NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS &

TECHNOLOGY

Research Information Center

Gaithersburg, MD 20899

AlllDO Tfitakt.

NBS

'UBLICATIONS

NBSIR 80-2081

Comparison of Selected Codes

and Standards Relating to

Existing Residential Buildings

Patrick W. Cooke

Building Economics and Regulatory Technology Division Center for Building Technology

National Engineering Laboratory

National Bureau of Standards U S. Department of Commerce

Washington, D C. 20234

Julv 1980

QC

100

.U56

80-2081

1980

c. 2

NBSIR 80-2081 COMPARISON OF SELECTED CODES

AND STANDARDS RELATING TO

EXISTING RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

Patrick W, Cooke

Building Economics and Regulatory Technology Division Center for Building Technology

National Engineering Laboratory

National Bureau of Standards U S. Department of Commerce

Washington, D C. 20234

July 1980

I

I

U S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE. Philip M. Klutznick, Secretary

Luther H. Hodges. Jr., Deputy Secretary Jordan J. Baruch, Assistant Secretary for Productivity, Technology, and Innovation NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Ernest Ambler, Director

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

ABSTRACT v1

1. INTRODUCTION 1

2. RATIONALE FOR IDENTIFICATION OF TECHNICAL BASIS OF REGULATIONS 2

3. MAGNITUDE OF BUILDING REHABILITATION IN THE UNITED STATES 2

4. CODE DOCUMENTS INCLUDED IN STUDY 3

5. BACKGROUND OF HOUSING CODES AND THEIR ENFORCEMENT 4

6. DESCRIPTION OF REGULATIONS APPLICABLE TO BUILDING REHABILITATION PROJECTS 5

6.1 REHABILITATION GUIDELINES DEVELOPED BY MODEL CODE ORGANIZATIONS 5 6.2 GUIDELINES FOR HUD REHABILITATION PROJECTS 5

7. COMPILATION OF MAJOR CODE AREAS FOR COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS 6

8. FORMAT OF STUDY AND PRESENTATION OF COMPARATIVE INFORMATION 10

9. COMPARISON OF STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS 11

10. COMPARISON OF SPACE, OCCUPANCY AND FACILITY REQUIREMENTS 21

11. COMPARISON OF WINDOWS AND DOORS 35

12. COMPARISON OF STAIRS, RAMPS, LANDINGS, PORCHES, BALCONIES 42

13. COMPARISON OF FIRE PROTECTION/FIRE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS 48

14. COMPARISON OF MEANS OF EGRESS/EXITS 52

15. COMPARISON OF LIGHT AND ILLUMINATION REQUIREMENTS 61

16. COMPARISON OF VENTILATION REQUIREMENTS 68

Hi
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)

Page

17. COMPARISON OF MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS 76

18. COMPARISON OF ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS ' 84

19. COMPARISON OF PLUMBING REQUIREMENTS .’ 92

20. COMPARISON OF HEALTH AND SANITATION REQUIREMENTS 101

21. COMPARISON OF EL ;VATOR REQUIREMENTS 110

22. COMPARISON OF CHIMNEYS, VENTS AND INCINERATORS 114

23. COMPARISON OF NOISE ABATEMENT REQUIREMENTS 122

24. COMPARISON OF QUALITY OF MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS 126

25. GENERAL FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS 130

REFERENCES 131

APPENDICES 132

IV
LIST OF TABLES

Table 1 - Major Code Areas for Comparison and Analysis 7

Table 2 - Structural Requirements - Summary Comparison of Provisions 13

Table 3 - Space, Occupancy and Facility Requirements - Summary Comparison of Provisions 25

Table 4 - Windows and Doors - Summary Conparison of Provisions 37

Table 5 - Stairs, Ramps, Landings, Porches, Balconies - Summary Comparison of Provisions 45

Table 6 - Fire Protection/Fire Safety - Summary Comparison of Provisions 49

Table 7 - Means of Egress/Exits - Summary Comparison of Provisions 55

Table 8 - Light and Illumination - Summary Comparison of Provisions 53

Table 9 - Ventilation Requirements - Summary Comparison of Provisions 71

Table 10 - Mechanical Requirements - Summary Comparison of Provisions 79

Table 11 - Electrical Requirements - Summary Comparison of Provisions 87

Table 12 - Plumbing Requirements - Summary Comparison of Provisions 95

Table 13 - Health and Sanitation - Surnmar" Comparison of Provisions 103

Table 14 - Elevators - Summary Comparison of Provisions HI

Table 15 - Chimneys, Vents & Incinerators - Sunmary Comparison of Provisions II7

Table 16 - Hoise Abatement Requirements - Summary Comparison of Provisions 123

Table 17 - Quality of Materials and Products - Summary Comparison of Provisions 127

V
ABSTRACT

The performance levels of older residential buildings

generally do not comply with the standards for safety or function that are required of new buildings. This report

presents a comparative analysis of the specific provisions

contained in seven codified documents that have been promulgated to regulate the health and safety of existing

residential buildings. The study examines and presents information on;

1. The extent to which codes vary among each other in establishing minimum requirements for life, health

and safety in existing dwellings.

2. The differing approaches provided by traditional housing codes in contrast to more recently developed

rehabilitation guideline documents regarding performance

levels.

3. The degree to which each code meets its intended goals

of providing and maintaining human shelter, protection, and privacy.

The code provisions are compared cind analyzed in sixteen major code areas {e.g., structural requirements, light and illumination, plumbing requirements, etc.). Various incon- sistencies among code documents with respect to uniformity

and irrational approaches in the historical development of

code provisions are indicated.

Key Words: Building rehabilitation; codes; comparative

analysis;existing buildings; housing codes; maintenance, model codes; occupancy; performance

levels; regulation; standards.

VI
1.

INTRODUCTION

This report presents the results of a study undertaken to identify and compare the performance levels of selected

code provisions contained in seven model codified docu- ments which deal with the occupancy, maintenance and rehabilitation of existing residential buildings. While

the primary regulatory intent of these documents, as a group, is to establish minimum standards essential to good health and to make existing dwellings safe, sanitary

and fit for human habitation, they individually take dif- ferent approaches in attempting to achieve their defined

goals and objectives. Aside from establishing minimum

standards for what is claimed to be public health and safety, there is also a tendency to include provisions

that establish various levels for housing amenities and arbitrary standards of livability (i.e., comfort) for dwellings. In this regard, the performance levels of such regulatory criteria and their degree of enforcement can and do have significant economic and social impacts on our existing stock of housing, as well as the direction

and extent of upgrading when converting existing buildings of all types to residences through rehabilitation.

This comparison was carried out with the following

purposes in mind:

1. Assist in identifying both implicit and explicit

levels of performance currently required for existing

residential buildings.

2. Provide a logical baseline from which selection of any

revised compliance levels can be established by

regulatory authorities.

3. Assist in the identification and definition of needed research study areas relative to the technical bases of regulations and development of priorities.

4. Demonstrate the degree of uniformity or non-uniformity

among what are ostensibly model regulations promulgated for local adoption and enforcement on a national

or regional basis can be demonstrated.

The report is intended as a resource document for building

researchers, regulatory policy makers and those involved

in the development and promulgation of building codes and standards

The study output relates to current and ongoing research

programs at the National Bureau of Standards' (NBS) Center for Building Technology (CBT). Most closely

related of these research areas is the Building Rehabilitation Technology Program, which has among its several goals

the development of the technical basis of regulations [1]*. The regulatory strategy developed by the State of Massachusetts (2] for the rehabilitation of existing buildings suggests that the levels of performance may be less than that for new construction as long as minimum life- safety and health levels are maintained. The codes included in this comparison study have no direct effect

on new construction, since existing buildings generally

do not comply with the standards for safety and function

that are required of new buildings. The study results, therefore should give a good measure of what is perceived

as minimum levels of acceptability regarding the perfor- mance of existing residential buildings. It will also be used in an ongoing CBT project on the development of a methodology for establishing the performance levels of existing buildings.

*References are listed at end of report.
2. RATIONALE FOR IDENTIFICATION OF TECHNICAL BASIS OF REGULATIONS

Through research sponsored by the Center for Building

Technology's Building Rehabilitation Technology Program,

the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in their

study on regulatory barriers to the reuse of existing buildings identified several areas in need of thorough technical evaluation. The MIT report [3] indicated that many code provisions are highly anecdotal and are not based on wide experience nor a stated technical base. It gave as an example the fact that current light and ventilation standards were based on cannel coal use and control of communicable disease, particularly diptheria. Our current standards

and health problems should be reflected in an updated code. This finding was particularly a problem for existing buildings, because of the limits on alternative systems or evaluations. The need for sound technical bases of code criteria was supported in the report recommendations by

calling for the investigation of safety or hazard levels for existing buildings based on use type, construction, occupancy

level and configuration.

At hearings of the Coinnittee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs, on March 24, 1978 [4] the need for research to determine minimum health and safety performance standards

for older buildings was cited along with the need for separate "habitation standards" to cover such items as minimum ceiling heights, minimum floor area per room, etc.

3. MAGNITUDE OF BUILDING REHABILITATION IN THE UNITED

STATES

Economic, social, political and cultural factors today exist which compel the continued use of our existing building

stock. This is especially significant since the U.S. is seriously behind in the ten-year goal of 26 million new or rehabilitation units in 1968. As recently as 1973, 12.8 million dwelling units (18% of the total 69.3 million) were

identified as suffering from one or more serious deficiencies.

The reuse of older buildings has grown far beyond the historic preservation movement that spawned it to the point where it now has significant economic impact on the building community. Nearly all existing structures are now viewed as assets that can be reclaimed. Increasingly,

rehabilitation of buildings is becoming a part of urban planning strategies in all parts of the country. This transition is taking place in both the private and public

sectors resulting in the redirection of resources from new construction to renovation and alteration work. Recent

Census Bureau information indicate that rehabilitation

of old buildings, commercial and residential, now accounts

for a third of all construction activity in the United

States That translates into a 52 billion dollar a year

industry, of which more than one half is made up of housing

renovation and remodeling and conversion of other buildings

for residential occupancy [5].

2
4. CODE DOCUMENTS INCLUDED IN STUDY

To obtain a realistic measure of current performance levels

for existing housing, several model housing codes, as well

as those available standards developed especially for rehabilitation of residential properties, were considered

for detailed examination in the study. A total of seven code documents were finally selected; five model housing

codes which have different spheres of influence or constituencies in various parts of the country and two guideline

documents which have been developed at the national level and relate specifically to the physical rehabilitation of buildings for residential occupancy. The following is a brief description of each of the seven selected code

documents.

1 . APHA-CDC Recommended Housing Maintenance and Occupancy

Ordinance, 1975 Revision 16) - TMs code was first published in 1952 by the Committee on the Hygiene of Housing of the American Public Health Association

(APHA) to assist municipalities with the development

of legislation necessary to regulate the quality of

housing. It is considered by many to have been the first fundamenta model housing code in this country.

The first revisit n, in 1967, was drafted by APHA in collaboration with the Office of Urban Environmental Health Planning, U.S. Public Health Service. Additional revision was necessary as housing conditions

changed resulting in the 1975 version, which is a cooperative effort of APHA's Committee on Housing and Health and the Center for Disease Control (CDC) of the

U.S. Department of Health, Education and Wjelfare.

2. New York State Model Housing Code, 1974 Edition (7] - This code is published as a guide to New York municipalities for voluntary adoption in meeting housing

regulation and requirements under Federal and State

urban renewal and housing programs. The code is divided

into four major parts covering; (1) convention residential premises; (2) mobile homes; (3) migrant

housing; and, (4) administration and enforcement. The

part on conventional residential buildings is designed

to be consistent with the New York State Building

Construction Code, which regulates new construction.

3. Uniform Housing Code, 1979 Edition [8] - The International Conference of Building Officials (ICBO)

promulgates the Uniform Housing Code for the conservation and rehabilitation of housing. It is intended to be compatible with the Uniform Building Code.

4. Standard Housing Code 1979 [9] - The Standard Housing

Code is published and maintained by the Southern Building Code Congress International, Inc. (SBCCI) as a minimum code for the use, occupancy and maintenance

of existing buildings.

5. The BOCA Basic Property Maintenance Code, 1978 EdTtion [lO] - This code is published by the building

Officials and Code Administrators International, Inc. (BOCA) to establish minimum acceptable standards for

the maintenance of existing buildings.

6. Code Enforcement Guidelines for Residential Rehabilitation [ll] - BOCA developed a set of

rehabi 1 i tation provisions and published them under

the title "Code Enforcement Guidelines for Residential Rehabilitation" (First Edition, 1975). The studies that formed the basis for these guidelines

were conducted under a contract with the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD).

Although published by BOCA, the other three model

code organizations cooperated in their development.
7. hud's Minimum Design Standard for Rehabilitation for Residential Properties [12] - Guidelines setting forth basic objectives and provisions specifically related

to building rehabilitation have been issued by the

U.S. Department of Housing and Urban DevelopmentFederal Housing Administration (HUD-FHA) for use under various HUD-FHA mortgage insurance programs dealing with property rehabilitation. These HUD guidelines, contained in Handbook 4940. T entitled, "Minimum

Design Standards for Rehabil iation for Residential Properties," were originally issued in September 1973. Several additions (e.g., provisions for handicapped,

elderly, lead-based paint hazards, thermal performance

measures and earthquake hazards) and certain changes

(e.g., to fire protection and life safety provisions) were made to the Handbook and incorporated in later versions

5. BACKGROUND OF HOUSING CODES AND THEIR ENFORCEMENT

Housing codes are like building codes in that they apply

to structures; they have no direct effect on new construction, however, because they apply only to existing dwellings. Whereas building codes regulate the minimum conditions

for new construction and development, housing codes regulate the minimum conditions for occupancy. They can

be applied retroactively to remove substandard conditions created by changes in minimum housing requirements. They

establish minimum standards for such things as sanitation,

light, ventilation, space heating, and cooking equipment.

They also regulate maintenance and safety; fix the responsibilities of ov/ners, operators, and occupants of all buildings; and provide for administration, enforcement,

and in some cases penalties.

While the four model housing codes currently in use contain similar statements of purpose, the place of such codes in a larger housing policy is a matter of controversy

The National Conmission on Urban Problems has observed

that at "almost all levels of government there are conflict

ing policies as to what housing codes are and confusion

as to what they should do, how they can be enforced, and what role if any, they should play in helping to provide

an abundance of decent housing for American people." To

iTjost nineteenth-century reformers, improved housing was essential to any program that could hope to wipe out the pattern of social evils represented by slum life. The proponents of the New York Tenement House Law of 1867,

which many regard as the first housing code, blamed the slumlord not only for the appalling physical conditions in which urban slum dwellers had to live, but also for the social pathology typical of slum life. For the reform movement, the purpose of housing codes was to eliminate

the social pathology of poverty.

Housing codes, like building and zoning codes, are exercises of the State police power. Most of them are enacted

and enforced by municipalities, although a few counties

have also done so. Most codes are applicable only within

the municipal limits, but in a few cases they have limited extraterritorial effect. While the major model codes previously referred to serve as the basis for many local codes, most localities add their own embellishments. At

the same time, while the model codes have had widespread

acceptance among the smaller cities, most major cities have chosen to draft their own.
6. DESCRIPTION OF REGULATIONS APPLICABLE TO BUILDING REHABILITATION PROJECTS

To date, there have been only limited attempts to formulate technical code provisions peculiar to building

rehabilitation needs. The following is a brief description of two known documents presently available which

specifically cover rehabilitation of buildings for residential occupancy and as previously indicated were included

in this study.

6.1 REHABILITATION GUIDELINES DEVELOPED BY MODEL CODE organizations

The Code Enforcement Guidelines for Residential Rehabilitation (11] have not been widely adopted by State

and local government jurisdictions. The guidelines are intended for only residential buildings and specifically

exclude hotels, motels, and other housing for transients.

Even though the stated purpose of the guidelines is for

the physical rehabilitation of older residential buildings

with respect to safety and habitability considerations, many of the significant provisions contained in the guidelines consistently refer to the building code for new construction for the specific requirements. Even though the guidelines address some of the needs of existing

neglected, run-down or unsafe buildings that are basically

structurally sound, strict enforcement of the provisions would likely work an undue economic hardship on many owners, developers and builders.

6.2 GUIDELINES FOR HUD REHABILITATION PROJECTS

These HUD guidelines contained in Handbook 4940.4 entitled

"Minimum Design Standards for Rehabilitation for Residential Properties (12] were originally Issued in September 1973.

The guidelines apply to the physical rehabilitation of existing residential properties, from single family dwellings to large multistory, elevator-type apartment buildings,

in all HUD field office jurisdictions. The guidelines do not relieve the property owner, project sponsor, nor

the builder of responsibility for complying with local ordinances, codes, and other building regulations that may also be applicable. This is because HUD's minimum

design standards are intended to cover design and occupancy considerations of neglected and run-down properties and

focus primarily on mortgage insurance considerations (e.g., increased marketability). They are not fully intended to serve in the context of a building code (i.e., primarily

health and safety aspects). The structure and format of

the guidelines is such that the "minimum" requirements are stated mostly in performance terms, with supplementary

guides to good practice contained in accompanying, but separate sections.

5
7.

COMPILATION OF MAJOR CODE AREAS FOR COMPARATIVE

ANALYSIS

As would be expected both the content and style of presentation for each code document deviated extensively.

Also, the treatment and extent of coverage in the context

of specific code provisions varied significantly from code to code. In order to make valid one-on-one com- parisons the code documents had to be dissected and rearranged in a format that would facilitate comparison.

Sixteen major code areas were decided upon based on the overall content of the seven documents. Not all codes

had provisions that addressed all of the major code

areas. Similarly, in those major code areas where provisions existed, the degree and extent of coverage fluctuated from code to code. Even though this uneveness with regard

to the provisions and their extent of coverage can be depicted graphically among the seven code documents, no direct or indirect attempt has been made to rank or grade

the codes. The sixteen major code areas decided upon for

the study are as follows;

1. Structural Requirements

2. Space, Occupancy and Facility Requirements

3. Windows and Doors

4. Stairs, Ramps, Landings, Porches, Balconies

5. Fire Protection/Fire Safety

6. Means of Egress/Exits

7. Light and Illumination

8. Ventilation Requirements

9. Mechanical Requirements

10. Electrical Requirements

11. Plumbing Requirements

12. Health and Sanitation

13. Elevators

14. Chimneys, Vents and Incinerators

15. Noise Abatement Requirements

16. Quality of Materials and Products

The scope of the study is intended to cover all types

of residential occupancies as defined by the codes. However, some of the codes make specific distinctions in the body of their provisions between various types of residential buildings (e.g., one-and two-family dwellings

v^. multiple dwellings). Other codes in this study do not recognize this type of classification with respect to use or size of residential building.

A summary chart listing all major code areas and the subareas

along with a graphic display showing the code areas where

each code document provides at least a minimum level of coverage in its provisions is given in the following tables on pages 7, 8 and 9.
TABLE 1 Major Code Areas for Comparison and Analysis

Subject Matter

ACMA CPC

Hotislou Msinl

N V SflM# Mfwtrl Moiifmg

Cfvr».

UntlrwEn

Code nrnoi

Sid

Code

(sarri)

B.15>C Ptopefiy Meint Code (BOCA)

fidorce

foent Guide

to' Behah

leocA)

HUO

Min Sids

tor Reliflh dSdOd

STRUCTUnAL RFOUlHfMFNTS

Si'uclural Soundness V//////. y/AAAy '!!!!!!!

P )leclion From Weather and Other Elements WzZ. 0 W777y Wm, E rlhquake Haiard Reduction 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wm/. Protection From Termites Oecay. Etc 0 WZa?, 0 ////////y

Exterior Structural Elements Foundations 0

Exterior Structural Elements m7A7< mm*. Wm* 0 ww, Watts 0 0 0

Exterior Structural Elements Roots mm*, Wm^ 0 WW/

WW<< Wm^ Wm, 0 ww, Exterior Structural Elements Appurtenances Waa mm' 0

Interior Space • Dividers - Floors. Walls. Ceilings wm*. Wm/ 0 wW/ 0 WW/> wm^ Wm ww. Thermal Protection 0 0 0 0 0 0 ww. Accessory Strucluies WZ^A 0 0 » 0 0 wmA

SPACE, OCCUPANCY AND facility REQUIREMENTS

Spatial Requirements • Habitable Rooms V/A///a. Z/////// mm/, w// mm/A Spatial Requirements Sleeping Rooms {//////a Wm*. Wm my*, Wm, Spatial Requirments - Kitchens WaZa Wy*,~

Spatial

Spatial Requirements

Requirements - Storage

Ceiling Heights Space WaZ/ ww, yyyyyyA. Wm A7/////. 0 0 0 0 Wy,' Wm. Spatial Requirements Habitable Rooms Below Grade 0 Wm, mm/.

Physical Arrangement of Space Privacy/ Common Access W/A> 0 Wm/< Wm, Wm, Physical Arrangement of Space Efficiency Living Units 0 0 0 0 0 0

Occupancy Limitations - Maximum Occupancy

Occupancy Limitation - Prohibited uses 0 0 0 Wm*. 0 0

Basic Facilities and Equipment Kitchen y////// m/////. Wm, 7mm, WWa Basic Facilities and Equipment - Bathroom WZa Wm. Wm Wy/ mm*, Basic Facilities and Equipment Laundry. Utility. Other * 0 0 0 0 Wa. y//////, WINDOWS

AND DOORS

Exterior Protection. Weather proofing w// 0 0 w/m Thermal Protection 0 0 0 0 0 0 y/////y.

Glasing 0 0 0 yyyyy// 0

Screens mm*,

A/////// 0 0 Wmmm*, 0 yy/yy///.

Hardware' Physical Security WZ^A p 0 y/////A m///// 0

Site ( 0 0 0 0 0 yyyyyyy.

Exrstirtg Conditions 0 0 0 0 0 0 !my/

STAIRS RAMPS

LANDINGS

PORCHES. AND

BALCONIES

Stairways. Ramps. Landings '/////// 0 mm*!*, y/m/y y/yym/.

Handrails. Guardrails Z////A 0 my*, Wm/ 0

Porches and Other Appurtenance 0 0 ymz

legend W////A Code has at leas! one provision addressinq this suhjert area

o

' Code has no provisions afJdressinq this subject area

7
Major Code Areas for Comparison and Analysis (cont.)

Subject Matter

APHA CPC

Housing

Oidinante

N Y Stale Model

Housing Code

Mousing Code

(IC80>

Sid

Code (SBCCn

Basic

Pfopeiiv Mnini Code (60CAI

Code

Enfoice

lor Pehab

IBOCAI

HUO

Min Side

iof Retiab 4940 4

FIRE PROTEC

TION/FIRE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

Basis of Requirements 0 w//y 'Mm mm, mmwmy Fire Resistance/Fire Equipment 0 Wm/ Wm, Fire Protection Systems and Equipment 0 mm. my// wW/ mm/ Wm,

Prohibited Conditions 0 WAa 0 0 WM. 0 0

MEANS OF EGRESS/6XITS

Means of Escape iw// m/y w/// vm/y

Fire Escapes 0 0 0

Exit Signs 0 0 ' 0 Wm, 0 0

LIGHT AND

ILLUMINATION REQUIREMENTS

Natural Light Habitable Rooms WMW//z my'MA y/mm

Natural Light - Non-Habiiable Rooms 0 'mm, 0 m////,

Artificial Light - Habitable Rooms V/////// -"/////// wm. mrnm WW/.

Artificial Light - Non Habitable Rooms mm, Wt/a W//A mm//// m///y W///Z

Ariificial Light - Exterior Areas 0 Wf7/ 0 0 0 0 0

VENTILATION REQUIREMENTS

Natural Natural

Ventilation

Venlilation

- Habitable Non Habitable

Rooms

Roon^s y//M Wm. Wm/ 'AM

*

W/y Wm, mmWW' Mechanical Ventilation Habitable Rooms w//y wyz mm, mm/. mm, WW, Mechanical Ventilation Non- Habitable Rooms 0 Wm// 0 0 'MA 0

Other Building Spaces 0 Wa, 0 0 Wm,

MECHANICAL

REQUIREMENTS

Minimum

Installation

Thermal and ClearancesRequirements WMW*

WAy, V/////Z mm. m/my mm/ W/m, Wm, Wm, Prohibited Safely Controls

Equipment/Fuels mm/ Wm/ mm// 0 wW/ 0 mm. 0 0 '//////// 0 0

Combustion Air Supply 0 mm//. 0 Wm 0 0

Removal of Products of Combustion 0 WT/a 0 Wm 0 0

Existing Conditions 0 0 0 0 0

Mechanical Ventilation/ Climate WW' Control Facilities WMWA,

**my, Wm,

ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS

Electric Service Availability y//m mm7/////y W//z wyyy wyyyy, Electric Service Service Capacity 0 0 0 mm'. ///////,

Electric Service Installation W?/A Wm, Wm, ///////

Electric

Electrical

Service

Facilities

Existing

- Habitable

Conditions Rooms0 0 0 0 mm/ Wmmmy 7mm/ 'A//////, rnmy^ WW, Wm, Wm,,

Eleclricr* Facilities • Kitchens mm/ mW' WAy m//////

Electric} Elecirica Facilities

Facilities

-

- Other

Non-Habitable

Building

Rooms

Spaces mm/A mmWmy WW/ Wm,, AAAZ

mm, mm. Wm, WW/ m////y mW/.

Electrical Facilities • Exterior Areas 0 0 0 0 0 0

LEGEND Code has ac least one provtsion addressing this subject area

0 I Code has no provisions addressiiig this subject area

8
Major Code Areas for Comparison and Analysis (cont.)

Subject Matter

APHA COC

Housing

Matn»

Orrtinanrp

NY Stale Model

Ho«»s»ng Code

Untloirn Housing Code

(ICBO)

Std Housing Code (SBCni

Basic Property Maint Code (BOCA»

Code

Enlorce ment Guide

for Reliab (BOCA)

MUO

Min Sids

for Rehab 4940 4

PLUMBING REOUIREMENTS

Domestic Water Supply and Distribution Sewage Drainage System - Means ol Disposal mv/.

Sewage Drainage System Cleanouts/Maintenance 0 0 0 0

Water

Water

Heating,

Heating. Storage

Storage andand

Distribution

Distribution StorageSupply 77^

Water Heating. Storage and Distribution Safety 0 7

^7^

Plumbing Eixtures • Basic Facilities '{///////. 7777

Plumbing Fixtures - Installation/ Maintenance Wm, 7777 7777

Plumbing Fixtures Existing Conditions 0 0 0 0 0 7777

Plumbing Fixtures Prohibited Uses 0 0 0 0 0

Plumbing Fixtures Water Conservation 0 0 0 0 7777^ 0 0

Water Supply Tanks 0 0 0 0 0 0

Storm Drainage System 0 0

HEALTH AND

SANITATION REQUIREMENTS

Reluse Collection and Disposal 77777/7 0 7> 77/

Harborage ol Insects and Rodents 77

^ 0

Lead Based Paint Maintenance of Sanitary Conditions '///////. y//m

0 W^, 7

^0 0 ELEVATORS Construction, Installation, Maintenance 0 0 0 m//A 0 7777777

CHIMNEYS

VENTS AND

INCINERATORS

Construction, Installation. Maintenance W//7 0 7777777/ 777777 77'77

Factory-Built Chimneys 0 0 0 0 0 0

Spark Arresters 0 0 0 0 0 0

Incinerators 0 0 0 0 0 7777

NOISE ABATEMENT Noise Reduction and Isola 0 m//A 0 0 0 0 77777

QUALITY OE

MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS

Degree ol Conlormance ‘ 7777///^ 0 ^777777/ 0 0 777777/ 777777

Use ol Second-Hand Materials 0 0 0 0 0

Use of Alternate Materials 0 0 0 0 0 0

Relerence Standards/Product Labeling 0 0 0 0 0 7777

LEGEND Code has at least one provision addressing this subject area

Code has no provisions addressing tfiis subject area

9
8. FORMAT OF STUDY AND PRESENTATION OF COMPARATIVE

INFORMATION

The methodology used to carry out the individual code comparisons involved a complete diagnosis of each code document along with aligning corresponding provisions

side-by-side under common subject headings and subheadings

(e.g., "minimum floor area for dwelling units and habitable rooms" under heading "Spatial Characteristics

and Arrangement"). In many cases individual judgments had

to be made about the proper placement of numerous provisions because among the seven code documents there is no consideration gi /ei for consistency of content or unified formats or te minology. This resulted in some discretionary judgments being made on the actual placement of certain code provisions among the sixteen major code

areas as identified in section 7. The sixteen major code

area side-by-side comparisons containing actual or abridged code provisions along with a reference citations

to the specific code section for each provision are given

in appendices A through P of this report.

Salient characteristics of the provisions were further extracted from the comparisons tables in the appendices

for more objective comparison and analysis in a series of tables, - one for each major code area - entitled

Suninary Comparison of Provisions. These summary comparison

tables are organized to show differences in similar provisions among the codes, those code areas where provisions are missing, inconsistencies and contradictions,

if any, among provisions, as well as those areas where the requirements for new construction are referenced. The intent is to point out differences and conflicts among

the provisions and not to grade or classify the code documents themselves. The individual comparisons by

major code area along with a narrative discussion

describing the extent of coverage and the significant

findings in each code are given in sections 9 through

25 of this report.

10
9. COMPARISON OF STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS*

A. Extent of Coverage

The code provisions that have been grouped in this section of the comparison have as their primary purpose the pre- vention of structural failures in existing buildings

along with the protection of building components and occu- pants from weather and other elements. Generally, the housing codes place emphasis upon the visible interior

and exterior parts of a completed dwelling that have a bearing in general terms on the structural soundness,

state of repair and safety of the building during its intended use. The rehabilitation guideline documents and

in particular, the HUD Minimum Design Standards for Rehabilitation for Residential Properties expand on these elements

to include other aspects of refurbishing an existing

building to include such construction related items as earthquake hazard evaluation, thermal protection considerations, (i.e., ceiling, wall, and under floor insulation),

windows and doors, exterior and interior finishes, and the durability aspects of painting and decorating the walls and ceilings.

The provisions in the housing code documents tended to be short general statements relating to structural soundness

or resistance to weather and a e organizationally

located in a smaller chapter )r section generally

entitled "Structural Requirements." The rehabilitation

guideline documents have the corresponding provisions

in a chapter or section entitled "Construction" and

in the case of the HUD document two major chapters of

‘

The summary comparison charts related to Structural Requirements immediately follow this discussion on

pp. y^. Appendix A at the rear of this report contains

the actual (or in some cases abstracted) code provisions along with the appropriate source citation.

text contain requirements and corresponding guidelines

on topics related to this subject area but slanted

toward renovation.

Other sections of this comparative analysis also relate

to or interact with this discussion on structural requirements. These are tables on Windows and Doors (see pp. 37^) and Stairs, Ramps, Landings, Balconies, Porches (see

PP- 4S)-

B . Significant Findings

B. 1 Among Housing Codes

As indicated most of the provisions in the five housing

codes contained general statements about structural soundness and maintenance of safe and weathertight conditions.

Not all of the housing codes addressed every element in the array of subjects in the comparison. (See Summary

Comparison Chart for specific areas of coverage.) Of

the five housing codes, the most extensive direct treat- ment with regard to upkeep and maintenance aspects was that provided by the Basic Property Maintenance Code . The Uniform Housing Code is the only code that verbally

attempts to describe inadequate or faulty conditions in existing buildings by way of the criteria that are provided in its overall definition of a 'substandard

building.' However, the Uniform Housing Code also specifically requires that all structural elements be proportioned and joined in accordance with the stress limitations and design criteria as specified in the building code for new construction. It further emphasizes the requirement by stating that all buildings

shall comply with the applicable requirements of the Building Code, which by definition is the Uni form Building Code . The New York State Model Housing Code

also defers to the corresponding New York State Building

Construction Code for loading criteria of structural elements

.

If
All of the housing codes have some provisions for protecting wood from decay and termite damage except

the APHA-CDC Recomnended Housing Maintenance and Occu- pancy Ordinance , which also does not cover foundations,

exterior walls, or interior walls, floors and ceilings.

The Standard Housing Code does not specifically cover exterior protection from weather and other natural elements. None of the housing codes have any provisions

relative to requiring insulation or other measures for

thermal protection nor do they address earthquake hazard reduction considerations. However, seismic protection may

be covered indirectly by those housing codes that make reference to the building code for new construction.

Two of the housing codes, the APHA-CDC Recotunended Housing Maintenance and Occupancy Ordinance and the Standard Housing Code are the only codes that address accessory structures (e.g., garages, storage buildings,

etc.) on the premises.

B. 2 Between Rehabilitation Guidelines

Note that the provisions on this subject contained in the Code Enforcement Guidelines for Residential Rehabilitation are meager in contrast to those contained

in the HUD Minimum Design Standards for Rehabilitation for Residential Properties and even those in the group of housing codes. The most extensive treatment in the Code Enforcement Guidelines is that given for interior finish requirements of floors, walls and ceilings of rehabilitated

buildings. Other structural components and aspects of rehabilitation construction are not covered at all or are dealt with in very general terms.

The HUD Minimum Design Standards for Rehabilitation

for Residential Properties covers all of the elements con- tained in the comparison and is unique in the fact that

it alone gives consideration to earthquake hazards;

thermal insulation of walls, ceilings and floors; restrictions on abrasive wall finishes in housing for the

elderly; removal of uneconomically repairable exterior

appurtenances or accessory structures; and general treat- ment of interior and exterior finishes.

B.3 Between Housing Codes and Rehabilitation Guidelines

The comparison of structural requirements is one of the most vivid in discerning the different intent of the two igroups of code documents. The housing codes in a somewhat

superficial manner concentrate on maintaining a safe and sound structure and in some cases bring in by reference

the code requirements for new construction. In such cases an almost impossible situation is created. The rehabilitation guideline documents, at least as exemplified

by the HUD Minimum Design Standards for Rehabilitation for Residential Properties address or give consideration to many of the regulatory and economic factors that will affect rehabilitation construction and the serviceability

of such buildings during their expected remaining useful life.
TABLE 2

STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS - SUMMARY COMPARISON OF PROVISIONS

83

I
STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS - Summary Comparison of Provisions

APHA COC RECOMMENDED

SUBJECT MATTER HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE, HOUSING CODE, UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1975 REV, 1974 1979 EDITION (ICBO)

A. STRUCTURAL SOUNDNESS

1. SAFETY AND SERVICEABILITY

a. Provides general requirement on adequacy of structural members

° safe Co use

® capable of supporting loads

® sound condition and good repair

conform to loading criteria in New York St,ate Codes 1/

° stress limitations of accepted standards

° capable of resisting all forces

and loads

° comply with stress limits and design criteria in Building

Code 2/

B. PROTECTION FROM WEATHER AND OTHER

ELEMENTS

1. EXTERIOR PROTECTION

a. Exterior elements whlcli structure sliould resist anti provlce to occupants

° weatlier-tlglit

° water-tlgiit

° damp-free

° decay

° private to occupants

° weather resistant ° weatlier resistant

° exclude dampness

C. EARTHQUAKE HAZARD REDUCTION

1. SEISMIC REDUCTION

a. Provides for evaluation

and strengtiienlng to resist earthquake forces

° per Building Code —

D. PROTECTION FROM TERMITES, DECAY, ETC^

1. PREVENTIVE MEASURES

a. Provide for protection

against Infestation, decay,

etc

.

° YES

- exterior surfaces

- treat witli paint or preservative

° YES

- protect wood per Building Code 2/

NOTES

]/ refers lo Construct ion Code (New York Stnte Division of Housing nncJ Community Renewal)

2/ icfeis to Uniform Building Code (ICBO) 14
STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS - Summary Comparison of Provisions (Cont.)

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARD HOUSING CODE.

1979 EDITION

ISBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

CODE enforcement GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCAj

standards FOR rehabilitation

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERtlES,

FEB. 1978

" show no evidence of deterioration

° capable of carrying loads under

normal use

show no evidence of deterioration

® capable of carrying Imposed loads

® special provision for heavy loads

In non-residentlal occupancies

° exist or restore to a sound condition° sound condition and serviceable

for expected useful life

° repair or replace to original

sound condition

“ Protect occupants from environment

° promote liealth and safety

° weather-tight ” corrosion

" decay

“ resistance to the elements

° reasonable durability

° economy of maintenance

° YES 3/

- condition assessment

- necessary strengthening of con- nections and striictiiraT elements

" YES

- exterior wood surface

- treat witli paint or preservat i ve

” YES

- structural members

- free of deterioration

- prevent decay, deterioration

In basement and crawl spaces

” YES

- Inspect for termite Infestation

- correct any structural damage

NOTES

J/ In Seismic /.one I of Seismic Risk m.nps cotiln iiteil in IlIID's Minimum rropert^r St.-lnd.-inls ( IlilD ''iSOO.i niid ''4910 . 1 )

15
STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS - Summary Comparison of Provisions (Cont.)

SUBJECT MATTER

APHA CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE,

1975 REV,

NEW YORK STATE MODEL

HOUSING CODE,

1974

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION (ICBO)

E. EXTERIOR STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

1. FOUNDATIONS

a. Requirements for foundations

° maintain so that water does

not pen'etrate

° noncompliance leads to sub- standard building 4/

2. EXTERIOR WALLS

a. Requirements for exterior

walls

ROOFS

a. Requirements for roofs ° proper drainage of storm water ° maintain In watertight condition ° if defective or unable to carry

load, leads to substandard

building 4/

A. APPURTENANCES/DECORATIVE

FEATURES

a. Contains provisions on structural safety of appurtenances and other building features

° YES

- safe to use

- structurally sound

° YES

- maintained safe and sound

NOTES

A/ by defi/iltlon

16
Summary Comparison of Provisions (Cont.)

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

(BOCAj FEB. 1978

” capable of support ItiR load

" maintain In safe manner

" capable of supporting loads

° free from cracks and breaks

“ support for all loads

° prevent entrance of water

° repair defects

free of holes, breaks, etc.

" not admit dampness

° siding kept In good repair

° free of holes, breaks, etc.

° not admit dampness

” maintain weatherproofed

° surface coated to prevent deteri- oration

° repair or replace defective walls

° walls to be free of holes, breaks, etc

.

“ structurally sound

° maintained watertight

° structurally sound

° maintained watertight

° adequate drainage

° roof drainage per applicable

code

” watertight

° durable

° dispose of water

” flashing required

° repair to new construction standards

® YF.S - safe to usp

- capable of supporting load

” YES

- proper anchorage

- maintain In a safe condition

- protect against decay by pro- tective treatments

° YES

- remove deteriorated or uneconomical structures

STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS -

STANDARD HOUSING CODE, BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

1979 edition code, 1978 EDITION

(SBCCI) (BOCA)

17
STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS - Summary Comparison of Provisions (Cont.)

APHA COC RECOMMENDED

SUBJECT MATTER HOUSING MAINTENANCE

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE,

1975 REV,

NEW YORK STATE MODEL

HOUSING CODE,

1974

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

'1979 EDITION |ICB0)

F. INTERIOR SPACE DIVIDERS

1. FLOORS, WALLS, CEILINGS

a. Requirements for floors,

walls, ceilings

° Protect and maintain to resist deterioration

° laundry 'and bathroom floors to be watertight

° eliminate peeling paint, etc.

° defective or unsafe conditions

lead to substandard building

G. THERMAL PROTECTION

1. INSUlJlTION FOR HEATED AREAS

a. Provides for specific measures for minimum thermal protection

H. ACCESSORY STRUCTURES

1. STRUCTURAL CONDITION

a. Requirements for accessory structures not integral to dwelling

° structurally sound

° maintained In good repair

° weather resistant

NOTES

;

A/ by definition

18
STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS - Summary Comparison of Provisions (Cont.j

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARD HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION

(SBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCA)

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

TOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES.

FEB. 1978

cnpable of supporting load

“ maintained In sound condition

° kitchen and bathroom floor to be substantially watertight

° maintain In good condition

° eliminate peeling paint, etc.

° kitchen and bathroom floors to be substantially watertight

° specific provisions for floors In rehabilitated buildings

“ finish surfaces of walls and

cel lings

° specific provisions for floors an! partitions In rehabilitated

buildings

° finish surfaces of walls and ceilings

° special provisions In housing for the elderly

° YES

- celling insulation

- floor Insulation

- wall Insulation

“ structurally sound

" maintained In good repair ° remove deteriorated or un- economical structures
n^,m

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v.v.TM' '

*»'*u»m »»' '•**• •*i>'»»»«^ >n»>««t*'ji 1^ ,'j.,-..3Tfl^ffi 51***

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-rr *4=rsrr^ap----rjm .,

i,.: jt.i£T- j.

^Vi>' „ -“'•^iwiljk. nmm - ^ „:|j,

K«c . -'( ->-1^

1< ( nJSi^if I**- ,v, M»jt "»• ..*.* 'i' * •• *

,4Hfr "i,;

c.-':

Beat-" '*>r:gs^'*''

•-;; ':t.

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'

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- fgi;!*'aa^?iisiiK^

tM><qi 'MiT

.y<l‘ »

yr.

'mi^-

U
10. COMPARISON OF SPACE, OCCUPANCY AND FACILITY REQUIREMENTS

A. Extent of Coverage

The code provisions within this section of the comparison

are primarily intended to set maximum density standards within dwellings and to prescribe minimum kitchen, bathroom and laundry equipment and facilities that are intended to fulfill the basic sanitary needs of occupants.

Generally, occupant density is indirectly established by

requiring a specific minimum floor area for habitable

rooms along with spaces for other domestic activities

(sleeping, cooking, etc.) or in some cases it is based on number of habitable rooms per dwelling unit. Another method is a restriction on the number of basic families

or occupants and guests permitted within any one dwelling

unit. Other spatial factors covered include requirements

for minimum ceiling heights, storage space, etc.

All of the code documents examined have specific spatial

and basic equipment requirements in this category of

the comparative analysis. It is probably the one area of comparison in this study where there is a great deal of similiarity among the codes with some provisions while with others provisions in this subject area considerable

differences exist.

The summary comparison charts related to Space, Occupancy

and Facility Requirements immediately follow this dis- cussion on pp. 25. Appendix B at the rear of this report containsTbe actual (or in some cases abstracted)

code provisions along with the appropriate source citation.

B . Significant Findings

B. 1 Among Housing Codes

Occupancy of dwelling units based on total habitable room floor area determines total number of occupants allowed according to the provisions for three of the housing

codes ( APHA-CDC Recommended Housing Maintenance and Occupancy Ordinance , Standard Housing Code , and BaTic Property Maintenance Code ). The amount of floor space required in habitable rooms is 150 square feet for the first person and 100 square feet for each additional person

in each of these three codes. The other two housing codes. New York State Model Housing Code and the Uniform Housing

Code , based on their provisions on the premise that a dwel ling unit must have at least one habitable room and such habitable room must have a minimum floor area of

150 square feet irregardless of number of occupants.

These two approaches at determining dwelling unit occupancy standards and spatial values are a major departure in regulatory intent among the housing codes. These approaches

along with many other values established by these code provisions exemplify the arbitrary approach of establishing what amounts to irrational values for housing requirements. These two codes also specify a minimum horizontal dimension for the habitable room, but one specifies ten feet dimension and the other a minimum dimension of seven

feet. The other three codes do not cover minimum horizontal dimensions for their habitable rooms.

Rooms to be used for sleeping purposes also have minimum

floor area requirements. These apply presumably when the dwelling unit contains more than one required habitable

room, but this is not clear in the descriptive format

of the codes. These floor areas are also prescribed on the basis of number of occupants except in the case of

the New York State Model Housing Code where 80 square

feet is assumed (due to lack of clarity) to apply to

21
sleeping rooms regardless of number of occupants. The other codes specify an area of 70 square feet for the first occupant, except the Uniform Housing Code which

allows two occupants in the same 70 square feet room. Minimum horizontal dimensions of seven feet for sleeping rooms are given by only two codes (New York State

Model Housing Code and Uniform Housing Code ).

The housing codes treat kitchen areas with considerable

variation. Some codes (Uniform Housing Code , Standard

Housing Code ) do not have a specific floor area require- ment while the APHA-CDC Recommended Housing Maintenance

and Occupancy Ordinance simply states that an "area adequate for circulation and required equipment" be provided. The New York State Model Housing Code requires a minimum floor area of 60 square feet with a minimum horizontal dimension of seven feet for kitchens. The Basic Property Maintenance Code requires a kitchen

area of 50 square feet for the first five occupants and 60 square feet for six or more occupants.

Ceiling height requirements for habitable rooms also differ among the provisions examined. Two codes have a seven feet minimum, two specify 7-1/2 feet, and another

requires 7-1/3 feet. There is agreement among four of

the five codes on the minimum fraction of floor area and clear ceiling height for rooms with sloping ceilings to qualify as habitable rooms. All specify that at least one-half of the floor area of such rooms must meet the minimum ceiling height requirement; but the Basic Property Maintenance Code reduces the fractional floor

area requirement to one third of the area. The codes

are consistent in disallowing any portion of the room with ceiling heights less than five feet from being

considered as part of the required area for habitable

space.

Only the APHA-CDC Recommended Housing Maintenance and Occupancy Code gives any consideration to requiring

storage space in the dwelling. All the housing codes,

except the Uniform Housing Code , address the possible

use of rooms below grade to be recognized as habitable

space. There is some variation and inconsistencies in the conditions by which each of these four codes allow or restrict the use of such spaces for habitable rooms.

Certain dwelling unit limitations on the physical arrangement

of spaces for privacy and restricting access to or through

'bathrooms and sleeping rooms are given for four of the housing codes. The provisions are generally consistent

but have some minor variations (e.g., two of the four address separation of dwelling units and the other two do not). The Uniform Housing Code does not cover this subject at a1 1 . The Uniform Housing Code , however, is the only code to provide for an exception in it's provisions to cover the special space requirements of efficiency type

living units in apartment houses.

Some of the codes have additional criteria on limiting

the number of occupants in a dwelling unit to prevent overcrowded and unsafe conditions. The APHA-CDC Recommended

Housing Maintenance and Occupancy Ordinance stipulates that

the maximum occupancy be based either on family size or number of habitable rooms.

The New York State Model Housing Code has graduated occupancy limitations based on total floor area of habitable rooms as does the Basic Property Maintenance

Code which provides a tabular breakdown of number of pro^le allowed per the floor areas of various rooms (i.e.,

living, dining, kitchen, bedrooms). Only two of the codes,

the New York State Model Housing Code and the Basic Property Maintenance Code contain specific restrictions

which disallow kitchens to be used as sleeping rooms.

The New York State Model Housing Code also prohibits

the use of cellers as habitable space and prohibits

certain objectionable home occupants (e.g., those which produce offensive noise vibration, smoke, dust,

odor, heat, or other objectionable effects).
The basic facilities and equipment covered by the housing codes include primarily the kitchen and bathroom

plumbing fixtures and other amenities. The codes were consistent in the installed plumbing equipment required

for bathrooms, but the coverage for kitchen facilities

varied significantly. Two codes, the Uniform Housing

Code and the Basic Property Maintenance Code , only

required a sink, the Standard Housing Code a sink and stove, and the other two stipulating sink, stove, refrigerator and even cabinets and countertops in the case of the APHA-CDC Recommend ?d Housing Maintenance

and Occupancy Ordinance . This latter code was the only one that also required a safe storage area for drugs

and poisons.

B. 2 Between Rehabilitation Guidelines

The two rehabilitation guideline documents treat the spatial requirements of habitable rooms, sleeping rooms,

and kitchens differently. In the Code Enforcement

Guidelines for Residen t ial Rehabilitation , the minimum

floor areas are left up to those prescribed by local regulations. The HUD Minimum Standards for Rehabilitation

for Residential Properties sets its minimum room areas based on the number of bedrooms in living units. These minimum room spaces are given for subdividing space in existing buildings or for the construction of new rooms. The HUD provisions also allow for acceptance of unremodeled existing rooms where they are considered of adequate size and arrangement for the Intended function

by proper authorities.

The two rehabilitation guideline documents treat the issue of minimum ceiling heights somewhat differently. ‘ The HUD document proposes that the ceiling heights be such that they will permit the average person to move

about comfortably and create no unpleasant sensation and suggests as a guide that minimum heights be 7-1/2 feet.

The Code Enforcement Guidelines for Residential

Rehabi 1 i tation prescribes a minimum of seven feet.

The two documents are in apparent conflict on the issue

of recognizing a portion of those spaces with sloping

ceilings as habitable rooms if they satisfy some minimum

fractional floor area criteria regarding clear ceiling

height. The HUD Minimum Standards do not provide for such situations, which are quite common in existing

buildings, while the Code Enforcement Guidelines document

follows the pattern of most of the housing codes by

requiring at least one-half of the floor area to meet the minimum clear ceiling height requirement.

Both of the rehabilitation guideline documents have provisions requiring space be provided for closets and storage in dwellings. They each also address the situation of allowing space below grade to be used as habitable

rooms. The rehabilitation guidelines are not as flexible

in their treatment for such allowance as are the housing

codes. They both require such space to satisfy all the requirements for normal habitable rooms - particularly

with regard to the light and ventilation requirements in the case of th HUD Minimum Standards .

The two rehabilitation guidelines generally agree on the treatment of privacy and physical arrangement of spaces

and units. They also are generally in accord on their respective provisions for space and utility hook-up for kitchen and bathroom equipment and facilities and that separate space be provided for laundry facilities. In housing for the elderly, the HUD Minimum Standards has additional accessibility and equipment requirements for kitchens and bathrooms.

B.3 Between Housing Codes and Rehabilitation Guidelines

Compared to all other code disciplines or subjects, both classes of code document devote most of the content of
their provisions to this subject area. Overall, there

are several areas of the comparison where dissimilarities

are prevalent (e.g., spatial criteria, storage space) or where requirements exist for the rehabilitation guidelines but are not considered by the housing codes. The opposite is also true— some of the housing code requirements

are not covered in the rehabilitation guideline documents

(e.g., prohibited uses, efficiency living units). The depth and extent of the differences are not that significant

when considered in light of the different purposes of the

two classes of documents, however.

j

I

\

i

1

I

24
TABLE 3

SPACE, OCCUPANCY AND FACILITY REQUIREMENTS - SUMMARY COMPARISON OF PROVISIONS

25
SPACE, OCCUPANCY AND FACILITY REQUIREMENTS - Summary Comparison of Provisions

APHA COC RECOMMENDED

SUBJECT MATTER HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE, HOUSING CODE. UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1975 REV, 1974 1979 EDITION |ICB0)

A. SPATIAL REQUIREMENTS

1. HABITABLE ROOMS

a. Minimum floor area (sq. ft.) for habitable rooms in dwelling unit

° 150 for first occupant

° 100 for every additional occupant

l! 2!

° at least one habitable room per dwelling with minimum 150 sq. ft. floor area

“ at least one habitable room per dwelling unit with minimum 150

sq .• f t . floor area

b. Minimum liorizonCal room

<J imension ( f t .

)

° 10 ft. ° 7 ft.

2. SLEEPING ROOMS

a. Minimum floor area (sq. ft.) for rooms occupied for sleeping purposes

° 70 for first occupant

° 50 for every additional occupant 4/

00 o rr ° 70 for first and second occupant

° 50 for every additional occupant

b. Minimum horizontal room dimension (ft .

)

° 7 ft. ° 7 ft.

3. KITCHENS

a. Minimum floor area (sq. ft.)

for kitchen

° area adequate for circulation and required e<iulpment 6/ 7/° 60 ft. ° provide a kitchen 7/

H(J 1 ES

1/ [jrov 1 s] on , al so used as alternate netliod for determining maximum occupancy of dwelling

2/ floor space to be calculated on tlie basis of total habitable room area

4/ applies to dwelling units of two or more rooms

5/ assumed to apply to sleeping rooms

6/ may be separated room or portion of a room

7/ no minimum floor area given

26
SPACE, OCCUPANCY AND FACILITY REQUIREMENTS - Summary Comparison of Provisions (Cont.)

HUD 4940.4, Minimum

STANDARD HOUSING CODE.

1979 EDITION

ISBCCII

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

IBOCA)

CODE enforcement GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

|B0CA|

standards for rehabilitation

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

° 150 for first occupant

” 100 for every additional occupant 2/

° 150 for first occupant

° 100 for every additional occupant

2/

® nHnjmum area as reqLilred by local code or ordinance

space necessary for suitable

living, sleeping, cooking, and dining

° 1^0 sq . ft. living room for 1 & 2 bedroom units 3/

° 150 sq. ft. living room for 3 or more bedroom units 3/

° 10 ft 3/

” 70 for first occupant

“ 50 for every additional occupant

° 70 for first occupant

° 50 for every additional occupant

° minimum area as required by local code or ordinance

° 70 for single bed 3/

“ 110 for double bed 3/

° 7 ft. for single bed 3/

° 8 2/3 ft. for double bed 3/

" provide a kitchen area 7/

° 50 for 1 to 5 occupants

° 60 for 6 or more occupants

” minimum area as required by local code or ordinance^ 50 for 1 & 2 bedroom units 3/

° 60 for 3 or more bedroom units

3/

NOTES

;

2/ floor space to he calculated on the basis of total habitable room area

3/ room sizes are minimum for subdividing of existing spaces or for construction of new rooms. Un remodeled existing rooms where considered of

adepiiate size and arrangement for the Intended function by the proper authority are acceptable.

7/ no minimum floor area given yi
SPACE, OCCUPANCY AND FACILITY REQUIREMENTS - Summary Comparison of Provisions (Cont.)

SUBJECT MATTER

APHA CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE.

1975 REV.

NEW YORK STATE MODEL

HOUSING CODE,

1974

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION (ICBO)

b. Mininuim horizontal room dimension (ft .

° 7 ft.

4. CEILING HEIGHTS

a. Minimum required celling

height for habitable rooms

° 7 ft.

}

” 7 1/2 ft. ° 7 1/2 ft. 3/

° 7 ft. for kitchens, halls, bathrooms 8/

b. Minimum floor area and celling height for habitable rooms with sloping

celling

° 1/2 of floor area to be minimum

height

° heights less tlian 5 ft. not con- sidered

° 1/2 of floor area to be minimum

height

° heights less than 5 ft. not con- sidered

° 1/2 of floor area to be minimum

height

° helglits less than 5 ft. not con- sidered

5. STORAGE SPACE

a. Minimum space requirement

for closets and storage

° floor area of 4 sq. ft. of floor -to-celling height per occupant

6. HAUITABLE ROOMS BELOW GRADE

a. Restrictions on use of space below grade for habitable

rooms

° up to 4 ft. or less below grade

° subject to approval of authorities

° floor level no more than 4 ft. below grade

° conform to definition of "base- ment"

MO res

V room sizes are mlnlnmm for subdividing of existing spaces or for construction of new rooms. Un remodeled existing rooms where considered of

ade'|uate pize and arrangement for the Intednded function by the proper authority are accetable.

8/ spacing of exposed beam celling members determines method of measurement

28
SPACE, OCCUPANCY AND FACILITY REQUIREMENTS - Summary Comparison of Provisions (Cont.)

STANDARD HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION

iSBCCII

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE. 1978 EDITION IBOCA)

HUD 4940.4, minimum

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES STANDARDS FDR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILlTATIDN FOR NESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

(BOCA) LEB. 197B

° 5 1/3 ft. 3/

° 7 ft. ° 7 1/3 ft. ° 7 ft. ° permit average person to move

about comfortably (Oulde suggest 7 1/2 ft.)

° 1/2 of floor nrefl to be minimum

height

° heights less than 5 ft. not consIHerecI

° 1/3 of floor area to be minimum

of 7 ft. 9/

° heights less than 5 ft. not con- sidered 9/

° 1/2 of floor area to be minimum

height

° heights less than 5 ft. not con

side red

° suggests that no portion of celling be less than 7 ft.

° 100 cubic ft. per dwelling unit ° closet space In bedrooms

° general storage for each living

unit

° floor and walls Impervious to leakage

'' window areas meet light and ventilation requirement

” window area above grade

® openable window area

° floors and walls to be watertight

° window area, openable area and celling height In compliance

” window area above grade

° satisfy all code requirements

for habitable rooms

° satisfy same standards as for rooms above grade - particularly w/r to light and ventilation requirements

NOTFS

3/ room sIzpr are minimum for subdividing of existing spaces or for construction of new rooms, linremodeled existing rooms where considered of adequate slxe and arrangement for t >e Intended function by the proper authority are acceptable.

9/ applicable to attics or top half-stories

29
SPACE, OCCUPANCY AND FACILITY REQUIREMENTS

Summary Comparison of Provisions (Cont.)

APHA-COC RECOMMENDED

SUBJECT MATTER HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE, HOUSING CODE,

1975 REV, 1974

B. PHYSICAL ARRANGEMENT OF SPACES

1. PRIVACY /COMMON ACCESS

a. Contains provisions on privacy, common access and separation of units

° YES

- privacy

- common access

” YES

- privacy

- common access

- separation of units

2. EFFICIENCY LIVING UNITS

a. Contains provisions for efficiency type living unit;

° YES

- for efficiencies within an apartment house

C. OCCUPANCY LIMITATIONS

1. MAXIMUM OCCUPANCY

a. Contains provisions that limit occupancy or prevent

overcrowding

° YES

- maximum occupancy per dwelling

unit

° Yes

- based on size of habitable rooms

° LIMITED

- defines substandard building

2. PROHIBITED USES

a. Specifically restricts certain uses

° YES

- sleeping in kitchen, etc.

- cellar space as habitable rooms

- certain home occupant ions

U. BASIC FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT

I . K£TCIII^N a. required kitchen facilities “ sink

° cabinets/shelves

° countertop or table

° stove

° refrigerator

° sink

“ stove

° refrigerator 11/

° other 12/

° sink

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE, ~ '1979 EDITION |ICB0)

HOI Kf;

11/ u«r» nf wnt rir-rnr>l prl a^ci P r I L or I f o 1 1 o I; 1 on

*2/ |>r(.vl<lcs spcciri.- klul.cii e<|.ili)m<Mit r(i<|u I ri-iiitnlH lot (:<)imniiii;i 1 k I toluMlS Ml
SPACE. OCCUPANCY AND FACILiTY REQUIREMENTS

Summary Comparison of Provisions (Cont.)

STANDARD HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION

(SBCCII

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE. 1978 EDITION

|B0CA|

HUD 4940.4, Minimum

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES STANDARDS EOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

IBOCA) FEB. 1978

°YES

- prtvncy

- common nccess

° YES

- privacy

- common access

- separation of units

° YES

- privacy

- common access

° YES

- privacy

- common access

- separation of units

° LIMITED

- prohibits use based on code

compl i ance

° YES

- maximum occupancy

- overcrowd InR

° LIMITED

- based on building sixe and

light and ventilation

° LIMITED

(

“ YES

- sleeping In kitchen, etc.

s ink

° stove

° sink ° sink

° countertop

" stove 10/

° refrigerator 10/

° sink

° countertop

° stove 10/

“ refrigerators 10/

° other 13/

-I'vrr.f;: In/ r»rr^w cr.nr'r* tiuI rnniiiror! ill I 1 I P hoolf—iin for ! n T n 1 1 n P I on nf Qiirli .TnnllAnrrn

I ;/ provitlc'. .iilfl i t I nii.i I rf<|M I roiiK’nt s for lioiiqinR imilf; for I he plderly

31
SPACE, OCCUPANCY AND FACILITY REQUIREMENTS - Summary Comparison of Provisions (Cont.)

APHA CDC RECOMMENDED

SUBJECT MATTER HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND DCCUPANCY DRDINANCE, HOUSING CODE. UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1975 REV, 1974 ~ 1979 EDITION (ICBO)

2. BATHROOM

a. Required bathroom facilities

° flush water closet

° lavatory sink

° bathtub or shower

° water closet

“ lavatory

“ bathtub or shower

° water closet

° lavatory

° bathtub or shower

3. LAUNDRY, UTILITY AND OTHER FACILITIES

a. Specifically requires other

types of facilities

° YES

- safe storage of drugs and poisons

I

i

i

1

I

32
SPACE, OCCUPANCY AND FACILITY REQUIREMENTS - Summary Comparison of Provisions (Cont.)

i

Hud 4940. 4, MmiMuM

standards tor rehabilitation

TOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

TEB. 1978

° water closet

° lavatory

° bathtub or shower

° other 14/

° water closet

° lavatory

° bathtub or shower

° water closet

° lavatory

° bathtub or shower

” water closet

° lavatory

° bathtub or shower

° other 13/

° YES

- laundry facilities

° YES

- laundry facilities

STANDARD HOUSING CODE.

1979 EDITION

(SBCCII

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 197B EDITION

(BOCAj

CODE enforcement GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

IBOCA)

NOTES

13 / provides nddltlonal requirements I jr housing units for the elderly

14/ contains additional requirements regarding privacy, accessibility and minimum floor area of bathroom

33
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,v 'W« ''

•'S'' 'T

16 *

fc»»vw>i» v^’<l^*•*^**^ * \ii >*<«/• ^

, ^.b.1 . . I . II ^O , |I >1—'*"

Til 4» 5-^ WAIT'

,J. «

Pf ^ “ ^ ' J'^ 1

* • «

f .1

i»j

Si? _ r.

-nip ..NWfPilhAw,;

* !•?.

' .Jr «•.- M ;^- V IWvi

' l.i',.

' .iri"

! li -’.'5(t'''

' Viif-

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'.S'* * ./ I

....»’ "

•*r, 1#!(r

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' ii

' '
11. COMPARISON OF WINDOWS AND DOORS*

A. Extent of Coverage

As a separate building element, windows and doors do not receive extensive coverage with regard to such factors as exterior protection, energy conservation, maintenance of glazing or physical security among the codes studied except for the HUD Rehabilitation Standards . This may

result from the fact that windows and other exterior

openings are subject to other interrelated code require- ments and considerations. Certain of these other provisions bearing on windows, doors, and other exterior

openings are summarized in other accompanying comparison

tables. These include the tables on requirements for natural light (see pp. 63^), natural ventilation (see pp.

71 ) , and means of egress/exits (see pp. ^). The Uniform

Housing Code does not address any of the provisions on windows and doors compared in this summary chart and the

New York State Model Housing Code covers only one issue

(i.e., weathertightness) superficially. The Code Enforcement Guidelines for Residential Rehabilitation

coverage is limited to sizes of doors and scuttle openings.

It specifically does not address any of the other issues on windows covered by this part of the analysis. None of the codes had a major section or subsection of their content

devoted exclusively to windows and doors. The provisions on windows and doors that are compared in this chart were

The summary comparison charts relating to Windows and ‘ Doors immediately follow this discussion on pp. Appendix C at the rear of this report contains t(^

actual (or in some cases abstracted) code provisions

along with the appropriate source citation.

included under a mix of other headings (e.g., "Structural,"

"Safe and Sanitary Maintenance," etc.) within the organization and content of the various codes.

B. Significant findings

B . 1 Among Housing Codes

The major concern of the APHA-CDC Recommended Housing

Ordinance is on health and sanitation by requiring screens

on openings to exclude insects while the Standard Housing

Code and the Basic Property Maintenance Code cover protection from wind, rain, water and other weather elements as well as entry of rodents. While some of the codes specify

locking devices for exterior doors, the Basic Property

Maintenance Code is the only one of the codes that requires exit doors to be easily opened from the inside without a key

for emergency egress.

It appears that the approach and extent of coverage provided

by the Standard Housing Code and the Basic Property

Maintenance Code in the treatment of this building element

is quite similar, with the latter being a bit more extensive

regarding exterior protection (particularly regarding base- ment windows and hatchways) and physical security.

B.2 Between Rehabilitation Guidelines

The Code Enforcement Guidelines for Residential Rehabilitation limits itself to size of doors and dimensions

of scuttle openings to attics or crawl spaces whereas the HUD Rehabilitation Standards covers thermal protection,

glazing, security, and some general guidance on making

decisions for existing windows and doors. The minimum door heights and minimum access opening of scuttles suggested by each code differ as follows:
Minimum Door Height

Minimum Access Opening

Code Enforcement Guidelines for

Rehabi 1 i tation

6 ‘ 8

"

18" X 22"

HUD Rehabilitation

Standards

6 ' 6

"

14" X 22"

It should be noted that in its performance context, the HUD Rehabilitation Standard requires openings to be of such a size so that furniture and equipment can fit through.

General agreement exists between the two codes on door

widths, however, the HUD document includes separate minimum

requirements for interior and exterior doors in housing for

the elderly.

In other areas of coverage, the HUD Rehabilitation Standards

requires various energy cconservation measures during

building rehabilitation for glazing and doors tailored to local climatic conditions in those areas having more than 4500 annual winter degree days. The U-values to be attained

through such corrective measures are the same as for new construction in the particular region of the country.

The traditional healti, and sanitation issues (i.e.,

protection from insects, rodents, etc.) of windows and doors

are not covered extensively in the rehabilitation guideline documents studies. The HUD Rehabilitation Standards give

superficial treatment to the requirement for screens on openings

.

B. 3 Between Housing Codes and Rehabilitation Guidelines

The overall emphasis on the treatment of windows and doors appears to be significantly different between these two classes of documents. The housing codes are primarily

concerned with health and sanitation from insect and rodent

entry and maintaining protection from the customary elements

of weather. In contrast, the rehabilitation guidelines

address minimum physical sizes of openings and the HUD

document, in particular, stresses almost exclusively various measures for achieving thermal performance.
TABLE 4

WINDOWS AND DOORS - SUMMARY COMPARISON OF PROVISIONS
WINDOWS AND DOORS - Summary Comparison of Provisions

APHA-CDC RECOMMENDED

SUBJECT MATTER HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE. HOUSING CODE, UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1975 REV, 1974 1979 EDITION (ICBO)

A. WINDOWS, DOORS AND OTHER ACCESS OPENINGS

1. EXTERIOR FROTECTION/WEATllER- PROOFING

a. Exterior elements which doors

and windows should preclude

from entering dwelling

° insects 1/

J

® weather

b. Means of accomplishing pro- tection

° construction

° screens

° self-closing devices

° maintain weathertight

2. THERMAL PROTECTION

a. Provides for specific measures

for minimum thermal protect ion

T. GLAZING

a. Requires undamaged glazing

NCJI ES

1/ exclude Insects during that portion of the year when there Is need for protection

38
WINDOWS AND DOORS - Summary Comparison of Provisions (Cont.)

HUD 4940.4, Minimum

STANDARD HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION

jSBCCI)

basic property maintenance

CODE. 1978 edition

IBOCA)

CODE enforcement GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCA)

standards FOR REHABILITATION

FOR residential PROPERTIES.

Feb. 1978

“ weather

° water

” rodents

° wind

° rain

” wind

° rodents 2/

° surface water 2/

° reduce air Infiltration

** maintenance

** proper fit

° construction

° maintenance

° proper fit

° weather-stripping

° rodent-proof shields 2/

° storm windows 2/

° weather-stripping

° caulking

° YES y

- storm doors

- storm windows

- Insects

- insulating glass

° YES - full glass or approved

substitute

° YES - full glass ° YES - replace defective glass

NOTES : 2/ h.iBement or cellar wl.ndowB and hatchways

3/ applies for all habitable heated areas In locations having more than 6500 annual winter degree days

39
WINDOWS AND DOORS - Summary Comparison of Provisions (Cont.)

APHA-CDC RECOMMENDED

SUBJECT MATTER HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE. HOUSING CODE. pFORM HOUSING CODE,

1975 REV, 1974 1979 EDITION (ICBO)

l*. SCREENS

a. Requires screens and openings ° YES

- exterior doorways used for ventilation

- windows below certain height

- openings at ground level

}

5. IIARUWARE/PIIYSICAL SECURITY

a. Covers hardware, physical

security, locking devices for exterior openings

° YES

- locking devices for all exterior

doors

6. SIZE

a. Prescribes minimum sizes for doors, windows and other openings

EXISTINC CONUITIONS

a. Provide guidance on repairs

or replacement of existing

doors and windows.

40
WINDOWS AND DOORS - Summary Comparison of Provisions (Cont.)

STANDARD HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION

(SBCCII

basic property maintenance

CODE. 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

jBOCAl FEB. 1978

° YES

- exterior doors (with self- closing device)

- all windows used for ventilation

° YES

- doors and windows used for ventilation

- not required above fifth floor

- not for doors required to swing

out

° YES

- all windows, doors and other openings

- does not apply In regions where customarily not needed

° YES

- hardware for windows that supply light and ventilation

- proper hardware for exterior doors

° YES

- hardware for windows

- door locks In good repair

- exit doors to be easily opened

from Inside without a key

° YES

- locking devices on exterior

doors, bath and toilet compartment doors.

- replace defective locking

mechanisms

- window hardware

' YES

- minimum dimensions given for

° Interior and exterior doors

” scuttle to attic

° YES

- adequate to admit furniture and equipment

- Interior and exterior doors kj

- suggests min. sizes for other doors and access suttles

° YES

- suggests bases for making repair,

replace or reflnlsh determinations

NOTES

l\l In lioDsInR for elderly, mlnlnuim door widths required

41
12. COMPARISON OF STAIRS, RAMPS, LANDINGS, PORCHES, BALCONIES*

A. Extent of Coverage

This segment of the comparative analysis covers those require- ments that relate to the structural integrity, serviceability,

and maintenance of stairs, ramps, and landings; the need for handrails and guardrails to prevent falls; and the condition

of existing porches and other exterior appurtenances with

regard to occupant safety. Only five of the seven codes involved in this comparison contained provisions specifically

addressing these built elements. Of the two that do not have provisions, one, the Code Enforcement Guidelines for Residential Rehabilitation , requires conformity to the building code requirements for new construction and another,

the Uniform Housing Code, does not address these subjects at

all.

In the organizational format of the various codes, the subject matter on stairs, ramps, landings, porches, and balconies can be found in a number of different places. Some treat it in the section on basic structural provisions,

others are inclined toward treating parts of the subject with

the requirements on exits or means of egress and one includes

it with the spatial aspects of building planning and layout. For purposes of this study the relevant provisions dealing

with structural condition, maintenance, and serviceability

have been consolidated as a separate subject. Some interThe sumnary comparison charts relating to Stairs, Landings,

Porches, Balconies immediatel ' follow this discussion on

pp. Appendix D at the re ir of this report contains the

actual (or in some cases abstracted) code provisions

along with the appropriate source citation.

related aspects dealing with emergency egress may also be included in the summary comparison tables on "Means of Egress/Exits" found on pp. ^ of this report.

B. Significant Findings

B. 1 Among Housing Codes

The four housing codes that have provisions dealing with

stairways generally require that they provide safe ascent

and descent and be capable of supporting the load normally

imposed on them and be kept in good repair. No minimum

stair or landing widths are specified. The requirements

generally apply to both inside and outside stairways. Only

the APHA-CDC Recommended Housing Maintenance and Occupancy

Ordinance specifically requires riser/tread uniformity

throughout the run of the stair. The Basic Property Maintenance Code makes reference to the building code on matters

of stair and exit facilities. It also requires replacement

of worn treads and risers. The New York State Model Housing

Code simply requires that the treads, risers, and landings

be arranged and proportioned to provide safe ascent and descent. This code also covers stairway access to roofs by means of scuttles and requires that the door be readily

openable from the interior without the use of a key or other

tools

The codes in general require structurally sound handrails

and guardrails be use used where needed to keep occupants

from falling from such areas as open landings and stairs. Some variation was noted among the codes on handrail require- ments and guardrail heights as indicated by the following

data

42
Minimum No. of Steps

Requiring

Handrails

Maximum Height

Above Adjacent

Area for Guardrails At Open Spaces

APHA/CDC Recommended Ordinance

4 risers

or more

36 inches

NY State Model Housing Code one side of

all stairways

all open portions

Standard Housing

Code

4 risers or more

30 inches

Basic Property

Maintenance

3 risers

or more

30 inches

Code

Uniform Housing -- no requirements given -- Code

Only the New York State Model Housing Code specifies a minimum height above the landing or the stairway tread for handrails or guardrails. Both the Standard Housing Code and

the Basic Property Maintenance Code defer to the respective

building code on the matter of handrail or guardrail location.

Specific provisions for railings or parapet walls on porches,

roofs, ramps, etc., are given only in the New York State

Model Housing Code .

Generally subjective provisions covering structur,al soundness and maintenance of proches and other exterior appurtenance are provided in four of the five housing codes.

B. 2 Between Rehabilitation Guidelines

As indicated previously the Code Enforcement Guidelines for Residential Rehabilitation invoke new construction code

43

requirements for stairways while the HUD Minimum Design

Standa rds provides general provisions on safety, headroom,

and THe performance requirement that the stairway space be adequate for the passage of furniture and equipment. The HUD Minimum Design Standards also has special provisions for stairways in buildings required to be accessible to the physically handicapped and requires handrails for public

stairs in compliance with ANSI A117.1 ("Making Buildings and Facilities Accessible to, and Usable by, the Physically

Handicapped"). The HUD document also provides some general

guidance on treating existing stairways in sound condition

as well as the situation where new stairways are required to be constructed in conjunction wiht building refurbishment.

The provisions are very general and provide no details for condition assessment or arriving at the most viable final determination. Deteriorated and economically unrepairable

porches and other exterior appurtenances are also covered in

a very general fashion by the HUD document.

B.3 Between Housing Codes and Rehabilitation Guidelines

Despite individual housing code variations, the code provisions

on these built elements are more complete in their coverage

than those given in the rehabilitation guidelines. Both

sets of documents tend to refer to the building codes for new construction although such a reference is understandably

more prevalent in the case of the rehabilitation guidelines.
9*^tf«*l»»3!;f»^ .is. r^H v.lwir t'^w W'

. . ij^wTMii«r ..

^ „v " «<yh jwi*r?w(s( »4 ff

^ X ..<. -fy* f* tfch i«W<

><«rv 1^

.#«»

I ? 4i

»TM. TM . if

j|^ .«* 0»nHr»Uj«'«Wp^. ;^.-,

«• Ari#,
TABLE 5

STAIRS, RAMPS. LANDINGS, PORCHES, BALCONIES - SUMMARY COMPARISON OF PROVISIONS

45
STAIRS, RAMPS, LANDINGS, PORCHES, BALCONIES - Summary Comparison of Provisions

APHA CDC RECOMMENDED

SUBJECT MATTER HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE, HOUSING CODE. UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1975 REV, 1974 1979 EDITION |ICB0|

A. STAIRWAYS, RAMPS. LANDINGS

I. SAFETY AND SERVICEABILITY

a. Contains provisions on stairways, ramps, and landings

° YES - uniform risers and treads ° YES - Yisers, treads, landings

- guardrails

- handrails

- roof access

- maintenance of exterior stairs

B. HANDRAILS, GUARDRAILS

1. SAFETY AND SERVICEABILITY

a. Contains provisions on handrails or guardrails

YES - structurally sound handrails

- steps with 4 or more risers

- porches, patios 3 ft. or higher

than adjacent area

“ YES - handrails at stairways

- railings at balconies

- railings to resist 50 lbs. per linear ft.

- vehicle parking decks

C. PORCHES AND OTHER APPURTENANCES

1. SAFETY AND SERVICEABILITY

a. Contains provisions on porches and otlier appurtenances

’ YES - safe to use

- structurally sound

° YES - maintained safe and sound

16
STAIRS, RAMPS, LANDINGS, PORCHES, BALCONIES (Cont.J

- Summary Comparison of Provisions HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARD HOUSING CODE.

1979 edition

(SBCCIj

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE. 1978 EDITION

(BOCAj

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCAj

STANDARDS FDR REHABILITATION

FOR residential PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

YF.S - inside and outside stairs

- .support loads safely

” YKS - support loads safely

- replare worn treads and risers

- conform to building code

° YFS - conform to hti tiding code " YES - adequate headroom

- passage of furniture and

, equipment

- requirements for handicapped

- existing stairways In sound condition

** YFS - railings on unenclosed area

30 inches higher than adjacent

area

- steps with or more risers

- sustain loads safely

YFS - steps with 3 or more risers

- unenclosed areas 30 Indies

higher than adjacent area

- firmly anchored to sustain

load s

” YES - handrails on public stairs

per ANSI A117.1

^ YF.S - safe to use

- structurally sound

° YDS - safe to use

- structurally sound

1

° YES - remove deteriorated or tin- economical structures

47
13. COMPARISON OF FIRE PROTECTION/FIRE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS*

A. Extent of Coverage

This portion of the comparative analysis of code requirements

presents an extreme contrast among the different code documents with respect to their treatment of fire prevention

and related provisions. The coverage ranges from no provisions on the subject as in the case of the APHA-CDE Recom- mended Housing Ordinance to a number of rather extensive

provisions in a separate section of the New York State

Model Housing Code . The Basic Property Maintenance Code also has a separate article entitled ''Fire Safety Requirements." The other four codes have a section on "Fire Protection", but they generally do not address the subject

specifically; instead, they refer to local regulations or

the appropriate building code requirements ( or Minimum

Property Standards in the case of the HUD document) for new construction.

It is interesting to note that the two codes with individual provisions on the subject designate the major section in which they are located as "Fire Safety Requirements," whereas

the four codes that make direct reference to other regulations

do so under a separate heading entitled "Fire Protection".

Generally, this subject area, regardless of terminology and code titles, is understood to encompass those construction

and maintenance provisions necessary for the safeguarding of

life and property from the hazards of fire and explosion due

to the use or occupancy of buildings or premises.

The sun»nary comparison charts relating to Fire Protection/

Fire Safety Requirements immediately follow this discussion

on pp. Appendix E at the rear of this report contains

the actual (or in some cases abstracted) code provisions

along with the appropriate source citation.

None of the code documents examined had any provisions

requiring that smoke detectors be installed in residences. Smoke detectors may be required by Fire Protection Codes where their installation can be mandated by local jurisdictions on a retroactive basis.

B,. Significant Findings

B.l Among Housing Codes

As indicated, the most extensive treatment of fire safety

provisions is that offered by the New York State Model Housing Code , which actually appraoches being a building

code, followed by the Basic Property Maintenance Code . Fireplace safety and maintenance are specifically covered

only by the New York State Model Housing Code . The Uni form Housing Code and the Standard Housing Code defer to local fire prevention codes or their respective model building

code for specific requirements. No requirements are given

in the APHA-CDE Recommended Housing Maintenance Ordinance

relevant to fire protection or fire safety.

B.2 Between Rehabilitation Guidelines

Both documents refer to their respective requirements

applicable to new construction for all fire prevention and fire safety criteria. The HUD Minimum Rehabilitation

Standards allows alternate methods of protection when

buildings cannot be rehabilitated in substantial conformance

with the Minimum Property Standards , but does not elaborate

further on such alternate methods.

B.3 Between Housing Code and Rehabiliations Guidelines

Except for two of the housing code documents, the majority

of the provisions relative to fire protection and fire safety matters indicate that the requirements for new construction apply.
TABLE 6

FIRE PROTECTION/FIRE SAFETY - SUMMARY COMPARISON OF PROVISIONS
FIRE PROTECTION/FIRE SAFETY - Summary Comparison of Provisions

APHA CDC RECOMMENDED

SUBJECT MATTER HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE, HOUSING CODE, UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1975 REV, 1974 1979 EDITION (ICBO)

A. APPLICABILITY/SCOPE

1. BASIS OF REQUIREMENTS

a. Code reference or general

basis for niln. requirement

of fire safety provisions

NONE ° buildings to be constructed and maintained to prevent fire hazards

j

° buildings to be provided with

the degree of fire-resistive construction as required by

tlie Building Code 1/

B. FIRE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

1. FIRE-RESISTANCE/FIRE SPREAD

a. Requires maintenance of flre- reslstance ratings or separa- tion of spaces

NO ° YES - various components (walls,

ceilings, etc.)

- separation of mixed occupancies

- floors above basements

- hazardous areas

- attached garages

- exits

° YES 1/

2. FlRj: PROTECTION SYSTEMS AND

EQUJJ'MF^r

a. Requires maintenance of specific fire protection

systems

NO ° YES - fire extinguishers

- sprinklers

- self-closing doors

° YES - fire extinguishing

systems 7/

I . P ROD 1 15 1 TED CONDIT lUNS

a. Prohibits certain accumulations and storage conditions

NO YES -hazardous materials

- exit obstructions

NO

NOTES

1/ refers to Uniform Building Code (IC150) 7/ per Chapter 18 of the Uniform Building Code (ICliO)

5(1
FIRE PROTECTION/FIRE SAFETY - Summary Comparison of Provisions

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

standard housing code,

1979 EDITION

(SBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION fBOCA)

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

fBOCAj

standards Tor rehabilitation

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

^ buildings to comply with provisions

of the fire prevention code 2/

° buildings to be constructed and maintained to prevent fire hazards in compliance with this code and the fire prevention code 3/

rehabilitated residential buildings to comply with this code 4/ regarding the interior, built-in

fire protection features

° to assure a high degree of safety

to life and property - makes

direct reference to HUD Minimum

Property Standards 5/

" - 2/ ° YES - various components (floors,

walls, ceilings)

° YES - separation between dwelling

and garage 6/

- flame spread of interior exposed surfaces 6/

- roof covering 6/

° YES - per Section 405-8 of the MPS 5/

- flame spread limitations

” - 2/ ° YES - fire alarms

- sprinklers

- standpipes

- fire extinguishers

° YES - per applicable requirements

of local code

° YES - per Section 405-14 of the

iiPS 5/ - fire alarm systems

NO

1 ° YES - exit obstructions

- hazardous materials

- hazardous occupancies

- storage conditions

NO NO

NOTKS:

2^/ refers to the fire prevention code of the applicable governing body for each jurisdiction

3/ "this code" refers to the BOCA Basic Property Maintenance Code; it is assumed that the "fire prevention code" refers to the fire prevention regulations

adopted by the local lurlsdlctlon.

"tills code" refers to the Cod e Enforcement Guide l ines for Residential Rehabi l itation 5/ refers to lllin iPon.l, Min imum Property Standards (UPS) for One and Two Family Dwellings and HUD 4910.1, HFS for Hultifamily Housing

6/ makes direct reference to the annllcahle provisions required bv the bulldlnp code for new construct Inn

51
14. COMPARISON OF MEANS OF EGRESS/EXITS

A. Extent of Coverage

All of the codes studied address this topic in one fashion

or another. Three of the codes specifically cover it in a section or subsection entitled "Means of Egress"; three other codes treat it under the title "Exits" and one, the APHA-CDC Recommended Housing Maintenance and Occupancy

Ordinance , includes it In a section on "Minimum Standards

for Basic Equipment and Facilities." Only two of the codes,

the New York State Model Housing Code and the Basic Property

Maintenance Code , extend the coverage to such related areas

as requirements for or maintenance of fire escapes and exit

signs. These requirements being applicable only to multiple

unit buildings. Both of the rehabilitation guideline

documents and to an extent in the Uniform Housing Code reference is made to the appropriate code standards or local regulations for new construction. For the HUD guideline

document direct reference is made to Section 405-6 on "Exits" of the HUD Minimum Property Standards. The Basic Property Maintenance Code is the only code to stipulate that doors in the required means of egress have to be openable

from the inside without keys.

Overall, the code requirements for providing and maintaining

exits and emergency means of escape from existing dwellings

are in some cases expressed in such generalized terminology

as to be vague and in other cases the provisions are specific and very clear (e.g., clearances, headroom). The requirements are not consistent among the codes, however,

and several significant differences exist regarding

number of required exits and clearances for emergency egress.

The sunniary comparison charts relating to Means of Egress/

Exits immediately follow this discussion on pp. 5^. Appendix F at the rear of this report contains th¥ actual

(or in some cases abstracted) code provisions along with

the appropriate source citation.

B. Significant Find i ngs

B. 1 Among Housing Codes

The specified number of required exits for primary egress

and emergency escape varies from code to code. The summary comparison table indicates that the APHA-CDC Recommended

Housing Maintenance and Occupancy Ordinance simply requires

tij/o exits per dwelling unit regardless of whether it is a single or multiple family building. However, it further

requires an exterior door or window for bedrooms below the fourth floor as a means of emergency egress. No minimum

size or dimension are given for this opening other than "...of such dimensions as to be used as a means of emergency

egress

.

The New York State Model Housing Code distinguishes between

one- and two-family dwelling units three stories or less

in height and multiple dwellings. For the one- and two- family, three story buildings both a primary and emergency

exit are required. Various options such as protected

stairways, fire escapes, and sprinkler systems are offered for two-family dwellings more than three stories in height. The emergency exit may be a fire escape, another primary exit,

or an exterior opening such as a window or door. Minimum

characteristics for such an opening are an area of four square feet with a minimum dimension of 18 inches and the bottom of the opening no more than 42 inches above the floor. This code also has specific clearances for hallway ceiling

heights and headroom of stairways in multiple unit dwellings.

The Uniform Housing Code states that dwelling units have direct access to the outside or to a public corridor and then makes a direct reference to Chaper 33 of the Uniform

Building Code for additional requirements for exits. It then goes on to require at least one operable window or exterior door for emergency egress or rescue for each bedroom below the fourth story. The minimum area of this opening is given to be 5.7 square feet with a minimum
height dimension of 24 inches and a minimum width dimension

of 20 inches. If the opening is a window, the maximum sill height specified is 44 Inches above the floor. These minimum

opening requirements vary from those of the New York State

Model Housing Code as follows:

UNIFORM NEW YORK HOUSING STATE MODEL

CODE HOUSING CODE

NET OPENABLE AREA 5.7 sq. ft. 4.0 sq. ft.

MINIMUM DIMENSIONS 24 in. in heightIB inches

20 in. in width

MAXIMUM SILL HEIGHT

ABOVE FLOOR 44 inches 42 inches

The required minimum size of this opening may or may not be compatible with the Uniform Housing Code's other requirements

for exterior opening for natural ventilation (see pp. 7_\ of

this report).

In the case of the Standard Housing Code , no specific minimum

exit requirements are given other than each dwelling unit

shall have a safe, unobstructed means of egress, provision

for a second means of escape is not clearly stated. A minimum ceiling height for the means of egress and headroom

clearance for stairs are specified. They differ from the values for such clearances required by the New York State

Model Housing Code as follows:

STANDARD

NEW YORK

STATE MODEL

HOUSING HOUSING

CODE CODE

MINIMUM CEILING

HEIGHT 7 ft. 7-1/2 ft.

MINIMUM HEADROOM 6 ft. 8 in. 7 ft.

The Basic Property Maintenance Code essentially requires a safe, continuous and unobstructed means of egress with no specific conditions on the number of exits, or second means

of escape, building height, or minimum clearances of openings

for emergency egress.

All of the housing codes, except the Standard Housing Code , have provisions on the spatial arrangement and path of travel

of the means of egress. As indicated, the only code to prohibit the need for keys to unlock exterior doors from

inside is the Basic Property Maintenance Code .

The New York State Model Housing Code has specific provisions

on the construction, installation and maintenance of fire escapes as a secondary means of egress and covers specific

lighting requirements for exits in multiple unit buildings.

These two subjects are not covered by the other housing

codes, except the Basic Property Maintenance Code which

addresses the maintenance aspects.

B.2 Between Rehabilitation Guidelines

Both of the rehabilitation guideline documents have a general

provision reciting the objectives for providing a safe means

of egress and access by fire control personnel. For specific

requirements, the Code E n forcement Guidelines for Residential Rehabilitation requires compliance with the local building code and the HUD Rehabilitation Standards cite the
HUD Minimum Property Standards as the basis for compliance.

The HUD guidelines do provide, however, that alternate

methods of protection can be provided when buildings cannot

be rehabilitated in substantial conformance with the MRS

criteria. No basis is given, however, for comparing or evaluating any alternate approaches. As indicated by the

suirenary comparison table, neither of the rehabilitation

guideline documents provide specific coverage for fire escapes nor lighting of exits.

B. 3 Between Housing Codes and Rehabilitation Guidelines

The primary distinctions between the two classes of documents

lies in the fact that the two rehabilitation documents are consistent in their reference to code standards for new construction while the housing codes, though not consistent

among each other, do attempt to cover existing situations in residential buildings even though many older existing dwellings may not realistically be able to comply with all of the housing code requirements.

54
TABLE 7

MEANS OF EGRESS/EXITS - SUMMARY COMPARISON OF PROVISIONS

55
MEANS OF EGRESS/EXITS - Summary Comparison of Provisions

SUBJECT MATTER

APHA CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEV^ YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE, HOUSING CODE, UNIFORM HOUSING CODE

1975 REV, 1974 1979 EDITION (ICBOj

A. EGRESS/EXITS REQUIREMENTS

1. MEANS OF ESCAPE

a. Number of required

exits

° at least 2 per dwelling unit ° 2 exits per itwelllng or per story 1/

° protected interior stairways or fire escape 2/

° direct access to the outside or

to public corridor 3/

b. Clearances for emergency egress or rescue

° exterior door or window of appropriate dimension 6/

° 4 sq. ft. min. openable area

- 18 In. min. dimension

- 42 in. max. height above floor

° 7-1/2 ft. min. celling height for corridors

° 7 ft. min. headroom for stairways

’ 5.7 sq. ft. min. openable area

- 24 in. min. height

- 20 in. min. width

- 44 in. max. helglith above floor

c. Spatial arrangement

of exits

° no passing tlirough other dwelling

units

° no passing through other dwelling

units or through bathrooms

° no passing through kitchens, storerooms, closets, or bathrooms 7/

1/ applies to two-family dwellings three stories or less In lielght

2/ applies to two-family dwellings more than three stories In height

3/ per Chapter 33 of the Uniform Building Code (1C150) applies to bedrooms below fourth floor level of building

7/ per Section 3302 of the Uniform Building Code (ICBO)
Means of egress/exits - summary Comparison of Provisions

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARD HOUSING CODE, BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

1979 EDITION CODE, 197B EDITION FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES

ISBCCI) (BOCA) (BOCA) FEB. 1978

^ safe unohstrficted lending to snFe space at ground level° safe, continuous and unobstructed

° every unit to have direct access to the outside or to public corridor

’ safe means of egress from reliabll 1 tated buildings 4/

° permit people to leave safely

In an emergency and permit access for fire control personnel _5/

’ allows alternate methods of protection

° 7 ft. min. celling height

° 6 ft. 8 In. min. headroom

for stairs

“ 5.7 sq. ft. min. openable area

5/

- 24 In. min. height

- 20 In. min. height

- 44 In. max. height above floor

° no passing tlirough other units or through bathrooms

° doors to be easily opened from inside without keys —

NOTES:

4/ per requirements of tlie building code applicable to one and two family dwelling occupancy or multi-family dwelling occupancy

5/ per Section 405-6 (EXITS) of the HUD Minimum Pr operty Standards (requires 2 means of egress to ground level)

57
MEANS OF EGRESS/feXITS - Summary Comparison of Provisions (Cont.)

SUBJECT MATTER

APHA COC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE, HOUSING CODE, UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1975 REV, 1974 1979 EDITION (ICBOj

2. FIRE ESCAPES

a. Provide (where necessary) and maintain

fire escapes

° YES - specific’ criteria given

see Appendix F

«

3. EXIT SIGNS

a. Provide (where necessary) and maintain

exit signs

“ YES - specific criteria given 8/

NOTES

8/ applies to multiple dwelling premises

)I)E. 150)

58
Means of egress/exits - summary Comparison of Provisions (Cont.)

STANDARD HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITIOH

(SBCCIj

HUU 494U.4, MINIMUM

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

CODE. 1978 EDITION FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

|B0CA) (BOCAj FEB. 1978

° YES - maintenance

° YES - maintenance

{

59

15. COMPARISON OF LIGHT AND ILLIMINATION REQUIREMENTS

A. Extent of Coverage

Daylighting of habitable rooms by means of windows or other glazed exterior openings is a requirement which states minimum

levels of acceptability for all seven code documents reviewed.

The need for natural lighting in residences is generally

based on social-psychological concerns and environmental health factors (e.g., germicidal protection) of occupants. Other more recent concerns involve energy conservation considerations. There also exists the safety benefits of sunlight

as a free back-stop for failures in artificial sources of

light. The rationale on which lighting criteria are established by code making bodies, however, appear to be arbitrarily

set without benefit of any identifiable technical base.

The code requirements for natural lighting and natural ventilation in existing buildings were generally consolidated as a single code classification in most of the codes examined.

This commonality exists because of their dependence on the same exterior window or opening. The Basic Property Maintenance Code made deliberate attempts to address them as sepa- rate code subsections but referred to the same exterior

window as the common source for both natural light and natural ventilation provisions for habitable rooms.

All of the codes reviewed require artificial lighting facilities in all habitable rooms and bathrooms and in a variety of

The summary comparison charts relating to Light and Illumination Requirements immediately follow this dis- cussion on pp. y_. Appendix G at the rear of this report contains the actual (or in some cases abstracted) code provisions along with the appropriate source citation.

other public and private building spaces (hallways, laundry

rooms, etc.). The actual utilization of light fixtures and receptacles is dependent, however, on the availability of electrical service to the building. As reviewed in the discussion on electrical requirements (see pp. 87^) the existence of electrical service is not absolutely required in all cases. Except for a very few instances, however, no specific

illumination levels are specified. The illumination provisions given by the two rehabilitation guideline documents are stated in performance terminology.

The summary comparison tables on electrical requirements (see

pp. 87) contains additional information on artificial light

requirements and the summary comparison tables on ventilation

requirements (see pp. ^) also relates to the natural lighting aspects of windows and other exterior openings.

B . Si gnificant Findings

B . 1 Among Housing Codes

The required minimum window area for admission of natural

light to habitable rooms is IOT; of the floor area for three

codes and 8% for the other two housing codes. The Uniform

Housing Code further specifies an absolute minimum glazed

area of 10 square feet and the Standard Fjousing Code requires

the minimum daylighting area to be \S% of the floor area if the required opening is a skylight. The codes have somewhat

varying provisions regarding clear space in front of the required window or opening and distance to adjoining structures or other adjacent obstructions. There is general

agreement on a three feet distance for such clearances among

three of the codes. The New York State Model Housing Code

has specific criteria for determining clearances for tall buildings with inner courts and walls of adjacent buildings.

The Uniform Housing Code provides additional criteria in the form of an exception if the required window opens into a

61
roofed porch provided the porch has adequate height, open

area and exposure. This code also addresses windows in service rooms which open into open and unobstructed vent shafts of no more than two stories. A "service room" is not defined as to its residential use, however, in the code document.

There was no apparent agreement among the codes on the issue of providing natural light in non-habitable rooms. Where it was covered by the codes non-habitable rooms were either to be treated the same as the habitable room without the require- ment for a window or provided with artificial illumination.

An unspecified level of artificial illumination of habitable

rooms and a variety of otiier spaces was required by all of

the housing codes. As indicated this requirement depends on

the availability of electric service to the building for several of the codes. The comparison and evaluation of artificial lighting requirements in the codes are covered in more detail in the suimiary comparison table of electrical requirements elsewhere in this report (see pp. 87)

B.2 Between Rehabilitation Guideline

As with the housing codes there exists some variation (8% vs. 10%) between the two guideline documents in the fractional floor area required for natural lighting. The HUD Rehabilitation Standard, as it does for natural ventilation requirements, allows for treating adjoining interior rooms Jointly

with an exterior room based on the size of the conrion wall opening in relation to the floor area of the interior room. The HUD document does not concern itself with open space or clearances from nearby obstructions for exterior windows, but

the Code Enforcement Guidelines for Residential Rehabilitation

does"! Neither document require natural lighting of non- habitable rooms. Kitchens are required to have artificial lighting according to the HUD document whereas the Code Enforce- ment Guidelines for Residential Rehabilitation under one

provision leaves kitchen lighting optional. In another provision a kitchen, if defined as "occupiable" space, would definitely require artificial lighting. Habitable rooms are required to have artificial lighting by both documents as are

an inconsistent mix of other classifications of private

(bathrooms, kitchens, etc.) and common building spaces.

B . 3 Between Housing Codes and Rehabilitation Guidelines

As h group all of the documents seem to be attempting to provide some level of social well-being to occupants based

upon traditional rule-of-thumb values without much benefit of scientific reasoning. Overall, the code standards in all the documents are somewhat arbitrary in their coverage and incon- sistent in the treatment of various room classifications or uses of habitable and non-habitable space. There also is inconsistency in distinguishing the existence of requirements

for natural and/or artificial light in various rooms (e.g.,

kitchens) when in fact, electrical service may not even be available to the building. Confusion and conflict are intro- duced with the oversimplistic consolidation of natural lighting and natural ventilation provisions in the codes. The effects of window orientation and exposure on daylighting

levels and energy conservation strategies are not considered.

Also, window treatments of shadps, drapes, curtains and blinds have the effect of negating the net clear area required

by the provisions. Overall, the most noteworthy treatment of lighting provisions is that contained in the New York State

Model Housing Code , even though it also portrays some of the above shortcomings.
lABLEJ

LIGHT AND ILLUMINATION - SUMMARY COMPARISON OF PROVISIONS

63
LIGHT AND ILLUMINATION - Summary Comparison of Provisions

APHA-COC RECOMMENDED

SUBJECT MATTER HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE, HOUSING CODE, UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1975 REV, 1974 1979 EDITION (ICBO)

A. NATURAL LIGHT *

1. HABITABLE ROOMS

a. Source of natural light ° at least one window or skylight " one or more windows, skylights,

transparent or translucent panels

° excludes kitchens

“ exterior glazed openings

b. Min. dayllghtlng area for admission of natural light

° 10% of floor area ° 10% of floor area of liabltable space 1/ only window areas 6" above adjoining grade are applicable

“ 10% of floor area

“ 10 sq. ft. min. glazed area

c. Open space/clearances from obstructions to origin of natural light and ventilation

° face directly to outdoors

° no structure within 3 ft. of window

2/

° directly face open space of sufficient area

° specific criteria for open space given - see Appendix G

° open directly onto street or alley (or yard or court on

same lot line)

° allows for windows tliat open

to roofed porches and vent shafts -see Appendix G

2. NON -HABITABLE ROOMS

a. Natural lighting requirement (including any provision for alternate means of illumlnat Ion)

° same as habitable room except no window or skylight required

° (primary requirement is for electric light of sufficient intensity)

Htn ES

1_/ IncUcated area of openings to provide required amount of light equivalent to that transmitted through clear glass

2/ windows shall not he deemed to face directly outdoors and thus not contributing to the required minimum total window area If structures are located

less than 3 feet from the window and extend to a level above that of the celling of the room.

* See also summary chart - on "Ventilation Requirements"

64
LIGHT AND ILLUMINATION - Summary Comparison of Provisions (Cont.

HUD 4940.4, minimum

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

” at least one window or skylight ° at least one window

° kitchens may have artificial lighting

° glazed openings

° kitchens may have artificial lighting

° windows, glazed doors, or skylights

“ kitchens shall have artificial

lighting

” 8% of floor area

° 15% of area if only window Is a skylight

° 8% of floor area ” 8% of floor area ® 10% of floor area (applies to new or remodeled rooms)

” face directly to outdoors

° no structures within 3 ft. of window 2/

° face directly to outdoors

° no structures within 3 ft. of window

U

° open directly onto street, or alley, or yard or court located

on same lot as building —

” same as liabl table room except no window or skylight required

° provide either natural or artificial

light of sufficient intensity and distribution

(

° (primary requirement is for artificial light)

STANDARD HOUSING CODE, BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

1979 EDITION CODE, 1978 EDITION FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

jSBCCI) IBOCA) (BOCA)

NOTES

2/ windows slmll not be deemed to face directly outdoors and thus not contributing to the required minimum total window area if structures are located less than 3 feet from the window and extend to a level above that of the celling of tlie room

65
LIGHT AND ILLUMINATION - Summary Comparison of Provisions (Cont.)

APHA CDC RECOMMENDED

SUBJECT MATTER HDUSING MAINTENANCE

AND DCCUPANCY DROINANCE,

1975 REV,

NEW YDRK STATE MDDEL

HDUSING CDDE,

1974

UNIFDRM HDUSING CDDE,

1979 EDITIDN (ICBDj

B. ARTIFICIAL LIGHT **

1. HABITABLE ROOMS

a. Provision for artificial

Illumination **

“ 2 convenience outlets ( 1 may be celling or wall liglit fixture) 3/“ 1 convenience outlet for each multiple of 20 ft. of distance

around room

° 2 convenience outlets (1 may

be celling or wall light

fixture) 3/

2. OTHER SPACES **

a. Provides for artificial

lighting of other interior spaces of buildings

° YES 3/ - bathrooms

- laundry room

- furnace room

- public halls A/

- stairways 4/

° YES - kitchenettes

- bathrooms

- stairways

- laundry rooms

- furnace room

- garages 5/

- hallways

- exits

- all public spaces

° YES 3/ - public hallways

- stairways

- exltways

- bathrooms

- laundry room

- furnace room

3. EXTERIOR AREAS

a. Provides for artificial

llglitlng of exterior areas

of buildings

NO ° YES 8/

- entranceways

- walks

- driveways

- facilities used by pedestr Ians

NO

NOTES:

3/ where there is usable electric service available

4/ requires at least 10 loot candles of natural or artificial light at tlie tread or floor level at all times

5/ applies to garages within or accessory to multiple dwellings (e.g., apartment houses)

8/ applies to multiple dwelling premises

** see also' sumniary ctiart ~ on "Electrical Uequirements"

66
LIGHT AND ILLUMINATION - Summary Comparison of Provisions (Cont.)

HUD 4940.4, MIHIMUM

STANDARD HOUSING CODE. BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

1979 EDITION CODE, 1978 EDITION FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

(SBCCI) IBOCA) (BOCA) FEB. 1978

" 2 convenience outlets (also 1 wall switch controlled fixture In bedrooms) 3/° 2 convenience outlets (1 may be cell

Ing or wall light fixture) 3/

” provide artificial light via electrical fixtures and outlets distributed so as to provide satisfactory Illumination

° provide and distribute so as to assure healthful conditions and satisfactory illumination

” YKS 3/ - kitchens ° YES 3/ - kitchens ” YES - occuplable rooms ° YES - kitchens

- bathrooms - batlirooms - utility spaces - bathrooms

- laundry room - laundry room - common spaces - toilet compartments

- furnace room - furnace room - all public spaces

- common halls 6/ - common halls 7/ - stairways 6/ - stairways 7/

NO NO NO NO

NOTES

wliere there Is usable electric service available

6/ not applicable to one-famlly dwellings. Requires at least one foot candle Intensity of Illumination at the floor at all times In the darkest

portion of normally traveled stairs and passageways.

7/ not applicable to one-family dwellings. Requires at least a sixty watt light bulb for Illumination at all times throughout normally traveled stairs and passageways.

67
16. COMPARISON OF VENTILATION REQUIREMENTS

A. Extent of Coverage

Adequate ventilation is essential in meeting many of the fundamental human needs in housing. These needs include the maintenance of a thermal environment that will permit adequate

heat loss from the human body and providing an atmosphere of reasonable chemical purity. Factors controlling heat loss in the body are air temperature, mean radient temperature of surrounding surfaces, relative humidity, and air movement.

Thus, there is significant interaction between thermal comfort

and ventilation factors that affect the residential atmosphere.

In response to these and other needs for sustaining indoor

air quality, all of the code documents evaluated require

natural ventilation of all habitable rooms. Some of the documents reviewed allow mechanical ventilation as an acceptable substitute for natural ventilation in habitable rooms, but the allowance is not consistent among all of the codes

and it varies depending on use of the habitable space. Also,

they all require ventilation of bathrooms, but permit the use of mechanical ventilation devices in lieu of natural ventilation except in one case (Code Enforcement Guidelines for Residential Rehabiliation) whi ch allows natural ventilati on

in lieu of mechanical ventilation. Kitchen space, where

mentioned, is treated separately depending on whether it is recognized as a habitable or non-habi table but occupiable

room. One code, the New York State Model Housing Code , provides extensive and detailed criteria for a variety of

The summary comparison charts relating to Ventilation

Requirements immediately follow this discussion on pp. 21- Appendix H at the rear of this report contains the actual

(or in some cases abstracted) code provisions along with

the appropriate source citation.

different public and private spaces and distinguishes

between one- and two-family dwellings and multiple dwellings

in its coverage of ventilation requirements.

It also provides what is perceived to be extraordinary coverage

of installation and maintenance requirements for mechanical ventilation systems compared to any of the other codes examined. This code takes the form of almost providing

design criteria in this and other areas of coverage.

Practically all of the codes directly integrate their ventilation requirements with those provisions for light,

since, in many cases, the natural ventilation requirements

are a function of the window area requirements for natural lighting. For purposes of this evaluation, however, it was more meaningful to separate them into separate code areas

to facilitate comparison and analysis. The natural lighting requirements are presented in the summary comparison

table entitled "Light and Illumination Requirements" (see

pp. ^). Some provisions relevant to mechanical ventilation

are also presented on the summary comparison table for "Mechanical Requirements" (see pp. 79)

B. Significant Findings

B.l Among Housing Codes

Minimum natural ventilation criteria are based on 45% of the minimum glazed area of openable windows or other exterior

openings (e.g., skylights, etc.) for three of the housing

codes. "Minimum glazed area" is the requirement for natural light for habitable rooms and is normally 8% or

10% of the floor area. The other two codes use 5% of the floor area of the room as the minimum requirement for openable

area to allow for circulation of outside air. The Uniform

Housing Code further stipulates an absolute minimum openable

area of 5 square feet for natural ventilation. This may or may not conflict with the Uniform Building Codes' other
minimiim opening area of 5.7 square feet required for emergency

egress from sleeping rooms (see pp.5^). ft appears that these two arbitrary rules of thumb approaches (i.e., 457, glazed area and 57 of floor area) to specifying ventilation

provisions are for all practical purposes equivalent but more significantly are lacking any rational technical basis for insuring the attainment of an important health goal. Also, none of the provisions give consideration to the effects of other parameters (e.g., energy conservation measures) of existing buildings on the health of inhabitants.

For non-habitable rootts, there is general agreement on allowing mechanical ventil.,tion where no exterior window or opening

is available. The Uniform Housing Code is the only housing

code that specifically allows for treating adjoining interior

rooms jointly with an exterior room for determining light and ventilation requirements based on the size of the cornmon wall opening in relation to the floor area of the interior room. The New Y ork State Model Housing Code allows for mechanical ventilation of habitable rooms out not as a substitute for natural ventilation; while the Standard Housing Code allows substitution but not in habitable rooms used for sleeping

rooms

.

The provisions of three of the codes are inconsistent or incomplete in defining mechanical ventilation air quantities

in terms of air changes per hour and amount of recirculation

allowed. Most defer to an "approved" system of mechanical

ventilation.

The Basic Property Maintenance Code has specific restrictions

regarding ventilation requirements which disallow’’ cooking in sleeping rooms and another which restricts processes that have toxic fumes or contaminating agents. This latter provision seemed unusual to be included in a housing code since it refers to workrooms.

69

B.2 Between Rehabilitation Guidelines

For purposes of comparison the two rehabilitation guidelines appear to treat natural ventilation requirements similarly.

They differ, however, in their treatment of allowing mechanical ventilation as a substitute for natural ventilation in habitable rooms. The HUD Rehabilitation Standard limits such substitutions to kitchen space only. The HUD Rehabil itation Standard also provides an allowance for treating adjoining

interior rooms similar to that described previously for the Uniform Housing Code . The Code Enforcement Guidelines for Residential Renabi 1 i tation provides mechanical ventilation

requirements for both habitable and non-habitable rooms in definitive air quantities while the HUD document does not. Both documents address the need for adequate ventilation of utility spaces and other structural spaces (i.e., attics,

crawl spaces, etc.) to minimize dampness and decay conditions.

The HUD Document also includes public hallways and stairways

in its provisions.

B . 3 Between Housing Codes and Rehabilitation Guidelines

In terms of Intent for the provision of an adequate air

supply, the two classes of documents are generally comparable

and consistent in their overall approach. But, the provisions

appear arbitrary in depth and scope. Some are more specific

than others in their degree of coverage and some extend the coverage of ventilation requirements to building spaces not considered by others. The substitution of mechanical ventilation for required natural ventilation in all habitable rooms seemed inconclusive.

The basis on which the criteria of the provisions are established does not appear to have demonstrated technical basis

nor is there adequate coverage for the process of removal of undesired properties from the air space (e.g., undesired

pollutants in both gaseous and particulate state, undesired

odors, etc.). The interaction of energy conservation measures

on indoor air quality of existing buildings are not addressed

by either the housing codes or the rehabilitation guidelines.
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T^E_9

VENTILATION REQUIREMENTS - SUMMARY COMPARISON OF PROVISIONS

7i
VENTILATION REQUIREMENTS - Summary Comparison of Provisions

APHA-CDC RECOMMENDED

SUBJECT MATTER HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE, HOUSING CODE, UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1975 REV, 1974 1979 EDITION |ICB0|

A. NATURAL VENTILATION

I. HABITABLE ROOMS

a. Ventilation source per habitable room

° at least 1 window or skylight

° easily openable

° openable windows or other openings

° area must qpen at least 6" above adjoining finished grade

° excludes kitchens directly

° openable exterior openings

b. Min. clear openable area

for exterior openings 1/

° 45% of min. glazed area 2/ ° 5% of floor area ° 5% of floor area

° 5 sq. ft. min. opening required

c. Open space/clearances from obstructions to origin of natural light and ventilation

° face directly to outdoors “ face open space of sufficient area

° specific limitations given,

- see Appendix 11

° open directly onto street or alley

(or y.ird or court on same lot

line)

° allows for windows that open to roofed porches and vent shafts

- see Appendix 11

2. NON-HABITABLE ROOMS

a. Natural ventilation requirement (including any provision for alternate means of vent 1 lation)

° same as habitable room

° no window or skylight required if mechanical ventilation is provided

° openings of 3 sq. ft. for kitchenettes; 1-1/2 sq. ft. for batlirooms

° mechanical ventilation as alternate

“ 5% of floor area for opening

° 1-1/2 sq. ft. min. opening

required

mechanical ventilation as alternate

° provides basis for treating

Interior rooms in combination

with habitable rooms

NOTES

1/ openable areas include those openab

2/ "min. glazed area" Is tliat provided

le parts of skylights, windows, or other

for natural light requirements of habit openings in exterior walls that face

^ble rooms (refer to chart)

llrectly on open space.

* See also summary chart - on "Light and Illumination" and - on "Mechanical Requirements"

72
VENTILATION REQUIREMENTS - Summary Comparison of Provisions (Cont.J

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARD HDUSIMG CODE, BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

1979 EDITION CODE, 1978 EDITION FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

jSBCCI) IBOCA) IBOCA) TEB. 1978

° at least 1 window or skylight

° easily openable

” at least 1 window

” easily openable

° windows, doors, or other means

° acceptable means for liealtliful environment

“ 45% of min. glazed area 2/ ” 45% of min. glazed area 2/ ° 5% of floor area ° 5% of floor area

° 3 sq . ft. min. opening for kitchens

° face directly to outdoors ® open space to he maintained unobstructed

" same as habitable room

° no window or skylight required if mechanical ventilation is provided

° same as habitable room

° no window required If meclianlcal ventilation Is provided

(

” mechanical ventilation required

° natural ventilation allowed as alternate

° suggests treating certain interior rooms as habitable rooms on basis

of combined floor area

° suggests gravity-type wind-driven

roof ventilator for bathrooms

NOTES

:

2/ "min. ginned nrea" Is ttiat provided for natural light requirements of habitable rooms (refer to chart)

73
VENTILATION REQUIREMENTS - Summary Comparison of Provisions (Cont.)

APHA COC RECOMMENDED

SUBJECT MATTER HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND DCCUPANCY ORDINANCE. HDUSING CODE, UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1975 REV, 1974 1979 EDITION (ICBO)

B. MECHANICAL VENTILATION

1. HABITABLE ROOMS

a. Provision for mechanical

ventilation or other alternate means

° allows other approved devices that afford adequate ventilation (e.g.,

integrated interior climate control

facilities)

° may be provided but not as a sub- stitute for natural ventilation

° kitchensimay have either natural

or mechanical ventilation

° Diay be provided in lieu of required exterior openings

for natural ventilation

b. Min. mechanical ventilation

requirements

° continuous operation per design

capacity of Installation 3/

° at least 150 cfm exhaust from kitchens

° 2 air changes per hour per room with 20% fresh air

2. NON-HABITABLE ROOMS

a. Min. mechanical ventilation

requirement where such systems are provided. (See item A. 2. a above)

° 3/ ° at least 150 cfm exhaust from kitchenettes

° 25 cfm exhaust from bathrooms

” 5 air changes per hour

° connected directly to outside

C. OTHER PROVISIONS

1. Cover ventilation requirements

for other building spaces, l.e. public areas, attics, etc. (Refer to Appendix H) NO

° YES - public space

- laundry rooms

- corridors

- garages

- stairways

NO

2. Covers installation, and maintenance requirements or operational restrictions (Refer to Appendix H) NO

° YES - installation

- maintenance

- operation NO

NO I KS

^1 even though no specific ventilation air ()uantlties are given, the provision does require that the ventilation system be "approved" or "approved

by the appropriate authority".

74
VENTILATION REQUIREMENTS - Summarv Comparison of Provisions (Cont.)

Huo 4940.4, Minimum

STANDARD HDUSING CODE. BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

1979 EDITION CODE. 1978 EDITION FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION FOR RESIDEIITIAL PROPERTIES.

(SBCCI) (BOCA) (BOCA) FEB. 1978

" may substitute year round mechanical

system in lieu of required windows

except in sleeping rooms (window

type air conditioning units are excluded)

” may be provided in lieu of natural ventilation

° may be provided in lieu of any or supplement natural ventilation

-

° may be substituted for natural ventilation in kitcliens

o 3^ — 2 air changes per hour per room with 20Z fresh air

° 3 air changes per hour with no recirculation for kitcliens

° 3/ ° 3/ ° 5 air changes per hour with no recirculation for bathrooms

2 air changes per Iiour with 207. fresh air for utility rooms

NO NO

(

” YES - attics

- crawl spaces

° YES - public entries

- utility space

- attics

- hallways

- stairways

NO ” YES - operation NO " YES - installation

- maintenance

- operation

NOTES

3/ even thon^h no npeclFic ventilation air (Quantities are given, the provision does require that the ventilation sy.stem be "approved" or "approved

by tlie appropriate authority".

75
17. COMPARISON OF MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS*

A. Extent of Coverage

Regulatory concerns of the mechanical aspects in existing

residential occupancies should nominally address those health

and safety requirements dealing with the installation and maintenance of heating, ventilating, cooling, refrigeration

and other energy-related systems and appliances. These mechanical systems and the accompanying code requirements are intended to sustain occupant health along with other attri- butes such as comfort and convenience. Code requirements

should also responsibly address the attendant safety to occupants and the property itself resulting from the potential hazards that such systems introduce. Regulatory coverage of

the health and comfort considerations was consistent among

the seven documents reviewed as were requirements for the safe operation, maintenance and installation clearances from combustibles. Inconsistent coverage however, appears in the areas of provisions for such safeguards as safety controls, fail-safe devices, combustion air supply and removal of products of combustion. The New York State Model Housing Code

and the Basic Property Maintenance Code were the two documents

that provided the most extensive coverage of all health and safety areas in the comparison. None of the documents reviewed,

except briefly in the HUD Rehabilitation Standards and the New York State Model Housing Code , give any consideration to economy of operation, thermal efficiency or other economic or energy conservation issues.

It should be pointed out that because of the format and organization of the summary comparison tables in this report

and the treatment of the provisions dealing with ventilation

The sununary comparison charts relating to Mechanical Requirements immediately follow this discussion on pp. 79. Appendix I at the rear of this report contains the actu?T

(or in some cases abstracted) code provisions along with

the appropriate source citation.

requirements in the codes themselves, the material on mechanical ventilation is presented with the summary comparison

tables on "Ventilation Requirements" (see pp. ^). Also, the comparison data relevant to domestic hot water heating facilities are presented in the summary comparison chart on "Plumbing Requirements" (see pp. 95)

.

As indicated, the codes in their various treatments of the mechanical requirements for housing do not package them the same or relate to them in any consistent manner in the content

of their respective publications. Mechanical provisions can

be found under an array of major headings or subheadings,

e.g., "Minimum Thermal Standards," "Heating Facilities,"

"Cooking and Heating Equipment," etc.

B. Significant Findings

B . 1 Among Housing Codes

The minimum thermal standards required by the five housing

codes are related to winter heating. Air conditioning is covered extensively only by the New York State Model Housing

Code which has requirements for installation, maintenance,

and operation along with safety controls but no requirement

for summer thermal conditions. The minimum indoor temperature

that the heating system must maintain ranges from 65°F to 70°F among the five housing codes as follows:

Basic Property Maintenance Code 65°F APHA-CDC Recommended Housing Ordinance 68°F New York State Model Housing Code 70°F Uniform Housing Code 70°F Standard Housing Code 70°F

The exact room location for measurement of the ambient indoor temperature varies somewhat among the five codes and the New

York State Model Housing Code is the only code to allow a night setback temperature to 55°F from 11:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m.
For installation and maintenance, the housing codes in three

cases (i.e., Uniform P ausing Code , Standard Housing Code , and Basic Property Maintenince Code ) refer to the applicable

local or model mechanical code or building code. Maintenance

of proper clearances from combustibles is specifically covered

by only two codes ( New York State Model Housing Code and Basic Property Maintenance Code )~ As indicated previously

these are the two codes that also have requirements for safety controls, combustion air supply and removal of products of combustion. All five of the housing codes have specific

requirements that prohibit the use of certain types of heating

equipment (primarily unvented fuel-burning devices) or fuels for heating or cooking.

B.2 Between Rehabilitation Guidelines

Both of the rehabilitation guideline documents are consistent

in those code areas where they have no apparent requirements

or restrictions except that the HUD Rehabilitation Standards

do prohibit the use of unvented and open-flame radiant type space heaters. The Code Enforcement Guidelines for Residential Rehabi l itation refers to the requirements in local codes

for any new installations and the HUD document refers to National Fire Prevention Association (NFPA) standards for the installation requirements of certain heating devices.

The minimum thermal requirement for indoor temperature differs between the two documents - HUD specifies at least 70”F within living units and 75°F in housing for the elderly whereas the BOCA document leaves the thermal comfort level up

to that prescribed by local codes. It should be noted that

the HUD document requires corridors, public spaces, and utility areas to be maintained at the same minimum temperature

as living units. This is an apparent departure' from the other codes.

Both guidelines appropriately address the problem of evalu- ating nonconforming mechanical systems or equipment in existing buildings with regard to their continued use or replacement.

Even though addressed in general terms, no specific evaluation

criteria or guidelines are given for making meaningful decisions .

B.3 Between Housing Codes and Rehabilitation Guidelines

For those mechanical code provisions which were compared, it

is apparent that some of the housing codes provide more extensive regulation of safety matters and prohibited uses with regard to existing conditions in housing than the two rehabiliation guideline documents. Although based on a subjective evaluation, it is clear that the intent of the housing codes as a group is to require some minimum level of occupant health and comfort to be provided by safely installed

and maintained mechanical equipment. In this regard, it is the inclination of the rehabilitation guideline documents to revert to the standards for new construction to acheive

health and safety objectives.
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TABLE 11

ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS - SUMMARY COMPARISON OF PROVISIONS

79
T mechanical requirements - Summary Comparison of Provisions

APHA CDC RECOMMENDED

SUBJECT MATTER HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE, HOUSING CODE, UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1975 REV, 1974 1979 EDITION (ICBO)

A. IIEATINC AND COOKING FACILITIES

1. MINIMUM THERMAL REQUIREMENTS

a. Indoor temperature to be maintained

° at least 68°F “ 70°F for residences

° 70"F from 6:00 a.m. to lliOOP.m.

1/ 2/

° 55°F from 11:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m.

> 1/1/

° 70°F

b. Measurement conditions ° 3 ft. above floor under ordinary

winter conditions

“ 5 ft. above floor, 3 ft. from exterior walls

° 3 ft. above floor

c. Spaces In which temperatures

are to be maintained

° habitable rooms

° bathrooms

° water closet compartments

° habitable spaces

° kitchenettes

° bathrooms

^ toilet rooms

° dwelling units

° guest rooms

2. INSTALLATION AND CLEARANCES

a. Covers Installation, clearance from combustibles, and maintenance of equipment

° YES - installation

- operation

° YES - Installation

- clearances

- operation

- maintenance

° YES - installation 4/

- maintenance 4/

3. FROllIBITED EQUIPMENT /FUELS

a. Prohibits use of certain

heating equipment or fuels

° YES - unvented fuel-burning heating devices° YES - unvented space heaters

- portable heaters using kerosene

- heaters located In exits, bedrooms or bathrooms

- use of gasoline as a fuel

° YES - unvented fuel-burning

heating devices

NOTES

_!/ applies to one- and two-famljy dwellings not wholly owner occupied. Specific annual heating periods by county are given for New York State based

on annual iieatlng degree days.

2 ! wneii outside tenineratiire falls below 55°F

3/ wlieii outside temperature falls Ijelow 40“F Installation and ina 1 nlenance In accordance with Chapter 37 of the Uni Form building Code (ICBO) and the Uniform Mechanical Code (ICBO)
MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS - Summary Comparison of Provisions (Cont.

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARD HOUSING CODE, BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

1979 EDITION CODE, 1978 EDITION FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

(SBCCII IBOCA) (BOCA) FEB. 1978

° at least 70"F ’ 65“F " assure Interior comfort

° min. temperature as required by local code

° at least 70°F

° not less than 75°F In housing

" for the elderly

° 3 ft. above floor under ordinary

winter conditions

” 3 ft. above floor, 3 ft. from exterior wall — " wlien outside temperature Is at the design temperature

linhltabje rooms

® bathrooms

“ habitable rooms

° bathrooms

” toilet rooms

° habitable units

° common spaces utility spaces

” living units

° corridors

° public spaces

” utility spaces

^ YES - Installation 5/

- maintenance

“ YES - Installation 6/

- maintenance 6/

- clearances

° YES - Installation 7/ - maintenance° YES - Installation

- maintenance

- clearances 8/

YES - unvented fuel-burning beating devices

- portable cooking equipment

using flame

° YES - portable cooking equipment

using flame — ° YES - unvented space heaters 9/

- open-flame radlent type space heaters 9/

NOTES:

5/ Installation In accordance with the building, mechanical, gas or electrical code

6/ Installation and maintenance In accordance with the htilldlng code (or other applicable laws or ordinances)

TJ new Installations to comply with requirements of the mechanical code or heating code (or other applicable local codes or ordinances)

8/ refers to Nl'T’A Standard No. bA and 5AA National Euel G.as Coc^ for gas lieaters and NEPA Standard No. 31-55, Standard for the TiisLallatlon of Oil Burning Equipment, for oil fired heaters

9/ except for one- and two-family detached dwellings In localities where such devices are predomlnent method of providing heat

81
MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS - Summary Comparison of Provisions (Cont.)

APHA CDC RECOMMENDED

SUBJECT MATTER HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE, HOUSING CODE, UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1975 REV. 1974 1979 EDITION (ICBO)

4. SAFETY CONTROLS

a. Requires Installation and maintenance of safety controls on heating equipment

° YES - Installation

- (various fall-safe devices)

- maintenance

5. COMBUSTION AIR SUPPLY

a. Provide air supply for complete

combustion and ventilation

)

° YES - for complete combustion and ventilation

- provide openings to exterior

° YES - ventilation for area

and appliance 10/

6. REMOVAL OF PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION

a. Requires connection to chimney,

flue or vent

° YES - solid or liquid fuel not to be connected to gas vents

- requires placarding of gas vents

7. EXISTINC CONDITIONS

a. Allows continued use of existing non-conforming systems or equipment

B. MECHANICAL VENTILATION/CLIMATE CON- TROL FACILITIES *

1. INSTALLATION, MAINTENANCE, OPERATI()N a. Covers Installation and maintenance requirements or operational restrictions.

° YES - maintenance

- operation

° YES - installation

- maintenance

- operation

- safety controls

° YES - Installation 10/

- maintenance

- operation

NOTES:

IjJ/ as required In the Lh^^orjp Mechanical Code (ICBO)

* See also summary chart - on "Ventilation Requirements".

82
MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS - Summary Comparison of Provisions (Cont.} nuu H940.4, Minimum

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

CODE, 1978 EDITION FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

(BOCA) (BOCA) FEB. 1978

° YES - maintenance

” YES - for complete combustion and ventilation

° YES - connect to an approved chimney, flue or vent

" YES - with approval of authorities

having lurlsdlctlon

°YES - evaluate for faulty operation, fire or other hazzards.

- replace or repair per code requirement .

" YES - operation ° YES - maintenance i - operation

° YES - Installation ° YES - Installation 11/

- operation

STANDARD HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION

(SBCCI)

NOTES

11/ Inst.Tl l.Tt Ion of ventilating systems to be In rompllance with NFPA 90A , Standard for the Installation of Air Conditioning and Ventilating Systems;

for mil It 1 f am I ly or NFPA 90R, Standard for the Tnstallatlon of Warm Air He^^tlng^ and_Alx _^ond_ltlorilng_S^st^ms for single family dwellings

83
18. COMPARISON OF ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS*

A. Extent of Coverage

In four of the seven code documents reviewed in this study

the requirement that existing dwelling units even be provided

with electrical service is subject to its availability to the premises. Two of those four codes would require a service entrance only if a connection were available within 300 feet of the building. The premise that adequate electrical service

is an essential element of acceptable housing is inconclusive

among the housing code documents since only one of these

codes absolutely requires a service connection to an approved

source. On the other hand, the rehabilitation guideline documents are definite in their requirement for such service

and assume that such service exists or will be installed in conjunction with the building renovation process.

Other areas of coverage that are addressed in the regulations studied regarding electrical requirements include minimum

standards for adequate service capacity and circuits, the existence of lighting fixtures and outlets throughout the dwelling, and provisions that the electrical system and its components be installed and maintained in a safe condition

so as to prevent fire or electric shock. In most cases the codes refer to local regulations, codes or ordinances regarding installation and maintenance of electrical systems and equipment. The HUD Rehabilitation Standard specifically

refers to the National Electrical Code for design layout and installation of new electrical work.

The summary comparison charts relating to Electrical Requirements immediately follow this discussion on pp. Appendix J at the rear of this report contains the actual

(or in some cases abstracted) code provisions along with

the appropriate source citation.

Only one of the codes, (i.e.. New York State Model Housing

Code ) requires exterior lighting to illuminate entrances and other facilities (driveways, walks, etc.) of multiple dwelling premises. Other areas covered by the electrical provisions in some of the codes included emergency lighting of exits, public space, and stairways in multiple family dwellings. The HUD Rehabilitation Standard was singular in its coverage of requiring communication and alarm systems on a "where needed" basis in multi family projects and also its coverage of special requirements in housing projects for the elderly and^handicapped.

In the textual format of the code documents, electrical requirements are treated in a multitude of ways. For example, the APHA-CDC Recommended Housing Ordinance has a minimum

of at least one 15 amp circuit per dwelling unit which is quite low in contrast to the New York State Model Housing

Codes

requirement of one 15 amp branch circuit for each 400 square feet of total dwelling unit floor area and an additional 15 amp small appliance circuit in kitchens. Even

this latter provision is somewhat low to be considered completely adequate when compared to new construction stan- dards of the National Electrical Code , which nominally

requires three watts per square foot for determining general

lighting loads, at least two 20 amp small appliance circuits

for kitchens and one 20 amp circuit for the laundry. (These

are exclusive of any additional circuits for electric ranges

or dryers .

)

Local regulations, laws, and ordinances are referred to by four of the housing codes for the safe installation and maintenance of the electrical system and the use of "approved

equipment. The New York Sta t e Model Housing Code is the only code with specific provisions on safety hazards of electrical installations including wiring, overcurrent

protection devices, accessibility, grounding, and use restric

tions. Even though the correction of existing hazardous conditions may be implied in the other housing codes, only
the Basic Property Maintenance Code specifically addresses

such issues as inadequate service, insufficient outlets,

improper wiring or installation, etc., as the basis for the code official to require that the condition be corrected.

With certain variations, four of the housing codes require a minimum of two convenience outlets per habitable room. In most cases a ceiling or wall light fixture is allowed to fulfill the requirements for one of the convenience outlets,

except for the Standard Housing Code which requires that bedrooms have a wall switched light fixture in addition to the two convenience outlets. The Hew York State Model Housing Code differs from the other housing codes by basing

the number of convenience outlets on the perimeter of the room (one outlet required for every 20 feet or fraction of

the room's perimeter distance). A lighting fixture may be substituted for one of the required outlets. The minimum

outlet and lighting requirements given for kitchens, where

specified, vary from being the same as for a habitable room

to three outlets plus a wall switch controlled light fixture

Non-habi table rooms such as bathrooms also have some variation between just one fixture and one fixture pluse one

outlet.

The codes also specify artificial lighting be provided for a variety of other spaces (public and private) and rooms (utility, laundry) but are not consistent in their treatment

The New York State Model Housing Code provides several provisions on the placement and illumination of emergency

exit and directional signs for multiple dwelling buildings.

The Basic Property Maintenance Code also covers illumination

standards for stairways and common halls.

Clearances from overhead conductors on or near residential premises is only addressed in the New York State Model

Housing Code .

B.2 Between Rehabilitation Guidelines

The HUD Rehabilitation Standard refers to the National Electrical Code for design and installation of new electrical work and sets an absolute minimum of two 15 amp general

lighting circuits and one 20 amp appliance circuit for each

living unit. It also specifies that individual branch

circuits for any heavy duty equipment be provided as required

by the National Electrical Code . The Code Enforcement Guidel ines for Residential RehabiUtation , on the other hand,

simply states that the electrical system be safe and supply

adequate electrical energy for lighting, appliances and equipment and be installed in accordance with local laws. Both documents give some subjective guidance on the continued

use or replacement of existing electrical wiring and equipment. Generally, replacement is required when existing

electrical systems are not able to safely handle any additional capacity or they cause a potential source of hazard.

The determination is left to local authority and in many

cases will be made on an arbitrary or economic basis if no further technical guidance is available.

In contrast to that provided by the housing codes, neither

of the rehabilitation guideline documents prescribe any minimum distribution of convenience outlets or lighting

fixtures throughout various rooms, for the most part, the requirement is stated in terms of "satisfactory illumination,"

"supply electrical energy for proper illumination appliances,

resident security," etc. The Code Enforcement Guidelines

for Residential Rehabilitation performance statement, however, is limited to "satisfactory illumination."

As indicated previously, the HUD Minimum Rehabilitation

Standards extends its requirements to areas not covered by

the Code Enforcement Guidelines for Residential Rehabilitation . These areas are emergency lighting, communication and alarm

systems and specific requirements in housing for the elderly

and projects involving living units for the handicapped.
B . 3 Between Housing Codes and I ehabllitation Guidelines

The requirements compared in this code area differ significantly between the two classes of code documents in that the housing codes concentrate on the existing situation and are prescriptive in their treatment of provisions, whereas the rehabilitation guidelines are concerned primarily with the installation of new electrical systems to meet modern stan- dards.

K6
TABI^ li

ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS - SUMMARY COMPARISON OF PROVISIONS

87
ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS - Summary Comparison of Provisions

APHA CDC RECOMMENDED

SUBJECT MATTER HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE, HOUSING CODE. UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1975 REV, 1974 1979 EDITIDN |ICB0)

A. ELECTRIC SERVICE

I. AVAILABILITY

a. Requires that electric

service be supplied

° where available within 300 feet of building° YES - connected to approved source

of supply

1

° where available, within 300 feet

of building

2. SERVICE CAPACITY

a. Requires min. service supply

capacity

° at least one 15 amp. circuit per dwelling unit

° no sharing with other units

° at least one 15 amp. lighting

branch circuit per each 400 sq. ft. of floor area in dwelling unit

“ at least one 15 amp. small appliance branch circuit in kitchens

3. INSTALLATION

a. Contains requirements for installation, maintenance

and operational restrictions

° YES - installation

- maintenance

- operation

° YES - Installation

- maintenance

- operation

° YES - installation

- maintenance

4. EXISTING CONDITIONS

a. Requires correction/replac

ment of hazardous or inad- equate existing systems,

equipment or wiring

1

;k
ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS - Summary Comparison of Provisions (Cont.)

STANDARD HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION

jSBCCII

basic property maintenance

CODE. 1978 EDITION

(BOCAI

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR Residential rehabilitation for residential properties,

(BOCA) FEB. 1978

° where available to the hiilldlng " where available to the. biillcHnp, ° YES ° YES

” supply electrical energy for proper Illumination, appliances

and equipment

" at least two 15 amp. general

lighting circuits and one 20 amp. appliance circuit per dwelling

unit

® YF.S - Installation

- maintenance

° YES - Installation

- maintenance

° YES - Installation ° YES - Installation

° YES - correct defects to eliminate

liaz^ards

(

” YES - replace, alter, or repair

- replace existing systems of Inadequate capacity

” YES - replace potential hazxard

sources

- Increase capacity of Inad- equate facilities

I
=LECTRICAL requirements - Summary Comparison of Provisions (Cont.)

APHA COC recommended

SUBJECT MATTER HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE, HOUSING CODE. UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1975 REV, 1974 1979 EDITION (ICBO)

B. ELECTRICAL FACILITIES *

1. HABITABLE ROOMS

a. Min. electrical convenience

outlets or lighting fixture; per habitable room

° 2 separate outlets 1/ 2/

- or -

° 1 outlet and 1 wall or celling light

f Ixture

° 1 outlet per 20 ft. (or fraction)

of perimeter of room

° 1 llglit fixture may substitute for

1 outlet

“ 2 separate outlets

- or -

° 1 outlet and 1 light fixture

2. KITCHENS

a. Min. electrical convenience

outlets or lighting fix- tures

° A/ ° 2 outlets and 1 light fixture ° 5/

3. NON-HABITABLE ROOMS

a. Min. electrical convenience

outlets or lighting fix- tures

° 1 celling or wall-type light fixture ° 1 outlet and 1 light fixture 6/ 7/ ° 1 liglit fixture

4. OTHER SPACES * a. Provides for artificial

llglitlng of other interior spaces of buildings

° YES - furnace rooms

- public halls

- stairways

° YES - furnace room

- garages 10/

- Iiallways

- exits 7/

- all public spaces

° YES - public hallways

- stairways

- exitways

- furnace room

5. EXTERIOR AREAS

a. Provides for artificial

lighting of exterior areas

of buildings

NO ° YES \Q!

- entranceways

- walks

- driveways

- facilities used by pedestrians

NO

MOTES

1/ specifies wall type duplex outlets

2/ no duplex outlet Shall serve more t A/ by definition, same requirement as

3/ assumed to be same re<|uirement as :

hail two fixtures or appliances . for habitable room

or habitable rooms

6/ furnace rcxjnis, storage rooms, work sliops, and similar service rooms shall have min. of one light fixture

l_l light svjiCches required for control 1 Ing Hglils whicli Illuminate points of entrance Co huiidlngs

10/ applies to multiple dwelling premises

* See also summary chart - on "Light ajid illumination Kerpii rements"

‘>0
requirements - Summary Comparison of Provisions (Cont.} nou •raau.'l, mimivlUM

STANDARD HDUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION

(SBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

IBOCA)

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCA)

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

° 2 separate outlets

" 2 separate outlets plus 1 wall switch controlled light fixture

In bedrooms

° 2 separate outlets

- or -

° 1 outlet and 1 light fixture

° distribution shall he so as to provide satisfactory Illumination

3/

° provide electrical service for proper Illumination, appliances,

resident security and equipment

3/

° 3 outlets and light fixture controlled by wall switch

° 3 outlets

- or -

° 2 outlets and 1 wall or celling

light

(same as habitable rooms) (same as habitable rooms)

° 1 outlet and 1 light fixture 8/ 9/ ”

1 outlet and 1 light fixture 8/ (same as habitable rooms) (same as habitable rooms)

° YES - furnace room

- common halls 10/

- stairways 10/

° YES - furnace room

- common halls 10/

- stairways 10/

(same as habitable rooms) (same as habitable rooms)

NO NO NO NO

MOTES

3/ applies to all rooms and spaces

8/ outlet required In bathrooms and laundry rooms

9/ In bathrooms the llglit fixture shall be controlled by a wall switch

10/ applies to multiple dwelling premises
19. COMPARISON OF PLUMBING REQUIREMENTS*

A. Extent of Coverage

For purposes of housing codes and rehabilitation of buildings

for residential occupancy, plumbing may be defined as the practice, materials, and fixtures used in the installation,

maintenance, and alteration of all piping, fixtures, appliances, and appurtenances in connection with sanitary or storm drainage facilities, the venting system, and the public or private water-supply systems. Generally, an inspection of existing housing involves a condition- assessment of three primary areas with regard to plumbing.

An adequate potable water supply system; a safe, adequate

drainage system, and proper fixtures and equipment including facilities for hot water supply and storage. In these three areas, all of the codes examined provide some degree of coverage. The depth and extent of coverage in any one area however varies from code to code. For example, proper venting of the drainage, waste, and vent (DWV) system is not mentioned in any of the housing codes and is only slightly

covered in the rehabilitation guidelines. The provision for

a storm drainage system is nominally a plumbing requirement.

Two of housing codes - Iniform Housing Code and Standard Housing Code - do not provide coverage for storm water

disposal from roofs of buildings.

In the organization of the provisions in the several codes,

the treatment of plumbing requirements in certain instances

is inconspicuously placed under a major heading entitled

The summary comparison charts relating to Plumbing

Requirements immediately follow this discussion on pp. Appendix K at the rear of this report contains the actual

(or in some cases abstracted) code provisions along with

the appropriate source citation.

"Sanitary Facilities" or "Basic Equipment and Facilities."

The HUD Rehabilitation Standards places plumbing requirements

in a chapter entitled "Mechanical Equipment." Other codes,

however, devote a separate chapter or major article to "Plumbing Facilities and Requirements."

Only one of the seven codes studied (i.e., the Basic Property

Maintenance Code ) gave any consideration to water conservation measures.

B*. Significant Findings

B . 1 Among Housing Codes

The five housing codes are in general agreement on the source and availability of the domestic water supply. They

all specify an "approved" source of supply with the New York State Model Housing Code requiring connection to a public water supply system under certain conditions of proximity

and type of dwelling. The same level of code agreement and intent generally exists for the sewage drainage system

except that two codes - New York State Model Housing Code and Basic Property Maintenance Code - require main cleanouts and maintenance of DWV system.

All of the housing codes except one specify that "hot water"

or "heated water" facilities be provided. The Basic Property

Maintenance Code leaves the requirement for hot water on a "where provided" basis. The minimum temperature for hot water varied considerably among the five codes. The temper- ature varied from a low of 110°F (Uniform Housing Code ) to a high 130°F to 140°F range from 6:00 a.m. to midnight

( New York State Model Housing Code ). The other three housing

codes were in agreement with a minimum temperature of 120°F. The Standard Housing Code is the only code with a specific

requirement for the storage capacity (i.e., 30 gallons) for

the water heater; whereas, specific safety controls or maintenance procedures for the water heating system were covered

in only three of the codes ( New York State Model Housing

Code , Standard Housing Code , and Basic Property Maintenance

Code)
With certain variations regarding accessibility, privacy and clearances, the plumbing fixtures and facilities required by the codes were consistent. The subject of installation and maintenance of plubing fixtures was also covered, though

differently, in each of the housing codes. Two of the codes

( New York State Model Housing Code and Ba sic Property Mainte- nance Code ) had a requirement for access ibi 1 i ty to fixtures

for cleaning and repairs. The Uniform Housing Code singularly requires plumbing fixtures to be of an approved glazed earthenware type or similar nonabsorbent material.

The use of privies are specifically prohibited by the New York State Model Housing Code as are wooden sinks by the Unj form Housing Code. Al so, the New York State Model Housing Code

has individual requirements on the construction and maintenance of water supply tanks. As previously mentioned

a storm water disposal system is not required by two of the five housing codes.

The Basic Property Maintenance Code was alone in its coverage of water saving plumbing fixtures as replacements where

required by local energy or plumbing codes.

B . 2 Between Rehabilitation Guidelines

The two rehabilitation guidelines are consistent with each other in their treatment of plumbing requirements. The only

exception is the fact that the HUD Rehabilitation Standard

gives special treatment to plumbing fixtures and plumbing

facilities in housing for the elderly and access for the handicapped. Specific reference is made to the requirements

in the ANSI A117.1 Standard. The HUD document also has specific restrictions on the physical location of gas or oil fired water heaters within the dwelling and the proper venting of such appliances. Neither of the guideline docu- ments give a specific minimum temperature level or range to be maintained for domestic hot wrter. The two guidelines

also specify in general terms fhi conditions under which

existing plumbing facilities may continue in use for properties subject to rehabilitation. The lack of any objective

criteria or more technically appropriate guidance will make

such determinations difficult or impossible. New plumbing

installations or additions to the plumbing system are to be installed in compliance with the requirements of the respective plumbing code or the HUD Minimum Property Standards for new construction. The Code fenforcemerTt Guidelines for Residenti al Rehabilitation relates back to local regulations for storm drainage system requirements.

B . 3 Between Housing Codes and Rehabilitation Guideline s

There does not appear to be significant differences between

the housing codes as a group and the two rehabilitation

guidelines regarding the overall intent in the treatment of plumbing requirements. The only perceivable difference is one of context - certain of the provisions in the rehabilitation guidelines being somewhat of a performance nature and slanted toward renovation and reconstruction while the housing codes as a group emphasize ongoing maintenance and upkeep with some intermixing of health and sanitation con- cerns .

93
fffl

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< r-*iMiia«>m*»*dw#a|w

« 14 iffl iiMav« t«v

lifer--

.M$ ^«(l <» tJlt(><M^^

1f%# s*»i^.a^s - ;• >vs.<’1^7 ^-Sfis, "a 'ftpJl-'PfTwT'ik t^ycsf

i^uof » irtf-

' 4 '^> %,«.' *j -^, , >r iv^'' jt.'j;'.' '1^

-fc«^ .jM^i^ftfoiiijjt'

_ ,,,. ;

,,, '.,,5 . irj i5ka«lr*,

•, mm Hw»4-‘'<''1‘^^ .,_
TABLE 12

PLUMBING REQUIREMENTS - SUMMARY COMPARISON OF PROVISIONS
PLUMBING REQOIREMENTS - Summary Comparison of Provisions

APHA COC RECOMMENDED

SUBJECT MATTER HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE, HOUSING CODE. UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1975 REV, 1974 1979 EDITION (ICBO)

A. WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION

1. AVAILABILITY

a. Source and type of domestic

water supply system re- quired

“ approved supply source and system

° provide adequate amount of heated

and unheated water under pressure

° available at all times

° potable water from approved

source

° sufficient volume and pressure

° available* at all times

° no contamination

° connection to public water supply

may be required 1/

° approved supply source and system

° provide hot and cold running water

° quantities necessary for normal operation

B. SEWAGE DRAINAGE SYSTEM

1. MEANS OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL

a. Type of system ° approved sewer system ° public sewer or other approved

system

° connection to a public sanitary

sewer system may be required 1/

° no discharges Into New York State waters

° sanitary sewer or approved

private system

2. Gl.EANOUTS/MAINTENANGE

a. Covers maintenance of sewage system

° provide and maintain adequate cleanouts

C. WATER HEATING, STORAGE AND DIS- TR i BUT ION

1. HOT WATER SUPPLY

a. Minimum water temperature

to be mainLaJnecI

° 120°F at the outlet at all times 3/ ° 130°F to 1A0°F from 6:00 a.m. to midnight 2/° 110°F at the fixtures 3/

NOTES:

1/ llie source of water supply and means of sewage disposal for a one-and two-fanilly dwelling shall be a public water supply system and public sanitary sewer system when such a system Is within 100 ft. of the promises; for multiple dwelling the distance Is 500 ft. applies lo one-and Iwo-Caniily dwellings not wholly owner occupied and all multiple dwellings

)/ I .il . II r I i/iii "ni- r I ,, I I stnlloii of i;ude lUii uiiieiii
PLUMBING REQUIREMENTS - Summary Comparison of Provisions (Cont.)

140.4, MINIMUM

standard housing code, basic property Maintenance code enforcement guidelines standards for rehabilitation

1979 EDITION CODE, 1978 EDITION FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES.

jSBCCI) IBOCA) (BOCAl FEB. 1978

" potable water supply

“ approved water distribution

system

" adequate supply of hot and cold water

public or an approved private

water supply system

® no contamination

® siiFflclent volume and pressure of water

° approved public or private water supply system

” satisfactory hot and cold water

° satisfactory water supply

” approved sewer system public or an approved private sew- age system

° approved public or private sanitary sewer system

° satisfactory drainage and ventlnp

of system

° satisfactory drainage and venting of fixtures

“ maintain and keep free of obstruction, leaks, health hazards

° ]20”F at the fixtures ° where provided

° 12(1'’F at the fixtures

° provide hot water system ® provide domestic hot wnter

system

97
PLUMBING REQUIREMENTS - Summary Comparison of Provisions (Cont.)

APHA CDC RECOMMENDED

SUBJECT MATTER HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE, HOUSING CODE, UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1975 REV. 1974 ~ 1979 EDITION (ICBO)

2. STORAGE AND DISTRIBUTION

a. Minimum storage capacity of water heater

° provide supply and distribution

system

“ provide supply and distribution

system

1

° necessary for normal operation

3. SAFETY CONTROLS /MAINTENANCE

a. Requires safety devices or operational controls

° safety devices to relieve hazardous pressures and excessive temperatures

D. PLUMBING FIXTURES

1. BASIC PLUMBING FIXTURES AND FACILITIES

a. Minimum requirements per dwelling unit

“ sink in kitchen

° flush water closet, lavatory sink, and batlitub or shower in bathroom 4/

° kitchen sink, water closet, bathtub or shower, lavatory 4/

° hot and cold water to every sink,

lavatory, bathtub and shower

° sink in kitchen

° water closet, lavatory, and bathtub or shower In bathroom

2. INSTALLATION/MAINTENANCE

a. Covers Installation and maintenance requirements or operational reHtrictions

° YES

- Installation

- maintenance

° YES

- installation

- maintenance

- accessibility

° YES

- installation

- maintenance

NOTES:

4/ ItJvaLory may be located In close proximity to door leading to water closet 98
PLUMBING REQUIREMENTS - Summary Comparison of Provisions jCont.)

STANDARD HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION

ISBCCII

basic property maintenance

CODE. 197B EDITION

(BOCA)

Hud 4940.4, Minimum

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

(BOCA) FEB. 1978

” 30 Ral. ° adequate amount for required facilities and fixtures

° provide supply and distribution

system

° quantities sufficient for needs

of occupants

° suggests 30 gal. for gas or oll-flred and 52 gal. for electric water heaters 7/

° proper Installation and maintenance

° operate Independent of dwelling

unit heating facilities

° approved Installation, properly

maintained and connected

° properly Installed, connected

and maintained

° no water heaters In sleeping

rooms

° no gas or oll-flred heaters In bathroom closets, under stall

ways or 1 neon firmed spaces

° water heaters to be properly

vented to exterior

® kitchen sink, lavatory, tub or shower, and water closet

° kitchen sink 5/, lavatory 4/ water

closet, and bathtub or shower

“ hot and cold water to every sink,

lavatory and shower

” sink In kitchen

° water closet, lavatory 4/, and bathtub or shower In bathroom

° hot and cold water to every sink,

lavatory and shower

” sink In kitchen

° water closet, bathtub or shower,

and lavatory

° hot and cold water to every

sink, lavatory and shower

° special provisions for elderly

and handicapped

" YFS

- Installation

- maintenance

’ YFS

- Installation

- maintenance

- accessibility

” YF.S - Installation

- maintenance

° YES

- Installation

- maintenance

NQTF.S

;

Invatory mny hr locnted In

5/ kllclu'n sink lo lip lorntnl

7/ '*nff prnk*' rpstrictinn lor

close proximity to door lendlnt to wntcr closet

npnrt from lavatory

capacity ot eUn lrlc water liealers

99
PLUMBING REQUIREMENTS - Summary Comparison of Provisions (Cont.)

APHA COC RECOMMENDED

SUBJECT MATTER HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY OROINANCE, HOUSING CODE, UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1975 REV. 1974 1979 EDITION (ICBO)

3. EXISTING CONDITIONS

a. Allows continued use of existing plumbing systems

}

4. PROHIBITED USES

a. Specifically cited restrictions

° privies are prohibited on residential premises

° wooden sinks or other absorbent material not permitted

5. WATER CONSERVATION

a. Water saving plumbing

fixtures required

E. WATER SUPPLY TANKS

I .Maintenance and operation

a. Provisions for water supply

tanks

° YES

- maintenance

- construction

- operation

F. STORM DRAINA(;E SYSTEM

1. STORM WATER DISPOSAL

a. Covers disposal of storm

water from roofs of buildings

° YES

- gutters, leaders and downspouts

° YES

- approved storm water disposal

system

100
20. COMPARISON OF HEALTH AND SANITATION REQUIREMENTS

A . Extent of Coverage

Provisions in this section rf the comparison have as their purpose the prevention and control of communicable diseases

and unhealthy conditions. They address those unwanted,

unhealthy situations that are not conducive to good hygiene

or a healthful environment for human habitability. All of

the codes examined except one, Code Enforcement Guidelines

for Residential Rehabil i tation , provide some degree of coverage on the subject of health and sanitation. Organizationally, the requirements are placed in the codes under one

of two main headings - either a "sanitation" requirements

section or a section that delineates the respective responsibilities of ov/ners and occupants for such matters as garbage

disposal, trash removal or extermination of insects. In some of the codes, the health and sanitation provisions are intermingled with the plumbing requirements. Some variation

exists among the codes studied on the restriction of metallic

lead allowed in paint on surfaces.

B . Si gnificant Findings

B . 1 Among Housing Codes

The most extensive and detailed provisions on all aspects of health and sanitation are those contained in the APHACDC Recommended Housing and Occupancy Ord i nance . Cr i ter i

a

The summary comparison charts relating to Health and Sanitation Requirements immediately follow this discuss'ion on pp. 103- Appendix Eat the rear of this report contains

the actual (or in some cases abstracted) code provisions

along with the appropriate source citation.

are given in such items as garbage can storage areas, requirements for rat-free premises and ratproof conditions,

and extermination of insects. All of the other housing

codes also address these items in varying degrees. The Uniform Housi ng Code's coverage is included in a chapter

that defines the many factors that constitute a substandard

building.

The housing codes do have some variation among them with

regard to the restriction on lead-based paint and the level of toxic substances allowed. The abatement of the hazard

from toxic substances is handled as follows by the housing

codes studied.

TOXICITY LEVEL ALLOWED

FOR NEW PAINT ON HOUSING CODE SUREACES OF DWELLING

APHA-CDC Recommended Ordinance

New York State Model Housing Code Uniform Housing Code Standard Housing Code

Basic Property Maintenance Code

no lead-based paint allowed

less than 1% metallic lead

no requirement

no requirement

less than 0.5X lead

B . 2 Between Rehabilitation Guidelines

Of the two building rehabilitation guideline documents, the HUD Minimum Standards addresses most of the health and sanitation items covered by the housing codes. It requires

that disposal of trash and garbage be provided for, that

the building be vermin proof and an inspection for infestations take place prior to rehabilitation activities. The

Code Enforcement Guidel ines for Residential Rehabilitation

does not address any of these considerations. The only

code area where differences were found to exist is in the toxicity levels allowed for paint. The Code Enforcement

Guidelines for Residential Rehabilitation absolutely
require lead-free paint on interior surfaces and specifies

that existing paint with more than 0.5% lead content be removed. This contrast with the HUD Minimum Standards which allows paint with no more than 0.6% lead content to be used.

B. 3 Between Housing Codes and Rehabilitation Guidelines

The differences are not significant

health and sanitation issues, except

based paint hazards, betv;een the two this element of comparison. Certain

into more details and the provisions

regard to owner/occupant obligations

in the treatment of

for abatement of lead- types of documents on

of the housing codes go are more germain with

and responsibilities.

102
TABLE 13

HEALTH AND SANITATION - SUMMARY COMPARISON OF PROVISIONS
HEALTH AND SANITATION - Summary Comparison of Provisions

APHA CDC RECOMMENDED

SUBJECT MATTER HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE, HOUSING CODE, UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1975 REV, 1974 1979 EDITION (ICBO)

A. REFUSE COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL

1. REQIREMENTS FOR TRASH, GARBAGE AND REFUSE

a. Covers collection, storage,

handling and disposal of garbage and refuse

° YES - collection

- storage

- disposal

° YES - collection

- |Storage

- disposal

° YES 1/ - storage

- disposal

b. Contains specific restrictions or limitations on

d 1 spusal

° YES - bulk containers

- extensive provisions on garbage

containers

- type of garbage disposal faci1 1 t les

° YES - public halls

- stairways

- refrigerators with locks

- abondoned vehicles

B. HARBORAGE OF INSECTS AND RODENTS

1. PROTECTIVE MEASURES

a. Requirements for protection

from insects, vermin, ro- dents, and otlier infestation

° window screens

° extermination

° accumulations

° vermin-proofing

° storage procedures

° screens

° maintenance procedures

° self-closing doors

° infestations as determined by health officer 1/

C. LEAD-BASED PAINT

1 . ABATEMENT OF HAZARDS

at Contains restrictions on

use of lead-based paint

and other toxic substances

YES - maintain free from toxic substances

- no lead-based paint on any surface

° YES - use no paint with more than

1% lead

- treat surfaces tliat have existing hazzards

D. MAINTENANCE OF SANITARY CONDI- TIONS

i" DWELLING UNIT SANITATION

a. Requires that sanitary

coiid i C ions be inalnLalned

° YES - primarily by occupant ° YES - primarily built elements

(floors, walls, windows)

- cosmetic features (peeling

pa 1 n t

° YES - primarily plumbing facilities (bathroom,

kitchen)

...

IIOTKS

1/ as relaLucJ to def In 1 1 Ion of "Substandard linijding" 104
HEALTH AND SANITATION (Cont.)

HUD 4940.4, Minimum

STANDARD HOUSING CODE.

1979 EDITION

ISBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCA)

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

YTS - collection

- stornge

- dlsposnl

" YES - collection

- storage

- disposal

YES - collection

- storage

- disposal

YF.S - nhondoned vehicles

- npptinnces

- glass

- hull ding materials

^ YES - public halls

- sta 1 rwa ys

” YES - access to incinerator from

piibl ic cor r idor s

extermination of Insects, rodents,

etc

° extermination

° proper precautions

° rodent-proof conditions

elimination of Infestation

" protection

” correction of defects

° protection of openings and passageways

” YKS - use no p.nint witli more than

0.5% lead

‘

- treat surfaces that have exist

Ing haxxards

YES - use lead free paint on interior surfaces

- remove paint having more

than 0.5% lead content

" YES - use no paint with more than 0.6% lead

- treat existing hazzards as determined by local HUD office

YDS - primarily plumbing fixtures ° YES - bathroom and kitrlten floors

- free from dampness

- food preparation

105
HEALTH AND SANITATION (Cont.)

SUBJECT MATTER

APHA-CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE,

1975 REV.

NEW YORK STATE MODEL

HOUSING CODE.

1974

UNIFDRM HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION |ICBO|
HEALTH AND SANITATION (Cont.)

STANDARD HDUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION

(SBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

(BOCA) FEB. 1978

o Every occupant of a structure orpart

thereof shall keep that part of the structure or premises thereof which

he occupies, controls, or uses In a clean and sanitary condition. Every owner of dwelling containing two (2) or more dwelling units shall maintain In a clean and sanitary condition the shared or public areas of

the dwelling and premises thereof.

(PM-801 .1) o Ml spaces used nr Intended to be used for food preparation shall contain suitable space and equipment

to store, prepare and serve foods In

a sanitary manner. There shall be adequate facilities and services for

the sanitary disposal of food wastes

and refuse. Including facilities for temporary storage where necessary.

(rM-801.6)

o The owner or occupant of a structure

or part thereof shall keep the sup- plied equipment and fixtures therein clean and sanitary, and shall be responsible for the exer'clse of reasonable care In their proper use and operation. (PM-801. 7) o The equipment and fixtures fur- nished by the occupant of a structure shall he properly Installed,

and shall be maintained In good

working condition, kept clean and sanitary, and free of defects, leaks

or ob.struct Ions . (PM-801. 8)
HEALTH AND SANITATION (Cont.)

STANDARD HOUSING CODE.

1979 EDITION

(SBCCIj

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

|B0CA|

HUO 4940.4, MINIMUM

CODE ENFDRCEMENT GUIDELINES STANDARDS FDR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES.

(BOCA) FEB. 1978

° YES

- if free of fouling and clogglnf

- no cr^ss connections

“ YES

- If free of fouling and clogging

- no cross connections

° YES

- replaced plumbing fixtures to be water saving construced 6/

° YES

- approved storm water disposal

system

° YES

- as required by applicable code

or ordinance

° YES

- controlled method of disposal

NOTKS

6/ as may be re(|iiired by local energy and plumbing codes

108
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9lMt»4aH i^tll ^aJ2 Jioy *rt« *41 nl IrjU^vovi liM<9 *» fofiwao

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Ww .ootiMlaaCn ,*w»l|*Mii»»»o3

cartwinutoM •S5t£ij«fflB^^-tiia«!?^

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tZ 'OOfeoC? Wjyi/n lM but! *41

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»:t tsuU ib .ijil()^*Ml nU^iap

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->t>ow< t*<*^*^ *41 t4 •ftltmoa* *4 •< b#ito^ ^Ibft

ywiJtiw »ui» ow JM!>f it w«< *“— '

•N*<U bw .ol sWttWiA Myllflbt' lMt» *inlW'

rToi»v*f3 oi wiiitl^n ii-Udi, wH

Ijlf qq M» tjof ea«oif^ »«#ifo> uloiiUhawit r*uJ> *41 aaUioM JWtW *l4i »0 *4J i» !

rt>)» itm.(t ««il*lv<>iq >bo»„ *imbi «B* ^ *»» W

oTtoo/ •itr^ft’Wpi* ««M
21. COMPARISON OF ELEVATOR REQUIREMENTS*

A. Extent of Coverage

Provisions covering elevator, escalator, and dumbwaiter

installations in multiple dwelling tall buildings are con- tained in three of the seven codes reviewed. The three codes are the New York State Model Housing Code , the Ba sic Property Maintenance Code , and the HUD Minimum Design Stan- dards for Rehabilitation for Residential PropertiesT Thi provisions are general in nature with no specific require- ments for periodic safety inspections or operational tests of existing installations. No direct reference is made to nationally recognized standards such as ANSI A17.1, "American

National Standard Safety Code for Elevators, Dumbwaiters, Escalators and Moving Walks." In addition to the customary

requirements for maintenance and upkeep, the most extensive coverage is that provided in the New York State Model Housing

Code for such elements as fire hazards, placarding for design capacity, emergency communications, illumination, and safety devices. The Basic Property Maintenance Code limits coverage to general maintenance, safety, and fire hazards.

The Hud Minimum Design Standards has specific requirements

that elevators be provided in rehabilitated buildings of certain height if they are to be used for elderly housing.

Buildings required to be accessible by the physically handi- capped must have at least one elevator comply with ANSI A117.1,

("Making Buildings and Facilities Accessible to, and Usable

The summary comparison charts relating to Elevators immediately follow this discussion on pp.lll^. Appendix M at the rear of this report contains the actual

(or in some cases abstracted) code provisions along with

the appropriate source citation.

110

by, the Physically Handicapped"). It further suggests that four story buildings with six or more living units per floor

be elevated based on market acceptance considerations and

that correspondingly taller buildings definitely provide elevator service. The Hud Minimum Property Standards for

Mul tifamily Housing (HUD 4910.1) is referenced as a guide

for the design and installation of new elevators in rehabilitated buildings.
TABLE 14

ELEVATORS - SUMMARY COMPARISON OF PROVISIONS
SUBJECT MATTER

A. ELEVATORS. DUMBWAITERS AND

ESCALATORS IN MULTIPLE DljELLINGS

1 . CONSTRUCTION. INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS

a. Safety and service ability

ELEVATORS - Summary Comparison of Provisions

APHA CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE, HOUSING CODE,

1975 REV, 1974

° YES - ’elevators

- escalators

- dumbwaiters

- hoistways

- pits

- machine rooms

- safety devices

112

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION |ICB0)
ELEVATORS (Cont.)

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARD HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION

(SBCCII

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCAl

standards for REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

° YES - elevators

- esralators

- diimbwa Iters

" YES - elevators

- specific provisions for:

- elderly

- handicapped

111
22. COMPARISON OF CHIMNEYS, VENTS AND INCINERATORS*

A. Extent of Coverage

Chimneys, vents and incinerators being integral parts of many existing buildings pose significant building

safety hazards if not installed or maintained properly.

The connotation of vents in this section of the comparison is intended to denote gas vents and exhaust flues from stoves, furnaces and water heaters. Code coverage was included in six of the seven documents reviewed. However, only the New York State Model Housing Code , had extensive

provisions on all types of the subject components (i.e.,

chimneys, flues, gas vents, spark arresters, incinerators,

etc.). The other codes concentrated on chimneys,

primarily and some had a few provisions on vents. These

codes referred to local regulations or a model building

code for the conforming regulations. In some of the provisions, coverage is combined with that for fireplaces.

For purposes of this study, the comparison of provisions

on fireplaces is contained in the summary comparison

table on "Fire Protection/Fire Safety" (see pp. 49)

B. Significant Findings

B.l Among Housing Codes

The APHA-CDC Recoinnended Housing and Occupancy Oridinance

defers to local regulations for construction and instal la- tion reguirements of chimneys, flues, and smoke pipes.

No maintenance or upkeep provisions are given.

The suiimary comparison charts relating to Chimneys,

Vents and Incinerators iinnediately follow this discussion

on pp.ll^. Appendix N at the rear of this report contains

the actual (or in some cases abstracted) code provisions

along with the appropriate source citation.

As indicated above the New York State Model Housing Code has

the most extensive coverage on chimneys, flues, gas vents

and incinerators of all the codes examined. Many of the provisions, however, have a connotation that would make them applicable only to new construction or original installations

of these devices. It would seem that many existing dwellings would not be able to comply with many of the provisions

applicable to this class of components as the provisions are presented in this code.

Coverage ’in the Uniform Housing Code is limited to those several violations which are included in the overall definition of a "substandard building" in Chapter 10 of the code. The hazard as defined relates only to structural soundness

of such installations. The Standard Housing Code does not have any provisions dealing with chimneys, vents or incinerators. The Basic Property Maintenance Code covers both the structural soundness and some of the fire hazard aspects of chimneys, flues, and vents.

B.2 Between Rehabilitation Guidelines

Chimneys, flues, and vents are required to be safe, sound,

and smoketight or be capable of being restored to such a condition according to the Code Enforcement for Residential Rehabilitation . This code also requires the tops of chimneys

to be extended as necessary to meet the draft provisions of applicable code requirements for new construction.

The HUD Minimum Standards for Rehabilitation covers structural , durability, and fire safety aspects of chimneys,

vents and incinerators. It also provides guidance on existing unlined masonry chimneys and sugiests that they be either removed or upgraded by the installation of a flue liner or corrosion-resistant pipe. The HUD document was the only code reviewed that specifically required compliance

labeling of factory-built chimneys.

114
B . 3 Between Housing Codes and Rehabilitation Guidelines

Where covered, housing codes concentrate on structural conditions with little on fire safety. Also, without specific

provisions the housing codes stress construction and instal- lation and not maintenance. The rehabilitation guidelines

tend toward upgrading to the performance levels of new construction.

CHIMNEYS, VENTS & INCINERATORS - SUMMARY COMPARISON OF PROVISIONS

117
CHIMNEYS, VENTS & INCINERATORS - Summary Comparison of Provisions

APHA CDC RECOMMENDED

SUBJECT MATTER HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE, HOUSING CODE. UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1975 REV. 1974 1979 EDITION (ICBO)

A. CHIMNEYS, FLUES AND VENTS

1. CONSTRUCTION, INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS

a. Safety and serviceability ° in conformance with local regulations

° structurally safe, durable, smoke

tight, noncombustible

° specific criteria given,

- see Appendix N

“ shall not settle, list or bulge 1/

“ shall be of proper size and strength 1/

b. Draft ° provide sufficient draft

c. Fire Safety ° surface temperature of adjacent

combustible construction not to

to exceed 175°F

2. FACTORY-BUILT CHIMNEYS

a. Product labeling and installs t Ion

3 . SPARK ARRESTERS

a. Retpiires installation of spark arresters

° YES

- on cliininey or flue which emit spark

- on incinerators

NOl'ES

1/ as Interpreted from Chapter lO's definition of a "substandard building"

IIH
CHIMNEYS, VENTS & INCINERATORS - Summary Comparison of Provisions (Cont.)

f

HUD 4940.4, minimum

STANDARDS FDR REHABILIT/ITION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1970

® structurally safe, stable protected

from elements

° structurally safe, durable smoke

tight

” structurally safe, durable smoke

tight

” flue liners suggested for chim- neys

° extend top of chimneys to pro- vide proper draw 2/

” maintain required clearances to combustible materials

“ labeled by Underwriters' I.abora- tory and installed In accordance

with listing

STANDARD HOUSING CODE.

1979 EDITION

jSBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

CODE enforcement GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

IBOCAl

NOTKS

:

2/ as rpqiilreci by the btillHIriR code for new construction

119
CHIMNEYS, VENTS & INCINERATORS - Summary Comparison of Provisions (Cont.)

APHA CDC RECOMMENDED

SUBJECT MATTER HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE. HOUSING CODE. UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1975 REV, t974 1979 EDITION (ICBO)

B. INCINEEIATORS

1. CONSTRUCTION, INSTALLATION, AND MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS

a. Safety and serviceability ° requiremepts for

- capacity

- contmlnents

- combustion

- spark arrester

- connections

- alignment

b. Service openings ° requirements for

- accessibility

- self-closing devices

- bazzard signs and graphics

c. Incinerator rooms and refuse

rooms

° requirements for

- heat transmission

- safety devices

120
CHIMNEYS. VENTS & INCINERATORS - Summary Comparison of Provisions jCont.)

HUD 4940.4, Minimum

STANDARD HDUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION

(SBCCIj

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

IBOCA)

CODE enforcement GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCA)

standards for rehabilitation

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

° .shall be -structurally safe -smoket 1 Rlit -withstand action of fine gases

m
23. COMPARISON OF NOISE ABATEMENT REQUIREMENTS*

A. Extent of Coverage

Meaningful regulatory provisions aimed at securing a quieter

residential environment is a relatively new development

although the problem of noise has been recognized as a threat to the public health for some time. One reason for this unfamiliarity with acoustics is that antinoise regulations have been difficult to enforce and thus perceived as being more or less unworkable.

Noise can come into the home not only from the outdoor

environment, but also in the case of multiple dwellings from neighboring units. Provisions to control or isolate noise

in buildings once they have been completed are difficult or impossible to enforce; they can only be met in the course of

a buildings initial construction or major rehabilitation.

For this reason, such requirements are not extensively

covered, if at all, in housing codes.

The New York State Housing Code is the only housing code to even mention noise control and does so only briefly. It is covered in the form of a restriction on noise producing home occupations. The HUD Minimum Design Standards is the only other document reviewed that addresses the subject of noise

control. It does so in the form of a guide section with suggested design and construction items of good practice to be followed when extensive rehabilitation or new construction

are contemplated. It provides suggested minimum sound transmission class (STC) rating and impact noise ratios

The summary comparison charts relating to Noise Abatement

Requirements inmediately follow this discussion on pp. 103. Appendix 0 at the rear of this report contains the actual

(or in some cases abstracted) code provisions along with

the appropriate source citation.

(INR) for the type of construction. Other considerations

include isolation of mechanical equipment, ducts, piping,

and improved spatial arrangements.

122
TABLE 16

NOISE ABATEMENT REQUIREMENTS - SUMMARY COMPARISON OF PROVISIONS
NOISE ABATEMENT REQUIR^iyiENTS

APHA COC RECOMMENDED

SUBJECT MATTER HOUSING MAINTENANCE

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE,

1975 REV,

A. NOISE CONTROL

1. NOISE REDUCTION AND ISOLATION

a. Contains provisions on control of noise in or between dwelling units

Summary Comparison of Provisions

NEW YORK STATE MODEL

HOUSING CODE,

1974

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION |ICB0)

YES - prolilblts certain home

I occupations which produce

offensive noise

124
STANDARD HDUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION

(SBCCII

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITIDN

(BOCA)

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

(BOCA) FEB. 1978

” YES - suggests various noise reduction and noise Isola- tion techniques be considered

during design and construct Ion

125
24. COMPARISON OF QUALITY OF MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS*

A. Extent of Coverage

Bpth of the rehabilitation guideline documents reviewed in this study devote a separate chapter or section of their provisions to the subject of quality assurance for construction materials and products used as replacements or additions

in the rehabilitation of buildings. The Code Enforcement

Guidelines for Residential Rehabilitation also includes "methods"

of construction which implies workmanship standards and skill levels for fabrication and installation operations.

By contrast the housing codes do not cover the subject of compliance assurance except in the case of the APHA-CDE Recommended Housing Maintenance and Occupancy Ordinance

and the Uniform Housing Code where incidental treatment is given.

The rehabilitation guideline documents require products

to conform to nationally recognized standards and accepted practice standards. They conditionally allow

use of second hand materials subject to administrative

approval and in the case of the HUD Standards for Rehabilitation when such second hand items also meet

the standards of equivalent new materials. Only the Code Enforceme nt ielines for Residential Rehabilitation

provides an allowance for the use of alternate products

and materials after analysis, evaluation, and approval

of the appropriate regulatory authority. The HUD docu- ment specifically recommends that new products be labeled

•k The summary comparison charts relating to Quality of Materials and Products immediately follow this discussion

on pp 1_^. Appendix P at the rear of this report contains

the actual (or in some cases the abstracted) code provisions along with the appropriate source citation.

126

as evidence of compliance for meeting recognized standards.

The HUD document references the standards listed in the Minimum Property Standards while the Code Enforcement

Guidelines for Residential Rehabilitation identifies

those standards listed or referenced in the major model codes (e.g., those published by AINA, BOCA, ICBO, or SBCCI).
TABLE 17

QUALITY OF MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS - SUMMARY OF PROVISIONS
QUALITY OF MATERIALS AND PRpDUCTS - Summary Comparison of Provisions

APHA-CDC RECOMMENDED

SUBJECT MATTER HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE, HOUSING CODE, UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

*9^5 REV, 1974 1979 EDITION |ICB0)

A. PROVISIONS FOR QUALITY OF CONSTRUC

TION AND MATERIALS

I. APPLICABILITY/DEGREE OF CONFOR- MANGE

a. Establishes general level of quality

° YES - emphasis on fire protection

and local or state regulations

)

° YES - as related to definition

of "Substandard Buildings”

2. USE OF SECOND-HAND MATERIALS

a. Allows use of second-hand

mater ial

3. USE OF ALTERNATE MATERIALS

a. Provides for use of alternate materials

A. REFERENCE STANDARDS/ PRODUCT LABELING

a. Provides for reference

standards or compliance

labels to establish quality

levels

128
QUALITY OF MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS (Cont.)

HUD 4940.4, MIHiMuM

STANDARD HOUSING CODE. BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

1979 EDITION CODE, 1978 EDITION FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES.

(SBCCII (BOCA) (BOCA) FEB. 1978

YES - for materials and methods

used In building reliabll itat Ion

- conform to nationally recognized standards

YES - structural strength

- weather resistance

- durability economy of maintenance

- conform to accepted practice

and national standards

YES - when approved by administrative authority

" YES - meet standards for new materials

- approval of local authority

° YES - when approved by administrative authority after analysis and evaluation

- ivhen satisfactory for intended use

t

" YES - standards referenced by: AINA,

ROCA, ICRO

,

SBCn

” YES - nationally recognized stan- dards

- labels for new products and material

129
25. GENERAL FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS

In addition to the specific findings cited in each of the individual comparisons of the major code areas, the followi overall findings and conclusions resulted from this study:

1. There exists significant variations in similar provisions among the several codes. For example, for natural ventilation in habitable rooms, the code requirements vary from fixed dimensions of five square feet to five percent of the floor area to forty-five percent of the glazed area.

2. It is perceived that many of the code provisions have been developed empirically and are lacking in scientific merit. In this regard, a research agenda should be developed to identify those health, safety,

and social well-being criteria from which meaningful

provisions for housing codes and rehabilitation

standards can be formulated. Also, it would be beneficial if commentaries could be provided for code provisions to aid interpretation and understanding.

3. It is unlikely that a significant fraction of existing

dwellings, even those in sound condition, could comply with all of the requirements in the code documents

In several instances housing codes defer to building

codes or other standards for new construction. This creates a next to impossible condition for older dwellings because it amounts to the imposition of provisions on a retroactive basis with no consideration for the feasability of such performance levels even being possible in vintage buildings.

4. The original intention of the documents, particularly

the housing codes, was to provide a minimum of protection, for urban dwellings, primarily in the large

multifamily tenements in large cities. This setting

still predominates in the codes studies, except the provisions have additional embellishments and perfor- mance levels have been raised. It is unreasonable to apply this same regulatory concept to the residential environment and living conditions of the suburbs or

rural housing.

Consideration should be given to the varying environmental living conditions and need of urban, suburban,

and rural housing and the different circumstance

inherent in multifamily buildings in contrast to those more simplistic requirements of single-family

dwellings in rural areas. This applies both to occupancy in housing standards as well as provisions

for rehabilitation.

5.

Differing terminology and ambiguous labels common to many of the codes makes comparison of provisions difficult and incomplete. The treatment and degree

of detail in defining rquirements varies significantly

among the codes. This unevenness among the codes also makes comparison difficult and inequitable.

130
REFERENCES

1. Berry, Sandra A., Editor, "Proceedings of the National Conference on Regulatory Aspects of Building Rehabilitation," MBS Special Publication 549, National Bureau

of Standards, Washington, D.C., August 1979.

2. Gross, James G., James H. Pielert and Patrick W. Cooke, "Impact of Building Regulations on Rehabilitation

Statutes and Technical Needs," MBS Technical Note 998, National Bureiu of Standards, Washington, D.C. May

1979.

3. N. John Habraken, et a1., "An Investigation of Regulatory Barriers to the Reuse of Existing Buildings,"

NBS GCE 78-139, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C., January 1978.

4. "Impact of Building Codes on Housing Rehabilitation,"

Hearings before the Committee on Banking, Housing,

and Urban Affairs - United States Senate, March 24, 1978.

5. 1980 Dodqe/Sweet's Constructi on Outlook , McGraw-Hill

Information Systems Company, 1221 Avenue of the Americas. New York, NY 10020.

6 . APHA-CDC Recommended Housing Maintenance and Occupancy

Ordinance , 1975 Revision; U.S. Department of Health,

Education and Welfare, Public Health Service, Center

for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia 30333.

7. New York State Model Housing Code , 1974 Edition; New

York State Division of Housing and Commun'ity Renewal,

Housing and Building Codes Bureau, Two World Trade Center; New York, NY 10047.

8. Uniform Housin g C ode , 1979 Edition; International Conference of Building Officials (ICBO), 5360 South Workman Mill Road, Whittier, CA 90601.

9. Standard Housing Code , 1979 Edition; Southern Building

Code Congress International, Inc. (SBCCI), 900 Montclair

Road, Birmingham, AL 35213.

10. BOCA Basi c Property Maintenan ce Code , 1978 Edition; BuildThg Officials and Code J^dministra tors International,

Inc. (BOCA), 17926 South Halsted, Homewood, IL 60430.

1 1 . Code Enforcement Guidelines for Residential Rehabilitation , 1975 Edition; Building Officials and Code Admins tratiors International, Inc., (BOCA), 17926 South Halsted, Homewood, IL 60430. (Also

printed as Appendix B in the BOCA Basic Property

Maintenance Code , 1978 Edition )

1 2 . Minimum Design Standards for Rehabilitation for Residential Properties , HUD Circular 4940.4, February

1978 (revised through August 22, 1978), U.S. Depart- ment Of Housing and Urban Developement, Washington,

D.C. 20410.
LIST OF APPENDICES P^

APPENDIX A - STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS A-1

APPENDIX B - SPACE, OCCUPANCY AND FACILITY REQUIREMENTS B-1

APPENDIX C - WINDOW AND DOORS , C-1

APPENDIX D - STAIRS, RAMPS, LANDINGS, PORCHES, BALCONIES D-1

APPENDIX E - FIRE PROTECTION/FIRE SAFETY E-1

APPENDIX F - MEANS OF EGRESS/EXITS F-1

APPENDIX G - LIGHT AND ILLUMINATION G-I

APPENDIX H - VENTILATION REQUIREMENTS H-1

APPENDIX I - MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS I-l

APPENDIX J - ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS J-1

APPENDIX K - PLUMBING REQUIREMENTS K-1

APPENDIX L - HEALTH AND SANITATION L-1

APPENDIX M - ELEVATORS M-1

APPENDIX N - CHIMNEYS, VENTS AND INCINERATORS N-1

APPENDIX 0 - NOISE ABATEMENT REQUIREMENTS 0-1

APPENDIX P - QUALITY OF MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS P-1

132
Appendix A

STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS
STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS

SUBJECT MATTER

APHA-CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE.

1975 REV,

NEW YORK STATE MODEL

HOUSING CODE,

1974

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION |ICBO|

1. Structural Soundness

Protection from Weather and Other Elements

o Every foundation, roof, floor,

exterior and Interior wall, celling.

Inside and outside stair, every

porch, and every appurtenance thereto, shall be safe to use and capable

of supporting the loads that normal

use may cause to be placed thereon; and shall be kept In sound condition

and good repair. Every Inside and outside stair or step shall have uniform risers and uniform treads.

(7.01)

Every foundation, roof and exterior

wall, door, skylight and window

shall be reasonably weather-tight,

watertight and damp-free, and shall

be kept In sound condition and good

repair. Floors, Interior walls and ceilings shall be sound and In good

repair. All exterior wood surfaces,

other than decay resistant woods,

shall be protected from the elements

and decay by paint which Is not lead- based paint or by other protective

covering or treatment. Walls shall be capable of affording privacy for

_tb.c occupants. <7. 02)

o Buildings and structures shall be structurally sound. Structural

elements which conform to loading

criteria specified In the State Building Construction Code, and stress limitations specified In general accepted standards, shall be deemed structurally sound. (Hl-301)

o Buildings and structures shall be maintained weather-resistant and

In good condition. (111-301) o Exterior doors, windows, skylights,

and similar openings shall be maintained weather-tight . (111-302)

A-2

o Buildings or structures may be of any type of construction permitted

by the Building Code. Roofs, floors,

walls, foundations and all other structural components of buildings

shall be capable of resisting any

and all forces and loads to which

they may be subjected. All structural elements shall be proportioned

and joined In accordance wltli the stress limitations and design

criteria as specified In the appropriate sections of the Building

Code. Buildings of every permitted

type of construction shall comply

with the applicable requirements of the Building Code. (601(a))

o Every building shall be weather

protected so as to provide shelter

for the occupants against the eleiqents and to exclude dampness.

(601(b))

o Faulty Weather Protection, which

sliall Include but not be limited to the following:

1. Deteriorated, crumbling or loose plaster

2. Deteriorated or Ineffective waterproofing of exterior walls, roof,

foundations, or floors. Including

broken windows or doors.
STANDARD HDUSIN6 CODE,

1979 EDITION

(SBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

|BOCA|

Rvery structural element of the duelling shall he maintained

structurally sound and show no evidence of deterioration which would

render them Incapable of carrying

loads which normal use may cause to he placed thereon, (305.17)

(No specific requirement)

o The supporting structural members

of every building shall he maintained structurally sound, not showing any evidence of deterioration which would render them

Incapable of carrying the Imposed

loads.

o In every existing building used for business, Industrial, mercantile or storage occupancy. In which heavy

loads or concentrations occiir or In which machinery Is Introduced, the owner or occupant shall cause the weight that each floor will safely

sustain to be calculated by a registered architect or engineer

and filed with the building official, and after such acceptance by

the building official, posted on each floor In a conspicuous place.

(PM-303.2)

o The exterior of a structure shall

be maintained structurally sound

and sanitary so as not to pose a threat to the health and safety of

the occupants and so as to protect

the occupants from the environment.

(PM-302.1)

o The Interior of a structure and Its equipment shall be maintained

structurally sound and In a sanitary condition so as not to pose a threat to the health and safety of

the occupants and protect the occupants from t(ie environment.

(PM-303.1)

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

IBOCAj

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

o

o

All components of the building o shall be In sound condition or shall be restored to a sound condition. (B.7.1)

All exterior walls and roofs shall o be weather-tight or shall be

restored to a weather-tight

condition. (B.7.1)

All structural components of the building shall be In sound condition

and considered serviceable For the expected useful life of the reliablll- tated building. Sagging or out of plumb floors, chimneys, fireplaces,

partitions or stairs, and bitlglng of exterior walls shall he restored as near as practical to an acceptable

level or plumb position and supported

or braced so as to prevent a reocur- rence of these conditions. Stair

railings shall be rigid. Individual

structural members In a seriously

deteriorated condition shall be replaced. Loosely Jointed structural

members shall be restored to original

rigidity. (7-2)

The construction of the building will

provide: (a) sufficient structural

strength and rigidity, (b) adequate

proteictlon from corrosion, decay. Insects and otlier destructive forces,

(c) necessary resistance to the elements, (d) reasonable durability and economy of maintenance, and (e) acceptable quality of workmanship.

(7-1)

A-3
SUBJECT MATTER

STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS (Cont.)

APHA CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE,

1975 REV. HOUSING CODE,1974

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION |ICBO)

2. Protection form Weather and Other

Elements (cont.)

3. Earthquake Hazard Reduction

o Every premises shall be graded,

drained, free of standing water, and maintained In a clean, sanitary and safe condition. (7.03)

(No specific requirement) (No specific requirement)

3. Defective or lack of weather

protection for exterior wall coverings, including lack of paint, or weathering due to lack

of paint or other approved pro- tective covering.

4. Broken, rotted, spilt, or buckled

exterior wall coverings or roof coverings. (1001(h))

(No specific requirement)

Protection from Termites. Decay , etc

(No specific requirement) Exterior surfaces shall be maintained In good condition.

Surfaces, not Inherently resistant

to deterioration, shall be treated with a protective coating

of paint, or otlier suitable

preservative. (111-603) A-4

o Protection of Materials. All wood

shall be protected against termite

damage and decay as provided In the Building Code. (601(c))
STANDARD HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION

(SBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE. 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCA)

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

(No speclfc requirement) (No specific requirement) (No specific requirement) o In Zone 3, as shown on Seismic Risk

Maps In the Minimum Property Standards

(HUD 4900.1 and 4910.1), a building's

structural components and condition

shall be evaluated by a registered

engineer familiar with lateral force design. The evaluation shall Include

an examination of the structure for continuity, ductility, and resistance

to lateral forces. Structural ele- ments and connections between elements shall be strengthened and new elements

provided as required. The degree of resistance provided shall be such as to prevent major collapse or loss of life due to earthquake forces. (7-2. b)

o All exterior wood surface, other

than decay resistant woods, shall

be protected from the elements and

decay by painting or other pro- tective covering or treatment.

(305.14)

o All supporting structural members of

all strtictures shall be kept

structurally sound, free of deterioration and maintained capable of safely bearing the dead and live

loads Imposed upon them. (PM-302.2)

(No specific requirement)

A-5

o Each building and all exterior

appurtenances on the site shall be effectively protected against rodents,

termites or other vermin Infestation

o A careful Inspection by qualified

persons shall be made of each building
STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS (Cont.)

APHA-CDC RECOMMENDED

SUBJECT MATTER HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE, HOUSING CODE. UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1975 REV. 1974 1979 EDITION |ICB0|

4. Protection from Termites. Decay.

Etc. (cont.)

)

5. Exterior Elements

- Foundations (No specific requirement) o Exterior walls, Including foundations, shall be maintained so that ground and surface water does not penetrate into basements and

cellars. (Hl-302)

o Deteriorated or Inadequate

foundations. (1001(c))

(Definition of "Substandard Building')

A-6
STANDARD HDUSIN6 CDDE,

1979 EDITION

(SBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE. 1978 EDITION

IBOCA)

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCA)

HUD 4940.4. MINIMUM

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES.

FEB. 1978

o In every building, cellars, basements and crawl spaces shall be maintained reasonably free from dampness to prevent conditions

conducive to decay or deterioration

of the structure. (PM-103.4)

and accessory structure on each property for evidence of actual or potential Infestation or access

channels. Existing buildings having

defects that permit the entrance of rodents, termites or other vermin

shall be corrected by appropriate

preventive measures. Damaged or deteriorated structural members shall

be replaced.

o An Inspection shall be made of both

Interior and exterior construction

for evidence of rot, rust or decay

damage or other hazards. Where

structural damage to such materials

Is found to exist, correction shall

be provided. (7-7)

o The building foundation system shall be maintained In a safe manner and capable of supporting the load which

normal use may cause to be placed

(305.1)

o All foundation walls shall be maintained so as to carry the' safe design and operating dead and live loads and shall be maintained plumb

and free from open cracks and breaks, so as not to be detrimental

to piibllc safety and welfare.

(PM-302.3.1)

(No specific requirement) o Foundations and exterior walls shall provide safe and adequate support for all loads upon them, and prevent the entrance of water or excessive

moisture. Serious defects shall be

repalrred and cracks effectively sealed, or replaced.

o Basement and foundation walls shall prevent the entrance of water or moisture Into a basement or crawl

space area. Cracks In the walls

shall be effectively sealed, and loose or defective mortar joints shall

be replaced. Where necessary, the

A-7
STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS (Cont.)

APHA-CDC RECOMMENDED

SUBJECT MATTER HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE. HOUSING CODE, UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1975 REV, 1974 1979 EDITION (ICBO)

5. Exterior Elements (cont.)

- Foundations (cont.)

- Exterior walls (No specific requirement) (No specific requirement) (No specific requirement)

Roofs o Unless other provisions are made,

gutters, leaders and down-spouts

shall be provided and maintained In good working condition as to provide proper drainage of storm water.

(7.04)

o Roofs shall be maintained In a watertight condition. (Hl-302)

A-8

o Members of ceilings, roofs, celling

and roof supports or other horizontal members which sag, split, or buckle

due to defective material or deterioration.

o Members of ceilings, roofs, celling

and roof supports, or other horizontal members that are of Insufficient size to carry imposed loads with safety.

(Definition of "Substandard Building)
STANDARD HDUSIN6 CODE,

1979 EDITION

(SBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCA)

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

Interior or exterior face of the walla ahall be dampproofed by

bltumlnoua coating and cement

parglng.

Any deflclenclea In proper grading

or paving adjacent to the building

ahall be corrected to assure surface drainage away from basement walls.

(7-3)

) Every exterior wall shall be free of holes, breaks, loose or rotting

boards or timbers, and any other

conditions which might admit rain, or dampness to the Interior portions

of the walls or to the occupied

spaces of the building. All siding

material shall be kept In repair.

(305.2)

Every exterior wall shall be free of holes, breaks, loose or rotting

boards or timbers, and any other

conditions which might admit ralri or dampness to the Interior portions

of the walls or to the occupied

• spaces of the building. All exterior

surface material. Including wood,

composition, or metal siding, shall be maintained weatherproof and sliall he properly surface coated when

required to prevent deteylpratlon.

(PM-302.3.2)

(No specific requirement) o See "foundations" above (7-3) o Exterior wall covering. Eepalrs or replacement shall be made to defective exterior wall finish materials.

Exterior walls shall be free of holes, cracks and broken or rotten finish

materials.

o Treatment of exterior Surfaces to eliminate haxard of leadbased paint

poisoning shall be as determined by

the local HUD office. (S-2)

Roofs shall be structurally sound

and maintained In a safe-manner and have no defects which might admit

rain or cause dampness In the walls

or Interior portion of the building.

(305.3)

o The roof shall be strticturally sound,

tight, and not have defects which

might admit rain, and roof drainage

shall be adequate to prevent rain water from causlne dampness In the walls or Interior portion of the bulldlne. (PH-302.3.3)

o Provisions shall be made for roof drainage as required by

applicable code or ordinance.

(n.7.1)

All roofs shall have a suitable, water- tight (and reasonably durable covering

free of holes, cracks, excessively

worn surfaces or other defects. (R-2) Each dwelling shall have a controlled

method of disposal of water from

roofs where necessary to prevent damaee to the property- and to avoid

causing unsightly staining of walls

and windows where adequate roof over- hangs are not provided. (R-3)

A-9
STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS (Cont.)

APHA-CDC RECOMMENDED

SUBJECT MATTER HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE, HOUSING CODE.

1975 REV. 1974

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE.

1979 EDITION |ICBO)
STANDARD HDUSIN6 CDDE,

1979 EDITION

(SBCCII

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1976 EDITION

IBOCA)

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCA)

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

o Every inside and outside stair,

porch and any appurtenance thereto

shall be safe to use andcapahle of supporting the load that normal use

may cause to be placed thereon; and

shall he kept In sound condition and good repair. (305.5)

o All cornices, entablatures, belt

courses, corbels, terracotta trim,

wall facings and similar decorative

features shall be maintained In good repair with proper anchorage

and In a safe condition.

(PM-302.3.4)

o All canopies, marquees, signs,

metal awnings, stairways, fire escapes, standpipes, exhaust ducts

(No specific requirement)

A! I

o To prevent the entrance of water, all critical Joints In exterior roof and wall construction which are exposed

or oartly exposed shall be protected

bv sheet metal or other suitable

flashing material. (8-A)

o Repairs to existing roofs should be complete and done in accordance with new construction standards unless the area to be repaired Is less than 1/lOth of the roof surface,

o The placing of a new roof covering

over an existing roof covering Is not prohibited but should be governed by the material manufacturer's recom- mendations. (8-10, Gulden)

o An Inspection should be made of the following locations to determine the effectiveness of present flashing; roof to wall Intersections, roof to chimneys, roof valleys, pipe pro- jections through roof, eaves and rake, and parapets. (8-11, Guides)

o All exterior appurtenances or accessory structures which serve no useful purppse, or those In a deteriorated

condition which are not economically

repairable, shall be removed. Such structures Include porches, terraces, entrance platforms, garages, carports, walls, fences, and miscellaneous sheds. (^-8)
SUBJECT MATTER

STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS (Cent.)

APHA-CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE. HOUSING CODE.

1975 REV, 1974

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE.

1979 EDITION (ICBO|

5. Exterior Elejnents (cont.)

- Appurtenancea/decoratlve

features (cont.)

6. Interior Elements

- Floors, walls, ceilings (No specific requirement) Structural members shall be protected and maintained to resist

and prevent deterioration.

Ceilings, walls, floors, and stairways shall be maintained In

a safe and sound condition.

Toilet room, bathroom, and laundry room floors shall be maintained In a watertight condition.

(Hl-303)

Floors, walls. Including windows

and doors, ceilings, and other

Interior surfaces shall be maintained In eood, clean, and sanitary condition. Peeling

paint, cracked or loose plaster,

decayed wood, and other defective

surface conditions shall be eliminated. (111-603)

A-12

o Defective or deteriorated flooring

or floor supports,

o Flooring or floor supports of Insuf flc lent size to carry Imposed

loads with safety,

o Members of walls, partitions, or other vertical supports that split,

lean, list or buckle due to defective material or deterioration,

o Members of walls, partitions, or other vertical supports that are of Insufficient size to carry Imposed

loads with safety. (1001(c))

(Definition of "Substandard Building")
STANDARD HDUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION

(SBCCII

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCA)

o and slmiJar overhang extensions

shall be maintained In good repair

and be properly anchored so as to be kept In a safe and sound condition. They shall be protected

from the elements and against decay

and rust by the periodic application of a weather-coatlnc

material such as paint or other

protective treatment. (PM-302.3.5)

o F-very floor, Interior wall and celling shall be substantially

rodent proof: shall be kept In sound condition and good repair;

and shall be safe to use and capable

of supporting the load which normal

use may cause to be olaced thereon,

o Every toilet, bathroom and kitchen

floor surface shall be constructed

and maintained so as to be sub- stantlallv Imnervlous to water and

so as to nermlt such floor to be easily kept in a clean and sanitary

condition. ' (305.16)

o Floors, walls. Including windows

and doors, ceilings, and other

Interior surfaces shall be maintained In good, clean, and sanitary

condition. Peeling paint, cracked

or loose plaster, decayed wood, and other defective surface conditions

shall be eliminated. (PM-303.3)

o Every toilet, bathroom and kitchen

floor surface shall be constructed

and maintained so as t6 be sub- stantially Impervious to water and

so as to permit such floor to be easily kept In a clean and sanitary

condition. (PM-303.3. 2)

o Floors: Floors In rehabilitated

buildings shall comply with the following provisions.

1. Floors of habitable or occuolable rooms In basements

or cellars shall be surfaced

or paved In an actieptable manner when In direct contact with the grade.

2. Floors In bathroom and water

closet compartments and kitchens shall be substantlall-\

Impervious to water, and shall

be constructed so as to permit

the floor to be easily kept In

a clean and sanitary condition. The floor finish shall be of a durable, waterproof, non- absorptlve material such as asphalt, vinyl-asbestos,

vinyl-plastic, rubber ceramic

tile, linoleum, concrete or other approved material.

A-13

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

o Partitions and other vertical supports

which are to be continued In use shall

be free of splits, excessive lean,

buckling or other defects. (7-6) o All floor construction shall provide

safe and adequate support for all exlstlnE or probable loads and shall

be reasonably free of objectionable

vibration. A suitable surface for finish flooring shall exist or he

provided.

o Tlie floors of all basement or cellar

ftirnace rooms, or basements containing

habitable space, shall be paved In an acceptable manner, except under tlie followlne condition:

o Where the basement or cellar has existing wood floor construction over

a crawl space which Is In a sound,

undamaged condition, It may remain

provided the crawl space Is adequately

vented, and an acceptable ground cover material Is Installed on tlie ground In the crawl space. fr-Sl
STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS (Cont.)

APHA CDC RECOMMENDED

SUBJECT MATTER HOUSING MAINTENANCE

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE.

1975 REV,

NEW YORK STATE MODEL

HOUSING CODE.

1974

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE.

1979 EDITION (ICB0|

6. Interior Elements (cont.)

-Floors, walls, ceilings (cont.)

A-14

1
STANDARD HDUSIN6 CODE.

1979 EDITION

(SBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCA)

3. Finish floors In habitable

rooms or common spaces shall meet the reqtilrements of the building code for new construction . o Walls and celllnes: Interior

walls and ceilings shall conform

to the following requirements.

1. The finish surfaces shall not have excessive detrimental or unslRhtly surface Irregularities or cracking.

2. The finish surfaces shall be

waterproof and hard surfaced

In areas of rooms or spaces

subject to direct moisture contact, such as bath and shower

areas. Kitchens and baths

shall be painted or papered to provide a washable finish

surface.

3. Existing interior finish

stirfaces containing a lead content greater than five- tenths (.5) of one (1) per cent shall be removed and replaced

or covered with a lead-free

material. (B.7.2)

A-15

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATIDN

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

o All Interior walla and Ceilings

shall provide (a) a finish surface

without noticeable Irregularities

or cracking, (hi a waterproof and hard surface In spaces subject to moisture, (c) a suitable bane for painting nr other decoration and

(d) reasonable dtirablllty and econ- omy of maintenance,

o Treatment of Interior surfaces to eliminate hazard of lead-based

paint poisoning shall be as determined by the local HUD office,

o In ouslng for Iderly abrasive

wall finishes such as a sand finish shall not be used. (8-h) o Finish floors shall be appropriate

to the use of the space; be in good

condition, provide reasonable ease

of maintenance, and an extended

service life. (8-7)

o All alterations, repairs and other

Improvement shall be harmonious and

tie In with existing materials to remain In an acceptable manner.

(8-9)

o Doors, together with the anchorage

of fpames or bucks, with hardware

are subject to hard usage and should

be given particular attention.

(7-10, Guides)

o Finish floors in habitable rooms should be wood floorlne, a resilient

tile or sheet material, or carpeting
STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS (Cont.)

SUBJECT MATTER

APHA-CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE, > 1975 REV,

NEW YORK STATE MODEL

HOUSING CODE.

1974

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION (ICBO)

6. Interior Elements (cont,)

- Floors, walls, ceilings (cont.) >

7. Thermal Protection

< (No specific requirement) (No specific requirement)

A-16

(No specific requirement)
HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARD HOUSING CODE.

1979 EDITION

(SBCCII

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCA)

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

over a suitable unrlcr laymen t . Con- crete as a finish floor should he used only under special conditions,

as In hot climates or where customs

in a region Indicate its general

acceptability.

o Floors in kitchens and bathrooms

should be of a dtirable, waterproof,

non-absorptlve material, such as asphalt, vinyl-asbestos, vlnylplastlc, rubber or ceramic tiles, or linoleum. Wood finish flooring

should not be used for these rooms,

o Appropriate finish flooring materials

In public corridors and hallways are wood, a resilient flooring, or carpeting over an underlayment . In public entrance spaces or lobbies

special consideration should be given

to the selection of a finish flooring

that Is resistant to water and dirt,

o The carpeting of stairways In multifamily buildings is not recommended.

(8-13, Guides)

(No spRclflc requirement) (No specific requirement) (No specific requirement)

A-17

o Celling Instilatlon shall be provided

over all habitable heated areas In locat*lons having 2500 or more annual winter degree days as follows:

(a) 2500 to A500 degree days; R-11 Insulation.

(b) A501 to BOOO degree days; R-19 insula 1 1 on

(c) 8001 or more degree days; R-22 insulation
STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS (Cont.)

APHA-CDC RECOMMENDED

SUBJECT MATTER HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE. HOUSING CODE.

1975 REV, 1974

7. Thermal Protection (cont.)

A-18

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE.

1979 EDITION (ICBO)
STANDARD HDUSIN6 CODE,

1979 EDITION

ISBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

CODE ENFORCEMENT 6UI0ELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCA)

o Celling Insulation shall be provided

over all habitable areas cooled by

mechanical refrigeration. The amount

of Insulation shall be based upon summer cooling hours over 80 degrees

Fahrenheit as follovjs:

(a) bens than 400 cooling hours; R-11

Insulation.

(b) 400 or more cooling hours; R-19 Insulation

For buildings both cooled by mechanical

refrigeration and heated, the more stringent of the above requirements

shall be met.

In all Instances the adequacy of attic

ventilation must be ascertained.

Exemption of the celling Insulation

requirements will be allowed for buildings having flat roofs or other celling

areas where Installation Is determined

to be Impractical unless celling finish

Is to be removed In the course of rehabilitation.

o Under floor Insulation shall be required beneath all habitable heated

areas over unheated spaces In localities having 2500 or more annual winter ( degree days. Insulation may be Installed between or under floor Joists

as follows:

(a) 2500 to 4500 degree days; R-7 Insulation.

(b) Above 4500 degree days; R-11

Insulation.

Exemption of under floor Insulation

will be allowed where reflective foil Insulation Is already Installed.

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

A-19
STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS (Cont.)

SUBJECT MATTER

APHA CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE

AND DCCUPANCY DRDINANCE.

1975 REV,

NEW YORK STATE MODEL

HDUSING CODE,

1974

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION (ICBO)

7. Thermal Protection (cont.)

8. Accessory Structures o Accessory structures present or provided by the owner, agent, or

• tenant occupant on the premises of

a dwelling shall be structurally

sound, and be maintained In good

repair and free of Insects and rats, or such structures shall be removed

from the premises. The exterior

of such structures shall be made weather resistant through the use of decay-resistant material,s or the use of lead-free paint or other preservatlves. og)

(No specific requirement) (No specific requirement)

A-20
HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARD HOUSING CODE.

1979 EDITION

(SBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE. 197B EDITION

(BOCA)

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCA)

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1970

•

o Wlien the exterior wall Is repaired

to the extent of removlne the sheathing or Inside wall covering.

Insulation shall he Installed In the exposed portion of tlie wall

cavity. The thermal insulation

shall he such as to fill the exposed

wall cavity or furring space without

excessive compression. A vapor barrier shall be provided on the warm side of the cavity or furring

space when Insulation Is added.

(7-2)

o Caragen, storage buildings and other

accessory structures shall he maintained and kept In good repair and sound structural condition. (305.15)

(No specific requirement)

‘

<

(No specific requirement) o All exterior appurtenances or accessory structures which serve

no useful purpose, or those In

a deteriorated condition which are not economically repairable, shall

be removed. Such structures In- clude porches, terraces, entrance

platforms, garages, carports, walls,

fences, and miscellaneous sheds.

(A-8)

t

A-21
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’•
Appendix B

SPACE, OCCUPANCY AND FACILITY REQUIREMENTS
SPACE. OCCUPANCY AND FACILITY REQUIREMENTS

APHA-CDC RECOMMENDED

SUBJECT MATTER HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE, HOUSING CODE, UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1975 REV, 1974 1979 EDITION (ICB0|

l. Spat till Characteristics and

ArraiiRcniciit

- Mlnlnnim floor area for dwelling

units and habitable rooms

o 150 sq. ft. for first occupant,

o 100 sq. ft. for each additional

occupant (8.01.01)

o At least one habitable room of 150

sq. ft. with minimum liorlzontal dimension of 10 ft. (111-205. lb)

o At least one room of 150 sq. ft. with minimum horizontal dimension

of 7 ft. (503 (b), (c))

- Minimum floor area for sleeping

purposes

o 70 sq. ft. for one occupant,

o 50 sq. ft. per occupant for rooms with more than one occupant . (8. 06)

o 80 sq. ft. with minimum horizontal dimension of 7 ft . (111-205. Ic)o 70 sq. ft. for one or two occupants . o 50 sq. ft. per occupant for rooms with more than two occupantso Minimum horizontal dimension of

7 ft. (503 (b))

- Mlnlimim floor area for kitchen o An area adequate for circulation

and required equipment (sink, cabinets or shelves, stove, and refrigerator)-

(«.0l)

o 60 sq. ft. with minimum horizontal

dimension of 7 ft. (111-205. Ic)

o (>rovlde a kltclien (no minimum

floor area given). (505 (c))

1

B-2
STANDARD HOUSING CODE.

1979 EDITION

(SBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE. 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

HUD 4940.4. MINIMUM

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES.

(BOCA) FEB. 1978

3 150 S(j. ft. for flr.'it occopant.

3 100 nq. ft. for each additional

occupant. (306.1)

o 150 sq. ft. o 100 aq. ft. occupant

for

for first each occupant.

additional

(PH-/»0<i.l)

o As required by local code or ordinance. (B.4.1)

o lAO sq. ft. living room with 10 ft. minimum horizontal dimension for 162 bedroom living unit,

o 150 sq. ft. living room with 10 ft. minimum horizontal dimension for

3 or more bedroom living unit. (A- 2. b)

> 70 sq. ft.

5 50 sq. ft. with more

for one occupant . o per occupant for rooms o than one occupant . (306. 2)

70 sq. ft. for one occupant.

50 sq. ft. per occupant for rooms with more than one occupant

(PM-<i04.2)

(No specific requirement) o 70 sq. ft. for single bedroom with

minimum horizontal dimension of 7 ft. o 110 sq. ft. for double bedroom with

minimum liorlzontal dimension of 8-2/3 ft. (4-2. b)

provide a kitchen, (no minimum

floor area given).

o 50 sq. ft. for 1-5 occupants.

6 60 sq. ft. for 6 or more occupants.

(PM-404.3)

(No specific requirement) o 50 sq. ft, for 142 bedroom living

unit,

o 60 sq. ft. for 3 or more bedroom

living unit. o Minimum horizontal dimension of 5-1/3

ft. o Proportionately smaller kitchenettes

are allowed. (^i-2.b)

B-3
SPACE. OCCUPANCY AND FACILITY REQUIREMENTS (Cont.)

SUBJECT MATTER

APHA-CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE,

1975 REV,

NEW YORK STATE MODEL

HOUSING CODE,

1974

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION (ICBO)

1 . Spatial Characteristics and Arrangement (cont.)

7 ft. With sloping celling, at least 1/2 of floor area shall have 7 ft. celling height.

Celling heights less than 5 ft. shall not Include that portion of floor area in computation of per- missible floor area for occupancy.

(8.03)

o 7-1/2 ft. o With sloping celling, at least 1/2 of floor area shall have 7-1/2 ft. celling height.

o Celling ’height less than 5 ft. shall not be Included In computing

required floor areas. (Hl-205.1a)

7-1/2 ft.

7 ft. for kitchens, halls, bathrooms . Spacing of exposed beam celling

members determines metliod of measurement

With sloping celling, at least

1/2 of floor area shall have prescribed celling height.

Celling height less than 5 ft. shall not be Included in com- puting required floor areas.

(503 (a))

- Space for closets and general

storage of personal effects

o Minimum floor area of 4 sq. ft. of

f loor-to-celllng height per occu-

(No specific requirement) (No specific requirement)

pant . (8.08)

Criteria for habitable rooms below

grade

Space more than 4 ft. below grade shall not be used as a fiabltable room . Space up to 4 ft. below grade may be

used If approved by the local autliorlty. (6.0A, 8.05)

o Floor level to be not more than 4 ft. below average finished grade,

o Shall conform to definition of a basement. (111-205. 2)

(No specific requirement)

B-4
STANDARD HDUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION

(SBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCA)

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

o 7 ft. over at lea-t 1/2 of floor

area.

o

o 7 ft. for hallwya, corridors hathrooms, and kitchens measured to lowest projection from celling,

o Celling height lens than 5 ft.

sliall not be Inclnded In computing

required floor areas. (3.6.3)

(No specific reqtilrement)

Floor and walls Impervious to leakage of underground and surface runoff water; Insulated against dampo

o ness.

o Window area meets minimum light and ventilation requirements of Housing

Code.

o Required mlnlmtim window area lo- cated entirely above grade of the adjoining ground.

o Openable window area meets minimum

ventilation requirements (unless

other acceptable means of ventilation is provided). (306.4)

o

7-1/3 ft. over minimum required o floor area. o

7 ft. In attics and top halfstories over at least 1/3 of required floor area. o Celling height less than 5 ft. shall not be Included In computing

required floor areas. (PM-404.5)

(No specific requirement) o

Floors and walls to be watertight o and Insulated against moistureTotal window area, total openable

area and celling height are In accord with Basic Prop, Malnt. Code Required minimum window area to be located entirely above arade of the adjoining ground. (PM-403.3)

7 ft. With sloping celling, at least

1/2 of floor area shall have 7 ft- celling height.

Celling height less than 5 ft. shall not be included In com- puting required floor areas.

(B.4.1)

o Shall permit average person to move

about comfortably and create no unpleasant sensation. (4-2. c) o 7 ft. for habitable rooms.

6-

2/3 ft. for bathrooms, utility rooms.

7-

2/3 ft. for public corridors.

7 ft. for halt within dwelling units.

(Culdes, 4-11. c)

100 cubic ft. per dwelling unit

minimum, (B.4.1)

o Closet space to be provided within

bedrooms or conveniently nearby,

o General storage to be provided for each living unit. (4-2h)

o Minimum floor area of 4 sq. ft. per occupant.

o Provide closets with shelf and hanging

rod; closets should be not less than

2 ft. deep. (Guides, 4-lle)

Must comply with all requirements

of the Code F.nforcement Guidelines for Residential Rehabilitation that pertain to habitable

rooms. (B.4.1)

o Must comply with same standards as for rooms above grade, particularly

regarding light and ventilation

requlj'ements. (4. 2. a (2))

B-5
SPACE. OCCUPANCY AND FACILITY REQUIREMENTS (Cont.)

APHA-CDC RECOMMENDED

SUBJECT MATTER HOUSING MAINTENANCE

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE,

1975 REV.

NEW YORK STATE MODEL

HOUSING CODE.

1974

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE.

1979 EDITION (ICBO)

. Spatial Characteristics and Arraneements (cont.)

- Criteria for privacy and common

access

o Dwelling units containing two or more sleeping rooms shall be arranged such that no access to a bathroom or water closet compartment

can be had by only going through

another sleeping room, o Sleeping rooms shall not be used as the only means of access to other

sleeping rooms.

o A bathroom or water closet compartment shall not be used as the only passageway to any habitable room, hall, basement or to the exterior

of tlie dwelling unit. (b.07)

(

o Dwelling units shall be separate

and apart from each other.

o Sleeping rooms shall not be used

as the only means of access to other sleeping rooms or habitable

spaces.

o Toilet rooms and bathrooms shall

be designed and arranged to provide privacy.

o Toilet rooms and bathrooms shall

not be used as a passageway to a hall, or other spaces, or to the exterior.

o Toilet room or bathroom shall be accessible from any sleeping room without passing through another

sleeping room.

(111-205. 5 6. 111-207. 2)

(No specific requirement)

'

B-6
STANDARD HDUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION

ISBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

(BOCA) ^

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

(BOCA) FEB. 1978

o The water closet, tub or shower

and lavatory shall be located In

a room affording privacy to the user and such room shall have

a minimum floor space of 30 sq. ft with no dimension less than 4 ft. o Bathrooms sliall be accessible

from habitable rooms, hallways,

corridors or other protected or enclosed areas, not Including

kitchens or other food preparation. (302.2)

o Dwelling units shall be separate

and apart from each other*

o Sleeping rooms shall not be used an the only means of access to other

sleeping rooms or habitable spaces^

o Habitable rooms, bathrooms, etc. accessory to a dwelling unit shall

not open directly Into or be tised In conjunction with a food store,

shop or similar room used for public purposes.

o Sleeping rooms shall have access to

at least one water closet without

passing through another room used

as a bedroom.

o Bedrooms shall have access to at least one water closet located on

the same floor.(PM-403.1 f, rM-40'<.3)

o Access to all parts of a dwelling

unit shall be possible without

passing outside the dwelling

unit, or passing through another

dwelling unit,

o Kvery water closet, bathtub or shower shall be Installed In a bathroom or water closet compartment which affords privacy to the user

o A bathroom shall not be used as the only passageway to a habitable room, hall, basement or

dwel 1 Ing unit

o A utility room, closet or storage

room shall not be used as the only passageway to a habitable

room or to a dwelling unit.

(B.A.l)

o A degree of privacy shall be provided cornmenstirate with suitable

living conditions by means of the proper location of exterior openings

to exterior conditions, and by the Interior arrangement of rooms,

o Access to all parts of a living unit shall be possible without passing

through a public hall,

o Every water closet, bathtub or shower

of a living unit shall be Installed

In a bathroom or toilet compartment

which will afford privacy to the occupant

o A bathroom shall not be tised an a passageway to a habitable room, hall,

basement or to the exterior,

o Wliere the access to an existing bathroom Is through a bedroom In living

units having more than one bedroom,

this planning arrangement shotild be accepted If It Is judged to be accep- table to the market.

o A bathroom should not be separated frem all bedrooms of a living unit by

locating It a full story above or below the bedrooms

o A bedroom should not be used as the only Wans of access to another bed- room or habitable room. (A-2.d)

B-7
SPACE. OCCUPANCY AND FACILITY REQUIREMENTS (Cont.J

APHA COC RECOMMENDED

SUBJECT MATTER HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE, HOUSING CODE, UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1975 REV, 1974 1979 EDITION (ICBO)

Spatial Characteristics and Arrangement (cent.)

(No specific requirement) (No specific requirement) o

- Provision for efficiency type

living units

Efficiency living units within an apartment house are allowed pro- viding they meet the following

requirements

1. Ttie unit shall have a living room of not less that 220 sq. ft. of superficial floor area. An additional 100 sq. ft. of superficial floor area shall he provided

for each occupant of such unit In excess of two^

2. The unit shall be provided with

a separate closet.

3. The unit shall be provided with

a kitchen sink, cooking appliance

and refrigeration facilities each

having a clear working space of not

less than 30 Inches In front. Llglt

and ventilation conforming to this

Code shall be provided.

4. The unit shall be provided with

a separate bathroom containing a water closet, lavatory, and bathtub

or shower. (503 (b))

B-8
HUD 4940.4. MINIMUM

STANDARD HDUSING CODE, BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

1979 EDITION CODE, 1978 EDITION FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

(SBCCI) (BOCA) (BOCA) FEB. 1978

(No specific requirement) (No specific requirement) (No specific requirement) (No specific requirement)

-

B-9

1
SPACE. OCCUPANCY AND FACILITY REQUIREMENTS (Cont.)

SUBJECT MATTER

APHA-CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE.

1975 REV,

NEW YORK STATE MODEL

HOUSING CODE.

1974

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE.

1979 EDITION (ICBO)

2 . Occupancy Limitations

- Maximum occupancy/over-crowdlng

conditions In dwelling units

o Not more than one family, plus two occupants unrelated to the family,

except for guests or domestic em- ployees, per dwelling unit. (8.02)

o Total number of persons shall be less than two times the number of habitable rooms within the dwelling

unit. (8,01.02)

o One ocQupant per habitable room having a floor area of at least 80 but less than 120 sq. ft. o Two occupants per habitable room having a floor area of at least

120 but less than 180 sq. ft. o Three occupants per habitable room having a floor area of 180 sq. ft. or more. (Hl-203a)

o

- Prohibited uses (No specific requirement) o It shall be prohibited to use for sleeping purposes any kltclien, non Inhabitable space, or public space,

o It shall be prohibited to use any cellar space as habitable space,

o Certain home occupations are spe- cifically prohibited In dwelling

units.

Defines all buildings or portions

thereof occupied for living, sleeping, cooking or dining purposes which were not designed or Intended

to be used for such occupancies as

a substandard building. (1001 (o))

(No specific requirement)

t - e.g., those which produce offensive noise, vibration, smoke,

dust, odor, heat, or other objectionable effects. (.111-20^)

B-IO
STANDARD HDUSIN6 CODE,

1979 EDITION

ISBCCII

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

|BOCA|

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCAI

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

o Does not allow occupancy of dwell

Ing units for purposes of living,

sleeping, cooking or eating that do not comply with requirements

of Standard Housing Code,

o Applies also to vacant dwelling

buildings. (301)

Space

filn. Occupancy area in sq.ft.

1-2 Occupants3-5 Occupants

6 or more Occupants

l.lvlng Rm No req. 120 150 Dining Rm No req. 80 100 Kitchen 50 50 60 Bedrooms 70/one occupant, 50/second

occupant and each addition

thereof.

o If any room used for residential

purposes Is over-crowded, the code official may order the number of persons sleeping or living In said room to be reduced so that there

shall be not less than the total required area.

o Provisions governing size and o means of light and ventilation

apply to all habitable and occuplable spaces and rooms In reha- blllted buildings , (B.4)

Provide each living unit with space necessary for suitable living, sleeping, cooking, and dining accommodations, storage, laundry and sanitary

facilities; also, provide space of such size and dimensions so as to permit placement of furniture and essential equipment. (/t-2 a(l))

(No specific requirement)

o It shall be prohibited to use for sleeping purposes any kitchen, honInhabltable space, or public space,

(PM-40A.A)

(No specific requirement) (No specific requirement)

B-ll
SPACE. OCCUPANCY AND FACILITY REQUIREMENTS (Cont.)

SUBJECT MATTER

APHA CDC RECOMMENDED

HDUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE, HOUSING CDDE, UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1975 REV. 1974 1979 EDITION |ICB0|

3. Basic Facilities and Equipment

- Kitchen facilities o A room or portion of a room In which

food may be prepared or cooked with

adequate circulation area and equipped with the following:

-Kitchen sink In working condition

connected to an approved water supply to provide an adequate amount

of heated and unheated running

water under pressure and connected

to an approved sewer system.

-Cabinets and/or shelves for storage

of utensils and food. -Counter or table for food preparation; surfaces to be non-toxic and easily cleanable. -Stove for cooking food. -Refrigerator for safe storage of food at temperatures between 32° F and F under ordinary maximum

summer conditions. (4.01)

o (See Item 1 above for spatial

criteria)

o Equipment for kitchen or kitchenette : -Approved-type cooking and refrigeration equipment of tlie stationary type properly connected to energy source and maintained In good operating condition.

-Prohibits use of water-cooled gas refrigerators

-Provides specific requirements

for air-cooled gas refrigerator

Installations

-Provides specific kitchen equip- ment requirements for communal

kitchens. (Hl-510)

o Kitchen sink. (111-502. 5)

o Each dwelling unit to be pro- vided with a kitchen,

o Every kitchen shall be provided

with a kitchen sink.

-Wooden sinks or sinks of similarly absorbent material are not permitted. (505 (c))

B-12
STANDARD HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION

(SBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE. 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

(BOCA) FEB. 1978

o Kitclien sink with an adequate sup- o ply of both cold and hot water. Water shall be supplied through

an approved pipe distribution sys- tem connected to a potable water

supply. (302.3)

o Cooking equipment to be Installed

In accordance with the building,

gas, or electrical code and be maintained in safe working condition. (302.6)

Requires a kitchen sink apart from o the bathroom lavatory and be sup- plied with hot and cold running

water. (PM-501.1.3)

Kitchen or kitchenette space o which contains a sink with counter work space and has liot and

cold running water

-Provision for Installation of cooking and refrigeration equipment, and for storing kitchen o utensils. (B.6.1)

o

Requires specific kitchen space to contain a sink with counter work

space and hot and cold running water,

adequate space for Installing cooking

and refrigeration equipment, and for storing cooking utensils.

Provides additional requirements for housing for the elderly. (6-2. e) Suggests minimum areas of kitchen

storage space!

-Total shelving In wall and base cabinets - 30 sq. ft. -Drawer area - 5 sq. ft. -Unable storage shelving in cooking

range or under sink may be counted

In total shelving needed.

(Guides, 6-11. d)

B-13
SPACE. OCCUPANCY AND FACILITY REQUIREMENTS (Cont.)

APHA-CDC RECOMMENDED

SUBJECT MATTER HDUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND DCCUPANCY ORDINANCE. HOUSING CODE. UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1975 REV, 1974 1979 EDITION (ICBO)

3. Basic facilities and equipment

(cont .

)

- Bathroom facilities

o Provide a non-habl table room which

affords privacy and equipped with:

-Flush water closet,

-Lavatory sink, and -Bathtub or shower,

o Connect to approved water supply

system and sewer system,

o Water Inlets for lavatory sinks and bathtubs to be located above overflow rim. (^ . Oi' , 4 . 03 ,4 . 0^)

o Provide within each dwelling unit:

1.

Water closet,

2.

Bathtub or shower, and

3.

Lavatory. (Hl-505.5)

1

o Provide bathroom equipped with water closet, lavatory, and either

a batlitub or shower,

o Connect fixtures to a sanitary

sewer or approved private disposal

system. Provide liot and cold run- ning water connected to an approved water supply system. All plumbing

fixtures to be of an approved

glazed earthenware type or similar

non-absorbent material . (505 (a),(d))

- Laundry, utility and other

facilities

- o Facilities for the safe storage of drugs and household poisons . (4 .07) (No specific requirement) (No specific requirement)

'

(

B-14
Space, Occupancy and Facility Requlrementa ( cont.)

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

(BOCA) FEB. 1978

o Bathroom facilities shall Include: -A water closet supplied with run- ning water In an enclosed area

not less than 10 Inches In width

with not less than 18 Inches clear space In front of water

closet • -A bathtub or shower with a sup- ply of hot and cold running

water, and In a bathroom separate from habitable rooms. -A lavatory with a supply of hot

and cold running water, located

in the same room as the water

closet, or Immediately adjacent

thereto. (B.4.1)

o Complete bathing and sanitary facilities sliall be provided wltbln each living unit; they shall consist of a water closet, a tub or shower, and a lavatory. Provide an adequate supply

of hot water to the tub or stiower stall and lavatory, and cold water to all fixtures. Arrangement of fixtures

shall provide for the comfortable use

of each fixture and permit at least a 90 degree door swing. Wall space shall

be available for a mirror or medicine

cabinet and for towel bars,

o Provides additional requirements for housing for the elderly. (4-2. f)

STANDARD HDUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION

(SBCCI)

o Lavatory, tub or shower, and a water closet In good working con- dition and properly connected to

an approved water and sewer system. (302.1)

o Water closet, tub or shower, and lavatory to be located In a room affording privacy to the user. Room to have minimum floor space

of 30 sq. ft. , with no dimension

less than 4 ft. o Bathrooms to be accessible from habitable rooms, hallways, or other protected areas, not Including kitchens or other food preparation areas. (302.2)

(No specific requirement)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE. 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

o A room separate from habitable

rooms with privacy and a water

closet supplied with cold running

water. Lavatory may be placed In same room as water closet, or. If located In another room, the lavatory shall be located In close

proximity. Lavatory shall be sup- plied with hot and cold running

water- (PM-501.1.1)

o A room with privacy and equipped

with a bathtub or shower supplied

with hot and cold running water. (PM-501.1.2)

o Provide adequate space for laundry equipment, except that laundry

facilities need not be provided

In the dwelling unit If provision

is made for such facilities In common space within the building,

or In a nearby building. (B.4.1)

o Provide adequate space for laundry

equipment within each living unit, off

a public corridor, or In a basement or other suitable space for use of all

btilldlng occupants. (4-2. g)

(No specific requirement)

B-15
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-« A »iii**-
Appendix C

WINDOWS AND DOORS
WINDOWS AND DOORS

SUBJECT MATTER

1 . Windows, Doors and Other Access Openings

- Exterior protection/weatherproofing

APHA-CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE, HOUSING CODE,

1975 REV, 1974

o Every window, exterior door and hatchway or similar device shall be

so constructed to exclude Insects during that portion of tlie year when

there Is a need for protection

against mosquitoes, flies and other

flying Insects. (7.05)

o Exterior doors, windows, skylights

and similar openings sliall be main- tained weather-tight . (Hl-302)

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION (ICB0|

(No specific requirement)
STANDARD HOUSING CODE.

1979 EDITION

ISBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE. 1978 EDITION

|BOCA)

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

(BOCA) FEB. 1978

o Every window, exterior door end basement or cellar door and hatch- way shall be substantially weathertight, watertight and rodent proof;

and shall be kept In sound working

condition and good repair. (305.7)

o Window sash shall be properly fitted

and weather-tight within the wlndo'

frame. (305. 1) o Every exterior door shall fit reasonably well within Its frame so

as to substantially exclude rain and wind from entering the dwelling

building. (305.12)

o Every window, door, and frame shall

be constructed and maintained In such relation to the adjacent wall

construction so as to exclude rain

an completely as possible, and to substantially exclude wind from entering the dwelling or structure.

(PM-302.A)

o Every window and exterior door shall be fitted reasonably In Its frame and be weather-tight and weather

stripping shall be used to exclude

wind or rain from entering the dwelling or structure and they shall be

. kept In sound condition and good repair, (PM-302,4.11

o Every basement or cellar window whlci

Is openable shall be supplied with

rodent-proof shields, or storm windows or other material' affording pro- tection against the entry of rodents. (PM-302.4.7)

o Every basement or cellar hatchway

shall be so constructed and maintained as to prevent the entrance of rodents, rain, and surface drainage water Into the structure. (Pf(-302 .'4 .

(No specific requirement) o Doors and windows shall be ade- quately weather-stripped to re- duce Infiltration of air.

o Replace loose or brittle caulking

around door and window frames and Install new caulking If none Is present . (7-2 . c)

C-3
WINDOWS AND DOORS (Cont.)

SUBJECT MATTER

APHA CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE,

1975 REV,

NEW YDRK STATE MODEL

HOUSING CODE.

1974

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION |ICB0)

1. Windows, Doors and Other Access

Openings (cont.)

- Thermal protection (No Specific requirement)

(

)

(No specific requirement) (No specific requirement)

- (Mazing (No specific requirement) (No specific requirement) (No specific requirement)

r-4
STANDARD HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION

(SBCCII

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

IBOCAj

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

(No specific requirement) (No specific requirement) (No specific requirement) o Necessary corrective measures shall

be required to ensure that the building has the following minimum thermal protection

Thermal protection for glazing and doors Is required for all habitable

heated areas In locations having

more than 4500 annual winter degree

days. This will he effected through

the Installation of storm doors and storm sash or Inserts, or Insulating

glass. Material and Installation

may be the most economical locally

acceptable, but must meet the 0 values as prescribed for new construction. Storm doors need not be applied to doTible front doors, double

Tvery window sash shall be fully

supplied with glass window panes or

an approved substitute which are without open cracks or hoi es. ( 105 . R)

o Rvery required window sash shall be

fully supplied with approved glazing

materials which are without open cracks or holes. (PM-102.4.2)

(No

French doors, sliding glass doors

or any other door for which the cost of custom manufacturing would

be excessive. Casement and awning

windows and other types of sash may be exempted on an Individual

basis In any Instance due to discontinued sizes, unusual opening

configuration for which no storm

sash Is manufactured and for which

the cost of custom manufacturing

would be excessive. (7-2. c)

specific requirement) o Defective glass shall he replaced or corrected

(R-5)

C-5
WINDOWS AND DOORS (Cont.)

APHA-CDC RECOMMENDED

SUBJECT MATTER HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY DRDINANCE, HOUSING CODE, UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1975 REV. 1974 1979 EDITION |ICB0)

1. Wi ndows, Doors and Other Access Openings (cont.)

- Screens o Every doorway used for ventilation

and opening directly from a dwelling

unit to outside space shall have supplied properly fitting screens having at least sixteen (16) mesh

and with a selfclosing device.

(7.05.01)

o Every window or other device with

openings to outdoor space, used for ventilation, shall be supplied with

screens: except that such screens

shall not be required (a) In rooms deemed by the (Appropriate Authority)

to be located high enough as to be

free from such insects, and/or (b) In rooms located In areas of this (name

(No specific requirement) (No specific requirement)

of Corporate Unit) which are deemed

by the (Appropriate Authority) to have so few insects as to render screens unnecessary. (7.05.02)

o All windows located at or near

ground level used or Intended to be

used for ventilation, all other

openings located at or near ground

level, and all exterior doorways

which might provide an entry for rats shall be supplied with adequate screens or such other devices as will

effectively prevent tlie entrance of

rats Into the structure. (7.06.02)

C-6
STANDARD HDUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION

(SBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

IBOCA)

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCA)

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES.

FEB. 1978

o Every door opening directly From a o dwelling unit to outdoor apace shall have screen doors with a self-closing

device; and every window or other

device with opening to outdoor space, used or Intended to be used for ventilation, shall likewise have

screens. (305.13)

Every door and window or other outside opening used for ventll.atlon purposes shall be supplied with

approved screening, and every swinging screen door shall have a self-closing device In good working

condition, except that such screens

shall not be required for areas on a floor above the fifth floor and screen doors shall not he required

on non-resldentlal structures or structures where the doors are required to swing out as required In the building code. (PM-30;/ . 4 . 4)

(No specific requirement) o Screens shall be provided for all windows, doors and other openings

except in regions where their use is not customary or needed. Existing

screens, and storm sash which are to be continued In use sliall be In suit- able condition to nerve their Intended purpose.. (8-5)
WINDOWS AND DOORS (Cont.)

SUBJECT MATTER

APHA-CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE,

1975 REV,

NEW YORK STATE MODEL

HOUSING CODE,

1974

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION (ICBO)

1. Mindows, Doors and Other Access Openings (cont.)

- llardware/physlcal security 0 No person shall let to another for occupancy any dwelling or dwelling

unit unless all exterior doors of

the dwelling or dwelling unit are equipped with functioning locking

devices. (4-09)

(No Specific requirement)

)

(No specific requirement)

- Size (No specific requirement)

1

(No specific requirement) (No specific requirement)

C-8

1
STANDARD HOUSING CODE.

1979 EDITION

(SDCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE. 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES.

(BOCA) FEB. 1978

o Every window required for llglit and o ventilation for habitable rooms

shall be capable of being easily

opened and secured In position by

window hardware. (305.10)

o Every exterior door shall be pro- o vlded with proper hardware and maintained In good condition (305.11)

(No specific

o

requirement)

I

Every window, other than a fixed

window, shall be capable of being

easily opened and shall be held in position by window hardware-

(PM- 302, 4. 3) Every exterior door, door hinge, and door latch shall be maintained In good condition. Poor locks In dwelling units shall be In good

repair and capable of tightly

securing the door. (PH-302. A. 5) Every door available as an exit shall be capable of being opened

easily from the Inside and without

the use of a key. (PH-303.7)

(No specific requirement)

(No specific rcqtilrement)

o Poors and openings shall be six

(6) feet eight (8) Inches mini- mum In height with minimum widths

as shown In the following Table MINIMUM POOR WIPTUS

Room or space Minimum 1 Poor Width

Habitable or occuplable

rooms 2 ft. 6 In. Bathrooms, water closet compartments, storage

closets (over sq.ft.

In area) 2 ft. 0 In. Exit access or service

stairs 2 ft. 6 In. Exit doors 3 ft. 0 In.

I

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

Existing Windows and Poors, Including

their hardware shall operate satisfactorily and give evidence of continuing acceptable service.

Pefcctlve glacs or locking mechanisms

shall be replaced or corrected. (8-5)

Exterior doors shall have safe locks. Provide a locking device on bath and toilet compartment doors- (^-^'!

Provide openings adequate In size

to admit furniture and equipment

to all spaces and to permit In- spection for repair and maintenance.

Exterior Poors.

-In housing for elderly, a primary entrance door shall be at leant 3'-0" wide.

Interior Poors.

-P»*ovlde a door for each opening

to a bedroom, batliroom or toilet

compartment

j

-In housing for elderly, doors In living units to habitable rooms

and bath shall be at least 2'-8" wide , (^-^t) Exterior doors should be at least the following sizes:
WINDOWS AND DOORS (Cont.)

APHA CDC RECOMMENDED

SUBJECT MATTER HOUSING MAINTENANCE

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE.

1975 REV,

NEW YORK STATE MODEL

HOUSING CODE.

1974

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE.

1979 EDITION (ICBO)

1. Windows, Doors and Other Access

Openings (cont.)

- Size (cont.) )

CIO
STANDARD HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION

(SBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCA)

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

o At least one (1) scuttle or access hatch to attic or craw

spaces shall be provided In a convenient location and shall have a minimum opening of eighteen by twenty-two (18 x 22) In- ches, except where permanent ac- cess Is provided, (B.7.2)

r-ii

Width Height

1-Maln entrance 6'6'' door

3'-0(a)

2-Servlc.e doors 2’-6" 6'6" 3-Garage doors. 8’-0" 6'4"

1 car clear opening

4-Garage doors. 12 ’-0" 6 ’4"

2 car clear opening

(a) Where serving 12 or more

I.lvlng Units - 3'A"

o Interior Doors should be at least

the following sire:

1-

Hahltable rooms, 2 ft. -6 In. wide2-

Bathrooms, toilet compartments

and closets other than linen and broom, 2 ft.-O In. wide.

3-

Servlce stair doors, 2 ft. -6 in. wide

4-

Cased openings, 2 ft. -6 in. wide.

5-

To public stairway enclosures,

door - 3 ft.-O In. wide; 2 ft. -A In. wide, .

6-

Helght of all Interior doors,

6 ft. -6".

o Attic and Bnsementless Spaces. Access to attics should be provided

by means of conveniently located scuttles or a disappearing or per- manently Installed stairway. For attic and basementless spaces, the minimum access opening should be

14 X 22 Inches. However, If either

are to contain mechanical equipment, the access opening shall be

of sufficient size to permit the removal and replacement of the equipment. (Culdes, 4-13)
WINDOWS AND DOORS (Cont.)

SUBJECT MATTER

APHA CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE,

1975 REV.

NEW YORK STATE MODEL

HOUSING CODE.

1974

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION (ICBO)

1. Windows, Doors and Other Access

Openings (cont.)

(No specific requirement) (No specific requirement) (No specific requirement)

(

C-12

t
STANDARD HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION

(SBCCII

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCA)

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

(No specific requirement) (No specific requirement)

C-13

o The following guides should be used

to determine the need for repair or replacing trim, window sasli, doors

and frames!

a. Repair, If work can be done In place;

b. Replace, If the entire component

needs to be removed In order to restore;

c. Reflnlsh, If only the surface

needs work In order to restore

to new condition .(8-12, Gulden)
sSir'*# ' vil^xh. f*ilwa'

’

f»ii»ir^s^^^W»<^* -\’«i^i> KnjLA»tn '#

»'*f} n| <ftM»«k *4 n»t -® tri^H

tf? i*<Wn» «# Sk*-<#HN <»> .f>.-»'*)'

•T)*l<v<* «<H »T*'" *4*ii"fl''>'<( ^

*:roT»%T <rt *-a-nft wJ •,»'^t» «lr*<f»» r»rb|i<» ,jf-*), «»*»W«> W»w ai

*V

T-". ,''*

::.T-,'1> _

. i,

• •.
Appendix D

STAIRS. RAMPS. LANDINGS. PORCHES, BALCONIES
STAIRS, RAMPS. LANDINGS. PORCHES. BALCONIES

SUBJECT MATTER

APHA CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE

AND DCCUPANCY ORDINANCE.

1975 REV.

NEW YDRK STATE MODEL

HOUSING CODE,

1974

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION (ICBOj

1 . Stairways, Ramps, LandiiiRS Every Inside and outside stair sliall be safe to use and capable of sup- porting the loads that normal use may cause to be placed tbereon; and shall be kept In sound condition and good repair.

Every Inside and outside stair or step shall have uniform risers and uniform treads. (7.01)

Stairway treads, risers, and land- ings shall be arranged, constructed, proportioned, and maintained

to provide safe ascent and descent. Guard rails or balustrades, at least 31 Inches in height above nosings and 36 Inches In height

above landings, shall be provided

at open portions of stairways.

Handrails shall be provided on at least one side of stairways.

Where stairways provide access to roofs by means of scuttles or bulk- head doors, such scuttles or doors

shall be readily openable from the interior without the use of tools

or keys. (111-210.6) Exterior stairs, porches, entrance

platforms, fire escapes, and the railings thereon, shall be maintained In a safe and sound condition. (111-302)

D-2

(No specific re(|uirement)
STANDARD HOUSING CODE.

1979 EDITION

(SBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCAI

HUD 4940.4, MUIIMUM

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

Every Inside and outside stair,

porch and any appurtenances thereto

shall he safe to use and capable of supporting the load that normal use may cause to he placed thereon; and

sliall he kept In sound condition

and good repair. (305.5)

o Every stair, porch balcony, and all appurtenances attached thereto shall be so constructed as to he safe to use and capable of supporting the loads to which It Is subjected and shall be kept In sound condition an good repair. (PM-302.3.7)

o Stairs and other exit facilities

shall be adequate for safety as provided In the building code. (rM-303.8)

o All Interior stairs and railings

and other exit facilities of every

structtire shall be maintained In

sotind condition and good repair by

replacing treads and risers that evidence excessive wear or are broken, warped or loose. Every In- side stair shall be so constructed

and maintained as to be safe to use and capable of supporting the anticipated loads. (PM-303.8.1)

o All stairways shall conform to the requirements of the building code. (B.7.2)

D-3

All stairways shall provide safety

of ascent and descent, and stairs

and landings shall be arranged to permit adequate headroom and space

for the passage of ftimlture and equipment.

Existing stairways In sound condition to remain or to be repaired

shall not be to any serious extent below minimum standards of good

practice as to rise and run of steps, headroom, obstructions, stair

width, landings, or railing protection- New stairways to be constructed

shall comply with standards of good

practice and be appropriate to the building and occupant load.

In buildings reotilred to be accessible to the physically handicapped,

the maximum riser Is 7-1/2 In. Winders or open risers shall not be used In such buildings, (4-5)

Minimum standards for good practice

In the planning and construction of stairways are contained In the Mini mum Property Standards for Multifamily Housing (HUD 4910.1)-

* (Guides, 4-14) The carpeting of stairways In multifamily buildings Is not recommended.

(8-13, Guides)
STAIRS. RAMPS. LANDINGS. PORCHES. BALCONIES (Cont.)

APHA CDC RECOMMENDED

SUBJECT MATTER HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE. HOUSING CODE, UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1975 REV, 1974 1979 EDITION (ICBO|

2. Handrails, Guardrails o Structurally sound handrails shall be provided on any steps containing four

(It) risers or more. Porches, patios,

and/or balconies located more than three (3) feet higher than the adjacent are shall have structurally

sound protective guard or handrails.

(4.06)

(

o Handrails shall be provided on at least one side of stairways.

(Hl-210.6)

o Ralllngis or parapet walls shall be provided at open sides of bal- conies, mezzanines, porches, ac- cessible roofs, exit passageways,

areaways, motor vehicle parking

decks and ramps, and around floor openings

o Railings or parapet walls shall be

at least 3 feet 6 inches In height

and designed to resist a lateral

load, at the top, of at least 50 pounds per linear foot. Fixed

openings in railings or parapet

walls shall nut exceed 6 Inches in one dimension.

o Wheel bumper blocks shall be provided at perimeter and around floor openings of open motor vehicle

parking decks and ramps. Wheel

bumper blocks shall be continuous,

at least 8 Inches In height, fas- tened to the floor, and designed

to resist a minimum linear load of 300 pounds per foot. (Hl-209)

(No specific requirements)

3. Existing Porches, Appurtenances,

Etc.

o Every porch and every appurtenance

thereto shall be safe to use and capable of supporting the loads that normal use may cause to be placed

thereon; and shall be kept In sound condition and good repair. (7.01)

o Exterior stairs, porches, entrance

platforms, fire escapes, and the railings thereon, shall be maintained In a safe and sound condition. (Hl-302)

D-4

(No specific requirements)
HUD 4940.4. MINIMUM

STANDARD HDUSING CODE.

1979 EDITION

(S6CCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE. 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

CDDE ENFDRCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

|B0CA|

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES.

FEB. 1978

o Protective railing shall be required

on any unenclosed structure over thirty (30) Inches from the ground

level or on any steps containing

four (4) risers or more. (305.6)

o Every flight of stairs, which Is more than three (3) risers high, shall have handrails which shall be located as required by the building

code, and every open portion of a stair, porch, landing and balcony

which Is more than thirty (30) Inchef above the floor or grade below shall have guardrails. Every handrail and guardrail shall be firmly fastened

and capable of bearing normally

Imposed loads and shall be malntalnec'

In good condition. (PH-303.8.2)

< 1

o (No specific requirement)

' ' “

o Public stairs shall have handrails

In accordat'.ce with ANSI A117.1.

(^-5)

o Every Inside and outside stair, porch

and any appurtenance thereto shall he safe to use and capable of supporting

the load that normal use may c.suse tc be placed thereon; and shall be kept

In sound condition and good repair.

(305.5)

o Every porch, balcony and all appurtenances attached thereto shall be

so constructed as to be safe to use

and capable of supporting the loads

to which It Is subjected and shall

be kept In sound condition and good

repair. (PM-302.3.7)

(No specific requirements)

D-5

t o All exterior appurtenances or accessory structures which serve

no useful purpose, or those In a deteriorated condition which are

not economically repairable, sliall be removed. Such structures In- clude porches, terraces, entrance

platforms, garages, carports, wallq

fences, and miscellaneous slieds.(4-8)
'

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P,k#foU"*f

-T' . . . _ ..

ri I t . ;;^i ^ :^:' "U.1 -“- i>.ci :s..®: i- r-
Appendix E

FIRE PROTECTION/FIRE SAFETY

E-l
FIRE PROTECTION/FIRE SAFETY

APHA-CDC RECOMMENDED

SUBJECT MATTER HOUSING MAINTENANCE

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE.

1975 REV.

NEW YORK STATE MODEL

HOUSING CODE,

1974

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION (ICBO)

1. Responslbllity/Scope (No specific requirement) o Buildings and structures shall be constructed and maintained to pre-. vent and avoid fire hazards, and in

a manner conducive to fire safety.

(Hl-401)

0 All buildings or portions thereof

shall be provided with the degree

of f Ire-reslstlve construction as required by tlie Building Code for

tlie appropriate occupancy, type

of construction and location on property; and shall be provided

with the appropriate flre-extln- gulshing systems or equipment re- quired by Chapter 38 of the Building Code. (901)

2. Fire Resistance/Fire Spread

Requirements

(No specific requirement)

(

o Floors, walls, ceilings, soffits,

and other components required to provide a fire-resistive enclosure

or separation, and construction re- quired to protect structural members, shall be maintained so that

the respective fire-resistance

rating of the enclosure, separation, or construction is preserved,

o In buildings of mixed occupancy - nonresldential space shall be separated from residential space by

fire separations having a flre-re- slstance rating of at least 1 hour,

o In multiple dwellings - floor con- struction above a cellar or basement stiall have a f Ire-reslstance

rating of at least 1 hour, except

such requirement shall not apply

where tlie cellar or basement Is completely protected by an auto- matic sprinkler system,

o In multiple dwellings - spaces used

as carpenter, repair, or paint.

E-2

(No specific requirement)
STANDARD HDUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION

(SBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

code; 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCA)

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

o A person shall not occupy as owneroccupant or shall let to another for occupancy, any btilldlng or structure

which does not comply with the applicable provisions of the fire prevention code of the applicable Rovernlng

body. (302.8)

(No specific requirement)

o The owner of the structure shall provide and maintain such fire safety facilities and equipment In com- pliance with these requirements and

the fire prevention code. A person

shall not occupy as owner-occupant

or let to another for occupancy or use any premises which do not comply

with the following requirements of this article. (PM-700.2)

o Floors, walls, ceilings, and other

elements and components reqtilred to develop a f Ire-reslstance rating

shall be maintained so that the respective flre-reslstance rating

of the enclosure, separation, or construction Is preserved, (PM-703. 1)

o The provisions of this section o shall govern the Interior, builtin fire protection features of rehabilitated residential buildings. (8.6)

o Dwelling-garage separation: The common wall or floor-celling. If any, between a garage and a dwelling shall be protected as required by the building code for new construction

o Flame spread requirements: The maximum flame spread rating for all Interior exposed surfaces of the dwelling shall be that re- quired by the building code for new construction

o Roof covering: Roofing materials

shall be as required by the building code for new construction. (B.6.1)

E-3

I.lfe safety provisions shall comply

with 405-5.2 of HEIGHT AND AREA

LIMITATIONS, 405-6 EXITS, 405-8 INTERIOR FINISH, 405-14 FIRE ALARM

AND EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS and 405-

15 STANDPIPES of the Minimum Pro- perty Standards as applicable. When buildings cannot be rehabilitated

In substantial conformance with

these criteria, alternate methods

of protection shall be provided.

(5-2)

(Section 405-8 of the Minimum

Property Standards requires - INTERIOR FINISH Flame Spread Limitations

a. The surface flame spread rating

of Interior finish materials of walls, ceilings and kitchen cabi- nets shall not exceed 200 deter- mined by an Independent testing

laboratory or recognized association laboratory In accordance

with ASTM E84. ASTM E162 may be used for kitchen cabinets and similar Items

b.(Flame spread of kitchen cabinets

shall apply to combustible cabinet doors, exposed end panels and bottoms and counter tops. Cabinet

frame rails, stiles, mulllons and

toe strips are exempted. Doors (except closet doors exceeding

6 ft. In width), trim around openings, baseboards, moldings and chair rails may be excitided In the calculation of flame spread limitations
FIRE PROTECTION/FIRE SAFETY (Cont.)

SUBJECT MATTER

APHA CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE, HOUSING CODE, UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1975 REV. 1974 1979 EDITION |ICB0|

2 . Fire Realatance/Flre Spread

Requirements (cont.)

shops, and spaces where flammable

or combustible materials are stored, shall be enclosed by con- struction having a f Ire-reslstance

rating of at least 1 hour

o In multiple dwellings - central kitchens shall be separated from central dining rooms by construction having a fire-resistance rating of at least 1 hour

o A garage within, or attached to, a building containing a residential occupancy shall be separated from

the residential portion of the building by construction capable of preventing the passage of fumes and vapors and having a f Ire-reslstance

rating as follows: for one- and two-family dwellings, at least 1/2 hour; for multiple dwellings, at least 1 hour

o Interior finish in enclosed exits shall have a flame-spread rating of not more than 75 o Draperies and decorative materials

located in enclosed exits or public

spaces shall be noncombustible or flame-resistant (Ill-AOA)

E-4
HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARD HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION

(SBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE. 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCA)

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

HarklnR

FIxcppt for conventional homoRpneoiis

materials whose flame spread char- acteristics have been determined

by test and are In common usage,

all finishing materials shall be marked to Indicate the maximum

flame spread rating)

E-5
SUBJECT MATTER

FIRE PROTECTION/FIRE SAFETY (Cont.)

APHA-CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE, HOUSING CODE,

1975 REV. 1974

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION (ICBOj

3. Fire Protection Systems and Equipment

(No specific requirement)

E-6

Self-closing devices of exit doors

shall be maintained In good oper- ating condition. Only approvedtype' magnetic hold-open devices

connected to fire protection systems may be used to hold open exit

doors, except that no devices or objects may be used to hold open

exit doors In stairway enclosures

at floor landings. , (111-404) Fire protection equipment shall be provided In readily accessible lo- cations, and clearly visible, as

foil ows

1-

In boiler or furnace rooms having fuel-burning equipment with

a capacity of up to 1,000,000

Btu per hour of Individual or combined rating, at least one approved multi-purpose dry chemical type portable fire extinguisher; in boiler or furnace

rooms with fuel-burning equipment

having a capacity In excess of 1,000,000 Btu per hour, at least

two such portable fire extinguishers .

2-

In dormitory units, one approved

Class A type portable fire ex- tinguisher for each multiple of 1,250 square feet of floor area,

or fraction tliereof, in excess

of 1,250 square feet of floor

area.

3-

In central kltcliens, one ap- proved multi-purpose dry chemical type portable fire extinguisher for each multiple of

(No specific requirement)
STANDARD HDUSIN6 CDDE

1979 EDITION

(SBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

lo specific requirement) o Ml fire protection systems and equipment shall he maintained In proper operating condition at all

times. (PM-704.1)

o Fire alarms and detecting systems

shall be maintained and be suitable

for their respective purposes,

(PM-704.1)

o Fire suppression systems shall be maintained in good condition, free from mechanical injury. Sprinkler

heads shall be maintained clean,

free of corrosion and paint, and

not bent or damaged. (PM-704.2)

o Hose stations shall be Identified

and accessible. The hose shall be li proper position, ready for operation, dry, and free of deterioration. (PM-704.3)

o All portable fire extinguishers

shall be visible and accessible,

and maintained In an efficient and safe operating condl tlon . (PM-704 . 4)

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCA)

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

o Fire protection equipment: Fire

protection equipment shall meet

the requirements of all applicable

codes or ordinances. (B/6/1)

(Section 403-14 of the Minimum

Property Standards requires -

FIPF, ALARM SYSTEMS

o Not less than one automatic smoke detector, which may be a singlestation alarm device, shall be In- stalled lo each living unit near the sleeping areas. For two story dwellings one smoke detector In the upper

hall at head of the stairway Is suf- ficient when the stairway Is open

and the lower sleeping area, if any,

is adjacent to the open stairway,

o Smoke detectors shall be either the ionization chamber or the photoelectric type and shall comply with all

the requirements of Underwriters

Laboratories Standard No. 167 for

E-7

Ionization and 168 for photoelectric

type detectors. Detectors sliall bear

the label of a testing and approval

laboratory indicates the smoke de- tectors have been tested and approval under the requirements of Ul. 167 and

168, The testing and approved labor- atory shall be one which maintains a periodic follow-up service of the labeled devices to ensure compliance

with the original approval,

o All smoke detectors shall operate

from the dwelling's electrical circuit. The detector mounting shall be permanently attached to an electrical) outlet box and the detector wired into a general electrical circuit. There shall be no switches In the circuit to the detector other than

the overcurrent protective device

protecting the branch circuit. There shall be no switches In the circuit to the detector other than

the overcurrent protective device

protecting the branch circuit.)
FIRE PROTECTION/FIRE SAFETY (Cent.)

SUBJECT MATTER

3. Fire Protection Syatema and figulp- ment (cont .

APHA-CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE, HOUSING COOE, UNIFORM HOUSING CODE.

1975 REV. 1974 1979 EDITION (ICB0|

1,000 square feet of floor area,

or fraction thereof

4-

In public spaces, one approved

Class A type portable fire extlngulslier for each multiple of 2,500 square feet of floor area,

or fraction thereof. In excess of 2,500 square feet of floor area

5-

In garages serving multiple,

dwellings, one approved multi- purpose dry chemical type portable fire extinguisher for each multiple of 2,500 square feet of floor area, or fraction thereof.

o Wliere an approved automatic fire

extinguishing system Is provided,

portable fire extinguishers are

not required. (Hl-406)

E-8
STANDARD HOUSING CODE.

1979 EDITION

(SBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCA)

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978
FIRE PROTECTION/FIRE SAFETY (Cont.)

SUBJECT MATTER

APHA-CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE.

1975 REV.

NEW YORK STATE MODEL

HOUSING CODE,

1974

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION |ICBO|

4 . Prohibited Accumulations and Storage

o No highly flanmable or explosive

matter, such as paints, volatile

oils, and cleaning fluids, or com- bustible refuse, such as waste paper, boxes, and rags, shall be ac- cumulated or stored on residential

premises, except In spaces in con- formance with section Hl-40Ad.

o Nothing shall be placed, accumulated, or stored on residential

premises which obstructs egress

from stairways, passageways, doors windows, fire escapes, or other means of exit, or Interferes with

the use of f Ire-f Ightlng equipment

or performance by f Ire-flghtlng

personnel. (Hl-402)

o Vending machines and other equipment or materials shall not be lo- cated In lobbies, corridors, or passageways if It constitutes a fire hazard or Interferes with the exit facilities. (H1-40A)

E-IO

(No specific requirement)
STANDARD HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION

(SBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

(BOCAI

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCA)

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

(No specific requirement) Waste, refuse, or other materials

shall not he allowed to accumulate

In stairways, passageways, doors,

windows, fire escapes, or other

means of egress, (PM-702.1)

Highly flammahle or explosive matter, such as paints, volatile oils,

and cleaning fltilds, or combustible

refuse, such as waste paper, boxes,

and rags, shall not be accumulated

or stored on residential premises

except In reasonable qilantlties con- sistent with normal usage, (PM-702. 2) A dwelling unit or rooming tinlt shall not be located within a structure containing an establishment handling, dispensing or storing flam- mable liquids with a flash point of one hundred ten (110) degrees F. or lower, except as provided for In the building code. (PM-702.3)

Non-resldentlal structures shall be permitted to store combustible or flammable materials provided they

are confined to approved storage

areas and comply with applicable re- quirements of tile building and fire codes for the appropriate use group classification. (PM-702.A)

(No specific requirement)
FIRE PROTECTION/FIRE SAFETY (Cont.)

SUBJECT MATTER

APHA-CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE,

1975 REV.

NEW YORK STATE MODEL

HOUSING CODE,

1974

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

'1979 EDITION (ICBO)

5. Fireplaces (No specific requirement) o Fireplaces, and other construction ahd devices Intended for use similar to a fireplace, shall be stable and structurally safe and connected to approved chimneys,

o Fireplaces and similar construction and devices shall be In- stalled and maintained so that when In use adjacent combustible

materials or construction will not be heated to a temperature exceeding 175°F. , nor Ignited by sparks

or embers from the fire. (Hl-405)

(No specific requirement)

E-12
HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARD HOUSING CODE, BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

1979 EDITION CODE. 1978 EDITION FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

(SBCCI) (BOCA) (BOCAi FEB. 1978

(No specific requirement) (No specific requirement) (No specific requirement) I (No specific requirement)

( (

E-13
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Appendix F MEANS OF EGRESS/EXITS

F-l
MEANS OF EGRESS/EXITS

SUBJECT MATTER

APHA CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE. HOUSING CODE, UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1975 REV. 1974 1979 EDITION |ICBO)

1. Means of escape requirements

- Number of exits o Every dwelling unit sliall liave at least 2 means of egress leading to safe and open space at ground level

o Every dwelling unit In a multiple

dwelling shall have Immediate access

to 2 or more approved means of egress leading to safe and open

space at ground level. (A. 05)

o In two-family dwellings three stories' or less In height, and In one

family dwellings, In addition to the primary exit there shall be provided an emergency exit from each story. (Hl-210.2b)

o In two-famlly dwellings more than three stories In height, exits

shall comply with any of the following:

1-

One interior stairway enclosed

In construction having at least

a 3/4 liour f Ire-reslstance

rating with openings In such en- closure protected by self-closing doors; or

2-

Two Interior stairways with all doors opening upon such stair- ways equipped with a self-closing device; or

3-

One Interior stairway with all doors opening upon such stair- way equipped with a self-closing

device, and one exterior stair- way or fire escape providing

exit from each dwelling unit on any story; or

4-

One Interior stairway equipped

with an automatic sprinkler system, with all doors opening upon such stairway equipped with a self-closing device. (111-210. 2c)

o (Further provisions given for multiple dwellings In Hl-210.3)

o Every dwelling unit or guest room shall have access directly to the outside or to a public corridor.

All buildings or portions thereof

shall be provided with exits,

exltways, ami appurtenances as required by Chapter 33 of the Building Code.

o Every sleeping room below the fourth story shall have at least one opernble window or exterior

door approved for emergency egress or rescue. Tlie units shall be operable from the Inside to pro- vide a full clear opening without

the use of separate tools. (801)

F-2
STANDARD HDUSIN6 CODE,

1979 EDITION

(SBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

coot 197B EDITION

(BOCA)

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCA)

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

o Every dwelling unit shall have safe,

unobstructed means of egress leading

to a safe and open space at ground

level. (305.4)

o A safe, continuous and unobstructed

means of egress shall he provided

from the Interior of a structure to the exterior at a street, or to a yard, court, or passageway leading

to a public open area at grade.

(rM-701.1)

o Safe means of egress from reha- bilitated btilldlngs per require- ments of the building code applicable to one and two family dwell

Ing occtipancy or multi-family

dwelling occupancy constitute the exit requirements . (B. 5. 1 & B.5.2)

o Objective Is to provide means of egress whlcli will permit persons

to leave the building with safety

In an emergency, and permit access

for fire control personnel (5-1) o Comply with Intent of Section 405-6 EXITS of the Minimum Property

Standards - also, alternate methods

of protection are allowed (5-2)

(Section 405-6 of the MTS requires

at least two means of egress from each room used for sleeping, living

or dining. One of the exits to be

a door or stairway providing a means of unobstructed travel to the outside at street or ground level.)

F-3
MEANS OF EGRESS/EXITS |Cont.)

APHA-CDC RECOMMENDED

SUBJECT MATTER HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE, HOUSING CODE, UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1975 REV. 1974 1979 EDITION (ICBOj

Means of escape Leqiilrementfl (cont)

- Clearance/openings for emergency

egress or rescue

Bedrooms located below the fourth floor shall be provided with an exterior door or window of such dimensions as to be used as a means

of emergency egress. (A. 05)

- Arrangement of means of egress o Access to or egress from each dwell Ing unit shall be provided without

passing through any other dwelling

unit . (4.08)

o At least 4 sq. ft. of openable

area

-Min. dimension of 18 Inches

-Max, height of 42 Inches above

floor. (111-210. 2b)

o Celling height for corridors and hallways In multiple dwellings

-Min. of 7 ft. 6 Inches

-Min. head room for stairways of 7 ft. (Hl-210.4)

o Exits from dwelling units shall

not lead through other units, or through toilet rooms or bathrooms

(Hl-210.1c)

F-4

o Min. net clear opening of 5.7 sq.

ft. -Min. height dimension of opening

shall be 24 Inches

-Min. width dimension of opening

shall be 20 Inches -Windows shall have max. sill

height of 44 Inches above floor.

(801)

(UBC Section 3302 stipulates that exits are not to pass through

kitchens, storerooms, restrooms,

closets or spaces used for similar

purposes)
HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARD HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION

(SBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

IBOCA)

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATIDN

(BOCA)

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

o Min. celling height of 7 ft. o Stairs nhall have a min. head room

of 6 ft. 8 Inchea, (305. ^i)

(No specific requirement) (No specific requirement) (.Section A05-6 of the MTS requires - 0 Min. openahle area of 5.7 sq. ft. o Min. height dimension of opening

to be 2A Inches.

o Min. width dimension of opening

to be 20 Inches,

o Windows shall have max. sill height of 4A Inches above floor.)

(No .specific requirement) o All doors In the required means of egress shall be readily openahle

from the Inner side without the use

of keys. Kxlts from dwelling units,

liotel units, lodging units, and dormitory units shall not lead

throtigh other such units, or through toilet rooms or bathrooms.

(PM-701.3)

(No specific requirement) (No specific requirement)

||

F-5
MEANS OF EGRESS/EXITS (Cont.)

SUBJECT MATTER

APHA CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE,

1975 REV.

NEW YORK STATE MODEL

HOUSING CODE,

1974

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION jlCBO)

2. Fire escapes (No specific requirement) o Fire escapes which serve as a secondary means of egress shall

be of material having the properties, of ferrous metal, other than cast Iron, and conform to generally accepted standards. Fire es- capes shall be maintained free of encumbe ranees

o Access to fire escapes shall be through openable un-obstriicted doors, or windows conforming to

the requirements of windows for emergency exit In section Hl-210

.2b o In buildings more than three stories In height, fire escapes shall continue to the roof, except when

the slope of the roof exceeds 15 degrees

o The lowest balcony shall be pro- vided with a drop ladder or coun- ter-balanced stair. If It Is more

than 5 feet above the ground.

(Hl-210. 7)

F-6

(No specific requirement)
HUD 4940 4, MINIMUM

STANDARD HOUSING CODE, BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

1979 EDITION CODE, 1978 EDITION FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

(SBCCI) (BOCA) (BOCA) FEB. 1978

(No specific requirement) o A1 1 required fire escapes shall be (No specific requirement) (No specific requirement)

maintained In working condition and structurally sound, (PH-701.4)

F-7
SUBJECT MATTER

MEANS OF EGRESS/EXITS (Cont.)

APHA CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE, HOUSING CODE,

1975 REV. 1974

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION (ICBOj

3. Exit Signs/lllumlnatlon In multiple dwellings - exits, In- cluding vestibules, stairways, passageways, corridors, and hallways,, but excl«idlng fire escapes, shall be lighted with natural or electric light at all times, so as

to afford safe passage. Electric

light shall conform to the following:

1-

A sufficient number of fixtures

shall be provided so that the distance between fixtures Is not more than 30 feet and so that no wall Is more than 15 feet from a

f 1 xture.

2-

Incandescent lighting - not less

than 1/^ watt per square foot of floor area, except that each

fixture shall have a lamp or lamps with a total of not less

than 25 watts.

3-

Fluorescent lighting - not less

than 1/10 watt per square foot of floor area, except that each fixture shall have a lamp or

lamps of a total of not less

than 15 watts.

4-

W1iere under these formulas the calculated wattage does not correspond to that of a stan- dard lamp, the next larger size

shall be used. (Hl-210.5)

F-8

(No specific requirement)
HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARD HDUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION

(SBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCA)

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

(No specific requirement) o All exit sIrhs shnil be maintained

Illuminated and visible . (PM-701 , 5)

1

(No specific requirement) (No specific requirement)

F-9
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K,"

'

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Appendix G

LIGHT AND ILLUMINATION

((

C-f
LIGHT AND ILLUMINATION

SUBJECT MATTER

APHA CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE

AND OCCUPANCY DRDINANCE,

1975 REV,

NEW YORK STATE MODEL

HDUSING CODE.

1974

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION |ICBO|

1 . Natural llftlit - In habitable rooms At least one window or skylight

facing outdoors,

Min. window area to be at least percent of floor area. No light-obstructing structures

closer tlian 3 ft. to required

window. (5.01)

10

At least one window, skylight,

transparent or translucent panel

facing directly on open space.

Min. window area to be at least 10 percent ,of floor area. Window area must be at least 6 Inches above adjoining finished

grade. (Hl-205.3a)

Specific criteria for open space

to permit required natural light

for liabltable space are given.

(111-205. 4)

By means of exterior glazed

openings.

Min. glazed area at least 10 percent of floor area. Min. glazed area of 10 sq. ft. Openings for natural light to open directly onto street, public alley, or a yard or court located on same lot as the building. (504 (a)(b))

- In kitchens/bathrooms o Same as habitable rooms but no window or skylight required In such

rooms If they are equipped with an approved ventilation system In working condition. (5.03)

o Natural light requirements do not apply to kitchens. (Hl-205.3a)

o Electric lighting of sufficient

intensity and distribution shall

be provided. (Hl-207.3a)

(No specific requirement)

C-2
STANDARD HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION

|SBCCI|

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

HUD 4940.4. MINIMUM

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES.

(BOCA) FEB. 1978

o At least one window or skylight

facing directly to the outdoors,

o Min. window area to be at least 8 percent of floor area,

o No light-obstructing structures

closer than 3 ft. to required window.

o For skylight-type windows required

min. area Is to he at least 15 pei

cent. (303.1)

o Bathrooms shall comply with the re- quirements for habitable rooms except that no window or skylight

shall be required In adequately

ventilated bathrooms equipped with

an approved ventilating system.

(303.3)

o At least one window of approved

size facing directly to the outdoors or to a court,

o Min. total window area to be at least 8 percent of floor area,

o No light-obstructing structures

closer than 3 ft. to required

window. (PM-A01.2)

i» Natural light requirement not manda- tory for kitchen.

o .Artificial light for kitchen may be provided In accordance with the building code. (PM-AOl . 2) (PM-401 . 2) o Other spaces shall be provided with

natural or artificial light of sufficient Intensity and so distributed to permit maintenance of sanitary conditions and safe use of

o Aggregate glazing area of at o least 8 percent of floor area,

o Glazed openings to open directly o onto street, or alley, or onto a yard or court located on same

lot as the building. (B.4.1) o

o Kitchens need not be provided o with natural lighting If artificial lighting Is provided. (B . 4 . 1) o

space. (PM-401.4)

G-.l

Natural light provided by windows,

glazed doors, or skylights.

Min. glass area of at least 10 percent of the floor area for new

or remodeled rooms. (4-3/b)

Wiere .an Interior room without its own source of natural light Is ad- jacent to an outside room having

natural light, consideration should

be given to Its acceptance as a habitable room, calculated on the basis of the combined floor area

of the two rooms, where the sepa- rating wall between them has an opening either 6 ft. wide or Is 70 percent as wide as the Inside

room. (Guides ,4-12)

Kitchens shall have artificial

light provided. (4-3. b) (4-3. b) Bathrooms and toilet compartments

shall have artificial light provided. (4-3. c)
SUBJECT MATTER

LIGHT AND ILLUMINATION (Cont.)

APHA CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE, HOUSING CODE,

1975 REV, 1974

2. Artificial light

- Interior spaces Every habitable room shall contain

at least two separate wall type du- plex electric convenience outlets or one such duplex convenience outlet

and one supplied wall or celling

type electric light fixture. No du- plex outlet shall serve more than two fixtures or appliances . (j.OA .02) Every non-habltable room. Including water closet compartments, bathrooms, laundry rooms, furnace rooms, and public halls shall contain at least one (1) supplied celling or wall-type electric light fixture.

(5.04.0A)

Every public hall and stairway In every multiple dwelling sliall be adequately lighted by natural or artificial light at all times, so

as to provide In all parts thereof

at least ten (1) footcandles of light at the tread of floor level. Every public hall and Stairway In structures containing not more than

two (2) dwelling units may be sup- plied with conveniently located

light swltclies controlling an ade- quate lighting system which may be turned on when needed Instead of full-time lighting. (5.05)

Kitchenettes, bathrooms, and toilet rooms shall be provided with

electric llglit of sufficient In- tensity and so distributed as to permit the maintenance of sanitary

conditions, and the safe use of the space and the appliances,

equipment, and f Ixtures . (Hl-207 . 3a I Stairs shall be provided with

electric light to allow safe as- cent and desceqt . (111-207. 3d)

Laundry rooms, fufnace rooms, and similar non-habltable spaces shall be provided with electric light

appropriate for the Intended use of such rooms. (Hl-207. 3e) Garages within or accessory to multiple dwellings shall be provided with electric light appropriate for the Intended use of such spaces. (Hl-207. 3h)

In multiple dwellings - exits. In- cluding vestibules, stairways, passageways, corridors, and hallways, but excluding fire escapes,

shall be lighted with natural or electric light at all times, so as to afford safe passage. Elec- tric light shall conform to the following

1-A sufficient number of fixtures

shall be provided so that the distance between fixtures Is not more than 30 ft. and so that no wall Is more than 15 ft. from a fixture

r.-4

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION |ICB0)

o All public hallways, stairs, and other exltways shall be adequately lighted at all times In accordance with Section 3312(a) of the Uniform Building Code. (504 (d))
STANDARD HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION

(SBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1976 EDITION

(BOCA) ^

o Wlipre there Is electric service to the building structure, the following lighting fixtures shall he pro- vided :

Convenl ence Outlets

light

Fixtures

llnbT tnlil.e rooms 2 —

Bedrooms 2 1 Kitchens 3 1

Ila 11 s .bathrooms, laundry, furnace

rooms

1 (303.4)

o F.very common hall and Inside stairway In every building, other than one-famlly dwellings, shall be ade- quately lighted at all times with

an Illumination of at least one (1) foot candle Intensity at the floor

In the darkest portion of the nor- mally traveled stairs and passage-

(303.5)

o Every common hall and stairway In every building, other than onefamlly dwellings, shall be adequately lighted at all times with an Il- lumination of at least a sixty (60) watt light bulb. Such Illumination

shall be provided throughout the normally traveled stairs and pas- sageways. (PM-401.3)

o All other spaces sliall be provided

with natural or artificial light of sufficient Intensity and so distrib- uted as to permit the maintenance

of sanitary conditions, and the safe tise of the space and the appli- ances, equipment and fixtures. (PM-401.4)

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCA)

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

All habitable or occuplnble room,' and spaces shall be provided wltl artificial light by means of per- manent electrical flxtiires or convenience outlets. The distribution of flxt<ircs and/or outlets

shall be so as to provide satisfactory Illumination throughout

all rooms and spaces. (n.4.1)

Artificial light shall be provided

and so distributed as to assure

healtliful conditions and satisfactory Illumination In all rooms.

(4-3b)

Artificial light shall be provided

In kitchens, bathrooms and toilet

compartment.s , and all public

spares. (4-3b,c,d)
LIGHT AND ILLUMINATION (Cont.)

APHA-CDC RECOMMENDED

SUBJECT MATTER HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE, HOUSING CODE, UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1975 REV. 1974 1979 EDITION (ICBOj

2. Artificial llglit

-Interior spaces- (cont.)

- Exterior lighting (multiple

dwelling buildings)

(No specific requirement)

2-

Incandescent lighting - not less than 1/4 watt per sq. ft. of floor area, except that each fixture shall have a lamp or

lamps with a total of not less than 25 watts,

3-

Fluorescent lighting - not less

than 1/10 watt per sq. ft. of floor area, except that each

fixture shall have a lamp or lamps of a total of not less

than 15 watts.

4-

Where under these formulas the calculated wattage does not correspond to that of a standard

lamp, the next larger size shall

be used. (Hl-210,5a)

o Exterior artificial lighting shall be provided at night to Illuminate

facilities used by pedestrians.

Including walks, driveways, parking spaces, and entranceways to buildings

o Exterior artificial lighting shall

be of an approved type as to lo- cation and safety of Installation

o Exterior artificial lighting at or near front entranceways shall consist of at least one fixture with

a lamp or lamps having a cumulative wattage of at least 50 watts,

for a building with a frontage up

to 25 ft. Wliere the frontage Is in excess of 25 ft, at least two fix- tures with lamps having a cumulative wattage of at least 100 watts shall_be_prgylded^

(No specific requirement)
STANDARD HOUSING CODE.

HUD 4940.4. MINIMUM

STANDARD HOUSING CODE.

(SBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE. 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCA)

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES.

FEB. 1978

(No specirir refiul remen t) (No specific requirement)

>1

(No specific requirement) (No specific requirement)

C-7
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Appendix H

VENTILATION REQUIREMENTS
VENTILATION REQUIREMENTS

SUBJECT MATTER

APHA-COC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE, HOUSING CODE, UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1975 REV. 1974 1979 EDITION |ICBO|

] . Habitable Rooms o Every habitable room shall have at o least one (1) window or skylight

facing directly outdoors wlilch can

be opened easily, or such other de- vice as will ventilate the room ade- quately, provided that if connected

to a room or area used seasonally

then adequate ventilation must be possible througli this Inter-connection. The total of openable window

or skylight area In every habitable

room shall be equal to at least forty-five (^5) percent of the mini- mum window area size or minimum skylight type window size, as required

In subsection 5.01 of this ordinance

except where there Is supplied some other device affording adequate o ventilation and approved by the appropriate autliorlty, (5.02)

) When facilities for Interior climate

control (heating, cooling, and/or

humidity) are Integral functions of structures containing dwelling units

or rooming units, such facilities

shall be maintained and operated In

a contlnuoiis manner and in accordance with the designed capacity of

the installed equipment. During In- stances when the Integral equipment

is Inoperative because of power or mechanical failure, alternative pro- visions for fresh air ventilation of each dwelling or rooming unit sliall be provided. (5.02.01)

Habitable space, exclusive of kitchen, shall have natural ventilation provided by means of openable

parts of windows or other openings

in exterior walls that face directly on open space, or through openable parts of skylights. Such open- able parts shall have a total clear ventilation area equal to not less than 5 percent of the floor area of the habitable space.

In computing the total clear ven- tilation area, only openable parts

of windows or other openings, 6 Inches or more above the adjoining

finished grade shall be Included

In such calculation. (Hl-205.3c)

Habitable space may also be pro- vided with mechanical ventilation

In addition to natural ventilation

but not In substitution thereof,

except: kitchens may be provided

with natural ventilation, conforming with paragraph c of this section, or with mechanical ventilation exhausting not less than 150 cfm. (Hl-205.3d)

o All guest rooms, dormitories and habitable rooms within a dwelling

unit shall be provided with nat- ural ventilation by means of openable exterior openings with an area of not less than one-twentieth of the floor area of such rooms with a minimum of 5 square

feet. (504 (a))

o In lieu of required exterior openings for natural ventilation, a mechanical ventilation system may be provided. Such system shall be capable of providing two air

changes per hour In all guest

rooms, dormitories, liabltable rooms and In public corridors.

One-fifth of the air supply shall be taken from the outside.

(504 (c))

II-2
VENTlIJVTtON REQUIREMENTS (cont.)

STANDARD HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION

(SBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCAI

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

o Every habltahle room shall have at least one window or skylight facing

directly to the outdoors. The mini- mum total window area, measured between stops, for every habltahle

room shall be eight (8) percent of the floor area of such room. (303.1)

o Whenever the only window In a room

Is a skylight-type window In the top of such room, the total window

area of such skylight shall equal

at least fifteen (15) percent of

the total floor area of such room.

(303.1)

o Every habitable room shall have at least one window or skylight wlilch can be easily opened, or stich other

device as will adequately ventilate

the room. The total of openable

window area In every habltahle room

shall equal to at least forty-five

(45) percent of the minimum window

area size or minimum skylight-type

window size, as required, or shall have other approved, equivalent

ventilation. (303.2a)

o Year round mechanically ventilating

conditioned air systems may be sub- stituted for windows, as required

herein, in rooms other than rooms

used for sleeping purposes. Window type alr-condl t lonlng units are

not Included in this exception.

(303.26)

o All spaces or rooms shall be pro- vided sufficient natural or mechanical ventilation so as not to en- danger health and safety. Wliere mechanical ventilation Is provided

In lieu of the natural ventilation,

such mechanical ventilating system

shall be maintained In operation

dtirlng the occupancy of any structure or portion thereof (PM-402.1)

o Every habitable room shall have at least one (1) window which can be easily opened or such other device

as will adequately ventilate the

room. The total openable window area

In every room shall be equal to at least forty-five percent (45%) of

the minimum window area size re- quired In Section PM-401.2.

' (PM-402.2)

o Natural ventilation of habitable

rooms: Windows, doors or other

approved means of natural ventilation shall be provided for all habitable rooms or spaces. An area of ventilating opening of

five (5) percent of the floor area of the room or space shall

be provided, except that rooms or spaces provided with adequate

mechanical ventilation as re- quired by these guidelines need

not be provided with natural ven- tilation . o Meclianlcal ventilation of habitable rooms: Mechanical ventilation may be provided In lieu of, or may supplement, natural ven- tilation for habitable rooms or spaces as shown In the following

Table;

MECHANICAL VENTILATION OF HABITABLE

ROOMS

Function

of Space

Minimum

Air Changes

per hour

Maximum

Recirculation

Living 2 80% Sleeping 2 80% Cooking 3 Not permitted

Dining 2 80%

(8. 4. la)

o An acceptable means of natural ven- tilation shall exist or be provided

for all habitable spares, except

that for kitchens a mechanical ven- tilation system may be substituted.

A ventilation area of 5 percent of the floor area of the space shall

be provided. (4-3b (3))

Ventilation of kitchens shall be provided by either mechanical ventl

latlon, or If by natural means -

5 percent of floor area but not les than 3 sq. ft. area. (4-3b (5))

1 1-3
SUBJECT MATTER

APHA-CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE,

1975 REV.

Bathrooms, Non-habltable Rooms o Every bathroom and water closet com- partment, and non-habltable room used

for food preparation, shall comply

with the light and ventilation re- quirement for habitable rooms contained In subsection 5.01 and 5.02,

except that no window or skylight shall be required In such rooms If they are equipped with a ventilation

system In working condition, which Is approved by the appropriate authority

(5.03)

NEW YORK STATE MODEL

HOUSING CODE,

1974

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION (ICBO|

In one- and two-family dwellings - kitchenettes, bathrooms, and toilet rooms shall be provided with

ventilation In accordance with

either of the following:

-Natural ventilation by openings

wlilch comply with the require- ments of section Hl-205.3c, except that minimum openings sliall be 3 square feet for kitchenettes

and 1-1/2 square feet for bathrooms and toilet rooms; or -Mechanical ventilation exhausting

not less than 150 cfm for kitchenettes, and not less than 25 cfm for bathrooms and toilet

rooms. (Hl-207.3b)

In multiple dwellings - kitchenettes, bathrooms, and toilet rooms

shall be provided with ventilation

In accordance with either of the following:

-Natural ventilation by openings

which comply with the requirements of section 111-205. 3c, ex- cept that minimum openings shall

be 3 square feet for kitchenettes

and bathrooms and toilet rooms designed for private use, and 1 square foot per water closet or urinal, or 3 square feet, whichever Is greater, for bathrooms

and toilet rooms designed for public use; or -Mechanical ventilation exhausting

not less than 150 cfm for kitchenettes, 25 cfm for bathrooms

and toilet rooms designed for private use, and 40 cfm, per water closet or urinal, for bathrooms and toilet rooms designed

for public use. (111-207. 3c)

o All bathrooms, water closet com- partments, laundry rooms and similar rooms shall be provided

with natural ventilation by means

of openablc exterior openings with

an area not leas than one-twentieth of the floor area of such rooms with a minimum of 1-1/2 square feet. (504 (a)) o In bathrooms, water closet com- partments, laundry rooms and similar rooms a mechanical ven- tilation system connected directly

to the outside, capable of pro- viding five .sir changes per hour, shall be provided. (504 (c))

” For the purpose of determining

light and vcnllatlon requirements, any room may be considered as a portion of an adjoining room when one-half of the area of the common wall Is open

and unobstructed and provides an opening of not less than one-tenth

of tlie floor area of tlie Interior room or 25 square feet, whichever

Is greater. (504 (b))

11-4
STANDARD HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION

(SBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

|BOCA| FEB. 1978

o Every bathroom shall comply with

the light and ventilation require- ments for habitable rooms except

that no window or skylight shall

be required In adequately ventilated bathrooms equipped with an approved ventilating system. (303. 3)

o Every bathroom and water closet com- partment shall comply with the light and ventilation requirements for habitable rooms as required by Section rH-/i01.2 except that a window

shall not be required In bathrooms

or water closet compartments equipped with an approved mechanical

ventilation system. (PM-402.3)

o Occuplable rooms: Occuplable

rooms or spaces shall be provided

with mechanical ventilation as shown In the following Table. Exception: Natural ventilation as described above may be used In lieu of mechanical ventilation

MECHANICAL VENTILATION OF OCCUPIABLE

ROOMS

Minimum

Room or Air Changes Maximum

Space per hour Recirculation

Bathroom

and toilet com- partment

Utility

5 Not permitted

Rooms 2 80%

(B.4.1b)

H-5

o Interior Room . Wliere an Interior

room without Its own source of natural llp.ht and ventilation Is adjacent to an outside room having

both, consideration should be given

to Its acceptance as a habitable

room, calculated on the basis of

the combined floor area of the two rooms, where the separating wall be- tween them has an opening either

6 ft. wide or Is 70 percent as wide

as the Inside room. (Culdes, 4-12a)

o Ventilation of Bathrooms In small buildings Is sometimes accomplished

by a gravity-type vent equipped with

a wind-driven roof ventilator above

the roof level. (Culdes, 4-12b)
VENTILATION REQUIREMENTS (Cont.)

SUBJECT MATTER

APHA CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE, HOUSING CODE. UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1975 REV. 1974 1979 EDITION (ICBOj

3. Open Space/OrlRln of Light and Ventilation

(No specific requirement) o Open space shall be of sufficient

area, to permit required natural

llglit and ventilation for habitable space . (Hl-205.4a)

o Windows, panels, and openings re- quired to provide natural light or ventilation shall face directly on open space conforming to the fol- lowing:

1-Wliere such open space Is bounded

on two sides by walls, wftli two

open ends, and the vertical dimension of the lower wall is 30 feet or less, the horizontal di- mension between walls shall be

at least 8 feet. For each foot that the vertical dimension of

the lower wall exceeds 30 feet,

the horizontal dimension between

walls, above the 30 foot level, shall be Increased by at least

3 Inches. Vertical dimension

shall be measured from the floor

level of the story containing

required windows, panels, or openings to the top of the lower

wall. Horizontal dimension shall

he measured, at the same floor

level , from the wall containing

such wlndfiws, panels, or openings to the facing wall

11-6

Required exterior openings for natural light and ventilation

shall open directly onto a street or public alley or a yard

or court located on the same lot

as the building

Exception: Required windows may open Into a roofed porch where the porch

1-

Abuts a street, yard, or court; and

2-

Has a celling height of not less

than 7 feet; and

3-

Has the longer side at least 65 percent open and unobstructed

A required window In a service

room may open Into a vent shaft which Is open and unobstructed to the sky and not less than A feet

In least dimension. No vent shaft shall extend through more than two Stories. (50A (b)
STANDARD HDUSING CDDE,

1979 EDITIDN

ISBCCIj

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

|BOCA|

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

o Whenever the walls or other portions of structures face a window

of any such room and such llghtoh.structlon strtictures are located

leas than three (1) feet from the window and extend to a level above

that of the celling of the room, such a window shall not he deemed

to face directly to the outdoors

and shall not he Included as con- tributing to the required minimum

total window area. (303.1)

An open space when used for the or! gin of light and ventilation shall

be maintained unobstructed.

(PM-AOO.A)

(No specific requirement) (No specific requirement)

H-7
VENTILATION REQUIREMENTS (Cont.)

SUBJECT MATTER

APHA-CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE,

1975 REV.

NEW YORK STATE MODEL

HOUSING CODE,

1974

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION (ICBO)

3. Open Space/OrlRln of Light and Ventilation - (cont.)

2-

Wliere such open space Is bounded

on three sides by walls, In ad- dition to the requirements of subparagraph (1), the horizontal

dimension from the open end of

the open space to the wall op- posite the open end shall not ex ceed 4 times the horizontal dimension between the facing walls

3-

Wliere such open space Is bounded

on four sides by walls, In ad- dition to the requirements of subparagraph (1), the horizontal

dimension between any two facing

walls shall not exceed 2 times the horizontal dimension between

the other two facing walls. (Hl-205.46)

Ventilation of Other Building

Space

(No specific requirement) Public spaces shall be provided

with either natural ventilation,

conforming to the requirements

for habitable space, or with mechanical ventilation conforming to the requirements of table Hl-512.7e, (111-206. 2c)

Spaces In multiple dwellings which

contain central heat productlng

equipment. Incinerator, or air

conditioning equipment, shall be ventilated directly to the outer

air. (111-207. 3f) Shower rooms, locker rooms, dressing rooms, and laundry rooms shall be provided with either natural

ventilation, conforming to the

U-8
STANDARD HDUSIN6 CODE,

1979 EDITIDN

ISBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

|BOCA)

HUD 4910.4, MINIMUM

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

(BOCA) FEB. 1978

(No sperlflc rpqiilrenient) (No specific requirement) Natural ventilation of spaces suci as attics, underfloor areas and crawl spaces shall he provided as required to overcome dampness and

to minimize the effect of conditions conducive to decay and de- terioration of the structure.

(B.4.1)

Public Entrance Spaces . Provide

either natural ventilation of at least 5 percent of floor area or mechanical ventilation. (/i-le) Ventilation of Utility Spaces . Utility spaces which contain heat producing, air conditioning and other equipment shall be ventilated

to the outer air, and air from such spaces shall not be recirculated to other parts of the building. (4-3f)

Ventilation of Structural Spaces . Natural ventilation of spaces such

as attics and enclosed basementless

spaces shall be provided by openings

of sufficient sizes to overcome

dampness and minimize the effect of 11-9
VENTILATION REQUIREMENTS (Cont.)

SUBJECT MATTER

4 . Ventilation of Other Building

Space - (cont.)

NEW YORK STATE MODEL

HOUSING CODE,

1974

requirements for habitable space,

or with mechanical ventilation con- forming to the requirements of tabfe Hl-512.7e. (111-207. 3g) o Garage areas above graile. In excess of 1000 square feet, and all garage areas below grade shall be provided with mechanical ventilation, In conformity with table

111-512. 7e. (111-207.31)

o In multiple dwellings - stairways, passageways, corridors, and hall- ways shall be provided with ven- tilation In accordance with either

of the following:

-Natural ventilation obtained by means of openings to the outer

air, or by means of ducts con- nected to wind or gravity operated ventilators; or -Mechanical ventilation conforming

to the requirements of table

111-512. 7e. (111-210. 5b)

(Table 111-512 . 7e follows on next page)

APHA CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE,

1975 REV.

11-10

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION |ICB0)
STANDARD HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION

ISBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

IBOCA)

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCA)

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

conditions conducive to decay and deterioration of the structure, and

to prevent excessive heat In attics. Exterior ventilation openings shall be effectively screened where needed-

(4-3r)

o Public Hallways and Unenclosed

Stairways should be provided with

either natural ventilation (at least 5 percent of floor area) or mechanical ventilation. Enclosed

public corridors should be ventilated mechanically. (Guides , 4-l?c)

IM1
VENTILATION REQUIREMENTS (Cont.)

SUBJECT MATTER

APHA-CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE

AND DCCUPANCY ORDINANCE,

1975 REV.

NEW YDRK STATE MDDEL

HOUSING CODE,

1974

Table Hl-512. MECHANICAL VENTILATION

7eREQUIREMENTS

} Minimum

Space Ventilation

Shower rooms, locker 6 air changes

rooms, dressing rooms per hour

Recreation rooms 2 air changes per hour

Lounges, reception 4 air changes rooms, dining rooms, meeting rooms per hour

Workshops, service 1 air change

rooms, paint storage

rooms, utility service

rooms

per hour

Laundry rooms 2 air change: per hour

Central kitchens 4 air change: per hour

Central dining rooms

Carage areas:

4 air change: per hour

above grade exceeding 4 air change: 1000 sq. ft. per hour

below grade

Passageways, hallways,

corridors and stair6 air change: per hour

ways; above grade 1/2 air chang<

below grade per hour

1 air cliange per hour

Ventilation of Other Building

Space - (cont .

)

11-12

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITIDN |ICB0|
HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARD HOUSING CODE. BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

1979 EDITION CODE. i976 EDITION FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

(SBCCI) (BOCAI (BOCA) FEB. 1978

IM3
VENTILATION REQUIREMENTS (Cont.)

APHA CDC RECOMMENDED

SUBJECT MATTER HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE. HOUSING CODE,

1975 REV. 1974

5. Other Ventilation

Restrictions

Requirements/ (No specific requi remen t) o Ventilating systems sliall be in- stalled and maintained so that the rapid spread of heat, flame, or

smoke through the system will be prevented

o Shafts, other than those designed

for ventilating purposes, stairways, passageways, exits, hoistways, or attics shall not be used

as plenum chambers

o Ducts shall be securely fastened

in place and appropriately fire- stopped

o Ducts and other air handling

equipment shall be of noncombustlble material

o Filters shall be Installed and maintained so as not to constitute

a fire or smoke hazard

o Ducts passing through or located within combustible construction

shall be separated from such con- struction by a clearance of at least 1/2 Inch or by a noncombustl

ble Insulating material at least

1/4 Inch thick

o Ducts passing through fire walls

shall be equipped with a fire

damper or shutter on each side of

the fire wall. Ducts passing

through other fire separations

shall be equipped with a single

fire damper or shutter

o Air required for ventilation shall

be taken from the exterior or shall be quality-controlled, In- cluding an amount of exterior air

equal to not less than one air

change per hour.ll-ld

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE.

1979 EDITION |ICB0)

(No specific requirement)
STANDARD HDUSiNG CODE

1979 EDITION

ISBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

(No sped f Ic retjulrement) o Cooking stiall not be permitted In any sleeping room or dormitory unit, and a cooking facility or appliance

shall not be permitted to be present

In a sleeping room or dormitory

unit. (PM-402.^)

o Where any process permits and where

Injurious, toxic, Irritating or noxious fumes, gases, dusts, or mists are generated by said process,

a local exhaust ventilation shall be provided to remove the contaminating

agent at the source so that It Is not allowed to permeate the general

atmosphere of the workroom,

(PM-402.5)

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

(BOCA) FEB. 1978

(No specific requirement) o Mechanical Ventilation and Air Conditioning. Where mechanical ven- tilation Is required In rooms or other spaces, the equipment or system shall operate satisfactorily If presently In place, of if new, shall be designed and Installed to good

engineering practice. (9-3) o Exhaust Air should not be circulated

from one living unit to another, ex- cept where the air circulation system Is already Installed and where

it is considered this system will

cause no adverse effect on the mar- ketability of the property,

o The Volume of Air removed from a living unit by exhatist ventilation

shotild be replaced by at least an equal amount of fresh air which is filtered and tempered,

o Wlien Mechanical Ventilation Is Pro- vided in lieu of through or cross ventilation, 4 to 6 changes per hour

of supply or exhaust air should be provided for the living unit

b In Walk-Un Multifamily Buildings,

tenant-operated ventilating fans

shoijld be Installed only when they

exhatist directly to the outdoors. When a central exhaust system Is used, the occupant should not be provided with a means for disturbing

the air flow.

o Installation. The Installation of a ventilating system should be In compliance with NFPA No. 90A for multifamily or NFPA No. 90B for

11-15
VENTILATION REQUIREMENTS (Cont.)

SUBJECT MATTER

APHA-CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE,

1975 REV.

NEW YORK STATE MODEL

HOUSING CODE,

1974

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION (ICBO)

5. Other Ventilation Requirements/

Restrictions - (cont.)

o Exhaust air from a dwelling unit, or a space whose contents may emit

odors, fumes, or vapors, shall not be circulated to another dwelling

unit or to other spaces within the building. (111-512.5)

IM6
HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARD HDUSING CODE, BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

1979 EDITION CODE, 1978 EDITION FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

(SBCCI) (BOCA) (BOCA) FEB. 1978
. ;-yo mmum > 0^9^ ovH

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Appendix I MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS
MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS

SUBJECT MATTER

APHA-CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE,

1975 REV.

NEW YORK STATE MODEL

HOUSING CODE,

1974

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION (ICBOj

Heating and Cooking Facilities

- Minimum thermal requirements to be maintained

- Installation and clearances

o At least 68" F at a distance 36 In. above floor level under ordinary

winter conditions In all habitable

rooms, bathrooms and water closet compartments. (6.01)

o Every dwelling shall have heating

equipment and appurtenances whlcli are properly installed, and are maintained In safe and good working

condition. (6.01)

o All heating devices shall be con- structed, Installed, and operated in such a manner as to minimize acci- dental burns. (6.02)

o An indoor temperature of 70°F.

,

measured at a distance of 3 feet and more from exterior walls, and

at a level of 5 feet above the

floor. (Specific heating periods

by founty are given based on an- nual heating degree days). Temper

atures to be maintained in habitable spaces, kitchenettes, toilet

rooms, and bathrooms as follows:

1-

From 6:00 a.m. to 11:00 p.m., not less than 70°F. when the outside

temperature falls below 55°F

2-

From 11:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m., not less than 55“ F when the outside

temperature falls below 40“F. (Hl-506.1)

o Wliere heat producing or cooking

equipment Is Installed on, or ad- jacent to, combustible materials,

the location. Insulation, clearance, and the control of the equip

ment shall be such that the temper ature on the surface of the com- bustible materials will not exceed

175“F. (Hl-506.6)

o Fuel-burning equipment shall be permanently fastened and connected

In place. Fuel supply connection

to such equipment shall be made with pipe or tuhlng of solid metal

or approved appliance connector.

(111-506.5)

o Buildings Intended for residential occupancy shall be prov ded with

heating equipment, of an approved

fixed type. (Hl-506.1)

o Every dwelling unit and guest room

shall be provided with heating

facilities capable of maintaining

a room temperature of 70°F at a point 3 feet above the floor in all habitable rooms. (701 (a))

o Facilities shall be Installed and maintained In a safe condition and

In accordance with Chapter 37 of

the Building Code, tlie Mechanical

Code and all other applicable laws

o All heating devices or appliances

shall be of an approved type.

(701 (a))

1-2
STANDARD HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION

(SBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCA)

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

o Heating facilities for adequately ' o heating all habitable rooms, and bathrooms In every duelling unit

to a temperature of at least 70”?

at a distance 3 feet above floor

level, under ordinary winter conditions. (302.5)

o All cooking and heating equipment o and facilities shall be Installed In accordance with the building, me- chanical, gas or electrical code and shall be maintained In a safe and good working condition. (302.6)

Facilities capable of maintaining o

a room temperature of 65”F at a point 3 feet above the floor and

3 feet from an exterior wall In all habitable rooms, bathrooms and

toilet rooms. (PM-601.1)

All cooking and heating equipment, o components, and accessories In every heating, cooking, and water heating

device shall be maintained free from leaks and obstructions, and

kept functioning properly so as to be free from fire, health, and accl- o dent hazards. All Installations and repairs shall be made' In accordance

with the provisions of the building

code, or other laws or ordinances

applicable thereto. (PM-601.3)

All required clearances to combustible materials shall be maintained, o (PM-601.A.2)

Assure Interior comfort by pro- I o vldlng a minimum Inside temperature as required by the applicable code or ordinance. (B. 8. 3)

o

Heating facilities which are pro- perly Installed, connected and maintained shall be provided for each dwelling unit and for the common spaces and utility spaces

of the building.

Existing non-conforming system

components or devices may, with

the approval of the administrative authority, continue In use

if there Is evidence of satisfactory performance, safety and adequate capacity. New heating equipment and systems

shall be designed and Installed

In accordance wltli the require- ments of the heating code or other applicable code or ordinance.

o

o

Capable of maintaining a tempei

ature of at least 70"F within the living units, corridors, public

spaces and utility spaces when the outside temperature Is at the de- sign temperature

In housing for elderly, Inside de- sign temperature shall be not less than 75"F. (9-Ab)

Heatings Facilities shall be pro- vided for each living unit and other spaces that will:

1-

Assure Interior comfort;

2-

Be safe and convenient to operate ,

3-

Be economical In performance, and A-Be quiet In operation and free from objectionable drafts. (9-Aa)

Api^roprlate Clearances around all room or space heaters shall be provided, and the floor shall be protected In an acceptable manner.

(For gas - NFPA Standard No. 54, 54A; for oil - NFPA Standard No. 31-65.) (9-4e)

1-3
SUBJECT MATTER

MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS (Cont.)

APHA CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE, HOUSING CODE,

1975 REV. 1974

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION |ICBO)

1. Heating and Cooking Facilities (cont

- Installation and clearances (cont.

- Prohibited equipment/fuels No owner or occupant shall Install,

operate or use a heating device. In- cluding hot water heating units,

wlilch employs the combustion of car- bonaceous fuel, whlcli Is not vented

to the outside of the structure In ar approved manner, and wlilch la not supplied with sufficient air to con- tinuously support the combustion of

the fuel. (6.02)

o Portable heating equipment using

kerosene or other flammable liquids

shall be prohibited,

o Unvented fuel-burning apace heaters

shall be prolilbited.

o Fuel-burning heat producing equipment shall not be located in exits

o Fuel-burning water heaters shall

not be located In sleeping rooms, bathrooms, or toilet rooms.

(111-506.4)

o Gasoline shall be prohibited as fuel for heating and cooking.

(Hl-505)

o Unvented fuel-burning lieaters shall not be permitted .( 701 (a))
STANDARD HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION

(SBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 197B EDITION

(BOCA)

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCA)

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

o

o

linvented fuel-burning heaters shall

he prohibited, (302.5)

Portable cooking equipment employing

flame Is prohibited. (302.6)

o

o Space heaters shall conform to the requirements of the building

code, heating code or other ap- plicable code or ordinance for new Installations,

o Portions of (leatlng systems not specifically mentioned In this

section shall be deemed to meet

the Intent and reqiilrements of

this code If constructed and In- stalled In accord.ance with the applicable code and ordinance,

(B.8.3)

Portable cooking equipment employing

flame Is prohibited, except for ap- proved residential type food trays

or salvers which are heated by a candle or alcohol lamp, (PM-601.3)

(No specific requirement) o No Open-Flame Radiant Tvpe Space Heaters shall be permitted, except

for one and two family detached

dwellings only where It is locally

determined to be the predominant

method of providing heat for dwellings. (9-4c)

o linvented Space Heaters shall not be permitted except for existing equip- ment In geographic areas where the use of equipment of this kind is predominant, and only for one and

two family detached dwellings.

(9-/.d) J.

1-5
MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS (Cont.)

SUBJECT MATTER

APHA CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE,

1975 REV.

NEW YORK STATE MODEL

HOUSING CODE,

1974

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION |ICB0)

i. Heating and Cooking Facilities (cont)

- Safety controls

o Equipment capable of developing

hazardous pressures or temperatures sliall be provided with de- vices to relieve safely such pressures and temperatures,

o Controls for the safe operation of automatically operated heat pro- ducing equipment shall be provided

to function as follows:

Wlien failure or interruption of

flame or Ignition occurs, the fuel supply sliall be cut off.

Wlien a predetermined temperature

or pressure is exceeded, the input of additional heat shall be prevented or reduced to a safe

rate

.

Wlien the water level in a steam

boiler drops below a predetermined level, the fuel supply

shall be cut off.

Wlien failure or interruption of pilot light or main burner of liquified petroleum gas equipment

occurs, the fuel supply to each

pilot light and main burner shall

be cut off.

o Fuel-burning space heaters located

in bathrooms or toilet rooms less than 100 square feet in area, or

in sleeping rooms, shall be provided with controls to cut off the fuel supply upon the failure or interruption of the flame or Ignition, or whenever a predetermined temperature or pressure is exceeded. (111-506.9)

(No specific requirement)
HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARD HOUSING CODE,

f979 EDITION

jSBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCA)

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

(No specific requirement) o All safety controls for f uel-burnlnp,

equipment shall he maintained In ef- fective operation. (rM-601.4.3)

1

'

(No speciric requirement) (No Specific requirement)

1-7
MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS (Cont.)

SUBJECT MATTER

APHA-CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE.

1975 REV.

NEW YORK STATE MODEL

HOUSING CODE,

1974

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION |ICB0)

1. Heating and Cooking Facilities (cont)

- Combustion alt supply

(No specific requirement) o Fuel-burning heating equipment and

the enclosure In which it Is lo- cated shall be provided with a sup- ply of air adequate both, for complete’ combustion at the rated gross output of the equipment, and for

the ventilation of the enclosure,

o Rooms containing fuel-burning

equipment shall have such air sup- ply provided by one or more openings to the exterior, or by fixed

openings to Interior spaces which

open to the exterior, (Hl-506.<))

0 Ventilation for rooms and areas

for fuel-burning appliances shall be provided as required In the Mechanical Code and In this code.

(701 (c))

- Removal of products of combustion

(No specific reqtilrement)

j

o Equipment for burning solid or liquid fuel shall be connected to suitable chimneys or flues, and

sliall not be connected to gasvents

o Gas-fired equipment shall be con- nected to a suitable clilmney, flue, or gasvent. Wliere a gasvent Is used, a permanent sign stating the type of heating equipment which

may be connected to the gasvent

shall be provided, and located where the gasvent passes through

the wall or celling. (Hl-506.8)

(No specific requirement)

1-8
HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARD HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION

(SBCCII

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCA)

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

(No specific requlreinent) o A supply of air for complete com- bustion of tlie fuel and for ventilation of the space shall be pro- vided the fuel-burning equipment.

(PM-601.A./*)

(No specific reqiilrement) (No specific requirement)

(Ho specific requirement) o All fuel-burning equipment shall be connected to an approved chimney,

flue or vent. (PM-601.A.1)

( (

(No specific Requirement) (No specific requirement)

(

1-9
MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS (Cont.)

SUBJECT MATTER

2 . Mechanical Ventllatlon/Cllmate

Control

APHA CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE,

1975 REV.

NEW YORK STATE MODEL

HOUSING CODE,

1974

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE.

1979 EDITION |ICB0)

o Wlien facilities for Interior climate

control (heating, cooling, and/or

humidity) are Integral functions of structures containing dwelling units

or rooming units, such facilities

shall be maintained and operated In

a continuous manner and In accordance with the designed capacity of the Installed equipment. During In- stances when the Integral equipment

Is Inoperative because of power or mechanical failure, alternative pro- visions for fresh air ventilation of

eacli dwelling or rooming unit shall be provided. (5.02.01)

Contains Extensive Provisions

Hl-511 ’ Air Conditioning and 'Me- chanical Ventilation In One- and Two-Family Dwellings Hl-512 Air conditioning and Me- chanical Ventilation In Multiple Dwellings

Hl-512. 1 Refrigeration

ni-512.2 Refrigerants

111-512.3 Safety Controls

Hl-512. 4 Cooling Towers

Hl-512. 5 Mechanical Ventilating Sys- tems Hl-512. 6 Air Intake and Exhaust Openings

Hl-512. 7 Ventilation Requirements

Hl-512. 8 Safety Controls

o Ventilation for rooms and areas

and for fuel-burning appliances

shall be provided as required In the Mechanical Code and In this

code. Wliere mechanical ventilation Is provided In lieu of the natural ventilation required by

Section 504 of this code, such mechanical ventilating system

shall be maintained In operation

during the occupancy of any building or portion thereof (701 (c))

o In lieu of required exterior openings for natural ventilation, a mechanical ventilation system may be provided. Such system shall be capable of providing two air

changes per hour In all guest

rooms, dormitories, habitable

rooms and In public corridors.

One-fifth of the air supply shall be taken from the outside. In bathrooms, water closet compartments, laundry rooms and similar

rooms a mechanical ventilation

system connected directly to the outside, capable of providing five plr changes per hour, shall be provided. (504 (c))
STANDARD HOUSING CODE.

1979 EDITION

(SBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

Year round mechanically ventilating

conditioned air systems may be sub- stituted for windows, as required

herein. In rooms otlier than rooms used for sleeping purposes. Window

type alr-condlt lonlng units are not Included In this exception.

(303.2 (b))

o l-Hien facilities for Interior climate

control (heating, cooling, and/or

humidity) are Integral functions of structures used as dwelling units or other occupancies, such facilities

shall be maintained and operated in

a continuous manner In accordance

with the designed capacity.

(PM-601.6)

1 1

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCA)

o Existing systems of mpchsnlcal

ventilation may continue In use

If of adequate capacity, or they may he supplemented or replaced

with a new system If of Inade- quate capacity

o New mechanical ventilation and air-conditioning equipment and systems shall be designed and In- stalled In accordance with the requirements of tlie mechanical

code or otlier applicable code or ordinance. (B.8.4)

HUD 4910.4, MINIMUM

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

o Wliere mechanical ventilation Is re- quired In rooms or other spaces,

the equipment or system shall operate satisfactorily If presently In place, or If new, shall be designed

and installed to good engineering

practice. (9-31

o Exhaust Air should not be circulated from one living unit to an- other, except where the air circulation system Is already Installed,

and where It Is considered this system will cause no adverse effect

on the marketahl 1 ity of the property- o The Volume of Air removed from a living unit by exhaust ventilation

should be replaced by at least an equal amount of fresh air which Is filtered and tempered,

o Wlien Mechanical Ve ntilation is Pro- vided In lieu of tlirough or cross ventilation, 4 to 6 changes per hour of supply or exhaust air should be provided for the living

unit. o In Walk-Up Multifamlly Buildings , tenant-operated ventilating fans

slululd be Installed only wlien they exhaust directly to the outdoors.

Wlien a central exhaust system Is used, the occupant should not be provided with a means for disturbing the air flow.

o Installa tion. The Installation of a

' ventilating system should he In compliance wltli NFPA No. 90A for Ml
MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS (Cont.)

APHA CDC RECOMMENDED

SUBJECT MATTER HOUSING MAINTENANCE

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE,

1975 REV.

NEW YORK STATE MODEL

HOUSING CODE,

1974

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION (ICBO)

2. Mechanical VenCllatlon/Cllmate

Control - (cont.l

)

1

1-12
HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARD HOUSING CODE.

1979 EDITION

ISBCCIf

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCA)

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

multlfamlly or NFf'A No. 90n for single family dwellings,

o Where Summer Air Conditioning Is to be Included, whether a central systern or packaged room or zonal air conditioners, the provisions of Sections 515-A and 615-4, 4900.1 - Minimum Property Standards, should

be followed. (Guides, 9-10)

(

1-13
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Appendix J

ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS

(

.1-1
ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS

SUBJECT MATTER

1. Availability of Electrical Service

2. Service Supply Capacity

APHA-CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE.

1975 REV,

Wliere there la usable electric ser- vice available from power lines which are not more than three hundred (300) feet away from a dwelling, every dwelling unit and all public and common areas shall be supplied with electric service.

(5.0^)

o Every dwelling unit shall be sup piled with at least one (1) 15 ampere circuit and such circuit

shall not be shared with another

dwelling unit. (5.0A.01)

NEW YORK STATE MODEL

HOUSING CODE.

1974

o Electrical system shall be properly In^italled, connected to an approved source of supply, and maintained free of hazards.

(Hl-509.1a)

A dwelling unit shall be supplied

with at least one 15-ampere lighting branch circuit for each multi- ple of AOO sq. ft. of floor area, or fraction thereof. (Hl-509.2a)

Hotel units, lodging units, and dormitory units shall be supplied

with at least one 15-ampere lighting branch circuit for each multi

pie of 600 sq. ft. of cumulative

floor area, or fraction thereof. (Hl-509.2b)

J-2

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION (ICBO)

o Wliere there Is electrical power available within 300 feet of the premises of any building,

such building shall be connected

to such electrical power. (701 (b))

(No specific requirement)
STANDARD HDUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION

(SBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCA)

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

o Where there Is electric service

available to the biilldlnR structure... (303.4)

o Wliere there Is electric service

available to a structure...

(rM-602 . 1 )

All habitable or occnplable rooms

and spaces shall be provided with

artificial light by means of perm

anent electrical fixtures or con- convenience outlets. (B.4.1)

All habitable rooms and other appro- priate spaces requiring electrical

service shall be provided with a system of wiring, wiring devices and equipment to safely supply electrical

energy for proper Illumination, ap- pliances, resident security, and other electrical equipment. (9-7a)

(No specific requirement) (No specific requirement) o Habitable rooms, occnplable rooms utility spaces and common spaces normally requiring electrical ser vice shall be provided with a system of wiring, wiring devices,

fixtures and equipment to safely

siipply electrical energy for pro- per Illumination, appliances and other electrical equipment.

(B.8.2)

o For new electrical work tlie appro- priate provisions of the National

Electrical Code shall be used as a guide for design layout and Installation. Not less than two general

lighting circuits (15 amp.) and one appliance circuit (20 amp.) shall be

provided for each living unit. Heavy

duty equipment shall liave Individual

branch circuits, as required by tl)e National Electrical Code. (9-7c)

1-3
SUBJECT MATTER

ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS (Cont.)

APHA-CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE.

1975 REV,

NEW YORK STATE MODEL

HOUSING CODE.

1974

3. Installation o Every dwelling unit and all public

and common areas shall be supplied

wltli electric service, outlets, and fixtures which shall be properly In- stalled, shall be maintained In good

and safe working condition, and shall be connected to a source of electric power In a manner pre- scribed by the ordinances, rules

and regulations of the (name of Corporate Unit). (5.04)

o Temporary wiring or extension cords

shall not be used as permanent

wiring. (5.04.03)

o All electric lights and outlets In bathrooms shall be controlled by

switclies which are of such design

as sliall minimize the danger of electric shock, and such lights and outlets shall be Installed and maintained In such condition as to minimize the danger of electrical

shock. (5.04.05)

o Electrical system shall be prop- erly Installed, connected to an approved source of supply, and maintained free of hazards,

o Electrical wiring and equipment

shall be firmly secured to the surface on which It 1s mounted,

o Electrical wiring and equipment In damp or wet locations, or exposed

to explosive or flammable gases, or excessive temperatures, shall

be of an approved type for the purpose and location,

o Electrical wiring and equipment

shall be protected against excessive current by approved, properly

rated overcurrent protection devices. Overcurrent protection de- vices, of ratings higher than the ampacities of tlie conductors to be protected, shall not be used, ex- cept where expressly permitted by

generally accepted standards. Where a circuit has been overfused, the Edlson-base plug fuse shall be replaced with a Type S plug fuse, of the proper rating,

with a suitable fuse adapter,

o Electrical service equipment and overcurrent protection devices

shall be Installed In a readily

accessible location, and access to such location shall be kept unob

St ructed

.

o Electrical equipment shall be grounded, or otherwise protected

by Insulation, Isolation, or guarding.

1-4

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE.

1979 EDITION (ICBO)

o All electrical equipment, wiring

and appliances shall be Installed

and maintained in a safe manner In accordance wltb all applicable

laws. All electrical equipment

shall be of an approved type. (701 (b))
STANDARD HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION

(SBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

Every electrlcnl outlet and fix- ture required by this code shall be installed, maintained and con- nected to a source of electric power In accordance with the pro- visions of the electrical code of the authority having Jurisdiction.

(304)

o All electrical equipment, wiring,

and appliances shall be Installed

and maintained In a safe manner In accordance with all applicable laws

All electrical equipment shall be

of an approved type. (PM-602.2)

«

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

(BOCAj FEB. 1978

o The electrical system shall be connected to the source of electrical power Insofar as Is practical, In accordance with the electrical code.

o New electrical systems, equipment, fittings and devices shall

be Installed in accordance with

the electrical code,

o The electrical system, eqiilpment and facilities In dwelling units shall conform to the requirements

of the applicable code or ordinance. (B.8.2)

o For new electrical work the appro- priate provisions of the National

Electrical Code shall be used as a guide for design layout and Installation. (9-7c)
ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS (Cont.)

SUBJECT MATTER

APHA-CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE, HOUSING CODE, UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1975 REV, 1974 1979 EDITION (ICBOj

3. Tnstal latlon (cont.) o Parts of electrical equipment,

which In ordinary operation pro- duce ^rcs or sparks, sliall be en- closed, unless separated and Iso- lated from combustible material . o Flexible cord shall not be: run through holes In walls, ceilings,

or floors; or run through doorways, windows, or similar openings; or attaclied to building

surfaces; or concealed behind

building walls, or above ceilings,

or under floors or floor coverlnga

(Hl-509.1)

J-6
STANDARD HDUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION

(SBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCA)

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

.f-7
ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS (Cont.)

SUBJECT MATTER

APHA-CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE.

1975 REV,

NEW YORK STATE MODEL

HOUSING CODE,

1974

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION (ICB0|

l\. Existing Stystems, Equipment and (No specific requirement) (No specific requirement) (No specific requirement)

Wiring

(

)

'

J-8

1
HUD 4940.4. MINIMUM

STANDARD HDUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION

(SBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCA)

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

(No spertflc requirement) o WJiere it Is Found, In the opinion

of the code official, that the electrical system In a strticture constitutes a hazard to the occupants or the structure by reason

of inadequate service, Improper

fusinp, insufficient outlets, im- proper wlrlnR or installation, de- terioration or damage, or For similar reasons, he shall require

tlie defects to he corrected to eliminate the hazard. (PM-602.3)

o Existing electrical, heating,

mechanical, ventilation and airconditioning, and plumbing equipment and systems that do not provide the services for which they were originally intended, or that are potential fire or liealth liazards, shall be replaced, al- tered or repaired, so as to make them safe and serviceable . (B. 8 . 1) o Existing wiring which conformed

to applicable laws In effect at the time of installation and which has been maintained In good

condition, which is not being

altered or extended, and is being

used In a safe manner, may continue In use. Existing electrical

systems which are of Inadequate

capacity shall be replaced with a new system or shall be supple- mented with new wiring and equipment as necessary to meet the reqtilrements of these guidelines.

(8.8.2)

o Existing wiring and electrical equipment where Its continued service Is contemplated shall not be a potential

source of electrical hazard or Igni- tion of combustible materials, and shall be so determined by the proper

authority. Wljerever these potential

hazards are determined to be present,

replacement of existing wiring and equipment shall be made. Existing

facilities that are inadequate to meet anticipated demands shall be appropriately increased. (9-7b)

.f-9
ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS (Cont.)

SUBJECT MATTER

APHA CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE,

1975 REV,

NEW YORK STATE MODEL

HOUSING CODE,

1974

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION |ICBO|

5. Hlnimum Electrical Outleta/Llglitlng

Fixtures

o Every habitable room shall contain

at least two separate wall type du- plex electric convenience outlets or one such duplex convenience outlet

and one supplied wall or ceiling

type electric light fixture. No du- plex outlet shall serve more than

two fixtures or appliances, (5 . 04 . 02)

o Every non-habltable room. Including water closet compartments, bathrooms, laundry rooms, furnace rooms, and public halls shall contain at least one (1) supplied celling or wall-type electric light fixture,

(5.04.04)

o

o

o

Habitable spaces, except kitchens,

shall be provided with at least one receptacle outlet for each

multiple, of 20 feet, or fraction

thereof, or the total distance

around the room, measured horizontally along the wall at the floor line. An electric light outlet and fixture may be substituted

for only one receptable outlet.

Kltcl\ens and kitchenettes shall be provided with at least two receptacle outlets served by at least one 15-ampere small appliance

branch circuit. In addition, one electric light outlet and fixture shall be provided.

Bathrooms, toilet rooms, and laun- dry rooms shall be provided with

at least one electric light outlet

and fixture, and one receptacle

outlet. Furnace rooms, storage

rooms, work shops, and similar

service rooms shall be provided

with at least one electric light outlet and fixture. Light switches or other devices,

for controlling lights which Il- luminate entrances, shall be pro- vided at points of entrance to dwelling units, liotel units,

lodging units, and dormitory units

(Hl-509.2)

o Every habitable room shall contain

at least two supp] led electric con- venience outlets or one such con- venience outlet and one supplied

electric light fixture. Every water

closet compartment, bathroom, laun- dry room, furnace room and public

hallway shall contain at least one supplied electric llglit fixture.

(701 (b))

J-IO
STANDARD HOUSING CODE.

1979 EDITION

(SBCCi)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

|BOCA|

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCAI

HUD 4940.4. MINIMUM

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

Every habltnMe room or space

shall contain at least two (2) separate and remote convenience

outlets and bedrooms shall have,

in addition, at least one (1) wall switch controlled celling or wall type light fixture. In kitchens,

three (3) separate and remote con venience outlets shall be provided, and a wall or celling type

light fixture controlled by a wall switch shall be required. Every

hall, water closet compartment,

bathroom, laundry room or furnace

room shall contain at least one

(1) electric fixture. In bathrooms the electric light fixture

sliall be controlled by a wall

switch, in addition to the electric light fixture In every bathroom and laundry room, there shall be provided at least one (1) con- venience outlet. (303.4)

Every habitable room of a dwelling

unit, and every guest room, shall contain at least two (2) separate

and remote outlets, one (1) of

whlcli may be a celling or wall type

electric light fixture. In a kitchen, tliree (3) separate and remote

wall type electric convenience outlets or two (2) such convenience

outlets and one (1) celling or wall

type electric light fixture shall

be provided. Every public liall , water closet compartment, bathroom,

laundry room or furnace room sliall contain at leant one (1) electric

light fixture. In addition to the electric light fixture In every bathroom and laundry room, there

shall he provided at least one (1) electric outlet. (rH-602.1)

The distribution of fixtures and/

or outlets shall be so as to provide satisfactory 11 1 timlnatlon

througlioiit all rooms and spaces.

(B.4.1)

•Ml

o All habitable rooms and other appro- priate spaces requiring electrical

service sliall be provided with a system of wiring, wiring devices and equipment to safely supply electrical

energy for proper 11 luininat Ion

appliances, resident security, and other electrical equipment. (9-7a)
SUBJECT MATTER

6. Emergency Lighting - Exits, Public

Space, Stairways In Multiple

Dwellings

ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS (Cont.)

APIU COC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE, HOUSING CDDE, UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1975 REV, 1974 ~ 1979 EDITION (ICBOj

(No specific requirement) o Exits In multiple dwellings shall

be provided with exit' and directional signs, visible from the approach to the exits, except that such signs shall not be required '' In at^ apartment house, or In those portions of a multiple dwelling

where exit from dwelling units, hotel units, lodging units, or dormitory units Is directly to tlie outside.

o Directional signs shall be pro- vided at locations from which the exit doorway Is not readily discernible . 6 Signs shall be worded In plainly

legible block letters with the word EXIT for exit signs and the words TO EXIT with a suitable

pointer or arrow Indicating the direction of exit, for directional

signs.

o Any door, passageway, stair, or other means of communication that

Is not an exit, or that is not a way to an exit, but Is so located

as to be mistaken for an exit, shall be identified wltli a sign

reading NOT AN EXIT, or identified

by a sign Indicating Its use or purpose, or provided with a directional sign.

o Letters for signs shall be conspicuous, readily discernible, and

at least 8 Inches high, except

that for Internally illuminated

signs the height of such letters

be at least ^ 1/2 Inches.

(No specific requirement)

J-12
STANDARD HDUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION

(SBCCII

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

o Every common li.ill and Inside stairway In every building, other than one-family dwellings, sliall be ade- quately llglited at all times with an Illumination of at leant one (1) foot candle Intensity at the floor In the darkest protlon of the normally

traveled stairs and passageway.

(No specific requirement)

(303.5)

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCA)

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 197B

(No specific requirement) I o Emergency lighting shall be pro- vided for exits, stairs, corri- dors and elevators wlilch shall be supplied by an alternate suparate

service, an automatic emergency

generator or battery with automatic switch. (9-7f)

.F-13
ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS (Cont.)

SUBJECT MATTER

APHA-CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE

AND DCCUPANCY DRDINANCE,

1975 REV,

NEW YORK STATE MODEL

HOUSING CODE,

1974

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

'1979 EDITION (ICBO)

6. Emergency Lighting - Exits, Public

Space, Stairways In Multiple

Dwellings

o Signs shall be Illuminated either

externally or internally be electric lights, and be kept Illuminated at; all times when the bulldln

Is occupied. Such electric llgh£s

shall be supplied wltli current

from a separate circuit, or circuits which supply no other outlets. (Hl-509.3)

7. Communication and Alarm Systems In Multiple Dwellings(No specific requirement) (No specific requirement) (No specific requirement)

8. Special Requirements In Housing

for the Elderly or Handicapped

(No specific requirement)

(

(No specific requirement)

J-14

(No specific requlremnnt)
STANDARD HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION

(SBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

|BOCA|

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

(BOCA) FEB. 1978

{

.f-l5

o In iimltlfamlly projects, where con- sidered hy local authorities to he clearly needed, adequate security measures for the protection of resi- dents against crime shall he provided.

I9=Ze1_

o In housing for elderly a duplex

outlet to receive a night light shall he provided between a bed location and the batliroom In each living unit. (9-7g)

o In projects containing 20 or more

living units, each bathroom and one

bed location In each bedroom shall be furnished with one of the followIrlg emergency call systems: an emergency call system which registers a call (annunciator and alarm)

at one or more central supervised

locations, an Intercommunicating

telephone system connected to a switchboard which Is monitored 24 hours a day, an emergency call systfm

which sounds alarm (not fire alarm)

In the Immediate corridor and auto matlcally actuates a visual signal
ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS (Cont.)

APHA CDC RECOMMENDED

SUBJECT MATTER HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE, HOUSING CODE, UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

f 975 REV. 1974 ~ 1979 EDITION (ICBO)

8 .

9.

S pecial Requirements In Housing

for the Elderly or Handicapped

(cont .

)

Overhead Conductors o Overhead electrical conductors,

rated 600 volts or less, shall clear on-premlses areas as follows

:

Location Clearance

Above streets, driveways, parking spaces,

and other use areas where motor vehicles

are permitted 18 feet

Above areas accessible

to pedestrians only • 10 feet

Above buildings and structures 8 feet

Horizontal clearance

from any window, door,

porch, balcony, or other similar point of access 6 feet

Horizontal clearance

from the periphery of any swimming pool 15 feet

o Metal fences, enclosures, or railings wlch enclose a swimming

pool, and whlcli could become energized through accidental contact with overhead electrical con doctors, shall be properly

grounded (Hl-509.4)

J-16
STANDARD HOUSING CODE.

1979 EDITION

jSBCCII

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE. 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

HUD 4940.4. MINIMUM

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES STANDARDS FDR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES.

iBOCAi FEB. 1978

In tlie corridor at the living unit entrance and unlocks the living

unit door. (9-7e)

(No specific requirement) (No specific requirement) (No specific requirement) (No specific requirement)

.1-17
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"A "i'
Appendix K

PLUMBING REQUIREMENTS
PLUMBING REQUIREMENTS

SUBJECT MATTER

APHA-CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE, HOUSING CODE. UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1975 REV. 1974 1979 EDITION (ICBO)

1. Water Supply and Distribution o Kitchen sink, lavatory sink, flush water closet, and a bathtub or

sliower properly connected to a water

supply system which la approved by

the appropriate authority and which

provides at all times an adequate

amount of heated and unheated run- nine water under pressure.

(4.01.01, 4.02, 4.03 & 4.04)

o Potable water from an approved

source shall be available at all

times. The domestic water supply

system of the building shall be

conntected to such approved source, shall not be subject to contamination, and shall not be connected

to unsafe water supplies.

o The source of water supply for a one- or two-famlly dwelling shall

be a public water supply system,

when such system Is within 100 ft. of the premises on whlcfi the building Is located, measured

along a street, alley, or right of way, and a connection may lawfully

be made tliereto • o The source of water supply for a multiple dwelling shall be a public water supply system, wlien such system Is within 500 ft of the premises on which the building is located, measured along a street,

alley, or right of way, and a con- nection may lawfully be made thereto

.

o Water supply systems shall be In- stalled and maintained to provide

at all times a supply of water to plumbing fixtures, devices, and appurtenances In sufficient volume and at pressures adequate to enable them to function satisfactorily. (Hl-502.2)

K-2

o All plumbing fixtures shall be connected to an approved system

of water supply and provided with

hot and cold running water necessary for Its normal operation.

(505 (d))
STANDARD HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION

(SBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCA)

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

T

riiimhlng fixtures to be properly

connected to an approved water

system. (302.1)

Every dwelling unit shall have con- nected to the kitchen sink, lavatory, and tub or shower an adequate

supply of both cold water and hot

water. All water shall be supplied

through an approved distribution

system connected to a potable water

snppiy. (302.3)

o Every sink, lavatory, bathtub or shower, drinking fountain, water

closet or other facility shall be properly connected to either a public water system or to an approved

private water system. All sinks,

lavatories, bathtubs and showers

shall be supplied with hot and cold running water. (PM-50A.1)

o The water supply shall be maintains'

free from contamination and all water Inlets for plumbing fixtures

shall be located above the overflow

rim of the fixture. (PM-50A.2)

o Tlie water supply systems shall be Installed and maintained to provide

at all times a stipply of water

to plumbing fixtures, devices, and appurtenances In sufficient volume

and at pressures adequate to enable them to function satisfactorily.

(PM-50A.3)

o Provide plumbing facilities for each dwelling unit with satisfactory hot and cold water supply

and distribution. (B.8.5)

o The building water supply distribution system shall be connected

to an approved public or private water supply system. (B.3.5)

The plumbing system and Its ap- purtenances for each building shall provide satisfactory water supply.

(9-5 (a))

K-3
PLUMBING REQUIREMENTS (Cont.)

SUBJECT MATTER

APHA CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE,

1975 REV,

NEW YORK STATE MODEL

HOUSING CODE,

1974

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION (ICBO)

2 . Sewage Drainage System o Kitchen sink, lavatory sink, flush water closet and a bathtub or shower connected to a sewer system approved

by the appropriate authority.

(4.01.01, 4.02, 4.03 & 4.04)

o Plumbing fixtures sliall drain to sewagp system connected to a public sewer or approved system of sewage disposal.

o Tlie means of sewage disposal for a One- or two-famlly dwelling shall

be a public sanitary or combined

sewer system, when It la within

100 ft. of the premises on which

the building Is located, measured

along a street, alley, or right of way, and a connection may lawfully

be made thereto.

o The means of sewage disposal for

a multiple dwelling shall be a public sanitary or combined sewer

system, when It Is within 500 ft. of the premises on which the building Is located, measured

along a street, alley, or right of way, and a connection may lawfully

be made thereto , o No sewage from a plumbing system

shall be discharged Into the waters of the State of New York

(as defined In State law), unless specifically approved by the auth- ority having Jurisdiction, under

and In accordance with State law, o Adequate cleanouts shall be pro- vided and maintained so that the pipes may be readily cleaned.

(111-502.3)

K-4

o All plumbing fixtures shall be connected to a sanitary sewer or

to an approved private sewage disposal system^ (505 (d))
STANDARD HDUSING CDDE,

1979 EDITION

(SBCCI)

o riumblng Flxttires to be properly con nerted to nn approved sewer system.

(302.11

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

o Rvery sink, lavatory, bathtub or shower, drinking fountain, water

closet or other facility shall be properly connected to either a public sewer system or to an approved

private sewage disposal system.

(PM-505.1)

o Rvery plumbing stack, waste and sewer line shall be so installed and maintained an to function properly

and shall be kept free from obstructions, leaks and defects to prevent

structural deterioration or health

hazards. Ml repairs and installations shall be made in accordance

with the provisions of the building

code or plumbing code. (PM-505.2)

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCAI

o Provide plumbing facilities for each dwelling unit with satisfactory sanitary drainage and venting of sanitary drainage

system. (B. 8 . 5 ) o The building sanitary drainage

shall be connected to an approved

public or private sanitary sewer

system. (B.3.5)

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB 1978

o Tlie plumbing system and Its ap- purtenances for each building shall provide satisfactory drainaRe and venting of fixtures. ( 9-5 (a))
PLUMBING REQUIREMENTS (Cont.)

SUBJECT MATTER

APHA-CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE,

1975 REV.

NEW YORK STATE MODEL

HOUSING CODE.

1974

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION |ICBO|

3. Water lleatlriR, Storage and Distribution

Provide at all times an adequate

amount of heated running water under pressure, (4.01.01 & 4.03)

"Heated water" Is defined as water heated to a temperature of not less than 120‘’F at the outlet. (2.26)

In one- and two-family dwellings,

not wholly owner occupied, and in all bultlple dwellings - hot water

shall be furnished within a temp- erature range of 130°F to 140'’F from 6:00 a.m. to midnight.

(Hl-502,5 (b)) Hot water supply systems shall be

provided with safety devices designed to relieve hazardous pressures and excessive temperatures.

(Hl-502.2 (e))

K 6

An approved system of water sup- ply provided with hot running water necessary for normal oper- ation. (505 (d)) "Hot water" is defined as liot water supplied to plumbing fix- tures at a temperature of not

less than 110°F. (401)
STANDARD HOUSING CODE

1979 EDITION

(SBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

IBOCA)

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

(BOCA) FEB 1978

o Fsvery dwelling slinll li.nve w.Tter

lip.Ttlng facilities whirh are properly Installed and maintained In a safe and good working condition and

are capable of heating water to stich a temperature ns to permit an ade- quate amount of water to he drawn

at every required kitchen sink,

lavatory basin, hathttib or shower

at a temperattire of not less than

l?n"F. Minimum storage capacity of

the water heater shall he thirty

(10) gallons. Such water heating

facilities shall he capable of meeting the requirements of this

suh-sectlon wlien the dwelling or dwelling unit heating facilities re- quired under the provisions of this ordinance are not In operation.

(302. «)

o Wliere hot water Is provided, water o heating facilities shall he In- stalled In an approved manner, properly maintained, and properly con- nected with hot water lines to the fixtures required to be supplied

with hot water. Water heating

facilities shall he capable of heating water to such a temperature as

to permit an adequate amount of water to be drawn at every required

kitchen sink, lavatory basin, bathtub, shower, and laundry facility

or other similar units, at a temp- erature of not less than one hundred

and twenty (120) degrees F.

(FM-50/i./i)

Provide

nected

supply

properly Installed, con-^ and maintained hot water

and distribution system.

(B.8.5)

o Each b^illdlng and living unit within the building shall have domestic hot water In quantities suf- ficient for the needs of the occupants,

o Existing water heating and storage

equipment shall he In good serviceable condition, or otherwise re- placement of the equipment shall be considered by the proper authority,

o No water heater shall be Installed

In any room used or designed to he

tised for sleeping purposes. No gas or oll-flred water heater shall he located In a bathroom clothes

closet, under any stairway, or In a confined space with access only to

the above locations,

o All fuel burning water heaters shall

be connected to a vent leading to the exterior. (9-fi) o Storage capacity should be not less

than 30 gallons for gas or oll-flred water heaters and 52 gallons for electric water heaters except that electric water heaters restricted

by "off peak" control limitations

would have a minimum capacity of

66 gallons (above capacities for one- and two-family dwellings)

(Ouldes

,

K-7

9-13)
PLUMBING REQUIREMENTS (Cent.)

SUBJECT MATTER

APHA-COC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE,

1975 REV.

NEW YORK STATE MODEL

HOUSING CODE,

1974

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION |ICBO|

4 . Minimum Fad lit les/PlunJ) tiiR Fixtures

o Every dwelling shall liave a room equipped with a kitchen sink In good

working condition and properly connected. (4.01.01)

o Within every dwelling unit there shall be a non-liabltabl e room whlcli affords privacy to a person within

said room and which Is equipped with

a flush water closet In good working

condition. Said flush water closet

shall be equipped with easily cleanable surfaces and be properly con- nected. (4.02)

o Within every dwelling unit there shall be a lavatory sink. Said lavatory sink may be In the same room

as the flush water closet, or, If located In another room, the lavatory sink shall be located In close proximity to the door leading directly Into the room In which said water closet Is located. The lavatory sink shall be In good working

condition and properly connected.

' (A. 03)

o Within every dwelling unit there shall be a room which affords privacy to a person within said room

and which Is equipped with a bathtub

or shower In good working condition.

Said bathtub or shower may he In the same rooms as the flush water closet

or In anotlier room and shall be properly connected. (4.04)

o Buildings and structures shall be provided with plumbing systems deslgn.ed to dispose of the sewage

from all fixtures and to furnish cold water to every water closet

and urinal, and hot and cold water

to every sink, lavatory, bathtub,

and shower, required tliereln. o There shall be provided within

each dwelling unit, plumbing fix- tures consisting of at least: -One kitchen sink,

-One water closet,

-One bathtub or shower, and -One lavatory (111-502. 2)

o Every dwelling unit shall be pro- vided with a bathroom equipped

with facilities consisting of a water closet, lavatory, and either a bathtub or shower.

(505 (a))

o Every dwelling unit shall be pro- vided with a kitchen. Every kit- chen shall be provided with a kitchen sink. Wooden sinks or sinks of similarly absorbent ma- terial shall not be permitted.

(505 (c))

K-8
STANDARD HDUSIN6 CDDE

f979 EDITIDN

(SBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

Every dwelllnR unit sliall contain

not less than a kitchen sink, lavatory, tub or shower, and a water

closet all In good working condition

and properly connected to an approved water and sewer system,

(302.1)

o Every dwelling unit shall Include

Its own plumbing facilities which

are In proper operating condition,

can be used In privacy, and are adequate for personal cleanliness

and the disposal of human waste.

(PM-501.1)

o Every dwelling unit shall contain

within Its walls, a room separate

from habitable rooms, which affords

privacy and a water closet supplied

with cold rimnlng water. The lavatory may be placed In the same room

as the water closet, or. If located

In another room, the lavatory shall be located In close proximity to the door leading directly Into the room

In which said water closet Is lo- cated. The lavatory shall be sup- plied with hot and cold running

water. (PM-501.1.1)

o Every dwelling unit shall contain a room which affords privacy to a person In said room and'Wilch Is equipped with a bathtub or shower

supplied with hot and cold running

water. (PM-501.1. 2) o Every dwelling unit shall contain a kitchen sink apart from the lava- tory required tinder Section

M-501.1.1 and be stioplled with hot

and cold running water. (PM- 501. 1. 3)

1

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCA)

o Each dwelling unit shall be pro- vided with kitchen or kitchenette space which contains a sink

with counter work space and has

hot and cold running water, and

has provisions for Installation

of cooking and refrigeration

equipment, and for storing kitchen utensils.

o Bathroom facilities shall Incltide the following.

1-

Water closet: Each dwelling

unit shall contain a water

closet supplied with running water In an enclosed area not

less than thirty (30) Inches

In width and not less than eighteen (IS) Inches clear

space In front of the water

closet therein .

2-

Bathlng: Each dwelling unit shall contain a bathtub or shower with a supply of hot

and cold running water, and In

a bathroom separate from the habitable rooms.

3-

Lavatory: Each dwelling unit shall contain a lavatory with

a supply of hot and cold running water. The lavatory

shall be located In the same room as the water closet, or Immediately adjacent thereto.

(B.4.1)

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

o Each living tinlt shall have a spe- cific kitchen space, which contains

a sink with counter work space and

has hot and cold running water.

(A-2 (e))

o Complete bathing and sanitary facilities shall be provided within each living unit; they shall consist of

a water closet, a tub or shower, and

a lavatory. Provide an adequate supply of hot water to the tub or shower stall and lavatory, and cold water to all fixtures. Arrangement

of fixtures shall provide for the comfortable use of each fixture and permit at least a 90 degree door

swing. Wall space shall be available

for a mirror or medicine cabinet and towel bars.

o Additional requirements for housing

for the elderly:

a-Bathtubs shall be at least 5 ft. long and shall be provided with at least two grab-bars.

b-A stall shower with a seat and grab-bars may be provided In lieu of a bathtub.

c-Tub or shower bottom surfaces

shlill be slip resistant

d-Grab-bars shall be Installed to sustain a dead weight of 250 pounds for 5 mlntites. e-Flxtures In bathrooms of at least

10 percent of the living tinlts of each type (other than types con- taining more than one floor within

the living unit) shall be arranged.

K-9

litlfiiiiHI'
SUBJECT MATTER

PLUMBING REQUIREMENTS (Cont.)

APHA-COC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YDRK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE,

1975 REV. HOUSING CODE,1974

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION |ICBO|

A . Mlnumum Facllltlea/Pliunblng

Fixtures (cont.)

5. Installation/Maintenance

Requirements

Every plumbing fixture and all water

and waste pipes shall be properly

Installed and maintained In good

sanitary working condition. (7.09)

Every water closet compartment,

bathroom and kitchen floor surface

shall be constructed and maintained

so as to be reasonably Impervious to water and so as to permit such floor

to be easily kept In a clean and sanitary condition. (7.10)

Every plumbing fixture and pipe, and every other facility, piece of equipment, or utility wlilch Is present In a dwelling or dwelling unit,

or wlilch Is required under this ordinance, shall be constructed and In- stalled In conformance with the ap- propriate statutes, ordinances and regulations. (7.11)

o Plumbing systems shall be maintained In good, safe, sanitary,

and serviceable condition.

(H1-5C2.1)

o Plumbing fixtures shall be made of smooth nonabsorbent material, and

free from concealed fouling surfaces . o Plumbing fixtures shall be spaced

to be readily accessible for their Intended use,

o Plumbing fixtures shall be located

In spaces that are accessible,

lighted, and ventilated (Hl-502.6)

All plumbing fixtures shall be of an approved glazed earthenware

type or of a similarly nonabsorbent material. (505 (d)) All sanitary facilities shall be Installed and maintained In safe

and sanitary condition and In accordance with all applicable

laws. (505 (g))

K-IO
STANDARD HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION

(SBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCA)

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

o Every plumbing fixture and water and waste pipe shall be properly In- stalled and maintained In good sanitary working condition, free from defects, leaks, and obstructions.

(302.1)

o All plumbing fixtures shall be maintained In a safe and useable

condition. All plumbing flxttires shall be of approved non-absorbent

material. . (PM-503.1)

o Water supply lines, plumbing fix- tures, vents and drains sitall be

properly Installed, connected and maintained In working order and shall be kept free from obstruc-* tlons, leaks and defects and capa- ble of performing the function for which they are designed. All re- pairs and Installations shall be

made In accordance with the pro- visions of the building code or plumbing code, (PM-503.2)

o All plumbing facilities shall be maintained In a clean and sanitary

condition by the occupant so as not

to breed Insects and rodents or produce dangerous or offensive

gases or odors. (PM-503.3)

o Plumbing facilities which are properly Installed, connected and maintained shall be provided for each dwelling unit, and as necessary for tlie common or utility

spaces of the building, to pro- vide satisfactory:

-Hot and cold water supply and distribution,

-Sanitary drainage,

-Venting of sanitary drainage

system,

-Operation of fixtures,

o Existing plumbing systems, or portions thereof. Including

sewers, to remain In use shall operate free 6f fouling and clogging, and shall not have cross connections which may permit con- tamination of the water supply or back-slphonage between fixtures

o New plumbing systems or alterations and additions to plumbing

and space provided to permit ac- cess and use by a person in a wheelchair. Tn all such bathrooms,

the entire length of at least one

side of the tub shall be accessible to the bather. A stall shower.

It provided, shall be equipped

with a non-scald valve, sliall be

at least 4 ft. sq., without curbs, and with handrails and access In accordance with ANSI A117.1. The lavatory shall comply with ANSI

A117.1. (4-2 (f))

o Plumbing systems Including building

sewers shall operate free of foul- ing and clogging, and not have cross connections which permit contamination of water supply or back-slphonage between fixtures. (9-5 (c)) o For additions or changes made to present plumbing, and for new In- stallations the provisions of 4910

.1 MPS for Multi-family Housing

should be used as a guide, and plumbing equipment and materials

should comply with and be installed

In accordance with local and state

cod^s or with the model code having

lurlsdlctlon In the area. (Guides, 9-12)

K-n
PLUMBING REQUIREMENTS (Cont.)

SUBJECT MATTER

APHA-CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE.

1975 REV.

NEW YORK STATE MODEL

HOUSING CODE,

1974

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION |ICB0|

5. InsCaXlaClon/Malntenance

Requirements (cont.)

)

6. Water Conservation (No specific requirement) (No specific requirement) (No specific requirement)

7. Prohibited Uses (No specific requirement) o Privies are prohibited on residential premises. (Hl-502.5 (h))

(No specific requirement)

8. Water Supply Tanks (No specific requirement)

(

K-12

o Water supply tanks shall be maintained watertight, vermlnproof,

and resistant to corrosion,

o Supports for tanks shall be of non- combustible construction,

o Tanks and their supports sliall not

be used to support equipment or structures other than for tank use, except where specially designed

for such other use.

o Means for emptying water supply

tanks shall be maintained In proper working condition,

o Potable water supply tanks for do- mestic supply and standpipe or automatic sprinkler systems shall be maintained to furnish water In sufficient quantity and p||'es^^rg

(No specific requirement)
HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARD HOUSING CODE.

1979 EDITION

(SBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

IBOCA)

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCAI

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

o Pltimblng fixtures shall be installed

as to permit easy access for cleaning both the fixture ami the area

about It. (PM-503.4)

systems shall be Installed In ac- cordance with tlie requirements of

the plumbing code* ' (B.8.5)

(No specific reqiilrenient) 0 Plumbing fixtures which are replaced

shall be of water saving construction and use as may be required by

local energy and plumbing codes. (PH-503.5)

(No specific requirement) (No specific requirement)

(No specific requirement) o Toilet rooms and bathrooms shall not be used as a passageway to a ball or other space, or to the exterior. A toilet room or bathroom In a dwelling unit shall be accessible from

any sleeping room without passing

throtigh another sleeping room.

(PM-503.2)

(No specific requirement) (No specific requirement)

(No specific requirement) (No specific requlreiuent)

( {

(No specific requirement) (No specific requirement)

1

K-13
SUBJECT MATTER

PLUMBING REQUIREMENTS (Cont.)

APHA CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE. HDUSING CODE,

1975 REV, 1974

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION (ICBOj

9 . Storm PralnaRe System o Unless other provisions are made,

gutters, leaders and down-spouts

shall be provided and maintained In good working condition as to provide proper drainage of storm water.

(7.04)

o An approved system of storm water

disposal shall be provided for the safe and efficient drainage of roofs and paved areas, yards and

courts,' and other open areas on the premises

.

o The means for storm water disposal

for a one- or two-famlly dwelling

shall be a public storm or combined sewer system, when It Is within 100 feet of the premises on which the building Is located, measured along

a street, alley, or right-of-way,

and a connection may lawfully be made thereto.

o The means for storm water disposal

for a multiple dwelling shall be a public storm or combined sewer sys

tern, when It Is within 500 feet of

tlie premises on which the building

la located, measured along a street, alley, or right-of-way, and

a connection may lawfully be made

thereto

.

o No storm water shall be drained

Into sewers Intended for sewage

only, nor be dlscliarged onto public

sidewalks. (Hl-502.4)

K-14

(No specific requirement)
STANDARD HOUSING CODE

1979 EDITION

(SBCCII

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCAj

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

(No specific reqiilrcnient) o An approved system of storm water

disposal shall he provided and maintained for the safe and efficient drainage of roofs and paved

areas, yards and courts, and other

open areas on the premises,

(PM-506.0)

o Provision shall be made for roof o drainage as required by appli- cable code or ordinance. (B.7.1)

Each dwelling shall have a controlled method of disposal of water from roofs where necessary

to prevent damage to the property,

and to avoid causing unsightly

staining of walls and windows

where adequate roof overhangs are not provided, (8-3)

I

K-I5
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;;. .^..,.7: ..WW M
Appendix L HEALTH AND SANITATION
HEALTH AND SANITATION

SUBJECT MATTER

APHA COC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE, HOUSING CODE,

1975 REV. 1974

1 . Disposal of Trash, Garbage and Refuse

o Every occupant of a dwelling or dwelling unit shall store and dis- pose of all his rubbish In a clean,

sanitary and safe manner. (3.04)

o Every occupant of a dwelling or dwelling unit shall store and dispose of all his garbage, refuse, and any other organic waste which might

provide food for Insects and/or

rodents In a clean, sanitary, safe

manner. All garbage cans and refuse containers shall be rat-proof. In- sect-proof, watertight, structurally strong to withstand handling

stress, easily filled, emptied and cleaned; shall be provided with

tlght-f Ittlng covers or similar clo- sures; and shall be maintained at all times In a clean sanitary condition. Plastic bags may be used as garbage and refuse container liners,

but shall not be used without the container for on-slte storage of garbage or refuse. (3.05)

o Garbage and refuse cans In storage

areas shall be placed on concrete

slabs or on fixed platforms which

are at least eighteen (18) Inches above the ground, or on a mobile or movable platform. (3.05.01)

o Bulk storage containers which are used for the storage of garbage, ref- use and/or other putresclble waste

shall be placed on concrete platforms which are constructed to minimize spillage onto the adjacent

areas and shall be equipped with

o Adequate sanitary facilities and methods shall be used for the collection, storage, handling, and disposal of garbage and refuse. Storagp containers shall be of an approved flame-resistant waterproof type.

o The accumulation or storage of gar- bage or refuse In public halls or stairways shall be prohibited.

(Hl-605)

o Refrigerators, and similar equipment with locking mechanisms,

shall not be discarded, abandoned,

or stored on premises accessible

to children, without first removing the locking devices or the hinges of the doors

.

o Junked vehicles, equipment, and materials shall not be stored In open areas of premises. (Hl-606)

L-2

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION (ICBOj

o Inadequate sanitation shall In- clude lack of adequate garbage

and rubbish storage and removal facilities as determined by the health officer. (1001 (b)) (Definition of "Substandard

Building")
STANDARD HDUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION

(SBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

o Every tenant of a dwelling or dwell

Ing unit shall dispose of all his garbage and any other organic wastt which might provide food for ro- dents and all rubbish in a clean

and sanitary manner by placing It

In the garbage disposal facilities

or garbage or rubbish storage containers.

(307.3)

o It shall be unlawful for the owner

or occupant of a residential building, structure, or property to utilize tlie premises oE such residential property for the open storage of any abandoned motor vehicle.

Ice box, refrigerator, stove, glass

building material, building rubbish

or similar Items. It shall be the duty and responsibility of every

such owner or occupant to keep the premises of such residential prop- erty clean and to remove from the premises all such abandoned Items

as listed above. Including but not limited to weeds, dead trees, trash

garbage, etc., upon notice from the Mousing Official. (307.4)

o Every occupant of a structure or part thereof shall dispose of all his rubbish In a clean and sanitary manner hy placing It In rubbish con- tainers equipped with tight fitting covers as required by this code. (PH-801.2)

o Every occupant of a structure or part thereof shall dispose of his

garbage In a clean and sanitary manner by placing It In garbage

disposal facilities, or If such facilities are not available, by

removing all non-burnable matter

and securely wrapping such garbage

and placing It In tight garbage

storage containers as required by

this code, or by such other disposal

method ns may be required by applicable laws or ordinances . (PM-801 . 3) o Every dwelling unit shall be sup- plied with an approved garbage disposal facility, which may be any adequate mechanical garbage disposal unit (meclianlcal sink grinder) , In each dwelling unlb; or an Incin- erator unit, to be approved by the building official. In tbe structure

for the use of the occupants of each dwelling unit, or an approved

outside garbage can or cans. Such facilities shall be sufficient to meet tlie needs of the occupants.

(PM-801. 4) o Every dwelling unit shall be supplied with approved containers and covers for storage of rubbish, and

CDDE ENFDRCEMENT GUIDELINES

FDR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATIDN

(BOCA)

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

(No specific requirements) o Every dwelling and multifamily

building shall be supplied with a means of disposal or removal of trash and garbage.

o Where disposal will not take place

promptly there shall be a convenient

and appropriate temporary and sanitary storage for trash and garbage

provided, which Is Inaccessible to rodents. (4-9) o Wliere a flue-fed Incinerator Is used for disposal of waste material,

hoppers should not open directly

Into a public corridor, but open

In a closet or room of not less than 20 sq. ft. In area, wlilch has

a self-closing door. (Guides, 4-17)
HEALTH AND SANITATION (Cont.)

SUBJECT MATTER

APHA COC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE,

1975 REV.

NEW YORK STATE MODEL

HOUSING CODE,

1974

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION |ICBO)

1 . Disposal of Trash, GarbaRe and Refuse (cont.)

2. Protection from Insects, Vermin , Rodents and Other Infestation

drains properly connected to an ap- proved sewer system. In the Immediate vicinity of the bulk storage con- tainer there shall be a water faucet

for use In cleaning each bulk storage container at the site of storage

or there shall be provided some other means approved by tlie appro- priate authority for the cleansing

of the container. All bulk storage

containers shall be equipped with

self-closing lids. (3.05.02)

o The total capacity of all provided

garbage and/or refuse cans and bulk storage containers shall be sufficient to meet the needs of the occupants of the dwelling^ (3.06)

o Every owner of a dwelling containing

three (3) or more dwelling units

shall supply facilities or refuse containers for the sanitary and safe storage and/or disposal of rubbish

and garbage. In the case of single

or two (2) family dwellings It shall

be the responsibility of each occupant to furnish such ‘ faclllt les or refuse containers. (3.07)

o The owner of a dwelling unit sliall be responsible for providing and hanging ail screens and double or storm doors and windows whenever the same are required under the provisions of this ordinance or any rule

or regulation adopted pursuant there

to, except wliere there is a written

o Grounds, buildings, and structures o shall be maintained free of In- sect, vermin, and rodent harborage

and infestation.

o Wliere rodent infestation exists,

windows and other openings in basements and cellars shall be screened to prevent entrance of rodents

I.-4

Inadequate sanitation shall in- clude Infestation of Insects,

vermin or rodents as determined

by the health off leer . (1001 (b)) (Definition of "Substandard

Building")
STANDARD HOUSING CODE.

1979 EDITION

(SBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCA)

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

limited to weeds, dead trees, trash, garbage, etc., upon notice

From the Housing Of f icial. (307. 4)

o

the owner, operator or agent in control of sucit dwelling shall be re- sponsible for the removal of such

rubbish. (PM-801.5)

Garbage or refuse shall not be allowed to accumulate or be stored In public halls or stairways-.

(rH-303.5.1)

o Every occupant of a single dwelling

building and every owner of a building containing two or more dwelling

tinits siiall l>e responsible for tiie extermination of any insects, ro- dents, or other pests wltliin tlie btiilcilng or premises. (307.5)

o All structures shall be kept free from insect and rodent infestation,

and where insects or rodents are

found, they shall be promptly exter- minated by acceptable processes

which will not be injurious to human

health. After extermination, proper precautions siiall be taken to prevent reinfestation. (PM-303.6)

(No specific

I requirement) o Each building and all exterior ap- purtenances on the site shal I be effectively protected against ro- dents, termites or other vermin in- festation . o inspection and Correction. A careful inspection by qualified persons

shall be made of each building and accessory structure on each property

I.-5
SUBJECT MATTER

2. Protection from Insects, Vermin , Rodents and Other Infestation

(cont .

)

HEALTH AND SANITATION (Cont.)

APHA-CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE,

1975 REV.

aRreement between the owner and occu- pant. In the absence of such an agreement, maintenance or replacement

of screens, storm doors and windows,

once Installed In any one (1) season becomes the responsibility of tlie occupant. The occupant's responsibility shall be exclusive to his or her dwelling unit. (3.08)

o Every occupant of a dwelling contain- ing a single dwelling unit shall be responsible for the extermination of Insects, and/or rats, on the premises; and every occupant of a dwelling unit In a dwelling containing

more than one (1) dwelling unit

sliall be responsible for such ex- termination whenever Ills dwelling

unit Is the only one Infested. Not- withstanding, tlie foregoing provisions of this subsection, whenever

Infestation Is caused by failure of

the owner to maintain a dwelling In

a ratproof or reasonable Insectproof condition, extermination shall

be the responsibility of the owner. Whenever Infestatldn exists In two

(2) or more of the dwelling units in any dwelling, or In the shared or public parts of any dwelling con- taining two (2) or more dwelling

units, extermination tl\ereof shall

be the responsibility of the owner. (3.09)

o No occupant of a dwelling or dwelling unit shall accumulate rubbish,

boxes, lumber, scrap metal, or any

NEW YORK STATE MODEL

HOUSING CODE,

1974

o From May 1st to October 1st, entrances to residential buildings

and structures shall be provided

with self-closlne doors, devices,

or screens, and windows and other

openings used for ventilation shall be appropriately screened, except

that screens shall not be required

in the upper stories of multiple

dwellings which are free of mosquitoes, flies, and other flying

insects. (Hl-604)

L-6

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION |ICB0|
STANDARD HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION

ISBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

o Tlie owner of any structure sliall be responsible for extermination within

the structure prior to renting,

leasing or selling the structure,

(PM-802.1)

o Tlie tenant-occupant of any structure

shall be responsible for the continued rodent-proof condition of the structure, and If the tenant-occupant falls to maintain the rodentproof condition the cost of exter- mination shall be the responsibility

of the tenant-occupant. (rM-802.2)

o The occupant of a structure con- taining a single dwelling unit or of

a single non-res Identlal structure

shall be responsible for the exter- mination of any insects, rodents or other pests In the structure or on the premises. (PM-802.3)

o Every owner, agent or operator of

two (2) or more dwelling units or multiple occupancies, or non-resldentlal structures and rooming

houses, shall he responsible for the extermination of any Ir^sects, ro- dents or otiter pests In' the public

or shared areas of the structure and premises. Wlien Infestation Is caused

by failure of an occupant of a unit of the two (2) or more dwelling

units or by an occupant or leasee of

a non-resldentlal structure to prevent such Infestation In the area which he occupies, the occupant

shall be responsible for such exter- mination- (PM-802.4)

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCA)

for evidence of actual or potential

Infestation or access channels. Existing buildings having defects

that permit the entrance of rodents,

termites or other vermin shall be corrected by appropriate measures. Damaged or deteriorated structural

members shall be replaced. (7-7)

o All foundation and wall openings

near or below grade such as openings

around pipes, conduits, cracks In deteriorated walls, broken masonry

or concrete sliould be protected

against the passage of rodents by

closing such openings with cement mortar, masonry or noncorrosive

sheet metal. Wlie.re wire mesh pro- tection Is used the size of openings should not exceed 1/2 Inch. (Guides, 7-12)

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978
HEALTH AND SANITATION (Cont.)

APHA CDC RECOMMENDED

SUBJECT MATTER HOUSING MAINTENANCE

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE,

1975 REV.

NEW YORK STATE MODEL

HOUSING CODE,

1974

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION (ICBO)

2. Protection from Insects, Vermin,

Rodents and Other Infestation

(cont .

)

other materials in such a manner

that may provide a rat harborage In or about any dwelling or dwelling

unit. Stored materials shall be stacked neatly In piles elevated at least elgliteen (18) inches above the ground or floor, (3.10)

o No owner or occupant of a dwelling

or dwelling unit shall store, place,

or allow to accumulate any materials

which may serve as food for rats In

a site accessible to rats. (3.12)

o Every dwelling, multiple dwelling,

rooming house or accessory structure

and the premises on which located

shall be maintained In a rat-free

and ratproof condition. (7.06)

o All openings In the exterior walls,

foundations, basements, ground or

first floors and roofs which have a half-inch diameter or more opening

shall be ratproofed In an approved manner If they are v;lthln fortyeight (A8) Inches of the existing

exterior ground level Immediately

below such openings, op if they may

be reached by rats from the ground

by climbing unguarded pipes, wires,

cornices, stairs, roofs, and otlier Items such as trees or vines or by

burrowing. (7.06.01)

o All windows located at or near ground level used or Intended to be used for ventilation, all other

openings located at or near ground

level, and all exterior doorways

which might provide an entry for

>

1-8

1
STANDARD HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION

(SBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

o Continuing or repeated Incidents of

rodent Infestation determined from

the official records shall require

the Installation of rat and vermin

proof walls. The rat and vermin

proof walls shall be installed In accordance with the building code.

(PM-802.5)

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

(BOCA) FEB. 1978
HEALTH AND SANITATION (Cont.)

SUBJECT MATTER

APHA CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE,

1975 REV.

NEW YORK STATE MODEL

HOUSING CODE,

1974

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION (ICBOj

2 . Pro tection from Insects, Vermin,

Rodents and Otlier Infestation

(cont .

)

rats, shall be supplied with adequate screens or such other devices

as will effectively prevent the entrance of rats Into the structure • (7.06.02)

o All sewers, pipes, drains or con- duits shall be constructed to prevent tlie Ingress or egress of rats

to or from a building. (7.06.03)

o Interior floors of basements, cellars and other areas In contact with

the soil shall be rat-proofed In an approved manner. (7.06.04)

o Materials stored outside tlie dwelling sliall be stacked and elevated

so that there will be at least an eighteen (18) Inch opening between

the material and the ground level

so as to prevent the creation of a rat harborage area. No stacking or piling of material shall take place

against the exterior walls of the structure. (7.06.05)

o Any materials used for rat-proofing

sliall be acceptable toithe appro- priate authority. (7.06.06)

L-IO
STANDARD HDUSING CDDE,

1979 EDITIDN

ISBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

IBOCA)

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCA)

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978
HEALTH AND SANITATION (Cont.)

APHA CDC RECOMMENDED

SUBJECT MATTER HOUSING MAINTENANCE

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE,

1975 REV.

NEW YORK STATE MODEL

HOUSING CODE,

1974

UNIFORM HOUSIMQ CODE,

1979 EDITION (ICBOj

3. Lead-Based Paint Restrictions o Every owner of a dwelling or dwelling unit shall provide and maintain

the dwelling or dwelling unit free from hazards to healtli due to the presence of toxic substances, e.g., lead-based paint, as determined by

the appropriate authority. (3.15)

o No owner or occupant shall apply a lead-based paint to any surface in any dwelling, dwelling unit, rooming

house and/or rooming unit. (3.16)

o Paint containing more than one per- cent of metallic lead, based on the total non-volatile content of the paint, shall not be used to paint any Interior wall, celling,

window, door, or other Interior

surface. Where such paint on In- terior surfaces Is peeling, or otherwise presents a health hazard

It shall be promptly removed and

the surface safely and appropriate

ly reflnlshed or resurfaced.

(111-603C)

(No specific requirement)

U. Sanitary Conditions o Every occupant of a dwelling or dwelling unit shall maintain In a clean and sanitary condition that part or those parts of the dwelling,

dwelling unit and premises thereof

that he occupies and controls .( 3 . 03)

o Every occupant of a dwelling unit shall keep all supplied fixtures and facilities therein In clean, sanitary, and operable condition and shall be responsible for the exercise of reasonable care In the pro- per use and operation thereof .( 3. 13)

o Floors, walls. Including windows

and doors, ceilings, and other in- terior surfaces shall be maintained In good, clean, and sanitary condition. Peeling paint,

cracked or loose plaster, decayed

wood, and other defective surface

conditions shall be eliminated

.

(Ill-603b)

o All sanitary facilities shall be installed and maintained In safe

and sanitary condition and In ac- cordance with all applicable laws . (505 (g))

I.-I2
STANDARD HOUSING CDDE,

1979 EDITIDN

(SBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

(BOCA) FEB. 1978

(Nn .specirir rpr|nlrctnent)

o Every owner of a imiltlple dwell! np, °

slinll be respon.slble for malntalnInp In a clean and aanltary condition tlie sliared or common area,"? of the dwelling and premises thereof.

(307.1)

o Every tenant of a dwelling unit shall keep in a clean and sanitary

condition tliat part of the dwelling,, dwelling unit and premises

thereof wlilcli he occupies or whlclt is provided for his particular use

(307.2)

o Every tenant of a dwelling unit

sliall keep all plumbing fixtures

tliereln In a clean and sanitary

condition and sitall he responsible

for the exercise of reasonable

o

o

care In the proper use and operation thereof. (307.6)

head-based paint with a le.ad content o of more tlian five-tenths of one percent (0.5%) shall not he applied to any Interior or exterior surface of

a dwelling, dwelling unit or child care facility. Including fences and outbuildings at these locations.

Existing Interior and exterior

painted surfaces of dwelling units

and child care facilities that contain an excess of flve-tentlis of one percent (0.5%) lead sliall be re- moved nr covered with paneling or other suitable covering appproved by

the code official. (rM-303.3.1)

Every toilet, bathroom and kitchen

floor surface shall he constructed

and maintained so as to be sub- stantially Impervious to water and

so as to permit such floor to be easily kept In a clean and sanitary

condition. (PM-303.3.2)

In every building, cellars, basements and crawl spaces shall be maintained reasonabi y 'f ree from dampness to prevent conditions condticlve to decay or deterioration of the structure. (rM-303.4)

The Interior of every structure

shall be maintained In a clean and sanitary condition free from any accumulation of rubbish, refuse or

garb.age. Ruhblsh, garbage, and other refuse shall be properly kept

inside temporaty storage facilities.

(PM-303.5)

Existing interior finish surfaces o containing a lead content greater

than five tenths (.5) of one (1) percent sha) 1 be removed and re- placed or covered with a lead-free material. (11.7. 2) o

(No specific requirement)

1 , 1.1

Treatment of exterior surfaces to eliminate hazard of lead-based

paint poisoning shall be as determined by the local IllU) office.

( 8 - 2 ) Treatment of Interior surfaces to eliminate hazard of lead-based

paint poisoning shall be as deter- mined by the local IIUD office.

( 8- 6 ) No paint shall contain more than

.06 percent lead by weight calculated as lead metal In the total non-volatile content of liquid

paints or in the dried film of paint already applied. (8-8)

(No specific requirement)
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W.,v>Sr.
Appendix M

ELEVATORS
ELEVATORS

SUBJECT MATTER

APHA-CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE.

1975 REV.

NEW YORK STATE MODEL

HOUSING CODE,

1974

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION |ICBO|

1 . Elevators, Dumbwaiters and Escalators In Multiple Dwellings (No specific requirement) o Elevators and escalators shall be maintained In good and safe operating condition, and adequately

llglited at all times. (11-208)

o Elevators, dumbwaiters, and escalators shall be designed.

Installed, and maintained to safely

sustain the loads to which they are subject, to operate properly, and

to be free of physical and fire hazards.

o Elevator and power operated dumb- waiter cars shall be provided with

durable signs. In conspicuous locations within such cars, on which

the rated capacity. In pounds. Is stated. Signs In passenger ele- vators sliall also state the total number of passengers permitted,

determined by dividing the rated capacity by 150.

o Elevator cars shall be provided

with approved means for trans- mitting a signal outside the hoistway in case of emergency. In accordance with generally accepted

standards . o Hoistways and pits shall be maintained free of rubbish or other debris

.

o Machine rooms shal 1 be maintained

free of oil and grease. Including

oily and greasy clothes, rags, and other such materials, and shall

not be used for storage of articles

M-2

(No specific requirement)
STANDARD HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION

(SBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE. 1978 EDITION

IBOCAj

(No specific requirement) o Elevators, dumbwaiters, and escalators sball be maintained to safety

sustain tbe loads to which they are

stibject, to operate properly, and to be free of physical and fire hazards

(PM-603.1)

I 1

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCAl

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

(No specific requirement) o Wliere Provided, an elevator shall

ftirnlsh convenient and safe ascent

and descent to all living units and service areas. The character and type of elevator service and equipment should be appropriate to the building being rehabilitated and to its occupants.

o Elevators shall be provided in buildings of:

- Tliree or more stories In housing

for the elderly

- Two story housing for the elderly

where central dining facilities

are located on a floor level other tlian the floor level of living units whlclt do not have cooking and dining facilities

- Two or more stories In liouslng

with living units above the first floor Intended for occtipancy by

wheelclialr users

o In buildings required to be accessible to the physically handicapped,

at least one elevator sliall comply

with ANSI AU7.1. (A. 7) o Four story buildings shotild have

on^ or more elevators where there are six or more living units per floor and where the continued acceptance of the property would be doubt f<il If there were no elevator service. Hulldlngs of more than four stories

having six or more living units per floor should have appropriate ele- M-1 vator service provl ded • (A-16 , Guides)
ELEVATORS (Cont.)

APHA COC RECOMMENDED

SUBJECT MATTER HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE, HOUSING CODE, UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1975 REV. 1974 1979 EDITION (ICBO)
STANDARD HOUSING CODE.

1979 EDITION

(SBCCIj

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

IBOCA)

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCA)

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

o T?ie MPS for Multi-family hou.slriR

(IIUI) ^910.1) should he tised a.s a guide for the design and installation of new elevators.

(9-lA, (luides)

M-5
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It. M
Appendix N

CHIMNEYS. VENTS AND INCINERATORS
CHIMNEYS, VENTS & INCINERATORS

SUBJECT MATTER

APHA CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE, HOUSING CODE, UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1975 REV, 1974 1979 EDITION jlCBOj

1 . Requirements for chimneys, flues, and vents

- Construction, servlceabl 1 1

1

Install atlon

,

y, durability

o Constructed and Installed In con- formance with local regulations and ordinances. l7.ll)

o Structurally safe, durable, smoke

tight, and noncombustible,

o Effectively convey products of combustion to the outer air.

o Masonry chimneys to have noncom- bustible foundations,

o Sufficient clearances from building construction.

o No flue shall have smoke pipe or

gas vent connections In more than one story of a building,

o Fireplaces and fuel burning equipment located In different dwelling

units shall not be connected to the same flue.

o Single-wall metal smoke pipe or connector shall not pass through

a floor, attic. Inside wall, partition, or concealed space,

o Single wall metal smoke pipe or connector passing through an ex- terior wall or a roof shall be guarded at the point of passage

by a suitable metal collar,

o Incinerator flues equipped with

service openings shall not be used as flues for other fuel- burning equipment

.

o Clilmneys and flues connected to equipment burning solid or liquid

fuel shall have a suitable soot pocket and cleanout door at the base, (111-507.1)

o Defines buildings with fireplaces

or chimneys which list, bulge, or settle due to defective material

or deterioration or which are of Insufficient size or strength to carry Imposed loads with safety

as substandard buildings*

(1001 (c))

N-2
STANDARD HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION

(SBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCA)

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

(Mo specific reqiil rement) o All chimneys, cooling towers, smoke

stocks, and similar appurtenances

shall he maintained structurally

safe, sound and In good repair, all exposed surfaces of metal or wood

sliall he protected from tlie ele- ments and against decay or rtist by

periodic application of weathercoating material such as paint or similar surface treatment.

o

(PM-302.3.6)

o All fuel-burning equipment shall be connected to an approved chimney,

flue or vent. (PM601.A.1)

o Fireplaces and other devices In- tended for use similar to a fire- place shall he stable and struc- turally safe and connected to approved chimneys. (PM601.5)

Chimneys, flues and vents shall

be structurally safe, durable,

smoketlght and capable of withstanding the action of flue gases

or shall he restored to such a condition, (B.7.2)

o Shall he structurally safe, dtirahlc,

smoketlght, and capable of wltli- standlng the action of fltie gases.

(7-6)

o Existing unllned masonry chimneys

having open mortar Joints or cracks which permit smoke or flame to he discharged Into the building slioutd either he removed or he made safe

by the Installation of a flue liner

or corrosion-resistant pipe one Inch less In diameter than the Interior

of the chimney. (Cn Ides . 7-11)

N-.1
CHIMNEYS, VENTS & INCINERATORS (Cont.)

SUBJECT MATTER

APHA-CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE,

1975 REV,

NEW YORK STATE MODEL

HOUSING CODE,

1974

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION |ICB0|

1. Requirements for clilmiieys, flues, and vents, (cone.)

- Draft

(No specific requirement) o Clilmneys, flues, and gas vents

shall be Installed and maintained

to provide sufficient draft.

(111-507. 2)

(No specific reqti 1 rement

)

- Factory-built clilirmeys (No specific requirement) (No specific requirement) (No specific requlTGiiKuit)

- Fire safety (No specific requirement) o Chimneys, flues and gas vents

shall be Installed and maintained

so that the surface temperature of adjacent combustible construction

does not exceed 175°F. (111-507.3)

(No specific requirement)

- Spark arresters (No specific requirement) o A chimney or flue connected to an incinerator, and a chimney or flue which emits sparks, shall be pro- vided with a spark arrester of noncombustible construction. Spark arresters shall have sufficient

total clear area to permit unre- stricted passage of flue gases. Openings in spark arresters shall

be of such size as to prevent passage of embers and to minimize

clogging by soot. (111-507,4)

(No specific requirement)

• N-4
HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARD HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION

(SBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCA)

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

(Mo .specific reqiilrempnt) (No specific, requirement) o Tops of chimneys and flues shall

be extended sufficiently so as to provide proper draw venting char- acteristics (draft) as required

by the building code or other

ordinance for new construction.

(B.7.2)

(No specific requirement)

(Mo specific requirement) (No specific requirement) (No specific requirement) o Factory-built chimneys shall be labeled by Underwriters’ Laboratory, Inc. and Installed In accor- dance with the listing. (7-6)

(Mo specific requirement) o All required clearances to combustible materials shall be maintained,

(PM601.^.2)

(No specific requirement) (No specific requirement)

(No specific reqtilrement) (No specific requirement)

( (

(No specific requirement) (No specific requirement)

' N-5
CHIMNEYS. VENTS 8. INCINERATORS (Cont.)

APHA CDC RECOMMENDED

SUBJECT MATTER HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE, HOUSING CODE, UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1975 REV, 1974 1979 EDITION |ICBO)

2. Requirements for Incinerators

- Construction, installation,

serviceability, durability

(No specific requirement) o Specific requirements given for:

1-

Capacity

2-

Emlsslon of contaminants

3-

Combustlon of refuse A-Spark arrester

5-

Connect Ion to chimney, smoke- stack or flue

6-

Allgnment and surface finish.

(111-508.1)

(No specific requirement)

- Service openings (No specific requirement) o Specific requirements given for:

1-

Accesslbllity to occupants

2-

Self-closlng devices and charging devices for dropping refuse

3-

Slgns and graphics to warn of hazards, (Hl-508.2)

(No specific requirement)

- Incinerator rooms and refuse

rooms

(No specific requirement) o Specific requirements given for;

1-

Openlngs to minimize heat trans- mission

2-

I,ocks or safety devices to prevent tampering by unauthorized

persons. (Hl-508.3)

(No specific requirement)

,

1

N-6

t
HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARD HOUSING CODE, BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

1979 EDITION CODE, 1978 EDITION FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

(SBCCI) (BOCA) (BOCAI FEB. 1978

(No specific reqtilrement) (No specific requirement) (No specific requirement) o Shall be structurally safe, durable, smoketl^ht, and capable of withstanding the .action of flue gases. (7-6)

(No specific requirement) (No specific requirement) (No specific requirement) (No specific requirement)

(No specific requirement) (No specific requirement) (No specific requirement) (No specific requirement)

t

N-7
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:
Appendix O

NOISE ABATEMENT REQUIREMENTS
NOISE ABATEMENT REQUIREMENTS

APHA CDC RECOMMENDED

SUBJECT MATTER HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE, HOUSING CODE, UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1975 REV. 1974 1979 EDITION (ICBOj
STANDARD HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION

(SBCCII

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

(No .specific rcqulreinent) (No specific requirement)

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCA)

(No specific requirement)

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

o where there Is revised planning and new construction contemplated of floors and partitions between living

units and between living tinlts and public and service spaces, consideration should be given to using

noise reduction and noise isolation

techniques In order to provide

acoustic separation and auditory

privacy. The minimum sotind trans- mission class (STC) rating of the construction for such purposes

should he 45 for airborne noise (STC

as determined by ASTM E90-66T) . For structure-borne or Impact noise, the Impact noise ratio (INF) should be

In a range from +5 to -5.

o Design and Construction Suggestions:

1. Where practical, functional areas

of high noise should be separated

from areas of quiet. Clothes or storage closets are useful sepa- rators . 2. Partitions should extend to solid

floor-celling construction and ^lould not terminate at hung

ceilings.

3. Pipes should be caulked and wrapped and ductwork should be sealed where they penetrate

sound-impeding partitions and floors. Ducts should be lined near registers or grilles, and at fan discharge.

0-3
NOISE ABATEMENT REQUIREMENTS (Cont.)

APHA-CDC RECOMMENDED

SUBJECT MATTER HOUSING MAINTENANCE NEW YORK STATE MODEL

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE, HOUSING CODE, UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1975 REV. 1974 1979 EDITION (ICBOj

1. NOISE CONTROL (cont.)

>

(

0-4
HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARD HDUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION

ISBCCII

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

|BOCA|

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCAj

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

4. Motors, fans and other mer.hanlcal equipment should he balanced and mounted

5. Wliere kitchens or bathrooms are located back-to-back, special

attention should be given to the construction to reduce noise

From plumbing fixtures and noise

through medicine cahlnets.

6. Where living units are adjacent

to high noise areas sucli as holler rooms or otiier mechanical

equipment, the construction

separating the spaces should pro- vide a greater noise resistance

tlian norma] room separation.

(4-18, Guides)

t;

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Appendix P

QUALITY OF MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS

P-l
QUALITY OF MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS

SUBJECT MATTER

APHA CDC RECOMMENDED

HOUSING MAINTENANCE

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE,

1975 REV.

NEW YORK STATE MODEL

HOUSING CODE,

1974

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION |ICB0|

1. Scope/Purpose

2 • Degree of Conformance

All construction and materials, ways

and means of egress, and Instal- lation and use of equipment shall conform with the appropriate statutes

ordinances, and regulations dealing

with fire protection of this (name

of Corporate Unit). (7.13)

(No specific requirement)

(No specific requirement)

(No specific requirement)

Faulty Materials of ConstructlonAll materials of construction

except those which are specifically

allowed or approved by this code

and the Building Code, and which

have been adequately maintained in good and safe condition- (lOOl(J))

(Definition of "Substandard Building")

(No specific requirement)

3. Second-hand Materials (No specific requirement) (No specific requirement) (No specific requirement)

P-2
STANDARD HOUSING CODE.

1979 EDITION

(SBCCI)

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

|BOCA|

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

(BOCA)

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

FEB. 1978

(No specific requirement)

(No specific requirement)

(No specific requirement)

(No specific requirement)

(No specific requirement)

(No specific requirement)

o Tlie provisions of this section

shall govern the quality and related requirements for all materials and methods for use In rehabilitated hiilldlngs. (B.9)

Materials and products used as replacements or additions In rehabilitation construction shall

he of quality conforming to nationally recognized standards.

The acceptability of special

materials and products not con- forming to a nationally recog- nized standard or for which a nationally recognized standard

does not exist, shall he determined by the administrative

atithorlty, based upon an analysis

and evaluation of Its properties

and performance characteristics.

(n.9.1)

o Second-hand or used materials may

be used In rehabilitation

construction when such use Is approved by the administrative

authority. (B.9.2)

To provide materials of such kind

and quality as to assure that the dwelling will provide: (a) appropriate structural strength, (b) adequate

resistance to weather and moisture,

and (c) reasonable durability and economy of maintenance. (6-1)

All materials and products used as replacements or additions In rehabilitation construction shall he of good

quality conforming to generally

accepted good practice.

The suitability of special materials

and products not conforming to a national standard shall be deter- mined by proper authority, after an evaluation of Its properties and performance characteristics. (6-2)

Second-hand materials wlilch meet the standards for new materials may be used when approved by the proper

local authority. (6-2)

P-.1
QUALITY OF MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS (Cont.)

APHA CDC RECOMMENDED

SUBJECT MATTER HOUSING MAINTENANCE

AND OCCUPANCY ORDINANCE,

1975 REV.

NEW YORK STATE MODEL

HOUSING CODE,

1974

UNIFORM HOUSING CODE,

1979 EDITION |ICB0|

Alternate Materials (No specific requirement) (No specific requirement)

)

(No specific requirement)

5. Standards/I,abellne (No specific requirement)

(

(No specific requirement) (No specific requirement)

P4
STANDARD HDUSING CDDE,

1979 EDITIDN

(SBCCIj

BASIC PROPERTY MAINTENANCE

CODE, 1978 EDITION

(BOCA)

HUD 4940.4, MINIMUM

CODE ENFORCEMENT GUIDELINES STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

FOR RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION FOR RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES,

(BOCAj FEB. 1978

(No .specific refill! remont)

(No specific requirement)

(No specific

(No specific

reqiii rement) o The provisions of these gulclelines are not intcnJed to prevent

the use of any material or product

not speclflcalTy prescribed by

this code, provided any such alternate has been approved. The administrative autliorlty may approve such alternates based

upon an analysis and evaluation

that indicates the proposed design

Is satisfactory for the intended

use and complies witli the require- ments of the applicable codes and ordinances of this jurisdiction.

(B.9.3)

requirement) o The standards listed or referred o to in the model codes published

by the American Insurance Association, Building Officials and Code Administrators International,

international Conference of Building Officials or Southern Building

Code Congress international may

serve as criteria for accepted

safe engineering practice for various materials, products, o systems of construction, or specific uses as required by the provisions of these guidelines.

(B.9.A)

P-5

(No specific requirement)

Tlie quality of new materials and products used as replacements or additions to residential buildings

being rehabilitated should comply

with the provisions of nationally

recognized standards wherever such standards exist. For an appropriate

Identification of these standards

for materials and products, see MBS

for Multi-family Housing (HIJI) A910.1)

All new materials and products should

be labeled or otherwise identified as conforming to an applicable recog- nized standard.

(6-3, Cuides)
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