2-1 

2.0 PROPOSED ACTION 

Gulf South proposes to construct, own, operate, and maintain interstate natural gas pipeline 

and associated ancillary facilities in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama as described below and depicted 

in Figure 2.1-1. 

2.1 PROPOSED FACILITIES 

Gulf South proposes to construct and operate a 42-inch-diameter natural gas pipeline that 

would extend from existing Gulf South pipeline facilities in Simpson County, Mississippi, approximately 

111 miles east to Transco's existing pipeline facilities in Choctaw County, Alabama. This 42-inchdiameter natural gas pipeline would interconnect with natural gas pipelines operated or under construction 

by CenterPoint, Southern Natural Gas Company (Southern Natural), Tennessee Gas Pipeline Company 

(Tennessee Gas), Destin, and Transco. This proposed pipeline would have a maximum allowable 

operating pressure (MAOP) of 1,480 pounds per square inch gauge (psig) and would be capable of 

receiving, transporting, and delivering up to 1.272 billion cubic feet per day (Bcf/d) of natural gas. 

Throughout this EIS, the locations of specific features along the proposed pipeline, such as 

project facilities and environmental resources, are identified by milepost (MP). Table 2.1-1 provides the 

location, MP, and length of pipeline facilities associated with the proposed Project. The general location 

of the proposed Project facilities is shown in Figure 2.1-1, and Appendix B and H of this EIS provides 

more detailed facility location maps. 

TABLE 2.1-1 

Pipeline Facilities for the Proposed Southeast Expansion Project 

Milepost 

County Begin End 

Length 

(miles) 

Mississippi 

Simpson County 0.0 29.3 29.3 

Smith County 29.3 49.5 20.2 

Jasper County 49.5 75.5 26.0 

Clarke County 75.5 104.4 28.9 

Alabama 

Choctaw County 104.4 110.8 6.4 

Total 110.8 

In addition to the proposed pipeline, Gulf South would also construct and operate three 

compressor stations, five M/R stations, eight MLV, one side valve, and two pig1

 launcher/receiver 

facilities. Table 2.1-2 identifies and describes the aboveground facilities associated with the proposed 

Project and provides location and MP information for these facilities. 

 1

 A pig is a mechanical tool used to clean and inspect the interior of a pipeline. 
Southeast Expansion Project

General Location Map

DATE: Jan 2007 Figure 2.1-1

north

1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000

LEGEND

Proposed Project Route

Proposed Compressor Station

Proposed M&R Station 

Harrisville

Compressor

Station

Delhi

Compressor

Station

CenterPoint Energy

M&R Station

Southern

Natural Gas

M&R Station

Tennessee Gas

Pipeline M&R

Station

Destin Compressor

Station/ Destin

Transmission

M&R Station

Transco

M&R Station

Public

2-2
 2-3 

TABLE 2.1-2 

Aboveground Facilities for the Proposed Southeast Expansion Project 

Project Component County/Parish Milepost Description 

Compressor Stations 

Delhi Compressor Station Richland, LA N/A Install 18,940 hp of compression. 89.5 miles 

northwest of MP 0.0. 

Harrisville Compressor Station Simpson, MS 0.2 Install 18,940 hp of compression 

Destin Compressor Station Clarke, MS 82.9 Install 7,100 hp of compression 

Meter and Regulation (M/R) Stations 

CenterPoint M/R Station Richland, LA N/A Install M/R facilities and tie-in to CenterPoint 

Southern Natural M/R Station Smith, MS 45.7 Install M/R facilities and tie-in to Southern 

Natural 

Tennessee Gas M/R Station Jasper, MS 72.5 Install M/R facilities and tie-in to Tennessee Gas 

Destin M/R Station Clarke, MS 82.9 Install M/R facilities and tie-in to Destin 

Transco M/R Station Choctaw, AL 110.8 Install M/R facilities and tie-in to Transco 

Mainline Valves (MLV) and Other Facilities 

MLV No.1 w/Pig Launcher Simpson, MS 0.2 Install mainline valve with launcher assembly 

within permanent right-of-way 

MLV No.2 Simpson, MS 14.9 Install mainline valve within permanent right-ofway 

MLV No.3 Smith, MS 30.3 Install mainline valve within permanent right-ofway 

MLV No.4 Smith, MS 45.7 Install mainline valve within permanent right-ofway 

MLV No.5 Jasper, MS 60.0 Install mainline valve within permanent right-ofway 

Side Valve Jasper, MS 72.4 Install side valve within permanent right-of-way 

for potential future connection with Petal Gas 

MLV No.6 Jasper, MS 75.4 Install mainline valve within permanent right-ofway 

MLV No.7 Clarke, MS 91.3 Install mainline valve within permanent right-ofway 

MLV No.8 w/Pig Receiver Choctaw, AL 110.8 Install mainline valve with receiver assembly 

within permanent right-of-way _______________ 

Notes: 

N/A – Not Applicable. This facility is located approximately 89.5 miles to the west of the proposed Project along the Gulf South proposed East Texas 

to Mississippi Expansion Project. 

AL = Alabama 

LA = Louisiana 

MS = Mississippi 

Specifically, Gulf South proposes to construct the mainline 18,940-horsepower (Hp) 

Harrisville Compressor Station in Simpson County, Mississippi, at MP 0.0, and two interconnect pressure 

management compressor stations: the 18,940-Hp Delhi Compressor Station in Richland Parish, 

Louisiana, at 89.5 miles west of MP 0.0, and the 7,100-Hp Destin Compressor Station in Clarke County, 

Mississippi, at MP 82.9. The Harrisville Compressor Station would be comprised of four Caterpillar 

3616 reciprocating engines and be built 800 feet east of MP 0.0 at the point where the proposed Project 

starts at Gulf South's existing 30-inch-diameter Index 130 Pipeline. The Delhi Compressor Station would 

be comprised of four Caterpillar 3616 reciprocating engines and be built along pipeline facilities 
 2-4 

associated with Gulf South's proposed East Texas to Mississippi Expansion Project. The Delhi 

Compressor Station would increase the pressure of the natural gas delivered from CenterPoint's Carthage 

to Perryville Pipeline up to the pressure of Gulf South's pipeline associated with its proposed East Texas 

to Mississippi Expansion Project. The Destin Compressor Station would be comprised of two Caterpillar 

3616 reciprocating engines. This station would serve as a redundant station to maintain the pressure of 

the natural gas delivered from the proposed Project up to Destin's anticipated operating pressure of 

approximately 1,100 psig in the event of a loss of compression at the Harrisville Compressor Station. 

At each compressor station site, the new compressor units and associated equipment would be 

housed in new buildings. Each new compressor station would also include an emergency generator to 

provide back-up electrical power. Gulf South would also construct an office/control building at each site. 

Additional facilities at sites would include filter-separators installed on the suction-side of the station to 

clean gas prior to compression, a fuel gas heater, and two station blowdown silencers. Other 

aboveground facilities would include pig launchers/receivers, MLV sites, and side valves. Most natural 

gas piping at the facilities would be installed below grade, and the perimeter of the compressor stations 

would be fenced. Portions of these sites may be paved, covered with gravel, or landscaped, depending on 

facility operations and maintenance requirements. 

Metering and flow control for natural gas delivered to the proposed Project would be 

accomplished via M/R facilities as noted in Table 2.1-2. Similarly, facilities at the proposed M/R stations 

located at interconnects with CenterPoint, Southern Natural, Tennessee, Destin, and Transco pipelines 

would be used to meter the flow and adjust the pressure of natural gas delivered to those systems. Each 

M/R station would include a separate building for M/R equipment, flow/pressure control, and a customer 

facility housed within a fenced perimeter. 

Gulf South would construct and operate the proposed eight MLVs below ground using 

12-inch valve operation risers extending aboveground (for blowdowns and bypass) and connected on each 

side of the 42-inch valve with a crossover. These valves would enable portions of the pipeline to be shut 

down or isolated, if necessary. The MLVs would be installed in areas that are easily accessible to 

operating personnel and at intervals specified in U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) safety 

standards for natural gas pipelines. These sites would typically be enclosed with security fencing and a 

lockable gate around the aboveground piping and valves. 

One new side valve is proposed for construction at MP 72.4, near the intersection of the 

proposed 42-inch outside diameter (OD) pipeline and the existing Petal Gas Storage, LLC (Petal Gas) 

pipeline for a potential future connection with Petal Gas. A pig launcher is proposed at MP 0.2, and a pig 

receiver is proposed at MP 110.8. 

Gulf South filed a supplement on March 5, 2007, to use internally-coated pipeline segments to 

accommodate potential capacity increases in the future, and this would not affect Gulf South's requested 

MAOP of 1,480 psig. 

2.2 LAND REQUIREMENTS 

The amount of land required for construction and operation of the proposed Project, including 

the proposed pipeline and associated facilities, the proposed aboveground facilities, and the requested 

extra work areas, are summarized in Table 2.2-1. Approximately 1,726.5 acres of land would be required 

for use during construction of the proposed Project. Approximately 857.6 acres of land would be required 

for use during operation of the proposed Project. Following construction, approximately 868.9 acres of 

land would be restored to its preconstruction condition or allowed to revert to its former use. 
 2-5 

TABLE 2.2-1 

Land Requirements by County 

for the Proposed Southeast Expansion Project 

Facility 

Location 

County or Parish, State 

Land Affected 

during 

Construction 

(acres) 

Land Affected 

during 

Operation 

(acres) 

Simpson County, MS 330.2 193.0 

Smith County, MS 227.4 137.0 

Jasper County, MS 289.9 171.2 

Clarke County, MS 319.7 187.5 

Choctaw County, AL 73.1 42.7 

Pipeline Facilities (42-inch 

diameter)a

Subtotal 1,240.3 731.4 

Aboveground Facilities 

 

Delhi Compressor Station Richland Parish, LA 69.5 69.5 

Harrisville Compressor Station Simpson County, MS 16.2 16.2 

Destin Compressor Station Clarke County, MS 34.4 23.3 

 

CenterPoint M/R Station Richland Parish, LA 0 0 

Southern Natural M/R Station Smith County, MS 3.5 0.9 

Tennessee M/R Station Jasper County, MS 3.2 0.8 

Destin M/R Station Clarke County, MS 0 0 

Transco M/R Station Choctaw County, AL 13.9 8.0 

Mainline Valves Various 5.5 0.5 

Subtotal 146.2 119. 2 

Other Work Areas 

Extra Workspaces Various 240.7 0 

Pipe Storage Yards and 

Contractor Yards 

Various 41.0 0 

Access Roads Various 58.3 7.0 

 Subtotal 340.0 7.0 

 Total 1,726.5 857.6 

_______________ 

Notes: 

AL = Alabama 

LA = Louisiana 

MS = Mississippi 

a Construction impacts are based on a 100-foot right-of-way in uplands and a 75-foot right-of-way in 

wetlands. Operation impacts are based on a 60-foot right-of-way. However, we are 

recommending that Gulf South's permanent right-of-way be limited to a width of 50 feet and that it 

overlap its construction right-of-way onto existing parallel pipeline rights-of-way. 
 2-6 

2.2.1 Pipeline Facilities 

Gulf South proposes to use a nominal 100-foot-wide construction right-of-way in upland areas 

to install the proposed pipeline. In wetland areas, Gulf South proposes to use a 75-foot-wide construction 

right-of-way to install the proposed pipeline. These construction right-of-way widths would consist of a 

60-foot-wide permanent right-of-way and an additional 40- and 15-foot-wide temporary construction 

work area in upland and wetland work areas, respectively. The construction right-of-way may also be 

expanded by an additional 50 to 100 feet to account for site-specific conditions and alternative 

construction methods. The typical proposed pipeline construction right-of-way requirements in upland 

and wetland areas are illustrated in Figures 2.2.1-1 (typical right-of-way parallel to existing pipelines) and 

2.2.1-2 (typical right-of-way in wetlands). Construction of the proposed pipeline through uplands and 

wetlands would require the temporary use of approximately 1,240.3 acres (see Table 2.2-1). 

Following installation of the proposed pipeline and restoration of the construction right-of-way, 

Gulf South would permanently maintain a 60-foot-wide right-of-way located above the installed pipeline. 

Maintenance of this permanent right-of-way would require the use of approximately 731.4 acres. 

Right-of-Way Considerations 

We have received comments from ADEM, ADCNR, COE, FWS, MDWFP, MNHP, and the 

Mississippi Secretary of State expressing concern over multiple rights-of-way being added to greenfield 

existing rights-of-way, leading to accumulation of land impacts. Gulf South proposing a permanent rightof-way width of 60 feet. Additionally, we received comments from property owners concerning the need 

to minimize permanent right-of-way, particularly when multiple rights-of-way may occur within a 

common corridor. Based on our experience and review of similar projects, our understanding of pipeline 

operations, maintenance procedures, and equipment requirements, we believe that maintenance of a 

60-foot-wide permanent right-of-way is not necessary for operation of the proposed pipeline. Therefore, 

in order to minimize permanent impacts associated with the operation of the proposed pipeline, we 

recommend that: 

• Gulf South should not exercise eminent domain authority granted under Section 7(h) of 

the NGA to acquire a permanent right-of-way greater than 50 feet in width. 

Limiting the permanent right-of-way to 50 feet in width would allow Gulf South to acquire 

through the condemnation process, if necessary, sufficient land to operate its proposed pipeline, and 

would minimize permanent impacts to adjacent resources and land uses. Although Gulf South's use of 

federal authority to condemn lands, should the proposed Project be certificated, would be limited to a 

permanent right-of-way 50 feet in width, Gulf South would be able to negotiate with a willing landowner 

for the use of additional lands for operation of the proposed Project. 

In general, the installation of new pipeline on lands adjacent to existing, cleared rights-of-way 

(e.g., pipeline, power line, road, or railroad) is more environmentally preferable than on lands without 

adjacent existing cleared rights-of-way. Gulf South routed its pipeline to parallel a significant portion of 

its construction right-of-way with existing utility rights-of-way. Figures 2.2.1-1 and 2.2.1-2 indicate that 

Gulf South's construction right-of-way would abut the permanent right-of-way of Denbury Resources' 

pipeline for approximately 0.2 mile, the Crosstex Mississippi (Crosstex) pipeline for approximately 

39.4 miles, and the Transco natural gas pipeline right-of-way for about 33.1 miles. In total, 

approximately 72.7 miles (i.e., approximately 65 percent) of the proposed pipeline would be collocated 

with existing utility corridors. Existing utility corridors that Gulf South's pipeline would parallel are 

listed in Table 2.2.1-2. 
 2-7 

TABLE 2.2.1-2 

Existing Rights-of-Way that are Parallel to the 

Proposed Southeast Expansion Project

MP Begin MP End Type of Right-of-Way Easement Owner 

Width of Existing 

Right-of-Way 

(feet) 

30.3 30.5 Pipeline Denbury 50 

38.3 77.7 Pipeline Crosstex 50 

77.7 110.8 Pipeline Transco 125 

In the Draft EIS, we recommended that Gulf South use part of the Denbury, Crosstex and 

Transco pipelines' existing rights-of-way to maximize use of adjacent rights-of-way in Mississippi and 

Alabama. In its May 25, 2007, response, Gulf South indicated that, for safety and logistical reasons, it 

hesitates to overlap an existing pipeline's permanent right-of-way with its proposed construction right-ofway because the locations of Crosstex and Transco's pipelines within their rights-of-way are not 

consistent, and the distances from the pipelines to the edges of the permanent rights-of-way are not 

documented. Gulf South stated in response to the Draft EIS that it considers a 20-foot separation between 

existing pipelines to be a minimal safe distance. 

Gulf South provided additional comments and clarification on July 6, 2007, regarding 

different issues pertinent to the Crosstex and Transco parallel rights-of-way. It indicated that Crosstex's 

permanent right-of-way is defined as 33 feet in width, with vegetation clearing occurring for 30 to 35 feet. 

Gulf South understands the location of this pipeline can vary from 15 to 5 feet to the edge of Crosstex's 

permanent right-of-way. Additionally, Gulf South indicated that it designed workspace to abut Crosstex's 

pipeline right-of-way knowing that recorded easement instruments specify Crosstex's centerline as being 

10 feet from the edge of Crosstex's permanent right-of-way. In addition to being reluctant to encroach to 

within 10 feet of Crosstex's pipeline, Gulf South cited other uncertainties pertaining to safety, such as 

unknown depth of cover, unknown record of maintenance or pipeline integrity, and unknown and 

uncontrolled operating pressures. Finally, Gulf South expressed concern over already negotiated 

easements. 

Regarding Transco's pipeline locations, Gulf South stated it designed its construction right-ofway to be 25 feet from Transco's closest pipeline and repeated its desire to avoid overlap. Gulf South 

stated it would continue working with Transco. 

Transco stated in the Draft EIS scoping meeting held in Butler, Alabama, on May 10, 2007, 

that it had 144 easements in the area where Gulf South's proposed pipeline would parallel Transco, and 

that 89 of these were open and undefined easements. In its July 6 letter, Gulf South indicated that it 

would be able to overlap its right-of-way easements on any undefined easements according to the location 

specified in the FERC's certificate, if approved. 

While Gulf South's concern over a critical separation of construction workspace and the 

Crosstex pipeline as it applies in locations where that separation may be 10 feet or less may be valid, we 

believe that there is no essential conflict with storing spoil over or adjacent to Crosstex's or Transco's 

existing pipelines wherever its separation is greater than 10 feet. Given that procedures are available to 

Gulf South to locate existing pipelines, such as contacting the appropriate state One-Call system, we 

believe Gulf South would be able to safely install the proposed pipeline if a minimum verifiable distance 

is maintained. 
 2-8 

In addition to being feasible, efficient use of existing available workspace would reduce 

environmental impacts. This recommendation is consistent with the Commission's obligation to consult 

with other agencies and landowners to reduce overall environmental impacts. While we understand that 

Gulf South has negotiated easements early, they have done so at their own risk. 

Gulf South has not yet provided site-specific information for its construction rights-of-way 

that clearly demonstrates where along Crosstex's and Transco's rights-of-way it believes our 

recommended 10-foot-overlap would pose problems, as described in its May 25 and July 6 filings. 

Therefore, we recommend that: 

• Prior to construction, Gulf South file with the Secretary for review and written approval by 

the Director of OEP: 

a. revised alignment sheets and cross-section diagrams showing the use of at least 10 feet 

of Transco's and Crosstex's maintained permanent rights-of-way, for at least spoil 

storage, as part of its 100-foot-wide construction right-of-way; and 

b. site-specific justification by milepost for areas where Gulf South believes use of the 

existing maintained permanent right-of-way to be infeasible for spoil storage. 

Some segments of the proposed pipeline (major waterbody, road, and/or railway crossings) 

would be installed using horizontal directional drill (HDD) or bored crossings (see Section 2.3.2). 

Generally, these segments would only require the use of the permanent 60-foot-wide right-of-way; 

however, additional temporary workspaces (ATWS) would most likely be required because of the need 

for additional space to accommodate these construction techniques. 

In the Draft EIS, we recommended that Gulf South should file with the Secretary additional 

site-specific justification for the size of its proposed ATWS needed for two-tone construction. In its 

comments on the Draft EIS, Gulf South stated that they have revised the sizes of its proposed ATWS 

needed for two-tone construction to reflect widths of 50 feet instead of the previously indicated widths of 

70 feet. Gulf South believes that a 50-foot width is the minimum needed to provide for safe cut spoil 

storage in areas with steep side slopes and is consistent with the general side slope workspace 

requirements on Gulf South's other projects. We concur with this evaluation. See revised 

Figure 2.3.2.5-1 showing Gulf South's revised side slope construction limits. 
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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT FOR THE 

PROPOSED SOUTHEAST EXPANSIONPROJECT 

Docket No. CP07-032-000 

Page 2-9 

Figure 2.2.1-1 

Typical Right-of-Way in Uplands 

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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT FOR THE 

PROPOSED SOUTHEAST EXPANSIONPROJECT 

Docket No. CP07-032-000 

Page 2-10 

Figure 2.2.1-2 

Typical Right-of-Way in Wetlands 

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2.2.2 Aboveground Facilities 

In addition to land already required for use during construction of the proposed pipeline, 

construction of the proposed aboveground facilities would require the use of 146.2 acres for construction 

and 119.2 acres for operation, respectively (Table 2.2-1). The proposed aboveground facilities include 

three compressor stations, five M/R stations, eight mainline valves, one side valve, and two pig launcher/

receiver facilities (each of which are associated with MLVs). 

Construction of the Delhi, Harrisville, and Destin Compressor Stations would encumber 69.5, 

16.2, and 34.4 acres of land, respectively. Operation of the Delhi, Harrisville, and Destin Compressor 

Stations would encumber 69.5, 16.2, and 23.3 acres of land, respectively. The land within the fenced 

perimeter of the compressor station facilities would be occupied by buildings, piping, and other 

equipment. Portions of these sites may be paved, covered with gravel, or landscaped, depending on 

facility operations and maintenance requirements. Construction and operation land requirements of the 

CenterPoint, Southern Natural, Tennessee, Destin, and Transco M/R stations would be 0, 3.5, 3.2, 0, and 

13.9 acres, respectively. Operations will require 0, 0.9, 0.8, 0, and 8 acres, respectively. At the 

CenterPoint and Destin M/R stations, no additional land requirements are needed because construction 

and operation of both stations will be within the Delhi and Destin Compressor stations, respectively, and 

their land use impacts are included in the compressor stations' land values. 

The MLV sites would typically consist of a 50-foot by 50-foot fenced area installed within the 

confines of the permanent pipeline right-of-way. Construction and operation of all but two of the MLVs 

would not result in land requirements beyond those already noted for the permanent pipeline right-ofway. MLVs 1 and 8 would require additional permanent land requirements beyond those noted for the 

facility for operation. 

2.2.3 Other Work Areas 

In addition to the proposed land requirements associated with the aforementioned pipeline and 

aboveground facilities, land would also be required during construction and operation of the proposed 

Project for ATWSs, pipe storage and contractor yards, and access roads. These requirements are 

described below. Should these requirements change prior to or during construction, Gulf South would be 

required to file a variance request with the Secretary for review and approval prior to using or impacting 

new areas. 

2.2.3.1 Additional Temporary Work Space 

ATWSs would be required for construction at road crossings, railroad crossings, crossings of 

existing pipelines and utilities, stringing truck turnaround areas, wetland crossings, HDD entrance and 

exit pits, and open-cut waterbody crossings. These ATWSs would be located adjacent to the pipeline 

construction right-of-way and could be used for such things as spoil storage, staging, equipment 

movement, material stockpiles, and pull string assembly associated with HDD installation. Construction 

of the proposed Project would require 756 ATWSs, totaling 240.7 acres ranging in size from less than 

0.1 acre to 6.0 acres. ATWSs would be returned to their preconstruction condition and former usage 

following completion of construction activities. Additional information on ATWS areas is provided in 

Section 3.8. 

2.2.3.2 Pipe Storage and Contractor Yards 

Gulf South has proposed the use of three off-site pipe storage and contractor yards, each 

serving one of the three construction spreads (see Section 2.3.1). These facilities would consist of 
 2-12 

warehouses or open lots located in areas of existing commercial or industrial use. The pipe storage and 

contractor yard serving spread one occupies approximately 15 acres and is located 1.5 miles southwest of 

the Community of Terry in Hinds County, Mississippi. The pipe storage and contractor yard serving 

spread two occupies approximately 20 acres and is located west of the Community of Laurel within the 

Hesler-Nobel Airport complex in Jones County, Mississippi. The pipe storage and contractor yard 

serving spread three occupies approximately 6 acres and is located 0.3 mile southwest of the intersection 

of Interstate Highway 20 and State Highway 19 in Lauderdale County, Mississippi. Total land 

requirements for these facilities would be approximately 41.0 acres. The locations of the proposed pipe 

storage and contractor yards are identified on the facility location maps included as Appendix B-2 of this 

Final EIS. Gulf South proposed the use of the three new pipe pipe storage and contractor yards in their 

May 29, 2007, filing. The seven pipe storage and contractor yards mentioned in the Draft EIS would not 

be utilized. All pipe storage and contractor yards would be leased from willing landowners, and upon 

completion of construction activities would be returned to their preconstruction condition and former 

usage. 

2.2.3.3 Access Roads 

Gulf South would use existing public and private roads to the extent possible to facilitate 

equipment and material access along the proposed Project route. Gulf South has indicated that 

construction of the proposed pipeline and aboveground facilities would require the temporary use of 138 

existing access roads of varying lengths and construction. Gulf South reports that 47 of the 138 access 

roads would require upgrades to support construction-related traffic. Upgrades that could be required 

include grading, placement of gravel for stability, replacing or installing culverts, and clearing of 

overhead vegetation. Minor widening could also be required at sharp turns to facilitate passage by pipe 

trucks. Gulf South has not completed the detailed design plans for these access roads, but reports that 

improvement of existing access roads could require widening to as much as 15 feet in some locations. 

Gulf South estimated that construction of new access roads and modification of existing 

access roads would affect approximately 58.3 acres. Following construction, three access roads would be 

maintained and used to provide long-term access to aboveground facilities, affecting approximately 

7.0 acres. The remainder of the lands affected by disturbance at new or upgraded access roads would 

revert to preconstruction uses following construction. 

All new access roads would be routed through previously cleared or disturbed areas to the 

extent practicable. Additional information on access roads is provided in Section 3.8. 

2.3 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES 

The proposed pipeline facilities would be designed, constructed, operated, and maintained in 

accordance with the DOT regulations under 49 CFR Part 192, Transportation of Natural and Other Gas 

by Pipeline: Minimum Federal Safety Standards; and other applicable federal and state regulations. 

Among other design standards, these regulations specify pipeline material selection; minimum design 

requirements; protection from internal, external, and atmospheric corrosion; and qualification procedures 

for welders and operations personnel. More detailed safety information is provided in Section 3.12. In 

addition, Gulf South would comply with the siting and maintenance requirements in 18 CFR 380.15 and 

other applicable federal and state regulations. 

Upland construction of the proposed pipeline would be conducted using conventional open-cut 

methods as described below. The construction of the proposed pipeline through waterbodies and 

wetlands, as well as other specialized construction procedures, is described in Section 2.3.2. 
 2-13 

2.3.1 General Pipeline Construction Procedures 

Conventional open-cut pipeline construction has been characterized as a moving assembly line 

with a construction spread (crew and equipment) proceeding along the construction right-of-way in a 

continuous operation, as depicted in Figure 2.3.1-1. Gulf South proposes to use three individual 

construction spreads to complete installation of the proposed pipeline. 

Right-of-Way Survey and Fence Crossings 

After right-of-way easements have been obtained, the pipeline centerline, construction 

right-of-way, and ATWSs would be surveyed and staked. Gulf South would contact the appropriate state 

One-Call system so that existing underground utilities could be located, identified, and flagged to prevent 

accidental damage during pipeline construction. Other sensitive resources, such as wetland boundaries, 

cultural resources, and any areas of protected species habitat, would also be marked. 

Where fences are encountered along the construction right-of-way, a fence crew would install 

temporary fences to confine livestock to existing areas off the right-of-way and to prohibit or otherwise 

control public access across the right-of-way. This work would include installing new posts to brace the 

areas on either side of the proposed cut to avoid damage to the existing fence or wall. Temporary gates 

would be installed as necessary. 

Clearing and Grading 

The construction right-of-way and ATWSs would be cleared and graded, where necessary, to 

provide a relatively level surface for trench-excavating equipment and the movement of other 

construction equipment. Brush, trees, roots, and other obstructions, such as large rocks, would be cleared 

from all construction work areas. Where appropriate, stumps would be cut flush with the ground and left 

in place. Gulf South indicates that marketable timber could be cut and stacked at the edge of the right-ofway for landowner use or recovery of timber value. Tree stumps would be removed from within the 

permanent right-of-way. Cleared woody debris would be burned (in accordance with state and local 

burning requirements), chipped (except in wetlands), or distributed over the disturbed area as mulch or 

transported off-site to an appropriate disposal facility. As necessary, topsoil would be stripped and 

segregated in residential areas, actively cultivated or rotated croplands, pastures, hayfields, and other 

areas where requested by a land management agency or landowner as depicted in Figure 2.3.1-2. Topsoil 

would be removed to its actual depth, up to a maximum depth of 12 inches, and stockpiled separately 

from the subsoil excavated from the pipeline trench. Typically, topsoil would be stripped from directly 

over the pipeline ditch and the adjacent subsoil spoil storage area (i.e., ditch plus spoil method), but 

landowners would be provided with the option of topsoil segregation across the full construction work 

area. Additional information on topsoil segregation is provided in Section 3.2. 

To contain disturbed soils during clearing and grading in upland areas and to minimize erosion 

and sedimentation of wetlands and waterbodies, temporary erosion controls would be installed 

immediately after initial disturbance of soils and would be maintained throughout construction. 
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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT FOR THE 

PROPOSED SOUTHEAST EXPANSIONPROJECT 

Docket No. CP07-032-000 

Page 2-14 

Figure 2.3.1-1 

Typical Pipeline Construction Sequence 

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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT FOR THE 

PROPOSED SOUTHEAST EXPANSIONPROJECT 

Docket No. CP07-032-000 

Page 2-15 

Figure 2.3.1-2 

Typical Right-Of-Way in Agriculture 

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 2-16 

Trenching 

Before beginning excavation, Gulf South would contact the appropriate state One-Call system 

so that existing underground utilities could be located, identified, and flagged. A trench then would be 

excavated using a trenching machine or backhoe-type equipment. Excavated materials would typically be 

stored on the non-working side of the trench (Figure 2.2.1-1). 

Temporary trench plugs (or barriers) would be used to create segments within the open trench 

to reduce erosion and allow access across the trench. Trench plugs typically would consist of either 

compacted subsoil or sandbags placed across the ditch (soft plugs) or short, unexcavated portions of 

trench (hard plugs). Trench dewatering also may be required along portions of the route. 

The trench would be excavated to a depth that would allow space for the pipeline, pipeline 

bedding, and the minimum amount of top cover required by DOT specifications. The trench typically 

would be excavated to a depth of 7 feet to enable the proposed pipeline to be installed at a minimum 

depth of 3 feet (measured from the top of the pipeline) below the ground surface. The depth of the 

pipeline would vary and would range from these minimum depth requirements to that depth required for 

safe crossing of a feature such as a road, highway, railroad, or waterbody. At crossings of utilities or 

foreign pipelines, the proposed pipeline would also generally be installed at a greater depth to provide for 

a minimum clearance of 12 inches, or the depth that may be required by state or local regulations, 

whichever provides greater protection. 

Areas of bedrock that might be encountered along the proposed Project route should be easily 

workable with standard construction equipment and techniques, and Gulf South does not anticipate the 

need for blasting associated with trench excavation 

Pipe Stringing, Bending, and Welding 

Sections of pipe up to 80 feet long would be delivered to the job site and temporarily placed or 

"strung" along the excavated pipeline trench where they would be bent as necessary to follow the natural 

grade and direction changes of the right-of-way. Following stringing and bending, the ends of the 

pipeline would be carefully aligned and welded together. The welds would be visually and 

radiographically (i.e., x-ray) inspected to ensure structural integrity. Those welds that do not meet 

established specifications would be repaired or replaced. 

An external coating would cover and protect the delivered pipeline sections. Following 

welding, the previously uncoated ends of the pipe at all joints would be coated with material compatible 

with a factory-applied coating, as applicable, in preparation for installation. The coating on the remainder 

of the completed pipe section would be inspected for defects, and repairs would be made to any damaged 

areas prior to lowering the pipe into the trench. At some locations, it may be necessary to provide 

negative buoyancy in the form of concrete weights, a concrete coating, pipe sacks, and/or soil anchors. In 

addition, Gulf South has indicated that the pipeline would be internally coated. 

Lowering-in and Backfilling 

Prior to lowering the pipeline, the trench would be cleaned of debris and foreign material and 

would be dewatered as necessary. Trench dewatering, which would entail pumping accumulated 

groundwater or rainwater from the trench to stable upland areas, would be performed in accordance with 

applicable local, state, and federal permitting requirements. In areas of rock, the bottom of the trench 

may be padded with sand, gravel, screened soils, sandbags, or support pillows to protect the pipe coating. 

However, topsoil would not be used as padding material. The pipeline then would be lowered into the 
 2-17 

trench by appropriately spaced sideboom tractors working in unison to avoid buckling of the pipe. 

Trench breakers would be installed at regular intervals where appropriate to prevent subsurface erosion 

and flow of water between the trench and crossed waterbodies, wetlands, and near-surface groundwater. 

After the pipeline is lowered into the trench and adequately protected, previously excavated 

materials would be used to backfill the trench. Any excess excavated materials or materials deemed 

unsuitable for backfill would be evenly spread over the right-of-way or disposed of in accordance with 

applicable regulations and landowner requirements. Backfilling over the trenchline would occur to 

approximately 6 inches above the original elevation to accommodate future soil settlement. 

Hydrostatic Testing 

Once installation and backfilling are completed and before the proposed Project begins 

operation, the pipeline would be hydrostatically pressure-tested in accordance with DOT safety standards 

(49 CFR Part 192) to verify its integrity and to ensure its ability to withstand the MAOP. Hydrostatic 

testing consists of installing a hydrostatic test cap and manifold, filling the pipeline with water, 

pressurizing the pipeline to its MAOP, and maintaining that test pressure for a specified period of time. 

Any leaks detected during the test would be repaired and the pipeline would be re-tested. 

Water used for hydrostatic testing would be obtained from surface water sources and 

municipal supplies, and no biocides or other hydrostatic test water additives would be added to the test 

water. After hydrostatic testing is completed, the test water either would be pumped to the next segment 

of pipeline to be tested or would be discharged. Additional information on hydrostatic testing is provided 

in Section 3.3. 

Once a segment of pipe has been successfully tested, it would be cleaned and dried using 

mechanical tools (pigs) moved through the pipeline with pressurized, dry air. The hydrostatic test cap and 

manifold then would be removed and the pipe would be connected to the remainder of the pipeline using 

the welding and inspection procedures describe above. 

Cleanup and Restoration 

Within 20 days (or as soon as possible) of completing the backfilling of the trench, all 

remaining trash, debris, surplus materials, and temporary structures would be removed from the right-ofway and disposed of in accordance with applicable federal, state, and local regulations. All disturbed 

areas would be finish-graded and restored as closely as possible to preconstruction contours. Permanent 

erosion control measures also would be installed. Topsoil previously segregated from the subsoil material 

in all agricultural and residential areas would be spread uniformly across the construction right-of-way, 

and the topsoil and subsoil in these areas would be tested for compaction along the disturbed corridor. 

Vegetation restoration would begin within six days of final grading. After the soil is readied 

for planting or seeding in areas where Gulf South and landowners have negotiated agreements, Gulf 

South would reseed or replant according to those agreements. To provide permanent erosion control 

along the right-of-way, all other upland areas disturbed by construction would be fertilized, limed, and 

seeded in accordance with the prescribed dates and seed mixes specified by the local soil conservation 

authorities or land management agencies. Wetland areas would not be fertilized, limed, or mulched 

unless Gulf South is directed to do so by state or local regulatory agencies. 

Disturbed pavement and other road surfaces along access roads would be restored to 

preconstruction or better conditions, unless otherwise specified by the property owner and approved by 

applicable regulatory agencies. Likewise, any private or public property damaged during construction, 
 2-18 

such as fences, gates, and driveways, would also be restored to original or better condition consistent with 

individual landowner agreements. 

Pipeline markers and/or warning signs would be installed along the pipeline centerline at 

specified intervals to identify the pipeline location, specify Gulf South as the operator of the pipeline, and 

provide telephone numbers for emergencies and inquiries. 

Minimization Measures 

To minimize construction-related effects, Gulf South proposes to implement its Upland 

Erosion Control, Revegetation, and Maintenance Plan (Plan) and its Wetland and Waterbody 

Construction and Mitigation Procedures (Procedures) as described in Section 3.4. With the exception of 

a few alternative measures listed in Table 3.4.2.2-1, Gulf South's proposed Plan and Procedures are 

consistent with our guidance documents of the same name. The FERC Plan and Procedures are available 

for review on the FERC Internet website at www.ferc.gov/industries/gas/enviro/guidelines. The intent of 

Gulf South's Plan is to outline baseline mitigation measures that minimize erosion and enhance 

revegetation in upland areas. The major components of this Plan are described in Section 3.2. The intent 

of Gulf South's Procedures is to outline baseline mitigation measures that minimize the extent and 

duration of construction-related disturbances to wetlands and waterbodies. The major components of 

these Procedures are described in Sections 3.3 and 3.4. 

Gulf South has also developed several Project-specific plans to avoid or minimize 

environmental impacts during construction. Gulf South has prepared a general Spill Prevention, 

Containment, and Control (SPCC) plan, which describes the management of hazardous materials, such as 

fuels, lubricants, and coolants that would be used during construction. Site-specific plans would be 

developed for each construction spread once the construction contractors have been selected. Gulf South 

developed a Plan for the Unanticipated Discovery of Contaminated Environmental Media that would be 

used in the event contaminated soils are identified during construction activities. Gulf South has also 

developed a Plan for the Containment of Inadvertent Release of Drilling Mud During Horizontal 

Directional Drilled Wetland and Waterbody Crossings (HDD plan) that describes the procedures that 

would be implemented to monitor for, contain, and clean up any inadvertent releases of drilling fluid 

during HDD operations. The HDD plan also includes the directional drilling contingency plan (DDC 

plan). Additionally, Gulf South has developed a Plan for the Unanticipated Discovery of Historic 

Properties, Human Remains or Potential Paleontological Evidence During Construction that would 

guide the treatment of any unanticipated discoveries of cultural resources or human remains during 

construction (see Section 3.10). Gulf South is also developing a Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan 

(SWPPP), but this plan is not yet complete. These plans can be viewed on the internet using our 

eLibrary, which is found at www.ferc.gov. 

2.3.2 Specialized Pipeline Construction Procedures 

2.3.2.1 Waterbody Crossings 

A total of 308 waterbodies would be crossed by the proposed Project. Gulf South proposes to 

use either open-cut or HDD techniques for all of these crossings as described below. Construction of the 

proposed pipeline across these waterbodies would be accomplished in accordance with Gulf South's 

Procedures and all applicable permits. 
 2-19 

Open-cut Crossing 

An open-cut waterbody crossing would be conducted using methods similar to conventional 

open-cut trenching. The open-cut construction method would involve excavation of the pipeline trench 

across the waterbody, installation of a prefabricated segment of pipeline, and backfilling of the trench 

with native material. Excavation and backfilling of the trench would be accomplished using backhoes or 

other excavation equipment operating from one or both banks of the waterbody. The use of equipment 

operating in the waterbody would be limited to that needed for construction of the crossing. All other 

construction equipment would cross the waterbody using equipment bridges. 

During construction, Gulf South would implement mitigation measures to minimize impacts 

to the aquatic environment, as described in its Procedures. Construction would be scheduled so that the 

trench would be excavated immediately prior to pipelaying activities. The duration of construction across 

minor waterbodies would be limited to 24 hours for minor waterbodies (10 feet wide or less) and 48 hours 

for intermediate waterbodies (greater than 10 feet wide but less than or equal to 100 feet in width). In 

accordance with its Procedures, excavated spoil would be stockpiled in the construction right-of-way at 

least 10 feet from the stream bank or in approved additional work areas, and would be surrounded by 

sediment control devices to prevent sediment from returning to the waterbody. The waterbody banks 

would be returned to as near preconstruction conditions as possible within 24 hours of completing all 

open-cut crossings. 

Horizontal Directional Drill 

The HDD method is a trenchless crossing method that may be used to avoid direct impacts to 

sensitive resources such as waterbodies, wetlands, and infrastructure (e.g., roads, railways, etc.) by 

directionally drilling beneath them. HDD installation on the proposed Project would result in a pipeline 

that is installed beneath the ground surface by pulling the pipeline through a pre-drilled bore hole. HDD 

installation is typically carried out in three stages: (1) directional drilling of a small-diameter pilot hole; 

(2) enlarging the pilot hole to a sufficient diameter to accommodate the pipeline; and (3) pulling the 

prefabricated pipeline, or pull string, into the enlarged bore hole. Figure 2.3.2-1 illustrates a typical HDD 

installation process. 

The pilot hole (i.e., approximately 12 inches in diameter depending on drill head and soil 

characteristics) would be drilled along a predetermined HDD bore. The drill head for the pilot hole would 

have a down-hole, hydraulic, motor-powered drill bit attached to the drill string (pipe connecting the drill 

rig to the drill head). The hydraulic motor would convert hydraulic energy from drilling fluid, or drilling 

mud, pumped from the surface to mechanical energy at the drill head, allowing for bit rotation without 

drill string rotation. Drill string would be added as the pilot hole progressed. 

Gulf South proposes to use hand-laid electric-grid guide wires to assist guidance of the drill 

bit along the proposed route. A small pathway approximately 2 to 3 feet wide may be cut using hand 

tools in heavily vegetated areas such as wetlands in order to position these guide wires, resulting in 

minimal ground disturbance. No large trees would be cut as part of this process. The path of the drill 

head would be controlled using an electromagnetic steering tool positioned on the tip of the drill bit and 

would follow the electromagnetic field created by the guide wires. Additionally, drill bit positioning 

sensors may help guide the path of the drill. 
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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT FOR THE 

PROPOSED SOUTHEAST EXPANSIONPROJECT 

Docket No. CP07-032-000 

Page 2-20 

Figure 2.3.2-1 

Typical HDD Installation Process 

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 2-21 

After completion of the pilot hole, the HDD bore would be progressively reamed to a diameter 

about 12 inches larger than the pipeline diameter. Drilling fluid would be pumped through the reaming 

tools to aid in cutting, support the bore hole, transport spoil back to the surface, and lubricate the trailing 

pipe. Upon completion of drilling and reaming, the drill string would extend from the entrance pit to the 

exit pit. Concurrent with reaming the bore, the pull string to be inserted in the HDD bore would be 

fabricated and laid out within the construction right-of-way or ATWS extending from the HDD exit pit. 

The pull string would be connected to the drill string and pulled back through the bore. The pipeline 

would be neutrally buoyant in the drilling fluid, allowing it to be pulled through the HDD bore hole. 

Drilling fluid circulated through the bore during the pilot hole drilling and reaming process 

would be collected at the surface and processed to remove spoils, allowing the fluid to be reused. Excess 

spoils and drilling fluid would be treated for disposal and disposed of at an approved location in 

accordance with regulatory requirements, agreements, and permit conditions. The proposed HDD drilling 

fluid would consist of water and bentonite. Bentonite is a mixture of non-toxic clays and rock particles 

consisting of about 85 percent montmorillonite clay, 10 percent quartz and feldspars, and 5 percent 

accessory materials, such as calcite and gypsum. 

A successful HDD would result in little or no impact to the waterbody being crossed. The 

HDD method is not without risk, however, as inadvertent drilling fluid releases could result if the fluid 

escapes containment at pits that would be excavated at the HDD entrance and exit points or if a "frac-out" 

occurs. A frac-out occurs when drilling fluids escape the drill bore hole and are forced through the 

subsurface substrate to the ground surface. Frac-outs occur most often in highly permeable soils during 

the entrance and exit phases of the pilot hole drill, as this is when the greatest pressures are exerted on the 

bore walls in shallow soils. Drilling fluid pressures in the bore hole and drilling fluid pumping and return 

flow rates would be monitored to detect the potential occurrence of a frac-out. If survey and monitoring 

procedures indicate that a frac-out may have occurred, Gulf South would implement the corrective 

measures identified in its HDD Plan. If a frac-out does occur, Gulf South would immediately notify 

public agencies specified in its HDD Plan to determine a course of action, whether it be modification of 

drilling fluid parameters or complete suspension of drilling operations. These corrective measures would 

be affected to minimize or prevent further releases. Any surfaced (land) drilling fluids would be 

contained, clean-up procedures would commence, and the appropriate agencies would be notified. A 

discussion of the potential impacts of HDD on waterbodies and wetlands is provided in Sections 3.3 and 

3.4. 

In the event that Gulf South's attempted HDD fails, Gulf South would use its contingency 

procedures outlined in its HDD Plan for filling abandoned holes, relocating a new drill hole, reattempting 

the new HDD, or adopting an alternative crossing method. Gulf South would consult with appropriate 

regulatory agencies and submit the selection of any alternative crossing method to the FERC. 

Gulf South proposes to use 14 separate HDD crossings to accomplish pipeline installation 

across 29 waterbodies, including five major waterbodies (greater than 100 feet in width), and two 

Nationwide Rivers Inventory (NRI) listed streams, the Strong River and the Chickasawhay River (Table 

2.3.2.1-1). Section 3.3 and Appendix D identify and describe the waterbodies that would be crossed 

using HDD techniques. In addition to waterbodies, Gulf South proposes to cross 16 wetlands and five 

roadways via HDD methods. 
 2-22 

TABLE 2.3.2.1-1 

Proposed Horizontal Directional Drill Locations for the 

Proposed Southeast Expansion Project

Milepost 

Drill Location Begin End 

Length 

(feet) 

U.S. Hwy. 49 and Dabbs Creek 12.3 12.8 2,400 

Campbell's Creek/Campbell's Road 15.9 16.2 1,600 

Strong River and Highway 13 17.9 18.4 2,525 

Oakohay Creek/Beaver Creek 34.1 34.7 3,500 

Leaf River 44.0 44.3 1,600 

West Tallahala River 45.2 45.5 1,600 

Tallahoma Creek 55.8 56.2 2,200 

Tallahala Creek 62.4 62.7 1,600 

Interstate 59 and County Road 8 69.3 69.7 1,800 

Shubuta Creek 82.5 82.8 1,600 

Chickasawhay River 89.0 89.5 2,300 

County Road 613 94.7 95.1 2,100 

Bucatunna Creek 100.3 100.6 1,600 

Okatuppa Creek 107.2 107.5 1,600 

2.3.2.2 Wetland Crossings 

Construction of the proposed Project pipeline across wetlands would be conducted in 

accordance with applicable permits and Gulf South's Procedures. Overall, the wetland crossing methods 

and mitigation measures identified in its Procedures are designed to minimize the extent and duration of 

construction-related disturbance within wetlands. Construction methods in wetlands would consist of the 

conventional lay method, push-float method, or HDD. Other than planned HDDs, the site-specific 

crossing procedures used to install the pipeline across wetlands would be determined based on conditions 

at the time of construction and would vary dependent on the level of soil stability and saturation 

encountered during construction. 

The construction right-of-way width through wetland areas would be reduced to 75 feet. 

Within the right-of-way, woody vegetation would be removed or cut off at ground level and would be 

removed from the wetlands, leaving the root systems intact. Pulling of tree stumps and grading activities 

would be limited to that area directly over the trenchline, unless it was determined that safety-related 

construction constraints required grading or removal of tree stumps from under the working side of the 

construction right-of-way. Temporary erosion control devices would be installed as necessary 

immediately after initial disturbance of wetlands or adjacent upland areas to prevent sediment flow into 

wetlands, and would be maintained until revegetation is complete. Trench plugs would be installed as 

necessary to maintain wetland hydrology. 

The construction equipment operating in wetland areas would be limited to that needed to 

clear the construction right-of-way, dig the trench, fabricate and install the pipeline, backfill the trench, 

and restore the construction right-of-way. If standing water or saturated soil conditions were present, or if 

construction equipment caused ruts or mixing of the topsoil and subsoil, construction equipment 

operating in wetland areas would be further limited to the use of low-ground-pressure equipment or 

normal equipment operating from timber riprap or prefabricated equipment mats. 
 2-23 

Topsoil would be stripped from the area directly over the trench line to a maximum depth of 

12 inches in unsaturated soils and would be stockpiled separately from the subsoil where practicable. The 

segregated topsoil would be restored to its original location immediately following installation of the pipe 

and backfill of the trench. Materials such as timber mats placed in wetlands during construction would be 

removed during final cleanup, and the preconstruction contours of the wetland would be restored. Any 

required permanent erosion control measures would then be installed, and disturbed areas within the 

wetland would be temporarily stabilized with appropriate vegetation to protect the wetland soils from 

erosion. 

The wetlands that would be affected by construction of the proposed Project are described in 

Section 3.4. That section also provides further discussion of the wetland restoration and mitigation 

procedures that would be implemented by Gulf South. 

2.3.2.3 Road, Highway, and Railroad Crossings 

The proposed pipeline would cross numerous paved and unpaved roads, highways, and 

railroads along the proposed Project route. Construction across these features would be accomplished in 

accordance with Gulf South's Plan and the requirements of all applicable crossing permits and approvals. 

During roadway construction, Gulf South would incorporate any safety precautions required by state and 

local transportation agencies. 

All railroads and approximately 91 major highways and paved roads would be crossed using 

HDD or subsurface boring techniques. The HDD crossing method, as described in detail in Section 

2.3.2.1, would be used at Interstates 49 and 59, Mississippi Highway 13, and County Roads 8 and 613. 

Bores beneath roads and railways would entail excavating pits on both sides of the feature and boring a 

horizontal hole equal to the diameter of the pipe (or casing, if required) at the depth of the pipeline 

installation. The pipeline section and/or casing then would be pushed through the bore. If additional 

pipeline sections were required, they would be welded to the first section of the pipeline in the bore pit 

before being pushed through the bore. There would likely be little disruption of traffic on roads and 

railways that are bored. Section 3.8 provides additional information on the proposed major road crossing 

locations. 

Pipeline crossings of lightly traveled and unimproved rural dirt roads typically would be 

crossed via open-cut installation. Such crossings would require the temporary closure of these roads and 

implementation of detours where feasible. In the absence of a reasonable detour, construction across the 

roadway would be staged to allow at least one lane of traffic to remain open except for the limited periods 

required for installing the pipeline. Efforts would be made to schedule lane closures outside of peak 

traffic periods. Attempts would also be made to avoid peak-traffic periods on all road construction. All 

construction operations at these crossings, including repair and surface restoration, would typically be 

completed within one day. 

2.3.2.4 Agricultural Areas 

Agricultural areas along the proposed Project route include pasture areas used for livestock 

grazing, hayfields, fallow fields, and rotated croplands such as cotton and corn. In these areas, Gulf South 

would implement special procedures to minimize impacts on current agricultural uses. Unless the 

landowner or land management agency specifically approves otherwise, topsoil would be removed to its 

actual depth, up to a maximum of 12 inches, and would be stockpiled separately from the subsoil 

excavated from the pipeline trench. Typically, topsoil would be stripped from directly over the pipeline 

ditch and the adjacent subsoil spoil storage area, but landowners would be provided with the option of 
 2-24 

topsoil segregation across the full width of the construction work area. During construction, the natural 

flow patterns of all fields would be maintained by providing breaks in topsoil and subsoil stockpiles. 

During cleanup and restoration, all disturbed areas would be finish-graded and restored as 

closely as possible to preconstruction contours. Topsoil previously segregated from the trench material in 

all agricultural areas would be spread uniformly across the construction right-of-way, and any stones or 

excess rock would be removed from at least the top 12 inches of soil. The topsoil and subsoil in all 

agricultural and residential areas also would be tested for compaction at regular intervals using 

penetrometers or other appropriate devices to conduct tests. Any severely compacted areas would be 

plowed with a paraplow or other deep tillage device. In areas where the topsoil was segregated, the 

subsoil also would be plowed before replacing the segregated topsoil. 

Gulf South stated that the proposed Project would not cross any known drainage structures or 

irrigation facilities. Gulf South's plans require working with property owners to identify locations of 

existing drainage structures and irrigation facilities that could be damaged during construction. Should 

any damage occur to these facilities, Gulf South would repair these systems with the input of the property 

owners. Gulf South also would work with landowners during easement negotiations to establish 

compensation agreements for crop damages and for loss of growing time, as applicable. Additional 

information on special procedures used in agricultural areas is presented in Sections 3.2 and 3.8. 

2.3.2.5 Rugged Topography 

The proposed Project would not involve construction in areas of excessively rugged 

topography, such as mountains or canyons. However, some portions of the proposed Project route would 

traverse areas of side slopes and rolling terrain that could require specialized "two-tone" construction 

techniques to provide for safe working conditions. Under the two-tone construction technique, the uphill 

side of the construction right-of-way would be cut during grading. The material removed from the cut 

would be used to fill the downhill side of the construction right-of-way to provide a safe and level surface 

from which to operate heavy equipment. The pipeline trench would then be excavated along the newly 

graded right-of-way. Figure 2.3.2.5-1 provides a typical cross-section of the two-tone construction 

technique. The areas along the proposed Project that likely would be affected by two-tone construction 

techniques are listed in Table 2.3.2.5-1. 
 2-25 

TABLE 2.3.2.5-1 

Areas That Would Be Affected by Two-Tone Construction Techniques 

for the Proposed Southeast Expansion Project 

Milepost 

Length Affected 

(feet) 

Additional Workspace 

Requirement 

0.0-0.9 1,565 45 to 50-foot-wide ATWS 

3.2-3.5 2,730 50-foot wide ATWS 

3.9-4.6 3,370 45-foot-wide ATWS 

6.2-6.8 2,583 45-foot-wide ATWS 

8.7-8.9 1,470 50-foot-wide ATWS 

20.3-22.9 6,685 45 to 50-foot-wide ATWS 

29.5-29.7 1,010 50-foot-wide ATWS 

75.5 970 50-foot-wide ATWS 

77.1-78.5 4,180 50-foot-wide ATWS 

90.9-93.8 6,645 50-foot wide ATWS 

95.7-96.9 4,540 50-foot wide ATWS 

98.1-99.8 4,360 50-foot wide ATWS 

100.9 420 50-foot wide ATWS 

102.2-102.6 2,085 50-foot wide ATWS 

103.4-107.1 11,380 50-foot wide ATWS 

108.2-110.6 6,995 50-foot wide ATWS 

Total 60,988 
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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT FOR THE 

PROPOSED SOUTHEAST EXPANSIONPROJECT 

Docket No. CP07-032-000 

Page 2-26 

Figure 2.3.2.5-1 

Typical Side Slope Workspace Construction Area 

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 2-27 

The two-tone construction technique would likely require ATWSs to accommodate the 

additional volumes of fill material generated by this technique (see Section 3.8). Following our 

recommendation in the Draft FEIS for Gulf South to reduce the sizes of ATWSs originally proposed for 

two-tone construction, Gulf South filed information to our staff that it would limit the size of ATWSs to 

50 feet, where they originally proposed 70 feet. Following pipeline installation and backfill of the trench, 

excavated material would be placed back in the cut and compacted to restore the approximate original 

contours. All disturbed areas would then be stabilized in accordance with Gulf South's Plan. 

2.3.2.6 Residential Areas 

Gulf South proposes to complete construction activities near residences as quickly as possible 

to minimize construction-related disturbances. Open access to residences would be maintained to the 

extent possible, and coordination with landowners would be conducted to minimize inconvenience 

regarding possible temporary loss of utility service or to address special landscaping issues. Safety 

fencing would also be used to prevent pedestrian access to the construction site. Gulf South has 

developed construction measures for all residences within 50 feet of the construction ROW, and sitespecific construction plans for residences located within 25 feet of the construction right-of-way. 

Additionally, a site-specific plan for construction in the vicinity of the daycare facility has 

been provided to the Commission. The daycare facility at MP 70.7 is located greater than 200 feet 

northwest of the nearest point (adjacent to the east side of County Road 8) of the construction work area. 

At that location, a tree line exists between the daycare facility and the construction work area and the tree 

line extends from County Road 8 to Gulf South's construction right-of-way. This tree line creates a 

natural barrier between construction activities and the daycare facility. In addition, Gulf South would 

install and maintain safety fencing on both sides of the active construction right-of-way extending 

200 feet on each side of both County Road 8 and County Road 828. Safety fencing would be installed for 

a length of approximately 450 feet along the north side of Gulf South's right-of-way between County 

Road 8 and County Road 828 as an added measure of protection for the daycare facility. 

Section 3.11 provides additional information on noise abatement and emission control 

technology. As necessary, disturbed or interrupted electrical, domestic water and septic, and 

communications utilities would be installed. 

2.3.2.7 Utility Crossings 

The proposed Project would cross Transco and Crosstex pipelines at 12 locations. Table 

2.3.2.7-1 lists the approximate milepost and pipeline owner at each location. 

Foreign pipelines will be crossed using subsurface boring techniques that would allow for a 

minimum clearance of 12 inches or the depth that may be required by state or local regulations, whichever 

provides greater protection. Bores beneath foreign pipelines would entail excavating pits on both sides of 

the feature and boring a horizontal hole equal to the diameter of the pipe (or casing, if required) at the 

depth of the pipeline installation. The pipeline section and/or casing then would be pushed through the 

bore. If additional pipeline sections were required, they would be welded to the first section of the 

pipeline in the bore pit before being pushed through the bore. 
 2-28 

TABLE 2.3.2.7-1 

Foreign Pipeline Crossings for the Proposed 

Southeast Expansion Project 

MP Pipeline Owner 

49.38 Crosstex 

49.56 Crosstex 

51.29 Crosstex 

51.58 Crosstex 

66.21 Crosstex 

74.69 Crosstex 

75.18 Crosstex 

76.15 Crosstex 

77.34 Crosstex 

82.06 Transco 

87.56 Transco 

89.67 Transco 

2.3.3 Aboveground Facilities Construction Procedures 

The aboveground facilities would be constructed concurrent with pipeline installation, but 

construction would be conducted by special fabrication crews generally working separately from the 

pipeline construction spreads. 

Construction of the compressor stations would involve clearing, grading, and compacting the 

sites to the surveyed elevations, where necessary, for placement of concrete foundations for buildings and 

to support skid-mounted equipment. Prefabricated segments of pipe, valves, fittings, and flanges would 

be shop- or site-welded and assembled at the compressor station site. The compressor units and other 

large equipment would be mounted on their respective foundations, and the compressor enclosures would 

be erected around them. Noise abatement equipment (including sound-attenuating enclosures around the 

turbines, exhaust stack silencers, and air inlet silencers) and emission control technology would be 

installed as needed to meet applicable federal, state, and/or local standards. Section 3.11 provides 

additional information on noise abatement and emission control technology. As necessary, electrical, 

domestic water and septic, and communications utilities would be installed. 

Facility piping, both above and below ground, would be installed and hydrostatically tested 

before being placed in service. Controls and safety devices, such as the emergency shutdown system, 

relief valves, gas and fire detection facilities, and other protection and safety devices, would also be 

checked and tested. Upon completion of construction, all disturbed areas associated with the 

aboveground facilities would be finish-graded and seeded or covered with gravel, as appropriate. All 

roads and parking areas would be graveled. Additionally, the compressor station sites would be fenced 

for security and protection. 

Construction of M/R stations, mainline valves, and pig launcher/receiver facilities not 

collocated with the compressor stations would generally be similar to that described above for compressor 
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station sites, and would entail site clearing and grading, installation and erection of facilities, hydrostatic 

pressure testing, cleanup and stabilization, and installation of security fencing around the facilities. 

2.4 CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE 

Gulf South proposes to commence construction of the Southeast Expansion Project on 

September 1, 2007, assuming that the FERC has granted approval by July of 2007. The facilities, 

including installation of the proposed pipeline, compressor stations, and associated ancillary facilities, 

then would be completed in approximately four months and would be in service by December 31, 2007. 

The actual start date of construction, if the proposed Project is certificated, would depend on the 

Commission's environmental review process. 

2.5 ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING AND MONITORING 

Gulf South has indicated that it would conduct environmental training for all company and 

construction contractor personnel prior to and during construction activities. Such training would focus 

on implementation of Gulf South's Plan and Procedures, but would also address Project-specific permit 

requirements, company policy and commitments, any protection procedures and restrictions associated 

with cultural resources or sensitive species/habitats, and any other pertinent job-related information.

During Project construction, environmental inspectors (EIs) would be responsible for 

monitoring and ensuring compliance with all environmental mitigation measures required by the FERC 

Certificate, if granted, and Gulf South's plans and Procedures as modified in this EIS (see Section 3.4). 

The EIs would have the authority to stop activities that violate the environmental conditions of these 

authorizations, state and federal environmental permit conditions, or landowner requirements, and order 

appropriate corrective actions if needed. Gulf South has indicated that it would be represented by at least 

one EI per construction spread, consistent with FERC's Plan. However, Gulf South's plans also indicate 

that the number and experience of EIs assigned to each construction spread should be appropriate for the 

length of the construction spread and the number/significance of resources affected. If the proposed 

Project were authorized, Gulf South would be required to develop and submit an Implementation Plan for 

our approval prior to construction. During our review of the Implementation Plan, we would consider the 

absolute number and qualifications of the EI personnel proposed by Gulf South. 

Gulf South has indicated that it is willing to use a third-party monitoring program, consistent 

with other approved programs previously used by the Commission to ensure adequate oversight during 

construction. 

Gulf South established an Internet website (http://www.gulfsouthpl.com/sefactsheet.asp), tollfree telephone number (1-877-972-8533), and e-mail address (southeastexpansionproject@

gulfsouthpl.com) to provide potentially affected landowners and stakeholders with a venue for providing 

comments or requesting additional information about the proposed Project. 

2.6 OPERATION, MAINTENANCE, AND SAFETY CONTROLS 

As described previously, the proposed pipeline and aboveground facilities would be designed, 

constructed, operated, and maintained to meet or exceed all safety standards as set forth in the DOT's 

Transportation of Natural and Other Gas By Pipeline: Minimum Federal Safety Standards (49 CFR 

Part 192). 

The pipeline would be constructed of welded carbon steel that meets or exceeds industry 

standards and would be covered with a protective coating to minimize rust and corrosion. To protect 
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against damage from external forces, the proposed pipeline would be buried at a minimum depth of 3 feet 

below ground. All welds joining each section of pipe would be visually inspected and x-rayed to ensure 

the integrity of the welds. Prior to being placed in service, the pipeline would be hydrostatically tested to 

verify its integrity and to ensure its ability to withstand the designed MAOP. A cathodic protection 

system would be installed to protect all underground pipeline facilities constructed of metallic materials 

from external, internal, and atmospheric corrosion. Additional information regarding safety standards is 

described further in Section 3.12. 

During operations, Gulf South would conduct regular patrols of the pipeline right-of-way in 

accordance with the requirements of 49 CFR Part 192. The patrol program would include periodic aerial, 

vehicle, and/or pedestrian patrols of the pipeline facilities. These patrols would be conducted to survey 

surface conditions on and adjacent to the pipeline right-of-way for evidence of leaks, unauthorized 

excavation activities, erosion and wash-out areas, areas of sparse vegetation, damage to permanent 

erosion control devices, exposed pipe, and other conditions that might affect the safety or operation of the 

pipeline. The cathodic protection system would also be inspected periodically to ensure that it is 

functioning properly. In addition, intelligent pigs would regularly be sent through the pipeline to check 

for corrosion and irregularities in the pipe. Gulf South would keep detailed records of all inspections and 

supplement the corrosion protection system as necessary to meet the requirements of 49 CFR Part 192. 

Routine operation and maintenance would also be performed at all aboveground facilities by 

qualified personnel. Safety equipment, such as pressure relief devices, fire detection and suppression 

systems, and gas detection systems would be maintained throughout the life of each facility. Mainline 

valves also would be inspected, serviced, and tested to ensure proper functioning. 

Gulf South would establish and maintain a liaison with the appropriate fire, police, and public 

officials. This program would identify the available resources and responsibilities of each organization 

that may respond to a natural gas pipeline emergency and assist in developing coordination 

responsibilities. 

Pipeline markers would be placed and maintained along the right-of-way at roadway 

crossings, railroad crossings, and other highly visible places to alert those contemplating working in the 

vicinity of the location of the buried pipeline. The markers would identify Gulf South as the operator and 

display telephone numbers to call if any abnormal conditions are detected. 

Gulf South would also participate in the One-Call program. This program provides telephone 

numbers for excavation contractors to call prior to commencing any excavation activities. The One-Call 

operator would notify Gulf South of any planned excavation in the vicinity of the pipeline so that Gulf 

South could flag the location of the pipeline and assign staff to monitor activities if required. 

Vegetation management procedures during operation would be performed in accordance with 

Gulf South's proposed Plan and Procedures and would include regular mowing, cutting, and trimming 

along most of the proposed 60-foot-wide permanent pipeline right-of-way. Routine vegetative 

maintenance clearing would not be performed more frequently than every three years unless requested or 

approved by appropriate state and local agencies. However, a corridor not exceeding 10 feet in width 

centered on the pipeline could be maintained annually in an herbaceous state, as required to facilitate 

periodic corrosion and leak detection surveys. Vegetation management is discussed further in Section 

3.5. 
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2.7 FUTURE PLANS AND ABANDONMENT 

Gulf South currently has no plans for future expansion of the facilities proposed. If additional 

demand for natural gas supplies requires future expansion, Gulf South would seek the appropriate 

authorizations from the FERC. When and if an application is filed, the environmental impact of the new 

proposal would be examined at that time. 

Abandonment of the pipeline facilities would be subject to the approval of the FERC under 

Section 7(b) of the NGA and would comply with DOT regulations and specific agreements or stipulations 

made for the pipeline rights-of-way. An environmental review of any proposed abandonment would be 

conducted when the application is filed with the FERC.