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DistributionCategoryUC-950

Uranium Purchases Report 1993

August 1994

IEnm_ Infonmltion AdminiM_ratlon

Officeof Coal, Nuclear,ElectricandAltemateFuels

U.S. Departmentof Energy

Washington,DC 20585

?

This reportwas preparedbythe EnergyInformationAdministration,theindependentstatisticaland

analyticalagencywithinthe Depwtmentof Energy.The informationcontainedhereinshouldnotbe

construedas advocatingor reflecl_ anypolicypositionofthe DepartmentofEnergyor ofany other

organization.

DISTRIBUTION OF THIS [_ooUME.NT IS UNLIMITED
Preface

This report is the second in a series of annual pub- 1993"UraniumIndustryAnnualSurvey,"FormEIA-858,

lications by the Energy Information Administration ScheduleB,"UraniumMarketingActivities,ar" eprovided

requiredby the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT in response to the requirementsin the EPACT 1992.

1992),PublicLaw 102-486 (October24, 1992), Subtitle AppendixA containsan explanationof Form EIA-858

B, 42 USC § 2296b-4 Section 1015 of P.L. 102-486, surveymethodologieswith emphasisonthe processingof

which providesthat: ScheduleB data.

... the owner or operatorof any civilian nuclear Additional information published in this report, not

power reactor shall report to the Secretary (of includedin Uranium Purchases Report 1992, includesa

Energy), acting throughthe Administratorof the new datatable(Table 1). PresentedinTable 1 are U.S.

EnergyInformationAdministration,for activities utilitypurchasesof uraniumand vnrichmentservices by

of the previousfiscal year-- origincountry. Also, this reportcontainsadditionalpurchase informationcovering average price and contract

(1) the countryof originandthe sellerof any duration. Table2 is an updateof Table 1 and Table3 is

uraniumor enricheduraniumpurchased or an updateof Table 2 fromthe previousyear'sreport. The

importedintothe UnitedStateseitherdirectly report containsa glossaryof terms.

orindirectlyby such owneror operator,and

This report was preparedby the Survey Management

(2) the countryof originandthe seller of any Division (SMD), Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and

enrichmentservicespurchasedby suchowner Alternate Fuels, Energy Information Administration.

oroperator. Questions of a general nature should be directed to

Howard L. Walton, DirectorSMD, at 202/254-5500, or

This informationis requiredto be madeavailableto the LutherSmithat 202/254-5565. Questionsof a detailedor

Congress annually. Data reportedby domesticnuclear technicalnatureshould be addressedto Doug Bonnar at

utility companies in their responsesto the 1991 through 202/254-5560 or CharlesJohnson at 202/254-5568.
Uranium Purchases Report 1993

Uranium Purchases by U.S. Utilities

During 1993, the owners and operatols of U.S. civilian Of the 31.2 million pounds U3Ose delivered to U.S.

nuclear electric generating units took defivery of 31.2 utilities in 1993, deliveries under spot contract2purmillion pounds U308 equivalent (U3Ote)under purchase chases accounted for 3.1 million pounds at a price of

contracts from suppfiers (Table 1). Of thedelivenxl total $9.38 per pound; short-term contract 3purchases totaled

of 31.2 million pounds, naturaluraniumI accounted for 2.9 million pounds at a price of $8.24 per pound;

30.2 million pounds (97 percent) andenriched uranium medium-term contract4purchases accounted for 8.5 railaccounted for 1.0 million pounds (3 percent). The 25 lion pounds at a price of $10.59 per pound; and longfirms that supplied the uranium to the utilities under term contract 5purchases totaled 16.6 million pounds at

these contracts are shown in the following list. Ten of aprice of $13.82 per pound. Some long-term contracts

the 25 firms (designated with an asterisk) made deriver- were signed in the 1970's.

ies under new purchase contracts in 1993.

Of the 31.2 million pounds U3Ose delivered to U.S.

Uranium Sellers utilities in 1993 at a price of $11.97 per pound, 3.9

AlbuquerqueUraniumCorporation million pounds (12 percent) were of U.S. origin at a

AlliedSignal,Inc.* price of $15.53 per pound. Non-U.S. origin uranium

CamecoCorporation* accounted for 27.3 million pounds (88 percent) of the

ChinaNuclearEnergyIndustryCorp. (CNEIC) deliveries. Some of this material was inthe United States

COGEMA,Inc. and not imported in 1993. The top five origin countries

EnergyFuelsExplorationCompany in descending order by quantity for non-U.S, origin

EnergyFuelsCorporation uranium are shown in the list below.

EnergyFuelsLimited*

EnergyResourcesof Australia*

EverestExploration,Inc.

GeomexMinerals,Inc.*

HighlandUraniumProject Top FiveNon-U.S. AveragPrice e

MalapaiResourcesCompany OriginCountries ($perlb.U3Oae)

Nuexco Trading Corporation*

NUKEM, Inc.* Canada $13.02

PathfinderMinesCorporation

PowerResources,Inc. Russia $10.02

SiemensNuclearPowerCorporation* China $9.31

TotalMineralsCorporation

U.S.EnergyCorporation Australia $10.65

UG U.S.A., Inc.* Kazakhstan $9.56

UranerzExploration& MiningLtd.*

UrangesellschaftMbh

UraniumResourcesInc.

WestinghouseElectricCorporation

tNatural uraniumisuraniumconcentrat(Ue30s)anduraniumhexath_de(UF6).

2Spotcontract - Aonetimedeliveryoftheentir(xe3mtractquantity to occurwithinthecalendaryearofcontractsigning.

3Short-texm contract - All deliveries to occ_ within the first 2 calendar years of contract signing.

4Medium-term contract - At least one delivery to occm between 2 to 6 years following contract signing.

_g-term contract - At least I delivery to occur after 6 yems following contract signing.

Energy Infmmallm Administration/Uranium Purchases Report 1993 I
Table 1. U.S. Utility. Purchases of Uranium and Enrichment Services 1993

Deliveries

Uranium Enrichment Separative

(thousand Feed (thousand Work Units

poundsU308 poundsU308 (thousand

Odgin Country. _

Total ........................................... 31,1 84 35,100 8,773

By origincountry: ............ Australia 1,777 1,615 --

Canada 14,019 11,473 --

China 2,922 3,540 Wa

France 0 W Wb

Gabon W 641 --

Germany W W W c

Mongolia W 0 --

Namibia 392 735 --

Netherlands .... Wd

Niger 0 20 --

NISeTotal 6,230 7,266 --

Kazakhstan 1,618 1,074 --

Kyrgyzstan W W --

Russia 3,705 5,351 215f

Uzbekistan W W --

SouthAfrica W I, 123 0g

Spain 0 W --

UnitedKingdom W W Wh

UnitedStates 3,896 7,786 8,109_

aCNEIC(ChinaNuclearEnergyIndustryCorp.)enrichment plant,LanzhouProvince,PeoplesRepublicofChina.

bEurodifenrichmentplant,GeorgesBesse,France.

¢Urancoenrichmentplant,Gronau,Germany.

dUrencoenrichmentplant,Almelo,Nethedands.

• NIS= NewlyIndependentStates

f Techsnabexpo(Tenex) rt enrichmentplantslocatedInAngarsk,Russla;Ekatednburg, Russia;Krasnoyarsk, Russia;andTomsk,Russia.

gAEC(AtomlcEnergyCorporationofSouthAfrlca,Ltd.)enrichmentplant,Vallndaba,South._.ffica.

hUrencoenrichmentplant,Capenhurst, UnltedKingdom.

DOE/USECenrlchmentplants,Paducah,KentuckyandPortsmouth, Ohlo.

W = WithheldtoavolddisclosureofcompanyIdentlflabledata.

--= Notapplicable.

Note:TotalsmaynotequalsumofcomponentsbecauseofIndependentrounding.

Source:EnergyInformationAdmlnlstratl_Form n, EIA-858,"UranluIndm ustryAnnuaSurvey'(1993). l

U.S. utilities signed 38 new purchase contracts in 1993. percent of total deliveries. In 1993, imports accounted for

The quantity of uranium delivered in 1993 under these 15.7 million pounds U3Ose or 50 percent of total delivernew contracts was 3.6 million pounds U3Ose with an ies to utilities, compared with only 35 and 33 percent in

a_erage price of $9.36 per pound. In 1993, deliveries 1991 and 1992, respectively (Table 2).

associated with new purchase contracts accounted for 12

2 EnergyInformatlonAdmlnlstratlon/UraniumPurchasesReport1993
Table 2. Uranium Purchases by U.S. Utilities, 1991 - 1993

_housand PoundsU_O.F_,quivalent)

Deliveries

Category 1991 i 1992 ! 1993

Total ................................................ 40,947 35,383 31,184

Del_ Under Purchase Contracts (Non-Imports)' .......... 26,812 23,572 15,511

By materialtype: ............... NaturalU30a 17,011 17,847 13,024

NaturalUFa 7,458 3,180 2,198

EnrichedUFa 2,343 2,546 289

Byodgincountry: .............. Australia 1,374 W 737

Canada 2,943 5,347 4,219

China 1,146 920 2,127

France 0 W 0

Gabon W 0 W

Narnibia 917 1,333 0

Portugal W W 0

NISbTotal 6,824c 5,831c 3,163

Kazakhstan NA NA W

Kyrgyzstan NA NA W

Russia NA NA 2,285

Uzbeldstan NA NA 587

SouthAfrica 0 349 W

Spain W 0 0

UnitedKingdom W 0 W

UnitedStates 12,443 7,934 3,896

Import Deliverim Under Purchase Contracts= ............... 14,135 11,811 15,673

By materialtype: ............... NaturalUsOe 12,559 10,263 11,972

NaturalUF6 1,576 1,548 3,013

EnrichedUF6 0 0 688

By origincountry: .............. Australia 701 2,245 1,040

Canada 11,793 7,030 9,800

China W W 795

Gabon W W 0

Germany W W W

Mongolia 0 0 W

Namibia 0 W 392

NISbTotal Wc 1,123c 3,067

Kazakhstan NA NA W

Kyrgyzstan NA NA W

Russia NA NA 1,420

Uzbekistan NA NA W

South Africa 0 W 0

United Kingdom 0 0 W

=U.S.utilitiesreportedwhetherornotthatyear'sdeliveryInvolvedImportation.Ifnot,theImportationofnon-U.S,odginuraniumwasconductedIn

aIXeVtousyear.Thetotalquantityofdelivedasshownfor1991through1993represents, foreachyear,thesumofquantitkfomrnon-importandImport

PU_lSseddeliveries.

= NewtyIndependent States.

°Thename"Russia"wasusedtoreportdatafor1991and1992. Nofurtherbreakdownintothenewlyformed,separateRepublics,knownnowas

theNewlyIndependentStates,wasavailable.

W = WithheldtoavoiddisclosureofcompanyIdentifiabledata.

NA= Notavailable.

Note:Totalsmaynotequalsumofcomponentsbecauseofindependentrounding.

Source:EnergyInformationAdmInistration, FormEIA-858,"UraniumIndustryAnnualSurvey."

EnergyInformationAdministration/UraniumPurchasesReport1993 3
Uranium Enrichment Feed Enrichment Services Purchased by U.S.

Utilities

Actual deliveries by U.S. utilities of uranium feed to enrichment plants are shown by year in Table I and Table 3. In 1993, two new enrichment service contracts were

In 1993, utility enrichment feed deliveries totaled 35.1 signed byU.S. utilities. Several utilities reported modifymillion pounds U3Ose shipped to both domestic and ing their existing enrichment contracts during 1993 to

foreign enrichment suppliers, 10 percent above the 1992 change quantities, prices, and/ordeliveries or to elect and

level. Deliveries consisted of 7.8 million pounds (22 finalize futureemichment options remaining under those

percent) of U.S. origin and 27.3 million pounds (78 contracts.

percent) of non-U.S, origin uranium. For non-U.S, origin

uranium,the top five origin countries in descending order The amount of separativeworkunits (SWU) purchasedby

were Canada (42 percent), Russia (20 percent), China (13 U.S. utilities under enrichment service contracts that

percent), Australia (6 percent), and South Africa (4 were delivered in 1993 was 8.8 million SWU (Table 1).

percent). The remaining 15 percellt of the non-U.S, origin The nine firms that were named as the sellers of enrichuraniumdelivered to enrichmentplants was from Gabon, mentservices for these SWU deliveries in 1993 are shown

Germany, Namibia, Niger, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, in the following list.

Uzbekistan, Spain, and the United Kingdom (Table 1).

Utilities took delivery of 30.2 million pounds natural Enriehmmt Service Sellers

uranium under purchase contracts in 1993, and the China NuclearEnergy Industry Corp. (CNEIC)

additional 4.9 million pounds of enrichment feed came COGEMA, Inc.

from inventory withdrawals or deliveries by other transac- Energy Fuels Corporation

tions such as exchanges or loans. Utility enrichment feed Nuexco Trading Corporation

deliveries to U.S. enfichers in 1993 totaled 32.4 million NUKEM, Inc.

pounds UsOse (92 percent of total deliveries). Feed Siemens Nuclear Power Corporation

deliveries to non-U.S, enrichers in 1993 totaled 2.7 U.S. DepartmentofEnergy(U.S. DOE)

million pounds UsOse (8 percent of total deliveries). United States Enrichment Corporation (USEC)

Urenco

Ninety-one percent of the enrichment was conducted at

U.S. enrichment plants under the U.S Department of

Energy/United Stales Enrichment Corporation operation.

The remaining enrichment for U.S. utilities was performed by CNEIC, Eurodif, Tenex, and Urenco 6.

6CNIgIC(China NucleasEnagy lndus_ Corporation),Peoples Republicof China. F.aumlif,acomm_mmof _ 37 percent; Sofidif, 25 pew.eat(Cogima 60

percmando1_'n 0rim)40petal); Synatom0_Agium)andEnun(Spein),11pemnmch;md_mdAGWfoom I_ly),Spetcemeacopem _ _theCzorp

Bernegewmusditfu_onplatoat the_ siWinPrance. _ lwmlless_s md _ d Bumdffpmdu_ md services,excludingsales to Eurodifpmlners.

Tmcs ('rechsmbexport)utilizes fourgascentrifugetechnologyplantsat Ekatennbmg,Angar_ Krammyar_ andTomskin Russia. Thefourplants am ownedby

The_ of AtomicEnergyof the RussianFederation0dinatom). Ureneo is aceesmfium crm/edby treatybetweenGermany,the Netherhmd_andthe United

Kinglmn. Urenco,Ltd.,is the holdingcempmy forgas centrifugephmtslocatedatthreewholly_ _: Unmco(NL), Aln_lo, TheNeClwdandsUn ; mco

(D), C_nm, Cmmmny;md Unmco (UK),_ UnitedKin_tom. BritishNuclearFuelspic(BNI_), in timUnitedKingdom,UlUa-CentrifugeNedm4m_N.V.

(UCN) in tl_ Nethedan_, andUranitGmbhin Germanyageequalshareholdersin Urenco,Ltd.

4 Energy Information AdmlnlstraliolV Umniml Ptm:ltalm Rqxxl lW_
Table 3. U.S. Utility Enrichment Feed Deliveries, 1991 - 1993

(Thousand Pounds U_OsEquivalent)

Quantity

Category 1991 [ 1992 ! 1993

Enrichment Feed Deliveries (Total) a ........................... 37,992 32,045 35,100

To U.S. DOE/USEC (Total)b ................................ 33,852 27,622 32,362

U.S. Origin Uranium (Total) ............................. 11,711 9,077 7,731

Non-U.S. Origin Uranium (Total) ......................... 22,141 18,545 24,631

By origincountry:............ Australia 2,641 1,764 1,463

Canada 11,327 8,984 11,168

China W W W

France W W W

Gabon W W W

Germany 0 0 W

Namibia W W 735

NIScTotal 3,176d 5,146d 5,748

Kazakhstan NA NA 457

Kyrgyzstan NA NA 0

Russia NA NA 5,072

Uzbeldstan NA NA 0

Portugal 0 W 0

SouthAfdca W 662 1,123

Spain 0 0 W

UnitedKingdom W W W

To Non-U.S. Endchem (Total)e ............................. 4,140 4,423 2,738

U.S. Origin Uranium (Total) ............................. 2,120 1,048 55

Non-U.S. Origin Uranium (Total) ......................... 2,020 3,375 2,683

=Thetotalquantityof UtilityEnrichmentFeedDelivedesshownfor1991through1993represents, foreachyear,thesumofmaterialshippedfor

enrichment to UnitedStatesDepartmentofEnergy(USDOE)and/orUnitedStatesEnrichment Corporation(USEC),andtoNon-U.S.Endchers.

totalquanUtyfor1991through1993shippedtoUSDOEorUSECrepresentsfor, eachyear,thesumofU.S.OdglnUraniumandNon-U.SOrigin .

Uranium.

=NIS= NewlyIndependentStates.

dThename"Russia"wasusedtoreportdatafor1991and1992. I_ furtherbreakdownintothe newlyformedse, parateRepublics,knownnowas

theNewlyIwJepenclent Sates,wasavailable.

_ _ for1991through1993shippedtoNon-U.SEnrlchem . represents,foreachyear,the sumofU.S.OriginUraniumandNon-U.S.

OriginUmrCum.

W =WilhtmldtoavoiddisclosureofcompanyIdentifiabledata. NA= Notavailable.

Note:TotalsmaynotequalsumofcomponentsbecauseofIndependentrounding.

Source:EnergyInformationAdministration, FormEIA-858,"UraniumIndustryAnnualSurvey."

EnergyInformationAdminlstmgon/UraniumPurchawesReport1993 5
Appendix

Survey Methodology

Survey Design intendedtO measure); and(6) adjustments (errorsmight

be madein estimatingvaluesformissing data).

The EnergyInformationAdministration(ELL)conducted

the tenth annual "Uranium IndustryAnnual Survey," Because the "UraniumIndustry Annual Survey" is a

FormELL-858,to collect informationfromall companies universe survey ratherthan a sample survey,samplin_

known or believed to have been involved in the U.S. errors do not affect the data provided in this report.'

uraniumindustryduring1993. Includedin thissurveyare Although it is not possible to present estimates of nondomesticutilities that own and/oroperatenuclearpower samplingerror,precautionarysteps were taken at each

reactors.The 1993surveyformwas mailedto respondents stageof the survey designandoperationto minimize the

in January 1994, and was due back in March 1994. possible occurrence of these errors. These steps are

Respondentsto the "UraniumIndustryAnnual Survey" described below, and the errorsthey were designed to

were asked to providedata currentto the end of 1993 minimizearenamed(in parenthesis).

abouttheir UraniumRawMaterialsActivities (Schedule

A) andUraniumMarketingActivities (ScheduleB). Survey UniverseFrame (Coverage Errors)

In particular,Schedule B covers: uraniumtransaction Thesurveyuniverseincludesallnuclearutilitiesinvolved

parametersincluding name of the other party;type of in the U.S.uraniumindustry.The criteriafor responding

transaction;uraniummaterials covered',origin for the

to ScheduleB are:firmsthat during1993 (1) heldexisturaniummaterialsand conversion and enrichmentser- ingcontractscoveringthe sale,purchase,exchange, loan,

vices, and delivery destination; importationand expor- loan repayment,or custody of uraniumor entered into

tation; contract pricing mechanism; contract options; similar newcontracts;(2) held inventoriesof uraniumin

litigation status; schedule of uranium deliveries with any form excluding reactor-inserted,fabricatedfuel; (3)

corresponding prices; uranium inventories; materials maintainedaforward-coverage, uranium-inventorypolicy;

shipped for enrichment; projected enrichment feed (4) madeactual deliveries of uraniumfeed materialsto

deliveries;unfilledmarketrequirements;andenrichment anyenrichmentsupplierand/or(5) purchasedenrichment

servicesby U.S. utilities.Quantities of uraniumreported services.

areas equivalentU3Osto the nearestthousandpounds.

The respondent list used for the Form ELL-858survey The datacollectedon FormEIA-858aresubjectto several was developedfroma frameof all establishmentsknown

sources of error. These sources are: (1) coverage (the to meet the selection criteria. The frame of potential

respondentframemightnot be complete or, onthe other respondentswas compiled from previous surveys and

hand,there mightbe doublecounting);(2) nonresponse frominformationin the publicdomain.As it specifically

(allunitsthataresurveyedmightnot respondormightnot relatesto ScheduleB, the framewasintendedto coverthe

provide all the informationrequested);(3) respondents following:all utilities owning nuclear-fueledgenerating

(respondentsmightcommit errorsin reportingthe data); stations,fuel convertersandfabricators,andutilities with

(4) processing (the data collection agencymight omit or whole or partial ownership in operating or planned

incorrectlytranscribea submission);(5)concept (thedata uranium-fueledpowerplants.

collectionelementsmightnotmeasurethe itemsthey were

tSamplingerroris a measureof the variationthatoccursby chancebecauseasampleratherthanacompleteenumerationof unitsis surveyed.

Em_rgyInformationAdministration/Uranium Purchases Report 1993 7
Survey Procedures (Nonresponse) changed without first consulting with file reporting

company. Computer edits were also used to identify

The survey forms were sent by first class mail to ensure keypunch errors, out-of-range values, and unlikely data

their receipt only by the proper respondent organization, combinations. These edits either were corrected to

If the U.S. Postal Service was unable to deliver the survey represent the data reported on the submissions or were

form, the corrected address was obtained where possible, changed only after confirming the corrected values by

All nuclear utilities currently conducting business in the telephone conversations with company representatives.

U.S. uranium industry were contacted during this survey. Data coding andentry errors were eliminated by proofing

data after entry. All changes to reporteddata were docuThe Form EIA-858 is a self-administered questionnaire mented.

requesting dat_ bout many areas of company operations.

The scope of thequestions is necessarily broad, and self. Response Rates

reporting of company-specific data is required.

Schedule B of Form EIA-858 was mailed to 131 firms

Cooperation from industry on the 1993 survey was, as in and to the Office of Uranium Programs (NE-30), U.S.

previous years, excellent. A large number of respondents Department of Energy and to the United States Enrichreplied to the form within the specified deadlines. Those ment Corporation(USEC). All of the schedules that were

that had not responded by the due dates were telephoned mailed to nuclear utilities, to NE-30 and to USEC were

to encourage submission of the forms, and those calls returned (100 percent response) with information as

resulted in the submission of most of the remaining forms, requestedon the form. Of course, not all Schedule B data

In addition, a followup letter was mailed to nonres- items were applicable to each responding utility, to NEpendents requesting compliance with the survey. Sub- 30, or to USEC.

sequently, telephone calls were made to obtain forms not

yet submitted. In some instances, company data were Missing Data

modified/collected through telephone conversations made

to clarify items reported/omitted on their submissions. To Omissions of data identified during the prescreening and

reduce the reporting burdenon the respondents, data for editing of the datafell into two categories: data that were

contracts and selected other data elements from the prior withheld because of contractual constraints or because a

year's survey form were preprinted on each respondent's particularcontract was under litigation. Respondents were

1993 survey, contactedregarding omissions to verify that the data could

not be reported. Only confirmed company-repofled data

Data Editing, Analysis, and Processing arecontained inthe database andincluded in this report.

(Respondent and Processing Errors)

Nondiaclosure of Data

The survey forms were logged in andreviewed by agency

personnel prior to data entry into the Uranium Industry To protect the confidentiality of individual respondents'

Annual System, an automated data base containing all data,a policy was implemented to ensure that the reportcurrent and historical data from each company's submis- ing of survey datain this report would not associate those

sign. The data base is maintained on the EIA computer data with a particular company. This policyis in complifacility in Washington, DC. After entry into the data base, ance with EIA StandardNo. 88-05-06, "Nondisclosure of

a copy of each Schedule B was distributedto the Survey Company Identifiable Data in Aggregate Cells." Intables

Management Division analyst for review and approval, where the nonzero value of a cell is composed of data

The submissions were checked for internal consistency, from fewer than three companies or if a single company

and the reported data were compared with previous dominates a table-cell value so that the reporting of the

collections of similar data. After reviewing the submis- value would lead to identification of a company's data,

signs, the analyst consulted with the reporting company, then the EIA classifies the cell value as "sensitive," and

as needed, to resolve data problems and to confirm any the cell value is withheld ("W") from the report. Within

corrections of the data. Data areasthatwere reviewed and a table with a sensitive cell value, selected values in other

the corrections that were made differed from company to cells of the table are also withheld, as necessary, so that

company. Most represented differing interpretations of the the sensitive cell value cannot be computed using the

data item definitions. No data in the data base were values in published cells.

8 Energy Information Administration/Uranium Purchamm Report 1993
Glossary of Terms

Average Price: The quantity-weighted average of the Uranium: A heavy, naturally radioactive, metallic

wices paid for deliveries, element (atomic number92). Itstwo principally occurring

isotopes areuranium-235 and uranium-238. Uranium-235

Enrichment Feed Deliveries: Uranium materials made is indispensable to the nuclear industry because it is the

available under contract to an enrichment-services sup- only isotope existing in nature to any appreciable extent

prierfor p_ing into enrichod-uranium product that is that is fissionable by thermal neutrons. Uranium-238 is

destined for use as fuel in a nuclear reactor, also important because it absorbs neutrons to produce a

radioactive isotope that subsequently decays to plutoEnrichment Services: See Separative Work Units nium-239, an isotope that also is'fissionable by thermal

(SWU). neutrons.

Purchases of Uranium: The amountof uraniummaterial o Concentrate: A yellow or brown powder produced

that is delivered du_ng a survey year as reportedon the from naturally occurring uranium minerals as a

"Uranium Industry Annual Survey" (UIAS), Form EIA- result of milling uranium ore or processing uranium858, as purchases of either uranium ore, U3Os, natural beating solutions. Sy,onymous with yellowcake,

UFs, or enriched UF6.The amount of uranium material U3Os, oruranium oxide.

under other types of contracts reported on the UIAS, i.e.,

loans andexchanges, is excluded, o Enriched Uranium: Uranium endched in the isotope

U-235 from 0.711 percent (by weight) in natural

uranium to an average of 3.0 to 3.5 pe_rd U-235. Sepmtive Work Units (SWU): The standard measure

ofenfichn_nt services. The effort expended in separating

a mass F of feed of assay xf into a mass P of product o Uranium Hexafluoride (UFe): A white solid obtained

assay xp and waste of mass W and assay xw is expressed by chemical treatment of U3Os, which forms a vapor

in terms of the number of separative work units needed, at temperatures above 56 degrees Centigrade. UFs is

given by the expression SWU = WV(xw) + PV(xp) - the form of uranium required for the enrichment

FV(xf), where V(x) is the "value function," defined as process.

V(x)=(1-2x)In((-1x)/x).

Uranium Oxide:Uraniumconcentrateor yellowcake.

Abbreviated as UsOs.

Energy Informstlon AdminisVsUon/Uranium PurolhumeeI_port 11193 9
i!!iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!

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