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NATL INST OF STANDARDS & TECH R.I.C.

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Overman, JoAnne R/GATT Standards Code ac QC100 .U56 NO.86-3376 1986 C.1 NBS-PUB-C

GATT Standards

Gxle Activities of the

National Bureau of

Standards 1 985

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J 86-3376

* 1986

JoAnne R. Overman

Office of Product Standards Policy

National Bureau of Standards

U.S. Department of Commerce

April 1986

MBS

RESEARCH

INFORMATION CENTER

NBSIR 86-3376

GATT STANDARDS CODE ACTIVITIES OF

THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

1985

JoAnne R. Overman

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Bureau of Standards

Office of Product Standards Policy

Gaithersburg, MD 20899

April 1986

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Malcolm Baldrige, Secretary

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Ernest Ambler. Director
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ABSTRACT

This report describes the GATT Standards Code activities conducted by the

Standards Code and Information program, National Bureau of Standards (NBS),

for calendar year 1985. NBS responsibilities include operating the U.S. GATT

inquiry point for information on standards and certification activities;

notifying the GATT Secretariat of proposed U.S. Federal government

standards-based rules that might significantly affect trade; assisting U.S.

industry with standards-related trade problems; and responding to inquiries

about proposed foreign and U.S. regulations.

Key Words: GATT Standards Code; notifications; proposed foreign regulations

standards information; technical assistance
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CONTENTS

Introduction 1

Inquiry Point 1 Notifications 1 Inquiries 3

Translations 3

Other Activities 4

Standards Information 4

Technical Office 5

Assistance to Industry 5

Cormient Handling 6

Standards Code Signatories 8

Tables

Table I Number of Notifications Issued in 1985 9

Table II List of U.S. Notifications 9

Table III List of Foreign Notifications 10

Table IV Comment Periods for Proposed U.S. Regulations 15

Table V Comment Periods for Proposed Foreign Regulations 16

Appendix A United States Procedures for Determining Which Draft

Standards and Rules of Certification to Notify 21

Appendix B Key-Word-Out-of-Context (KWOC) Index of Products 23
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INTRODUCTION

The international Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (Standards Code)

has been in effect since January 1, 1980. There are currently 38 signatories

(Portugal signed in 1985) to the Code, 26 of which have actively implemented

the Code in their countries. The Code is administered by the Secretariat of

the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in Geneva, Switzerland.

The Office of Product Standards Policy (OPSP) has several responsibilities

for implementing provisions of Title IV of the U.S. Trade Agreements Act of

1979 related to establishment of a U.S. inquiry point,V a standards

information center, and a technical office for non-agricultural products.

This report summarizes Standards Code activities conducted by the Standards

Code and Information (SCI) program in OPSP for calendar year 1985. These

functions are performed within the traditional framework of NBS

standards-related programs. A more complete discussion of all U.S.

responsibilities and activities associated with the Standards Code may be

found in the Report to the United States Congress on the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade - “Standards Code."

Highlights of 1985 included publication of a directory of U.S. private sector

product certification programs and a brochure describing GATT Standards Code

activities at NBS; background research for bilateral standards discussions;

participation in the third meeting on information exchange held in

conjunction with the Standards Code Committee meeting; revision of the

Key-Word-In-Context (KWIC) Index of U.S. Voluntary Engineering Standards; and

preparation of the second triennial report cited above.

INQUIRY POINT

Notifications

Signatories of the Standards Code must notify the GATT Secretariat of all

proposed mandatory government regulations and certification procedures that

might significantly affect international trade. The Secretariat, in turn,

disseminates the notifications to all signatories.

As the official U.S. GATT inquiry point for information on standards and

certification activities, SCI notifies the Secretariat of proposed U.S.

Federal Government rules that might significantly affect trade; receives

foreign notifications and disseminates them, along with supplementary

information to appropriate U.S. companies and industry groups; and responds

to inquiries about foreign or U.S. notifications. SCI's GATT notification

activities are reported quarterly to cognizant NBS managers and other Federal

Government officials concerned with the Code's implementation .^/

^_/The Standards Code requires that each signatory provide an inquiry point to answer all inquiries on technical regulations, standards, and rules of

certification.

p_/0ffice of the U.S. Trade Representative, International Trade Administration

(Department of Commerce) and Departments of Agriculture and State.
In 1985, the GATT Secretariat issued 197 notifications. Twenty of the 38

signatories reported at least one proposed regulation (see Table I). Canada

had the most notifications with 39. Six other signatories - Finland, India,

Japan, Sweden, Switzerland and the United States - each reported 10 or more proposed regulations.

The Office of the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) office in Geneva receives

notifications from the Secretariat and cables them to the United States. The

notifications, all of which are available in English, include the name of the

country proposing the regulation; assigned TBT/Notif ication number; a brief

description of the regulation; and the final date for comments. In order to

provide wide access to this information in the United States, all foreign

notifications are published in the Commerce Business Daily , and several other

publications. SCI maintains a computerized data base on all GATT

notifications and a telephone GATT hotline where up-to-date notification

information can be obtained. The hotline number is (301) 921-3200 .

Proposed U.S. Regulations

All proposed U.S. Government rules (mandatory standards or certification

systems), including proposed revisions, are published in the Federal

Register . SCI staff regularly review the Register to identify those proposed

regulations that might significantly affect trade and which, therefore,

should be notified to the GATT Secretariat. Notices are sent directly to the

GATT Secretariat via telex. The procedures that SCI uses to identify which

proposed regulations or certification rules to notify were described in a paper presented by an SCI staff member at the May 1985 meeting on information

exchange (see Appendix A).

In 1985, 16 proposed U.S. regulations were reported; of the 16 reported, 14 were assigned TBT/Notif. numbers for 1985. Table II lists the agency and

products. The notifications designated in 1985 originated in the issuing

agencies shown below. The regulations covered such products as motor

vehicles, aspirin products, cosmetics, lifesaving equipment and pesticides in

food.

Agency No. of 1985 Notifs.

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (BATF)

Department of Transportation (DOT)

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

National Highway Traffic Safety Admin. (NHTSA)

Department of Agriculture (USDA)

124

1

14

1 Total l4

2
Proposed Foreign Regulations

The GATT Secretariat in 1985 issued 183 notifications from countries other

than the United States (see Table III). The foreign regulations covered a wide variety of products, including telecommunications equipment, electrical

appliances, furniture, automobiles, cement, and explosives. SCI maintains a Key-Word-Out-Context (KWOC) index for all products that are the subject of

foreign notifications (see Appendix B for 1985 index). (A KWOC is an indexing method in which keywords, in this instance products, appear as headings in a separate line index flush with the left margin.) The KWOC

index is used to identify any regulations that may be of interest to

individuals who have expressed interest in specific products.

Foreign notifications are sent regularly by SCI to the American National

Standards Institute, Industry Functional Advisory Committee members,^/ and

several other groups and individuals to serve their information needs and to

allow them to disseminate or publish as appropriate.

Inquiries

SCI processed 367 letter and telephone requests for GATT notification

information (296 U.S., 71 foreign) in 1985. Many requestors asked for copies

of more than one regulation. In addition to requests for specific

regulations, many individuals asked for general information on the Standards

Code. SCI responds to such requests by sending an information package

consisting of the latest issue of its newsletter, tbt news , a list of recent

foreign notifications, brochures describing the Standards Code, and ordering

information for the Commerce Business Daily .

In 1985, U.S. exporters were most interested in regulations from Japan,

Canada, Sweden, and Switzerland, among the top six notifiers, and from the

United Kingdom. The regulations that were most often requested concerned

telecommunications equipment, motor vehicles, and chemical substances. In

addition, 321 calls were received on the GATT hotline for up-to-date

information on foreign notifications.

Translations

SCI requests the text of all proposed foreign regulations from the inquiry

points of the issuing signatories. Less than half of the 183 regulations

received in 1985 ( 79 ) were in languages other than English. SCI coordinates

a translation service to obtain an English translation of any requested

proposed foreign language regulation. The cost of translation is paid by the

requestor; if more than one request is received for the same translation, the

cost is divided equally among requestors. In 1985, SCI received requests for

translations of eight regulations; three requests were for the same document.

o_/The IFAC is comprised of representatives from private industry engaged in

standards-related activities. It advises the Department of Commerce and USTR

on trade matters, the operation of any adopted trade agreements and other

subjects related to U.S. trade policy.

3
other Activities

In 1985, SCI published a brochure, "GATT Standards Code Activities," which

briefly describes SCI program activities established in support of the Code.

SCI also publishes tbt news , a newsletter intended to inform U.S. industry

and other interested groups of U.S. Government programs and activities in

support of the Standards Code. Subscription to the newsletter is free and can be obtained by contacting the SCI office.

An SCI staff member participated in a meeting on procedures for information

exchange held in May 1985 in Geneva, Switzerland. Representatives from GATT

inquiry points met to discuss current activities, notification procedures,

translations, length of comment periods, and problems encountered in

obtaining information. Scheduled every two years and held in conjunction

with the meeting of the Committee on Technical Barriers to Trade, this

assembly provides an opportunity to solve existing problems and to establish

new procedures for more effective communication and information exchange.

STANDARDS INFORMATION

The National Center for Standards and Certification Information (NCSCI) is

the national repository for standards documentation. NCSCI supports GATT

inquiry point activities by supplying information concerning both domestic

and foreign standards information. The information center, which was established in 1965, provides government, industry and the public with

information on standards, regulations, certification programs and related

activities that affect trade and commerce.

NCSCI maintains a microform and hard copy collection of engineering standards

and specifications, regulations, certification rules, directories, reference

books and special publications. NSCSI staff respond to more than 5,000

requests annually from all over the world on the existence, source and

availability of standards and related documents. NCSCI also responds to

trade-related queries regarding regulations or other requirements imposed by

foreign countries that affect the export of U.S. manufactured products.

In 1985, NCSCI published Private Sector Product Certification Programs in

the United States (NBS Special Publication 703). This directory presents

information from 109 organizations in the United States which engage in

product certification activities. Each entry describes the type and purpose

of each organization, the nature of the activity, products certified,

standards used, certification requirements, availability and cost of

services, and other relevant details. A similar directory of Federal

certification programs will be available in spring 1986.

4
TECHNICAL OFFICE

The SCI program performs technical office functions for non-agricultural

products. These include: a) providing assistance to U.S. exporters on specific technically based standards-related trade issues; b) assisting the

International Trade Administration and USTR in developing technical

background for bilateral and multilateral discussions with representatives

from other Code signatories; c) monitoring the level of U.S. participation in

international standardization activities; and d) coordinating comments on proposed foreign regulations.

Assistance to Industry

Technical office staff work closely with industry representatives to address

standards-related trade problems and to develop a technical basis for

negotiated resolutions. Technical staff obtain and analyze, when

appropriate, standards information to provide rationale for foreign

regulatory actions. In some cases, an analysis is conducted to answer

specific questions. In 1985, the following subjects were among those

requiring attention; they are briefly summarized here with results or current

status.

1. Two U.S. manufacturers of submersible water pumps and portable

electrical equipment alleged that European standards and marking rules

create non- tariff trade barriers. According to the complaints, the length requirements and marking rules for cord sets and cables are excessive and

discriminatory, thus making it costly and difficult to gain access to

the market. Technical office staff compared foreign standards and

practices with those in the United States, then contacted the American

Embassy in Brussels, Belgium and the U.S. Mission in Geneva, Switzerland

for assistance in clarifying the rationale and application of the

foreign requirements. Embassy personnel worked with the European

Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC) to obtain

information.

2. The Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) developed two technical

regulations concerning medical equipment which might affect the design,

manufacture, and testing of this equipment in the U.S. Two U.S.

companies registered concern about the impact of these regulations and

requested the technical office's help to determine the status of the

regulations and whether a delay in implementation was possible. The

American Embassy in Bonn was contacted for the information.

3. Technical office staff identified and analyzed United Kingdom and U.S.

requirements for metal alloys for a U.S. manufacturer. The information

was used by the company to bid on a British procurement contract.

4.

A U.S. testing laboratory inquired about the acceptance by the Federal

Republic of Germany of U.S. radio frequency interference emission test

criteria for computer equipment. Technical office investigation

revealed that Germany has different testing requirements and does not

accept U.S. -generated data. Germany will accept test data - subject to

approval by appropriate German officials - based on German standards.

5
5 . A U.S. manufacturer reported that a French regulation prohibits the

display of dual measurements (English and metric) on plastic laboratory

ware. Technical office staff raised this subject with the French

government and requested the American Embassy in Paris to ask for a waiver for the U.S. company; the request was denied.

6. Technical office staff consulted with NBS fire safety experts to

determine whether U.S. and EEC requirements for fire protective coating

were technically equivalent; they were not. Based on these

consultations, an affected U.S. manufacturer did not have adequate

justification to complain since the U.K. requirements are based on health and safety considerations.

Technical office staff provided technical analyses and background materials

for bilateral standards-related discussions with France and with the European

Economic Community. Product specific items for meetings with French

officials were: electronic measuring equipment, can sizes for processed

foods, agricultural machinery, and modems; for EEC officials: automobiles,

earthmoving machinery, and chemical labeling.

Other activities of the technical office included: participation in the

development and evaluation of proposals for a U.S. third party review program

for agricultural tractor testing to meet test code requirements of the

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD); initiating a study to assess extent of U.S. participation in international standardization

activities and historical trends; and assistance to Carnegie-Mel Ion

University graduate students undertaking a project to examine non-tariff

trade iDarriers in four product areas.

Comment Handling

A major objective of the Standards Code is to allow exporters and government

agencies to comment on proposed foreign regulations which they feel would

unjustifiably impede their country's exports. SCI provides the text of

proposed foreign regulations to all interested parties in the United States

and encourages the submission of comments if the regulation appears to create

unnecessary trade barriers. SCI transmits comments to the appropriate

foreign government and coordinates any follow-up activity. In 1985, SCI

received and processed comments on five foreign regulations: EEC - agricultural or forestry tractors (85.156); Japan - high pressure hose

assemblies (85.57); and Sweden -passenger cars (85.86, 85.128 and 85.166).

Additional informal comments are frequently made by industry representatives

who become aware of proposed regulations, often before they are notified

through the GATT. Some representatives use the notification system mainly as

a back-up to ensure awareness of foreign developments.

Comment Periods

To provide signatories with adequate time to receive the text of a regulation

(and to have it translated if necessary), review it and prepare comments, the

Standards Code recommends a comment period of at least 60 days. If the

comment period is insufficient (e.g., due to late receipt of an English

version or complicated technical issues), the technical office will request

that the issuing country extend the comment period. In 1985, seven such

6
requests were made to and granted by the notifying Party. Many extensions

are requested so that individuals can translate and study the regulation

without necessarily indicating an intention to comment.

The average length of the comment period^/ in 1985 was 50 days for U.S.

regulations and 43 days for foreign regulations. (For comparison, the

corresponding averages for 1984 were 37 and 47). Table IV lists all U.S.

regulations and the length of the comment period for each. The average

length of comment period by U.S. agency was:

BATF 51

DOT 66

EPA 36

FAA 48

FDA 49

NHTSA 24

USDA 175

Comment period for foreign regulations ranged from none at all to 169 days.

Table V lists all foreign regulations for which notifications were received

and the length of comment period for each. The average length of comment

period by country was:

Austria 0 Japan 58

Belgium 62 Korea 33

Canada 30 Netherlands 41

Denmark 15 Norway 54

EEC 70 Spain 0

Finland 54 Sweden 57

France 31 Switzerland 59

Germany 66 Tunisia 0

India 24 United

Ireland 0 Kingdom 21

Conclusion

SCI continues to work with U.S. industry to assist in solving

standards-related trade problems and to assure wide receipt of relevant

notifications of proposed foreign regulations which might affect trade.

Requests for further information, suggestions on how the service might be

made more useful, or comments on subjects covered in this report should be

directed to:

Standards Code and Information office

National Bureau of Standards

Administration Building, Room A629

Gaithersburg, MD 20899

(301) 921-2092

For specific information from NCSCI call (301) 921-2587.

^_/Number of calendar days between the date the notification was issued by the

GATT Secretariat and the closing date for comments.

7
STANDARDS CODE SIGNATORIES

Argentina

Austria

Belgium

Brazi

Canada

Chile

Czechoslovakia

Denmark

Egypt

European Economic Community (EEC)

Finland

France

Federal Republic of Germany

Greece

Hong Kong

Hungary

India

Ireland

Italy

Japan

Korea

Luxembourg

Netherlands

New Zealand

Norway

Pakistan

Philippines

Portugal

Romania

Rwanda

Singapore

Spain

Sweden

Switzerland

Tunisia

United Kingdom

United States

Yugoslavia

8
TABLE I

NUMBER OF GATT NOTIFICATIONS ISSUED IN 1985

SIGNATORY

AUSTRIA

BELGIUM

CANADA

DENMARK

EEC

FINLAND

FRANCE

GERMANY

INDIA

IRELAND

JAPAN

KOREA

NETHERLANDS

NORWAY

SPAIN

SWEDEN

SWITZERLAND

TUNISIA

UNITED KINGDOM

UNITED STATES

TOTAL

NUMBER OF

NOTIFICATIONS

2

1 39

9810

4

1 12

1 31

14

4

3 34

1 1

17

14

197

TABLE II

LIST OF U.S. NOTIFICATIONS

TBT/NOTIF. # AGENCY PRODUCT

85.6 DOT (220)* LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT

85.7 EPA (219) BENZENE HEXACHLORIDE

85.20 DOT (221 ) INFLATABLE LIFERAFTS

85.21 U5DA (222) ANIMAL EMBRYOS

85 . 76 FDA (223) SULFITES ON FOOD

85.95 NHTSA(225) LAMPS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT

85.96 NHTSA(224) AIR BRAKE SYSTEMS

85.97 NHTSA(226) LAMPS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT

85. 107 EPA (227) AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES

85.119 BATF (228) ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES

85.121 EPA (229) PESTICIDE PRODUCTS CONTAINING CAPTAN

85.161 NHTSA(230) MOTORCYCLE HELMETS

85 . 170 FAA (231 ) AIRCRAFT

85. 190 EPA (232) MANGOES

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APPENDIX A

UNITED STATES PROCEDURES FOR DETERMINING

WHICH DRAFT STANDARDS AND RULES OF CERTIFICATION TO NOTIFY

The Standards Code and Information (SCI) program of the National Bureau of

Standards' Office of Product Standards Policy, performs the "Inquiry Point"

functions for the United States. One of SCI's responsibilities is to report to

the GATT Secretariat U.S. Government proposed technical regulations which might

significantly affect trade and all U.S. Government proposed rules of

certification systems, as required under Articles 2.5 and 7.3 of the Agreement.

The United States is committed to notifying all proposals rules that may

significantly affect imports from other Standards Code signatories.

Proposed U.S. Government technical regulations and rules of certification

systems are published in the Federal Register (FR), a daily Federal Government

publication which contains Rules, Proposed Rules and Notices of Government

regulatory actions. (Note: The terms "Rules" and "regulatory Actions" include

the Standards Code defined terms "technical regulations" and "certification

systems.") SCI staff review the "FR" to identify those proposed regulations

which might impede trade. The procedures and criteria used are outlined below.

0 "SCI" staff review the Table of Contents of the "FR" which lists, by U.S.

regulatory agency, the type of action and brief description of the subject

area. Under the heading. Proposed Rules, certain words within the

description (e.g., 'standards', 'regulation', 'certification') signal that a particular action potentially should be notified. The page numbers of the

notices are noted.

0 Each notice published in the "FR" includes a summary paragraph which

describes the action and product(s) covered. For each notice identified

under Proposed Rules, as described above, the summary is reviewed to

determine whether it concerns a voluntary standard, adoption of an international standard, a change in an existing regulation, establishment of

a new regulation, or a change in administrative policy or procedure. Only

those notices that indicate a change or establishment of a new regulation are examined further to establish whether or not to notify.

0 A proposed rule should be notified if it is trade significant. "SCI" staff

use several sources to supplement their own information concerning the

notification process, including: 1) the types of notifications the GATT

Secretariat has issued within the past five years; 2) the background

information contained in the published version of each proposed regulation;

and 3) consultations with the issuing Federal agency. These sources usually

provide the necessary information to determine trade significance. This

information includes: significant import market, importance to foreign

manufacturers in preventing current import delays, and possibility that the

product will be imported in the future.

21
0 In rare cases, neither the notice nor the issuing agency can provide enough

information to assess the proposed rule's possible trade impact. "SCI" staff

then contact the International Trade Administration (Department of

Commerce-"DOC") . Various "DOC" offices maintain product/country statistics

that can help determine whether or not: 1) the important trading countries

or products in question are Standards Code signatories; and 2) the trade

significance of the product in terms of: dollar volume of imports, market

size or potential market growth. (Note: These criteria to determine whether

a proposed regulation should be notified, were proposed by the Nordic

countries as TBT/W/59, and adopted by the Committee on Technical Barriers to

Trade.) If the product concerned is imported from signatories and/or has a large trade volume, the proposed regulation is notified.

It is, of course, difficult to assess the significance of the impact of a specific proposed regulation. Where there is a doubt as to the level of trade

impact, the United States notifies the proposed regulations.

Notifications of proposed regulations are sent directly to the GATT Secretariat

via telex as soon as possible after trade significance can be determined.

Copies of the full text of all proposed U.S. regulations are available free of

charge from the SCI office.

22
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WHEAT

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JAPAN

85.43
NBS-114A (REV. 2 -eo) U.S. DEPT. OF COMM.

BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA

SHEET (See instructions)

1. PUBLICATION OR

REPORT NO.

NBSIR 86-3376

2. Performing Organ. Report No. 3. Publication Date May 1986

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

GATT Standards Code Activities of the National Bureau of

Standards I985

5. AUTHOR(S)

JoAnne R. Overman

6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION (If joint or other than NBS, see instructions)

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20234

7. Contract/Grant No.

8. Type of Report & Period Covered

Annual , 198

9. SPONSORING ORGANIZATION NAME AND COMPLETE ADDRESS (Street. City. State, ZIP)

10. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

[^71 Document describes a computer program; SF-185, FIPS Software Summary, is attached.

11. ABSTRACT (A 200~word or less factual summary of most si gnificant information. If document includes a significant

bibliography or literature survey, mention it here)

This report describes the GATT Standards Code activities conducted by the

Standards Code and Information program. National Bureau of Standards (NBS),

for calendar year I985 . NBS responsibilities include operating the U.S.

GATT inquiry point for information on standards and certification activities;

notifying the GATT Secretariat of proposed U.S. federal government standardsbased rules that might . significantly affect trade; assisting U.S. industry

with standards-related trade problems; and responding to inquiries about

proposed foreign and U.S. regulations.

12. KEY WORDS (Six to twelve entries; alphabetical order; capitalize only proper names; and separate key words by semicolon s) GATT Standards Code; notifications; proposed foreign regulations; standards

information; technical assistance

13. AVAILABILITY

fY1 Unlimited

I I For Official Distribution. Do Not Release to NTIS

[~n Order From Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.

Order From National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Springfield, VA. 22161

14. NO. OF

PRINTED PAGES

3

^

15. Price

; % . Oaam • :