59

Phase II and III of Operation Streetsweeper
Through September 22, 1995

Field Contacts 2571
Field Cards 1447
Arrests 142
Summons (M/V) 225
Summons (Ordinances) 14
Missing Juveniles 14
Weapons 34

Photos of Suspects 649


123

They try to encourage the kids not to want to use drugs, but then

go a step further: to give them the skills to deal with the social sit-

uations they're going to face, which are the toughest ones you're

going to face and they come in the sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth
ades.

oer. Souper. If you were looking at a curriculum, would you be

looking at the fifth grade or the seventh and eighth grade?

Mr. MITCHELL. The core program for the D.A.R.E. Program is at
the exit grades to junior high, either the fifth or the sixth, and that
is exactly placed in the proper spot, in my opinion, because you
want to reach those students before they p° out into the junior high
school years, which are the years you know they’re going to
faced with those big decisions.

Mr. ZELIFF. Thank you, Mr. Souder.

I have two questions that I would like to have all four of you
comment on.

One of the most valued possessions, I believe, is a kid’s drivers
license. When kids get in serious trouble, either selling drugs or
doing crime connected with drugs, and they're at the age when
they have a drivers license, what do you think about using a driv-
ers license as a weapon or a tool to take away from them?

The other thing is weekend boot camp or boot camp in general.
Is there an opportunity out there where we can have it tailor
made? A boot camp for kids that get in trouble and try to help
them in probably a more concentrated D.A.R.E. Program where
they really & basic values training, basic life skill training in a
concentrated form, whether it be a weekend or 30 days. Does that
make any sense?

Mr. MITCHELL. As far as the drivers license goes—I won’t com-
ment on the boot camp; I will leave that to the treatment people.

As far as the drivers license goes, I think that is a great idea.
Either a restriction on it, such as you can’t drive on it after mid-
night, or revocation of it, even if it is a non-driving drug issue.

like it because a lot of these kids, it doesn’t do any good to give
them fines because they have no money. And if they don’t pay the
fines, it is not like you can throw them in jail, in most cases, unless
it is a very serious drug offense. Usually that is not going to hap-

n.

Other types of punishment, particularly when it is a level of a
drug offense that you are not going to lock them up for, I think it
is a great way to show them that society does not approve and
there are going to be consequences for it. Hit them where it hurts.
If you are going to do punishment at that point, then do punish-
ment; make it hurt, by all means, in a caring way.

Mr. ZELIFF. Thank you.

Mr. PLouRDE. Drivers license will work with kids who are not
harmfully involved in substance abuse. If they are, they will not
care. It won’t make them any difference.

Mr. ZELIFF. So if you can catch them at a point, but once we go
beyond that point, they need help?

ir. PLOURDE, Right. As a matter of fact, I know more kids today

that don’t have driver licenses than I can ever remember. When I

was j6. I couldn’t wait to get there. Today they really don’t care
get it.


25

field. He plans on getting married shortly after release.
‘That is what education can do.

I need not tell this committee that the PELL Grant program has been eliminated. As a
result the Mark D. story may not be repeated.

Now, to get back to the subject of drugs in New Hampshire, Currently twenty (20)
percent of the inmates in our prisons are there for drug offenses. Eighty (80) percent,
of all inmates have a substance abuse problem -- that is drugs or alcohol or both.

In the packet of supporting documents I have submitted to this committee, I have
included a brochure entitled, “PATHWAYS: A Correctional Options Program” It outlines
specific corrections options currently conducted in the New Hampshire prison systen.

As recently as last Friday I received a letter from the BJA in which I was informed
that PATHWAYS has been nominated as a national model project by the BJA’s Correctional
Options Program. I have submitted that letter in my packet to you.

My department receives funding for these corrections options through the Bureau of
Justice Administration of the U.S. Department of Justice. Under a current U.S. House
bill dealing with prison construction, no provision for the continuation of corrections
options is included.

‘It is the understanding of my department and the BJA that this fact is an oversight
rather than a purposeful elimination of funding for the corrections options program.

‘The Pathways Program in New Hampshire was funded through a Byrne grant. The proposal
was written in response to the serious overcrowding in our prisons and a recognition
that substance abuse and education programs are needed to meet the needs of offenders.

Pathways is at the cutting edge of correctional programs nationwide. With its strong
emphasis on education, substance abuse treatment and employment counseling, it offers
offenders the package of skill necessary to assist them in becoming productive
citizens.

Pathways has several components. There is the Bypass Program which has a modified 45-
day version of the Boot Camp Program. This is followed by the “TIE” segment which
consist of adult basic education, vocational training and work.

‘The Summit House Program is for inmates with serious drug and alcohol histories. In
the five (5) years that this program has been in existence, 155 men have completed the
Program. Out of these 155 men, 46 have returned to prison for a recidivism rate of 30
percent, which is a favorable number.

Fifty women have gone through this program with only eight (8) returning to prison
for a recidivism rate of only 16 percent.

‘The Transformation Program is a technical training program and is the fourth
component of the Bypass Program. To date, 88 inmates have successfully completed the
intensive 16-week training. New Hampshire is the only state to introduce this highly
innovative program into a correctional setting.

Although these valuable programs appear to be in jeopardy, we are not remaining idle.


154

Then ask the teacher what resources are available to her or to
the school that child’s needs, that child’s family’s needs can be met
so that we're not going to have to spend $30,000 on that child every
year as an incarcerated person.

We need to look at the needs of children. We need to ensure that
the basic needs of the families are met. It is very simple. Home
Sweet Home.

_. Now we have to answer the question. What happened to the fam-
ily in the last 35 years? It took us 35 years to get where we are
today. We've spent tremendous funds on high technology, AWACS.

We have to incorporate within each and every one of us the abil-
ity to say no. That means that we have to value the needs of the
children and to assure that they have their basic human needs met.
so that they can say no. They have to have communities that be-
lieve in them. We can’t be blaming and shaming them.

We lower the ages from 18 to 17 in the State. We can lower the
age until 12, or we can treat them as adults. That is not going to
solve the problem.

You’ve heard testimony here today saying just two packets of
crack cause addictions for these people. We know that if drugs are
so addictive that children will sell their babies so they can get a
hit. Incarceration is no deterrent.

Chief Favreau said, no way, these kids don’t care. Addiction is
very strong. Prevention. Prevention. Go into the needs of parents.

Thank you very much for the extended time, and I’m so grateful
Thad the opportunity to speak. Thank you very much.

Mr. ZELIFF. Thank you very much. I don’t know how we can im-
prove on what you've said. The reason that we're here is that we’re
trying to address the very things that you’re talking about.

The fact that we’ve had meetin; for the last year or two with
Chief Favreau and other chiefs where they’re crying out for hel,
from the community, help from the business community. They can’t
do it all themselves.

But it comes back down to the families too. We've got to some-
how teach. You have to teach your kids. I have to teach my kids.
We have to be involved as parents, grandparents. We've got to start
to reassess what’s important and what’s not.

We're all guilty of being too busy, too busy for people around us
that need us. We're trying to listen here today to people, and yes-
terday, and we will be back again talking to folks in the commu-

nity.

We're going to treatment centers. I mentioned that I was in a
women’s prison listening to inmates—you know, seventh and
eighth times back in prison. What went wrong? Why did they hit
the bottom? What happened in their lives? What can we do?

Government, unfortunately, isn’t the only answer. We can’t just
do it with money. It is not the only answer. We get involved up
north with domestic violence, child abuse. It all goes back to the
same problem we're having here.

I came from a broken home. My mother left when I was 4 and
alcohol was involved with my stepmother. But a lot of it was my-
self. 1 didn’t want to end up being in trouble all my life. I wanted
to get out of that. I recognized that education was important. I
worked my way through School. I worked in a factory.


149

oath, for example, you could be convicted of perjury if it wasn’t
true. We potentially put individuals at risk, and we ought to look
at that in the record with the names.

Although, I have no doubt—I am not questioning the veracity of
that——

Mr. ZELIFF. Good point.

Mr. SoupeR. I’m merely saying as a process, he has done some-
thing very extraordinary in giving, really, anybody who wanted to
come into this hearing and testify, and should be commended for
it because we don’t often get that at a hearing.

At the same time, that means that we haven't screened and we
don’t have people under the same process.

Mr. ZELIFF. Same rules. Thank you.

Thank you very much.

Mr. DeVeRE. I do have his driving record and his registration—
and a letter from Commission Flynn. Mr. Zeliff. What I think he
meant was that you mentioned some other people, I think, in your
discussion there. Basically, we need to be careful of that in terms
of their rights as well.

I will see Commission Flynn and if you will leave—New Hamp-
shire is going to do it. The point we’re trying to make is that—leg-
islation mandating States do this, mandate that State’s check to
see if someone is a wanted felon before they give driver’s license,
no State in the country does this. We will be the first State in the
country.

Mr. ZELIFF. Right. We will pursue her legislation and we will
also look at it on a national basis through a committee I serve on
Public Works and Infrastructure as well.

Thank you for your idea.

No. 20.

[No response.}

Mr. ZELIFF. No. 3.

Mr. Frost. Good afternoon. My name is Jeff Frost. I'm from
Ward 3. I’m a citizen of Manchester. I want to commend the com-
mittee. I want to commend the mayor and particularly the police
chief and his officers and all the people who are working on the
personal side of this problem.

You and I, Congressman, talked a couple of years ago about the
other side. As a former Marine Corps Captain Pilot down in Cali-
fornia 10 years ago, I worked under Ronald Reagan for the—and
we did quite a bit of work with the interdiction side.

I would like to read this statement. Being in politics is tough.
Sir, I consider yourself and Senator Gregg the two most guilty peo-
ple in the State of New Hampshire with respect to the increase in

low of drugs into this country and this State.

Mr. ZELIFF. I hope you will be specific.

Mr. Frost. Not since Noreiga was president of Panama have the
drug dealers and the cartels had so much help from Government
officials.

With a lame duck vote in the U.S. Congress, the di dealers got
more than they ever dreamed of. A free, uninhibited flow of drugs
across the border of Mexico into the United States.

Since NAFTA, DEA and U.S. Custom Officials say it is a joke,
that because of NAFTA, the North American Free Trade Agree-


COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENT REFORM AND OVERSIGHT
WILLIAM F. CLINGER, JR., Pennsylvania, Chairman

BENJAMIN A. GILMAN, New York CARDISS COLLINS, [linois
DAN BURTON, Indiana HENRY A. WAXMAN, California
J. DENNIS HASTERT, Illinois TOM LANTOS, Califernia
CONSTANCE A. MORELLA, Maryland ROBERT E. WISE, JR., West Virginia
CHRISTOPHER SHAYS, Connecticut MAJOR R. OWENS, New York
STEVEN SCHIFF, New Mexico EDOLPHUS TOWNS, New York
ILEANA ROS-LEHTINEN, Florida JOHN M. SPRATT, JR., South Carolina
WILLIAM H. ZELIFF, JR, New Hampshire LOUISE McINTOSH SLAUGHTER, New
JOHN M. McHUGH, New York York
STEPHEN HORN, California PAUL E. KANJORSKI, Pennsylvania
JOHN L. MICA, Florida GARY A. CONDIT, California
PETER BLUTE, Massachusetts COLLIN C. PETERSON, Minnesota
‘THOMAS M. DAVIS, Virginia KAREN L. THURMAN, Florida
DAVID M. MCINTOSH, Indiana CAROLYN B. MALONEY, New York
JON D. FOX, Pennsylvania THOMAS M. BARRETT, Wisconsin
RANDY TATE, Washington GENE TAYLOR, Mississippi
DICK CHRYSLER, Michigan BARBARA-ROSE COLLINS, Michigan
GIL GUTKNECHT, Minnesota ELEANOR HOLMES NORTON, District of
MARK E. SOUDER, Indiana Columbia
WILLIAM J. MARTINI, New Jersey JAMES P. MORAN, Virginia
JOE SCARBOROUGH, Florida GENE GREEN, Texas
JOHN B. SHADEGG, Arizona CARRIE P. MEEK, Florida
MICHAEL PATRICK FLANAGAN, Illinois CHAKA FATTAH, Pennsylvania
CHARLES F. BASS, New Hampshire BILL BREWSTER, Oklahoma
STEVEN C. LATOURETTE, 01 TIM HOLDEN, Pennsylvania
MARSHALL “MARK” SANFORD, South

Carolina BERNARD SANDERS, Vermont
ROBERT L. EHRLICH, JR., Maryland (Independent)

JAMES L. CLARKE, Staff Director
KEVIN SABO, General Counsel
JupiTa McCoy, Chief Clerk
BuD MYERS, Minority Staff Director

SUBCOMMITTEE ON NATIONAL SECURITY, INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS, AND CRIMINAL
JUSTICE

WILLIAM H. ZELIFF, JR., New Hampshire, Chairman

ROBERT L. EHRLICH, JR., Maryland KAREN L. THURMAN, Florida
STEVEN SCHIFF, New Mes ROBERT E. WISE, JR., West Virginia
ILEANA ROS-LERTINEN, Florida GENE TAYLOR,

JOHN L. MICA, Florida TOM LANTOS, California

PETER BLUTE, Massachusetts LOUISE McINTOSH SLAUGHTER, New
MARK E. SOUDER, Indiana York

JOHN B. SHADEGG, Arizona GARY A. CONDIT, California

BILL BREWSTER, Oklahoma
Ex OFFicto

WILLIAM F. CLINGER, JR., Pennsylvania CARDISS COLLINS, Illinois
ROBERT CHARLES, Staff Director
MARSHALL COBLEIGH, Senior Policy Advisor
SEAN LITTLEFIBLD, Special Assistant
CHERRI BRANSON, Minority Professional Staff

ap


119

I don’t mean to point a finger at parents. I said in my written
remarks that I have been working with kids and parents for 20
years, and I can count on the fingers of one hand how many bad
parents I’ve met. I have met a lot of really good People with big
hearts that really need some skills. That is one of the voids that
I think we need to start addressing as well.

I think D.A.R.E. does that a little bit in their programs for par-
ents, but we need to arm them. They don’t have neighbors. They
don’t have grandparents and aunts and uncles that live nearby like
when I was growing up. If I got out of line I had an aunt or an
uncle who gave me a good one, and that is how I was dealt with.
That doesn’t exist anymore.

Mr. ZELIFF. How much do you all see, evidence of parents getting
involved? You have obviously invited parents to come to class. Do
they come?

Mr. Tracy. This year, we also used to have a group graduation
for the whole city. This year we tried something different and went
to each individual school and allowed them to have graduation.
That way parents would be allowed to attend because there was
room for them.

The participation level was a lot higher than in years past. Our
goal was to allow parents an opportunity this year for taking one
step further and invite them. We want to let them know that if you
want to come and sit through a class you're more than welcome to

lo that.

Mr. MITCHELL. We make a strong effort to get the parents in-
volved, but any school teacher will tell you that there is a certain
group of parents that are always there taking advantage of oppor-
tunities to develop their skills as parents, and a certain group that
are rarely there. Most school teachers will probably tell you the
ones who really need to be there are the ones that didn't show up.

That is a real hard process because with the kids you have a cap-
tive audience with the D.A.R.E. Program. They have to come to
school, more or less, and you've got them.

Once you've talked to them, captured their attention or imagina-
tion, away you go. But with the parents you have no leverage and
no control, particularly with the parents that need to be their the
most. You have the least leverage on them.

Mr. Ze.irr. Thank you.

Mr. Mica.

Mr. Mica. Mr. Mitchell, you spoke in your remarks about some
problems with strings attached from the Federal levels. I think
that one of your recommendations would probably be, as we look
at block grants, et cetera, we set some general parameters and
leave more discretion to local projects, local officials. Was that your
recommendation?

Mr. MITCHELL. That is a fair assessment of how I feel. In the
previous panel someone said you can’t design a Federal program
that is going to work in every community, and I think that is abso-
lutely true.

But there are certain broad guidelines that I tried to lay out in
my presentation that I think are transferable in a general sense.
It takes a community to come together to have a chance of prevent-
ing drug use.


68

using Manchester as a model is that we were able to bring together
all of the various forces. That is, the financial community, the busi-
ness community, the residents in the area, the public and private
sector, and the business community.

As a matter of fact, I spoke to a conference that was sponsored
by the Federal Home Loan Bank in January on just that very sub-
ject.

I am always pleased when they use our city as a model. So what
we're trying to do is build some future success on the success that
we've already enjoyed.

With Neighborhood Housing Services, there isn’t any question
about what things have certainly improved in the area because we
are doing it a home at a time, a block at a time.

That is the only way to do it. There is no quick fix that is going
to be able to address that problem, but it is a situation that we are
going to have to persist in over the long period.

I’ve said that as long as I’m the mayor of this community that
we will persist in this, and I will make the commitment that is nec-
essary to do that.

Now, in building on that success we had with Neighborhood
Housing Services, we had the Enterprise Community Grant that
we had applied for, we had a couple of hundred people in our com-
munity that got together, brain-stormed, and were trying to figure
out what we could do to make the city of Manchester a better place
to live.

We are very fortunate in that we are one of 65 communities that
were selected to receive an enterprise grant. From that enterprise
grant, about $700,000 of that over a 5-year period will come for
community policing.

In recognizing the problem that we have in our inner city, this
is going to come in to enable us to persevere in our efforts to rid
the community of the drug dealers.

Money Magazine just rated Manchester, NH as the 12th best city
to bring up your family. But I can assure you that this is not going
to be the 12th best city or the 300th best city for drug dealers, be-
cause they’re not welcome here. We are trying to make that mes-
sage get across to them very loud and clear: we don’t want you
here. But we want this community to be the kind of community
where we can work together, live together, have a decent job, bring
up your family, get a good education, and have some good oppor-
tunity here.

Mrs. THURMAN. Mayor, I would get in trouble if I didn’t say this,
but one of the cities that I represent was No. 1, Gainesville. We
will welcome you down there to see what we're doing as well.

Mr. WIECZOREK. That gives us something to shoot for.

Mrs, THURMAN. There you go. But I would be in trouble, you re-
alizg this, if I hadn’t said that. We congratulate you on your work
on that.

Alice, what do you believe, in working with your community lead-
ers, was the biggest support you received, and what would you
offer to other communities that face similar problems as you did?
If we were to go back to our home towns, what would you tell us
to tell our leaders and the folks that live in those communities?
And what would be the best example for us to give them?


152

at a different means or not, that will be due to our ability to be

able to see eye to eye, and I hope to be able to work with you.
Thank you.

Mr. Frost. Thank you.

Mr. ZEuIFF. No. 13.

(No response.]

Mr. ZELIFF. No. 17.

{No response.]

Mr. ZELIFF. No. 5.

[No response.]

Mr. Souper. That’s a Bill Bennett. [Laughter.]

Mr. ZELIFF. Yes. Speaking about the drug czar.

Mr. GERRISH. Congressman, thank you very much for this oppor-
tunity to speak to your committee. It reminds me of the New
Hampshire way which, unlike other States, a participant can go be-
fore the legislature in the various committees and they are given
an opportunity to speak. This reminds me of that process.

My name is Richard Gerrish, and I currently hold the position
of president of Drugs are Dangerous, Inc. We call ourselves DAD.

Basically we serve the families of the Sullivan regional school
district comprising the towns of Newton and Kingston.

Our organization was incorporated as a direct result of a teen
suicide in our community approximately 8 years ago. A teenager
with a history of drug and alcohol abuse. He put a gun to his head
before a large crowd at a local pizza shop, his parents being in the
crowd, and blew his brains out.

That very act brought our community out of denial. Sometimes
some good comes out of situations like that.

So in addition to creating natural high experiences for families
and youth in our community, the number of activities throughout
the school year, we embarked a few years ago in offering intensive
parenting classes that were led by trained parent educators for
parents of preschoolers, 6 to 10, 10 to 14, and 15 to 18, including
intensive parenting classes for parents of divorced and separated
parents.

After the first year of operating these classes, the superintendent
of the school was amazed at the response of the parents. We had
to turn parents away.

Mind you, all these classes were led by trained parent edu-
cators—anywhere from 10 to 15 hours.

As a result of that, the superintendent wanted to participate in
next years’ program by expanding into other age groups—realizing
that 73 to 75 percent of all teenagers, juveniles, brought before the
court system across this country, New Hampshire is no exception,
are juveniles that come from broken homes. There is a direct cor-
relation there. Most juveniles come before the court system from
broken homes, and the majority of them have drug and alcohol
abuse problems.

DAD, in collaboration with other child advocate youth groups
within New Hampshire 2 years ago we brought before the legisla-
ture a bill that would require all divorced and separating parents
having children under the age of 18 would be required, court or-
dered, to attend the parenting series to educate them as to what


79

Boston, Los Angeles and Manchester, NH. We need to look at all
the different areas and interests and needs.

Mr. Mica. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I yield back.

Mr. ZELIFF. Thank you. Before I yield to Mrs. Thurman, Mr.
Mayor, how involved has the business community gotten in this
project? At this point, have they taken the same walk that we've
taken?

I know that when we had a breakfast meeting with business
leaders around the State, the chief was talking about the fact that
the business community has to get involved to make this thing
work; we talked about the incidence of crime after school when kids
come home to an empty house; the need to provide activities, orga-
nized activities, whether they be athletics or what have you.

Give us your assessment of where that is at this point, or where
it is going. I know if you are involved—if they're not there yet, they
will be, but maybe you can give us a flavor of the business commu-
nity’s involvement at this point.

Mr. WIECZOREK. Well, they have to be involved. They’re a very
important part of every community, as they are in this community.
That is one of the elements that we had in the partnership with
Neighborhood Housing Services.

I know that there are people from the Chamber, for example,
Peter, that I know, when they have the opportunity, they take the
chance to ride with some of the officers so they can really see our
police department in action.

This gives them a better idea of what is going on in our city, and
we need to have their involvement and their support. If we don’t
have that, it would be like talking into an empty bag, that nobody
is really going to know.

But here they have firsthand experience on what they’ve seen.

They then become very supportive of the things that we're trying
to do, and they recognize that there are problems in the commu-
nity, because if you're insulated from it and you live in a part of
the city that doesn’t have problems like you have in the inner city,
you probably would assume that maybe things aren't too bad.

But if you're living there every single day, you know there are
problems. That is the reason why I said it is so critical, so critical,
that people become involved.

When we say people, we're talking about everybody: the resi-
dents, the business community, the elected officials. Everybody has
to be involved if you really want it to work.

Mr. ZELIFF. My guess would be that as this program in Man-
chester takes off and continues to be successful, the chief's budget
request to you, based on performance, are probably going to be bet-
ter received. I imagine the business community could ultimately
provide a source for outside funding.

Any comment?

Mr. WIECzoREK. Yes, Congressman. I’ve made the statement that
the thugs and drug dealers are not going to take over this commu-
nity. I said I would do whatever I would have to do to cooperate
with our police chief and his department.

He is the professional. I don’t profess to tell him how to fight
crime in our community, but I know he knows how to fight crime.


OADAP’s Prevention programming is founded on the belief that families are
strengthened and are at less risk of substance abuse if they are made aware and are fully
informed. Our programs reflect the fact that, to be effective, prevention and education efforts
must be implemented on the community level with input from and support of local citizens.
Multiple strategies are implemented to reduce specific risk factors contributing to alcohol,
tobacco, and other drug use and related behavior problems, and to strengthen protective factors to
ensure young people’s health and well-being. We support Student Assistance Programs,
Parenting Training, Peer Leadership Programs, ongoing curriculum efforts, alternative schools,
Challenge Courses, and have received over a million dollars worth of free media spots last year
through the Partnership for a Drug-Free New Hampshire campaign. OADAP wholeheartedly
supports D.A.R.E.

TnConclusion

We applaud what Manchester has done, and are grateful for all levels of law enforcement,
but we all know that where there are buyers there will be sellers. So we will never, never win
this war on drugs if we don’t give equal attention to the treatment and prevention battle fronts.

Thave included in the written testimony a detailed description of our treatment network
including costs, a description of our prevention efforts, and have also listed New H: ire’s.
concerns relative to the new proposed Performance Partnerships and the Senate's move - at least
as of today - to reduce the Block Grant allocation.


128

If you would like to stay around, we have 20 folks that have
taken a number. We will try—as many that can stay, please stay
for an hour for this portion of it.

We're going to ask everybody, the citizens, to come up, and we'll
call your number. If you will come up to one of those microphones.
I guess there is one in the center of the aisle and one over here.

tate your question. We're going to time you for about a minute,
and we would like to see if you can condense your thoughts into
a minute. We will need a minute to respond. That will take 40 min-
utes or so, and then we will leave the balance of the time for what-
ever anybody would like to use it for.

Who is No. 1? Oh, we're going to do a raffle here.

OK. No. 7. Go ahead.

Ms. MARQUEZ. Good afternoon, ladies and gentleman. My name
is Nury Marquez and I’m the executive director of the Alliance of
Hispanic Americans in Manchester, NH.

The Alliance and the community we represent has taken on the
very challenging problem of illegal substances in our communities.
The Alliance and the community not only applauds these efforts,
but support these efforts.

For example, the Alliance has a unique teen program that in-
volves 100 inner city youths in personal and academic opportuni-
ties so that they can have a hope for their future, and gain the
skills, knowledge and confidence to know that they are persons in
their community who can become contributing citizens.

The Alliance also has workers targeting abusers and street work-
ers trying to get to them so that they can overcome their addiction,
and not have to resort to some of the illegal activity in which they
must. engal e in order to support their addiction.

This, ladies and gentleman, is being proactive as opposed to reac-
tive. More of these programs ought to exist in Manchester.

In addition, many Hispanic community members, many of whom
are, “relatively new immigrants” to Manchester, have not only
taken Manchester as their new home but have quickly begun to
make, significant critical positive contributions tc Manchester's

owth.
ersome of them have opened mom and pop neighborhood based
storefronts, and in doing so have fully adopted Manchester as their
new home, and quickly recognize that they have something very
positive to contribute—-coneerned with the manner in which this
drug problem is being almost exclusively associated with this sig-
nificant community, and it is of even greater concern with the man-
ner in which members of the community have been treated by var-
ious law enforcement officials engaged in Operation
Streetsweeper—community members. It appears that they have
been unjustifiably targeted, stopped, questioned, searched and their
photographs taken. On various occasions their homes have been en-
tered and searched and their immigration status questioned. In
every case they have proved to have been here legally.

Operation Streetsweeper—community members went beyond one
particular neighborhood. It was a citywide effort—whether in their
cars, walking, and, yes, even on bicycles—walk about from the
scene without harm. This community of law-abiding, tax-payin;
residents has to live through the humiliation, embarrassment an


134

A good example is what we've been dealing with all day today
here. What we've done is we've put money back in the State and
the State, local, county officials have worked together with Federal
officials to do a job that is tailor made and targeted and done right
here in Manchester.

That is the kind of thing we need to continue to do.

Mrs. THURMAN. I don’t disagree with the chairman. I agree that
there are some programs in the 155 programs that they taiked
about in job training.

I will also say, yes, we did do some reorganization into about four
areas where we collapsed it, but where he is correct is $24 billion
has now moved to $5 billion as part of the cut.

So, yes, while we need to look at administration, we need to look
at fraud, waste, and abuse, and those kinds of things, but taking
it from $24 billion to $5 billion doesn’t necessarily give you the
same savings and the ability for those programs to work.

As far as HUD goes, there are some serious problems with what’s
happening. In fact, during the Ag Committee appropriations ali
rural housing was taken out. We're now, in the Agriculture Com-
mittee, in our part of the budget reconciliation, going to try to put
some more dollars back into those areas. So you’ve got some pretty
major concerns.

As far as the block granting, while I agree block granting needs
to happen, there are some States—and I don’t say that New Hamp-
shire is one of those; I don’t know what your growth rate is—but
I can tell you the significance in Florida is going to be devastating.
It is interesting to me because I talked to several of your citizens
here who are showing up in Florida. They are coming to live in my
community, they are going to require services, and my Medicaid is
not growing at 4 percent; it is growing at 15 and 16 percent. We
can’t keep up with that, which is part of our problem with the
block grant.

Ms. Woops. I also would like to make one quick comment about
job development and social security benefits, that they can be
looked at so people aren’t penalized who go back to work.

Mr. ZELIFF, Thank you very much. | would like to recognize one
of the city aldermen, Tim Reiniger for stopping by. Tim, do you
have a comment or a question?

Mr. REINIGER. My name is Tim Reiniger. I’m the alderman for
this ward, which does encompass part of the inner city. I do want
to thank you for coming on behalf of the residents.

I do want to emphasize that the real reason they’re here is be-
cause of the efforts of the residents of the center city and their de-
termination to take back their streets.

I have been working with the mayor, the other aldermen, and
center city groups in developing ordinances to give them the tools
to fight crime.

These efforts, the police efforts, would go for naught without the
determination of the residents of this area.

I do want to ask a question. One of the tools that we really need
is to combat the absentee landlords, and the problems associated
with property management.


74

Mr. ZELIFF. I_am going to have to cut you off for a second. We
will reconvene. You will have time for one more question when we
come back.

1 would like to talk to you three gentlemen about legalization of
drugs, if you want to kind of think about that a little bit. That is
one that some people think is a great idea. I don’t happen to, but
I would just be interested in your comments.

Alice, I’m sure after our tour we are going to have some ques-
tions for you.

I want to thank Sheriff Wayne Vetter and Sheriff Walt Mursese
for their help and their cooperation in helping, and for both of them
for being here today, and for some of the great work that they're
doing as well.

We will reconvene promptly at 1.

(Whereupon, at 11:47 a.m., the subcommittee recessed, to recon-
vene at 1 p.m., this same day.)

Mr. ZELIFF. The Subcommittee on National Security, Inter-
national Affairs, and Criminal Justice will come to order.

Technically, we’re starting with two witnesses, and two members
will be joined very shortly by the balance of the witnesses as wel.
as the rest of the members.

To save time and have an opportunity for citizens’ input, we
would like to move forward.

I think Congressman Souder, you were in the middle of a ques-
Gon before we cut you off, so if you would like to resume, please
do so.

Mr. Souper. I’m used to that at home. It doesn’t happen as
much in Congress.

I had a couple of questions for Alice. I know I had some chance
to talk with you during our site visit there, but I wanted for the
record to ask what your group has done in the community itself.
How many people you have involved, what kind of mix. Do you
have some kids involved in your group as well?

Ms. SUTPHEN. Yes, we do. We have teenagers involved. Some of
the parents that are there, their children get involved with us.

I can’t give an exact number of the group, but we do have five
members that are active: the chairman, co-chairman, secretary/
treasurer and our P.R. person.

Some of the things we've done is we've started neighborhood
clean-ups where we go around and we clean up the alleyways and
the streets.

We've taken walks around so far to check our area that we are
canvassing to find out what needs to be done to the different build-
ings, what kind of clean-ups that the landlords themselves could
initiate to help make our city a cleaner place.

We do plan on doing more clean-ups, and in the future we're
not—we’re just beginning. We're not real sure what we will be
doing in the future, but we will be planning other things. Also
working with the police department, the community and policing
team.

And when they get their trailer all set up, we do plan on welcom-
ing them in with us.

Mr. SOUDER. Have you started to organize at all by different
blocks? Do you have representatives from the different sections of



32

Mr, ZeLirr. Thank you very much. Mr. Brodeur, you mentioned
Pell Grants. I think one of the problems that we’re dealing with,
lack of resources and diminishing resources, how do you balance
out giving incentives to stay in with incentives to get out?

You can help us as we confront these major issues. If Pell Grants
need to be looked at—we hear people across the country saying,
you get T.V. and a lot of benefits being in jail. You get a lot of in-
centives for—should we concentrate on incentives to get out?
Where do Pell Grants—it seems to me that Pell Grants and edu-
cation is a major part of the solution, and may be something that
we need to revisit.

Any comments on incentives to get out versus incentives to stay
in? And you hear about gym equipment and all the rest of it. Some
of it may not take place in New Hampshire.

Mr. BRODEuR. In New Hampshire, we do allow them to have a
weight room and the television and so forth, but we feel it is a ben-
efit.

If they do not behave themselves, they lose these benefits. They
might & off to another unit, the secure housing unit, for example.
They do not have weight lifting equipment, they do not have the
exercising opportunities and, in fact, they do not have televisions.
So it is a privilege they earn for good behavior.

Getting back to the programs, I’m sure I don’t have to tell you
also that the Bureau of Justice Assistance has been in jeopardy.
The National Institution of Corrections is in jeopardy as far as
being blended with Bureau of Prisons. Budgets are being slashed.
I know you guys have a heck of a tough job right now, but a lot
of those are the ones that generate the programs and the grants
and the assistance that was needed by nationwide departments of
corrections to keep these programs going.

As I mentioned, the Sullivan Academy, again, yes, we're losing
programs and so forth, but we're using this as another alternative.
We have been very privileged to have an awful lot of people like
Geraldine and other agencies throughout the State working to-
gether and basically donating their time and energy to make this
work.

You’ve got your department of employment securities, your post
secondaries, your mental health centers, your drug treatment peo-
ple, and so forth, that for very little money they’re actually donat-
ing the majority of their time and efforts to attempt to divert peo-
ple away from institutions. Not only the State, but the county as
well.

But no matter who is diverting, we feel that that translates di-
rectly to us, but they’re not going to get to us. So programming, as
far as we're concerned, is a very important issue.

Mr. ZeLirr. Thank you very much. My time has run out, but I
would like to put my oar in the water here and tell you I would
love to take a tour of your facilities. Just a short-term tour. I do
not like to hear the click of those bars closing behind me.

I went to Framingham Prison for Women. It was kind of scary.
The first time I’ve ever been in a jail, and as we moved from room
to room, it became more secure. It is one place I don’t think I want
to visit——

Mr. BRODEUR. You are more than welcome to visit any time.


103

49 6% of the students dieled, exercised. or exercised and dieted to try to lose weight or keep from gaining
weight during the past 7 days.
33.2% males: 66.4% females

3.9% of the students made themselves vomit, look diet pills, or made themselves vornit and took diet pills to
lose weight or keep from gaining weight during the past 7 days.
6% males; 6.1% females

64.9% of the students ate frult one or more times yesterday.

69.3% of the students drank fruit Juice one or more times yesterday.

31.0% of the students ate green salad one or more times yesterday.

59.3% of the students ate cooked vegetables one or more thnes yesterday,

34.7% of the students ate hamburger. hot dogs. or sausage one or more times yesterday.

48.4% of the students ate french fries or potato chips one or more limes yesterday

59.4% of the students ale cookies. doughnuts. ple. or cake one or more times yesterday.
EXERCISE

65.0% of the students exercised or participated in sports activities for at feast 20 minutes that made them
sweat and breathe hard, such as basketball, jogging. fast dancing, swimming laps, tennis, or similar aerobic
activities for 3 of more of the past 7 days.

52.3% of the students did stretching exercises, such as toe touching, knee bending. or leg stretching during
3 or more of the past 7 days.

50.3% of the students did exercises to strengthen or tone thetr niuscles, such as push-ups. sil-vps, or weight
lifting during 3 or more of the past 7 days.

35.8% of the students walked or bicycled for at least 30 minutes at a time on 3 or more of the past 7 days.
46.5% of the students went to physical education (PE) class one or more days in an average school week.

39.0% of the students spent more than 20 minutes actually exercising or playing sports during an average
physical education (PE) class.

50.3% of the students played on one or more sports teams run by thelr school. not including PE classes.
during the past 12 months.

38.7% of the students played on one or more sports teams run by organizations outside their schoot during
the past 12 months.


39

Mr. SoupER. Yes, right. I wanted to make a couple of comments.
As one of the new freshmen who have come to Washington with a
specific message, to have Washington back off to reduce its budget
and to balance the budget. While we understand the concerns
about the money, you’ve acknowledged that we indeed in Washing-
ton have a financial problem.

First off, we also have a philosophical debate going on, probably
for the first time since at least the Webster-Clay-Calhoun era, and
maybe back to the original founding of the republic, of what is the
Federal role and what's the State role.

Clearly, when it comes to interdiction, New Hampshire cannot go
down to Colombia, battle Mexico, and worry about interdiction.
There our role is very clear. As we move to D.A.R.E. Programs, and
we move to treatment Programs, as we move to local law enforce-
ment more, if not most, of that responsibility falls on the States
and local communities.

To some degree, as the problems are coming in nationally, we
have a transfer of’ some States who are not able to afford it, or to
supplement, but that is not primarily the role of the Federal Gov-
ernment.

There has been too much abdication of responsibility in looking
at the Federal Government to solve the problems when, in fact, the
Federal Government is flat broke.

In New Hampshire it would not be tolerated to have the financial
condition that the Federal Government has. We have no money.
We print money that should be criminal to do so. We pay for that
in Indiana and New Hampshire with higher inflation, higher inter-
est rates.

We weaken our ability to have economic growth. We sell off our
American assets because foreign countries have an excess amount
of money to come into this country and these things are intolerable,
and we are committed to changing it.

In the process of making those changes, we're trying to move as
much as we can back to the State level. Hopefully, things can be
more efficient, but there’s going to need to be an understanding at
the local and State level that if they want maintenance of the dol-
lars there is going to have to be more participation at the local
level for that, because the Federal Government is going to stop—
and we’re determined to make it stop—the excess spending.

That said, I too want to commend our subcommittee chairman
and ranking member for making sure that in the drug war we keey
a fair amount of dollars in that category, and in fact don’t back off.

We have done a lot in this committee. So far, Chairman Zeliff
has been like a lone ranger, but hopefully, as these statistics con-
tinue to come out, others will join in, in Congress, and make sure
that we do indeed raise the level.

I would like to follow up with Attorney General Howard.

You said something that I didn’t fully understand. You had the
charts come out at the last minute there. The ALEC study and that
New Hampshire has found a way.

You seemingly were suggesting that your incarcerations and
mandatory minimums have increased, and you've had a cor-
responding decline. Is that the basic thrust of what you were say-
ing?


64

Mr. ZELIFF. Thank you very much, Chief.

Paul Gagnon, you have been a major part of the success of Oper-
ation Streetsweeper and the effort here in New Hampshire. Thank
you for being here.

Mr. GAGNON. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, members of the commit-
tee. I you for asking me to be here with you this morning.

I can only echo Chief Favreau’s remarks regarding the genesis
and implementation of Operation Streetsweeper. I would like to
touch briefly upon some Federal aspects of the operation, and how
it ties in with the administrations anti-violence crime initiative.

The situation in Manchester happened to be developing at a time
when the district of New Hampshire’s newly created anti-violent
crime working group was just getting up to speed.

This was an initiative implemented by the U.S. attorney’s at the
direction of Attorney General Janet Reno. In New Hampshire, As-
sistant U.S. Attorney Gary Millano was assigned to act as a coordi-
nator of our group.

During an early meeting of the group, an attempt was made to
identify the most serious violent crime problems within our State.

Thankfully, the violent crime problem in this State is nowhere
near the magnitude it is in many other parts of the country and,
indeed, even other parts of New England.

The members of the group agreed basically that use of firearms
by armed career criminals during crimes of violence and the use of
firearms during drug trafficking crimes were the most serious vio-
lent crimes we faced.

The group included Manchester Police Department, New Hamp-
shire State Police, the New Hampshire attorney general, the New
Hampshire Drug Task Force, DEA, ATF, INS, U.S. Marshal and
the Hillsborough County attorney.

I would like to note that these are the same groups that later
on participated in Operation Streetsweeper, which as Chief
Favreau pointed out, marshaled Federal, State and local law en-
forcement resources into a large long-term cooperative effort.

As the chief has noted, the initial phases at least of the operation
and some of the later phases were directed by the Manchester Po-
lice Department and our office. But by the time Phase III had
started, active participating agencies included all the members of
the violent crime working group plus the county sheriff and the
U.S. Department of Urban Development.

One of the critical features, I think, of Operation Streetsweeper
was the utilization of Federal funding for the purpose of supporting
New Hampshire’s effort against violent crime. Such funding was
available under various Federal statutes and programs, such as the
Byrne Grant and last year’s crime bill funds.

I think the operation can be viewed as a prototype of what can
be achieved as a result of hard work and close cooperation between
Federal, State and local law enforcement.

As the Attorney General Jeff Howard pointed out, we in New
Hampshire are not immune to so-called law enforcement turf bat-
tles that occur here and in other parts of the country, but this real-
ly was the epitome of pure interagency cooperation, and the results
have been noted as being successful.


148

In turn, they’re going over and getting hunting licenses. They’re
goin to towns and getting welfare, and they’re wanted felons.

ere drug dealers.

Two years ago Senator Roberge filed legislation mandating New
Hampshire to check NCIC before giving driver licenses and reg-
istrations. Commissioner Flynn of the Department of Safety op-
posed this legislation saying it would cost $15 per person and they
would have to do fingerprint cards.

My wife met with the FBI in Washington and they wrote us a
letter saying that is not needed.

The legislation is currently being rewritten by the House Trans-
portation Committee.

The New Hampshire Department of Safety ran a pilot program
for a period of 1-month license renewals, and six wanted felons who
were living in New Hampshire, having driver licenses, who were
coming up for license renewal were checked through this computer,
and six of them were found to be wanted felons. Three of them
were drug dealers.

One of them was Mr. Jones. He moved here from Florida at the
beginning of this year. He obtained a tractor trailer drivers license.
He had registered three vehicles. Mr. Jones is wanted in
Hillsborough County, FL on drug charges, and he is living right
here at 312 Cedar Street in Manchester. And he has a tractor trail-
er license which amazes me. When someone moves from another
State and applies for a drivers license, New Hampshire does not
check NCIC to see if they are a wanted felon.

The car they moved from a State like Florida, we check the car
to see if it is stolen through NCIC, but we don’t check the person.

Senator Roberge’s legislation mandates that when somebody
moves here and applies for a drivers license—check NCIC to see if
they are a wanted felon.

In this county alone, 38 percent of the wanted felons are wanted
for drug offenses. County-wide, country-wide there are 392,000
wanted felons. Drugs are mainly transported with motor vehicles.
Why not make it more difficult for drug dealers to move about.
Take away their drivers license, plates and ID cards. That is what
Senator Roberge is trying to do through her legislation.

This is a cost-effective way to catch wanted felons when they are
applying for a drivers license, non-drivers ID card or registration

late.

P Mr, ZELIFF. Thank you very much. I plan to—we will plan to lis-
ten to the progress of her legislation. 1 intended to see Commis-
sioner Flynn to talk to him from his end of it to see what we can
do ypithin Public Works.

TK,

Mr. SoupER. I just wanted to make a technical point for the
record, and that is that the chairman has done something extraor-
dinary with this hearing and given people the opportunity to come
forth and speak.

One of the general rules of Congress is that there is a swearin;
in. Not that anybody isn’t telling the truth, but we probably shoul
note that the witnesses aren’t sworn in.

You named an individual and if you were under oath—I am not
suggesting that the individual isn’t correct—if you were under


35

we et the opportunity in Washington to hear the rest of the story,
aul Harvey says with his leadership.

We appreciate this opportunity, and hearing from local and State
officials who will be affected by some of the policy changes that
we're anticipating.

One of my concerns in working on the drug problem, not only as
a Member of Congress now, but having overseen some of the activi-
ties and working on the staff of the Senate back in the early 1980's
is that a lot of the programs that we have had have failed. I think
there were 154 or 160 Federal drug treatment and various assist-
ance programs. A lot of them don’t show a very good rate of suc-
cess.

You, obviously, have found a good match and mix here of Fed-
eral, State, local and civic involvement. I only have one question
for you, and that relates to what got us in the situation in the be-
ginning.

Now, if you’ve got 91 percent of our prisoners—or some surveys
that you’ve had show that they've been involved in drugs, and we
get to the treatment, that is sort of the long end of the stick in the
concentration. Something is getting us into this situation, some pol-
icy, some change, obviously. We didn’t have that number years ago.

So what changes do you see as necessary as far as Federal pol-
icy? It may be in the welfare system, it may be in the social sys-
tem, it may be in the break down of values, a set of responsibilities,
education, joblessness.

Can you point to how we can stop putting our resources at the
very costly end of this stick, after the crime has been committed
and the person has been addicted, and the person is a violator?
That is a general question. Maybe you all could give me your 2
cents worth.

4 We will just start down with Mr. Howard and work our way
lown.

Mr. Howarp. I believe that a great deal of the problem is a re-
sult of the breakdown of the family, the breakdown in world val-

ues.

I don’t sit here and pretend to know how the U.S. Congress can
turn that around. I think our first obligation is to deal with public
safety, to deal with the problem that is confronting us at this point.

I don’t believe that to get at the root causes that the answer lies
in our welfare system. I believe it lies in restructuring our welfare
system so that families can grow and flourish as a family structure.

I understand that is a general answer, but that is my own per-
sonal philosophy.

The one thing that I think Congress could do would be a greater
emphasis on immigration policy. We have found that a great per-
centage of our drug traffickers in the State are illegal aliens, and
we have no way to deal with them. The INS doesn’t have an office
in New Hampshire.

Mr. Mica. Thank you. Ms. Sylvester.

Ms. SYLVESTER. I guess I would echo what the attorney general
has said. It has been a breakdown of the family. You know how
people are moving, the transience, there are no more nucleus
groups and extended families for people to rely on. I don’t know
what in the world the Federal Government can do about that.


67

told don’t do it again. Parents cannot control their children any-
more because their hands have been tied by the threat of child
abuse.

Parents need their control back. They need to be free to punish
their children as they see fit. I don’t mean to beat them or an’
abuse at all, but I don’t feel that parents should have to live witl
the threat of, “If you hit me, I'll call the police and you will be
charged with child abuse,” and the threat is there.

I personally do not have any children, and the way our society
is today, I’m sad to say, but I am thankful. There is so much bad
in our world today that the good is hard to find, but if more and
more good people get together with one another and work together
as a team, we can make a difference. We can help teach others how
to make a difference.

I realize that there is no such thing as a perfect world, and there
probably never will be, but let’s work together to make our neigh-
borhoods a better place for us all, because for most of us our com-
munities are our own little corners of the world.

Mr. ZELIFF. That’s great. Thank you very, very much. [Applause.]

A great job. We look forward to the tour, too.

Let me ask the panel and probably particularly Paul, are you
going to be with us during the tour?

Mr. GacNnon. Yes, I will.

Mr. ZELIFF. You will. OK. I was a little concerned.

Just to talk about the question piece of this, we may not be able
to finish. We need to leave here promptly at quarter of. Be ready
to vacate the room at quarter of. The media would like to be able
to record some of this for 12 news, so we would like to be able to
accommodate them if we can.

What we will do is open up the questions. If nobody has a time
restraint, those questions will reconvene at 1 promptly after the
tour and finish up the questions if that will work.

Does that provide a problem for anybody?

(No response.]

Mr. ZELIFF. Great. Good.

Mrs, Thurman.

Mrs. THURMAN. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Thank you all for
being here as well.

Mayor, I have to tell you prior to coming to the U.S. Congress
1 also was a mayor of a very small city, so I appreciate your and
the chief's work, and certainly Alice in bringing the issues to your
community and to your leaders. I know it is a tough job.

Let me start with that, though, because it is my understanding
that in 1995 you all received a $3 million Federal grant from the
Department of Housing and Urban Development under the Enter-
prise Empowerment Zone Community Grant Program to revitalize
inner city areas.

Can you address for us what progress you have made in develop-
ing public/private partnerships, which you did mention in your
opening, and do you envision that that revitalization of those areas
will help eliminate the drug problem?

Mr. Wieczorek. Thank you very much. I certainly think that it
will. I know that when we first established a public/private part-
nership for Neighborhood Housing Services, the reason they were


104

RESULTS OF PRIDE SURVEY

ELEMENTARY: Grade 6 Only
Drugs, Alcohol, Tobacco:

— All twelve schools reported some level of smoking within the past year.
= Seven schools reported > 10% of their population were smoking during the past year.

_ Eight schools reported > 10% drank beer during the past year.
— Three schools reported > 20% drank beer during the past year.

— Two schools reported some use of hallucinogens during the past year.

Commentary: In spite of significant training and purchase of educational materials, program
[Here's Looking at You Loot not currently being fully utilized .

Guns and Gangs:

— _ Allschools report having children participating in gang activities.
— Nine report drug/alcohol involvement within the gang activity question.
— Six schools report children having brought a gun to school.

, We can continue to enlist the support of the police department in this area of
instruction. [G.R.E.A.T.].

Suicidal Ideations:

— Eleven schools reported pupils thinking about suicide.
— Of these eleven over half reported related drug/alcohol usage.

: Seems to indicate a need for improving coping skills...elementary guidance
counselors might be helpful in this instruction.

Violence towards teachers and peers:

— All schools reported pupils threatening to harm another student or teacher.
— All schools had a signif ant number of students reporting they were fearful of being hurt
by another student.

Trouble with the police:

— All schools have pupils reporting getting in trouble with the police.
_ Ten relate drug/alcohol usage in this area.


126

So the solution might not be necessarily making it illegal, but in
mobilizing the community to do something about the problem, and
having these people respond to the market forces and what the
community expects.

Mr. ZELIFF. I would be interested. Could you find any press clips
in that and put it into the record.

Mr. AHMAN. It is right here.

Mr. ZELIFF. How about that for unsolicited testimony. That is
great.

Mr. SouDER. Does anybody else want to comment on that? Do
you see that in the different areas? Any reactions on other ways
to deal with that?

No response.]

Mr. ZELIFF. May I refer one quick question or comment.

Mrs. THURMAN. Not so much a question but very similar to what
you've just talked about, Mark, in one of our other hearings there
was testimony from a father and his child who had been involved
in the Partnership for Drug-Free America, where the kid had actu-
ally gotten involved and worked in this. So there are some of those
that have been working too.

Those are all the TV ads that you see. Those with the frying pan
and the cag. You know all those have really—were brought out
from some kids,

Mr. ZELIFF. I would just like to comment a minute or so to some
steps that we are going to take. Then I will release the panel and
we will open it up to citizen involvement.

We are working now with Charlie Rangel, a Democrat from New
York City who has been a leader in the drug effort. We're pulling
together 40 Members of Congress to form a basic core group of peo-
ple who care about the drug issue and help us fight for a solution
to that, to put it on the front burner.

We're going to meet on a regular basis and hopefully come up
with some legislation.

The creation of a business roundtable consisting of CEOs and
other-business leaders concerned with drug abuse. The Speaker of
the House is going to help us. We’re going to put together some of
the Nation’s top CEOs across the country and talk about drug test-
ing in the workplace, what they can do to help, and what we can

0.

We're talking about doing drug testing in the U.S. Congress. I’m
willing to be the first person who walks down the hall, and I think
everybody in our committee will, and I’m sure everybody on my
statt will.

Again, it is not a big deal by itself, but if we’re serious about it,
why shouldn’t we require every member—every person that gets a
Government check to take a drug test.

My son Michael is in the Marine Corps—{applause.]

I Know that being a Captain in the Marine Corps—he’s been
there 11 years. He was prior enlisted and went through OCS. Any
time, any day, in any 30-day period they can take a test, can be
asked to take a test. If he fails it, he’s gone. He’s out. His career
is finished.

If we're going to win that is what we're going to have to do.
Those are Re kinds of things we need to do.


45

key factors in having something like this happen and having it
work successfully is to pet the citizens involved in their community.

Without citizen involvement there is no way that we could hire
enough police to have one standing on every corner for every shift
7 days a week. It is absolutely impossible.

To have our police department and other law enforcement agen-
cies act as effectively as they possibly can, we need to have the citi-
zens be the eyes and ears of all of these organizations in order to
increase their effectiveness.

Wherever you see this happen, you see a program that works.
You are going to see a program that has worked in our inner city
when you take that tour today, because that was a drug haven.
Now, the folks are at least pleased that they can get out and walk,
and have their kids ride their bicycles in their own community.

I can tell you that as long as we keep you motivated and work-
ing, and the trick here is not to get people involved. They become
involved. The real challenge is to keep them involved. Because if
we relax, and the law enforcement agencies relax, that vacuum will
be filled very quickly by the drug dealers.

They don’t go to the suburban areas. They are going to be in the
urban areas because that is where the people are, that is where
their market is, and that is where we are going to have to continue
to concentrate to make sure that we’re not going to make life too
comfortable for them.

Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

Mr. ZEuIrF. Thank you, Mr. Mayor. Chief.

Mr. FAVREAU. Mr. Chairman, thank you very much. To the
panel, we are very, very pleased to have you here in Manchester,

TH.
Briefly, I would like to give you an overview of what happened
in Manchester and what led to what is referred to as the Man-
chester Experience.

Manchester, as you probably know, is the largest city in the
State of New Hampshire. As such, it is increasingly vulnerable to
those types of criminal problems which urban areas are most prone
to, drug trafficking and crimes of violence.

We certainly became aware of this fact back in the fall of 1994
through information that we had acquired from our own investiga-
tion unit. Other agencies also gave us similar information.

Additionally, what we also Became very well aware of was that
drug traffickers from our neighboring State to the south were being
rousted from their corners by the chiefs down there, and they de-
cided to come to Manchester to test the waters.

They did certainly arrive in our city, and the inner city, which
is the area that you are going to visit today. It became a very dan-
gerous place to walk.

These people, as was said by the earlier panel, are very turf con-
scious, and as a result of this consciousness, they even resorted to
attacking themselves. We had in quick succession two drive-by
gang-related shootings which resulted in deaths on both occasions.

But even prior to these drive-by shootings, as I said, we were
aware of the problem. At the beginning of the year, I think it was
around January, I took a ride up to Concord at the request of Paul
Gagnon, the US. attorney, and we talked about some of the histor-


87

at large all have a role in dealing with the drug problem; but only other young
people can directly affect a student's sense of peer expectations and pressure.
We would strongly recommend that drug abuse prevention funding support and
encourage this type of activity.

Akey part of the success of the Dover Program is the fact that the individual
elements are integrated, coordinated, and structured to support each other.
They are based upon an established strategy that dictates how we expect to
approach the drug problem. Another key feature of our program is the fact that it
is community based. It is not the job of any one agency or entity in the
community to prevent the drug problem. We would recommend that anti-drug
funding promote that theme.

As often as possible, we try to incorporate parents and parent groups into our
drug prevention program. In one instance we approached the director of the 180
unit Dover Housing Authority complex at Mineral Park. This low income
subsidized housing complex has over 300 children in it. | asked if we could
implement the four session “DARE Parents Training Program” at the complex
and require attendance in order to continue to receive a housing subsidy. The
Housing Authority Director advised me that he could not make attendance at this
training program mandatory because Federal HUD regulations prohibit him from
putting conditions on the receipt of housing subsidies. | found this news
exasperating. A large percentage of these children are growing up in a situation
where they have a number of risk factors for future drug use. In addition, this
neighborhood has had a history of drug use in the past and the local HUD Office
has expressed a strong interest in eliminating drug use in public housing. Here
at the local level, we find it hard to comprehend why the federal government
would not utilize the leverage they obtain by providing housing assistance in
order to cause people to participate in training that will heighten their parenting
skills and hopefully help them help us combat the drug problem in their


8

As the subcommittee knows, we are permitted to commit one-half
of the Byrne Grant funds to State funds. We haven’t done that. We
have committed less than one-quarter of the funds to State agen-
cies. The rest of it has all gone back to local communities for their
drug enforcement efforts, their d prevention efforts, including
participation in the State-wide task force.

I would like to leave the committee with two final points to pon-
der as you listen to the other panelists throughout the day. The
first is that this change in the nature of drug trafficking, in Man-
chester in particular and in New Hampshire in general, has re-
sulted in the New Hampshire legislature this past session, at the
request of Governor Merrill completely overhauling, changing, our
juvenile justice structure.

Most of these drug dealers are from out of State. They are young
criminals who simply do not fit in our juvenile justice system as
it stood. We've had to turn that on its head. We've had to treat
them as criminals.

The last point I would like to make is if you would like to know
the one single thing that you could do to help Governor Merrill and
the people of New Hampshire most in this area is to eliminate the
85 percent rule that is currently being deliberated with respect to
crime bill funding.

The American Legislative Exchange Council issued this report a
year ago, and stated that New Hampshire is the model State in
terms of how you turn a crime problem around. From 1960 to 1980,
New Hampshire had the greatest decrease in incarceration levels
of criminals and the greatest increase in crime rates in the whole
country, according to this report.

We adopted truth in sentencing in the early 1980's, so that from
1980 to 1992 we've experienced the greatest increase in incarcer-
ation and the greatest decrease in crime rate of any State in the
Nation. We know how to do it. We have a very effective minimum/
maximum system.

Under the crime bill, virtually none—in fact, less than $2 million
of the $30 billion that is earmarked for Corrections—will come to
New Hampshire. You eliminate the 85 percent rule, we will get a
few million more dollars and will be able to stick to our commit-
ment,

Thank you very much.

Mr. ZELIFF, Thank you very much, Mr. Howard. The Chair now
recognizes the Director of the Office of Alcohol and Drug Abuse
Prevention, Geraldine Sylvester.

Ms. SYLVESTER. Good morning and thank you for being here. It
is a great privilege for the State of New Hampshire to have you
present.

My testimony is going to vary a little from what you hear from
the rest of the panel, but it is something I think we need to take
a look at.

In New Hampshire there is an estimated 140,000 people in some
stages of chemical dependency. Twenty percent of that number are
kids from the ages of 12 to 17, and over 25,000 senior citizens over
the age of 65. There are 90,000 who are alcoholics or abuse alcohol;
about 58,000 who are using and abusing illegal drags; and about
26,000 addicted to your legally available prescription drugs.


THE DRUG PROBLEM IN NEW HAMPSHIRE: A
MICROCOSM OF AMERICA

MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 25, 1995

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,
SUBCOMMITTEE ON NATIONAL SECURITY, INTERNATIONAL
AFFAIRS, AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE,
COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENT REFORM AND OVERSIGHT,
Manchester, NH.

The subcommittee met, pursuant to notice, at 9:30 a.m., at 700
Elm Street, Salon A, Manchester, NH, Hon. William H. Zeliff
(chairman of the subcommittee) presiding,

Present: Representatives Zeliff, Mica, Blute, Souder, Bass, and
Thurman.

Majority staff present: Robert Charles, staff director and chief
counsel, Marshall Cobleigh, senior policy advisor, and Sean
Littlefield, special assistant.

b Minority staff present: Cherri Branson, professional staff mem-
er.

Mr. ZeLIFF. Thank you for coming for what I consider to be a
major challenge facing our country. It should be a very, very inter-
esting day.

The Subcommittee on National Security, International Affairs,
and Criminal Justice shall come to order,

It is great to see so many of our friends, and so many hard-
working folks who are very concerned with this issue. Before we
get started, I would like to introduce my colleagues who have trav-
eled many, many miles to come here and join us.

First I will start with a very important Member, the ranking
Democrat from Florida, Karen Thurman. Karen represents the fifth
district of Florida from Dunnellon, FL, elected in 1992. Her hus-
band just had a kidney transplant, and I’m very excited to know
he is doing well. But she came up special last night. We thank you
very much. We welcome you to Manchester, NH.

Mrs. THURMAN. Thank you.

Mr. ZELIFF. The next important Member is our good friend John
Mica, also from Florida. John Mica was elected in 1992 from Win-
ter Park, FL, representing the seventh district of Florida, he is in
his second term. We’re very excited to have you here, John.

Mr. Mica. Thank you.

Mr. ZEuiFF. And his wife, Pat, is doing some shopping, spreading
some green around New Hampshire, especially in the Manchester
area. [Applause.]

The third person is a great guy from the south of us, Peter Blute.
He was elected in 1992, represents the third district from Shrews-

o))


150

ment, and its transportation agreements with Mexico, they cannot
verify and therefore stop the explosions of drugs from Mexico to the
United States. Now Mexico has the biggest and baddest, I would
ay, cartels in the drug trade.

iow can ay Bob Dole, Senator Gregg and anybody else who
voted for NAFTA preach to hardworking families here in this city,
to the police departments, about our State and our city drug prob.
Jems when you pass trade agreements that help increase this
plight of drugs.

Mr. ZELIFF. Thank you.

Mr. Frost. My question is are you looking at restricting those
transportation agreements in NAFTA, one; and, two, your Tegisla.
tion about verifying, I think if you would talk to the U.S. Customs
and DEA on that, it is impossible to verify. We have no way to ver-
ify.

Mr. ZELIFF. Let me ask you a question. Are you saying that drug
trafficking from Mexico started when we voted for NAFTA?

Mr. Frost. Negative.

Mr. ZELIFF. OK. Thank you. I just wanted to clarify that.

Mr. Frost. I’m not saying that you had any direct involvement,
I’m saying that——

Mr. ZELIFF. I appreciate the clarification because it didn’t start
out that way.

Mr. Frost. No, I understand. The increase. Helped increase.

Mr. ZELIFF. Let me——

Mr. Frost. It is oftentimes that good government legislation is
conflicted by other government legislation——

Mr. ZELIFF. Let me answer the question. I’m not going to get into
a long discussion on NAFTA. I appreciate the sincerity, and I know
where you are coming from, and you're very sincere in making your
comment.

Mr. Frost. But it is that, sir—I’m not arguing that. I’m trying
to compliment you. I don’t want you to feel—I am not trying to do
anything but compliment you for bringing up the issue.

I don’t believe and agree that NAFTA is the problem that you
say it is, but let me get beyond NAFTA if I can.

ir. Frost. I didn’t say—

Mr. ZELIFF. Let me try to answer your question so that you will
have the benefit of my thinking. I believe I’m very committed in
this drug war. I am committed. I am more committed to this than
about anything that I know of other than balancing the budget, but
T would say that this is even more important.

I think I’ve said several times today this is the No. 1 national
security issue we face in this country.

T’ve been down to Mexico. I know what is going on. I’ve been with
the Coast Guard. I’ve been in the interdiction zone. We're going to
the source countries. I indicated twice already—let me just read
one more time.

Mark and I at 4:30 a.m. one day when we were in session all
night introduced H.R. 1868 that conditioned Aid to Mexico based
on their ability to reduce drug traffic.

Mr. SouDER. Let me make a brief comment on the specific point
of verification.

Mr. ZELIFF. Sure.


42

without working for a living, and working to get to that pinnacle
of success, then you just do whatever you want to do.

In this case, money—get money for doing nothing, which is just
taking a substance and causing a horror throughout the country.

Mr. Bass. But drug dealing is a highly risky business. It is as
risky as any military responsibility that you might have. I mean,
if you look at it reasonably, you can see that being a drug dealer
is not as easy as it sounds, you could be killed.

Mr. YoutT. Sir, that is true, but they don’t have many—they don’t
have any value on life. To them life is cheap, especially the street
trafficker.

Many of them feel they are immune from danger. The thing they
concern themselves most about is law enforcement and the other
thing they are concerned about is losing their turf, their territory.

in, we get back to the same issue: money.

ey do not realize/recognize the value of life, and that is the
basis, in my opinion, of what the issue is about as far as money
and life.

Mr. Bass. Ms. Sylvester, go ahead.

Ms. SYLVESTER. I just want to make a comment that they don’t
have to stay in business for very long. In the Dominican Republic,
they have a pet name, and I wish I could think of it, for the young
people, the young males particularly who come in this country, who
stay 2 or 3 years, who push those drugs, can go back home and can
live in the style of a millionaire for the rest of their lives.

They are the ones with the big houses, they’re the ones with the
big cars. They put their neck on the line for fast a very short period
of time because the bucks are big, big dollars. The gentleman is
right; they’re willing to take that kind of risk.

Ir, BASS. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

Mr. ZELIFF. I think we could probably spend the rest of the day
just talking to this panel. You have been very helpful in trying to,
in several areas, give us information to take back and chew on.

We will get back to you, I’m sure, with additional questions, if
that will be OK. We appreciate your involvement. I hope you can
stay for the rest of the day or part of it, at least through the tour.

We also thank you very much for the great effort that you're
making on behalf of New Hampshire and our country.

Attorney General Howard, Geraldine Sylvester, Paul Brodeur,
Neal Scott and Billy Yout, thank you all very much for your com-
mitment to your country. [Applause.]

The Chair would now like to recognize the second panel. If you
could just start moving forward. We are running a little bit behind,
but I think we can catch up. [Pause.]

The Chair would like to recognize our second panel. The first
gentleman, my left, your right, is Mayor Ray Wieczorek, the mayor
of this great city. I believe in your third term, going for your fourth.
Is that correct?

Mr. Wieczorek. Right.

Mr. ZELIFF. We again thank you for your service yesterday as
well. It was very interesting. We look forward to the tour today.

Chief Peter Favreau of the Manchester Police Department, 31
years in police law enforcement work, does work nationwide in ap-
praising and rating other law enforcement agencies.


73

forces. We have the task forces, but it is the type of thing that
you've done early and massive that takes care of it.

Don’t back off. You may be able to push it a little bit for a time
when you back off, but it will keep coming back as long as there
is demand, as we've heard.

But you can stop it as you’ve proved by doing that.

I have a couple of specific questions, if I may. Did you con-
centrate the extra officers just in the one neighborhood where the
problem was, or did you kind of put some at the perimeter too, so
you didn’t squeeze it?

Mr. FAVREAU. They were additionally put into the inner city.
However, the entire city of Manchester was concerned over what
was happening, and they went wherever they were needed.

There were two motorcycles also included. Two State police mo-
torcycles and two Manchester police motorcycles teamed up. Their
job was to ferret out these gangs. They went all over the city. I’m
talking about North Elm Street, which means a lot to you, the
West Side. Anyplace where we saw viable gangs, we would react
by sending two gang interdiction cars with four officers in each car,
being very, very careful to make sure that we had reasonable
grounds to approach them.

It was the activity of the people that initiated the contacts that
we made. As a result of the contacts, we are up to, I think, four
or five photo albums now all full of these people, including descrip-
tions, where they come from, where they were born, all the infor-
mation we could gather in intelligence.

They know that we know who they are. That certainly has a lot
to do with whether or not they’re going to hang around.

In 2 years, we went from 150 known crack houses 2 years ago
down to less than a dozen now, so we are making some pretty good
inroads.

Mr. SoupDER. One of the problems we've seen around the country
as they've moved the juveniles into the prison system, as they’ve
networked, one of the ironies is when I was in L.A. as a senate
staffer meeting with some of the anti-gang groups there, and they
had the thought that if they got the kids out of the area and
shipped them around the country, they could help the California
problem.

Partly what happened was they took the Bloods and the Crips
into the Midwest. We have some, in fact, in Fort Wayne that were
networked through the prison system. They come out of L.A. and
Detroit.

Have you seen that kind of thing pop up in the juvenile system
when you put them in? Or if you get people who come in from far-
ther south into your juvenile justice system that, in fact, they can
organize gang contacts inside the juvenile justice system?

Mr. FAVREAU. No, I haven’t seen any evidence of that here yet.
As a matter of fact, of the program that we're talking about that
we have initiated, it is still brand new.

I think that you're right. I think that we jumped on it so fast
that we never really got a chance to have it take root. I think we’ve
got a handle on it, and we're going to keep it that way.


82

The observations and assessments I would offer is that the way
we feel our program is successful, one, you need that expansive
D.A.R.E. Program. The Gateway Drug Program is highly necessary
as a result of the known progression. For example, young people
in my community using tobacco are known to be far more Tikely to
be later users of other drugs, and that makes them an ideal target
group for early intervention.

We don’t feel we can make significant inroads in the marijuana
problem with teenagers if we’ve already lost the tobacco problem at
third and fourth grade.

Another area I would highlight that I think has application to
other communities beyond Dover, our program is highly cohesive
and coordinated. It is based on a strategy and a plan. It involves
all of the entities and elements working together.

Each component of these programs is supporting of the other
components. It is not merely a variety of agencies and programs
working independently of each other; thereby each program be-
comes reinforced and strengthened by the other programs, and in
the end the overall product is much more effective.

The other area I want to emphasize is the youth area. We were
absolutely amazed by the level of energy and enthusiasm that was
available from the youth in our community once we asked them to
be part of the solution, once we gave them a mechanism for that
to happen.

They came forward and they came up with the most energetic
and enthusiastic part of our entire program. I would say based on
my experience in Dover, these kids probably exist in every single
community out there, and they are probably the most underrated,
under-utilized potential resource in the prevention program that
exists out there.

Only the young person can provide positive peer pressure on a
peer. They act as role models to younger students, and they reach
out to the community at large with their message. A very powerful
force.

A far as funding goes, we are where we are, to the extent we've
carried it, because Federal funding was available to us. We made
heavy use of grants that were available. We were very aggressive
about getting them and putting them to work and making them
work in a way that we feel is successful as part of a unified pro-

‘am.

If they weren't there, we wouldn’t be in very good shape at all
in dealing with this problem. I understand the budgetary pressures
that are upon you as far as balancing the budget and so forth.

I would just offer that you should consider the cost of not doing
prevention and the cost of doing it, as we have, in making those
devisions.

Finally, in my written testimony I’ve included a couple of in-
stances where we feel Federal agencies could have been more forth-
coming or cooperative with us.

One particular example I will highlight. We approached the di-
rector of a 180-unit low-income Dover Housing Authority. It is a
HUD facility. We made a proposal that we would provide the par-
ents a DAKE. training program. It is a four-section program de-


THE DRUG PROBLEM IN NEW HAMPSHIRE: A
MICROCOSM OF AMERICA

HEARING

BEFORE THE

SUBCOMMITTEE ON NATIONAL SECURITY,
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS, AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE

OF THE

COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENT
REFORM AND OVERSIGHT
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

ONE HUNDRED FOURTH CONGRESS
FIRST SESSION

SEPTEMBER 25, 1995

Printed for the use of the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight

es

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
35-394 CC WASHINGTON : 1996

For sale by the U.S. Government Printing Office
5 - ‘of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402
2.

ISBN 0-16-053844-0


108

Certainly a shift from criminal justice to treatment approaches
is well supported by research, but at present no one has been able
to translate these findings into an effective and persuasive national
poncy. an: .

If a shift in policy and resources does occur, the States are in a
good position to take on the administrative oversight of treatment

programs, as they have experience with and competence in treat-
ment services.

Mr. ZELIFF. Thank you very much.

Sergeant Tracy.

Mr. Tracy. Good afternoon. In the 1970's the Manchester Police
Department took a positive and progressive step toward educating
young children about the dangers they may face by implementing
the Officer Friendly program.

Throughout the school year, officers visited the students in kin-
dergarten through third grade. Officers talked to the children about
stranger danger, bicycle and pedestrian safety and other topics.

Time is also spent just visiting with the kids and answering
questions they might want to ask the officer. This program has
proven to be successful because it lets the children know that the
police officer is their friend and is there to help them.

It creates a positive bond between the children and the officer.

In the late 1980’s, we joined several other police departments
from around the country and began to teach D.A.R.E., Drug Abuse
Resistance Education to our sixth grade students. Who better to
teach D.A.R.E. than police officers who deal with all sides of drug
use.

We know who the dealers are and how they peddle their product.
We know who the users are and what happens to them over time
as their health deteriorates and they begin to lose and not care
about their families, friends and loved ones.

Having a police officer in the school to teach the kids about the
dangers of drugs is more effective because the officer can relate
firsthand experience of cases he has dealt with. It gives the kids
a real image to think about instead of just reading about it in a

ook,

During the 17-week D.A.R.E. curriculum, our officers attempt to
educate over 1,200 sixth graders in our city about the dangers and
challenges that they will soon become faced with in respect to
drugs, alcohol and tobacco.

Not only do they tell them about the dangers, but just as impor-
tant, if not more so, they offer the kids suggestions and advice on
how to avoid the constant pressure to use drugs.

Unfortunately, even starting at sixth de we have found that
some kids have already been exposed, cither in their neighborhoods
or at home. For these kids, the only time they receive this positive
information is from us or their teachers.

Ideally, we hope our message is being reinforced at home. A most
recent endeavor at trying to have a positive effect on the lives of
young people has been the implementation of the GREAT Program.
GREAT stands for Gaining Resistance Education and Training. It
is a program that is geared toward junior high aged kids. We teach
it, again, to over 1,200 eighth graders in our city. Like Officer



131

My question really has to do—there has been a lot of discussion
today about budget cuts and how those budget cuts are going to
harm or affect various programs. |

I was wondering if you could sort of give me some more specifics
about that. What exactly is being cut? Are you talking about cut-
ting the overall expenditures for various programs, or are you talk-
ing about cutting the rates of increased expenditure.

ir. SouDER. Are you talking about moneys relevant to the drug
war or are you talking about everything in general?

Ms. Hurst. In general.

Mr. ZELIFF. Everything in general, both in the House and in the
Senate, we're going to do everything we can within the next 3
weeks as we complete the 13 appropriations bills. We’ve done them
all now in the House except DC appropriations.

We're going to balance the budget in the next 7 years. We think
that is something the country wants, certainly people from New
Hampshire want. We're going to do it, we hope, in a way that will
preserve the future of our country for the next generation.

When you get into specific budget items like drug enforcement,
things we talked about today, the budget we're talking about for
1996 is somewhere around $14.6 billion, up from $13.4 billion. Yes,
there was a recision bill on the Safe and Drug-Free Schools Act,
and we are looking to monitor that program to see that the moneys
are used better.

There are some areas like New Hampshire that do it very well.
There are places like Michigan that do a very sloppy job and use
it for all kinds of different things other than the drug program and
the war on drugs.

We're having the IG do an investigation of that and see how we
can tighten it up. We have diminishing resources. We're trying to
put accountability in the process. A program like this, we’re trying
to preserve: we're trying to preserve money for D.A.R.E. and, actu-
ally, for things that work, and get rid of those things that don’t
work.

Basically, on the general overall programs, we're trying to fund
things that we need to fund, and get rid of things that we're wast-
ing. We’re wasting so many resources in this country.

ir, SOUDER. The math of the problem that we have in Washing-
ton is huge because even if our toughest budget goes through, by
the year 2002 the percentage of the Federal expenditures that go
to interest on the debt increases by 3 percent of the Federal budg-
et. .

So if you’re going to balance it by 2002, you’ve got to find 3 per-
cent from somewhere. Medicare is Federal contribution. Under the
Republican plan it still goes up at 7 percent annually, which is
faster than the rate of growth of income. Most of the pension pro-
grams go up at 2 to 4 percent, which is slightly more than the rate
of growth. Defense is flat-lined. It has declined to the point of
where we were pre-Vietnam percentage of the Federal budget.

If you flat-line defense, have the senior citizen programs go up,
the pension programs go up, the interest on the Federal debt goes
up, and Medicaid goes up at roughl the rate of growth, although
it is a declining rate of growth, Medicaid is going up, school

lunches are going up, HeadStart is going up, somewhere you have




109

Friendly and D.A.R.E., GREAT tries to present the police officer in
a positive light to these kids.

As the kids get older, they begin to develop a negative attitude
toward authority figures, especially police officers. We felt it was
important to try to keep a positive bond with these kids. We hope
it will make them think twice before choosing the negative path.
If they know that we truly do care about them.

Kids today have a hard time growing up because of all the nega-
tive pressures they face daily. It is important that they feel they
have someone they can turn to for help or just to talk to.

Because the same three officers do all the three programs in our
schools, they get to know some of these kids personally, and the
kids truly feel that the officers are there to help.

Some of our officers have developed a rapport with some of these
kids that continues to grow throughout the years. It is not uncom-
mon to have a child call or stop by the station to talk to their
D.A.R.E, officer long after their time in school together has ended.

Some of our D.A.R.E. officers have been contacted 3 and 4 years
later by our former students. The students have called when they
are in a jam, have concerns, or just need to talk to someone.

Officer Gilman is one of our current D.A.R.E. officers who doesn’t
stop with just classroom visits. He can be found playing in the
school yard during recess or in the bleachers cheering his students
on during a basketball game. His kids know he truly does care
about them.

This past year, Officer Cavanaugh, one of our first D.A.R.E. offi-
cers, now assigned to the Juvenile Division, was invited to a 16th
birthday party of one of his former students. He had not seen this
student in a few years. In speaking with the mother, Officer
Cavanaugh was told that he made such a positive impression on
her child that her child considers him to be a person he can trust
and look up to.

We believe that not only is it important to educate these kids
about the dangers of drugs and gangs, but it is also important to
make these kids understand we truly do care about them. We will
be there to help them get through these difficult years so they can
grow up to lead productive lives.

In your package, I hope you have a copy of this article from me.
If you have a chance to read it later on, there are four essays the
D.A.R.E. kids write each year. What we do is we read them all, and
from them we pick some of the more exceptional ones and enter
them into an essay contest. I think you will find those very inter-
esting.

[The prepared statement of Mr. Tracy follows:]


30

of the fact that they are splitting up their plots of land throughout
the State.

Marijuana has made its way into the grammar schools. The
grammar schools have been experiencing, not only the upsurge of
marijuana, but other drugs to include LSD.

Domestically. grown marijuana here in the State of New Hamp-
shire, of the THC, is up to 10 percent. Now, 10 percent is up from
1 percent in the 1970’s. As you can see, domestic grown marijuana
has a larger THC content.

Also, domestic grown marijuana in the State can go anywhere
from $2,800 to $4,300 per pound, so you can see it makes it quite
attractive to the traffickers.

Heroin: as been stated recently, heroin has been on the up-rise.
New Hampshire is no exception. Most of the heroin comes into New
Hampshire, in, from the border towns of Lowell, Lawrence and
in some cases Lynn, MA.

Most of the heroin, again, comes from Dominican nationals. The
heroin coming into New Hampshire, we haven’t seen many bulk
forms. However, we see large quantities of bagged heroin. Heroin
is just one of the problems we have to deal with and learn from
our lessons.

Finally, the LSD. LSD, unfortunately, never went away. It was
just resting. Our children weren’t able to learn the lessons of LSD
experiences in the 1960’s and 1970’s, and became an attractive
taboo drug. Traffickers that are trafficking LSD in the State are
usually affluent Anglo males who are trafficking LSD from San
Francisco Bay area into the State to be distributed in the colleges
and the high schools here in the State.

s We see many more instances of LSD taking a firm hold on the

tate. .

As you can see, New Hampshire is not immune from the war on
drugs. Actually, New Hampshire is becoming more attractive to the
traffickers as a Jocation to not only live in, but distribute from.

The DEA programs in the State of New Hampshire include gen-
eral investigations, assisting the State and local agencies and en-
forcement agencies, airport interdiction, marijuana eradication, in-
door and outdoor, and demand reduction.

Demand is an important part of DEA’s mission. That is the edu-
cation, the information, the working with the schools and the par-
ent groups and civic groups. We need that to go hand in hand.

We have to teach the parents, teach the teachers and the busi-
ness community. We must encourage them that we need a drug
free workplace and environment.

Thank you.

Mr. ZELIFF. Thank you very much, Mr. Yout.

Iwill start out the questioning and start with the attorney gen-
eral.

After hearing Bill’s testimony on New Hampshire becoming more
attractive to traffickers, you bring to your job a wide experience,
some of which you had before you got to be attorney general.

The comment that—we're here at this point. When did the situa-
tion and drugs change? Is there a point that you can point to, and
why is it that we’re becoming so attractive to traffickers? Where is
the point of departure and what’s happened?


89

variety of grades over a greater period of a student's development, nor does the
study evaluate the effectiveness of DARE by itself versus DARE being utilized
as the classroom component of a comprehensive communitywide plan.

If my assessment of the RTI study done under the supervision of the NIJ is
correct, then we have the worst of both worlds. We have the controversy and
the doubts that have been raised by the questionable results. In addition, we
still don’t know conclusively to what extent this program is working or not
working, or what might need to be changed in order to make it more effective.
We still feel that it would be useful for the federal government to use its
resources to initiate a long term comprehensive study that would help local
agencies determine what the best drug abuse prevention mechanisms are and in
what combination they should be applied.

| would like to again thank the Committee for its time and consideration of these
issues. If |, or the Dover Police Department, can be of any further assistance on
these or any other issues, it would be our privilege to help in any way.


84

TESTIMONY BEFORE THE
GOVERNMENT REFORM AND OVERSIGHT
COMMITTEE

Sub-Committee on National Security,
Intemational Affairs, and
Criminal Justice

PRESENTED BY: Captain Dana C. Mitchell
Dover Police Department
46 Locust Street
Dover, New Hampshire 03820
(603) 742-4646

PRESENTED ON: September 25, 1995

SPEAKER'S BACKGROUND: Captain Mitchell is an 18 year veteran of the
Dover Police Department. He is responsible for the direct supervision of the
overall Drug Free Dover comprehensive community abuse prevention plan. He
is also the coordinator of the Dover Coalition for Smoke Free Youth, the Adult
Advisor for the Dover Youth to Youth anti-drug peer outreach program, and a
staff member for the New Hampshire Teen Institute.

Good morning Mr. Chairman, and members of the committee. My name is
Captain Dana Mitchell and | am from the Dover Police Department. On behalf of
Chief Fenniman | would like to thank you for holding this hearing on such an
important topic. This afternoon | would like to outline Dover's Anti-Drug Program
and highlight both why we feel it is successful and where we think Congress or
the Federal Government could help us on the local level in the anti-drug effort.


12

D Choice in New .

Over the past five years, the four substances most widely abused among OADAP’s
clients are Alcohol, Marijuana, Cocaine, and Heroin. The trend over these years is a fairly steady
number of alcohol abusers, a gradual increase in the use of Marijuana, Cocaine steady with slight
increases in 1992, 1993 and 1994, and most alarmingly a 100% increase in Heroin use from 1991
10 1995 -

There are two charts in the written testimony; one depicts the numbers of our clients
abusing these four drugs from FY 1991 to FY 1995.

DRUG COMPARISONS
FROM FISCAL YEAR 91 - 95

6000
3000

—
2 ss00 |BALCOHOL
a JBMARIJUANA)
a 3000 |O.COCAINE
6 2000 BHEROIN
*

4000

[, “i ai

FY95 FY94 FY93 FY92 FY91
FISCAL YEAR


4

Phase II was conceived and implemented by the Manchester Police
Chief in conjunction with Lynn Presby, Colonel of the New
Hampshire State Police. Funding for Phase II was obtained by way
of a grant from the United States Department of Justice which was
obtained as a result of a request by Jeffrey Howard, New
Hampshire State Attorney General.

Phase II was designed to focus upon gang activity within
Manchester. As previously noted, a Lawrence, Massachusetts
Police Department crackdown on gang activities within that city
had caused a daily migration of gang members to Manchester.
hese gang members were participating in the drug trade, and as
also previously noted, seemed willing to resort to acts of
violence, including murder, in order to achieve their illegal
objectives.

Phase II involved, primarily, the Manchester Police
Department and the New Hampshire State Police. Manchester
patrolmen and State Police troopers were joined together in
teams. The teams would patrol the streets of the city for the
purpose of confronting gang members who were engaging in criminal
activities. The idea was to flood the streets with blue and
green (the Manchester patrolmen wear blue uniforms, the troopers
wear green). As anticipated, the constant police presence which
was created by Phase II had the effect of limiting the daily
influx of Lawrence gang members.

Phase III of Operation Streetsweeper was begun on August 16,

1995. Phase III was designed to inject federal assistance into


96

-4-

federal. Irrespective of the funding source the important factor
ie the safety net which it creates in a general geographic area.
While the safety net does not bring to our attention all of the

youngsters who are involved in substance use, it is a beginning.

‘The missing link are parent and families. There are many
parents that we are aware of that have youngsters that are
exhibiting problematic behaviors. They are afraid to seek help for
fear that it would reflect upon them. There are many more parents
who in this changing world are not armed with the appropriate
skills to deal with the problems that they face with their
children. This ie not to say that they are bad parente. In my 20
years of experience I can count on the fingers of one hand the
amount of bad parents that I have met. I have met several parents,

who by their own admission, lack the skills necessary

appropriately parent their children. The missing link is the
communication between parents, neighbor to neighbor, friend to
friend, The development of skill is a goal that is easily

achieved.

A good deal of our work focuses on parents, many of whom are
recovering from addiction. We understand that addiction is a
cyclical disease, this is a cycle which can be interrupted at any
point. Our goal is to educate the children about the disease to

help them to understand their parents struggle and to arm them with


75

your neighborhood, or do you have goals like that to help supple-
ment as the police may not be able to maintain the high level of
extra officers in the community, so that you can be more involved
in helping give them tips?

Ms. SUTPHEN. Yes. We are starting a neighborhood watch group.
We address this at our meetings also, that we are there to help
other neighborhoods who are interested in starting a neighborhood
watch group, interested in learning how we were able to accom-
plish what we accomplished so far. We are more than willing to
help other groups get organized.

Mr. Souver. Was there any existing neighborhood association in
your area prior to you getting organized?

Ms. SUTPHEN. No, they’re not in our immediate neighborhood.
There is one that starts a couple of blocks down from us. We have
spoken with the gentleman that runs that neighborhood watch
group. We've learned from him. He has given us suggestions.

There is a gentleman on the west side, of the West Side Neigh-
borhood Watch Program. We’ve had him at our meetings, just so
we can get input and get suggestions and things that we can do.

Mr. SoupER. What caused you to become interested? How did
you decide to get involved?

Ms. SUTPHEN. The crack house that was across the street from
our house.

But I think the final straw that broke the camel’s back was the
yours man getting shot and killed on Beech Street. The night it

appened, I was laying in my bed, and I wasn’t quite asleep yet,
and T could hear the activity going on outside, the kids and every-
thing.

The next thing I knew, I heard three gunshots and I hit the floor.
That was the straw that broke the camel’s back for most of us in
our area. It took something like that to make us decide we want-
ed—enough is enough, we want our neighborhood back. And we’ve
decided to take it back.

Mr. Souper. Do you feel safer to walk in the area right around
your house at this point?

Ms. SUTPHEN. Oh, yes, much safer than I did before.

wh. SOUDER. Do you see a concrete change, a very measurable
change?

Ms. SUTPHEN. Oh, yes. Yes. Like I was telling you before, you
can see children outside playing once again, which is something
that you didn’t really see.

You see families taking a walk together in the evening, and
you—3 months ago you wouldn’t see anybody out of their house, on
their stoop or anything. You just wouldn’t see it because they were
afraid.

I think a lot of the fear element has gone. The only way we're
going to keep it that way is to keep working at it.

Mr. SouDER. Thank you for your comments. I think it is com-
mendable to see that type of community effort in the city and tak-
ing back. I wish we could do that in more cities across America,
and make it the way cities were supposed to be. They are supposed
to be neighborly. Part of the reason people move to the city is so
they can have that interaction and be able to walk in their neigh-
borhoods and see the changes that you’ve done.


36

I do think, however, that when you're looking at prison popu-
lations and we're looking at the number of people who are being
affected and being addicted and ending up behind bars, what we
need to do is look at serious alternatives.

There are some good things going on in the State of New Hamp-
shire. There is no reason that you can’t have an alternative site
that has a treatment component so that when that person goes out,
it is not _a revolving door and he comes back in.

Also, I would just briefly like to mention that if you have a child
from the time he is 3 years old until he graduates from high school
he will see on the media over a half a million ads for drugs.

Legal ones, yes, but you take one to go to sleep, you take one to
get happy, to take one to wake up, you take one for this and you
take one for that. Solve all our problems. When they get in that
really, really difficult time of going from childhood to adulthood,
and things go wrong, it is so easy to do exactly what we have
learned by osmosis what you've seen your parents do: pop a pill or
you drink a beer or something like that. ge there are all kinds of
reasons that work in the best way.

Mrs. THURMAN. Thank you.

Mr. Brodeur.

Mr. Bropeur. I keep getting the red light.

Mr. ZELIFF. These guys have learned the system. How about just
one more? (Laughter)

Mr. BRODEUR. If I may, a quote came to me from a South Caro-
lina statesman that basically said: Prevention should start minus
9 months. I think a lot of what's been said here this morning al-
ready is that in order to do a lot of preventions you would probably
start with the family itself, teach the mother and father. Hopefully
it will translate into the other children and so forth, or their future
children.

I’ve always said, and I continue, similar to what Gerry just said,
that years ago you had your support group of your family, your
neighborhood and your churches. There was always someone there
watching for you.

You goofed up; it was nothing for the neighbor to take you by the
scruff of your neck and bring you back home. Your father took care
of you real good. That is not there anymore.

lopefully, we will continue somewhat—there has got to be some
successes, as someone has mentioned earlier about the D.A.R.E.
Programs. When you start with a family, work it into the schools
so you can try to do as much up front as possible to divert them
from ever getting into these situations.

Mrs. THURMAN. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

Mr. ZELIFF. Thank you.

Mr. Blute.

Shrewbury, MA. That’s where all this stuff is coming from.
({Laughter.]

I was only kidding. I don’t want to leave that on the record.

Mr. BLUTE. Hopefully we will conduct a field hearing in my dis-
trict at some point to check into that, but I want to commend you
and the ranking member, Mrs. Thurman, for your focus on this
issue. We must really, I think, restart the real drug war in our
country to try to get a handle on this.


48

MANCHESTER POLICE DEPARTMENT ‘Commission

Ralph Miller Public Safety Center ~ ‘Thomas 0. Noonan
351 Chestnut Street Gavmond 7, Seidel
Manchester, New Hampshire 03101-2294 ye: Wageman
(603) 668-8711 « FAX (603) 668-8941

Chiet
Peter R Favreau

Assistant Chie
September 25,1995 seatant Chet

US Rep. William Zeliff, Chairman
and members of the Subcommittee of
National Security, International Affairs and Criminal Justice

With a population of over 100,000 people, Manchester is the
most urban area in the state of New Hampshire. As such, it is
increasingly vulnerable to those types of criminal problems which
urban areas are most prone to: drug trafficking and crimes of
violence.

In the fall of 1994, information was being received which
indicated that the situation in Manchester was taking a turn for
the worse. This information came from the Manchester Police
Department's Special Investigations Unit and from other law
enforcement agencies and it indicated that the availability of
crack cocaine on the streets of Manchester was increasing at an
alarming rate. It was learned that crack dealers were peddling
their product from neighborhood corners and from "crack houses"
scattered throughout the inner city.

Subsequent information indicated that as a result of

pressure being exerted by the Lawrence, Massachusetts police

1

A NATIONALLY ACCREDITED LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY .1



117

Mr. MITCHELL. That may vary from community to community.
There is—you can apply for foundation grants, you can hire an offi-
cer, full-time officer that is paid from the local taxpayer money.

In New Hampshire they allow Federal pass-through money that
is available for up to 4 years for the core program only. But after
4 years, you are up to your own devices.

Mrs. THURMAN. How much money are you all, right now, receiv-
ing from the Safe and Drug Free Schools? Has that in fact been
a positive program in your experience?

Since you mentioned the schools, I guess, Sergeant Tracy, it is
up to you. I couldn’t wait to ask a question of Dick Tracy. {Laugh-
ter.]

Mr. Tracy. Unfortunately, I couldn’t tell you the answer to ex-
actly how much money we're receiving, but the programs that have
been implemented through that have been successful.

In Manchester we have three officers that are involved in those
three programs I talked about, and if we are able to get into each
class like we planned to and talk to 9,600 students stretched out
between three police officers—and those three officers salaries are
paid through the city right now, so I don’t believe any of the——

Mrs. THURMAN. Captain Mitchell is talking about wanting to in-
crease more through our school system. We're also going to see a
reduction in these dollars.

Your concern, I think, from what I’ve heard from all of you say,
in fact, if 1 remember correctly, your State assembly has a commit-
tee responsible for crime and criminal justice, is that correct, that
did a report that said every dollar spent on programs ranging from
parenting classes and after school activities for children to drug
treatment centers saves about $8 dollars in long-term costs. That
is a pretty good return if I look at that.

Some people believe that drug enforcement and individual re-
sponsibility are important factors in curbing the drug epidemic.

What role would you say that drug treatment plays in the solu-
tion to the drug problem as well? Maybe to Mike or John who seem
to be actively involved in those.

Mr. PLouRDE. I believe that—I work primarily with young peo-
ple. Some of them are very young, 13 and 14 years old. I think in
that realm, law enforcement plays a—has to play less of a role
than treatment does.

In the Challenge Program that I mentioned, kids get one shot
through that. After that I think they need to really feel—I am a
big believer in natural consequences. If part of the natural con-
sequence is paying a fine, doing community service, and those
kinds of things, I think that is real important but it needs to be
maxed out with something else, and that is where the treatment
piece comes into play.

Mrs. THURMAN. Which is why you have a full-service where you
are trying to bring the parents in and piece it all together?

Mr. PLourDE. Absolutely. The courts and the police are actively
involved in that process. So it is not done in a vacuum. Everyone
is aware of what’s happening and what efforts have been made for
a particular young person.


53

On June 21, 1995, approximately 150 agents, police officers
and prosecutors from the various participating law enforcement
agencies began their efforts in regard to the tactical atage of
Phase I of Operation Streetsweeper. A temporary command center
and processing facility was set up at the National Guard armory
building in Manchester. At 4:00 that morning, arrest teams and
Manchester Police Department Special Reaction Teams (SRT)
operating out of the armory began their search for the
individuals who had been indicted pursuant to Phase I. Before
long, approximately 30 of those individuals were in custody.
Furthermore, the SRT teams executed various search warrants at
some of the "crack houses" where drugs had been sold on a regular
basis.

Phase I of Operation Streetsweeper resulted in the
indictment of 55 defendants. The charges contained in the
indictments were drawn from Title 21 of the United States Code
and they ranged from sophisticated conspiracies to distribute
crack cocaine, to simple one-on-one sales of the narcotic to
undercover police officers.

As of today, of the 55 defendants indicted pursuant to
Phase I, 37 have already pled guilty. Only 1 defendant chose to
go to trial, and he was convicted. 17 defendants still have
their cases pending.

Phase II of Operation Streetsweeper was begun on August 3,
1995. Phase II was a direct response to the infiltration of

Lawrence, Massachusetts gang members into Manchester.


138

Putting our coverage in managed care is a choice, or keeping it
just the way you have it with fee-for-service. That is your choice.
If you want to keep fee-for-service, that’s fine; if you want to go to
managed care, then you would receive the benefits for going to
managed care.

I think means testing is something that is very important. We
need to look at people who are 65 years old that are multimillion-
aires. Should they pay a little bit more in Part B premium? We
think they should.

These are all things that we’re going to have to take a look at.
We need to get rid of fraud and abuse in Medicare.

Mark, you may want to comment on the tax cut. If you don’t, I
will,

Mr. Souper. It is great being in New Hampshire which is a tax
cut State as opposed to Taxachusettes next door. [Laughter.]

I think that what we are trying to practice at the Federal level.
We can have respectful disagreements between the two sides on
taxes, but most of us who are elected believe that individuals can
make the decision better than the Government. We believe that
economic growth is the only way to deal with the deficit.

You cannot cut your way out of a deficit. You have to roll your
way and limit the amount of growth. We are not cutting the
amount of Federal spending. We are growing it at a slower rate.
That is something that is lost. It is a cut compared to what people
expected, but we are still growing.

If we don’t have tax cuts, if we don’t let individuals make the de-
cisions and have economic growth, we will have to cut even more
at the Federal level because the tax cut, as it did in 1980, will
bring in more revenue. The question is what the rate of spending
is and will it exceed the rate of revenue growth.

We're not libertarians. We are not denying there are some pro-
grams that have some impact and there is some involvement on
the Federal level, but we believe it has gotten too big.

As vice president of the freshman class, let me tell you that few
people understand the nature of what happened last fall more than
those freshmen who won districts that were formerly occupied by
Democratic incumbents such as myself.

We are going to be some of the most stubborn people you've seen
in America in the next couple of weeks, because we know we will
not be back unless there is real change.

What I heard in the town meetings was not slower. It was:
what do you mean it is still $200 billion annual deficit even why
you guys are cutting? What does it mean that you are stiil growing
government at a slower rate rather than cutting government?

There is such an anger level and a frustration at the grassroots
level that many of us understand. Probably overstated, but it is
there, and we are committed to try to bring it into some control.

Quite frankly, if we don’t in the next couple of years it is going
to be a catastrophe. It won’t matter what your political party is.

Mr. ZeEiFF, I will make one final comment, if I can. The tax cut,
86 percent of the tax cut is going to go to people who have kids.
People who, frankly—families; $500 per child. We just feel—did I
miss something?


49

department, large numbers of gang-connected individuals were
making a daily migration from Lawrence into Manchester. These
individuals were engaging in drug trafficking and serious crimes
of violence. It was widely believed that they were testing
Manchester's waters in order to determine if they should settle
in the Queen City on a permanent basis. As a result,
Manchester’s quality of life, particularly in the inner city, was
being threatened. The people of Manchester were beginning to
feel alarmed, harassed, trapped, and even besieged.

It should be noted that this drug and violence trend
culminated in the spring of 1995. At that time there occurred,
in close succession, two drive by, drug related, gang-connected
homicides. The first of these homicides was motivated by one
drug group’s desire to eliminate the competition of a rival
group. The second homicide was motivated by the rival group’s
desire to obtain revenge against the first group. It was not
surprising that the people of Manchester were beginning to feel
as if they were besieged.

The genesis of Operation Streetsweeper is to be found in a
meeting of United States Attorney Paul Gagnon and Manchester
Chief of Police Peter Favreau. At that meeting, both the United
States Attorney and the Chief expressed their serious concern in
regard to what was occurring in Manchester. Furthermore, they
both felt that it would be beneficial if they could marshal the
various law enforcement resources which were available in the

district---federal, state and local---for the purpose of


78

rules and regulations, but maybe from your experiences can you
tell me what you recommend?

Mayor.

Mr. WiEczorEK, I think what you're going to be looking at is giv-
ing more authority to the States, because even though there is a
similarity, it is not exactly the same in each one of these areas.
Each community should know best how to deal with the problems
that they have.

One of the things that I’ve noticed, and 1 can remember being in-
volved in a lot of activities when we had Title 20 money, and I
hated to see money because if you had a good idea and a good pro-

‘am, eventually you're going to have to take up the responsibility
‘or funding it. ‘And so that is really not the way to travel.

I think if they give the communities the money to put the effort
out, and one that will be effective in their own community, we
would all be a lot better off.

Before they get through with that bureaucracy, there is not much
left in the way of dollars to deal with the program. This is one of
the things I see as a real problem.

I think you can still downsize and do a lot of things at the Fed-
eral level that are not going to impact the lower level because all
you have to do is clear out that chain of command that you have
from the top to the bottom. The top, I mean, to the area where
money and dollars are coming in to really deal with the problem.

Mr. Mica. Chief, did you have something?

Mr. Favreau. Somebody said it in an earlier panel with a two-
word statement: block grant. I think that is certainly the way to
go. You can just look at the State of New Hampshire. Of course,
there are probably instances in States where that might get all be-
fuddled through bureaucracies that exist at the Federal level, but
when you get a situation like exists in Manchester and the State
of New Hampshire with everybody jumping in, I think the block
grant would certainly be the way to go and fund that money and
eliminate some of the bureaucracy that exists in Washington.

Mr. Mica. Mr. Gagnon, did you want to respond?

Mr. GaGNon. Just briefly, Mr. Mica. I share your concern with
a situation where we have limited resources and constantly dwin-
dling resources. It doesn’t make sense to continue funding pro-
grams that are not effective.

However, I think programs can be effectively evaluated, and that
these programs should be measured. Then the programs that have
been shown to have positive and beneficial effect should be re-
tained, and those that haven't, the funding should be stopped.

Second, I would like to make note that in my opinion, anyway,
some programs work well in places like New Hampshire, and oth-
ers would have no benefit here.

For instance, there was a lot of talk about midnight basketball
last year. I don’t think there is much cry for midnight basketball
here in New Hampshire, but I can certainly see—and I’ve seen
some statistics on inner city areas where it did have a positive ben-
eficial effect.

So I think what we need to remember is that we can’t make a
Federal program that is going to be effective in New York City,


88

neighborhood. We would strongly encourage you to pursue whatever regulatory
or legislative remedy would be necessary to correct this situation. Not only
should it be 100% legal for a public housing director to require a reasonable
level of participation in this kind of activity, | would suggest that the legislation
should mandate that public housing programs institute such a program.

The DARE Program is currently being taught in approximately one half of the
communities in this country. One of the advantages of a program that is this
pervasive is that if weaknesses are identified or if improvements can be made,
then the improvements can be implemented so as to impact all of these
communities immediately. This leads us to the issue of evaluating whether or
not the DARE Program is effective. We have seen various media reports
questioning the effectiveness of the DARE Program. These reports were the
result of a $300,000 study conducted by the RTI Corporation under contract to
the National institute of Justice (NIJ).

At the conclusion of the RTI study, the NIJ questioned some of the results that
were obtained and criticized the methodology that was utilized by the
researchers. We are left to wonder if the NIJ paid for the study without knowing
or monitoring exactly what the methodology would be for this study. This
controversy (as to whether DARE was or was not effective) was extremely
harmful to us on the local level. These reports caused people in our community
to question the usefulness of the DARE Program and is at least partially
responsible for a reduction in the resources that were committed to it in the
current fiscal year. it appears that there may be some very legitimate reasons to
question the validity of the conclusions reached by RTI. The RTI study appears.
to focus exclusively on the effectiveness of the DARE Core Program when
conducted in a single grade and provides no information as to the value or
effectiveness of DARE when the full program is implemented ina


43

I guess you just came back from Tennessee, I believe.

Mr. FAVREAU, That’s right.

Mr. ZELIFF. We welcome you here.

Paul Gagnon, U.S. attorney, we appreciate your involvement and
participation and the great job that you’re doing here for the State
of New Hampshire and 5 your country as well.

And Alice Sutphen, did I pronounce that right?

Ms. SUTPHEN. Yes, you did.

Mr. ZELIFF. It was good to meet you yesterday. You are very
much involved with your committee in Take Back Our Neighbor-
hood. We appreciate your hard work and efforts as well.

I want to just do one thing before we swear everybody in, if I
can. In the interest of time, I will not read both of these in full,
but on Wednesday I made a little speech on the floor of the House
of Representatives and basically a tribute to Manchester, NH,
Peter Favreau for the great job that you are doing here. Just as
a little token of that.

We need more people like you and we appreciate you very much.

Mr. Favreau, Thank you. That is very nice.

Mr. ZELIFF. Mayor, we appreciate your assistance and involve-
ment as well.

This is another plaque on the same day, in memory of Police Of-
ficer Melvin Allen Keddy, who worked so hard for D.A.R.E., who
was killed recently. I just wanted to acknowledge his hard work
and efforts on behalf of all of us. We will give this to his family.

Mr. FAVREAU. Thank you very much. [Applause.]}

b Mr. ZELIFF. If you would all please rise and raise your right
and.

(Witnesses sworn.]

STATEMENTS OF RAY WIECZOREK, MAYOR, MANCHESTER, NH;
PETER FAVREAU, MANCHESTER POLICE CHIEF; PAUL
GAGNON, U.S. ATTORNEY; ALICE SUTPHEN, T.B.O.N. [TAKE
BACK OUR NEIGHBORHOODS]

Mr. ZELIFF. Mr. Mayor, welcome and thank you for appearing.

Mr. Wieczorek. Congressman Zeliff, I appreciate very much you
being here today and also your committee. All of you that serve in
public office know that you are a Tightening rod for the things that
occur, and certainly the mayor is one of the first lines of defense,
and serves as a lightening rod for the things that are happening
in his community.

Back in 1990 and 1991 when we were going through the begin-
nings of a very serious recession, we, like all other communities,
were having a lot of problems with boarded up buildings and crime,
you know, calls coming in from people talking about crime.

We had to sit down and try to figure out what it was we were
going to do.

We did try to attack the problem. Three years ago we brought
in neighborhood housing services here, which was a result of the
Neighborhood Revitalization Act, I believe, that was passed in
1978, the public act.

They didn’t come to every community, but they did come to Man-
chester. They assessed it. They determined that yes, we had the
right attitude. We were going to put all the players together that


129

shame of having had police and other officials enter their homes
and questioning them, so if they weren’t suspects before, they were
suspects after: suspect by their neighbors, landlords, co-workers—
in this testimony I would like to say, one, for the record that the
Alliance—community supports all efforts—element in our commu-
nities, and I have chown three ways in which our words are—by
action.

Two, to say for the record that in our experience—responsible for
the existence of this problem. Three, to request on the record that
in the battle against this war, that the—equal protection under the

law.

And, four, to give the Hispanic community as their ally and not
their enemy. We can only win this war if we work together, not
against one another.

I remind you that we too have brothers and sisters and uncles
and fathers—we must work together. I ask you, are all drug deal-
ers immigrants, and are all immigrants drug dealers? I think you
know the answer to that question.

Thank you.

Mr. ZELIF¥. Which of you would like to go first? Chief and I think
the mayor is right behind you.

Mr. PAVREAU. I am very pleased that you took the opportunity
to speak.

I first would like to let you know that there’s nothing that the
Police Department will not do to aid you in your endeavors.

I can only tell you from the bottom of my heart and try to con-
vince you that what I’m saying is the absolute truth, that when
this whole operation began—and I think I said this morning—one
of the things that I instructed my people and the people who
worked with us to do was to find out who was living in the areas
that we were targeting. 1 wanted the officers to become as familiar
as possible with everyone who lived in the area so that they would
at some time later on be able to choose and pick those who be-
longed and those who did not belong; those who were good honest
citizens, and those who were law breakers.

I know that you are all aware that we had a very, very serious
problem brewing in that area. A problem so serious, in "heet, that
two people were killed. We had to take some very forceful action,
but that action was not pointed or directed toward any ethnic
group whatsoever.

The contacts that the police officers made were based on pres-
ence and behavior only. It did not have to do with the ethnic origin
of the individual where contact was made. I insisted upon this.

If it came to my attention that any of my officers were impolite,
made ethnic slurs to any of those people they came in contact with,
I would take disciplinary action against them.

I welcome everyone into the city of Manchester as its police chief.
Everyone who lives in the inner city, regardless of who they are or
what their ethnic background is, is entitled to the protection that
I have to offer them and my officers, and I will promise them that
they will get that protection.

One of the things that my officers did and still do is when they
walk down the street and they meet someone that they do not
know, they strike up a conversation with that individual. Part of


118

DESCRIPTION OF
PROGRAM

GRADES 5-6

D.ARE. (Drug Abuse Resistance Education) is a collaborative effort by DARE
certified law enforcement officers, educators, students, parents, and community
to offer an educational program in the classroom to prevent or reduce drug abuse
and violence among children and youth. The emphasis of the Officer's Guide to
DARE. to Resist Drugs and Violence, Student Workbook, Grades 5-6, is to help
students recognize and resist the many direct and subtle pressures that influence
them to experiment with alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, inhalants, or other drugs or
to engage in violence.

The DARE program offers preventive strategies to enhance those protective
factors—especially bonding to the family, school, and community—which appear
to foster the development of resiliency in young people who may be at risk for
substance abuse or other problem behaviors. Researchers have identified certain
protective and social bonding factors in the family, school, and community which
may foster resiliency in young people, in other words, the capacity of young
people for healthy, independent growth in spite of adverse conditions. These
strategies focus on the development of social competence, comntunication skills,
self-esteem, empathy, decision making, conflict resolution, sense of purpose and
independence, and positive alternative activities to drug abuse and other destruc-
tive behaviors.

The program content for DARE is organized into seventeen 45- to 60-minute
Jessons to be taught by a law enforcement officer with suggested extended activi-
ties to be integrated into other instruction by the classroom teacher. A specially
trained officer is assigned to the school one day a week for one semester
to conduct weekly lessons in grades 5 or 6. Suggested extended interdisciplinary
activities to be integrated with other subjects as time permits are listed in
the publication titled D.A.R-E. Instructional Activity Guide for Teachers, Grades
5-6. Student participation in the DARE program may be incorporated as an
integral part of the school's curricular offering in health, science, social studies,
language arts, or other subject(s) as appropriate. The classroom teacher should
maintain a supportive role in classroom management while the officer is teaching
and should incorporate DARE program participation by students as an integral
part of the student's final evaluation.

DARE offers a variety of interactive, group-participation, cooperative-learning
activities which are designed to encourage students to solve problems of major
importance in their lives. An important element of DARE is the use of student
leaders who do not use drugs as positive role models in influencing younger
students.


122

experiments as have been done in North Carolina and others where

you've had kids undercover, attempt to buy, and then crack

down on the people selling cigarettes to minors with a substantial

fine? I know a number of places are starting to do warnings and

then, arrests if they see juveniles smoking. Have you attempted
at?

Mr. MITCHELL. We began using students to do purchases, just
like you are suggesting, in 1993. At that time a 15 year-old high
school student was 70 percent successful in purchasing tobacco
That was the first time we did it.
wt, SoupbeER. Did you have substantial fines on those who sold
them?

Mr. MITCHELL. No. We did an education program for the mer-
chants. We gave out letters of warning, basically on the education
campaign to straighten it around. We've done it for 3 years since
them, and the purchase rate has gone way down. We have at a
later time brought merchants to court, but mostly it is warnings
and education.

Mr. SouDER. Have you done any spotter warnings or pressure on
the teens themselves if you see them smoking?

Mr. MITCHELL. We have a comprehensive program for teens that
are caught smoking. It is not illegal for them to posses in every
State, but it is in New Hampshire. When a police officer catches
a child smoking in Dover, their name is referred to the juvenile of-
ficer, and a letter goes to the parent saying the student has to
come to Saturday tobacco school for the morning or they will be
brought to court.

Mr. SouDER. I want to ask a couple of questions that I know
won't be popular, and I want to preface it by saying that the
D.A.R.E. Program got funded at the Federal level when Senator
Wilson was Preparing 2 run for Governor of California. He brought
a bill to the Senate floor sponsored by Cranston. I was legislative
director for Senator Coates, and we were the only other people who
were on it immediately. We were working heavily on the drug
issue, and for the first time earmarked funds for the D.A.R.E. Pro-
gram coming out of the Federal Government as well as made it eli-
gible under other block grant funds.

At the same time, I want to ask a couple of tough questions. Do
you know any fifth graders, other than with rare exception, who
would say they want to grow up and take drugs? Is not the prob-
lem later on rather than in elementary school?

In other words, aren’t you almost preaching to the choir of kids
who are relatively enthusiastic at that point already?

Mr. MrrcHe.. I don’t think that’s correct. You are intentionally
getting the kids before they’re using drugs, before they’re in that
environment; to arm them in advance, because the nature of the
D.A.R.E. Program is to recognize that my two kids, your kids, ev-
eryone’s kids here are eventually going to be faced with an awk-
ward social moment when the joint comes over, and they have to
either take it or not, or something has to come out of their mouth

And if we wait until they face that social situation, they will do
what all of us do: they will make a bad decision under pressure.

What happens with the D.A.R.E. Program is that it actually pre-
pares the kids for that moment. “What can I say. what can I do?”


127

We met Friday with the attorney general of Puerto Rico. We're

oing to probably do a drug hearing in December in Puerto Rico.
Puerto Rico and Mexico are two areas where drugs are just coming
into America and there’s no stopping them.

We've been down to the border and dealing with customs and
INS, down in Tijuana and down along the American/Mexican bor-
der. We know when the planes are coming out of Colombia, we
know when they land, and somehow they just mysteriously get
through. We've got to figure a way to stop it.

So we will be doing a hearing down in Puerto Rico because once
you get through Puerto Rico it is just like a State. Nobod: stops

‘ou, nobody checks your luggage, nothing. You just go on through.

e’ve got to stop it there.
We plan to go down, as I mentioned earlier, to do a source coun-
try trip to South America, including Bogota, Colombia and Peru, to
meet with heads of States and prominent anti-drug leaders in an
effort to better coordinate the drug war.

We plan to do a year end report of this committee to talk about
the things we learned here today and other things in terms of what
we need to do differently, and the status of the drug war. We will
coordinate and draft anti-drug legislation on how the Federal Gov-
ernment can better assist States, counties and local governments
in their fight against drugs; investigate domestic interdiction ef-
forts by the U.S. Customs Service; hold additional field hearings in
this Subcommittee on National Security, International Affairs, and
Criminal Justice programs just as we are doing today.

We will do Washington, DC, right in the heart of the city where
a lot of really bad stuff is going on.

Again, as I mentioned earlier this morning, just spend a day
doing what we are doing this morning, listening to the community
people and the law enforcement folks, trying to provide help where
we can.

We're going to Fort Wayne, IN. Our friend Mark Souder here has
asked for help. He is trying to get a DEA office established in his
State, right, particularly in Fort Wayne. Drugs are coming down
the interstate from Detroit. It is raising havoc in the State and
with the community. He is crying out for help. We're going to try
to get out there and help.

e’re going to Florida, obviously. Two members of the sub-
committee. We'll have tc fight out the location, but we’ll have to
work that out somehow. Obviously, we'll have to do one with Gary
Condit out in California.

Mark Souder and I had a quick idea on the floor at 4:30 a.m. I
think we mentioned this earlier this morning, H.R. 1868, as a con-
dition to aid to Mexico and verifiable progress in reducing drug
traffic across the Mexican border. If they don’t make verifiable suc-
cess reductions of 10 percent, they lose the aid to Mexico. That is
how it should be. It is called accountability. It passed the House
and we're trying to get it past the Senate at this point.

Those are some of the things that we think that need to be done.
Your testimony today was very much appreciated.

Captain Mitchell, Michael Plourde, John Ahman and Sgt. Dick
Tracy, thank you very much for your service here to your city, your
State and your country. We appreciate it. Thank you. [Applause.]


151

Mr. SoupER. That, in the process of Congress, sometimes you
have to compromise on things you can’t—in other words, we want-
ed to put a specific dollar amount. But you know what they did?
The didn't put a dollar amount to Mexico. They left it vague in
the bill, so we couldn’t target dollars, and then they watered down
the verification process or they weren’t going to allow our amend-
ment to come up.

So we did the best we could under that circumstance. As our
committee has pointed out—and we've kept the pressure on Brown
as to why they aren’t cracking down harder. We will look at clauses
inside NAFTA. If, indeed, it does seem to be correlated, those are
facts that have to be verified through more than one customs

ent,
oexnd as somebody who opposed NAFTA, although I wasn’t in
Congress at the time, we can differ on what NAFTA will or won't
do, but we will certainly be looking at that. The chairman of this
committee is completely committed to fighting the drug inflow into
this country, and we will look at any way, as it relates to Mexico,
as it relates to the bail out of Mexico, the devaluation of the peso,
incentives that do it at the same time.

The one good thing about NAFTA is that to some degree while
I was opposed to it, if we improved the economy and the economic
conditions there, in other areas, even if it is taking jobs from Indi-
ana, for example, at least they won’t have the motive to ship drugs
to us. It is kind of a give or take type situation.

Mr. ZeLIFF. Let me add one other thing. The State Department
testified before our committee that we had in June that they cer-
tified Mexico as fully cooperating with the drug effort.

I don’t believe that that’s accurate. And if you don’t believe it is
accurate, I suggest that you write the State Department and the
President of the United States because I believe we need to take
a look at that certification system and make sure that it becomes
accurate.

I believe that we need to make sure that we have, in the inter-
diction zone, and the problem that we have with drugs coming up
from South America, we need to make sure that we have coopera-
tive agreements with all 26 countries that are involved.

We have a lot of work ahead of us. There is no denying it. If it
was as simple as voting one way or the other for NARTAY believe
me, if we thought that was going to change the drug war, that
would be an easy solution. I don’t believe it is.

ain, I appreciate your sincerity, and I think we are both—be-
yond the NAFTA thing—we are both committed to trying to get rid
of drugs. I hope we are.

Mr. Frost. I am just hoping—you have a former Deputy Director
of the DEA, a former Deputy Director of the Customs saying this
is a problem before NAFTA was voted on, and now I see, unfortu-
nate documentary on the problem with the transportation agree-
ments.

I know you are sincere about helping. This whole process here
is fantastic, but this is one point that [ brought to your attention
2 years ago, and I just wanted to reinforce it.

Mr. ZELIFF. We obviously have an area of disagreement. I am
thankful that we both have the goals in sight. Whether we arrive


155

I don’t know where the separation is, do it for yourself and get
help. I was lucky. I had people who helped me. I had people who
extended a hand that helped me along the way.

If we could figure out a way that we could provide guidance, the
program that you're talking about in Carroll County—I would like
to go and visit that program. I should do that. Our problem is we
do not have enough time in the day, but if it is working as great
as you're saying it is, we should go visit and I will visit if you give
me a chance to do that.

We've got a hell of a challenge in front of us. We can go into the
interdiction zones. We can with DEA in the streets of Boston,
New York and Baltimore, Washington, We're going to have hear-
ings. We are going to listen to what they do in Manchester here.
But that bottom line is if the community doesn’t get involved. If the
families themselves don’t get involved. If the kids don’t, just think
of where we're heading as a country if we don’t solve the problem
now. We're poing down the tubes.

It is much more important than balancing the budget, frankly.
It is not all budget driven.

So we need leadership. We need role models. We need people
who will stand up and are willing to fight for it.

Again, my hat is off to the city of Manchester because I'll tel!
you, we've done a lot of hearings and we've gone a lot of places.

‘is is one of the best examples of things working. It is not perfect.
Yes, somebody may complain about indiscriminate stopping. We're
taking away some supposed basic rights and stuff like that. We're
trying very carefully to deal with that, but the bottom line is the
nei rhoods, generally, from what I can see, people are saying,
“Thank God. Thank God that somebody cares and that people are
coming in.”

We're going to make a mistake or two, but the bottom line is re-
turning the community to one that is safe and the sidewalks and
the streets so people can walk at night. That’s important.

You covered a big panoramic view and you did an excellent job.
I don’t believe you asked a question, but you made a good state-
ment.

Mr. ZELIFF. No. 5.

{No response.]

Mr. ZELIFF. No. 6.

[No response.]

Mr. ZELIFF. No. 4.

{No response.]

Mr. ZeLirF. Geraldine Sylvester, I notice you've been here all day
long. I can remember talking to you 10 years ago and the stuff that
you've done.

You and the chief and the mayor, do you think after listening ali
day—just one last question to you: can we win this thing?

is. SYLVESTER. I think, Congressman, as long as you take into
context everything that was said this morning. You’ve heard it
from law enforcement, you've heard it from treatment people. What
we need is a comprehensive approach. We need broad based pre-
vention efforts, not just a program here and a program there.

We need the curriculum to complement D.A.R.E., we need stu-
dent assistance programs. A whole gauntlet of prevention. Treat-


CONTENTS

Hearing held on September 25, 1995 .
Statement of:

Howard, Jeffrey, attorney general, the State of Now Hampshire; Geral

dine Sylvester Director, Office of Alcohol and Drug Abuse Prevention;

Paul Brodeur, commissioner, New Hampshire Department of Correc-

tions; Sgt. Neal Scott, Narcotics Investigation Unit, New Hampshire

State Folice; Bill Yout, Special Agent-in-Charge, Brug Enforcement

Migell Capt, “Dana G. Dover Police Department; Michael Plourde, exec-
utive director, Nashua Youth Council; John Ahman, regional program
director, Marathon, Inc.; Sgt. Richard Tracy, crime prevention divi
sions, Manchester Police Department

Wieczorek, Ray, mayor, Manchester, NH; Peter Favreau, Manchester Po-
lice Chief; Paul on, U.S. attorney; Alice Sutphen, T.B.O.N. [Take
Back Our Neighborhoods] ..

Letters, statements, etc., submitted

Brodeur, Paul, commissioner, New Hampshire Department of Correc-
tions, prepared statement of ..

Favreau, Peter, Manchester Police Chie ‘pared statement of

Mitchell, Capt. Dana C., Dover Police ‘Department, prepared statement

Plourde, Michael, executive director, Nashua Youth Council, prepared
statement of

Sylvester, Geraldine, Director, Office of Alcohol and Drag Abuse Preven-
tion, prepared statement of

Tracy, Sgt. Richard, crime prevention di
easton, prepared statement of

ions, Manchester Police De-

aly



145

dollars in Congress, as we just learned in the last couple of days.
It doesn’t mean they don’t get scrutiny too.

I personally supported, although it failed, a 3-percent cut in the
growth of their budget. I’m not sure that meant it was only grow-
ing at 1 percent or whether it was 2 percent down.

ut as I voted against the Defense construction budget, I believe
we do have to look at the Defense area too to be fair, but we can’t
trim it as much as many advocate or we will leave ourselves vul-
nerable.

In this other subcommittee in Government Reform that I’m on
we've been having multiple hearings with FDA on the very points
that Chairman Zeliff raised, ranging from breast implants to medi-
cal devices and other things where we have a slowing of the proc-

ess.

FDA is either going to have to make some changes in how they
do it and quit being—it is one thing to worry about safety; it is an-
other thing to worry about whether or not the drugs are as effec-
tive as people claim.

In other words, where you're dying of AIDS and you keep some-
thing off the market, effectiveness should not be the criteria that
you are using when you have new medical devices or new things
that are oing, in to save people’s lives.

So FDA. if they don’t change some things, are going to become
vulnerable to budget cuts. But I think we all agree that we need
safety, and in all our EPA changes and all our OSHA changes,
health and safety is always protected if they can prove that it is
a health and safety variable.

Mr. ZELIFF. We also have oversight responsibility for FBI, ATF,
CIA, Department of Defense and other areas within this commit-
tee.

Ms. Cox. I guess the reason I am also worried about FDA is be-
cause the criteria they set up with the pathologists who works with
us—criteria. And they need handouts or marijuana to smoke as
medicine, they’re trying to bypass that by the FDA because the
FDA won't pass those criteria. They just don’t meet.

So I think it is key that they—they are consumer protectors, and
without them I think you see a lot of things happening that we
want to see.

Mr. ZELIFF. We are in agreement.

Ms. Cox. Wonderful.

Mr. ZELIFF. We can only do one question per person. We still
have a pile left. I’m sorry. ‘Thanks a lot.

No. 11.

Ms. Rosado. Thank you for this opportunity. My name is Grace
Rosado. I am director of a residential program called New Life
Home on North River Road in Manchester.

I have been servicing women and their children for over 17 years
with drug problems. I also sit on the Governor’s Task Force on
Chemical Dependency.

Many times today the 4 estion was raised: how do you fight this
war on drugs. As J noticed, there was not one, perhaps, person here
that got up and spoke about them being off of drugs or someone
who could speak on behalf of the community that has come off
drugs, that have been rehabilitated.


106

Mr. ZELIFF. Thank you.

Mr. Ahman,

Mr. AHMAN. Good afternoon. My name is John Ahman. I’m the
regional program director of Marathon, Inc.

larathon, Inc. is a Rhode Island based organization that pro-
vides treatment for four New England States.

I oversee treatment programs, two in Vermont and three here in
the State of New Hampshire.

The programs I oversee in New Hampshire are Marathon House,
which has been in Dublin, NH since 1971 and provides long-term
residential services for adults.

Also located in Dublin, we have the Lodge at Dublin, which will
be shortly a 15-bed—currently it is 10-bed—program for adoles-
cents.

Just this spring we opened up an alcohol crisis site in Keene that
also has beds for sobriety meetings and transitional living.

At Marathon our goal is to return a client, who is usually a heav-
ily addicted long-term substance abuser, to a productive life in the
community.

Marathon House clients are largely unemployed poly-drug ad-
dicted and with histories of criminal involvement.

Recovery from chemical addiction is viewed as a lifetime process
which requires a wide range of treatment services. These include
detoxification, counseling, social learning, skills acquisition, relapse
prevention training, and aftercare support.

While we acknowledge that addiction is a chronic condition char-
acterized by relapse, we also realize the role of the ownership of
the client in the treatment agenda. That the client is the principle
intervening agent in his or her own recovery is the philosophical
basis of treatment.

Our programs assist clients in gaining the tools and resources
necessary for successful recovery. What works best? A number of
factors have made evaluation of the overall effectiveness of treat-
ment very complicated. Comparisons are very difficult because of
different treatment modalities, different drugs, combinations of
drugs and various populations that it serves.

The field of addictions is also constant—in constant change in
improving the way it approaches the many needs of its clients. It
is known, however, that alcoholism and other drug addictions,
treatable conditions—and even incremental recovery—benefits both
the individual and society.

We know that treatment helps reduce alcohol and other drug
use. It plays a critical role in reducing crime and health care cost,
and increasing productivity.

Obviously, abstinence is the No. 1 desired outcome of treatment.
However, if we use this as our only measurement to evaluate the
success and effectiveness of our programs, we sell ourselves short.

At Marathon, we found that a significant number of our clients
that have an initial relapse after treatment usually get back on
track rather quickly. We also found from our follow-up question-
naire that there was an improvement in the client’s quality of life.

We found that the real measure of our success comes in the fact
that they are back with their families, they return to work, they


66

and some of the folks that we met there when they all said good-
by to Red and some of the police that were there, and the chief and
the mayor, “Thanks for coming.”

They feel very excited. I don’t want to get into your testimony,
Alice, but it was a good feeling. You are right. We need to do this
at the very top. We need to do it across the board. It has no bound-
ary limits. We need to expand this. If we lose it, we lose the next
generation. We can’t afford to do that either.

Thank you for your comment.

Mr. GAGNON. ee with you, and I appreciate your remarks.

Mr. ZELIFF. Thanks, Paul.

Alice, all of us have given our side of it, but there is a very spe-
cial side to this war, and the special side is in terms of the commu-
nity and the partnership that you all—in the fight that you’ve
made.

You guys are really doing a great job. We welcome you. We look
forwar to hearing your comments as you share your experiences
with us.

Ms. SUTPHEN. Thank you very much, sir. Good morning, ladies
and gentlemen. I am here today representing a group of citizens of
the intercity area who have gotten fed up with all the violent
crime, pangs and drugs in our neighborhood.

We decided at a meeting held on July 11, 1995 this is our neigh-
borhood, we want it back, we’re taking it back. Hence the name,
T.B.O.N., Take Back Our Neighborhood.

Since that night we have been working together with the Man-
chester Police Department and our community policing team to rid
this area of the criminal element which has invaded our lives.

On August 1, 1995, we had a parade and barbecue to get the
residents of the area together and show the undesirables that they
were not going to be welcomed in our neighborhoods any more.

Before we started, people were afraid to talk to their neighbor or
even come out of their homes after dark. Now our neighbors are
getting to know one another. People are out in their yards or on
their steps in the evenings. Children are playing outside again.

It makes our group very proud to know that we have helped to
make this possible. With help from our community policing team,
we have learned what we as residents can do to help them and our-
selves. We have become their eyes and ears in our neighborhood.

We see suspicious activity; we take down the information like li-
cense plate numbers to car descriptions and any other information
that will help, and we pass it on. If we see suspicious people, we
also get the descriptions and pass them on to the police depart-
ment.

But to do this, we had to get our neighbors, know who belongs
and who doesn’t. Things didn’t happen overnight, and you can’t ex-
pect them to. But with help, commitment and time, things have
changed and will continue as jong as we will work together.

As a group, we do feel that changes in the juvenile protection law
should be made. Names and addresses should be made public of ju-
veniles arrested on drug charges. A slap on the wrist is not enough
punishment.

Adult drug dealers use juveniles because they know nothing will
happen to them. They are turned back over to their parents and


52

the Hillsborough County Sheriff, the Hillsborough County
Attorney, the United States Drug Enforcement Administration
(DEA), the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF), the
United States Marshal’s Service, the United States Immigration
and Naturalization Service (INS), and the United States
Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD).

The next step in implementing Operation Streetsweeper was
for the United States Attorney to propose it as an initiative to
the District’s Anti-Violent Crime Working Group, which included
the Chief of the Manchester Police Department as an active
member. The group enthusiastically received the proposal.

The final step was to work out the details with the
heads of the various participating law enforcement agencies.
Once again, the response was one of enthusiastic cooperation.

Phase I of Operation Streetsweeper began in January of 1995.
Phase I targeted crack cocaine trafficking within Manchester.
Consistent with that purpose, virtually every identified aale of
crack cocaine made within Manchester during the first six months
of 1995 was earmarked for prosecution in federal court.

Phase I‘s dangerous undercover police work was performed by
detectives from Manchester’s Special Investigations Unit, the New
Hampshire State Police Narcotics Investigations Unit, and the New
Hampshire Drug Task Force. Overall case preparation was handled
by a Special Agent from the DEA. Final prosecutive review and

actual prosecution was handled by the United States Attorney’s
Office.


101

5.7% of the students used chewing tobacco, such as Redman, Lev! Garrett, or Beechnut, or snuff, such as
Skoal, Skoal Bandits, or Copenhagen on school property during the past 30 days.

ALCOHOL ABUSE

31.0% of the students had their first drink of alcohol other than a few sips prior to age 13.
‘36.1% males; 25.8% females

80.7% of the students had at least one drink of alcohol on one or more days durtng thetr fe.
81.3% males: 80.0% females

49.5% of the students had a least one drink of alcohol on one or more of the past 30 days.
51.8% males: 47.0% females

30.8% of the students had 5 or more drinks of alcohol in a row, that Is, within a couple of hours, on one or
more of the past 30 days.
34.5% males; 26.8% fernales

4.1% of the students had at feast one drink of alcohol on school property on one or more of the past 30 days.
5.2% males; 3.0% females

DRUG ABUSE
7.0% of the students trted marijuana for the firet Ume prior to age 13.

36.196 of the students used marijuana one or more times during thelr life.
40.1% males: 31.9% females

20.9% of the students used marijuana one or more Umes during the past 30 days.
5.7% of the students used martuana on school property one or more times during the past 30 days.
7.3% males: 4.0% fernales
‘ Hon of the students tried any form of cocaine. including powder, crack or freebase. for the frst time prior
(0 age 13,
6.1% of the students used any form of cocaine, including powder, crack. ot freebase one or more times during
we males; 4.3% females

2.2% of the students used any form of cocaine Including powder, crack or freebase one or more times during
the past 30 days.

3.8% of the students used the crack or freebase forms of cocaine one or more limes during thetr ttf,
19.196 of the students used any other type of illegal drug. such as LSD. PCP. ecstacy. mushrooms, speed. ce,
herotn, or pills without a doctor's prescription one or more times during thelr life.

20.6% males: 17.4% fernales
2.5% of the students took sterotd pills or shots without a doctor's prescription one ot more times during thelr
Whe.
1.9% of the students Injected (shot up) any illegal drug during thetr life.

2.3% males; 1.5% fernales

25.7% of the students have had someone offer, sell, or give them an illegal rug on school property during
the past 12 months.


26

We are currently becoming involved in a program called “Sullivan Academy.”

This is a program started in Sullivan County which attempts to divert individuals
from being sent behind walls. I have included a document in my submission detailing how
‘the academy works. +

I see that my five minutes are about up. Again, thank for this opportunity to give
you the perspective of a commissioner of corrections. I will be pleased to answer any

of your questions.


22

did begin these classes, and upon using the Pell Grants, Mark D.
was able to graduate with a Bachelors of Arts degree in the human
services in 1995. It took him 8 years, but he did persevere.

At this time Mark D. is a trustee working in my office, believe
it or not, in Concord. He is awaiting parole, and already has a job
waiting for him in the financial management field.

That is just information on how education can help people in
their future. I need not tell this committee also that, in fact, the
Pell Grant program has been eliminated. As a result of that, Mark
D.’s story will probably never be repeated.

Now, to get back to the subject of drugs in New Hampshire, prob-
ably 20 percent of our inmates in prisons are there for drug of-
fenses.

As previously stated, 80 percent or more of the inmates actually
have substance abuse problems. That is, drug or alcohol or both.

In the packet of supporting documents that I have submitted to
this committee, I have included a brochure entitled, “Pathways”
that you will find.

The Correctional Options program is what this is. It outlines spe-
cific corrections options currently conducted in the New Hampshire
prison system. As recently as last Friday, I received a letter from
the Bureau of Justice Assistance in which I was informed that
Pathways has been nominated as a national model project by the
BJA’s correctional options program. I have submitted that letter in
my packet to you as well.

My department receives funding for these corrections options
from the Bureau of Justice Assistance of the U.S. Department of
Justice. Under the current U.S. House bill dealing with prison con-
struction, no provisions for continuation of corrections options is in-
cluded. It is the understanding of my department and the BJA that
this factor was actually an oversight, and it was not the purpose
of the elimination for the Option programs.

The Pathways program in New Hampshire was funded through
a Byrne Grant, which was mentioned earlier by the attorney gen-
eral. The proposal was written in response to serious overcrowding
in our prisons, and the recognition that substance abuse and edu-
cation programs are needed to meet the needs of offenders.

There was actually a collaborative effort in the Department of
Corrections, OADAP, Ms. Sylvester, Post Secondary Education,
Employment Security, and Department of Justice that put this
grant together.

Pathways is at the cutting edge of correction programs nation-
wide. With a strong emphasis on education, substance abuse treat-
ment and employment counsel, it offers offenders a package of
skills necessary to assist them in becoming productive citizens.

Pathways has several components. There is the Bypass Program
which has modified the 45-day version of boot camp. This is fol-
lowed by the TIE program. Then subsequently the Summit House
program for inmates with serious drug and alcohol histories.

Transformations—I will skip over some of the material that is in
the packet—was actually a program developed in Texas for dis-
placed workers. We applied that to corrections, and in fact have
trained a number of inmates to become productive citizens.


105

SECONDARY LEVEL: (Grades 7-12)
Drugs, Alcohol, Tobacco:

— inal schools, smoking was higher than the national average.
— _ Atthe high school it was > 10% higher.

= _Levels of beer drinking are significant ranging from 27% (Elm Steet to 66% (NHS)
Even more alarming 41% of the students at NHS report drinking to the level of
getting "very high.

- arvana usage at NHS is > 15% higher than the national average.
=- “i three junior highs indicate substance abuse above the national average.

— All four secondary schools had students reporting cocaine use within the past year.

— Use of hallucinogens was also extensive at NHS---more than double the national average.

Guns and Gangs:

— Al fecondary schools had students reporting that they carried a gun to school.

— Of these students, there was also reported involvement with chemicals,

— _ Allsecondary schools had students reporting involvement with gang activity and:chemical
use was indicated in relation to this,

Suicidal Ideations:

— _ Allsecondary schools reported students with suicidal ideation.
— _ Given the no, of students seen by Student Assistance Personnel at NHS, the figure of 11
students reporting seems to be unusually low (chemical use is indicated in this figure).

Violence towards teachers and peers:

— Over 25% of the students in secondary schools reported threatening to harm another
student or teacher.

_ Over 40% of the students at this level reported being afraid of being hurt by another student

— Over 12% of the students report actually getting hurt by another student at school.

Overall Commentary: Students self-reporting indicates that there is significant substance abuse
at the secondary level. Community action is needed regarding the fact that cocaine use at NHS is
slightly higher than the national average. Recommendations:

Expand prevention education efforts

Provide staff development on identifying student behavior indicative of drug use.
Increase the access to intervention services

Develop and implement peer mediation programs

Pldd


34

Mr. Howarb. From my perspective, which admittedly, is more
narrow than some others, it is not the level of funding that is so
important to me; it is the discretion that we have to use it as need-
ed in New Hampshire. If I could use two words to shorten my an-
swer, block grant.

Ms. SYLVESTER. Without set-asides.

Mr. Yout. Mrs. Thurman, from the Federal perspective, with
DEA agents being a very small amount here in the State, my staff
is very, very tiny to handle a State. We need the grants to be given
to the State and local agencies, to support our effort and their ef-
fort hand and hand.

If we did not have—if the State and local agencies did not have
the ability to function in assisting DEA in their investigations, and
vice versa, we would have had a serious problem here.

We don’t have enough DEA agents to support—which I consid-
ered required for this State, so we rely day-to-day on the State and
local agencies. Without the funding for those agencies, we would be
in serious trouble.

Mr. Scorr. If I may add to that. The moneys that come forth to
assist law enforcement here in New Hampshire, it is necessary.

Those people that are on the front line, those police officers doing
that drug investigation, we, as management watching them, watch-
ing over them, it is paramount what the priorities are, and the pri-
onity is their safety.

e safety issue comes in the line of additional back-up man-
power, various agencies, as well as specialized equipment that is
used to protect them as well as collect evidence.

Without the continuing funds that are out there and the grants
that everyone in here has talked about, the safety issue may come
to light, and that cannot be tolerated.

Thank you.

Mr. BRopEur. If I could say quickly, since the time is up, we do
receive several million dollars. As I mentioned to you, the Path-
ways Grant is a Byrne program. We are in the end of our 4-year
cycle, and therefore those funds are going to be drying up.

There are other programs as well with the grants, so again we
need to find the funds but the question is how.

Mrs. THURMAN. In closing, I think the other issue that you have
to concern yourself with is it is not just an area in which you're
representing here today, but what happens to your State budgets
in general as the dollars coming from the Federal Government are
drawing up.

As you look at other programs, whether it be just yours, or edu-
cation, Medicaid, Medicare, all of those issues and the effect they're
going to have on your State budget.

So even if you do have some of that flexibility, which I agree with
you, where are we going to find the resources?

But I thank you all for being here today and having your testi-
mony.

Mr. ZELIFF. Thank you very much.

Mr. Mica.

Mr. Mica. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and thank you also for
bringing these hearings into the heart of America. Not always do


115

PHILOSOPHY

The purpose of this manual is to provide instructors with a step by step
methodology in teaching the Gang Resistance Education and Training
(G.R.E.A.T. ©) curriculum and to insure uniformity in meeting the goals and
objective of the G.R.E.A.T. Program.

G.R.E.A.T. began in 1991 when representatives from the Bureau of Alcohol,
Tobacco and Firearms (A.T.F.) contacted representatives from the Phoenix,
Glendale, Tempe and Mesa Police Departments the goal being to design and
implement a gang resistance program. The Phoenix Police Department
subsequently authored the following curriculum based upon two fundamental
goals: to reduce gang activity, and to educate a population of young people as
to the consequences of gang involvement.

The program is designed to help middle schocl students become responsible
members of their communities, by setting goals for themselves, resisting
pressures, learning how to resolve conflicts, and understanding how gangs
impact the quality of their life. G.R.E.A.T. is a nine week program,
culminating with a certificate of graduation, a new philosophical outlook
concerning gang activity and the tools needed to resist gang pressure.


136

By the way, I plan to send this information—I’ve done a lot of
research on the subculture—I plan to send this information to your
group, and you can take it from there.

But God bless vou for having the hearing here today. Thank you.

Mr. ZELIFF. Thank you very much. I have your name and ad-
dress. We talked a little bit earlier. When you send that informa-
tion we will fully evaluate it, meet with you and get back to you.

Thank you.

No. 4.

Ms. ARMSTRONG. Hello. My name is Jo Anne Armstrong. I moved
here 3 years ago from Florida.

Mr. Zevirr. That's a switch.

Mrs. THURMAN. I think you are probably in the right place.

Ms. ARMSTRONG. I worked for 8 years with American School that
provides private provider contracts to the State of Florida for adju-
dicating incorrigible youth, so I have quite a number of years expe-
rience in Programming. as well as working with youth.

I am now the executive director of the New Hampshire Team In-
stitution, and I’ve worked statewide with high school students in
prevention programs.

My question centers around my concern about the rate of change
that is occurring at the Federal level. I am concerned that with the
number of issues that are confronting each of you that are working
in Washington that you don’t have ample time to adequately re-
view programming before making cuts.

I would like you to respond.

Mr. ZeLiFF. OK. I will take the first shot and share the second
shot with my good friend from Florida.

First of all, let me give you some statistics to share the urgency,
if I can. In the year 2012, we will have enough money in the Fed-
eral Government to pay the Federal deficit and the cost of entitle-
ments. That is a statement—that’s a fact. In the next 7 years Medi-
care will be broke. In the year 2028 Social Security will be broke.
Our interest on the debt now is about $212 billion. It will soon be
in the next 5 years $272 billion. It is about 16 or 17 percent of our
gross domestic product.

T could go on and on because of neglect. And, frankly, the people
who are going to get a raw deal are the next generation. We can
live it all out and let the train hit the wall and & nothing.

A problem now is that we are very much trying very hard to
make the right decisions. Again, if a mistake gets made, yes, we're
going to have to revisit that mistake.

But the bottom line is we can no longer continue the way we are.
We can no longer have the culture of running business the way we
run our business. It is an irresponsible way. It is a misuse of re-
sources,

If we could make the Federal Government procurement system
more efficient, just the Department of Defense, just the Pentagon,
we would have probably enough to balance the budget.

We need to downsize the Government. Frankly, instead of having
the Government take more and more resources from the private
sector, we need to get them back to the States. We need to put the
responsibility and the dollars back to the States. This is what we're
trying to do.


58

UCR PART ONE CRIMES
1993-1994
Crime 1993 1994 93/94 Change % Change
Marder 5 2 -3 - 60%
Robbery 141 136 “5 -4%
Aggravated Assault 40 54 +14 +35%
Burglaries 1282 1073, = 109 -85%
Thefts 3539 3096 443 =12.5%
Stolen Autos 449 431 -18 -4%
Arsons: 28 56 +28 +100 %
Rapes 3 24 9 -27%
Tenis 5817 4872 - 645 -12%
Violent Crimes 219 n6 3 -1.3%
Property Crimes 5298 4656 642 -12%
CALLS FOR SERVICE

100K

80K

60K

40K @ crs

20K

1993 1994
Calls For Service 1993 1994 93/94 Change ‘% Change
90090 85421 - 4669 -5%


aor

112

Manchester Students DARE’ To Say No
Winners of Drug Education Program’s Essay Contest Announced

Manchester students who participated in
the city’s Drug Abuse ‘Education

"Resistance make
program, or DARE, which teaches young-

str te dangers of fer pressure and drugs
‘while promoting recently partici

Sedna DARE: eeay cones Here we
ne winningentries:

and
lity of our DARE officer, Officer Gi
‘He made the learning fun and was apprecial,

ed by all-studenis, Duriog the year of

DARE, Officer Gilman was not only a tex

‘De forgetten in years to come.

‘As we get older the skills that we learned im
DARE, willbe used more often. We need 19

keep our bodies free of drugs, so we can use word

four whole mins. We have learned to keep
‘our emotions under control o avoid viclence,
‘Alhough DARE. hasnt changed my life
ow, T wall use DARE as I face each new sit
a2 Tbecome olde
ARE,
By CHELSEY FITZGERALD
‘Wome Seno

Drugs. Violence. Alcohol. Even though you

‘them 19 use drugs or alcohol. Or maybe they
see an a fort an thine col The pots
{wall stars with children ard that's how the
DARE. program ix so helpful

King said, “courage is an
Inne eoton fo go award i pi of o>

sured nla ‘enough
Stcnath fo say “NOP alo fal that the
‘more, kids there are who go through the

BARE: program, the lets Where wil be that

aetinto drugs.

‘tin and
that you ean talk to other adults besides you

"© if you use drugs, youll ¢
that frends whatsoever and

parents and fel comfortable with them. I've
earned tht t's okay to say "NO" and to tay
strong wish that decision, Its cool to say
"NO!" w drugs!

ARE
STEP: wie MURDOUGH
er aen 1 eae the word “DARE,” Eula
member my sixth-grade D.

fences and peer pressure DARE. means
Brag Abuse Renstanee Baueaton. fir vey
portant in everyboy ie

EE program can help save people
by iellng poopie Sl ts use dup Because
drugs can Kill you or the people who are with
you. You can get garetts,

DARE Bae mug ret ee

sure and not 10 that ean Mur
Sareone, This csi ike a refresher cour,
‘this wu before a

DARE taught me about the media ap-
proach and the different kinds of TV. com-

one should. use drugs. Ano
rugs should stop because drugs are no good.

up sath 10
that's a fact I you
Ihave frends, they'll probably be drug users.
two. Yo. can kill people just by Being near
them fem secon hand thea you

armed

‘smoke and

'S a ng, Tee a shames ta et a
He "DARE. hike mine does Now 1
‘wil newer, ever Se

ml because it
tenes ids to Hee clea? of droge and o>

Everyiody needs DARE, I'm glad Tm
wwhngvn enue


76

I appreciate your taking us along so we can see the sites as well.

I yield back the balance of my time.

Mr. ZELIFF. J would like to introduce Sheila Roberge, State sen-
ator. Thank you for being here today. Appreciate your interest.

Paul, you and I were talking a little bit about the cameramen
who were talking to some of the residents on the street, did this
thing really make a difference.

There was really a level of excitement in their voices. I think the
message that we got is not only yes, but hell yes.

I guess the feeling that I also got yesterday when we were com-
ing through and today, if you have a problem, you feel comfortable

about asking for help. And you're getting help. I guess that makes
a big difference too.

Ms. SUTPHEN. Yes, it does.

Mr. Zevirr. I would like to ask all of you, the three of you par-
tieularly, what you think about the question of legalization of

rugs.

Please don’t misunderstand my question. I don’t believe in legal-
ization of drugs. I think that wouldn’t be a good answer. I think
it would probably be a disaster.

Having said that, what do you all think of it? I think just think
we need to get that issue on the record.

Mayor.

Mr. Wieczorek. I certainly am opposed to the legalization of
drugs. I don’t think in any way, shape or form should we condone
it.

That seems to be the easy way out, and I’m not sure it is a way
out because what we're talking about is trying to get people, the
users, not to be users, and trying to prevent people who are not
users, not to become users.

By legalizing it, we’re condoning it and saying it is all right. It
isn’t all right. It has ruined so many lives that I am totally opposed
to the legalization.

It is going to be much more difficult to try to cut down on de-
mand with the programs that are going to have to be introduced,
but I think it is an area that we're going to have to persist in.

Mr. ZELIFF. Chief.

Mr. FAVREAU. I wonder how the chief of police feels about that
issue. Let’s just say, for example, that they legalize crack. One or
two hits of crack and they’re done. A person is completely hooked
after that. How can you say—actually, what you are doing is you
remove all of the free will of the individual who may or may not
want to experiment with a drug, because once you experiment with
it, its done, you're done, and you're life is done. You might as well
die because there’s no control over what you do, how you do it. All
you want is more. And you will do whatever you can to continue
the habit.

Absolutely, unequivocally, totally opposed to legalizing drugs.

Mr. Zeuirr. Thank you.

Paul.

Mr. GaGNon. I agree with the chief. Certainly we're not going to
deal with the drug problem by legalizing what are now illegal

rugs.


28

Success of these people to illicit drug efforts is due in part by the
assistance given to them by certain New Hampshire residents by
means of providing temporary housing, the use of addresses for the
purposes of registering a motor vehicle, or even registering a motor
vehicle for them.

In addition, others have rented apartments in their own names
for the sole purpose of aiding those responsible for crack cocaine
trafficking. These actions on the parts of these individuals caused
a great deal of difficulty on the part of law enforcement when the
need for identification arises.

Identification at times is an immense problem for law enforce-
ment identifying the Dominican source. They have numerous
aliases with appropriate credentials to support their claims. Some
have been deported only to return with different identification and
credentials.

Fingerprinting is the only way to positively identify any of these
people once they have been arrested. The seller got as high as the

yuyer is because of the recent law enforcement pressure. The fur-
ther up you go in New Hampshire the demand for crack is less.
The crack distribution up there is done by white Anglo-Saxons.

The source cities for the crack in the northern part of the State
is Manchester, Lowell and Lawrence.

Marijuana is well-documented throughout the areas of New
Hampshire, while large amounts of both domestics and imported
quantities have been seized. The demand is steady for the drug and
readily available.

Marijuana eradication program by the New Hampshire State Po-
lice and DEA have been extremely successful in the last 9 or 10
years, insomuch that it eliminated virtually all of the large outdoor
grower operations. We theorize that the major domestic grower op-
erations that do adjust New Hampshire are indoor grower oper-
ations.

The Federal authorities can and have identified source cities
throughout the United States that are responsible for infiltrating
drugs into this area. Local law enforcement has done an excellent
job in the secondary market.

State police major drug cases have linked sources to out-of-state
contributors and sources for the drugs, as well as to include Ari-
zona, Florida, Colombia and Mexico.

Thank you very much.

Mr. ZELIFF. Thank you. I’m sure you will have several questions.
I appreciate your testimony.

The Chair now recognizes Special Agent in Charge of DEA in
New Hampshire, Mr. Bill Yout.

Mr. Yout. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I would like to, if you
wouldn’t mind, before I start my testimony read a letter that was
sent to you by Administrator Constantine of the Drug Enforcement
Administration.

Mr. ZELIFF, We won't charge that against your time.

Mr. Your. Thank you.

Dear Chairman Zeliff, thank you for your invitation to participate in this impor-
tant hearing in New Hampshire. I am sorry I am unable to be with you today to
discuss the situation in your State.

The Drug Enforcement Administration is graduating another class of basic agents
today, and I will be at Quantico to share this happy occasion with them.


94

thar. these messages resonate when delivered by other young people.
Rather than funding community coalitions it is my sense that
Federal money should mandate the coalitions exists in order to

qualify for funding.

The cornerstone of prevention is young people. Youngsters who

grow up in this day and age are growing up in a world that

changing with rapid speed, not only technologically but also in
serms of family fabric. Economic times demand that parents
maintain employment and ‘that for many, employment is their first
priority out of necessity. Concept of extended families are no
longer with us and therefore the community has to re-create itself
into neighborhoods and smaller communities which are supportive of
one another. This is the role of prevention in our communities.
Prevention needs to target specific weaknesses that exists within
the community. ‘These might involve low neighborhood attachment,
lack of employment, lack of support within the families and
neighborhoods, the tacit allowance of crime to pervade the
neighborhood. Prevention must also encourage the continuation of

the positive attributes of the community.

Schools are usually ideal rallying points for neighborhoods.
Schools have the physical space and talent needed to deliver
services to young people. This is especially true in the after

school hours. Community policing and neighborhood coalitions


9

Substance abuse consumes two-thirds of our law enforcement ef-
forts and crowds our court dockets, contributes to teenage preg-
nancy, school drop-outs, fire fatalities, drowning, highway fatali-
ties, homicides and suicides.

Sixty to eighty percent of child abuse and neglect occurs because
of the substance abuse of parents. Sixty percent of all domestic vio-
lence involves substance abuse. Forty-nine percent of incest _cases
are committed when the perpetrator is under the influence. Eighty
percent or more of New Hampshire’s prison inmates are there be-
cause of a substance abuse related crime or problem.

Dartmouth research studies recently pointed out that there will
be: about 625 crack babies born a year in the State of New Hamp-
shire.

The trend over these years is fairly steady. A number of alcohol
abuses, a gradual increase in the use of marijuana, cocaine and
LSD steady with slight increases in 1992, 1993 and 1994. But most
alarmingly is the 100 percent increase in heroin use from 1991 to
1995. I’ve included in my written testimony a couple of charts that
will point that out.

The Federal Government estimates that 15 percent of folks on
welfare nationwide are in need of alcohol and drug treatment. That
coincides with New Hampshire’s estimate of 14 percent. New
Hampshire is now going from a welfare program to a work pro-
gram. That means we are going to have to treat approximately
1,569 welfare recipients if they’re going to get a job, hold a job and
eventually become self-sufficient.

This is dismal indeed since we already have 90 people out there
on our waiting list waiting just to get some initial treatment.

We are a small agency. Our current budget is $7 million. We
have a total of 50 employees, and we are responsible for all of the
State agency’s administrative functions. We provide prevention
services direct, operate a multiple DWI offender detention program,
oversee and hear driver intervention programs; for the first of-
fender, we operate Tirrell House, a half-way house for recovering
males, a 14-bed facility that is run 7 days a week, 24 hours a day.
And when the staff is full, the total number is six.

We also oversee three outreach workers that work the streets at
night, the very streets we are going to see when we take our tour
today.

We also support a continuum of care, a network of services. By
contracting with community providers, non-profit organizations and
agencies.

We have a true partnership for those folks, and they have a true
partnership with their communities. They utilize a lot of volunteers
to keep those services going.

Our network of services include crisis intervention, sobriety
maintenance, social detox, out-patient counseling, short and long-
term residential treatment, therapeutic communities, transitional
living, halfway house, and until we ran out of fiscal resources, we
subsidized medical detox for our heroin addicts.

Our halfway house and transitional living services are a great
asset to the rest of our treatment component. Anyone can get into
any step in the modality of our treatment network once they have
been assessed and evaluated.


71

On a related issue, I would respectfully suggest that we also
need to maintain the tough drug laws that we have on the books
now.

As I’m sure some of you are aware, the U.S. Sentencing Commis-
sion has recently recommended that the penalties for crack cocaine,
relating to crack cocaine be drastically reduced.

Chief Favreau mentioned this morning one of the reasons this
was a joint Federal, State, local operation, and that it was pros-
ecuted in the Federal court was because of the speed with which
the criminal justice system works, but also because of the serious-
ness of the sanctions for this particular drug, which is a very insid-
ious and, I would say, life-threatening drug.

Those guidelines will become law if the Congress doesn’t act to
stop that.

Mr. ZELIFF. You indicated a November timeline?

Mr. GaGNnon. This fall. I can get you the exact date. I know the
Justice Department has been in touch with Members of Congress.
T don’t think they’ve been in touch with this committee. I will cer-
tainly see that that takes place.

Mr. ZELIFF. We will make a commitment to follow through on
that and work with you. Thank you.

Mr. GaGNoN. Thank you very much. The other thing I would like
to say is with regard to some of the funding issues that have been
brought up today.

I think if you talk to all of the law enforcement people in this
room, the law enforcement people across the country, I think they
would all be virtually in agreement that we’re never going to law
enforcement our way out of this problem.

We need to continue the dedicated law enforcement efforts. We
need to continue to vigorously enforce the laws that we have now,
and to prosecute the cases that come before us. But if we don’t just
as vigorously address the prevention issues which were addressed
earlier this morning as well as education and treatment, it is a
rather hopeless battle.

So I would hope that we would continue to maintain a tough law
enforcement stance, but I would also hope that we would continue
our attention and direct our attention to preventing the problem
before it starts through education. Then, for the people who unfor-
tunately get caught up in it, then we try to keep whatever effective
treatment programs that are out there still available.

Mr. ZE.IFF. Great. Perfect.

Mr. Mica.

Mr. Mica. Well, one of the things that we’re trying to do as we
deal at the Federal level with limited dollars is to see where pro-
grams are the most successful and, actually, also how we can tar-
get our dollars and our efforts.

One of the things is we have built huge bureaucracies to admin-
ister some of these programs, and if you just look at some of these
statistics—I oversee the House Civil Service Subcommittee—you
see tens of thousands of people in Washington administering var-
ious programs, whether it is HHS or HUD or on and on.

What I would like to know is as we make these changes, what
are your recommendations? There is going to be some downsizing
in the amount of Federal participation, as far as finances, and then


83

signed to help parents support in the home what we're trying to
do in the classroom.

We suggested that it should be mandatory for any parent who
has a—who is receiving a housing subsidy, and that would be a
condition of receiving that subsidy.

The director told me that was absolutely impermissible. That.
there could be no conditions, He was perfectly willing to go along
with it. His hands were tied by Federal regulations that. made that
kind of condition on a housing subsidy not available.

I don’t know why we would have that leverage and not use it be-
cause all we’re asking when you boil it down, we're suggesting that
these parents should cooperate with us and, as part of receiving a
subsidy, engage in parenting skills to help them help us make their
community, their neighborhood, a drug-free neighborhood and work
with us on it. I couldn’t see that kind of condition as very onerous
at all.

I would strongly request and urge that any kind of a legislative
or regulatory remedy to that should be pursued. Not only should
it be permissible for us to do something like that, I would think
that would be an obligation of every housing director, in that kind
of situation, to promote those kinds of things.

Mr. ZELIFF. Would you be willing to put that together formally
ina letter and request, and give it to Pam Kocher, my District Di-
rector?

Mr. MITCHELL. I certainly would.

Mr. ZELIFF. We will be happy to see it, do what we can, and take
a review and see what we can do to help.

Mr. MITCHELL. Thank you. In closing, I would just like to say
thank you for holding this hearing and giving us an opportunity to
express ourselves.

If there is anything we can do in Dover to help out this commit-
tee on any of these issues, we would be privileged to participate.

[The prepared statement of Mr. Mitchell follows:]


5

Thurman, we are going to ask all Members to refrain from opening
statements, if that is OK. Without objection, so ordered.

The Chair will also leave the record open for 2 weeks for longer
statements by our witnesses if anything should come forth, or any-
body thinks of something afterwards. We will have it allowed in
the hearing record. Without objection, so ordered on that as well.

The Chair will now recognize the ranking minority member, Mrs.
Karen Thurman from Florida for her opening statement.

Mrs, THURMAN. Thank you very much. Being the Good politician
that you are and a former State legislator, I would like to welcome
all our New Hampshire State legislators. If you would please stand.
{Applause.]

h Mr. ZeLirr. Thank you all very much for your interest in being
ere.

Karen, thanks.

Mrs. THURMAN. Actually, Mr. Bass helped me a little bit with
that, so I thank him.

Good morning. I want to thank you, Chairman Zeliff, for your
kind welcome, and I will try to be brief so we can get right to the
matter at hand.

I am pleased to be here in New Hampshire, and I want to thank
you for your hospitality. Unlike a few people, this is not strange
country to me. My father actually was born in Concord, NH, but
then went into the Air Force, so we have some roots here. Just so
you will know that we’re not strangers to this area.

I also want your constituents to know how much I appreciate
your leadership on the vitally important issue of fighting the di
Problem in this country. We are all thankful for all of your hard
work.

Mr. Chairman, I also want to congratulate you for holding this
field hearing. I agree completely that it is important for us to get
beyond the Beltway and to see what is actually happening in this
country. I am confident that the testimony the subcommittee will
hear in this forum will go a long way in helping us come up with
solutions to the drug problem facing our Nation’s young people, be-
cause it will take all of us to win this war.

As the chairman has mentioned, the subcommittee has held a se-
ries of hearings and taken investigative trips to examine this very
serious matter. I want to repeat my views on this matter: drug
abuse is not a partisan issue. It is a matter of national concern.

The recently released 1994 National Household Survey on drug
abuse does show some very disturbing trends, particularly the fact
that for the first time marijuana use among 12 to 17 year-olds is
on the increase.

As our Drug Czar, Dr. Lee Brown, said when the survey results
were announced: “Marijuana is illegal; it is not benign, it is not
harmiess.” We all agree with those thoughts. In a major speech to
Maryland middle school students on September 13, President Clin-
ton said the following about the dangers of drug abuse: “It is
wrong. It is illegal. It is dangerous.” It is a horrible first step, and
we have got to turn that number around.

Although we all agree about the need to eradicate the drug prob-
lem, we in Congress need to do more. I am opposed and concerned
to the deep cuts that appropriators in both the House and Senate


lll

light to these kids. As the kids get older. they begin to develop a negative attitude
toward authority figures, especially police officers. We feel it is important to try to
keep a positive bond with these kids. We hope that it will make them think twice
before choosing the negative path. if they know that we truly do care about them.

Kids today have a hard time growing up because of all the negative pressures
they face daily. It's important that they can feel they have someore they can tum
to for help or to just talk to. Because the same three officers do ail three programs
in our schools, they get to know some of these kids personally and the kids truly
feel like the officer is there to help them.

Some of our officers have developed a rapport with some ef these kids. that
continues to grow throughout the vears. It is not uncommon to have a child call or
stop by the station to talk to their DARE officer well after their time in school
together has ended. Some of our DARE officers have been contacted 3 or 4 vears
later by former students. The students have called when they're in a jam, have
concems or just nced to talk to someone. Officer Gilman. who is one of our
current DARE officers. doesn't stop with his classroom visit, He can be found
playing in the school yard during recess, or in the bleachers cheering his students
on during a basketball game. "His" kids know he truly does care about what
happens to them. This past year, Officer Cavanaugh. one of our first DARE
officers, now assigned to the juvenile division. was invited to the 16th birthday
party of one of his former students. He had not seen this student in a few years. In
speaking with the mother. Officer Cavanaugh was told that ke made such a
positive impression on her child, that her child considers him to be a person they
can trust and look up to.

We believe that not only is it important to educate these kids about the dangers
of drugs and gangs, but it is also important to make these kids understand that we
truly do care about them. We will be there to help them get through these difficult
vears so that they can grow up to lead productive lives.


81

Mr. FAVREAU. Thank you very much.

Mr. GAGNON. Thank you.

Mr. ZELIFF. Thank you, Alice.

Ms. SUTPHEN. Thank you.

Mr. ZELIFF. If the next panel would move forward.

While we are getting settled, I would like to introduce Capt.
Dana Mitchell of the Dover Police Department, Michael Plourde,
executive director of Nashua Youth Council, John Ahman of the
Marathon House, and Sgt. Dick Tracy of the Manchester Police De-
partment.

If you would all be willing to stand up and raise your right hand.

itnesses sworn.]

STATEMENTS OF CAPTAIN DANA C. MITCHELL, DOVER POLICE
DEPARTMENT; MICHAEL PLOURDE, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR,
NASHUA YOUTH COUNCIL; JOHN AHMAN, REGIONAL PRO-
GRAM DIRECTOR, MARATHON, INC.; SGT. RICHARD TRACY,
CRIME PREVENTION DIVISIONS, MANCHESTER POLICE DE-
PARTMENT

Mr. MITCHELL. Good afternoon, Mr. Chairman and members of
the committee. My name is Dana Mitchell. I’m the captain with the
Dover Police Department. On behalf of Chief Fenniman I would
like to thank you for holding this hearing on this very important
topic.

What I would like to do this afternoon is highlight our Drug Free
Dover Program, and emphasize some areas where we feel Congress
and perhaps the Federal Government can help us from a local level
in combating the problem of drug abuse at the local level.

The components of the Drug Free Dover Program include the fol-
lowing: an expansive D.A.R.E. curriculum which includes not only
the core D.A.R.E. Program, but the additional D.A.R.E. curricu-
lums that occur at the early elementary school, junior high and
high school.

t_ is our intention to provide a drug prevention classroom cur-
riculum that is coordinated over a full range of a child’s develop-
ment, and not just a one-shot blast at a particular grade. This is
a more expensive approach, but it is, in our feeling, a more appro-
priate and effective approach.

We have the Gateway Drug Program that attempts to interrupt
the progression of substance use by young people which starts with
alcohol and tobacco and gravitates to marijuana and other drugs.

We have the Youth Athletic Program, a Drug-Free I.D. Program
that brings the business community into the prevention effort.

A Youth Peer Outreach Program, which is our effort to bring the
young People of our community into the prevention effort in the
form of organized student groups that are engaged in various ac-
tivities to prevent drug abuse among their peers.

We have a community policing effort that involves two officers
who each have their own neighborhood in targeted neighborhoods
where they do drug prevention and other types of work in an effort.
to reach the community directly that way. In addition, those offi-
cers teach D.A.R.E. in the school that services that particular
neighborhood, further heightening the drug prevention aspect of

eir work.


107

subsequently remain abstinent for long periods of time, and they
have reduced involvement in illegal activities.

What makes some treatment programs more effective than oth-
ers? Recovery rates improve when each client is matched to the
most appropriate level of care. The clients needs are thoroughly as-
sessed, taking into consideration such factors as medical and men-
tal status, employment, family, and whether there are dependents
to consider. For example, a woman with children might do best in
a program that includes child care services.

At Marathon we have made enhancements over the last several
years that definitely have improved retention rates and outcomes.
‘We added an Outward Bound type growth scores, and we have be-
come more family focused on family education and therapy, and we
have strengthened and extended our after care components.

Cost effectiveness and cost cutting are the watch words in New
Hampshire as well as in Washington today. Taxpayers, angry at
Congress for wasting dollars, are increasingly asking questions
about whether their money is being used wisely.

At the same time, they want to stop crime in their communities.
There are many studies, and certainly our own experience tells us
that there is a definite relationship between crime and drug use.

However, there are alternatives to incarceration for drug addicts.
Within the last years several studies have documented the effec-
tiveness of drug treatment as an anti-crime measure.

Good treatment programs not only reduce crime and, incidently,
lower health care costs, but also do it more cheaply than a prison.

New Hampshire, like other States, is experiencing overcrowding
in its prisons. Some of this overcrowding could be alleviated by
court diversion programs for drug abusers and freeing up the space
for violent offenders.

Studies in our experience at Marathon House show that after
treatment, recovering addicts are less likely to be involved in crime
and more likely to be employed. As employees, they pay more taxes
and use fewer social services, helping to reduce the overall tax bur-

len.

Treatment is more appropriate and often less expensive than in-
carceration for many people who have used drugs. Not only is good
treatment considered by experts to be more effective in reducing
drug abuse, but the cost of residential treatment is less than half
the cost of incarceration. Outpatient treatment can cost society as
little as one-tenth as much as incarceration.

September is Treatment Works here in New Hampshire. There
are a couple of open houses if the committee has a chance to visit.
One is Terrell House right here in Manchester, and I think invita-
tions have been submitted to the committee. I think it would be
good to see what works here in this community.

We are also having an open house in Keene, at our Keene Crisis
Site. You may want to visit that.

A recent study shows that for every dollar invested in treatment
programs, taxpaying citizens enjoy a full dollar return in reduction
of drug related costs. Savings are measured in a decrease of drug
related crime, criminal justice cost and theft. The increased work-
place productivity is a bonus not included in the previous statistics.


92

out there. That is just in the greater Nashua area. Those are only
the kids that come to our notice, like being arrested. They are not,
by far, most of the kids who are using.

I want to touch briefly on my agency. It is a little strange in that
we do prevention work, we do intervention work and we do also
treatment. We do outpatient counseling with kids in this area.

I have included a lot of counseling points in my written state-
ments. I don’t want to be redundant, but I’m mentioning them over
again.

‘When I think in terms of outpatient counseling, what is really
important is that we really developed a continuum of care of kids.

In the Challenge Program that I mentioned, one of the questions
that we ask the fia is: “What age were you when you first started
to use substances?” The average age is 11.5 years old. That is the
first time they smoked pot or drank.

When young people are that age, they don’t really understand
what they’re getting themselves involved in obviously, and as they
continue to use, even into the junior high ages, we need to be ready
to deal with the issues that arise as a result of their use.

In order to achieve that, we need to have a good continuum of
care, not only in the community, but sometimes we need to have
detox facilities available, and sometimes we need to have good in-
patient treatment available, because that is what is necessary for
some young folks. Not all, but for some.

With that, I would like to thank you for the opportunity to offer
testimony.

(The prepared statement of Mr. Plourde follows:]


60

Number of Contacts

Phase II and II! Operation Streetsweeper

‘Through September 22, 1995

CTT TT

Fiels Contacts

Field Cards: Photos

Type of Contact



and local lawmen and lawomen.

Operation Streetsweeper can be viewed as a prototype of what
can be achieved as a result of hard work and close cooperation
between federal, state and local law enforcement. The United
States Attorney and the Manchester Police Chief were able to draw
from and to coordinate diverse law enforcement resources. Once
they were drawn together, the agencies cooperated together and
conducted themselves in conformity with the highest principles of
professional law enforcement. In drawing them together, the
United States Attorney and the Chief acted in full conformity
with the purposes of New Hampshire’s Anti-Violent Crime Working
Group, of which both are leading members.

Quantitative measures of success are often difficult to
assess. Statistical data can be misleading. Numbers such as 55
defendants indicted pursuant to Phase I or 26 individuals
arrested on the first night of Phase III are relative, and thus,
difficult to place into the overall scheme of things. Qualitative
results, however, are sometimes easier to grasp. Accordingly,
the most important measure of success for Operation Streetaweeper
may lie in the obvious effect it has had on the quality of life
of the people of Manchester.

Today, the streets of Manchester are simply not the same
streets that they were two years ago. Crack houses have been
closed down; from 150 known crack houses, two years ago, to less
than a dozen today. Drug dealers no longer crowd the city’s

street corners. Gang members no longer make the exodus up from


18

Private 369 «397 25 52
BC/BS. 196 539 21 93
Medicare 38 4 8 7
Medicaid 177-201 29°47
None 3505 2663 880 919
Other insurance 163 177 17 28
Payment Method: .
Self 2533 1965 587 571
BC/BS 103 176 3 43
Medicare 18 = 34 17 (17
Medicaid 110 250 47 107
Workers Comp 2 78 0 21
Other govt. 293 267 3130
insurance
No charge 748 626 53 12
Other 625 376 258 «315.
Court Ordered 1744 1480 349 - 349
Other Substance 1819 1609 475 567
Arrests

OADAP believes that it is critical to provide broad-based prevention efforts that involve
not only the schools, but also community groups, civic organizations, churches, law enforcement
personnel, parents and our younger citizens. We support and fund Student Assistance Programs
in the schools, Employee Assistance Programs for the workplace, Peer Leadership Trainings,
Parenting Trainings, Youth Offices in our larger cities, Drop-In Centers, and we award many
‘small grants to non-profit agencies and organizations.

There are five Regional Coordinators on the agency staff who work with community
volunteer groups, offering technical assistance for prevention programming, helping with
implementation, reviewing progress on an on-going basis, and evaluating the outcome of these
efforts. Regional Coordinators are also involved in the fund raising efforts for community
groups and their innovative prevention programs.

OADAP has also developed a very active Partnership for a Drug-Free New Hampshire.
The Committee appointed by the Governor consists of representatives from the various media
and business community. In a very short period of time the State has been the beneficiary of
nearly a million dollars worth of free media anti-drug messages, and the Partnership is going
strong. Recently the Partnership introduced the placemats that will be used in every single
McDonald’s statewide, containing not only an anti-drug message but also the 800 number that
can be called for drug information and assistance.

Peer Leadership Training for high school students with leadership capabilities or potential »
is provided through programs such as NH Teen Institute and Peer Outreach Training. Student
Assistance Programs in school systems across the state are supported. Drug and alcohol-free


47

would need. I promised the people who lived there a better quality
of life, and I will continue to do it as long as I have to.

Thank you very much.

(The prepared statement of Mr. Favreau follows:]


51

actually working within the city. It w

believed that by meeting
with these "street level” lawmen the United States Attorney and
the Chief would be abie to get a bird’s eye view of exactly what
was going on and of exactly what needed to be done in order to
deal with it.

As a result of that initial meeting and of further
diecussions between the United States Attorney’s office and the
Manchester Police Department, Operation Streetsweeper was
implemented. The purpose of Operation Streetsweeper would be to
target and attack criminal activity on the streets of Manchester,
particularly drug trafficking and violent crime.

It was envisioned that Operation Streetsweeper would consist
of several progressive phases. Each successive phase would be

designed to “piggyback” and to exploit the work and success of

earlier phases. In thie fashion continual law enforcement
pressure would be brought to bear upon Manchester’s criminal
elements. Ultimately, it was hoped, those criminal elements
would feel compelled to remove themselves from the city.
Furthermore, Operation Streetsweeper would marshal federal,
state and local law enforcement resources into a large, long-
term, cooperative effort. For obvious reasons, the principle
initiating and directing agencies would be the United States
Attorney’s Office and the Manchester Police Department. However
by the time it had entered into Phase III, active, participating
agencies would include the New Hampshire Attorney General, the

New Hampshire State Police, the New Hampshire Drug Task Force,


80

My job is to support him, give him the tools, the equipment and
the finance to get the job done. And if we're getting the job done,
then I don’t anticipate there is going to be a problem.

Mr. ZELIFF. Great.

Mrs. Thurman.

Mrs. THURMAN. Let me first of all say thank you to all of you
for sharing your time and your city with us, and certainly what
you've done here is very impressive.

dust to make a few comments, because I tend to agree with Paul
a little bit when we talked about the block grant issues. I think
that is very important.

But I also hope that as we listen to the definition—because one
of the things I heard down on the street was CDBGs, and that if
you’d listen to some of the conversation in Congress over the
CDBGs, one of the things you heard about was, oh, that is going
to provide a swimming pool, and that’s all you heard.

In fact, it sounded to me like you had used those moneys in a
very positive way.

So just for this panel’s purpose, I think it is part of our respon-
sibility as leaders to take what we've learned here, take the kind
of funds that you’ve been able to get from us, how you've used
them, and try to get away from some of the myths that we use on
the floor to try to sabotage a program instead of trying to look at
what we've done positively.

So I appreciate the fact that you’ve shared some of that with us.

I know that there’s been an issue called the Public Partnership
Act last year, and I’m just kind of bringing this out to my friends
over here because I was a supporter of that. It was about $2 billion.
It was to be used for communities to develop their own drug pro-

ams.

Well, there was a big argument on the floor about, well, we can’t
just have 13 lines telling us how to spend Federal dollars.

I thought that was a little ironic because I believe, in fact, that
is what those dollars were specifically supposed to be used for.

You’ve developed a program. I think what Paul was sayin;
very true: one size does not fit all. We have got to provide the flexi-
bility. We have got to allow our communities to be creative. We've

ot to allow people like Alice to be able to participate with their
Government and make that positive change that you all have done.

I think that is something that all of us up here has got to learn,
that you are closest to the people, and if it is only 13 lines, so what.

Again, Mr. Chairman. I think you live in a very lucky place—or
Representative, a very lucky place that has taken the initiative
with their businesses and with their local leaders and with their
community and constituencies. I congratulate all of you.

Mr. Favreau. Thank you very much.

Mr. ZELIFF. Thank you, Mrs. Thurman. I can’t think of a better
way to wrap it up.

T want to thank all of you in this panel for your service here to
your city, State, your country. I hope some day we can put all this
war behind us and get on to other things. Right now, we thank you
for recognizing this is the No. 1 issue facing our country.

Thank you all.

Mr. WIECZOREK. Thank you.


142

Until we stop the demand itself, until we start showing and lead-
ing by example, until we start having role models that are looked
up to, until we start getting everybody talking about the problem
as if it was their No. 1 problem, then it is.

Once we draw the line in the sand and say, as you have here,
we're not going to take it anymore, we’re going to take our commu-
nity back, we're going to take our streets back, we're going to take
our schools back, when you draw the line in the sand, it is amazing
what happens because guess what happens?

We are just walking down the street today. The community is ex-
cited, the police are excited. Everybody is excited. It is a win/win.

Guess what else is going to happen? The publicity comes out,
people see it on TV, read it in the newspaper, call up the mayor—
1 bet you both are going to get calls—what can we do to help?

To me, that is what has to happen. It is not just dollars and
cents. It has to come from your heart. People have to want to helo
themselves too. We can provide all the things in the world. Since
1965 we've provided all kinds of welfare. It is not working.

We need to provide education, training. We need to provide al!
of this, but you have to have a willing buyer as well as a willing
seller. How is the Federal Government ever going to replace the
family or the connection of the grandmother or the uncle or aunt
that cares?

We have one heck of a challenge to do that.

Mr. Rosapo. It takes money to do that. You asked me earlier at
Hope how we started. I said with your money.

Mr. ZELIFF. That's right.

Mr. Rosapo. We got a partial grant from the Office of Alcoho!
and Drug Prevention, but it takes money to do that.

Mr. ZELIFF. What we're saying here is we've increased the budget
in terms of the war on drugs. Weve gone from 13.4 to 14.6. The
bottom line is, what we’re trying to do is figure out what’s working
and what’s not. Where are we wasting the money and where are
we not wasting the money so that we can funnel it into programs
like those here that are working. That is what we need to do.

Unfortunately, we just got—I have to read you this. My friend
Mr. Mica from Florida, whose wife has been very patiently wait-
ing—right, you have to take a plane—do you want to say anything?

ir. Mica. No. I just thank you and thank Bill for his leadership
on this issue. This is just one of many things. He’s done a great
job in Congress, and it is a treat for me to serve with him. Thank
you very much.

Mr. ZELIFF. Thank you very much, John.

Thank you, George, very much. We will continue to work with

ou.
y Mr. SOUDER. May I make a comment? I spent many—like many
of the freshmen earlier—the question was that we don’t have expe-
rience with a lot of the programs—34 were State legislators.

I worked for the House and Senate for 10 years as did many in
our class. Others were mayors or other things. It is not as though
we haven't seer 2 lot of the programs just because we haven't been
in Congress. Not al! wisdom lies in Congress. You can get it at dif-
ferent other places as well.


135

I was hoping you could comment from your lessons from cities
around the country as to the tools that we could use to fight this
problem.

Mr. ZELIFF. Thank you very much, Tim. My personal inclination
is that—I was thinking—up in Jackson, my hometown, we had a
case. I notice Bob Morrel sitting in the back of the room there.

We had a case of an old hotel that was vacated down at the bot-
tom of the hill. It was very much like one of those crack houses we
saw at lunchtime today. It was all bordered up. Kids used to play
in there. People stayed overnight. It was a fire hazard. Drugs, all
kinds of things going on.

A group of people—Bob and I were two of the group. Again, there
were no Federal dollars involved. We just had to get involved like
you all in your community, and we had to buy it, get rid of it. It
was a community project. That’s the way we had to do it. We had
to get all of the permits and all the stuff to make it happen.

My guess is there are not going to be a lot of Federal laws that
I can think of. It has to be some local planning board stuff and
things that you all have to do in the city here.

Mayor, I don’t want to throw it back to you, but any comment?
Any suggestion that I may have overlooked?

Mr. Wieczorek. I think you’ve covered the area quite well, Con-
gressman. As I stated earlier today, I think one of the important
things we’ve been attempting do with Neighborhood Housing Serv-
ices is to establish that program of trying to teach people how to
be homeowners. That is the important thing.

As I said, if the landlord is in the building, you can be sure there
will be no prostitution, no drug dealing, not even loud music in
that building after hours. This is something that we’re going to per-
severe in.

4 Anything that you can do beyond the things that we're already
loing——

Mr. ZeEuiFF, Like Project Hope and things like that?

Mr. WIeczorEK. Yes. That encourages it.

Mr. ZELIFF. Thank you very much.

No. 15.

Mr. MouLTON. My name is Otto Moulton. I've been involved in
this drug problem for about 18 years. I would like to thank the
committee for having these hearings. You’re getting information
from the trenches when you come out of the Beltway Bandit area.

Mr. ZELIFF. You mean our temporary home during the week?
[Laughter.]

Mr. MouLToN. Anyway, I highly recommend that you have hear-
ings on how the drug money is spent, especially in our colleges.

This past Saturday they had a smoke-in in Boston, MA with
about 40,000 or 50,000 people. I can’t understand the leadership,
the mayor of Boston and the Governor of Massachusetts, and I
don’t want to second-guess them, but that certainly isn’t the right
message for a drug-free country.

Now, the people that headed up that program are people that are
getting thousands of dollars from our Federal Government. That is
the truth.


13

The second chart depicts the dramatic increase in Heroin use between FY 1991 and FY
1995. Certainly an alarming trend.

DRUG COMPARISONS
PERCENTAGE CHANGE
BETWEEN FY91 AND FY95

120.00

400.00

80.00

60.00

40.00

20.00

PERCENT CHANGE IN USAGE

0.00

-20.00



137

Will we make a mistake? We may. Is it better than doing nothing
at all? I believe it is. I believe you've got a lot of committed people,
regardless of which side of the aisle you're on, they’re going to do
the best that they can do to do the right thing, but it is going to
be a challenging few weeks ahead of us, and I think a very reward-
ing and productive few weeks. That is just my personal opinion.

Sars. ‘THURMAN. I hesitate to say anything. When I was home
over the break I was talking about how numbers were driving pol-
icy instead of policy driving numbers. I am very concerned, simi-
larly, to what you are.

I certainly don’t disagree with some of the statements Mr. Zeliff
has made. In fact, we have agreed to things A to Z. I want to see
a debate on the floor to see where we can make those kind of cuts,
and went to my leadership begging them to give us those 56 hours.
Let’s all of us give up a little.

But I still will maintain—and I think this is where the biggest
rub comes for many of us—I’m willing to make those cuts, but I
have a problem with $240 billion.

As I tell my constituents. We don’t go out and spend $240 billion
and then start to cut. You cut when you get to that bottom line,
and then you come back and have the opportunity.

I know there will be people who will disagree. They will tell you
that this is incentives, that this is going to make business grow.
That’s not what we've found in the past, and I think we’re going
to see some very vulnerable proposals.

Tf you take out, just in medical care alone, some $485 billion over
a 7-year period of time. Those programs that we've been sitting
here listening to, whether they’re prevention, interdiction or what-
ever, could have a major impact on the successes that we’ve seen.

And so I think that we should look at policy, and I don’t think
it should be just driven by numbers.

Mr. Zeirr. I am going to make a quick comment and then I’m
going to turn it over to Mark Souder.

You take a look at what we're dealing with with Medicare. We're
dealing with what people would like to have, in other words, what
they would like to have in order to fund all their needs and wants,
based on the rate of growth that we’re now experiencing, we're
going to need 10 to 12 percent. It is out of control.

The private sector can deliver it for a lot less. We’re going to try
to provide an increase of about 7 percent for the next 7 years, a
40 percent increase in Medicare. About $2,000 per person subsidy
in terms of benefits.

We think that we should be able to get along with that and be
able to provide the kind of benefits that people need, our senior
citizens need.

The choice, obviously, of doing nothing would cause us to go
bankrupt. The other thing that we want to do is have a medical
TRA so that we can be responsible for our own future and our own
efforts.

When we do that, we get a value. Whether it be a coupon or a
voucher. Be able to buy our own catastrophic illness. Be able to
provide our benefits, and keep what is left over. In other words, be
in control of our own lives and ultimately be able to roll that
money over year after year.


55

Phase II, with a specific emphasis being added in regard to
illegal firearms possessions and the conducting of criminal
activities by illegal aliens.

Among Phase III‘s features were the following:

First, funding obtained from the United States Attorney’s
Anti-Violent Crime Working Group was used to pay the costs of
having Hillsborough County Sheriff’s cruisers patrol the streets
of Manchester. Each cruiser was continually manned by a
Sheriff’s deputy, a Manchester police officer, a New Hampshire
state trooper and a federal agent. The federal agents were
supplied on a rotating basis by ATF, DEA, INS, HUD and the United
States Marshal.

Second, a concentrated effort was made by INS, the
Manchester police, and the other participating agencies to
locate, detain and deport illegal aliens who were involved in
criminal activity. Teams of police and agents patrolled
Manchester on a random, unannounced basis for this purpose.

Overall organization and implementation of Phase III was
handled by the United States Attorney’s Office, and once again,
field command was in the hands of the Manchester Police
Department. Because of the emphasis which was placed on illegal
firearms possessions, the federal agents assigned to assist in
Phase III were coordinated by Hugo Barrera, Resident Agent In
Charge of ATF’s New Hampshire office. It should be noted that on
the first night of its implementation, a total of 26 individuals

were placed under arrest by the various teams of federal, state


2

bury, MA. We're very excited for the great work that you are doing
down in Massachusetts, Peter. Thank you for being here.

Mr. BLUTE. Thank you for having me.

Mr. ZELIFF. Now, we have Mark Souder. The T.V. personality
from last night’s, Channel 9 news program. Mark is talking to his
office, checking in.

He serves the fourth district of Indiana. He’s from Fort Wayne.
He is a great guy. Frankly, we're going to be doing our next hear-
ing out in Fort Wayne, IN. He is very, very concerned.

arlie Bass. Charlie, thank you for joining us. My colleague anc
cohort in the U.S. Congress, a guy that is doing a great job for New
Hampshire. Charlie, I’m glad ‘a could make it with us, and ap-
preciate your being here as well.

There is one more Member that will be joining us, Jim Longley.
Jim Longley represents the first district of Maine. He is in his first
term. He is from Portland, ME, and we are very glad to have him.
He will be here shortly.

That rounds out our group. We are very excited to be able to look
forward to seeing actually firsthand this afternoon—take a tour
through the neighborhoods. The chief and the mayor have lined up
a very exciting tour for us.

Illegal drugs and the violence that they bring used to be a prob-
lem that happened in other places, but it is one that now affects
our communi right here, and all the communities that we live in.
Not only in New Hampshire, but in any State in the country and,
frankly, for any country in the world.

Our children and grandchildren have many choices that they
have to make that we never had to make. Our community re-
sources are stretched to the limit, parents and teachers are con-
fronting drug use on a scale not ever seen before. Our law enforce-
ment community is doing everything they possibly can to meet the
new challenge, but they are also facing a new strain of drug vio-
lence, a strain that New Hampshire has never had to face until
now.

That is one reason I have been pushing my colleagues in Con-

ess and in the administration to grapple with the drug issue. In

larch, our subcommittee held the first in a series of drug policy
hearings. We heard testimony from Mrs. Nancy Reagan; former
White House Drug Czar Bill Bennett; former DEA head Robert
Bonner; as well as prevention, treatment and interdiction experts
from around the country.

In April and June we held three more hearings. We heard testi-
mony from Dr. Lee Brown, the current White House Drug Czar and
from the heads of DEA, Customs and the Coast Guard.

As a matter of fact, we took a trip with the Coast Guard, a 4-
day weekend trip, and went down to Puerto Rico. Went into’some
very obscure parts of the Bahamas where one or two DEA agents
were holding residence, making sure that those remote islands did
not become drop-off points.

We were on the U.S.S. Mellon, where they had a drug bust. They

icked up a bail of marijuana worth $78,000. It is no wonder we
fave the problem that we have with the influence of money.

I went with Dr. Lee Brown to Framingham Prison for Women.
We went to treatment centers in Boston. In short, we have been


72

I’m pleased to say that I’m also on the record opposing the clean
needle bill, and we've testified at our State Yegislature to that ef-
fect.

I don’t think that in any way do we want to condone the fact
that, well, we're sorry you're using it, but we want to save you or
somebody else. I don’t think there should be any excuse. There is
no excuse for them to participate in that activity, and there is just
no way as mayor of the city that I would ever condone that.

Mr. BLUTE. Chief.

Mr. Favreau. As a police chief, I’m certainly sure you know what
my position is going to be.

I cannot in good conscious, as a police officer, give someone an
instrument that they can use to shoot drugs into their system. It
is totally contrary to what I stand for. That is my position.

Mr. BLUTE. Mr. Gagnon.

Mr. GacNnon. I can’t speak for the Justice Department on this
issue, but I would have to agree with you that it does send a mixed
message, and I would have to ee with the chief that it does
nothing, in my view, to combat the drug problem to make those
kinds of distributions.

Mr. BLUTE. Alice.

Ms. SUTPHEN. I would also have to agree with the panel. I cannot
see any reason for giving them clean needles. What if they don’t
use them? What if they leave them laying on the street? That is
just more needles that a child can find. so I totally disagree with
giving them free needles.

Mr. BLUTE. That is a good point.

Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

Mr. ZELIF¥. Mr. Souder.

Mr. SouDER. I want to commend you for massively jumping on
your problem early on. I represent Fort Wayne, IN, and Mayor
Halmpke, when he took over the city, had already had the crack
problem come down from Detroit. He has tackled two or three
waves of trying to battle this problem, and it continues to over-
whelm.

The new statistics that the police chief just gave me in Fort
Wayne are on LSD. They went from 134 hits that they had con-
fiscated in 1991, down to 39 in 1992, up to 157 in 1993 and then
last year 9,790 hits of LSD. It looks like LSD just hit the city like
crack did in the late 1980’s. Moving down the interstate from De-
troit, it has now spread from Fort Wayne down to Anderson to
Muncie and down to Indianapolis.

Our front page in Fort Wayne yesterday was the impact of con-
stant gunfire on the kids in the city of Fort Wayne. One former
principle who was head of security for the school system when ther
were bringing the new superintendent in at one elementary school,
and he was helping park cars for a half hour and heard 13 gun
shots in the neighborhood around that school.

When I was filming one of my campaign TV commercials right
near that area, there were three operating crack houses in the im-
mediate neighborhood. Jt was around a homeless shelter.

While I was filming my commercial, a crack deal went down in
the house just off the edge of the camera. We've thrown tons of


27

Mr. ZELIFF. Thank you very much. The Chair now recognizes
Sgt. Neal Scott, assistant commander of the Narcotics Investigation
Unit, New Hampshire State Police.

Mr. Scott. Thank you. What I would like to do is explain to you
about what the drug scene is here in New Hampshire. When we
talk about drugs, what is in the State right now includes the fol-
lowing: you've got diverted pharmaceutical drugs being used as
inhalants, cocaine, marijuana, heroin, hashish, methamphetamine,
LSD and crack.

Geographically, the drug problem differs as to the primary drug
of abuse. The problem encountered in the northern part of the
State is not the same in the southern, as goes to differences be-
tween the coastal area and the Connecticut border area.

Population and cultural groups play a big part in the drug of
choice, the method of distribution of certain Grogs differs also geo-
graphically. In the southern area, Manchester-Nashua, the street
corner sales were at one time not uncommon. This appears to be
changing due largely to the strong law enforcement presence.

In other parts of the State, illicit drug sales were done surrep-
titiously behind closed doors. With the success of New Hampshire
law enforcement efforts, scores of individuals involved in illicit di
trade in New Hampshire have been identified and arrested wi
seizures of both large amounts of illicit drugs and U.S. currency.

The people involved in this illicit drug trade have continuously
changed their methods of operation in an attempt to stay ahead of
the New Hampshire law enforcement.

In turn, likewise, law enforcement has had to change its method
of drug operations and investigations also. Looking at the picture
in whole, like I said, it changes geographically. With the No. 1
being the most prevalent, Statewide it would be marijuana the No.
1 problem; cocaine in powder form, No. 2; crack, LSD and heroin
running in a third spot.

Locally, here in Manchester, without question, the No. 1 drug
problem is crack, followed by cocaine in its powder form, marijuana
an .

In the southern border cities such as Nashua, Salem and the sea
coast area, they've determined that crack is the No. 1 problem, fol-
lowed by heroin, marijuana and other drugs to include inhalants.

In the western part of the State, marijuana without question is
the lead drug problem in that area, followed by powdered cocaine,
LSD and then crack.

In the northern part of the State of New Hampshire, marijuana
is the primary drug of abuse, followed by LSD, powdered cocaine
and heroin.

I should say this as far as crack goes. The street level distribu-
tion sales of crack in New Hampshire have been made by low-level
sellers or runners who usually have a drug problem themselves.
This level of dealer is made up of a mix-up of groups.

Going up the ladder and closest to the top you will find the
source to be Dominican origin. It appears the Dominican network
came here with their own people to traffic the crack. In the early
stages of these networks, the use of prostitutes and juveniles were
utilized to distribute crack.


70

With the help of the U.S. attorney, as he has been doing, and the
mayor, and the Board of Aldermen, and especially, as the mayor
said, the people who live in that community, we're going to ferret
those people out and we're going to arrest them.

At least they're scared now. At least they're hiding. At least
they’re not taking over the corners and assaulting people for noth-
ing. And they’re not shooting each other, because every time they
turn around there is a police officer there.

Mr. Mica. J thank you for your response. I thank the ranking
member from Florida, and I yield to the gentleman from Massachu-
setts, Mr. Blute.

Mr. BLUTE. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman, and thank you
for your testimony. It sounds like you've really discovered a way to
put the people, the resources and the ideas together and have some
impact. It is very heartening for this committee to hear about your
efforts because through other hearings and many other ways we're
hearing about a losing war, losing ground.

I think your example is very, very important. The question I
wanted to ask the chief is about manpower levels, and how they
impact your efforts.

You mentioned you brought together outside law enforcement
and many other groups to raise the level of deterrence in these
neighborhoods over an extended period of time. I wonder how you
can describe that.

What is your actual manpower levels versus how many people in
cars and other types of assets you were putting on the street dur-
ing this street-sweeping period.

Mr. Favreau. And the period still continues by the way, Con-
gressman.

We have 187 sworn officers on the Manchester Police Depart-
ment. Certainly, one of the things that I’m consistently looking at
is my budget. I have to see what I have to spend.

Second, as you can see by what has happened in this operation,
as Jimmy Durante once said, everybody wants to get into the act,
and they all did. I had calls from everybody, and I would never,
ever turn away a resource, particularly trained law enforcement
practitioners who want to join with the Manchester Police Depart-
ment and help us fight this war. And it was a war for a while, I'll
tell you.

I am not so proud to say that I can’t do it myself. Why should
I not use a resource that is available to me to help my streets be-
come safe.

It is just amazing how it caught on. Everyone, from the politi-
cians to all of the other law enforcement agencies, more than hap-
pily joined with us. I can be very, very honest with you in saying
that in my 31 years it has probably been the most fun I’ve ever ha
as a law enforcement officer.

Mr. BLUTE. It was a joint effort, but you put more people on the
streets than you normally would have; is that correct?

Mr. FAvREAU. One particular night we had 57 additional law en-
forcement people on the street.

Mr. BLUTE. Over your normal staff levels?

Mr. FAVREAU. Over my regular level.


146

I think that it would be really important to hear about programs
that are working. You talk about tax dollars being cut from pro-
grams. I would like to hear from some of the representatives of
these programs who have come to the programs and says it is
working.

I have—medical field, in all parts of the—and are living drug-
free successful lives.

I wonder your feeling about having some kind of forum for men
and women who have come off of drugs, and hearing from them on
what has worked for them.

Mr. ZELIFF. Sure. I’ll be happy to meet with you and whomever
you would like me to meet with at a time that we could work out.
that would be mutually agreeable.

To be honest with you, I have spent a day at Framingham Prison
for women in talking to people who are behind bars, for example,
to understand—better understand—these are people who are in for
the seventh or eighth time—major addiction problems. Finally hit
the bottom. Going back to things that happened to them when they
were 8 or 9 or 10 years old.

We've Gone into treatment centers. We would be happy to sit
down with you. It is just the matter of trying to schedule it. And
anybody you would like to be there. We obviously are very inter-
este

Thank you very much.

No. 18.

[No response.)

Mr. ZELIFF. OK. No. 9.

{No response.]

Mr. ZELIFF. No. 10.

Mr. SYVERTSEN. Good afternoon, Chairman Zeliff. Thank you
very much for letting me speak here today. My name is Bill
Syvertsen. I am a father of an eighth-grader and a freshman in
high school, and also a small business owner here in Manchester.

One of the questions posed for the panel here today regarding
the root cause, and somebody said parental involvement.

I would like to beg to differ with that a little bit. This is tough,
but I’m going to say it. I believe everyone in this room is a creature
of habit. We are genetically and environmentally predisposed to
habit. We develop addictions to food, exercise, drugs, including so-
cially acceptable drugs, TV, video games, gambling, the position of
power, and last but not least, money. A big subject.

In a very rare social experiment in Singapore where chewing

m in public is illegal and corporal punishment is a fact of life,

rug use is almost non-existent.

At the other end of the spectrum, the natural law that exists in
the rain forest of the Amazon jungle where survival of the fittest
is a fact of life.

I believe we are closer to both ends of this spectrum than we
dare to admit. Right now in this country, there are millions of peo-

le involved in the drug business in this country, and the total

arm that it is doing to everybody is staggering.

The question I have to your panel is that are you looking at or
into the harm-reduction programs that are going on in England
and Denmark?


63

JUVENILE DRUG ARRESTS
1993-1994

1993
1 1994

POSS-NARC  POSS-CONT SALE-NARC SALE-CONT

OFFENSE 1993 1994
POSS NARCOTIC DRUG 22 27
POSS CONTROLLED DRUG 37 38
SALE OF NARCOTIC DRUG . 16 42

SALE OF CONTROLLED DRUG 6 4


20

‘The MOP curriculum is an intensive 7-day and night residential program focusing on
alcohol and drug education, group interaction and self-assessment. Al! clients are evaluated by
the end of the program and any aftercare recommendations must be followed before license

restoration. One evening is set aside for family education and discussion. The fee paid by each
client is $675.

New Hamp Concems Relative to SAMHSA Reauthorization -

There are two issues relative to SAMHSA Reauthorization which are of great concer to
us in New Hampshire:

1. The Senate's proposed reduction in Block Grant dollars to fund Demonstration Grants; and
2. The proposed Performance Partnerships.

States like New Hampshire take a fiscally conservative approach in allocating Block
Grant dollars. New Hampshire could contract to continue the funding of worthwhile
Demonstration Programs out of our Block Grant dollars at a much lower cost than the federal
government is currently allowing. The groundwork would be laid for the State to continue these
programs once any Demonstration Grants are completely deleted. We urge the Senate to
reconsider this proposed reduction and to instead allow us to evaluate and fund those
Demonstration Projects which are meeting needs in our State.

‘The concept of Performance Partnership Grants (PPGs) is very new and different, and as
yet untested; and many States do not yet have the data systems capabilities necessary to
implement PPGs. Rather than immediately enacting PPGs, there should be a provision made for
a cost impact study to determine the projected cost the State of implementing the PPGs.

In addition to the PPGs, the Federal Government is imposing certain core objectives
which may or may not be appropriate for New Hampshire or for any other State. These core
objectives should be eliminated.

Federal legislative language is also mandating the establishment of Planning Councils,
cumbersome additional and unnecessary layers of bureaucracy which in our State would also
either negate or duplicate the efforts of our legislatively authorized Alcohol and Drug Advisory
Commission. The Planning Councils create duplication of effort, can be seen as an unfunded
mandate, and will eat up dollars which are needed for essential treatment slots.


37

One of the great frustrations is that we’ve had a drug war, so-
called now, for a number of years. Almost a decade or more. I think
we did make some progress in the early years, and we did see some
falling off of drug use amongst young people. The statistics show
that.

I wanted to ask all of you to comment on why you think—it is
art of the question that my colleague from Florida asked, but a
ittle different. Why did we show progress? Why did the drug usage

amongst young people go down, and now we see it spike up dra-
matically as it was recently reported in terms of marijuana use?
This is very frustrating.

Because with all of the programs, interdiction efforts, education,
D.A.R.E., we are losing some ground in recent years. Why were we
successful earlier, and why is it spiking up right now? Why don’t
we start at this end and go the other way.

Mr. Your. Sir, I think it is a lack of attention to the problem
today. I think attention in the media transfers to attention in the
public.

Back in the 1980's, I was a street agent in Miami. Back then, as
many of you know, there were bodies floating in every canal. There
were shoot-outs on every street corner. It gained national and
international attention, You had governments from around the
country that were coming to Miami to observe what the problem
was so they could take steps in order to prevent it in their county,
specifically England and Spain.

Now England and Spain are inundated with cocaine trafficking,
and they have problems of their own. Whatever steps they were
going to take, they didn’t take quick enough.

But we've lost the public eye. I think with a few exceptions, the
national media has turned their back on the problem. It is not sexy
enough. It is not selling newspapers. It is not good for the story.

And then when we have some national attention, we have some
pieces that are put on the news/entertainment sections on legaliza-
tions, and why legalization is an option.

I think that sends the wrong message. I am in enforcement. I am
not in rehabilitation, but I’ve talked to the parents and I’ve talked
to the civic groups. We have to educate along with enforcement. It
has to be equal. We have to have the education starting with the
children, but we must bring the attention back to the center stage.

Thank you.

Mr. BLUTE. Thank you.

Mr. Scott.

Mr. Scorr. I can mirror just about everything that Mr. Yout
said. I can tell you this from personal experience. There are many
reasons for this, and I guess one of them is public opinion, certain
public opinions on the drug use itself, and whether to legalize it or
not.

The other thing that we have seen in law enforcement, and I
know that DEA has seen this and other people in enforcement here
in New Hampshire, but after having been involved in this work for
the 10 or 13 years that I have been involved in it, we are now ar-
resting the offspring of the parents we arrested 10 or 15 years ago.

It falls back onto what this whole panel has been talking about.
We can spend all the money on enforcement, spend all the money


157

Maybe we can take a walk some night. I would like to keep in
touch.

Mr. SoupDER. They don’t have any moose on the streets.

Mr. ZELIFF. No moose on the street? Actually, they do, Mark. It
ended up being that it was a moose loose in Manchester, and it
wasn’t Newt Gringrich. It was loose.

I would like to ask Mark Souder from Fort Wayne, IN if you
have any final comments.

Mr. SoupER. I really appreciate the opportunity to be here and
to hear your variation of the problems and to get the balanced per-
spective of all the different parts of the war. I remain less optimis-
tic that we'll win, but we can contain it, at least, to a degree, be-
cause I don’t know if all evil can be eliminated, but we can cer-
tainly make it so that those who want to escape it have the oppor-
tunity to escape it.

I thought your statements were very moving about the need to
have all individuals get involved, because weve abandoned that
commitment. A lot of it is the responsibility of the Federal Govern-
ment having seemingly stepped in.

The Federal Government will always be there. We have certain
roles. We can be in a supplemental role, but the primary front lines
has to be, like it has been here in Manchester, in the individual
home starting with the parents moving to the neighbors and the
communities and the churches and the local governments, and I
applaud that.

T take time again to applaud our chairman’s effort who is a New
Hampshire Bulldog on this issue, who is not letting go, doesn’t—
he always hopes that there will be coverage in Washington, but the
bottom line is he doesn’t really care. He is going to plunge ahead
anyway and keep at this issue and sooner or later, I think, others
will come around because there is no doubt that one of the prob-
lems in politics is that whatever is the latest fad trend, whatever
is on the national TV specials, all the politicians run to that.

We like to say we've solved the welfare crisis, we've solved the
drug crisis, we’ve solved this, and the problem is if we don’t have—
as one lady in Newark told me—a constant drum beat the problem
just arises again.

And I want to thank the chairman for helping beat the drum on
a regular basis.

Mr. ZELIFF. Thank you very much. [Applause.]

This concludes our hearing today. We thank you all for being
here. We thank you for your patience and attendance.

(Whereupon, at 4:20 p.m., the hearing was concluded.]

oO


57

Massachusetts in search of greener criminal fields. Inner city
motorists and pedestrians can travel freely without the fear of
being harassed or of having their children exposed to criminal
acts. And the good people of Manchester need no longer harbor a
present sense of being trapped and besieged.

This is not to say, of course, that the problems of drugs
and violence have been eliminated. Operation Streetsweeper, or
at the very least ite spirit, must be continued with vigilance
and continued dedication if Manchester is not to return to the
path it was on. But for the moment, that path has been altered.
Much of the credit for this and for the other changes described
above may be attributed to Operation Streetsweeper, to the
support and assistance of the City’s Mayor, its board of
Aldermen, and the people of Manchester, and, most of all, to the
diligent efforts of the men and women from law enforcement who

participated in it. '

Lona

Peter R. Favreau
chief of Police

1 See attached material for detailed statistics.

10


23

Although these valuable programs appear to be in jeopardy, we
are not remaining idle. Also in your package, I have included an
item called Sullivan Academy. It is an innovative program that was
recently started in one of our counties. We hope to expand that na-
tionwide.

I see my time is up, so I will close with that and answer ques-
tions.

(NoTE.—The information referred to above can be found in sub-
committee files.]

{The prepared statement of Mr. Brodeur follows:]


144

with a former State senator who was the Republican leader in the
senate when I was there. There are friendships still to be kept.

Mr. ZELIFF. I want to thank you for your hard work on my A to
Z. Last year Karen helped me tremendously on the other side of
the aisle for A to Z. We came very close to winning that battle. We
ended up with 204 and we needed 218, but I thank you very much.

I hope you enjoy the foliage your 1 day in New Hampshire.

Mrs. THURMAN. Thanks for having me. {Applause.]

Mr. ZELIFF. No. 14.

Ms. Cox. Thank you. I just first want to thank you again, as Otto
did—a couple of brief remarks.

First of all, I think your graphs show one little problem. When
interdiction is cut, when risk is perceived as minimal, and when
the—proliferating the kinds of things they are, that’s when we're
in trouble, and that’s one of the problems right now.

I had an opportunity to visit Connecticut. The—needle handouts.
It is a war zone. I would encourage anyone who thinks that is a

ood idea, don’t go to the police chief—we got $10,000 to do what

e is doing—go into neighborhoods, see the burnt out buildings.
The sneakers over the telephone line means you can buy your
drugs here. Barriers across the street. That is what needles have
been doing.

Aside from that, my three questions, I’m very concerned when I
hear they want to cut Government, and I hope that will not in-
clude—will include important things like the FDA, the DEA or the
CIA? I want those to be first.

Mr. ZELIFF. I will answer my version of that, and then I will let
Mark do his.

I believe the DEA is doing an excellent job. I would like to keep
them where they are, and I would like to keep them separate. Did
you say CIA?

Ms. Cox. Yes.

Mr. ZELIFF. The CIA, I believe that as we do major cutbacks in
Defense, it is very smart for us to make sure that we have a strong
intelligence agency that can alert us to things that may be down
the road, but not too far down the road. Just so we have some ad-
vance warning.

T believe that we need to invest in technology to accomplish that
goal.

Your third one was FDA?

Ms. Cox. Yes.

Mr. ZELIFF. FDA, the only thing that I would like to see the FDA
do is streamline the process so that we don’t take as long some-
times to get some of these miracle drugs out, which really adds to
the cost of the whole process.

We don’t want premature products on the market, but I believe
that the bureaucracy of the FDA could be much streamlined, and
I would encourage them to do that. That’s my version.

Mr. Souder.

Mr. SOUDER. We absolutely need a strong CIA or we, because
we're not out of the woods as far as international terrorism—Rus-
sia could go back communist any time, China is still there and
growing in power. However, it is not helped when you hide a billion


90

Mr. ZELIFF. Thank you very much, Captain Mitchell.

Mr. Plourde.

Mr. PLourDE. Thank you. My name is Mike Plourde. I’m the ex-
ecutive director of the Nashua Youth Council. The Nashua Youth
Council has been serving youth and their families in the greater
Nashua area since 1974.

We originally started on a very small grant from the Office of Al-
cohol and Drug Abuse Prevention in our early beginnings as a
drop-in center giving kids something to do in after-school hours.

In addition to the testimony I am going to give, I've attached a
couple of documents, one of which you may tread have at your
disposal, the preliminary risk survey that was done by CDC, March
1993 results.

The latest update, March 1995, are not available to us in the
State yet. My understanding is it will be here in about 3 weeks.

The second is what is called the Pride Survey. That was done in
the Nashua School District last spring, and those results are also
attached.

Our agency has worked in the area of prevention, intervention
and treatment from its very beginning. From the start as a drop-
im center, our agency has understood that the use of alcohol and
other drugs is rooted in our youth and in their everyday activities.

It fills the void when youngsters have something that is missing
in their lives. Prevention activities I believe need to address these
voids.

Community coalitions play a very important part in assessing
the communities and the services that are needed.

I need to say that I attended a national conference on commu-
nities partnership grantees about a year and a half ago where they
talked about the hundreds of thousands of dollars that were given
to communities to formulate coalitions, and the hundreds of thou-
sands of dollars that were paid to universities to assess the success
of these coalitions.

It really turned my stomach to see that they were printing pen-
cils with “Just Say No” written on them, and putting patches on
Little League uniforms and soccer uniforms. That was their big ef-
ort.

When we are trying to work with kids that are really high risk,
J think they need to be reexamining the priorities, let’s say.

So you should know that going in, that is my view.

Rather than funding community coalitions, it is my sense that
any Federal money that comes down to localities should require
that those coalitions exist prior to the money being received, and
that those coalitions assess the community needs prior to the
money being distributed to those communities.

The cornerstone of prevention, as Dana said, is young people.
They are without question our greatest tool. Youngsters who grow
up in this day and age are growing up in a world that is changing
with rapid speed, not only technologically, but also in terms of the
family fabric. Many times, the demand is that the parents main-
tain employment, and that for many employment has to be their
first priority out of necessity. They have no choice.

The concepts of extended family are no longer with us, and there-
fore the community has to recreate itself into neighborhoods and



44

were necessary to try to make it work, and they came here. And
with a success ratio of 90 percent, that’s good enough for me. I real-
ly appreciate that.

They’ve been here ever since. We made a commitment to them
when they first came, and they are using us as a model on how
to establish public/private partnerships because we brought in the
financial institutions, the citizens, the business community and the
public and private sectors. It definitely works. There is no question
about it.

After we started getting things done about the boarded up build-
ings by either renovating them or knocking them down and putting
up brand new buildings, teaching them something about home
ownership and how to become a fandlord, to give them a decent
place to live, we found that all of a sudden we've got this influx
of drug dealers that were beginning to come here.

And the reason they come here is because, somebody said it in
an earlier panel, of money. If you get $20 for something in Man-
chester and only $10 in another area, you are going to be here in
Manchester.

Certainly we didn’t want to have the drug dealers take over the
city of Manchester.

In meeting with the police chief, discussing the problems that we
were having here, I want you to note for the record that 1 am so
very, very pleased with our Police Chief Peter Favreau because he
has “ust done an outstanding job and is a real professional.

Peter has really put together a program that he has worked with
U.S. Attorney Gagnon, and we're very pleased with the cooperation
we have received at every level of Government.

A tremendous amount of progress has been made in trying to
bring together all of the resources, because—I think one of the
problems that I see is that it is not possible to go this alone. What
you really need to do is use all of the resources at your disposal
to try and make these things work.

Here in the city of Manchester 1 am very pleased that we have
been able to make this work.

The mayor’s role in a situation like this, of course, is to be sen-
sitive to it. You know the things that are happening. To work with
the professionals who know how to treat the problems that you
have here, and to make sure that you are going to provide the nec-
essary dollars to see that these things are going to happen.

It isn’t always easy. Our community, just as other communities,
as the State, and as the Nation is facing, we all face the very same
financial problem, which means that we have to be as resourceful
as we possibly can, we have to be able to prioritize the various
things that we have to deal with, and I know that you are under
pressure as I am to try to provide everything that everybody wants.
But we really have to separate the wants from the needs. That is
going to be absolutely critical.

Here, we talk about crime. We certainly don’t want to have the
drug dealers takeover any community, and certainly in the city of
Manchester we don’t want to have that happen.

I am very pleased with the results that we obtained so far. We’ve
got all of the organizations working together, but one of the very


85

It is my great fortune to be responsible for the supervision of a comprehensive
community based drug abuse prevention program that we have developed in
Dover. We call this effort the Drug-Free Dover Program. Its key features
include:

.

An Expansive DARE Curriculum, which includes not just the 17 session
core program taught in the fifth grade, but also includes the early

elementary curriculum, the junior high curriculum and the high school
curriculum. As a result, instead of a single effort at classroom prevention
training in one grade, the students in this community receive a structured,
integrated program of training that begins in first grade and proceeds
every other year until the ninth grade (five years of training). We would
strongly encourage federal funding to be structured to permit and
encourage the use of all of the DARE curriculums that are available. In
my experience, the majority of communities use only the Core Program.

A Gateway Drug Program that attempts to interrupt the normal
progression of substance abuse from alcohol and tobacco to marijuana
and other drugs. Research has clearly established a correlation between
tobacco use and the later use of marijuana and other drugs. We feel this
is due to the fact that attitudes, habits and patterns towards the use of
substances is established in the early school years. We do not feel we
can make a significant impact in the marijuana problem among teens if we
have lost the battle on tobacco at 12 years old.

A Youth Athletic Program where the Police Department sponsors local
athletic events and activities or assists established local youth athletic
Programs. Often times police officers coach teams that are sponsored by
the department. This feature of the Drug Free Dover Program is designed


62

ADULT DRUG ARRESTS
1993-1994

POSS-NARC POSS-CONT SALE-NARC SALE-CONT POSS-HYP

OFFENSE 1993 1994
POSS NARCOTIC DRUG 298 175
POSS CONTROLLED DRUG 156 129
SALE OF NARCOTIC DRUG 258 222
SALE OF CONTROLLED DRUG 13 10

POSS OF HYPODERMIC NEEDLE 5 3



86

to promote alternatives to drug use that are healthy, develop self-esteem,
and occupy the potentially idle hours of our young people.

+ A Drug Free ID Program where junior high school aged students can
receive a laminated tamper proof photo ID if they sign a pledge to remain
alcohol, tobacco and drug free for three years. The ID is honored at local
businesses for discounts and other opportunities. The intent of the Drug
Free Dover Program is to raise the profile of youths who are not drug
users and counter the impression that “everyone is using drugs”. This is
an incorrect but dangerous misperception that many young people
develop. This misperception can easily be factored into the drug use
decision making process of young people, since perceived peer
expectations is a major factor in that decision making.

* A Youth Peer Outreach Program that we call “Youth to Youth”. Youth to
Youth is actually a national program based in Columbus, Ohio. Our peer
outreach component is a vital part of our overall program. It is also
designed to increase the profile of non-drug use. Beyond that, Youth to
Youth is designed to send a message to students that they can be part of
the solution. Youth to Youth members act as role models for younger
students, plan programs that are aimed at influencing their peers ina
positive direction, and generally try to promote drug free attitudes within
the community.

The Youth Peer Outreach Program is without a doubt the portion of the program
that has surprised us the most. The enthusiasm and level of willingness of
students to become involved in preventing drug use by other students is nothing
short of amazing. The youth in our nation’s communities is probably the most
underutilized resource we have. Either negatively or positively, only other
-students can apply peer pressure. DARE Officers, parents, and the community


121

the adult dealers know if they get the kids involved and the kids
get caught there is not a lot that can happen to those children.

In 1993, the first part of 1994, I was involved in the street crime
unit, which was like a Vice Operation, and we did a lot of street
level drug buys.

The vast majority of people that we were arresting were, in fact,
juveniles. Probably the biggest percentage weren't from our city. A
good percentage of them turned out to be from Massachusetts or
gave Pawrence addresses.

We're talking 13 and 14 year-old kids. And when we called their
parents, their parents literally had no idea where their child was
at 3 a.m. Not only were they not down the street, they were at the
next State over. Xo there is a big problem there, and. I don’t have
the one answer to solve that, but it is definitely something that has
to be looked at.

Mr. Mica. Thank you. I yield back.

Mr. ZELIFF. Mr. Souder.

Mr. SoupbeEr. I had a number of questions I wanted to ask Cap-
tain Mitchell before my general questions.

One the I.D. Program, was that just for junior high or for high
school? You said 3 years. Is that 7 through 9 or 10 through 12?

Mr. MITCHELL. That program is designed for junior high school:
sixth, seventh and eighth grade. Basically, the student signs a
pledge to remain alcohol, tobacco and drug free for the 3 years.
They receive a laminated tamper-proof I.D. That is used in local
business for discounts.

Mr. SouDER. What percentage of the kids participate in that pro-
gram?

Mr. MITCHELL. It is more than 80 percent.

Mr, SoupDER. Any problems with people who sign the pledge and
gone back?

Mr. MITCHELL. A handful. The I.D. itself is the property of the
police department and it is understood that a parent, a police offi-
cer or teacher can take it away. We have had cases where we've
had four or five students get into trouble, and the I.D. was, in fact,
removed.

Mr. Souper. Why did you focus on junior high as opposed to high
school?

Mr. MITCHELL. That is—in our own strategy, we feel that we
need to deal with the junior high element. That is where the early
decisionmaking is made on drug abuse, tobacco, alcohol and other
drugs. That is where the perceptions of a student are a real prob-

lem.

The intent of this program is to raise the profile of non-drug
users, because the perceptions of what is the expected behavior out
there greatly influences a student’s drug-taking decisionmaking
process.

The problem is kids consistently overestimate the prevalence of
drug use among their peers, and the fact of—incorporate that fact
into their decisionmaking. We want to combat that.

Mr. SoupeR. As they do with teenage sexual activity as well.

Mr. MITCHELL. As well.

Mr. SoupDER. On tobacco use, since it is already illegal for minors
to use tobacco, has your department or Sergeant Tracy’s ever done


124

Mr. ZELIFF. If they’re at a point where they’re in serious trouble?

Mr. PLourRDE. In terms of boot camps, I am a big believer in ad-
venture-based outward bound type of activities, so that could be
one of them,

I think as one event, it would be helpful in the moment, but their
needs to be something that takes it beyond that.

Mr. ZELiFF. And the Outward Bound basically would teach the
same kind of skill training? You pick it up from there? Basically
life skills, survival skills, success skills?

Mr. PLourbE. But also the self-discipline you might get in boot
camp out of necessity, it is good for the moment and it is good in
the situation, but you need to help them take that and bring it
back into real life. Kind of like what a parole officer would do to
somebody who is in a boot camp here in the State, an adult. You’ve
got to help them take what they’ve learned and bring it back into
the communities and put it into work.

Mr. ZELIFF. Mr. Ahman.

Mr. AHMAN. I agree with Mike as far as the license goes. There
are some kids that it will work for, and some kids that it just
wouldn’t matter.

As far as the boot camp, I also agree with Mike as far as having
some kind of Outward Bound course experiential initiatives.

At the adolescent program in Dublin we take it a step further
and include the families for a weekend, because what we do, not
necessarily in a boot camp, but in the adventure based therapy, the
client is always the identified problem, but what we really see is
the system’s problem. It is the family, the family system.

What we’ve discovered by using an Outward Bound type program
is that the families get to see how they communicate, how they
work together, don’t work together, and you have something right
there that you can work with, and it is a great therapeutic tool.
You can’t beat it.

Mr. Tracy. I think the drivers license is a great idea. I often
thought that kids that drop out of school ought to have their li-
cense taken away also, just as a possible incentive to keep some of
those kids in school to get a high school education.

As far as the boot camp goes, again, another good idea as long
as it is taken to the full advantage. It is not just a 1-weekend thing
and the kid has forgotten about it after that. That each child is
looked at individually and they’re given the amount of time that is
needed to correct the problem.

Mr. ZeLiFF. Thank you very much.

Mrs. Thurman, any additional questions?

Mrs. THURMAN. I wanted Sergeant Tracy to have an opportunity
to answer Mr. Souder’s question because it looked like he wanted
to jump up there on the issue of D.A.R.E. and fifth graders.

Mr. Tracy. I was going to say basically the same thing Captain
Mitchell did. That the reason for the sixth grade in Manchester is
to get them before they go to junior high where there is potential
for them running into a social event where they’re going to come
in contact with some type of drug.

As I stated earlier, unfortunately, at sixth grade for a lot of our
kids, they’ve already had that sccial contact.


31

Mr. Howarp. I'd be delighted to try and answer that question.
Congressman, I do not have the level of experience that Paul
Brodeur has, or Neal Scott, or Billy Yout for that matter, but I
have been a prosecutor for 15 years, and in fact was in the attorne'

eneral’s office 10 years ago when then-Attorney General Merrill
Srrected that the New Hampshire Drug Task Force be established.

I and several people in this room implemented that directive.
Subsequent to that I did become the U.S. attorney for New Hamp-
shire, and actually spent a year supervising the National Asset for-
feiture program in Washington.

I would say it was approximately early 1991 that we detected a
significant change in the method of drug distribution in the State.
Prior to that, we had identified a number of distribution networks,
and we simply took them off one at a time, and incarcerated those
people for long periods of time.

At that point in 1991, Deputy Chief Brodeur brought to my at-
tention that a number of transient low-level drug dealers were
moving into the city of Manchester.

We started at the time Operation House Call, is what we called
it, which was essentially a joint local, State and Federal, effort to
do knock and talks around the city. In the course of a year they
arrested 300 people. That was unheard of before that point in time.
You could identify the drug ring, it was a small number of people,
you could bring a conspiracy charge against them and eliminate
them, but the vacuum that we created was filled by this other situ-
ation. I would say that was 1991, and it continues to be the same
problem.

What they have brought along with the prostitution and the
other types of crime is that it has really unraveled the threads of
the seams of a neighborhood and a community. You are going to
be delighted, I think, to hear how Manchester decided to turn that
around through the efforts of everyone, and empowering the neigh-
borhood to take back their streets.

Since you've asked the question, if I could just add to that. Two
of my observations have been that although New Hampshire is at-
tractive because there is a lot of money here—we are a consumer
State—we have been perceived by people around us as a fortress
against the drug problem, and we're still perceived that way. We
intend to keep it that way.

Director Sylvester mentioned the D.A.R.E. Program and how we
support that program. We wish there was a more effective preven-
tion education program for children out there. We don’t know of
one, so we have put our eggs into that basket. While the D.A.R.E.
Program has been criticized in other places, I know, because I go
and I speak to those D.A.R.E. graduation classes of fifth and sixth
graders, that it is very effective here.

I really shudder to think what would be the case if we didn’t
have that program. We just need to listen to one 10 year-old say,
“You know, my brother said that you came and spoke here 3 years
ago, and he taught me all about the evils of drugs, and we love Of-
ficer Friendly.”

When you hear those stories you get the impression that maybe
the next generation is going to be a lot smarter than we’ve been.


156

ment inserted with our increased law enforcement effort. With that
three-pronged approach, I’m sure we're going to win. We don’t need
to legalize. That’s for sure. There are so many individuals in the
recovering community that have been helped on all levels—I think
part of the problem, we change with experience. Over the years the
Government has taken over so much, so much, so much, that all
of a sudden the average American forgets what it is to—and I
think it is time to get back to that approach.

Mr. ZELIFF. Thank you.

Mayor.

Mr. WIECZOREK. Geraldine covered everything so well. All I have
to say is I agree. Certainly it isn’t going to easy. There’s no
question about that, but if you’re going to pursue any goal, it is
never easy to get there. But it is a worthwhile goal.

I think it is worth the effort that we all have to make to try to
work with the future generations that are going to be coming along
because drugs are a real scourge to this country and this world. We
are going to have to do everything we can to put all of these things
together.

We had groups here that covered the entire waterfront. We've got
all the diversity here at this hearing here today. It was certainly
very enlightening to me as I know it was for your panel.

I want to express my thanks on behalf of the city of Manchester
for you, Congressman, bringing the congressional panel here to
Manchester to hear about some of the things that we're doing, and
plus to learn about some of the other problems that are still there

ecause we know that we certainly don’t have all the answers yet,
but we know that we just have to persevere because the goal is
worthwhile.

Mr. ZELIFF. Thank you very much, Mr. Mayor.

Chief, the final word.

Mr. FAVREAU, It was a very enlightening day, Congressman. I
appreciate you coming here with your panel and giving us an op-
portunity to listen to what the people feel.

We certainly feel that the program that we’ve initiated is doing
a lot of good, but I still think of what has to be done for the drug
problem to be solved.

We feel that we have a few more on our team now, and through
our community policing efforts, which we really didn’t have much
of an opportunity to speak about as I would have liked, I think it
will keep the enthusiasm alive.

Once our substations—two of them that we have now are really
in operation—another on the West Side and the South end of the
city, I think there will be more contact with the community that
we serve.

We want them to know that we are open to their suggestions and
to their visits, and to their problems. Thank you very much.

Mr. ZeuirF, Thank you very much, and thank you for your lead-
ership.

We were talking at lunch about how you and your wife take a
walk once in a while through the neighborhoods and through the
drug zones now that you can do that just to check and make sure
that we're free and clear and we’ve taken back our neighborhoods.


7

The illegal drug trafficking problem in this State is, frankly, not
at the same level that it is in many of our other States. However,
we do have the same types of problems, and we are very concerned
about those problems.

In fact, the usage among high school students in New Hampshire
has lagged behind the other States. Where other States started an
up trend, New Hampshire was still in a down trend, but we’ve now
joined them.

The same is true with the presence of crack cocaine. When I was
a US. attorney I spent 3 years on a monthly basis asking the local
DEA, “Has crack cocaine appeared in New Hampshire yet?” The
answer was no, no, no, well, it’s here now and it is here in a big
way.

Ten years ago we identified our most significant drug problems
as being cocaine first and marijuana second. At that time, in both
cocaine and marijuana distribution what we identified was a num-
ber of organized trafficking networks with local kingpins who re-
ported up through the chain out of State and out of country.

That has changed. Now our most significant cocaine problem is
one of very low-level dealers, usually coming in from out of State
and appearing on the streets of Manchester, Nashua, Portsmouth
and other cities.

It is an entirely different method of distribution, and our strate-
gies have had to change. We have now not only problems with co-
caine and marijuana, but heroin use is on the rise, and we have
a great deal of concern about LSD as well.

Our efforts over the last 10 years have been characterized by co-
operation between local, State and Federal law enforcement. Yes,
we do have our problems, we do have our turnstiles, but I think
we have been eminently successful, both in a formal way, for exam-
ple, the creation of the New Hampshire Drug Task Force, and in
an informal way. We have cross-designated a number of prosecu-
tors who assist the Federal prosecutors in trying the larger cases.

What we have tried to do is keep pressure on all areas and levels
of the problem, going from what we have identified as kingpins to
mid-level dealers to street dealers, and putting as much of the re-
sources as we can into treatment programs to include treatment of
State prisoners, and prevention particularly through educational
efforts.

With respect to the change in the nature of drug trafficking in
the State and the change in our own strategy, we have to do a sub-
sequent panel because the Manchester experience is really the best
example of that.

Let me just say that the attorney general’s office has participated
directly in all of those efforts over the last 10 years. We have pro-
vided undercover agents for Operation Streetsweeper. We also re-
cently gave a very substantial grant to the New Hampshire State
Police for a joint effort between the Manchester Police and the New
Hampshire State Police in terms of getting a greater uniformed
presence in the community.

Those grant funds come directly from the Byrne Grants. That is
how we have funded the drug effort in New Hampshire. That is
how we funded the New Hampshire Drug Task Force.


139

Mrs. THURMAN. I was just shaking my head. That’s $500 propor-
tionately. Let’s—everybody does not get $500, but, hey, it doesn’t
matter.

Mr. ZeLirF. And I guess that the philosophical point here is if it’s
better off in the hands of families, or is it better off in the hands
of the bureaucracy? If you want to downsize Government, then we
think it is time to get the money out of Washington and back to
New Hampshire.

The second piece of that is a 14 percent cut on capital gains. You
may look at capital gains as a reward for the rich. Frankly, I know
a lot of small business people who need capital gains treatment be-
cause it can provide jobs, invest in the future, and expand their op-
erations, and it provides capital. We can argue that all day.

But on the one side while we’re cutting back, we need something
to expand the economy. It is our sincere belief that that will hap-

en.

, Ms. ARMSTRONG. I would like to say something also. I do under-
stand the numbers. I do understand at the grassroots level where
most of us are. This is not a situation that has occurred in the last
2 or 3 years. This is a situation that has been building for the last
25 years.

I would certainly encourage each of you to take time to think
about what you are cutting. There are a magnitude of wonderful
programs out there that are doing exactly what they’re supposed
to do

Mr. ZELIFF. We thank you for your advice and appreciate your
concern. We certainly are concerned. We think that the job that is
before us is probably the most important single thing we can do for
our country, so thank you for your advice.

Mrs. THURMAN. Can I say something—I know you don’t want to
hear this.

Mr. ZELIFF. We invited all your guys to come. You are the only
one who showed up. Go ahead.

Mrs. THURMAN. I would like to say that I want to agree on this
family stuff. We are also cutting the income tax credit. For those
various same people’s homes that we went to see today who have
an opportunity to potentially go into a house and have a mortgage
and feel even more responsible for their community, veteran—
earned income tax credit, and that is for working families. That’s
not for people on welfare, that is for people who are not putting in
40 hours.

As far as the tax credit for children, be careful. That $500 sounds
real good, except it is not $500 for every child. It is based on an
income. If you are making $17,000, you might get $93 per child,
but if you are up in the higher, you get the $500.

So let’s be careful of our facts here, and let’s make sure we have
all of them and an understanding.

Mr. ZELIFF. I am not going to get partisan and argue any further.
I have a different opinion, however.

‘0. 2.

Ms. PHILBERT. Thank you. My name is Kathy Philbert. I reside
at 176 Laurel Street. I have lived in the center city for 40 some-
thing years. I refuse to be more specific. [Laughter.]


147

Mr. ZELIFF. Harm reduction programs in England and Denmark?

Mr. SYVERSTEN. Yes.

Mr. ZELIFF. Do you have information that you would like to in-
sert for the record?

Mr. SYVERSTEN. No, but I am willing to look into them.

Mr. ZELIFF. We will be happy to do that too. Mark, are you inti-
mately involved or aware?

Mr. SOUDER. No.

Mr. ZELIFF, I guess we will have to just say that we will look into
it. England and Denmark.

I would like to make mention of Singapore. Our Aunt Jen, she
is 86 years-old. She travels all over the world and she has travelled
to Singapore. It is probably the one city in the country that she
feels is pretty safe.

I guess—wasn’t that where we had the caning experience? Maybe
caning isn’t for everybody, but a; ain— laughter]

It does say something about discipline. 1 just mentioned that as
a response. You brought it up. We will be happy to look into both
England and Denmark and try to get as much information as we
can to insert it into the record.

Mr. SoupeR. I think it is a—I can’t remember if his last name
is Ferrington or Herrington. He's done genetic studies in England
and is the No. 1 researcher there that may have led to some of this
kind of program.

One of the things in one juvenile justice series of seminars that
he was participating in, as he presented that data, the thing that
jumps out when you look at predispositions, whether it is—they
can trace it down to left-handedness and other things—is that if
you take somebody who comes through where both parents have
not graduated from high school, both parents are drug abusers,
both parents have been involved and arrested in criminal activity,
you take every condition, below average intelligence, add all the
things together, there is still a one-third chance that that, child will
be involved in the juvenile justice system.

In other words, sometimes by looking at only the worst cases, we
make sweeping assumptions about categories, and the danger of
anytime you get into genetic or even environmental suppositions is
that it is still a minority of the people in those conditions or cat-
egories that are involved in illegal activities.

You have to be very careful when you get into that whole subject
category.

Mr. ZELIFF. Thank you very much.

No. 10?

[No response.}

Mr. ZELIFF. OK. No. 16?

Mr. DEVERE. My name is Steven DeVere, and Senator Shelia
Roberge was here to give you an idea of what you should be doing.
She had to leave, and she asked me to read this.

About 3 years ago I went to Senator Roberge though and toid her
that through Court Line I found that—is in New Hampshire, and
all around the country they were moving to New Hampshire. They
were wanted on the national crime information computer as want-
ed felons. And they’re going up to the Department of Safety and
getting drivers licenses, registrations and non-drivers IDs.


153

their children were going to go through as a result of the divorce
and separation of their parents.

When that bill was introduced in the legislature, it passed the
House 300 to 58. The advocates said, wow, this is New Hampshire?
Tavasion of privacy of the family, and this bill is going to pass? It

lid pass.

e Chief Justice of the Superior Court, Judge Nettle, had the
responsibility to implement the program in two counties as a pilot.
It was implemented in Carroll and Strafford County, with the law
saying that April 1, 1995 the program would have to go statewide.

The person who was contracted to implement the program by the
court, the Drug and Mental Health Association, Stan Marston, had
indicated publicly in his 25 years of the mental health field that
he has never come across a program that has such a tremendous
positive effect on the parents of these children that were divorcing.

We know psychologically divorce and separation has a tremen-
dous negative impact on children’s lives. The court system tells you
that, the prison population tells you that.

You've heard the phrase “Home Sweet Home.” I think we ought
to add a question mark there. Our homes, our families are under
stress. They’re in a crisis situation. Parents have lost the ability to
parent effectively. I have had parents, after attending these class-
es, come up to me in tears and say how they, for the first time,
learn positive parenting skills that they were able to go home and
positively implement and see immediate results.

Parents need help. The divorce rate is 53 percent. Almost 98 per-
cent of the mothers have custody of the children; 60 percent of
them—into poverty.

We know that the juvenile pregnancy rate, out of wedlock, we
know the damaging effects upon a female child where the father
is absent. We know how that child is easily subjected to the first
male to approach and express “I love you.” The teenage girl takes—
the boy takes it between his legs.

So we know that the absence of fathers has significant impact on
the development of these young girls that is resulting in this teen-
age pregnancy that we have.

In closing, watch the New Hampshire Child Impact Program. It
has Chief Justice Nadeau of the Superior Court. He gave his report
to the legislature January 15 of this current year. The legislature
this year expanded the program. We had to wait until July of next
year for it to be expanded in Rockingham and Grafton Counties. So
we will have four counties in it.

Eighty-nine percent of the parents that go through the program
said we have learned tremendous information to go home and to
be better parents. The majority of them said, yes, it should be man-
dated statewide. The legislation now calls for 2 years. The program
will be implemented in all of New Hampshire’s counties.

We need to take a look at the family. We need to take a look at
the needs of the family. Harmony. Single parenting. Safe and de-
cent places to live. Children are lonely. Talk to the children. Talk
to the first grade teachers. Talk to child care providers. Talk to
nursery school teachers. Any one of them can tell you what child
in their classroom is at risk.


46

ical things that he was involved in in the city of Manchester. He
once was the county attorney here.

We got together and planned a kind of round-up of crack dealers,
street crack dealers on the street. The plan was to have our under-
cover people, along with the State drug task force, make a lot of
buys from these people, and make our round-up all at the same
time.

This round-up occurred in June with about 150 law enforcement
officers at 4 a.m., coming into the city of Manchester. We even uti-
lized the State Armory as the temporary booking area, and these
agents got together and rounded up all of these people very suc-
cessfully.

The plan was, between myself and the U.S. attorney, to pros-
ecute all of these people federally. The reason, of course, as you
well know, when you prosecute them federally they go to jail
quicker. The system is much faster, it is very successful.

At the present time over 50 percent of the people that we picked
up, 55 people, are now behind bars. There are very few left yet to
prosecute, and we fully expect that they will be behind bars before

long.

That was what we labeled Phase 1 of what was called Operation
Streetsweeper. We considered that very successful. It certainly
made an impact on the streets.

But we were still very concerned over the fact that the gangs
were still out there. The drug sellers were still on the streets.

I got a telephone call from Colonel Presby from the State Police.
He indicated to me that he was aware of some grant money that
he could get through Attorney General Jeff Howard, that he had
already been in touch with him. Who am I to turn down something
like that?

My arms opened up to Colonel Presby, and we made a plan to
have his troopers and my police officers join up as partners and hit
the streets.

They did so very successfully, and started to move these gangs
off the streets.

Phase III took place shortly after that with, again, Paul Gagnon
getting involved with all of the Federal agencies that we could pos-
sibly muster. They joined us in the same effort, in our gang inter-
diction efforts.

I can tell you that on one given night we had 57 law enforcement
people on the streets in addition to my regular complement, every-
where the bad guys turned there were cops. They made several ar-
rests, and these people have now left the streets.

Included, of course, in that crew of law enforcement people was
the County Sheriff's Department. We even utilized their cruisers.

I have taken walks through that neighborhood on a weekly basis
with my wife, and I have seen the difference that it has made, I
have talked to the people who lived there. Believe it or not, the
people who live there now can walk the streets with their husbands
and wives and kids without fear of being molested.

I am very pleased with it. I have made a commitment that I am
going to continue it. The mayor has stood by me since the inception
of this program, and he has promised me the resources that I


6

have put down or have put upon drug prevention and treatment
programs.

I might add here that we actually pulled New Hampshire’s dol-
lars spent here, which was about $2.5 million coming into New
Hampshire specifically, some related to drug help. So there really
is a concern out there.

It is absolutely necessary that we combine an effective interdic-
tion policy with strong prevention and treatment programs. If we
do not treat those who are falling into the deadly trap of drugs.
then the Congress, the President and the American people will all
have a terrible burden to bear.

Mr. Chairman, I will stop here so we can hear from the wit-
nesses and the audience that is here this morning. Let me thank
them for their participation, and I look forward to hearing their
testimony. Once again, thank you for inviting me here.

Mr. ZELIFF. Thank you, Mrs. Thurman. We appreciate your com-
ments.

The Chair welcomes our first panel, including Jeff Howard, attor-
ney general for New Hampshire. Thank you, Jeff, for the great
work that you are doing and thank you for being here.

Geraldine Sylvester, thank you ‘also for the great work you have
done for so many years as Director of the Office of Alcohol and
Drug Abuse Prevention.

And to Paul Brodeur, the warden of the New Hampshire Prison
and former deputy chief of the Manchester Police. Paul, thank you
for being here.

Sgt. Neal Scott, assistant commander of the Narcotics Investiga-
tion Unit, New Hampshire State Police. Neal, thank you for being
here and participating.

Billy Yout, we’ve seen you before down in Boston in some of the
meetings that we’ve had. Special Agent in charge of New Hamp-
shire Drug Enforcement Administration. Thank you for being here
as well.

If you all would please stand and raise your right hand.

itnesses sworn.]

Mr. ZELIFF. We will now turn to the best part of what we are
here for. We will start out with the attorney general, Mr. Jeff How-
a

STATEMENTS OF JEFFREY HOWARD, ATTORNEY GENERAL,
THE STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE; GERALDINE SYLVESTER,
DIRECTOR, OFFICE OF ALCOHOL AND DRUG ABUSE PRE-
VENTION; PAUL BRODEUR, COMMISSIONER, NEW HAMP-
SHIRE DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS; SGT. NEAL SCOTT,
NARCOTICS INVESTIGATION UNIT, NEW HAMPSHIRE STATE
POLICE; BILL YOUT, SPECIAL AGENT-IN-CHARGE, DRUG EN-
FORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION

Mr. Howarp. Good morning. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, Con-

essman Bass, members of the subcommittee. My name is Jeffrey
ffoward. I am the attorney general for the State of New Hamp-
shire. On behalf of Governor Merrill and the people of New Hamp-
shire, I would like to again welcome the subcommittee to New
Hampshire.


40

Mr. Howarpb. Congressman Souder, we do not have mandatory
minimums, but our incarceration rates have increased.

We made a commitment in the early 1980’s to what we called
truth in sentencing. That is, when the judge sends us a convict, we
know that the convict is going to spend the minimum that the

judge sets. They’re not going to get all this free time and early re-
lease,

That, we believe, not only caused a greater level of confidence
among the public, but it also took the bad apples off the street and
put them in jail. We do not have revolving door justice in New
Hampshire.

The problem is that we’re about to become a victim of our own
success. While we’re cited as the model State, the $30 billion in cor-
rections money that you’re now discussing in terms of a budget
matter to fund the crime bill, because New Hampshire doesn’t have
the same sentencing provisions that are identified in the crime bill,
i.e., people here do not spend 85 percent of their maximum term
in prison, they spend 100 percent of their minimum term and usu-
ally something a little beyond that, we’re out of the box in terms
of those dollars.

We're going to make additional—we are going to construct addi-
tional prison facilities. We’re going to keep our commitment.

It just sticks in my craw a little bit that we have to continue to
go it alone.

Mr. SoupER. I wanted to ask a swift and certain punishment
question as well, but I wanted to go to Ms. Sylvester for a quick
question.

We've heard a number of times about this drug question of you
see aspirin and other types ranging the whole gamut of drugs, and
that leads to a mentality.

Are you suggesting that we shouldn’t have aspirin and other
types of drugs in the society, or that there is not a difference be-
tween things that are illegal and legal? How do you suggest we
handle that kind of question, because clearly we are not going to
get rid of all the other types of drugs in society.

Ms. SYLVESTER. No, you're not. I guess what I’m talking about
is marketing ability in front of that T.V. I can remember an ad
where a kindergarten teacher—it was terrible, the room was loud,
the kids were screaming, and she had this terrible headache, and
she popped something, she took something. And all of a sudden
they were all quiet and they were coloring and she is feeling mar-
velous and wonderful.

There is a subliminal message there. And you see those kinds of
things over and over and over again. Then all of a sudden it is OK
to live in a chemical society.

I don’t know what the Federal Government can do about it, but
you asked why we got to this point, and I think that is just one
of the reasons.

Plus, the fact, as someone else mentioned, things are different.
There is no black or white. When we grew up, there certainly was:
you knew right and you knew wrong. Now, everything is grey. It
is not only a question of rehabilitating. It is a question of, in most
instances, rehabilitating people we come in contact with. We need
to get back on focus.


120

If you're looking for the silver bullet program that is going to
cure the problem, that doesn’t exist.

Mr. Mica. I’m sorry, Michael, I can’t pronounce your Jast name.

Mr. PLouRDE. That's fine.

Mr. Mica. I have been called different things to.

I wasn’t sure what you were referring to when you said we need
to work out coalitions before coming down. Could you elaborate on
that a little bit.

Mr. PLouRDE. I think what I was talking about is having com-
munities get their house in order before they get their moneys, not
as a reason to receive moneys.

Mr. Mica. All right. Let’s see. You are involved with a drug pro-

am, and from a very practical standpoint. What about if the Feds
look at—with some better measure of success.

Right now the Federal programs are a disaster. They’re not that
successful. If you took out a project in the private sector or even
in the public sector, the public sector is different because you have
unlimited resources, taxpayer pocketbook, but if we measured it on
the basis of success, do you think we could get some type of meas-
ure of success and say these programs go forward and have a
measurable success rate?

Because the problem we've got now, we've got scores of programs
and a lot of them are not successful.

Mr. AHMAN. In my statement there I mention about how do we
measure success. Traditionally, the goal that we really strive for is
abstinence, but what we found is, again, when people leave treat-
ment, the biggest outcome of treatment, actually, is relapse or at
least a Perio of relapse after they go to treatment, short and usu-
ally brief.

But what we found is if we measure their achievements after
they leave treatment, about whether, if they are kids, they get back
in school, they get reunited with their family, so we can measure
it that way.

With the adults, it is whether they are back with their families,
whether they are employed, whether they stay out of illegal activi-
ties, drug involvement, et cetera.

That is really—you know, quality of life. How is their quality of
life improved, as well as the abstinence or how much drug use are
they getting involved in.

‘and we're seeing that we’re much more successful than the ini-
tial statistics of just looking at total abstinence as the desired out-
come.

Mr. Mica. We're going to have to find something to measure
these by because we're running out of your money.

Finally, Officer Tracy, I notice you have—from the statistics you
have in the program, you have some numbers going down. The
drug arrests are going down in 1994. What is kind of scary is the
last page, juvenile drug arrests are going up 1993-94; narcotic drug
possession, possession of control drugs going up; sale of narcotic

rugs.

I guess you are part of that national trend. You see more and
more juveniles in the problem, is that correct?

Mr. Tracy. That is correct. I would also say there is probably
more than one reason for that, but as somebody pointed out earliez,


19

Drop-In Centers are funded, where alcohol and drug information sessions, films, and planned
activities are provided. Parenting Programs are utilized not only to educate parents around the
issues of substance abuse, but to assist in developing better communication skills and to
strengthen the family unit. Many of these trainings and workshops focus on teenage and/or
unwed mothers and those families headed by single parents or living in low income housing
projects. OADAP also conducts an annual Educators’ Conference, provides scholarships for
attendees at the New England School of Addiction Studies, and conducts cooperative programs
with the NH Counselors Association.

Detailed Description of P for the Driver Convicted of DWI
P for the Driver Convicted of DWI

OADAP operates the Multiple Offender Program (MOP); and approves the providers of
Impaired Driver Intervention Program (IDIP) services, Weekend Impaired Driver Intervention
Program (WIDIP) services, and Phase II Residential Program services for repeat first offenders.
OADAP certifies all instructors and monitors the programs to insure that state standards are
maintained.

IDIP/WIDIP: The Impaired Driver Intervention Program (IDIP) or Weekend Program
(WIDIP), is for first offenders, is 20 hours long and includes an intake interview, alcohol and
drug education, group work, and a formal assessment by a certified counselor. Any aftercare,
recommendation must be followed before license restoration.

The Impaired Driver Intervention Program consists of 7 class sessions plus two
individual sessions. The fee is $280.

The Weekend Impaired Driver Intervention Program (WIDIP) is an intensified version of
the IDIP, scheduled from Friday afternoon to late Sunday afternoon with two overnight stays.
The fee is $380, which includes room and board.

PHASE II: The Phase II Residential Program is for the Repeat First Offender. Anyone
convicted of more than one DWI first offense in any state in the last 7 years must complete the
Phase II program. Phase II is an intensive 7-day and night residential program focusing on
alcohol and other drug education, group interaction and self-assessment. All clients are
evaluated by the end of the program, and any aftercare recommendations must be followed
before license restoration. The $675 fee charged to the client includes room and board.

MULTIPLE OFFENDER PROGRAM (MOP): The Multiple Offender program (MOP)
is operated by OADAP at the Multiple DW1 Intervention Detention Center in Laconia. Anyone
convicted of a second (or subsequent) offense receives a 10-day sentence from the Court. The
first three days are served at the County House of Corrections, and the remaining 7 days at MOP.

In calendar year 1994, 792 clients went through the Multiple Offender Intervention
Detention Center Program. Since its opening on March 31, 1989, a total of 4,191 men and
‘women have been sentenced to and participated in this intensive educational intervention
program, A recidivism study reported a low recidivism rate of 11% as of early 1993, with only
one other client recidivating in the two years following that original study.


14

The Federal Government estimates that 15% of folks on Welfare nationwide are in need
of alcohol or other drug treatment in order to become self-sufficient. This figure is in line with
our estimate of 14%. New Hampshire will be replacing welfare programs with work programs,
which would mean we will have to treat approximately 1,569 welfare recipients to enable them
to get a job or hold down a job and truly become self-sufficient. This is a dismal prospect in
Tight of the fact that we have over 90 individuals currently on waiting lists for treatment.

What Resources Does OADAP Have to Address the Problem?

We are a small state agency, with its current budget of $7.6 million, including $4.5
million in Federal Block Grant Funds (a dollar amount which I understand the Senate has moved
to reduce) and $2.1 million in State General Funds. We do an excellent job of stretching limited
Tesources to provide the best services possible. With a total of 50 employees, OADAP is
responsible for all of the state agency’s administrative functions, provides some direct Prevention
services, operates the Multiple DWI Offender Intervention Detention Center, oversees Impaired
Driver Intervention programs for DWI first offenders, and operates Tirrell Halfway House for
Men, a 14-bed facility that operates 7 days a week, 24 hours a day, with a total staff of 6.
OADAP supports a Comprehensive Continuum of Care in its treatment network by contracting
with non-profit community-based providers.

‘New Hampshire’s Comprehensive Conti £C

A true partnership exists with our community-based providers, who utilize numerous
volunteers, mostly from the recovering community. We also work closely and collaboratively
with other State agencies; for example with the Division of Public Health for AIDS Outreach
efforts, and with the Department of Corrections to provide treatment inside the walls of our
Prisons.

Continuum components include Crisis Intervention, Sobriety Maintenance, Social Detox,
Outpatient Counseling, Short-Term and Long-Term Residential Treatment, and Therapeutic
Communities; and until we ran out of fiscal resources we also subsidized medical detox for
heroin addicts. Our clients are assessed and can enter whichever modality is appropriate for
them, and continue through the system into Halfway House and Transitional Living services for
further counseling, job placement, and the beginnings of restitution to the Courts or for overdue
child support payments. All the modalities rely heavily on self-help groups such as AA and NA.
as part of their aftercare plan. We know from experience that treatment works, and the chances
of continuing a healthy lifestyle are greatly enhanced with active participation in the self-help
groups.

Ina biennium we intervene with or treat approximately 30,000 citizens; but it’s not
enough. God knows, it’s not enough. Our Comprehensive Continuum of Care is exactly what
we need to be doing, but 3 times over.


3

trying very hard to get our arms around the problem, to under-
stand what is working and what's not, to get our good minds, all
of us, and our hearts together to press forward with new solutions.

In this effort I’m putting together a working breakfast with 40
Democrats and Republicans to craft bipartisan legislative action in
Congress.

fe are also working closely with Federal agencies to get this
issue back on the front burner. Frankly, if we’re going to start to
win this war, take a look at combined crime and drugs together.
It is the No. 1 issue facing our country from a national security
point of view, and that’s the way we need to look at it.

We've got to get everyone in their living rooms talking about it,
everyone in their kitchens talking about it, the chambers of com-
merce, business people, Kiwanis, Rotary. It is important for all of
us as leaders to lead by example, to set up and get PSA announce-
ments, get our T.V. and radio stations and the newspapers to-
gether, make sure that we all start putting this as the No. 1 issue.

One thing that we must also realize is that the battle is not
going to be easy. It affects every single one of us, either directly
or indirectly.

Statistics can be very dry, but let me drop a few that are very,
very important. Last year, a survey of 51,000 students showed that
drug use was up in every age category surveyed and for every drug
including heroin, cocaine, LSD, inhalants, stimulants, and mari-
juana. The study reported that between late 1991 and late 1993,

arijuana use doubled.

Two weeks ago, the same annual survey reported that drug use
among kids 12 to 17 rose another 50 percent between 1993 and
1994, from 6.6 percent to 9.5 percent. Marijuana use in the past
year in the same age group jumped from roughly the same margin,
from roughly 4.9 percent to 7.3 percent.

Here is one more. The Justice Department just released new
data showing the recent rise in juvenile crime is tied directly to the
rise in youth drug use. In my view, we have to engage, and engage
now, in this battle.

We have to realize that illegal drugs and the growing influence
of all of the drug cartels affects all of us, and if we do not come
together to turn back the tide, it will destroy us.

DEA Chief Constantine said that the drug situation is a time
bomb waiting to go off. Success is within our reach, but it won’t
happen without cooperation between Democrats and Republicans.
It must also take place in a way that we have to make a whole-
hearted effort to support the efforts of Federal, State and local law
enforcement. We also must have our community support as well.

Right here in Manchester we have recently had a local success
story with Operation Streetsweeper. That is the reason that we are
here today. We, as Members of Congress, are here to listen, to hear
what you have to tell us. We are going to go out and see firsthand,
see if we can’t take some of the message back as we write our fina
Teport at the end of the year of what’s needed and what needs to
change.

This New Hampshire joint task force may well be the model for
nationwide efforts. At the very least, Operation Streetsweeper is a
lesson in how New Hampshire, State, local and county local law en-


132

to gain on those that are going faster than the rate of growth, and
it does put a squeeze on some other programs and force
prioritization. But that, in effect, is the prioritization.

Ms. Hurst. Now, wait a minute.

Mr. ZELIFF. A comment, but not a question, right?

Ms. Hurst. Right. I just wanted to say that having 10 years of
experience in various forms of local and State government, I have
to say I believe it is the quality of spending, not the quantity of
spending that is important.

Mr. SOUDER. Good point.

Mr. Geuire. That is a very good point. Thank you, Sharlene.

‘0. 19.

Mr. DUHAMEL. Congressman Zeliff, my name is Don Duhamel.
I'm the State chairman for Homeless Veterans here in the State of
New Hampshire, Veterans of Foreign War.

We take our people, we send them up to the VA for drug rehab.
When they're ready to come out, they send them to Robinson
House, or try to.

Come to find out, there is a 4 to 6-month waiting period. These
people have to go back out on the street. There is not enough tran-
sitional housing in this city or area. We need transitional housing.

We want the Naval Reserve Center. All the veteran organiza-
tions are behind me. We want veterans helping veterans.

Hopefully, most of the money will come from different organiza-
tions to support this. Once we get the guys in there, we will send
them to work, and they’re going to pay for their board and room.

We want to be part of this drug war. Don’t forget, our guys have
been through two wars, Vietnam, and now they’re trying to get this
monkey off their back. And we can’t send them back to the inner
city. We need to send them to a good drug-free area and also to
be supervised.

Thank you very much.

Mr. ZELIFF. Thank you very much, Don. As you and I talked ear-
lier, the Naval Reserve Center would be ideal. What we need to do
is figure a way to come up with the funds, and it sounds like you
are on that track, and I congratulate you.

The problem that we have is just because we are close to the safe
doesn’t mean we have keys to the safe. There are limited funds. If
there is strong support in terms of raising money to do that, we
need to do everything we can to help you hit your goal. Thank you.

Mr. Mica. May I comment? I can’t help but comment. I’m sorry.
I have to do this. It will only take a minute, but when we have vet-
erans who are homeless and veterans who don’t get services that
they need, and we have people who served this country and sac-
rificed for this country and they don’t get our attention, there is
something wrong, especially when you have people who come into
the country and can get the whole array of benefits.

We appreciate your coming before us. I’m sorry you even had to
come before us. It is a shame that we're in this situation.

Thank you. .

Mr, ZELIFF. I would like to say that you have been involved with
Stand Down and we have too. The 14 or 15 vets that showed up
asking for help, we tried to do everything we could to give them
that help.


110

Sgt Rich: y
Manchester Police
Crime Prevention Division

in the 70's the Manchester Police Department took a positive and progressive
step towards educating young children about the dangers they’ may face. by
implementing the Officer Friendly Program. Throughout the school vear officers
visit the students in grades K through 3. Officers talk to the children about
Stranger Danger and bievele and pedestrian safer. Time is alse: spe:
with the kids and answering questions they might want to ask the officer This
program has proven to be successful because it lets the children know the police
otticer is their triend and is there to help them. It creates a positive bond benveen
the children and the officer.

In the late 20's we joined several other police departments from around she
country and began to teach D.A.RE. (drug abuse resistance education), to our 6th
grade students. Who better to teach DARE. than police officers who deal with all
sides of drug use. We know who the dealers are and how they peddle their
product, We know who the users are and what happens to them over time. ay their
health deteriorates and they begin to lose and not care about their families. triends:
and loved ones. Having a police officer in the schools teaching the kids ubout the
dangers of drugs is more effective because the ofticer can relate fist hand
experiences of cases he has dealt with. It gives the kids a real image to think
about. instead cf just reading about it ina book,

During the 17 week DARE curriculum. our officers attempt to educate the 1200
6th graders in our city, about the dangers and challenges that they will soon
become faced with in respect to drugs. aleohoi tobacco, Not only do they tell
them about the dangers. but just as important, if not more so. they offer the kids
suggestions and advise on how to avoid the constant pressure to use drugs:
Unfortunately. even starting at 6th grade we have found that some kids have
already been exposed. cither in their neighborhoods or at home. For these kids. the
onty time they receive this positive information is trom us or their teachers.

Ideally. we hope our message is being re-enforced at heme.

Our most recent endeavor. at trying to have a positive affect on the lives of
young people. has been the implementation of the GREAT program, GREAT
stands for Gang Resistance Education and Training. It is a program that is geared
toward junior high aged kids. We teach it to the 1200 8th graders in our city. Like
Officer Friendly and DARE. GREAT trys to present the police officer in a positive


69

Ms. SUTPHEN. We've been working very closely with the Man-
chester Police Department and our own community policing team
that we have.

They have educated us on how to look for the suspicious activity

‘cing on, what to look for, what to do to help them out. And we've
Been doing that. When we see something going on, we call.

The main thing, you've got to be able to get the citizens and the
residents together. If they don’t know who lives in their neighbor-
hood, then they have no idea who the drug dealers are, who are
the good people, who are the bad people.

A lot of it is residents need to get to know each other and work
together with the police department, and they have been so helpful.
They've helped us out so much.

Police Chief Favreau, when we had our parade, he, the mayor,
and our community policing team were there. They’ve supported us
all the way through this. They are still supporting us very strongly.

Mrs. THURMAN. Chief, in Co ess, of course, that is going to be
our primary focus when we go back. Are there things that we do
wrong in Congress that impede your ability to do your job? Are
there things that you could send to us that we could do better to
make your job easier on the forefront?

Mr. FAvREAU. Well, one of the things that we discussed this
Morning, even the first panel, is we must prioritize what we spend.
If we were living alone in the woods, in a house, and we were sur-
rounded by 200 bad guys, we wouldn’t look at our checkbook. We
would spend the money that we had to spend to get through this
without losing lives or getting hurt, and then worry about what’s
left, for something else.

When it became so bad in the city, particularly where Alice
comes from, that they couldn’t walk down the streets, I got upset.
I got mad. I got very angry. The mayor got angry.

e knew it was going to cost us some money, but the priority
was there. It is most important to me as the chief of police, most
important. Certainly we have to talk about D.A.R.E. Programs, de-
mand reduction that is so important, parents saying no in addition
to kids.

1 know I am diverging, but I had to say that. Parents are afraid
of their children today. Parents are afraid to say no to a 2-year old
child who wants something. As a result—boy, did I digress, but I'll
get back. [Laughter.]

As a result, when that child is a teenager, they want instant
gratification. They want what they want when they want it, and
the parents love them so much that they are afraid that by saying
no that they’re going to lose the love of their child, and they’re
wrong. Somehow we've got to get that message out to the kids, and
we've got to get that message out to the parents, because that is
where it all begins.

Now, what was I saying? Priorities.

Mrs. THURMAN. What do we do in Washington that impedes your
abilities.

Mr. FAVREAU. Priorities. We need the money. We have to keep
the streets safer. Certainly there are still drug sales going on, but
now they’re hiding, They're in some of those buildings. We've got
to weed them out. We've got to find them, ferret them out.


24

Paul B. Brodeur
Commissioner, N.H. Department of Corrections

Good morning Chairman Zeliff and members of this subcommittee.

I am Paul Brodeur, Commissioner of the New Hampshire Department of
Corrections. Prior to my appointment as commissioner nearly two years
ago, I was a police officer for thirty years here in the City of
Manchester.

I welcome this opportunity to give you my views on New Hampshire's
drug problem and how the Department of Corrections is addressing it from
our perspective as keepers of the convicted.

Let me digress for a moment,

In 1983 I was assigned to the Bureau of Detectives of the Manchester
Police Department, One of my first actions was to make an LSD purchase.

That was the first of many, many arrests for drug sales. After
arresting the same people over and over, one of the sergeants involved
stated, “when are we going to stop just arresting these people
repeatedly and get them into treatment?”

Now that I am in a position to actually do what that sergeant was
pleading for, I face the possible elimination of the means to continue
several innovative, and successful, treatment programs.

I believe it is generally accepted that education is the touchstone in
the habilitation of convicted felons, in general, and convicted drug
felons in particular.

Let me relate a brief story to illustrate my point.

In the early 1980s a 19-year-old Merrimack youth was involved in a ten
or 25-dollar marijuana buy. The transaction turned sour and that youth,
who went to buy a cheap high, left a dead man -- stabbed to death.

That is the tragedy.

I arrested Mark D. and he entered the men’s prison in Concord in 1985.
He is still there.

Upon entry into the prison he took all of the available education
courses. It was not enough for him. He and several other inmates lobbied
to get some college courses introduced into the system.

Eventually Nathaniel Hawthorne College began to offer classes. New
Bngland College subsequently took over the project. Using funds supplied
under the PELL Grant program Mark D. graduated with a bachelor of arts
degree in Human Services in 1993. It took him eight years to do it, but he
persevered.

At this moment, Mark D. is a trusty working in my office at headquarters in Concord.
He is awaiting parole and already has a job waiting for him in the financial management


143

One of the things—I was challenged by Bob Woodson. He said
literally don’t be a typical white guy who sits on your duff and
doesn’t go out and meet people and see what works.

As I’ve gone around to urban centers all over America, one of the
things that is clearly apparent is that what was really making a
change, particularly in Hispanic and African American commu-
nities were often religious-based programs because they were
heart-oriented and valued-oriented in change.

Many of the people that I talked to, when there weren’t cameras
around or newspaper people around, said that they had been
through every program on the books, and hadn’t really made a
committed deep change.

The Government is never going to get involved, because of the
separation of church and State, directly. One of the things that I
strongly favor—and I do not propose it as a replacement for Gov-
ernment programs because, quite frankly, we’re reducing the Gov-
ernment programs anyway because of the budget, and it can never
fully replace it.

T have proposed an increase in the charitable contribution to
$1.20 on the dollar as well as some other changes because I believe
that a bigger share of what needs to be done is going to have to
be done through the private sector, and we’re going to have to give
initially to respond to the fact that many of the most effective pro-
grams are in the private sector and are community and value

ased.

That is not to say we’re going to eliminate the Federal Govern-
ment or anything like that because I don’t agree with that thesis,
but that is where I believe we will be headed over the next few
years. So that programs like yours and others that are value-based
can also tap into that.

We hear that over and over, city after city, and I commend you
on your efforts. It was good to be at your place today.

Mr. ZELIFF, Thank you, George, very much.

Mark, thank you. Unfortunately, we had targeted this at 3 and
Karen Thurman has to make a comment too. Karen.

Mrs. THURMAN. I just share the comments that I’ve enjoyed very
much being here, and I certainly appreciate those that have taken
the time out of their busy schedules to either testify or be involved
with this.

Hopefully, the continued communications will come with you,
and your Congressperson, who I have a lot of respect for—we’ve
served together a lot. I actually chose this subcommittee to be
ranking member because of this chairman. So it does show that
there is an equal amount of admiration and the fact that I think
he does a very good job.

Just so everybody will understand that we will have our dif-
ferences, and there is a reason for those differences. I think we are
all looking to the same end. We understand that the deficit is im-
portant to this country, and certainly understand the payoff.

I am just a little concerned, similar to the other speakers, that
I would like to see it being policy driven as much as by numbers.

On a lighter note, even though we seem a little partisan up here,
as I walk out of here today I am actually going to spend the night


10

If they get into halfway houses, they then have job counseling.
They get employment. They help pay their own way. They start
making restitutions to the courts. They pay overdue child support
payments. It is a very, very valuable component.

We know from experience the treatment works, and most all of
our modalities use the NA and the AA self-help groups as part of
the act of care.

In the biennium, we interview with or treat approximately
30,000 citizens. But that is not enough. God knows that is not
enough.

What we're doing is exactly what we need to be doing, but we
need to be doing about three times that. Our halfway house here
in Manchester has stopped taking intakes when they are 4 to 6
months behind.

We also have a network of prevention services, and that is found-
ed on the fact that we know families would strengthen if they un-
derstand and are fully informed about substance abuse. We also
know that we have to do community efforts that come from the
ground roots up, and that’s how we encourage our prevention pro-
grams, and that’s the strategy that we use.

We support student assistance programs, parental training, peer
leadership programs, ongoing curriculum efforts, alternative
schools, challenge courses, and we have received over $1 million
worth of free media spots this last year with our Drug Free New
Hampshire campaign.

We also wholeheartedly support the D.A.R.E. Program and serve
on their board.

I want to say we applaud what has happened in Manchester. We
think that is excellent and we are grateful for all of the law en-
forcement efforts that are currently ongoing.

But I want to say one last thing: where there are buyers, there
will be sellers. They may not be selling in this great clean city any
longer, but God knows they will be selling somewhere.

If we're going to win this war on drugs, we are going to have to
give equal attention to the battle fronts of treatment and preven-
tion or we are going to go nowhere.

I want to say that in my written testimony there are firmer defi-
nitions of all of our services including the costs, and I’ve also raised
two issues of concern that are happening on the Washington front,
primarily the unrealistic concept of performance partnerships.

Thank you very much for your attention.

{The prepared statement of Ms. Sylvester follows:]


141

Because obviously if we move everybody out of Manchester and
they all go to Nashua, that doesn’t solve the problem there either.
So we need to do this across the country.

First of all, we have to recognize that if you take crime and pros-
titution and drugs, and you're talking about the same thing, you
add it all together, it is the No. 1 issue facing our national security
for the United States of America.

When we all wake up to that fact and we start becoming better
parents and we start to take responsibility for our kids, we start
working as a community, and the mayor and the chief of police—
the police can’t do it all either. We do need you and we need the
community. It is one heck of a job that is facing us.

Thank you for your participation and your comments.

‘0. 12.

Thank you for the visit today. That was very interesting and out-
standing.

Mr. Rosapo. Thank you for coming. I hope we can get together
in the future.

My name is George Rosado. I am founder of Hope Center, which
you affectionately called Project Hope. I want to—I have a question
and I just want to make a comment.

The glass is not half empty; it is half full. I am encouraged. I am
encouraged by what is happening here today. I am encouraged by
what is taking place in our community. I am encouraged about po-
lice and everyone coming together. Mistakes are going to be made.
Adjustments have to be made, but I’m encouraged.

’m originally from New York City, South Bronx. For the last 24
years I have been involved in fighting drugs. I have been involved
personally and then after I received help for myself, 1 entered the
treatment field. I have worked for the Commonwealth of Massachu-
setts. For the last 3 years I have been down on Cedar Street where
there were three abandoned buildings—there was a time when
Cedar Street was not a popular street.

Now, because there are funds available, everybody wants to go
to Cedar Street. I was on Cedar Street when it wasn’t popular.

I thank you for this time and for your efforts. I have a question.
How important do you think prevention and intervention programs
are in the inner city, and the second part to that question, what
do you do to enhance the services that are being offered by pro-
grams—which are really needed? It is good to have rehab homes,

ut you can take a monkey and put him in a suit and he is still
a monkey. There has to be a change of heart.

A person will start using drugs when something happens on the
inside—and that’s why I’m a firm believer of programs—programs
enhancing people to grow and better themselves.

Mr. ZELIFF. George, thank you very, very much. You asked the
comment about interdiction, prevention, treatment education, de-
mand side. All of it is a solution. Not any one piece

We can do the interdiction, we can go to source countries, we can
eliminate, we can work with countries, we can do the interdiction
zone, we can stop people at 4 a.m. in the town of Manchester and
ask them where they’re going and why they are on the street, we
can go to school yards.


29

I would like to thank you for the support you have given law enforcement during
your ‘enure as chairman of the subcommittee. Today’s hearings and others you have
chaired, including the hearing on interdiction this past June, demonstrate the com-
mitment your subcommittee has made through identifying solutions to this problem
which plagues our cities and communities across this Nation.

We tn BEA also ‘appreciate the time you took to visit our Boston Field Division
earlier this year. Our special agents and other employees were heartened by the at-
tention you were giving the drug issue, and they join me in thanking you.

Best wishes for a successful hearing today. I know that all of the participants,
including those from DEA, welcome the opportunity to discues with how to best
address the drug problem locally and on a national basis. Sincerely, Thomas A. Con-
stantine, Administrator, Drug Enforcement Administration.

Mr. ZeLIFF. Thank you very much. I should say that we also re-
ceived a letter from Admiral Kramek, the Interdiction Coordinator
for the President. Thank you very much for reading that into the
record.

Mr. YoutT. Good morning, ladies and gentleman of the committee.
Welcome to the beautiful State of New Hampshire. Unfortunately,
beauty does not mean free from illegal drugs and drug trafficking.

New Hampshire is not a New York, a Miami, a Los Angeles or
a Washington, DC. When it comes to the drug problem, New
Hampshire has its own identity. I know because I’ve worked in all
of those cities, and now I am in charge of the DEA here in New
Hampshire.

New Hampshire is a consumer State. The drug traffickers prey
on the population of users in this State. New Hampshire is no ex-
ception to the drug crimes that we are engulfed with.

Here is an overview. Cocaine: cocaine is one of the biggest prob-
lems in New Hampshire, and is consumed in the powder and crack
form. Most of the cocaine coming through the State and up through
the State comes from the border towns of Lowell, Lawrence and to
some degree Lynn, MA.

Traffickers, in general, are being identified as Dominican nation-
als, Colombian, and in some exceptions, Mexican. The trafficking in
the State identified primarily is Anglo males throughout the State.
A number of traffickers have been moving their bases of operation
to New Hampshire from Massachusetts and other New England

‘tates.

They feel comfortable with this State, and unfortunately, they
taking up not only residents, but distribution points in the State,
primarily in the southern part of the State.

Cocaine is going for approximately $18,000 to $24,000 per kilo.
Crack cocaine could be $20 a rock. Powdered cocaine could be $100
per gram.

Marijuana: Marijuana, as stated by my brother officer, is an in-
creasingly difficult problem in this State that we have to handle.
Marijuana, in our opinion, is by far the biggest problem, and it is
because of the traffic it makes it is easily accessible to the children.

Marijuana is either smuggled into the State from the Southwest,
specifically Tucson and San Diego, by primarily Anglo males from
this area, and they get it from Mexican marijuana traffickers. The
smuggling is usually done by vehicles crossing the country.

The other source of the marijuana is the State itself. New Hamp-
shire’s indoor and outdoor growers have tapered off during the
years, but we suspect because more marijuana is being grown in-
doors because of the increased law enforcement, and also because


98

be connected with those resources which can provide short term
medical detox as well as long term in-patient treatment. For many
young people out-patient treatment in their home environments is
not always the most effective means of dealing with their
problematic drug use. It is often necessary that they be removed
from their peer group so that they might regain balance in their
lives. For this reason, we rely very heavily on the in-patient
treatment sites and for youngsters we especially rely on those
which involve long term treatment of 90 daye. The frequency and
intensity of drug use we see in young people ie increasing.
Recently we were given the information that marijuana use is on the
increase among teens. Also locally, the use of cocaine and heroine
is skyrocketing among teens. These types of addiction require new
and more intensive types of treatment programs if we are to combat
the effects of this level of addiction. Federal funding which we
currently receive through the State is essential for us to continue
addressing these needs.

Thank you for your time and I appreciate your attention to

this iseue.

Respectfully, “) )
‘i ’

. Yih JOP

fiichael Plourde, MACP

Executive Director


140

T'm also very active in my community and have been for the past

5 years especially. And today, since we're celebrating a success and
erhaps using it for a model for the rest of the country, I really be-
lieve that I need to point out a few things that concern me.

I don’t want to take away from the success that we have seen
this past summer, however, I have to say, hey guys, for 5 years
we've been talking about this problem building.

I became involved—and we heard this morning that prostitution
and drug abuse—and that’s been my opinion for the past 5 years.
I became involved when prostitution moved to my block after a
very successful crime watch on Cedar and Beech Street moved.
them from their block. Sound familiar?

Throughout the years we became very involved in looking at re-
search and how the rest of the country was working on things, and
it brought me to Lowell and Lawrence to talk to their police chiefs,

We heard that the prostitution issue was not going to be solved
unless it was solved on a national level, because in spite of the fact
that you can—you can pick up a hooker for ever and ever and ever,
and it is only—so I say to you that when we fight this drug prob-
lem, we have to deal with the prostitution problem too, and that
is one issue you can look at more specifically in the center city.

I also was involved in participating in the application for the
community enterprise grant, and heard very vehemently from our
neighbors about—money had to go into the policing. That was a
major issue.

T was involved in raising money for the bike patrol and support-
ing community policing in our city, and I have to applaud our chief
also for the work that he’s done. I believe in my heart that we
wouldn’t have had the murders on Cedar and Beech if we weren't
waiting for the funds to come through to get the community police
team back on the street this summer.

I would also like to say that as a resident my son, who is too
young to carry a drivers license, but old enough to walk downtown,
which is one of the reasons I love the center city, doesn’t walk
downtown because I am afraid that he will be stopped by the police
department and not have an LD. in his pocket. And that’s a fear
that I didn’t have prior.

So let’s be careful how you deal with the residents. I know you
have made an effort to know the people in the community. My son
is not on the streets very often. He hasn’t met the police.

Mr. ZELIFF. Let me just ask you this. You certainly have to feel
better today that we’re doing the things that we are doing, than
you did in the past?

Ms. PHILBERT. I think—feel better? Not really.

Mr. ZELIFF. What do you mean?

Ms. PHILBERT. Not really, sir. I think the problem has changed
location but is not being solved.

Mr. ZELIFF. Again, the Federal Government can’t provide all the
answers and we don’t have all the answers, but as the community
gets involved, as the city gets involved, as we get other cities in-
volved, what we are trying to do is take the message, the germ of
an idea, to try to pass that to other places in the country to be able
to share what is working right here with the problems that it does
create.


91

smaller communities which are supportive of one another. This is
the role of prevention in our communities.

Prevention needs to target specific weaknesses that exist within
our communities. These might involve low neighborhood attach-
ment, lack of employment, lack of support within families and
neighborhoods. But generally to target the allowance of crime to
pervade the neighborhoods.

I believe the prior panelist, Alice, mentioned that same situation.

Prevention must also encourage the continuation of positive at-
tributes of the community, and that is the resiliency factor. They
really need to encourage organizations like the Boys Club and Girls
Clubs, Girls Inc., YMs and YWs. They are really developing pro-
gramming in the after school hours to meet the needs of kids, all
without a lot of Federal dollars. Those are all locally generated

nds.

Schools are usually an ideal rallying point for neighborhoods
since many of them are organized around neighborhood locations.
They have the physical space and talent needed to deliver services
to young people. This is especially true in the after school hours.

ll other concepts such as community policing and neighborhood
coalitions aimed at regenerating crime ridden neighborhoods are
working in Nashua.

One in particular that I would just like to talk about very briefly
is the Frankfield Neighborhood Association where they’ve taken a
part of the city of Nashua that traditionally was infested with drug

lealers and other assorted criminals, and the community really
came together and formulated a crime watch.

They also went one step further and said we want to take back
these real estate properties. We want to clean them up, fix them
up, we want to rent them to families that are worthwhile, and
they've begun doing that. They’ve done that with several properties
to date.

Other locals note in Nashua that should be made are of the
Housing Authority where, with the use of drug elimination moneys,
they've partnered with business, with the police athletic league,
with the Boys Club, with the Ys, with agencies such as my own,
to develop programming for kids and families, not just the kids. To
really take a look at things in a different light.

I would like to highlight one of the programs that we do since
there was a question asked earlier about which programs worked.
We've developed a program called Challenge, which is modeled
after our DWI family—community education program for kids who
are first-time offenders.

We've partnered with seven police departments, three district
courts, and a number of school districts so that they refer young
people who are caught for their first time offense for either being
under the influence or in the possession of substances to our pro-
gram.

We evaluate them, we put them through an educational program,
and at the end we meet with them and their parents at an exit
interview to make recommendations about what would be needed
for this young person.

In 1994 we saw 240 kids referred to that program, and if we stay
on track, in 1995 we will see 280. There is no shortage of problems


i

State of Nets Hampshire

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
OFFICE OF ALCOHOL AND DRUG ABUSE PREVENTION

STATE OFFICE PARK SOUTH.

STEPHEN MERRILL 105 PLEASANT STREET GERALOINE SYLVESTER,
mn CONCORD. NEW HAMPSHIRE 03901 ECtON
TERRY L. MORTON (603) 271-6100
‘COMMESLONEA “TOO Access: Relay NM 1-800-795-2964

Fax (609) 271-6116

GOVERNMENT REFORM AND OVERSIGHT COMMITTEE
Subcommittee on National Security, International Affairs, and Criminal Justice

New Hampshire Congressional Hearing
THE DRUG PROBLEM IN NEW HAMPSHIRE:
AMICROCOSM OF AMERICA

September 25, 1995
Holiday Inn, Center of New Hampshire
700 Elm Sweet, Salon A
Manchester, New Hampshire

TESTIMONY OF GERALDINE SYLVESTER, DIRECTOR
NH OFFICE OF ALCOHOL AND DRUG ABUSE PREVENTION

‘What Is the Extent of the Problem in New Hampshire?

In NH there are estimated to be:

‘© A total of 140,000 people abusing alcohol and/or other drugs (many abuse more than one
drug). Of these people, 20% are children age 12-17. And 25,000 are over the age of 65.

‘+ 90,000 people who are alcoholics or abuse alcohol,

$6,000 people abusing or addicted to illegal drugs.

28,000 people abusing or addicted to prescription drugs.

Substance abuse directly or indirectly affects 1/4 of NH’s citizens - about 250,000 people
whose lives are being devastated by the disease of chemical dependency/ addiction. Substance
abuse consumes 2/3 of our law enforcement efforts and crowds our court dockets; it contributes

to teenage pregnancies, school drop-outs, fire fatalities, drownings, highway fatalities, homicides
and suicides.

© 60-80% of child abuse & neglect occurs because of a substance abusing parent or parents.
'* 60% of all domestic violence involves substance abuse.

‘+ 49% of incest cases are committed while under the influence.

© 80% or more of NH’s state prison inmates have a history of alcohol or drug abuse.

A Dartmouth research study estimated that 625 crack babies are born in New Hampshire
every year.


skills that will help them to avoid pitfalls of addiction.

To this point, the Federal Funding is playing an important
role, in allowing these programs that I have very quickly outlined.
The losses of substantial Federal dollars will impact the progress
that we have made to date. I applaud our local police departments,
they have been diligent in their efforts to find people who are
distributing substances in our area. Despite their hard work and
professionalism I am also aware that our young people can access
any drug at any time they choose. It is very clear to me that we
need to maintain our focus in finding other ways in helping young
people find other ways to recreate. They involve individual, group
and family treatment. Our goal is to assist the needs of each
individual young person that we deal with and their families and
develop treatment plans which address their unique needs. We
offer, at no cost, support groups for young people who are in
recovery and at minimal cost we offer support groups for their
parents. It is clear to us that our greatest successes are when we
treat both the young person and the family. In addition, we are
working with young mothers who are recovering from addiction who
want very desperately to be good parents. Our goal with these
young women is to help them develop the ability to nurture their

children and care for them while dealing with their addiction.

As an out-patient counseling program, it is important that we


102

IV EDUCATION

91.1% of the students were aught about AIDS/HIV infection tn achoo!
91.0% males; 91.3% fer:

65.6% of the students tatked about AIDS/HIV infection mith thelr parents or other adults in thetr fan
59.2% males: 72.1% females.

SEXUAL ACTIVITY OF RESPONDENTS

54.3% of the students slated they have had sexual intercourse.
{8% males: 52.7% females.

Grade: Sth 41.7%
10th 48.0%
1Ith 58.9%
12th 71.7%

7.7% of the students had sexual intercourse for the first lime prior to age 13.
10.4% mates: 5.0% females.

15.9% of the students had sexual intercourse with 4 or more people during thetr life
15.9% males; 15.7% females

1.7% of the students had sexual intercourse with 4 or more people during the past 3 months.
2.9% males: 0.5% females

11.6% of the students drank eleohol or used drugs before last sexual intercourse
13.6% males; 9.5% females
& stil ate
5171% of the students who had sexual intercourse during the past 3 months. used or their partner used a
condom during last sexual intercourse.
57.2% males; 45.7% females

24.3% of the students who had sexual tnlercourse during the past 3 months, used or whose partner used
birth control pitts to prevent pregnancy during fast sexual intercourse.
.9% males: 29.1% females

4.1% of the students had been pregnant or gotten someone pregnant one or more times.
‘3.7% males; 4.5% females

3.3% of the students had ever been told by a doctor or nurse that they had a sexually transmitted disease
such as genital herpes, geital warts, chlamydia, syphilis. onerches. AIDS, or HIV infection.
9% males: 3.6% females

Grade: Oth 2.7%
10th 2.5%
11th 30%
12th 5.19%

NUTRITION
45.7% of the students thought of themselves as about the right weight.
52.6% males: 38.5% fernales

43.0% of the students were trying to lose weight.
21.0% males: 64.5% females


118

There are so many mitigating circumstances that it is impossible
to deal with them all in this kind of a forum, but I think it is an
equal partnership.

Mrs. THURMAN. To give you an idea, in Florida we have some-
thing called full-service schools, which feeds into this, but it really
takes the parent and the child, looks at what their different cir-
cumstances are, maybe not so much in drug prevention, but gives
us an opportunity to start that child with their parents and meet
some of their needs before they get into a real problem.

John.

Mr. AHMAN. Prevention, intervention and treatment all go hand
in hand. What we are seeing in treatment, in the kind of treatment
we do, especially in the long-term therapeutic community model, is
that we're working at habilitation and not just rehabilitation, be-
fause a lot of these people need some basic life skills they've never

ad.

So we’re putting them back there with something more than
what they came in with, and tying it up with vocational skills,
working on the family, reuniting with the family.

So it is more than just dealing with the substance abuse. It is
all the issues that surround the—that treatment provides.

Mrs. THURMAN. Thank you.

Mr. ZELIFF. Just listening to this, with D.A.R.E. you're teaching
things in that curriculum that probably ought to be considered part
of the main curriculum, everything from role models to self-esteem,
basic life skills, what makes success. The D.A.R.E. Program comes
in and fills a void. You end up after the fact.

Maybe we need to start concentrating on some basic values in
regular curriculum. Any comment on that? Is it missing, are you
filling a void?

Mr, Tracy. I think the D.A.R.E. Program fills part of a void. Un-
fortunately, for a lot of the kids the only values they get are at
school.

There is one child that comes to mind. This year, if you had seen
him at the first D.A.R.E. class during the first week of school, the
one who hid in the back, was afraid to raise his hand because he
knew that the other kids would probably laugh at him because his
ability to read was very poor.

Toward the end of the class, even though that ability to read had
not increased that much, he was not afraid to stand up and speak
out and be heard, knowing that his classmates—because one thing
D.A.R.E. shows is that nobody is better than anybody else, and
we're all here to work together to come to a good solution.

Another student that comes to mind is one that his teachers told
us they could always count on him being in school on Tuesday, be-
cause he knew Tuesday was D.A.R.E. class. His rate for skipping
class was probably about 80 percent.

Mr. ZELiF¥. That is good testimony.

Mr. PLourDE. Congressman, if I could just take a stab at that
one for a minute.

One of the other voids that 1 really believe exist is with parents.
I think if we only look at kids in a vacuum, we're really doing them
a disservice.


65

It would be unfortunate, in my view, if operations of this type ei-
ther could not take place, or could not be funded because of un-
availability of Federal fundings to help shoulder these costs.
Operation Streetsweeper, I think, serves as a good example of an
anti-violent crime initiative which actually worked. I believe that.
it has had a beneficial effort on the quality of life of the people of
Manchester.
Primarily, I think the credit and success goes to the hard work
and dedication of Chief Favreau and the men and women of the
Manchester Police Department and, as importantly, the citizens of
the city of Manchester who just decided that they were not going
to tolerate this problem, and worked with the police chief and his
people to help resolve it.
Finally, I would like to note that in my view this drug problem
is not a partisan issue. I would state most strongly that I don’t
think anyone benefits when a partisan approach is applied to the
problem,
I was somewhat concerned to see some of the materials that were
handed out, particularly this graph here. I would suggest and say
most strongly, Mr. Chairman, that I agree with you and think that
we should all follow your lead when you noted in Foster’s Daily
Democrat that the drug virus is spreading rapidly. This is indis-
table. Only by working together and not as Republicans or
emocrats, but as concerned citizens, will we beat it. Get out from

under the shadow and give our children and grandchildren a safe
ture.

So I would like to applaud you for those remarks, sir. Thank you.

Mr. ZELIFF. Thank you very much. I’m looking—my eyes aren’t
very good at 59 years old, but can I see that chart that you have
referred to?

[Document proffered to the chairman.]

Mr. ZELIFF. I apologize for that. I asked folks last night to pull
it. We pulled it from the chart here. From my part, I did everything
I could. I apologize. It was not intended to do anything other
than—but the key is, if you look at the years, our problem is that
we are losing the war.

What we are trying to do is we’re trying to win the war. I think
meetings like this where we can come together—our President
asked for $14.6 billion this year versus $13.4 last year.

We are trying to fund that. We will be funding that. Byrne
Grants are up $25 million this year. We are anxious to do this.

I appreciate your—I would rather associate my remarks with
what you read as far as Foster’s Daily Democrat. I think you are
doing a terrific job here. We appreciate your leadership.

Again, I agree with your comments as far as the chief goes.
Frankly, I would like to make an invitation to you, to everybod'
that is appearing here today to join in the fight. All of us. You, al-
ready have, but in terms of public relations, if you have any ideas
on how we as Members of the public, who serve the public can get
more involved in taking a leadership role, please count me in as
well.

I think until we do that, until we get this discussion in the din-
ing rooms and the living rooms of our homes, get people more in-
volved with their kids—I couldn’t help but talk to Alice yesterday


71

Mr. BLUuTE. That is quite a deterrent effect. There is no doubt
about that.

Mr. FAVREAU. It certainly was.

Mr. BLUTE. And you've been able to keep that up for an extended
period of time?

Mr. Favreau, And we still are.

Mr. BLUTE. Mayor.

Mr. WiEczoREK. I wanted to say, Congressman, you see, when
you are talking about the number of police that we have here, let’s
say that we were going to 30 or 40 more. I still don’t think all of
that would have been as effective as the expertise that these var-
ious other participating agencies bring to the Manchester Police
Department.

I think when you look at various help that we’ve had from the
Federal Government, from the State, the county, you can see that
they were coming in with a lot of areas of expertise that we
couldn’t possibly Be an expert in because they’re seeing it from a
different view.

I think the collaborative effort—this is what is important—the
collaborative effort that was put together is what’s so important. It
made this successful because you had an awful lot of information
that was brought to bear, and it worked out very successfully. I
think this is a very good model to follow.

Mr. Bute. Let me ask another question and change the subject.
I represent the second largest city in Massachusetts, the city of
Worcester, a similarly sized city somewhat larger than Manchester.
Similar problems, similar efforts, similar neighborhood groups,
such as yours doing yeoman’s work out there on the front lines.

One of the issues raging in our city of Worcester, and I wonder
if you could comment on it. Obviously one of the offshoot problems
of drug use is the use of intravenous drugs and the spread of AIDS.
That is a significant problem. I know it is a serious problem. It is
something that we really have to deal with because financially the
Government has to deal with it at some point or another.

One of the great debates going on right now in our city of
Worcester is whether the departments of public health should hand
out clean needles to addicts.

I am one of those who opposes that because I think to hear what
you've done is take the fight to the drug element and the users,
and say this is not acceptable behavior. And then at the same time
to say, well, yes, but if you’re going to do it, here are some clean
needles, I think that is a mixed message.

I wonder if you all could give us your opinion of the idea of hav-
ing one Government agency forcefully cracking down on the drug
users and trade, but another Government agency somehow seem-
ingly to be handing out paraphernalia.

Mayor.

Mr. WieEczorEK. I think one of the problems, Congressman, is
that you do have agencies whose policies are sometimes in conflict
with one another.

Mr. BLUTE. And their goals.

Mr. Wieczorek. Absolutely. And that presents a range of real
problems.


16

{WRITTEN TESTIMONY]
Detailed Descripti inthe C ive Conti £C:

Crisis Intervention: We currently fund six (6) Crisis Intervention (Cl)/ Sobriety
Maintenance sites across the state. Cl is a service that was originally developed to care for the
publicly inebriated. Currently most of the clients served are under the influence of alcohol, other
drugs, or a combination of both. In lieu of four hours of protective custody in a jail cell, clients
have Cl as an option. CI provides a safe environment, the clients are medically monitored and
carefully supervised, and once sober of “down,” are encouraged to seek treatment. Our sites are
staffed mostly with volunteers who have been trained in how to manage the intoxicated person,
and an Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) is on site at all times. These services are located
in Lebanon, Concord, Nashua, Dublin, Manchester and Dover, and have all been expanded to
include a more comprehensive service called Social Detoxification or Sobriety Maintenance.
After becoming straight/sober, and having been counseled and motivated to seek treatment, the
client remains at the site which provides a supportive environment until a treatment bed or
outpatient counseling slot is available.

Outpatient (Individual Counseling): Counselors offer family-oriented diagnostic and
treatment services through goal-oriented treatment planning, counseling and case management
on an outpatient basis. Costs for private providers range from $45 to $85 per hour, the State’s
average cost is $18 per hour.

Outpatient (Group Counseling): After initial intake assessment, counselors are able to
identify those clients who can benefit from counseling in a group setting as opposed to individual.
‘one on one sessions. Most private providers use group therapy only as an after-care treatment
modality. We believe it can be equally effective in the beginning treatment efforts and certainly
cost effective with identified appropriate clients.

Day Programs: In-depth intensive programming that operates 7 days a week, offering
individual group and family therapy. Modeled after residential programs but eliminates the need
for housing. It is especially suited for women with children and adolescents who still have a
family intact. With adolescents, a tutorial program is also offered. Cost is approximately $40
per day per client.

Residential Programs: These are intensive programs for persons who are/have been drug
and alcohol free for 72 hours and require treatment services in a highly structures residential
setting. The programs offer one to one counseling, group counseling, addiction education,
activity/therapy, lectures and films, plus family therapy. The usual length of stay is 28 days.
Costs in private facilities range from $295 to $600 per day. The State costs for providing these
services range from $100 to $120 per day.

Medical Detoxification: This program is to insure that indigent or uninsured clients
receive medical detoxification when it is imperative. These medical services are provided by
three specialty and community general hospitals at a negotiated reduced rate. Medical
Detoxification costs can be as high as $600 per day. Our agreed reimbursement rate is $300 per
day with a cap on the length of stay.


99

PRELIMINARY YOUTH RIGK BEHAVIOR SURVET RESULTS - 1993

o Nee Hampshire Department of Education
101 Pleasant Street. Concord, New Hampshire 03301

‘Comptied by Joyce Johnson, RN, MA
NII State Dept. of Education (603) 271-2692

STUDENTS SURVETED ‘GRADE. RACE/ETRNICITY

Males N= 1290] oth N 705 | white N= 2510

Females = N= 1.389] 10th " 833 | Black nos "18

Missing = N= 5 | t1th N 650| Hispanic N= 33
12th N = 493 | Other Nos on
Other Mosing N= tA

a Missing N= 3

TOTAL 2.684 | TOTAL 2,684 | TOTAL 2.684
RISK TAKING AND SAFETY

27 OW of the students always wore a seat belt when riding In a car driven by someone else.
31.4% of the students rode # motorcycle one of more limes during the past 12 months.

50 6% of the sludents who rode a motorcycle during the past 12 months, always wore a motorcycle hetmet.
181.3% of the students rode a bleycle one of more times during the past {2 months

2.5% of the students who rode a bicycle during the past 12 months. always wore a bicycle helmet.

20.8% of the students. in the past 20 days, rode one or more {imes in a car or other vehicle driven by
‘someone who had been drinking alcohol

10 8% of the students, in the past 30 days. drove a car or other vehicle one or more times when they had
been drinking alcohol.

20.0% of the students have carried a weapon such as a gun, knife, or club on one or more of the past 30
days

5.8% of the students carried a gun on one or more of the past 30 days

11.5% of the students have carried a weapon such a8 a gun. knife or club on school property on one or more
of the past 30 days.

3.996 of the studente did not go to school on one ot more of the past 30 days because they felt they would
bbe unsafe at school or on thelr way to or from school

6.8% of the students have been threatened or injured with a weapon such as a gun, knife, or club on schoo!
property one of more times during the past 12 months.

29.4% of the students hed property such 99 a car. clothing, or books, stolen or deliberately damaged on
school property one or more times during the past 12 months.
31.49% males: 27.596 females

82.3% of the students never or rarely had adult or {eguard supervision when swimming in places such as
pool, lake. or ocean during the past 12 months.


21

Mr. ZELIFF, Thank you very much, Director Sylvester. We appre-
ciate your being here and your testimony.

Chair now recognizes Paul Brodeur, the warden of the New
Hampshire Prison and a former deputy chief of police in Man-
chester.

Mr. BRoDEvR. I would like to correct one thing, Mr. Chairman.
It is Commissioner of New Hampshire Department of Corrections,
if we can just straighten that out.

Mr. ZELIFF. You sure can.

Mr. Bropeur. Thank you. And second, I spent 29 years admin-
istering various positions, retiring as deputy chief of detectives
after 13 years.

I welcome the opportunity to give you my views of the New
Hampshire Drug problem and how the New Hampshire Depart-
ment of Corrections is addressing it from the perspective of keepers
of the convicted.

Let me digress for a moment, if I may. In 1983 I was assigned
to the Detective Division of the Manchester Police Department.
One of the first things I did was to assume a role and to go out
and actually buy drugs in the Kimball Street Housing Develop-
ment. That first buy was an LSD purchase.

Seeing how easy it was, I actually sent other detectives out there
to do the same thing. That gave us the impetus to start the
Kimball Drug Unit, which as far as I’m concerned is very active
and an excellent group of individuals.

While we were doing all these things we kept arresting the same
people. One of my sergeants finally said when are we finally going
to get some treatment to stop this continual circle.

ow that I am at the Department of Corrections, I can actually
see in fact that we do have some programs, and we are trying to
address those needs.

Unfortunately, the issue remains the possibility of elimination of
an awful lot of those programs. I believe it is generally accepted
that education is a touchstone of the rehabilitation of convicted fel-
ons in general and convicted drug felons in particular.

Let me relate a brief story, if I may, to illustrate my point. In
the early 1980’s at this Kimball Street project there was a 19 year-
old gentleman from Merrimack, NH, who went there to buy a bag
of marijuana. It was to be a drug rip-off. Unfortunately, one thin,
led to the other, and the drug dealer left, but the drug seller ende
up dying there on the streets, on Kimball Street.

This took place within just a matter of a few miles from here for
those of you who are not familiar with the Manchester area. That,
of course, was a tragedy.

I arrested Mark D. for that particular homicide, and he went to
a men’s prison in 1985. He is still there.

I have to give him credit because of the fact that it was a tragic
error, but unfortunately it was a childish mistake on his part.
Upon entering the prison, he took it upon himself to take advan-
tage of every opportunity there was as far as educational opportu-
nities there.

When he finished all those, he went one step further, and with
a couple of other inmates combined to actually et some college
courses brought into the prison. Eventually, New England College


50

initiating an operation to directly deal with the growing
problems in Manchester.

In regard to federal resources, the United States Attorney
and the Chief believed that the United States Attorney’s Office
was in a unique position to take the lead in organizing,
coordinating and marshalling those resources. In regard to
actual field operations, it was agreed that the Chief should take
the lead.

Both the United States Attorney and the Chief referred to a
much smaller operation which had taken place in Manchester
several years earlier and which had targeted the Kimball Street
apartment projects, which was then a hotbed of illegal drug
activity. At that time, United States Attorney Gagnon served as
the Hillsborough County Attorney, and Chief Favreau served as a
Captain with the Manchester police. It was agreed that the
smaller Kimball Street operation could, to a certain extent,
serve as a model for what the United States Attorney and the
Chief hoped to accomplish.

The first step taken was to hold an initial meeting at the
United States Attorney’s office. The purpose of this initial
meeting was to obtain a more current and accurate view of
precisely what was happening on the streets of Manchester. The
participants at this initial meeting were supervisors from the
United States Attorney’s Criminal Division and the Manchester
Police Department’s Special Investigations Unit as well as other

agents from the various law enforcement agencies which were


95

aimed at re-generating crime ridden neighborhoods are working in

Nashua. ‘Th

efforte are supported by all of the systems,
political, police, schools and the youth serving agencies of the
Greater Nashua area. The familiar cry of young people in Nashua ae
well as other communities is there is nothing to do. The Nashua
community has been busy over the past two years trying to develop
activities, both at in the after school hours and during the Summer
to provide activities for young people to participate in which are
constructive not just time occupying. Many of these efforts have
been partially financed through Federal funding. The Nashua Youth
Council has been in the lead in developing intervention programs
which are meant to address the needs of individuals who are
involved in substance use. We are partnered to seven police
departments, three school districts and three district courts to
create a network that identifies youngsters who are involved in
substance use and to help them to begin addressing that use.
Through an intervention program known as Challenge we invite young
people to eva)uate their own relationship with substances and to
determine why substances play a role in their lives. We then offer
them the opportunity to make constructive change in their habits.
We can provide treatment on an out-patient basis if their level of
use is problematic. If their level of use borders on addiction we
can help facilitate admittance into an in-patient treatment setting
for the purposes of detox or more intensified treatment. These

efforts are funded through a variety of resources, local, state and


33

Mr. ZELIFF. Mrs. Thurman.

Mrs. THURMAN. Mr. Chairman, I don’t think you want to come
to Florida then. [Laughter.]

I want to ask each of you, because in your testimonies you've all
alluded to some of what potentially happens with some of the cuts
in Washington, not that we don’t understand that we all have to
look at some of these issues.

But it is not just coming in the areas that are going to affect you
personally; it is going to hit us in a lot of other areas that is going
to personally dry up a lot of your resources at the State level as
well.

What I would like to know is if any of you can give me a percent-
age of what you think your dollars are, Federal dollars, are to your
Program, and what you see as these cuts that potentially might be
made, and how that is going to have an effect on your carrying out
the job that you’ve done so well up to this point.

I mention that because this is just a brief run out between Bu-
reau of Justice Assistance, Active Subgrants, and Office for Victims
of Crime. I can tell you that there are millions of dollars tied up
in this. And then your Byrne Programs, in particular, I think are
about $2.7 million coming into the State.

So Director Sylvester, I am really interested in yours because I
know that you're trying to do the prevention in those areas which,
of course, are mental health, and rug substance abuse. You might
give us an idea of what you potentially think you might be lookin;
at and let your State legislators know what job they have ahea
of them.

Ms. SyLVESTER. We have, in our budget $7 million approxi-
mately, about $4 million of that comes from the Federal Govern-
ment, and the other $2.5 approximately comes from State general

funds.

When the substance abuse block grant moves through the House,
I believe you folks voted to level fund it. We were delighted with
that. We knew better than to ask for an increase. We know what
kind of bind you're in.

What we said was if you can level-fund this, and if you can take
away those restrictive mandates and those crazy set asides, we can
do our jobs even better than we’re doing now.

I believe that it went to the Senate, and the last word I heard
is that theyre going to reduce the block grant in order to fund
some demonstration projects. If they do that, we’re going to be in
a real bind.

The basic problem is those demonstration project dollars are
going to run out in a couple of years anyway, at least here in New

ampshire. Because it is a valuable program, we will be expected
to pick up that tab. We won’t have the resources to do it because
the Senate has reduced the substantive use block grant.

All I can tell you is when you look at our written testimony and
you see what we are able to do with the dollars that we are given,

think you would be somewhat fascinated.

I mentioned before that we have a good network of services, but
it is not enough. Unless we’re able somehow to increase what we're
already doing, we're not going to win anything.

I guess that is the basis for my comments.


133

T don’t want the impression here to be that we’ve been unrespon-
sive. We’ve been responsive, but I think you're talking about a big-
ger project. I congratulate you for your leadership.

Mrs. THURMAN. However, there is a part of the budget that will
cut into that $8 billion which will reduce the medical availability
to war veterans.

So as we're sitting here talking about cutting the budget and set-
ting priorities and giving a tax break for $240 billion, let’s always
remember that.

The Democrats had to say something up here; we're out-
numbered.

Mr. ZELIFF. We have too much respect for the process at this
point. We don’t want to get partisan, so we will pass.

Mrs. THURMAN. Wait a minute. (Laughter.]

Mr. ZELIFF. No. 6.

Ms. Woops. Good afternoon. My name is Mary Woods and I work
at Mount Hope Center in greater Manchester as the clinical coordi-
nator for a program that is for chemically dependent people.

At any given time, a third of our population also comes to us
from the criminal justice system, and we're funded through HUD.
I am wondering what is going to happen to the funding. We also
need more housing.

We've found that treatment works when you have the community
support. When people can get treatment in their own community,
they’re able to transfer the skills they need, they're able to build
the support networks, they're able to get jobs, and that is really im-
portant.

1 would just like to underline the importance of everybody work-
ing together. It is not just interdiction, it is not just treatment, it
is not just prevention. It is also job development. You can get peo-
ple sober and you can get them in a criminal free lifestyle, but you
also have to put them to work. All this is clearly overwhelming
when you are dealing with individual people, but my question is
about HUD funding.

Mr. ZELIFF. I think many of these are coming up in the next few
weeks in terms of appropriations, but the programs at HUD have
to pass the same test as the programs in other areas have to.

If they can show that they’ve been working, if they can show re-
sults, if they can show accountability, then most—many of those
Programs will get preserved.

If they don’t show accountability and they don’t show success,
then they may fall by the wayside.

I agree with your comment in working together. I agree with
your comments on jobs. There are 155 job training programs. There
is $24 billion a year, and obviously some of these have to be tied
in. with welfare, they have to be tied in with folks who need those
skills.

Unfortunately, in the past most of those programs don’t lead to
jobs. We need to look at things differently than we've looked at
them in the past. That is why we're trying to do block grants back
to the States. We’re trying to give the Governor and local and State

overnments the responsibility and the resources to get the job
lone.


7

Therapeutic Communities: A therapeutic community uses Social Learning Model,
employs use of peer pressure along with individual and group therapy as a means to induce
attitudinal and behavioral change. Jt allows clients to regain self-esteem, a sense of self-worth,
insight into problematic issues and enhances ability to cope without the use of mind-altering
chemicals. This treatment model is used for those clients that have a long history of abuse and
addiction who could be termed the “hard-core” addicts. Usual length of stay is six to nine
months. The usual cost per bed year is $16,000. New Hampshire purchases their beds at a
reduced negotiated rate of $13,500 per year.

Halfway House: These programs offer ongoing supportive residential care, serving
people in need of additional structured living after discharge from a residential treatment facility.
The services provided include room and board, vocational rehabilitation services, one to one
counseling, involvement in self-help groups and preparation for independent living. Usual
length of stay is three months. Once employed, the residents contribute to their own upkeep.
Cost to the State ranges from $45 to $50 per day.

OUTPATIENT RESIDENTIAL
FY 94 FY 93 FY 94 FY 93
Sex:
Male 3261 2835 768 905
Female 1342 1285 2430-275
Pregnant 35 38 9 7
COA 2806 2235, 644 730
Co-Dep. 1338 1125° 326 365
IVDA 530 789 218 «327
Psychiatric Problem 640 525 102 122
Employed:
Full-time 1631 1358 76 140
Part-time 580 740 15 87
Unemployed 1423 1302 635 726
Notin labor force 933 683 277 «220
Homeless 198 143 220 176
OW Arrests: 1 975 «958 165 196
2 688 834 103 184
3 244 169 5953.
4 104 67 18 © 30
- 5 46° 32 16 (21
Marital Statis:
Never married 2344 2114 613 748
Married 903 811 98 132
Separated 382 333 96 100
Divorced 913 794 188 190
Widowed 52. 49 1 6

Insurance:


61

DRUG ARRESTS
1993-1994

onan ceca ¢ SALE-NAR SALE-CON POSS-HYP

OFFENSE 1993
POSS NARCOTIC DRUG 320
POSS CONTROLLED DRUG 193
SALE OF NARCOTIC DRUG 274
SALE OF CONTROLLED DRUG 19

POSS OF HYPODERMIC NEEDLE 5s

1994

199
167
264

14

1993
(1994



130

that conversation results in what is called a field card. It is some-
thing that we keep in our files, so that we in the future will be able
to identify those people.

Statistics were kept on those cards that we have in our station
at this time. The statistics show that 58 percent of the people we
came in contact with regarding field cards were Caucasian; 12 per-
cent were African Americans; 25 percent were Latinos; 4 percent
others, and 1 percent unknown.

I unequivocally state to you from the bottom of my heart that we
do not initiate any stops or contacts based on ethnic origin. I don’t
think I can make that any clearer.

Mr. ZELIFF. Thank you, Chief.

Mr. Mayor.

Mr. WirczorEK. Thank you, Congressman. I received a letter
from a June Rojas Tumblin, and I responded to her letter and it
reads as follows:

Dear Ms. Tumblin. After receiving your letter regarding alleged racist conduct by
our police, I contacted the chief of police and his deputies.

Please be advised that I am confident that our police are taking appropriate meas-
ures as they wage the war on drugs and crime in our city.

I understand your concern regarding the supposed targeting of Hispanics, but
having discussed the matter with the police, reviewed their statistics and seen them
in action for myself, I can assure you they are acting appropriately.

f They do not control who is on the streets. They only react to the situations they
face.

As Mayor I can assure you that the police will continue to conduct themselves ap-
propriately as they struggle to make our streets safe for all of our fellow citizens,
no matter what their background. It is my hope that all citizens will cooperate fully
with the police in these efforts, After all, crime victimizes without. discrimination.
manank you for writing to express your concerns. Sincerely, Raymond Wieczorek,

layor.

America is a great country, and we certainly welcome all of these
folks to Manchester. If they want to come here and they want to
bring up their children, and they want their children to get a good
education, they want to be good citizens getting a good job, and get-
ting the rewards for being a good citizen and bringing up their
family, we welcome them here.

If we are going to have anybody, no matter who it is, that is
going to be coming in and bringing in a criminal element, then
we're going to make their life unhappy.

As I say, that has no boundaries. We don’t care who they are.
Manchester is a good city, and it is only a good city because the
people who are here make it a good city.

Mr. ZELIFF. Thank you both for the good answers. I would like
to say both the questions and the answers are on stenotape. They
are a matter of the record, and basically what we saw from the
community that we were invited to you today and heard from the
folks who lived there today and yesterday, is that they feel very
good about the benefits of trying to take back the neighborhoods.
T just hope that it continues to improve. I thank the questioner as
well.

Question No. 8.

Ms. Hurst. My name is Sharlene Hurst. I’m a member of the
New Hampshire State Legislature and I live in Hampton, NH.


114

The last lesson of DARE is a culminating assembly-type activity to which all
classes involved in DARE are invited.

This event provides an opportunity for recognition of the student leaders and all
the students and staff who participated in the program. The scheduling of an
event of this nature requires the approval of the school principal.

‘The DARE program—offered in concert with other school-based prevention activ-
ities and intervention strategies for the identification, early intervention, and
aftercare support of students at risk for substance abuse—may be viewed as a
comprehensive substance abuse program that meets the goals of the federal
Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act.

‘A comprehensive program within the school offers such educational activities as
the following to heighten awareness and knowledge about alcohol and other drug
dependencies:

Planning and implementation of the school behavior code that includes

guidelines concerning the possession or use of tobacco, alcohol, and other
drugs.

A comprehensive program of instruction of the harmful effects of alcohol,
tobacco. and other drugs that are commonly abused. The program is sequen-
tial and grade-appropriate for kindergarten through grade 6. Ideally, this
instruction should be offered as an integral part of the school's comprehen-
sive health curriculum.

+ Faculty in-service training.

* Instruction by DARE officer in target classrooms.

Parent education, including a DARE evening for parents.

Interest groups.

Parent outreach and support.

Cooperative learning is an important strategy that is used throughout the DARE
lessons. The officer should consult with the classroom teacher concerning the
preassigning of students to cooperative-learning groups.

Leaming to function as a responsible, sharing member of a group and to partici-

pate in cooperative problem solving is a key factor in helping students meet their
needs for affection, recognition, respect, and feelings of self-worth.


116

Mr. ZELIFF. Thank you very much, Sergeant. In hearing both
Captain Mitchell’s and your testimony, Captain Mitchell said the
most under-utilized resource that we have is kids, using peer pres-
sure, and positive peer reinforcement.

How can we connect what you all are doing in D.A.R.E. with the
teaching and role models utilizing kids to help you get your job

lone?

Mr. Tracy. Right now we use the high school kids to come into
the D.A.R.E. classes. One class is designated to that, where high
school kids return to their former grammar schools and speak to
the kids that are in that current sixth grade class.

What we would like to do in the city of Manchester is currently
we only have programs that go up to the eighth grade. Our goal
is to get into the high schools, either through the D.A.R.E. Program
or some other type of education program.

I heard Captain Mitchell mention earlier that they are kinder-
garten through high school, and I think that’s great.

Mr. ZELIFF. Of all of the good things I’ve heard about D.A.R.E.,
the problem with it is we don’t seem to be able to get the funding
to do the earlier stages and the later stages. Any progress there?

Mr. MITCHELL. Funding is definitely the issue. The more grades
yon try to hit, the more officers it takes.

For the last 3 years we've done a system where we’ve had it
every other year: first, third; the core program, in the fifth, seventh
grade for junior high and ninth grade for high school. That was a
nice situation.

But for a community of 25,000 that we have in Dover, that takes
2.5 D.A.R.E. officers to do, plus my administrative time. That is ex-
pensive.

Mr. ZELIFF, You are probably reaching out to the business com-
munity. Are you getting business people involved in the program
to the extent that you feel you need to in order to make it success-
Ful?

Mr. MITCHELL. In my experience in Dover we definitely are. Part
of the advantages of approaching it from a community effort to-
ward drug prevention is that they do feel a part of it, and the busi-
ress community has been very supportive in Dover as far as com-
ing forward with funds, in-kind contributions, with offering facili-
ties and sometimes with employees and volunteers to get involved
and help out with many of the programs that we are doing.

Mr. ZELIFF. Sergeant.

Mr. TRACY. There is no doubt that the community is standing be-
hind us, both the citizens and the business community.

One thing we do is anyone who has a doubt about the D.A.R.E.
Program, I invite them to come in and sit through one of the class-
es, whether it is a businessman, a citizen or someone like yourself.
Anyone is welcome to come in and sit through one of the classes
to observe firsthand the interaction that goes on between the offi-
cers and the students.

Mr. ZELIFF. Thank you.

Mrs. Thurman.

Mrs. THURMAN. Somebody tell me who actually funds D.A.R.E.
Where are the D.A.R.E. funds coming from?


4

forcement authorities cooperate effectively with the Federal law en-
forcement community.

I have to tell you, in talking with the chief yesterday, how ex-
cited he was in explaining the importance of when Manchester
sized this thing up, he knew he could not do it all alone. He could
not do it with the resources that they had. In talking with the
mayor, they decided to call in help. I think this is great. This is
an example that I think we can share with many other locations
around the country.

Before I introduce our first panel, let me hold up, if I could, two
recent press clippings that struck us. We passed this around to our
whole group, our Members.

The first one is from the Manchester Union Leader. It is dated
May 29: “City Wages Intense War on Drug Users and Dealers.”
The second one is dated August 28: “Drug War Crack-Down Paying
Off.” Again, a tribute to all of the folks who are going to be testify-
ing today.

Deputy Chief of Police Dale Robinson said that over the last cou-
ple of years we've seen a marked increase in shootings. Ninety per-
cent of the time the shootings have been drug related. I think that
is the thing that kind of scares us, but certainly we have to come
together and make sure that we make this a No. 1 issue.

Referring to the absence of crime as a result of this effort, Chief
Favreau said, “With as much coverage as we now have out there,
T honestly feel that criminals are going elsewhere. It is almost im-
possible not to have that happen.”

The problem that we have to do is make sure they have no other
place to go. To somehow be able to win is to they can’t just move
on down the road.

The task force is making the kind of progress that New Hamp-
shire and America needs. Already, Streetsweeper patrols have re-
sulted in 2,217 field contacts with information on 835 individuals,
370 suspect photos, 199 motor vehicle summons, 26 contacts with
armed individuals, and 12 contacts with missing individuals, miss-
ing juveniles.

T’ve also been reading about things that have been happening in
school yards and the vicinities around schools where kids try to go
to school and learn, and are being prevented to do that by out-
siders. I think it is time that we take back our communities, our
schools, and this is what this effort is doing.

Our witnesses today will shed additional light on the central
questions: What is the New Hampshire drug problem, what can we
learn from Manchester’s experience, what is the best way to maxi-
mize resources for prevention, education and treatment, what is
really working, what is not, what can we do better?

With that, let me remind our audience that we will have two ex-
pert panels before lunch, one after lunch, and then an open mike
for everyone to participate. We will do that as long as we can, but
we tentatively are targeting that for an hour.

Up here, the Chair will operate under the 5 minute rule, giving
each Member of Congress 5 minutes to ask questions of the respec-
tive panels. Each panelist, in turn, will be allowed 5 minutes for
an opening statement. With the exception of myself and Mrs.


93

My name is Michael Plourde and 1 am the Executive Director of
the Nashua Youth Council. The Nashua Youth Council has been
servicing youth and their families in the Greater Nashua Area since
1974. In addition to the testimony that I am about give, I have
submitted to this Committee 2 documents detailing the results of
surveys that were completed. The Preliminary Risk Survey was
completed in March, 1993, the results were compiled by the CDC.
What you have is the portion which reflects New Hampshire's
results. In addition, The Pride Survey which was completed in the
Spring of 1995 in the Nashua School District, is included in the

packet.

Our Agency has worked in the areas of prevention, intervention
and treatment from its very beginnings. From a start of a drop-in
center our Agency has understood that the use of alcohol and other
drugs is rooted in our youth. It fills the void when youngsters
have something missing in their lives. Prevention activities need
to address these voids. Community coalitions play an important
role in assessing the communities that they service. I need to say
that I have attended community partnership conferences where the
Federal Government has awarded hundreds of thousands of dollars to
communities so that they might put patches on Little League
uniforms and Soccer uniforms that carry a drug free message. It
was my sense that a good deal of this money was utilized to pay
Universities to pre-test and post-test the effects of these
activities. I believe that first order prevention should be

addressed in schools and through other youth serving groups and


38

on the treatment end of it, but it needs to be backed up even fur-
ther because it is failing someplace Jong before it all comes our
way. I think that is part of the reason why you've seen this sharp
increase.

Mr. BLure. Ms. Sylvester, because of your interdiction, your
treatment efforts, what is your view of that? Why have we seem-
ingly lost ground in this war?

is. SYLVESTER. I think it is because we have no one, and a void
open. We don’t see “Just say no.” Everybody thought that was a
meaningless campaign. We don’t see the concentrated information
poing out. It has, as the first gentleman said, been put on the back
urner. When it was up there, it was in parents’ minds, educators’
minds, communities’ minds. We had a much, much greater impact
and a much better effect.

It got set aside. It is now like a stepchild of whatever else is
going on. We have to just simply refocus.

Mr. BLUTE. Mr. Brodeur, you see the result everyday in your
charges there in the prison system. What is your view of this?
Where did these yours people come from? How did they get there?

Mr. BRODEUR. I will relate back to when I was with Manchester.
I said it then and I still say that, as it has been quoted, years ago
the media had a high concentration on say no. I mean, you took
the figures that the children could relate to, the sports figures, the
movies stars, whatever, and that seemed to get the message out.

Unfortunately, you see the reverse now. One, there is no media
attention or, No. 2, what is being publicized is the sportscaster or
sports person who are being arrested for these drugs and alcohol,
and therefore I feel that, in fact, these kids have said, if they can
do it, I can do it. There is no stigma. They are movie stars and
sports stars and they’re still being arrested and can stay in the
business.

Mr. Buure. I see my time is up, Mr. Chairman. If I could just
say, though, that I think what has come out here and elsewhere
is that we're not focusing on this enough at the highest levels, and
that is why I commend you and the ranking member, Mrs.
Thurman, for being a one-two punch on this issue nationally.

You truly are providing the leadership that was provided else-
where in the years ago when we were being more successful.

Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

Mr. ZELIFF. Thank you. I think you referred to that chart to m:
immediate right. If we stopped saying “Just say no” and we don’t
tell people drugs are bad, then the risk in their eyes becomes lower
and the use goes up. There is a direct correlation. Pretty simple
straightforward sue

So what we're trying to do, frankly, and I think we will get into
this today, we all need to take a leadership role. All our leaders.
Everybody. Everybody in the State. We need to have a New Hamp-
shire campaign fed by the Governor, obviously, and all of us. Char-
lie and I are committed to it, the two Senators, community leaders.

When we start talking it up again, I think we can effect some
of that risk factor.

Thank you. very much.
Mark Souder from Fort Wayne, IN. You don’t have a drug prob-
lem out there, but you came here just to listen, right? [Laughter.]


125

Mrs. THURMAN. Captain Mitchell, the only comment I would like
to make is prior to this I was a school teacher. I taught seventh
and eighth graders math. So I've had a classroom for 9 years and
understand some of—and live in a small community that has had
its own problems.

But also lived in an area that is fairly rural. So for some of those
parents, I don’t always think it is because they don’t want to be
there. Sometimes it is because they can’t get there. It is transpor-
tation or whatever.

That is why I think the full service school issue has been very
helpful because it is where if they need help with social services
or whatever, it is available right there at the school so they have
a reason to come there, and not necessarily going into an urban
setting where they would be further away from their children’s
schools.

So as you're looking at some of these, there are a lot of good
things happening in this country that are trying to bridge those.
Maybe hopefully with some of us coming up here and seeing what.
you're doing—I think Mr. Zeliff is going to come down to Florida
to see what we’re doing—that we can patch some of these good
ideas across to different communities and see if we can’t open up
everybody’s eyes because we do have a smaller amount of money
to work with, so we need to really get the best thing for our buck.

Mr. ZELIFF. Mr. Souder, one last question.

Mr. SouperR. Something that has been a personal irritation to me
has been—it is almost like reliving the early 1960’s and 1970’s
again where we tried the policy of containment on marijuana and
it didn’t work any better than it did in Vietnam.

Why do you feel—let me phrase this a different way.

If marijuana is illegal, why do we allow it to be on hats and
record albums and T-shirts? And when you go through a mall
today, I don’t know whether it is true here, but you can see it, cer-
tainly in the Washington, DC area and back in Indiana, that in
record stores and T-shirt shops, the glorification of something that
is illegal.

Should that not be covered? Why, if it is illegal, do we allow it
to be glorified in music and shirts and hats and other things?

Mr. MITCHELL. I would like to take a shot of that. I know why
it is legal to do it, because it is considered speech and is constitu-
tionally protected to promote marijuana even though it is illegal to
possess it, not that I necessarily like that.

This kind of highlights the involvement of the youth. We had a
local merchant who was selling marijuana leaves on shirts and
hats and promoting getting high and getting stoned on posters,
jewelry and the whole thing.

And a group of fourth and fifth graders of the Woodman Park
School in Dover took them on. This is a national chain. They wrote
letters to the store, to the corporate office in New Jersey, did a pe-
tition, eventually did a press release, called a press conference, and
raised all kind of media attention to it over the course of all the
last school year, culminating in June when the store quietly sur-
rendered and pulled everything off the shelves as a result of the
pressure of the students at that school, 40 fourth and fifth graders.


100

PERSONAL VIOLENCE

36.9% of the students were in a physical Nght one or more limes during the past 12 months.
44.7% males; 29.2% females

27.3% of the students fought with a Irierid or someone they knew; a boyfriend, gitliriend. or dale; or a parent,
brother. sister. or other family member the fast time they were in a physical fight.
40.7% males: 33.5% femsles

4.7% of the students were Injured tn ¢ physical Aight
(umes during the past 12 months,
5.7% males: 3.6% fernales

id had to be trealed by a doctor or nurse one of more

14.5% of the students were tn a physteal Nght on schoo! property one or more thmes durtng the past 12
months.

19.7% males: 9.1% females
SUICIDE

26.1% of the sturdents sertousty considered allempling sutcide during the past i2 months.
18.5% males: 34.0% females

71.0% of the siudents made a plan aboul how they would attempt suicide during the past 12 months.
15.19% males; 27.1% females

16.1% of the students actually attempted sulcide one or more times during the past 12 months.
8.0% males; 14.3% females

2.8% of the students who atiempted suicide resulting tn an injury. poisoning. or overdose that had to be
treated by a doctor or nurse during the past 12 months.
1.8% mates: 3.8% females
SUBSTANCE ABUSE
‘Clgarette Smobing and Tobsces Products

69.8% of the students ever trted cigarette smoking, even one or two pulls.
72.6% males; 68.8% females

27.2% of the students smoked a whole cigarette for the first time prior to age 13.
31.4% of the students smoked cigarettes regularly. that ts, at least one cigarette every day for 30 days.

9.5% of the students started amoking cigarettes regularly (at feast one cigarette every day for 30 days) prior
to age 13.

35.6% of the students smoked cigarettes on one or more of the past 30 days.
36.1% males; 35.1% females

26.1% of the students smoked 2 or more cigarettes per day on the days they smoked.

17.3% of the students smoked cigarettes on schoo! property on one or more of the past 30 days.
18.49% mates; 16.1% females.

20.2% of the students tried to quit smoking cigarettes during the past 6 months.
11.8% of the students used chewing lobacco such as Redman, Levi Garrett, or Beechnut, or snuff, such #8

‘Skoal, Skoal Bandits, or Copenhagen, during the past 30 days.
19.5% males: 3.6% females


Al

Mr. SoupERr. Thank you. .

Mr. ZELIFF. Thank you very much. It is now a great honor to in-
troduce my colleague, Charlie Bass.

Mr, Bass, Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. I just wanted
to thank you for your hospitality and allowing me to participate in
this hearing.

I do not serve on this subcommittee. However, I do serve on the
full Government Reform and Oversight Committee, and as such
will be interested to hear and see what sorts of results you come
up with.

Mr. ZELIFF. You also serve on the Budget Committee. We have
a very close eye on you, my friend. [Laughter.]

Mr. Bass. Moving right along—[laughter.]

This is really the first hearing I have participated in on this sub-
ject. It has been fascinating, to put it bluntly.

It seems to me, based upon what Mr. Yout has presented to the
committee with his analogy to Miami and people coming from other
countries that the problem of drug use and abuse are really not
necessarily endemic to the United States alone.

In fact, it is a global problem. And when we talk about problems
within the family, society and culture, Federal involvement versus
State involvement and so forth, I think it also perhaps would be
instructive to look at drug use in the historical context, the in-
creases in communication and technology; transportation, for exam-

le.

One hundred years ago we would never have seen—would not
have the problems arising from Tucson, AZ. Obviously, the drugs
don’t come from Tucson. They come from somewhere else and they
go through Tucson.

I guess my comment, which any of you may wish to reflect upon,
is in order to deal with this problem, we obviously have the issue
of the cultural problem, we have the issue of education, which is
the D.A.R.E. Program and other programs which I have been in-
volved with as a former legislator and State senator, but as we ad-
dress long-term solutions to drug use and drug abuse, I think we
need to look at modern society from a global standpoint, not nec-
essarily from strictly a U.S. standpoint, and try to determine what
are the root causes.

What are the Dominicans, for example, doing in Lowell and Law-
rence and so forth? What are the unique problems of immigration
and illegal transport of drugs across our border.

And then, from the other side, try to look at the issue of edu-
cation because the demand, in my opinion, is the key to the answer
of this problem. We are never going to be able to throw enough
Money at drug abuse to stop it from the supply side.

I would be interested—I don’t want to take up too much time on
this subcommittee—but I would be interested if you all have any
comments or observations on that.

Mr. Yout.

Mr. YouT. Congressman, I think the issue, not only in the State
of New Hampshire, but nationally, is money. The drug trafficker
sees this as easy money.

It, again, goes back to the basic concept of life and upbringing.
If you don’t have to work for a living, and you can do something