Eocene and Oligocene 

Larger Foraminifera 

From the Panama Canal 

Zone and Vicinity

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 244
Eocene and Oligocene 

Larger Foraminifera 

From the Panama Canal 

Zone and Vicinity

By W. STORRS COLE

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 244

Prepared under the auspices of the 

Technical Cooperation Administration 

of the United States Department of State

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1952
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

Oscar L. Chapman, Secretary

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

W. E. Wrather, Director

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office 

Washington 25, D. C. - Price frl.25 (paper)
CONTENTS

Abstract-_ __________________________________________

Introduction. ______________________________________

Previous records of larger Foraminifera________________

Distribution and correlation of faunas.________________

Gatuncillo formation (middle (?) and upper Eocene) _

Marine tongue (?) in Bohio (?) formation, Gatun

Lake area, Canal Zone (upper Eocene or lower

Oligocene)___________________________________

Thin lenses of algal limestone in upper part of Bohio

formation of Pacific coastal area (upper Oligocene).

Caimito formation (upper Oligocene part)___________

Description of species-______________________________

Family Lituolidae_______________________________

Genus Yaberinella-...-..-- __________________

Family Camerinidae____________________________

Genus Camerina. ___________________________

Genus Operculinoides. _______________________

Page 

1 

1 

1 

3 

3

Description of species—Continued 

Family Camerinidae—Continued

Genus Heterostegina. ________

Family Amp histeginidae__ _______

Genus Helicostegina.. _______

Family Cymbaloporidae_________

Genus Fabiania- __________

Family Orbitoididae___________

Genus Lepidocyclina_______

Genus Helicolepidina--------

Family Discocyclinidae__ _ _______

Genus Asterocyclina. ________

Genus Pseudophragmina...-. 

Family Miogypsinidae_________

Genus Miogypsina __________

References cited-___________________

Index.____________________________

Page 

11 

14 

14 

14

14

15

15

30

31

31

35

35

35

37

39

ILLUSTRATIONS

[Plates 1-28 follow index]

PLATE 1. Eocene species of Operculinoides and Oligocene species of Heterostegina.

2. Eocene and Oligocene species of Operculinoides.

3. Eocene and Oligocene species of Operculinoides and Camerina.

4. Eocene and Oligocene species of Heterostegina.

5. Oligocene species of Heterostegina.

6. Eocene species of Yaberinella, Helicostegina, and Fabiania, and Oligocene species of Heterostegina.

7-14. Eocene species of Lepidocyclina.

15. Eocene and Oligocene species of Lepidocyclina.

16-19. Oligocene species of Lepidocyclina.

20. Eocene and Oligocene species of Lepidocyclina and Eocene species of Helicolepidina.

21, 22. Oligocene species of Lepidocyclina.

23. Eocene and Oligocene species of Lepidocyclina.

24. Eocene species of Helicolepidina and Oligocene species of Miogypsina.

25. Oligocene species of Miogypsina.

26, 27. Eocene species of Asterocyclina.

28. Eocene species of Asterocyclina and Pseudophragmina.

FIGURE 1. Tertiary formations of Panama Canal Zone and adjoining parts of Panama-_____________^___---_____________

2. Map of Panama Canal Zone and adjoining parts of Panama showing location of samples studied for present 

report._______--____--_____________-_______-_-_-_--_-_-_-___-------------------------------------_

Page 

2

EOCENE AND OLIGOCENE LARGER FORAMINIFERA FROM THE PANAMA

CANAL ZONE AND VICINITY

By W. STOBBS COLE

ABSTRACT

Forty species and two varieties from the Eocene and Oligocene 

of the Panama Canal Zone and vicinity are discussed and illustrated. Twenty-one species and one variety are reported 

from the middle (?) and upper Eocene Gatuncillo formation. 

Eight upper Eocene species, including two species not found in 

the Gatuncillo formation, occur in a marine tongue (?) in the 

Bohio (?) formation of the Gatun Lake area. Nine species, of 

which one, Lepidocyclina (Pliolepidina) gubernacula, is new, are 

recorded for the first time in the Eocene of Panama. Seventeen 

species and a variety are found in the upper Oligocene part of 

the Caimito formation and in the fossiliferous upper Oligocene 

part of the Bohio formation in the Pacific coastal area. Ten 

species and one variety were not known previously in the 

Oligocene of Panama.

At least most of the Gatuncillo formation, by means of its 

fauna of larger Foraminifera, is correlated with the upper Eocene 

San Fernando (or Mount Moriah) formation of Trinidad and 

the upper Eocene Ocala limestone of Florida. It should be 

noted, however, that the Gatuncillo contains two species which 

are reported only from the middle Eocene. The parts of the 

Caimito formation containing larger Foraminifera and the upper 

part of the Bohio formation in the Pacific coastal area are correlated with the Suwannee limestone of Florida, the Antigua 

formation of Antigua, and the Meson formation of Mexico, all 

of late Oligocene age.

INTRODUCTION

During the past year and a half it has been a great 

pleasure to study the larger Foraminifera in a series of 

samples from the Eocene and Oligocene strata of the 

Panama Canal Zone and vicinity. These samples 

were collected by W. P. Woodring of the U. S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with T. F. Thompson, 

former Chief of the Geological Section of the now abolished Special Engineering Division of the Panama 

Canal. Mr. Thompson and the geologists of his staff, 

particularly S. M. Jones, J. R. Schultz, R. H. Stewart, 

and J. A. Tavelli, not only provided assistance in 

making the collections, but also supplied stratigraphic 

data. Mr. Woodring in turn freely and generously 

placed all of this information at my command. To all 

of these geologists, and especially to Mr. Woodring, 

I am indebted and grateful.

The stratigraphic terminology recently proposed by 

Woodring and Thompson (1949, pp. 992-996), shown 

with slight modification in figure 1, is used in the 

present report. Jones (1950, pp. 893-922) in an article 

entitled "Geology of Gatun Lake and vicinity, Panama" 

does not entirely agree with the terminology proposed

by Woodring and Thompson. It is beyond the sccr)e 

of the present work, however, to attempt to reconcile 

these differences.

Twenty-nine samples, of which 16 are referred to the 

Eocene and 13 to the Oligocene, were studied. TTie 

samples were selected from a group of 45 to represent 

different geographic areas, the greatest possible stratigraphic range, and various lithologic facies. The inc'sx 

map (fig. 2) shows the localities where the specimens 

were collected. The description of the localities is 

given in the discussion under, the heading "Distribution 

and correlation of faunas." Although larger Foraminifera could be collected at an almost indefinite number 

of localities in the Gatuncillo and Caimito formations, 

particularly in the limestones of the Gatuncillo and in 

limestones of the middle member of the Caimito in the 

Gatun Lake area (Woodring, oral communication), it is 

believed that the representative samples which were 

selected give an accurate reflection of the Panamanian 

faunas.

Forty distinct species and two varieties are discussed 

and illustrated. Of these, 23 species and 1 variety are 

from the Eocene, and 17 species and 1 variety are from 

the Oligocene. Nine species, of which 1 is new, are 

recorded for the first time in the Eocene of Panama 

and 10 species and 1 variety not previously known, in 

the Oligocene of Panama are placed on record. All of 

the Panamanian specimens are deposited in the colleclection of the U. S. National Museum.

PREVIOUS RECORDS OF LARGER FORAMINIFERA

Lemoine and R. Douville (1904, pp. 14, 20, 21) 

described the first larger Foraminifera from Panama 

when they named specimens from their Haut-Chagres 

locality (San Juan de Pequeni, a locality in the upper 

Chagres Valley submerged by Madden Lake) Lepidocyclina chaperi, and others from Pefia Blanca (submerged by Gatun Lake) Lepidocyclina canettei. Those 

species were assigned to the Aquitanian (upper Oligocene 

or lower Miocene).

Cushman (1919a, pp. 89-102) reported on collections 

made by T. Wayland Vaughan and D. F. MacDonrld 

in the Canal Zone and by MacDonald in western 

Panama. He recorded 10 species, all of which he placid 

in the Oligocene, although he questioned this assignment in the case of 3 species. The names used by
EOCENE AND OLIGOCENE LARGER FORAMINIFERA IN THE CANAL ZONE

Age

MIOCENE

OLIGOCENE

EARLY 

PLIOCENE

LATE

MIDDLE

EARLY

LATE

EARLY

LATE EOCENE

CRETACEOUS(?)

Ga Hard Cut and Pacif c side, 

Canal Zone

La Boca formation, Pedro Migue 

agglomerate, Panama tuff

Cucaracha formation

Cmperador imestone member^ 

Culebra formation

7 7

Las Cascadas agglomerate

Bas Obispo formation

Gatun Lake area and Car b 

coast, Canal Zone

7

Chagres sandstone 

Toro limestone memb<

7 *

Gatun formation

7

;

Upper member

Middle member

~^^^?^ 

Las Cascadas^~~?^- Lowe 

agglomerate-r^""^ memb<

Bas Obispo -^^__^ Bo

Gatuncillo formation

Basement complex

bean Madden basin, Panama

7

?r

7

77 7

Alhajuela sandstone member

c Calcareous sandstone member

o

£ Chilibrillo limestone member

o Limestone lens

.2 "g """^ —— • ——— —— 

ca 'a Pyroclastic clay member

——— g (_3 —————————————————————————————

,2 Calcareous sandstoneo siltstone member 

•~ 7 7

'5 

Ir °

Bohio formation 

lio 

ation

Gatuncillo formation

Basement complex

Quebrancha syncline, Panama

c Calcareous siltstone member

oo

•|s

O o Quebrancha limestone member

c 

•43 Volcanic member

cO

u 

0

.0 Gritty sandstone member

1

Gatuncillo formation

Basement complex

FIGUEE 1.—Tertiary formations of Panama Canal Zone and adjoining parts of Panama. (After Woodring and Thompson (1S4S, fig. 2) with slight modification.)

Cushman, except Orbitolites americana which does not are assigned these species at present. Cushman's

occur in the collections described in the present report, species that were recorded only from localities in western

are given in the following table with the names which Panama are so specified hi the table.

Larger Foraminifera from the Canal Zone and Panama recorded by Cushman (1919a)

Name used by Cushman Name used at present 

Lepidocyclina canellei Lemoine and R. Douville" (pi. 34, figs. 1-6) _ _______ L. (Lepidocyclina) canellei Lemoine and R. Do'iville.

Lepidocyclina chaperi Cushman [not Lemoine and R. Douville] (pi. 35, Probably L. (Lepidocyclina) waylandvaughani Cole.

figs. 1-3; pi. 36). 

Lepidocyclina vaughani Cushman (part: pi. 37, figs. 4, 5; pi. 38)---------- L. (Nephrolepidina) vaughani Cu'shman.

Lepidocyclina vaughani Cushman (part: pi. 37, figs. 1 (?), 2, 3)__________ Probably L. (Lepidocyclina) waylandvaughani Cole.

Lepidocyclina panamensis Cushman (pi. 39, figs. 1-6), western Panama._ L. (Pliolepidina) pustulosa tobleri H. Douville.

Lepidocyclina macdonaldi Cushman (pi. 40, figs. 1-6), western Panama-__ L. (Pliolepidina) macdonaldi Cushman.

Multicyclina duplicata Cushman (pi. 41, figs. 2-4), western Panama. _____ L. (Pliolepidina) pustulosa H. Douville1 , microspheric

generation.

Orthophragmina minima Cushman (pi. 41, fig. 1), western Panama._-__- Asterocyclina minima (Cushman). 

Heterosteginoides panamensis Cushman (part: pi. 43, figs. 3-8)___________ Miogypsina (Miolepidocyclina) panamensis (Cushman).

Heterosteginoides panamensis Cushman (part: pi. 43, figs. 1, 2)__________ Miogypsina (Miogypsina) antillea (Cushman).

Nummulites panamensis Cushman (pi. 43, figs. 9, 10)___________________ Operculinoides panamensis (Cushman).

Nummulites davidensis Cushman (pi. 43, fig. 11), western Panama________ Probably Operculinoides ocalanus (Cushman).

Later, Cushman (192fi, p. 39) in a summary entitled 

"The American Species of Orthophragmina and Lepidocyclina" correctly assigned the limestone at David (in 

Chiriqui Province, western Panama) containing Orthophragmina minima to the Eocene, but he placed L. 

panamensis and L. duplicata in both the Eocene and 

Oligocene.

Vaughan (1923, p. 257) reclassified specimens included by Cushman in Lepidocyclina vaughani and 

described another new species which he nr.med L. 

mirajlorensis. Later, Vaughan (1924) dividecf Heterosteginoides panamensis Cushman and named the new 

species Miogypsina cushmani. Vaughan (192C) recognized as upper Eocene the following species f^om San
DISTRIBUTION AND CORRELATION OF FAUNAS

Juan de Pequeni, the type locality of Lepidocyclina 

chaperi in the Chagres Valley, now flooded by Madden 

Lake: Operculina sp. cf. 0. ocalana Cushman, Heterostegina ocalana glabra Cushman, Asteriacities georgiana 

(Cushman), Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidind) chaperi 

Lemoine and R. Douville, Lepidocyclina sp., and 

Discocyclina sp.

Coryeli and Embich (1937, p. 305) described a new 

species, Asterocyclina gamboaensis, from Eocene strata 

in the upper Chagres Valley near the village of Tranquilla, also now flooded by Madden Lake. This 

species is illustrated by a drawing of only the exterior 

and, therefore, cannot be recognized definitely. It is 

probably a specimen of A. georgiana (Cushman).

Cole (1949, pp. 267-275) described an Eocene fauna 

from core hole SL-84 in the Rio Agua Salud area 

(Canal Zone), 3.6 miles northwest of Frijoles, and from 

outcrop float from the same locality. A list of the 

species recorded from these samples is included in the

list of species recovered from the Gatuncillo formation 

in the samples discussed in the present paper.

The only species described from Panama concerning 

which uncertainty must exist is Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) decorata H. Douvill6 (1924), from the type locality of L. chaperi. At the present time it is impossible 

to identify this species with any of the known Panamanian species. There is the possibility that it was bas^d 

on a form of L. chaperi with unusually large pillars.

DISTRIBUTION AND CORRELATION OP FAUNAS

GATUNCILLO FORMATION (MIDDLE(P) AND UPPFR 

EOCENE)

The Gatuncillo formation is the oldest fossiliferous formation in the Canal Zone and nearby. The distribution 

of the species in the Gatuncillo is shown in the chart on 

page 4, which includes the species previously reported 

from the Rio Agua Salud area (Cole, 1949, pp. 267-275). 

The description of the localities follows the chart.

79°45' 79°30'

79°45' 79°30'

FIGUBE 2.—Map of Panama Canal Zone and adjoining parts of Panama showing location of samples studied for present report. (After Woodring and Thompson (1949, fig. 1)

with slight modification.)
EOCENE AND OLIGOCENE LARGER FORAMINIFERA IN THE CANAL ZONE 

Distribution of species from the Gatuncillo formation

Yaberinella jamaicensis Vaughan _ _____________

Operculinoides floridensis (Heilprin) _ _________

jacksonensis (Gravell and Hanna) _________

moodybranchensis (Gravell and Hanna) _ __

ocalanus (Cushman) _____________________

vaughani (Cushman)_____ ______________

Camerina striatoreticulata (L. Rutten) _ _ _

Fabiania cubensis (Cushman and Bermddez) _ _ 

Helicostegina soldadensis Grimsdale ____ _____

Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) montgomeriensis 

Cole ____ ________ ___ ____ _ _ __ __

(Pliolepidina) gubernacula Cole, n. sp _ _

macdonaldi Cushman ______ _______

pustulosa H . DouvillS _ _______ __

(Nephrolepidina) chaperi Lemoine and R. 

Douvill6____________- ________ ___

Helicolepidina spiralis Tobler. __. _ _____ _

mariannensis ( Cushman) ___ _________ _ __

minima (Cushman)______________ _ _ ___

Pseudophragmina (Proporocyclina) flintensis

Madden basin Quebrancha syncline

Rio 

Agua 

Salud

Rio 

Frijohs

Gamboa

Fossil collecting localities

15

X

X

X

X

108

X

X

X

----

X

----

X

131

X

X

X 

X

13la

X

X

X

X

X 

X 

X

132

X

X 

X 

X

X

X

150

X 

X

X 

X

22a

X

X

X

X

X

X 

X

X

X

23

X

X

X

124

X 

X 

X

X

125

X

X 

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

140

X

X

X 

X

X

X 

X

X

X

X

X

145

----

X

X 

X 

X

X

----

SL-84

X

X

X

X

X 

X 

X

X 

X

X 

X

137

X

X

X 

X

138a

X

X

X 

X 

X

X

Madden Basin, Panama

15. Madden Airfield, about 1,000 feet north of north end of 

paved runway. Algal limestone. J. R. Schultz, T. F. 

Thompson, and W. P. Woodring, 1947.

108. Road to Madden Airfield, 0.5 mile northeast of Calzada 

Larga. Marly limestone. T. F. Thompson, 1948. 

Also a collection made by T. F. Thompson and W. P. 

Woodring, 1949.

131. South side of Rio Pequenl near head of Madden Lake, 

400 feet west of former Canal Zone Pequeni Police 

Substation. Thin-bedded limestone, 8 feet above base 

of Gatuncillo formation. T. F. Thompson and W. P. 

Woodring, 1949.

131a. Same locality. Thin-bedded nodular-weathering limestone, 25 feet higher stratigraphically. T. F. Thompson and W. P. Woodring, 1949.

132. West shore of Madden Lake at abandoned Salamanca 

Gaging Station. Fairly soft limestone. T. F. Thompson and W. P. Woodring, 1949.

150. Trail west of Madden Lake, 3 miles north of Madden 

Dam. Limestone. T. F. Thompson and W. P. 

Woodring, 1949.

Quebrancha syncline, Panama

22a. Transisthmian Highway, 4.1 miles in direct line northwest of Rio Gatuncillo bridge. Calcareous sandstone, 

0.25 to 0.5-inch thick, in silty mudstone. J. R. 

Schultz and W. P. Woodring, 1947.

23. Transisthmian Highway, 3.6 miles in direct line northwest of Rfo Gatuncillo bridge. Calcareous mudstone. 

J. R. Schultz and W. P. Woodring, 1949.

124. Road to Nuevo San Juan, 0.4 mile southwest of junction 

with Transisthmian Highway. Fairly soft limestone. 

T. F. Thompson and W. P. Woodring, 1949.

125. Road to Nuevo San Juan, 1.3 miles southwest of junction 

with Transisthmian Highway. Fairly soft limestone. 

T. F. Thompson and W. P. Woodring, 1949.

140. Transisthmian Highway, 4.6 miles in direct line northwest of Rio Gatuncillo bridge. Poorly sorted, gritty 

sandstone. T. F. Thompson and W. P. Woodring, 

1949.

145. Trail on east side of Rio Gatuncillo, 1.3 miles northeast 

of Transisthmian Highway bridge across Rfo Gatuncillo. Soft limestone. W. P. Woodring, 19*9.

Rio Agua Salud area, Canal Zone

SL-84. Core hole SL-84; 1,000 feet southeast of head of Quebrada La Chinilla arm of Gatun Lake and 200 feet 

northeast of pipeline road. Moderately soft limestone. 

Drilled in 1947.

Rio Frijoles Aiea, Canal Zone

137. Pipeline road, 4 miles northwest of west end o* Gamboa 

bridge. Fairly soft limestone. W. P. Woodring, 1949.

Gamboa Area, Canal Zone

138a. 1.2 miles north-northwest of west end of Gambia bridge, 

on road to core holes SL-94 and SL-96, 50 feet south 

of bridge across drainage ditch. Fairly soft limestone. 

T. F. Thompson and W. P. Woodring, 1949.

The larger Foraminifera of the Gatuncillo formation 

consist overwhelmingly of species recorded elsewhere 

in formations of late Eocene age. Three of the species, 

however, evidently are found also in the middle Eocene; 

in fact, two (Yaberinella jamaicensis and Fabiania 

cubensis) up to this time have been recorded only 

from the middle Eocene.

Two samples from the base of the Gatuncillo contain 

Yaberinella jamaicensis Vaughan, a species recorded 

only from the Yellow limestone of Jamaica, which is 

assigned to the middle Eocene. Moreover, several 

samples from widely different parts of the Gatuncillo
DISTRIBUTION AND CORRELATION OF FAUNAS

cubensis (Cushman and Bermudez). 

This species; is reported, to date, only from the middle 

Eocene : of -'Cuba, and Florida. Yet in Panama these 

two species occur with many others which elsewhere 

mark the upper Eocene.

The genus Yaberinella has been reported 'from a 

known upper Eocene unit in Jamaica (Vaughan, 1929, 

p. 374). These specimens, however, were referred to 

a distinct species, Y. trelawniensis. In the present 

study it was found that this species and Y. jamaicensis 

could not be discriminated. It is assumed that the 

range of Y. jamaicensis extends from middle to upper 

Eocene.

Fabiania occurs in Cuba not only in deposits which 

contain middle Eocene species, but also in deposits 

which the writer and others consider to be late Eocene 

in age. Thus far, no satisfactory criteria have been 

devised from distinguishing specimens of this genus 

found in the middle Eocene from those which occur in 

the upper Eocene. Therefore, F. cubensis may range 

from middle to late Eocene, or the understanding of 

the criteria upon which differentiation could be based 

is not developed sufficiently.

There are other records which suggest that certain 

species of larger Foraminifera commonly thought to be 

restricted to the upper Eocene range from middle to 

upper Eocene. Vaughan (1928, pp. 281, 290) reported 

the occurrence of Lepidocyclina pustulosa with Dictyoconus puilboreauensis (=Z>. americanus) in Jamaica. 

Cole (1944, pp. 34, 69) recorded the occurrence of L. 

pustulosa in a deep well in Florida occurring stratigraphically below the D. americanus zone and in 

association with other middle Eocene species.

It would appear from these scattered records that 

certain species range from middle into upper Eocene. 

The writer, however, does not know of any authenticated record of upper Eocene larger Foraminifera 

occurring in the lower Oligocene. Because the Gatuncillo may include deposits of middle Eocene age, it is 

referred to the middle (?) and late Eocene.

The fauna of the Gatuncillo formation is dominated 

by species which are characteristic of the Ocala limestone of Florida and the San Fernando (or Mount 

Moriah) formation of Trinidad. There is an intermingling of species from these areas. Certain species 

of the known fauna of Panama and Trinidad, as 

Camerina striatoreticulata, have not been reported to 

date from Florida; whereas others that occur in Panama and Florida, as Asterocyclina mariannensis, have 

not been reported from Trinidad. These omissions 

may be the result of insufficient collecting or of regional 

faunal differentiation.

MARINE TONGUE (?) IN BOHIO (?) FORMATION, 

GATUN LAKE AREA, CANAL ZONE (UPPER EOCENE 

OR LOWER OLIGOCENE)

Two samples from Trinidad Island, in the western 

part of Gatun Lake, contain the species listed in the 

following chart:

Species from Trinidad Island

Localities

	149 1*95

Operculinoides jacksonensis (Gravell and Haima)~ X X

kugleri Vaughan and Cole_________-.._-____ X X

trinitatensis (Nuttall). _ __________________ X X

Camerina striatoreticulata (L. Rutten) __________ X

Fabiania cubensis (Cushman and Bermddez) _ _ _ _ X

Lepidocyclina (Pliolepidina) macdonaldi Gush- ~ "

man _ ___________________________________ X X

pustulosa H. Dpuville'- _______________ X X'

pustulosa tobleri H. Douville" __________ X

149. Northeast coast of Trinidad Island. Dark gray sp.ndy 

siltstone, basal 10 feet of exposed section. T. F. 

Thompson and W. P. Woodring, 1949.

1496. Same locality, about 10 feet higher stratigraphically. 

Three-foot ledge-forming silty medium-grained calcareous sandstone containing few small pebbles, few 

worn small heads of calcareous algae, and worn tips of 

Turritella. T. F. Thompson and W. P. Woodring, 1949.

The two samples from Trinidad Island contain 

species of larger Foraminifera, all of which, .with the 

exception of L. (P.) pustulosa and Fabiania cubensis, 

are restricted to the upper Eocene elsewhere. The 

assignment of these samples to the Eocene on the 

basis of the larger Foraminifera was made before formation assignment of the samples was known to the 

writer. Woodring (oral communication), however, 

doubtfully places these samples in a marine tongue in 

the Bohio formation. According to him, the molluecan 

fauna from the siltstone exposed on Trinidad Island is 

the same as the lower Oligocene fauna reported from 

Vamos Vamos and Palenquilla Point (Woodring and 

Thompson, 1949, pp. 230-231), and the provisional 

formation assignment used for those localities1 is 

adopted for Trinidad Island. The Bohio formation 

overlies the Gatuncillo formation in the northeastern 

part of the Canal Zone and east of the Zone.

It should be noted that the samples from Trinidad 

Island are the only ones upon which there is not complete age agreement on the basis of the larger Forr.minif era and mollusks. Because these samples contain e^ght 

species of larger Foraminifera, none of which has b^en 

reported from the lower Oligocene, it is not possible at 

the present to reconcile the conflicting evidence. For 

the time being the siltstone at Trinidad Island is considered upper Eocene or lower Oligocene.

There is always the possibility that the larger 

Foraminifera in these samples were reworked, but the

990815—52-
6 EOCENE AND OLIGOCENE LARGER FORAMINIFERA IN THE CANAL ZONE

evidence is against this hypothesis, as the specimens 

show little or no evidence of erosion. Moreover, there 

is not an admixture of faunas; the species are all from 

the Eocene, and all except two occur in the Gatuncillo 

formation. No discocyclinids were found at Trinidad 

Island, but none was found in seven samples from the 

Gatuncillo. If these localities represent the lower 

Oligocene as it is known in Florida, such species as 

Lepidocyclina mantelli and Operculinoides dius might 

be expected to occur instead of Eocene species.

THIN LENSES OF ALGAL LIMESTONE IN UPPER PART 

BOHIO FORMATION OF PACIFIC COASTAL AREA 

(UPPER OLIGOCENE)

At two localities in the Pacific coastal area, thin 

lenses of algal limestone in typical massive poorly sorted 

or unsorted basaltic conglomerate of the Bohio formation yielded the following species. Both localities 

represent horizons near the top of the Bohio of that area.

Species from Bohio formation of Pacific coastal area

Localities

38

Heterostegina antillea Cushman________________ X

Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) parvula Cushman._ ___.

waylandvaughani Cole________________ X

yurnagunensis Cushman ______________ ___.

yurnagunensis morganopsis Vaughan.___ X

(Nephrolepidina) vaughani Cushman________ X

(Eulepidina) favosa Cushman. _____________ X

gigas Cushman __________________________ ___.

X 

X

38. Transisthmian Highway. 0.6 mile north-northwest of junc~ 

tion with Panama National Highway. J. A. Tavelli and 

W. P. Woodring, 1947.

39. Transisthmian Highway, 5.7 miles north-northwest of junction with Panama National Highway, about 200 feet 

north of last (proceeding northward) crossing of Continental Divide. J. A. Tavelli and W. P. Woodring, 1947.

The only species found in the Bohio formation but 

not in the overlying Caimito formation are Lepidocyclina 

(Eulepidina) favosa Cushman and L. gigas Cushman. 

In the Gulf Coast of the United States in a zonation 

proposed by Gravell and Hanna (1938, p. 987) there 

are four larger foraminiferal zones above the top of the 

Eocene in ascending order: (1) Lepidocyclina mantelli 

zone, (2) Lepidocyclina supera zone, (3) Lepidocyclina 

(Eulepidina) zone, and (4) Miogypsina-Heterostegina 

zone. In Panama there is a similarity in that Eulepidina 

appears in the Bohio formation and in one sample from 

the lower part of the middle member of the Caimito 

formation in the Gatun Lake area. Three samples 

from the Caimito formation, however (including two 

from the member just mentioned) contain Miogypsina. 

The two lower zones have not been found as yet in 

Panama.

In the Gulf Coast of the United States Lepidocyclina 

favosa and L. undosa occur in the Suwannee limestone 

of Florida and in the Chickasawhay limestone of 

Alabama (Cole, 1945, p. 22; Gravell and Hanna, 1938, 

p. 987; Cooke, Gardner, Woodring, 1943, p. 1715).

These formations correlate with the Meson formation 

of the Tampico Embayment and the Antigua formation of Antigua, as well as other beds elsewhere in 

tropical America.

MacNeil (1944, p. 1314) placed the Chickasawhay 

limestone and its equivalent, the Suwannee limestone, 

above the Vicksburg group and below the Tampa limestone. This would be the equivalent of the Cl attian 

stage, or upper Oligocene.

For many years the Eulepidina zone was considered 

to be in the Glendon limestone on the mistaken assumption that this unit in Florida is the one which 

contains these forms (Cooke and Mossom, 1929, pp. 

67-73). Recently, MacNeil (1944, p. 1351) and Cooke 

(1945, p. 90) have assigned the limestone containing 

Eulepidina in Florida to the Suwannee limestone.

The Meson formation of the Tampico Embayment 

and the Antigua formation of Antigua are late Oligocene 

in age, correlating with the Suwannee limestone of 

Florida, rather than middle Oligocene, an age which 

was assigned them because of the erroneous correlation 

with the Glendon Limestone (Vaughan, 1933, p. 40).

CAIMITO FORMATION (UPPER OLIGOCENE FART)

The following chart shows the distribution of species 

from the Caimito formation, which overlies the Bohio 

formation. No fossils have so far been found in the 

lower member of the Caimito in the Gatun Lake area. 

The upper three members in Madden basin contain 

mollusks of early Miocene age. (See fig. 1.)

Undifferentiated Caimito Formation, Pacific Coastal Area, Panama (Upper Oligccene)

37. Transisthmian Highway, 0.25 mile north-northwest of 

junction with Panama National Highway. Thin lens of 

algal limestone in tuff and tuffaceous sandstone. J. A. 

Tavelli and W. P. Woodring, 1947.

Middle Member, Gatun lake Area, Canal Zone (Upper Oligocene)

43. About 150 feet eastward up path from west larding at 

Darien. Algal limestone. One-quarter mile southwest 

of U.S.G.S. locality 6021 (a cut, now covered rath soil 

and vegetation, on Panama Railroad), the type locality 

of Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) vaughani, but presumably a little higher stratigraphically in middle member. 

S. M. Jones and W. P. Woodring, 1947.

45. Peninsula north of Barbacoas Island, in field 0.8 mile 

northeast of Lighthouse 13. Pebbly calcareous tuffaceous sandstone. S. M. Jones and W. P. Woodring, 

1947.

53. Low garden islet 0.25 mile northeast of landing fft Barro 

Colorado Island. Soft sandy calcareous siltstone. S. M. 

Jones and W. P. Woodring, 1947.

55. Panama Railroad, east side of second cut soutl<iast of 

Bohio Peninsula. Soft calcareous tuffaceous sandstone. 

U.S.G.S. locality 6025, the type locality of Lepidocyclina 

pancanalis and Miogypsina (Miolepidocyclina) panarnensis. S. M. Jones and W. P. Woodring, 1947. 

110. Northward-flowing stream 0.25 mile east of Rfo Caraba, 

2.1 miles southwest of west end of Gamboa bridge. 

Medium-grained poorly sorted silty tuffaceous sandstone 

resting on conglomerate. R. H. Stewart, 1948. Also a 

collection made by W. P. Woodring, 1949.
DISTRIBUTION AND CORRELATION OP FAUNAS 

Distribution of species from upper Oligocene part of Caimito formation

Operculinoides panamensis (Cushman) ___ ___ ____

Heterostegina antillea Cushman __ ___ __ ____

israelskyi Gravell and Hanna.. _ ___ _______ _____

panamensis Gravell _______ ____ __ __ __ __ __ __

Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) asterodisca Nuttall _ _

canellei Lemoine and R. Douvill^ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

waylandvaughani Cole__ ___ _ _ ___ __ _____

yurnagunensis Cushman. _ ___ ___ _._

yurnagunensis morganopsis Vaughan._ _____

(Nephrolepidina) dartoni Vaughan _

tournoueri Lemoine and R. Douville _ _ __

vaughani Cushman. __ __________

(Eulepidina) undosa Cushman ____ _ _ _ Miogypsina (Miogypsina) antillea (Cushman) _

(M iolepidocyclina) panamensis (Cushman) __ ____

Pacific 

coastal 

area

Undifferentiated 

member

Gatun Lake area

Middle member Upper 

member

Madden basin

Calcareous sandstone-siltstone 

member

Quebrrncha 

syncfine 

area

Quebrrncha 

limestone 

memVr

Localities

37

X

X

X

X

X

43

X

X

----

X

45

X

X

X

X

X

X

53

X

X

X

X

55

.x

X 

X

X 

X

X

X

110

X

X

54

X

30

X

X

121

X

123

X

lla

X

X

X 

X 

X

y

X

X

Upper Member, Gatun Lake Area, Canal Zone (Upper Oligocene)

54. Puma Island, in front of shed near crest of island. Hard 

calcareous sandstone. S. M. Jones and W. P. Woodring, 

1947.

Calcareous Sandstone-Siltstone Member, Madden Basin, Pauama (Upper Oligocene)

30. Transisthmian Highway, 2 miles in direct line north-northwest of Rfo Chagres bridge. Medium-grained calcareous 

tuffaceous sandstone. W. P. Woodring, 1947.

121. Rio Chilibrillo, 0.4 mile in direct line above bridge on road 

to Madden Airfield. Coarse-grained poorly sorted 

calcareous somewhat tuffaceous sandstone, about 50 

feet above base of Caimito formation. W. P. Woodring, 

1949.

123. Rio Chilibrillo, 0.6 mile in direct line below bridge on road 

to Madden Airfield. Medium-grained somewhat calcareous and somewhat tuffaceous sandstone, about 1,000 

feet above base of Caimito formation. W. P. Woodring, 

1949.

Quebrancha limestone Member, Quebrancha Syncline, Panama (Upper Oligocene)

lla. Quarry of Panama Cement Company, 200 feet north of 

Transisthmian Highway and 0.9 mile in direct line 

northwest of highway bridge across Rio Gatuncillo. 

Middle part of member. J. R. Schultz and W. P. 

Woodring, 1947.

The lithology at locality 53 suggests descriptions of 

the marl at the submerged locality at Pena Blanca, the 

type locality for Lepidocyclina canellei Lemoine and 

R. Douville". Locality 43 is reasonably close to 

U.S.G.S. locality 6021, the type locality of Lepidocyclina vaughani Cushman. U.S.G.S. locality 6021 is 

not exposed at present, although it probably could be 

if the vegetation and mantle debris were cleared away.

The Caimito formation contains Miogypsina as well 

as Eulepidina. Gravell and Hanna (1938, p. 987) 

proved that the Miogypsina-Heterostegina zone in the 

Gulf Coast of the United States occurs stratigraphically above the Eulepidina zone. Heterostegina israekkyi 

and a stellate lepidocycline are index fossils of the zcne. 

Ellisor (1944, pp. 1355-1375) included the MiogypsinaHeterostegina zone of Gravell and Hanna in the Anahuac formation, a subsurface unit which she placed 

between "the basal sands of the Fleming above and 

the subsurface Frio below." Cole (1938, p. 19) encountered the Miogypsina-Heterostegina, zone in the 

Port St. Joe test well 3 stratigraphically above b^ds 

containing Eulepidina and below beds assigned to the 

Tampa limestone. Although these beds were referred 

only to the Oligocene, they should be considered to 

represent the Suwannee limestone. In other words, 

their stratigraphic position is above the Byram formation with Lepidocyclina supera and below the Tampa 

limestone.

The Suwannee limestone is apparently divisible into 

two zones, the lower one, the Eulepidina zone, and the 

upper one, the Miogypsina-Heterostegina zone. In 

these terms the upper part of the Bohio formation in 

the Pacific coastal area and at least the lower part of 

the middle member of the Caimito formation in the 

Gatun Lake area are the stratigraphic equivalents of 

the Eulepidina zone of the Suwannee limestone. The 

remainder of the Caimito formation is the stratigraphic 

equivalent of the Miogypsina-Heterostegina zone of 

the Suwannee limestone.

Woodring and Thompson (1949, p. 234) in discussing the upper member of the Caimito formation on 

Puma Island stated that it contains a small Lepidccyclina which, on the basis of field identification, vTas 

recorded as "probably L. canellei." The sample from 

this locality (54) contains only L. yurnagunensis. 

The rest of their field identifications that were cheched 

prove to be correct.
8 EOCENE AND OLIGOCENE LARGER FORAMINIFERA IN THE CANAL ZONE

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES

Family IITUOLIDAE

Genus YABEKINEI1A Vaughan, 1928

Yaberinella jamaicensis Vaughan

Plate 6, figures 1-8

1928. Yaberinella jamaicensis Vaughan, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 

2, pp. 7-12, pis. 4, 5.

1929. Yaberinella trelawniensis Vaughan, idem, vol. 3, pp. 374, 

376, pi. 39, fig. 1.

The specimens of Yaberinella 'jamaicensis from 

Panama occur in limestone, and it is difficult to obtain 

specimens from which oriented sections can be prepared. 

These specimens appear to represent the same species 

as the one from Jamaica for which Vaughan gives a 

complete and accurate description.

Although the median section (pi. 6, fig. 6) shows 

normally a single embryonic chamber, one not centered 

oblique median section (pi. 6, fig. 2) has a bilocular 

embryonic apparatus. The single-chambered embryonic apparatus has diameters of 640 by 680 /t. 

The bilocular embryonic chambers are nephrolepidine 

in type. The initial chamber has internal diameters 

of 310 by 450 n and the second chamber measures 180 

by 480 n.

In both the median and transverse sections the initial 

chamber or chambers are surrounded by a ring of small, 

square chambers. Topotypes of Yaberinella jamaicensis 

also possess this feature and are illustrated (pi. 6, figs. 

7, 8) for comparison.

The largest specimen observed has a diameter of 26 

mm. There is considerable range in size, many specimens having a diameter of 5 mm or less.

Occurrence.—Locs. 131, 131a. Distribution elsewhere: Middle (as Y. jamaicensis} and upper (as Y. 

trelawniensis) Eocene of Jamaica.

Remarks.—Although the diameter of the embryonic 

chamber is normally about 600 M, one specimen has an 

embryonic chamber with diameters of 820 by 740 ju. 

This is approximately the size of the embryonic chamber 

of the topotype which is figured. The diameters of this 

chamber are 860 by 680 p.

Vaughan (1929, p. 376) in the discussion of the distinguishing features between Y. jamaicensis and Y. 

trelawniensis wrote:

Very marked differences between the form now described and 

Y. jamaicensis are not obvious. The initial chamber of Y. 

trelawniensis seems to be smaller and because the interspaces 

between the skeletal elements are narrower the internal structure 

appears finer than that of Y. jamaicensis.

Vaughan gave the diameters of the initial chamber of 

Y. trelawniensis as 400 by 350 /t.

The specimens from Panama are identical with Y. 

jamaicensis which Vaughan reports from the middle 

Eocene Yellow limestone. Y. trelawniensis occurs in 

the upper Eocene part of the overlying White limestone. 

Because there seems to be no reliable criterion by 

which to discriminate Y. jamaicensis from Y. trelawniensis, these two species are combined. The stratigraphic 

range of the combined species is middle and upper 

Eocene.

Family CAMERINIDAE 

Genus CAMERINA Bruguiere, 1792 

Camerina striatoreticulata (I. Rutten)

Plate 3, figures 12-20

1928. Nummulities striatoreticulatus L. Rutten, I'. Akad. 

Wetensch. Amsterdam, Proc., vol. 31, pp. 1068-1070, 

text figs. 41-50, pi., figs. F-J.

1929. Camerina sp. Vaughan, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 3, p. 377,

pi. 40, fig. 1. 

1935. Camerina petri M. G. Rutten, idem, vol. 9, pp. 530, 531,

text fig. 2, pi. 59, figs. 1-5 [not Nummulites petri Mancini,

1928]. 

1938. Nummulites striatoreticulatus L. Rutten. Barker, Geol.

Mag., vol. 75, pp. 49-51, pi. 3, figs. 1-5. 

1941. Camerina striatoreticulata (L. Rutten). Vaughan and

Cole, Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 30, p"~>. 31, 32,

pi. 8, figs. 5-7. 

1949. Camerina striatoreticulata (L. Rutten). CoH Jour.

Paleontology, vol. 23, p. 269, pi. 52, figs. 11-13; pi. 55,

fig. 7.

Test biconvex, sloping regularly from the center to 

the periphery. Slightly weathered specimens have a 

central mass of clear shell material beyond which there 

are a few pustules of clear shell material arranged in an 

irregularly circular manner around the central mass. 

These pustules occur in the intersutural areas and are 

elongated radially. They have diameters of 100 by 

200 n on the average. Larger and smaller pustules 

occur. The sutures appear as distinctly raised lines of 

clear shell material radiating from the cente" to the 

periphery. Their course is slightly wavy.

Measurements of sections of Camerina striatoreticulata .from locality 140

Height- __________ ._ _ __. . _ _ Width.. ._ __ ___ .. _____ _ .

Thickness ____________________

Diameters of initial chamber_____ _______ _ ___ _ __ ____ _ ___

Diameters of second chamber. _______________ ____ ___ __

Number of whorls___ ____________________ __ ___ ____

Number of chambers in first volution __ ______

Number of chambers in final volution___________ ______ ____ ____

Surface diameter of umbonal plug _ _______ ___ _____ _ __________

Median Transverse

Specimen

1

210X260 M---_ — -

100X200 M---- --

6Ji— ~- --- — —

7

21_______________

2

3.6 mm___ ______

3.6 mm_-__ ___-_

200X270 M-- -----

100X180 M---- —

5>£_-— -------

8— __ — - — — -

19__._____ — _____

3

4.16 mm

1.5 mm 

260X240 M

240-400 M
FAMILY CAMEEINIDAE 9

Occurrence.— LOGS. 23, 125, 137, 140, 145, 149b. 

Distribution elsewhere: Upper Eocene of Trinidad, 

Curagao, Jamaica, and Cuba.

Genus OPERCUIINOIDES Hanzawa, 1935 

Operculinoides floridensis (Heilprin)

1885. Nummulites floridensis Heilprin, Nat. Acad. Sci. Proc.,

Philadelphia, pp. 321, 322, text fig. 

1949. Operculinoides floridensis (Heilprin). Cole, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 23, p. 270, pi. 52, fig. 3.

Specimens which are identical with those reported 

previously from Panama occur in one sample.

Occurrence. — Loc. 108. Distribution elsewhere: Upper Eocene of Florida.

Operculinoides jacksonensis (Gravell and Hanna) 

Plate 1, figures 1-9, 20, 21; plate 3, figure 8.

1935. Camerina jacksonensis Gravell and Hanna, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 9, p. 331, pi. 29, figs. 1-5, 7, 8, 10-11, 13, 14. 

1939. Camerina jacksonensis Gravell and Hanna. Barker,

U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 86, no. 3052, p. 324, pi. 13,

fig. 6; pi. 20, fig. 8; pi. 22, fig. 9. 

1942. Camerina jacksonensis Gravell and Hanna. Cole, Florida

Geol. Survey Bull. 20, pp. 26, 27, pi. 8, figs. 3-5. 

1945. Camerina jaeksonensis Gravell and Hanna. Cole, idem,

Bull. 28, pp. 101, 102, pi. 13, figs. 3-6.

Operculinoides jacksonensis is similar in internal 

structure and type of aperture to 0. moodybranchensis,

which has been transferred in this paper from 

ina. However, 0. jacksonensis is smaller than 0. 

moodybranchensis and has beads of clear shell material developed on the surface .of the test, whereas 

0. moodybranchensis is unomamented except for an 

umbonal mass of clear shell material.

Operculinoides jacksonensis and 0. kugleri intergrade. 

Eventually the two species may be combined. However, 0. jacksonensis is more inflated, the beads on the 

sutures are larger, and the axial plug is more distinct.

Occurrence.—Locs. 108, 149, 149b. Distribution 

elsewhere: Moodys Branch formation of the Jackson 

group or its equivalents in Texas, Louisiana, and 

Mississippi; the Ocala limestone of Florida; the Tantoyuca formation of the Tampico Embayment.

Operculinoides kugleri Vaughan and Cole 

Plate 3, figures 1-7.

1941. Operculinoides kugleri Vaughan and Cole, Geol. Soc. 

America Spec. Paper 30, pp. 42, 43, pi. 10, figs. 3-5, 

7, 8; pi. 13, figs. 1-3.

Specimens assigned to Operculinoides kugleri are 

small, compressed, completely involute and costaie, 

with beads on many of the costae. The outer volution 

near the apertural end of the test is, normally, extremely 

compressed, and fragile.

Measurements of sections of Operculinoides jacksonensis

'

Height __ _ _._ _ _ _

Width.... ____._.____._.__

Thickness. __ _ - __ ___

Diameters of initial chamber.

Diameters of second 

chamber. _ __ .... - _

Distance across both

chambers. 

Number of whorls. __

Number of chambers in

first volution. 

Number of chambers in

final volution. 

Surface diameter of axial

plug.

n

1.5 mm. __

90X80 M---

90X50 n...

140 M-- — —

4%____ _____

23. ________

Median

12

80X70 p....

80X50 it...

130/i--- —

5K— ------

8

25_____-___

23

1.32 mm _ .

70 M---- —

80X40M---

120 it......

3^_________

8-__-_-___

26_________

Specimen

M

1.66 mm—

0.6mm— _

200 M ____

15

1.96 mm__

0.82 mm—

-

220 ft....

Transverse

16

2.44 mm__

0.9 mm.

260 it....

17

2.6mm _

0.94 mm__

240 it....

28

. 0.74 mm

200 n

i Locality 108. > Locality 149.

Measurements of sections of Operculinoides kugleri

Height__ ___ . _ __ _ ._-.___ _______________

Width-__-_- _ ______________________________

Thickness. _ _ _ ______---_ _ _ _____ _____

Surface diameter of axial plug _____________

Diameters of initial chamber- ____ _____ _ _

Diameters of second chamber—- ___

Distance across both chambers __ ___

Number of whorls. __ _____ _ __

Number of chambers in first volution, ___ __ _

Number of chambers in final volution _ _

Median Transverse

Specimen

1

1.83mm _ _ 

1.74 mm__ __

40X45 M---

25X50 it... 

75 M-------

5}_— ______

9_-_____--_

32__-______

2

1.74mm____ 

1.66mm _ _

50X60 it... 

30X65 n... 

90 /._______ *>v.

S... .......

24_________

3

1.57mm _ _ 

1.45 mm____

40X40 it... 

30X50 it... 

75 M--- — —

5J4

7______-__-

18___-_____

4

1.56 mm _ __

80X80 M ---

45X80 M---

130 it......

4 ___ _ ___

9

24_________

5

1.49 mm__

0.45 mm__

None__'__

6

1.35 nnr

0.41 mrr

None

EJ *"
10 EOCENE AND OLIGOCENE LARGER FORAMINIFERA IN THE CANAL ZONE

Occurrence.—Locs. 149, 149b. Distribution elsewhere: Upper Eocene of Trinidad.

Remarks.—The more inflated specimens of Operculinoides kugleri intergrade with 0. jacksonensis (Gravell 

and Hanna) and 0. trinitatensis (Nuttall). However, 

until a detailed study can be made of a larger suite of 

thin sections, the three specific names are retained.

Operculinoides moodybranchensis (Gravell and Hanna) 

Plate 1, figures 10-19

1935. Camerina moodybranchensis Gravell and Hanna, Jour. 

P Paleontology, vol. 9, pp. 332, 333, pi. 29, figs. 15, 22-24. 

1939. Camerina moodybranchensis Gravell and Hanna. Barker,

U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 86, no. 3052, pp. 323, 324,

pi. 13, fig. 5; pi. 20, fig. 2; pi. 22, fig. 2.

1941. Camerina moodybranchensis Gravell and Harna. Coler 

Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 19, p. 28, pi. 9, fig. 9; pi. 11, 

figs. 9-15.

1942. Camerina moodybranchensis Gravell and Harna. Cole,

idem, Bull. 20, p. 27, pi. 8, figs. 6-8. 

1945. Camerina moodybranchensis Gravell and Harna. Cole,

idem, Bull. 28, pp. 102, 103, pi. 13, figs. 2, 7-9, 12.

Although Operculinoides moodybranchensis has been 

referred to the genus Camerina, detailed study of the 

well-preserved specimens from Panama demonstrate 

that it possesses all the characteristics of Operculinoides 

wilcoxi (Heilprin), the genotype of Operculinoides 

Hanzawa, 1935. Details of the wall structure and the 

aperture are illustrated on plate 1, figure 11.

Measurements of sections of Operculinoides moodybranchensis from locality 108

Width.—— —————— ——————— ————

Number of chambers in first volution _____ _ .. .....

Surface diameter of axial plug __ —— __ ———— __ . _ ..

Median Trar •'verse

Specimen

1

2.44mm. ....

2.3mm ......

100X120/1...

120X40/1—— 

150/1.————

U.. .........

32——— ———

2

2.6mm ......

2.5mm ......

80/1————

80X40/X- ——

27———————

3

2.4mm———

30——————

4

QAV7H it

110X60 /i- — 

140 M- — ——

8— ..... ....

27——— ———

5

100X90/1--- 

100X60/-——

160/1.—— —

10.----- ----

6

3.36mm.....

100 /«.. ......

33..... ......

7

3.5 mm

0.9 mm

165/i

300/1————

8

2.5+ mm 

0.64mm

120+ M 

200 JM

Occurrence.—Loc. 108. Distribution elsewhere: 

Moodys Branch formation of the Jackson group or its 

equivalents in Texas, Louisiana, and Mississippi; the 

Ocala limestone of Florida; the Tantoyuca formation 

of the Tampico Embayment.

Operculinoides ocalanus (Cushman) 

Plate 2, figures 5-11

1921. Operculinafpcalana Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. 

Paper 128, p. 129, pi. 19, figs. 4, 5.

1941. Operculinoides ocalanus (Cushman). Cole, Florida Geol. 

Survey Bull. 19, pp. 31, 32, pi. 10, figs. 4-7 (references).

1944. Operculinoides ocalanus (Cushman). Cole, idem, Bull. 

26, pp. 48, 49, pi. 1, figs. 5, 10; pi. 2, fig. 8; pi. 5, figs. 

1, 4-6; pi. 7, figs. 18, 20.

1949. Operculinoides ocalanus (Cushman). Cole, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 23, p. 270, pi. 52, figs. 1, 2.

The Panamanian specimens of Operculinoides ocalanus 

are identical with specimens from Florida. Several

external views and thin sections are illustrated to show 

the characteristics of this species.

Occurrence.—Locs. 125, 13 la, 132, 138a, 140. Distribution elsewhere: Ocala limestone of Alabama, 

Georgia, and Florida; the Tantoyuca formation of the 

Tampico Embayment; the upper Eocene of Ecuador; 

probably from the upper Eocene of Haiti.

Operculinoides panamensis (Cushman) 

Plate 2, figures 1-4

1919. Nummitlites panamensis Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull.. 

103, p. 98, pi. 43, figs. 9, 10.

1941. Operculinoides panamensis (Cushman). Vaughan and 

Cole, Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 30, pp. 46, 47, 

pi. 10, figs. 13-16; pi. 11, figs. 1-4, and probably fig. 5.

Vaughan and Cole redescribed this species from topotypes. The specimens in the present collection resemble 

the topotypes.

Measurements of sections of Operculinoides panamensis from locality 55

Height________ ______________________________ -_-_-____________.

Width.-.- — __- — ___ — — _ -______-______---_-__--_____-_____

Thickness __ - _ _ _____________ _____ ___

Diameter of initial chamber _ _ ___ ________ _ __ ____ _ ____

Number of coils _ ___ _ ____

Number of chambers in first volution _ ____ _ _ _

Number of chambers in final volution. _ ____ _ __

l

1.7mm ___ _

20/x___-____-_--_-_

20X30 M------- __

45 /*____ _____ ————

4#________ ________

8_________________-

24___._ — __________

2

1.4 mm__ __ _

20 M

15X30 At___________

40 /*___.______ —— _

4V.

20— — ——— — — _-_

3

1.74 mm

0.64 mm

160-240 »

Specimen
FAMILY CAMEEINIDAE 11

Occurrence.—Loc. 55. Distribution elsewhere: Upper Oligocene of Trinidad.

Opeixmlinoides trinitatensis (Nuttall) 

Plate 2, figures 17-19; plate 3, figures 9-11

1928. Operculina trinitatensis Nuttall, Geol. Soc. London, Quart.

Jour., pp. 102, 103, pi. 8, figs. 10, 11; text figs. 7-9. 

1941. Operculinoides trinitatensis (Nuttall). Vaughan and Cole,

Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 30, pp. 47-50, pi. 10,

fig. 12; pi. 13, figs. 4-14.

The three specimens of Operculinoides trinitatensis 

which illustrate the external appearance have the 

following measurements:

Height._______________ 2.74 mm.

Width___,____--______ 2.41 mm_

Thickness______________ 1.16 mm_

Costae or septal filaments_ 16_______

1.91 mm_ 1.82 mm

1.71 mm_ 1.7 ram

0.96 mm_ 0.83 mm

19____.__ 16

The following measurements are from the four thin 

sections available:

Height ___ __ _ __ _ .

Width

Diameters of initial chamber

Number of whorls____ ____ _

Number of chambers in first volution

Number of chambers in final volution. _

Median

2.3 mm 1-9 mm

50X50 M __. ______

30X60 /»---------

86 M-- — ---------

4% -.

7__-_____.___--__

50X50 M------ —

30X50/»--_-_-___

90 /»---- — -- — —

5— __-_-___---___

7__

About 15

Transverse,

2.49 mm_ . ___

0.9 mm-___ __-._

85 /»---- — - — —

1.82 mm

1.09 mm 

None

The final volution has been infiltrated so badly that 

an accurate count of chambers is impossible.

Occurrence.—LOGS. 149, 149b. Distribution elsewhere : Upper Eocene of Trinidad.

Remarks.—The original description and illustrations 

of this species were not entirely adequate, but Vaughan 

and Cole studied topotype and other specimens assigned to this species, giving an expanded description 

and numerous illustrations.

In Trinidad this species is associated with 0. kugleri 

Vaughan and Cole, an association which occurs also in 

Panama. As Vaughan and Cole (1941, p. 50) have 

noted, " * * * the more compressed, more costate 

forms approach 0. kugleri."

Operculinoides vaughani (Cushman) 

Plate 2, figures 12-16

1921. Operculina vaughani Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof.

Paper 128-E, p. 128, pi. 19, figs. 6, 7. 

1935. Operculina vaughani Cushman. Gravell and Hanna,

Jour. Paleontology, vol. 9, p. 334, pi. 29, figs. 6. 9, 12,

16-21. 

1945. Operculinoides vaughani (Cushman). Cole, Florida Geol.

Survey Bull. 28, pp. 104, 105, pi. 16, figs. 11-13.

The external view of a microspheric and of a megalospheric specimen of Operculinoides vaughani are illustrated to demonstrate the differences in surface 

ornamentation between generations. The microspheric 

individual has much heavier and more pronounced 

sutures than does the smaller megalospheric individual.

The outer wall of one of the megalospheric specimens 

(pi. 2, fig. 15) shows canals of the type illustrated by 

Vaughan and Cole (1936, p. 491, pi. 36, fig. 4a) for 0. 

vicksburgensis.

Occurrence.—Locs. 13 la, 140. Distribution elsewhere : Moodys Branch formation of the Jackson group 

or its equivalents in Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, 

and Georgia; the Ocala limestone of Florida.

Genus HETEROSTEGINA D'Orbigny, 1826 

Heterostegina antillea Cushman 

Plate 5, figures 1-11

1919. Heterostegina antillea Cushman, Carnegie Inst. Washington, Pub. 291, pp. 49, 50, pi. 2, fig. Ib; pi. 5, figs 1, 2.

1941. Heterostegina antillea Cushman. Vaughan and Cole, 

Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 30, p. 54, pi. 15- figs. 

10-12; pi. 16.

Heterostegina antillea is characterized by an inf ated 

umbonal area surrounded by a relatively wide and 

comparatively thin rim. The embryonic chambers 

are large and have relatively thick walls.

Measurements of typical sections of Heterostegina antillea

Locality

Height.—— .——.———— ———————.— — — —

Width— ____——_———____.— ___ — .-_——-—-

Distance across both chambers ______ _ . _ ---------

38

Median

3.2mm

2.9 mm ___

185X220 p.. _ 

100X220 it... 

300 it...... .. 

1- ----------

2J_._— — -

3.16+ mm__- 

2.7+ mm. ...

200X220 it. ..

115X320 it. -

325 M——— — 

1.. ........ ..

"i.... ........

Transverse

3.3 mm... _ 

0.72 mm __ .

..

190 ft.. ......

.....

39

Median

2.5+ mm .... 

2.1+ mm ....

170X210 M-- -

60X230 M- —

240 it.. ...... 

1 ------- .--

Transverse

0.76 mm .....

0.52mm .....

..............

43

Median

4.2mm _ ...

195X220 11. -

140X260 ii. -

340 M— — — 

1— ...... ...

2H — ..... ..

Transverse

3.9 mm

1.04 mm .....

2.0mm ......

0.34mm .....

440-480 M——

240 M- -------

45

Median

2.8+ mm 

2+ mm

90X110 it 

55X130 it 

160 j«

2H
12 EOCENE AND OLIGOCENE LARGER FORAMINIFERA IN THE CANAL ZONE

Occurrence.—Locs. lla, 37, 38, 39, 43, 45. Distribution elsewhere: Upper Oligocene of Antigua and 

Trinidad.

Heterostegina israelskyi Gravell and Hanna

Plate 1, figure 22; plate 4, figure 1; plate 5, figures 12-14; plate 6,

figures 17, 18

1937. Heterostegina israelskyi Gravell and Hanna, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 11, pp. 524, 525, pi. 62, figs. 1-4.

1937. Heterdstegina texana Gravell and Hanna, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 11, pp. 525, 526, pi. 63, figs. 1-4.

1938. Heterostegina texana Gravell and Hanna. Cole, Florida 

Geol. Survey Bull. 16, pp. 40, 41, pi. 5, figs. 18-21; 

pi. 6, figs. 1, 2.

1941. Heterostegina texana Gravell and Hanna. Cole, idem, 

Bull. 19, p. 33, pi. 10, figs. 8, 9; pi. 11, figs. 1, 2.

1944. Heterostegina texana Gravell and Hanna. Cole, idem, 

Bull. 26, p. 52, pi. 6, figs. 7-9.

1945. Heterostegina texana Gravell and Hanna. Cole, idem, 

Bull. 28, pp. 110, 111, pi. 15, figs. 9, 10.

Test thin, fragile, with a very small, slightly elevated 

umbo over the embryonic chambers. Surface of the 

test unornamented, but slightly weathered specimens 

show the sutures of the chambers and the chamberlets. 

The thickness through the embryonic chambers is 

about 0.44 mm and the flange thickness is 0.16 to 

0.18 mm. In the flange the thickness of the median 

layer is 60 to 80 /u; each wall of the flange has a thickness 

of 40 fj. to .60 /u. Average sized specimens have diameters of about 6 mm.

The embryonic chambers are bilocular, with a thick 

wall on the side away from the first median chamber

and a thin wall on the side adjacent to the first median 

chamber. Three median sections from locality 110 

show the embryonic chambers.

The measurements of two of these are in close agreement, but those of the third show a much larger embryonic apparatus and a smaller operculiiie chamber.

All of the sections have one operculine chamber 

following the embryonic chambers. The succeeding 

chamber is divided into three or more chamber1 ets.

In one transverse section the distance across both 

embryonic chambers is 260 /u and the height of these 

chambers is 120 /u; in another section the distance across 

both chambers is 220 ju and the height is 180 /u.

The chamberlets are rectangular in shape ard vary 

considerably in size. Certain chambers have radial 

diameters of 80 /u, whereas adjacent ones have radial 

diameters of 220 /u. The tangential diameters of the 

chamberlets in both of these chambers is about 85 /u.

Occurrence.—Loc. 55 (rare), 110 (abundant). Distribution elsewhere: Anahuac formation (Heterostegina 

zone) (Ellisor, 1944, pp. 1355-1375) of late Oligocene 

age of Texas; the Suwannee limestone of Florida; the 

Meson formation of the Tampico Embayment.

Remarks.—The compressed, fragile test and the 

small umbo of these specimens are indicative of Heterostegina israelskyi, but the dimensions of the embryonic 

chambers are similar to those of H. texana. It is 

apparent that there is complete gradation between 

these species, and as the stratigraphic horizon of the 

type specimens is the same, it would appear that they 

should be combined.

Measurements of median sections of Heterostegina israelskyi from locality 110

Internal diameters of initial chamber-., ___

Internal diameters of second chamber_____ _ _

Thickness of outer wall_ __. _ _ _ _

Internal diameters of operculine chambers. _ _ _

i

230 A»---~ — — —

140X140 M-- _ ----

90X200 M-- -- - --

20 A»------ — — —

60X220 ju-- ___ --

Specimen

2

220 A*--- — — — —

130X140 M _.'_. _ _

80X180 M---~------

20 M _ ______________

60X200 M __ _ -._

3

320 M

180XT40 y>

120X?OOju

30 M

100X160 ju
FAMILY GAMEBINIDAE 13

Heterostegina ocalana Cushman

Plate 4, figures 2-18 

1921. Heterostegina ocalana Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof.

Paper 128-E, pp. 130, 131, pi. 21, figs. 15-18. 

1921. Heterostegina ocalana glabra Cushman, idem, p. 131, pi.

21, fig. 19.

1941. Heterostegina ocalana Cushman. Cole, Florida Geol. 

Survey Bull. 19, pp. 32, 33, pi. 11, figs. 3-6.

Heterostegina ocalana was described by Cushman 

(1921, pp. 130, 131) from specimens obtained from the 

Cummer Lumber Company's phosphate plant no. 6, 

1% miles sofrth of Newberry, Alachua County, Fla. 

Although the internal structure of this species was not 

described or illustrated, the photomicrographs of the 

external appearance are exceptionally clear.

Cole (1941, pp. 32, 33) assigned certain specimens 

from the United Brotherhood of Carpenter and Joiner's 

of America, Power House well no. 2, located two miles 

north of Lakeland, Polk County, Fla., to this species. 

Five specimens were illustrated, two of which demonstrated the details of the median section and two the 

details of the transverse section.

In the Panamanian deposits certain specimens resemble the description and illustrations of the internal 

features given by Cole, but other specimens appear to 

have a larger number of operculine chambers.

Therefore, thin sections were made of specimens from 

the Cummer Lumber Company's phosphate pit no. 6, 

collected by Dr. H. G. Naegeli of the Florida Geological 

Survey, to ascertain the internal features of specimens 

which would be virtual topotypes of H. ocalana.

Other specimens, collected by Dr. Herman Gunter 

and the writer from Red Bluff, Flint River, about 7 

miles above Bainbridge, Ga., were sectioned also because 

these specimens were identified by their external 

appearance as H. ocalana.

The Florida specimens have from three to seven 

operculine chambers following the embryonic chambers. 

These specimens are megalospheric, as one of the specimens from Red Bluff (pi. 4, fig. 16) is a microspheric 

one. This specimen has fifteen operculine chamber^.

Although most of the specimens from Panama have 

from 8 to 14 operculine chambers, they are so similar to 

typical H. ocalana that they may be referred to that 

species. However, it should be noted that specimens 

from locality 140 have only two operculine chambers 

and the embryonic chambers are much larger than any 

observed in typical H. ocalana.

It is extremely doubtful, however, that a new species 

should be proposed for these specimens from locality 

140. Because typical specimens of H. ocalana show so 

much variation at a single locality, it is entirely logical 

to find marked variation in individuals from different 

localities, as food, depth, salinity, and like factors 

presumably play an important role in the individual's 

development.

Measurements of the specimens from Panama, Georgia, and Florida follow:

990815—52———a

•aPi

&

•§

Transverse

Median

Us

S

mIN

•«

ty

Nearewbery, Alachua 

County, Fla.

*

S

•

:

a s g a

1 1 a| * 3.

to ^ >o IN g _,

c4 o t-I c5 IN •*

£ 

£

de>

'£ 

£

CI

e-

£

e> 

p

I

••j 

c-

\

c 

Tl

£ 

£ «

Cf

£

CC 

C'

£

c 

Tt

£

l>

CS

£ 

£

r~

cr

£ 

£

oc

T 

o

2.7 mm....

2.5 mm

I

I

a

o> a

i

CO I 00 t 

C) t5 !

!>• Tl

O t3 00 Tl

O O i-

£ 

£

e^

C'

£ 

£

a 

^

I

c 

f

I

cr 

PI

a

IM

E 

£

Tt

IM

Sf 1O

£ 

fj

i-

«

i2.0mm

Width.—— ................. Thickness ________ ...

Diameter ofumbo __.....

t

f

c

Tc

£ 

£

e\

c

ot

*

S

:

^

=

T

.

S

,

!

o 55

Thickness offlanee.-. ___

a

S

a 

£

§

50X100 /*.. 

100 u

i

' V 3 i A •<-

! O BF 

CO iH

a' *

CO i-H 

X X £

o o ?

O CO

X X |

o *o c

00 >O IH

:

8

:

i-H8

1

:

:

a

S 

X

§

| 

g

: 

1

a

o 

S , 

' X I

8 S

a 

S X =« 

2 u

a.

OO i

X g

a 

§ 

X

50X100 it..

45X60/4— 35X80/*...

Surface diameter ofaxial 

plug. 

Diameters initial of

chambers. 

Diameters ofsecond

:

: 

g

a

r>

f

CC

CC

o

c

(X

(X

^

V

Tt

c

sCf

es

•^ f-^w

s

CO

or

chamber. 

Distance both across 

chambers. 

Nnmber ofperculine 

chambers. 

coils.... Number of........
14 EOCENE AND OLIGOCENE LARGER FORAMINIFERA IN THE CANAL ZONE

Occurrence.—Locs. 22a, 125, 140. Distribution elsewhere: Ocala limestone of Florida and Georgia.

Heterostegina panamensis Gravell

Plate 5, figures 15-19

\ 

1933. Heterostegina panamensis Gravell, Smithsonian Misc.

Coll., vol. 89, no. 11, pp. 17, 18, pi. 1, figs. 10, 11.

The specimens of Heterostegina panamensis from 

Panama are slightly thicker through the center than 

the type specimens from Venezuela. -The type specimens have four operculine chambers, whereas those in 

the present collection have one or two. As these 

differences are slight, the specimens from Panama are 

referred to this species.

Occurrence.—Locs. lla, 55. Distribution elsewhere: 

San Louis limestone of late Oligocene age in Venezuela.

Remarks.—This species is a small, more or less 

evenly biconvex one with a very pronounced axial plug.

Family AMPHISTEGINIDAE

Genus HEUCOSTEGINA Barker and Grimsdale, 1936 

Helicostegina soldadensis Grimsdale 

Plate 6, figures 9-12

1941. Helicostegina soldadensis Grimsdale, Geol. Soc. America 

Spec. Paper 30, pp. 77, 86, 87, pi. 45, fig. 4; pi. 46, 

figs. 1-7.

The specimens of Helicostegina soldadensis from 

Panama are identical with the types from central 

Trinidad and Soldado Island. Moreover, the association of other species with it is nearly the same.

Occurrence.—Loc. 22a. Distribution elsewl ^re: Upper Eocene of Trinidad and Soldado Island.

Family CYMBALOFORIDAE 

Genus FABIANIA A. Silvestri, 1926 

Fabiania cubensis (Cushman and Bermudez) 

Plate 6, figures 13-16

1936. Pseudorbitolina cubensis Cushman and Bermudez, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 12, p. 59, pi. 10, 

figs. 27-30.

1944. Eodictyoconus cubensis (Cushman and Bermuc'ez). Cole 

and Bermudez, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 28, no. 

113, pp. 336-340, pi. 27, fig. 1; pi. 28, figs. 1-12; pi. 29, 

figs. 1-5 (references).

Test plano-convex with a deeply excavated umbilicus 

on the ventral side. An average specimen of Fabiania 

cubensis has a diameter of 1.2 mm; a height of 1.0 mm; 

and the umbilicus has a diameter of 0.6 mm. The 

dorsal surface is covered by a reticulate mesh formed 

by the sutures of the chambers and chamberlets.

Occurrence.—Locs. 15, 22a, 131, 131a, 138a, 140, 

149b. Distribution elsewhere: Middle Eocene of Cuba 

and Florida.

Remarks.—There does not appear to be any reliable 

feature on which to distinguish the Panamanian specimens from the type specimens from Cuba. In Cuba 

this species occurs with typical middle Eocene species, 

such as, Dictyoconus americanus (Cushman) and Gunteria floridana Cushman and Ponton. In Florida this 

species is found in sediments assigned to the middle 

Eocene (Cole, 1944, p. 36). However, in Panama it is 

associated with definite late Eocene species.

Measurements of sections of Heterostegina panamensis

Height.. -__--____-_---__-_--___----_________-________

Width_____________ ___________________________________

Thickness __ __ _ ___________________

Surface diameter of axial plug ____ __________

Diameters of initial chamber. ___ _ ___ _________

Diameters of second chamber ______ _ ___ _ ____ __

Distance across both chambers. ___ _ ___ _______

Number of operculine chambers _______ ____ ___ __

Number of coils ____ _ __________ _. _____

11

Median

2.1 mm _ _ ___

130X140,.-- -

80X185 M------

220 ju

1_ _ __ _ _____

2^._. _________

Localit

a

Transverse

1.06 mm ______

580 ji__________

215 M--— -----

y

55

Median

1.7 mm ___

115X125 M ___._

60X180 M------

185 M- --------

Transverse

1.84 mm

0.92 mm

520 fi

2?0 M

Measurements of sections of Helicostegina soldadensis from locality 22o

Diameter ___ _ _ _' _ ___________

Thickness ______ _ ____ _________

Number of coils in spire _ _ ___ __ ____________

Number of chambers in last coil __ _ _ _______ ___

Internal diameters of initial chamber ________ __ ______ ___ _

Internal diameters of second chamber ________ __ ____

Internal diameter of Itoth chambers ________ __ _____ ____

Wall thickness of initial chamber. _ _______________

Dimensions of flange chamberlets: 

Radial diameters. _____________ ______

Tangential diameters. _ ________ ___

0.8 mm_____

3 + _-___.____

22

75X80 M-----

30X80 M-- _

110 M--------

20 M __ ______

Median

3J4_. ...... -

22

80X70 M-----

20X30 M --- -

100 M--------

20 M---------

20-40 M------

50-80 M------

4_ _ ________

27_---______-

40X40 ju_____

20X40 M _____

80 M---------

20 /I--- — —

20-50 „______

20-80 n______

Transverse

0.9 mm

0.46 mm

80X80 M

31X50 n

125 fi

20 u
FAMILY OKBITOIDIDAE

Family ORBITOIDIDAE

Subfamily LEPIDOCYCIINAE Tan

Genus LEPIDOCYCUNA Giimbel, 1870

Subgenus PLZOLEPZDZNA E. Douville, 1917

Lepidocyclina (Pliolepidina) gubernacula Cole, n. sp.

Plate 8, figures 9-14; plate 9, figures 1, 2; plate 12, figure 16; 

plate 20, figure 17; plate 23, figure 13

Megalospheric generation.—Test of medium size from 

8.5 to 10 mm in diameter, disc-shaped. The central 

area is very slightly inflated and is bounded by a thinner 

portion beyond which the test thickens into a distinctly 

elevated rim at the periphery of the test. The edge of 

the test is corrugated, the individual ridges of which are 

the eroded walls of the equatorial chambers. The 

shape of the equatorial chambers in plan view can be 

ascertained for a short distance inward from the 

periphery, as the equatorial chambers at the margin 

of the test are not covered by lateral chambers. The 

low, slightly inflated central portion of the test is 

covered by a reticulate mesh formed by the walls of 

the lateral chambers. The development of pillars is 

variable. Unweathered specimens have low, indistinct

pillars over the central portion, but slightly weathered 

specimens have distinct, small pillars with diameters of 

about 100 ju, evenly scattered over the central area. 

Neither type appears to have pillars in the depressed 

zone or on the inflated rim.

The embryonic chambers are large, thin-walled, 

bilocular; the initial chamber is larger than the second 

chamber. Normally, there are two large periembryonic 

chambers, one at each end of the dividing partition 

between the embryonic chambers. A well-developed 

periembryonic chamber has internal diameters cf 140 

by 460 M.

The equatorial chambers as viewed in equatorial 

section are larger near the center of the test and decrease in size toward the periphery. The normal shape 

of these chambers is rhombic, but some have curved 

outer walls and pointed inner ends.

The equatorial layer expands regularly toward the 

periphery of the test. The outer 0.5 mm of the equatorial layer is not covered by lateral chambers; therefore 

these chambers comprise the entire thickness of th^ test 

in this zone.

Measurements of equatorial sections of Lepidocyclina (Pliolepidina) gubernacula from locality 23

Embryonic chambers: 

Diameters of initial chamber __ _

Equatorial chambers: 

Near center:

Near periphery:

Tangential diameter. __ ____ _ __ _ _

i

600X940 M------ _

480X960 M _________

1100 M-------------

20-30 M------------

170 M

160 M--------------

120 M

140 /.____________ —

Specimen

2

5.9 mm_ _____

670X940 At----_--_-

360X660 M-- — -----

1050 M-- — ---------

18 At---------------

140 At- - --------- -

160 M- — -----------

120 M-— — - _ _--

120 M- — _ - — -----

3

7.4 mm

680X840 A*

340X780 M

1040 A»

20-30 M

160 At

160 M

100 A*

140 p

Measurements of vertical sections of Lepidocyclina (Pliolepidina) gubernacula from locality S3

l)] Q TTn*»~frf*T*

Embryonic chambers:

Height. _ __- _______ ___________ __ _______ _ _ __ __

Equatorial layer: 

Thickness at center____ ____

Thickness at periphery. _ _ _ _

Lateral chambers: 

Number on each side of the embryonic chamber ___ _____

Height, _____________________________ _______ _ ___ _ _

Surface diameter of pillars. __ __ __ __ _ ___________ ____ __

i

9.6 mm _._ _ ____

0.92 mm___________

0.6 mm _ _ _

0.48mm__ . ______

0.62 mm________ __

600 A* -------------

440 M _-_____-_-___

20 M- --_--------_--

200 At- — -----------

600 A*- — -----------

310 M- — -----------

240 M- — -----------

5_ — - — — — — - ——

120-160 M----------

30 At---------------

20 At---------------

60 M— -------------

2

8.6 mm __ ___ ____

1.66 mm

0.6 mm __ ____ _

0.46 mm_ _ ___ __

0.64 mm ______ __

900 At— ------------

540 M--- _ — - _ --

35-40 M— — ---- — —

220 AI - _ __ __

600 M— ------------

360 A*----- - ----

280 AI

7

80-300 ^---- _ ----

40-50 M-- — --------

20-30 M- — ---------

100-140 M-- _ - --

3

8.6 mm

1.08 mm

0.68 mm

0.54 mm

0.7 mm

800 At

600 M

25 At

200 At

680 At

400 At

300 M

5

160-280 A*

20-30 A*

15 M

60 At

Specimen
EOCENE AND OLIGOCENE LARGER FOR A.MINIFERA IN THE CANAL ZONE

The lateral chambers are not arranged in regular 

tiers. These chambers are relatively long, low, but with 

open, distinct cavities. The floors and roofs are relatively thin. The floors and roofs are either straight or 

slightly convex toward the outside of the test. The 

number of lateral chambers to a tier decreases regularly 

toward the periphery of the test, but the peripheral 

zone of the test is devoid of lateral chambers.

Thin, cylindrical pillars occur irregularly in the central area of the test, but decrease in size and distribution 

toward the periphery.

Microspheric generation.—Test large, having a diameter of 20 mm or more. There is a distinct central 

umbo which is bordered by a thinner area which in turn 

is surrounded by an elevated rim. The inflated central 

portion has distinct, slightly elevated papillae which 

become smaller and more scattered toward the edge of 

the test which is devoid .of papillae.

The vertical section (pi. 23, fig. 13) adequately 

illustrates the internal features of this type of section.

A fragment from the same specimen from which the 

vertical section was made shows equatorial chambers 

of the same type as those possessed by the megalospheric 

individuals. These chambers have thicker walls than 

those of the megalospheric generation and are slightly 

larger in size.

Holotype: U.S.N.M. 561091; paratypes: U.S.N.M. 

561052, 561053, 561055.

Occurrence.—Loc. 23.

Remarks.—The distinctly elevated rim of the test is 

a characteristic feature of this species externally. No 

other American species from the Eocene possesses this 

feature. Lepidocydina (L.) novitasensis and L. (L.) 

meinzeri from the Eocene of Cuba have rather large 

embryonic and rhombic equatorial chambers but these 

two species are very different in vertical sections.

Specimens identified as L. (L.) sp. aff. L. ocalana 

pseudocarinata Cushman by % Vaughan and Cole (1941, 

p. 68, pi. 31, figs. 10, 11) most certainly are L. gubernacula. The specimens from Trinidad have rhombicshaped equatorial chambers, whereas all the forms of 

L. ocalana have arcuate to short-spatulate equatorial 

chambers. Moreover, the vertical section illustrated 

by Vaughan and Cole shows the rapid expansion of the 

equatorial layer in the peripheral zone which is characteristic of L. gubernacula.

Three small specimens (pi. 8, figs. 9-11) were found at 

locality 22a. At first these specimens were thought to 

constitute a distinct species, but detailed study demonstrates that they are probably small individuals of this 

new species.

If size is disregarded, the main difference between 

these specimens and the typical specimens from locality 

23 appears in the shape of the equatorial chambers. 

Although many of the chambers in the specimens from 

locality 22a are rhombic, those near the periphery 

become spatulate. However, the fundamental pattern

is the same in the specimens from both localities, as 

some of the rhombic chambers in the specimers from 

locality 23 tend toward the spatulate.

Lepidocyclina (Pliolepidiua) macdonaldi Cushman

Plate 7, figures 1-19; plate 8, figures 1-4; plate 14, figure 11; 

probably plate 20, figure 16

1919. Lepidocyclina macdonaldi Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull.

103, p. 94, pi. 40, figs. 1-6. 

1933. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) macdonaldi Cushman.

Gravell, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 89, no. 11, pp.

25, 26, pi. 5, figs. 1-3. [Probably not fig. 2 which

appears to be L. pustulosa H. Douville".] 

1941. Lepidocyclina (Pliolepidina) macdonaldi Cuehman.

Vaughan and Cole, Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 30,

p. 67, pi. 31, figs. 1, 2. 

1945. Lepidocyclina (Pliolepidina) macdonaldi Cushman. Cole,

Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 28, pp. 117-120, pi. 19,

figs. 1-13.

Typical specimens of Lepidocyclina (Pliolepidina) 

macdonaldi were found in most of the Eocene samples 

examined. The vertical section shows the equatorial 

layer expanding regularly toward the periphery. The 

lateral chambers have low cavities between thick roofs 

and floors.

Occurrence.—Locs. 15, 124, 125, 131, 13 la, 138a, 140, 

145, 149, 149b, 150. Distribution elsewhere: Upper 

Eocene of Trinidad, Venezuela, the Tampico Embayment and the State of Chiapas, Mexico, Jamaica, and 

as reworked specimens in the Oligocene of Florida where 

it occurs with reworked middle Eocene species.

Lepidocyclina (Pliolepidina) pustulosa H. Douville

Plate 13, figures 1-20; plate 14, figures 1-10; plate 15, figures

14-16; plate 20, figures 14, 15; plate 23, figures 1-3, 10 

1917. Isolepidina pustulosa H. Douville", Paris Acad. Sci., C. R.,

vol. 161, p. 844, text figs. 1-4. 

1919. Orthophragmina hayesi Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof.

Paper 125, p. 43, pi. 8, figs. 8-10. 

1928. Lepidocyclina subglobosa Nuttall, Geol. Soc. London,

Quart. Jour., vol. 84, p. 104, pi. 7, figs. 3, 5-7. 

1941. Lepidocyclina (Pliolepidina?) subglobosa I Tuttall.

Vaughan and Cole, Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 30,.

pp. 67, 68, pi. 31, figs. 8, 9. 

1941. Lepidocyclina (Pliolepidina) pustulosa H. Diuvill6.

Vaughan and Cole, idem, pp. 65, 66 (references and

synonymy). 

1949. Lepidocyclina (Pliolepidina) pustulosa H. Douville". Cole,

Jour. Paleontology, vol. 23, p. 272, pi. 54, fig. 5; pi. 55,

fig. 8.

A great number of different specific names have been 

applied to individuals of Lepidocyclina (Pliolepidina) 

pustulosa H. Douvill<3 which possess the same basic 

features, but differ from one another in shape, size, or 

other minor elements. Vaughan and Cole (1941, p. 65) 

have demonstrated that these names should be 

suppressed.

The sample from locality 140 contained many individuals which represent this species. A series of 

seven vertical sections (pi. 13, figs. 5, 8-10, 12, 34, 16) 

demonstrate the extreme variability of individuals of
FAMILY ORBITOIDIDAE 17

this species from one another in one sample. But, the 

essential features of all are the same.

It is apparent from the study of many thin sections 

that L. subglobosa Nuttall represents small specimens of 

L. pustulosa. The features of the equatorial and 

vertical sections are the same. Although Vaughan and 

Cole retained L. subglobosa as a distinct species in their 

report on the larger Foraminifera of Trinidad, the suite 

of thin sections available now demonstrates that L. 

subglobosa is L. pustulosa.

Orthophragmina hayesi Cushman from the Brito 

formation of Nicaragua was shown by Vaughan (1924, 

p. 790) to be a Lepidocyclina with rhomboid equatorial 

chambers. The vertical sections of the Nicaraguan 

specimens are similar to specimens in Panama (pi. 13, 

fig. 19) which are referred to L. pustulosa. There is 

little doubt that L. hayesi is L. pustulosa.

Occurrence.—LOGS. 15, 22a, 124, 131, 131a, 137, 138a, 

140, 149, 149b, 150. Distribution elsewhere: Upper 

Eocene of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec and Rio Vinazco, 

Chicontepec, state of Veracruz, Mexico; Jamaica; 

Panama; Curagao; Venezuela; Nicaragua; and from 

the middle Eocene of Florida.

lepidocyclina (Pliolepidina) pustulosa tobleri H. Douville' 

Plate 13, figure 21; plate 14, figures 12, 13; plate 15, figures 17-21

1917. Pliolepidina tobleri H. Douvill^, Paris Acad. Sci., C. R.,

vol. 164, p. 844, text figs. 5, 6. 

1919. Lepidocyclina panamensis Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull.

103, pp. 94, 95, pi. 39, figs. 1-6; pi. 42. 

1919. Lepidocyclina duplicata Cushman, idem, p. 96, pi. 41,

figs. 2-4. 

1924. Pliolepidina tobleri H. Douville~. H. Douville, Soc. Ge~ol.

France Me'm., n. s., vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 43, 44, text figs

34, 35. 

1926. Lepidocyclina (Polylepidina) zuliana H. Hodson, Bull.

Am. Paleontology, vol. 12, no. 47, pp. 25, 26, pi. 7,

figs. 1-3. 

1926. Lepidocyclina (Polylepidina) mirandana H. Hodson, idem,

pp. 26, 27, pi. 7, figs. 4-6. 

1928. Lepidocyclina curasavica Koch, Eclogae geol. Helvetiae,

vol. 21, pp. 54-56, pi. 3, figs. 1-5. 

1928. Lepidocyclina (Pliolepidina) tobleri H. Douville1 . L.

Rutten, K. Akad. Wetensch. Amsterdam, Proc., vol. 31,

p. 1067, text figs. 19-35, pi. figs. C, D. 

1928. Lepidocyclina sp. aff. ? Polylepidina proteiformis Vaughan.

L. Rutten, idem, p. 6, pi. fig. E [not Lepidocyclina

(Polylepidina) proteiformis Vaughan, 1924]. 

1932. Lepidocyclina (Pliolepidina) tobleri H. Douvill^. Rutten

and Vermunt, idem, vol. 35, pp. 12, 13, pi. 1, fig. 5;

pi. 2, figs. 3, 7, 8. 

1932. Lepidocyclina curasavica Koch. Rutten and Vermunt,

idem, p. 8, pi. 1, figs. 1, 2; pi. 2, fig. 5. 

1941. Lepidocyclina (Pliolepidina) pustulosa forma tobleri H.

Douvill^, forma teratologica. Vaughan and Cole,

Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 30, pp. 66, 67, pi. 24. 

1949. Lepidocyclina (Pliolepidina) pustulosa forma tobleri H.

Douville1 , forma teratologica. Cole, Jour. Paleontology,

vol. 23, p. 272, pi. 52, fig. 4; pi. 54, fig. 9.

Several equatorial and horizontal sections of Lepidocyclina (Pliolepidina) pustulosa tobleri H. Douvill6 are

illustrated to show the individual differences which 

may occur. Vertical sections are particularly variable. 

The equatorial chambers have the same shape and 

pattern as do those of typical L. pustulosa H. Douvill6. 

Although this form is so closely related to L. pustulosa 

that specific discrimination is not possible, it can be 

questioned that it is a teratologic type. The so-called 

abnormal embryonic chambers may be a normal 

tendency in this particular race (Woodring, 1927).

Occurrence.—Locs. 108, 124, 13 la, 132, 138a, 145, 

149b. Distribution elsewhere: Upper Eocene of Curagao; Rio Vinazco, Canton of Chicontepec, Veracruz, 

Mexico; Trinidad.

Remarks.—Cushman (1919a, p. 90) tentatively (and 

incorrectly) recorded this species under the name L. 

panamensis in the Culebra formation and the Emperador 

limestone.

Subgenus LEPIDOCYCIINA Gttmbel, 1870

lepidocyclina (lepidocyclina) asterodisca Nuttall

Plate 17, figure 4

1932. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) asterodisca Nuttall, Jour.

Paleontology, vol. 6, pp. 34, 35, pi. 7, figs. 5, 8; pL 9,

fig. 10. 

1932. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) falconensis Gorter and van

der Vlerk, Leidsche Geol. Meded., vol. 4, pp. 105, 106,

pi. 11, figs. 4-6. 

1937. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) texana Gravell and Hanna,

Jour. Paleontology, vol. 11, pp. 527-529, pi. 65, figs. 1-7. 

1941. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) asterodisca Nuttall.

Vaughan and Cole, Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 30,

p. 73, pi. 39, figs. 3, 4.

Although the sample from which the specimen assigned to Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) asterodisca 

contains abundant specimens of Heterostegina, oily 

one specimen of L. (L.) asterodisca was found. A 

description of this specimen follows:

Test stellate with five rays which radiate from a 

central umbo. The umbo has a diameter of about 2.1 

mm. The rays are narrowest at their juncture with 

the umbo and widen as they approach the periphery 

of the test. The interray areas are flat. The diameter 

of the test is about 7.8 mm.

The equatorial chambers are arranged in conformity 

with the stellate pattern of the test. These chambers 

are short-spatulate in shape with radial diameters of 

100n and tangential diameters of 80/i.

Occurrence.—Loc. 110. Distribution elsewhere: As 

L. asterodisca from the Alazan formation of the Tampico 

Embayment and the upper Oligocene of Trinidad, from 

the Anahuac formation of Texas as L. texana, and from 

the Churuguara series of central Falcon, Venezuela, as 

L. falconensis.

Remarks.—L. asterodisca was described from specimens obtained in the Alazan formation of the Tampico 

Embayment area. Later, Vaughan and Cole (19*1, 

p. 73) assigned specimens from three localities in
18 EOCENE AND OLIGOCENE LARGER FORAMINIFERA IN THE CANA.L ZONE

Trinidad to this species. Vaughan and Cole noted 

that L. asterodisca is very close to L. texana Gravell 

and Hanna (1937, pp. 527, 528).

Gravell and Hanna separated their species from L. 

asterodisca by its larger size and its possession of five 

instead of four rays. Because there is considerable 

variation in such characters in other species of Lepidocyclina, these species are combined.

In Trinidad L. asterodisca is associated with Heterostegina antittea, Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) parvula, 

L. (L.) yurnagunensis, L. (Nephrolepidina) tempanii, 

and L. (Eulepidina) undosa. In Texas L. asterodisca 

is associated with new species of Operculinoides, Heterostegina, and Lepidocyclina. In Panama L. asterodisca 

occurs with abundant specimens assigned to Heterostegina israelskyi, one of the species with which it 

occurs in Texas.

Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) canellei Lemoine and R. Douville 

Plate 16, figures 1-22; plate 17, figures 1-3

1904. Lepidocyclina canellei Lemoine and R. Douvill^, Soe. Ge"ol. 

France Mem,, vol. 12, p. 20, pi. 1, fig. 1; pi. 3, fig. 5.

1919. Lepidocyclina canellei Lemoine and R. Douville". Gushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, p. 91, pi. 34, figs. 1-6.

1920. Lepidocyclina canellei Lemoine and R. Douvill6. Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 125, p. 75, pi. 32,

figs. 1-5. 

1924. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) canellei Lemoine and R.

Douville". Vaughan, Geol. Soe. America Bull., vol. 35,

pp. 797, 819, pi. 33, fig. 4. 

1928. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina} canellei Lemoine and R.

Douville". Vaughan, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 1, p. 290,

pi. 49, figs. 1-5, 7-9.

1932. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) pancanalis Vaughan and 

Cole, Jour. Washington Acad. Sei., vol. 22, pr». 510- 

514, figs. 1-9.

1933. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) canellei Lemoine and R.

Douville. Vaughan, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 89,

no. 10, pp. 14, 15, pi. 6, figs. 1-5. 

1933. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) canellei Lemoine and R.

Douville". Gravell, idem, vol. 89, no. 11, pp. 24, 25,

pi. 5, figs. 4-8. 

1941. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) canellei Lemoine and R.

Douville". Vaughan and Cole, Geol. Soe. America

Spec. Paper 30, pp. 70, 71, pi. 35, figs. 6, 7; pi. 41, figs.

4, 5. 

1941. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) pancanalis Vaugl i.n and

Cole, idem, p. 71, pi. 35, figs. 8, 9.

Two closely related species, Lepidocyclina (L.) 

canellei Lemoine and R. Douville and L. (L.) parvanalis 

Vaughan and Cole, have been described from the Oligocene of Panama. Vaughau and Cole stated:

L. canellei is usually larger, but the senior author has specimens of a dwarf variety from Arbol Grande, near Tampico, 

Mexico. In L. canellei the ratio of the diameter to thickness is 

greater, and in perfectly preserved specimens there is a distinct 

flange which may be peripherally thickened. L. canellei lacks 

the pillars and the thickened surface papillae and eostulations of 

L. pancanalis. The equatorial chambers of L. canellei f re strikingly regular hexagonal in shape, while those of L. pc.ncanalis 

are dominantly of diamond or short-spatulate form.

Certain specimens in the present collection were 

recognized immediately as L. canellei and others were 

assigned to L. pancanalis. Other specimens appeared to be intermediate between the two sp°cies.

An equatorial section and two vertical sections were 

made of topotypes of L. pancanalis. Measurements 

of these follow:

Measurements of equatorial sections of topotype and holotype of Lepidoeyclina (L.) pancanalis

Diameter. ___ _____ ____

Embryonic chambers:

Maximum width _____

Thickness of outer wall

Equatorial chambers: 

Radial diameter ______ ....

Tangential diameter. __ __ __

Shape ____ ._ _,._ _____

Topotype

220 M- -----------------------------

180 M- -----------------------------

20 M- ------------------------------

20-60 M- ---------------------------

20-40 M- ---------------------------

Rhombic, short-spatulate, hexagonal.

Holotype. [after Vaughan and Cole, 1932]

1.5-2.0 mm

185 M

145/1

25 M

60 UL

50 (Ji

Rhombic, short-spatulate, hexagonal

Measurements of vertical sections of topotypes and holotype of Lepidoeyelina (L.) pancanalis

Diameter.. ___ _________

Thickness ______ _ ____

Embryonic chambers: 

Length ____ _____ __ __

Height-__________ ___________________ _ ____ _ _

Thickness of outer wall _ __ ______

Equatorial layer:

Height at periphery _ _ ____ _ ____

Lateral chambers: 

Number __ _____ __ ____

Length ____ ____ _ ___ __

Height-___-_- __ _______________________________________

Thickness of floors and roofs. _ _ _

Surface diameter of pillars.

Topotypes

0.8mm__ ________

180 M--- — — — — — -

160 ;_____-_______-_

30/»_-__ ——— __ — —

70/.---- — -------

80/1---- - ---- - --

8— - —— —— _ ————

70-95 /_________--__

35 M--- — — --------

8/1- —— — —————

60 M---- — -------

0.7 mm__ ______ __

180 M--- — ------

160 M------ _ _____

40 M-- — - — ----- — -

60/1---- —— — — —

80 /i

6

60-90 /i--- — --— __

40 /»__„ — — — — _

7/1-- —— —— — —

50-60/1— —— — — —

Holotype 

[after Vaughan 

and C ile, 1932]

1.5-2.0 mm 

0.75-J .0 mm

185 p 

25 M

10 

60/i 

40 n

Present
FAMILY ORBITOIDIDAE

Measurements of equatorial sections of specimens from locality 53 assigned without question to LepidocycHna canellei

Diameter.- _ ___________ __ ___

Embryonic chambers: 

Distance across both chambers_____ __ _ ___ _ Maximum width __ _ ____ _________ _ ___

Thickness of outer wall _________ ____

Equatorial chambers: 

Radial diameter _ ___ ___ _______ __ _____ _ _

Tangential diameter. _ _ _______ _ ____ _ _ _

Shape_______ ____________________ _ __________

•

i

260 M--------------

220 M--------------

20-40 M--- — — —

60-7 M-------------

60-80 M------ — —

Specimen

2

280 M----------

240 M--~-------

20-30 M- -------

70-80 M-------

60-80 M--------

2.6 mm

200 M

160 M

30 M

60-80 M

40-60 M

Rhombic,

hexagonal

3

short-spatulate,

Measurements of vertical sections of specimens from locality 53 assigned without question to LepidocycHna canellei

Specimen

Diameter - _ __ _____

Thickness. _ _ ___ ____

Width of flange _

Embryonic chambers: 

Length, ____

Height. ______ -

Thickness of outer wall

Equatorial layer: 

Height at center _ _ _

Lateral chambers: 

Number _ _____ _____

Length __

Height- ___________________ ___.__-___

Thickness of floors and roofs _ _ _ _ _

Surface diameter of pillars __ ___

i

3.3 mm_.

0.92 mm_

220 M- - - -

190 /.____

40 /._____

80 M—---

140 M ____

12___.____

60-120 M _

40 M-- — -

6 M >-- —

2

0.96 mm.

280ju----

240ju----

50 M ----_

80 M- - - - -

140/x____

9____-___

60-80 M- -

30-40 M- -

8 M ----~

3

3.3 mm__

0.76 mm_

0.16 mm_

220 M ----

220 M ____

20-40 M- -

80 M -----

160 M ____

9___.____

60-80 M- -

20-30 M- -

6 M --- — "VTf\|~|^s

4

3.06 mm_

0.2 mm__

180 M--- -

180 M----

30 M-----

80 /»_.___

140 M ____

10______-

60-80 M _ _

30-40 M--

7,1--- —

5

2.2 mm__

0.98 mm

200 M----

170 M----

20-30 M- -

65 /.__-__

120 M----

10_-__ — _

60-140 M.

30-40 M- -

8 M ---~-

6

2.0 mm_

0.92 mm

180/.----

180 M-- —

20/i--— -

70 /._____

120 M- - - -

10_______

60-110 M20-40 M- -

5-8 /.____

7

1.7 mm

0.92 mir

180 M

120 M

20 M

70 M

100 M

10

40-80 M

36-40 M

8 M

None

The greatest difference1 between the specimens of L. L. pancanalis and their apparent absence in L. canellei. 

pancanalis and L. canellei is the presence of pillars in In other features there is a striking similarity.

Measurements of specimens of Lepidocyclina canellei from localities other than no. 53

Equatorial sections

Specimen

Embryonic chambers: 

Distance across both chambers _ Maximum width ___ _ _ _____

Thickness of outer wall__ _ __

Equatorial chambers: 

Radial diameter _ _____ .__ ___

Tangential diameter. _ ______ ._

Shape. __ _____ __ __

ti

195 M--------------

175 M______. _______

20-35 /!____________

40-60 M_.__________

40-60 M- -- _ ----

82

2.94 mm ___ _____ _

260 M __________-_.___

220M------- — -----

20-30 /i_._ — _________

60-70 M___-________-_

50-60 M--- — ---------

hexagonal

33

2.9 mm __ _ _ ._

230 /.______________

200 M - - —

20-30 M ___ ___-.-___

80 M--- — ----------

60 M---------------

34

2.2 mm

230 M

185 M

30 M

80 M

60 M

Short-spatulate
20 EOCENE AND OLIGOCENE LARGER FORAMINIFERA IN THE CANAL ZONE

Measurements of specimens of Lepidocyclina cancellei from localities other than no. 53—Continued

Vertical sections

Diameter_____ _ __________________________ _ _ _______

Thickness ___ ______ ________ __ _ _ ___ _ ____ _ __

Width of flange. _ __. _.__ ___ _ _______

Embryonic chambers: 

Length... _____________ _______ ________ _______

Height _______ _______ _ _____ _____ _ ___ __

Thickness of outer wall_ _____ ___ ___ _ _ _'__

Equatorial layer:

Height at periphery_______ ______ ______ ___ ________

Lateral chambers: 

Number__ _ ____________ __ __ ________ ______

Length... ____________________ ____________ ___ __

Height. ____________________________________________

Thickness of floors and roofs. ___ _____ _________ ____

Surface diameter of pillars,... ____ _ ____________________

11

2.44 mm __

0.2 mm _ __

160ju______

180 /.____._

20-30 M----

80 M--- — -

120 M- - -

10_. _ --_.

40-100 M-- -

20-40/1----

10 ju_._____

22 *

2.6 mm _____

220ju______

180 ju______

20-40 ju _ _ _

60ju_______

110ju______

11_________

80-100 M---

30-40 ju__ --

10M-------

100 M------

Specimen

23

2+ mm_ __

220 M------ 160 M-----

20 M--- — -

75 ju_______

100 M- ----

11 ____ __

80-100 ju___

30-40 ju__ __

6-8 M------

100 M------

34

2.2 mm__ _

1.1 miru__

0.14+ mm_

200ju______

180 ju______

20-50 ju____

70 M--- — —

120ju._____

10__---_-_-

80-100 M---

30-40 M-- --

10 M--- — -

60-100 M---

35

2.8 mm

1.04 mm

240 M

210 ju

40 ju

70 ju

140 M

12

60-140 M

20-40 ju

10 M

40 ju

i Locality lla. ! Locality 30. 3 Locality 43.

Specimens from stations lla, 30, and 43 are intermediate in character between L. pancanalis and L. 

canellei. Therefore, as no reliable criterion was discovered by which this entire series could be broken at 

one definite point, these two species are combined.

Occurrence.—Locs. lla, 30, 43, 53, 55. Distribution 

elsewhere: Upper Oligocene of Trinidad, Jamaica, 

Venezuela, near Tampico, Mexico, Antigua, and late 

Oligocene (?) part of Culebra formation, Canal Zone 

(Cushman, 1919a, p. 92, station 6019a, pi. 34, figs. 2, 

3, identification questioned by Cushman; Woodring 

and Thompson, 1949, p. 238).

Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) montgomeriensis Cole

Plate 15, figures 11-13; plate 20, figure 7; plate 23, figure 4

1949. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) montgomeriensis Cole, Jour. 

Palentology, vol. 23, pp. 270-272, pi. 53, figs. 2-11; 

pi. 54, fig. 8 (references and synonymy).

Typical specimens of Lepidocyclina (L.) montgomeriensis occur at two stations. Because this species has 

been illustrated by Panamanian specimens and discussed recently, additional remarks will not be given.

Occurrence.—Locs. 108, 125. Distribution elsewhere: 

Upper Eocene of the United States and Trinidad. 

Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) parvula Cushman

Plate 15, figures 6-10

1919. Lepidocyclina parvula Cushman, Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 291, p. 58, pi. 3, figs. 4-7.

1945. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) parvula Cushman. Cole, 

Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 28, pp. 30, 31, pi. 7, figs. 

2-13; pi. 11, figs. 1, 2 (references and synonymy).

Small specimens having thick-walled, lepidocycline 

sensu stricto embryonic chambers, hexagonal to shortspatulate equatorial chambers, strong pillars and thick 

floors and roofs for the lateral chambers are assigned 

to this well-known and well-described species.

Occurrence.—Locs. lla, 37, 39, 45, 55. Distribution 

elsewhere: Upper Oligocene of Antigua, eastern Mexico, 

Jamaica, Florida, and Trinidad.

Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) waylandvaughani Cole

Plate 18, figures 1-10, 16, 17

1919. Lepidocyclina vaughanif Cushman (part), U. S. Nat. Mus. 

Bull. 103, p. 93, pi. 37, figs. 1, 2, 3 [not figs 4, 5, nor 

pi. 38].

1923. Lepidocyclina mirafiorensisf Vaughan, Nat. Acad. Sci. 

Proc., vol. 9, p. 257.

1924. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) miraflorensis? Vaughan. 

Vaughan, Geol. Soc. America Bull., vol. 35, p. 797.

1927. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) miraflorensis? Vaughan 

(part). Vaughan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 71, 

art. 8, p. 4, pi. 4, fig. 3 [not figs. 4, 5 which are L. 

(Nephrolepidina) vaughani Cushman].

1928. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) waylandvaughani Cole, Bull.

Am. Paleontology, vol. 14, no. 53, pp. 21, 22, pi. 4,

figs. 1-8, 10. 

1933. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) waylandvaughc.ni Cole.

Vaughan, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 80, no. 10,

pp. 13, 14, pi. 5, figs. 1-3, 5, 6.

Cushman (1919a, pp. 93, 94) under the name L. 

vaughani figured specimens of two distinct species, 

one of which belongs to the subgenus Nephrolepidina 

and the other to the subgenus Lepidocyclina,^ Vaughan 

(1923, p. 257) recognized this fact, and proposed the 

name L. miraflorensis for those specimens that represented Lepidocyclina sensu stricto.

Vaughan considered that Cushman's (1919a) figure 

5 on plate 37 demonstrates the features of the vertical 

section of L. miraflorensis. This section shows that 

the lateral chambers are rectangular and hfwe open 

cavities with very thin roofs and floors. Vaughan 

wrote:

The margins of L. miraflorensis are somewhat swollen but 

are rounded, not so much thickened and abruptly truncate as in
FAMILY OEBITOIDIDAE 21

L. vaughani. There are no stout pillars in the vertical sections 

of L. miraflorensis, while there are such pillars in L. vaughani.

The sample from locality lla contained specimens 

that in equatorial section suggest L. miraflorensis, but 

in vertical section appear to be L. waylandvaughani 

Cole, a closely related species. Consequently, it is 

desirable to ascertain the characters by which several 

similar Oligocene species of Lepidocyclina s. s. can be 

distinguished one from the other. These species are 

L. mantelli (Morton), L. supera (Conrad), L. forresti 

Vaughan, L. miraflorensis Vaughan, and L. waylandvaughani Cole. All of these species possess very 

similar features in equatorial section, but are described 

as differing in vertical section.

The swollen edge of certain of the specimens designated by Vaughan as L. miraflorensis suggests that the 

specimens that possess this feature may be L. vaughani. 

Moreover, in preparing vertical sections of L. vaughani 

one observes that the lateral chambers beyond the 

center are shorter than those over the embryonic 

chambers, and that those areas outside the central 

zone are devoid of pillars.

A vertical section (pi. 18, fig. 14) was prepared from 

a specimen of L. vaughani from locality lla. At this 

locality L. vaughani occurs with the Lepidocyclina 

which appears to be L. waylandvaughani. This vertical 

section which was not ground to the center has thinwalled, open, lateral chambers of the type assigned to 

L. miraflorensis.

In the sample from locality 30 there are many wellpreserved specimens of L. vaughani. One of these 

(pi. 18, fig. 15) is so ground that it is a virtual duplicate of the section that Vaughan used as one of the 

cotypes of L. miraflorensis.

The similarity in these off-center and oblique "vertical" sections, as well as oriented vertical sections, 

proves that Vaughan used specimens of L. vaughani 

for the description of the vertical section of L. miraflorensis , just as Cushman included in L. vaughani 

specimens of the subgenus Lepidocyclina as well as the 

subgenus Nephrolepidina.

Specimens belonging to the subgenus Lepidocyclina 

from locality lla were compared with closely related 

species of the same subgenus illustrated on plate 18: 

L. waylandvaughani (figs. 1-10), L. forresti (fig. 11), 

L. supera (fig. 12), and L. mantelli (fig. 13).

Comparison of views of enlarged vertical sections 

shows that L. mantelli (Morton) has long lateral chambers with very low chamber cavities. It is a distinct 

species.

In L. supera (Conrad) the lateral chambers are 

shorter and the cavities more open than in L. mantelli.

But, the vertical section of L. forresti Vaughan has the 

same features as L. supera. Vaughan (1927, p. 2) 

distinguished L. forresti from L. supera by the fact that 

"L. supera has well-developed pillars and papillp.e." 

This restudy of the type vertical section of L. forresti 

and topotypes of L. supera, demonstrates that this 

feature is not a valid criterion for discriminating tiHse 

two species. Therefore, L. forresti Vaughan is a synonym of L. supera (Conrad).

The specimens from Panama under discussion h^ve 

the same features in vertical section as do topotypes 

of L. waylandvaughani from Mexico. However, both 

the Mexican and the Panamanian specimens have 

lateral chambers with thicker floors and roofs and less 

regular alinement in tiers than does the only vertical 

section of L. miraflorensis Vaughan (1927, pi. 4, fig. 5). 

This vertical section was published by Vaughan several 

years after his original description of L. miraflorensis.

The opinion has been expressed already in this discussion that the off-center, oblique "vertical" section 

figured by Cushman (1919a, pi. 37, fig. 5) and used by 

Vaughan in the type description of L. miraflorensis 

represents a section of L. vaughani. The oriented 

vertical section (Vaughan, 1927) appears also to represent L. vaughani for the following reasons: the lateral 

chambers are arranged in very regular tiers; the cavities 

of the lateral chambers are open, high, and rectangular; 

the roofs and floors of the equatorial chambers are 

thin; the equatorial layer expands rapidly toward the 

periphery of the test; and the central area of the test is 

dome-shaped. Oriented vertical sections of L. vaughini 

have all of these features and may be observed in the 

specimens illustrated as figures 6-10 on plate 21.

Therefore, it would appear that in the two available 

descriptions by Vaughan of L. miraflorensis vert'oal 

sections of L. vaughani have been used. There is, 

however, in the sample from the U.S.G.S. locality 6255, 

half a mile south of Miraflores Station, Canal Zone, a 

Lepidocyclina s. s. known from the equatorial sections 

which Cushman and Vaughan have published. It is 

these equatorial sections to which the name L. miraflorensis should be applied. The oblique "horizontal" 

section (Cushman, 1919a, pi. 37, fig. 3) is designated 

the lectotype of this species. No vertical section of 

this species has been made.

Although it is highly probable that L. miraflorersis 

and L. waylandvaughani are conspecific, some doubt 

must exist until vertical sections of authentic L. 

miraflorensis are available. Therefore, the Panamanian 

specimens in this collection are assigned to L. waylandvaughani.

Measurements and a brief description of the internal 

features of the specimens from locality 1 la follow:
22 EOCENE AND OLIGOCENE LARGER FORAMINIFERA IN THE CANAL ZONE

Measurements of vertical sections of Lepidocyclina (L.) waylandvaughani from locality lla

^

Thickness__________ ____ _ ______ ____ _______ ___________

Embryonic chambers:

Height __ _ _ .___ ____ _ _ _ __ __________ _

Thickness of outer wall______ ________ _____ __ ___ _

Equatorial layer: „

Lateral chambers: 

Number ___ ________ __ _ __________ ______ ________ _

Length_______._____ _ ____ .___ ____ _____ _________ _

Specimen

1

3.6+ mm_ 

0.7 mm_ __ _

280 /.________

220 /i__ ____

30 M---- __ -

80 /._________

140 /.________

7____________

80-140 /i__.__

10-15 /-______

10 /._________

80 /._________

2

0.9 mm_._ __

280 M . _______

160 M- -- _

25 M----- _

90 /-_------__

180/i--- — —

8_ —— —— — _

60-160 /----__

30-40 /-______

20 /.___-__--_

100 M- - __

3

4.7+ mm____ 

1.0 mm_____

180 /i________

140 M- -- __

30 /.--_______

80 /i_. _______

200 /.________

8———— ____ —

80-1 60 /._____

20-35 /.______

10-20 /._____

80/1— —— —

4

4.6+ mm 

0.8 1 mm

22C ft 

22C M 

30 M '

10C (i 

24C M

7 

60-200 M 

20-40 M 

20 M 

60 /i

Measurements of vertical sections of topotypes of Lepidocyclina (L.) waylandvaughani

Embryonic chambers:

Height_---____-_- _ -___ _______________________________

Thickness of outer wall ______ ___ _ _ _ ____

Equatorial layer:

Lateral chambers: 

Number. ___ _ ______________ ______________ __ ___

Height___ ____-_---__ _________________ __ _____________

i

6.5 mm_ . _ __

0.76mm___ _

360 /.________

250 /-________

40 /._________

100 /.________

260 /.________

7—- _______

40-180 /..____

10-35 ju------

10 /i---- ___ -

80 /._________

2

6.6 mm _____

0.7 mm______

380 M . _______

220 /i-____ „_

20 /!_________

85 /._________

320 /._-_-_-__

7

60-180 /._____

20-25/1- _ ___

10 /____ ————

40 /..________

3

4.2+ mm____

0.83 mm.__ _

300 /i_ __ _

250 /-________

40 /-____.____

100 /i___ _ _

220 /i__ __

6_.__________

80-180 /._____

20 /._________

10 /._________

80 /._________

4

4+ mm

1.0 mm

SOC M

24C /i

40/i

80 M

20C M

10

80-180 M

20 M

10 M

60-200 M

Specimen

The embryonic chambers are bilocular, surrounded by 

a relatively thick wall whose width in equatorial sections is about 40 /»• The distance across both chambers 

is 340 n and the maximum width is 270 ju in the available 

section. The dividing partition is thin and straight. 

Small periembryoiiic chambers with internal diameters 

of about 50 by 140 ju occur opposite either end of the 

dividing partition. Several other periembryonic chambers border the bilocular chambers.

The equatorial chambers are arcuate near the center 

of the test and have radial diameters of about 60 n 

and tangential diameters of about 60 /.. The chambers 

near the periphery are short-spatulate, and have radial 

diameters of about 80 ju and tangential diameters of 

about 80 /..

The lateral chambers are not in regular tiers. There 

is considerable overlapping of the lateral chambers 

from one tier to the adjacent one.

Measurements of four vertical sections from topotypes of L. waylandvaughani are given for comparison 

with the specimens from Panama assigned to this 

species.

Occurrence.—Locs. lla, 38. Distribution elsewhere: 

Upper Oligocene of Mexico, Antigua, and Trinidad, 

lepidocyciina (Lepidoeyclina) yurnagunensis Cusl man 

Plate 15, figure 3; plate 17, figures 5-18; plate 20, figures 11, 12 

1919. Lepidocyclina canellei Lemoine and R. Douville, variety

yurnagunensis Cushman, Carnegie Inst. Washington

Publ. 291, p. 57, pi. 12, figs. 7, 8. 

1926. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) yurnagunensis Cushman.

Vaughan, Geol. Soc. London, Quart. Jour., vol. 82, pp.

391-393, pi. 25, figs. 2-6 (references and synonymy). 

1934. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina') yurnagunensis Cushman.

Cole, Jour, Paleontology, vol. 8, pp. 24, 25, pi. 3, figs.

4-6; pi. 4, figs. 8, 9. 

1941. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) yurnagunensis Cushman.

Vaughan and Cole, Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 30,

p. 72, pi. 38, figs. 1-7. 

1945. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) yurnagunensis Cushman.

Cole, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 28, p. 31, pi. 6, figs.

5, 6.

The widely distributed Lepidocyclina (L.) yurnagunensis has been adequately described and illustrated. 

The specimens in the present collection conform to the 

descriptions given from other localities. Two tables 

giving measurements of typical specimens follow.
FAMILY ORBITOIDIDAE

Measurements of equatorial sections of Lepidocyclina (L.) yurnagunensis from locality 45

23

Diameter __ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___________ ___ __

Embryonic chambers: 

Tvne

Distance across both chambers _ _ _ _ __

Maximum width_____ _..____ ____

Thickness of outer wall. _ ___ ______

Equatorial chambers: 

Radial diameter. _.__ ___ ____________

Tangential diameter. _ __________ _

Specimen

1

2.9 mm __ ______

260 M------------

220 M------------

20 M------ — - — —

60 M-------------

40 /,_____________

2

2.6mm__ _______

Nephrolepi dine _ _ _ 

240 M _ ---- — --_

240/-------------

20 /--____________

60 /,_____________

40 M-------------

3

180 M-------- ---

180 M ------ __

10 M ----

60 M____-____-___

40 M-------------

4

3.6 mm

Nephrolepidi ne 

420 M 

400 M 

20 M

80 M 

60 M

Measurements of vertical sections of Lepidocyclina (L.) yurnagunensis from locality 45

Specimen

Diameter... ____ ___ _ __ __

Thickness _______ _ __ _ _ _ __ ___

Embryonic chambers: 

Length.. ______ _______

Height _ ____ _ _ ___ ___________ ____ ______

Thickness of outer wall_____ _ _ _ __ ______

Equatorial layer: 

Height near center. _______ _ _ _____ ________

Height at periphery-- ___- ___ ___ ___ ___ ______

Lateral chambers: 

Number___________ _ __ _ ___ _ __ _i___ __ _ _

Height _____ ___ ___ _ ______ ___ _ _ __ _

Thickness of roofs and floors. _ ____ __ _________^____

Surface diameter of pillars.-.- ____ __ ___ __ _________

l

0.8 mm____

330 M--- --

170 M------

25 n

80 M-------

160 M------

8 _____

100-140 M—

20-40 /_____

15 M-------

80 M-------

2

2.0 mm____

0.78mm ____

190 M------

120 M------

"IK..

60 M-------

90 /________

8------_-._

120 M------

20-30 M- - - -

10 M-------

60 M-------

3

0.92mm __

210 /-______

140 M------

IK.,

80 M-- — --

120 M------

6____-.---_

80-300 M— -

30-80 /___._

•15 M---- —

100 M--- _

4

2.8 mm____

0.9 mm.___

290 /,______

180 ^___-_.

20 /-.______

80 /-_______

140 ,«______

10_________

100-240 M—

20-40 M----

15 M-------

60 M-------

5

2.9 mm

230 M

120 M

15 n

80 »

130 M

9

180-220 n

20 M

20 M

50 M

Occurrence.—Locs. 39, 45, 54. Distribution elsewhere: Upper Oligocene of Cuba; Cayman Brae, Cayman Islands; Haiti; Antigua formation of Antigua; 

Moneague formation of Jamaica; Suwannee limestone 

of Florida; Trinidad.

Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) yurnagunensis morganopsis

Vaughan

Plate 15, figures 1, 2, 4, 5; plate 23, figures 5-7, 9 

1933. Lepidocyclina yurnagunensis, var. morganopsis Vaughan,

Jour. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 23, p. 354. 

1945. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina} yurnagunensis, var. morganopsis Vaughan. Cole, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 

28, pp. 31, 32, pi. 6, figs. 1-4, 7, 8 (references).

Megalosplieric individuals of Lepidocyclina (L,) 

yurnagunensis morganopsis possess the same type of 

embryonic and equatorial chambers as does L. (L.) 

yurnagunensis. The variety, however, has very heavy 

pillars which appear in vertical sections, and large 

papillae which show in external views.

The microspheric specimens are relatively large and, 

therefore, in a sample of indurated rock that is being 

broken for specimens for oriented sections, the microspheric forms are more easily obtained than the smaller, 

more fragile megalospheric specimens. This may 

account for the apparent abundance of microspheric 

individuals which were obtained from the present 

collection.

Occurrence.—Microspheric specimens, Iocs, lla, 37, 

38, 39, 45, 53; megalospheric specimens, loc. 53. Distribution elsewhere: Upper Oligocene of Cuba, Florida, 

and Trinidad.

Subgenus NEPHROIEPIDINA H. Douvillg, 1911 

lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) chaperi lemoine and B. Douv:116 

Plate 8, figures 5-8; plate 9, figures 3-19; plate 10, figures 1-10; 

plate 11, figures 1-8; plate 12, figures 1-15; plate 20, figures 

8-10; plate 23, figures 8, 11, 12. 

1904. Lepidocyclina chaperi Lemoine and R. Douvill6, Soc. G£ol.

France M6m., vol. 12, pp. 14, 15, pi. 2, fig. 5. 

1919. Lepidocyclina subraulinii Cushman, Carnegie Inst. Washington Pub. 291, pp. 62, 63, pi. 11, figs. 6, 7 [probably 

not pi. 12, figs. 5, 6].

1919. Lepidocyclina perundosa Cushman, idem, p. 63, pi. 11, 

fig. 8.

1920. Lepidocyclina fragilis Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof.

Paper 125, pp. 63, 64, pi. 22, figs. 1, 2. 

1928. Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) haddingtonensis Vaughan,

Jour. Paleontology, vol. 1, pp. 292-294, pi. 50, figs. 1, 2. 

1933. Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) semmesi Vaughan and

Cole. Vaughan, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 89, no.

10, pp. 29, 30, pi. 15, figs. 3-5; pi. 30, fig. 1; pi. 31, fi<ts.

1, la; pi. 32, figs. 2, 3. 

1933. Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) semmesi var. granosa

Vaughan and Cole, idem, p. 30, pi. 30, fig. 2. 

1933. Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) tantoyucensis Vaugtan

and Cole, idem, pp. 30, 31, pi. 15, figs. 1, 2. 

1937. Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) fragilis Cushman, var.

cubensis Thiadens, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 11, p. 104,

pi. 17, fig. 6; pi. 18, fig. 7. 

1937. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) tschoppi Thiadens, idem,

pp. 103, 104, pi. 17, figs. 1, 3; pi. 18, fig. 6; pi. 19, fig. 1;

text fig. 3H,
24 EOCENE AND OLIGOCENE LAKGEK FOBAMINIFERA IN THE CANAL ZONE

1941. Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) sanfernandensis Vaughan 

and Cole, Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 30, pp. 73, 74, 

pi. 42, figs. 1-6; pi. 43, figs. 1-3; pi. 44, fig. 1.

1945. Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) sanfernandensis Vaughan 

and Cole, var. tallahasseensis Cole, Florida Geol. 

Survey Bull. 28, pp. 34-39, pi. 1, figs, 16, 17; pi. 2, 

figs. 5-7; pi. 3, figs. 1-6.

Lemoine and R. Douville (1904, pp. 14, 15) 

described Lepidocyclina chaperi as a new species from 

Haut-Chagres, Panama. The original description is 

so brief that it is impossible to recognize the species 

from the details given. The species is illustrated by one 

external view.

Fortunately, H. Douville (1924, pp. 44, 45) later 

gave a fuller description of this species and illustrated 

it by two detailed photomicrographs of the surface of 

the species and several drawings of the embryonic 

apparatus, equatorial chambers, and the distribution of 

the pillars. Woodring supplied topotypes collected 

by E. R. Lloyd in 1918. Although these specimens 

are partly silicified, satisfactory equatorial and vertical 

thin sections were made.

Therefore, it is possible to assign certain specimens 

from locality 23 to Lepidocyclina chaperi with absolute 

certainty. These specimens possess every feature 

mentioned or illustrated by Douville and are identical

with the topotypes. A description of the specimens 

from locality 23 follows:

Megalospheric generation.—Test of moderate size, 

having diameters from 6 to 11 mm; disc-shaped, with a 

thin outer edge. The central area is slightly inflated, 

and the test slopes more or less regularly from this area 

to the periphery. Most of the specimens are very 

slightly selliform, but a few are strongly so. The 

central area has small, indistinct low papillae evenly 

scattered over it. The peripheral zone of the test is 

without papillae and usually the outlines of the equatorial chambers can be seen in this peripheral &rea.

The embryonic chambers are nephrolepidine, large, 

and have outer walls that may be either thin or thick. 

Several elongate periembryonic chambers occur with 

the two larger ones opposite the ends of the dividing 

partition between the embryonic chambers1 . Some 

specimens have initial and second embryonic chambers 

of almost the same size (pi. 11, fig. 5). In this type 

the second chamber barely embraces the initial chamber. 

Specimens with this type of embryonic apparatus do not 

differ in any other respect from those with the strongly 

embracing second chamber.

The equatorial chambers have several shapes; some 

are short-hexagonal, others are arcuate, and a few are

Measurements of equatorial sections of Lepidocyclina (N.) chaperi from locality 23

Diameter. ____ ___ __ _______ ___

Embryonic chambers: 

Diameters of initial chamber. __ ____

Diameters of second chamber __ ______

Distance across both chambers _ _

Thickness of outer wall- _ ._

Equatorial chambers: 

Near center: 

Radial diameter _

Tangential diameter __ .__ ...

Near periphery: 

Radial diameter. ____ ___ _____

Tangential diameter. _____ _ . _____

i

8.3 mm-_ _,_ _ _

520X860 0-_-_-__

300X 10400- _-__ _

8400-_-_-__----_

800___-_--__---_

60-100 0. ________

100-140 0___-_- -_

40-60 0_____ __ _

80-1000. _ __ _-

Specimen

2

11.0 mm-__--__--

520X820 0___- _

460X1160 0____ _

10100_-_____--_-

300-______----__

1400__-________.

1400____-_______

80 0... __________

80-90 0__________

3

12.0 mm ________

480X750 M--- — --

520X1180 M--- —

10100----_-_-_-_

30 M . ._-___.__.._

1200______-__-_.

100-160 0________

60-80 0___-_-___.

100-120 0.--_--_-

4

8.C mm

500X760 0

300X830 0

820 M

60 M

100 M

100 M

70 M

90 M

Measurements of vertical sections of Lepidocyclina (N.) chaperi from locality 23

Specimen

Embryonic chambers: 

Length______--__-_____ __ ____ .__

Height.— _ __ __________ _______

Thickness of outer wall. ___ _ __ _

Equatorial layer: 

Height at center. _______ _______ _____

Height at periphery ____ __ __

Lateral chambers: 

Number on each side of embryonic

chamber.

Height ______________ _____ _ _

Thickness of roofs and floors. ___ __ ._

Surface diameter of pillars __ ___ _________

i

6.7 mm _ .

1.62 mm__._

8400____._

640 0______

60 0______.

1400______

2000_.____

8

80-140 0__ -

200_______

20-40 0____

60-80 0____

2

1.72 mm _

7000.-----

4600__-__-

600__-____

140 M------

2600---.--

12___-_-___

100-160 0__

200___--__

15-300.---

100-160 0__

3

8.4 mm____

7500__-.__

5600______

600-______

1500______

2200_____-

12__-_--_-_

110-220 0-_

10-20 0___-

10-20 0_ _ _ -

80-140 0___

4

9.2 mm....

840 0_---_-

600 0__.___

400_______

1500______

300 /*______

10___ __ ._

100-220 0 -

200_______

10/1-------

100ft--- —

5

10.8mm __

8600______

540 0______

60 M---- --

1800______

3000______

12___._____

120-160 0__

100______.

200_______

1000_.___.

6

9.8+ mm

780 M

3400

600

140 0

3400

11

120-240 0

10-15 0

20-30 0

100-120 0
FAMILY OBBITOIDIDAE

Measurements of equatorial sections of topotypes of Lepidocyclina (N.) fragilis Cushman

25

Specimen

Embryonic chambers: 

Diameters of initial chamber. _ _ __ _ __

Diameters of second chamber _ ___

Distance across both chambers _ _______

Thickness of outer wall. ____ __ ________ __

Equatorial chambers: 

Near center: 

Radial diameter- ___ _ __________

Tangential diameter. _____ ___ ______

Near periphery: 

Radial diameter _ ____________________ _

Tangential diameter___________ _ ____ _

i

620X880 M-------

,480X940 M _ ______

1120 /!___________

60 /I... __________

140 M _________.__

120 M------------

120 M _____. ______

120 M _____. ______

2

840X1140 M--- — -

540X1280 M--- — -

1420 M __ --------

40 M-- __ --- —

120 M-- _ --- _ -

110 M------- ___

140 M- ---- --- -

90 M---- - --- _ _

3

7.4mm __ ___

1180 M-----------

60 M----- _ -----

140 M_._ — -_-__-_

140jt-----------

100 M------------

100 /!..__. _______

4

530 X 780 /i

440X960 ft

-990/u

40/i

140 11

130 A*

120 M

140 /i

Measurements of vertical sections of topotypes of Lepidocyclina (N.) fragilis Cushman

Specimen

Diameter. _________ _______ _ _ ______ _ __ __

Thickness ___ __________ __________________

Embryonic chambers: 

Length. _________ ___ ___ __________ ___

Height. _____ _ _ __ ____ _.__ ______

Thickness of outer wall.. _ _ _________ __

Equatorial layer: 

Height at center __ __________ _ ________ _

Height at periphery. __ _ __ _ __________ _

Lateral chambers: 

Number_______ _ ___ ___ _ __ ____ __ __

Length. _ __ ________ ___ __________ _ _

Height ___ _ _ __________________________

Thickness of floors and roofs _____________ __

Surface diameter of pillars. _ __ ___ ________ __

i

5.8 mm_____

1.42mm ______

1060/i___________

480 /!____________

45 /!_____________

160 /i___ _ _ _ -

160 /!____________

9_ _ ____________

140-240 /i_ _______

20 /!_____________

20-30 /!__________

100 /_____________

2

0.96 mm____-__ _

720 /!_________ ___

240 /!____________

20 /!_____________

150 /!_________ _

140 /i____ __ -_-_

7-____-__-__.____

100-320 /!_____ __

10-20 /!_______ ___

20-40 /!__________

60-100 /!_________

3

7.8+ mm___--_ _

1020/i--____-__ —

600 M--- — — —

60 /!_.___________

150 /!_____ _______

160 /-_-_---_ _ __

7_______.________

80-140 /!_________

20-30 /!__________

20 /i __ __ _ .-__

60-100 M _ ________

4

8.1+ mm

1.42 mm

920 11

500 n

40 /i

140 M

160 /i

12

160-260 /*

20-40 M

20 M

60 M

rhombic. The largest equatorial chambers occur near 

the center of the test and they become progressively 

smaller toward the periphery.

The lateral chambers may be arranged in rather 

regular tiers (pi. 9, fig. 9) or they may overlap from 

one tier into the adjacent one (pi. 9, fig. 11). The 

chamber cavities are long, low. In some specimens the 

chamber cavities are more appressed than in others. 

In the specimens with the most appressed chamber 

cavities the roof and floors of the chambers are very 

thick. In both types the floors and roofs of the lateral 

chambers are thicker in the chambers adjacent to the 

equatorial plane and thinner in the chambers near the 

surface. Moreover, there is complete gradation between 

the types with thin roofs and floors and those with 

thick ones.

Small wedge-shaped pillars are irregularly distributed 

in the central area.

The details of L. chaperi suggest features similar to 

those noted previously in the preparation of a suite of 

thin sections of topotypes of L. fragilis Cushman.

As the sections of the Panamanian specimens assigned to L. chaperi and those of topotypes of L. 

fragilis are studied, it becomes more and more apparent

that it is impossible to distinguish the two species, ai d, 

therefore L. fragilis is a synonym of L. chaperi.

Topotypes of L. sanfernandensis tallahasseensis Cole 

from a well in Florida were available for study. The^e 

specimens were separated into two lots, one containing 

inflated specimens, the other ' lenticular specimens. 

The inflated type is illustrated by a vertical section 

(pi. 9, fig. 19) and two equatorial sections (pi. 11, figs. 

1, 2). The lenticular type is illustrated by a vertical 

section (pi. 9, fig. 18) and a horizontal section (pi. 11, 

fig. 3). These illustrations prove that there are no < 

essential differences between certain specimens narmd 

L. fragilis and others called L. sanfernandensis tallahasseensis (compare fig. 17 with 18, pi. 9, and fig. 3, 

pi. 11 with figs. 1, 2, pi. 10).

Because there is complete gradation between specimens of the lenticular and the inflated type named L. 

sanfernandensis tallahasseensis, all' of these must be 

assigned to L. fragilis and therefore, to L. chaperi. 

It is, moreover, clear that the specimens from Trinidad 

named L. sanfernandensis Vaughan and Cole fall 

within this series.

Other specimens in the Panamanian collection had 

been identified as L. (Nephrolepidina) semmesi Vaughan 

and Cole, a species from the Mexican upper Eocer?..
26 EOCENE AND OLIGOCENE LARGER FORAMINIFERA IN THJ53 CANAL ZONE

These specimens occur principally at localities 125 and 

140. A brief description of the specimens from locality 

125 follows: 

The normal embryonic chambers are nephrolepidine,

but there is considerable variation in both shape and 

size. In some specimens the embryonic chambers are 

nearly lepidocycliiie sensu stricto, whereas others have 

gigantic nephrolepidine embryonic chambers.

Measurements of equatorial sections of Lepidocyclina (N.) chaperi from locality 125

Diameter —— __._._...______ .........

Embryonic chambers:

Diameters of initial chamber .........

Distance across both chambers .......

Thickness of outer wall ______ ..

Equatorial chambers:

Near center:

Radial diameter... .4 _____ ..

Tangential diameter _______

Near periphery:

Radial diameter. ________

Tangential diameter .............

Specimen

1

3.8mm ........

470X680 At— -

310X720 At.——

810 n— — — -

40 n... ........

120 At- —— — -

120 At- —— ———

120 At-- — ... ._

120 n... .......

2

600X870 At. — -

420X1050 M——

1040 AI- ........

20 j»-- — — —

120At_ —— ——

120 ft.. ........

100i_. _._...___

110 __-__. _ _.

3

440X620 At- ——

790 M- — — -

40 M-- ——— -

130 M—— — —

100 AI--— ———

80 AI ... .... ....

SO ^.. .........

4

470X680M- ——

450X760 AI- ——

940 M-- — — -

35Ai- —— — —

120 M- — — —

120At—— — —

100 n. .........

140 At——— ......

5

6.0mm ........

880X1020 AI- __

440X1480 n... -

1340 M-.- — —

35 M- — - — —

110 M---- ————

130 M-- — — -

110M- —— —— ——

100 At--— ———

6

6.8mm _...__..

330X480 At- —

300X600 AI- — -

640 M---— —

45 ja.__. ._____.

110 At--. _______

UO n.. ........

llOAt——— — -

140 M- —————

7

340X570 At—— -

280X660 AI- — ..

640 AI- .........

50 ».. .........

W».. .........

80 M... ________

110 M —— — —

110 At.- ——— ....

8

8.0 mm

300X480 At

320 X620 M

640 AI

40 p.

100 M

110 AI

100 At

140 M

The equatorial chambers are commonly short-spatulate, but some are hexagonal and others are arcuate. 

All three types may occur in the same equatorial section.

Measurements of vertical sections of Lepidocyclina (N.) chaperi from locality 125

Specimen

Thickness ________ _______ .....

Embryonic chambers:

Length.. ______ ._. ____ . .......

Height...— ____ _-—-_---_----—

Thickness of outer wall ________

Equatorial layer:

Thickness at center.... _ _ _ . __ __

Thickness at periphery __ ______ _ _.

Lateral chambers:

Height—— _—— ——— —————.._._

1

0.78mm__...

640 At— — -

260 At——— —

50 At-—— _ -

150 At--— —

160 At——— —

5

80-100 A»— —

10 AI— —— —

30-40 At— ... .

80-100 M— --

2

1.06mm .....

500 At _

320 A»--— —

60 AI— —— —

140 A* __ — -

160 At— ... —

8—— .... ....

100-210 AI- -

10 AI-— —— -

20-40 At--- _

fi(Wl_J1 ,,

3

1.22.——.—

640 At.-- — -

460 AI-- — —

60 At--— ——

140 AI. __ —

160 At _ .——

7...... ......

80-220 At—— -

20 At— - _ -

20 At--—— —

100-160 A»- —

4

1.5mm... ...

700 At.—— ...

240 M--— —

60 A»---— —

160 At--— —

190 AI--— —

12_——— ——

80-300 AI- —

10 AI-—— — -

20-30 At — ...

Srt-1__l ,,

5

1.24mm .....

760 At--——

340 AI- .... ...

60 AI-- — — -

140 At——— ...

190 p.. ... ....

8 . ...

70-200 M-- —

10-20 A* __ -

20-30 At ......

120-200 A. __

6

1.6mm __ -.

720 A.--— —

420 n... ... ...

60 A*-- __ -—

160 At--— —

200 AI- —— —

12—————

120-140 v... -

10-20 A-—- -

20-30 A-——

120 A*--- _ -

7

1.7mm ......

820 At——— —

380 M— -—

40 At- _ — -

200 A.-.— ...

260 At— — —

14.——— -

160-240 At- ...

20 At- ————

20 At—— —— -

80-100 AI———

8

6.6mm __ .

1.8mm ......

880 At- — — -

360 AI —— ——

60 Ai---— —

190 At—— ——

190 At- __ -

12——————

120-180 AI __

20 At-.— — -

20 it .... .....

60-260 At _ -

9

2.2 mm

700 AI

460 AI

60 M

150 At

210 At

18

100-300 AI

20 M

20 AI

160-200 At

The lateral chambers are not arranged in regular tiers. 

There is overlapping from one tier to the adjacent one. 

The cavities of the lateral chambers adjacent to the 

equatorial layer are low and slitlike between very thick 

roofs and floors, but those near the periphery are more 

open and their floors and roofs have a thickness about 

equal to the height of the cavities. The thinner specimens do not possess this outer zone of open lateral 

chambers.

Although these specimens at first glance appear to be 

different from, those assigned to L. chaperi, detailed 

study shows that there are no valid characters upon 

which a separation can be based. Vaughan and Cole 

(1933, p. 31) wrote:

Lepidocyclina semmesi and L. tantoyucensis both belong to the 

subgenus Nephrolepidina and are so closely related to L. (Nephrolepidina) fragilis Cushman that the senior author has vacillated 

between referring them to that species and assigning new names 

to them.

If Vaughan and Cole had had available the present 

collections, they would have assigned the Mexican 

forms to L. fragilis without question.

Associated with the larger specimens already described are certain small, strongly umbonate specimens. 

A description follows:

Small specimens with a strong umbo and a narrow 

rim occur infrequently in the sample from locality 125. 

Measurements of an equatorial and a vertical section 

follow:

Diameter, 2.26 mm; thickness through center, 1.0 

mm; diameter of umbo, 1.2 mm; width of rim, 0.5 mm; 

thickness of rim, 0.24 mm.

The distance across both embryonic chambers is 

780 fj, and the height of the embryonic chamber? is 640 p.

The equatorial chambers are short-spatulate. Those 

near the periphery have radial diameters of 130 p and 

tangential diameters of 80 #.
FAMILY ORBITOIDIDAE 27

There are two or three layers of lateral chambers 

over the embryonic chambers. The cavities of these 

chambers are low and slitlike between thick floors and 

roofs.

These specimens were identified as Lepidocyclina 

(Lepidocyclina) tschoppi Thiadens (1937, pp. 103, 104) 

but study demonstrated that they represent immature 

specimens of L. (Nephrolepidina) chaperi. The large 

thick-walled embryonic apparatus, the short-spatulate 

equatorial chambers, and the low, slitlike cavities of the 

lateral chambers are features which characterize L. 

(Nephrolepidina) chaperi.

The Cuban specimens were not referred to the correct 

subgenus. The embryonic apparatus of L. (Nephrolepidina) chaperi varies from nearly lepidocycline sensu 

stricto to nephrolepidine. L. tschoppi occurs in Cuba 

in beds which Thiadens referred to "transitional beds 

between the upper Eocene and Oligocene." These 

same beds contain L. (Nephrolepidina) fragilis cubensis 

Thiadens. This new variety of L. fragilis represents 

one of the adult stages of L. (Nephrolepidina} chaperi.

Microspheric generation.—A vertical section of a 

microspheric individual with a diameter of 12 mm and a 

thickness through the center of 2.8 mm has an umbonate 

portion with a diameter of 5 mm surrounded by a rim 

4 mm wide.

The equatorial layer has a height at the center of the 

test of 120 n and at the periphery 300 ju; these measurements include the thickness of the roofs and floors.

There are 22 lateral chambers to a tier on each side of 

the equatorial layer at the center of the test. The 

lateral chambers are arranged in tiers, but there is 

overlapping from one tier to the adjacent one. The 

cavities of the lateral chambers are low and slitlike 

between thick roofs and floors in a zone adjacent to the 

equatorial layer. In the peripheral zone the cavities 

of the lateral chambers become more open and the roofs 

and floors are thinner. The cavities of the lateral 

chambers in this outer zone have a height of 30 to 40 ju 

and a length of 160 to 360 /*• The thickness of the roofs 

and floors of these chambers is from 20 to 40 ju.

The inflated portion of the test has long, slender 

pillars. Average pillars have a surface diameter of 

200 ju.

A specimen with a thickness through the center of 

3.8 mm has 25 lateral chambers to a tier on each side 

of the equatorial layer. The other details of this 

specimen are similar to the details of the other available 

thin section.

These microspheric specimens from locality 125 agree 

in every detail with L. (Lepidocyclina) subraulinii 

Cushman as illustrated by Vaughan (1933, pi. 2, figs. 

1-3). The vertical section (Vaughan, 1933, pi. 3,

fig. 1) of a megalospheric specimen assigned by Vaughan 

probably to L. subraulinii shows many of the features 

of the inflated type of specimen from Florida called L. 

sanfernandensis tallahasseensis.

Occurrence.—Locs. 15, 23, 125, 137, 138a, 140, 150. 

Distribution elsewhere: Upper Eocene of Florida (as L. 

fragilis and L. sanfernandensis tallahasseensis), Cuba 

(as L. perundosa and L. subraulinii), Mexico (as L. 

semmesi and L. tantoyucensis), Trinidad (as L. sanfernandensis) and Jamaica (as L. haddingtonensis).

Remarks.—From beds assigned to the uppermost 

Eocene 2 in America seven species and three varieties 

of Nephrolepidina have been described:

Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) chaperi Lemoine and R. Douvrlle' 

(1904) Panama; perundosa Cushman (1919) Cuba; fragilis 

Cushman (1920) Florida; fragilis cubensis Thiadens 

(1937) Cuba; haddingtonensis Vaughan (1928) Jamaica; 

semmesi Vaughan and Cole (1933) Mexico; semmesi 

granosa Vaughan and Cole (1933) Mexico; tantoyucensis 

Vaughan and Cole (1933) Mexico; sanfernandensis 

Vaughan and Cole (1941) Trinidad; sanfernandensis 

tallahasseensis Cole (1943) Florida.

To this list should be added probably L. persimilis'H. 

DouviUe" (1924) from beds reported by him to be 

Oligocene in age at Erin Point, Trinidad. This species 

is inadequately described and is illustrated only by 

drawings of the embryonic and equatorial chambers 

and distribution of pillars. These features suggest that 

L. persimilis is in reality L. chaperi, but a positive 

statement should not be made until topotypes can be 

examined.

All of these species possess large nephrolepidine 

embryonic chambers, short-spatulate to arcuate equatorial chambers, low cavities in the lateral chambers 

with floors and roofs about equal in thickness to the 

height of the cavities, and usually small pillars. T/\e 

characters of individuals from one locality vary, and 

the predominant types of individuals vary from locality 

to locality, but the essential characters are similar in 

all of these specimens. Thus, the author believes 

them to be of only one species.

Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) dartoni Vaughan 

Plate 19, figures 1-8

1933. Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) dartoni Vaughan, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 89, no. 10, pp. 36, 37, pi. 25, fias. 

1, 2; pi. 26, figs. 1-3.

Test with a central, evenly inflated umbonate area 

which is surrounded by an undulating rim. Several 

rays on the rim give the test a stellate margin. These 

rays are faint in some specimens and strong in others. 

The rays do not extend into the umbonal area in either

2 Recently, MaeNeil (1944, pp. 1324-1328) placed the L. fragilis zone in Florida, in 

the lower Oligocene. New evidence from Florida (Wayne Moore, personal communication) indicates that this assignment is incorrect. Moore places the L. frapilis 

zone in the uppermost Eocene because of the presence of Helicolepidina spiralis Tobler.
28 EOCENE AND OLIGOCENE LARGER FORAMINIFERA IN THE CANAL ZONE

type. Slightly weathered specimens have relatively 

large polygonal pits on the surface of the umbo. These 

pits are a reflection of the large, open lateral chambers. 

A specimen with a diameter of more than 4.3 mm has 

an umbo with a diameter of about 2.6 mm. A strong 

ray projects 0.6 mm beyond the periphery of the test. 

The measurable diameter of the largest specimen is 4.8 

mm, but a part of the rim has been destroyed. This 

specimen has an umbo with a diameter of 2.8 mm.

The embryonic chambers are nephrolepidine. There 

are four principal periembryonic chambers, one of them 

lying at each end of the curved dividing partition between the embryonic chambers. The other two are 

situated so that one is on each side of the larger, reniform 

embryonic chamber.

Measurements of equatorial sections follow:

Measurements of equatorial sections of Lepidocyclina (N.) dartoni 

from locality 11 a

Embryonic chambers: 

Diameters of initial chamber. 

Diameters of second chamber. 

Distance across both chambers.

Equatorial chambers: 

Near center:-

Tangential diameter _ _ 

Near periphery:

Tangential diameter _ _

Specimen

1

4.44 mm____

160X240M--- 

180X350 M-- -

360/t--- — — -

25/t--- — —

60/«-- — — —

60 M- __ -----

60-120 M-----

60 M--- ___ -

2

3.54 mm

140 X 180 M 

100X260 M

260 M 

25 M

60 M 

40 M

60-110 p 

50-60 M

Measurements of vertical sections of Lepidocyclina (N.) dartoni from locality lla

Total diameter_____ _ _ ____ _ ________________ ___^_ _ .

Diameter of umbo. _._ _____ __________ ________ _______

Width of rim___ ___________________________ __ __ ____ ___

Thickness. _____ _ _ _ _ _____________ ___ ________ ____ __

Embryonic chambers: 

Length — ____________ _ __ _ ___ ________ _____ _ _____

Height_____ _______ __________ __ ________ _______

Thickness of outer wall. _ _____ _ ___ _________ ___

Equatorial layer: 

Height at center ___ ________ _ _ __ ______ ________ __

Height at periphery __ _ _______ ____ __________ __

Lateral chambers: 

Number _ ____ ____ ____ _______ __ _______ _________

Length _ _______ _._ ___________ __ ____ _ ________ __

Height __ ----_-----_------_--____-_____________________

Thickness of floors and roofs. _ ______ __________ _ ____ _ _

Surface diameter of pillars________ ___ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ _____

l

2.2 mm ___ _______

260 AI--------------

160 M--- ___ ----- _

20 /*-__.___-_--_ — .

80 /*_____-__-____..-

120 /*______.-_.____

10_-__--__.___-__-_

240 M--------------

40 M------------ _

20 M------------ _

100 AI--------------

2

2.5+ mm ___ _____

250 M------ ___ ---

180 /*--- — — — — -

20 u

80 ju---------------

140 M------ __ ----

9-___--__-._____-_-

180-220 A*- ___ _ __

40 u

20 j«-- ------------

3

2.6 nm

1.2 nm

360 M

220 M

30 M

60 /«

110 ^

9

120-300 M

40 M

20 A*

95 M

Specimens

The equatorial chambers are rhombic near the center 

of the test, but toward the periphery they become 

spatulate to elongate-hexagonal, with radial diameters 

greater than the tangential. The radiate character of 

the test is expressed by the arrangement of the equatorial chambers.

The lateral chambers are arranged in regular tiers. 

They have large, open rectangular cavities between 

rather strong roofs and floors. Slender pillars may or 

may not be present in the umbonal area.

Occurrence.—Loc. lla. Distribution elsewhere: Only 

at type locality in Cuba in Oligocene beds.

Remarks.—The thin sections on which the type 

description of this species is based are random ones 

cut from the matrix material in which the specimens 

were found. Although the specimens from Panama 

are smaller and have considerably smaller embryonic 

chambers than the type specimens, the other similarities of the internal features of the Cuban and Panamanian specimens are proof that the specimens in the 

present collection should be referred to the Cuban 

species.

Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) tournoueri Lemoine and R.

Douville

Plate 19, figures 9-12

1904. Lepidocyclina tournoueri Lemoine and R. Douvill^,

Soc. Geol. France Mem. 32, p. 19, pi. 1, fig. 5; pi. 2,

figs. 2, 14; pi. 3, fig. 1. 

1924. Lepidocyclina tournoueri Lemoine and R. Douvill^. H.

Douville1 , Soc. G6ol. France M6m., n. s., vo1 . 2, no. 2,

p. 78, pi. 6, figs. 8-12, text figs. 62-68. 

1924. Lepidocyclina tournoueri Lemoine and R. Douvill^.

Vaughan, Geol. Soc. America Bull., vol. 35, p. 798,

pi. 33, figs. 6, 7. 

1933. Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) tournoueri Leraoine and

R. Douville'. Vaughan, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol.

89, no. 10, pp. 25, 26, pi. 13, figs. 1, 2. 

1933. Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) tempanii Vaughan and

Cole. Vaughan, idem, pp. 26, 27, pi. 13, figsr, 3-6. 

1941. Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) tempanii Vaughan and

Cole. Vaughan and Cole, Geol. Soc. America Spec,

Paper 30, p. 75, pi. 39, figs. 5-9. 

1945. Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) tournoueri Lemoine and

R. Douvillg. Cole, Florida Geol. Survey Eull. 28, p.

34, pi. 5, figs. 18, 19.

The two species, Lepidocyclina tournoueri, and L. 

tempanii, are distinguished by the fact that L. tempanii
FAMILY OEBITOIDIDAE

has much more elongate equatorial chambers than L. 

tournoueri. The maximum radial diameter of peripheral equatorial chambers of L. tournoueri is given by 

Vaughan (1933, p. 26) as 67 /* whereas equatorial 

chambers of L. tempanii have a maximum radial 

diameter of about 110 /*.

The writer prepared several additional equatorial 

sections of L. tournoueri from Arbol Grande, near 

Tampico, Tamaulipas, Mexico, for comparison. These 

sections have peripheral equatorial chambers which 

have radial diameters from 65 to 120 /*. It would 

appear from this that it is impossible to distinguish 

between these two species.

L. (Nephrolepidina) lehneri van de Geyn and van der 

Vlerk (1935, p. 251, figs. 14, 15), an inadequately 

described and illustrated species from the Oligocene, is 

probably a synonym of L. tournoueri.

Occurrence.—Loc. 45. Distribution elsewhere: Reported from Antigua and Trinidad as L. tempanii, an<i 

from near Tampico, Tamaulipas, Mexico.

lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) vaughani Cushman 

Plate 18, figures 14,15; plate 20, figures 1-6; plate 21, figures 1-15

1919. Lepidocyclina vaughani Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull.

103, p. 93, pi. 37, figs. 4, 5 [not figs. 1, 2, 3]; pi. 38. 

1933. Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) vaughani Cushmar.

Vaughan, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 89, no. 10, pp,

32, 33, pi. 16, figs. 1-5 (references).

Externally this species is characterized by a small 

umbo bordered by a wide rim, the outer edge of which 

is thickened so that a raised flange borders the outer 

periphery of the test.

Vaughan has discussed this species rather fully. 

Measurements of equatorial and vertical sections which 

demonstrate the variation among individuals follow.

Measurements of equatorial sections of Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) vaughani

Diameter____ ______ ._ __ __ _______ __.._

Embryonic chambers: 

Diameters of initial chamber _____

Diameters of second chamber _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Distance across both chambers _ _

Thickness of outer wall___ __ _ _ _

Equatorial chambers: 

Near center: 

Radial diameter _______ ___

Near periphery: 

Radial diameter. ___ _______

Tangential diameter ________ _ ___

3

1

8.6 mm. ______

260X340 p..

160X620 M ___

460 M------ -

20-30 /.______

60 /t_. _______

60 /._________

60-80 fi. _____

60-80 /._____

0

o

7+ mm__ ___

290X340^- -

340X660 p...

650 n- __ _

20 /-_---_ — __

120 M ________

80 M---------

100-150 /.____

100 M--------

Locality

3

Specimen

3

420X460 M---

360X720 M---

800 /.________

20 /._________

120 /t. _______

90 p ___ ._ _

Broken. _

_____do_______

8

4

Broken. _____

440X550 p.. _

300X860 /t._

760 /.________

20 M---— --

110 p __ __

100 /.________

Broken. _^ _ _

__.__do____--_

43

,

5

5.7+ mm

590 X 900 p

395X1340 p

1000 p

20 p

100-160 p

90-100 p

120 p

80 p

Measurements of vertical sections of Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) vaughani

Locality

Diameter.—— — ... — ... — „ __ _. —— „ __ ............

Thickness- __ ... ______ _______ _______

Thickness of expanded edge of flange — .._. ............ 

Embryonic chambers: 

Length.. —— . — _ ———— __ — — ———— .. ........ 

Height. _____ . ___ ........... ____ -. _ .....

Equatorial layer: 

Height at center. _ — ... — ........ __ ......... 

Height at periphery- --------- _ .-.- ___ .... ....

Lateral chambers:

Height.....——————--.———-..——.

Thickness of roofs and floors _ ______ _____

lla 30 38 43 123

Specimen

1

9.4 mm.-____ 

1.54 mm __ _ 

3.0 mm

0.66 mm .....

500/1- —— — 

240 /i— __ — 

_OM- __ ----

120/1- —— — 

660 M ___ --

8. ___ .....

140-240 M- ... 

20-80/t — — 

20/1— — — - 

60-80/1- ———

2

8.0mm ...... 

1.7mm ......

0.7 mm _ ..

540 n ........

320 M- __ .. 

30-40 M--— -

120/1——— 

720/1— — —

9.. ——— .

lOO-280/i.... 

50-70/1— ——

20 /i— ... _— 

80/1. — .....

3

7.2+ mm .... 

1.44 mm .....

360/1- ——— 

200/1-. —— . 

20/1--- — —

lOO/i-——— 

440+ /i_.——

10——— ———

140-280/1—— 

20-60 p.... ... 

20/1— — — 

lOO/i— — —

4 •

Broken.. _ _ 

1.4mm.. ....

——do-.——

1100 M _ .... 

320/1-——— 

20/1— ————

120/1——— 

Broken...—.

8———— ———

200-280/1—— 

40-80/« ___ . 

20 n ... ......

80/1-- — — -

5

Broken ...... 

1.2mm __ . 

2.6 mm

.. ..do...—.

780/1- —— — 

330/1— — — 

20/1— ————

120/1— ——— 

Broken ......

7— — — —

140-260/1— - 

40-60 /«— — - 

20/1— — —— 

60/1——- —

• 6

Broken—. ... 

1.7mm __ .

960/«__ _ ... 

340/1——— 

20/1———

130/1-——— 

Broken... ...

10.————

120-280/1—— 

60-80 it.. .... 

20/1-——— 

lOO/i-- — —

7

Broken ...... 

1.42mm .....

Broken.. _ 

—— do..——

600/1-...-— 

380 n. ... — . 

20 n ... ......

120/1— —— 

Broken ......

9— ——— ——

140-340 n. ... 

30-60/1——— -

20/1- —— — 

60-80/1-—.-.

8

7.9+ mm 

1.3 mm 

2.0mm 

0.4mm 

0.52mm

600 n 

290 /i 

20-30 /i

110 /i 

500 /i

7 

140-280 /i 

30-60 n 

20 /i 

100 M

990815—52-
30 EOCENE AND OLIGOCENE LARGER FORAMINIFERA IN THE CANAL ZONE

Occurrence.—LOGS, lla, 30, 37, 38, 43, 53, 121, 123. 

Distribution elsewhere: Upper Oligocene of Antigua.

Remarks.—Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) verbeeki 

Barker (1932, pp. 278, 279, pi. 16, figs. 2, 3, 5, not figs. 

1, 4), [not Newton and Holland, 1875], from the Oligocene of San Pedro, Peru, is without question L. 

vaughani. In Peru this species occurs with Miogypsina 

(Miolepidocyclina) panamensis (Cushman).

Subgenus EULEPIDINA H. Douville, 1911

Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) favosa Cushman

Plate 22, figures 1-5

1919. Lepidocyclina favosa Cushman, Carnegie Inst. Washington 

Pub. 291, p. 66, pi. 3, figs. Ib, 2; pi. 15, fig. 4.

1945. Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) favosa Cushman. Cole, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 28, pp. 41-43, pi. 4, figs. 3, 4, 7, 

11; pi. 8, figs. 1, 2; pi. 9, figs. 1-7; pi. 10, figs. 1-9; 

pi. 11, fig. 9 (references and synonymy).

Lepidocyclina (E.) favosa has been discussed in detai^ 

by Vaughan (1933), pp. 37-41) and later by Cole 

(1945, pp. 41-43).

An equatorial and a vertical section of megalospheric 

individuals are figured, also several sections of microspheric individuals. In the material available the 

microspheric generation appears to be the common one, 

but this may be due to the manner in which the specimens were selected.

Occurrence.—Locs. 38, 39. Distribution elsewhere: 

The same as that of L. undosa.

Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) undosa Cushman 

Plate 22, figures 6-8

1919. Lepidocyclina rindosa Cushman, Carnegie Inst. Washington Pub. 291, p. 65, pi. 2, fig. la.

1945. Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) undosa Cushman. Cole, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 28, pp. 43, 44, pi. 1, figs. 14, 15; 

pi. 2, fig. 8; pi. 8, fig. 7; pi. 11, fig. 8. (references and 

synonymy).

The equatorial sections of Lepidocyclina favosa and 

L. undosa are similar. The differences occur in the 

vertical sections. At most localities these two species 

occur together. It is extremely probable that only 

one highly variable species is represented, and that 

L. gigas Cushman is the mierospheric form of the 

combined species.

Although L. undosa is found only at locality 45 in 

Panama, it may occur at localities 38 and 39 at which 

L. favosa is found. Few specimens were recovered 

from these localities and these with some difficulty because of the indurated nature of the matrix material.

Occurrence.—Loc. 45. Distribution elsewhere: Upper Oligocene in the Antigua formation of Antigua; 

Moneague formation of Jamaica; limestone of Cayman 

Brae, Cayman Islands; Meson formation of Mexico; 

Chickaswhay limestone of Alabama; Suwanee limestone 

of Florida; San Luis series of Venezuela; and in 

Trinidad.

Lepidocyclina gigas Cushman 

Plate 22, figure 9

1919. Lepidocyclina gigas Cushman, Carnegie Inst. Washington 

Pub. 291, p. 64, pi. 1, figs. 3-5; pi. 5, fig. 4.

1945. Lepidocyclina gigas Cushman. Cole, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 28, pp. 44, 45, pi. 8, figs. 5, 6 (references and 

synonymy).

Vaughan (1924, p. 799) as early as 1924 expressed 

the opinion that Lepidocyclina gigas is the microspheric 

generation of L. undosa. As L. undosa and L. favosa 

occur together, L. gigas could be the microspheric generation of one or the other. However, if L. undosa 

and L. favosa are combined, L. gigas is the microspheric 

generation of the combined species. Although this is 

undoubtedly the correct relationship, the name L. 

gigas is used in this report because of the tentative 

retention of the specific names, L. undosa and L. favosa.

Occurrence.—Loc. 39. Distribution elsewhere: The 

same as that of L. undosa.

Subfamily HELICOLEPIDINAE Tan 

Genus HELICOLEPIDINA Tobler, 1922

Helicolepidina spiralis Tobler 

Plate 24, figures 1-16; plate 20, figure 13

1922. Helicolepidina spiralis Tobler, Eclogae geol. Helvetiae,

vol. 17, pp. 380-384, text figs. 1-3.

1934. Helicolepidina spiralis Tobler. Barker, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 8, pp. 345, 346, pi. 47, figs. 1-4; text figs.

la, c (references and synonymy). 

1936. Helicolepidina, spiralis Tobler. Barker and Grimsdale,

idem, vol. 10, p. 243, pi. 33, fig. 7. 

1936. Helicolepidina spiralis Tobler. Vaughan, ide^ri, vol. 10,

p. 251, pi. 39, fig. 5; pi. 40, figs. 6-8. 

1936. Helicolepidina nortoni Vaughan, idem, vol. 10, pp. 248-251,

pi. 39, figs. 1-4; pi. 40, figs. 1-5. 

1941. Helicolepidina spiralis Tobler. Vaughan and Cole, Geol.

Soc. America Spec. Paper 30, p. 76, pi. 45, fig. 1. 

1949. Helicolepidina spiralis Tobler. Cole, Jour. Paleontology,

vol. 23, p. 272, pi. 52, figs. 9, 10.

Three topotypes of Helicolepidina nortoni Vaughan 

from Louisiana are illustrated for comparison with 

the Panamanian specimens identified as H. spiralis 

Tobler. Vaughan (1936, p. 251) wrote, "The principal 

difference, however, seems to be in the spiral chambers 

of H. nortoni not extending so clearly to the embryonic 

chambers as in H. spiralis."

In preparing equatorial sections of several specimens 

of H. spiralis, one finds that the extent of the spiral 

chambers in the, plane of the equatorial section depends 

on the accuracy with which the section is ground. This 

relationship is shown by figures 7-10 on plate 24.

Occurrence.—Locs. 22a, 124, 125, 132, 145. Distribution elsewhere: Upper Eocene in Trinidad, the Seroe di 

Cueba limestone of Curagao; northwest Peru; Venezuela; the Tampico Embayment, Mexico; Louisiana 

(as H. nortoni) and in the L. chaperi zone (= L.fragilis) 

of Florida (Wayne Moore, personal communication).
FAMILY DISCOCYCLINIDAE 31

Family DISCOCYCLINIDAE

Genus ASTEROCYCLINA Giimbel, 1870

Asterocyclina georgiana (Cushman)

Plate 27, figures 6-12

1917. Orthophragmina georgiana Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey 

Prof. Paper 108-G, pp. 117, pi. 41, figs. 2, 3; pi. 42, fig. 

3; pi. 43, figs. 2, 3.

1949. Asterocyclina georgiana (Cushman). Cole, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 23, pp. 273, 274, pi. 52, figs. 7, 8; pi. 53, fig. 1; 

pi. 55, figs. 1-5.

Some typical specimens of Asterocyclina georgiana 

have 4 rays projecting from a central area, and others 

have in addition to these an extension of the equatorial 

layer between the rays. Such specimens have a 

quadrangular outline.

Occurrence.—Locs. 22a, 124, 125, 137, 145. Distribution elsewhere: Upper Eocene of Florida, Cuba, 

Jamaica, Venezuela, and Nicaragua.

Asterocyclina mariannensis (Cushman) 

Plate 27, figures 1-5; plate 28, figures 1-3

1917. Orthophragmina mariannensis Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 108-G, pp. 116, 117, pi. 40, fig. 5; 

pi. 42, fig. 2.

1917. Orthophragmina mariannensis Cushman, var. papillata 

Cushman, idem, p. 117, pi. 43, fig. 1; pi. 44.

1920. Orthophragmina mariannensis Cushman. Cushman, U. S. 

Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 125, p. 46, pi. 11, fig. 1.

1920. Orthophragmina mariannensis Cushman, var. papillata 

Cushman. Cushman, idem, p. 47, pi. 11, fig. 2.

1945. Discocyclina (Asterocyclina) mariannensis (Cushman). 

Vaughan, Geol. Soc. America Mem. 9, pp. 80-82, pi. 

28; pi. 29.

Test stellate, composed of a small, pronounced central 

umbo from which radiate 5 or 6 raised rays between 

which there are more or less flat interray areas. Some 

specimens have large, raised papillae in the umbonal 

area and papillae of similar size and shape on the raised 

portions of the rays. Other specimens have small, 

indistinct papillae on the umbonal area and rays. In 

both types the interray areas are either devoid of 

papillae, or the papillae are very small and widely 

scattered. A polygonal mesh of ridges occurs among 

the papillae and on the interray areas. The largest 

specimen available has a diameter of 6 mm, but complete specimens would have a much greater size; every 

specimen recovered has chipped outer edges.

Four equatorial sections were studied, one of which 

represents a microspheric individual. One of the sections of a megalospheric individual is moderately 

satisfactory, another does not quite penetrate to the 

equatorial plane at the embryonic chambers, and the 

third is entirely unsatisfactory.

The least satisfactory section of the embryonic 

chambers shows large bilocular embryonic chambers. 

The initial chamber has diameters of about 240 by 340 /*. 

The second chamber has diameters of 260 by 420 MThe distance across both chambers is 520 p,. The outer 

wall of the chambers is only about 10 /x thick. The 

periembryonic chambers are too indistinct to describe.

The other section shows large bilocular embryonic 

chambers. The initial chamber has diameters of 310 

by 440 M and the second chamber has diameters of 340 

by 520 /*. The distance across both chambers is 660 MThe outer wall is about 10 JLC thick and is composed of 

an outer and inner layer between which there is a ve~y 

fine canal (pi. 28, fig. 3). There are several perierabryonic chambers. At one end of the partition between 

the embryonic chambers is a very large periembryoric 

chamber having diameters of 50 by 340 JLC. The periembryonic chamber at the other end is much smaller, 

70 by 140 M- On the outer periphery of the larger 

embryonic chamber are 4 periembryonic chambers, 2 

on one side and 2 on the other. Between these tvo 

sets of chambers there are 4 small square chambers. 

The periembryonic chambers on the outer margin of 

the initial chamber are too indistinct to be described.

The equatorial chambers are arranged so that the 

stellate pattern of the test is repeated in the arrangement of the equatorial chambers. One of the equator HI 

sections shows 5 rays and the other 6 rays.

The equatorial chambers in the rays have radial 

diameters as long as 100 p and tangential diameters of 

10 to 20 it. Equatorial chambers in the interray position have radial diameters of 40 /* and tangential diameters of 20 MThe three vertical sections available are made from 

specimens broken in removal from the matrix materal 

and now incomplete.

The cavities of the lateral chambers are long and low, 

with moderately thick roofs and floors. In two of the 

sections the lateral chambers are arranged in ve~y 

regular tiers, but in the third section the lateral chambers are arranged in regular tiers for about threequarters of the distance from the embryonic chambers 

to the periphery and then they overlap from one tier 

to the adjacent one.

Two of the vertical sections have heavy pillars irregularly distributed in the umbonal area and extending 

from the embryonic chambers to the surface of the te^t. 

The third section also has heavy pillars, but these do 

not extend beyond the beginning of the outer zone of 

overlapping lateral chambers. Actually the pills rs 

may extend to the surface and are not visible because 

the section may be slightly oblique; smaller pillsTS 

extending from the embryonic chambers to the surface 

would seem to bear this out.

Occurrence.—Loc. 140. Distribution elsewhere: Unper Eocene of Florida and Cuba.

Remarks.—The specimens from Panama are similar 

in all respects to those from the vicinity of Nuevitr.s, 

Cuba, assigned by Vaughan (1945, pp. 80-82) to 

Asterocyclina mariannensis (Cushman). As Vaughan 

has noted, there is a difference in the shape and arrange-
32 EOCENE AND OLIGOCENE LARGER FORAMINIFERA IN THE CANAL ZONE

r Measurements of vertical sections of Asterocyclina mariannensis from locality 140

'

"Actual diameter. _ _______ _ ____ _______

Diameter of the umbo ____ _________________ _ _ _____

Thickness through center_______ __ ____ _ _ ______ ___ _____

Flange thickness at outer edge. ___ ________ ___________ _

Embryonic chambers: 

Length- __. ________ __________ _ _________ ______ _ _

Height_.__ _-_---___-_______-_-______-_-_--.____________

Thickness of outer wall. _____ _ __ _ ___ _____ __ __

Equatorial layer: .; ,

Lateral chambers:

Height-__-_--_____--_---------- ----_---_-__________-__-_

'Surface diameter of pillars in umbo __ - _ _ ________ ________ _

......_ —————————————— i —————————————————

i

3.4 mm

1.2 mm

0.66 mm ___ _____

440 /»---- — - — —

220 M

10 /i--- __ - -------

40M-- — — — -----

16____________--__-

40-80 M--- — — - —

10-15 M--- — ------

10 /i--- __ - __ -----

80-160 M--- __ ----

100 /i- -------- ___

Specimen

2

5.0 mm__ _ ___ _ ___

2.0 mm __ __ ___ _

0.72 mm _ _ __ _ _

0.24 mm _ _ ____

540 M--------- __

160M-------- — -

10 /-___------------

60/t--------- - —

60 /.---------------

25._____-___ — -----

140-200 M----- ----

6-15/t--- — ----- --

10-20 M----- _

100-180 /.----------

None ___ _-_ _ __

3

4.8 mm

2.0 mm

1.8 mm

0.9 mm

420 ju

280 ju

10 M

55 M

29

60-100 M

5-15 M

10-21 M

80 M

60 M

ment of the embryonic chambers between the typical 

specimens from the Ocala limestone of Florida and 

those from Cuba.

The specimens from Panama have embryonic chambers which resemble those found in the Cuban specimens, but none of the specimens from Panama has 

«mbryonic chambers similar to specimens from Florida.

Asterocyclina minima (Cushman) 

Plate 26, figures 1-20; plate 28, figures 4-6

1919. Orthophragmina minima Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 

103, pp. 97, 98, pi. 41, fig. 1.

1919. Orthophragmina sculpturata Cushman, Carnegie Inst. 

Washington Pub. 291, pp. 54, 55, pi. 9, figs. 8, 9.

1920. Orthophragmina minima Cushman. Cushman, U. S. Geol.

Survey Prof. Paper 125, p. 41, pi. 7, fig. 3. 

1920. Orthophragmina sculpturata Cushman. Cushman, idem,

p. 43, pi. 8, figs. 3-7. 

1924. Discocyclina minima (Cushman). Vaughan, Geol. Soc.

America Bull., vol. 35, p. 792. 

1924. Discocylina sculpturata (Cushman). Vaughan, idem,

p. 793. 

1928. Asterodiscocyclina stewarti Berry, Eclogae geol. Helvetiae,

vol. 21, pp. 405-407, pi. 33. 

1933. Discocyclina (Asterocyclina) kugleri Gravell, Smithsonian

Misc. Coll., vol. 89, no. 11, pp. 23, 24, pi. 3, figs. 1-5. 

1935. Discocyclina (Asterocyclina) kugleri Gravell. Rutten,

Jour. Paleontology, vol. 9, p. 542, pi. 62, fig. 1. 

1935. Discocyclina (Asterocyclina) vermunti Rutten, idem, p.

542, pi. 61, figs. 4, 5; pi. 62, fig. 7. 

1935. Discocyclina (Asterocyclina) sp. Rutten, idem, p. 542,

pi. 62, fig. 6. 

1945. Discocyclina (Discocyclina) minima (Cushman). Vaughan,

Geol. Soc. America Mem. 9, p. 76, pi. 25, figs. 4-7. 

•1945. Discocyclina (Discocyclina) sp. cf. D. (D.) minima (Cushman). Vaughan, idem, p. 77, pi. 25, fig. 8. 

1945. Discocyclina (Asterocyclina) rutteni Vaughan, idem, pp.

82, 83, pi. 30, figs. 1-5. 

1945. Discocyclina (Asterocyclina) sculpturata (Cushman).

Vaughan, idem, pp. 83-85, pi. 30, fig. 6; pi. 31. 

1949. Discocyclina (Discocyclina) minima (Cushman). Cole,

Jour. Paleontology, vol. 23, p. 273, pi. 52, fig. 14; pi. 

54, figs. 6,7; pi. 55, fig. 6.

In 1919 Cushman (1919b, p. 54) described Orthophragsculpturata from Nuevitas, Cuba. Two illustrations are given of this new species, one an oblique 

"vertical" section, and the other an oblique "equatorial" section.

The oblique "vertical" section has a diameter of 

about 4 mm. The inflated central portion has a 

diameter of 1.5 mm and a thickness through the center 

of about 1 mm. Three rays are shown. The best 

developed ray has a length of about 1.8 mm and a 

thickness of about 0.2 mm. The central, umbonal 

portion has heavy pillars, and relatively Ion3 lateral 

chambers are arranged in regular tiers between the 

pillars.

The oblique "equatorial" section has a maximum 

diameter of about 2.5 mm. Heavy pillars occ-u* in the 

umbonal area.

Later, Cushman (1920, p. 43) republished the description and the original illustrations of 0. sculpturata. 

To these he added three more illustrations, cne of an 

external view of a specimen from the type locality at 

Nuevitas and the others of two vertical sections of 

specimens from the Gloria mine, Oriente Province, 

Cuba. Neither the type illustrations nor the supplemental ones present an adequate picture of thi? species.

Willard Berry (1928, p. 406) described a new genus, 

Asterodiscocyclina, for a new species from a locality 

near Calita Sal, Department of Piura, Pern. This 

new species, A. stewarti, is not compared to any previously described species.

Gravell (1933, p. 23) in the description of a new 

species of Asterocyclina, A. kughri from tire upper 

Eocene of Venezuela, compared it to A. stewarti (Berry) 

in the following sentence: "It (.4. kugleri) has distinct 

Asterocyclina arms, although they are small and often 

broken off, and its test is thicker than that cf D[iscocyclina] (Asterodiscocyclina) stewarti Berry."
FAMILY DISCOCYCLINIDAE

Cole and Ponton (1934, p. 141) reported a new 

species of Asterocyclina, A. monticellensis, from the 

Southern States Oil Corporation well in Jefferson 

County, Fla. Later, Cole (1944, p. 76; 1945, p. 122) 

recorded the presence of this species in two other 

Meridian wells. In all of these wells this species is 

assumed to occur in strata assigned to the middle 

Eocene.

Kutten (1935, p. 542) identified A. kugleri Gravell 

from upper Eocene strata of Cuba. From the same 

locality he described a new ' species, Discocyclina 

(Asterocyclina) vermunti and illustrated another probable species of Asterocyclina, without giving it a name.

Kecently, Vaughan (1945, pp. 80, 82) reexamined 

and described species of Asterocyclina from Cuba. 

From a locality "4.5 kilometers west of Guanajay on 

the road to Mariel (Palmer 1102)" Vaughan reported 

A. sculpturata and a new species, A. rutteni. As the 

late Mrs. Dorothy Palmer had sent me material from 

this station, it was possible to study specimens similar 

to those described by Vaughan.

All of these species are characterized in vertical section by the presence of many open lateral chambers 

having thin floors and roofs and arranged in regular 

tiers. Certain of the species have heavy pillars, 

whereas others are described as not possessing pillars. 

Although all of the species have the equatorial chambers arranged so that equatorial sections show rays, 

arms are developed externally only in the peripheral 

area. In certain species the external rays are so 

weakly developed that they are either not apparent or 

appear as very slight undulations. A rim may or may 

not be present.

Vaughan (1945, p. 83) distinguished A. rutteni from 

A. stewarti and A. kugleri by the presence of large 

papillae and pillars in the first species. Although 

Vaughan does not specifically compare A. rutteni with 

A. sculpturata except in shape of the pillars, A. rutteni 

has few and large papillae, whereas the papillae of A. 

sculpturata are smaller and are arranged in a different 

pattern. Moreover, A. scupturata has better developed 

rays and these extend higher on the umbo.

Although it is entirely possible to distinguish certain specimens of A. rutteni (pi. 26, fig. 1), from others 

which may be assigned to A. sculpturata (pi. 26, fig. 4) 

by external appearance, the differences on which this 

identification is made disappear when thin sections 

alone are studied. For example, Vaughan (1945, 

pp. 83, 85) wrote of A. rutteni, "The section cuts two 

nodules longitudinally, the larger is 0.29 mm thick at 

the surface; and there are some smaller pillars." Of 

the pillars of A. sculpturata he recorded, "Pillars are 

well developed, some of them are large, as much as 

280ju thick." It would seem, therefore, that the 

surface diameter of the pillars in the two species is 

virtually the same.

However, Vaughan (1945, p. 85) stated;concerning A. 

sculpturata:

As seen in longitudinal section the pillars have pointed inner 

ends and soon attain their maximum diameter which is maintained with only slight change to the surface. This differs from 

the longitudinal sections of the nodules of D [iscocyclina] (A .) 

rutteni.

It should be noted that Vaughan had only one vertical 

section of each of these species. Moreover, neither of 

these sections passes through the center. If Vaughrn 

had had several accurately oriented vertical sections 

he would have been able to observe that the pillars in 

these two species are the same.

Also, in the Cuban sample there are many specimens, 

which externally appear to be intermediate between A. 

rutteni and A. sculpturata. In every character examined, 

these species appear to be alike.

There remains, however, the question whether such 

species as A. kugleri, which is described as not possessirg 

pillars, should be included in A. sculpturata. Ruttra 

(1935, p. 528) recorded A. kugleri as a rare species 

occurring at the same locality as A. vermunti, a species 

which Vaughan correctly considered to be A. sculpturata.

It is entirely possible for a species which has pillars 

not to show these externally because the surface of tl e, 

test may be worn. Also, it is not unusual for a test to 

be sectioned in a way that does not reveal the pillar?, 

as the writer has observed on many occasions. ' Micropaleontologists should themselves make /their thin 

sections so that they can study the internal/features rs 

the section is being ground.

The presence or absence of pillars is not a firm criterion on which to base a species. It has been proven 

with too many species that there is individual variation 

from very weak pillars to exceptionally strong ones.

Inasmuch as A. kugleri and A. sculpturata occur in tbe 

same samples and inasmuch as they are identical in all 

internal structures except that of pillars, these species 

should be combined. The description and illustrations 

of A. stewarti are not good, but it would seem that A. 

stewarti is another synonym of A. sculpturata.

Finally, Orthophragmina minima Cushman (1919?., 

p. 41) from the upper Eocene of Panama should H 

discussed. The holotype of this species is a single, not 

centered, vertical section. New - illustrations of this 

specimen are given on plate 26, figures 14, 15. Figure 

14 is a photomicrograph taken by ordinary transmitted 

light and figure 15 is the same specimen photographed 

by dark field illumination. These excellent photograpl •* 

were made by Mr. Lloyd Henbest of the U. S. Geological Survey.

Vaughan (1924, p. 792) assigned 0. minima to tl a. 

genus Discocyclina s. s. Recently, Vaughan (1945, 

pp. 76, 77) briefly discussed this species, refigured tl'Q 

holotype, and gave illustrations of three additional 

specimens from the type locality of this species. In
34 EOCENE AND OLIGOCENE LARGER FORAMINIFERA IN THE CANAL ZONE

addition, he illustrated a single vertical section of a 

specimen from Jamaica which he compared with D. 

(D.) minima.

Cole (1949, p. 273) figured 4 not centered, vertical 

sections of specimens from the Upper Eocene of Panama 

which he considered should be referred to D. (D.) 

minima.

With the exception of the single highly oblique 

"equatorial" section illustrated by Vaughan, all the 

other sections are vertical ones. It became apparent 

when the holotype was photographed by dark field 

illumination that it displayed all the internal features 

of A. sculpturata. Reexamination of other specimens 

with this point in mind demonstrates the uniform

similarity between the specimens referred to D. minima 

and those assigned to A. sculpturata. It appears, 

therefore, that the species called D. minima is the same 

as A. sculpturata. Inasmuch as the specific rame, A. 

minima, has priority over all the other names, the entire 

group must be called A. minima.

Although Asterocyclina ?nonticellensis from the assumed middle Eocene strata of Florida is related closely 

to A. minima, it would appear that the two species can 

be distinguished. A. monticellensis is smalle^, it has 

fewer lateral chambers to a tier, and more important, 

the floors and roofs of these lateral chambers are slightly 

curved, whereas those of A. minima are straight.

Measurements of equatorial sections of Asterocyclina minima

Embryonic chambers: 

Diameters of initial chamber ______ ____

Diameters of second chamber. _______________

Distance across both chambers ________

Thickness of outer wall. _ ___ _ _ _______

Equatorial chambers: 

Chambers in rays: 

Radial diameter. ____ _________

Tangential diameter _ _____ _ ____ __

Chambers in interray areas: 

Radial diameter. _____ ________

Tangential diameter______ __ _ _ ___

Locality

140 22a

Specimen

1

120X120 M-------

100X180 *______„

220 A*_. __________

10 At

80/.---- — — -----

15/.--- — -------

40/.---- — -------

lOjU------ —— —— - ——

2

2.34 mm _____

110X 160 At- ______

120X220 At-------

250 ju--- — _----_-

10 M--—— ---------

60 *._____ ———— —

20*i__ — —— -__

40 At------- -----

15 *i__ — _ _ ______

3

2.9 mm_-_____ __

100X 140 At- ______

130X230 At-------

240*.-. — _ — ——

5At---_- --------

80*i___ — — — ——

20*._-_ ——— _ ——

40 *i________.____

20 *t__— __ „ __ ___

4

2.82 mm

100X125M 

110X220 n 

220 /» 

5*.

60 ju 

20 it

80 A* 

20 *t

Measurements of vertical sections of Asterocyclina minima

Locality

Thickness through center. ______

Embryo nic chambers: 

Length.... ____ _ _ ____ __________

Height ---__-__-____.___ _ _____________

Thickness of outer wall. ______ _ _ _ ___

Equatorial layer: 

Height at center __ ______ _ ___________

Height at periphery __ ________ ___________

Lateral chambers: 

Number. -__-___ _________________ ____

Height _____ _____ _ _ _ __ _. _ ______

Length _____________________ _____ _ ___

Surface diameter of pillars. ___ _____ ___. _____

i

2.0 mm______

1.7mm___ __

180 /_----- ——

120 M------

10 /_------ —

30 *.______.__

40/.--- — ——

16__________-

20 At--------

40-60 M-- ----

100-200 M----

140

2

3.3 mm______

0.32 mm_____

200 /<-___-_-_

120 *___ ____

K ,,

40 M-------

65 At---------

24_ — _ —— __

10-20 At------

60-100 /____ __

60-200 *______

Specimen

3

3.2 mm______

2.36 mm__ __

0.26 mm___ _

170 *.-__.___.

120 *.___.____

5*.---__— -_.

20 A*---------

40 M---------

35_-__-__-_-_

10-20 M--- --

60-140 A*-- ---

140-320 A*-- --

22a

4

2.26 mm_____

1.92 mm_____

1.21 mm_ ___

0.2 mm______

25*i._- — .—

60 M---------

18-___ — -_ — _

20-30 ju--- ---

80-100 A*--- --

100-160 At-- _-

5

l.f 6 mm

0.£ mm

100 A*

80 M

5 A'

25 A*

40 A*

15

20 M

80 At

80-180 M
FAMILY MIOGYPSINIDAE 35

Vertical sections of Cuban specimens (pi. 26, figs. 

8-13) of A, sculpturata and A. rutteni are illustrated 

to demonstrate how these two species intergrade and 

for comparison with similar Panamanian specimens.

Occurrence.—Locs. 22a, 140. Distribution elsewhere: 

Upper Eocene of Cuba (as A. sculpturata, A. vermunti 

and A. rutteni), Venezuela (as A. kugleri), Jamaica 

(as D. minima), and Peru (as A. stewarti).

Genus PSEUDOPHRAGMTNA H. Douville', 1923

Subgenus PROPOROCYCLINA Vaughan and Cole, 1940

Pseudophragmina (Proporocyclina) fiintensis (Cushman)

Plate 28, figures 7-16

1917. Orthophragmina flintensis Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey

Prof. Paper 108-G, p. 115, pi. 11, figs. 1, 2. 

1945. Pseudophragmina (Proporocyclina) flintensis (Cushman).

Vaughan, Geol. Soc. America Mem. 9, pp. 89-92, pi. 36;

pi. 37, fig. 1. 

1949. Pseudophragmina (Proporocyclina) flintensis (Cushman).

Cole, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 23, p. 274, pi. 54, figs. 1-4.

The description which follows is based on specimens 

of Pseudophragmina (P.) fiintensis from locality 140.

Test thin, fragile, compressed, with a small umbonal 

area which is surrounded by a thinner rim. Surface 

ornamentation consists of concentric circles of small, 

sharp papillae which are the same from the central 

area to the periphery of the test.

The embryonic chambers are bilocular. The initial 

chamber is circular with an internal diameter of about 

40 IJL. The second chamber has internal diameters of 

55 by 80 /* and very slightly embraces the initial 

chamber. The distance across both chambers is 95 /,. 

The embryonic chambers are completely surrounded 

by a ring having 11 periembryonic chambers.

The equatorial chambers near the center of the test 

are square, but they become radially elongated toward 

the periphery. Chambers near the periphery have 

radial diameters of about 100 ju. and tangential diameters

Measurements of vertical sections of Pseudophragmina flintensis

Thickness at center. ______

Thickness of flange near umbo___ 

Thickness of flange at periphery. 

Embryonic chambers:

Height___________________

Equatorial layer:

Lateral chambers: 

Number. _ _ ____ ____

Height. _____________ _

Thickness of roofs and floors. 

Surface diameter of pillars. _____

Specimen

1

3.8 mm____ _

0.7 mm____ _

0.52 mm_____

0.4 mm

0.2mm__ _..

65 /»__-_ —— _

35 M- --

4 fj. _ __

40 ft

40 /i_ —————

10__--^-_____

30-40/1-.——

5/1-.—————

10/*---------

30 M---------

2

3.4 mm 

0.96 mm 

0.46 mm 

0.32 mm 

0.18 mm

60 M 

40 n 

5n

30 M 

55 M

8

SM 

5-10 /* 

20 M

of about 40 IJL. The radial chamber walls are complete 

and in alinement. The annular stolon is at the distal 

end of the radial chamber walls.

The cavities of the lateral chambers are slitlike between thick roofs and floors. The lateral chambers 

are not in definite tiers.

Occurrence.—LOGS. 124, 140. Distribution elsewhere: 

Occurrence of .specimens which probably represent this 

species are given under the discussion.

Remarks.—As Vaughan (1945, pp. 88) clearly stated, 

there are five upper Eocene species of Pseudophragmina 

(Proporocyclind) which are closely related. These r,re 

P. (P.) flintensis (Cushman) from Florida, Cuba, and 

Panama; P. (P.) citrensis (Vaughan) (1928, p. If9) 

from Florida; P. (P.) mirandana (Hodson) (1926, p. 8) 

from Trinidad and Venezuela; P. (P.) tobleri Vaughan 

and Cole (1941, p. 62) from Trinidad; and P. (P.) 

blumenthali (Gorter and van der Vlerk) (1932, p. Ill) 

from Venezuela. Vaughan discussed these species in 

detail and gave a diagnostic key for their identificatic n. 

The differences among the species are slight.

Although there were not enough specimens from 

Panama to make a large suite of oriented thin sections, 

there is a suggestion that these species should be combined, with the possible exception of P. (P.) tobleri. 

Vaughan (1945, p. 89) indicated this idea also when 

he wrote, "It seems probable that P. (P.) citrensis is a 

small, perhaps immature, varietal form of P. flintensis, 

representing the umbonal part of the test of th^/t 

species. P. (P.) mirandana is similar except that it is 

nonumbonate." It is extremely doubtful that development of the umbo or lack of an umbo is a reliar^e 

character for distinguishing species.

Family MIOGYPSINIDAE

Genus MIOGYPSINA Sacco, 1893

Subgenus MIOGYPSINA Sacco, 1893

Miogypsina (Miogypsina) antillea (Cushman)

Plate 24, figure 17; plate 25, figures 13-15

1919. Heterosteginoides panamensis Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Bull. 103, p. 97, pi. 43, figs. 1, 2 [not figs. 3-8]. 

1919. Heterosteginoides antillea Cushman, Carnegie Inst. Washington Pub. 291, p. 5, pi. 5, figs. 5, 6. 

1924. Miogypsina cushmani Vaughan, Geol. Soc. America Bull.,

vol. 35, p. 813, pi. 36, figs. 4-6. 

1933. Miogypsina bramlettei Gravell, Smithsonian Misc. Coll.,

vol. 89, no. 11, pp. 32-34, pi. 6, figs. 5-10. 

1941. Miogypsina antillea (Cushman). Vaughan and CoT e,

Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 30, pp. 78, 79, pi. 45,

figs. 5-7. 

1941. Miogypsina cushmani Vaughan. Cole, Florida Geol.

Survey Bull. 19, pp. 47, 48, pi. 17, figs. 3-5.

Test small, with a length of 1.6 to 1.8 mm and a 

width of 1.3 to 1.5 mm. Its maximum thickness is 

from 0.7 to 0.8 mm. Its surf ace'is covered with small, 

slightly raised papillae.

The embryonic chambers are bilocular, the initial 

chamber is circular to subcircular, with internal c4-
36 EOCENE AND OLIGOCENE LARGER FORAMINIFERA IN THE CANAL ZONE

ameters of 100 by 110 /* in one specimen and 120 by 

140 fj, in another specimen. The second chamber is 

slightly reniform, with internal diameters of 100 by 

140 fj, in one specimen and 95 by 160 M in the other. 

There is a partial coil of rudely subquadrate periembryonic chambers which surrounds the embryonic 

chambers on the distal side. Six of these chambers 

appear in one specimen and 8 in the other.

The equatorial chambers are diamond shaped. 

Those near the distal margin have radial diameters of 

60 to 140 M and tangential diameters of 50 to 100 /*.

A well-oriented vertical section has embryonic 

chambers 200 M long and 100 /* high.

The equatorial layer has a height of 65 /t near the 

embryonic chambers and a height of 100 n at the distal 

margin of the test; these measurements include the 

thickness of the floors and roofs.

The lateral chambers occur in regular tiers between 

the pillars, but where pillars are not developed, the 

chambers overlap. In the thickest' portion of the 

test there are about 8 lateral chambers to a tier on 

each side of the equatorial layer. The lateral chambers 

have open cavities with a height of about 18 /t and the 

floors and roofs have thicknesses of about 10 p. Fine 

pillars with a surface diameter of about 60 ju are 

present.

Occurrence.—Locs. 37, 53. Distribution elsewhere: 

Upper Oligocene in Anguilla, Venezuela, and the 

Marathon well on Key Vaca, Florida.

Remarks.—Vaughan and Cole (1941, pi. 45, figs. 5-7)

figured three topotypes of this species. The vertical 

section which they illustrate is not centered and is 

comparable to the one of a Panamanian specirien given 

as figure 13, plate 25. These sections are almost identical. Also, the equatorial sections of the specimens 

from Anguilla and Panama are identical. _ No criteria are known for distinguishing this species 

from those from Venezuela which were named M. 

bramlettei by Gravell. Also, it is entirely probable that 

M. hawkinsi Hodson (1926, p. 28) should be combined 

with M. antillea. However, this problem requires 

more study than can be given at the present time.

Subgenus MIOLEPIDOCYCLINA A. Silvestri, 1907

Miogypsina (Miolepidocyclina) panamensis (Cusliman)

Plate 25, figures 1-8

1919. Heterosteginoides panamensis Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Bull. 103, p. 97, pi. 43, figs. 3-8 [not figs. 1, 2]. 

1924. Miogypsina panamensis (Cushman). Vaugtan, Geol.

Soc. America Bull.,* vol. 35, pp. 802, 803, S13, pi. 36,

fig. 7. 

1932. Miogypsina aff. panamensis (Cushman). Barker, Geol.

Mag., vol. 69, pp. 280, 281, pi. 16, fig. 7. 

1936. Miolepidocyclina ecuadorensis Tan, De Ing. in Ned.-

Indie, 4. Mijnb. en Geol., 3 Jaarg., p. 58. 

1941. Miogypsina (Miolepidocyclina) panamensis (Cushman).

Vaughan and Cole, Geol. Soc. America Siec. Paper

30, p. 78. 

1947. Heterosteginoides panamensis Cushman. Han?awa, Jour.

Paleontology, vol. 21, pp. 260-263, pi. 41, fm. 1-13.

The following tables give measurements of the internal features of Miogypsina (M.) panamensis.

Measurements of equatorial sections of Miogypsina (Miolepidocyclina) panamensis from locality 55

Width. __ _ ______________________________

Embryonic chambers: 

Diameters of initial chamber. __ _ ____

Diameters of second chamber

Distance across both chambers _ ___

Distance from periphery of test to edge 

of initial chamber. 

Number of coils made by periembryonic 

chambers. 

Number of periembryonic chambers __

Equatorial chambers: 

Radial diameter. _.

Tangential diameter _____

1.6 mm___

100 it......

70X120^..-

180 it......

0.28 mm __ 

l/8 _._.-_.__ 

ll.______._

100 ,.______

70 /*_______

105 M------

65X100 M—

185 it......

0.34 mm. _ 

!#___ ———— 

16... ______

70 /*_--____

50-80 M----

80X100 n..

70X100,*—

160 /*____..

0.3mm____

1}L— ... ... 

16__.______

90 M- -- -

70 /*___ — _

1.4 mm

80X90 it.—

40X90/.— -

140 M------

0.4 mm___ _ 

Itf—————— 

15_____-__-

120 M------

80 /*____ —

1.7 mm___

2.0 mm_ _ _

105X120/1..

55X100/B—

170 /*__ — _

0.4 mm_.__

1/2-— _____

17——— —

105 it......

90 /*__ — __

1.84 mm

2-0 mm

8^

6TX60AI

165 M

03 mm

IK 

15

100 M

7T M

Measurements of vertical sections of Miogypsina (Miolepidocyclina) panamensis from locality 55

Length-- _ __ _ _

Thickness, _

Embryonic chambers: 

Length. ____ __ _

Height.- __ _ _ _

Distance from proximal edge 

to edge of initial embryonic 

chamber. 

Equatorial layer: 

Height at proximal edge._____

Height at distal edge.

Lateral chambers: 

Number _ _ __ _____ _ ...

Length__. ______ ___________

Height____.__ .___ _ _ _- .

Thickness of floors and roofs_ _

1.3 mm

0.7 mm _ _ _

220 it......

105 it......

0.36 mm__- 

120 it......

140 /*______

5

60-100 M- - -

20-60 it....

20-40 it.... 

60 it.......

1.6 mm

180 M

140 fj.

0.4 mm

120 M

4

40-60 M

20-30 M

20 M 

40-60 M

Occurrence.—LOG. 55. Distribution elsewhere: Oligocene of Ecuador.

Remarks.—Two species referred to the subgenus 

Miolepidocyclina have been described from America, 

the species under discussion and M. (M.) mexicana 

Nuttall (1933, p. 175) from the'Alazan formation of 

Mexico. Several thin sections of the Mexican form 

are illustrated (pi. 25, figs. 9-12) for comparison with 

the Panamanian form.

It should be noted that the vertical sections of the 

two species are very similar (compare fig. 10 vdth fig. 1, 

pi. 25). However, the Mexican species normally has 

larger embryonic chambers and the coil of periembryonic chambers is somewhat different from the one 

developed in M. (M.) panamensis.
FAMILY MIOGYPSINIDAE 37

The embryonic apparatus of M. (M.) mexicana is 

similar to the one developed by the type species M. 

(M.) burdigalensis (Gumbel). Bronnimann (1940, pi. 

7, fig. 4) illustrated a specimen of the latter species 

whose embryonic apparatus is entirely comparable to 

the Mexican species.

Hanzawa (1947) has recently reinstated the generic 

name t Heterosteginoides. Although the embryonic 

chambers lie in a subcentral position in both Miolepidocyclina and Heterosteginoides, Hanzawa distinguished 

the two types by the development of the coil of periembryonic chambers. In Miolepidocydina this coil is 

incomplete, whereas in Heterosteginoides the coil is 

complete. As there seems to be complete gradation 

between the two types, the necessity for two separate 

genera is questioned. It would appear that the 

degree of the development of the periembryonic coil is 

a specific, if not, an individual characteristic.

Although M. (M.) panamensis and M. (M.) mexicana 

are related closely, for the present the two specific 

names are retained because it appears possible to distinguish the two species by the features of the embryonic apparatus. However, certain specimens (see pi. 

25, fig. 12) do not differ markedly in this feature from 

M. (M.) panamensis. More thin sections of M. (M.) 

mexicana are needed.

1932.

1928.

1940.

1938.

1941.

1944.

1945.

1949.

1934.

1945.

1929.

REFERENCES CITED

BARKER, R. W., Three species of larger Tertiary Foraminifera from S. W. Ecuador: Geol. Mag., vol. 69,

pp. 277-281, pi. 16, 1 text fig. 

BERRY, W., Asterodiscocyclina, a new subgenus of Orthophragmina: Ecologae geol. Helvetiae, vol. 21, pp. 405-

407, pi. 33. 

BRONNIMANN, P., Uber die tertiaren Orbitoididen und die

Miogypsiniden von Nordwest-Marokko: Schweizer.

palaeont. Gesell. Abh., vol. 63, pp. 1-107, pis. 1-7, 37

text figs. 

COLE, W. S., Stratigraphy and micropaleontology of two

deep wells in Florida: Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 16,

pp. 1-48, pis. 1-12, 3 figs. 

———— Stratigraphic and paleontologic studies of wells in

Florida: Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 19, pp. 1-91, pis.

1-18, 4 figs., 1 table.

Stratigraphic and paleontologic studies of wells

in Florida No. 3: Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 26, pp. 

1-168, pis. 1-29, 5 text figs.

Stratigraphic and paleontologic studies of wells in

Florida No. 4: Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 28, pp. 1-160, 

pis. 1-22, 8 figs.

Upper Eocene larger Foraminifera from the

Panama Canal Zone: Jour. Paleontology, vol. 23, pp.

267-275, pis. 52-55. 

COLE, W. S., and PONTON, G. M., New species of Fabularia,

Asterocydina and Lepidocyclina from the Florida Eocene:

Am. Midland Naturalist, vol. 15, pp. 138-147, 2 pis. 

COOKE, C. W., Geology of Florida: Florida Geol. Survey

Bull. 29, pp. 1-339, 1 pi., 47 figs. 

COOKE, C. W., and MOSSOM, S., Geology of Florida:

Florida Geol. Survey 20th Ann. Kept., pp. 29-228,

pis. 1-29.

1943. COOKE, C. W., GARDNER, J., and WOODRING, W. P., 

Correlation of the Cenozoic formations of the Atlantic 

and Gulf Coastal plain and the Caribbean region: 

Geol. Soc. America Bull., vol. 55, pp. 1713-172," 1 

chart.

1937. CORYELL, H. N., and EMBICH, J. R., The Tranquilla shale 

(upper Eocene) of Panama and its foraminiferal farua: 

Jour. Paleontology, vol. 11, pp. 289-305, pis. 41-4^, 1 

text fig.

1919a. CUSHMAN, J. A., The larger fossil Foraminifera of the 

Panama Canal Zone: U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, pp. 

89-102, pis. 34-45.

1919b. ———— Fossil Foraminifera from the West Indies: Carnegie Inst. Washington Pub. 291, pp. 21-71, pis. 1-15, 

8 text figs. W * 

1920. — The American species of Orthophragmina and

Lepidocyclina: U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 125—D, 

pp. 39-108, pis. 7-35, 3 text figs.

1924. DOUVILLE, H., Revision des Lepidocyclines: Soc. Ge"ol. 

France Me"m. 2, n. s., vol. 1, pp. 1-49, pis. 5, 6, 47 text 

figs.

1944. ELLISOR, A. C., Anahuac formation: Am. Assoc. Petroleum 

Geologists Bull., vol. 28, pp. 1355-1375, 7 pis., 2 fig^.

1932. GORTER, N. E., and VAN DER VLERK, I. M., Larger Foraminifera from central Falcon, Venezuela: Leidsche G^ol. 

Meded., vol. 4, pp. 94-122, pis. 11-17, 2 tables.

1933. GRAVELL, D. W., Tertiary larger Foraminifera of Venezuela: Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 89, no. 11, pp. 

1-44, pis. 1-6.

1937. GRAVELL, D. W., and HANNA, M. A., The Lepidocyclina 

texana horizon in the Heterostegina zone, upper Oligocene of Texas and Louisiana: Jour. Paleontology, vol. 

11, pp. 517-529, pis. 60-65, 1 fig.

1938. ———— Subsurface Tertiary zones of correlation through

Mississippi, Alabama and Florida: Am. Assoc. Pe+ roleum Geologists Bull., vol. 22, pp. 984-1013, 7 pis.,

5 figs.

1947. HANZAWA, S., Reinstatement of the genus Heterosteginoides and the classification of the Miogypsinidae: Jour.

Paleontology, vol. 21, pp. 260-263, pi. 41. 

1926. HODSON, H., Foraminifera from Venezuela and Trinidad:

Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 12, no. 47, pp. 1-46, pis.

1-8. 

1950. JONES, S. M., Geology of Gatun Lake and vicicity,

Panama: Geol. Soc. America Bull., vol. 61, pp. f93-

922, 2 figs., 2 pis. 

1904. LEMOINE, P., and DOUVILLE, R., Sur le genre Lepidocyclina

Giimbel: Soc. G<§ol. France Me"m. 32, vol. 12, pp. 1-42,

pis. 1-3. 

1944. MACNEIL, F. S., Oligocene stratigraphy of southeastern

United States: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bill.,

vol. 28, pp. 1313-1354, 1 fig. 

1933. NUTTALL, W. L. F., Two species of Miogypsina from the

Oligocene of Mexico: Jour. Paleontology, vol. 7, pp.

175-177, pi. 24. 

1935. RUTTEN, M. G., Larger Foraminifera of northern Santa

Clara Province, Cuba: Jour. Paleontology, vol. 9, pp.

527-545, pis. 59-62, 4 figs. 

1937. THIADENS, A. A., Cretaceous and Tertiary Foraminifera

from southern Santa Clara Province, Cuba: Jour.

Paleontology, vol. 11, pp. 91-109, pis. 15-19, 3 text figs. 

1935. VAN DE GEYN, W. A. E., and VAN DER VLERK, I. M., A

monograph on the Orbitoididae occurring in the Tertiary of America: Leidsche Geol. Meded., vol. 7, pp.

221-272, 9 pis.
38 EOCENE AND OLIGOCENE LARGER FORAMINIFERA IN THE CANAL ZONE

1923.

1924.

1926.

1927.

1928.

1929.

1933.

VAUGHAN, T. W., Studies of the larger Tertiary Foraminifera from tropical and subtropical America: Nat.

Acad. Sci. Proc., vol. 9, pp. 253-257. 

———— American and European Tertiary larger Foraminifera: Geol. Soc. America Bull., vol. 35, pp. 785-822,

pis. 30-36, 6 text figs.

The stratigraphic horizon of the beds containing

Lepidocyclina chaperi on Haut Chagres, Panama: Nat. 

Acad. Sci. Proc., vol. 12, pp. 519-522.

Larger Foraminifera of the genus Lepidocyclina

related to Lepidocyclina mantelli: U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., 

vol. 71, no. 2680, pp. 1-5, pis. 1-4.

New species of Operculina and Discocyclina from

the Ocala limestone: Florida Geol. Survey 19th Ann. 

Rept., pp. 155-165, pis. 1, 2.

Additional new species of Tertiary larger Foraminifera from Jamaica: Jour. Paleontology, vol. 3, pp. 

373-382, pis. 40, 41.

Studies of American species of Foraminifera of the

genus Lepidocyclina: Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 89, 

no. 10, pp. 1-53, pis. 1-32.

1936. VAUQHAN, T. W., Helicolepidina nortoni, a new species of 

Foraminifera from a deep well in St. Landry Parish, 

Louisiana: Jour. Paleonotology, vol. 10, pp. 248-252, 

pis. 39, 40.

1945. ———— American Paleocene and Eocene larger Foraminifera: Geol. Soc. America Mem. 9, pp. 1-175, pis. 1-46, 

11 figs.

1936. VAUGHAN, T. W., and COLE, W. S., New Tertiarj Foraminifera of genera Operculina and Operculinoides from 

North America and the West Indies: U. S. Nat. Mus. 

Proc., vol. 83, no. 2996, pp. 487-496, pis. 35-?"*.

1941. ———— Preliminary report on the Cretaceous and Tertiary larger Foraminifera of Trinidad, Britfsh West 

Indies: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 30, pr>. 1-137, 

pis. 1-46, 2 figs.

1927. WOODBING, W. P., Marine Eocene deposits on the east 

slope of the Venezuelan Andes: Am. Assoc. F^troleum 

Geologists Bull., vol. 11, pp. 992-996.

1949. WOODBING, W. P., and THOMPSON, T. F., Tertiary formations of Panama Canal Zone and adjoining parts of 

Panama: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists F ill., vol. 

33, pp. 223-247, 2 figs.
INDEX

[Italic numbers indicate descriptions]

Acknowledgments._____--.._---______._______________ 1 

americcma, Orbttolites........... .__._______________________ 2

'americanus, Dtdyoconus.--.........-._____________________ 5,14

Amphisteginidae...__.---___________.._____.____.. 14 

antittea, Heterostegina............ .____________________ 6,7, JJ, 18,pi. 5

Heterosteginaides.... —..............................______.____ 35

Miogypsina (Miogypsina)...................................... 2,7,85,pis. 24,25

Asterocydina.._...-...-----...----....................................... 31,32,33

gamboaensis.................________.__________.__.__ 3

georgiana....................... .__._____________._____ Si.pl. 27

kugleri................................................................. 32,33,35

mariannensis............._-----___—_.....___..._ 4,5,8J,pls. 27,28

minima......................... .________________.. 2,4, S2, pis. 26,28

monticellensis.........__.-.____.._________________ 32,34

rutteni.............................................................. 33,35,pi. 26

sculpturata...................................................... 33,34,36, pi. 26

stewarti...........................................................____ 35

vermunti.................................................................. 35

Asterocydina), Diseocydina.................................................. 32

kugleri, Diseocydina...................................................... 32

mariannensis, Diseocydina................................................ 31

rutteni, Diseocydina...................................................... 32

sculpturata, Diseocydina..................,........................._... 32

vermunti, Diseocydina................................................. ... 32,33

Anteriorities georgiana......................................................... 3,4

a&terodisca, Lepidocydina (Lepidocydina).......^.........._.-..--..— 7,17, pi. 17

Asterodiscocydina............................................................. 32

stewarti................................................................... 32

(Asterodiscocydina) stewarti, Diseocydina-..................................... 32

B 

Numenthali, Pseudophragmina (Proporocydina)............................... 35

Bohio formation, Foraminifera from-__._____.______..._____ 6 

bramlettei,Miogypsina........................................................ 35,36

burdigalensis, Miogypsina (Miolepidocydina)...__...__.——__......_ 37

C 

Camerina.................................................................... 8,9,10

jacksonensis............................................................... 9

moodybranchensis ..._._.-...________.__.......___... 10

petri.

striatoreticulata .................................................... 4,5,8, pi. 3

Camerinidae---.-___--__--.__-._______._____..-__ 8 

Caimito formation, Foraminifera from.—...__________•___.__.. 7 

Caimito formation, fossil collecting localities__ -__ - ___—_______ 6-7 

candid, Lepidocydina (Lepidocydina)........................... 1,2,7, 18, pis. 16,17

yurnagunensis, Lepidocydina..................................———__ 22

chaperi. Lepidccydina (Nephrolepidina)............. 1,2,3,4, SS, 24,30,pis. 8-12,20,23

dtrensis, Pseudophragmina (Croporocyclina)_______________... 35, pi. 28 

cubensis, Eodidyoconus........................................................ 14

Fabiania..........______.________..______.__... 4,5,/^.pl. 6

Lepidocydina (Nephrolepidina) fragilis.................................... 27

Pseiidorbitolina........................................................... 14

curasavica, Lepidocydina--.................................................... n

eushmani, Miogypsina..-.-.-................................................. 2,35

Cymbaloporidae___-__--_._.-.-..-.__-.-.__--------_......... 14

D 

dartoni, Lepidocydina (Nephrolepidina).................................. "t,27, pi. 19

davidensis, Nummulites-...................................................... 2

decorata, Lepidocydina (Nephrolepidina)....................................... 3

Didyoconus americanus...—.........- — .. — .__——---.———————„._ 5,14

puttboreauensis......----------------- —._- ———...- ——— ---.----.... 5

Diseocydina....................____.__.______...._____...._ 3,33

(Asterocydina)............................................................ 32

kugleri................................................................ 32

mariannensis......................................................... 31

rutteni................................................................ 32

sculpturata............................................................ 32

vermunti.............................................................. 32,33

(Asterodiseocydina) stewarti............................................... 32

(Diseocydina)..-........... ___..____________--.___.___ 32

minima............................................................. 32,33,34

(Diseocydina) minima, Diseocydina........................................ 32,33,34

Discocyclinidae.__-.-.___.___-._____._i____.____.___ 31 

dius, Operculinoides........................................................... 6

duplicata, Lepidocydina..................................———.———.—.. 2,17

MuUicydina..................._...._____.________.____ 2

E

ecuadorensts, Miolepidocydina.-... ... . ............ ....... ... .... ....... ... .... 36

Eodidyoconus cubensis.. ... .... ..... ... ....... . ... ....... ... ...... .... ...... .. 14

Eulepidina— ................................................................ 6.7,30

(Eulepidina) favosa, Lepidocydina..... ........ .............. .......... ... 6, 30, pi. 22

Lepidocydina. ...... ............... ........... .. ... ....... .... ....... ... .. 6

undosa, Lepidocydina-......-.. ..... ....... ..... . ........ .. ....... 7,18, SO, pi. 22

F 

J'oWanto-.-.------------ ------------------------------------------------------ 5, 14

cubensis.. ............. . ...... .. ...... ....... ... .. .... . ... .......... 4,5,14, pi- 6

falconensis, Leptdocydina (Lepidocydina).... ... .. .... .. ... . ..... ... ... .. ...... 17

famua, Lepidocydina (EulepUina). .............. ... ..................... 6, 30, pi. 22

flintensis, Orthophragmina....- ... ... ...... .... ... .... ... ....... ....... ... ... .. 35

Pseudophragmina (Proporocydina).. ............. ... .... ............. 4, S5.pl. 28

floridana, Ounteria ——— .-. ——— ------ —— ———— —— —— .-- —— ——— .. 14

floridensis, Nummulites. ... .............. —.. .. ... .. .... .. ...... . ... . .... . ... 9

Operculinoides. . .... . ...... — ...... ..... .......... ... .... ...... ........... 4,9

Foraminifera, from Bohio formation..--.---. — . — .... ——— . — .-. — ——— 6

from Caimito formation..-----.-- —— — . _ — ..-_-- — --.- —————— 7

from Gatuncillo formation.--. ------ — -------_--..----.--- — ------------ 4

from Trinidad Island.— . ———— ..... ——— _ ——— ... ———— .. ———— 5

forresti, Lepidocydina (Lepidocydina)... .—.. ... .... . ..... ... ..... ......... 21, pi. 18

Fossil collecting localities, Bohio formation.,. ___ . __ . ____ ... _ —— 6 

Caimito formation— -------- — -- — - —— .--- — ------- — ... — ———— 6-7

Qatuncillo formation. -....-- — .... ——— . ———————————— — — 4

Trinidad Island.... — .... — ....—.--....-..--....--.-..---—---.--.- 5

ragUii cubensis, Lepidocydina (Nephrolepidina). .... — — .................. .... 23,27

Lepidocydina (Nephrolepidina)........—......-....—... 23, 25, 27, 30, pis. 9,23

Q

gamboaensis, Asterocydina.......... .... ........ ...... .... .... ...... ...... .... 3

Qatuncillo formation, Foraminifera from. —— — ———— -..-. — -. — ------ 4

Qatuncillo formation, fossil collecting localities. _ — —— ----------------- .__ 4

georgiana, Asteriacitiei.. .................................. . ————— — .-.-.. 3,4

Asterocydina........ .............................................. 3,4,87, pi. 27

Orthophragmina ... ........ .......... . ................. . ... ........... ..... 31

gigas, Lepidocydina.- ----- - ......... . ......... . ............... ... ... .... 6, SO, pi. 22

glabra, Heteroslegina ocalana. . ... ----- -- —— ..-.-.- —— — - — -..-.__- ——— 3, 13

granosa, Lepioocydintt (Nephrolepidina) iemmesi . ... .... . —~ ..... ... ... ----- 23, 27

gubernacula, Lepidocydina (Pliolepidtna).... .................. 4, 16, pis. 8,9,12,20,23

Ounteria floridana. ...... ....................... ... ... ... ...................... 14

haddingtonensis, Lepidocydina (Nephrolepidina).....- ... . — .. ................ 23,27

hatukinsi, Miogypsina.. ------------------- — --_.----_.--------- — --_..---.--' 36

hayesi, Orthophragmina ... ....... .... ................... ....... ----- — - —— --- 16,17

He«cofepWfoa-.~-~~- ----------------------------------------------------- 30

worttmf...- —— --.- — —— —— .--- — --- — - — — — — — --- —— -- 30, pi. 24

spirals..--- ------------------------------- ----------- 4, 27, 30, pis. 20,24

Helicolepidlnae.. — - ——— — - — ——— ———— — — --- — — — 30

---------------------- ———— ---- ——— . — ..... ————— 14

- .— —— — --— —— — --- — - — — — ———— 4,l4,pL6

------------------------------- ------- 6,7,11,17,18

antiUea.. ------------------------ —.. — -. — . — ————— 6, 7, 11, 18, pi. 5

««ra«feA:^- -------------------------------------------- 7, ^, 18, pis. 1, 4-6

ocaiono------------ ------------------- —— --------- — ......- — .. — 4,/S, pl.4

ocalana glabra. ........................... ... . ... . ... . —- . — .. .... ........ 3,13

---- -------------------------------- — - —— ---- — ---- 7, 14, pi. 5

texana. _-.-_ — -...-----..--..-..--.-----,-..- — _----..- — --_ — — - 12

— 37

-- 35

2,35,36

I-J

Isolepidinapustulosa ..-.- ------------------------ ——— - — - — ... ----------- 16

israelskyi, Heterostegina--—- -------------------------------- 7, IS, 18, pis. 1, 4-6

jacksonensis, CoTreerino-.-- ------------------------------ — — --——- — — — — — 9

Operczrffnojdes.--- ------------------------------------------------ 4,5,9,pb. 1,3

jamaicensis, roheriweZZo------- ------------------------------------ 4, 5,8, pi. 6

K

kugleri, Asterocychna.— —.-. — -—- — . —————— — — — -— 32,33,35

Diseocydina (Atteroeydina) ... ............ .- — . . ... ... —— - — — — - ——— 32

OperatZtnowfeS-------- -------- ------------------------ 6, 9, II, pi. 3

39
40 INDEX

canelleiyurnagunensis.

lehneri, Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) .... - — - — — -- — --_-- — -_ — -- — - — - — --- 29

-------------- ---------------------- 2,3,15,17,18,21

---------------------------------------------- 22

CMrasa»ica_— -------------------------------------------------------------- 17

duplicata.-..--- ... .___-_--_- __ _.__-_- — _ — --__. — _ — .-.__ — — -_...— 2,17

(Ei^pMma)..--- --------------------------------------------------------- 6

favosa.. ---------------------------------------------------------- 6, SO, pi. 22

undosa. --------- __ - _ - — -. — - — — - — — ---..-- — — — -„-- 7, 18, 30, pl.'22

ffigas-. -------------------------------------------------------------- 6,30, pi. 22

(Lepidocyclina) asterodisca.... -------------------------------------- 7, 17, pi. 17

comelki---. ------------------------------------------- 1,2,7, IS, pis. 16, 17

/aZconeBSt*-- — — — - — — — ------- ------- -------------- —--- — -—— — 17

/brres/j. ----------------------------------------------------------- 21, pi. 18

macdon aldi ........................................................... 2, 16

mantelli..... _ .„.„..-„. _ ...._..„._._„.___...___..__ __ 6, 21, pi. 18

meinzeri...... ..... ------ — ----------- __ .--.,.---...--- _ — .__... 16

miraflorensis—- __ -. __ — - ____ __ - _ --------- __ __ 2, 20, 21, pi. 18

montgomeriensis ... —— .--. — -. __ ----- —— _.—---,. 4, 20, pis. 15, 20, 23

noritasensis-.- ........... . ———— -..- — .-- — .. — ------ — — ... — 16

pancanalis ............... . ______ . ______ . ________ 18,19,20

parvida ... _ _ _ - __ -._-. _____ ... _ .-.. ____ .. 6, 7, 18, 20, pi. 15 

subraulinii-. .... . ..... .. ..... ......... ———— __ . _ ........ 23, 27, pi. 23

supea-— . ..- ---.. . ..... . --... ........ .. _ ... ________ .. 6, 7, 21, pi. 18

terana.-.. ...... ——— ..- —— . — _ ----..---.----. _ — _-----.-..-. 17

tschoppi—. .--..—.—. . ............... . ..--.... .—-—.- --------- 23, 27, pi. 8

waylandvaughani... .... . ..... . ....... ........ .... ........ .. 2, 6, 7, HO, pi. 18

yurnagunensis. ...........— ... — . ——————— .... 6, 7, 18, 22, pis. 15, 17, 20

yurnagunensis morganopsis..... ..... ................ .... . 6, 7, 25, pis. 15, 23

(Nephrolfptdina) ckaperi- ... — — __ ------ 1, 2, 3, 4, 2S, 24, 30, pis. 8-12, 20, 23

dartoni, _ -- —— ... —— --- — .-.- _ ------ — .__- — _ — — _ .. _ 7, 27, pi. 19

decorata, _ -- —— _ ------ — —__—-__.__-— — ...-. _______ ... _ 3

fragilit— ..................... ...... ....... ... ....... 23, 25, 27, 30, pis, 9, 23

fragilis cubensis... ............ . —— .. — -._ —— ..--- _ ._. _ — ___ 23,27

haddingtonensis.... ... ... ..-.. .......... ... ......— __ ... _ . ___ .. 23,27

lehneri .......... ..-.. . ........ . ....... .... ..... .... . ... ... ...... ...... 29

sanfernandensis.... ... ........ ....... ... ... ... .. ....... ... ... ...... 24, 25,27

sanfernandensis tallahasseensis... .... .. ... ...'..... ....... 24, 25, 27, pis. 9, 10

semme^......... ........... ... .......................... 23, 25, 26, 27, pi. 12

semmesi granosa.. .............. — —————— ---... _ — _ -.. ___ 23,27

tantoyucensis-.-- ..... .... . ... .. ... ............ .... .... __ .... _ 23,26,27

tempanii. ... .. .............. . _______ . _______ . __ 18, 28, 29, pi. 19

tournoueri- ..... ... ... ... ..... .. ........... . .... ... ... .... ... ... 7, $8, pi. 19

vaughani— .... . ..... . ....... .... ... ... .... .. ...... 2, 6, 7, 20, pis. 18, 20, 21

verbeeki... ...... ...... ............ .. ...... ............. ... ...... ..... . 30

ocalanapseudocarinata.... ........ . ..... . ... ........ ........ .. ... ... ..... - 16

pancanalis.. .... . .......... .... ... ......'.. ........... .... .. .... .... 6, pis. 16, 17

panamensis. .... -.-. _ —— . —— . __ .-_ _ __ - __ ___ - __ --_ _ .. 2,17

parvula. ............ ... ........... .... ... ... ... ..... _____________ 20

perstmilis--. ..... ... ... ...... ..... ...... ... . ...... .... ...... ..... ......... 27

perundosa.-— ... ...... ... .............. ........... ......... _..... _ _ .. 23,27

(Pliolepidina') gubernacula.... ... .................... ... 4, 15, pis. 8, 9, 12, 20, 23

macdonaldi..— ... _ ____ — ..... ______ __, _ 2, 4, 5, 18, pis. 7, 8, 14, 20

pustulosa. ... ____ ... _ . ____ ...-_ _____ 2, 4, 5, 16, pis. 13-15, 20, 23

pustulttSatobleri....- ... ...... ... . .... . ... ......... .... . 2,4,5,17, pis. 13-15

subglobosa ... .................._... .... .... .. ... ..... ............ .... .. 16,17

tobleri...... .................... _ —.——..—.-.-....-..— ........ 17

(Polylepidina) mirandana. ....... -.... __ --...... __ . _______ _ _. 17

proteiformis . . .... .. .......... ..... ....... . ....... ..... ....... ...... .. 17

zuliana... ... ... .... ————— ______ ._. ___ __ . _ .... __ .. 17

subraulinii- ..... .....-- —— ...- _____ .... _____ , _______ 23, 27, pi. 23

undosa ... __. —— .. — _ — — _, —— __ _ ....... _ ... __ ______ ...... 6,30

vaughani—.. —— — ._._ —————— ___ .... __ ___ ___ ... _ . _ 2.7,20,21

(Lepidocyclina} asterodisca, Lepidocyclina- ............................. __ 7, 17, pi. 17

falconensis, Lepidocyclina--.. ..... ...... ..... ...... .. _ ___ ___ . __ 17

forresti, Lepidocyclina .... .. .... .... .. ...... . ... . ..... ...... ...... .... .. 21, pi. 18

mantelli, Lepidocyclina ... .. _.-. _ .___..-._- _ _ ................... 6, 21, pi. 18

meinzeri, Lepidocyclina ..... .-_._ _ ............................. f ......... 16

miranorensis, Lepidocyclina--.---. .......................... ..... 2, 20, 21, pi. 18

montgomeriensis, Lepidocyclina- ... — ..... __ . _ .... __ ... 4, 20, pis. 15, 20, 23

macdonatdi, Lepidocyclina ... ._.. _ .. _ ...... .......... _ . _ __ __ . 16

novita$ensis, Lepidocyclina. .... . ......... . ............ .. __ . __ . ___ 16

pancanalis, Lepidocyclina... ............ ... ___ .... ___ ...... __ 18, 19,20

parvula, Lepidocyclina... ..... ___ . _ . _______ . _____ 6, 7,18, 20, pi. 15

subraulinii, Lepidocyclina---. __ ___ _ J_. ......... .. _.__ . ........ ... __ 27

supera, Lepidocyclina.. ... .. .... ... ..... . ... _ _ __ ........ ___ . 6, 7, 21, pi. 18

texana, Lepidocyclina __ .. __ _ ...... __ _ . ....... __ ...... _ ...__ 17

tschoppi, Lepidocyclina ... ... ... ... _ . __ . _ .......... _ ___ .. 23, 27, pi. 8

waylandvaughani, Lepidocyclina ... ...... . ... ......... .... ... ... .. 2, 6, 7,20, pi. 18

yurnagunensis, Lepidocyclina-.—... .......... ... .... '. .... 6, 7, 18, 22, pls;-15, 17, 20

yurnagunensis morganopsis, Lepidocyclina ...... . _____ . __ 6, 7, 23, pis. 15, 23

Lepidocyclinae.... ______ . ____ . ______ . ___ . __ .. ____ 15

Lituolidae — ..--. ___ ..._ _ -__-—. ..___. _ ............ _ . ... _ .. . 8

M

macdonaldi, Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina} ..................................... 16

(Pliolepidina)..— —------ — .-- ——---------. 2, 4, 5, 16, p's. 7, 8, 14, 20

mantelli, Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) ........... ... .... — -------------- 6, 21, pi. 18

mariannensis,Asterocyclina-. ------ ... ........... ...... - ... -------- 4, 5, 31, pis. 27, 28

Discocyclina (Asterocyclina) ................... ... —— _.-_-----__ —— . — .. 31

Orthophragmina .... ————— _.--._-_-- — ...- — ———..----,----. — . —— 31

papillata, Orthophragmina .— ... ... ... ....--. ... --.-- — ------- — --.--- — . 31

meinzeri, Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina).-- ... --------- — ....... — — ......... 16

mexicana, Miogypsina (Miolepidocyclina) .— --------- — ... — ................. 36,37

minima, Asterocyclina ... _ ... — - —— --------- . — ..------.---.-. 2, 4, 32, pis. 26, 28

Discocyclina (Discocyctina)---. ... ______ — — — — .... —— _----.____- 32,33,34

Orthophragmina— .... ----- — - —— - — ... - — ---- —— - ————— - ——— 2,32,33

Miogypsina .... .. — .-.. — ----------- — —— ... —— .- — ---------------- —— 6, 7

--------------------------------------------- -------- 35,36

----------------- — — - —— --- —— --- — ----------- — - 2,35

Aaw/cJTisi— ------------------------------------------ — — ___---- — — ... 36

(Miogypsina).---------.-.---- — ----------------------------------- —— .. 35

aritiZ/ea_ -------------------------------------------------- 2, 1, 35, pis. 24, 25

------------------------------------------------------- 36,37

- ----------------------------------------------------- 37

mexicana. ..... _ — ....- — — — . — — - ——— - —— - ————— -.. ———— 36,37

panamensis _____ .. —— _— — .. — ————— — —— ----- 2, 6, 7, 30, 40, pi. 25

(Miogypsina) antiJlea, Miogypsina.— . ... ———— _. —— ..... — .. — 2, 7, 35, pis. 24, 25

Mibgypsinid ie ........ — — - — .. — —— ----- ------- -------------- ————— 35

Miolepidocyclina ecuadorensis. ...... ------------- — --__-___—______.. ————— 36

(Miolepidoci/clina) burdigalensis, Miogypsina.-- ...... .... ... ... ... .... ........ 37

mexicana, Miogypsina .... .. —— ---------- — .. — _ — — -_ — -_,.-_- ————— 36,37

Miogypsina..... ...... ... ... .. ... .... ... ... —— . — ___-. ——_.-- —— —— 36,37

panamensis, Miogypsina- .............. . ..... .... „.. . ———— 2, 6, 7, 30, 36, pi. 25

miraflorensis, Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) — .... . — . . .......... —— - 2, 20, 21, pi. 18

mirandana, Lepidocyclina (Polylepidina) ..--. ...—..... . ————— — -_.. —— " 17

Pseudophragmina (Proporocyclina) ._ - ——————— . — —— ... —————— 35, pi. 28 

montffomeriensis, Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina)-.--- .... .... — .-„ 4, 20, pis. 15,20,23

moodybranchensis, Camerina... ... -__-..._.------___-_---------------.-_.----.. 10

Operculinoides- .... . ______ ... __ — --------- —— - ._ ————— 4, 9, 10, pi. 1

monticellensis, Asterocyclina ..... - ... . —— - — .------_—-.-.---- — - —— _ —— 32, 34

morganopsis, Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) yurnagunensis—. ... ... 6, 7, 23, pis. 15, 23

^fulticycHna du-plicata. ........... ... ..... ——— —— ————— --------- —— .. 2

Nephrolepidina.-- ... ..................... ........... .................. 20,21, 23,27

(Nephrolepidina) chaperi, LepidocycJina.......... 1, 2, 3, 4, US, 24, 30, pie. 8-12, 20, 23

dartoni, Lepidocyclina .... . ... .............. —. .... ... ... .. ... .. ... . 7, 27, pi. 1ft

decorata, Lepidocyclina- ... ... .... -... —— — .-.. — .-. —— ---------- — .. 3

fragilis, Lepidocyclina. ... ...................—.......... 23, 25, 27, 30, pis. 9, 23

haddingtonensis, Lepidocyclina-. .... ... ... ............... ..... ... ... ...... 23, 27

lehneri, Lepidocyclina.... ..... ----------- ... .. ... — — .... —— . —— _. — 29

sanfernandensis, Lepidocyclina-..--.--- — ....... — .. —— .... ———— ... 24, 25, 27

tailahasseensis, Lepidocyclina -------- ... . — ._ ————— 24, 25, 27, pis. 9, 10

semmesi, Lepidocyclina—. ..........-..—— ................ 23,25,26,27, pi. 12

granosa, Lepidocyclina-. .... .. ... .. ....... .... .. .......... . ..... ...... 23, 27

tantoyucensis Lepidocyclina. ....... . . — ....— . ... . ........ .. ....... — .. 23,26,27

tempanii, Lepidocyclina... ....... ... __ —— „—.-. — ..——.—— 18, 28, 29, pi. 19

tournoueri, Lepidocyclina. ... ...... — - — —— ——— — - ———— ------- 7, 28, pi. 19

vaughani, Lepidocyclina... .............................. 2, 6, 7, 29, pis. 18, 20, 21

verbeeki, Lepidocyclina ..... . ... ...... ..... .......... ... ............ .... .... 30

nortoni, Heticolepidina ..—.. .... —— — ————— ————— ————— - — — 30, pi. 24

novitasensis, Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) ... - —————— ——— —— —— —— - 16

Nummulites panamensis .... - —— — ———— —— ———————— — — - — — —— 2, 10

davidensis .... ..... ... .. ...... ........ ... ..... ............... ............. 2

floridensis ... . .... .. .... ........ ........ . ............... ........... ... .... 9

striatoreticulatus- .... ......-..-----.......-..-.--..-........-....—. ... .... S

O

ocalana glabra, Heterostegina. ....- ..... ... ... ————— .--... — .-. —— ——— , 3, 13

Hcterostegina— ...... ................................ ... ............. 4, IS, pi. 4

Operculina ......... .. ....... ...... .... ......... .... ————— — .... —— ... 3

pseudocarinata Lepidocyclina..—.-- ...... ... ..... ....... ... —————— .— 16

ocalamis, Operculinoides ...... ... ..... . ... . ....... .. .......... ... ... ... .. 2,4, 10,pl. 2

Operculina. .... ....... .... ..... ... . — . —————————— —— - —— -- — ....... 3

ocalana.... .......... .... ..... ...... ...... ... ............ ....... ... ....... 3,10

trinitatensis.- ... .......... ... ..... ——————— ————————— - ——— .... 11

vaughani— — —— —— — -- — — ———— — - —————— - —— —— „ -.— . 11

Operculinoides _____ ——— ———— — - ——————— - ——————— ... —— — 9, 10, 18 

dius. ...... .............. ----- -.——.——-—-— —— --------------- —— 6

•floridensis —.... ... ————— ————— —— — - —— —— —— — -- —— ——— - 4, 9

jacksonensis- .... ..... ... .................... ....—— ...——.... 4,5, 9, pis. 1,3

kugleri— ................................... ....... ............... 5, 9, 11, pi. 3

moodybranchensis ... ... .... ......... . ... ... ..... ... .... ........ .... 4, 9, 10, pi. 1

ocalanus ................... ... ........ .. .... ... ... ... ... .... ....... 2, 4, 10, pi. 2

panamensis ......... ....... ... .. ..... ... ..,. . .... ... .... ...... . ... 2, 7, 10, pi. 2

trinitatensis ... ......... ... -... .. ..... . ... ... . ..... ...... ... .... ... 5, if, pis. 2, 3

vaughani —..... ...... ..... .. ... ... ... .. .... ------.......... ..... . ... . 4, 11, pi. 2

vicksburgensis ... .... ..... .... ... ..... ....... . ... ... ... ... .--.... ...... ... li
INDEX 41

Operculinoides—Continued 

wttcoxi.... .--- ——— ---.

Orbitoididae-———.-. —.

Orbitolites americana __--._.-

Orthophragmina...—.- ..-. 

flintensis...... ___-_--...

georgiana-.... __.__-_-._

hayesi.

...... ............................................. 10

...- — „........................................... 15

.. — — — — — —— — . — — — — .„.. ——— .--_. 2

...... .....-...............-........- — .-....-..-.......... 2

— ——— __-_ — — .- — .._.. ........................ ....... 35

.-_-- — — -___-._._.______, — -_-________________.___..__ 31

.. — ...-.- — .. — ....-..... — .-......-......-. . — ..... 16,17

mariannensis--.-...........................................___...__ 31

papillata... - — ......- ————.____—....--—_-____—.___.. 31

minima________——-..—-...„._.... —— ____ ._____..... 2,32,33

sculptu'rata.-------------....------------------ — -... ——. — _-_-_ ...... 32

pancanalis, Lepidocydina......................................-------- 6, pis. 16,17

(Lepidocydina)-........................ ..____________._ 18,19,20

panamensis, Heterostegina-............................................... 7,14, pi. 5

Heterosteginoides-.........._-_._--.-.-_............_.............. 2,35,36

Lepidocydina. —................. ................ ——— —......—..__.. 2,17

Afiogypsina (Miolepidocydina).......... ...................... 2,6, 7, 30, 36, pi. 25

Nummutites.----------------...----.-----.---.. — -__- — ---------------- 2,10

Operculinoides..--..-.....-..-....-........------....---..-......... 2,7,10,pi. 2

papillata, Orthophragmina mariannensis.--------....-___--------__________ 31

parvula, Lepidocydina (Lepidocydina)-.........-...-..-----..........6,7, 18,00, pi. 15

persimitis, Lepidocydina............................. ....... ..————_._._... 27

perundosa, Lepidocydina... .._-—----___--__------_-__.-___._.___.. 23,27

petri, Camerina..-------------------- ... - — ....—... —.-. —._-_-_--------_. 8

pustulosa tobleri, Lepidocydina (Pliolepidina)..-.-.-.-..\--...... 2,4,5, 17, pis. 13-15

Pliolepidina..—............................................................. 15

tobleri..-. —............................................................. 17

(Pliolepidina) gubernacula, Lepidocydina... ..... —.- — „.... 4, 15, pis. 8,9,12,20,23

macdonaldi, Lepidocydina____.-........---.-----.-... 2,4, 5, 16, pis. 7,8,14,20

pustulosa, Lepidocydina..-..-................--------- 2,4,5, 16, pis. 13-15,20,23

tobteri, Lepidocydina.... _ — -.---......----.---...--.—— 2,4, 5, /7, pis. 13-15

subglobosa, Lepidocydina-.- —— ---------- — _-___-___. — — _. —— ________ 16

tobleri, Lepidocydina...........-.............'.-....--..................... 17

(Polylepidina) mirandana, Lepidocydina-.----.-.............................. 17

proteiformis, Lepidocydina................................................ 17

zuliana, Lepidocydina-......................-.-.—.-.-.................. 17

(Proporocydina) blumenthali, Pseudophragmina -............................ . 35

ciirensis, Pseudophragmina ............................................ 35,pi.28

flintensis, Pseudophragmina...... ...........-.._____._. ___ 4,35, pi. 28

mirandana, Pseudophragmina.-....................................... 35,pi. 28

Pseudophragmina. ._—..___-.-----------__------------_----_----._ 35

tobleri, Pseudophragmina....--...... __.__---___-_---_-_-.___._..____ 35

proteiformis, Lepidocydina (Polylepidina)................... ....________ 17

pseudocarinata, Lepidocydina ocalana............--------__-___-____.. 16

Pseudophragmina.-..-....................................... ..........—.— 35

(Proporocydina)..----.................... .__ — —— ———.- -..._..._ 35

blumenthali..............--------- ------ — ——,—--.-...._____ 35

citrensis.......______---.__,.-_._...-__-..._____ 35, pi. 28

flintensis- ..... .__. ____._______._______.___..-. 4,35, pi. 28

mirandana.......................................__..._....... 35,pi. 28

tobleri... ______________.___...______.... — .__ 35

Psevdorbitoiina cubensis............. ______ — —— -- —— ___.__-____..__.-_ 14

puilboreauensis, Dictyoconus............-............................_--...- 5

pustulosa, Isolepidina.............————--__— —————.— _______ 16

Lepidocydina (Plioepidina)........................... 2,4,5, IS, pis. 13-15,20,32

. R 

References cited.-———............___.._.._..„._____...___. 37-38

rutteni,Asterocydina.................................. —— ------------ 33,35, pi. 26

Discocydina (Asterocydina)............................................... 32

sanfernandensis, Lepidocydina (Nephrolepidina).... _--.'.--__-____.24,25,27 

taUahasseensis, Lepidocydina (Nephrolepidina) --------- ___ - 24,25,27, pis. 9,10

sculpturata, Asterocydina...................—....................... 33,34,35, fl. 26

Discocydina (Asterocydina). .___------__..__...___.__..'__. 32

Orthophragmina................................................_....__ 32

semmesi granosa, Lepidocydina (Nephrolepidina)........................,..... 23,27

Lepidocydina (Nephrolepidina)............................... 23,25,26,27,pi. 12

soldadensis, Helicostegina............................................__.. 4,14, pi- 6

spiralis, Helicolepidina-.......................................... 4, 27, SO, pis. 20,24

stewarti, Asterocydina... ...__-------_--..-_---------__.-..__._ 35

Asterodiscocydina....................________.--_______ 32

Discocydina (Asterodiscocydina)..... _--_--___-..._-..______ 32

striatoreticulata, Camerina........_____-_____._-___-...--_ 4,5, 8, pi. 3

Nummulities............---------__...____.___..____ —__ 8

subglobosa, Lepidocydina (Pliolepidina)........................................ 16

subrauhnii, Lepidocydina--...-.......................-..________ 23,27,pi. 23

Lepidocydina (Lepidocydina)-----....----------___..............___ 27

supera, Lepidocydina (Lepidocydina)................. _ _ ----------- 6,7,21, pi. 18

tallahasseensis, Lepidocydina (Nephrolepidina) sanfernandensis.... 24,25,27, pis. 9,10

tantoyucensis, Lepidocydina (Nephrolepidina) __.___--_-.---_-------_..-. 23,26,27

tempanii, Lepidocydina (Nephrolepidina).................. ......_ _. 18,28,29, _: 1.19

Tertiary formations of area (chart)_„__------_......_-------__- 2

texana, Heterostegina-..........-------------_---------_---------___.... 12

Lepidocydina (.Lepidocydina)............................................ _ 17

tobleri, Lepidocydina (Pliolepidina)-.-..... .._____..__._-_________- 17

Lepidocydina (Pliolepidina) pustulosa.... .---_-______ 2,4,5, 17, pis. 13-15

Pliolepidina .. ........................................................... 17

Pseudophraymina (Proporocydina)........................................ 35

tournouen, Lepidocydina (Nephrolepidina).-.-.......................... 7, 28, pi. 19

trelaioniensis, Yaberinella----------.................... __—_-_-_--_.._------. 5,8.

trinitatensis, Operculina--................----------------___-_-____------- 11

Operculinoides... ________.______.______.______ 5,11, pis. 2, 3

Trinidad Island, Foraminifera from.-.-----------_.__-_-_--.-__.____.. 5

fossil collecting localities-._______________________________________. 5

tschoppi, Lepidocydina (Lepidocydina)---------- ____.______.... 23, 27, pi. 8

U 

undosa, Lepidocydina.--...................................................... 6,30

Lepidocydina (Eulepidina)......________.___-__.__ 7,18, SO, p1 22

Vaughan.T.W., quoted. _ —............................... — --——.8,20,31,33

and Cole, W. S., quoted—............................................ 11,1 1 * 26

vaughani, Lepidocydina................................................... 2,7,21,21

Lepidocydina (Nephrolepidina)- —...................... 2, 6, 7, i9, pis. 18, 20, 21

Operculina____-__.-_-___--___.._____-___________ 11

Operculinoides....................................................... 4, 11, pi. 2

verbeeki, Lepidocydina (Nephrolepidina) _..--_-_— ——.- ——— — ——— ——— 30

vermunti, Asterocydina-------- ____--____-__-_--__-______——_—...——— 35

Discocydina (Asterocydina)................................._-------__ 31 33

vicksburgensis, Operculinoides--............................................... 11

W 

waylandeaughani, Lepidocydina (Lepidocydina)..................... 2, 6, 7, SO, p1 18

wttcoxi, Operculinoides..........-----.......______...._.__-__...... 10

Yaberinella.................................................___......_.- 5,7

jamaicensis...........................................___--..... 4, 5, 8, pi. 6

trelawnienxis—............................................................ 5,8

yurnagitnensis, Lepidocydina canelli........................................... 22

Lepidocydina (Lepidocydina).--.....-................. 6, 7, 18, 88, pis. 15,17, 20

morganopsis, Lepidocydina (Lepidocydina)-.................. 6, 7, 28, pis. 15, 23

zuliana, Lepidocydina (Polylepidina)......------------------___----------- 17

o



PLATES 1-28
PLATE 1

FIGURES 1-9, 20-21. Operculinoides jacksonensis (Gravell and Hanna), (p. 9).

1-4. Transverse sections, X 20, of 4 specimens; locality 108. U.S.N.M. 560930. 

5, 6. Median sections, X 20, of 2 specimens; locality 108. U.S.N.M. 560931. 

7a-9b. External views, X 15, of 6 specimens illustrating the surface ornamentation; locality 108. U.S.N.M. 560932.

20. Transverse section, X 20, showing the axial plugs and the surface beading; locality 149. U.S.N.M. 560937.

21. Median section, X 20; locality 149. U.S.N.M. 560938. 

10—19. Operculinoides moodybranchensis (Gravell and Hanna) (p. 10).

10. External view, X 15; locality 108. U.S.N.M. 560933.

11. Part of the transverse section, figure 13, X 40, illustrating marginal cord and apertures; locality 108. 

U.S.N.M. 560934.

12. Transverse section, X 20; locality 108. U.S.N.M. 560935.

13. Transverse section, X 12.5; locality 108. U.S.N.M. 560934.

14-19. Median sections, X 12.5, showing individual differences; locality 108. U.S.N.M. 560936. 

22. Heterostegina israelskyi Gravell and Hanna (p. 12).

Part of an equatorial section, X 40, showing the embryonic chambers and the single operculine chamber; 

locality 110. U.S.N.M. 560939.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 244 PLATE 1
PLATE 2

FIGURES 1—4. Operculinoides panamensis (Cushman) (p. 10).

la-Id. External view, X 15, of 4 specimens; locality 55. U.S.N.M. 560940.

2. Transverse section, X 20, showing the large umbonal plug and nearly parallel sides of the test; locality 55. U.S.N.M.

560941.

3, 4. Median sections, X 20; locality 55. U.S.N.M. 560942. 

5—11. Operculinoides ocalanus (Cushman) (p. 10).

5. Median section, X 20; locality 125. U.S.N.M. 560943.

6. Median section, X 12.5; station 131a. U.S.N.M. 560944.

7. Transverse section, X 20, of a specimen with a large umbo; locality 125. U.S.N.M. 560945.

8. Transverse section, X 20, of a specimen with a low umbo; locality 131a. U.S.N.M. 560946.

9. External view, X 10, of a specimen with a low umbo and strongly raised sutures; locality 125. U.S.N.M. 560947.

10. External view, X 10, of a specimen with a small, strong umbo and slightly raised sutures; locality 132. U.S.N.M. 

560948.

11. External view, X 10, of a specimen with raised sutures and supplemental beading along the sutures; locality 140.

U.S.N.M. 560949. 

12-16. Operculinoides vaughani (Cushman) (p. 11).

12. External view, X 10, of a megalospheric individual; locality 140. U.S.N.M. 560950.

13. External view, X 10, of a microspheric individual; locality 140. U.S.N.M. 560951.

14. Transverse section, X 12.5, of a microspheric individual; locality 140. U.S.N.M. 560952. 

15, 16. Median sections, X 12.5; locality 140. U.S.N.M. 560953. 

17—19. Operculinoides trinitatensis (Nuttall) (p. 11).

17. Median section, X 20, showing the heavy revolving wall; locality 149b. U.S.N.M. 560954. 

18, 19. External views, X 15, showing surface ornamentation; locality 149b. U.S.N.M. 560955.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 244 PLATE 2

19

EOCENE AND OLIGOCENE OPERCULINOIDES
PLATE 3

FIGURES 1-7. Operculinoides kugleri Vaughan and Cole (p. 9).

1-4. Median sections, X 20; locality 149b. U.S.N.M. 560956.

5a-5d. External view, X 15, of 4 specimens illustrating surface ornamentation; locality 149b. U.S.N.M. 560957. 

6-7. Transverse sections, X 40; locality 149b. U.S.N.M. 560958. 

8. Operculinoides jacksonensis (Gravell and Hanna) (p. 9).

Transverse section, X 40, snowing the contrast between this species and O. kugleri; locality 149b. U.S.N.M. 560959. 

9—11. Operculinoides trinitatensis (Nuttall) (p. 11). 

9, 10. Transverse sections, X 20; locality 149b. U.S.N.M. 560960.

11. Median section, X 20, showing thick revolving wall and oblique chamber walls; locality 149b. U.S.N.M. 560961. 

12-20. Camerina striatoreticulata (L. Rutten) (p. 8).

12. Transverse section, X 12.5; locality 140. U.S.N.M. 560962.

13. Transverse section, X 20, of a small individual; locality 149b. U.S.N.M. 560963.

14. Transverse section, X 12.5, of a normal sized specimen; locality 149b. U.S.N.M. 560964.

15. External view, X 5, of an eroded specimen which does not show surface ornamentation; locality 125. U.S.N.M.

560965.

16, 17. External view, X 5, of two slightly eroded specimens with the ornamentation largely preserved; locality 140. 

U.S.N.M. 560966.

18. Median section, X 12.5, of a specimen similar to the one illustrated as figure 16; locality 140. U.S.N.M. 560967.

19. Median section, X 12.5, of a specimen similar to the one illustrated as figure 17; locality 140. U.S.N.M. 560968.

20. Median section, X 12.5; locality 149b. U.S.N.M. 560969.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 244 PLATE 3

18

EOCENE AND OLIGOCENE OPERCULtNOIDKS AND CAMER1NA
PLATE 4

FIGURE 1. Heterostegina israelskyi Gravell and Hanna (p. 12.)

External view, X 10, of the only specimen of this species recovered from this sample; locality 55. U.S.N.M. 560970. 

2-18. Heterostegina ocalana Cushman (p. 13).

2. External view, X 10, of a virtual topotype; from Ocala limestone, Cummer Lumber Company Phosphate Pit no. 6, 1 

mile south of Newberry, Alachua County, Fla. U.S.N.M. 560971.

3. External view, X 10, of two specimens from Panama showing their similarity to the Floridian specimen; locality 140 

U.S.N.M. 560972.

4. Transverse section, X 20; locality 22a. U.S.N.M. 560973.

5. Median section, X 20; locality 22a. U.S.N.M. 560974.

6. Part of a median section, X 20, which has 3 operculine chambers following the embryonic chambers; from Ocala limestone 

same locality as fig. 2. U.S.N.M. 560975.

7. Median section, X 20; locality 140. U.S.N.M. 560976.

8. Median section, X 20, of a specimen which has 7 operculine chambers following the embryonic chambers; from Ocala 

limestone, Red Bluff, Ga. U.S.N.M. 560977.

9. Median section, X 20, with 10 operculine chambers; locality 125. U.S.N.M. 560978.

10. Part of a median section, X 20, with 6 operculine chambers; from Ocala limestone, same locality as fig. 2. U.S.N.M. 

560979.

11. Median section, X 20; locality 125. U.S.N.M. 560980.

12. Median section, X 20, with 2 operculine chambers; locality 140. U.S.N.M. 560981.

13. Transverse section, X 20; locality 125. U.S.N.M. 560982.

14. Median section, X 20, with 7 operculine chambers; from Ocala limestone, Red Bluff, Ga. U.S.N.M. 560983.

15. Transverse section, X 20; from Ocala limestone, Red Bluff, Ga. U.S.N.M. 560984.

16. Median section, X 20, of a microspheric specimen with 15 operculine chambers; from Ocala limestone, Red Bluff, Ga. 

U.S.N.M. 560985.

17. Median section, X 20, of a megalospheric specimen with 8 operculine chambers; locality 22a. U.S.N.M. 560986.

18. Transverse section, X 20; locality 140. U.S.N.M. 560987.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 244 PLATE 4

17

EOCENE AND OLIGOCENE HETEROSTEGINA
PLATE 5

FIGURES 1—11. Heterostegina antillea Cushman (p. 11).

1. Median section, X 12.5; locality 43. U.S.N.M. 560988.

2. Median section, X 20; locality 38. U.S.N.M. 560989.

3. Transverse section, X 20; locality 38. U.S.N.M. 560990.

4. Transverse section, X 20, not centered; locality 39. U.S.N.M. 560991.

5. Transverse section, X 20, of a well-developed individual with heavy axial plugs; locality 43. U.S.N.M. 560992.

6. Transverse section, X 20; locality 37. U.S.N.M. 560993.

7. Median section, X 20, not absolutely in the median plane; locality 45. U.S.N.M. 560994.

8. Median section, X 20; locality 39. U.S.N.M. 560995.

9. Median section, X 20; locality 37. U.S.N.M. 560996.

10. Median section, X 20, showing the large, relatively thick-walled embryonic chambers and the single, large operculine 

chamber; locality 45. U.S.N.M. 560997.

11. Median section, X 20; locality 38. U.S.N.M. 560998. 

12—14. Heterostegina israelskyi Gravell and Hanna (p. 12).

12. Median section, X 12.5, of a probable rnicrospheric specimen; locality 110. U.S.N.M. 560999.

13. Portion of a median section, X 20, showing the embryonic chambers; locality 110. U.S.N.M. 561000.

14. Transverse section, X 20, of a megalospheric individual; locality 110. U.S.N.M. 561001. 

15-19. Heterostegina panamensis Gravell (p. 15).

15. Median section, X 20; locality lla. U.S.N.M. 561002.

16. Transverse section, X 20; locality lla. U.S.N.M. 561003.

17. Median section, X 20; locality 55. U.S.N.M. 561004.

18. Transverse section, X 20; locality 55. U.S.N.M. 561005.

19. External view, X 15; locality 55. U.S.N.M. 561006.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 244 PLATE 5

OLIGOCENE HETEROSTEGINA
PLATE 6

FIGURES 1-8. Yaberinella jamaicensis Vaughan (p. 8).

1. Transverse section, X 20; locality 131. U.S.N.M. 561007.

2. Transverse section, X 20, showing in the embryonic chamber a curved partition which may indicate that the embryonic 

apparatus is bilocular; locality 131. U.S'.N.M. 561008.

3. Several random transverse sections, X 20; locality 131. U.S.N.M. 561009. 

4, 5. Transverse sections, X 20; locality 131. U.S.N.M. 561010.

6. Part of a median section, X 20; locality 131. U.S.N.M. 561011.

7. Median section; X 12.5, of a topotype specimen introduced for comparison with the Panamanian specimens; from 

yellow limestone, localitv J505M., Phantillands parochial road, 1.8 miles from the main road, Jamaica. U.S.N.M. 

561012.

8. Transverse section, X 12.5, of a topotvpe specimen introduced for comparison with the Panamian specimens; from

same locality as fig. 7. U.S.N.M. * 561013. 

9-12. Helicostegina soldadensis Grimsdale (p. 14). 

9-11. Median sections, X 40; localitv 22a. U.S.N.M. 561014.

12. Transverse section, X 40; locality 22a. U.S.N.M. 561015. 

13—16. Fabiania cubensis (Cushman and Bermudez) (p. 14).

13. Axial section, X 20; locality 140. U.S.N.M. 561016.

14. External view, X 15, of the ventral region; locality 149b. U.S.N:M. 561017.

15. External view, X 15, of the dorsal aspect; locality 140. U.S.N.M. 561018.

16. Part of an axial section, X 40; locality 22a. U.S.N.M. 561019. 

17, 18. Heterostegina israelskyi Gravell and Hanna (p. 12).

17. Median section, X 20; locality 110. U.S.N.M. 561020.

18. Several random transverse sections, X 12.5; locality 110. U.S.N.M. 561021.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL, PAPER 244 PLATE 6

,.>» •'*

£$%* 10

EOCENE YABERINELIA, HELICOSTEGINA, AND FABIANIA, AND OLIGOCENE HETEROSTEGINA
PLATE 7

FIGURES 1—19. Lepidocyclina (Pliolepidina) macdonaldi Cushmaii (p. 16).

1. Vertical section, X 12.5, of a microspheric individual; locality 149b. 

2-16. Vertical sections of megalospheric individuals, showing variation.

2. X 20; locality 132. U.S.N.M. 561023. 

U.S.N.M. 561024. 

U.S.N.M. 561025. 

U.S.N.M. 561026. 

U.S.N.M. 561027. 

U.S.N.M. 561028. 

U.S.N.M. 561029. 

U.S.N.M. 561030.

U.S.N.M. 561022.

7.

X 20; locality 15.

4. X 20; locality 125.

5. X 20; locality 125.

6. X 20; locality 131. 

X 20; locality 140. 

X 12.5; locality 125. 

X 12.5; locality 140. 

X 12.5; locality 150. U.S.N.M 

X 20; locality 140. U.S.N.M. 

X 20; locality 140. U.S.N.M. 

X 20; locality 149b. U.S.N.M. 

X 12.5; locality 125. U.S.N.M

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

561031. ••

561032.

561033.

561034.

561035.

15. X 12.5; locality 149b. U.S.N.M. 561036.

16. X 20; locality 125. U.S.N.M. 561037.

17. External view, X 10, of a megalospheric specimen, showing raised pustules; locality 125. U.S.N.M.

18. Equatorial section, X 12.5, of a megalospheric individual; locality 132. U.S.N.M. 561039.

19. Equatorial section, X 12.5, of a megalospheric individual; locality 149b. U.S.N.M. 561040.

561038.
GEOLOGICAL, SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 244 PLATE 7

12

EOCENE LEPIDOCYCLINA
PLATE 8

FIGURES 1—4. Lepidocyclina (Pliolepidina) macdonaldi Cushman (p. 16).

1. Equatorial section, X 12.5; locality 125. U.S.N.M. 561041.

2. Equatorial section, X 20; locality 132. U.S.N.M. 561042.

3. Equatorial section, X 20; locality 125. U.S.N.M. 561043.

4. Equatorial section, X 12.5; locality 140. U.S.N.M. 561044. 

5—8. Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) chaperi Lemoine and R. Douville (p. 23).

5. Vertical section, X 20; locality 125. U.S.N.M. 561045.

6. Vertical section, X 40; locality 22a. U.S.N.M. 561046.

7. Vertical section, X 20; locality 22a. U.S.N.M. 561047.

8. Equatorial section, X 20; locality 22a. This type of specimen has been named by Thiadens (1937, p. 103) L. (L.)

tschoppi. U.S.N.M. 561048. 

9—14. Lepidocyclina (Pliolepidina) gubernacula Cole, n. sp. (p. 15).

9. Vertical section, X 20; locality 22a. U.S.N.M. 561049.

10. Vertical section, X 20, of a small specimen; locality 22a. U.S.N.M. 561050.

11. Equatorial section, X 20, of a small specimen showing in the peripheral zone radially elongate equatorial chambers;

locality 22a. U.S.N.M. 561051. 

12, 13. Equatorial sections, X 12.5, of two paratypes showing embryonic chambers and the rhombic equatorial chambers;

locality 23. U.S.N.M. 561052. 

14. Vertical section, X 12.5, of a paratype showing the great expansion of the equatorial layer at the periphery of the test

and the open lateral chambers with thin floors and roofs; locality 23. U.S.N.M. 561053.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

PROFESSIONAL PAPER 244 PLATE 8

EOCENE LEPIDOCYCLINA
PLATE 9

FIGURES 1, 2. Lepidocyclina (Pliolepidina) gubernacula Cole, n. sp. (p. 15).

1. Vertical section, X 12.5, of a compressed specimen; locality 23. U.S.N.M. 561054.

2. Vertical section, X 12.5, of an inflated paratype; locality 23. U.S.N.M. 561055. 

3—19. Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) chaperi Lemoine and R. Douville (p. 23).

3. Vertical section, X 12.5, showing the slitlike cavities of the lateral chambers between thick roofs and floors; locality 

125. U.S.N.M. 561056.

4. Vertical section, X 20, of a specimen with few lateral chambers; locality 125. U.S.N.M. 561057.

5. Vertical section, X 12.5, of a large well-developed specimen; locality 125. U.S.N.M. 561058.

6. Vertical section, X 12.5, of a specimen intermediate in development between the one illustrated as figure 4 and the 

one shown by figure 3; locality 125. U.S.N.M. 561059.

7. Vertical section, X 12.5, of a small specimen; locality 125. U.S.N.M. 561060. 

8-13. Vertical sections, X 12.5, of typical specimens; locality 23. U.S.N.M. 561061.

14-17. Vertical sections, X 12.5, of topotypes of Cushman's "L. fragilis" from Ocala limestone at a cave, 200 yards below 

the former wagon bridge over the Chipola River near Marianna, Fla. U.S.N.M. 561062.

18. Vertical section, X 12.5, of a compressed specimen of Cole's "L. sanfernandensis tallahasseensis" showing the 

similarity among it, "L. fragilis," and L. chaperi; from Ocala limestone, City of Tallahassee water well no. 6 at 

a depth of 406 feet. U.S.N.M. 561063.

19. Vertical section, X 12.5, of an inflated specimen of "L. sanfernandensis tallahasseensis" from same locality as 

figure 18. U.S.N.M. 561064.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 244 PLATE 9

19

EOCENE LEPIDOCYCLINA
PLATE 10

FIGURES 1—10. Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) chaperi Lemoine and R. Douvill6 (p. 23).

1. Equatorial section, X 12.5, of a topotype of Cushman's "L. fragilis" with extremely large embryonic chambers 

in which the initial chamber is almost as large as the embracing second chamber; from Ocala limestone at a cave, 

200 yards below old wagon bridge over the Chipola River near Marianna, Fla. U.S.N.M. 561065.

2. Equatorial section, X 12.5, of a topotype with smaller embryonic chambers than those possessed by the specimen 

illustrated as figure 1; from same locality as figure 1. U.S.N.M. 561066.

3. Equatorial section, X 12.5, of a specimen having large embryonic chambers with the second chamber only slightly 

embracing the initial chamber; locality 125. U.S.N.M. 561067.

4. Equatorial section, X 12.5, of a specimen with embryonic chambers which are virtually lepidocycline s. s.: locality 

125. U.S.N.M. 561068.

5. Equatorial section, X 12.5, of a specimen with moderately nephrolepidine embryonic chambers; locality 125. 

U.S.N.M. 561069.

6. Equatorial section, X 20, of a specimen with rather small embryonic chambers; locality 125. U.S.N.M. 561070.

7. Equatorial section, X 12.5, of a specimen with small embryonic chambers; locality 125. U.S.N.M. 561071.

8. Equatorial section, X 12.5, of a specimen with embryonic chambers similar to those illustrated by H. Douvill6 

(1924, p. 45, fig. 37b); locality 23. U.S.N.M. 561072.

9. Equatorial section, X 12.5; locality 125. U.S.N.M. 561073.

10. Equatorial section, X 12.5, of a specimen whose second chamber strongly embraces the initial chamber; locality 23. 

U.S.N.M. 561074.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 244 PLATE 10

EOCENE LEPIDOCYCLINA
PLATE 11

FIGURES 1-8. Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) chaperi Lemoine and R. Douville (p. 23).

1,2. Equatorial sections, X 12.5, of inflated specimens of Cole's "L. sanfernandensis tallahasseensis"; from Ocala limestone, 

City of Tallahassee water well no. 6 at a depth of 406 feet. U.S.N.M. 561075.

3. Equatorial section, X 12.5, of a thin specimen illustrating the individual variation in the size of the embryonic chambers; from same locality as figure 1. U.S.N.M. 561076.

4-8. Equatorial sections, X 12.5, of Panamanian specimens to illustrate the variation which may occur in the size of the 

embryonic chambers.

4. Locality 125. U.S.N.M. 561077.

5. Locality 23. U.S.N.M. 561078.

6. Locality 140. U.S.N.M. 561079. 

7,8. Locality 125. U.S.N.M. 561080.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 244 PLATE 11

EOCENE LEPIDOCYCLINA
PLATE 12

FIGURES 1-15. Lepidocydina (Nephrolepidina) chaperi Lemoine and8R. Douville (p. 23).

1, 2. External views, X 5, of 2 topotypes of Cushman's "L. fragilis"; from Ocala limestone at a cave, 200 yards below the

former wagon bridge over the Chipola River near Marianna, Fla. U.S.N.M. 561081. 

3. Vertical section, X 12.5, of a specimen at first identified as L. semmesi Vaughan and Cole; locality 125. U.S.N.M.

561082. 

4-6. Vertical sections, X 12.5, of specimens from the same sample showing individual variation; locality 125. U.S.N.M.

561083.

7. Vertical section, X 12.5, of a microspheric specimen; locality 125. U.S.N.M. 561084.

8. Part of an equatorial section, X 40, of a microspheric specimen showing the shape of the equatorial chambers; locality 

125. U.S.N.M. 561085.

9. Vertical section, X 12.5; locality 140. U.S.N.M. 561086.

10. Vertical section, X 12.5; locality 137. U.S.N.M. 561087.

11. External view, X 5, of a megalospheric specimen; locality 23. U.S.N.M. 561088.

12, 13. External views, X 2, of two strongly selliform microspheric specimens; locality 23. U.S.N.M. 561089. 

14, 15. External views, X 2, of two strongly papillate microspheric specimens; locality 23. U.S.N.M. 561090. 

16. Lepidocydina (Pliolepidina) gubernacula Cole, n. sp. (p. 15).

External view, X 5, of the holotype showing the inflated, elevated margin characteristic of this species; locality 23. 

U.S.N.M. 561091.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 244 PLATE 12

14

EOCENE LEPIDOCYCLINA
PLATE 13

FIGURES 1-20. Lepidocyclina (Pliolepidina) pustulosa H. Douville (p. 16).

1-19. Vertical sections of megalospheric individuals showing the great variation which mav occur in this species.

1. X 20; locality 149b. U.S.N.M. 561092.

2. X 12.5; locality 137. U.S.N.M. 561093.

3. X 20; locality 150. U.S.N.M. 561094.

4. X 20; locality 15. U.S.N.M. 561097.

5. X 20; locality 140. U.S.N.M. 561095.

6. X 20: locality 131a. U.S.N.M. 561096.

7. X 12.5; locality 137. U.S.N.M. 561098.

8. X 20; locality 140. U.S.N.M. 561099.

9. X 20; locality 140. U.S.N.M. 561100.

10. X 20; locality 140. U.S.N.M. 561101.

11. X 20; locality 149b. U.S.N.M. 561102.

12. X 20; locality 140. U.S.N.M. 561103.

13. X 20; locality 15. U.S.N.M. 561104.

14. X 20; locality 140. U.S.N.M. 561105.

15. X 40; locality 22a. U.S.N.M. 561106.

16. X 20; locality 140. U.S.N.M. 561107.

17. X 20; locality 149b. U.S.N.M. 561108.

18. X 20; locality 15. U.S.N.M. 561109.

19. X 40; locality 22a. U.S.N.M. 561110.

20. Vertical section, X 20, of a microspheric individual showing the strong pillars which end in large surface pustules; 

locality 140. U.S.N.M. 561111.

21. Lepidocyclina (Pliolepidina) pustulosa tobleri H. Douvill6 (p. 17).

Vertical section, X 12.5, of a large, inflated specimen with the general configuration of typical L. pustulosa except for 

the embryonic chambers; introduced for comparison with L. pustulosa; locality 124. U.S.N.M. 561112.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 244 PLATE 13

EOCENE LEPIDOCYCLINA
PLATE 14

FIGURES 1-10. Lepidocydina (Pliolepidina) pustulosa H. Douville (p. 16).

1. Equatorial section, X 20; locality 22a. U.S.N.M. 561113.

2. Equatorial section, X 20; locality 22a. U.S.N.M. 561114.

3. Equatorial section, X 20; locality 15. U.S.N.M. 561115.

4. Equatorial section, X 20; locality 149b. U.S.N.M. 561116.

5. Equatorial section, X 12.5; locality 140, U.S.N.M. 561117.

6. Equatorial section, X 12.5; locality 140. U.S.N.M. 561118.

7. Equatorial section, X 20; locality 15. U.S.N.M. 561119.

8. Equatorial section, X 20; locality 140. U.S.N.M. 561120.

9. Equatorial section, X 20; locality 140. U.S.N.M. 561121.

lOa-lOd. External view, X 10, of 4 specimens showing individual differences; locality 140. U.S.N.M. 561122. 

11. Lepidocydina (Pliolepidina) macdonaldi Cushman (p. 16)

Equatorial section, X 12.5, showing the difference in shape of the equatorial chambers between this species and L.

pustulosa; locality 149b. U.S.N.M. 561123.

12, 13. Lepidocydina (Pliolepidina) pustulosa tobleri H. Douville (p. 17). 

Equatorial sections, X 20; locality 132. U.S.N.M. 561124.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 244 PLATE 14

11

A ' f't-fi*''}i' -tvWt' j • i

[ ' 4$4^<- '&%Vi <; *' '" v

ffeS -:^t^:i^*

10C

sa>i^

•?8Jfr. '•*'•*•*

10b

..^. i/>y.:fc

Vr/- *"' '

^f ''®

-f»£

10 d

13

EOCENE LEPIDOCYCLINA
PLATE 15

FIGURES 1, 2, 4, 5. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) yurnagunensis morganopsis Vaughan (p. 23).

1, 2. Vertical sections, X 20, of megalospheric specimens showing the heavy pillars; locality 53. U.S.N.M. 561125.

4, 5. Vertical sections, X 20, of microspheric individuals showing the heavy pillars; locality 45. U.S.N.M. 561127.

3. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) yurnagunensis Cushman (p. 22). Vertical section X 12.5, showing the lateral

chambers in regular tiers and the absence of pillars; locality 45. U.S.N.M. 561126. 

6-10. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) parvula Cushman (p. 20)

6. Vertical section, X 20, of a megalospheric individual with heavy pillars; locality lla. U.S.N.M. 561128.

7. Vertical section, X 20, of a microspheric individual with heavy pillars and thin floors and roofs to the lateral 

chambers; locality lla. U.S.N.M. 561129.

8. Vertical section, X 20, of a microspheric specimen with low irregular lateral chambers between thick roofs and 

floors; locality 39. U.S.N.M. 561130.

9. Equatorial section, X 20, of a microspheric individual; locality 39. U.S.N.M. 561131.

10. Equatorial section, X 20, of a megalospheric individual; locality lla. U.S.N.M. 561132. 

11-13. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) montgomeriensis Cole (p. 20).

11. Equatorial section, X 12.5; locality 125. U.S.N.M. 561139.

12. Vertical section, X 20, of a specimen with large embryonic chambers and very few lateral chambers; locality 

125. U.S.N.M. 561140.

13. Vertical section, X 20; locality 125. U.S.N.M. 561141. 

14—16. Lepidocyclina (Pliolepidina) pustulosa H. Douvill6 (p. 16).

14. Equatorial section, X 20, of a specimen of the type called L. subglobosa Nuttall; locality 131a. U.S.N.M. 561133. 

15, 16. Vertical sections, X 20, of specimens of the type called L. subglobosa Nuttall; locality 131a. U.S.N.M. 561134. 

17-21. Lepidocyclina (Pliolepidind) pustulosa tobleri H. Douville (p. 17).

17. Vertical section, X 12.5, of an inflated specimen; locality 124. U.S.N.M. 561135.

18. Vertical section, X 20, of a small lenticular specimen, locality 149b. U.S.N.M. 561136. 

19, 20. Vertical sections, X 20; locality 132. U.S.N.M. 561137. 

21. Equatorial section, X 20; locality 149b. U.S.N.M. 561138.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 244 PLATE 15

17

EOCENE AND OLIGOCENE LEPIDOCYCLINA
PLATE 16

FIGURES 1—22. Lepidocgclina (Lepidocyclina) canellei Lemoine and R. Douville (p. 18.)

1. Vertical section, X 20; locality 53. U.S.N.M. 561142.

2. Vertical section, X 20; locality lla. U.S.N.M. 561143. 

3, 4. Vertical sections, X 20; locality 53. U.S.N.M. 561144. 

5, 6. Vertical sections, X 20; locality 30. U.S.N.M. 561145. 

7. Vertical section, X 20; locality 43. U.S.N.M. 561146. 

8, 9. Vertical sections, X 20; figure 9 is nearly an exact duplicate of the type vertical section given by Lemoine and R.

Douville; locality 53. U.S.N.M. 561147. 

10. Vertical section, X 20; locality 43. U.S.N.M. 561148. 

11,12. Vertical sections, X 20; station 53. U.S.N.M. 561149.

13, 14. Vertical sections, X 40, of topotvpes of L. pancanalis Vaughan and Cole; U.S.G.S. locality 6025, Panama. U.S.N.M. 

561150.

15. Equatorial section, X 20; locality 43. U.S.N.M. 561151.

16. Equatorial.section, X 20; locality 53. U.S.N.M. 561152.

17. Equatorial section, X 20; locality lla. U.S.N.M. 561153.

18. Equatorial section, X 40, of a topotype of L. pancanalis Vaughan and Cole; U.S.G.S. locality 6025, Panama. 

U.S.N.M. 561154.

19. Equatorial section, X 20; locality 43. U.S.N.M. 561155.

20. Equatorial section, X 20; locality 30. U.S.N.M. 561156.

21. Equatorial section, X 20, of the same specimen illustrated as figure 18; U.S.G.S. locality 6025, Panama. U.S.N.M. 

561157.

22. Equatorial section, X 20; locality 55. U.S.N.M. 561158.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 244 PLATE 16

14

OEIGOCENE LEPIDOCYCLINA
PLATE 17

FIGURES 1-3. Lepidocydina (Lepidocydina) canellei Lemoine and R. Douville (p. 18).

la-lb. External view, X 10, of 2 large specimens; locality 53. U.S.N.M. 561159.

2a-2d. External view, X 10, of 4 small specimens of the type called L. pancanalis Vaughan and Cole; locality 43. U.S.N.M. 

561160.

3. Equatorial section, X 20, which is similar to the type section figured by Lemoine and R. Douville (1904, pi. 3, fig. 5); 

locality 53. U.S.N.M. 561161.

4. Lepidocydina (Lepidocydina) asterodisca Nuttall (p. 17). External view, X 5, of the only available specimen showing the radiate character of the test; locality 110. U.S.N.M. 561162. 

5—18. Lepidocydina (Lepidocydina) yurnagunensis Cushman (p. 22). 

5-9. Vertical sections, X 20; locality 45. U.S.N.M. 561163.

10. Vertical section, X 20, of a very compressed specimen; locality 54. U.S.N.M. 561164.

11. Vertical section, X 20, of a strongly inflated specimen; locality 45. U.S.N.M. 561165. 

12, 13. Vertical sections, X 20; locality 54. U.S.N.M. 561166. 

14, 15. Vertical sections, X 20; locality 45. U.S.N.M. 561167.

16. Equatorial section, X 20; locality 39. U.S.N.M. 561168.

17. Equatorial section, X 20; locality 54. U.S.N.M. 561169.

18. Equatorial section, X 20; locality 45. U.S.N.M. 561170.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 244 PLATE 17

OLIGOCENE LEPIDOCYCLINA
PLATE 18

FIGURES 1-10, 16, 17. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) waylandvaughani Cole (p. 20).

1. Vertical section, X 20; locality 38. U.S.N.M. 561171. 

2-4. Vertical sections, X 20; locality 1 la. U.S.N.M. 561172.

5-7. Vertical sections of topotypes introduced for comparison with the Panamanian specimens; 5, 6, X 12.5; 7, 

X 20; collected by W. S. Cole, on the Huasteca Petroleum Company's golf course. Tampico, Mexico, 

from the Meson formation. U.S.N.M. 561173.

8. Vertical section, X 20, of a Panamanian specimen which has features identical to those shown by the Mexican specimen, fig. 7; locality lla. U.S.N.M. 561174.

9. Part of a vertical section, X 40, of a Panamanian specimen showing the open, rectangular cavities of the 

lateral chambers; locality lla. U.S.N.M. 561175.

10. Part of a vertical section, X 40, of the topotype illustrated as figure 6, introduced for comparison with the 

Panamanian specimen, figure 9; collected by W. S. Cole, on the Huasteca Petroleum Company's golf 

course, Tampico, Mexico, from the Meson formation. U.S.N.M. 561173.

16. Part of an equatorial section, X 12.5, of a topotype introduced for comparison; collected by W. S. Cole, on 

the Huasteca Petroleum Company's golf course, Tampico, Mexico, from the Meson formation. U.S.N.M. 

561173.

17. Part of an equatorial section, X 20, showing the thick-walled, bilocular embryonic chambers and the shortspatulate to hexagonal equatorial chambers; locality lla. U.S.N.M. 561176.

11. Lepidocydina (Lepidocyclina) forresti Vaughan (p. 21).

Part of a vertical section, X 40, of a cotype which has lateral chambers similar to those found in L. supera 

(Conrad); photograph by Lloyd Henbest; specimen originally illustrated by Vaughan (1927, pi. 2, fig. 1); 

from the Antigua formation, east of Willdughby Bay, Antigua. U.S.N.M. 561177.

12. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) supera (Conrad) (p. 21).

Part of a vertical section, X 40, introduced to illustrate the differences in vertical section between it and L. 

waylandvaughani and the similarities between it and L. forresti; from the Byram formation, Vicksburg, 

Miss. U.S.N.M. 561178.

13. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) mantelli (Morton) (p. 21).

Part of a vertical section, X 40, to show the features of the vertical section; collected by W. S. Cole from the

Marianna limestone on the Chipola River one-half mile east of Marianna, Fla. U.S.N.M. 561179. 

14, 15. Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) vaughani Cushman (p. 21).

14. Part of a vertical section, X 20, not centered, to show the open, rectangular lateral chambers with thin roofs 

and floors; locality lla. U.S.N.M. 561180.

15. Part of an oblique "vertical" section, X 20, not centered, made to resemble Cushman's (1919a) illustration 

figure 5, plate 37, which Vaughan (1923) used as a cotype for L. miraflorensis; locality 30. U.S.N.M. 

561181.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 244 PLATE 18

^^^ r-^fWr^w

"?«S£3E1? ^-:#.t*.rv.9*

13

OLIGOCENE LEPIDOCYCLINA
PLATE 19

FIGURES 1—8. Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) dartoni Vaughan (p. 27).

1, 2. External view, X 10, of 2 specimens showing the surface appearance and the radiate character of the test; locality lla.

U.S.N.M. 561182.

3-5. Vertical sections, X 20, showing the large, rectangular lateral chambers arranged in rather regular tiers; locality lla. 

U.S.N.M. 561183.

6. Equatorial section, X 20, showing the equatorial chambers arranged in a stellate pattern; locality lla. U. S. N. M. 

561184.

7. Equatorial section, X 20, of a specimen whose radiate pattern is less distinct than that of figure 6 in which the shape 

of the equatorial chambers varies from diamond to elongate hexagonal; locality lla. U.S.N.M. 561185.

8. Equatorial section, X 20, of a specimen with very small embryonic chambers; locality lla. U.S.N.M. 561186. 

9-12. Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) tournoueri Lemoine and R. Douvill6 (p. 28).

9. Equatorial section, X 20, which has elongate hexagonal equatorial chambers to the right of the embryonic chambers 

of the type assumed to characterize L. tempanii Vaughan and Cole, and which has equatorial chambers of the 

type associated with typical L. tournoueri to the left of the embryonic chambers; locality 45. U.S.N.M. 561187. 

10. Equatorial section, X 20; locality 45. U.S.N.M. 561188. 

11, 12. Vertical sections, X 20; locality 45. U.S.N.M. 561189.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 244 PLATE 19

OLIGOCENE LEPIDOCYCLINA
PLATE 20

FIGURES 1-6. Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) vaughani Cushman (p. 29). - "

1. Vertical section, X 20; locality 38. U.S.N.M. 561190.

2. Vertical section, X 20; locality 43. U.S.N.M. 561191.

3. Vertical section, X 20; locality 37. U.S.N.M. 561192.

4. Vertical section, X 12.5; locality 121. U.S.M.N. 561193.

5. Equatorial section, X 12.5; locality 121. U.S.N.M. 561194.

6. Part of an equatorial section, X 20; locality 30. U.S.N.M. 561195.

7. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) montgomeriensis Cole (p. 20).

Vertical section, X 12.5, of a specimen with more open cavities to the lateral chambers than is usual for this species;

locality 125. U.S.N.M. 561196. 

8—10. Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) chaperi Lemoine and R. Douville (p. 23).

8. Equatorial section, X 12.5, of a strongly selliform individual; locality 23. U.S.N.M. 561197.

9. Equatorial section, X 12.5, of a specimen with embryonic chambers in which the second chamber does not embrace 

the initial chamber; locality 150. U.S.N.M. 561198.

10. Part of an equatorial section, X 20, in which the embryonic chambers are lepidocycline; locality 140. U.S.N.M.

561199. 

11, 12. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) yurnagunensis Cushman (p. 22).

11. Equatorial section, X 20, in which the embryonic chambers tend toward the nephrolepidine type; locality 54. 

U.S.N.M. 561200.

12. Vertical section, X 20; locality 45. U.S.N.M. 561201.

13. Helicolepidina spiralis Tobler (p. 30).

Vertical section, X 40, of a small individual resembling certain small specimens of L. pustulosa except for its equatorial spire which is shown by an enlarged chamber at the place where it cuts the equatorial layer; locality 22a. 

U.S.N.M. 561202. 

14, 15. Lepidocyclina (Pliolepidina) pustulosa H. Douville (p. 17).

14. Vertical section, X 40, of a small individual with thin roofs and floors to the lateral chambers; locality 22a. U.S.N.M. 

561203.

15. Equatorial section, X 40, showing the equatorial and embryonic chambers; locality 22a. U.S.N.M. 561204.

16. Lepidocyclina (Pliolepidina) macdonaldi Cushman (p. 16).

Vertical section, X 12.5, of a specimen which probably should be assigned to this species; locality 132. U.S.N.M. 

561205.

17. Lepidocyclina (Pliolepidina) gubernacula Cole, n. sp. (p. 15).

Part of an equatorial section, X 12.5, showing the shape of the equatorial chambers; locality 23. U.S.N.M. 561206.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 244 PLATE 20

EOCENE AND OLIGOCENE LEPIDOCYCLII\A AND EOCENE HELICOLEPIDINA
PLATE 21

FIGURES 1-15. Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) vaughani Cushman (p. 29).

1. Part of an equatorial section, X 12.5, showing an abnormal development of the embryonic chambers; locality 123.

U.S.N.M. 561207.

2, 3. Parts of equatorial sections, X 20; figure 2 shows the stoloniferous opening between the initial and the second embryonic chamber; locality 38. U.S.N.M. 561208.

4. Parts of an equatorial section, X 12.5, showing well-developed embryonic and equatorial chambers; locality 30. 

U.S.N.M. 561209.

5. Equatorial chambers, X 40, from the upper right part of the specimen illustrated as figure 4, showing details of their 

shape; locality 30. U.S.N.M. 561210.

6. Vertical section, X 12.5, showing the greatly increased height of the equatorial chambers in the inflated margin of 

the test; locality 30. U.S.N.M. 561211.

7. Vertical section, X 20, of the central part of an incomplete specimen; locality Ha. U.S.N.M. 561212.

8. Vertical section, X 12.5; locality 30. U.S.N.M. 561213.

9. Vertical section, X 12.5, of a specimen with few lateral chambers on each side of the embryonic chambers; locality 

123. U.S.N.M. 561214.

10. Vertical section, X 12.5; locality lla. U.S.N.M. 561216.

11. Vertical section, X 20, of the central, inflated part of an incomplete and broken specimen; locality 38. U.S.N.M. 

561215.

12. Vertical section X 12.5; locality 43. U.S.N.M. 561217.

13. Part of an equatorial section, X 20; locality 37. U.S.N.M. 561218.

14. Part of an equatorial section, X 12.5, of a specimen with very large embryonic chambers; locality 43. U.S.N.M. 

561219.

15. ^External view, X 5, showing the small but pronounced central umbo and the elevated edge of the test; locality 30. 

U.S.N.M. 561220.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 244 PLATE 21

•• ir

OLIGOCENE LEPIDOCYCLINA
PLATE 22

FIGURES 1-5. Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) favosa Cushman (p. 30).

1-3. Vertical sections, X 12.5, of microspheric individuals; locality 38. U.S.N.M. 561221.

4. Vertical section, X 12.5, of a megalospheric individual; locality 39. U.S.N.M. 561222.

5. Part of an equatorial section, X 12.5, of a megalospheric specimen; locality 39. U.S.N.M. 561223. 

6-8. Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) undosa Cushman (p. 30).

6. Part of an equatorial section, X 12.5, of a megalospheric specimen; locality 45. U.S.N.M. 561224.

7. Vertical section, X 20, of a megalospheric specimen whose surface is so eroded that the lateral chambers are largely 

missing; locality 45. U.S.N.M. 561225.

8. Vertical section, X 20, not centered, showing the equatorial layer and lateral chambers; locality 45. U.S.N.M. 

561226.

9. Lepidocyclina gigas Cushman (p. 30).

Vertical section, X 12.5, virtually centered; locality 39. U.S.N.M. 561227-
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 244 PLATE 22

OLIGOCENE LEPIDOCYCLINA
FIGURES 1-3, 10. Lepidocyclina (Pliolepidina) pustulosa H. Douville' (p. 16).

1. External view, X 10, of a microspheric specimen with well-developed, raised, umboual pustules; locality 140. 

U.S.N.M. 561228.

2. Equatorial section, X 20, of a microspheric specimen; locality 131a. U.S.N.M. 561229.

3. Detail of figure 2, X 40, showing the initial spire and the shape of the equatorial chambers; 

locality 131a. U.S.N.M. 561229.

10. Vertical section, X 12.5, of a microspheric specimen; locality 137. U.S.N.M. 561238.

4. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) montgomeriensis Cole (p. 20).

Detail, X 40, of equatorial chambers from part of the specimen illustrated on plate 15, figure 13; locality 125.

U.S.N.M. 561230. 

5-7,9. Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) yurnagunensis morganopsis Vaughan (p. 23).

5. Vertical section, X 12.5, of a microspheric specimen with very strong pillars; locality 39. U.S.N.M. 561231.

6. Vertical section, X 12.5, of a microspheric specimen with moderate pillars; locality 45. U.S.N.M. 561232.

7. Vertical section, X 12.5, of a specimen with few pillars near the center; locality lla. U.S.N.M. 561233. 

9. Vertical section, X 12.5, locality 45. U.S.N.M. 561235. i 

8, 11, 12. Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) chaperi Lemoine and R. Douville' (p. 23).

8. Vertical section, X 12.5, of a microspheric specimen of the type called L. subraulinii; locality 125. U.S.N.M. 

561234.

11. Part of an equatorial section, X 20, of a microspheric topotype of Cushmau's "L. fragilis" showing the shape 

of the equatorial chambers; from Ocala limestone at a cave 200 yards below old wagon bridge over the Chipola 

River near Marianna, Fla. U.S.N.M. 561236.

12. Part of an equatorial section, X 12.5, of a microspheric specimen from Panama showing the shape of the equatorial 

chambers; locality 23. U.S.N.M. 561237.

13. Lepidocyclina (Pliolepidina) gubernacula Cole, n. sp. (p. 15).

Vertical section, X 12.5, showing well-developed pillars in the umboual area; locality 23. U.S.N.M. 561239.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

EOCENE AND OLIGOCENE LEPWOCYCLWA
PLATE 24

FIGURES 1-16. Helicolepidina spiralis Tobler (p. 30).

1. External view, X 10, of a slightly eroded specimen; locality 125. U.S.N.M. 561240.

2. External view, X 5, of a large specimen with a sharply inflated umbo and a distinct rim; locality 125. U.S.N.M. 

561241.

3. External view, X 5, of a small specimen; locality 125. U.S.N.M. 561242.

4. Vertical section, X 12.5, of a typical large specimen; locality 125. U.S.N.M. 561243.

5. Vertical section, X 20, of a well-developed specimen; locality 150. U.S.N.M. 561244.

6. Vertical section, X 20, of a small specimen similar to Vaughan's "H. nortoni"; locality 125. U.S.N.M. 561245.

7. Equatorial section, X 12.5; locality 125. U.S.N.M. 561246.

8. Equatorial section, X 20, which shows the spiral chambers clearly; locality 125. U.S.N.M. 561247.

9. Equatorial section, X 12.5; locality 125. U.S.N.M. 561248.

10. Equatorial section, X 20; locality 125. U.S.N.M. 561249.

11. Equatorial section, X 20, of a specimen which does not show the spire clearly; the indistinct spire is supposed to be a 

characteristic of Vaughan's "//. nortoni"; locality 22a. U.S.N.M. 561250.

12. Vertical section X 40, of a specimen similar to "H. nortoni" and also small H. spiralis; locality 22a. U.S.N.M. 

561251.

13. Vertical section, X 20, of a specimen which is similar to the topotype of "H. nortoni" illustrated as figure 14; locality

22a. U.S.N.M. 561252. 

14, 15. Vertical sections, X 20, of topotypes of "//. nortoni" introduced for comparison; from Jackson formation in well

sample at a depth of 3611-3612 feet in sec. 20, T. 6S., R. 5E., St. Landry Parish, La. U.S.N.M. 561253. 

16. Equatorial section, X 20, of a topotype of "H. nortoni;" same locality as above. U.S.N.M,. 561254. 

17a—17d. Miogypsina (Miogypsina) antillea (Cushman) (p. 35).

External view, X 15, of 4 specimens showing the shape and external sculpture; locality 53. U.S.N.M. 561255.
GEOLOGICAL SUBLET PROFESSIONAL PAPER 244 PLATE 24

17C 11 ^^••IW- 16 

EOCENE HELICOLEPIDINA AND OLIGOCENE MIOGYPSINA
PLATE 25

FIGURES 1—8. Miogypsina (Miolepidocyclina) panamensis (Cushman) (p. 36).

1. Vertical section, X 40, of the inflated type; locality 55. U.S.N.M. 561256.

2. Equatorial section, X 40, showing embryonic, periembryonic, and equatorial chambers; locality 55. U.S.N.M. 

	561257.

3. Equatorial section, X 40, of an inflated specimen; locality 55. U.S.N.M. 561258.

4. Equatorial section, X 40; locality 55. U.S.N.M. 561259.

5. Equatorial section, X 40, of an inflated specimen; locality 55. U.S.N.M. 561260.

6. Transverse section, X 40, of a compressed specimen; locality 55. U.S.N.M. 561261.

7. Equatorial section, X 20, of a compressed specimen; locality 55. U.S.N.M. 561262.

8a-8d. External view, X 15, of 4 individuals showing varying degrees of inflation and the surface ornamentation; locality 55.

	U.S.N.M. 561263. 

9-12. Miogypsina (Miolepidocyclina) mexicana Nuttall (p. 36).

9. Equatorial section, X 40, introduced for comparison with M. panamensis; from lower Oligocene, northeast of Finca 

	de los Tremari, Veracruz, Mexico. U.S.N.M. 561264.

10. Vertical section, X 40, introduced for comparison with M. panamensis. U.S.N.M. 561265.

11, 12. Equatorial sections, X 20, introduced for comparison with M. panamensis. U.S.N.M. 561266.

13-15. Miogypsina (Miogypsina) antillea (Cushman) (p. 35).

13. Vertical section, X 20, not centered; locality 53. U.S.N.M. 561267.

14. Vertical section, X 40; locality 53. U.S.N.M. 561268.

15. Equatorial section, X 40; locality 53. U.S.N.M. 561269.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 244 PLATE 25

8c 15

OLIGOCENE MIOGYPSINA
PLATE 26

FIGURES 1-20. Asterocyclina minima (Cushman) (p. 32).

1. External view, X 10, of a Cuban specimen of Vaughan's "A. rutteni" with a few raised large, umbonal pustules; 

from the upper Eocene at Palmer's locality 1102, 4.5 km west of Guanajay on the road to Mariel, Pinar del Rio 

Province, Cuba. U.S.N.M. 561270.

2. External view, X 10, of a Panamanian specimen with a few large umbonal pillar-heads which are flush with the surface 

of the test; locality 140. U.S.N.M. 561271.

3. External view, X 15, of a Panamanian specimen with projecting rays, a few large raised umbonal pustules, and many 

smaller pustules; locality 22a. U.S.N.M. 561272.

4. External view, X 10, of a Cuban specimen with many short rays and small pustules evenly distributed over the umbo; 

from upper Eocene, at same locality as figure 1. U.S.N.M. 561273.

5. External view, X 10, of a Panamanian specimen with a few large slightly raised umbonal pustules; locality 140. 

U.S.N.M. 561274.

6. Enlarged detail, X 40, of figure 7 showing the embryonic and equatorial chambers; locality 22a. U.S.N.M. 561275.

7. Equatorial section, X 20, of a specimen similar to the one illustrated as figure 3; locality 22a. U.S.N.M. 561275.

8. Vertical section, X 20, of a Cuban specimen similar to the one illustrated as figure 1; from upper Eocene, same 

locality as figure 1. U.S.N.M. 561276.

9. Vertical section, X 20, of a Cuban specimen similar to the one illustrated as figure 1 except the umbonal surface is 

devoid of pustules; from upper Eocene, same locality as figure 1. U.S.N.M. 561277.

10. Vertical section, X 20, of a Cuban specimen which is similar to the one called A. sculpturata (Cushman) by Vaughan 

(1945, pi. 31, fig. 2, the first specimen on the left); from upper Eocene, same locality as figure 1. U.S.N.M. 

561278.

11. Vertical section, X 20, of a Cuban specimen similar in external appearance to the one illustrated as figure 4; upper 

Eocene, same locality as figure 1. U.S.N.M. 561279.

12. Vertical section, X 20, of a Cuban specimen similar in external appearance to the one illustrated as figure 1; from 

upper Eocene, same locality as figure 1. U.S.N.M. 561280.

13. Vertical section, X 20, of a Cuban specimen similar in external appearance to the one illustrated by Vaughan (1945, 

pi. 31, fig. 2, the third specimen from the left) under the name A. sculpturata (Cushman); from upper Eocene, 

same locality as figure 1. U.S.N.M. 561281.

14. Vertical section, X 20, of the holotype of A. minima (Cushman) photographed by transmitted light by Lloyd Henbest; 

U.S.G.S. locality 6512, David, Panama. U.S.N.M. 324745.

15. Vertical section, X 20, of the holotype of A. minima (Cushman) taken by dark field illumination by Lloyd Henbest 

to show the well-developed pillars, the thin roofs and floors of the lateral chambers, and the open, rectangular 

cavities of these chambers; U.S.G.S. locality 6512, David, Panama. U.S.N.M. 324745.

16. Vertical section, X 20, of a Panamanian specimen which was identified at first as A. sculpturata (Cushman); locality 

22a. U.S.N.M. 561282.

17. Vertical section, X 20, of a Panamanian specimen which was identified as A. minima (Cushman); locality 140. 

U.S.N.M. 561283.

18. Vertical section, X 20, of a Panamanian specimen which was identified from external view as A. rutteni Vaughan; 

locality 140. U.S.N.M. 561284.

19. Vertical section, X 20; locality 22a. U.S.N.M. 561285.

20. Vertical section, X 20, of a Panamanian specimen which was identified by external characters as A. sculpturata 

(Cushman); locality 140. U.S.N.M. 561286.
GEOLOGICAL, SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 244 PLATE 26

EOCENE ASTEROCYCLINA
PLATE 27 .

FIGURES 1-5. Asterocyclina mariannensis (Cushman) (p. 31).

1. Vertical section, X 20, of a large specimen; locality 140. U.S.N.M. 561287.

2. Vertical section, X 20, of a small specimen; locality 140. U.S.N.M. 561288.

3. External view, X 10, of a Cuban specimen introduced for comparison; from upper Eocene, at Palmer's locality 1102.

4.5 km west of Guanajay on the road to Mariel, Pinar del Rio Province, Cuba. U.S.N.M. 561289. 

4, 5. External views, X 10, of Panamanian specimens showing individual differences; locality 140. U.S.N.M. 561290. 

6-12. Asterocyclina georgiana (Cushman) (p. 31).

6. Detail of figure 7, X 40, showing the embryonic chambers and the elongate equatorial chambers of the rays; locality 

125. U.S.N.M. 561291.

7. Equatorial section, X 12.5; locality 125. U.S.N.M. 561291. 

8, 9. Vertical sections, X 20, showing individual differences; locality 125. U.S.N.M. 561292.

10. External view, X 10, showing well-developed rays and only slight interray areas; locality 124. U.S.N.M. 561293.

11. External view, X 10, showing well-developed interray areas; locality 145. U.S.N.M. 561294.

12a-12b. External views, X 10, of 2 specimens, the lower one of which has heavy pillars along the rays; locality 125. U.S.N.M. 

561295.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 244 PLATE 27

EOCENE ASTEROCYCLINA
PLATE 28

FIGURES 1—4. Asterocyclina mariannensis (Cushnian) (p. 31).

1. Vertical section, X 20, showing long, low lateral chambers in regular tiers and heavy umborial pillars; locality 140. 

U.S.N.M. 561296.

2. Equatorial section, X 20; locality 140. U.S.N.M. 561297.

3. Equatorial section, X 12.5; locality 140. U.S.N.M. 561298.

4. Equatorial section, X 20; locality 140. U.S.N.M. 561299. 

5, 6. Asterocyclina minima (Cushman) (p. 32).

5. Equatorial section, X 20; locality 140. U.S.N.M. 561300.

6. Part of an equatorial section, X 40, showing embryonic chambers and the arrangement of the equatorial chambers

to produce rays; locality 140. U.S.N.M. 561301. 

7-16. Pseudophragmina (Proporocyclina) flintensis (Cushman) (p. 35).

7. Vertical section, X 20, showing a lenticular test of the type of P. citrensis (Vaughan); locality 125. U.S.N.M. 561302.

8. Vertical section, X 20, showing a iionumbonate test of the type of P. mirandana (Hodson); locality 140. U.S.N.M. 

561303.

9. Vertical section, X 20, showing a lenticular test with a strong umbo; locality 125. U.S.N.M. 561304.

10. Vertical section, X 20, showing a compressed umbonate test of the type of P. flintensis (Cushman); locality 140. 

U.S.N.M. 561305.

11. Vertical section, X 20, not centered; locality 140. U.S.N.M. 561306.

12. Part of an equatorial section, X 40, showing the embryonic and periembryonic chambers; locality 140. U.S.N.M.

561307. 

13,14. Parts of equatorial sections, X 40, showing the embryonic and equatorial chambers; locality 125. U.S.N.M. 561308.

15. External view, X 10; locality 125. U.S.N.M. 561^309.

16. External view, X 10; locality 140. U.S.N.M. 561310.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 244 PLATE 28

15

EOCENE ASTEROCYCLINA AND PSEUDOPHRAGMINA