Marine Annelids 

From the Northern 

Marshall Islands

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 260-0
Marine Annelids 

From the Northern 

Marshall Islands

By OLGA HARTMAN

Bikini and Nearby Atolls, Marshall Islands

GEOLOGICAL SU R VE Y PRO FEJS S ION AL PAPER 260-Q

Prepared in cooperation with 

the Allan Hancock Foundation

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1954
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

Douglas McKay, Secretary

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

W. E. Wrather, Director

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office 

Washington 25, D. C. - Price 25 cents (paper cover)
CONTENTS

Page 

Abstract_________________________________________ 619

Introduction_______________________________________ 619

Marine annelids from the northern Marshall Islands and

their distribution.______________________________ 622

Distribution__________________________________ 622

Collecting locations and marine annelids found at each

locality__-_____--____---_-_--___-_----_-_-_ 624

Bikini Atoll_--__.-___________________________ 624

Page 

Marine annelids, etc.—Continued

Eniwetok Atoll-_----_---_------_-----__-_---__- 625

Rongelap Atoll___-___--_----__-________________ 628

Rongerik AtoU.._____________________________ 628

Systematic list, with bibliographic citations ____________ 628

Systematic descriptions.___-____-.._______-___--__-___ 631

Literature cited___________________________________ 642

Index...__..__-_____--__._._._______..__.__..____. 643

ILLUSTRATIONS

Page 

FIGURE 169. Jaw plates of Eunice afra, Lysidice collaris^Palola siciliensis, and Aglaurides fulgida; paragnathal apparatus of

Pseudonereis gallapagensis.- -_--------__----__-____________-______________-_____-_-____--.-___---_- 620

170. Map of Bikini Atoll showing collecting localities.. ____________________________________________________ 624

171. Map of Eniwetok Atoll showing collecting localities.__________-____-_---____-__--_-_-____--___-------_- 625

172. Map of Rongelap Atoll showing collecting localities. _______________-_.-__-___,____-________--_--_---___ 627

173. Map of Rongerik Atoll showing collecting localities___._____.____-______._____-__--______--___________ 628

174. Palmyra aurifera Savigny and Oastrolepidia claoigera Schmarda_____-_______--______-___--__--__---_--_-_ 630

175. Eunice johnsoni, n. sp. and Phyllodoce pruvcti Fauvel.__________________________________________________ 632

176. Sphaerodorum pacificum Hartman, n. sp., Lysidice collaris Grube, and Dodecaceria laddi Hartmann, n. sp______ 635

177. Leiochrides? biceps Hartman. n. sp., Dodecaceria laddi Hartman, n. sp., and Sphaerodorum pacificum Hartman

n. sp.___________________________._._.__.____.___-_______-__--_-__--_--__---------------_- 636

178. Fabricia bikinii Hartman, n. sp., and Leaena minuta Hartman, n. sp_____________-----____----_----------_ 640

in

BIKINI AND NEARBY ATOLLS, MARSHALL ISLANDS

MARINE ANNELIDS FROM THE NORTHERN MARSHALL ISLANDS

By OLGA HARTMAN*

ABSTRACT

This paper describes and charts at least 100 species of marine 

annelids from the northern Marshall Islands. Sphaerodorum 

pacificum, family Sphaerodoridae, Eunice johnsoni, Eunicidae, 

Dodecaceria laddi, Cirratulidae, Leiochrides? biceps, Capitellidae, 

Leanea minuta, Terebellidae and Fabricia bikinii, Sabellidae, 

are newly described. At least 72 species are recorded from 

Eniwetok Atoll, 41 from Bikini Atoll, 20 from Rongelap Atoll, 

and 5 from Rongerik Atoll. There are no obvious differences in 

the annelid faunas of windward and leeward islands, nor seaward and lagoon sides of the islands, though it is admitted that 

the numbers taken are too limited to make general conclusions.

Several species of annelids occurring in corals or coralline 

masses have a destructive effect on calcareous structures. Such 

are the following: Pseudonereis gallapagensis (Nereidae), 

Lysidice collaris, Eunice afra, Palola siciliensis (Eunicidae), 

Aglaurides fulgida (Lysaretidae), Polydora spp. (Spionidae), 

Dodecaceria laddi (Cirratulidae), and Hypsicomus phaetaenia 

(Sabellidae). The blue coral (Heliopora) and the white pillared 

corallines are especially riddled by Palola, Lysidice, and Dodecaceria; Pseudonereis was found especially abundant in Heliopora 

on Eniwetok Atoll.

INTRODUCTION

At least 100 species of the marine annelids recorded 

below were taken from the northern Marshall Islands, 

between 1946 and 1952 in connection with Operation 

Crossroads and later atomic tests. Four atolls were 

investigated. Eniwetok Atoll and Bikini Atoll are 

best represented with at least 72 and 41 species respectively; others are Rongelap Atoll with 20 and 

Rongerik Atoll with 5 species. Only 20 species, or 

about 37 percent, are common to Eniwetok and Bikini 

Atolls. This small number is doubtless the result of 

too few collections.

All species named below represent new records 

because no previous work has been done on the marine 

annelids of these atolls. The present study can be 

regarded only as preliminary, because collecting was 

for the most part casual with regard to the annelids. 

Exception must be taken to the considerable masses of 

intertidal coral and coralline clumps taken at Eniwetok 

Atoll by Harry S. Ladd, Martin Russell, and R. C. 

Townsend in 1952. Some of the intertidal areas of

Bikini Atoll were closely examined by Martin W. Johnson of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 

accounting for most of the records from Bikini Atoll.

Based on the collections made, there are no obvious 

differences (again only a tentative conclusion) between 

windward and leeward island faunas of the several 

atolls, except that the windward islands are far better 

represented both by numbers of species and by station 

numbers (see figs. 170-173). The same lack of difference can be seen by comparing the faunas from outer 

or seaward side with lagoon waters.

Since annelids are largely crevice-dwellers, or limited 

to the substratum, it may be expected that the factors 

most influential in their number and distribution are 

ecological and biological, such as kind of substratum, 

associations of other organisms, and amount of exposure 

to sun and drying rather than amount of current and 

wind drift or other general physical factors.

The annelid fauna of this area clearly has an affinity 

with fauna from other parts of the Indo-Pacific. 

However, it is notable that most of the new forms 

belong to genera (Dodecaceria, Leaena, Fabricia, 

Sphaerodorum, and Eunice] not limited to tropical seas. 

There are at least 12 more species, identified only to 

genus (Amphitritides, Anaitides, Chaetopterus, Cirratulus, Glycera, Naineris, Polydora, Salmacina, Serpula, 

Spio, Typosyttis, Vermiliopsis) and three or more to 

subfamily (Autolytinae, Exogoninae, and Spirorbinae) 

which may also represent unknown or unreported 

species. Eight others are given questionable specific 

names (Ceratonereis costae, Harmothoe imbricata, Irma 

angustifrons, Laonice cirrata, Notopygos hispidus, OdontosyUis hyalina, Phyttodoce marquesensis, and Terebetta 

ehrenbergi) mainly because the collected materials are 

either imperfect or too meager to permit accurate 

identity. Five names are given as near known species: 

Lepidonotus cf. L. argus, Drilonereis cf. D. major, 

Phyllochaetopterus cf. P. ramosus, Polydora, cf. P. 

armata, and Poly cirrus cf. P. medius; these affinities 

are discussed in the systematic part of this paper.

This report has been prepared in cooperation with the Allan Hancock Foundation of the University of Southern California, as their contribution no. 112.

619
620 BIKINI AND NEARBY ATOLLS, MARSHALL ISLANDS

FIGUBE 169.—Pharyngeal armatures of polychaetes which are destructive to coral and coralline growths, based on specimens from Eniwetok'Atoll. 

( The parts for each species come from a single individual and are considered to be representative. In the Eunicea note the comparative increase 

in size of mandible (1) as against maxillae (2) as one proceeds from least (Aglaurides fulgida) to most destructive species (Palola siciliensis). 

T In Pseudonereis gallapagensis the larger jaws probably function for grasping and the smaller paragnaths and pectinae for rasping. 

f A, Aglaurides fulgida, X 45, (p. 621) from Lidilbut island, seaward, from reef-zone block. (1) mandible, (2) maxillae. 

^ B, Eunice afra, X 27 (p. 621) fromMuti island, from a narrow seaward reef, from landward edge of Ltthothamnion ridge next to surge channel.

(1) mandible, (2) maxillae.

C, Lysidice collaris, X 60, (p. 634) from Bogon island, seaward, in coral area. (1) mandible, (2) maxillae.

D, Palola siciliensis, X 45, (p. 621) from Lidilbut island, seaward, near shore, in Heliopora (blue coral). (1) mandible, (2) maxillae. 

E, Pseudonereis gallapagensis, X 39, (p. 621) from between Lidilbut and Elugelab islands, lagoon side, in Heliopora (blue coral). Paired jaws 

and dorsal part of paragnathal armature, showing the transverse rows of pectinae on the maxillary, and the separate paragnaths on the oral.
MARINE ANNELIDS PROM THE NORTHERN MARSHALL ISLANDS 621

The small size of most individuals, even though 

sexually mature, and the lack of knowledge of the 

annelid fauna of the atolls, makes positive identification 

difficult without additional collections. Some of these 

small individuals bear close resemblance to temperate 

or boreal seas species such as Laonice cirrataf, Harmothoe 

imbricataf, and possibly others. • Their presence on the 

atolls may represent extreme limits of their ecological 

ranges.

The majority of species are found in various parts of 

the Indo-Pacific, also tropical Australia north to southern 

Japan. The following are examples of these species: 

Eurythoe complanata, Anaitides madeirensis, Platynereis 

dumerilii, Ceratonereis mirabilis, Ceratonereis costae, 

Pseudonereis gallapagensis, Eunice antennata, E. afra, 

Nematonereis unicornis, Arabella iricolor, Aglaurides 

fulgida, Palola siciliensis, Glycera tesselata, Dasybranchus lumbricoides, and others. About as many 

species have a more limited distribution in warmer, 

more restricted parts of the South Pacific. Examples 

of these are Phyllodoce marguesensis, P. pruvoti, Genetyllis gracilis, Pterodrrus brevicornis, Phyllochaetopterus 

ramosus, and others. The new species (Sphaerodorum 

pacificum, Eunice johnsoni, Dodecaceria laddi, Leiochrides? biceps, and Fabricia bikinii) as well as those 

indicated below by generic name only, may be endemic, 

although their presence or absence from other parts 

of the South Pacific cannot be predicted without more 

intensive investigations.

Most of the annelids may be regarded as having a 

destructive effect on the reef building processes of 

corals or coralline algae. This is obviously so for those 

which penetrate the rocky platforms; they include 

Pseudonereis gallapagensis, Lysidice collaris, Palola 

siciliensis, Eunice afra, Dodecaceria laddi, Hypsicomus 

phaetaenia, several Polydora spp., and others. Some of 

these lime-destroying species are provided with hard 

pharyngeal structures that can rasp away even the 

hardest coralline or coral rocks The annelids found 

most frequently within coral include Palola siciliensis 

(fig. 169-D), Lysidice collaris (fig. 169-<7), Eunice afra 

(fig. 169-5), Aglaurides fulgida (fig. 169-A) in the 

superfamily Eunicea, Pseudonereis gallapagensis (fig. 

IQ9-E) of the family Nereidae, Dodecaceria laddi (fig. 

177-D-H) of the family Cirratulidae, and Polydora 

spp. of the family Spionidae. In the Eunicea the ventral mandibular plate, which may function as a rasp, 

is conspicuously large and strongest in Palola (which 

may also be the most destructive member of this superfamily) and comparatively smallest in Aglaurides. In 

each of these species the dorsal, maxillary pieces probably function for grasping, rather than for rasping. 

Dodecaceria and Polydora have no such pharyngeal 

armature but may perform the same function with the

aid of modified setae (fig. 177). Hypsicomus, a sabellid, shows none of these chitinized structures; its 

penetrating effect may be the result of chemical action.

Many other species are nestlers or crevice-dwellers, 

occupying natural shelters of "the colonial calcareous 

organisms. By reason of their presence, the annelids 

cause destruction of their environs. Many derive their 

nutrients from the corallines or coral clumps, or from 

micro-organisms within the clumps. Such are the 

amphinomids of which Eurythoe complanata (a fireworm) is one of the commonest present; others are the 

mucus-secreting phyllodocids, most of the Eunicea, the 

capitellids, terebellids, and others. Only a few, such 

as the serpulids, with massed tubes (Salmacina and 

Eupomatus) can be considered as contributing to reefgrowth. Conspicuously absent or scarce are resfbuilding forms such as the sabellarians and maldanids 

(not represented), in fact, most Sedentaria except the 

terebellids.

The effect of the annelids on atolls was noted by 

Martin Johnson, who collected many of the species. 

He states, personal communication:

My impression is that the annelids were common on the 

atolls visited. I believe they had their maximum abundance 

in the coral zone on the platform portion of the reef just shoreward from the growing Lithothamnion ridge and in the potholes 

in the reef flat covered by shallow water even during low tides. 

The surge channels in the Lithothamnion ridge were but little 

sampled. As one would expect, most of the collections were 

made from areas covered with a good deal of rubble and loosely 

attached material not readily moved by surge of waves. * * *. 

Regarding the boring of annelids, my impression was that the 

annelids constitute one of the important borers in the area.

Further, Gardiner (1903, p. 336) concluded:

Polychaeta are perhaps really the most important boring 

animals in coral rock, although the actual forms are inconspicuous and of small diameter. In coral reefs at least some specimens can be obtained from every rock below and between tide 

marks. All large coral masses are bored into and penetrated 

by their tubes, which bend and twist in every direction. The 

surface at the edge of the reef is made rotten for some inches by 

their borings, and the section of the broken base of a coral often 

appears as a regular sieve from their holes. The finer-textured 

corals are principally affected, but all corals and rocks are attacked * * *. From their prevalence in every rock, be it of 

coral, sand or nullipore, the total effect of the Polychaeta must 

be enormous, and they must certainly be regarded as the prime 

and most effective agents in the breaking down of coral rocks.

Grassland's general report (1928, p. 581-2, and 1927, 

p. 534) on atolls emphasizes the wealth of virgorous 

life in coral clumps.

The effects of polychaetes on the Great Barrier Reef 

of Australia, as reported by the British Museum, Great 

Barrier Reef Expedition, 1928-29, are stated only in 

general terms. Thus, Otter (1937, p. 332) reports that 

"no collections were made from Low Isles of rockburrowing Polychaeta, which undoubtedly play as ini-
622 BIKINI AND NEAEBY ATOLLS, MARSHALL ISLANDS

portant a part on this reef as they have been found to 

do on many others." Thereafter he cites Gardiner 

and Crossland. (See above.)

Because of the considerable number of species (at 

least 100 indicated in thfi lists below), and since it must 

be concluded that these lists are at best only preliminary, one is inclined to question the generalization that 

the fauna of the Marshall Islands is small (Fosberg, 

1951, p. 6; Morrison, 1951, p. 16). Clark (1952, p. 

265) recorded 80 species of echinoderms (excluding the 

holothurians); only 40 percent of the total number 

were found in 2 successive years, also indicating that 

the echinoderms have been incompletely collected.

Collections are in the U. S. National Museum and 

the Allan Hancock Foundation of the University of 

Southern California. Type specimens for the new 

species are in the U. S. National Museum.

MARINE ANNILIDS FROM THE NORTHERN MARSHALL 

ISLANDS AND THEIR DISTRIBUTION

DISTRIBUTION

All the species of marine annelids found in the northern Marshall Islands are listed alphabetically in the 

following table, and their distribution in the northern 

Marshall Islands and elsewhere is indicated.

Distribution of marine annelids 

[B indicates Bikini Atoll; E, Eniwetok Atoll; Rp, Rongelap Atoll; and Rk, Rongerik Atoll]

Aglaurides fulgida. . ............. ........ . .......

Amphitritides sp _________________

Anaitides madeirensis _____ .. __ _ ...- ...

AncistrosyUhrigida., .......... . .................

Arabella irkolor... ................. ........ .. ...

mutans ___ _ _____ . ... ______ ..

Autolytinae ________________ .. ....

Rhawania cryptocephala. . . ..... .. ... ... .... . ....

Rranchiowaldane vincenti ...... . .................

Ceratonereis costae. ..............................

mirabQis ..... ... . ......................... ....

Chaetopterus sp _ .. _ . _______ _ ........

Chrysopetalum ehlersi ........... ............ .....

Cirratulus sp ___ , _______________

drrijormiasemicincta..- ..................... ...

Dasybranchtis caducus ...........................

lumbricoides. .... .. ............... .... ..... ....

Dodecacerialaddi.. .......... ....................

DorvUlea gardineri. ..............................

simttis .... .... ..... ........ .. ... .. .... ..

Drilonereis cf . D. major. ............. ..... .... ...

Ewlalia tenax .............. .....................

Eunice afra .... . .................. ... . .. . ..

antennata..... .... .... ......... . ......... ..

johnsoni. ... .. .......................... .... ..

(Nicidim) gracttis.. ................ ...........

Euphrosine myrtosa ..... ....... .... ... ... . ... ...

Eupdlymnia. trigonostoma .................. . .....

Eupomatus albicrps ......... .... ............ .... .

Eurythoecomplanata. ..................... . .....

Exogoninae...- _ _ _______ _ __ ......

Fabriciabikinii.. ................. .. .. .. .

Oastrolepidia clavigera ..... .... .............. ... ..

GenetyllisgracUis.. ..............................

Glyceratesselata. ... . ..........................

sp

Haplosyttis aberrant.. .................. .. .......

spongicola. .......... ... ............... ..

Harmotholmbricataf ......................... .

Hesione genetta ............................. ...

Hydroides multispinosa. ....... . ................

Hyperhalosydna striata. ..........................

Hypsicomus phaetaenia ..........................

Irmat angustifrons ....... ...................

Laonice cirrataf ________________ _ .

Leaena minuta.. .... . ......... .................

Leiochridesf biceps. .. ____ __ ___ ..

Leocrates chinensis.... ..........................

Lepidonotus cf. L. argus..... ....................

Loimia medusa. ..................... ....

Lumbrineris laterUli .......... '. ......... .. .......

sphaeroeephala __ . _____ ... ....

Atolls

TTI T}_ !£?:::::::::::::::::

E. .......___..._._____

B, E............ ......

B,E.. ................

E. ....................

B. ....................

B. ........... ........

Rp, E....— ..........

E. ........... . .....

E. ....................

B, ....................

B, Rp, E.......... ....

B, Rp.......... .......

E. ....................

E. ....................

E. ....................

E. ....................

B, E. .................

E. ....................

B, E.... ..............

E. ....................

B. ....................

B. .......... ... . ..

B, E, Rp.......... ....

B, E, Rp, Rk— — —

B. ....................

B. ...... ... ... ..

E. ....................

B............... ...... ira

E, B, Rp..............

E. ....................

B. ............. ... ..

B,E, Rp..............

B. ............. . .

B.E.. ................

E. ......... .. ...

E. ......... ..

E. ................. .

T?

B, E,Rp..............

B . .

B. ....................

E. ....................

B. ....................

E. ....................

E. ....................

Rp—— ....———.._.

B,E........ .........

Rk........ ............

B, Rp.................

B..... ................

E. ....................

Windward 

Island

X

Leeward 

Island

Lagoon 

side

Outer 

side

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

Other distribution

Circummundane in warm seas.

rjjrciimmimrlane in warm seas.

Both sides of tropical America; South Pacific.

Circummundane in warm seas.

Indo-Pacific; both sides of tropical America.

Indo-Pacific; southern Japan to Australia.

Red Sea; Indian and Pacific Oceans.

Atlantic and Pacific Oceans; disjunct.

OjrcumrniTnflane 1" warm anas.

Indo-Pacific; Australia; both sides of tropical Amerio ,

Red Sea; Madagascar; South Pacific.

Red Sea; Tahiti.

South Sea islands; Polynesia; French Indochina; Australia. 

Circummundane in warm seas.

Indo-Pacific; both sides of tropical America.

Maldive Islands; East Africa.

Suez on coral.

Red Sea; India.

Indo-Pacific; New Zealand north to Ryukyu Islands.

Indian Ocean; South Pacific.

Cosmopolitan in warm and temperate seas.

Indo-Pacific; Zanzibar; Australia.

Indo-Pacific.

Indo-Pacific; south Japan to New South Wales.

Red Sea; Ceylon; on coral.

Both sides of tropical America; Indo-Pacific.

Philippine Islands; Indo-Pacific.

Marquesas Islands; Tahiti; Paumotu Islands; Fakarava reefs. 

Circummunda,ne in warm seas.

Indochina.

Circummundane in sponge.

Circummundane.

Ceylon; Samoa Islands; Philippine Islands; South

Pacific. 

Indo-Pacific; south Australia; south Africa.

Indo-Pacific; Australia to Japan.

Indo-Pacific; Japan; Australia; Atlantic.

Indo-Pacific.

North temperate seas.

Southern China; South Pacific.

Both sides of the South Pacific.

Circummundane hi tropical reefs.

Circummundane in warm seas.

New Zealand; off northeastern Australia; South Pacific.
MARINE ANNELIDS FROM THE NORTHERN MARSHALL ISLANDS 623

Distribution of marine annelids—Continued

Lysidice collaris....... ..... . ..... ... ... ____ .

Naineris sp ___ ____ .. ... __ ..-.._

Neanthes dawydovi ... ... ..... . ... . ... ....

Nematonereis unicornis-. ... ... ......... ....... ..

Notopygos hispidusf.. ................. ..........

Odontosyllishyalinat.... ....................... ..

Palmyra aurlfera.. ............... ... . ....

Paralepidonotus ampuUifera... ..................

Paramarphysa orientalis... ....... . ..............

Phyllochaetopterus pictus ....... .. .................

of. P. ramosus ......................... .......

pruvoti. .......................................

Platynereis dumerUii... ..........................

Polydrrusci. P. medius. ............... . ...... ....

SPP..... —— . —— —— .- —— —— ..-_.-_- —— ._...__._

Spiosp. ......................... ______ ..

Spirorbids, dextral.. ________ __ . ___

Syttis gracilis. ..... ..-.----... _____ ........

Terebdla ehrenbergif ................. ...........

Trypanosyttis zebra ..............................

Typosyttis brachychaeta. .................. .. ......

hyalina... ....... .................... . .........

Vermttiovsis so _ -_--.-._ _. ... ......... _ ..

Atolls

B, E. ............... ..

E. ....................

E. ._...._._..__.___...

Rp, E- ................

B,E. ......... ........

B-..— ...............

Rk.... ................

E. ............. _ ....

E... _________ ...

E. ....................

E

E. ....................

B... ..................

E. ....................

B, E, Rp-_._._ .......

Rp

B._— .—————

E.. ...................

E. ................... .

B,E. .................

E-......_...— ........

E... __ ..... ........

B. ......— ........ . ...

E....._....-_--__-._._.

E.......... ......— ...

E..__._..— . ..........

E

E......... .............

E....-.— ..... ... ....

E._......— .— — — .

E-...-...— — . .......

E........... ...........

E...............— ....

E........— ...........

Rp..........— .......

B, E, Rp, Ft.— ......

B...... __ ............

E.....................

E

E.. ....... .............

E.—-..- — — ---.-

Windward 

Island

^

^

X

Leeward 

Island

•£

X

Lagoon 

side

Outer 

side

^

X

X

X

X

Other distribution

Indo-Paciflc; both sides of tropical America.

Indo-Paciflc; both sides of tropical America.

Philippine Islands; tropical Australia; Indo-Paciflc.

Philippine Islands; Great Barrier Reef.

Indo-Paciflc at Mauritius Island.

Indo-Paciflc.

South Sea islands: India.

Oircummundane in warm seas.

Marquesas Islands; South Pacific.

Loyalty Islands; New Caledonia.

Circummundane in warm seas.

Both sides of tropical Pacific.

Circummundane in warm seas.

Southwestern Australia; Marquesas Islands.

Indo-Pacific; Madagascar.

Both sides of tropical Pacific; Indiau Ocean.

New Zealand.

Phillippine Islands; Ceylon. . Circummundane; littoral.

Circummundane in coral reefs.

Circummundane.

Red Sea to southern Japan.

Circummundane.

Circummundane.

Oircum miin dan e -

Oircuirunnndane,

296330—64——2
624 BIKINI AND NEARBY ATOLLS, MARSHALL ISLANDS

165° 20' ____________

30'

40'

\\ LAGOON

Bikini

/*/

Bbkonfuaaku .1—**.' 

I Jr\ 

Yomyarcm I \ l

11°

30'

Enirik 1

19

Enyu \>

NAUTICAL MILES

FIGURE 170.—Map of Bikini Atoll showing collecting localities.

COLLECTING LOCATIONS AND MARINE ANNELIDS 

POUND AT EACH LOCALITY

BIKINI ATOLL

The following species collected at Bikini Atoll are 

listed according to the location at which they were 

collected on the atoll. The collection localities can be 

fixed on figure 170.

NAMU ISLAND, SEA SIDE

Eurythoe complanata 

Genetyllis gracilis 

Hesione genetta 

Pseudonereis anomala 

Glycera tesselata 

Eunice afra 

Eunice antennata 

Lysidice collaris 

1'alola siciliensis 

Drilonereis cf. D. major

NAMU ISLAND, LAGOON SIDE

Eurythoe complanata 

Notopygos hispidus? 

Eunice afra 

Palola siciliensis 

Armandia lanceolata 

Polyophthalmus piclus

BIKINI ISLAND

Eurythoe complanta 

Phyllodoce pruvoti 

Hesione genetta 

Leocrates chinensis 

Trypanosyllis zebra 

Typosyllis sp. 

Ceratonereis pachychaeta 

Nereis sonata persica 

Eunice antennata 

Palola siciliensis 

Nematonereis unicornis 

Lumbrineris latreillif 

Arabella mutans 

Loimia medusa

BOKONFUAAKU ISLAND

Gastrolepidia clavigera 

Phyllodoce pruvoti

YOMYARAN ISLAND

Pterocirrus brevicornis 

Phyllodoce pruvoti 

Glycera tesselata 

Eunice afra 

Palola siciliensis 

Armandia lanceolata
MARINE ANNELIDS FROM THE NORTHERN MARSHALL ISLANDS 625

ENYU ISLAND

Trypanosyllis zebra 

Platynereis dumerilii 

Palola siciliensis

ENTRIK ISLAND

Eurythoe complanata

Ancistrosyllis rigida

Eunice afra

Eunice (Nicidiori) gracilis

Dorvillea gardineri

Phyllochaetopterus cf. P. ramosus

Dasybranchus caducus

BIKTNI LAGOON

This specimen came from a fouled boat cradle in 

lagoon, the exact location of which is not specified.

Platynereis dumerilii

BIKINI ATOLL

The exact locations of these species are not specified.

Eurythoe complanata 

Hesione genetta 

Irmaf angiistifions 

Ceratonereis mirabilis 

Eunice afra 

Lysidice collaris 

Palola siciliensis 

Dorvillea gardineri 

Glycera tesselata 

Dasybranchus caducus

OUTSIDE BIKINI ATOLL

The exact location from which these species were 

obtained is not indicated.

Eurythoe complanata 

Eulalia tenax 

Phyllodoce pruvoti 

Hesione genetta 

Leocrates chinensis 

Ceratonereis pachychaeta 

Lumbrineris latreillif 

Nematonereis unicornis 

Arabella novecrinita 

Phyllochaetopterus cf. P. ramosus

ENIWETOK ATOLL

The following species are listed according to the 

locality at which they were collected on the Atoll. 

These collection localities can be fixed on figure 171.

ELUGELAB ISLAND

The following species was collected on the reef at a 

point about 600 feet west of Elugelab island, where it 

was associated with holothurians.

Gastrolepidia davigera

BETWEEN LTOILBUT AND ELUGELAB ISLANDS

The species listed here were collected from the lagoon 

side of the reef between Lidilbut and Elugelab islands 

where the water is 6 inches to a foot deep at low tide.

40'

30'

16

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/ /

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FIGURE 171.—Map of Eniwetok Atoll showing collecting localities.

This area was apparently a site of rich coral growth 

prior to building of a causeway that now connects the 

two islands and shuts off all cross-reef circulation. 

Growths of species of Heliopora are abundant but not 

in the form of microatolls, and a fair variety of other 

corals are present. Colonies of Acropora are so 

abundant that at low tide the area resembles the 

Great Barrier Reef, as seen in photographs. Most of 

the coral is now dead or dying, and the colonies of 

Heliopora are riddled by borings of Pseudonereis galla,- 

pagensis Kinberg.

Eurythoe complanata

Haplosyllis spongicola

Typosyllis variegata?

Other syllids

Pseudonereis gallapagensis, in colonies of Heliopora

Eunice afra

Laonice cirrata?

Terebella ehrenbergi?

Other terebellid

Salmacina-like tubes, in cavities of Heliopora

LIDILBUT ISLAND

The following species were collected from the reef on 

the seaward side, from living and dead corals under 1 

foot of water at low tide. The reef flat is nearly covered by loose heads of coral.

Eurythoe complanata

Chrysopetalum ehlersi, in coralline algae and old coral head

Bhawania cryptocephala

Palmyra aurifera, in coral zone

Euphrosine myrtosa, in coralline algae

Sphaerodorum pacificum, in coralline algae

Anaitides madeirensis

Anaitides sp., in coralline algae

Leocrates chinensis, in Helioyora

Ancistrosyllis rigida
626 BIKINI AND NEARBY ATOLLS, MARSHALL ISLANDS

Haplosyllis aberrans, in Heliopora

Parasphaerosyllis indica, in Heliopora and coralline algae

Odontosyllis hyalinaf, in white coralline algae

Typosyllis sp., in coralline algae

Trypanosyllis? sp., in coral zone

Exogoninae, in old coral head

Other syllids, in old coral head

Ceratonereis mirabilis in Heliopora and in old coral head

Pseudonereis gallapagensis, in old coral head

Neanthes dawydovi, in old coral head

Glycera tesselata

Glycera sp., in coralline algae

Eunice afra, in coralline algae and in old coral head

Paramarphysa orientalis, in Heliopora

Palola siciliensis, in coralline algae and in Heliopora

Nematonereis unicornis, in Heliopora

Lysidice collaris

Lumbrineris sphaerocephala, in corallines

Aglaurides fulgida, in old coral head

Dorvillea similis, in Heliopora and in old coral head

Dorvillea gardineri

Laonice cirrata?

Polydora cf. P. armata

Poly dor a sp.

Cirratulus sp., in old coral head

Dodecaceria laddi, in old coral head

Polyophthalmus pictus, in old coral head

JL/asyoranciius caaucus

Dasybranchus lumbricoides

Eupomatus albiceps, with Heliopora

Spirobranchus giganteus, in old coral head

Serpula sp., in coralline algae

Vermiliopsis sp., in coralline algae

Spirorbids, in old coral head

BOGON ISLAND

The species listed below were collected from the seaward reef within 300 feet of beach where the flat is 

covered by 1 to 2 feet of water at low tide. Corals are 

present, with Acropora, Heliopora, and Porites the commonest. Corals cover 5-10 percent of the reef, with 

sand areas in between.

Eurythoe complanata 

Paralepidonotus ampullifer i 

Harmoihoe imbricata? 

Chrysopetalum ehlersi 

Bkawania cryptocephala 

Haplosyllis spongicola 

Other syllids 

Platynereis dumerilii 

Lysidice collaris 

Dorvillea similis 

Naineris sp. 

Polydora sp. 

Polyophthalmus pictus 

Sabella notata 

Hypsicomus phaetaenia 

Spirobranchus giganteus 

Eupomatus albiceps 

Serpula sp. 

Spirorbids

KUJIYOKU ISLAND

Hesione genetta 

Phyllodoce marquesensis?

RUNIT ISLAND

Anaitides madeirensis 

Eunice afra

MUTI ISLAND

The following species were collected from dead coralline algae next to a surge channel at the landward edge 

of a Lithothamnion ridge bordering a narrow seaward 

reef. Entire ridge is dead and blackened and partly 

overgrown by soft algae.

Eurythoe complanata 

Syllis gracilis 

Typosyllis variegata 

Exogoninae 

Other syllids 

Nereis sp. 

Eunice afra

Paramarphysa orien'talis 

Lysidice collaris 

Palola siciliensis 

Arabella iricolor 

Dorvillea similis 

Polydora sp. 

Cirriformia semicincta 

Polyophthalmus pictus 

Eupomatus albiceps 

Serpula sp. 

Vermiliopsis sp. 

Salmacina-like tubes 

Dextral spirorbids

The following species were collected from living 

Porites and reef-flat rock, about one-third of way from 

seaward edge of the reef to shore.

Eurythoe complanata 

Syllids

Ceratonereis mirabilis 

Eunice afra

Nematonereis unicornis 

Arabella iricolor 

Polydorasp. 

Cirriformia semicincta 

Dodecaceria laddi 

Mesochaetopterus minutus 

Polyophthalmus pictus 

Branchiomaldane vincenti 

Vermiliopsis sp. 

Serpulid

The following species were collected from beach rock 

and the rock of the reef flat, about 30 feet from shore.

Eurythoe complanata

Typosyllis sp.

Pseudonereis gallapagensis

Eunice antennata

Lysidice collaris

Arabella iricolor

Phyllochaetopterus pictus

Phyllochaetopterid, in shell-covered tube

Cirriformia semicincta

Vermiliopsis sp.

Sinistral spirorbids
MARINE ANNELIDS FROM THE NORTHERN MARSHALL ISLANDS 627

PARRY ISLAND

The following species were collected from coral heads 

on seaward reef flat.

Syllids

Lysidice collaris

Polydora, more than one species

Dodecaceria laddi

Leaena minuta

The following species were associated with colonial 

tubes of Mesochaetopterus, tubes that partly cover 

surface of rocks on the seaward reef flat.

Pseudeurythoe cculifera

Many syllids, of several species

Lysidice collaris, in borings of rounded block

Naineris sp.

Spio sp.

Mesochaetopterus minutus

Cirriformia semicincta

Laena minuta

ENIWETOK ISLAND

Eurythoe complanata 

Phyllodoce pruvoti

RIGILI ISLAND

About 200 feet back from marginal zone fragmentary 

specimens of Platynereis? sp. were collected.

At landward edge of reef flat at the contact of the 

reef flat with beach rock belt, the following species 

were found in coralline algae.

Lysidice collaris 

Palola siciliensis

On lagoon side of Rigili, blocks on reef flat, close to 

beach rock belt, yielded the following species

Chrysopetalum ehlersi

Autolytus sp.

Haplosyllis spongicola

Exogoninae

Other syllids

Lysidice collaris

Nematonersis unicornis

Palola siciliensis

Arabella iricolor

Cirriformia semicincta

Dodecaceria laddi

Polyophthalmus pictus

Spirobranchus giganteus

Salmacina-]ike serpulids, in cavities in corals

jjo ibb w ibb DU lb/Tjy

30'

11°

20'

11°.

10'

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FIGUBE 172.— Map of Rongelap Atoll showing collecting localities.
628 BIKINI AND NEARBY ATOLLS, MARSHALL ISLANDS

RONGELAP ATOLL

The following species are listed according to the 

locality at which they were collected on the atoll. 

The collection localities are shown on figure 172.

KABELLE ISLAND

ENIAETOK ISLAND

Eurythoe complanata 

Phyllodoce pruvoti 

Eunice afra 

Platynereis dumerilii

RIGONMAN ISLAND

Ceratoneresis pachychaeta 

Palola, fragment 

Leiochrides? biceps

RONGELAP ISLAND

Odontosyllis hyalina 

Autclytus sp. 

Ceratonereis pachychaeta 

Chaetopterus sp. 

Loimia medusa

BUROK ISLAND, OUTER SIDE

Pseudonereis anomala 

Eunice antennata 

Palola siciliensis 

Aglaurides fulgida

BUROK ISLAND, SOUTH SIDE, OUTER REEF FLAT IN ALGAE

Thormora jukesii

BUROK ISLAND, LAGOON INTERTIDAL

Hesione genetta

16

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FIGURE 173. — Map of Rongerik Atoll showing collecting localities.

RONGERIK ATOLL

The following annelids were collected from the reefs 

near two of the islands of the Rongerik Atoll. The 

location of these islands is shown on figure 173.

LATOBACK ISLAND

Eunice antennata

BOCK ISLAND

Gastrolepidia clavigera 

Notcpygos hispidus? 

Eunice antennata

BOCK ISLAND, OUTER REEF, IN ALGAE

Phyllodoce pruvoti 

SYSTEMATIC LIST, WITH BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATIONS

The following species of marine annelids, which were 

found in the northern Marshall Islands, are systematically arranged; and each species is followed by a bibliographic citation, unless discussed in Systematic D*>- 

scriptions.

Family Polynoidae

Gastrolepidia clavigera Schmarda, 1861. Fauvel, 1932, v. 12,

p. 25 

Harmothoe imbricata? (Linnaeus), 1767. Fauvel, 1923, v. 5, p.

55. 

Hyperhalosydna striata (Kinberg), 1855. Fauvel, 1932, v. 12,

p. 26.

Lepidonotus cf. L. argus (Quatrefages), 1865. 

Paralepidonotus ampullifera (Grube), 1878. Okuda, 1940,

p. 6. (as Harmothoe). 

Thormora jukesii (Baird), 1865. Fauvel, 1932, v. 12, p. 16.

Family Palmyridae

Palmyra aurifera Savigny, 1818.

Family Chrysopetalidae

Bhawania cryptocephala Gravier, 1901. Monro, 1939, p. 172. 

Chrysopetalum ehlersi Gravier, 1901. Monro, 1939, p. 173.

Family Amphinomidae

Eurythoe complanata (Pallas), 1766. Okuda, 1940, p. 3. 

Notopygos hispidus? Potts, 1909. Potts, 1909, p. 359. 

Pseudeurythoe oculifera (Augener), 1913. Monro, 1939, p. 163.

Family Euphrosinidae

Euphrosine myrtosa Savigny, 1818. Fauvel, 1932, v. 12, 

p. 59.

Family Phyllodocidae

Anaitides madeirensis Langerhans, 1879. Okuda, 1937, p. 269.

sp.

Eulalia tenax Grube, 1878. Okuda, 1940, p. 8. 

Genetyllis gracilis (Kinberg), 1866. Monro, 1939, p. 173. 

Phyllodoce marcuesensis? Monro, 1939. Monro, 1939, p. 176.

pruvoti Fauvel, 1930. Fauvel, 1930, p. 512. 

Pterocirrus brevicornis Ehlers, 1905. Fauvel, 1917, p. 201.

Family Hesionidae

Hesione genetta Grube, 1866. Willey, 1905, p. 267. 

Irma? angustifrons Grube, 1878. Grube, 1878, p. 108. 

Leocrates chinensis Kinberg, 1866. Okuda, 1937, p. 270 (as 

L. claparedei).
MARINE ANNELIDS FROM THE NORTHERN MARSHALL ISLANDS 629

Family Pilargiidae 

Ancistrosyllis rigida Fauvel, 1919. Hartman, 1947b, p. 498.

Family Syllidae, subfamily Autolytinae

Family Syllidae, subfamily Exogoninae

Parasphaerosyllis indica Monro, 1937. Monro, 1937, p. 273. 

Sphaerosyllis sp.

Family Syllidae, subfamily Syllinae

Haplosyllis aberrans Fauvel, 1939. Fauvel, 1939, p. 290.

spongicola (Grube), 1855. Fauvel, 1932, p. 76. 

Odontosyllis hyalina? Grube, 1878. Monro, 1931, p. 12. 

Syttis gracilis Grube, 1840. Fauvel, 1932, p. 76. 

Trypanosyllis zebra (Grube), 1860. Okuda, 1937, p. 2V2. 

Typosyllis brachychaeta (Schmarda) 1861. Ehlers 1905, p. 19.

hyalina (Grube), 1863. Fauvel, 1923, p. 263.

variegata (Grube), 1860. Fauvel, 1932, p. 76.

spp.

Family Nereidae

Ceratonereis costae? (Grube), 1840. Fauvel, 1923, p. 349.

miraUlis Kinberg, 1866. Fauvel, 1932, p. 98.

pachychaeta Fauvel, 1918. Fauvel, 1919, p. 403. 

Neanthes dawydovi (Fauvel), 1937. Fauvel, 1937, p..297. 

Nereis zonata persica Fauvel, 1911. Fauvel, 1932, p. 96. 

Platynereis dumerilii (Audouin and Edwards), 1833. Fauvel, 

1923, p. 359.

polyscalma Chamberlin, 1919. Fauvel, 1932, p. 114. 

Pseudonereis anomala Gravier, 1901. Gravier, 1901, p. 191.

gallapagensis Kinberg, 1866. Fauvel, 1932, p. 111.

Family Eunicidae 

Eunice afra Peters, 1854. Okuda, 1937, p. 276.

anlennata (Savigny), 1818. Okuda, 1937, p. 282.

johnsoni Hartman, n. sp.

(Nicidiori) gracilis Crossland, 1904. Crossland, 1904, p. 327. 

Lysidice collaris Grube, 1870. Fauvel, 1932, p. 143. 

Nematonereis unicornis Schmarda, 1861. Okuda, 1937, p. 290. 

Palola siciliensis (Grube), 1840. Okuda, 1937, p. 280 (as

Eunice). 

Paramarphysa orientalis Willey, 1905. Okuda, 1937, p. 287.

Family Lumbrineridae

Lumbrineris latreilli Audouin and Edwards, 1833. Fauvel,

1923, p. 431. 

sphaerocephala (Schmarda), 1861. Fauvel, 1932, p. 152.

Family Arabellidae

Arabella tricolor (Montagu), 1804. Fauvel, 1932, p. 158. 

mutans (Chamberlin), 1919. Crossland, 1924, p. 71 (as

A. novecrinita). 

Drilonereis cf. D. major Crossland, 1924.

Family Lysaretidae

Aglaurides fulgida (Savigny), 1818. Okuda, 1937, p. 289.

Family Dorvilleidae

Dorvillea gardineri Crossland, 1924. Crossland, 1924, p. 93. 

similis Crossland, 1924. Crossland, 1924, p. 100.

Family Glyceridae

Glycera tesselata Grube, 1863. Fauvel, 1923, p. 389. 

sp.

Family Sphaerodoridae

Sphaerodorum pacificum Hartman, n. sp.

Family Orbiniidae 

Naineris sp.

Family Spionidae

Laonice cirrata? (Sars), 1851. Fauvel, 1927, p. 38. 

Polydora cf. P. armata Langerhans, 1880.

spp. 

Spio sp.

Family Chaetopteridae 

Chaetopterus sp.

Mesochaetopterus minutus Potts, 1914. Okuda, 1935, p. 98. 

Phyllochaetopterus pictus Crossland, 1903. Crossland, 1903,

p. 174 and Fauvel, 1932, p. 177 (as P. socialis). 

cf. P. ramosus Willey, 1905.

Family Cirratulidae 

Cirratulus sp. 

Cirriformia semicincta (Ehlers), 1905. Okuda, 1937, p. 297

(as Audouinia). 

Dodecaceria laddi Hartman, n. sp.

Family Arenicolidae

Branchiomaldane vincenti Langerhans, 1881. Fauvel, 1927, 

p. 166.

Family Opheliidae

Armandia lanceolata Willey, 1905. Willey, 1905, p. 288. 

Polyophthalmus pictus (Dujardin), 1839. Michaelsen, 1892 

(as P. longisetis).

Family Capitellidae

Dasybranchus caducus (Grube), 1846. Okuda, 1937, p. 300.

lumbricoides Grube, 1878. Hartman, 1947, p. 431. 

Leiochrides? biceps Hartman, n. sp.

Family Terebellidae 

Amphitritides sp. 

Eupolymnia irigonostoma (Schmarda). Willey, 1905, p. 300

(as Polymnia triplicata). 

Leaena minuta Hartman, n. sp.

Loimia medttsa (Savigny), 1818. Willey, 1905, p. 302. 

Poly cirrus cf. P. medius Hessle, 1917. 

Terebella ehrenbergif Grube, 1870. Fauvel, 1932, p. 226.

Family Sabellidae

Fabricia bikinii Hartman, n. sp.

Hypsicomus phaetaenia (Schmarda), 1861. Okuda, 1937,

p. 305. 

Sabella notata Grube, 1878. Willey, 1905, p. 310 (as Eurato).

Family Serpulidae

Eupomatus albiceps Grube, 1870. Willey, 1905, p. 312. 

Hydroides multispinosa Marenzeller, 1884. Haswell, 1884,

p. 660 (as Eupomatus elegans). 

Salmacina sp. 

Serpula sp.

Spirobranchus giganteus (Pallas), 1766. Fauvel, 1932, p. 244. 

Spirorbids, dextral. 

Spirorbids, sinistral. 

Vermiliopsis sp.
630 BIKINI AND NEAKBY ATOLLS, MAKSHALL ISLANDS

SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS

Order POLYCHAETA

Family POLYNOIDAE

Genus 6ASTROLEPIDIA Schmarda

Gastrolepidia clavigera Schmarda, 1861 

Figure 174-B-B

This curious, distinctly South Pacific polynoid comes 

from Bikini, Rongelap, and Eniwetok Atolls, where it is 

associated with the holothurian Stichopus horrens 

Selenka, or Holothuria gyrifer Selenka at Eniwetok 

Atoll. Its unique features include the highly modified 

ventrum in which fleshly, scutelike processes are segmentally arranged from the first postoral segment; 

these resemble ventrally attached elytra (fig. 174-5). 

Notopodia and neuropodia have well-developed setae 

of characteristic form. Notosetae (fig. 174-(7, D) are 

long, straight, number 12 to 15 in a fascicle, and are 

supported by yellow acicula that occur singly; they are 

capped distally by a delicate hood, and their lateral 

sides have platelike processes in orderly arrangement. 

Neuropodial setae are of two kinds, including a supraacicular bundle of 8 to 10 slenderer, straight, spinous 

setae and 13 or more subacicular, distally falcate, 

thicker setae (fig. I74-E) supported by a single yellow 

aciculum.

Potts (1910, p. 341) found the species associated 

with two kinds of holothurians (Holothuria maculata 

and a white species of Actinopyga) and a crab.

Genus LEPIDONOTUS Leach 

Lepidonotus sp. cf. L. argus (Quatrefages)

A single specimen comes from an outer reef of Bock 

island, Rongerik Atoll. It measures about 20 millimeters long and nearly 8 millimeters wide, with parapodia. Elytra are closely imbricated and cover the 

dorsum except for a short anterior middorsal stripe. 

Elytra are large, oval, and have entire margin; each 

has a large dark spot near its middle; the outer margins 

are strewn with semicircular microtubercles. On the 

prostomium the anterior eyes are at the sides near the 

middle of the lobe. Posterior eyes are largely concealed 

by a pair of forwardly projecting, triangular nuchal 

lobes that arise from the front margin of the first segment. The few notosetae are in a bundle, short, blunt 

at the tip, and weakly spinous along the sides. Neuropodia are much larger than notopodia and have full 

series of falcate yellow hooks that are distally entire. 

On the elytra the microtubercles are not ornamented as 

they are in L. argus (Fauvel, 1917, pi. 4, fig. 9), hence, 

the approximate identity.

Family PALMYRIDAE 

Genus PALMYRA Savigny

Palmyra aurifera Savigny 

Figure 174-A

Four specimens come from crevices of coralline algae 

at Eniwetok Atoll. The length is about 34 millimeters 

and width about 9 millimeters with setae. There are 

30 segments; this is presumed to be the full complement 

since at least some of these individuals are ovigerous 

(this is also the number of segments originally described). 

The details of the prostomium and accessory parts are 

difficult to find unless one dissects into the region between the first few segments. These, together with 

the first segment are withdrawn so that only the distal 

ends of the long palpi and tip of facial tubercle are seen. 

On complete exposure (fig. 174-^1) the prostomium is 

seen as a subrectangular lobe; its anterior margin has 

a thick median antenna consisting of a papillated base 

and two slenderer articles in tandem. The 4 eyes are 

on a pair of elevated lobes, with the 2 eyes of a side 

nearly coalescent. The large conical facial tubercle 

extends forward like a snout. The first segment is 

appressed at the sides of the prostomium; its dorsal 

and ventral cirri resemble the distal end of the prostomial antenna, hence, its occasional confusion as part 

of the prostomium. The paleae of the first segment are 

fewer and much smaller than those farther back. The 

second segment resembles those behind. These parts 

are shown in figure I74-A.

Palmyra aurifera was originally described from Mauritius (as Isle de France). Grube (1878, p. 14) described 

a form with 37 segments from the Philippine Islands, 

and Augener (1913, p. 80) had a similar one from the 

Gilbert Islands (as Kings-Mills Islands). It may be 

doubted that they are the same.

Family PHYLLODOCIDAE 

Genus PHYLLODOCE Ranzani

Phyllodoce pruvoti Fauvel 

Figure 175-D, G-I

Specimens come from Yomyaran and Bokonfuaaku 

islands, Bikini Atoll; Eniaetok island, Rongelap Atoll; 

and south end of Eniwetok island, Eniwetok Atoll. 

All are very long and slender, measuring 50 to 70 

centimeters long. When preserved the color is dark, 

gray blue to nearly black, and dorsal cirri are surrounded by a paler border. Intersegmental bands are 

also dark or somewhat paler. The prostomium is 

broadly hexagonal and has a minute papilla at its postmedian incision. The proboscis is long, cylindrical, 

and covered for most of its length with small, dispersed
MARINE ANNELIDS FROM THE NORTHERN MARSHALL ISLANDS 631

J

D

FIGURE 174.—Palmyra aurifera Savigny (p. 630) and Gastrolepidia clavigera Schmarda (p. 630), both from Eniwetok Atoll.

A, Palmyra aurifera Savigny anterior end, in dorsal view with prostomium and first segment pulled forward to show details and associations of parts, X 26.

B, Gastrolepidia clavigera Schmarda, anterior end in ventral view, showing relations of prostomium and segmental ventral scutes within 

parapodial bases, X 8.5.

C, Gastrolepidia clavigera, distal end of a notopodial seta, showing hyaline cap and lateral scalelike processes, X 2,130.

D, Gastrolepidia clavigera, a notopodial seta from median parapodium, showing entire ornamented region, X 284.

E, Gastrolepidia clavigera, a neuropodial seta from median parapodium, in lateral view, X 419.
632 BIKINI AND NEARBY ATOLLS, MARSHALL ISLANDS

FIGURE 175.—Eunice johnsoni Hartman, n. sp. (p. 633;, from Bikini Atoll; and Phyllodoce prusoti Fauvel (p. 630), from Eniwetok Atoll. 

A, Eunice johnsoni, 34th parapodium in anterior view, X 51. 

B, Eunice johnsoni, 34th parapodium in posterior view, X 51. 

C, Eunice johnsoni, hooded hook from 34th parapodium, X 924. 

D, Phyllodoce pruvoti, parapodium from a median segment in anterior view, X 36. 

E, Eunice johnsoni, comb-seta from a posterior parapodium, X 1,056. 

F, Eunice johnsoni, subcicular hook in lateral view, X 528.

O, Phyllodoce pruvoti, composite seta from a median parapodium, seen from cutting edge, X 1,100. 

H, Phyllodoce pruvoti, composite seta seen from edge opposite cutting edge; X 1,100. 

/, Phyllodoce pruvoti, composite seta in three-quarter view, X 1,100.
MABINE ANNELIDS FROM THE NORTHERN MARSHALL ISLANDS 633

papillae. On the parapodia the ventral cirri are distally 

rounded (fig. 175-Z?) not pointed; dorsal cirri are broad 

and somewhat imbricated; those in front are a little 

smaller than those in back but otherwise similar. The 

setae have a shaft that is dentate at its longer free 

margin (fig. 175-6?, /) and smooth at its shorter one 

(fig. 175-H); in three-quarter view the articulation is 

seen as a transverse slit. The setal appendage is short 

and distally pointed. The specimens were associated 

with coralline masses.

Family HESIONIDAE 

Genus IRMA Grube

Irma? angustifrons Grube

A single specimen comes from Bikini Atoll. Many 

of the parapodial cirri have dropped their appendages. 

The buccal region has bases of 8 instead of 6 (Grube, 

1878, p. 108) pairs of tentacular cirri. The prostomium 

has a pair of longer frontal antennae and a median one 

that is somewhat shorter and inserted between the bases 

of paired ones. The body is long and consists of many 

segments, if one may regard the two pieces in the collection as parts of a single individual.

Family SYLLIDAE 

Subfamily AUTOIYTINAE

Fragments of small syllids belonging to this subfamily 

originate from Rigili island, Eniwetok Atoll, lagoon 

side, from blocks on the reef flat; specimens were also 

collected at Rongelap Atoll.

Subfamily EXOGONINAE

In addition to Parasphaerosyllis indica Monro, from 

Eniwetok Atoll, and Sphaerosyllis sp. (below), there are 

several lots originating from the seaward sides of Lidilbut, Muti, and Parry islands, in old coral heads and in 

Lithothamnia colonies. Another is from Rongelap 

island, Rongelap Atoll. Individuals measure about 1 

to 2.5 millimeters long. One adult female, from Parry 

island, has ova attached on the ventrolateral side; it 

measures 1.3 millimeters long and consists of about 24 

segments. Several from Japtan island, also minute, 

appear to belong to Brania. The prostomial antennae 

and dorsal cirri are clavate; buccal segment has two 

pairs of tentacular cirri. Ova are externally attached 

to the dorsolateral side. The palpi are fused medially, 

except for a short, free, slender tip.

Sphaerosyllis sp.

Two come from Muti island, Eniwetok Atoll, seaward side, in Lithothamnia colonies. The surface epithelium is diffusely papillated, as characteristic of the 

genus. There is a single pair of tentacular cirri. Palpi

are completely fused at their median margins, leaving 

only an obscure distal incision. The prostomium has 

2 pairs of eyes, with the 2 of a side somewhat coalescent. 

The pharyngeal barrelet, seen through the body wall, is 

short and extends through a single segment.

Subfamily SYLLINAE 

Typosyllis spp.

Many individuals originate from various parts of 

Eniwetok Atoll, sorted from old coral heads, colonies 

of coralline masses, and other detritus. They cannot 

be identified with the species named in the charts above, 

and some may represent undescribed forms. Some 

individuals are perhaps members of other genera in the 

subfamily Syllinae.

Family EUNICIDAE 

Genus EUNICE Cuvier

Eunice johnsoni, n. sp. 

Figure 175-A-C, E, F .

A single individual comes from Bikini AtolL It consists of an anterior region of 34 segments that measures 

21 millimeters long and a posterior, a possibly continuous piece several times as long. There is no pigmented 

pattern on the dorsum; the body is uniformly yellow 

orange. The prostomium is clearly bifid at its anterior 

margin. The five antennae are nearly smooth and 

distally slightly thickened or clavate. The median 

antenna is longest and reaches back to about the fourth 

setiger; the outermost are shortest, measuring about 

half as long as the median one. Paired eyes are located 

at the posterior base of the outermost antennae; they 

are dark and circular with a disklike white lens.

The peristomial ring is as long as the next three segments together; it is smooth except for the insertion of 

the paired cirri at its posterior fourth. The cirri are 

about two-thirds as long as the peristomium. Branchiae 

are first present from the twenty-fourth setiger, at first 

they are tiny, then increase rapidly in size so that by 

segment 34 there are 6 or 7 clubbed filaments in irregular dichotomous (fig. 175-vA, B) arrangement. The 

maximum development is at the middle of the body 

where the filaments attain a number of 8 to 10. 

Branchiae are present through a long region; they 

gradually diminish and disappear at about the 20th 

segment. A conspicuous feature is the irregular 

dichotomy and the variable number of filaments on 

successive segments.

The first parapodia are smaller than those farther 

back; they have a small fascicle of pointed setae above 

and hooded hooks below. The second is larger, and 

there is gradual increase in size going back. The first 

30 segments have pointed setae and composite hooded
634 BIKINI AND NEARBY ATOLLS, MARSHALL ISLANDS

hooks in addition to yellow acicula. At segment 31 a 

single subacicular hook is present in the inferiormost 

position, and thereafter comb-setae are present in the 

uppermost part of the fascicle.

Dorsal cirri of the first 34 segments are long, cylindrical, and extend out beyond the setal tips. In about 

the middle segments they are shorter and surpassed by 

some branchial filaments (fig. 175-A). Ventral cirri of 

the first three segments are short, cylindrical, and only 

gradually come to have a padlike base, which is developed after the 10th segment. Anal cirri consist of 

a pair of ventral cylindrical processes that are as long 

as the last few segments; their distal ends are slightly 

clavate. Hooded hooks are distally bidentate with the 

main and accessory fangs as shown in figure 175-C. 

Subacicular hooks are bidentate and hooded (fig. 

175-F). Comb-setae occur in posterior segments; they 

have the proportions shown in figure 175-E.

The pharyngeal apparatus, seen by dissection, consists of a pair of large, medially fused mandibles and 

paired maxillary plates. The basal pieces together are 

longer than wide. Maxilla I is long, distally curved; 

II has 4 teeth on the right, and 4 on the left side; III 

has 7 teeth right and 7 left; IV has none right and 4 

teeth left.

Holotype, USNM 24717.

E. johnsoni approaches E. investigatoris Fauvel (1932, 

p. 137, fig. 19), from the Persian Gulf, in having 

branchiae that are irregularly branched. In the latter, 

however, branchiae are first present from the sixth, 

instead of twenty-fourth segment; ventral cirri are 

digitate on 5 or 6 segments; whereas, in E. johnsoni the 

padlike form is developed gradually, commencing after 

segment 10. E. johnsoni shows resemblance to E. afra 

Peters, but the latter has black to brown, not yellow 

acicula; branchiae are not furcated, and the epithelium 

is characterized by fine punctate spots.

It is a pleasure to name this species for its collector, 

Dr. Martin W. Johnson.

Lysidice collaris Grube 

Figure 176-B

One individual from Bikini Atoll has an abnormal 

prostomium and the median antenna is curiously furcated (fig. 176-5).

Family ARABELLIDAE

Genus DRILONEREIS Claparede

Drilonereis sp. cf. D. major Crossland

One comes from outer reef, Namu island, Bikini 

Atoll. It is over 70 millimeters long and very slender. 

The first 10 to 12 parapodia are minute; thereafter, 

they gradually enlarge. At first they are low papillae 

from which the setae emerge. Farther back the postsetal lobe comes to be triangular, but it never extends 

beyond the setal tips. Yellow acicular spines are 

emergent at about the twelfth parapodium; they come 

to project obliquely downward between segments 18 

to 24 and are most conspicuous in the anterior third to 

middle region of the body. Tips of acicula are clear 

yellow, not dark as in D. major Crossland. The prostomium is depressed, semicircular, with a dark smudgelike spot near the postmedian position. There are 

embedded spots, possibly eyes, visible in the first 

body ring. On the jaws the forceps lack teeth at the 

base; maxillae II have 4 teeth on a side; III Have the 

same number of teeth as II, but each piece is much 

smaller; IV has 3 teeth on a side with the distalmost 

tooth much the largest. Mandibles are lacking.

This species differs from D. major Crossland in the 

color of parapodial acicula, in having embedded eyespots in the first segment, and in having the maxillary 

plates of the second and third pairs different. D. 

planiceps (Grube) from the Philippine Islands, differs 

in the same respects.

Family GLYCERIDAE

Genus GLYCERA Savigny

Glycera sp.

One comes from Lidilbut island, Eniwetok Atoll, 

seaward side, from reef edge, associated with Lithothamnia. Parapodia have single, long postsetal lobes, 

resembling those of G. capitata Oersted not G. tesselata 

Grube. The aileron of the jaw apparatus has two 

widely divergent distal pieces, as in G. tesselata Grube. 

There are no branchiae.

Family SPHAERODORIDAE 

Genus SPHAERODORUM Oersted 

Sphaerodorum pacificum, n> sp. 

Figure 176-A; Figure 177-7, /

Two individuals come from Lidilbut island, Eniwetok 

Atoll, seaward side, reef edge, in Lithothamnia colonies. 

The smaller one measures 3 millimeters long and 

about 0.2 millimeter wide; it consists of about 50 

segments. The other somewhat larger individual has 

about 56 segments; its surface epithelium is somewhat 

obscured by coralline debris. In both, the surface is 

dorsally papillated, with four longitudinal rows of 

papillae (fig. 176-A); the ventrum is flat and smooth. 

The pharyngeal barrelet is visible through the body 

wall as a short, oval, muscularized organ about onesixth of the way along the alimentary tract. The 

segmental papillae are in orderly arrangement along the 

body length; they number four in a row in all segments 

but the first, where the outer pair is lacking. Each 

papilla consists of a broad circular basal part and a 

minute distal extension (fig. 177-7).
MARINE ANNELIDS FROM THE NORTHERN MARSHALL ISLANDS 635

r^^'-,

"

FIGUEE 176.—-4, Sphaerodorum pacificum Hartman, n. sp., (p. 634), from Eniwetok Atoll. Entire animal in dorsal view, X 106. 

B, Lysidice collaris Grube (p. 634), from Bikini Atoll. Anterior end of abnormal individual, showing divided median antenna,

X37. 

C, Dodecaceria laddi Hartman, n. sp. (p. 638), from Eniwetok Atoll. Anterior end, including first 9 setogerous segments, in

dorsal view, X 75.
636 BIKINI AND NEAEBY ATOLLS, MARSHALL ISLANDS

FIGTJBE IT?.—Leiochrides? biceps Hartman, n. sp. (p. 638), from Rongelap Atoll; Dodecaceria laddi Hartman, n. sp. (p. 638), from 

Eniwetok Atoll; and Sphaerodorum pacificum Hartman, n, sp. (p. 634), from Eniwetok Atoll. 

A, Leiochrides? biceps, anterior end including first 2 setigerous segments, in dorsal view, X 9.5. 

B, Leiochrides? biceps, cross section of a median abdominal segment, showing position of uncinial ridges, X 12. 

C, Leiochridesf biceps, hooded hook from a median abdominal uncinus, X 1,080. 

D, Dodecaceria laddi, neuropodial hook from a far posterior segment, X 1,404. 

E, Dodecaceria laddi, notopodial hook from a far posterior segment, X 1,404. 

F, Dodecaceria laddi, notopodial hook from an anterior (12th) segment, X 1,404. 

G, Dodecaceria laddi, notopodial hook from 12th segment, X 1,404. 

H, Dodecaceria laddi, pointed seta from an anterior segment, X 1,404. 

/, Sphaerodorum pacificum, median parapodium in anterior view, X 742. 

J, Sphaerodorum pacificum, a composite hook from a median parapodium, X 8,940.
MARINE ANNELIDS FROM THE NORTHERN MARSHALL ISLANDS

The anterior end is broadly rounded, with a minute 

ocular lobe visible between similar paired lobes; these 

lack parapodial parts. The two eyes are small dark 

spots near the frontal margin. The oral aperture is 

on the ventral side near the margin of the first parapodial segment.

Parapodial setal fascicles are seen only from below, 

owing to the development of lateral, shieldlike processes 

that are developments of the outer body wall. Setae 

are of a single kind, consisting of composite falcigerous 

hooks in bundles of 8 to 15 and supported by a single 

aciculum (fig. 177-7). Each hook consists of a smooth 

shaft, articulating with a sharply curved appendage 

that is smooth at its cutting edge (fig. 177-J).

Holotype, USNM 24718.

This species is clearly distinguishable from other 

members of the small genus Sphaerodorum Oersted by 

the character of the prostomium, the long body, the 

number of longitudinal rows of papillae, and the sharply 

curved parapodial hooks.

Family ORBINIIDAE 

Genus NAINERIS Blainville

Naineris sp.

One comes from Bogon island, seaward side, another 

from Parry island, seaward side, in coral head, both 

from Eniwetok Atoll. Though small, measuring only 

about 3.9 millimeters long, one may be an adult male 

individual, with the gonadial region showing through 

the body wall from segments 19 to 27. Branchiae 

are present from the eighth se tiger to the end of the 

body, or near it. The prostomium is rounded at its 

anterior margin.

Family SPIONIDAE

Genus IA 0 NICE Malmgren

laonice cirrata? (Sars)

One comes from Lidilbut island, seaward, reef edge, 

in Lithothamnia colonies: another is from between 

Lidilbut and Elugelab islands, lagoon side, Eniwetok 

Atoll. The prostomial crest and median antenna are 

conspicuous, as is typical of the species. Though 

hardly 6 millimeters long, the genital pouches are 

developed along the sides of the body. The identity 

is questioned because L. cirrata (Sars) is a colder water 

form.

Genus POLYDORA Bosc 

Polydora spp.

Small individuals come from coralline and coral 

debris in intertidal zones from various parts of Eniwetok 

Atoll. Some originating from Lidilbut island, seaward 

side, reef edge, are deeply embedded in coral rock and 

thus boring; they resemble P. armata Langerhans in 

having a comparable armature of light-yellow, acicular

637

spinous bundles in posterior segments. They differ 

from typical P. armata by having branchiae on a larger 

number of segments. The prostomium appears to lack 

eyespots.

Some other individuals, also representatives of the 

genus Polydora, lack posterior spines, and branchiae 

are present on many segments.

Genus SPIO Fabricius 

Spio sp.

Three individuals come from Parry island, Eniwetok 

Atoll, seaward, from within old coral heads. Branchiae 

are present from the first setiger to the ends of the pieces. 

Though small, measuring only about 3.9 millimeters 

long, there are large ova in the body cavity. Segments 

number more than 30 (a short posterior end may be 

lacking). Notopodia have only pointed setae. Neuropodia have pointed setae and hooded hooks. The 

hooks are first present singly in neuropodia of the 

eighth setiger; they come to number 3 in the ninth 

segment and increase to 4 farther back, where they are 

accompanied by pointed setae located in the superior 

part of the fascicle.

Family CHAETOPTERIDAE 

Genus CHAETOPTERUS Cuvier

Chaetopterus sp.

A single individual comes from Rongelap island, 

Rongelap Atoll, in lagoon on an anchor, June 1, 1946, 

collected by Martin Johnson. There is no tube. 

Length is about 25 millimeters and width is nearly 10 

millimeters across at the tenth, or aliform segment.. In 

front of this, the body measures about 6 millimeters with 

and 3 millimeters without parapodia. The anterior end 

is broad, slightly depressed with the peristomial margin 

extending around the ventrum and sides as a conspicuous, collarlike ring. The first three segments have 

distally pointed setae. Their parapodia are somewhat 

shorter than those farther back and directed upward 

at the distal ends. The fourth segment has a transverse 

series of dark-brown heavy hooks, numbering about 

eight in a transverse series, and a more superior series 

of distally pointed setae. The middorsum, behind the 

prostomium, has a median nuchal papilla.

G. appendiculatus Grube, described by Willey (1905, 

p. 291) from Ceylon has a similar, very large aliform 

notopodium; it also had 10 anterior segments. The 

specimen from Rorgelap may belong to this species.

Genus PHYILOCHAETOPTERUS Grube 

Phyllochaetopterus cf. P. ramosus Willey

One comes from Bikini, another from Enirik island, 

Bikini Atoll. The first is nearly entire, encased in a
638 BIKINI AND NEARBY ATOLLS, MARSHALL ISLANDS

long, slender, cylindrical tube that is about 80 millimeters long and 2 millimeters wide. The tube is 

chitinized within and externally covered with a layer of 

uniform, small white granules. The animal is about 

1.2 millimeters wide in front. Its anterior end has a 

pair of very long palpi that are transversely barred with 

dark pigment. Two much shorter tentacular processes 

are farther back; they overlap one another at the 

posterior margin of the prostomium.

The prostomium is rounded in front; it has a pair of 

longitudinally elongated eyespots at the postlateral 

margins. The first three segments are sharply set off 

from the rest of the body by the modified fourth one. 

The latter has a single pair of heavy spines and small 

superior, and smaller inferior, fascicles of pointed setae 

that resemble those of the first three segments. The 

next 10 segments have pointed setae only. After this 

the character of parapodia changes so that there are 

long dorsal lobes.

The individual from Bikini island has 14 anterior 

segments, as described above; the one from Enirik 

island has only 4, not 10, segments with pointed setae 

but resembles it in other respects.

Family CIRRATULIDAE 

Genus CIRRATULUS Lamarck

Cirratulus sp.

Three small immature individuals come from Lidilbut 

island, Eniwetok Atoll, seaward, from old coral heads. 

They are translucent and measure about 5 millimeters 

long. The prostomium is depressed and broadly 

spatulate and has a pair of conspicuous dark eyespots 

at its outer lateral margins. The buccal region is 

smooth and long. The first setigerous segment has 

3 or 4 pairs of long tentacular cirri on a side, widely 

separated from each other middorsally. The cirri are 

limited to anterior segments. Median and posterior 

parapodia have transverse series of pale-yellow spines 

alternating with longer pointed setae.

Genus DODECACERIA Oersted 

Dodecaceria laddi, n. sp. 

Figure 176-C, 177-D-H

Numerous individuals come from white corallines and 

dead coral clumps, deeply embedded in calcareous 

masses. Extrication is difficult because of the small 

size of the worm and the tortuous narrow galleries that 

are constructed. The worms are easily seen because 

they are dark-green to black and against a paler matrix. 

Length of the body is 5 to 10 millimeters; width is about 

0.5 millimeter or less. Number of segments is 60 to 70. 

Preserved the color is dark fuscous-green to gray or 

brown; the anterior tentacles and palpi are paler.

The prostomium is a depressed conical lobe, separated from the buccal region by a transverse groove 

(fig. 176-(7); eyes have not been seen. The oral aperture is visible on the ventral side as a triangular depression between the prostomium and buccal region. 

The first segment behind the buccal ring has a pair of 

thick, longitudinally grooved palpi that are inserted 

ventrolaterally and a pair of slenderer, shorter tentacles 

inserted immediately above, at the sides of the body.

The next segment is the first setigerous; it has, in 

addition to the biramous setal fascicles, a pair of filamentous tentacles, or one of the pair is lacking (fig.

176-C). There are no other tentacles; this species is 

thus characterized for the presence of a very limited 

number of tentacles.

The first 7 segments have only slender, pointed setao 

with up to 3 or 4 in a fascicle. From the eighth setiger 

there are simple yellow hooks in notopodia and neuropodia, usually accompanied by a few pointed setae; 

these continue to the end of the body. In the eighth 

setiger there are 2 notohooks and 2 neurohooks accompanied by one or more setae in each parapodium. 

Farther back there are 3 to 4 notohooks or also several 

setae, and 3 to 5 neurohooks with fewer setae. The 

pointed setae are delicately serrated along one side 

(fig. 177-fl). The hooks of anterior notopodia (fig.

177-60 resemble those of the corresponding neuropodia 

(fig. 177-F) except that they are a little slenderer and 

usually smooth. Farther back the neurohooks come 

to be increasingly stronger and acquire a strong lateral 

boss; the notohooks diminish in size and lack the 

lateral process. In far posterior segments, the proportions of neurohooks (fig. 177-D) and notohooks (fig. 

177-E) are visibly different.

Holotype, USNM 24719; paratype, USNM 24720.

D. laddi differs from other species of the genus in the 

presence of few lateral tentacles and in the arrangements of the parapodial hooks. It belongs to the group 

that bores into living or dead calcareous masses.

Family CAPITELLIDAE

Genus LEIOCHRIDES Augener

Leiochrides? biceps n. sp.

Figure 177-A-C

A single individual, posteriorly incomplete, comes 

from Rigonman island, Rongelap Atoll, shore, June 17, 

1946, collected by Martin Johnson. It is closely coiled, 

measures about 40 millimeters long and 9 millimeters 

across. It consists of the prostomium, thorax, and 

about 74 abdominal segments which are closely crowded 

and much contracted. The prostomium is somewhat 

withdrawn into the first body ring. By pushing back 

the first segment it is seen as a deeply incised lobe 

(fig. 177-^1); there are no visible eyes.
MARINE ANNELIDS PROM THE NORTHERN MARSHALL ISLANDS 639

The entire thoracic epithelium is finely areolated, a 

characteristic not shared by the other few species of the 

genus Leiochrides (see Hartman, 1947 a, p. 429). The 

first segment is a smooth, apodous ring. The 12 segments which follow have fascicles of pointed setae in 

notopodia and neuropodia. Transition from thorax to 

abdomen is apparent chiefly for the change from setae 

in the thorax to hooks in the abdomen. The areolation 

of the epithelium also ceases behind the thorax.

Abdominal segments are biannulate, with uncinial 

ridges at about the middle of the segment. Notopodial 

ridges are long and located at the dorsoectal position, 

the two of a pair widely separated middorsally; the 

corresponding neuropodial ridges are nearly ventral in 

position (fig. 177-5) and best seen in ventral view; 

the two of a pair are widely separated by a midventral 

space. These proportions diminish with decreasing 

body width. No branchiae were found; the anal end 

likewise cannot be described since it is lacking, hence 

the questionable generic status.

Abdominal notopodia and neuropodia are provided 

with long-handled, distally hooded hooks (fig. 177-<7). 

Each has a main fang nearly at right angles to the 

shaft and surmounted by three smaller teeth.

Holotype, USNM 24721.

This species differs from other species of Leiochrides, 

as also most capitellids, in having a prostomium that 

is deeply bifid, although in its setigerous formula it 

belongs to this group. In this respect it follows the 

pattern of Scyphoproctus Gravier, but the latter has a 

unique posterior end. Its generic status might be 

more definitely assigned when the anal end is made 

known.

Family TEREBELLIDAE 

Genus AMPHITRITIDES Augener

Amphitritides sp.

One comes from outer reef flats, Bock island, Rongerik 

Atoll, June 1946, collected by M. W. Johnson. 

The tentacles are checkered, each filament crossed by 

alternating light and dark bands. There are two pairs of 

branchiae, each one greatly ramified, with long 

branches; the first pair exceed the second in size. The 

body consists of 17 thoracic and a greater number of 

abdominal segments. There are no eyespots at the 

base of the tentacles. Anterior segments lack lateral 

lappets. Thoracic notosetae are distally pectinate. 

The first thoracic setae are present from the first 

postbranchial segment and uncini begin on the following segment.

This differs from A. bruneo-comata (Ehlers) from 

West Indian, Panamanian, and Galapagos localities 

(Monro, 1933, p. 10) in that the thorax has only

17, not about 27, segments, and the branchial filaments 

are proportionately long, not short.

Genus IEAENA Malmgren

leaena minuta, n. sp.

Figure 178-B, H

Seven individuals come from Parry island, Eniwetok 

Atoll, seaward, from coral head on a flat. They are 

very small, measure only 7 millimeters or less long 

and less than a millimeter across but are ovigerous, 

presumably adults. They are colorless or somewhat 

yellow and have reddish ova that show through the 

abdominal epithelium. Lateral lappets and eyespots 

are lacking.

The anterior end has about 10 long, smooth tentacles 

and 2 much shorter ones on each side; the lateralmost 

are the shortest. There are 14 segments provided with 

long, limbate setae, and uncini are present from the 

second setiger. Uncini occur in single rows on 6 

segments (setigers 2 to 7) and in alternating double 

rows on the next 10 segments (setigers 8 to 17); thereafter, they are again in single rows. The single rows 

of anterior segments have about 18 in a row; double 

rows have about 21, alternating with one another so 

that the beaked epd is always distal; posterior single 

rows have about 6 in a row.

The distally pointed setae have a broadly limbate 

region which is smooth along its free edges (fig. 178- 

G, H); all resemble one another except that some are 

proportionately longer than others; they number 12 

or 14 in a fascicle, with the longer setae alternating 

with shorter ones. Uncini are short and thick, with a 

conspicuous fang best seen in lateral view (fig. 178-E) 

and surmounted by several transverse series of teeth 

(fig. 178-F).

The tube is mucoid and externally covered by a 

layer of foraminiferal sand; individuals are difficult to 

remove because of mucus and detritus.

Holotype, USNM 24722.

Leaena minuta differs from other species of this small 

genus in that lateral lappets are lacking; setae are 

present on 14 segments, and hooks are in double rows 

on setigerous segments 8 to 17.

Genus POLYCIRRUS Grube 

Poly cirrus sp. cf. P. medius Hessle

One comes from Enirik island, Bikini Atoll, collected 

by M. W. Johnson. Most of the tentacular cirri have 

fallen off, but the tentacular membrane is still intact as 

a broad base with the scars of many filaments. Thoracic 

notopodia number 12 pairs; they are long, laterally 

directed, and provided with bundles of long setae. 

There are more than 50 abdominal segments with
640 BIKINI AND NEARBY ATOLLS, MARSHALL ISLANDS

FIGURE 178.—Fabricia Kkinii Hartman, n. sp. (p. 641), from Bikini island, and Leaena minuta Hartman, n. sp. (p. < Atoll.

A, Fabricia bikinii, entire animal seen from the left side, X 441. 

B, Fabricia bikinii, abdominal hook in lateral view, X 4,050. 

C, Fabricia bikinii, abdominal hook seen from the front, X 4,050. 

D, Fabricia bikinii, thoracic long-handled hook in lateral view, X 2,812. 

E, Leaena minuta, thoracic hook seen from the side, X 3,627. 

F, Leaena minuta, thoracic hook seen from the front, X 3,627. 

O, Leaena minuta, shorter thoracic notoseta, seen from the broadest side, X 2,810. 

H, Leaena minuta, thoracic notoseta, seen from the narrowest side, X 2,810.

), from Eniwetok
MAKINE ANNELIDS FROM THE NORTHERN MARSHALL ISLANDS 641

series of typical hooks, and the ventrum has a long 

median groove. Ventral gland shields are inconspicuous; the first and second shields are separated 

from each other by a complete transverse segmental 

groove; each of these is narrow. Thereafter, the area 

of ventral glands is restricted to a narrow midventral 

band that extends back through the thoracic region for 

about a third its length.

Abdominal hooks are in single, crescentic series at the 

ends of the prolonged abdominal tori; they number as 

many as 12 in a series. Each hook has a single major 

fang surmounted by a pair of much smaller teeth, side 

by side, so that in lateral view it appears to have only 2 

instead of 3 teeth.

This differs from P. medius Hessle (1917, p. 225) 

from Japan in that the first and second gland shields are 

not fused together.

Family SABELLIDAE 

Genus FABRICIA Blainville

Fabricia bikinii, n. sp. 

Figure 178-A-D

Many come from Bikini island, Bikini Atoll, reef flat, 

in white coralline sands, Sept. 25, 1950, collected by 

K. O. Emery. The loosely constructed tubes of fine 

detritus are easily removed. Individuals are tiny, 

though mature, pale or white (preserved), except for the 

paired dark eyespots. Total length is 4-5 millimeters 

with a crown that measures about 1 millimeter long. 

The body consists of 8 thoracic and 3 abdominal 

setigerous segments. The tentacular crown is composed of three pairs of symmetrical radicles; in addition 

there are shorter, entire, paired filamentous processes, 

or palpi, at the ventral end of the crown (fig. 178-A). 

Each radicle has 6 to 8 pairs of slender filaments that 

arise along the basal half of the radiole; these filaments 

extend distally not quite as far as the radioles to which 

they are attached.

The thoracic collar is limited to a pair of small, 

dorsal lappets separated by a narrow middorsal groove. 

The lateral and ventral parts of the peristomium are 

abruptly oblique and show a narrow marginal ridge but 

no distinct collar; this ridge is continuous across the 

mid ventrum.

The first setigerous segment has 5 slender notosetae 

on a side; there are no neurosetae. The second has 5 

slender and a broader spatulate notoseta; its neuropodium has 7 long handled hooks (fig. 178-D). The 

third segment has 5 slender and 2 broader notosetae and 

8 neuropodial hooks; the fourth and fifth segments 

resemble the third. In the sixth segment the superior 

notosetae are somewhat spatulate and accompanied by 

two shorter, through similar ones below; there are 9

hooks in neuropodia. The seventh and eighth segments resemble the sixth. Abdominal notopodia have 

about 30 hooks in single series; their corresponding 

neuropodia have about 3 slender setae. Individual 

hooks are as shown in figure 178-5, C. One pair of 

eyes is located in the peristomial and another in the 

pygidial ring (fig. 17 8-A).

Holotype, USNM 24725.

The genus Fabricia has recently been reviewed 

(Hartman, 1951, p. 382-8). F. bikinii is unique in its 

small size, its oblique peristomial margin, and the 

details of abdominal hooks.

Family SERPULIDAE

Subfamily Serpulinae

Genus SERPULA Linnaeus

Serpula sp.

Individuals of this genus come from Eniwetok Atoll 

at Lidilbut, Bogon, and Muti islands, seaward side, associated with Lithothamnia and old coral heads. The 

tubes are white, cylindrical, and externally smooth or 

somewhat roughened by a superficial growth. On the 

animal the operculum is long stemmed, terminating 

distally in a cup with 16 marginal crenulations. 

The grooves of the crenulations extend nearly to the 

inner center of the calyx. The calyx and opercular 

stalk are separated by a bulbous region that abruptly 

extends to a short slender stalk supporting the cup.

The tubes are usually on coralline algae, associated 

with another serpulid, Eupomatus albiceps Grube. The 

tubes of the two are easily distinguished, because the 

latter has a longitudinally ridged tube; there are two 

stronger ridges separated from each other by several 

lesser ridges.

Genus VERMILIOPSIS St. Joseph 

Vermiliopsis sp.

Several individuals come from Eniwetok Atoll at 

the seaward sides of Muti and Lidilbut islands. The 

calcareous tubes are fully attached to the substratum; 

there are three longitudinal striae, not clearly raised, 

along their lengths. The operculum is on a simple 

cylindrical stalk and ends as a subglobular sphere that 

has a horny yellow cap at its end, or the cap is flattened, 

or greatly extended as a long, transversely divided cone.

Subfamily SPIRORBINAE

Numerous small white coils, both sinistral and dextral, 

are irregularly and usually sparsely dispersed on coralline and other calcareous clumps in localities at Eniwetok Atoll. They are more numerous in protected 

niches of corallines, or associated with a purple, coiled 

vermetid, or on the thick shells of living gastropod shells.
642 BIKINI AND NEARBY ATOLLS, MARSHALL ISLANDS

LITERATURE CITED

Augener, H., 1913, Die Fauna Siidwest-Australiens. Polychaeta 

Errantia: Herausgegeben von Michaelsen und Hartmeyer, 

Jena. Band 4, p. 65-304, 2 pis, 42 figs.

Clark, A. H., 1952, Echinoderms from the Marshall Islands: 

U. S. Natl. Mus. Proc., v. 102, p. 265-303.

Crossland, C., 1903, On the marine fauna of Zanzibar and British 

East Africa, from collections made by Cyril Crossland in the 

years 1901 and 1902, Polychaeta. Pt. 1: Zool. Soc. London 

Proc, p. 169-176, 2 pis.

———— 1904, On the marine fauna of Zanzibar and British East 

Africa, from collections made by Cyril Crossland in the 

years 1901 and 1902, pt. 2: Zool. Soc. London Proc., p. 

287-330, 3 pis.

———— 1924, Polychaeta of tropical East Africa, the Red Sea and 

Cape Verde Islands: Zool. Soc. London Proc., p. 1-106, 

126 figs.

————• 1927, Marine ecology and coral formations in the Panama 

region, the Galapagos and Marquesas Islands and the Atoll 

of Napuka: Royal Soc. Edinburgh Trans., v. 55, p. 534. 

1928, Coral reefs of Tahiti, Moorea, and Rarotonga:

Linnean Soc. London Jour., v. 36, p. 577-620, pis. 35-39,

14 figs. 

Ehlers, E., 1905, Neuseeandische Anneliden: Gesell. Wiss.

Gottingen, Math.-phys. KL, Abh., Band 3, p. 1-80, 9 pis. 

Fauvel, P., 1917, Ann&ides polychetes de I'Australie meridionale:

Archives de zoologie experiment ale ge"nerale, v. 56, p.

159-278, 6 pis., 2 charts.

———— 1919, Anne"lides polychetes de Madagascar, de Djibouti 

et du Golfe Persique: Archives de zoologie expe"rimentale 

ge"nerale, v. 58, p. 315-473, 3 pis.

———— 1923, Polychetes errantes: Faune de France, v. 5, p. 

1-488, 188 figs., Paris.

———— 1927, Polychetes sedentaires: Faune de France, v. 16, 

p. 1-494, 152 figs., Paris.

———— 1930, Annelides polychetes de nouvelle-Caledonie: 

Archives de zoologie expe"rimentale generate, v. 69, p. 

501-562, 9 figs., Paris.

———— 1932, Annelida Polychaeta of the Indian Museum: 

Mem. Indian Mus. Calcutta, v. 12, p. 1-262, 9 pis., 40 figs,

———— 1937, Deux ne're'idiens nouveaux d'lndochine: Soc. 

zool. Paris Bull., v. 62, p. 297-301, 2 figs.

1939, Annelides polychetes de 1'Indochine recueillies par

M. C. Dawydoff: Pont, accad. sci. Commentationes, ann.

3, p. 243-368, 7 figs. 

Fosberg, F. R., 1951, Ecological research on coral atolls: Natl.

Research Council Atoll Research Bull. 1, p. 6-8. 

Gardiner, J. S., 1903, The fauna and geography of the Maldive

and Laccadive Archipelagoes: v. 1, p. 1-400, 25 pis.,

Cambridge Univ. Press.

Gravier, C., 1901, Contribution a l'6tude des Annelides polychetes de la Mer Rouge: Paris Mus. d'Histoire naturelle

Archives, se"r. 4, v, 3, p. 147-268, 4 pis.

Grube, A. E., 1878, Annulata Semperiana: Acad. St. Petersburg

Mem., v. 25, 300 p., 15 pis. 

Hartman, Olga, 1947a, Polychaetous annelids—Capitellidae:

Hancock Pacific Exped., v. 10, p. 391-481, pis. 43-58, 1

chart. 

———— 1947b, Polychaetous annelids—Pilargiidae: Hancock

Pacific Exped., v. 10, p. 483-523, pis. 59-63.

1951, Fabricinae (feather-duster worms) in the Pacific:

Pacific Sci. Hawaii, v. 5, p. 379-391, 1 pi. 

Haswell, W., 1884, The marine annelids of the order Serpulea:

Linnean Soc. New South Wales Proc., v. 9, p. 649-675, 5 pis. 

Hessle, C., 1917, Zur Kenntnis der terebellomorphen Polychaeten: Uppsala Univ. Zool. Bidr., v. 5, p. 39-258, 66 figs., 5 pis. 

Michaelsen, W., 1892, Polychaeten von Ceylon: Hamburg Wiss.

Anstalten, Jahrbuch, Band 9, p. 1-23, 1 pi. 

Monroe, C. C. A., 1931, Polychaeta, Oligochaeta, Echiuroidea

and Sipunculoidea: British Mus. Nat. History, Sci. Rep. ;

v. 4, p. 1-37, 15 figs.

———— 1933, The Polychaeta Errantia of the S. Y. St. George: 

Zool. Soc. London, p. 1-96, 36 figs.

———— 1937, The John Murray Expedition, 1933-34—Scientific 

Reports, Polychaeta: v. 8, no. 8, p. 243-321, 28 figs.

1939, On Some tropical polychaetes—Families Amphinomidae to Phyllodocidae: Annals and Mag. Nat. History,

llth ser., v. 4, p. 161-184, 7 figs. 

Morrison, Joseph P. E., 1951, Atoll research in zoology: Natl.

Research Council Atoll Research Bull. 1, p. 16-17. 

Okuda, S., 1935, Chaetopterids from Japanese waters: Hokkaido

Imp. Univ., Faculty Sci. Jour., 6th ser., v. 4, p. 87-102, 1 pi.,

12 figs.

———— 1937, Polychaetous annelids from the Palau Islands and 

adjacent waters, the South Seas: Biogeography Soc. Japan 

Bull., v. 7, p. 257-316, 59 figs.

——— 1938, Polychaetous annelids from the vicinity of the 

Mitsui Institute of Marine Biology: Japanese Jour. Zoology, 

v. 8, p. 75-105, 15 figs.

1940, Polychaetous annelids of the Ryukyu Islands:

Biogeography Soc. Japan Bull., v. 10, p. 1-24, 9 figs. 

Otter, G. W., 1937, Rock-destroying organisms in relation to coral

reefs: British Mus., Great Barrier Reef Exped., v. 1, no. 12,

323-352, 6 pis., 5 figs. 

Potts, F., 1909, Polychaeta of the Indian Ocean—Amphinomidae: Linnean Soc. London Zoology Trans., 2d ser., v. 12,

p. 355-371, 1 pi. 

———— 1910, Polychaeta of the Indian Ocean—The Palmyridae,

Aphroditidae, Polynoidae, Acoetidae and Sigalionidae:

Linnean Soc. London Zoology Trans., 2d ser, v. 16, p. 325-

353, pis. 1821. 

Willey, A., 1905, Report on the Polychaeta: Ceylon Pearl Oyster

Fisheries, Supp. Rept., pt. 4, p. 243-324, 8 pis.
INDEX

[Italic numbers indicate descriptions]

A

Page 

aberrans, HaplosyUls.................... 622,625,629

Acropora................................... 625,626

Actinopyga................................... 630

afra, Eunice.... 620,621,622,624,625,626,628,629,634

Aglaurides fulgida........... 620,621,622,626,628,629

albiceps, Eupomatus................ 622,626,629,641

Amphinomidae__-__-__-_-_..-__________._._ 628

Amphinomids-__-____._________ 621 

AmphUritides............................... 619,639

bruneo-comata..... _____._______ 639

sp..——————————————— 622,629,539

ampullifera, Paralepidonotus............ 623,626,628

Anaitides..................................... 619

madeirensis................. 621,622,625,626,628

sp—-.—----—-..----_---_____.. 622,625

Ancistrosyllisrigida..................... 622,625,628

angustifrons, Irma.............. 619,622,625,628,633

Annelids, distribution-.-.---...--__..._ 622-623 

effects on coral__——__.__ ___ 621 

See also names of atolls and islands. 

anomala, Pseudonereis.............. 623,624,(

antennata, Eunice........... 621,622,624, (

appendiculatus, Chaetopterus.... ________ 637

Arabellairkolor................. 621,622,626,627,629

mutans............................. 622,624,629

nosecrinita.............................. 625,629

Arabellidae—--- —————...——— 629,634

Arenicolidae----------------_-----—-____„ 629

argus, Lepidonotus.................. 619,622,628,630

Armandialanceolata.................... 622,624,629

armata, Polydora................ 619,623,626,629,637

Audouinia.................................... 629

aurifera, Palmyra............... 623,625,628,530,631

Autolytinae..—-.---.---——— 619,622,629,633 

Autolytus sp.__._______________ 627,628

Bhawania cryptocephala............. 622,625,626,628

biceps, Leiochrides........... 621,622,628,629,636,538

Bikini Atoll, marine annelids found_____ 622,

624,625, fig. 170

Bikini island, marine annelids found_ 624, fig. 170 

Bikini Lagoon, marine annelids found____ 625 

bikinii, Fabricia................. 621,622,629,640,5#

Bock island, marine annelids found... 628,'fig. 173 

Bogon island, marine annelids found_ 626, fig. 171 

Bokonfuaaku island, marine annelids found.- 624,

fig. 170 

brachychaeta, Typosyttis..—-—............. 623,629

Branchiomaldane vincenti. .............. 622,626,629

Brania...—....—........................... 633

brevkornis, Pterodrrus.............. 621,623,624,628

bruneo-comata, AmphitrUides.................. 639

Burok island, marine annelids found_ 628, fig. 172 

Burok lagoon, marine annelids found. _.... _ 628

O

caducus, Dasybranchus.............. 622,625,626,629

capitata, Qlycera.............................. 634

Capitellidae-_~-__--_---------_-_---..... 629,638

Capitellids_——„..„.—.—............ 621

Ceratonereis eostae.................. 619,621,622,629

mirabilis-.—............... 621,622,625,626,629

pachychaeta................. 622,624,625,628,629

Ohaetopteridae.-------------------.—-._ 629,637

Chaetopterus................................ 619,637

appendiculatus............................ 637

sp.———„—————— 622,628,629,637

chinevsis, Leocrates................. 622,624,625,628

Page

Chrysopetalidae..-.-.,____________ 628 

Chrysopetalum ehlersi........... 622,625,626,627,628

cirrata, Laonke......... 619,621,622,625,626,629,537

Cirratulidae————................ 621,629,638

Cirratulus.................................. 619,638

sp..——..—.-.-..—....... 622,626,629,638

Cirriformia semidncta............... 622,626,627,629

claparedei, Leocrates.......................... 628

clavigera, Oastrolepidia...... 622,624,625,628,630,631

collaris, Lysidice............................... 620,

621,623, 624,625, 626, 627, 629, 634, 635 

complanata, Eurythol... 621,622,624,625,626,627,628 

Corals, contribution of annelids to growth__ 621

destruction by annelids__________ 621 

eostae, Ceratonereis.................. 619,621,622,629

cryptocephala, Bhawania............ 622,625,626,628

D 

Dasybranchus caducus............... 622,625,626,629

lumbricoides.................... 621,622,626,629

dawydovi, Neanthes.-................... 623,626,629

Dodecaceria................................. 619,638

laddi............ 621,622,626,627,629,635,636,638

DorviUea gardineri.................. 622,625,626,629

similis..—......................... 622,626,629

DorviUeidae-.------------------_„..„.... 629

Drilonereis....-.......... —.................. 634

major..........—.......... 619,622,624,629,634

planiceps................................. 634

dumerilii, Platynereis...—. 621,623,625,626,628,629

E

E chinoderms, species on the Marshall Islands. 622 

ehlersi, Chrysopetalum.......... 622,625,626,627,628

ehrenbergi, Terebella................. 619,623,625,629

elegans, Eupomatus........................... 629

Elugelab island, marine annelids found___ 625,

fig. 171

Eniaetok island, marine annelids found—_. 628,

fig. 172

Enirik island, marine annelids found_..__ 625,

fig. 170

Eniwetok Atoll, marine annelids found——— 622,

625, fig. 171

Eniwetok island, marine annelids found ___ 627 

Enyu island, marine annelids found.... 625, fig. 170

Eulaliatenax...—..................... 622,625,628

Eunice................................. 619,629,633

afra......... 620,621,622,624,625,626, 628,629,634

antennata............... 621,622,624,626,628,629

investigatoris.............................. 634

johnsonl.................... 621,622,629,632,633

(Nkidion) gracUis................... 622,625,629

Eunicea__———-.________———_. 621 

Eunicidae————————__---__-- 629,633

Euphrosine myrtosa..................... 622,625,628

Euphrosinidae—-.-_-------__.-—.—— 628

Eupolymniatrigonostoma.--................ 662,629

Eupomatus.....—............................ 621

albiceps——................... 622,626,629,641

elegans..-—.............................. 629

Eurato—..................................... 629

Eurythol complanata.... 621,622,624,625,626,627,628

Exogoninae. „—.-.____.... 619,622.626.627.629.633

P 

Fabrida.................................... 619,641

bikinii...................... 621,622,629,640,6/1

Fauna, Marshall Islands._____ _____ 622 

fulgida, Aglaurides.......... 620,621,622,626,628,629

G

Page

gallapagensis, Pseudo-nereis.. 620,621,623,625,626,629 

Gardiner, J. S., quoted.____________ 621 

gardineri, Dorvillea.................. 622,625,626,629

Oastrolepidia.............'..................... 630

clavigera...........—— 622,624.625,628,630,631

genatta, Hesione. ............... 622,624,625,626,628

Oenetyllis gracilis................... 621,622,624,628

giganteus, Spirobranchus............ 623,626,627,629

Glycera..................................... 619,634

capitata................................... 634

tesselata.—......... 621,622,624,625,626,629,634

sp—...... ...... ...——... ... 622,626,629,634

Glyceridae....—... .„..................... 629,634

gracilis, Eunice (Niddion)............. 622,625,629

Oenetyllis..........—.......... 621,622,624,628

Syllis——......................... 623,626,629

gyrifer, Holothuria............................. 630

Haplosyllis aberrans... ................. 622,625,629

spongkola.................. 622,625,626,627,629

Harmothoe.................................... 628

imbricata................... 619,621,622,626.628

Heliopora................................... 625,626

Hesione genatta................. 622,624,625,626,628

Hesionidae.__-_-------——...—..__ 628,633

hispidus, Notopygos................. 619,623,624,628

Holothuria gyrifer............................. 630

mamlata...................—............ 630

horrens, Stichopus............................. 630

hyalina, Odontosyllis..———— 619,623,626,628,629

Typosyllis.............................. 623,629

Hydroides multispinosa..................... 622,629

Hyperhalosydna striata......—............. 622,628

Hypskomus phaetaenia............. 621,622,626,629

imbricata, Harmothol—— ....... 619, 621, 622, 626, 628

i ndica, Parasphaerosyllis. ........ ... 623, 626, 629, 633

investigatoris, Eunice .... ..—....— ...... .... 634

tricolor, Arabella........——... 621, 622, 626, 627, 629

Jrmo....— ———————————— 633

angustifrons. ... . ..... ...... 619, 622, 625, 628, 633

Johnson, Martin, quoted. —————————— 621 

johnsoni, Eunice.————.— 621, 622, 629, 632, 633 

jukesii, Thormora.... ... ... .... ..... ........ 623, 628

K 

Kabelle island, marine annelids found __ 628, fig. 172

laddi, Dodecaceria.. 621,622,626,627,629,635,636,638 

lanceolata, Armandia................... 622,624, 629

Laonica............................——..--.. 637

cirrata——————. 619, 621, 622, 625, 626, 629, 637 

laterilli, Lumbrineris.————— 622, 624, 625, 629 

Latoback island, marine annelids found ___ 628,

fig. 173 

Leaena.......................——————... 619, 639

minute———————— 622, 627, 629, 639, 640

Leiochrides...................—————.. 638

biceps.........—..... 621, 622, 628, 629, 636, 638

Leocrates chinensis-—.——-.... 622, 624, 625, 628

claparedei................................. 628

Lepidonotus....... —......———————. 630

argus................—...... - 619, 622, 628, 630

Lidilbut island, marine annelids found——.._. 625,

fig. 171

643
644 INDEX

Page

Llthothamnion ridge_____._.. ____ 620, 626 

Loimia medusa.................... 622, 624, 628, 629

longisetis, Polyophthalmus-................... 629

lumbrkoides, Dasybranchus,... — .. 621, 622, 626, 629 

Lumbrineridae._______________ 629 

Lurnbrineris laterillL. .............. 622, 624, 625, 629

sphaeroeephala.-................... 622, 626, 629

Lysaretidae..-.——-.-———--———-—.. 629 

Lysidice cottaris.............____,_...... 620,

621, 623, 624, 625, 626, 627, 629, 634, 635

M 

maculata, Holothuria.................. ..___ 630

madeirensis, Anaitides. ........ 621, 622, 625, 626, 628

major, Erilonereis— ........... 619, 622, 624, 629, 634

Maldanlds....—.—....................—. 621

marquesensis, Phyllodoce-..— 619, 621, 623, 626, 628 

medius, Polycirrus........ .....„— 619, 623, 629, 639

medusa, Loimia___.———_..——— 622, 624, 628, 629

Mesochaetopterus -.. __.—— -..—..——... 627

mlnutus.. .........—......— 623, 626, 627, 629

minuta, Leaena.-...---_._ 622, 627, 629, 639, 640 

minutus, Mesochaetopterus.-—.... 623, 626, 627, 629

mlrabills, Ceroihmertti........... 621,622,625,626,629

muUispinosa, Hydroides..........._____- 622,629

mutans, Arabella- ........._.__.... 622,624,629

Mutl island, marine annelids found._. 626, fig. 171 

myrtosa, Euphrosine.. ...........—.... 622,625,628

N

Naineris----------------------------------- 619,637

^———— ———————— 623,626,627,629,637

Namu island, marine annelids found_ 624, fig. 170 

Neanthes dawydooi-. .................... 623,626,629

Nematonereis unicornis.. 621,623,624,625,626,627,629 

Nereidae. — —- — — — - — ——-—.- — - 621,629 

Nereis zonata persica,_....--.-...-.—.-.- 623,624,629

sp.- —.... — — — —— - — — — .— 626

(Nkidiori) gracilis, Eunice....... ...... 622,625,629

notata, SabeUa..-----................... 623,626,629

Notopygos hispidus— ... — ....—— 619,623,624,628

novecrinita, Arabella..--- ...............—— 625,629

O 

oculifera, Pseudeurythol.. .... _----.„. 623,627,628

Odonotosyttis hyaKM..—.—— 619,623,626,628,629 

Opheliidae-———---—. —-——-——— 629 

Orbiniidae...—— — ——-——-—-— 629,637

orientalis, Paramarphysa- .—..... . —. _ 623,628,629

pachyehaeta, Ceratonereis........ 622,624,625,628,629

paciftcum, Sphaerodorum.- ........—————. 621,

623,625,629,634,635,636 

Palmyra..--.-------------------------—... 630

aurifera.-.—............... 623,625,628,650,631

Palmyridae._— ._ —————.———— 628,630 

Palola, fragment-.._ ——.———...——— 628

skUiensis... 620,621,623,624,625,626,627,628,629 

Paralepidonotus ampuUifera............. 623,626,628

Paramarphysa orientalis ..„-.......-... 623,626,629

ParasphaerosyUisindica......--....- 623,626,629,633

Page

Parry Island, marine annelids found, _ 627, fig. 171 

persiea, Nereis zonata ... .... ... ——.-... 623,624,629

phaetaenia, Hypskomus—- ___ -— 621,622,626,629 

Phyllochaetopterid.— — —— — —— — — — 626

Phyllochaetopterus .... . .........— --.„.-—. 637

pictus. ... ——— ——— .—— . —— . 623,626,629

ramosus..— --------- 619,621,623,626,629,597

socialis- ......-..-. — .... ——.— —— .. 629

Phyttodoce.— . ————--———————— 630

marquesensis.- . ...... - __ 619, 621, 623, 626, 628

prwoti.— ...... 621, 623, 624, 625, 627, 628, 630, 632

Phyllododdae— — — — — — — — — — 628,630

Phyllodocids, mucus-secreting. ————— . — 621 

pictus, Phyllochaetopterus ... .....—.... 623,626,629

pictus, Polyophthalmus. ..... 623,624,626,627,629

Pilargiidae _ ...-......————.— — -..— 629'

planiceps, Drilonereis ...... ...... — _ ...... 634

Platy nereis dumerilii . ... — . 621, 623, 625, 626, 628, 629

polyscalma.-. ....-.--.-..— . — — .... 623,629

sp— .— — — — — ——— — — —— 627

Polychaetes, destruction of coralline growths. 620 

Polycirrus....------— ------------------- 639

medius...— — . — — ———. 619,623,629,639

Polydara— .— —— .- — — --.——-— — - 619,637 

armata.- .——.——.-.— 619,623,626,629,637 

spp— —— —— ... ----- 621,623,626,627,629,637

Polymniatriplkata .... ... ——— - ———— . —— 629

Polynoidae.— -—-— — — — -— — — - 628,630

Polyophthalmus longisetis.. ------ ------------ 629

pictus... .................... 623,624,626,627,629

polyscalma, Platynereis. .... -------------- 623,629

Portfw— - . _ ———————————— 626

pruvoti, Phyllodoce. . 621, 623, 624, 625, 627, 628, 630, 632 

Pseudeurythol oculif era.- .. — -.—. ... 623,627,628

Pseudonereis anomala. ------------- 623, 624, 628, 629

gallapagensis—.. — . — 620, 621, 623, 625, 626, 629 

Pterocirrus brevicornis..— ——— 621,623,624,628

R

ramosus, Phyllochaetopterus. 619, 621, 623, 

rigida, AncistrosyUis. ... ..... . ..... .... -

Rigili island, marine annelids found —— 

Rigonman island, marine annelids found

Rongelap Atoll, marine annelids found. 

Rongelap island, marine annelids found 

Rongerik Atoll, marine annelids found.

Rujiyoru island, marine annelids found- . 

Runit island, marine annelids found. _

625, 629, 6S7 

622, 625, 628

627. flg. 171 

—— 628, 

fig. 172 

G22,

628. fig. 172

.. — 628,

fig. 172

622,

628, flg. 173 

626, fig. 171 

626, fig. 171

Sabella notata—— ......——————— 623,626,629

Sabellarlans. —————————— — —— 621

Sabellidae—————————.———— 629,641

Salmacina--—................ 619,621,625,626,621

sp..-....—...........„———.„— 623,629

Scyphoproctus-...........——————————— 639

Sedentaria-.........——.......———.—... 621

semidncta, arriformia.............. 622,626,627,629

Page

Serpula.__________...________ 619,641 

sp——......................... 623,626,629,6^

Serpulidae___________________ 629,641 

Serpulids................................... 621,626

Serpulinae___________________ 641

skUlensia, Palola——....._____.__ 620,621,

623,624,625,626,627,628,629

similis, Doreillea______________ 622,626,629 

sphaeroeephala, Lumbrineris_______ 622,626,629 

Sphaerodoridae_______________ 629,634 

Sphaerodorum.. _______________ 619,634

pacificum-.......... 621,623,625,629,634,635,636

Sphaerosyttis sp................__.__ 623,629,635

Spio.--.....................___-.....-. 619,637

sp.............................. 623,627,629,657

Spionidae..................__........ 621,629,637

Spirobranchus giganteus_______ 623,626,627,629 

Spirorbids———...... __................... 626

dextral................__........ 623,626,629

sinistral._______________ 623,626,629 

Spirorbinae.-_....._..—............... 619,641

spongicola, HaplosyUis_____ 622,625,626,627,629 

socialis, Phyllochaetopterus.................... 629

Sttchopushorrens-.. ______________ 630 

striata, Hyperhalosydna.---_________ 622,628 

Syllidae........—...——................. 629.633

SyUlds............;.................... 625,626,627

SylHnae.................................... 629,633

Syttisgraeilis--- ..........._.__.... 623,626,629

T 

lenax, Eulalia...——. —............... 622.625,628

Terebella ehrenbergi... ___....__ 619,623,625,629

Terebellidae—__........................ 629,639

TerebeUIds....——........................ 621,625

tesselata, Glyeera........ 621,622,624,625,626,629,634

Thormorajukesii.._______________ 623,628 

trigonostoma, Eupolymnia__________ 622,629 

trlpUcata, Polymnia..______________ 629 

Trypanosyllis zebra—.------------ 623,624,625,629

sp.

Typosyllis-.......———-_— ————— _———_. 619

brachychaeta-———.---------------.--- 623,629

hyalina.——........................... 623,629

mrlegata——. — — - — ........ 623,625,626,629

spp— — ————.—-— 623,624,628,629,633

U

unicornis, Nematonereis. 621,623,624,625,626,627,629 

variegata, T^yposyllis................. 623,625,626,629

Vermillopsls-.——.-— ———__——... 619,641 

sp.—.._——————————— 623,626,629,64^

vincenti, Branehiomaldane.-. ............ 622,626,629

Yomyaran island, marine annelids fund. 624, flg. 170

zebra, Trypanosyllis—-——_----- 623,624,625.629 

zonata persica, Nereis.——... ..——.... 623,624.629