,'"' " 'o.

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\ ii-'H-i NBS TECHNICAL NOTE 1011

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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE/National Bureau of Standards
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

The National Bureau of Standards' was established by an act of Congress March 3, 1901. The

Bureau's overall goal is to strengthen and advance the Nation's science and technology and

facilitate their effective application for public benefit. To this end, the Bureau conducts

research and provides: (1) a basis for the Nation's physical measurement system, (2) scientific and technological services for industry and government, (3) a technical basis for equity in trade, and (4) technical services to promote public safety. The Bureau's technical work is performed by the National Measurement Laboratory, the National Engineering Laboratory,

and the Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology.

THE NATIONAL MEASUREMENT LABORATORY provides the national system of

physical and chemical and materials measurement; coordinates the system with measurement

systems of other nations and furnishes essential services leading to accurate and uniform

physical and chemical measurement throughout the Nation's scientific community, industry,

and commerce; conducts materials research leading to improved methods of measurement,

standards, and data on the properties of materials needed by industry, commerce, educational

institutions, and Government; provides advisory and research services to other Government

Agencies; develops, produces, and distributes Standard Reference Materials; and provides

calibration services. The Laboratory consists of the following centers:

Absolute Physical Quantities' — Radiation Research — Thermodynamics and

Molecular Science — Analytical Chemistry — Materials Science. THE NATIONAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY provides technology and technical

services to users in the public and private sectors to address national needs and to solve national problems in the public interest; conducts research in engineering and applied science

in support of objectives in these efforts; builds and maintains competence in the necessary

disciplines required to carry out this research and technical service; develops engineering data and measurement capabilities; provides engineering measurement traceability services; develops test methods and proposes engineering standards and code changes; develops and

proposes new engineering practices; and develops and improves mechanisms to transfer

results of its research to the utlimate user. The Laboratory consists of the following centers:

Applied Mathematics — Electronics and Electrical Engineering^ — Mechanical

Engineering and Process Technology- — Building Technology — Fire Research —

Consumer Product Technology — Field Methods.

THE INSTITUTE FOR COMPUTER SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY conducts

research and provides scientific and technical services to aid Federal Agencies in the selection, acquisition, application, and use of computer technology to improve effectiveness and

economy in Government operations in accordance with Public Law 89-306 (40 U.S.C. 759), relevant Executive Orders, and other directives; carries out this mission by managing the Federal Information Processing Standards Program, developing Federal ADP standards

guidelines, and managing Federal participation in ADP voluntary standardization activities; provides scientific and technological advisory services and assistance to Federal Agencies; and

provides the technical foundation for computer-related policies of the Federal Government.

The Institute consists of the following divisions:

Systems and Software — Computer Systems Engineering — Information Technology.

'Headquarters and Laboratories at Gaithersburg, Maryland, unless otherwise noted; mailing address Washington, D.C. 20234. ^Some divisions within the center are located at Boulder, Colorado, 80303.

The National Bureau of Standards was reorganized, effective April 9, 1978.
ilonstruction of a Large

rransverse Electromagnetic Cell

v. F. Decker

V. A. Wilson

nstrument Shops Division

National Bureau of Standards

Moulder, Colorado 80303

tfl. L. Crawford

ilectromagnetic Fields Division

National Engineering Laboratory

National Bureau of Standards

Boulder, Colorado 80303

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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Juanita M. Kreps, Secretary

Sidney Harman, Under Secretary

Jordan J. Baruch, Assistant Secretary for Science anr< Technology

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Ernest Ambler, Director

Issued February 1979
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS TECHNICAL NOTE 1011

Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Tech. Note 1011, 92 pages (Feb. 1979)

CODEN: NBTNAE

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON: 1979

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printmg Office, Washington, D.C. 20402

Stock No. 003-003-02034-6 (Add 25 percent additional for other than U.S. mailing)

6QP0 677-072/1248
CONTENTS

Page

1. INTRODUCTION 1

2. MATERIALS 4

3. FABRICATION PROCEDURE 4

4

.

SUBASSEMBLIES 4

5. FABRICATION SEQUENCE, MAIN SECTION (CENTER) 6

6. FABRICATION SEQUENCE, TRANSITION "A" 7

7. CENTER CONDUCTOR (SEPTUM) 8

8. TRANSITIONS "B" and "C" 15

9. REFERENCES 17

10. APPENDIX "A" Formulation for design of TEM Cell 17

11. APPENDIX "B" Drawings No. EN(10 kHz-108 MHz) 1/355D, Sheets 1 to 32 23

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Transitions "A" and side main view. Cell as shown is complete except for

transitions "C" 2

Figure 2. Side view with "A" transitions clamped in place, 3

Figure 3. One half of main section is resting on wood frame, welding in progress .... 5

Figure 4. Main section - Transition "A" internal view showing welds ground on transition "A" 9

Figures. End view of transition "A" 10

Figure 6. Main section - Transition "A" clamped in place 11

Figure 7. Main section and transition "A" now in position to be joined by an internal weldment 12

Figure 8. Transition "A" - one transition "A" in place, one transition"A" ready to be

clamped on for a physical measurement 13

Figure 9. Work in progress on transition "A" to main section 14

Figure 10. End view of transitions "A," "B," and "C" 16

Figure 11. Diagram for absorber loading TEM cell 18

Figure A-1. Cross-section of a TEM cell 19

Figure A-2.Design curves for the characteristic impedance of a rectangular coaxial

transmission line (TEM cell) 19

Figure A-3.Top view of a TEM cell 20

Figure A-4. Cross-section of rectangular coaxial transmission line with thick center

conductor 20

iii

CONSTRUCTION OF A LARGE TRANSVERSE ELECTROMAGNETIC CELL

W. F. Decker, M. L. Crawford, and W. A. Wilson

In support of the electromagnetic interference studies underway in the

Electromagnetic Fields Division of the National Bureau of Standards, a 2.8 meter transverse electromagnetic (TEM) cell was constructed by the

Instrument Shops Division of the NBS Boulder Laboratories.

The cell requirements, design concepts, and fabrication procedures were developed through the coordination of both the Electromagnetic Fields

Division personnel and the Instrument Shops Division personnel. This

paper provides the sequential procedure used to fabricate this cell, in

conjunction with a complete set of detail and assembly drawings used to illustrate the complete fabrication process. The purpose of this

publication is to provide documented information sufficient for any

outside vendor, with the proper facilities, to construct a similar TEM

cell.

Key Words: Electromagnetic susceptibility testing; structural design

and fabrication procedures; transverse electromagnetic (TEM) cell.

1. INTRODUCTION

This instruction provides information and procedures necessary to fabricate a large transverse electromagnetic (TEM) cell to be used for experimental "electromagnetic

interference" (EMI) evaluation studies (figs. 1 and 2).

The cell is basically an enlarged, 50-ohm, rectangular, coaxial transmission line,

designed so that equipment to be EMI tested can be placed inside it. It is constructed with

transitions at each end to convert from stripline transmission line (flat center plate) to square coaxial transmission line and then to circular coaxial transmission line having

standard connectors.

Susceptibility test fields are established inside the cell by connecting an rf

generator to the cell's input port and coupling rf energy through the cell to a 50-ohm

termination connected to the cell's output port. For radiated emissions testing, the cell

is used as a transducer to couple energy emitted by the equipment under test, placed inside

the cell, to detectors connected to the cell's input and/or output ports. Details of how

the cell is used for each type (EM susceptibility and emissions) of measurement is contained

in reference [1].

The assembly and details of this cell are shown on Drawing No.

EN (10 kHz -lOkHz-108 MHz) -1/355D, Sheets 1 to 32, which form a part of this paper. The

normal cell size of 2.8 meters refers to an effective center section 2800 mm in height,

width, and length, and an overall effective length of 5600 mm as shown on Sheet 2 of the

above referenced drawings. The cell is shown in figures 1 and 2.

The cell is fabricated from aluminum except for the small components of transition "C,"

which are fabricated from brass and electroformed copper. The cell is purposely built to provide mechanical stability and to withstand both handling and experimental operations. In addition, it is important that the cell maintain electrical integrity during operation to provide electromagnetic isolation for the evaluation of experimental components. Thus,

provision is made to insure uniform and complete electrical conductance through the inner

and outer conductors of the cell. All supporting members within the cell, which are not a part of the effective cell conductance, are fabricated from material with the lowest

possible dielectric constant to minimize the effects of these members on the characteristic

impedance of the cell

.


2. MATERIALS

Reference Sheet No. 1. (Optional Items - Reference Sheet No. 2).

3. FABRICATION PROCEDURE

It is suggested that the supporting frame structures be constructed in three parts,

i.e., main section (center) and transition "A"-2 each, and that they should be assembled

after completion.

It is futher suggested that the main section (center) be constructed in two halves and

then bolted together appropriately (1/2-13 UNC), particularly if the work area is restricted

in size (fig. 3)

.

Note that all structural members on the main section are channel members (CM), angles

on top and bottom corners excepted.

Subassembly fabrication should be scheduled ahead so that parts will be ready when

needed.

It is imperative that all internal weldments be continuous and that they be absolutely

free of voids and porosity.

4. SUBASSEMBLIES

Description Sheet No.

a. Access doors 17

b. Access door frames 16

c. Access door hardware 1

d. Muffin fan box and tube (smoke detector) 2

e. Bulkhead panel frame 18

f. Bulkhead mount plate 18

g. Bulkhead box 19

h. Power outlet receptacle frame 20

i. Power outlet receptacle box 20

j. Access door switches 1

k. Top side delrin^ rod holders and caps 14

1. Bottom delrin rod holders 14

m. Horizontal transition delrin and caps 14

n. Horizontal rod holder and caps 15

0. Transition "B" access plates 24

^Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper in

order to adequately specify the cell construction. In no case does such identification

imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Bureau of Standards, nor does it imply

that the material or equipment identified is necessarily the best available for the

purpose.
I

I

Figure 3. One half of main section is resting on wood frame, welding in

progress
p. Transition "B" access plate frames 23

q. Vertical center conductor support rods 15

r. Horizontal center conductor support rods 15

s. Sugar pine 15

t. Flanges for transitions "A", "B", and "C" 8, 22, 26

u. Dielectric adjustable elevation table (optional) 28, 29, 30, 31

Finger stock and rf gasketing must be inserted between all removable metal -to-metal

surfaces as required.

5. FABRICATION SEQUENCE, MAIN SECTION (CENTER)

(Reference Sheet No. 3)

Step 1 - All members should be precut precisely and identified.

Step 2 - The large holes should be bored in the top and bottom channel members (CM's) of

the large end frames before welding. These holes should later align with similar

holes on the

large end frame of transition "A."

Step 3 - It should be noted that the two large frames to be bolted together in the center

of the main section are not the same as the end frames because the large holes are omitted and that the sides of the frames are separated by 12" on both

sides.

Step 4 - The half-sections can now be welded with all welds being located on the inside

of CM's and on the side of the channel later to become the external surface of

frame. The internal surface of frame should not be welded because it will later

receive the plate (skin) (fig. 3).

Step 5 - The two half-sections can now be bolted together forming a structural cube (main

section). Extreme care at this juncture should be taken to be well within

specified tolerances (Reference Sheet No. 2).

Step 6 - All gussets and reinforcing plates may be added later or at the discretion of

the fabricator.

Step 7 - The main section is now ready to accept internal plates (skin); however, care must be taken to have holes punched or milled in the appropriate places and

plates for access doors, view ports, smoke detectors, etc., before putting

plates in place. Proceed to bolt (10-24x3/8" nickel -plated brass flat-head

screws) 1/8" thick plates in place (drill, tap, and countersink from the

internal plate surface using conductive liquid adhesive on screws) taking care when plates butt to leave at least a 5/32" gap for a weldment.

Step 8 - Proceed to the external surface and apply intermittent welds, plates to channel

at the discretion of welders.

Step 9 - Proceed to the internal surface of the main section and apply longitudinal

fillet welds at the four corners and then complete welding of the main section

with the four longitudinal butt welds. It is important that only small

intermittent tack welds be made at the open ends of the cube to temporarily hold

the plate to the smooth surface of the channel. A continuous weld will later be

required when the transition "A" is permanently affixed.

Step 10 - All internal weldments at this point can be ground smooth, and all plate

surfaces must be surface sanded to remove all mill scale. This will provide an acceptable surface to accommodate the microwave absorber material which will be

glued to the internal surface of the cell after the fabrication is complete.
step 11

Step 12

Step 13

Step 14

Step 15

Step 16

Step 17

6. FABRICATION SEQUENCE, TRANSITION "A" (2 ea.)

(Reference Sheet No. 7)

Precisely cut CM's for both large and small channel frames. Cut center channel

braces (16 required for both "A" transitions).

Bore hole at each end of the longer channel members of large channel frame.

Weld frames. Assure that adjacent channel members in each respective frame are perpendicular (square) to one another. Check using diagonal dimensions in each

frame. (Frame is square if diagonal dimensions are identical (figs. 2 and 3).

Bolt (3/8-16 UNC) and weld angle members in proper position inside both frames

(Reference Sheet No. 7).

Using suggested fixture (Reference Sheet No. 7) to hold center channel parallel,

tack-weld respective pairs of center channel braces to the small channel frame

in proper position (with smooth side of small channel frame facing down).

After tacking all four pairs of center channel braces, invert this work, place on top of the large channel frame (with the smooth side of large channel frame

facing down), align as necessary, and tack-weld in proper place (fig. 3).

Check elevation of work at this point. It is important that the elevation be

45.250 (+ 0.125, - 0.00) inches from smooth surface of small channel frame to smooth surface of large channel frame.

Step 18 - Weld gussets in place and complete welding of present structures.

Step 19 - Layout, shear, and brake internal corner plates and center plates (Reference

Sheet Nos. 11 and 12). Care should be taken to bore or punch access holes for

bulkhead panel, power outlet receptacle, etc., in appropriate plates before

braking; however, the holes in the center plates for the subassemblies (center

conductor horizontal delrin support holders) should be omitted and positioned at

a later time (see Step 44).

Bolt (10-24x3/8" UNC nickel plated brass flat-head screws) appropriate 1/8" thick corner plates in place (drill, tap, and countersink from inside, using conductive

liquid adhesive from inside) to center channel braces.

Bolt 1/4-20 UNC) flange to flange of 1/8" thick corner plate.

Precisely cut corner channel members (left and right hands) (Reference Sheet

No. 11).

Position corner channel braces against bolted flanges of 1/8" thick corner

plates and weld these corner channel braces in place.

Bolt (10-24 UNC nickel-plated brass flat-head screw, 3/8" long) 1/8" thick corner

plates (drill, tap, and countersink from inside; use conductive liquid adhesive)

to newly installed corner channel braces.

All corner plates can now accept an external intermittent weld, channels to

plates, at discretion of welders, but again, care should be taken to simply apply

small temporary tack welds where the plate edges are held to the large channel

frames. A continuous weld will follow when transition is affixed to the center

or main section.

Step 26 - Cut and weld in place all intersecting channel braces and apply intermittent weld

on these braces where plates and braces touch on the external side.

Step 20

Step 21

Step 22

Step 23

Step 24

Step 25
step 27

Step 28

Step 29

Step 30

Center plates can now be positioned, and all longitudinal fillet weldments can be

executed, not only on the corners but now on the center plates.

All weldment must now be ground, and all internal plate surfaces must be

surface sanded (fig. 4).

One "A" transition can now be positioned and clamped in place at one end of main

section and when properly aligned (1/2-13 UNC), the transition can be bolted to the main section, channel-to-channel (figs. 5,6,7).

After properly bolted, the plates of transition "A" and the plates of the main

section may now accept an internal continuous weld, vertical and horizontal.

This weld must be ground smooth.

Step 31 - Position the remaining transition "A" into proper position and clamp into place.

Do not weld or bolt this transition yet (figs. 8 and 9).

Step 32 - It is suggested that the flanges for both "A" transitions (Reference Sheet No. 8) can now be bolted in place. At this time it is pertinent to make precise

measurements (center section, cross sectional height, width, and length;

transition "A" on axis lengths, and assembly's overall length from transition "B" mating flange surface to opposing transition "B" mating flange surface). These

dimensions will be used to make corrections, if required, in size of center

conductor (septum) prior to cutting the center conductor. FWTE: The channel

frame and the machined flange are first bolted together and can be adjusted by

double nutting to achieve the proper horizontal and vertical planes.

Step 33 - If the aforementioned calculations are appropriately acceptable, the small

flanges for the "A" transitions can now be secured in place with the bolts and

the internal seam can be welded. These welds can only be partially ground at this point.

Step 34 - Make identity marks or reference marks from the clamped "A" transition to the

main section and then very carefully unclamp and remove the "A" transition,

taking care not to disturb the newly attached flange.

7. CENTER CONDUCTOR (SEPTUM)

Step 35 - Proceed to cut out center conductor (Reference Sheet No. 13). When laying out

the hole pattern on the center conductor for the delrin support rods to pass through, a template should be made of the same hole pattern to take in the whole

of the center area and one tapered end. Aluminum channel 1" x 2" xl/8" will

suffice. This template can then be used to tansfer this hole pattern to the top

and bottom of the TEM cell.

If dimensional measurements determined in Step 32 differ substanially (more than

2%) from specifications shown on Reference Sheet No. 13, the center conductor

can be redesigned using figure 1 of Appendix A to conform to the outer conductor.

Details and equations describing calculations are contained in Appendix A. NOTE: If only the overall length of outer assembly exceeds or is less than

specifications, simply adjust septum plate length as appropriate.

Step 36 - Using the template referred to in Step 35, lay out or transfer the hole pattern

on the floor and the ceiling of the main section. Take care that this hole

pattern is centered in both cases using the same point of reference. Bore holes

at these points and weld the internal threaded subassemblies for containing the

delrin rods in place (Reference Sheet No. 14). These subassemblies are designed

for external welds only.

Step 37 - A wooden frame should be constructed and placed inside the main section to temporarily support the center conductor. The center conductor weighs

approximately 275 pounds. With two men working on the frame, approximately 400


11
12
13
: 5 "

<]

14
pounds will be added. The frame should be about 76 inches square and about

46 inches in height.

Step 38 - riace the center conductor in the main section resting on the wooden support

, frame.

step 39 - Reposition the remaining "A" transition in place and when properly aligned, bolt

(1/2-13 UNC) the transition to the main section, channel to channel (fig. 5).

Step 40 - After sufficiently bolted, the plates of transition "A" and the plates of the

main section may now accept an internal continuous weld, vertical and horizontal.

This weld must be ground smooth.

Step 41 - Position door frames and clamp in place (Reference Sheet No. 16). Install door

frames in the prepared openings on the plates using the heretofore prescribed

bolting method. Weld the door frames, by applying a continuous weldment and by

clamping on ample heat sinks or back-up bars, to insure minimum warpage.

Step 42 - Accurately position the center conductor. It may be necessary to use throw-away

aluminum rods, passing them through the delrin holders on top (ceiling) down

through the center conductor and into the delrin holders on the bottom (floor). "

With the center conductor precisely in place, position the hole pattern template

(reference Step 35) on top of the TEM cell. With the use of a plumb-bob, locate

the hole pattern on the "A" transitions. Once these holes are located and bored,

pass the "bob" through these holes and through the holes on the tapered end of

the center conductor to locate the holes on the bottom side of the "A" transition. Bore the bottom holes and then externally weld all of the delrin

holders in place. Repeat this procedure for the opposite end of the TEM cell.

Step 43 - Install all of the vertical delrin rods.

Step 44 - With the center conductor in place it is now possible to locate the holes to be

bored into the "A" transition center plates (reference Step 19). These can be

located directly opposite the notches on the tapered portion of the center

conductor. These holes can now be bored and the horizontal delrin holders welded

in place.

8. TRANSITIONS "B" AND "C"

Step 45 - Fabricate transitions "B" and "C" per Reference Sheet Nos. 22 through 27.

Experience has shown that it is wise to make the center conductor slightly

oversized and then machine it down as required to obtain the desired impedance as measured using a time-domain reflectometer (TOR).

Transitions "B" and "C" can be assembled to each other and

back-to-back (i.e., transition "B" connected to transition

distributed impedance using a TDR prior to their installat

allows corrections to be made to the center conductors as conform to their outer conductors as required to obtain a impedance along their length. Once transition "B" and "C" been adjusted (if required) so the transition transmission

50 ohms (+ 2 ohms), they can be installed onto the cell,

on the small flanges on both transitions "B" and "C", when

is ground smooth as required, the strength of the joint is it is recommended that an additional filler rod be applied

back side of the small flanges (fig. 10).

then assembled

"B") to measure their

ion on the cell . This

suggested above so they

50-ohm (+ 2 ohms)

center conductors have

line impedances are

It should be noted that

the internal surface

marginal. Therefore,

for strength on the

Step 46 - Install transition "B" outer conductors onto cell. This should be done by first

bolting the transitions into position then tack-welding the mating flange of

transition on each side. The complete inside seam between "A" and "B" can be

welded and ground smooth.

15

step 47 - Complete installation of transitions "B" and "C" with their center conductors to the cell. Measure the TDR response of each end of the cell and make additional

refinements in the center conductor dimensions by further machining or cutting

the center plate if required to obtain 50 ohms (+2 ohms). If points along the

center plate or transition "B" and "C" center conductors are undersized so that

the transmission line impedance (measured by the TDR) is over 52 ohms, additional

material must be added by soldering, welding, or bolting metal to the center

conductor or plate. It should be noted that the outer conductor of transition

"C" is fabricated by electroforming copper over an aluminum mandrel (see

fig. 4).

Step 48 - Install and wire lights and vent fan for smoke detectors, and install ac power

line filter, receptacle (inside fabricated box), and rf filtering (inside

fabricated box) over bulkhead as required for EMI measurement applications.

Step 49 - The final step to completing the cell is to attach the microwave absorber to the

inside of the cell with the appropriate adhesive to hold it in place, as shown in figure 11.

Step 50 - After installation of absorber, TDR measurements of the cell impedance should be

made to insure that its distributed impedance is still within 50 ohms (+2 ohms).

If the addition of absorber lowers the cell impedance below 48 ohms, additional

spot trimming of the septum may be required.

THE CELL IS NOW READY FOR OPERATION

9. REFERENCES

[1] Crawford, M. L., and Workman, J. L., Using a TEM cell for EMC measurement of

electronic equipment (paper in progress), Nat. Bur. of Stds. (U. S.), Boulder,

Colorado.

[2] Decker, W. F., and Lecinski, V., Structural design and fabricating procedures, Nat. Bur. of Stds. (U. S.), Boulder, Colorado.

10. APPENDIX A

Formulation for Design of TEM Cell

A.l Main (Center) Section

The equation for the characteristic impedance of shielded strip transmission line is given

as:

Z s (a-1)

1 2 b - In (sinh

TL3, 2b

AC

e

where a, b, and g are as shown in figure A-1 and ng is the intrinsic wave impedance of

the media (air) inside the cell, (no = 376.7 ohms). The term AC/cp relates to the

fringing capacitance between the edges of the center plate (septum; and the cell side walls. For large gaps (w/b >_ 1/2), used for typical cell designs, this term is negligible. For an exact determination of Zq, see reference [1]. Curves for designing a cell with arbitrary

cross section and impedance are shown in figure A-2. Note: The curve for a square cell

(a = b), with a characteristic impedance of 50 ohms, is appropriately indicated.

The length of the septum's main (straight section) region, relative to the cell's outer

conductor main region, is shortened so sl= 0.94 L; where £ and L are as shown in figure A-3.

17
o

UJoo

s-

(U ja

s-o

«n jao

S-cn

0)

18
2b tg->l

2w

2a

g->

Figure A-1. Cross-section of a TEM cell. (Main section)

b/a

i:—i M -I (x.S) w/a

Figure A-2. Design curves for the characteristic impedance of a rectangular coaxial

transmission line (TEM cell).

19
Figure A-3. Top view of a TEM cell

This is to compensate for the change in impedance of the cell at the beginning of the

tapered regions.

A.2 Transition Adaptors

The transitions for adapting the cell transmission line from shielded strip to rectangular 1 coax and then to 14 mm circular coax (Reference Sheet Mos. 22 through 27) are made in two

parts. The first part, transition "B," was designed initially using eq (a-1) to calculate

appropriate dimensions at the large end, and the expressions

^0 4C

n

2w 2d + — + —

h g

{a-2)

to calcualte the dimensions at the small end. The parameters g, d, w and h are shown in

figure A-4, with C/e = 0.56 for a square cross section transmission line.

The second part, transition "C," was designed initially using eq (a-2) to calculate the

dimensions at its large end, and the expression

Z .^log^ (a-:

to calculate the dimensions for circular coax at the transition's small end. Note that

the dimensions for the center conductors of transitions "B" and "C" (Reference Sheet Nos. and 27) do not conform precisely with calculated values obtained using eq (a-1), (a-2), ar (a-3) and the dimensions shown (Refence Sheet Nos. 22, 23, 24 and 26) for the outer

conductors. The final dimensions shown on Reference Sheet Nos. 25 and 27 were obtained

empirically using a time-domain reflectometer to measure and adjust the center conductor

size to obtain the required distributed impedances along the length of the transitions.

^^^'-^.

1h

1 ^/k""

(i

,'^S'''' 1 ^^'^'^-.

Figure A-4. Cross-section of rectangular coaxial transmission line with thick center

conductor.

20
Figure References

(1) J. C. Tippet, and D. C. Chang, "Radiation characteristics of dipole sources located

inside a rectangular, coaxial transmission line," NBSIR 75-829, January 1976.

(2) 0. R. Cruzan, and R. V. Garver, "Characteristic impedance of rectangular coaxial

transmission lines," IEEE Trans on MTT, September 1964, pp 488-495.

(3) International Telephone and Telegraph Corporation, "Reference Data for Radio

Engineers", fourth edition. Copyright 1956, p. 589.

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APPENDIX -B" Drawings No. EN(10 kHz-108 MHz) 1/355D. Sheets 1 to 32

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HS

U.S. DEPT. OF COMM.

BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA

SHEET

1. PUBLICATION OR REPORT NO.

NBS TN-lOn

2. Gov't Accession

No.

I. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Construction of A Large Transverse Electromagnetic Cell

3. Recipient's Accession No.

5. Publication Date February 1979

6. Performing Organization Code

362.13

. AUTHOR(S)

W.F. Decker, M.L.Crawford, & W.A.Wilson

Organ. Report No.

PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20234

10. Project/Task/Work Unit No.

11. Contract/Grant No.

2. Sponsoring Organization Name and Complete Address (Street, City, State, ZIP) 13. Type of Report & Period Covered

14. Sponsoring Agency Code

5. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

6. ABSTRACT (A 200-word or less factual summary of most si^ificant information. If document includes a significant

bibliography or literature survey, mention it here.) In support of the electromagnetic interference studies underway in the Electromagnetic

Fields Division of the National Bureau of Standards, a 2.8 meter transverse electromagnetic (TEM) cell was constructed by the Instrument Shops Division of the NBS

Boulder Laboratories.

The cell requirements, design concepts, and fabrication procedures were developed

through the coordination of both the Electromagnetic Fields Division personnel and

the Instrument Shops Division personnel. This paper provides the sequential procedure

used to fabricate this cell, in conjunction with a complete set of detail and assembly

drawings used to illustrate the complete fabrication process. The purpose of this

publication is to provide documented information sufficient for any outside vendor,

with the proper facilities, to construct a similar TEM cell.

7. KEY WORDS (six to twelve entries; alphabetical order; capitalize only the first letter of the first key word unless a proper name; separated by semicolons) _, .. , • , • -j • j^ j_ j_ • j. j. ij_.- Electromagnetic susceptibility testing; structural design

and fabrication procedures; transverse electromagnetic (TEM)

cell.

8. AVAILABILITY [X Unlimited

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92

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USCOMM-DC 29042-P74

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