reophax eckernex Vieaux, idem, v. 15, p. 625, pi. 85, fig. 1. 

1943. Reophax deckeri Tappan, idem, v. 17, no. 5, p. 479-80,

pi. 77, fig. 3. 

1954. Reophax deckeri Frizzell, Texas Bur. Econ. Geology.

Rept. Inv. 22, p. 57, pi. 1, figs. 7a-b.

Test free, compressed, tapering toward the initial 

end; an average of about four chambers on adult specimens, increasing rapidly in size as added, final chamber 

frequently much larger than those forming remainder 

of test; sutural areas distinct; periphery lobulate; walls 

arenaceous, rather coarsely finished, average size of 

sand grains in the tests varying to some degree in relation to containing sediments, that is, coarser in more 

coarsely sandy deposits, finer in more silty materials. 

Color of test also ranges from brown to light gray in 

relation to the ferruginous quality of the materials in 

which the specimens are embedded. Aperture a single 

rounded opening on the phialine terminus of the final 

chamber. Average length 1 mm., average width of 

final chamber 0.50 mm.

Types and occurrence.—Hypotype (USNM P2156), 

finely arenaceous specimens from Humble Oil & Refining Co. Cone well 1, Columbia County, Fla. (Table 1; 

fig. 41), core 3,328-3,331 ft.

Hypotype (USNM P2157), coarsely arenaceous specimen from another part of same core.

Remarks.—This species was originally described from 

the Grayson formation of the Washita group, and subsequently was found to range downward through the
A BIOFACIES OF WOODBINE AGE IN SOUTHEASTERN GULF COAST REGION 191

Washita group into the Duck Creek formation. It has 

also been found in a few surface and subsurface samples 

of Woodbine age, and is generally present but not 

abundant in the new biofacies of the lower member of 

the Atkinson.

Family LITUOLIDAE

Subfamily HAPLOPHRAGMOIDINAE 

Genus HAPLOPHRAGMOIDES Cushman, 1910 

Haplophragmoides langsdalensis n. sp. 

Plate 48, figure 3

Test free, large, somewhat compressed, planispirally 

coiled, partly involute, biumbilicate, depression shallow; 

walls thick, finely arenaceous, roughly finished; little 

cement, periphery broad, rounded, lobulate; sutures 

radiate, depressed, irregularly poorly defined; chambers 

averaging six to eight in number in final volution; 

interior simple or non-labyrinthic; aperture generally 

obscure, an irregular shaped opening at, or close to the 

base of the final chamber. Average diameter 1.20 mm., 

average thickness 0.48 mm.

Types and occurrence.—Holotype (USNM P2158), 

unfigured paratype (USNM P2159), specimens from 

Humble Oil & Refining Co. Bennett and Langsdale 

well 1, Echols County, Ga. (Table 1; fig. 41), core 

3,690-3,710 ft.

Remarks.—Specimens are similar to Ammobaculites 

goodlandensis Cushman and Alexander but there is no 

indication of the development of an evolute terminal 

sector, the umbilical depression is shallow, the periphery 

rounded and there are fewer chambers in the coil. 

This species has been found only in the new biofacies 

of the lower member of the Atkinson.

Haplophragmoides advenus (Cushman and Applin) 

Plate 49, figures 2a, b

1946. Ammobaculites stephensoni Cushman and Applin, (not 

Cushman) Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v. 

22, p. 72-73, pi. 13, fig. 1.

1947. Ammobaculites advenus Cushman and Applin, idem. Contr.,

v. 23, p. 53, pi. 13, figs. la-b. 

1954. Haplophragmoides advenus Frizzell, Texas Bur. Econ.

Geology, Kept. Inv. 22, p. 59, pi. 1, figs. 25a-b.

This species is common in some microfossiliferous 

lenses of the lower member of the Atkinson formation. 

It is generally abundant in the new biofacies and is 

present to common in many outcrop samples from the 

Woodbine formation in north-central Texas.

Subfamily LITUOLINAE senu strictu

Genus AMMOBACULITES Cushman, 1910

Ammobaculites agrestis Cushman and Applin

Plate 49, figures la, b

1947. Ammobaculites agrestis Cushman and Applin, Cushman 

Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v. 23, p. 53-54, pi. 13, 

figs. 2a-b, 3.

1954. Ammobaculites agrestis Frizzell, Texas Bur. Econ. Geology, 

Kept. Inv. 22, p. 61, pi. 2, figs. lOa-b.

This species occurs in many surface and subsurface 

samples of Woodbine age, and is also a common species 

in the new biofacies of the lower member of the 

Atkinson formation.

Ammobaculites junceus Cushman and Applin 

Plate 49, figures 6a, b

1946. Ammobaculoides junceus Cushman and Applin, Cushman

Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v. 22, p. 72, pi. 13, fig.

2a-b. 

1951. Ammobaculoides junceus Lozo, Fondren Science Series, no.

4, pi. 4, figs. la-b. 

1954. Ammobaculites junceus Frizzell, Texas Bur. Econ. Geology,

Kept. Inv. 22, p. 62, pi. 2, figs. 22a-b.

Specimens of this species of Ammobaculites occur 

sporadically in outcrop samples and in some subsurface 

samples of the Woodbine and its equivalent formations 

in the southeastern Gulf Coast. It is a fairly common 

species in the new biofacies of the lower member of the 

Atkinson.

Family TEXTULARIDAE

Subfamily SPIROPLECTAMMINAE

Genus AMMOBACULOIDES Plummer, 1932

Ammobaculoides plummerae loeblich

Plate 49, figures 4a, b

1946. Ammobaculoides plumm,erae Loeblich, Jour. Paleontology, 

v. 20, p. 137-138, pi. 22, figs. 10-12b, text figures 3a-g.

1946. Ammobaculoides plummerae Cushman and Applin, Cushman 

Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v. 22, p. 74-75, pi. 13, 

fig. 6a-b.

1950. Ammobaculoides plummerae Loeblich and Tappan, Univ. 

Kansas Paleont. Contr., art. 3, p. 9, pi. 1, figs. 24-27.

1951. Ammobaculoides plummerae Lozo, Fondren Science Series,

no. 4, pi. 4, figs. 7a-b, 19a-b, 20, 21.

1954. Ammobaculoides plummerae Frizzell, Texas Bur. Econ. 

Geology, Rept. Inv. 22, pi. 4, figs. 33, 34.

A. R. Loeblich, Jr. described this species from the 

Pepper shale member of the Woodbine formation of 

Texas. Loeblich (1946, p. 137) stated that it "is the 

most common form in the Pepper shale." L. W.

326320—55
192 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY

Stephenson (1952) definitely established the age of the 

Pepper shale member on a faunal basis. Concerning 

the fauna of Pelecypods, Gastropods, and Cephalopods 

collected at Haunted Hill, near Moody, McLennan 

County, Tex., Stephenson (1952, p. 59) stated "The 

molluscan fauna from the Pepper shale at the Haunted 

Hill locality seems to afford clear confirmatory evidence 

of the Woodbine age of the shale."

A. plummerae, one of the most characteristic species 

of the typical microfauna of the Woodbine and its 

eastern subsurface equivalents, occurs also in the new 

biofacies of the lower member of the Atkinson. Loeblich and Tappan (1950, p. 9) also reported this species 

"from the Kiowa shale, Fredericksburg group, Kiowa 

County, Kansas."

Family VERNEUILINIDAE

Genus GAUDRYINA d'Orbigny, 1839

Gaudryina barlowensis n. sp.

Plate 48, figure 4

1937. Gaudryina bentonensis (Carmen) Cushman, (in part) 

Cushman Lab. Foram. Research, Spec. Pub. no. 7, 

p. 42-43.

Test small, elongate, nearly cylindrical; early portion 

triserial, latter and major portion biserial; aperture 

rounded, with a distinct lip, on a slight necklike projection at terminal end of the final chamber; walls 

finely arenaceous with much cement, smoothly finished; 

chambers increasing very gradually in size, very slightly 

inflated, width usually somewhat greater than height; 

sutures straight, distinct; color generally gray. Length 

of type 0.80 mm, breadth of type 0.20 mm.

Types and occurrence.—Holotype (USNM P2160), 

specimen from Humble Oil & Refining Co. Bennett and 

Langsdale well 1, Echols County, Ga. (Table 1; fig. 

41), core 3,690-3,710 ft.

Remarks.—This species is closely similar to some 

specimens which have been referred to G. bentonensis. 

A critical study of the large group of specimens included in this species in the Cushman collections seems 

to indicate that at least some specimens collected from 

outcrops of the Eagle Ford and the lower part of the 

Austin formations show characteristics which, in the 

present report, are used to define the species G. barlowensis. G. barlowensis differs from type specimens of G. 

bentonensis in the character of the wall structure, 

which in G. barlowensis is very finely arenaceous and 

smoothly finished; in the clearly defined sutures; in 

noninflated to very slightly inflated chambers; and in

type of aperture, a circular opening on a slight neck 

located near the center of the distal end of the final 

chamber.

It is a characteristic species of the new biofacies of 

the lower member of the Atkinson.

Family MIIIOIIDAE 

Genus QUINQUEIOCULINA d'Orbigny, 1826

Quinqueloculina moremani Cushman, var. barlowensis 

n. var.

Plate 48, figures 10, 11

The variety is a consistently narrower form than the 

species and the neck is more strongly and clearly developed. Measurements of specimens of Q. moremani 

in the Cushman collection show an average length of 

0.53 mm and an average width of 0.28 to 0.30 mm. 

Measurements of many specimens of the variety average 0.53 mm in length and 0.25 mm in width. The 

relatively narrow test and the strong carinae of the 

chambers, which are especially well developed on the 

central chamber of the variety, suggest a similarity to 

Quinqueloculina lirellangula Loeblich and Tappan. 

The chambers on the Washita species, however, are 

narrower and more sharply keeled.

Types and occurrence.—Holotype (USNM P2161), 

figured paratype (USNM P2162), specimens from 

Humble Oil & Refining Co. Bennett and Langsdale 

well 1, Echols County, Ga. (Table 1; fig. 41), core 

3,690-3,700 ft.

Remarks.—Cushman (1946a, p. 48) reported the 

species from several outcrop localities of the Eagle 

Ford, but it has not been seen by the writer of the 

present report in subsurface samples of that-formation. 

The variety is a common and characteristic fossil in 

the new biofacies of the lower member of the Atkinson.

Family TROCHAMMINIDAE

Subfamily TROCHAMMININAE

Genus TROCHAMMINA Parker and Jones, 1859

Trochammina rainwater! Cushman and Applin

Plate 49, figures 3a-c

1946. Trochammina rainwateri Cushman and Applin. Cushman

Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v. 22, p. 75, pi. 13,

fig. 9a-c. 

1951. Trochammina rainwateri Lozo, Fondren Science Ser.

no. 4, pi. 4, figs. 9a-c. 

1954. Trochammina rainwateri Frizzell, Tex. Bur. Econ. Geology,

Eept. Inv. 22, p. 67, pi. 4, figs. 20, a-c.
A BIOFACIES OF WOODBINE AGE IN SOUTHEASTERN GULF COAST EEGION 193

This is a characteristic Woodbine species occurring 

commonly in both surface and subsurface materials of 

Woodbine age from Texas eastward into northern 

peninsular Florida. It is present in the new biofacies 

of the lower member of the Atkinson but is not considered diagnostic of the facies. It is distinguished 

from T. wickendeni Loeblich by its thicker test, the 

slightly larger number of chambers, and different 

angles of the sutures.

Family PLACOPSILINIDAE 

Subfamily PIACOPSILININAE

Genus ACRULIAMMINA Loeblich and Tappan, 1946

Acruliammina longa (Tappan)

Plate 48, figures 5, 6

1940. Plascopsilina longa Tappan, Jour. Palentology, v. 14,

p. 100, pi. 15, figs. 9a-10. 

1943. Haplostiche texana Tappan, (not Nodosaria texana Conrad

1857) Jour. Palenotology, v. 17, p. 480, pi. 77, fig. 5.

1943. Placopsilina longa Tappan, idem, v. 17, p. 493, pi. 79, 

figs. 8-9c.

1944. Placopsilina longa Lozo, Am. Midland Naturalist, v. 31, 

p. 552, pi. 3, fig. 3, text figure 20.

1946. Acruliammina longa Loeblich and Tappan, Jour. Paleontology, v. 20, p. 252, pi. 36, figs. 20a-c.

1954. Acruliammina longa Frizzell, Texas Bur. Econ. Geology, 

Rept. Inv. 22, p. 80, pi. 71, figs. 28a-b.

Mrs. Loeblich compared specimens from the new 

biofacies of the lower member of the Atkinson with the 

holotype and with paratypes of A. longa in Washita 

collections and concurred with the specific determination.

The species was described from the Grayson formation and has been found in all the formations of the 

Washita group. It is recorded, also, from the Kiamichi 

formation of the Fredericksburg group.

In the new biofacies of the lower member of the 

Atkinson, it is one of the most characteristic and common species.

Types and occurrence.—Figured hypotypes (USNM 

P2163, P2164), specimens from Sun Oil Co. Barlow 

well 1, Clinch County, Ga. (Table 1; fig. 41), core 

3,709-3,719 ft.

Genus Placopsilina d'Orbigny, 1850 

Placopsilina langsdalensis n. sp.

Plate 48, figures 7-9

Test, attached, in part; amount and position of 

attached area varying with the specimens; early portion 

planispirally coiled, latter portion evolute; uniserial; 

chambers in evolute sector often staggered, or narrowing rapidly toward the periphery on alternating sides of 

tests suggesting an incipient biserial arrangement.

About four chambers in initial coil, poorly defined. 

Chambers in linear series inflated, cyptic when not 

attached, breadth about equal to height. Chambers of 

evolute sector much larger than chambers in coil, 

increasing gradually in size; walls thick, of fine quartz 

grains well cemented; sutures depressed; aperture small, 

rounded, central, terminal. Specimens with final 

chamber attached have aperture a small curved slit, 

central and close to attached edge of chamber. Many 

specimens are broken, complete specimens indicating 

an average of four to six chambers in the linear series. 

Height of holotype 1.34 mm, breadth of coil 0.40 mm, 

breadth final chamber 0.45 mm. Color light gray to 

white.

Types and occurrence.—Holotype (USNM P2165), 

figured paratypes (USNM P2166, P2167), specimens 

from Humble Oil & Refining Co. Bennett and Langsdale well 1, Echols County, Ga. (Table 1; fig. 41), 

core 3,690-3,710 ft.

Remarks.—Specimens and fragments of this species 

are fairly common in the new biofacies, and specimens 

have been collected by the writer from outcrops of the 

Main Street limestone in Denton County, Tex.

Family LAGENIDAE

Subfamily NODOSARIINAE

Genus ROBULUS, Montfort, 1808

Robulus munsteri (Roemer) Cushman

Plate 48, figure 12

1839. Robulina munsteri Roemer, Verstein. norddeutschen

Oolithengebirges, Nachtrag., p. 48, pi. 22, fig. 29. 

1840-41. Robulina munsteri Roemer, Verstein. norddeutschen

Kreidegebirges, p. 98, pi. 15, fig. 30. 

1862. Cristellaria munsteri Reuss, Akad. Wiss. Wien, Mathnaturwiss. Kl., Sitzungsber., Band 46, pt. 1, p. 77, pi. 9,

figs. 3-4. 

1932. Robulus munsteri Cushman, Jour. Paleontology, v. 6,

p. 334, pi. 50, figs. 2a-b. 

1941. Robulus munsteri Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

v. 17, p. 58, pi. 15, fig. 6.

1941. Robulus munsteri Cushman and Hedberg, idem, v. 17, 

p. 86, pi. 21, figs. 14a-b.

1942. Robulus munsteri Cushman and Deaderick, idem, v. 18, 

p. 56, pi. 10, figs. 10-13.

1944. Robulus munsteri Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, v. 18, p. 331, pi. 50, fig. 28.

1944. Robulus munsteri Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v. 20, p. 85, pi. 13, fig. 7.

1946. Robulus munsteri Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. 

Paper 206, p. 53, pi. 17, figs. 3-9.

1954. Robulus munsteri Frizzell, Texas, Bur. Econ. Geology, 

Rept. Inv. 22, p. 81, pi. 8, figs, la-b, 2, 3, 4.

Specimens that can be referred to this long-ranging 

Cretaceous species in the Gulf series often occur, but 

are never abundant in the new biofacies of the lower 

member of the Atkinson formation.
194 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY

Types and occurrence.—Figured hypo type (USNM 

P2168), specimens from Sun Oil Co. Crapps "A" well 1, 

Dixie County, Fla. (Table 1; fig. 41), core 3,548-3,556 

ft.

Genus LENTTCULINA Lamarck, 1804

Lenticulina cyprina (Vieaux) Frizzell 

Plate 48, figures 13, 14

1941. Marginulina cyprina Vieaux, Jour. Paleontology, v. 15,

p. 625, pi. 85, figs. 3a-b. 

1944. Marginulina cyprina Lozo, Am. Midland Nat., v. 31, p.

556, pi. 2, fig. 9. 

1944. Astacolus comanchensis Lozo, idem, p. 555-556, pi. 2,

figs. la-b. 

1951. Marginulina cyprina Stead, Tex. Jour. Science, no. 4,

p. 595, pi. 3, fig. 5. 

1954. Lenticulina cyprina Frizzell, Texas Bur. Econ. Geology,

Rept. Inv. 22, p. 82, pi. 8, fig. 13.

This species was described from the Denton clay of 

north Texas and is common in all formations of the 

Washita group in that area. Stead (1951, p. 595) 

identified the species from outcrops of the Glen Rose 

limestone in Hays County, Texas. It occurs in the 

new biofacies of the lower member of the Atkinson, and 

occurs, sporadically, in association with typical arenaceous faunas of the lower member of the Atkinson 

formation in the Florida peninsula. A study of suites 

of specimens shows that Astocolus comanchensis Lozo 

is a variant of Lenticulina cypina (Vieaux.)

Types and occurrence.—Figured hypotypes (USNM 

P2169, P2170), specimens from Humble Oil & Refining 

Co. Keen well 1, Hardee County, Fla. (Table 1; 

fig. 41) Core 7,709-7,719 ft.

Genus NODOSARIA Lamarck, 1812

Nodosaria affinis Reuss, var.

Plate 48, figures 18-20

1845. Nodosaria affinis Reuss, Verstein. bohm. Kreideformation,

pt. 1, p. 26, pi. 13, fig. 16. 

1872-75. Nodosaria affinis Reuss, Palaeontographica, v. 20, pt.

2, p. 83, pi. 2 (20), fig. 12 (1874). 

1892. Nodosaria affinis Perner, Foram. Ceskeho Cenomanu, p.

57, pi. 6, figs. 10, 14a-b. 

1925. Nodosaria affinis Franke, Greifswald Univ., Geol.-palaeont.

Inst., Abb.., Band 6, p. 37, pi. 3, fig. 25. 

1929. Nodosaria affinis W. Berry and Kelley, U. S. Natl. Museum

Proc., v. 76, art. 19, p. 6, pi. 1, fig. 8. 

1929. Nodosaria proxima W. Berry and Kelley (not Silvestri),

idem, p. 7, pi. 1, fig. 13. 

1931. Nodosaria affinis Cushman, Tennessee Div. Geology Bull.

41, p. 30, pi. 3, figs. 16-20. 

1931. Nodosaria affinis Cushman, Jour. Paleontology, v. 5, p.

305, pi. 35, figs. 3-5 (not fig. 2).

1931. Nodosaria affinis Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v. 7, p. 38, pi. 5, fig. 4.

1932. Nodosaria affinis Cushman and Jarvis, U. S. Natl. Museum 

Proc., v. 80, art. 14, p. 34, pi. 10, fig. 13.

1936. Nodosaria affinis Cushman, Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 

47, p. 417.

1940. Nodosaria affinis Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v. 16, p. 86, pi. 15, figs. 8-23.

1943. Nodosaria affinis Cushman and Todd, idem, v. 19, p. 57, 

pi. 10, fig. 11.

1944. Nodosaria affinis Cushman, idem, v. 20, p. 7, pi. 2, fig. 1.

1944. Nodosaria affinis Cushman, idem, v. 20, p. 87, pi. 13, fig. 18.

1944. Nodosaria affinis Cushman and Deaderiek, Jour. Paleontology, v. 18, p. 333, pi. 51, figs. 19-21.

1946. Nodosaria affinis Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. 

Paper 206, p. 70-71, pi. 25, figs. 8-23.

1954. Nodosaria affinis, Frizzell Texas Bur. Econ. Geology, 

Rept. Inv. 22, p. 89, pi. 10, figs. 3-7.

The species has been recorded (Cushman, 1946a, p. 

71) as apparently ranging "throughout the Upper 

Cretaceous above the Eagle Ford shale." The stratigraphic range is here extended downward to include the 

basal portion of the Gulf series since a varietal form of 

the species occurs in the new biofacies of the lower 

member of the Atkinson formation. Specimens in this 

biofacies differ from the typical forms in having an 

average of eight longitudinal costae, rather than the 

thirteen or more common on typical specimens of the 

species. The tests are also much smaller, averaging 

0.30 mm in length and 0.05 mm in width whereas 

specimens in upper parts of the Gulf series are commonly 2 mm long and about 0.30 mm across.

Types and occurrence.—Figured hypotypes (USNM 

P2171, P2172, P2173), specimens from the Humble Oil 

& Refining Co. Bennett and Langsdale well 1, Echols 

County, Ga. (Table 1; fig. 41), core 3,690-3,710 ft.

Genus CITHARINA d'Orbigny, 1839

Citharina recta (Reuss) Frizzell

Plate 48, figure 15

1863. Vaginulina recta Reuss, Akad. Wiss. Wien., Sitz., Band

46, p. 48, pi. 3, figs. 14-15. 

1880. Vaginulina recta Berthelin, Soc. geol. France, Mem., Ser.

3, v. 1, mem. 5, p. 41, pi. 25, figs. 5a-b, 6a-b. 

1890. Vaginulina recta Burrows, Sherborn and Bailey, Roy.

Micros. Soc., Jour., pt. 5, p. 559, pi. 10, figs. 10-13. 

1894. Vaginulina recta Chapman, Roy. Micros. Soc., Jour., p.

422, pi. 8, fig. 1. 

1907. Vaginulina recta Egger, Nat. Verh. Nassau, Bericht., 20,

p. 32, pi. 3, figs. 21-22. 

1910. Vaginulina recta Egger, Verh. Regensburg., Bericht., p.

112-113, pi. 1, fig. 6.

1928. Vaginulina recta Franke, Preuss. geol. Landes., Abh., n. 

ser., v. 3, p. 82, pi. 7, figs. 27-28.

1929. Vaginulina recta Schmitt, Zeitsch. fur Geschiebef., Band 

5, Heft 3, pi. 5, fig. 21.

1930. Vaginulina recta Cushman and Alexander, Cushman Lab.

Foram. Research, Contr., v. 6, p. 4, pi. 1, figs. 17-22. 

1940. Vaginulina recta Tappan, Jour. Paleontology, v. 14, no. 2,

p. 110-111, pi. 17, figs. 7a-8. 

1943. Vaginulina recta Tappan, idem, v. 17, p. 501, pi. 80, figs.

22a-b. 

1954. Citharina recta Frizzell, Texas Bur. Econ. Geology. Rept.

Inv. 22, p. 95, pi. 11, figs. 19-21.
A BIOFACIES OF WOODBINE AGE IN SOUTHEASTERN GULF COAST REGION 195

According to Cushman and Alexander (1930, p. 4) 

this species is "widely recorded in the Cretaceous of 

Europe." Tappan (1943, p. 501) states that in formations in Texas "it ranges throughout the Washita 

group but is somewhat less common than V. kochii 

Roemer." Cushman and Alexander (1930, p. 4) call 

attention to the close similarity of Citharina kochii, 

(Roemer) and separate C, recta from C. kochii on the 

basis of its "narrower test with nearly parallel sides." 

Using these criteria, the species C. recta is the most 

common form in the new biofacies of the lower member 

of the Atkinson, although some specimens of C. kochii 

also appear in the fauna. C. kochii has been considered a key microfossil for the recognition of beds of 

Washita age.

Types and occurrence.—Figured hypotype (USNM 

P2174), specimen from Sun Oil Co. Barlow well 1, 

Clinch County, Ga. (Table 1; fig. 41), core 3,709- 

3,719 ft.

Genus FRONDICUIARIA Defrance, 1826

Frondicularia barlowensis n. sp.

Plate 48, figures 16, 17

Test lanceolate, strongly compressed, broad faces 

flattened, periphery truncate. Small narrow proloculum and first two or three chambers on a short, spikelike projection, several additional early chambers extended dorsally to terminate in a slightly outward and 

upward slanting line giving a wedge shaped appearance 

to this portion of the test. First two or three chambers, 

on some specimens added only on one side, as in Vaginulina, remaining chambers symmetrical, narrow, increasing very slowly in width as added. Sutures, distinct, raised, limbate; surface smooth; aperture on the 

narrowly pointed distal end of test.

Types and occurrence.—Holotype (USNM P2175), 

figured paratype (USNM P2176), specimens from the 

Sun Oil Co. Barlow well 1, Clinch County, Ga. (Table 

1; fig. 41), core 3,709-3,719 ft.

Remarks.—This species is most closely related to F. 

inversa Reuss, under which specific classification a large 

and highly variable group of forms is included. It is 

distinguished from F. inversa on the basis of the raised 

and limbate sutures, the truncate periphery, and the 

tendency of a few early chambers to show a Vaginulina 

stage. This species is characteristic of the new biofacies 

of the lower member of the Atkinson formation.

Family SPIRILLINIDAE

Subfamily PATELLINA Williams on, 1858

Patellina subcretacea Cushman and Alexander

1930. Patellina subcretacea Cushman and Alexander, Cushman 

Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v. 6, p. 10, pi. 3, figs, 

la-b.

1943. Patellina subcretacea Tappan, Jour. Paleontology, v. 17, 

p. 511, pi. 82, figs. 4a-b.

1944. Patellina subcretacea Lozo, Am. Midland Nat., v. 31, p. 

561, pi. 4, fig. 8.

1949. Patellina subcretacea Loeblich and Tappan, Jour. Paleontology, v. 23, p. 264, pi. 51, fig. 3.

1954. Patellina subcretacea Frizzell, Texas Bur. Econ. Geology, 

Kept. Inv. 22, p. 122 pi. 18, figs. 26a-b.

Specimens of this species have been found only in 

samples from the Humble Oil & Refining Co. Cone well 

1, Columbia County, Fla. (Table 1 ;fig.41), core 3,328- 

3,331 ft. Because of their small size and fragility, 

specimens may have been overlooked or destroyed in 

preparation of concentrates from other wells. Specimens from the new biofacies were compared with the 

holotype and paratypes in the Cushman collection and 

seem to be typical. The species was described from the 

Goodland limestone, and its range, as recorded by Lozo 

(1944, p. 561), is in the Fredericksburg group and the 

lower part of the Washita group. It has not previously 

been reported from formations younger than the Denton clay.

Family ROTALIIDAE

Subfamily DISCOEBINAE

Genus DISCORBIS Lamarck, 1804

Discorbis minima Vieaux

1941. Discorbis minima Vieaux, Jour. Paleontology, v. 15, p. 627,

pi. 85, figs. lOa-c. 

1943. Discorbis minima Tappan, idem, v. 17, p. 511, pi. 82, figs.

7a-8b. 

1949. Discorbis cf. minima Loeblich and Tappan, idem, v. 23,

p. 265, pi. 51, figs. 12a-13. 

1954. Discorbis minima Frizzell Texas Bur. Econ. Geology, Kept.

Inv. 22, p. 122, pi. 18, figs. 29a-b.

This little fossil has been found at only one locality, 

the Humble Oil & Refining Co. Cone well 1, Columbia 

County, Fla. (Table 1; fig. 41), core 3,328-3,331 ft. 

Like the specimens of Pattelina subcretacea, it may 

have been present but not noted in other wells in assemblages of the new biofacies of the lower member of 

the Atkinson formation. The specimens conform in all 

respects with specimens identified and figured by Tappan from the Duck Creek formation of Texas and 

Oklahoma.

The species has been reported from the Denton, Fort 

Worth, and Duck Creek formations of the Washita 

group in Texas and Oklahoma, and from the Walnut 

clay of the Fredericksburg group in Oklahoma.

Genus VALVULINERIA Cushman, 1926

Valvulineria infrequens Morrow var.

Plate 48, figures 21, 22

1934. Valvulineria infrequens Morrow, Jour. Paleontology, v. 8, 

p. 197, pi. 30, figs. 3a-c.
196 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY

1942. Valvulineria infrequens Cushman and Deaderick, Gushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v. 18, p. 64, pi. 15, 

figs. 17-19.

1944. Valvulineria infrequens Cushman, idem, v. 20, p. 95, pi. 

14, fig. 22.

1946. Valvulineria infrequens Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. 

Paper 206, p. 138, pi. 57, figs. 5a-c.

1954. Valvulineria infrequens Frizzell, Texas Bur. Econ. Geology, 

Rept. Inv. 22, p. 123, pi. 18, figs. 35a-c.

Typical specimens of this species occur in the basal 

portion of beds of Austin age in the subsurface of southern Georgia and Alabama. The species was described 

from the basal strata of the Niobrara chalk of Kansas, 

and Cushman (1946a, p. 138) records its occurrence in 

beds of Austin and Taylor age from Arkansas and Texas, 

and from the lower part of the Selma group in Mississippi.

A variant of the species is a common and characteristic feature of microfaunas of Eagle Ford age in the 

subsurface of the southeastern Gulf Coast, and in outcrops of the Eagle Ford at Chispa Summit in west 

Texas. Small specimens of the same form occur in 

some subsurface samples of beds of Woodbine age, including the new biofacies of the lower member of the 

Atkinson formation. The variant is generally more 

elliptical in outline than typical specimens that are 

characteristic of beds of Austin age. This difference 

in the shape of the test in the variant seems to be due 

to the presence of fewer chambers in the initial coil and 

a tendency of mature specimens, to consist of five rather 

than the six chambers, common to the typical species. 

A few specimens showing these variations may be found 

among suites of specimens of the typical species, and a 

few typical specimens of the species may occur in assemblages in which the variant is dominant.

Types and occurrence.—Figured hypotypes (USNM 

P2184, P2177), specimens from the Nelson Exploration Co. Smith Lumber Co. well 1, Crenshaw County, 

Ala. (Table 1; fig. 41), core 3,021-3,031 ft.

Family GLOBOROTALIIDAE

Genus GLOBOROTALIA Cushman, 1927

Globorotalia cushmani Morrow

Plate 48, figures 25, 26

1934. Globorotalia cushmani Morrow, Jour. Paleontology, v. 8,

p. 199, figs. 2a-b, 4a-b. 

1946. Globorotalia cushmani, Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof.

Paper 206, p. 152, pi. 62, figs. 9a-c. 

1954. Globorotalia cushmani, Frizzell, Texas Bur. Econ. Geology,

Rept. Inv. 22, p. 129, pi. 20, figs. 28a-c.

The species was described from the Greenhorn limestone of Kansas, and Cushman (1946a, p. 152) records 

its presence at several localities in Texas from beds of 

Austin age, and from one locality in the Eagle Ford.

It is a common and characteristic fossil in the new 

biofacies of the lower member of the Atkinson formation

Superficially, the species is similar to the Washita 

species Globorotalia marginaculeata Loeblich and Tappan 

but can easily be distinguished from the Comanche 

form on the basis of the very broad and strongly depressed sutural areas, the convexity of the ventral surface, the presence of 5 rather than 6 or more chambers 

in the final convolution, and the rounded and thickened 

periphery. G. marginaculeata develops a distinctly 

spinose Keel.

Type and occurrence.—Figured hypotypes (USNM 

P2178, P2179), specimens from Humble Oil & Refining 

Co. Tindel well 1, Jackson County, Fla. (Table 1; 

fig. 41), cuttings 3,470-3,500 ft.

Genus GLOBIGERINA d'Orbigny, 1826

Globigerina cf. cretacea d'Orbigny

Plate 48, figures 23, 24

1840. Globigerina cretacea d'Orbigny, Soc. geol. France Mem., 

ser. 1, v. 4, p. 34, pi. 3, figs. 12-14.

1917. Globigerina cretacea Champan, Geol. Survey Western Australia, Bull. 72, p. 37, pi. 9, fig. 102; pi. 12, fig. 124.

1940. Globigerina cretacea Tappan, Jour. Paleontology, v. 14, p. 

121, pi. 19, figs, lla-c.

1943. Globigerina cretacea Tappan, Jour. Paleontology, v. 17, p. 

512, pi. 82, figs. 16a-17.

1946. Globigerina cretacea Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research, v. 22, p. 17, pi. 3, fig. 5a-6, pi. 4, figs. 5-6.

1953. Globigerina cretacea Crespin, Cushman Foundation Foram. 

Research Contr., v. 4, p. 35, pi. 6, figs. 15a-c.

In a restudy of this species, Cushman (1946b, p. 17) 

commented:

This is a very common species in the Upper Cretaceous of 

Europe and America and probably elsewhere. There are a great 

many published records for this species ranging from Jurassic to 

Recent, mostly without figures. In those records accompanied 

by figures it is evident that several species have been included 

under this name.

In all major details, the specimens common in the lower 

member of the Atkinson conform with the description 

and figures of the type, and they agree, also, with the 

specimens assigned to the species in the synonomy 

given above. However, the original surface was not 

preserved on specimens from the new biofacies, and the 

form is, therefore, compared to the species.

Type and occurrence.—Figured hypotypes (USNM 

P2180, P2181), specimens from the Humble Oil & 

Refining Co. Bennett and Langsdale well 1, Echols 

County, Ga. (Table 1; fig. 41), core 3,690-3,710 ft.

Specimens common in the new biofacies of the lower 

member of the Atkinson are in all respects identical to 

those described by Tappan from the Washita group. 

Helen Tappan made the comparisons on which this 

statement is based. Frizzell (1954, p. 127) included
A BIOFACIES OF WOODBINE AGE IN SOUTHEASTERN GULF COAST REGION 197

G. cretacea d'Orbigny, Tappan in the synonomy of 

G. delrioensis Carsey. The present writer is not in 

complete accord with this assignment.

Family ANOMALINIDAE

Subfamily ANOMALININAE

Genus ANOMALINA d'Orbigny, 1826

Anomalina obesa Cushman and Applin

Plate 49, figures 5a, b

1947. Anomalina obesa Cushman and Applin, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., v. 23, p. 55, pi. 13, figs. 7a-b.

This species was described from a subsurface sample 

of the "marine shale" zone of the Tuscaloosa in Mississippi. It is rare to abundant in samples that contain 

the new biofacies of the lower member of the Atkinson 

formation, and it occurs in a few typical samples of the 

lower member of the Atkinson formation in the northern part of the Florida peninsula.

Anomalina petita Carsey 

Plate 48, figures 27, 28

1926. Anomalina petita Carsey [nomen nudum] Univ. Texas Bull.

2612, p. 48 [through error a cristellarian test represents

this species, pi. 7, fig. 31.] 

1931. Anomalina falcata (Reuss) Plummer, Univ. of Tex. Bull.

no. 3101, p. 202-203, pi. 14, fig. 7a-c, 8a-b. 

1940. Anomalina plummerae Tappan, Jour. Paleontology, v. 14,

p. 124, pi. 18, figs. 15a-16. 

1943. Anomalina plummerae Tappan, idem, v. 17, p. 514, pi. 83,

figs. 6-8c. 

1954. Anomalina petita Frizzell, Texas Bur. Econ. Geology,

Rept. Inv. 22, p. 131, pi. 21, figs. 5a-c.

Tappan (1943, p. 514) says of this species, that it 

"ranges abundantly throughout the Washita group." 

This characteristic Washita species is fairly common in 

the new biofacies of the lower member of the Atkinson.

Type and occurrence.—Figured hypotypes (USNM 

P2182, P2183), specimens from Sun Oil Co. Crapps 

"A" well 1, Dixie County, Fla. (Table 1; fig. 41), core 

3,548-3,556 ft.

LITERATURE CITED

Adkins, W. S., 1932, The geology of Texas; Ft. 2, The Mesozoic 

systems in Texas: Tex. Univ. Bull. 3232, p. 239-518. 

[1933]

Alexander, C. I., 1929, Ostracoda of the Cretaceous of north 

Texas: Tex. Univ. Bull. 2907.

Applin, P. L., and Applin, E. R., 1947, Regional subsurface

stratigraphy, structure, and correlation of middle and early

Upper Cretaceous rocks in Alabama, Georgia, and north

Florida: U. S. Geol. Survey Oil and Gas Inv. Prelim.

Chart 26. 

Bergquist, H. R., 1949, Geology of the Woodbine formation of

Cooke, Grayson, and Fannin Counties, Texas: U. S. Geol.

Survey Oil and Gas Inv. Prelim. Map 98. 

Conant, L. C., 1946, Vick formation of pre-Tuscaloosa age of

Alabama Coastal Plain: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists

Bull., v. 30, p. 711-715. 

Crickmay, G. W., Ladd, H. S., and Hoffmeister, J. E., 1941

Shallow-water Olobigerina sediments: Geol. Soc. America

Bull., v. 52, p. 79-106, 2 pis. 4 figs. 

Cushman, J. A., 1946a, Upper Cretaceous Foraminifera of the

Gulf Coastal region of the United States and adjacent areas:

U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 206.

———— 1946b, The species of Olobigerina described between 1839 

and 1850: Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v. 22, 

p. 15-21, pis. 3-4.

Cushman, J. A., and Alexander, C. I., 1930, Some Vaginulinas 

and other Foraminifera from the Lower Cretaceous of 

Texas: Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v. 6, p. 

1-23, pis. 1-2.

Cushman, J. Av and Applin, E. R., 1946, Some Foraminifera of 

Woodbine age from Texas, Mississippi, Alabama, and 

Georgia: Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v. 22, 

p. 71-76, pi. 13 in part.

———— 1947, Some new Foraminifera from the American Cretaceous: Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr. v. 23, 

p. 53-55, pi. 13 in part.

Frizzell, D. L., 1954, Handbook of Cretaceous Foraminifera of 

Texas: Texas Bur. Econ. Geology, Rept. Inv. 22.

Hill, R. T., 1901, Geography and geology of the Black and 

Grand prairies, Texas: U. S. Geol. Survey 21st Ann. Rept., 

pt. 7.

Ladd, H. S., 1936, Globigerina beds as depth indicators in the 

Tertiary sediments of Fiji: Science, n. s. v. 83, p. 301-302.

Loeblich, A. R., Jr., 1946, Foraminifera from the type Pepper 

shale of Texas: Jour. Paleontology, v. 20, p. 130-139, pi. 22, 

text figs. 1-3.

Loeblich, A. R. Jr., and Tappan, Helen, 1950, Foraminifera of the 

type Kiowa shale, Lower Cretaceous, Kansas: Kans. Univ. 

Paleont. Contr. no. 6, Protozoa, art. 3, p. 1-15, 2 pis.

Lozo, F. E., Jr., 1944, Biostratigraphic relations of some north 

Texas Trinity and Fredericksburg (Comanchean) Foraminifera; Am. Midland Naturalist, v. 31, p. 513-582, pis. 1-5.

Stead, F. L., 1951, Foraminifera of the Glen Rose formation 

(Lower Cretaceous) of central Texas: Tex. Jour. Sci., no. 4, 

p. 577-605, pis. 1-3, text figs. 1-4.

Stephenson, L. W., 1952, Mollusks from the Pepper shale member 

of the Woodbine formation, McLennan County, Texas: 

U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 243-E. [1953]

Tappan, Helen, 1943, Foraminifera from the Duck Creek formation of Oklahoma and Texas: Jour. Paleontology, v. 17, p. 

476-517, pis. 77-83.

PLATES 48, 49
PLATE 48

FIGURES 1, 2. Reophax deckeri Tappan (p. 190).

1. Finely arenaceous hypotype, USNM P 2156, X 40.

2. Coarsely arenaceous hypotype, USNM P 2157, X 40.

3. Haplophragmoides langsdalensis Applin, n. sp. (p. 191). 

Side view of holotype, USNM P 2158, X 30.

4. Gaudryina barlowensis Applin, n. sp. (p. 192).

Holotype, USNM P 2160, X 40. 

5, 6. Acruliammina longa (Tappan). (p. 193).

5. Initial end, hypotype, USNM P 2163, X 30.

6. Attached apertural end, hypotype, USNM P 2164, X 30. 

7-9. Placopsilina langsdalensis Applin, n. sp. (p. 193).

7. Holotype, USNM P 2165, X 40.

8. Initial end broken specimen, paratype, USNM P 2167, X 40.

9. Slightly crushed paratype, USNM P 2166, X 40. 

10, 11. Quinqueloculina moremani Cushman, var. barlowensis Applin, n. var. (p. 192).

10. Holotype, USNM P 2161, X 40.

11. Opposite side of paratype, USNM P 2162, X 40. 

12. Robulus munsteri (Roemer) Cushman. (p. 192). 

Side view of hypotype, USNM P 2168, X 30. 

13, 14. Lenticulina cyprina (Vieaux) Frizzell. (p. 194).

Side views of hypotypes, USNM P 2169 and P 2170, X 40. 

15. Citharina recta (Reuss) Frizzell. (p. 194).

Hypotype, USNM P 2174, X 30. 

16, 17. Frondicularia barlowensis Applin, n. sp. (p. 195)'.

16. Nearly complete specimen of holotype showing general contour, USNM P 2175, X 30.

17. Broken specimen of paratype showing chamber arrangement, USNM P 2176, X 30. 

18—20. Nodosaria affinis Reuss var. (p. 194).

18. Apertural end of form with inflated chambers, hypotype, USNM P 2172, X 30.

19. Initial end, hypotype, USNM P 2173, X 30.

20. Apertural end of form with chambers slightly inflated, hypotype, USNM P 2171, X 40. 

21, 22. Valvulineria infrequens Morrow var. (p. 195).

21. Dorsal view, hypotype, USNM P 2184, X 40.

22. Ventral view, hypotype, USNM P 2177, X 40. 

23, 24. Globigerina cf. cretacea d'Orbigny. (p. 196).

23. Dorsal view, hypotype, USNM P 2180, X 40.

24. Ventral view, hypotype, USNM P 2181, X 40. 

25, 26. Globorotalia cushmani Morrow, (p. 196).

25. Dorsal view, hypotype, USNM P 2178, X 30.

26. Ventral view, hypotype, USNM P 2179, X 40. 

27, 28. Anomalina petita Carsey. (p. 197).

27. Ventral view, hypotype, USNM P 2183, X 40.

28. Dorsal view, hypotype, USNM P 2182, X 40.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPKR 2(>4 PLATE 418

VK.

21 22

23 24

25 26 

BARLOW FAUNA
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 264 PLATE 49
PLATE 49

(Figures 3, 4, 6 after Cushman and Applin, 1946; figures 1, 2, 5 after Cushman and Applin, 1947.)

FIGURE 1. Ammobaculites agrestis Cushman and Applin. (p. 191). 

a, side view; b, peripheral view; X 60.

2. Haplophragmoid.es advenus (Cushman and Applin) Frizzell. (p. 191). 

a, side view; b, apertural view; X 60.

3. Trochammina rainwateri Cushman and Applin. (p. 192). 

a, dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view; X 75.

4. Ammobaculoides plummerae Loeblich. (p. 191). 

a, side view; b, apertural view; X 75.

5. Anomalina obesa Cushman and Applin. (p. 197). 

a, side view; b, peripheral view; X 120.

6. Ammobaculites junceus Cushman and Applin. (p. 191). 

a, side view; b, apertural view; X 75.