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NBSIR 77-1277

DO NOT REMOVE

Fire Research Publications,

1976

Nora H. Jason

Center for Fire Research

Institute for Applied Technology

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, D.C. 20234

July 1977

Final Report

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS
yj
NBSIR 77-1277

FIRE RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS,

1976

Nora H. Jason

Center for Fire Research

Institute for Applied Technology

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, D.C. 20234

July 1977

Final Report

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Juanita M. Kreps, Secretary

Dr. Sidney Harman. Under Secretary

Jordan J. Baruch, Assistant Secretary for Science and Technology

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS. Ernest Ambler, Acting Director

"Fire Research Publications, 1976" is a supplement to the

previous editions which covered the years 1969-1972 (NBSIR 73-246,

NTIS Order No. COM-74-10989; $3.25), 1973 (NBSIR 74-511, NTIS Order No.

COM-74-11448; $3.25), 1974 (NBSIR 75-736, NTIS Order No. COM-75-1.1018;

$3.25), and 1975 (NBSIR 76-1120, NTIS Order No. PB-257837; $3.50).

Only publications prepared by the members of the Center for Fire

Research (CFR), by other National Bureau of Standards (NBS) personnel

or external laboratories under contract or grant from the CFR are cited.

Articles published in NBS house organs also are cited.

For documents that are available for purchase, from either the

Government Printing Office (GPO) or the National Technical Information

Service (NTIS), the specific order number and paper copy price (prices are subject to change) have been included in the citation.

GPO documents are obtained by writing directly to the

Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office,

Washington, D.C. 20402. Indicate the SD Catalog No. for each document

requested. Orders must be prepaid. Remittance should be made by

check or money order payable to the "Superintendent of Documents, U.S.

Government Printing Office".

NTIS documents are obtained by writing directly to the National

Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, Springfield,

Virginia 22161. Indicate the NTIS Order No. for each document

requested. Microfiche copies of the documents also are. available at a cost of $3.00 for domestic orders. All prices are subject to change.

Orders must be prepared by check or money order payable to "National

Technical Information Service" or by utilizing an NTIS Form with your

deposit account number.

iii
Contents

Page

I. Journal Articles and Conference Proceedings 1

II. National Bureau of Standards Publications

A. National Bureau of Standards Dimensions 3

B. National Bureau of Standards Interagency 4

Reports

III. Contract and Grant Reports 6

IV Author Index 8
I. Journal Articles and Conference Proceedings

Benjamin, I. A. Development of a Room Fire Test. In: Fire Standards

and Safety. Proceedings, pp. 300-311. National Bureau of

Standards and the American Society for Testing Materials,

Gaithersburg, MD. , April 5-6, 1976. ASTM STP 614 (1977).

Benjamin, I. A. and Adams, C. H. The Flooring Radiant Panel Test and

Proposed Criteria. Fire Journal, Vol. 70, No. 2, 63-70, March

1976.

Birky, M. M. Philosophy of Testing for Assessment of Toxicological

Aspects of Fire Exposure. Journal of Combustion Toxicology, Vol.

3, 6-23, February 1976.

Birky, M. M. , Coats, A. W. , Alderson, S. E., Brown, J. E. and Pitt, B.

New Measurements and Observations of the Toxicological Hazard of

Fire in a Metrorail Interior Mock-up. Fireline, 9-13, October 1976.

Breden, L. H. and Meisters, M. The Effect of Sample Orientation in the

Smoke Density Chamber. Journal of Fire and Flammability, Vol. 7,

234-247, April 1976.

Bright, R. G. Early Warning Fire Detection. In: Fire Protection in

Interior Design. Proceedings, pp. 170-184. Cleveland State

University, Ohio, April 10-11, 1975 (1976).

Bright, R. G. Status and Problems of Fire Detection for Life Safety in

the United States. In: Fire Detection for Life Safety.

Proceedings, pp. 3-14. National Academy of Sciences-National

Research Council, Washington, D.C., March 31 and April 1, 1975

(1976).

Clarke, III, F. B. and Ottoson, J. Fire Death Scenarios and Firesafety

Planning. Fire Journal, Vol. 70, No. 3, 20-22; 117-118, May 1976.

Davis, S. Interior Furnishings and the Fire Problem. In: Fire

Protection in Interior Design. Proceedings, pp. 137-148.

Cleveland State University, Ohio, April 10-11, 1975 (1976).

Einhorn, I. N., Birky, M. M., Hileman, F. D.» Ramakrishman , M. S., Ryan,

P. W. , Voorhees, K. J. and Wojcik, L. H. Computerized Analytical

System for the Analysis of Thermal Decomposition Products. In:

Physiological and Toxicological Aspects of Combustion Products:

International Symposium. Proceedings, pp. 181-214. National

Academy of Sciences- National Research Council, Salt Lake City,

Utah, March 18-20, 1974 (1976).

1
Fang, J. B. Measurements of the Behavior of Incidential Fires in a Compartment. Journal of Fire and Flammability, Vol. 7, 368-386,

July 1976.

Fung, F. C. S. Smoke Simulation Studies of Pressurized Buildings.

In: Fire Protection in Interior Design. Proceedings, pp. 44-64.

Cleveland State University, Ohio, April 10-11, 1975 (1976).

Gann, R. G. and Cheng, I. T. Flow Study of Smoldering Charcoal.

American Chemical Society, 172nd National Meeting, Division of

Organic Coatings and Plastics, Preprint No. 20, San Francisco,

California, September 1976.

Gross, D. The Measurement and Correlation of Fire Growth in a Room.

In: Full-Scale Fire Tests Symposium, Armstrong Research and

Development Center. Proceedings, pp. 77-87. Lancaster, Pa.

November 11-12, 1974 (1976).

Kashiwagi, T. and Newman, D. L. Flame Spread Over an Inclined Thin

Fuel Surface, Combustion and Flame, Vol. 26, 163-177, 1976.

Krasny, J. F. , Braun, E. and Peacock, R. Synthesis of a General Apparel

Flammability Standard. In: Information Council on Fabric

Flammability, 10th Annual Meeting. Proceedings, pp. 171-184.

New York, December 8-9, 1976 (1977).

Levin, B. Psychological Characteristics of Fire Setters. Fire Journal,

Vol. 70, No. 2, 36-41, March 1976; Fire and Arson Investigator,

Vol. 27, No. 3, 12-22, January-March 1977.

Lyons, J. W. Fire Research and Fire Safety: A Status Report on the

Situation in the United States. In: Fire Standards and Safety.

Proceedings, pp. 5-10. National Bureau of Standards and the

American Society for Testing Materials, Gaithersburg, Md., April

5-6, 1976. ASTM STP 614 (1977).

McCaffrey, B. J. and Berland, A. L. Some Observations on the

Oscillatory Behavior of Carbon Monoxide Oxidation. Combustion and

Flame, Vol. 26, No. 1, 77-83, 1976.

McCaffrey, B. J. and Quintiere, J. G. Buoyancy Driven Countercurrent

Flows Generated by a Fire Source. In: Turbulent Buoyant

Convection. 1976 International Seminar. Proceedings, pp. 467-478.

International Centre for Heat and Mass Transfer, Dubrovnik,

Yugoslavia, August 30-September 4, 1976.

McCarter, R. J. Smoldering of Flexible Polyurethane Foam. Journal of

Consumer Product Flammability, Vol. 3, 128-140, June 1976.

2
Packham, S. C., Frens, D. B. , McCandless, J. B., Petajan, J. H. and

Birky, M. M. A Chronic Intra-Arterial Cannula and Rapid MicroTechnicque for Carboxyhoglobin Determination. Journal of

Combustion Toxicology, Vol. 3, 471-478, November 1976.

Parker, W. J. The Large-Scale Fire Test Facility at the National Bureau

of Standards. In: Large-Scale Fire Tests. Symposium. Armstrong

Research and Development Center. Proceedings, pp. 45-48, Lancaster,

Pa., November 11-12, 1974 (1976).

Quintiere, J. G. Growth of Fire in Building Compartments. In:

Fire Standards and Safety. Proceedings, pp. 300-311. National

Bureau of Standards and the American Society for Testing Materials,

Gaithersburg, Md., April 5-6, 1976. ASTM STP 614 (1977).

Robertson, A. F., Ed. Fire Standards and Safety. Proceedings.

National Bureau of Standards and the American Society for Testing

Matherials, Gaithersburg, Md., April 5-6, 1976. ASTM STP 614

(1977).

Robertson, A. F. Potential Heat: Considerations in the Application of

a New Fire Test. Fire and Materials, Vol. 1, 9-13, March 1976.

Rockett, J. A. Fire Induced Gas Flow in an Enclosure. Combustion,

Science and Technology, Vol. 12, 165-175, 1976.

Tovey, H. and Vickers, A. Hazard Analysis of Fires Involving Blankets.

Textile Chemist and Colorist, Vol. 8, No. 2, 19-22, February 1976.

II. National Bureau of Standards Publications

A. National Bureau of Standards Dimensions

McGehan, F. P. Life-Saving Investments: Smoke Detectors for the Home.

NBS Dimensions, Vol. 60, No. 4, 6-8, April 1976. GPO; SD Catalog

No. C13. 13:60/4; $0.80.

McGehan, F. P. Profile of a Firebug. NBS Dimensions, Vol. 60, No. 7,

12-13, July 1976. GPO; SD Catalog No. C13.13:60/7; $0.80.

McGehan, F. P. Science and Fashion: NBS Develops Proposed Garment

Flammability Guidelines. NBS Dimensions, Vol. 60, No. 6, 10-11; 20,

June 1976. GPO; SD Catalog No. C13. 13:60/6; $0.80.

Most Fire Deaths Occur at Home. NBS Dimensions, Vol. 60, No. 8, 21,

August 1976. GPO; SD Catalog No. C13. 13:60/8; $0.80.

Moulder, J. L. Metal Fires - Science and Safety. NBS Dimensions, Vol.

60, No. 1, 10-11, January 1976. GPO; SD Catalog No. C13. 13:60/1;

$0.80.

3
Science and Technology for People: Safety, Health, Public Benefit. NBS

Dimensions, Vol. 60, Anniversary Supplement, 22-23, 1976. GPO;

SD Catalog No. C13. 13: 60/Suppl. ; $0.80.

B. National Bureau of Standards Interagency Reports

NBSIR 75-788 Budnick, E. K. and Klein, D. P. Evaluation of the Fire

Hazard in a Mobile Home Resulting from an Ignition on

the Kitchen Range. February 1976. Interim Report.

NTIS Order No. PB-250843; $4.00.

NBSIR 75-966 Birky, M. M. , Coats, A. E. , Alderson, S. E. , Brown, J.

E. , Paabo, M. and Pitt, B. Measurements and

Observations of the Toxicological Hazard of Fire in a Metrorail Interior Mock-up. February 1976. Final

Report. NTIS Order No. PB-250768; $3.50.

NBSIR 76-990 Bright, R. G. Report of Fire Tests on Eight TGS

Semiconductor Gas Sensor Residential Fire/Smoke

Detectors. April 1976. Final Report. NTIS Order

No. 251769; $3.50.

NBSIR 76-994 Brown, R. L. A Numerical Solution of the Time

Dependent Partial Differential Equations Which Describe

a One-Dimensional, Laminar, Premixed Flame. January

1976. Final Report. NTIS Order No. PB-263100; $7.50.

NBSIR 76-1000 Walker, J. A. and Tsang, W. The Contruction, Operation

and Performance of a Reactive Gas Generator; with

Specific Application to HCHO, CH3 CHO, CH2 CHCH0, S02 , HCN and HC1 Production. January 1976. Final Report.

NTIS Order No. PB-251219; $4.50.

NBSIR 76-1012 Lee, B. T. Fire Performance Testing of Bulkhead

Insulation Systems for High Strength to Weight Ship

Structures. August 1976. Final Report. NTIS Order

No. PB-257197; $4.50.

NBSIR 76-1013 Tu, K. M. and Davis, S. Flame Spread of Carpet Systems

Involved in Room Fires. June 1976. Final Report.

NTIS Order No. PB-256130; $2.25.

NBSIR 76-1014 Hayes, Jr., W. D. Space Heater Involvements in Fabric

Fires. March 1976. Final Report. NTIS Order No.

PB-251414; $3.50.

4
NBSIR 76-1016

NBSIR 76-1018

NBSIR 76-1021

NBSIR 76-1028

NBSIR 76-1030

NBSIR 76-1031

NBSIR 76-1037

NBSIR 76-1040

NBSIR 76-1052

NBSIR 76-1054

NBSIR 76-1072

Gawln, W. M. and Bright, R. G. Mobile Home Smoke

Detector Siting Study. May 1976. Final Report. NTIS

Order No. PB-254177; $4.50.

Alderson, S. and Breden, L. Evaluation of the Fire

Performance of Carpet Underlayments . September 1976.

Final Report. NTIS Order No. PB-257779; $4.50.

Budnick, E. K. Fire Spread Along a Mobile Home

Corridor. July 1976. Interim Report. NTIS Order No.

PB-257101; $4.50.

Lay, D. A New Concept for Automatic Detection and

Extinction of Fires. March 1976. Final Report. NTIS

Order No. PB-251415; $3.50.

Breden, L. and Meisters, M. The Effect of Sample

Orientation in the Smoke Density Chamber. May 1976.

Final Report. NTIS Order No. PB-263633; $4.00.

Zerull, R. Shape Dependence of Light-Scattering

Behavior of Dust Particles. June 1976. Final Report.

NTIS Order No. PB-253932; $3.50.

Kraus, F. J. Integral Measurement Procedures for

Determining Particle Size in Aerosols. May 1976.

Final Report. NTIS Order No. PB-253933; $4.00.

Schnell, M. Points of View in Testing Flame Detectors.

May 1976. Final Report. NTIS Order No. PB-254178;

$3.50.

Lee, B. T. and Parker, W. J. Naval Shipboard Fire Risk

Criteria - Berthing Compartment Fire Study and Fire

Performance Guidelines. September 1976. Final Report.

NTIS Order No. PB-258118; $5.00.

Miller, D. B. , Bower, V. E., Birky, M. M., Huggett, C.

M. and Macek, A. An Appraisal of Tests and Standards

for the Evaluation of Electrical Insulating Fluids.

July 1976. Final Report. NTIS Order No. PB-253110;

$5.50.

Braun, E., Cobble, V. B., Helzer, S., Krasny, J. F.,

Peacock, R. D. and Stratton, A. K. Back-up Report

for the Proposed Standard for the Flammability of

General Wearing Apparel. June 1976. Final Report.

NTIS Order No. PB-255446; $4.50.

5
NBSIR 76-1076 Macek, A. Flammability Limits: Thermodynamics and

Kinetics. May 1976. Final Report. NTIS Order No.

PB-254180; $4.00.

NBSIR 76-1087 Pistor, M. On a Scattering-Light Measuring Device for

Use in Testing Types of Smoke Detectors. July 1976.

Final Report. NTIS Order No. PB-257202; $4.00.

NBSIR 76-1120 Jason, N. H. Fire Research Publications, 1975.

September 1976. Final Report. NTIS Order No.

PB-257837; $3.50.

NBSIR 76-1126 Bukowski, R. W. Field Investigation of Residential

Smoke Detectors. November 1976. Final Report.

NTIS Order No. PB-260878; $4.50.

NBSIR 76-1172 Bright, R. G. A New Test Method for Automatic Fire

Detection Devices. December 1976. Final Report.

NTIS Order No. PB-261217; $4.00.

FAA-RD-7 5-176

III. Contract and Grant Reports

Braun, E. , Cobble, V. B., Krasny, J. F. and Peacock, R.

Development of a Proposed Flammability Standard for

Commercial Transport Flight Attendant Uniforms. Final

Report. U.S. Department of Transportation. Contract

No. DOT-FA75WA1-502. NTIS Order No. AD/A-033740; $7.50.

NBS-GCR-76-60 Balanoff, T. Fire Fighter Mortality Report.

International Association of Fire Fighters, Washington,

D.C. March 1976. Final Report. NBS Grant No. 4-35909.

NTIS Order No. PB-253588; $6.75.

NBS-GCR-76-71 Tesoro, G. and Backer, S. Extinguishment in Apparel

Textiles. Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

October 1975. Final Report. NBS Grant No. 4-9024.

NTIS Order No. PB-254751; $4.50.

NBS-GCR-76-72 Labes, W. G. Evaluation of Fire Protection Spray

Devices: The State-of-the~Art. Illinois Institute of

Technology. June 30, 1976. Final Report. NBS Grant

No. 5-9015. NTIS Order No. PB-256190; $5.50.

NBS-GCR-76-73 Lerup, L., Greenwood, D. and Burke, J. S. Mapping of

Recurrent Behavior Patterns in Institutional Buildings

Under Fire: Ten Case Studies of Nursing Facilities.

University of California at Berkeley. July 1976.

Final Report. HEW/NBS Life/Fire Safety Program Grant

No. 5-9016. NTIS Order No. PB-257424; $6.75.

6
NBS-GCR-76-77 Miles, L. B. A Basic Investigation of the Extinguishability of Various Fabrics. University of Maryland

Master of Science Thesis. May 1976. NBS Grant No.

4-9019. NTIS Order No. PB-257767; $5.00.

NBS-GCR-76-78 Stratton, A. K. An Investigation of Certain Design

Parameters of the Mushroom Apparel Flammability Tester.

University of Maryland Master of Science Thesis. July

1976. NBS Grant No. 4-9010. NTIS Order No. PB-247836;

$5.50.

NBS-GCR-76-79 Dryer, F. L., Glassman, I. and Sirignano, W. A. A

Problem in Fire Safety: Flame Spreading Across Liquid

Fuels. Princeton University. September 15, 1976.

Final Report. NFPCA Grant No. AEN-7514285. NTIS

Order No. PB-259127; $4.00.

NBS-GCR-76-80 Markstein, G. H. Scaling of Radiative Characteristics

of Turbulent Diffusion Flames. Factory Mutual Research

Corporation. June 1976. Final Report. NFPCA Contract

No. 75-004. NTIS Order No. PB-259126; $4.50.

7
IV. Author Index

A

Adams, C. H. , 1

Alderson, S. E. , 1, 4, 5

B

Backer, S. , 6

Balanoff , T. , 6

Benjamin, I. A., 1

Berland, A. L. , 2 Birky, M. M. , 1, 3, 4, 5

Bower , V . E . , 5

Braun, E. , 2, 5, 6

Breden, L. H. , 1, 5

Bright, R. G. , 1, 4, 5, 6

Brown, J . E. , 1, 4

Brown, R. L . , 4

Budnick, E. K. , 4, 5 Bukowski, R. W. , 6

Burke , J . S . , 6

C

Cheng, I. T., 2 Clarke, III, F. B. , 1 Coats, A. W. , 1, 4

Cobble, V. B. , 5, 6

Davis , S . , 1, 4

Dryer, F. L., 7

E

Einhorn, I. N. , 1

G

Gann, R. G. , 2 Gawin, W. M. , 5

Glassman, I., 7 Greenwood, D., 6

Gross, D., 2

H

Hayes, Jr., W. D., 4

Helzer, S. , 5 Hileman, F. D., 1

Huggett, C. M. , 5

J

Jason, N. H. , 6

K

Kashiwagi, T., 2

Klein, D. P., 4

Krasny, J. F., 2, 5, 6

Kraus, F. J., 5

L

Labes, W. G., 6

Lay, D., 5

Lee, B. T., 4, 5

Lerup, L., 6

Levin, B., 2 Lyons, J. W. , 2

Fang, J. B. , 2 Frens, D. B. , 3 Macek, A., 5, 6

Fung, F. C. S., 2 Markstein, G. H., 7 McCaffrey, B. J., 2

McCandless, J. B., 3

McCarter, R. J., 2

8
McGehan, F. P. , 3 T

Meisters, M. , 1, 5

Miles, L. B. , 7 Miller, D. B., 5

Moulder, J. L., 3

Tesoro, G. , 6

Tovey, H., 3

Tsang, W. , 4

Tu, K-M, 4

N

Newman , D . L . , 2 V

0

Vickers, A., 3

Voorhees, K. T., 1

Ottoson, J. , 1 W

P

Walker, J. A., 4

Wojcik, L. H., 1

Paabo , M. , 4

Packham, S. C., 3 Z Parker, W. J. , 3, 5

Peacock, R. W. , 5, 6

Petajan, J. H. , 3

Pistor , M. , 6

Pitt, B., 1, 4

Q

Quintiere, J. G. , 2, 3

R

Ramakrishman , M. S., 1

Robertson, A. F., 3

Rockett, J. A., 3

Ryan, P. W. , 1

Zerull, R., 5

S

Schnell, M., 5

Sirignano, W. A., 7 Stratton, A. K. , 5, 7

9
NBS-114A ( rev . 7-7:0

U.S. DEPT. OF COMM. BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA

SHEET

1. PUBLIC AT'ION OK KKPORT NO. NBSIR 77-1277

2. Ciov’t Accession

No.

3. Recipient's Accession No.

4. I I i LI- AND SUBTITLE

Fire Research Publications, 1976

5. Publication Date July 1977

6. Performing Organization < oil<

7. AUTHOR(S)

Nora H. Jason

8. Performing Organ. Report No.

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20234

10. Project /Task/Work Unit No. 4913676

11. ( ontract/Grant No.

12. Sponsoring Organization Name and Complete Address (Street, City, State, ZIP)

Same as No. 9

13. Type of Report & Period Covered

Final Report

14. Sponsoring Agency Codt

15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

16. ABSTRACT (A 200-word or less (actual summary of most significant information. If document includes a significant

bibliography or literature survey, mention it here.)

"Fire Research Publications, 1976" is a supplement to the previous editions

which covered the years 1969-1972 (NBSIR 73-246, NTIS Order No. COM-74-

10989; $3.25), 1973 (NBSIR 74-511, NTIS Order No. COM-74-11448; $3.25),

1974 (NBSIR 75-736, NTIS Order No. COM-75-11018 ; $3.25), and 1975 (NBSIR

76-1120, NTIS Order No. PB-257837; $3.50). Only publications prepared by

the members of the Center for Fire Research (CFR) , by other National

Bureau of Standards (NBS) personnel or external laboratories under contract

or grant from the CFR are cited. Articles published in NBS house organs

also are cited.

17. KEY WORDS (six to twelve entries; alphabetical order; capitalize only the first letter of the first key word unless a proper name; separated by semicolons) Arson; bibliographies; building fires; carpets; construction

materials; fire departments; fire detection systems; fire tests; flame research;

flammability tests; interior furnishings; mobile homes; polyurethanes; smoke

detectors; standards: textiles: toxicity

18. AVAILABILITY HT Unlimited c For Official Distribution. Do Not Release to NTIS

Order From Sup. of Doc., U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402, SD Cat. No. Cl 3

|y j Order From National Technical Information Service (NTIS)

Springfield, Virginia 22151

19. SECURITY CLASS

(THIS REPORT)

UNCL ASSIFIED

20. SECURITY CLASS

(THIS PAGE)

UNCLASSIFIED

21. NO. OF PAGES

13

22. Price

$3.50

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