Estimated Summer 

Hot-Soak Distributions

for Denver’s 

Ken Caryl I/M Station

Fleet

Report

Draft

Prepared for:

U.S. Environmental Protection

Agency

February 8, 2012

Revised by:

Eastern Research Group, Inc. and 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 

May 15, 2013

C:\Documents and Settings\gdietric\Desktop\JAMES\EPA-130515.docx

ERG: 0218.05.004.001

Estimated Summer Hot-Soak Distributions 

for Denver’s Ken Caryl I/M Station Fleet

REPORT

Draft

as part of

Work Assignment 5-4

Submitted to:

Constance Hart

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

2565 Plymouth Road

Ann Arbor, MI 48105

Submitted by:

Timothy H. DeFries

Cynthia F. Palacios

Meredith F. Weatherby

Alan P. Stanard

Sandeep Kishan

Eastern Research Group, Inc.

3508 Far West Blvd., Suite 210

Austin, TX 78731

February 8, 2012

i

Table of Contents

1.0 Executive Summary...................................................................................................... 1-1

2.0 Background................................................................................................................... 2-1

2.1 Laboratory Measurement of Evaporative Emissions........................................ 2-2

2.2 The Denver Inspection and Maintenance Program........................................... 2-3

2.3 Measurement of Evaporative Emissions by Remote-Sensing .......................... 2-4

2.3.1 Development of Evaporative Screening Indices................................... 2-4

2.3.2 A Screening Index for Evaporative Emissions (EI23 Bin)................... 2-8

2.3.3 Unequal Probability Sampling Using an Evaporative Index ................ 2-8

2.4 Glossary of Terms............................................................................................. 2-9

3.0 Methods......................................................................................................................... 3-1

3.1 Project Goals..................................................................................................... 3-1

3.1.1 Key Variables........................................................................................ 3-1

3.1.2 Target Population and Sampled Fleet................................................... 3-1

3.2 Screening, Sampling, and Recruitment............................................................. 3-2

3.2.1 Sampling ............................................................................................... 3-2

3.2.2 Recruitment........................................................................................... 3-3

3.3 Vehicle Inspection (The “Modified California Method”) ................................ 3-4

3.4 Measuring Hot-Soak Emissions (portable SHED) ........................................... 3-5

3.4.1 Performance .......................................................................................... 3-7

3.5 Procedure .......................................................................................................... 3-8

3.6 Vehicle Repairs............................................................................................... 3-12

3.7 Data Quality-Control Procedures.................................................................... 3-13

4.0 Analysis......................................................................................................................... 4-1

4.1 Data Examination.............................................................................................. 4-1

4.2 Distributions of Hot-Soak Emissions................................................................ 4-4

4.2.1 Calculation of Weighted Frequencies................................................... 4-6

4.2.2 Utility of the Screening Index............................................................... 4-6

4.2.3 Effectiveness of the Screening Index.................................................. 4-10

4.3 Discussion....................................................................................................... 4-13

4.3.1 Fleet Composition and Representativeness ........................................ 4-13

4.3.2 Effects of Ambient Conditions........................................................... 4-14

4.3.3 Interpretation....................................................................................... 4-19

4.3.4 Assessment of Measurement Repeatability ........................................ 4-23

5.0 Summary and Conclusions ........................................................................................... 5-1

6.0 References..................................................................................................................... 6-1

Appendix A Measurement of Exhaust and Evaporative Hydrocarbons by Remote-Sensing..... A-1

Appendix B Comparison of RSD Evaporative Emissions Index EI23 with Known Running-Loss 

Emission Rates................................................................................................................ B-1

Appendix C Sample Blank Data Packet ..................................................................................... C-1

Appendix D Comparison of PSHED and LSHED...................................................................... D-1

Appendix E Descriptions and Data for Non-Participating Vehicles ...........................................E-1

Appendix F Descriptions and Data for Participating Vehicles....................................................F-1
ii

List of Tables

Table 3-1. Sampling Fractions by EI23 Bin ............................................................................... 3-2

Table 4-1. Screening Index (EI23 Bin) by Model-Year Group for Screened Vehicles............. 4-2

Table 4-2. Screening Index (EI23 Bin) by Model-Year Group for Eligible Vehicles in the 

Sample.............................................................................................................................. 4-2

Table 4-3. Screening Index (EI23 Bin) by Model-Year Group for Participating Vehicles....... 4-2

Table 4-4. Solicitation Response Rate by Model-Year Group ................................................... 4-5

Table 4-5. Solicitation Response Rate by EI23 Bin ................................................................... 4-5

Table 4-6. Counts of Measured Vehicles Having Index and PSHED Values Less Than and 

Greater Than Designated Thresholds for the 1991-1995 Model-Year Group................ 4-9

Table 4-7. Sums of Final Weights Having Index and PSHED Values Less Than and Greater 

Than Designated Thresholds for the 1991-1995 Model-Year Group............................. 4-9

Table 4-8. Sample Calculations for a 1.0 g/Qhr High-PSHED Definition, by Model-Year 

Group ............................................................................................................................. 4-11

Table 4-9. Selected Percentile Values for PSHED Measurements (g/Qhr), based on Weighted 

Distributions................................................................................................................... 4-13

Table 4-10. Control and Measurement of Factors Affecting Evaporative Emissions............... 4-14

Table 4-11. Fractions of PSHED Values Exceeding Selected Hot-Soak Emission Thresholds 

(Based on Weighted Distributions)................................................................................ 4-20

Table 4-12. Results of Physical Inspection: Identified Vapor Sources by Location for Two 

Model-Year Groups....................................................................................................... 4-21

Table 4-14. Fractions of PSHED Values Exceeding Selected Hot-Soak Emission Thresholds 

(based on weighted distributions).................................................................................. 4-26

List of Figures

Figure 2-1. Time Series for Attenuation Measurements with no Evaporative Emissions and 

Simulated Exhaust Hydrocarbon Emissions.................................................................... 2-6

Figure 2-2. Attenuation Measurements for Three Pollutants vs. Attenuation for CO2: Zero 

Evaporative Emissions and Simulated Exhaust Hydrocarbon Emissions ....................... 2-7

Figure 2-3. Time Series of Attenuation Measurements for Four Emission Species, with 

Simulated Evaporative (15 scfh) and Exhaust Emissions (1,100 ppm C3H8).................. 2-7

Figure 3-1. Remote-Sensing Van and Instruments in Operation................................................. 3-3

Figure 3-2. Hydrocarbon Vapor Detector................................................................................... 3-4

Figure 3-3. Portable SHED (PSHED) with Door Open.............................................................. 3-7

Figure 3-4. Procedure for Sampling, Recruitment, and Testing at Ken Caryl Station .............. 3-9

Figure 3-5. Conditioning Route and Locations of Remote-Sensing Instruments..................... 3-11

Figure 3-6. Study Layout at Ken Caryl Station ........................................................................ 3-12

Figure 4-1. Model-Year Distribution for Eligible Vehicles........................................................ 4-3

Figure 4-2. Model-Year Distribution for Participating Vehicles................................................ 4-3

Figure 4-3. Cumulative Unweighted Cumulative Distributions of PSHED Measurements by 

Model-Year Group........................................................................................................... 4-4

Figure 4-4. Unweighted Hot-Soak (PSHED) Measurements vs. Evaporative Indices (EI23) for 

Measured Vehicles in the 1991-1995 Model-Year Group (Note: This presentation does 

not account for unequal sampling or response rates.)...................................................... 4-8
iii

Figure 4-5. Weighted Hot-Soak (PSHED) Measurements vs. Evaporative Indices (EI23) for 

Measured Vehicles in the 1991-1995 Model-Year Group............................................... 4-8

Figure 4-6. Weighted Cumulative Distributions of PSHED Hot-Soak Emissions, by 

Model-Year Group......................................................................................................... 4-12

Figure 4-7. Weighted Cumulative Distributions of PSHED Hot-Soak Emissions for the 

Sampled Fleet................................................................................................................. 4-12

Figure 4-8. Distribution of PSHED Seal Temperature for Participating Vehicles.................... 4-16

Figure 4-9. Initial PSHED Temperature vs. Final PSHED Temperature ................................. 4-16

Figure 4-10. Selection RSD Temperature vs. Initial PSHED Temperature ............................. 4-17

Figure 4-11. Barometric Pressure at PSHED Sealing............................................................... 4-18

Figure 4-12. Fuel Tank Levels for Participating Vehicles........................................................ 4-18

Figure 4-13. Magnitude of PSHED Hot-soak Results by Model-Year Group and Location 

of Vapor Source ............................................................................................................. 4-23
iv
1-1

1.0 Executive Summary

The primary goal of the Ken Caryl project was to estimate distributions of hot-soak 

emission levels for gasoline-fueled light-duty vehicles, using a quick and inexpensive procedure 

to conduct a survey of an in-use fleet. Innovative strategies were used to measure evaporative 

emissions data on 175 vehicles representative of the fleet entering Ken Caryl station.

The vehicle sample evaluated during the study was drawn from vehicles visiting an I/M 

station in Denver during the summer months. Classes of vehicles measured included LDV, 

LDT1, and LDT2 as defined by EPA regulations. A random sample of vehicles was selected for 

measurement with “probability proportional to Index” (ppEI). The index was calculated from the 

value of a remote-sensing measurement obtained as each vehicle entered the I/M station. The 

sampling process used the index to improve the efficiency with which vehicles with “elevated” 

evaporative emissions could be selected for recruitment (as opposed to sampling the fleet fully at 

random). The success of the ppEI approach in identifying vehicles with elevated evaporative 

emissions has confirmed earlier work demonstrating the utility of a screening index in reducing 

the level of effort and cost needed to estimate the prevalence of vehicles with elevated 

evaporative emissions [1].

The hot-soak emissions of participating vehicles were measured using the “portable 

SHED” (PSHED) enclosure following a procedure developed to mimic the hot-soak portion of 

the Federal Test Procedure as best as possible in a field setting. This approach serves as a good 

surrogate for corresponding laboratory results, but did not fully meet measurement requirements 

for a laboratory SHED.

1 Several parameters known to affect hot-soak emissions were not 

controlled but were recorded: ambient temperature, barometric pressure, fuel tank level, fuel 

metering technology, evaporative emissions control technology, and the repair status of related 

vehicle systems. Results show a reasonable degree of correspondence between values of the ppEI 

and corresponding hot-soak measurements.

Using the measurements obtained in the PSHED, we estimated distributions of hot-soak 

emissions, for the entire sampled fleet and by model-year group, assuming that the model-year 

groupings act as a surrogate for important changes in fuel-system and emissions control 

technology. To obtain representative results in relation to the fleet sampled, it was necessary to 

develop and apply two sets of weights to represent the processes of sampling and differential 

participant response by model-year group. These weights reflect the different sampling 

probabilities assigned to vehicles based on their screening indices, plus different levels of 

participant response by model-year group.

Nonetheless, the ppEI did not give a perfectly reliable result for this fleet of vehicles. The 

presence of “false negatives” or “false positives” in the sample reduces the efficiency of the 

index in guiding sampling, but does not impair the usefulness of the sample for purposes of this 

report. Each vehicle was drawn into the sample at a known level of probability, ranging from 6% 

for the lowest screening indices to 100% for vehicles with the highest indices. In analyzing the 

sample, the probability with which each vehicle was drawn determines its weight in the analysis, 

meaning the number of vehicles in the sampled fleet that it represents. Because sampling weights 

 1 “Sealed Housing for Evaporative Determination,” as specified in 40 CFR 86, Subpart B.
1-2

are assigned for all vehicles receiving PSHED measurements, the set of PSHED measurements 

can be used to estimate the prevalence of elevated emissions.

The analysis shows the value of model-year groups as a surrogate for fuel-system and 

emissions-control technology. The hot-soak results among model-year groups span about three 

orders of magnitude and are consistent with the combined effects of evaporative emission control 

technologies and vehicle age. Older model year groups had substantially higher estimated hotsoak values than newer model year groups. All vehicles manufactured prior to 1981 (when 

measured at 29+ years of age) are expected to have PSHEDs greater than 1.0 g/Qhr (g/quarterhour). This rate corresponds to a cumulative leak of 0.020 inches in diameter, or the size of the 

smallest fuel/evaporative control system vapor leak that OBD systems are required to detect. For 

vehicles manufactured between 1981 and 1995 (measured at 14+ years of age), 26% and 39% of 

vehicles are expected to exceed 1.0 and 0.30 g/Qhr, respectively (with the latter value 

corresponding to the hot-soak portion of the 1996-and-later enhanced emission standard). For 

vehicles manufactured between 1996 and 2003 (measured at 5-13 years of age), and employing 

both OBD systems and enhanced evaporative emission control technology, corresponding 

fractions are 3.3% and 6.4%, respectively. Evaluation of an assumption that all measurements 

were overestimated by 50% indicated that these frequencies would be reduced by margins of 

12% and 5%, respectively, giving “lower-bound” values of 2.9% and 6.1%. Finally, no vehicles 

manufactured in 2004-2010 are expected to have PSHEDs greater than 0.3 g/Qhr, although these 

conclusions are based on a relatively small set of 13 measured vehicles.

Despite the quick and rudimentary nature of the physical inspection, it was often possible 

to isolate vapor emissions to specific components of the fuel-delivery or emission-control 

systems. Specific vapor sources were identified for 44% and 17% of all PSHED results in the 

pre-1996 and the 1996-2010 model-year groups, respectively. However, for the vehicles having 

PSHED results ≥0.3 g/Qhr, the fractions are higher, with vapor sources identified for 54% and 

76% of results in the pre-1996 and 1996-2010 model-year groups. Overall, 13 specific vapor 

sources were isolated, with the most common being the fuel tank, fill pipe, and canister. These 

three locations account for 66% of identified sources for all PSHED results. Results also show 

that most identified vapor sources exceeded 0.3 g/Qhr, with 64% to 70% of sources exceeding 

this threshold attributed to these three locations.

The distributions of summer hot-soak emissions estimated from the measurements 

obtained at Ken Caryl station represent new data that is relevant to characterizing evaporative 

emissions at the fleet level in other contexts. However, the specific limitations of the study imply 

that the results cannot necessarily be generalized broadly without taking steps to account for 

differences in conditions. The effects of ambient temperature, fuel volatility, and barometric 

pressure (altitude), among other factors, need to be considered in generalizing the application 

and interpretation of these results. 

Taken together, the emission data and the mechanics’ inspection results discussed in the 

report suggest that the “hot soak” emissions measured in this work emanate from either canister 

breakthrough or as a result of leaks in the fuel and evaporative emission control systems.
2-1

2.0 Background

Evaporative emissions from motor vehicles arise from the release of low molecularweight hydrocarbon components from the fuel (typically gasoline). Unlike exhaust emissions, 

which are emitted primarily from the tailpipe, evaporative emissions can be released from any 

part of the fuel-delivery or evaporative emissions control systems. Due to the delocalized nature 

of evaporative emissions, they have historically proven difficult to isolate and measure for 

individual vehicles and to forecast for fleets.

Historically, four classes or types of evaporative emissions have been recognized. 

“Running-loss” emissions occur while engine is operating. For vehicles with functional control 

systems these emissions are captured but when these systems malfunction or fail, hydrocarbon

vapors can escape into the environment. “Hot-soak” emissions occur after the engine has been 

turned off and residual heat results in fuel evaporation. For vehicles with fuel injection, hot-soak 

emissions are generated primarily from the fuel tank. For older vehicles with carburetion, such 

emissions are also generated from the carburetor bowl. “Permeation” losses are low-level 

emissions occurring by diffusion through fuel-system materials or through junctions where 

components meet, such as fittings. Finally, “diurnal” emissions occur as the vehicle heats up as 

ambient temperature increases during the day. Note, however, that these emissions classes are 

not mutually exclusive and that similar physical processes may be in operation in multiple 

“types,” i.e., with the engine on or off, etc.

In addition to vehicle characteristics, fuel characteristics influence evaporative emissions. 

In general, increased fuel volatility results in increased evaporation. In addition, the fuel level in 

the tank determines the volume of vapor available for release or evaporation, with the result that 

evaporative emissions tend to increase when the fuel tank level is low, other factors equal. 

The generalizations above apply to vehicles with properly functioning emissions control 

systems. However, if the control system is malfunctioning or the integrity of the system is 

compromised, resulting in leaks of various sizes, additional volumes of vapor can be lost to the 

atmosphere from numerous locations.2 This phenomenon was recognized by EPA and industry 

over 35 years ago and served as a major reason for requirement of the SHED test in lieu of the 

older canister method [2].

It is important to note that vehicles having “elevated” running-loss or hot-soak emissions 

are not necessarily “malfunctioning” or “leaking.” For obvious reasons, the levels of evaporative 

emissions expected depend heavily on the technology of the fuel-delivery and evaporative 

emission-control systems at the time of manufacture. Before 1971, light-duty gasoline vehicles 

had no regulations on evaporative emissions. For those vehicles, fuel tanks were typically vented 

directly to the atmosphere. In the years since 1970, certification test procedures and standards 

have become increasingly comprehensive and stringent. However, running-losses were not 

directly addressed until the introduction of “enhanced” evaporative emissions control

requirements for model-year 1996-and-later gasoline-powered light-duty vehicles (LDVs) and 

light-duty trucks (LDTs). On the other hand, the existence of a leak in the fuel or vapor control 

 2 Leaks in the fuel/vapor control system can result from poor design approaches, poor connections, component 

deterioration as a result of poor material selection or mis-assembly of components and systems. 
2-2

system would likely result in substantially increased vapor emissions, regardless of the 

technology employed or level of emissions control required.

For purposes of emissions inventory estimation, the MOBILE models classified 

evaporative emissions as described above. In development of the Motor Vehicle Emissions 

Simulator (MOVES), however, the terms “hot-soak” “cold-soak” and “operation” are defined as 

“operating modes.” During these modes, emissions may be generated by one or more “processes,” 

defined as “vapor venting” (primarily from the tank), “permeation,” or “leaks” (vapor or liquid).

2.1 Laboratory Measurement of Evaporative Emissions

Because evaporative emissions can emanate from many locations on a vehicle, the 

measurement of a vehicle’s evaporative emissions is different and in some ways more difficult 

than the measurement of exhaust emissions. Placing vehicles in a sealed enclosure, such as the 

“Sealed Housing for Evaporative Determination” (SHED) makes it possible to quantify total 

vapors emitted during various test conditions. However, because evaporative emissions vary 

with physical process and operating mode during constantly changing ambient conditions, the 

dependence of evaporative emissions on environmental factors such as ambient temperature, fuel 

volatility, atmospheric pressure, and driving history is complex. 

To explore the relationships between evaporative emissions and the vehicles’ operating 

environment, modeling is one useful approach. Between 1987 and 1992, the Coordinating 

Research Council sponsored work to use available data to develop a model to estimate fleetaverage evaporative emissions in relation to changing environmental conditions [3, 4, 5]. The 

resulting model (EVAP 3.0) estimated hot-soak and diurnal (but not running-loss) emissions at 

the fleet scale [3]. This model did not estimate fractions of vehicles having elevated evaporative 

emissions as a result of leaks. However, this model and others like it served to guide additional 

research by clarifying the importance of different physical processes or modes in various 

situations.

More recently, additional work sponsored by the Coordinating Research Council (CRC), 

in cooperation with EPA and the Department of Energy, has focused on specific questions 

concerning the processes by which evaporation emissions occur [6]. One set of studies, focused 

on permeation, first developed a test procedure and then applied it in a larger program to 

estimate emissions from vehicles with differing control technologies, e.g., “pre-enhanced” (pre 

1996), “enhanced” (MY 1996-2000), and “partial-zero emissions vehicles” (PZEV)

3

. In the E-77 

pilot program, one vehicle was measured with and without an artificially-induced leak of the 

minimum diameter necessary to set an OBD code. Results showed that the presence of a leak can 

increase emissions by several orders of magnitude and underscored the importance of estimating 

the prevalence of leaks in the in-use fleet. While evaporative mass emissions have been 

quantified in previous studies [7, 8, 9], frequencies of leaking vehicles in the in-use fleet have 

been estimated based on very limited data [8, 9, 10].

Follow-up efforts with artificially-induced “implanted” leaks of similar diameters at 

differing locations (such as the gas cap) showed that the magnitude of emissions is associated 

 3 PZEVs, 2004 and later vehicles, an option for compliance under the California ZEV mandate.
2-3

with the locations of leaks [6]. One finding was that systems equipped with on-board refueling 

vapor recovery (ORVR) can mitigate the effects of leaks in some locations, depending on the 

ORVR design employed. However, leaks at specific locations, such as the top of the tank or in 

connection to the canister, were found to result in higher emissions. 

2.2 The Denver Inspection and Maintenance Program

As in a number of urban areas throughout the U.S., vehicles registered with addresses in 

the Denver Metropolitan Area are subject to the requirements of an Inspection-and-Maintenance 

Program (I/M). The Colorado Automobile Inspection and Readjustment program is an enhanced 

I/M program with the goal of detecting and repairing high-emitting gasoline vehicles4

. The 

program covers nine counties and portions of counties in and around Denver. The program is 

registration-enforced and applies to all heavy- and light-duty gasoline-powered vehicles with the 

exception of vehicles less than 4 years old, which are exempt. Vehicle owners moving into the 

area must have their vehicles inspected prior to registration unless they are less than three years 

old. Other exempt vehicles are those older than model year 1975 with collector license plates, 

motorcycles, and hybrid and other alternatively-powered vehicles. Vehicles not exempt from the 

program are due for inspection every two years and when they change ownership.

The program emphasizes testing of exhaust emissions. Vehicles manufactured since 1982 

undergo testing of transient emissions on the IM240 cycle performed on chassis dynamometers.

Vehicles manufactured prior to 1982 are measured using a two-speed idle test. A scan of the onboard diagnostic (OBD) system is performed for vehicles manufactured since 1996 but is used 

for advisory purposes only, not for determining test results. The only program requirement 

specific to evaporative emissions is a test of gas-cap integrity. This test is performed for all 

vehicles manufactured since 1975.

In addition to these requirements, the program includes collection of remote-sensing 

measurements throughout the area on an ongoing basis. Vehicles receiving two such 

measurements rated as “clean” are exempted from their next routine I/M test. This “clean-screen” 

component reduces the demand on the I/M stations and saves time and money for the motorists. 

The Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE) has an interest in 

improving the methods available to identify vehicles with elevated evaporative emissions. Since 

2006, CDPHE and the Regional Air Quality Council (RAQC) have collaborated in a program to 

identify vehicles needing repairs to reduce their hydrocarbon emissions, using remote sensing as 

a screening tool. An unexpected result of the effort was the apparent ability of the RSD4000 

instrument to detect and identify vehicles with “elevated” evaporative emissions. Several such 

vehicles were found to pass IM240 final exhaust cutpoints but to have vapor or liquid leaks. 

Concurrently, EPA was engaged in development of the evaporative emissions 

components of the MOVES model, which involved updating the estimates of “leak frequencies” 

previously used in MOBILE6.

 4 The program is run by Envirotest Systems Corp., a subsidiary of Environmental Systems Products, Inc. (ESP), 

under contract to the State of Colorado.
2-4

As a result of these mutual interests, CDPHE and EPA entered into a Cooperative 

Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) to study evaporative emissions by developing 

measurement and screening procedures and applying them to assess evaporative emissions in the 

in-use fleet. Collaborative efforts under this agreement were pursued in Denver to capitalize on 

work already underway and to take advantage of research facilities and staff made available by 

CDPHE and ESP. In addition, existing contract relationships between CDPHE and ESP and 

between EPA and ERG facilitated the timely and cost-effective completion of this work, 

including the current project.

2.3 Measurement of Evaporative Emissions by Remote-Sensing

Remote sensing is a technique capable of obtaining a brief measurement of emissions 

from vehicles during normal operation, without the need to bring vehicles into the laboratory for 

more intensive or costly measurements. The instrument projects beams of infrared and ultraviolet 

light across a roadway at approximately the height of the tailpipe. When vehicles drive past the 

instrument and the beams pass through the emissions plume, the presence and concentration of 

exhaust gases (relative to that of CO2) is detected by attenuation of light energy by specific 

chemical species in the plume [11]. The technique typically detects carbon monoxide (CO), 

nitrogen oxides (as NO) and hydrocarbons (as propane or hexane equivalents). 

Since the late 1980’s this technique has been used to measure emissions for large and 

broad samples of vehicles from in-use fleets [12, 13]. Because of this capability, remote-sensing 

has been favored as a method to identify “high emitters” of exhaust pollutants. This project is the 

largest effort to date to investigate the use of remote sensing to screen for “high emitters” of 

evaporative emissions.

When the emission plume of a vehicle is measured by remote sensing, the vehicle is in 

the “operating” mode. Thus, evaporative emissions occurring at that time would be broadly 

classified as “running-loss.” Nevertheless, these emissions can occur through one or more of the 

processes described above (e.g., permeation, vapor venting, hot soak, etc). Generally, if leaks 

exist in the fuel or control systems, it is plausible that they would be evident during either 

“running-loss” or “hot-soak” conditions, depending on their location and size.

In 2006 and 2007, personnel at CDPHE found evidence suggesting that remote-sensing 

instruments could detect evaporative emissions and identify vehicles with “elevated” emissions. 

A simple, semi-quantitative follow-up experiment used an RSD4000 instrument with metered 

amounts of propane, unmetered amounts of liquid gasoline, and known concentrations of 

simulated exhaust from an “audit” truck. These results seemed to corroborate the claim that the 

remote-sensing instrument could identify vapor and liquid leaks. Results obtained from the audit 

truck showed that measurements for two “leak” conditions, “gas-cap removed” and “canister 

disconnected,” were approximately two and seven times higher than those for a “no problem” 

condition.

2.3.1 Development of Evaporative Screening Indices

Results of work with RSD3000 and RSD4000 instruments led to an initial conclusion that 

the 4000 series might be more effective in identifying evaporative hydrocarbons than the 3000 
2-5

series, due to a difference in way hydrocarbon concentrations were calculated from raw 

spectroscopic absorbances5. If this result held, it would suggest that obtaining measurements 

from both instruments would provide a means of isolating exhaust and evaporative emissions.

Additional experimentation was conducted to explore this possibility. An audit truck and 

several test vehicles were equipped to emit simulated running-losses, as well as simulated or 

actual exhaust emissions. Several thousand measurements were acquired from these vehicles 

under various test conditions including emissions type (propane, gasoline), point of release, 

release rate, vehicle speed, exhaust emissions level, and leak type. Results processed through 

both Method A and Method B showed that the remote sensing apparently could detect “runninglosses” but that the sensitivity of the approach was affected by vehicle speed, exhaust emissions, 

point of release, and other sources of random error. However, the overall result was that the 

quantity “A minus B” was identified as a potential running-loss “index,” or a measurement 

providing a quick and inexpensive estimate of evaporative emissions. The differences between 

these two methods are discussed below, as well as in Appendix A.

An “index” need not provide a precise measurement of emissions; it is only necessary 

that an index show a reasonable degree of correlation with evaporative emissions (as measured 

by more intensive methods). Subsequent efforts have explored various approaches to use remotesensing measurements to characterize evaporative emissions [1, 14] and to develop and evaluate 

additional measures that could serve as indices. Latter efforts have focused on patterns in 

hydrocarbon attenuation relative to those for CO2, which is produced only by combustion.

The remote-sensing technique assumes that exhaust gases exiting the tailpipe are well 

mixed and disperse into ambient air at the same rate. The instrument operates by measuring the 

attenuation of a beam of infrared or ultraviolet light by chemical species in the emissions plume 

(CO2, CO, NO, HC). For each vehicle, 50 attenuation measurements are captured at intervals of 

10 msec. If only exhaust emissions are present, and if background concentrations are negligible, 

the degree of attenuation for the several species measured remains roughly constant, even as the 

plume disperses and concentrations decline. Using an example from experimental work 

described above, Figure 2-1 shows time series for measurement of a plume containing only 

exhaust emissions. Despite differences in scaling, the four species follow similar relative trends 

over the time interval. 

If this assumption holds, plots of attenuation measurements for each species (ppm-cm)

against attenuation of CO2 (%-cm) should show a linear relationship with a low degree of 

variation around the trend. Experimental results show this to be the case, as shown in Figure 2-2.

The 4000/4600 series instruments correct for background concentrations in calculation of 

attenuation for each plume. In contrast to Method B, the calculation used in the 4000 series 

assumes that the attenuation trends of each emission vs. CO2 must pass through the origin.6

 5 The 3000 series uses a calculation method known as “Method B,” whereas the 4000 and 4600 series use an 

alternate approach known as “Method A.” Both methods use the same raw optical measurements as inputs, but 

report different concentrations. 6 This approach is known as “Method A.” The corresponding approach used in 3000 series instruments, “Method 

B,” allows non-zero intercepts for this regression.
2-6

Several proposed screening indices considered have relied on the assumption that when 

evaporative hydrocarbons as well as exhaust hydrocarbons are present in the exhaust plume, the 

time series for HC attenuation will differ from those for CO and NO. An implication of this 

result is that the trend of HC attenuation vs. CO2 attenuation will show a “high” degree of scatter, 

as assessed by examination of residuals of a simple least-square fit of HC vs. CO2 attenuation.

Experimental results displaying this pattern are shown in Figure 2-3.

Figure 2-1. Time Series for Attenuation Measurements with no Evaporative 

Emissions and Simulated Exhaust Hydrocarbon Emissions
2-7

Figure 2-2. Attenuation Measurements for Three Pollutants vs. Attenuation for 

CO2: Zero Evaporative Emissions and Simulated Exhaust Hydrocarbon Emissions

Figure 2-3. Time Series of Attenuation Measurements for Four Emission Species, 

with Simulated Evaporative (15 scfh) and Exhaust Emissions (1,100 ppm C3H8)

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

Time (msec)

Pollutant Absorbance

HC (ppm-cm) / 100

CO (%-cm)

CO2 (%-cm)

NOx (ppm-cm) / 100
2-8

2.3.2 A Screening Index for Evaporative Emissions (EI23 Bin)

The evaporative index applied in the current study is based on examination of residuals 

from a linear fit of HC attenuation against CO2 attenuation. As the twenty-third candidate index 

based on this principle, we refer to it as “EI23.” The largest residual is not used as it is 

considered more susceptible to random error. The mean of all residuals is not used as it is more 

susceptible to contamination from exhaust hydrocarbons in the plume. 

Evaluation of the performance of EI23 using experimental results showed that the index 

can detect high running-loss rates, but that its effectiveness as a predictive tool is affected by 

vehicle speed, exhaust hydrocarbon concentration, and other sources of variability inherent in 

remote-sensing measurements. Generally, the effectiveness of the index as a predictive tool 

declines: (1) with increasing vehicle speed, which tends to reduce all residuals, and (2) with 

increasing exhaust emissions, which can confound the evaporative component in the plume. 

Random error or “noise” also tends to confound the index as the index itself is premised on the 

assumption that the presence of evaporative hydrocarbons manifests as increased “error” in the 

attenuation trend. Pilot work has demonstrated that indices are more effective at detecting 

evaporative vapors when the vehicles’ speeds are “low” when passing the instrument. For this 

reason, every attempt was made to limit the speed of vehicles to about 12 mph when passing the 

instrument during collection of data intended for use in calculating EI23. The effect of vehicle 

speed on the index is discussed in Appendix A.

The index is calculated in a series of steps. For each set of raw spectroscopic

measurements, the first four measurements and any invalid measurements are deleted. An 

ordinary least-squares regression of HC attenuation vs. CO2 attenuation is performed on the 

remaining observations, and residuals are calculated for all measurements used in the linear fit. 

Note that this regression is similar to that used in Method B in that it allows non-zero intercepts, 

but different in that some absorbances are excluded. The number of residuals n is divided by 10 

and the result rounded to the nearest integer, designated as X. After sorting the absolute residuals 

by size from smallest to largest (retaining negative values), the Xth largest residual, which 

represents an approximation of the 90th percentile residual, is taken as the value of EI23. 

To address the effects of uncertainty in the index values introduced by vehicle speed and 

other factors additional steps are taken. The initial value of EI23 is transformed into logarithmic 

space, and a calculation made to account for the exhaust component in the plume. The result is 

assigned to one of seven classes in which class 1 and class 7 represent the lowest and highest 

levels of evaporative emissions, respectively. The transformed and classified values of EI23 were 

used as a screening index for this project and will be referred to as “EI23 Bin.” A detailed 

description of the calculation of EI23 and EI23 Bin is provided in Appendix A. 

2.3.3 Unequal Probability Sampling Using an Evaporative Index

Prior to the exploratory work initiated in Denver in 2008 [1], estimates of the fraction of 

“leaking” vehicles in the light-duty fleet (which would be expected to have elevated evaporative 

emissions) were on the order of 1/100 for the overall fleet, and lower for recently manufactured 

vehicles. If this estimate was correct, samples of vehicles drawn fully at random from the in-use 

fleet would need to be prohibitively large to access adequate samples of vehicles with 
2-9

evaporative “leaks.” For example, if the prevalence of “leaks” in a target fleet were 1% and 

assuming an owner response rate of 33% could be obtained, it would be necessary to solicit 

participation for 3,000 vehicles and to measure 1,000 vehicles to acquire a sample of 10 vehicles 

with evaporative “leaks.”

In this situation, in which the majority of vehicles are “clean” or “properly functioning” 

and the incidence of “leaks” is relatively rare, sampling with unequal probabilities based on a 

screening measure for evaporative emissions could greatly improve the efficiency with which

vehicles with “elevated” emissions could be identified for measurement. As described above, 

initial testing has demonstrated that a measure such as EI23 Bin, while not perfect, is associated 

with the probability that a vehicle has elevated evaporative emissions. In particular, EI23 Bin, 

which attempts to reduce EI23’s dependence on vehicle speed and exhaust HC concentration, 

can be used as a screening measure that can increase the likelihood that a sampled vehicle 

actually has high evaporative emissions. Accordingly, EI23 Bin was used to screen vehicles for 

purpose of sampling in this project, as described in the next section.

2.4 Glossary of Terms

As-received condition – The fuel type, fuel tank level, and repair condition of a test vehicle 

when it is recruited from the fleet. 

Audit truck – See RSD audit truck.

Background concentration – The concentration of a gas in the ambient air around a test vehicle.

Bench-purge – The process of back flushing the evaporative emissions control canister to 

remove adsorbed hydrocarbons by pulling ambient air through the canister using laboratory 

equipment rather than the vehicle’s emission control components. 

Bias – A systemic offset in measured vs. true values, caused by the experimental process.

CDPHE – Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment.

Canister – The device in an evaporative emissions control system that captures and stores 

evaporative emissions generated within the vehicle for later combustion by the engine. The 

canister typically contains activated carbon as an adsorbent.

Catalytic converter – A device located in a vehicle’s exhaust system that reduces the 

concentrations of combustion pollutants (usually HC, CO, and NOx emissions for gasolinefueled vehicles) through chemical reactions on the surface of a catalytic material.

Certification – The regulatory process by which newly developed prototype vehicles are tested 

for compliance with emissions regulations.

Chassis dynamometer – A laboratory apparatus that a vehicle can be operated on without the 

vehicle actually moving.
2-10

Clean-screening – A procedure or measurement that uses RSD or some other technique to select 

vehicles not likely to have elevated emissions.

CO2 absorbance – The amount of light absorbed by the CO2 in a particular volume of gas, and 

therefore does not pass through for detection.

Combustion stoichiometry – The ratios of reactants (e.g. fuel and air) and products (exhaust 

constituents) present in a combustion reaction.

CRC – Coordinating Research Council, an organization that sponsors research and 

communications for the automobile and oil industries.

Data packets – Templates used by project staff to both guide the test procedure and serve as a 

place to record relevant vehicle and test data.

Demographics – Statistical data concerning a population or subgroups of that population.

Detection limit – The lowest concentration of a substance that can be distinguished from an 

absence of that substance by an analytical process with some level of statistical confidence, 

generally 99%.

Diurnal – A daily process or event; in evaporative emissions it is a gradual warming and cooling 

of a vehicle fuel that simulates being parked outside during the daytime.

Diurnal heat builds – During evaporative emissions measurement, the artificial warming of an 

enclosure containing a test vehicle to simulate ambient diurnals.

Dynamometer – A device that allows a test vehicle to be driven over a variety of road loads and 

speeds while remaining stationary in a laboratory.

EI23 – The 23rd running-loss index created under ERG’s RSD evaporative emissions study, 

calculated based on a regression of the HC vs. CO2 concentration*pathlengths captured during an 

RSM.

EI23 Bin – A transformation of EI23 values that was created to reduce the dependence of EI23 

measurements on vehicle speed and exhaust hydrocarbon concentration.

Enhanced – The emissions certification standards for light-duty gasoline vehicles that were 

phased in during the 1996-1998 model years, were fully in place for the 1999-2003 model years, 

and were phased out during the 2004-2006 model years.

Enhanced I/M program – A type of Inspection and Maintenance program that meets the EPA 

designation of “enhanced” according to the Clean Air Act of 1990, including requirements for 

annual vehicle testing, dynamometer loading of test vehicles, and/or On-Board Diagnostic 

(OBD) testing.
2-11

EPA – U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

ERG – Eastern Research Group, Inc.

ESP – Environmental Systems Products, Inc.

ESP RSD4000/4600 instrument – A remote sensing device built by ESP and designed to 

measure exhaust emissions concentrations from gasoline vehicles. Designed to measure exhaust 

emissions concentrations using Method A, but with software modifications can simulate exhaust 

emissions measurements by Method B.

Evaporative emission control system – The group of devices and design properties of a vehicle 

that serve to prevent fuel vapors from escaping into the atmosphere.

Evaporative emissions – Unburned fuel that escapes into the atmosphere from a vehicle and 

does not get burned in the engine.

Evaporative emissions (Evap) index - A mathematical method for a measurement of 

evaporative emissions based on raw values collected during an RSD measurement.

Evaporative emissions mode – The operational condition of a vehicle in which evaporative 

emissions are released, either during operation (engine running), hot-soaking (engine recently 

turned off and still warm), or cold-soaking (engine off and at ambient temperature).

Evaporative emissions process – The method by which evaporative emissions are released from 

a vehicle into the atmosphere, either by direct vapor venting, permeation of components, or 

liquid fuel leaks.

Exhaust emissions – Emissions that are released primarily from a vehicle’s tailpipe.

Federal Test Procedure (FTP) – The process that must be followed to test a vehicle for exhaust 

and evaporative emissions in order to receive EPA certification for the sale of new vehicles.

FTP-specification – A test, laboratory configuration, or method that satisfies all of the 

requirements of the FTP, as given in Part 86 of the Code of Federal Regulations.

FTP-75 – The primary transient chassis dynamometer test cycle given in the FTP; a speed vs. 

time trace that is driven on a dynamometer for the measurement of vehicle emissions that 

simulates the vehicle traveling about 11 miles at approximately 21 mph. 

Fuel-delivery system – The group of components of a vehicle that are designed to store fuel and 

transport it to the engine for combustion.

g/Qhr – grams per quarter hour, grams per 15 minutes.
2-12

Gross liquid leakers – Vehicles that have extremely high evaporative emissions rates due to 

liquid leaks from their fuel systems.

HC – Hydrocarbon.

HC time trace – The 50 raw measurements of HC concentration*pathlength, taken periodically 

over the 0.5 s duration of an RSM.

HLDT – Heavy light-duty truck; a truck with a gross vehicle weight between 6,000 and 8,500 

lbs.

Hot-soak – The condition in which a vehicle’s engine has recently been switched off but still has 

an elevated temperature compared to ambient conditions.

I/M – Inspection/Maintenance. A program that attempts to reduce or maintain low emissions for 

vehicles in the fleet by identifying vehicles that have emissions higher than they were designed 

to emit and forcing them to be repaired.

I/M lane – A lane within an I/M station that is equipped with emissions-inspecting and/or safetyinspecting personnel and equipment.

I/M station – A facility with emissions and/or safety inspection personnel and equipment that is 

part of an I/M program.

IM240 – A specific 240 second transient chassis dynamometer driving schedule used to operate 

a vehicle for consistent testing of vehicle exhaust emissions.

Implanted leak – a liquid or vapor leak deliberately made to a test vehicle’s fuel metering or 

emission control systems for research purposes.

IR – Infra-red electromagnetic radiation.

LDGV – Light-duty gasoline vehicle.

LDT1 – Light-duty truck, category 1; a truck with less than 6000 lbs. gross vehicle weight and 

less than 3750 lbs. loaded vehicle weight.

LDT2 - Light-duty truck, category 2; a truck with less than 6000 lbs. gross vehicle weight and 

between 3750 and 5750 lbs. loaded vehicle weight.

Light-duty vehicle – A passenger car or passenger car derivative capable of seating 12 

pasengers or less.

MCM – Modified California Method; a method of inspecting the fuel handling system and 

evaporative emissions control system of a vehicle using visual, olfactory (smelling), and 

electronic HC detector.
2-13

Method A – An ESP method used by newer RSD units (ESP RSD4000 and RSD4600) to 

calculate exhaust emissions.

Method B – An ESP method used by older RSD units (ESP RSD3000) to calculate exhaust 

emissions. Newer ESP RSD units can be installed with software that can simulate the Method B 

calculations.

MOVES – Motor Vehicle Emissions Simulator; the most recent model used by EPA for the 

estimation of pollutant emissions from the national fleet of in-use vehicles.

NO – Nitric oxide; a combustion pollutant that typically makes up the majority of nitrogen 

oxides in gasoline vehicle exhaust and oxidizes to NO2 in the atmosphere.

Noise – Random variability that is introduced to the measured value from any of a variety of 

sources. In general, noise degrades the detection limit of an analytical system.

NO2 – Nitrogen dioxide; a toxic gas and a combustion pollutant that typically makes up a small 

part of nitrogen oxides in gasoline vehicle exhaust.

NOx – Nitrogen oxides; in exhaust, the sum of NO, NO2 , and other lower-concentration 

nitrogen/oxygen compounds.

Olfactory inspection –The process of searching for evaporative emissions based on smell.

OBD - On-board diagnostics; an automotive system with the ability to continually track the 

functionality of emissions control and other components and alert the driver or vehicle inspector 

when a problem is found.

ORVR – On-board refueling vapor recovery; an evaporative emissions control system that 

captures fuel vapors that are displaced during vehicle refueling; also a test procedure in the FTP 

that measures the system’s effectiveness.

Offgassing / offgassed – The emissions of hydrocarbons from non-fuel related and solid sources 

such as plastics and rubber.

Oxygenates – Fuel additives that contain oxygen, such as alcohols and ethers, which reduce CO 

formation during combustion.

Pathlength – The linear distance through a medium that a light beam must travel; in this study, 

the distance between the emitter and detector units of the RSD which was effectively twice the 

distance across the vehicle measurement lane.

Permeation – The seeping of hydrocarbon through its containment vessel, either fuel hose, tank, 

or other solid fuel system component; one of the evaporative emissions processes.
2-14

Precision – A quantification of the repeatability or reproducibility of a particular measurement 

process.

Pre-enhanced – The emissions certification standards for light-duty gasoline vehicles that were 

in force before the enhanced standards. Pre-enhanced standards were fully in place for the 1981-

1995 model years, and were phased out during the 1996-1998 model years.

PSHED – A portable SHED. A portable version of the SHED developed for low cost and field 

deployment.

RSD – Remote Sensing Device. Instrumentation that uses a light beam shining across the road to 

measure the near-instantaneous emissions of the vehicle as it drives past the instrument.

RSD attenuation data – The time series of measured light concentration*pathlength values of 

HC, CO, NO, and CO2 in the vehicle plume measured each 10ms over the 0.5 second duration of 

an RSM.

RSD audit truck – A truck used to test RSD instruments by presenting them with synthetic 

exhaust emissions with known concentrations. These exhaust emissions are commonly produced 

by the release of dry bottled gas through a simulated tailpipe while the real engine exhaust is 

routed through a real tailpipe high over the cab so that they do not enter the RSD light beam. 

RSM – remote-sensing measurement.

Running-loss – Evaporative emissions that occur while a vehicle is operating.

RVP – Reid vapor pressure; a measure of the volatility of gasoline at 100°F.

SAS – Statistical Analysis System.

scfh – Standard cubic feet per hour. A unit for volumetric gas flow at standard temperature and 

pressure.

Seal barometric pressure – The ambient barometric pressure at the time that the PSHED door 

was closed and sealed with the test vehicle inside the PSHED.

Seal temperature – The temperature of the air inside the PSHED at the time that the PSHED 

door was closed and sealed with the test vehicle inside the PSHED.

SHED – Sealed Housing for Evaporative Determination. A special enclosure used to measure 

evaporative emissions of a vehicle by placing the vehicle in the enclosure and measuring the 

concentration of emissions building up in the enclosure’s air.

“Sniffer” – An electronic device for detecting HC vapor; used in the MCM procedure.
2-15

Spitback – The quantity of liquid fuel that is ejected during filling as the tank approaches full 

capacity; a procedure in the FTP that measures for this quantity at a certain specified fill rate.

Tier 2 – The set of vehicle emissions standards and test practices mandated by EPA that was 

phased in during 2004-2006 model years and was fully in effect beginning in 2007.

Two-speed-idle test – An exhaust emissions concentration test, typically performed by enhanced 

I/M stations on vehicles that cannot be tested on a chassis dynamometer, that involves measuring 

HC and CO emissions at low and medium engine speeds with the vehicle stationary and in 

neutral.

Unequal probability sampling – A type of selection in which individuals from a population do 

not all have the same likelihood of selection.

UV – Ultra-violet electromagnetic radiation.

VDF – The unique serial number given to each RSM by a particular RSD unit, usually reset to 1 

at the beginning of each test day.

Vehicle Emissions Control Information (VECI) Label – An under-hood placard containing a 

summary of the emissions standards that the vehicle meets, along with its engine and evaporative 

emissions control system family codes.

VECI engine family – The engine family as shown on the VECI label.

VECI evap family – The evaporative emissions control system family as shown on the VECI 

label.

VECI model year – The model year of the emissions control standards that the engine was 

certified to as shown on the VECI label.

Vehicle specific power (VSP) – A quantification of the power output of a vehicle divided by its 

weight in order to compare engine output levels among different types of vehicles; usually 

expressed in units of kW/Mg.

Vehicle conditioning – The process of operating a vehicle over a known and repeatable cycle 

with the intent of ensuring that each test vehicle has similar levels of evaporative canister loading 

as well as stabilized engine temperatures.

VIN – For 1981 and newer vehicles a 17-digit alpha-numeric string that contains encoded 

information about the make, model, model year, engine, manufacturer and other vehicle 

information. VINs are unique to individual vehicles. Before 1981 VINs did not have a 

standardized format among all manufacturers.
2-16

VIN stem – The first through ninth plus eleventh characters of a 1981 or newer VIN. The VIN 

stem is not unique to an individual vehicle but does contain the encoded information about make, 

model, model year, engine, manufacturer, and other vehicle information.

Visual inspection – The process of a technician looking at vehicle components for presence or 

damage; I/M inspections include a visual inspection for the presence of a catalytic converter, and 

the MCM includes visual inspection for liquid leaks or fuel stains.
3-1

3.0 Methods

3.1 Project Goals

The substantive goal of the project is to estimate the cumulative distributions of 

evaporative emissions in the light-duty vehicle and light-duty truck fleets. For a given definition 

of “elevated” emissions, defined as hot-soak emissions for this project, the distributions indicate 

the frequencies of vehicles expected to meet these emission characteristics. These distributions 

are to be estimated for a set of model-year groups representing important combinations of fueldelivery systems technology and evaporative emissions standards.

In conducting this work, there were two methodological goals. One methodological goal 

was to apply cost-effective and efficient methods of measuring evaporative emissions. A second 

methodological goal was to apply a screening method to improve the efficiency of identifying 

and sampling vehicles with “elevated” evaporative emissions.

3.1.1 Key Variables

For purposes of the project, the term “evaporative emissions” denotes the mass of 

hydrocarbons measured during a specified period of time during which the engine is hot after 

operation but is not running, i.e., “hot-soak” emissions. Additionally, “elevated” emissions are 

defined as emissions exceeding a specified rate for the measurement technique used. However, 

as will be discussed, the frequency of “elevated” emissions depends on the threshold or 

thresholds used, i.e., frequencies increase as the threshold decreases. For this project, emissions 

were measured as the mass of hydrocarbon vapor measured during a 15-minute hot-soak in an 

enclosed space (g/Qhr). 

3.1.2 Target Population and Sampled Fleet

The population of vehicles targeted by the study includes gasoline-fueled light-duty 

vehicles (LDV) and light-duty trucks (LDT)s manufactured between 1960 and 2010 and 

operating in the Denver metropolitan area. Vehicle classes considered eligible for measurement 

included LDV, LDT1, and LDT2, due to size limitations in the measurement enclosure.

The pool of vehicles available for sampling and measurement includes privately-owned 

vehicles entering the Ken Caryl Station to undergo maintenance inspections for purposes of 

vehicle registration during the months of July-September, 2009.

7

Note that the pool of vehicles entering the station does not include vehicles exempted 

from inspection through the City’s “clean-screen” program. On an ongoing basis, remote-sensing 

measurements are conducted on vehicles traveling throughout the city. A vehicle receiving two 

or more measurements rated as “clean” is exempted from its next emissions inspection. It is 

estimated that 30-40% of vehicles are exempted from inspection through the clean-screen 

program.

 7 Measurements were conducted between June 29 and September 4, 2009.
3-2

3.2 Screening, Sampling, and Recruitment

3.2.1 Sampling

As vehicles entered the I/M station, they were sampled with “probability proportional to 

evaporative index” (ppEI). The index used was “EI23 Bin.” When vehicles entered the station,

they passed a remote-sensing instrument operating in the driveway. A sign instructed drivers to 

come to a stop about 40 feet before the remote-sensing unit and then to accelerate past the van. 

As each vehicle passed, instrumentation measured its emissions, speed, and acceleration. After 

passing the instruments, each vehicle joined a queue of vehicles awaiting their inspections or 

parking in the station parking area to the northwest of the driveway.

After obtaining a measurement for each vehicle, an algorithm immediately assigned each 

vehicle to an EI23 Bin. Vehicles assigned to the lowest and highest Bins (Bin 1 and Bin 7, 

respectively) are expected to have the lowest and highest probabilities of having elevated

evaporative emissions. 

Concurrently, a random number generator in the remote-sensing software determined 

whether each vehicle was drawn into the sample. Each EI23 Bin was assigned a specific 

sampling fraction, with the lowest bins sampled at low rates and the highest three bins sampled 

“with certainty.” The sampling fractions for the index bins are shown in Table 3-1. Since each 

vehicle was drawn into a bin with a known sampling fraction, the fractions can be used during 

analysis to relate the results to the fleet from which they were drawn.

In addition, as a standard step in remote-sensing, an estimate of vehicle-specific power 

(VSP) was calculated for each vehicle using its speed and acceleration. The VSP value 

represents the tractive power exerted by the vehicle against the road surface at the time of 

measurement, normalized by the vehicle’s weight. A mild acceleration as vehicles pass the 

sensor is considered the optimal condition for acquiring remote-sensing measurements, 

interpreted as a VSP range of 5-30 kW/Mg. If this criterion was met, the vehicle was targeted for 

recruitment if it was also drawn into the sample. Vehicles with VSP values outside this range 

were not recruited, even if they were “sample hits,” as their values of the index were not 

considered reliable. 

Table 3-1. Sampling Fractions by EI23 Bin

EI23 Bin Sampling Fraction

1 0.06

2 0.06

3 0.06

4 0.30

5 1.0

6 1.0

7 1.0

Figure 3-1 shows a typical remote-sensing unit set-up – although this photograph was 

taken at Lipan Street I/M station. The photograph shows the remote-sensing van, the 

source/detector module and retro-reflector on the left and right sides of the driveway. The 
3-3

speed/acceleration measurement components are located about six feet up-traffic from the 

remote-sensing unit. A video camera is located about 30 feet to the rear of the van to obtain 

digital photographs of the vehicle and license plate images from the rear. Traffic cones direct 

control the flow and speed of vehicles as they drive through the RSD measuring area. These 

components were set up similarly at Ken Caryl station.

Figure 3-1. Remote-Sensing Van and Instruments in Operation

3.2.2 Recruitment

If a vehicle was targeted, a recruiter visited with the driver and briefly described the 

nature of the project as well as rental car availability and the cash incentive. At this time, the 

recruiter also completed the first page of the data packet (see page C-1 of Appendix C), taking 

down information including the vehicle make, model, color, and license plates. During this 

meeting with the driver, the recruiter determined whether the vehicle was eligible to participate 

in the study (see page C-2 of Appendix C). The primary reason why vehicles were considered 

ineligible was that they were too large to fit into the measurement enclosure. If the vehicle was 

found to be eligible, the recruiter then asked the driver to participate. If the vehicle was ineligible 

or if the driver chose not to participate, the meeting was concluded and the vehicle released. 

If the driver agreed to participate in the study, the recruiter completed the driver 

questionnaire with the participant (see page C-3 of Appendix C) while the vehicle concurrently 

went through the I/M lane for its inspection. If the driver had come to the I/M station for 

business other than an inspection, the vehicle was still eligible as the occurrence of the inspection 

was incidental to this project. The recruiter then issued a rental car to the participant, if desired, 

and estimated the time when testing would be complete to allow the participant to plan 

accordingly (see page C-4 of Appendix C). 
3-4

3.3 Vehicle Inspection (The “Modified California Method”)

Following sampling and recruitment, the fuel-delivery and evaporative-control systems of 

each vehicle were inspected. This type of investigation consisted of a visual and olfactory 

inspection of each vehicle, supplemented by the use of a handheld instrument capable of 

detecting hydrocarbon vapors, i.e., a “sniffer.” A staff member inspected the gas cap and fuel 

filler, the fuel tank and lines under the vehicle, engine components under the hood, and the 

evaporative emissions control system, including canister, vapor lines, and any other accessible 

component. A portion of the inspection was conducted with the engine running and the 

remainder with the engine off. Inspectors recorded any observations concerning detection of 

vapors or liquid fuel, whether detected visually, by smell or by the detector (see page C-6 of 

Appendix C). This procedure, known as the “Modified California Method” (MCM)8

, was 

performed to enable follow-up investigation of measurements obtained from the sample of 

recruited vehicles.

The device used was the Combustible Gas Detector (Snap-On Tools, Stock# ACT790),

shown in Figure 3-2. The unit can be used to detect the presence of hydrocarbon vapors in the 

immediate vicinity of the probe. Detectable compounds include acetylene, methane, ethane, 

propane, isobutene, hydrogen, acetone, methanol, and gasoline. The battery-operated unit uses a 

solid electrolyte to detect hydrocarbons with a propane sensitivity of < 10 ppm, although the 

detection is mostly qualitative, not quantitative (i.e., three levels of sensitivity are reported).

Figure 3-2. Hydrocarbon Vapor Detector

 8

 The “Original California Method” included only visual and olfactory inspections; the method is considered 

“modified” primarily due to inclusion of the hydrocarbon detector.
3-5

The MCM Inspection consisted of the following steps:

With engine warmed up and running:

• Inspect the seal of the gas cap to the filler neck flange.

• Inspect underbody fuel delivery and return lines.

• Inspect bottom of fuel pump. 

• Inspect pressure line from fuel pump to fuel metering assembly.

• Inspect in-line fuel filter (if so equipped).

• Inspect fuel inlet to carburetor or fuel rail.

• Inspect fuel rail and fuel rail connectors (if so equipped).

• Inspect individual fuel injectors (if so equipped).

• Check floor under vehicle for any sign of fuel accumulation.

With the engine turned off:

• Check fuel fill pipe, particularly around joint to tank.

• Check bottom of tank, particularly around rust spots, mounting straps, and any 

spots showing road damage.

• Check any non-OEM installations (particularly second fuel tank add-ons) that 

merit close inspection.

During and after the inspection, the inspector noted the components that appeared to be 

sources of hydrocarbon vapors, classifying each in terms of its relative severity. Also, the 

inspector noted whether detected sources involved loss of fuel vapor or liquid fuel, and if 

possible, whether the mechanism of loss involved expulsion or permeation. Because the MCM 

was conducted in two steps with the engine running and then turned off, the inspection was 

intended to find sources of both running-loss and hot-soak emissions. As the MCM inspection 

took place in the open I/M station it was subject to the ambient conditions of the outdoor air. Due 

to its nature, and lack of access to components and connections in very confined or inaccessible 

areas, the inspection could not identify or isolate every source of hydrocarbon vapors.

3.4 Measuring Hot-Soak Emissions (portable SHED)

In the laboratory, a facility designed for measurement of evaporative emissions is 

designated as a “Sealed Housing for Evaporative Determination” (SHED). The enclosure allows 

for measurement of hydrocarbon emissions from a stationary vehicle. During measurement, the 

engine may be running or off, and hot or cold (hot-soak or cold-soak). A laboratory SHED, 

capable of complying with the federal test procedure for evaporative emissions certification9

, is 

expensive to build, maintain, and operate. Laboratory SHEDs are typically used for assessment 

of hot-soak and diurnal emissions.

For purposes of this project, a more practical and cost-effective approach was devised to 

enable timely measurement of the relatively large sample of vehicles included in the study. The 

basis of the approach adopted is a “portable” or “temporary” vehicle shelter tent. The tent used 

had nominal dimensions of 20’0” long × 10’8” wide × 9’9” high, giving an internal volume of 

 9 As specified in 40 CFR Part 86, Subpart B.
3-6

approximately 1,788 ft3. The enclosure did not have a floor or well-sealed joints where the 

different pieces of fabric met. For this study, project staff placed sheet plastic on the floor and 

across fabric joints and sealed the plastic to the enclosure fabric with duct tape. Additionally, a 

removable sheet of plastic was used for a second layer on the floor. This sheet was checked 

between tests to ensure that no fluid leaks caused increases in background concentrations and to 

prevent damage caused by vehicles driving in and out. The background concentration was 

monitored between tests to detect additional sources of hydrocarbon vapors. As necessary, the 

flooring sheet was cleaned if such sources were identified. This enclosure will be referred to as 

the “portable SHED” (PSHED).

To promote mixing of air and vapors throughout the enclosure and reliable measurement 

of vapor concentrations, two 10-inch diameter floor fans were used along with one 20-inch box 

fan. The smaller fans were located coaxially in series at the top of the enclosure returning air 

backwards over the top of the vehicle, and the box fan was located behind the vehicle facing 

forward, directing air under the center rear of the vehicle. The adequacy of air circulation was 

confirmed by monitoring the time dependence of hydrocarbon concentrations during releases of 

propane inside the enclosure.

The PSHED was instrumented to continuously measure hydrocarbon concentrations, 

temperature, and barometric pressure. The HC analyzer and control software dedicated to the 

I/M lane housing the PSHED were modified to read the HC concentration in the enclosure. 

Sensors for temperature and pressure were also plumbed into the lane’s control computer to 

facilitate the density calculations required to convert relative HC concentration (ppm) to HC 

mass (g). Each PSHED test produced a separate data file including a time series for HC 

concentration, temperature, and ambient barometric pressure.

After the PSHED was constructed, calibration procedures were followed to verify that it 

functioned properly. Background HC checks were performed to measure the hydrocarbons offgassed from the enclosure components into the enclosed air. In this test, the PSHED was closed 

with no vehicle inside and the HC concentration measured over time. An additional calibration 

test involved measurement of vapor retention and recovery within the PSHED. This test 

measures both leakage and the ability of the HC analyzer to accurately detect vapors inside the 

enclosure. In this test, a known quantity of propane was injected and then measured by the HC 

analyzer over time for verification. 

Figure 3-3 shows the PSHED with its door open and ventilating in preparation for a test.

Note the floor fan used to circulate air beneath the vehicle during the test. The two smaller fans 

mounted to the ceiling are not visible. Also note that the PSHED is itself indoors to reduce 

effects of direct sunlight and other weather elements on equipment and measurements.
3-7

Figure 3-3. Portable SHED (PSHED) with Door Open

3.4.1 Performance

The PSHED and the test procedure used in this project was designed to mimic the hotsoak portion of the Federal Test Procedure (FTP) used for emissions certification. The full FTP 

requires several days to conduct conditioning, refueling, and specific tests of diurnal, hot-soak 

and hot-running emissions. The PSHED procedures resemble the hot-soak portion of the FTP, 

and were designed to facilitate rapid and cost-effective measurement of emissions from large 

numbers of vehicles within the I/M facility. Several aspects of the performance of the PSHED

are described below.

Accuracy. The accuracy of the PSHED value can be estimated from the retention and 

recovery tests performed twice a day during field measurements. An analysis of retention and 

recovery results from the Lipan Street I/M station pilot study revealed that the average recovery 

of a known amount of propane was 97.6% with a standard deviation of 3.3%. After 15 minutes 

the average retention was 95.7% with a standard deviation of 2.3%. Thus, typical accuracies 

were in the range of 91 to 104% for the 15-minute hot-soak measurement period.

Precision. The standard deviations of the retention and recovery tests give an indication 

of the precision of measurements within the PSHED. Standard deviations of 2.3 to 3.3% seem to 

be typical. While, these values are derived from propane injected into the empty PSHED, rather 

than to actual measurements on sampled vehicles, they provide an estimate of measurement 

variability attributable to the construction of the enclosure. Additional estimates of uncertainty 

due to measurement variability arising from other sources were assessed through data on repeat 

measurements in laboratory SHEDs (LSHED) and PSHEDs [15]. See Appendix D for 

comparison of PSHED and LSHED data.
3-8

Limit of Quantitation. The hot-soak measurement in the PSHED was obtained from a 

cumulative time series of concentrations with a vehicle inside. Off-gassing tests were also made 

by monitoring the PSHED HC concentration over a period of time when a vehicle was not inside. 

Examination of the HC time series from the off-gassing tests and the background measurements 

in the few minutes before a vehicle was placed into the PSHED indicates that the enclosure is 

capable of quantifying a change in vapor concentrations over 15 minutes equivalent to a mass 

rate of approximately 0.01 g/Qhr or more.

Bias. To assess correspondence between PSHED and LSHED measurements, CDPHE 

staff measured hot-soak emissions from 15 vehicles over a 15-minute period in both enclosures. 

An analysis of data is included in Appendix D. It shows that the PSHED tends to show a slight 

negative bias relative to the LSHED. This result appears to agree with the tendency of the 

retentions and recoveries of the PSHED to be less than 100%. In any case, the PSHED serves as 

a reasonable surrogate for the LSHED in that the correlation between PSHED and LSHED is 

approximately as high as that seen between repeat measurements in either the PSHED or the 

LSHED.

3.5 Procedure

After a vehicle was recruited, the following procedure was followed. The steps are 

summarized in Figure 3-4.

• Check gas cap – After the I/M test was complete, which included a gas cap 

pressure check, project staff checked that the vehicle gas cap was installed 

properly and tightly. 

• Condition in I/M Lane – For conditioning, the vehicles were driven over two 

consecutive IM240 cycles on the dynamometer in the unused lane of the station; 

emissions of the vehicle were not measured during these cycles. If the lane was 

not available, or if the vehicle was all-wheel drive or had permanent traction 

control, a member of the staff drove the vehicle on the road for approximately 10 

minutes on Kipling Parkway. 

• Perform MCM Inspection – The vehicle was then immediately moved to a 

reserved location in the building without turning off the engine. The vehicle was 

parked and staff member performed an initial inspection, following the “Modified 

California Method,” as described above. This step included a visual inspection of 

the evaporative and fuel systems as well as the air surrounding these components 

with a hydrocarbon vapor detection tool, or “sniffer.” The inspector followed a 

checklist in the data packet as a guide (see page C-10 of Appendix C). The 

inspector made notes describing unusual findings, including components that 

could not be located. 
3-9

Figure 3-4. Procedure for Sampling, Recruitment, and Testing 

at Ken Caryl Station
3-10

• Record Vehicle Information – The inspector then recorded detailed vehicle 

information such as the vehicle identification number (VIN), engine and 

evaporative families, and the fuel level (see page C-12 of Appendix C). Finally, a 

staff member took digital pictures of the front and rear of the vehicle, the VIN, 

and the under-hood emissions family (VECI) label. The front and rear pictures 

included both the license plate as well as a board displaying the packet ID number 

to positively connect the vehicle pictures to the corresponding data packet. 

• Condition on the Road – Following the inspection, the vehicle was driven over a 

specified drive route to stabilize the engine at operating temperature. The route 

took approximately 15 minutes and is shown in Figure 3-5. During the 

conditioning run, additional remote-sensing measurements were obtained on each 

vehicle. However, these measurements were not used in the analysis and are not 

discussed further.

• Ventilate PSHED – While the vehicle was on the conditioning route, the PSHED

was opened with the fans circulating to minimize background HC levels by 

flushing vapors remaining from the previous vehicle. 

• Warm up vehicle – When the vehicle returned from its conditioning run, it was 

brought to the PSHED entrance with the engine running.

• Initiate PSHED software – The operator started the SHED test procedure in the 

software and recorded the time, HC concentration, temperature, and ambient 

barometric pressure as “Initial PSHED” conditions in the data packet (see page C16 of Appendix C). The operator started continuous (1 Hz) electronic data 

collection through the modified I/M lane analyzer and software. 

• Bring the vehicle into the PSHED – The driver drove the vehicle toward the 

PSHED entrance and shut off the engine prior to entering. The driver then coasted 

into the PSHED and stopped when the door could be closed behind the vehicle. 

The operator placed the box fan behind the vehicle facing forward. Concurrently, 

the driver quickly exited the vehicle and assisted the operator in zipping the door 

shut and attaching a magnetic flap at the bottom of the door. The operator 

recorded the time, HC concentration, temperature, and ambient barometric 

pressure as “Door Sealed” conditions in the data packet.

• Perform Hot-Soak Test – The vehicle was left to soak in the PSHED for 15 

minutes. Conditions within the enclosure including the hydrocarbon concentration 

were measured continuously at 1 Hz during this period. 

• Record final conditions – After the hot-soak was complete at 900 seconds after 

sealing the door, the operator recorded the HC concentration, temperature, and 

pressure inside the PSHED as the “Final PSHED” conditions in the data packet. 

The software then calculated the total mass of hydrocarbons released by the 

vehicle during the 900-second period. The hot-soak value for each vehicle was 
3-11

calculated as the difference in hydrocarbon concentration observed over the 900 

sec period following the “door sealed” point. 

• Remove vehicle – The PSHED was then opened, the vehicle driven out, and fans 

left circulating in order to ventilate the PSHED for the next test vehicle. 

• Repeat Tests – If a problem was encountered with the measurement systems 

during the PSHED test, the vehicle was conditioned again over duplicate I/M240s 

and tested again. Such problems were uncommon. 

• Release the Vehicle – The final step of the process for most vehicles was meeting 

with the driver again, paying the incentive, receiving the rental car if loaned, and 

returning the keys and vehicle to the driver.

Figure 3-5. Conditioning Route and Locations of Remote-Sensing Instruments

The data collection process occupied two lanes of the I/M station. Figure 3-6 shows the

lanes that were used for vehicle warm-up/conditioning on the dynamometer, the inspection, and 

the PSHED. The two leftmost lanes in the photograph were those that were in use for the I/M 

inspections.
3-12

Figure 3-6. Study Layout at Ken Caryl Station

3.6 Vehicle Repairs

Twenty-one vehicles with elevated PSHED results were selected to have repairs 

performed. For these vehicles, the owner was notified that the vehicle had indications of an 

evaporative emissions system malfunction and that the vehicle could be sent to a professional 

mechanic for repair. These repairs were paid for by the Regional Air Quality Council (RAQC) as 

a part of its work in finding cost-effective measures to improve the Denver area’s air quality. The 

decision to offer repairs to participants was typically made by on-site CDPHE staff with an eye 

toward cost-effectiveness and the probability of the repair resulting in long-term reduced 

evaporative emissions from the vehicle. In general, vehicles were considered for repair if their 

PSHED result exceeded 2.5 g/Qhr. Project staff explained the repair process to participants, who 

then had the option to allow their vehicle to go out for repair or to take back possession of their 

vehicles and conclude their participation in the program. 

If the participant agreed to allow the vehicle to be repaired, project staff contacted one of 

the mechanics in the group chosen by RAQC and CDPHE. The vehicle was delivered to or 

picked up by the mechanic and an estimate was provided for repair. If CDPHE staff deemed the 
3-13

repair to be reasonable, the vehicle was fixed and the mechanic paid by the RAQC. After the 

vehicle was returned to the I/M station, the repair was evaluated by conditioning the vehicle on 

the dynamometer with two IM240 drives and then performing after-repair duplicate Driveway 

RSMs and an after-repair PSHED test. The difference between the before- and after-repair 

PSHED test results for each vehicle gave an indication of the effectiveness of the repair. The

specific results of the repair evaluation, including the after-repair PSHED measurements, are 

outside of the scope of this report, and because there were only a small number of vehicles 

repaired, the repair procedure was not included in the flowchart in Figure 3-4. 

3.7 Data Quality-Control Procedures

A paper data packet (Appendix C) was started for each vehicle to be recruited. Each 

packet was labeled with a unique identification number. Packets and packet numbers were 

assigned to solicitations that resulted in non-participants as well as those that resulted in 

participants. Occasionally, vehicles were selected more than once by the Driveway RSD unit. In 

those cases, an individual vehicle had more than one packet assigned to it. 

Information about each vehicle was recorded in the packet. For non-participating 

vehicles, the packet information included the recruiter contact date and time, remote-sensing 

measurements, and EI23 Bin, as well as vehicle information such as make, model, model year, 

license plates, and study eligibility status (see page C-1and C-2 of Appendix C). For 

participating vehicles, additional detailed information was recorded in the packet, including 

vehicle history, conditioning information, I/M gas cap inspection result, inspection results and

PSHED results. A total of 569 Packet ID Numbers were created.

The paper data packets were transcribed into an Excel spreadsheet that included all 

available information for each packet ID number. This spreadsheet was then read into SAS 

format as the foundation of a database for the study.

A paper log was maintained by the operators of each remote-sensing unit. Each 

participating vehicle that passed the unit was recorded in the paper log, including date, time, rear 

license plate, make and model. The logs were transcribed and read into SAS format. The log data

was matched to the packet data, and any disagreement between the two (such as differing license 

plates, or incorrect dates or times) was investigated and resolved. The investigation included (as 

needed) inspection of photographs of the rear of each vehicle, inspection photos of the vehicle, 

VIN, and VECI label, and the original paper packet and log sheets.

The data file containing all remote-sensing observations was read into SAS format and 

merged with the packet and RSD log. Again, any discrepancies were investigated and resolved.

All I/M inspection records for the Ken Caryl station for the dates of this study were 

obtained and read into SAS. These were matched to the packet, remote-sensing log, and remotesensing data, and again any discrepancies were investigated and resolved.

At this point, a complete database had been created, containing all vehicle information, 

remote-sensing information, gas-cap result, inspection results, PSHED, and IM240 results, for 

each vehicle with a packet ID number.
3-14
4-1

4.0 Analysis

4.1 Data Examination

During the project, nearly 6,000 vehicles entering Ken Caryl station were screened. In 

Table 4-1, the screening results for the entire set are tabulated by model-year group. The 

majority of vehicles were in the 1996-2003 model-year group (57%), although substantial 

fractions were in the 1981-1995 and 2004-2010 model-year groups (24% and 17%, respectively). 

Not unexpectedly, vehicles manufactured prior to 1980 formed a small fraction of incoming 

vehicles (1.6%). 

From the set of screened vehicles, 550 individual vehicles were targeted for solicitation 

for evaporative emissions measurement. These vehicles fell into three groups: 50 ineligible 

vehicles, 325 eligible non-participating vehicles, and 175 participating vehicles. Thus, these 

counts indicate that 35% (=175/500) of eligible vehicles participated in the intensive evaporative 

emissions testing.

Ineligible Vehicles – Ineligibility was determined at the time of solicitation by the 

recruiter in consultation with other members of the project staff. The reasons for ineligibility 

were “Too Big” (26 vehicles), “Heavy-Duty” (1 vehicle), “Motorhome” (19 vehicles), and “ESP 

employee10” (4 vehicles). The “Too Big,” “Heavy-Duty,” and “Motorhome” vehicles were 

ineligible because they would not be able to fit inside the PSHED. Occasionally, the vehicles of 

ESP employees assisting with the project would be targeted by the remote-sensing unit as they 

entered the I/M station grounds. Since these vehicles were not vehicles entering the station for an 

inspection, they were not considered eligible for solicitation.

Eligible Non-Participants – A subset of vehicles designated as “Commercial Vehicle” 

(1 vehicle), “Dealer” (7 vehicles), “Fleet Vehicle” (3 vehicles), “Not Owner” (10 vehicles) were 

not included in the study even though the project staff considered them eligible. “Dealer” 

vehicles were brought to the I/M station for inspection by an automobile dealer. “Not Owner” 

vehicles were driven by a party other than the owner who was not comfortable committing the 

vehicle to the project. The drivers of the remaining 304 eligible not-participating vehicles chose 

not to participate for a variety of reasons.

Participants – Table 4-2 and Table 4-3 show the distributions of EI23 Bin by model year 

group for the 500 eligible vehicles and 175 participants, respectively. Both tables show that 

vehicles in older model-year groups tend to have higher index values than those in newer modelyear groups. Figure 4-1 and Figure 4-2 show the model-year distributions of the sets of eligible 

and participating vehicles, respectively. The figures show that sixteen MY 2006-2009 vehicles 

were eligible, but none of the owners of those vehicles chose to participate. In the analysis that 

follows, the 2004-2010 model year group is represented by the 13 vehicles in MY 2004-2005.

Eligible vehicles in the 2004-2005 model year group assigned to EI23 Bins 4 and 5 did not 

participate.

 10 The inspection and maintenance program is run by Environmental Systems Products (ESP) under contract to the 

State of Colorado.
4-2

Table 4-1. Screening Index (EI23 Bin) by Model-Year Group 

for Screened Vehicles

EI23 Bin Model Year Group Total 1961-1970 1971-1980 1981-1995 1996-2003 2004-2010

1 0 5 227 761 247 1,240

2 3 14 482 1,425 456 2,380

3 4 14 395 911 285 1,609

4 5 16 150 187 33 391

5 4 7 67 19 4 101

6 2 6 33 19 0 60

7 2 9 30 8 0 49

Total 20 71 1,384 3,330 1,025 5,830

Table 4-2. Screening Index (EI23 Bin) by Model-Year Group 

for Eligible Vehicles in the Sample

EI23 Bin Model Year Group Total 1961-1970 1971-1980 1981-1995 1996-2003 2004-2010

1 0 0 10 41 12 63

2 1 0 27 69 28 125

3 0 0 28 36 20 84

4 2 4 38 38 7 89

5 4 4 36 12 3 59

6 2 6 22 15 0 45

7 1 3 26 5 0 35

Total 10 17 187 216 70 500

Table 4-3. Screening Index (EI23 Bin) by Model-Year Group 

for Participating Vehicles

EI23 Bin Model Year Group Total 1961-1970 1971-1980 1981-1995 1996-2003 2004-2010

1 0 0 5 17 3 25

2 0 0 11 24 6 41

3 0 0 12 9 4 25

4 1 0 9 10 0 20

5 2 3 14 5 0 24

6 1 2 9 6 0 18

7 0 2 15 5 0 22

Total 4 7 75 76 13 175
4-3

Figure 4-1. Model-Year Distribution for Eligible Vehicles

Figure 4-2. Model-Year Distribution for Participating Vehicles
4-4

Cumulative distributions of the raw unweighted PSHED results by model-year group for 

the 175 participants are shown in Figure 4-3. The scale on the x-axis shows that the fractions of 

vehicles interpreted as having “high” emissions depends on the values assigned as threshold(s). 

Note that these distributions do not reflect the effects of unequal-probability sampling or 

differential response rates. Therefore, these distributions cannot be taken as representative of the 

fleet sampled. The process involved in incorporating these factors is described in the next section 

and will produce substantially different distributions.

Figure 4-3. Cumulative Unweighted Cumulative Distributions of PSHED

Measurements by Model-Year Group

4.2 Distributions of Hot-Soak Emissions

The previous section presented results for the 175-vehicle sample. However, because the 

vehicles were sampled with unequal rather than equal probabilities, additional analysis is 

required to develop representative results. Due to the sampling method used, the sample is likely 

to contain more vehicles with elevated PSHED values than the population as a whole. 

Nevertheless, it is possible to estimate the distributions of the PSHED values for the sampled 

population by considering the differential sampling rates. In addition, it is necessary to account 

for potential effects of differential non-response, which may be considered as a secondary 

“sampling” process.

When vehicles enter the sample with different selection probabilities, it is necessary to 

assign them different weights during analysis. With respect to sampling, the weight assigned to 

each vehicle is the reciprocal of its sampling probability. Thus, vehicles in the seven EI23 Bins

sampled at probabilities of 0.06, 0.30, or 1.0 were assigned sampling weights of 16.67, 3.33, or 

1.00, respectively. In each case, the weight represents the number of vehicles in the sampled fleet 
4-5

represented by each vehicle drawn into the sample. A related result is that the weights of all 

vehicles in the sample should sum to the number of vehicles in the sample pool.

However, in this project, the weights of the 175 measured vehicles do not sum to this 

total, because measurements for all vehicles in the sample were not obtained, as not all owners 

solicited elected to participate. For a variety of reasons 35% of drivers chose to participate and 

65% chose not to participate. 

It is important to recognize that non-response can change the intended structure of a 

sample, if response rates follow differential patterns by the important variables describing the 

structure of the population. If the rate of positive response to the solicitation is a function of the 

response variables for the project, or important variables characterizing the population, 

classifying response rates by these variables allows response to be treated as a secondary 

“sampling” process that also occurred with unequal probability. Table 4-4 shows the counts of 

eligible vehicles that were solicited and measured, by model-year group, as well as 

corresponding response rates. Overall, response rate was 35%, but the response rates suggest that 

owners of newer vehicles were less likely to participate than owners of older vehicles. 

Table 4-4. Solicitation Response Rate by Model-Year Group

Model-Year 

Group

No. Eligible Vehicles 

Solicited

No. Eligible Vehicles 

Participating Response Rate

1961 – 1970 10 4 0.400

1971 – 1980 17 7 0.412

1981 – 1995 187 75 0.401

1996 – 2003 216 76 0.352

2004 – 2010 70 13 0.186

Overall 500 175 0.350

Table 4-5. Solicitation Response Rate by EI23 Bin

EI23 Bin No. Eligible Vehicles 

Solicited

No. Eligible Vehicles 

Participating Response Rate

1 63 25 0.397

2 125 41 0.328

3 84 25 0.298

4 89 20 0.225

5 59 24 0.407

6 45 18 0.400

7 35 22 0.629

Overall 500 175 0.350

The low response rate for the 2004-2010 model year group suggests that drivers of new 

vehicles could be reluctant to release their vehicles into the care of project staff, or that they may 

simply not have wanted to assume the burden of participation. While drivers were certainly not 

aware of their EI23 Bin, the recruiters were. In fact, recruiters were given the EI23 Bin

assignments of each vehicle to be solicited so that they could make special efforts to recruit 
4-6

vehicles in the highest three Bins. These efforts could have contributed to the noticeably higher 

response rate for Bin 7, as shown in Table 4-5.

4.2.1 Calculation of Weighted Frequencies

If response is viewed a secondary “sampling” process, response rates can be viewed as 

“sampling probabilities” and used to construct “response” weights that can supplement the initial 

set of sampling weights. For the purposes of this project the response structure based on model 

year group as shown in Table 4-4 was used. On this basis, a combined or “final” weight (wfinal) 

can be calculated as the product of the sampling and response weights (wsample, wresponse), as 

shown in Equation 4-1. The equation can also be expressed as the product of the reciprocals of 

the sampling fractions and response rates fsample and fresponse.































 = =

sample response

final sample response

1 1

f f

w w w Equation 4-1

After a final weight has been assigned to each vehicle, it is possible to relate the sample 

measurements to the population under study. As a first step, it can be shown that the sum of the 

final weights is an estimate of the size of the sample pool (5,830 vehicles). In addition, estimates 

of the fractions of vehicles with “elevated” evaporative emissions can be calculated, once a 

definition of “elevated” has been specified, by summing the weights of vehicles with “elevated”

levels and dividing this total by the sum of weights for all vehicles, as shown in Equation 4-2.

∑

∑

=

Total

final

elevated

final

elevated

w

w

f Equation 4-2

As model-year group is an important surrogate for important differences in technology 

and emissions standards, we performed this calculation by model-year group, as well as for the 

entire fleet sampled. Despite the fact that the processes of screening and sampling did not 

distinguish model year prior to drawing vehicles into the sample, fractions of vehicles with 

“elevated” emissions can be calculated by model year, as each subset of measured vehicles in 

each group can be taken as an independent subsample of the total sample.

4.2.2 Utility of the Screening Index

An example can illustrate the utility of the screening index as well as the importance of 

accounting for unequal sampling fractions and differential response rates in analysis. We have 

used the results from the 1991-95 model years.

For purposes of this calculation we have assigned thresholds to define “elevated” 

emissions for both the screening index and the PSHED measurements. For the screening index, a 

value greater than 200 is defined as “elevated,” and for the hot-soak measurement, a value 

greater than 1.0 g/Qhr is defined as “elevated.” Note that the index is assumed to indicate the 
4-7

probability that vehicles have elevated emissions, and that the PSHED is taken as a “truth 

measurement” relative to the screening index.

Figure 4-4 shows a scatter plot of unweighted hot-soak measurements vs. screening 

indices for this model-year group. This presentation suggests a strong correlation between the 

measurement and the index, and that a high fraction of vehicles have elevated emissions, as 

defined for this example. Figure 4-5 shows a scatter plot of the same results, accounting for the 

effects of unequal sampling and response rates. To incorporate these factors, each measurement 

was replicated wfinal times in the plot, with a random disturbance then applied to the replicate 

measurements to make all data points visible (i.e., “dithering”). These steps account for the fact 

that cleaner vehicles, sampled at lower rates, represent correspondingly more vehicles in the fleet 

than “dirtier” vehicles, sampled at correspondingly higher rates. In the “weighted” presentation, 

it is still evident that the index shows some utility, but that the fraction of vehicles with elevated 

emissions is lower than the unweighted presentation would suggest.

As we are using a set of two thresholds in this example, one for the index and another for 

the PSHED, this framework lends itself to expression in a 2×2 table, both for estimating fractions 

of vehicles with elevated emissions and for assessing the usefulness of the index.

Table 4-6 shows both unweighted vehicle counts in a table format corresponding to the 

figures. If we take these counts at face value, and neglect the effects of unequal sampling and 

response rates, we would estimate the “elevated” fraction as 42/98 vehicles, or 43%. 

Table 4-7 shows the corresponding analysis accounting for unequal-probability sampling 

and response rates. Rather than estimating the frequency based on raw vehicle counts, we use 

sums of final weights as shown in Equation 4-2. On this basis we estimate the “elevated” fraction 

as 172.5/1,222, or 14%. Having accounted for the effects of sampling and response, we interpret 

the weighted value as more representative of the sampled fleet than the raw unweighted value.
4-8

Figure 4-4. Unweighted Hot-Soak (PSHED) Measurements vs. Evaporative Indices 

(EI23) for Measured Vehicles in the 1991-1995 Model-Year Group 

(Note: This presentation does not account for unequal sampling or response rates.)

Figure 4-5. Weighted Hot-Soak (PSHED) Measurements vs. Evaporative Indices 

(EI23) for Measured Vehicles in the 1991-1995 Model-Year Group
4-9

Table 4-6. Counts of Measured Vehicles Having Index and PSHED Values 

Less Than and Greater Than Designated Thresholds

for the 1991-1995 Model-Year Group

High EI23

NO YES Total

High PSHED

YES

c a a+c

8 34 42

NO

d b b+d

53 3 56

c+d a+b a+b+c+d

Total 61 37 98

Sensitivity = a/(a+c) = 34/42 = 81.0%.

Specificity = d/(b+d) = 53/56 = 94.6%.

Positive Predictive Value = a/(a+b) = 34/37 = 91.9%

Negative Predictive Value = d/(c+d) = 53/61 = 86.7%.

NOTE: fraction of vehicles with PSHED measurements > 1.0 g/Qhr = 42/98 = 0.43

Table 4-7. Sums of Final Weights Having Index and PSHED Values 

Less Than and Greater Than Designated Thresholds

for the 1991-1995 Model-Year Group

High EI23

NO YES Total

High PSHED

YES

c a a+c

72.0 100.5 172.5

NO

d b b+d

961.5 88.0 1,049.5

c+d a+b a+b+c+d

Total 1,033.5 188.5 1,222.0

Sensitivity = a/(a+c) = 100.5/172.5 = 58.2%.

Specificity = d/(b+d) = 961.5/1,049.5 = 91.6%.

Positive Predictive Value = a/(a+b) = 100.5/188.5 = 53.3%

Negative Predictive Value = d/(c+d) = 961.5/1,033.5 = 93.0%.

NOTE: fraction of final weights with PSHED measurements > 1.0 g/Qhr = 172.5/1,222 = 0.14.
4-10

4.2.3 Effectiveness of the Screening Index

In addition to estimating “elevated” frequencies, we can use the 2×2 table format to 

assess the effectiveness of the screening index for this model-year group, using measures 

commonly used to assess screening in epidemiology. For this purpose it is appropriate to use 

sums of weights rather than vehicle counts, as the weighted results describe we would expect if 

we sampled the population fully at random. The measures considered include sensitivity, 

specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value.

Two of these measures concern the validity of a screening measure. In our context, 

“sensitivity” is defined as the probability of screening “positive” if the “disease” is present, i.e., a 

high screening index if the vehicle does in fact have high hot-soak emissions (high PSHED). 

“Specificity” is defined as the probability of screening “negative” if in fact the “disease” is 

absent, i.e., obtaining a low index if the vehicle has low hot-soak emissions (low PSHED). Thus 

a screening measure that is “sensitive” or “specific” is expected to produce few “false negatives” 

or “false positives,” respectively.

The two remaining measures are used to assess the effectiveness and feasibility of the 

index. “Negative predictive value” is the probability that the “disease” is absent if the screening 

test is negative, i.e., a low EI23 value if vehicles in fact have low hot-soak emissions. The 

measure of greatest interest to us in this project is the “positive predictive value,” i.e., the 

probability that vehicles will prove to have high PSHED measurements if their EI23 values are 

high. For purposes of sampling this measure suggests the “yield” of vehicles with high hot-soak 

emissions expected to be available for measurement if the index is applied in sampling. In 

contrast to sensitivity and specificity, negative and positive predictive values assess rates of “true 

negatives” and “true positives,” respectively.

The calculation of all four measures is demonstrated in Table 4-6 and Table 4-7, for 

unweighted and weighted results, respectively. Based on weighted results, the index appears to 

perform reasonably well based on all four measures for the 1991-95 model-year group. This 

index appears to be quite specific (few false positives) and to have higher negative prediction 

(>90%) than positive prediction. These results suggest that the use of the index was effective in

improving the efficiency of sampling for purposes of measurement. Based on the example shown, 

applying the index can yield a sample of vehicles in which 5.3/10 vehicles screening “high” are 

expected to test “high” in the PSHED, as opposed to sampling fully at random, for which these 

results suggest that 1.4/10 vehicles sampled might be expected to test “high.” Similarly, 

approximately 9/10 vehicles screening “low” are expected to test “low.” 

However, the measures of effectiveness, particularly the positive predictive value, are in 

part a function of the prevalence of “high” emissions in the vehicle population. Thus we would 

expect the index to be useful, but somewhat less effective for vehicle sub-populations in which 

vehicles with “elevated” emissions are rarer than in the example discussed to this point. This

conclusion appears to hold for MY 1996-2003, which represents improved technologies and 

control systems measured at younger ages than MY 1991-95. Based on sums of weights, the 

specificity and positive predictive value for 1996-2003 are 94% and 14%, respectively. However, 

for this group, the relatively low sensitivity (23%) indicates that more false negatives are to be 
4-11

expected than in older vehicles. This result underscores the importance of measuring vehicles 

with low as well as high values of the screening index.

Using the same definition as in the example described above (1.0 g/Qhr), Table 4-8

shows estimated fractions for elevated emissions in each of the five model-year groups, using 

both unweighted vehicle counts and sums of final weights. Clearly and as expected, the fractions 

of “high” PSHED values decline with model-year group, illustrating the combined effects of 

technology, emission controls, and vehicle age.

Table 4-8. Sample Calculations for a 1.0 g/Qhr High-PSHED Definition, 

by Model-Year Group

Model 

Year 

Group

Number of

Vehicles

Number of 

Vehicles with 

High PSHED

Fraction with High PSHED Positive 

Predictive 

Unweighted Weighted Value

1961 – 1970 4 4 1.00 1.00

1971 – 1980 7 7 1.00 0.95

1981 – 1990 26 18 0.69 0.54 0.86

1991 – 1995 49 21 0.43 0.14 0.53

1996 – 2003 76 9 0.12 0. 03 0.14

2004 – 2010 13 0 0.00 0.00

Overall 175 0.34 0.12

The table above shows results for a specific definition of “elevated” hot-soak emissions. 

The definition used simply illustrates the calculation of “elevated” fractions across model-year 

groups as well as the utility of the screening index. The relationships of the estimated highPSHED fractions to a range of high-PSHED definitions (0.01-100 g/Qhr) across the model-year 

groups are shown in Figure 4-6. This presentation represents cumulative distributions of highPSHED fractions with respect to varying thresholds, accounting for unequal-probability 

sampling and response rates. Thus, these results are estimates for the fleet of vehicles sampled at 

Ken Caryl station during the project. Similar results for the fleet as a whole are shown in Figure 

4-7. The distributions shown in the figures imply ranges of PSHED values for each model-year 

group, and for the fleet as a whole. For purposes of illustration, selected percentile values for 

weighted distributions are shown in Table 4-9.
4-12

Figure 4-6. Weighted Cumulative Distributions of PSHED Hot-Soak Emissions,

by Model-Year Group

Figure 4-7. Weighted Cumulative Distributions of PSHED Hot-Soak Emissions for 

the Sampled Fleet
4-13

Table 4-9. Selected Percentile Values for PSHED Measurements (g/Qhr), 

based on Weighted Distributions

Model Year Group 10th Percentile 50th Percentile (Median) 90th Percentile

1961 – 1970 - 13 -

1971 – 1980 est. 5 7.6 est. 20

1981 – 1995 0.047 0.23 4.6

1996 – 2003 0.017 0.037 0.14

2004 – 2010 0.015 0.022 0.038

Overall 0.015 0.043 0.57

4.3 Discussion

4.3.1 Fleet Composition and Representativeness

The vehicle fleet to be sampled was accessed through the Ken Caryl station during the 

months of July to September. Vehicles sampled, recruited, and measured comprised a pool of 

vehicles coming to the station, primarily for purposes of receiving routine inspections. That the 

sampled fleet was accessed in this manner has implications that must be considered in the 

interpretation of the results. 

First, the pool of vehicles entering the station does not include vehicles exempted from 

inspections through the clean-screen program. As the criteria for exemption include 

measurements of exhaust CO and NO, as well as HC, it is difficult to assess the probable effects 

of this factor on the representativeness of the sample of vehicles undergoing PSHED 

measurements. It is plausible that the sets of vehicles in recent model years available for 

recruitment was lower than it would have been, absent the existence of “clean screen.” However, 

it is not clear that exempted vehicles would differ markedly in terms of their evaporative 

emissions from those not exempted. At most sites typically selected for remote-sensing, such as 

freeway on-ramps, drivers pass the instrument at speeds of 30 mph or higher. However, remotesensing instruments are not effective at detecting evaporative emissions at these speeds, for 

which reason, clean-screen would not be expected to exempt vehicles preferentially based on 

their evaporative emissions.

Second, Ken Caryl station is located in the southwest corner of the Denver metropolitan 

area. As the area served by this station is likely to be more affluent than areas served by other 

stations or the metropolitan area as a whole, it is possible that fleet composition and repair status 

may differ from those in other areas. One implication is that the model-year distributions at Ken 

Caryl might be different than at other stations, with older and recent model years being less and 

more prevalent at Ken Caryl than elsewhere, respectively. This difference is presumably 

neutralized to a large degree by analyzing the results by model-year group. However, the results 

obtained at Ken Caryl might be unrepresentative of the Denver Metropolitan Area if higher 

affluence were correlated with frequent maintenance and general “repair status.” If we assume 

that improved maintenance status was associated with lower prevalence of “elevated” 

evaporative emissions, we can surmise that the results observed in this project can be construed 

as somewhat conservative, relative to rates expected for a wider geographic area.
4-14

A variety of factors related to vehicles, fuels, and ambient conditions can influence the 

rates or levels of evaporative emissions. As this project was designed as a survey rather than as a 

controlled experiment, a number of factors were not controlled. Some factors were measured and 

others were not. Table 4-10 summarizes the major factors that presumed to influence evaporative 

emissions during the project, and whether the factor was measured.

Table 4-10. Control and Measurement of Factors Affecting Evaporative Emissions

Factor Degree of control Measurement Method

Vehicle Factors

Fuel Metering technology Variable Engine Family

Emissions control technology Variable Engine Family

Maintenance history/status Variable Modified California Method

Driving history before sampling/recruitment Variable Questionnaire

Fuel Factors

Ethanol Content Variable Not measured

Volatility of fuel in tank Variable Not Measured

Fuel level in tank Variable Fuel Gauge

Test/Ambient Conditions

Conditioning Standardized IM240 cycles/Drive route

Ambient Temperature Variable Remote-sensing instrument

PSHED Temperature Variable I/M Lane Analyzer

Barometric Pressure Variable I/M Lane Analyzer

In laboratory studies of evaporative emissions, many of the factors listed in the table are 

held constant. Holding factors constant allows the results from different tests to be compared on 

an equal basis. Alternatively, one or more factors can be held constant or systematically varied to 

investigate the effects of single or multiple variables. As this study was designed to estimate the 

prevalence of “elevated” evaporative emissions in a vehicle population, it was necessary to apply 

quick and inexpensive methods to allow relatively rapid measurements of large numbers of 

vehicles. At the same time, some of the factors, including temperatures, pressure and fuel 

volatility were effectively limited to relatively narrow ranges by the fact that the project was 

conducted at one location during the summer. Nonetheless, these advantages also imply that 

these factors must be accounted for in interpretation and application of the results.

The maintenance status of vehicle fuel metering systems and evaporative emissions 

control systems was subjectively characterized using the visual, olfactory, and hydrocarbon 

sniffer results of the Modified California Method. In addition, the presence and source of 

hydrocarbon vapors or liquid fuel was ascertained when possible. The results of these inspections 

are reported in Appendix F.

4.3.2 Effects of Ambient Conditions

It is known that vehicle evaporative emission rates can be affected by a number of 

environmental factors, including ambient temperature, ambient pressure, and the level of fuel in 
4-15

the fuel tank of the vehicle. It was beyond the scope of this study to control for each of these 

factors, but they were recorded.

Figure 4-8 shows the distributions of temperatures inside the PSHED at the beginning of 

each test at the time that the door was sealed with the participating vehicle inside. These values 

range from 65°F to 95°F, with the median around 82°F. The median values agree closely, as 

expected, although the maxima are 15-20°F cooler than measured at the remote-sensing van. 

In Figure 4-9, the PSHED temperatures at the beginning and at the end of the 15-minute 

test are plotted against each other and in relation to a one-to-one line. The figure shows good 

correlation between beginning and ending temperatures, as expected, and that the temperature

inside the PSHED tended to increase by about 10°F as a result of heat released from the warmedup vehicle. 

In Figure 4-10, the outdoor temperature at the remote-sensing van is plotted against the 

initial PSHED temperature. Not unexpectedly, the correlation between these two measures is 

lower than between the beginning and ending PSHED results. The increased variability may be 

due to a variety of factors affecting the temperature at the van, including solar heat load, shade 

from nearby trees, and wind. Factors affecting the PSHED temperature can include residual heat 

from the previous test and the lack of direct sun and wind. 

The standard barometric pressure for sea level is 29.92 inches Hg. The distribution of 

barometric pressure as measured at the PSHED for each participant test is shown in Figure 4-11. 

Note that the median barometric pressure is about 24.4 inches Hg, about 82% of the standard 

sea-level value. 

The distribution of fuel tank levels for study participants is shown in Figure 4-12. Levels 

ranged from nearly empty to full, with the median level between 40 and 50% full. 

Fuel volatility also affects evaporative emissions. In this study all vehicles were tested 

with “as-received” fuel in the vehicle’s tank. According to CDPHE, the regulations for dispensed 

gasoline from June 1 to September 15, 2009 (which includes the time period for the 

measurements in this study) were a maximum Reid vapor pressure (RVP) of the clear gasoline of 

7.8 psi and a maximum denatured ethanol content of 10 vol%. CDPHE also has a program to 

measure the volatility and ethanol content of dispensed gasoline in Colorado. During this same 

time period, the measurements from this program indicated that the typical gasoline properties 

for the time period were 8.5 psi RVP and 9.3 vol% of the gasoline/ethanol blend. Since the 

regulations allow a 1.0 psi RVP increase per 10 vol% of ethanol, the maximum allowed RVP on 

a 9.3 vol% gasoline/ethanol blend would be 8.6 psi. Thus, the observed typical gasoline for the 

study meets the regulations and lies within a relatively narrow range, reducing one source of 

variability in the PSHED measurements.
4-16

Figure 4-8. Distribution of PSHED Seal Temperature for Participating Vehicles

Figure 4-9. Initial PSHED Temperature vs. Final PSHED Temperature
4-17

Figure 4-10. Selection RSD Temperature vs. Initial PSHED Temperature
4-18

Figure 4-11. Barometric Pressure at PSHED Sealing

Figure 4-12. Fuel Tank Levels for Participating Vehicles
4-19

4.3.3 Interpretation

The results in Figure 4-6 and Table 4-9 show trends in hot-soak emissions (as measured 

by PSHED) with model year group for the Ken Caryl fleet. The median values cover almost 

three orders of magnitude. The strong trends with model-year group reflect improvements in 

fuel-metering and evaporative emissions control technologies, as well as, presumably, the effect 

of vehicle age.

The results in Section 4.2 can also be related to the expectations for vehicles 

manufactured since MY 1996, which have onboard diagnostics systems as well as enhanced 

emission controls. For vehicles manufactured prior to 1996, these levels are simply convenient 

references but have no regulatory significance. One such reference level is 1.0 g/Qhr, which in 

terms of size, roughly corresponds to a cumulative leak of 0.020 inches in diameter, or the size of 

the smallest leak in the fuel-system or evaporative emissions-control system required to be 

detected by an OBD system under regulations promulgated by the California Air Resources 

Board. A second level is 0.30 g/Qhr, which corresponds roughly to the hot-soak portion of the 

enhanced evaporative emission standard of 2.0-2.5 g. EPA has estimated that the vast majority of 

properly-operating vehicles with enhanced evaporative emission controls would have PSHED

values less than 0.30 g/Qhr.

11

Table 4-11 shows the estimated fractions of the sampled fleet having PSHED hot-soak 

values, exceeding a range of thresholds, of which the lowest is 0.3 g/Qhr. The fractions were 

estimated from the estimated cumulative distributions shown in Figure 4-6. In addition to mean 

proportions, estimated from weighted frequencies as shown in Equation 4-2, upper and lower 

95% confidence limits are shown for two model-year groups. The bounds are calculated as an 

“exact” binomial confidence interval, in which the upper and lower limits are estimated using the 

Beta distribution, as shown in Equation 4-3 and Equation 4-412.











 − +

α = −Β ,n k,k 1

2 pˆ upper 1 Equation 4-3











 − +

α = −Β − ,n k 1,k

2 pˆlower 1 1 Equation 4-4

In the equations, the level of α is set to 0.05, n is the number of vehicles measured, and k

is the expected number of vehicles with “elevated” emissions out of n trials, given a weighted 

mean proportion, calculated as shown in Equation 4-2.

The table shows that all vehicles manufactured prior to 1981 (when measured at 29+ 

years of age) are expected to have PSHEDs greater than 1.0 g/Qhr. For vehicles manufactured 

 11 EPA has estimated that a PSHED (hot-soak) value of 0.3 g/Qhr corresponds to the enhanced evaporative 

emissions standard of 2.0-2.5 g. They arrived at this estimate by assuming that 20% of the 2 grams is attributable to 

the 1-hour hot-soak portion of the standards, and that 75% of the 1-hour hot-soak emissions occurs in the first 15 

minutes of the hot-soak. 12 Clopper, C.; Pearson, S. The use of confidence or fiducial limits illustrated in the case of the Binomial. 

Biometrika 26:404-413. 1934.
4-20

between 1981 and 1995 (measured at 14+ years of age), 26% and 39% of vehicles are expected 

to exceed 1.0 and 0.30 g/Qhr, respectively (corresponding lower-bound estimates are 16% and 

28%). For vehicles manufactured between 1996 and 2003 (measured at 5-13 years of age), and 

employing both OBD systems and enhanced emission controls, corresponding fractions are 4.3% 

and 6.4%, respectively (with lower-bound estimates of 1.0% and 2.1%). Finally, no vehicles 

manufactured in 2004-2010 are expected to have PSHEDs greater than 0.3 g/Qhr, although this 

conclusion is based on a relatively small set of 13 measured vehicles. As previously noted, 

eligible vehicles in EI23 Bins 4 and 5 for MY 2004-2010 were sampled, but the owners of these 

vehicles elected not to participate in the study. However, previous experimental work using 

vehicles in this model-year group acquired from the in-use fleet found some vehicles to have 

leaks of various sizes [6].

For the entire fleet of vehicles accessed through Ken Caryl station, 14% of the vehicles 

are expected to have PSHEDs greater than 0.3 g/Qhr. Again, note that these specific values apply 

to LDVs, LDT1s, and LDT2s measured under summer conditions.

Table 4-11. Fractions of PSHED Values Exceeding Selected Hot-Soak Emission 

Thresholds (Based on Weighted Distributions)

Model 

Year

Group

nveh

1 Parameter2 Fleet Fraction Exceeding

PSHED Hot-Soak Value (g/Qhr)

0.3 1.0 2.0 5.0 10 20 50 100

1961 – 1970 4 Mean 1.0 1.0 0.68 0.68 0.53 0.53 0.0 0.0

1971 – 1980 7 Mean 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.85 0.30 0.0 0.0 0.0

Upper 0.51 0.37 0.33 0.17 0.12 0.092 0.056 0.060

1981 – 1995 75 Mean 0.39 0.26 0.22 0.083 0.042 0.026 0.004 0.004

Lower 0.28 0.16 0.13 0.032 0.009 0.003 0.000 0.000

Upper 0.145 0.10 0.096 0.084 0.082 0.047

1996 – 2003 76 Mean 0.064 0.033 0.029 0.021 0.020 0.0 0.0 0.0

Lower 0.021 0.006 0.004 0.002 0.001 0.00

2004 - 2010 13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Overall 175 0.14 0.091 0.079 0.037 0.024 0.0084 0.001 0.0005

1 Number of vehicles measured.

2 “Mean” = mean proportion, calculated as shown in Equation 4-2, “Upper” = upper bound of 95% confidence interval, 

calculated as shown in Equation 4-3; “Lower” = lower bound of 95% confidence interval, calculated as shown in Equation 

4-4.

In addition to considering the distributions of PSHED results, it is helpful to relate them 

to the results of the visual inspection. These results are summarized in Table 4-12, for two broad 

model-year groups, pre-1996 and 1996-2010. The table also distinguishes counts for all PSHED 

results and for those results ≥ 0.3 g/Qhr.
4-21

Table 4-12. Results of Physical Inspection: Identified Vapor Sources by Location 

for Two Model-Year Groups

Despite the quick and rudimentary nature of the inspection, it was often possible to 

isolate vapor emissions to specific components of the fuel-delivery or emission-control systems. 

Specific vapor sources were identified for 44% and 17% of all PSHED results in the pre-1996 

and the 1996-2010 model-year groups, respectively. However, for the vehicles having PSHED 

results ≥ 0.3 g/Qhr, the fractions are higher, with vapor sources identified for 54% and 76% of 

results in the pre-1996 and 1996-2010 model-year groups. 

Overall, 13 specific vapor sources were isolated, with the most common being the fuel 

tank, fill pipe, and canister. These three locations account for 66% of identified sources for all 

PSHED results. Results also show that most identified vapor sources exceeded 0.3 g/Qhr, with 

64% to 70% of sources exceeding this threshold attributed to these three locations. Vapor from 

the canister can result from insufficient purge leading to breakthrough emissions or from 

compromised hose connections to the canister resulting from normal maintenance. Components 

in engine compartments are packed very tightly and often the canister must be moved to service 

other components, and then replaced. During this process seals can be compromised, resulting in 

tiny leaks.

Location

MY 1995 

& earlier

MY 1996 

& Later

Total MY 1995 

& earlier

MY 1996 

& Later

Total

Exhaust manifold 0 1 1 0 0 0

Fuel pump 0 1 1 0 1 1

PCV 1 0 1 0 0 0

Carburetor 2 0 2 2 0 2

Fuel rail 1 1 2 1 1 2

Injector 2 0 2 2 0 2

Purge line 2 0 2 2 0 2

Cap 3 0 3 3 0 3

Fuel lines 2 1 3 2 1 3

Canister 7 2 9 6 2 8

Fill pipe 8 1 9 5 0 5

Tank 10 7 17 10 7 17

Other 0 1 1 0 1 1

SubTotal 38 15 53 33 13 46

Nothing Found 49 74 123 28 4 32

Total 87 89 176 61 17 78

All Vehicles Vehicles with PSHED result 

> 0.3 g/Qhr
4-22

Figure 4-13 also shows the magnitude of PSHED results in relation to vapor source for 

the two broad model-year groups. At the outset, the figure makes it clear that hot-soak emissions 

are highly variable, ranging over three orders of magnitude for vehicles in both model year 

groups. Not surprisingly, the figure shows that the hot-soak rates for the pre-1996 vehicles are 

generally substantially higher than for the 1996-2010 vehicles. For pre-1996 vehicles, the largest 

hot-soak rates isolated were attributed to the injector location, which exceed even those 

attributed to the carburetor. For the 1996-2010 vehicles, the highest result was attributed to the 

fuel rail. The three sites most frequently identified, tank, fill pipe, and canister, do not necessarily 

have higher hot-soak rates than other sources, although the rates for these three sources differ 

between the model-year groups, with the 1996-2010 group showing consistently lower rates.

An interesting outcome for the 1996-2010 model-year group is that the PSHED results 

isolated to specific sites are markedly higher than those not so isolated (with three exceptions 

identified as outliers on the plot). This outcome also holds for the pre-1996 group, although not 

to the same degree. For the 1996-2010 group, however, the plot shows that roughly half of these 

results identified as exceeding 0.3 g/Qhr in Table 4-9 in fact exceed 1.0 g/Qhr, and with two 

results exceeding 10 g/Qhr. 

When one views the potential sources of vapor emissions from in-use vehicles, they can 

be placed into two broad categories. The first is vapor breakthrough from the evaporative 

emissions canister as a result of purge system malfunction, canister related problems, off-cycle 

fuel characteristics or atypical driving behaviors. The second is vapor emitted from very small 

“micro-cracks” or orifices of very small diameter in various components of the system. Vapor 

leaks from these cracks and orifices could emanate from failed seals in junctions between various 

components, durability problems resulting from materials degradation and in-use wear due to 

phenomena such as vibration, environmental factors, etc. Mal-maintenance, mis-installation or 

mis-assembly of systems and components could also potentially contribute to the in-use rates. 

Unlike canister related problems, vapor leaks could potentially emanate from points in the 

system from the gas cap to vapor lines to the canister and engine. In some cases, the source(s) of 

the “hot-soak” emission values measured in the PSHED could not be identified or isolated. In 

these cases, it is reasonable to assume that these emissions arose from leaks from various 

undetermined locations and sizes in the fuel and evaporative control systems. This may 

especially be the case since measurements were made with vehicles and fuels in hot conditions 

over a brief 15-minute period. The measured emission levels and the short measurement periods 

reduce the probability that measured emissions arose from other processes such as permeation or 

diurnal losses. 
4-23

Figure 4-13. Magnitude of PSHED Hot-soak Results by Model-Year Group and 

Location of Vapor Source

4.3.4 Assessment of Measurement Repeatability

In addition to sampling error, estimated above through estimation of confidence intervals, 

it is important to consider the potential effects of measurement variability (from all sources) on 

the distributions of elevated hot-soak emissions. In general, measurements for emissions 

measurements tend to show a high degree of variability, both within and among vehicles. This 

pattern holds for both exhaust and evaporative emissions.

As mentioned, this study was conducted as a survey with vehicles recruited from private 

owners for a brief period following a maintenance inspection. When working with vehicles 

recruited from the public in the I/M lane, it was not practical to take the time necessary to obtain 

replicate measurements, as desirable as that outcome would have been. 

It was thus not possible to obtain estimates of test-to-test variability during the project 

itself. The best estimates of repeatability available can be obtained from the limited set of paired 

PSHED and LSHED measurements presented and discussed in Appendix D. These 

measurements were initially performed to assess the association between PSHED and LSHED 

measurements, and were thus generally conducted in sequences of 1st PSHED, 1st LSHED, 2nd
4-24

PSHED, 2nd LSHED. Prior to conducting the sequence, each vehicle’s canister was removed 

from the vehicle and purged on a laboratory bench overnight, and then reloaded during a 

consistent one-hour diurnal procedure. Prior to each SHED test, a uniform conditioning sequence 

was performed, consisting of running for five minutes on the dynamometer at 55 mph, followed 

by phase 1 of the FTP cycle run with the engine hot (“hot 505”). Thus, despite the question of 

whether the paired measurements (1st PSHED, 2nd PSHED) can be interpreted as “true” 

replicates, given the possibility of cumulative changes in vehicle conditioning during the test 

sequence, these data remain the best estimates of repeatability available for the PSHED 

procedure.

We used the paired measurements to derive estimates of measurement repeatability. We

performed a log-log regression of the second PSHED on the first. For this purpose we used only 

tests performed in an “as received” condition, and excluded two tests for which the first PSHED 

measurement was recorded as 0.0. One such vehicle, (HE-3555) was interpreted as showing a 

steadily increasing leak condition which did not allow its measurements to be considered as 

replicates.13 In the second vehicle (631-SWU), as well as in the first, the presence of zero values 

was interpreted as reflecting errors in measurement or transcription that did not allow the pairs of

measurements to be considered as replicates, as was necessary for this analysis. In addition, the 

use of logarithms precluded the use of zero values. 

A scatter plot of the results used is shown in Figure 4-14. Fit results for the model are 

shown in Table 4-13. The regression equation is logx2 = -0.00786 + 0.8801 logx1, where x1 and 

x2 are the first and second PSHED measurements, respectively. The intercept is not significantly 

different from 0.0 (p = 0.94), whereas the slope term is significantly different from 0.0 (p = 

0.0002). However, as the slope term is not significantly different from 1.0 for this sample (p = 

0.44), we conclude that the second PSHED is unbiased with respect to the first. 

Based on the regression, we estimated the standard error of prediction and the width of a 

90% prediction interval for individual vehicles. With the mean-square-error for the regression 

designated as s

2

, the standard error of prediction is given by:

( )

( )















 −

− = + +

xx

2

2 p

y yˆ SS

x x

n

1

s s 1 Equation 4-5

where n is the number of vehicles measured, xp is the measured PSHED mass for which 

the prediction is to be made, x-bar is the mean of the 1st PSHED measurements, and SSxx is the 

sum of squares for the set of 1st PSHED measurements. 

For the set of vehicles measured, the standard error of prediction (for log x2) ranged from 

0.2866 to 0.3203. Because this parameter is fairly uniform in logarithmic terms, the prediction 

interval is similarly uniform and we can translate the prediction interval in percentage terms as 

an approximate range of -60% to +200%. We apply this range in an assessment of the effect of 

measurement repeatability below.

 13 The sequence of measurements for this vehicle, arranged as 1P, 1L , 2P, 2L were 0.0, 4.7, 9.9 and 55.5 g/Qhr.
4-25

Figure 4-14. Paired Portable-SHED results: 2nd Replicate vs. 1st Replicate

Table 4-13. Model-Fitting Results for Regression of 

log(2nd PSHED) on log(1st PSHED)

Source d.f. Sum of Squares Mean Square F-statistic2 Pr>F

Model 1 2.53821 2.53821 33.70 0.0002

Error 10 0.75321 0.07532

Total1 11 3.29142

1 Vehicles for which either of the paired measurements was recorded as 0.0 g were not 

included in model fitting.

2 Adjusted R2 = 0.7483.

Using the range suggested by the prediction interval, we addressed the effects of 

measurement repeatability by re-estimating the fractions of “elevated” emissions for two 

scenarios. The first, a “lower-bound” scenario, assumes that the measured values are higher than 

those obtained in subsequent replicates. The second, an “upper-bound” scenario, assumes that 

the measured values are lower than those for subsequent replicates.

For each scenario, the analysis assumes that three replicates were obtained for each 

vehicle. One value is the measured value acquired during the project, and the two remaining 

values are at the lower or upper limits of the prediction interval, for the lower-bound and upperbound scenarios, respectively. If the measured hydrocarbon mass for each vehicle is x, then the 

values of the lower-bound replicates as assigned as 0.4x. Similarly the values of the upper-bound 

replicates are assigned as 3x, or (1+2.0)x. In both cases, the “actual” emissions status of the 

vehicle is taken as the geometric mean of the three replicates. For the lower-bound and upperbound scenarios, the “measurement” for each vehicle is thus = (x∙0.4x∙0.4x)1/3 and (x∙3x∙3x)1/3, 

respectively. After assigning the replicate values and calculating geometric means, the fractions 
4-26

of elevated emissions are recalculated, using the adjusted PSHED results for each scenario. 

Results are presented for two model-year groups, 1981-1995 and 1996-2003. 

Table 4-14. Fractions of PSHED Values Exceeding Selected Hot-Soak Emission 

Thresholds (based on weighted distributions)

Model 

Year

Group

nveh

1 Parameter2 Fleet Fraction Exceeding

PSHED Hot-Soak Value (g/Qhr)

0.3 1.0 2.0 5.0 10 20 50 100

Upper bound 0.75 0.27 0.26 0.18 0.083 0.042 0.017 0.004

1981 – 1995 75 Mean 0.39 0.26 0.22 0.083 0.042 0.026 0.004 0.004

Lower bound 0.26 0.22 0.15 0.042 0.027 0.0037 0.0019 0.0

Upper bound 0.089 0.061 0.033 0.022 0.021 0.020 0.0 0.0

1996 – 2003 76 Mean 0.064 0.033 0.029 0.021 0.020 0.0 0.0 0.0

Lower bound 0.061 0.029 0.021 0.020 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

1 Number of vehicles measured.

2 “Mean” = mean proportion, calculated as shown in Equation 4-2, “Upper bound” = estimate for upper-bound scenario; 

“Lower bound” = estimate for lower-bound scenario.

Based on the scenarios presented, the results suggest that the leak frequencies are not 

highly sensitive to assumptions of uncertainty due to measurement repeatability in the range of -

55% for the lower-bound scenario. For the 1996-2003 model-year group, estimated frequencies 

for the 0.3 g/Qhr and 1.0 g/Qhr thresholds are 5% and 12% lower than the corresponding mean 

values. For the 1981-1995 model-year group, sensitivities are somewhat higher, with lowerbound frequencies for the 0.3 and 1.0 g/Qhr thresholds estimated as 33% and 15% lower than 

mean values.

For the upper-bound scenario, sensitivities are somewhat higher in relation to 

assumptions of uncertainty due to measurement repeatibility in the range of +100%. For the 

1996-2003 model-year group, estimated frequencies for the 0.3 and 1.0 g/Qhr thresholds are 39% 

and 85% higher than mean proportions. For the 1981-1995 model-year group, the upper-bound 

frequencies for the 0.3 and 1.0 g/Qhr thresholds are estimated as 92% and 4% higher than 

corresponding means.
5-1

5.0 Summary and Conclusions

The primary goal of the Ken Caryl project was to estimate distributions of hot-soak 

emissions of a fleet of gasoline-fueled light-duty vehicles. The objective of this field study was 

to measure hot-soak emissions using a quick and inexpensive procedure. 

A number of strategies were used to obtain evaporative emissions data on 175 in-use 

vehicles that were representative of the fleet entering the I/M station at a reasonable level of

effort and cost:

1. The population of vehicles accessed during the study was limited to the fleet 

visiting one I/M station in Denver during the summer months. Classes of vehicles 

measured included LDV, LDT1, and LDT2.

2. A random sample of vehicles was selected for measurement with “probability 

proportional to the Index” of evaporative emissions (ppEI). The index was 

calculated from the value of a remote-sensing measurement obtained as each 

vehicle entered the I/M station. The sampling process used the index to improve 

the efficiency with which vehicles with “elevated” emissions could be selected for 

recruitment (as opposed to sampling the fleet fully at random). To achieve this 

goal, vehicles with high index values sampled “with certainty” whereas those with 

lower values were sampled at lower rates, from 6/100 to 30/100 vehicles.

3. A number of parameters that are known to affect the hot-soak emissions were not 

controlled but were recorded: ambient temperature, barometric pressure, fuel tank 

level, fuel metering technology, evaporative emissions control technology, and 

the maintenance status of related vehicle systems. 

4. The hot-soak emissions of participating vehicles were measured using the 

“portable SHED” (PSHED) enclosure. The procedure used in the enclosure was 

developed to mimic the hot-soak portion of the Federal Test Procedure in the field 

in much less time and at lower cost. The PSHED results are assumed to serve as a 

good surrogate for the rigorous hot-soak results obtained in a laboratory 

environment.

5. Using the measurements obtained in the PSHED, we estimated distributions of 

hot-soak emissions, for the entire sampled fleet and by model-year group, 

assuming that model-year group acts as a surrogate for important changes in fuelsystem and emissions control technology. To obtain representative results in 

relation to the fleet sampled, it was necessary to develop and apply two sets of 

weights to represent the processes of sampling and differential participant 

response by model-year group. 

The project has confirmed earlier work by demonstrating the utility of a screening index

in reducing the level of effort and cost needed to estimate the prevalence of “elevated 

evaporative emissions.” Results show a reasonable degree of correspondence between values of 

the index and corresponding hot-soak measurements. However, the relation between the index 
5-2

and the measurements shows variability, particularly at lower emission levels. Aside from the 

high known variability in remote-sensing data, experimental results suggest that EI23 values are 

influenced by vehicle speed and exhaust hydrocarbon emissions levels, as well as by runningloss emission rates. To compensate for the potential effects of these influences, vehicle selection 

was based on EI23 Bin rather than individual EI23 values, with several of the highest Bins

sampled with certainty. It is nonetheless possible that influences such as vehicle speed or exhaust 

levels or other unknown effects influence erroneous class assignments. Such misclassifications 

can be expected to lead to “clean” vehicles being sampled as “elevated” and “elevated” vehicles 

as “clean,” i.e., “false positives” and “false negatives” respectively. 

However, while the presence of classification errors reduces the efficiency of the index in 

guiding sampling, it does not impair the usefulness of this sample in estimating distributions of 

hot-soak values. This conclusion holds because the probability with which each vehicle is 

sampled determines its weight in the analysis, not the value of PSHED measurement obtained 

after sampling and recruitment. Accordingly, a “false negative” receives the same (higher) 

weight in the analysis as a “true negative” and a “false positive” receives the same (lower) 

weight as a “true positive.” Thus, if the index classifies vehicles accurately, it can greatly reduce 

the effort and cost required to conduct inspections and measurements and to estimate the 

prevalence of elevated evaporative emissions. However, if the index performs poorly it does not 

guide sampling efficiently, resulting in a situation more similar to sampling fully at random. 

Nonetheless, because the sampling probabilities for each measured vehicle are known, the 

resulting set of measurements can still be used to estimate the prevalence of “elevated

evaporative emissions.”

The analysis shows the value of model-year groups as a surrogate for fuel-system and 

emissions-control technology. While the screening and sampling processes did not explicitly take 

model year into account, we nonetheless analyzed the results by model-year group, treating each 

group as an independent subsample of the whole fleet. It might have been preferable to have 

stratified vehicles by model year at the screening step and prior to sampling, and to have applied 

differing sets of sampling fractions by model-year group, as the utility of the index is expected to 

decrease with improving emissions control. However, this refinement was not achieved for this 

project, because it was not feasible to acquire model year when it would be needed to inform a 

sampling determination immediately after vehicles passed the remote-sensing van.

The hot-soak results among model-year groups span about three orders of magnitude and 

are consistent with the combined effects of evaporative emission control technologies and 

vehicle age. Older model year groups had substantially higher estimated hot-soak values than 

newer model year groups. All vehicles manufactured prior to 1981 (when measured at 29+ years 

of age) are expected to have PSHEDs greater than 1.0 g/Qhr (which corresponds to a cumulative 

leak of 0.020 inches in diameter, or the size of the smallest fuel/evaporative control system vapor 

leak that OBD systems are required to detect). For vehicles manufactured between 1981 and 

1995 (measured at 14+ years of age), 26% and 39% of vehicles are expected to exceed 1.0 and 

0.30 g/Qhr, respectively (with the latter value corresponding to the hot-soak portion of the EPA 

enhanced evaporative emission standard). Evaluation of an assumption that all measurements 

were overestimated by 50% estimated that these fractions for these two thresholds would be 

reduced to values of 22% and 26%, respectively. For vehicles manufactured between 1996 and 

2003 (measured at 5-13 years of age), and employing both OBD systems and enhanced emission 
5-3

controls, corresponding fractions are 3.3% and 6.4%, respectively. As with the pre-1996 vehicles, 

a similar assessment of uncertainty due to measurement variability estimates reduced fractions of 

2.9% and 6.1%, respectively. Finally, no vehicles manufactured in 2004-2010 are expected to 

have PSHEDs greater than 0.3 g/Qhr, although these conclusions are based on a relatively small 

subset of 13 measured vehicles. As previously noted, eligible vehicles in EI23 Bins 4 and 5 for 

MY 2004-2010 were sampled, but the owners of these vehicles elected not to participate in the 

study. However, previous experimental work using vehicles in this model-year group acquired 

from the in-use fleet found some vehicles to have leaks of various sizes [6].

Despite the quick and rudimentary nature of the inspection, it was often possible to 

isolate vapor emissions to specific components of the fuel-delivery or emission-control systems. 

Specific vapor sources were identified for 44% and 17% of all PSHED results in the pre-1996 

and the 1996-2010 model-year groups, respectively. However, for the vehicles having PSHED 

results ≥ 0.3 g/Qhr, the fractions are higher, with vapor sources identified for 54% and 76% of 

results in the pre-1996 and 1996-2010 model-year groups. Overall, 13 specific vapor sources 

were isolated, with the most common being the fuel tank, fill pipe, and canister. These three 

locations account for 66% of identified sources for all PSHED results. Results also show that 

most identified vapor sources exceeded 0.3 g/Qhr, with 64% to 70% of sources exceeding this

threshold attributed to these three locations.

The distributions of hot-soak emissions during the summer estimated from the 

measurements obtained at Ken Caryl station represent new data that is relevant to characterizing 

evaporative emissions at the fleet level in other contexts. However, the specific limitations of 

the study imply that the results cannot necessarily be generalized broadly without taking steps to 

account for differences in conditions. The effects of ambient temperature, fuel volatility, and 

barometric pressure need to be considered in generalizing these results.

However, taken together, the emission data and the mechanic’s inspection information 

suggest that the “hot-soak” emissions measured in this work occur as a result of either canister 

breakthrough or leaks in the fuel and evaporative emission control systems of the vehicles 

evaluated. Furthermore, in many cases, the measured rates exceeded the 0.3 g/Qhr value 

expected for a hot-soak.
5-4
6-1

6.0 References

1. T.H. DeFries, J.H. Lindner, S. Kishan, C.F. Palacios, “Investigation of Techniques for 

High Evaporative Emissions Vehicle Detection: Denver Summer 2008 Pilot Study at 

Lipan Street Station,” Version 4, submitted to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 

prepared by Eastern Research Group, EPA-091209, December 9, 2009.

2. E. Ellsworth, “Assessment of Light-duty Vehicle Evaporative Emission Control 

Technology,” US EPA, Office of Mobile Source Air Pollution Control, Evap. 75-3.

3. S. Kishan, T.H. DeFries, R.F. Klausmeier, “CRC-Radian Evaporative Emissions Model: 

EVAP 2.0, 1987 Annual Report,” Report, CRC-880524, prepared for Coordinating 

Research Council, May 24, 1988.

4. T.H. DeFries, S. Kishan, R.F. Klausmeier, “CRC-Radian Evaporative Emissions Model: 

EVAP 2.0, 1988 Annual Report,” Report, CRC-891229, prepared for Coordinating 

Research Council, December 29, 1989.

5. T.H. DeFries, S. Kishan, R.F. Klausmeier, “CRC-Radian Evaporative Emissions Model: 

Evaluation of Time and Driving Effects,” Report, CRC-920504, prepared for 

Coordinating Research Council, May 4, 1992.

6. CRC E-77 reports: Haskew, H., Liberty, T. (2008). “Vehicle Evaporative Emission 

Mechanisms: A Pilot Study,” CRC Project E-77; Haskew, H., Liberty, T. (2010).

“Enhanced Evaporative Emission Vehicles (CRC E-77-2)”; Haskew, H., Liberty, T.

(2010). “Evaporative Emissions from In-Use Vehicles: Test Fleet Expansion (CRC E-77-

2b)”; Haskew, H., Liberty, T. (2010). “Study to Determine Evaporative Emission 

Breakdown, Including Permeation Effects and Diurnal Emissions Using E20 Fuels on 

Aging Enhanced Evaporative Emissions Certified Vehicles,” CRC E-77-2c.

7. H.M. Haskew, T.F. Liberty, D. McClement, “Fuel Permeation from Automotive 

Systems,” CRC Project No. E-65, prepared for California Air Resources Board and 

Coordinating Research Council, prepared by Harold Haskew & Associates and 

Automotive Testing Laboratories, September 2004.

8. D. Amlin, R. Carlisle, S. Kishan, R.F. Klausmeier, H. Haskew, “Evaporative Emissions 

Impact of Smog Check,” prepared for California Bureau of Automotive Repair, prepared 

by California Bureau of Automotive Repair, Eastern Research Group, de la Torre 

Klausmeier Consulting, Harold Haskew & Associates, September 15, 2000.

9. D. McClement, “Raw Fuel Leak Survey in I/M Lanes,” prepared for American Petroleum 

Institute and Coordinating Research Council, prepared by Automotive Testing 

Laboratories, Mesa, Arizona, June 10, 1998.

10. L.C. Landman, “Evaporative Emissions of Gross Liquid Leakers in MOBILE6,” 

M6.EVP.009, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA420-R-01-024, April 2001.
6-2

11. G.A. Bishop, J.R. Starkey, A. Ihlenfeldt, W.J. Williams, D.H. Stedman, “IR long-path 

photometry: a remote sensing tool for automobile emissions,” Analytical Chemistry,

61(10): 671A-677A.

12. C. Mazzoleni, H.D. Kuhns, H. Moosmüller, R.E. Keislar, P.W. Barber, N.F. Robinson, 

J.G. Watson, D. Nikolic, “On-road vehicle particulate matter and gaseous emission 

distributions in Las Vegas, Nevada, compared with other areas,” Journal of the Air & 

Waste Management Association, 54: 711-726, June, 2004.

13. G.A. Bishop, D.H. Stedman, “A decade of on-road emissions measurements,” 

Environmental Science and Technology, 42(5):1651-1656, 2008.

14. H. J. Williamson, “Measures Useful for Identifying Vehicles with High Evaporative 

Emissions, ” CACI-081222, submitted to Eastern Research Group, prepared by CACI, 

Austin, Texas, December 28, 2008.

15. J.H. Lindner, T.H. DeFries, “Evaluation of Portable SHED Characteristics,” Version 2, 

prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-120225, revised February 25,

2012.

16. J.M. Kemper, “Lab SHED / Portable SHED Comparison,” presented at High Evap Field 

Study Project Meeting, February 4, 2010, Denver, Colorado. Contact Jim Kemper at 

CDPHE for detailed information on testing.

17. K. Linnet, “Estimation of the Linear Relationship Between the Measurements of Two 

Methods with Proportional Errors,” Statistics in Medicine, Volume 9, pages 1463-1473, 

1990.
Appendix A

Measurement of Exhaust and Evaporative Hydrocarbons

by Remote-Sensing

A-1

Some background on the operation of and calculations by the ESP RSD4000/4600 

instrument is useful for understanding the conditions under which RSD might be able to detect 

vehicle running-loss emissions. The detailed calculations are specific to the instruments used in 

the Ken Caryl study; however, the use of the RSD optical data should, in general, apply to any 

RSD instrument. 

The pollutants in the exhaust gas coming from the tailpipe of a vehicle are assumed to be 

well mixed and are assumed to be released from only the tailpipe outlet. It is also assumed that 

after emission from the tailpipe, the HC, CO, NO, and CO2 all disperse into the ambient air at the 

same rate.

When a vehicle drives past the RSD instrument, the RSD light beam passes through a 

portion of the dispersing tailpipe plume. The instrument measures the attenuation of IR or UV 

light caused by the presence of the chemical species in the plume 50 times at 10ms intervals. The 

size of the attenuation is the product of the concentration and the pathlength and therefore has 

units of ppm-cm for HC and NO and %-cm for CO and CO2. If the only source of the pollutants 

is the tailpipe exhaust, and if the ambient air has no pollutants, then the ratios of attenuations of 

any two pollutants will be constant for multiple readings taken in a vehicle’s exhaust plume even 

though the pollutant concentrations change as the plume disperses. Figure A-1 shows example 

time traces of the attenuations of HC, CO, NO, and CO2 as recorded by an RSD instrument for 

Test Set 18 and VDF 5 from the summer 2008 feasibility study [1]. The plot clearly shows that 

for this case, which does not have running-loss emissions, the attenuations move up and down 

together with time. That is, ignoring the different vertical scales, the time traces of all four 

pollutants have very similar shapes.
A-2

Figure A-1. Time Histories with Zero Running-Loss Emissions and 1100 ppmC3

Tailpipe HC Emissions

However, the purpose of the RSD instrument is not to determine the time dependence of 

the pollutant attenuations but instead is to determine the exhaust concentration of the pollutants 

at a given moment in time. Estimating the pollutant exhaust concentrations requires two steps. In 

the first step, the instrument uses the assumption that exhaust pollutant gases disperse together 

from the common exhaust point. If this is true, then plots of the attenuations of one pollutant 

against the attenuations of any other pollutant should produce a straight line passing through the 

origin. Figure A-2 shows the HC, CO, and NO attenuations plotted against the CO2 attenuations 

for the data shown in Figure A-1. The plot shows that the lines are quite straight with little 

scatter and pass near the origin.

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Time (msec)

Pollutant Absorbance

HC (ppm-cm) / 100

CO (%-cm)

CO2 (%-cm)

NOx (ppm-cm) / 100
A-3

Figure A-2. Pollutant Attenuations with Zero Running-Loss Emissions and 1100 

ppmC3 Tailpipe HC Emissions Versus CO2 with Regression Lines Superimposed

If ambient pollutants are present before the vehicle passes by, then the instrument will 

also pick up contributions to the attenuations from the background. The RSD4000/4600 

instrument attempts to correct for the background by taking a measurement of all four pollutants 

just before the vehicle blocks the beam. These “front bumper” background attenuation values are 

subtracted from the raw tailpipe plume attenuation values to arrive at the background-corrected 

attenuation values that are used to calculate the tailpipe emissions concentrations. The 50 10ms 

attenuation observations provided with each RSD measurement and those plotted in Figures A-1 

and A-2 have already had the background correction applied. Thus, if the background correction 

is accurate, plots of HC, CO, and NO attenuations versus CO2 attenuation should always pass 

through the origin. However, the data shows that for vehicles with no running-loss emissions the 

regression lines through the data almost never pass through the origin and generally tend to have 

positive pollutant attenuation intercept values.

The RSD3000 calculation method, which is also known as Method B, uses the slope of 

the regression of the HC attenuation versus CO2 attenuation to calculate the concentration of HC 

relative to CO2. On the other hand, the RSD4000 calculation, which is also known as Method A, 

uses the sum of the HC attenuations divided by the sum of the CO2 attenuations to determine the 

concentration of HC relative to CO2. 

The second step in the calculation uses combustion stoichiometry. The RSD instrument 

calculations assume a particular composition for gasoline that contains carbon, hydrogen, and 

oxygen which when combusted with air will produce a mixture of HC, CO, NO, and CO2. The 

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

CO2 (%-cm)

Pollutant Absorbance

HC (ppm-cm) / 100

CO (%-cm)

NOx (ppm-cm) / 100
A-4

balanced chemical equation for this reaction is then used to convert the relative pollutant 

concentrations as determined from the slopes of the 50 10ms attenuation measurements of the 

RSD instrument into estimates of the absolute pollutant concentrations by assuming that the 

gasoline in the vehicle has approximately the same composition as the average gasoline used for 

the calculations. This second step is used both for Method A and Method B calculations.

The RSD4600 instrument uses the measured attenuations of HC, CO, NO, and CO2 plus 

the combustion stoichiometry of the combustion of typical gasoline to arrive at the reported RSD 

concentrations for the four pollutants. The RSD4600’s reported concentrations obey the 

following equation:

[CO2] = 150537.66 - 0.7168 * [CO] - 0.3011 * [HC] - 0.3584 * [NO]

where: [CO2] is the CO2 concentration in ppm,

[CO] is the CO concentration in ppm,

[HC] is the HC concentration in ppmC3, i.e., ppm Propane, and

[NO] is the NO concentration in ppm.

Now, consider the situation when running-loss emissions are present. Running-loss 

emissions from a vehicle are predominantly HC (some oxygenates may be present if the fuel 

contains them) and can be emitted from the vehicle from one or multiple sources but the source 

of running-loss emissions will never be the tailpipe. Accordingly, the characteristics of 

dispersion of running-loss emissions will be different from the dispersion of the tailpipe 

emissions. Running-loss emissions can be emitted as vapor or as leaking liquid gasoline. Since 

the RSD instrument can detect only vapor, liquid leaks must at least partially evaporate for an 

RSD instrument to detect them. A vehicle’s running-loss emissions plume will not necessarily 

intermingle with its tailpipe plume. However, the running-loss emissions plume may pass 

through the RSD instrument’s light beam at the same time that the tailpipe plume is passing 

through the light beam. When a running-loss emissions plume does this, it will cause the HC 

attenuation to be larger than it would be if the running-loss emissions were not present. 

Figure A-3 shows the time series of the attenuations for the audit truck for Test Set 18 

and VDF 11 when running-loss and tailpipe emissions were forced to occur in the feasibility 

study. In this case, the shapes of the time series for CO, NO, and CO2 are similar to each other, 

but the shape of the time series for HC is different. Comparison of the HC trend with the CO, 

NO, and CO2 trends indicates that the HC attenuation has a large increase beginning at about 

100ms. This trend is much more obvious when the attenuations for the time series are plotted 

versus the CO2 attenuations as shown in Figure A-4. While the CO versus CO2 and NO versus 

CO2 plots remain as straight lines, the HC versus CO2 curve shows an increase in HC attenuation 

relative to CO2 attenuation and also shows a non-linear behavior. The quantification of this nonlinear behavior can be used to develop an RSD running-loss emissions index. 
A-5

Figure A-3. Time Histories with 15 scfh Running-Loss Emissions and 1100 

ppmC3 Tailpipe HC Emissions

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

Time (msec)

Pollutant Absorbance

HC (ppm-cm) / 100

CO (%-cm)

CO2 (%-cm)

NOx (ppm-cm) / 100
A-6

Figure A-4. Pollutant Attenuations with 15 scfh Running-Loss Emissions and 

1100 ppmC3 Tailpipe HC Emissions with Regression Lines Superimposed

Methods A and B use two different calculations that are both based on the same 50 10ms 

attenuation pairs to arrive at different estimates of vehicle HC concentrations. The following 

discussion demonstrates how the difference between the reported values (A-B) by the two 

methods provides an initial RSD running-loss index.

Figure A-5 contains actual HC and CO2 attenuation data from an RSD beam block of the 

audit truck when it was producing simulated exhaust emissions but no simulated running-loss

emissions. The slope of the line (blue dashed line) that connects the origin with the centroid of 

the HC attenuation versus CO2 attenuation cluster of points represents the Method A result. 

When the Method B regression line (red solid line) through the string of points passes through or 

near the origin, as in Figure A-5, the slopes calculated by Methods A and B will be close to each 

other and will therefore produce similar RSD HC reported values. 

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

CO2 (%-cm)

Pollutant Absorbance

HC (ppm-cm) / 100

CO (%-cm)

NOx (ppm-cm) / 100
A-7

Figure A-5. Pollutant Attenuations with No Running-Loss Emissions and 1100 

ppmC3 Tailpipe HC Emissions with Methods A and B Lines Superimposed

On the other hand, consider Figure A-6 which contains actual RSD attenuation values for 

a case where the audit truck had simulated exhaust emissions and high artificial running-loss 

emissions. In this case, for Method A, the slope of the dashed blue line connecting the origin 

with the centroid of the string of points has a slope that is much larger than the slope of the red 

solid line through the points by regression. Thus, the reported value of RSD HC by Method A 

would be substantially larger than the value reported by Method B. The reason that the slope by 

Method A is larger than the corresponding line in Figure A-5 is that the HC attenuation values 

have been shifted higher because of the presence of the running-loss emissions. When runningloss emissions are present but are not extremely high, the HC attenuations would be higher than 

if running-loss emissions were not present but not as high as they are when running-loss 

emissions are higher. 

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

0 10 20 30 40

CO2 (%-cm)

HC (ppm-cm) / 100

HC/100 vs. CO2

Method A line

Method B line
A-8

Figure A-6. Pollutant Attenuations with 15 scfh Running-Loss Emissions and 

1100 ppmC3 Tailpipe HC Emissions with Methods A and B Lines Superimposed

The set of 50 10ms HC and CO2 photometric attenuation values that are obtained during 

each RSD measurement could be used to develop a useful measure of the running-loss emissions 

that a vehicle produces. Many different candidate RSD running-loss emissions indices could be 

developed from the 50 10-ms values. A search for better performing indices was made. The 

twenty-third attempt produced EI23, the running-loss emissions index used in the Ken Caryl 

study. 

The key concept for EI23 is that the amount in the scatter of the 50 10ms data points 

around the HC vs. CO2 regression line is correlated with the running-loss rate. The detailed 

algorithm for calculating EI23 is given below. The basic idea is that the ninetieth percentile 

residual of the regression of the HC vs. CO2 attenuations is a measure of the running-loss 

emissions. The largest residual is not used since it would be quite susceptible to noise. The 

average residual is not used because the running-loss plume might waft through the RSD light 

beam for just a fraction of the 500ms sensing period. Both of these types of events were observed 

in the RSD data from the feasibility study.

An evaluation of the performance of the EI23 running-loss index was made against the 

RSD data collected in the feasibility study since the true running-loss emissions rates were 

known. The evaluation revealed that while EI23 could detect large running-loss emissions rates, 

EI23 was also affected by vehicle speed, exhaust HC concentration, and a few types of noise in 

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

CO2 (%-cm)

HC (ppm-cm) / 100

HC/100 vs. CO2

Method A line

Method B line
A-9

the RSD attenuation data. These trends are explained as follows. As vehicle speed increases, the 

data points on the HC vs. CO2 attenuation plot move toward the origin and the value of EI23 

decreases because all regression residuals are smaller. As the exhaust HC concentration increases, 

the signal from running-loss HC is swamped by the signal from exhaust HC. Noise in the raw 

RSD attenuation data interferes with the running-loss signal in the data since the running-loss 

signal is basically a noise signal.

Because of the dependences of EI23 on speed and exhaust HC concentration, a 

transformation of EI23, called “EI23 Bin” was created in an attempt to reduce these two 

dependences. The remainder of this appendix also describes the detailed calculations for 

determining EI23 Bin from EI23. Values of EI23 Bin based on the remote-sensing measurements 

were used as the screening index in the Ken Caryl study to sample vehicles for solicitation. 

Appendix B provides a comparison of RSD evaporative emissions index EI23 with known 

running-loss emission rates.
A-10

Algorithm for Calculating EI23 and EI23 Bin

Calculation of RSD Evap Index 23 (EI23)

a) The RSD Evap Index 23 is calculated from the 50 10ms HC and CO2 concentrationpathlength values obtained by the instrument. Note that the concentration-pathlength 

measurements, also sometimes known as optical depths, are standard quantities measured 

by many types of spectrometers including remote sensing instruments. They are not 

unique or proprietary to instruments produced by any particular manufacturer.

b) Collect the 50 10ms HC and CO2 data for the beam block. The observations are 

numbered 0 through 49.

c) Delete observations 0, 1, 2, and 3.

d) Delete all observations that have a flag of asterisk (*). Note: An asterisk flag occurs when 

the plume is truncated and no subsequent 10ms information is available for that plume. 

This can occur, for example, when a tailgater truncates data acquisition of the plume from 

the vehicle in front of it.

e) Delete all observations that have a flag of hyphen (-). Note: A hyphen flag occurs when 

data acquisition of the plume is temporarily interrupted but more 10ms information is 

available for that plume after the interruption.

f) Count the number N of observations that remain after these deletions are made.

f) Perform a linear ordinary least squares regression of HC (ppm-cm) on CO2 of the 

remaining N observations of the form: HC = a + b * CO2, where a and b are constants.

g) Calculate the residual for each of the N observations in the regression. The residual is 

defined as the observed (or measured) HC minus the predicted (or fitted) HC.

i) Divide N (the number of remaining observations) by 10. Round the result to the nearest 

whole number and call the result X.

h) Sort the N residuals from the largest to the smallest. (Note: -6 is smaller than -4)

j) Find the Xth largest residual. 

k) The value of the Xth largest residual is the value of EI23.

EI23 Dependences 

Generally, EI23 seems to be linear with the evaporative HC mass emissions flow rate. However, 

EI23 also has a small dependence on exhaust HC in two ways and a dependence on vehicle 

speed in at least one way. Nevertheless, when exhaust HC is high and evaporative emissions are 

low, the presence of the exhaust HC can cause EI23 to overestimate the volume of evaporative 

hydrocarbon present. Second, exhaust HC causes the variability of EI23 to be larger than when 

no exhaust HC is present. This means that we are even less certain of the amount of evaporative 

emissions. 

The value of EI23 decreases with vehicle speed. This is a consequence of the increased 

dispersion of the evaporative emissions plume at higher speeds. If the speed dependence of the 

dispersion of evaporative emissions from a vehicle is like the wind speed dependence of the 

dispersion of large plumes from stationary sources, the dependence of the RSD evaporative 

emissions signal might be proportional to the inverse of the vehicle speed. The speeds of vehicles 

during the Selection RSDs in this study were around 12 mph since the RSD instrument was in 
A-11

the driveway of the I/M station. Accordingly, the dependence of EI23 on speed was not used to 

select vehicles.

Assignment of a Beam Block to an EI23 Bin

We have not found a reliable way to correct the dependences of EI23 on exhaust HC 

concentration, but these effects need to be accounted for so that the assignment of vehicles to 

EI23 Bins is not systematically biased. So, instead of correcting the values of EI23 themselves, 

the values of EI23 are binned using bin definitions that are dependent on the observed exhaust 

HC concentration. In the Ken Caryl study, we used the ESP instrument’s measure of exhaust HC 

concentration known as RSD Method B, but any reasonably good measurement of HC exhaust 

concentration could have been used. 

a) For the beam block, obtain the Method B HC concentration (HC_MethodB_ppmC3). 

This Method B algorithm, which is performed on the 4000/4600 series instrument, is a 

simulation the Method B algorithm used by the 3000 series instrument.

b) Use the following algorithm, the EI23 (ppm-cm), and HC_MethodB (ppmC3) to assign 

the beam block to an EI23 Bin. Because EI23 has a small but important dependence on 

the exhaust HC concentration, this dependence needs to be taken into account when 

assigning an EI23 value to an EI23 Bin. Otherwise, low evap beam blocks that happen to 

have high exhaust HC will get assigned to the wrong EI23 Bin:

For each beam block, calculate the lowest and highest expected value of lnln_ei23:

bottom_lnlnei23

= ln(ln( 78.536 + 79.005 * 0.00 + 0.014181 * HC_MethodB)) - 2*0.091

top_lnlnei23

= ln(ln( 78.536 + 79.005 * 15.0 + 0.014181 * HC_MethodB)) + 2*0.091

Note that these values represent upper and lower bounds for EI23, predicted on basis of 

experimental work with simulated evaporative and exhaust emissions, as described below. The 

constant taking values of 0.0 and 15.0 represents release rates of propane, simulating evaporative 

hydrocarbons, expressed in scfh.

Divide the range of expected lnln_ei23 into 8 bands. The size of the increment in lnlnei23 space 

(assuming 8 increments between the lower and upper ends of the range is given by:

increment = (top_lnlnei23_range - bottom_lnlnei23_range) / 8

Calculate the values of ei23 that divide the bins:

Divider_1 = exp(exp( bottom_lnlnei23 + 1 * increment ))

Divider_2 = exp(exp( bottom_lnlnei23 + 2 * increment ))

Divider_3 = exp(exp( bottom_lnlnei23 + 3 * increment ))

Divider_4 = exp(exp( bottom_lnlnei23 + 4 * increment ))

Divider_5 = exp(exp( bottom_lnlnei23 + 5 * increment ))
A-12

Divider_6 = exp(exp( bottom_lnlnei23 + 6 * increment ))

Divider_7 = exp(exp( bottom_lnlnei23 + 7 * increment ))

Now, assign the value of EI23 to the appropriate bin:

 if -9999999 LT ei23 LE Divider_1 then ei23bin = 1

else if Divider_1 LT ei23 LE Divider_2 then ei23bin = 2

else if Divider_2 LT ei23 LE Divider_3 then ei23bin = 3

else if Divider_3 LT ei23 LE Divider_4 then ei23bin = 4

else if Divider_4 LT ei23 LE Divider_5 then ei23bin = 5

else if Divider_5 LT ei23 LE Divider_6 then ei23bin = 6

else if Divider_6 LT ei23 LE Divider_7 then ei23bin = 7

 else if Divider_7 LT ei23 then ei23bin = 8

Because there are so few beam blocks above Divider_7, EI23 Bins 7 and 8 are combined:

if ei23bin = 8 then ei23bin = 7

Interpretation of EI23 Bins

Vehicles that fall into the higher numbered bins tend to have higher evaporative emissions than 

those that fall into lower numbered bins. However, the EI23 Bins should not be interpreted as if 

the evaporative emissions are proportional to the bin number. For example, vehicles in Bin 6 do 

not have twice the evaporative emissions of vehicles in Bin 3.

The width of each EI23 Bin represents approximately one standard deviation of the variability of 

a single EI23 measurement after accounting for the effects of the exhaust HC concentration on 

EI23. Thus, for a single RSD beam block, EI23 Bin differences of two or more bins can be 

thought of as a statistically significant difference. Thus, a beam block that produces a Bin 5 is 

significantly higher than a Bin 3 and lower than a Bin 7.

Another way to think of the EI23 Bins is derived from their distribution in a sample of vehicles 

from the fleet. The EI23 Bins for the 1916 beam blocks collected in August 2008 at the Lipan 

Street station that had speeds between 8.7 and 19.5 mph, with known model years, and with 

measured Method B HC concentrations, had the following distribution:

Bin % in Bin Cumulative De-Cumulative

7 0.94 % 0.94 % 100 %

6 0.99 % 1.93 % 99.06 %

5 2.61 % 4.54 % 98.07 %

4 8.30 % 12.84 % 95.46 %

3 25.1 % 37.9 % 87.2 %

2 44.1 % 82.0 % 62.1 %

1 18.0 % 100 % 18.0 %
A-13

Thus, most (~87%) vehicles in the fleet will likely be in Bins 1, 2, and 3. Vehicles in Bins 4 and 

5 will tend to be marginal evaporative emitters, although because of the large variability in EI23, 

some low evaporative and some high evaporative emitters will also be in Bins 4 and 5. Vehicles 

that fall into Bins 6 and 7 have the largest probability of being high evaporative emitters. For 

example, of the Lipan vehicles that received PSHED measurements, 5 of 8 (63%) Bin 6 vehicles 

and 9 of 11 (82%) Bin 7 vehicles had PSHED evaporative emissions greater than 3 grams / 15 

minutes. On the other hand, 9 of 117 (8%) of the Bin 1, 2, and 3 vehicles also had PSHED

evaporative emissions greater than 3 grams / 15 minutes.

Desired Solicitation Fraction by EI23 Bin

The following method was used to randomly solicit approximately 6% of Bin 1, 2, and 3 vehicles, 

30% of Bin 4 vehicles, and 100% of Bin 5, 6, and 7 vehicles. Each of the seven EI23 Bins will 

have a “Desired Solicitation Fraction (DSF)” between 0 and 1 assigned to it. The table below 

gives the values of the DSF used throughout the Ken Caryl project.

EI23 Bin DSF

1 0.06

2 0.06

3 0.06

4 0.30

5 1.00

6 1.00

7 1.00

When an eligible beam block occurred, the program assigned a random number from the uniform 

(0,1) distribution to the beam block. If the random number is less than or equal to the DSF, the 

vehicle associated with the beam block will be designated “Yes” – meaning: Solicit this vehicle. 

Otherwise, it will be designated “No” – meaning: Do not solicit this vehicle.
A-14

Development of a Strategy for Reducing the Influence of Exhaust HC on EI23 for the 

Purposes of Vehicle Selection at Ken Caryl

In 2008, CDPHE collected RSD data using an ESP 4600 instrument to collect measurements for 

multiple passes of the RSD audit truck driven at 12 mph. The engine exhaust of the audit truck 

was routed high over the cab so that the exhaust was unlikely to be detected by the RSD light 

beam. The audit truck was equipped with a gas bottle system that could release one of the 

following three artificial exhaust gas mixtures:

• 0 ppmC3 HC, 0% CO, 0ppm NO, and 15.07% CO2, dry

• 1100 ppmC3, 3.0% CO, 500ppm NO, and 12.92% CO2, dry

• 6015ppmC3, 5.0%CO, 250ppm NO, and 11.55% CO2, dry

The audit truck was also equipped with a system to release 100% propane at metered rates of 0, 

0.15, 0.45, 1.5, 4.5, or 15 scfh. These propane releases were used to simulate evaporative running 

loss emissions. 

A total of 598 RSD measurements including the 50 10-ms concentration*pathlength photometric 

measurements for HC, CO, NO, and CO2, and ESP’s Method A and B HC values were collected. 

The 50 photometric measurements of each pass by the RSD instrument were used to calculate an 

EI23 value for each pass.

The three simulated exhaust mixtures and the six propane release rates created 18 test conditions. 

Table A-1 shows the number of EI23 measurements taken at each test condition and statistics on 

the replicate EI23 measurements at each test condition.
A-15

Table A-1. Summary of Test Conditions and EI23 Results 

for the Audit Truck 12 mph Tests

Test Condition

Number of 

RSD 

Measurements

Evaporative Index (EI23)

Propane 

Release 

Rate 

(scfh)

Exhaust HC 

Concentration 

(ppmC3) Mean

Standard 

Deviation Variance

0

0 100 90 24 591

1100 100 83 21 453

6015 98 189 84 7,054

0.15

0 20 110 32 997

1100 20 139 80 6,383

6015 20 177 67 4,539

0.45

0 20 104 34 1,131

1100 20 152 94 8,855

6015 20 234 137 18,885

1.5

0 20 145 58 3,408

1100 20 200 111 12,227

6015 20 260 125 15,530

4.5

0 20 888 499 248,619

1100 20 782 593 351,627

6015 20 692 449 201,862

15

0 20 1808 1807 3,265,574

1100 20 1432 768 590,145

6015 20 1569 1567 2,454,228

The results in the table indicate that:

(1) EI23 increases with propane release rate at constant exhaust HC concentration, (2) EI23 

increases with exhaust HC concentration at constant propane release rate, and (3) the variance of 

the EI23 increases as the EI23 increases.

The 598 measured EI23 values were modeled against the propane release rate and the reported 

Method B HC concentrations. The Method B concentrations were used in the model since they 

would be available in any future measurements performed by any ESP instrument. 

Because of the large variation of the variances across test conditions, as seen in table A-1, the 

EI23 values were modeled using a weighted ordinary least squares regression using the inverses 

of the variances in Table A-1 as weighting factors. An initial regression indicated that the twofactor interaction between propane release rate and Method B HC concentration was not 
A-16

significant. Therefore, the final regression included only terms for propane release rate and HC 

by Method B. The predicted EI23 values are given by:

EI23 = 78.536 + 79.005 * Propane_scfhC3 + 0.014181 * ppmHC_MethodB

Figure A-7 shows the measured vs. predicted plot for the regression. The plot clearly shows the 

wide range of variabilities of the EI23 values at each test condition.

Figure A-7. Measured vs. Predicted EI23 for the Audit Truck Tests

(Linear Space)

It is important to recognize that any regression of Propane_scfh in terms of a measured EI23 

value and the observed exhaust Method B HC is affected by the high variability of the EI23 

values. While the regression can be performed, the predicted values of propane release rate do 

not correlate with the measured propane release rate. To provide a means of selecting vehicles in 

the Ken Caryl driveway using RSD, another approach was needed.

Since exhaust Method B HC concentration would be known as soon as a vehicle passed the RSD 

instrument, the regression equation simplifies to an expression for EI23 in terms of propane 

release rate. While the equation cannot be rearranged to estimate the propane release rate from 

the measured EI23, the measured EI23 values can be compared to various EI23 references that 

are associated with reference propane release rates. 

Figure A-7 shows the large range of variances for the 18 test conditions. The natural log of the 

measured EI23 values still had substantially inhomogeneous variances, but the natural log of the 
A-17

natural log of the measured EI23s had relatively homogeneous variances. This is demonstrated 

by Figure A-8, which also shows the linear trend of the measured vs. predicted values. An 

analysis of the ln of the ln of the measured values across the 18 test conditions indicates a 

standard deviation of 0.091, a value in ln(ln(EI23))-space.

Figure A-8. Measured vs. Predicted EI23 for the Audit Truck Tests

(Log-Log Space)

The range of ln(ln(EI23)) values extends from a low point about 2 standard deviations below the 

estimated value of ln(ln(EI23)) for a propane release rate of 0scfh and an exhaust Method B HC 

of 0ppm to a high point about 2 standard deviations above the estimated value of ln(ln(EI23)) for 

a propane release rate of 15 scfh and an exhaust Method B HC of 6015ppm. These ln(ln(EI23)) 

values are estimated by the regression equation to be 1.291 and 2.157, respectively. We divide 

that range into 8 bands that can be used to assign each EI23 value to a bin that corresponds to an 

approximate range of propane release rates, which are in turn estimates of running-loss emission 

rates. The locations of the bin dividers move up as the exhaust Method B HC concentration 

moves up. Figures A-9, 10, and 11 show where measured EI23 values for the audit truck fall 

with respect to their EI23 Bins, for exhaust Method B HC concentrations of 0, 1100, and 6015 

ppm, respectively.
A-18

Figure A-9. Audit Truck EI23 Measurements for 0ppm HC Exhaust Concentration 

with 0, 0.15, 0.45, 1.5, 4.5, and 15 scfh Propane Release Rates

Figure A-10. Audit Truck EI23 Measurements for 1100ppm HC Exhaust 

Concentration with 0, 0.15, 0.45, 1.5, 4.5, and 15 scfh Propane Release Rates

0scfh 0.15scfh 0.45scfh

1.5scfh 4.5scfh 15scfh

Propane Injection Rates

EI23 Bin = 8

EI23 Bin = 7

EI23 Bin = 6

EI23 Bin = 5

EI23 Bin = 4

EI23 Bin = 3

EI23 Bin = 2

EI23 Bin = 1

0scfh

0.15scfh

0.45scfh

1.5scfh 4.5scfh 15scfh

Propane Injection Rates

EI23 Bins

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1
A-19

Figure A-11. Audit Truck EI23 Measurements for 6015ppm HC Exhaust 

Concentration with 0, 0.15, 0.45, 1.5, 4.5, and 15 scfh Propane Release Rates

0scfh

0.15scfh

0.45scfh

1.5scfh 4.5scfh 15scfh

Propane Injection Rates

EI23 Bin = 8

EI23 Bin = 7

EI23 Bin = 6

EI23 Bin = 5

EI23 Bin = 4

EI23 Bin = 3

EI23 Bin = 2

EI23 Bin = 1
A-20
Appendix B

Comparison of RSD Evaporative Emissions Index EI23 with Known 

Running-Loss Emission Rates

B-1

The EI23 evaporative emissions index was used to select vehicles as they entered the 

driveway of the Ken Caryl I/M station for possible inclusion in this study’s sample. In this 

appendix selected data taken in the feasibility study is used to demonstrate the influence of 

various factors on the value of EI23 to show that EI23 carries information about running-loss

emissions rate in the I/M station Driveway RSD measurement environment. In summary, EI23s 

measured at the low speeds in the driveway (about 12 mph) can detect running-loss emissions 

only under the best circumstances if the running-loss emission rate is above about 18 g/Qhr 

(grams per 15 minutes). However, under some circumstances when running-loss rates are lower 

than 18 g/Qhr, EI23 can still carry running-loss information, meaning that EI23 is associated 

with the probability that running-losses are greater than zero. These findings mean that EI23 has 

potential in the Ken Caryl study to be used as an evaporative emissions screening tool to enrich 

the sample with elevated evaporative emissions vehicles.

The Ken Caryl I/M station fleet of interest in this study is made up of light-duty gasoline 

vehicles with model years from 1961 to 2010. These vehicles will have a wide range of exhaust 

emissions and running-loss emissions. They will drive past the Driveway RSD unit at relatively 

low speeds near 12 mph, but the speeds will not be the same for all vehicles. The running-losses 

of the vehicles may be generated from gasoline vapor or liquid gasoline and they may be 

generated at one or more locations on the vehicle. The feasibility study data indicates that EI23 

can be used in this study to detect elevated running-losses in many, but not all, situations. 

The figures in this section present a portion of the feasibility data. Each plot in the figures 

shows the cumulative distribution of 20 replicate EI23 values measured at each test condition. 

These plots can be used to judge if a given running-loss rate is capable of being detected by a 

single EI23 measurement. The commonly used standard for detection used for analytical 

instruments is applied to the EI23 and running-loss situation: If the mean of the EI23 when 

running-losses are present and the mean EI23 when running-losses are not present are different 

by more than three standard deviations of the distribution of EI23s when running-losses are not 

present, then the running-loss is detected. For the purposes of visually judging detection from the 

plots in this section, the definition is approximated for this evaluation by: If the median of the 

EI23 when running-losses are present is larger than the largest EI23 value of the 20 values in the 

EI23 distribution when running-losses are not present, then the running-loss is detected. 

Figure B-1 shows some of the results for Test Vehicle 1, a 2008 Ford Escape, which had 

an average exhaust HC concentration near 0 ppmC3. The EI23 values were measured at 12, 34, 

and 55 mph and with under-hood propane release rates of 0, 0.15, 0.45, 1.5, 4.5, and 15 scfh. 

Typically, 20 replicate RSD measurements were made at each speed / propane release rate 

combination. Each cumulative EI23 curve in each Figure B-1 plot shows the range of EI23 

values for each condition with the values sorted in ascending order. For example, the blue curve 

in Figure B-1a indicates that for 12 mph and 4.5 scfh propane the EI23 values ranged from about 

250 to 1000 with a median of about 500. The repeatability for EI23s at this condition is therefore 

about +200% and -50%. The black curve with the dots shows the location of the EI23 

distribution when no propane was released (0 scfh propane). Thus, the difference in location of a 

colored curve and the black curve shows the effect of the propane being released.
B-2

Figure B-1. EI23 Distributions for 6 Propane Under-Hood Propane Release Rates 

for Test Vehicle 1 (Exhaust HC = 0 ppmC3) at 3 Speeds

a) 12 mph

b) 34 mph

c) 55 mph
B-3

Using the definition of detection discussed earlier, Figure B-1a, which is for 12 mph, 

indicates that the upper three propane release rates (1.5, 4.5, and 15 scfh) are detected by EI23. 

Note that in Figure B-1a the median (y-axis = 0.5) of the green curve for 1.5 scfh is just larger 

than the largest value of the 0 scfh curve (black dots). But the medians of the red and orange 

curves for 0.15 and 0.45 scfh are within the range of the 0 scfh EI23 values. This behavior 

suggests that at 12 mph, EI23 can distinguish propane release rates of 1.5 scfh or larger (18 

g/Qhr or larger) from zero running-loss emissions. EI23 carries running-loss information for 

release rates below 1.5 scfh since the red 0.15 scfh curve and the orange 0.45 scfh curve are 

slightly above the black 0 scfh curve, but the noise in the EI23 values makes detection of 

running-loss emissions unreliable for release rates below 1.5 scfh based on a single RSD 

measurement for a vehicle. However, Figure B-1a suggests that at release rates below 1.5 scfh, 

EI23 may best be used as a screening test to increase the probability of selecting a vehicle that 

has elevated running-loss emissions.

At 34 mph, Figure B-1b shows that 0.15 and 0.45 scfh propane are not distinguishable 

from 0 scfh. Therefore, at those running-loss levels EI23 does not carry much running-loss 

information and certainly cannot detect propane. Since the medians for the 1.5 scfh, 4.5 scfh, and 

15 scfh curves are all above the largest 0 scfh EI23 value, these running-loss rates ate detectable 

at 34 mph. 

Similarly, Figure B-1c shows that at 55 mph the EI23 distributions for 0.15 scfh, 0.45 

scfh, and 1.5 scfh are close to the same location as for 0 scfh, and therefore those running-loss 

rates are not detected. The median for the blue curve for 4.5 scfh is not larger than the largest 0 

scfh value, but the blue curve is substantially shifted with respect to the 0 scfh curve. In this 

situation, running-losses are not able to be detected based on a single EI23 value. However, 

because the blue curve is shifted with respect to the black curve, EI23 can be used to estimate the 

probability that the running-loss is greater than 0 scfh. In contrast, the purple 15 scfh EI23 

distribution is almost completely resolved from the black 0 scfh distribution, indicating that at 55 

mph 15 scfh can be detected. 

Taken altogether, the plots in Figure B-1 show that as speed increases, the EI23 

distributions for all non-zero propane release rates shift lower toward the EI23 distribution for 0 

scfh propane. As the vehicle speed increases, EI23 becomes less able to detect the propane 

releases and, for those low running-loss rates that cannot be detected, EI23 becomes less able to 

estimate even the probability that the running-loss is greater than 0 scfh. However, since EI23 

was used to select vehicles in the Ken Caryl study using EI23 at 12 mph in the station driveway, 

the EI23 performance in the vicinity of 12 mph needs to be examined in more detail. The next 

two paragraphs evaluate the effects of running-loss release point and exhaust HC concentration 

while keeping speed constant at 12 mph.

Another area of testing in the feasibility study was the influence of the release point of 

the propane on the vehicle. Figure B-2 shows the results for release location testing on Test 

Vehicle 2, a 1992 Oldsmobile Eighty-Eight at 12 mph. The spark plug wire on cylinder 5 was

disconnected to cause this vehicle to have an exhaust HC concentration of about 2000 ppmC3. 

On this vehicle, propane was released at 4.5 scfh under the hood, at the top of the gas tank, and at 

the fuel fill door. Comparison of the 4.5 scfh EI23 distributions in the figure show that while the 

three locations produced shifts with respect to each other, all three locations were clearly 
B-4

distinguishable from the 0 scfh EI23 distributions. The EI23 could detect the running-loss 

emissions in any of the three release locations.

Because the RSD instrument has a single HC detection channel, exhaust HC may 

interfere with the detection of running-loss HC. The test results in Figure B-3 show this effect for 

the audit truck. In these tests the audit truck had a simulated exhaust gas that contained CO, CO2, 

NO, and either 0, 1100, or 6015 ppmC3 propane, but no water vapor. The running-loss propane 

release rate was either 0 or 4.5 scfh. The plots show that as the exhaust HC concentration 

increases, the separation between the 0 scfh and the 4.5 scfh EI23 distributions gets smaller. The 

plots indicate that this is caused by an increase in the EI23 values for the 0 scfh situation rather 

than a decrease in the EI23 values for the 4.5 scfh situation. In any case, while the presence of 

exhaust HC tends to reduce the running-loss signal as measured by EI23, EI23 is still able to 

detect the running-losses when the exhaust HC is 0 or 1100 ppmC3. However, when the exhaust 

HC is 6015 ppmC3, the detection of 4.5 scfh was just barely detectable.

In some situations running-losses occur by the direct release of liquid gasoline. The 

feasibility study tested this situation at 12 mph by metering gasoline releases from a thin plastic 

tubing so that drops could fall directly to the pavement without first hitting the vehicle or being 

rolled over by the tires. When the vehicle was at rest, the drops of gasoline were confirmed to be 

hitting the pavement. However, as the vehicle moves – even at 12 mph – the rate of gasoline 

evaporation from the droplets is expected to be higher than when the vehicle is at rest. RSD can 

detect HC only in the vapor phase; therefore, some evaporation of the gasoline is required for 

liquid running-losses to be detected. This requirement for volatilization imposes a greater burden 

on EI23 to detect liquid gasoline running-losses.

Figure B-4 shows the results for liquid gasoline releases at 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mL/s 

from the front bumper and the rear bumper with the vehicle traveling at 12 mph. Test Vehicle 7 

was a 2001 Chevrolet Blazer with an average exhaust HC concentration near 0 ppmC3. The EI23 

distributions in Figure B-4a and B-4b show increasing EI23 distributions as the gasoline release 

rate increases. Figure B-4a shows that 0.1, 0.5, and 1 mL/s liquid gasoline releases from the front 

bumper were detected by EI23. The 0.05 mL/s rate was border-line detected. However, Figure B4b shows that only 0.5 and 1 mL/s liquid gasoline releases from the rear bumper were detected. 

The distributions of the EI23 values for the rear bumper are lower than those for the front 

bumper, presumably because releases from the front bumper have more time to evaporate than 

releases from the back bumper. The 0.1 mL/s release rate EI23 distributions are both 

distinguishable from their 0 mL/s EI23 distributions and therefore under those conditions EI23 

carries some running-loss information. A 0.1 mL/s gasoline release rate is approximately equal 

to 68 grams of gasoline per 15 minutes. 

Finally, Figure B-5 shows the same type of liquid gasoline testing on Test Vehicle 6, 

which was a mal-maintained 1990 Chevrolet Lumina with an exhaust HC concentration of about 

19,000 ppmC3. In this situation, which was similar to but more extreme than the high exhaust 

HC concentration results shown in Figure B-3c, the high exhaust HC concentration hindered the 

EI23’s ability to clearly detect the liquid gasoline releases. Nevertheless, the curves in the figures 

show some ability to estimate the probability that the running-loss emissions were larger than 0 

scfh from the front and rear bumpers of the vehicle.
B-5

Figure B-2. EI23 Distributions for 2 Propane Release Rates

for Test Vehicle 2 (Exhaust HC = 2000 ppmC3) at 12 mph at 3 Locations

a) Under Hood

b) Top of Gas Tank

c) Fuel Fill Door
B-6

Figure B-3. EI23 Distributions for 2 Propane Fuel-Fill-Door Propane Release Rates 

for Audit Truck at 12 mph for 3 Exhaust HC Concentrations

a) 0 ppmC3

b) 1100 ppmC3

c) 6015 ppmC3
B-7

Figure B-4. EI23 Distributions for 5 Liquid Gasoline Release Rates

for Test Vehicle 7 (Exhaust HC = 0 ppmC3) at 12 mph at 2 Locations

a) Front Bumper

b) Rear Bumper
B-8

Figure B-5. EI23 Distributions for 5 Liquid Gasoline Release Rates

for Test Vehicle 6 (Exhaust HC = 19000 ppmC3) at 12 mph at 2 Locations

a) Left Front Wheel

b) Rear Bumper
B-9

Overall, the feasibility testing results indicate that EI23 can detect running-loss emissions 

on vehicles traveling at about 12 mph if the conditions are favorable. 

6. EI23 can distinguish propane release rates of 1.5 scfh or larger (18 grams per 15 

minutes or larger) from zero running-loss emissions. 

7. At release rates below 1.5 scfh propane, EI23 may be used as a screening test to 

select vehicles with a higher probability of having elevated running-loss 

emissions.

8. EI23 can detect running-losses from different release locations on the vehicle.

9. EI23 can detect liquid gasoline releases but with a poorer detection limit than for 

vapor releases.

10. Exhaust HC reduces EI23’s sensitivity to running-losses, but the effect is small 

for exhaust HC concentrations from 0 to 6000 ppmC3, which is the dominant 

range of exhaust HC concentrations for fleet vehicles.
B-10
Appendix C

Sample Blank Data Packet

SOP011_DataPacket-090707.doc Packet ID:__________

C-1

Packet ID______(give to all RSD vans)

Selection VDF______Bin___ (get from Selection RSD van)

Recruiter Contact Date ________

Recruiter Contact Time ________

Make__________ Model_________

MY____________ Color_________

Y N Full Time or All Wheel Drive or Traction Control

Rear Plate State Metal Paper

Front Plate State Metal Paper

Other Plate State Metal Paper

Participant: Yes No

Participant First Name ________________

Ken Caryl IM Station

10727 Centennial Road

Littleton, Colorado 80127
SOP011_DataPacket-090707.doc Packet ID:__________

C-2

Recruiter First Contact

Are you the owner of this vehicle? Y N

Is this a Fleet Vehicle? Y N

Is this your normal, every-day car? Y N

(no cream puffs, collector’s cars, mechanics specials)

Your vehicle is eligible for this study. Are you

interested in hearing about the project? Y N

I, _____________________, would like to participate in this study.

 (printed name)

I have received $_________ to participate in this project.

____________________________

 Signature

____________________________

 Date
SOP011_DataPacket-090707.doc Packet ID:__________

C-3

Driver Questionnaire

1. On average, approximately how many miles is this vehicle driven 

annually (12,000 is average)?

(a)< 8,000 (b) 8,000-12,000 (c)12,000-24,000 (d) > 24,000 (e) Don’t know

2. How long have you owned your car? ________ months / years OR

We got this vehicle on _______________ (month/year date) Don’t know

3. At night, do you park this vehicle: 

(a) Inside a garage (b) Outside/Carport (c) Both

4. When was the last time you fueled your vehicle?

(a) Last 24 hours (b) 1 to 2 days ago (c) 3 to 5 days ago 

 (d) Greater than 5 days ago (e) Don’t know

5. Does this vehicle get regular, routine maintenance?

(a) Yes (b) No (c) Don’t know

6. When was the last time you had each of the listed services performed on 

this vehicle?

a b c d e f

Oil Change: 0-3 months 4-6 months 7-12 months >12 months Don’t Know Never

Tune Up: 0-3 months 4-6 months 7-12 months >12 months Don’t Know Never

NewGasCap: 0-3 months 4-6 months 7-12 months >12 months Don’t Know Never

Fuel System: 0-3 months 4-6 months 7-12 months >12 months Don’t Know Never

MajEngWrk: 0-3 months 4-6 months 7-12 months >12 months Don’t Know Never

7. Have you ever noticed a gasoline smell around your vehicle? Yes No

If yes, please describe the circumstance.

If yes, have you done anything to fix it?

8. Has the vehicle ever been in an accident severe enough that repairs had 

to be made before it could be operated again? Yes No Don’t Know
SOP011_DataPacket-090707.doc Packet ID:__________

C-4

Rental Car Checkout

Attach Photocopy of Driver’s License (front and back) here.

Which rental vehicle given out: ________________________

When owner will return: Date: _________ Time: _________

Circle Primary Phone Number to Contact:

Home (_____) _______–___________

Work (_____) _______–___________

Cell (_____) _______–___________

Visual Pre-Inspection of Owner’s Vehicle
SOP011_DataPacket-090707.doc Packet ID:__________

C-5

IM Inspection Results and Copy of Vehicle Inspection Report

(staple copy of report here)

Gas cap result: Pass Fail N/A
SOP011_DataPacket-090707.doc Packet ID:__________

C-6

Modified California Method Date: ___________

Verify that Gas Cap is on and is tight. Initials: __________

Record 2 warm-up IM240 times: ____:____ ____:____

Engine warm after driving and still running

(Check one descriptor for each Location and each of the 2 methods.)

Location Visual Liquid Sniffer

Gas Cap 0 m S G NP Y N NP

Underbody fuel lines 0 m S G NP Y N NP

Bottom of fuel pump 0 m S G NP Y N NP

Fuel pump to metering 0 m S G NP Y N NP

In-line fuel filter 0 m S G NP Y N NP

Fuel rail + connectors 0 m S G NP Y N NP

All fuel-injectors 0 m S G NP Y N NP

Ground under vehicle 0 m S G NP Y N NP

Engine off

(Check one descriptor for each Location and each of the 2 methods.)

Location Visual Liquid Sniffer

Fuel fill pipe to tank joint 0 m S G NP Y N NP

Tank: rust,straps,damage 0 m S G NP Y N NP

Non-OEM installations 0 m S G NP Y N NP

Detailed comments:

Descriptors:

0 =No visual evidence of liquid fuel leaks

m =Minor signs of fuel (staining, damp spots), wicking<1"

S =Significant leaks with single drops of fuel from vehicle to the ground, wicking>1"

G =Gross leaks, regular flow of drops to the ground, or a large pool of fuel, wicking>1"

NP =Not Performed

Y =Positive Sniffer Response

N =Negative Sniffer Response
SOP011_DataPacket-090707.doc Packet ID:__________

C-7

Vehicle Information Sheet

Photos (after shooting, verify that photo is in focus):

1. Front Quarter View with License Plate visible and readable

(with white board and Packet ID#)

2. Vehicle Emission Control Info label close-up photo

(get engine family, evap family, certification year)

3. VIN close-up photo (windshield or door frame)

4. Rear View with License Plate visible and readable

(with white board and Packet ID#)

Under Hood:

Fuel Metering Type: Carbureted Fuel-Injected

VECI Certification Year: 

VECI Engine Family: 

VECI Evap Family: 

VIN (print very carefully, e.g. V, U, S, 5, 7, Y, X, 9, 4):

Interior:

Transmission Type: Manual Automatic

Fuel Level (circle one) F 3/4 1/2 1/4 <1/4 

Odometer Reading ________________________

Odometer Digit Resolution (circle one) 5 6
SOP011_DataPacket-090707.doc Packet ID:__________

C-8

RSD Testing Date:

55 mph RSD #2 (Highway). VDF: Time: ____________

(Get VDF from RSD operator by radio)

55 mph RSD #3 (Highway). VDF: Time: ____________

(Get VDF from RSD operator by radio)

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Date: ____________

34 mph RSD #4 (Highway). VDF: Time: ____________

(Get VDF from RSD operator by radio)

34 mph RSD #5 (Highway). VDF: Time: ____________

(Get VDF from RSD operator by radio)

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Date: ____________

12 mph RSD #6 (Driveway). VDF: Time: _________

(Get VDF from RSD operator by radio)

12 mph RSD #7 (Driveway). VDF: Time: _________

(Get VDF from RSD operator by radio)

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Optional RSD Testing Date: ____________

__ mph Drive past RSD #8. VDF: Time: ____________

(Get VDF from RSD operator by radio)

__ mph Drive past RSD #9. VDF: Time: ____________

(Get VDF from RSD operator by radio)
SOP011_DataPacket-090707.doc Packet ID:__________

C-9

PSHED Testing

Label FID file as: S ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ .csv

 S ( PacketID ) (α) (m) (d d) .csv

Time HC (ppmC) T (°F) Pbaro (“Hg)

Initial PSHED

Put vehicle in PSHED and seal the door.

Door Sealed

Final PSHED 

(@900s)

Remove vehicle from PSHED.

Total mass of HC at end of the test (grams)______________

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Optional PSHED Testing

Label FID file as: S ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ .csv

 S ( PacketID ) (α) (m) (d d) .csv

Time HC (ppmC) T (°F) Pbaro (“Hg)

Initial PSHED

Put vehicle in PSHED and seal the door.

Door Sealed

Final PSHED 

(@900s)

Remove vehicle from PSHED.

Total mass of HC at end of the test (grams)______________
SOP011_DataPacket-090707.doc Packet ID:__________

C-10

Data Packet QC Check

As project on-site manager, I have carefully examined every data 

blank in this data packet and certify that all data entries have been 

made and are legible and understandable.

(initials)
SOP011_DataPacket-090707.doc Packet ID:__________

C-11

Evap Repairs and Follow-Up Testing

Shop:___________________________________________

Phone:__________________________________________

Date and time picked up:____________________________

Name of person picking up vehicle:____________________

Signature:________________________________________

Vehicle return date and time:_________________________

Name of person receiving:___________________________

Date and time of return:_____________________________

Attach all repair order forms 

Total labor cost: $_________________________________

Total parts cost: $_________________________________

Record 2 warm-up IM240 times: ____:____ ____:____

12 mph RSD Date: _______Time:________VDF:_________

12 mph RSD Date: _______Time:________VDF:_________

Perform SHED test (results on next page)

Notify owner vehicle ready for pickup

Date and time:_________________________________

Customer pickup date and time:____________________

Name of person receiving:_________________________

Signature:______________________________________
SOP011_DataPacket-090707.doc Packet ID:__________

C-12

After-Repair PSHED Testing

Label FID file as: S ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ .csv

 S ( PacketID ) (α) (m) (d d) .csv

Time HC (ppmC) T (°F) Pbaro (“Hg)

Initial PSHED

Put vehicle in PSHED and seal the door.

Door Sealed

Final PSHED 

(@900s)

Remove vehicle from PSHED.

Total mass of HC at end of the test (grams)______________

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Optional After-Repair PSHED Testing

Label FID file as: S ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ .csv

 S ( PacketID ) (α) (m) (d d) .csv

Time HC (ppmC) T (°F) Pbaro (“Hg)

Initial PSHED

Put vehicle in PSHED and seal the door.

Door Sealed

Final PSHED 

(@900s)

Remove vehicle from PSHED.

Total mass of HC at end of the test (grams)______________
SOP011_DataPacket-090707.doc Packet

ID:__________

C-1

Appendix D

Comparison of PSHED and LSHED
SOP011_DataPacket-090707.doc Packet

ID:__________

C-2
D-1

From June through October 2009, the Colorado Department of Public Health and 

Environment (CDPHE) undertook testing to compare the hot-soak emissions measurements in a 

portable SHED (PSHED) and in its laboratory SHED (LSHED) [16]. During this period, 

CDPHE measured evaporative emissions on 15 vehicles. The results of this testing are shown in 

Table D-1. The table shows the results of hot-soak measurements and heat-build (diurnal 

evaporative emissions) measurements. The heat-build measurements were only performed in the 

LSHED and therefore will not be discussed here but are shown in the table for completeness.

The objective of the testing was to compare hot-soak results from LSHED and PSHED 

tests in back-to-back testing using the same procedures for each. To make the results obtained 

from both enclosures comparable, tests in both the PSHED and LSHED were conducted as hotsoaks of 15 minutes duration. The results reported in Table D-1 are for 15 minutes both for the 

PSHED and LSHED. 

The LSHED used for the testing is located at CDPHE’s Aurora test facility near Denver, 

Colorado. The PSHED was also set up at the Aurora Facility. As in the testing at Ken Caryl 

Station, the PSHED used at Aurora consisted of a 10 x 20 x 8 foot enclosure, which was sealed 

using sheet plastic and duct tape. The details and performance of the PSHED enclosure have 

been discussed earlier [15]. Hydrocarbon concentrations inside the PSHED were measured using 

a lab-grade flame ionization detector analytical system with a 10 point calibration.

Colorado has a program to test and repair vehicles identified using its on-going on-road 

RSD measurement program in the Denver metropolitan area. Vehicles with elevated RSD values 

are required to bring their vehicles to CDPHE for tailpipe testing and visual inspection. A subset 

of these vehicles was selected for the LSHED/PSHED comparison test. Specifically, vehicles 

that initially passed an exhaust emissions test (on the IM240 cycle), but which were identified as 

potential “high evaporative emitters,” were sent to LSHED/PSHED comparison testing. Vehicles 

were identified as candidates if they failed the intrusive pressure test, produced a strong odor or 

visible leak, or had OBD evaporative codes.

For the LSHED/PSHED comparison testing, the following test sequence was used. The 

vehicle was temperature stabilized overnight while its evaporative emissions canister was bench 

purged. The next day, with the purged canister back in the vehicle, the vehicle underwent a onehour diurnal test in the LSHED which loaded the canister using a consistent procedure. Next, the 

vehicle was conditioned for the first SHED test. The conditioning involved driving for five 

minutes at 55 mph on the dynamometer and then driving the speed trace for the first phase of the 

FTP cycle (although with the engine hot, i.e., “Hot505”). This same conditioning sequence was 

used prior to each LSHED or PSHED test.

Table D-1 shows the sequence of testing for each vehicle according to the test date and 

test time. The table shows that this sequence was always performed: PSHED, LSHED, PSHED, 

LSHED. Most vehicles received four SHED tests made up of two PSHED tests and two LSHED 

tests with the sequence given by the column named CDPHE Test ID: 1P, 1L, 2P, 2L. In most 

cases the vehicles received the PSHED and LSHED tests in their as-received condition, but in a 

few cases they were also tested after repair. 
D-2

In the analysis in this section the back-to-back measurements made by the PSHED will 

be compared with those made by the LSHED. In addition, the repeatability of duplicate PSHED 

measurements and the repeatability of LSHED measurements will be examined. While the 

“back-to-back” SHED measurements follow each other as closely as possible, those 

measurements were not made simultaneously. Accordingly, the state of the vehicle and its 

evaporative emissions control system may be different for any pair of measurements in spite of 

the conditioning procedure. For example, in the test sequence 1P, 1L, 2P, 2L, the 1P and 2P are 

nominally replicates of each other. However, there may be uncontrolled differences in vehicle 

condition between 1P and 2P due to factors such as cumulative conditioning, canister purging, 

etc. The influence of such differences in vehicle state could contribute to the observed 

differences in the measured SHED hot-soak values. 

Comparison of PSHED hot-soaks with LSHED hot-soaks – The data in Table D-1 

contains 33 paired PSHED and LSHED measurements. For the purposes of this analysis, pairing 

was assigned between successive tests on the same vehicle. Thus, 1P is paired with 1L, 2P with 

2L, 3P with 3L, etc. However, in every instance the LSHED measurement follows the PSHED 

measurement and, therefore, time effects may influence comparisons between the PSHED and 

LSHED results. 
A-3

Table D-1. CDPHE Data Comparing LSHED and PSHED 15-Minute Hot-Soak Results

Vehicle

ID Year Make Model

VIN Stem

(digits 1 to 8, 10, 11)

Test

Date

Test

Time

(end) Odometer

CDPHE 

Test ID

SHED 

Used

Test

Type

Evap 

Emissions 

(g/Qhr)

CDPHE 

Comments

HE-2279 1994 Ford Ranger 1FTCR15X.RP......

6/16/09 10:30:01 96761 HB(HB1) Lab Heat Build 28.300 As received

6/16/09 13:47:34 96769 1P Portable HotSoak 5.997 As received

6/16/09 14:37:17 96778 1L Lab HotSoak 12.257 As received

6/16/09 16:00:15 96794 2P Portable HotSoak 1.839 As received

6/16/09 16:31:37 96798 2L Lab HotSoak 3.094 As received

6/18/09 9:49:39 96798 3L(HB2) Lab Heat Build 0.846 After repair

6/18/09 12:39:27 96805 3P Portable HotSoak 0.441

Correlation after 

I/M240 & preps

6/18/09 13:26:51 96812 3L Lab HotSoak 5.899 Hot-soak

6/18/09 14:06:30 96820 4P Portable HotSoak 6.783 Correlation

6/18/09 14:47:49 96827 4L Lab HotSoak 10.244 Hot-soak

HE-2969 1995 Saturn SL2 1G8ZJ527.SZ......

6/23/09 15:35:26 219834 1L(HB1) Lab Heat Build 18.561 As received

6/24/09 9:50:02 219841 1P Portable HotSoak 1.073 As received

6/24/09 10:29:12 219848 1L Lab HotSoak 1.131 As received

6/24/09 11:05:21 219855 2P Portable HotSoak 0.888 As received

6/24/09 11:58:39 219862 2L Lab HotSoak 0.219 As received

6/25/09 9:28:49 219882 4L(HB2) Lab Heat Build 13.590 After repair

6/25/09 11:26:34 219869 3P Portable HotSoak 0.163

After repair + 

auxiliary 

canister

6/25/09 12:05:00 219875 3L Lab HotSoak 0.242

After repair + 

auxiliary 

canister

6/25/09 12:51:32 219881 4P Portable HotSoak 0.280

After repair + 

auxiliary 

canister

6/25/09 13:42:11 219888 4L Lab HotSoak 0.242

After repair + 

auxiliary 

canister

6/26/09 11:35:54 219888 7L(HB3) Lab Heat Build 0.678

After repair 

new canister

HE-3091 1990 Buick Century 1G4AH54N.L6......

6/30/09 9:15:52 245472 1L(HB1) Lab Heat Build 29.516 As received

6/30/09 12:40:54 245707 1P Portable HotSoak 3.502 As received

6/30/09 13:14:48 245715 1L Lab HotSoak 7.721 As received

6/30/09 13:50:42 245723 2P Portable HotSoak 2.611 As received

6/30/09 14:26:06 245730 2L Lab HotSoak 6.919 As received

7/1/09 13:48:27 2454731 4L(HB2) Lab Heat Build 3.190 After repair
Table D-1. CDPHE Data Comparing LSHED and PSHED 15-Minute Hot-Soak Results (Continued)

D-4

Vehicle

ID Year Make Model

VIN Stem

(digits 1 to 8, 10, 11)

Test

Date

Test

Time

(end) Odometer

CDPHE 

Test ID

SHED 

Used

Test

Type

Evap 

Emissions 

(g)

CDPHE 

Comments

720PHW

(R) 1996 Honda Passport 4S6CM58V.T4......

7/15/09 9:56:27 181810 HB1 Lab Heat Build 40.319 As received

7/15/09 10:52:19 181817 1P Portable HotSoak 3.148 As received

7/15/09 11:26:08 181826 1L Lab HotSoak 3.982 As received

7/15/09 13:46:53 181831 2P Portable HotSoak 4.472 As received

7/15/09 14:20:46 181844 2L Lab HotSoak 4.632 As received

HE-3394 1993 Oldsmobile Cutlass 1G3AG54N.P6......

7/21/09 9:29:04 95439 HB1 Lab Heat Build 32.159 As received

7/21/09 10:22:01 95445 1P Portable HotSoak 1.459 As received

7/21/09 10:55:35 95450 1L Lab HotSoak 3.713 As received

7/21/09 11:26:58 95454 2P Portable HotSoak 3.258 As received

7/21/09 12:01:19 95462 2L Lab HotSoak 5.736 As received

7/23/09 9:39:54 95476 HB2 Lab Heat Build 0.210 After repair

HE-3790 1995 Ford Ranger 1FTDR15X.SP......

8/18/09 9:23:45 163650 HB1 Lab Heat Build 10.090 As received

8/18/09 9:59:16 163657 1P Portable HotSoak 2.999 As received

8/18/09 10:31:09 163664 1L Lab HotSoak 5.429 As received

8/18/09 11:01:23 163671 2P Portable HotSoak 6.979 As received

8/18/09 11:36:37 163678 2L Lab HotSoak 10.265 As received

8/20/09 9:43:52 163682 HB2 Lab Heat Build 0.475 After repair

HE-3555 1996 SAAB 900SE YS3DF58N.T2......

8/26/09 9:14:21 193145 HB1 Lab Heat Build 93.708 As received

8/26/09 13:56:16 193149 1P Portable HotSoak 0.000 As received

8/26/09 14:30:24 193156 1L Lab HotSoak 4.659 As received

8/26/09 15:01:12 193161 2P Portable HotSoak 9.945 As received

8/26/09 15:37:01 193167 2L Lab HotSoak 55.507 As received

8/31/09 14:32:33 193145 HB2 Lab Heat Build 1.406 After repair

631-SWU 1996 Toyota Camry JT2BG12K.T0......

9/1/09 11:01:26 248058 HB1 Lab Heat Build 7.278 As received

9/1/09 13:49:59 248065 1P Portable HotSoak 0.000 As received

9/1/09 14:27:17 248074 1L Lab HotSoak 0.041 As received

9/1/09 15:03:00 248080 2P Portable HotSoak 0.069 As received

9/1/09 15:36:51 248090 2L Lab HotSoak 0.041 As received

9/10/09 9:59:35 248095 HB2 Lab Heat Build 0.039 Junker Corr

HE-3863 1994 Ford Explorer 1FMDU34X.RU......

9/22/09 9:51:56 284456 HB1 Lab Heat Build 0.978 As received

9/22/09 10:39:24 284462 1P Portable HotSoak 0.369 As received

9/22/09 11:01:25 284469 1L Lab HotSoak 0.614 As received

9/22/09 14:16:18 284477 2P Portable HotSoak 0.413 As received

9/22/09 14:43:11 284484 2L Lab HotSoak 1.033 As received

9/24/09 10:12:57 0 HB2 Lab Heat Build 1.017 After repair
Table D-1. CDPHE Data Comparing LSHED and PSHED 15-Minute Hot-Soak Results (Continued)

D-5

Vehicle

ID Year Make Model

VIN Stem

(digits 1 to 8, 10, 11)

Test

Date

Test

Time

(end) Odometer

CDPHE 

Test ID

SHED 

Used

Test

Type

Evap 

Emissions 

(g)

CDPHE 

Comments

HE-3649 1987 Ford Thunderbird 1FABP64W.HH......

9/23/09 9:40:27 118616 HB1 Lab Heat Build 90.936 As received

9/23/09 10:29:36 118622 1P Portable HotSoak 0.926 As received

9/23/09 11:05:37 118629 1L Lab HotSoak 1.348 As received

9/23/09 13:29:12 118634 2P Portable HotSoak 0.733 As received

9/23/09 14:05:29 118641 2L Lab HotSoak 1.621 As received

XXX3400 1992 Dodge Caravan 2P4GH253.NR......

7/14/09 10:28:00 209454 HB1 Lab Heat Build 40.261 As received

7/14/09 13:47:44 209462 1P Portable HotSoak 26.671 As received

7/14/09 14:25:34 209468 1L Lab HotSoak 12.655 As received

7/14/09 15:11:56 209475 2P Portable HotSoak 10.721 As received

7/14/09 15:46:01 209484 2L Lab HotSoak 3.651 As received

HE-3358 1994 Mercury Villager 4M2DV11W.RD......

8/12/09 8:39:45 217852 HB1 Lab Heat Build 74.551 As received

8/13/09 9:29:56 217859 1P Portable HotSoak 3.814 As received

8/13/09 9:53:06 217866 1L Lab HotSoak 5.900 As received

8/13/09 10:24:50 217872 2P Portable HotSoak 3.122 As received

8/13/09 11:00:02 217879 2L Lab HotSoak 10.398 As received

8/17/09 9:54:40 218292 HB2 Lab Heat Build 0.213 After repair

HE-3491 1994 Cadillac Seville 1G6KS52Y.RU......

8/25/09 11:45:56 143333 HB1 Lab Heat Build 19.588 As received

8/25/09 14:21:11 144715 1P Portable HotSoak 9.469 As received

8/25/09 14:55:05 144720 1L Lab HotSoak 29.125 As received

8/26/09 11:25:01 144726 2P Portable HotSoak 10.450 As received

8/26/09 12:03:27 144731 2L Lab HotSoak 18.244 As received

9/2/09 9:59:28 144740 HB2 Lab Heat Build 3.091 After repair

HE-4006 1996 Ford Ranger 1FTCR14U.TP......

9/16/09 9:22:26 96363 HB1 Lab Heat Build 27.520 As received

9/16/09 10:15:05 96370 1P Portable HotSoak 0.419 As received

9/16/09 10:40:24 96376 1L Lab HotSoak 0.396 As received

9/16/09 13:34:31 96382 2P Portable HotSoak 0.210 As received

9/16/09 13:59:37 96387 2L Lab HotSoak 0.306 As received

5702 1992 Oldsmobile Eighty Eight 1G3HN53L.NH...... 6/8/09 15:42:33 168568 1L(HB1) Lab Heat Build 0.144

As received -

retest

6/11/09 8:10:01 168594 1P Portable HotSoak 0.140 As received

6/11/09 10:02:42 168602 2L(1L) Lab HotSoak 0.172 As received
D-6

Figure D-1 shows a plot of the PSHED versus LSHED measurements on a log-log scale. 

Logarithmic scales provide an advantage when viewing the set of measurements, which covers 

three orders of magnitude. In addition, the scatter of the data points in the plot near the parity line 

indicate that the variability of the PSHED measurements on these vehicles appears to be better 

described by a constant relative variability than by a constant absolute variability. The plot 

indicates a tendency for the PSHED values to be lower than the LSHED values since more points 

are below the parity line than above. This behavior could arise either because the LSHED 

measurements always occur after the PSHED measurements in the pairs or because of a real 

difference in the PSHED measurements relative to LSHED measurements.

Figure D-1. PSHED vs LSHED Hot-Soaks (LSHED follows PSHED)
D-7

To determine whether the apparent difference in PSHED versus LSHED values in Figure 

D-1 arises from a bias between the PSHED and LSHED tests or whether the difference reflects 

an order effect, the LSHED and PSHED data values are paired in a different way. For this 

analysis, the values for each vehicle are paired such that the LSHED is tested before the PSHED 

measurement. For example, the 1Ls are paired with the 2Ps. When this new repairing of the data 

is plotted, the result is Figure D-2. This plot uses the same scales as Figure D-1, but note that the 

number of available pairs is reduced by approximately half. The plot shows that as in Figure D-1, 

there is a tendency for the PSHEDs to have lower values than the LSHEDs even though, in this 

case, the LSHED preceded the PSHED test. When considered together, Figures D-1 and D-2 

show that the differences between LSHED and PSHED measurements in this dataset are not 

caused by the order of the LSHED and PSHED tests but instead reflect a bias between the 

LSHED and PSHED measurements. Specifically, the PSHED values tend to be smaller than the 

LSHED values for the same vehicle. 

Figure D-2. PSHED vs LSHED Hot-Soaks (LSHED preceeds PSHED)

If the two datasets in Figures D-1 and D-2 are combined in one plot, the result is Figure 

D-3. The 38 data points in the plot show the overall tendency of the PSHED to produce lower 

values with respect to the LSHED when all of the data is considered together. 
D-8

Figure D-3. PSHED vs LSHED Hot-Soaks

PSHED and LSHED hot-soak emission variability – The analysis in the previous 

discussion demonstrated that the PSHED measurements tended to produce hot-soak values 

somewhat lower than LSHED measurements as shown in Figure D-3. However, that figure also 

showed a large scatter of the individual data points. In this discussion, the degree of scatter 

produced by replicate SHED measurements is examined. 

Figures D-4 and D-5 show plots of replicate PSHED and LSHED measurements, 

respectively. For both plots, the horizontal axis is the first SHED measurement, for example, 1P, 

and the vertical axis is the second SHED measurement, for example, 2P. In all cases, the first and 

second SHED measurements are separated by a period of time during which a SHED 

measurement of the other type was performed. The sequence of tests for each vehicle can be seen 

in Table D-1.

Both Figures D-4 and D-5 show a similar scatter of points about the parity line for both 

duplicate PSHED tests and duplicate LSHED tests. First, in both figures the scatter of points 

about the parity line is relatively symmetrical which indicates that the order of testing for the 

dataset as a whole did not influence the measured value. This result is consistent with the same 

finding from the analysis of the comparison of LSHED and PSHED values discussed above. 

The second important feature of Figures D-4 and D-5 is that scatter of points about the 

parity line for the two plots is quite similar – at least from a visual comparison of the two plots. 
D-9

The third feature of Figures D-4 and D-5 that is notable is the relatively homogeneous scatter of 

the data points about the parity line across the two orders of magnitude range of the SHED data. 

This homogeneous scatter supports the notion that the hot-soak variability of vehicles tends to be 

proportional to the value of the hot-soak measurements. That is, the variability can be expressed 

as a percentage of the hot-soak measurement value.

The similar hot-soak variabilities in the PSHED and in the LSHED are consistent with 

the notion that the variabilities are dominated by the hot-soak emission variability of the vehicles 

themselves. The measurement variability due to the performance of the test in either the PSHED 

or the LSHED is a small component of the total variability of the measured values as 

demonstrated by the propane recovery and retention tests performed in the PSHED during the 

testing at Ken Caryl station.

Figure D-4. Hot-Soak Variability in PSHED
D-10

Figure D-5. Hot-Soak Variability in LSHED

Since the variability of the duplicate PSHED values in the log-log plot Figure D-4 looks 

homogeneous, we will consider the PSHED data in log-log space. A regression of the natural 

logarithm of the second PSHED against that of the first PSHED1 indicates ln(PSHED2) = -0.018 

+ 0.881*ln(PSHED1). A regression of the ln(PSHED1) against ln(PSHED2) indicates 

ln(PSHED1) = 0.219 + 0.876*ln(PSHED2). However, the x-values of these two regressions have 

variability of about the same size as the y-values, and therefore the assumption of ordinary least 

squares regression (all variability is in the y-variable and that the x-variable is measured “without 

error”) is not satisfied. According “to measurement-error modeling,” in such a situation, the 

slopes calculated by the regressions are low-biased [17]. Because the slopes for the regressions 

are similar to each other (0.88) and are expected to both be biased low, we expect that the slopes 

for measurement error models, which take into account the variability in the x-variable as well as 

the y-variable, would both produce slopes near 1. 

Thus, a simple analysis of the paired PSHED and LSHED data values will provide a 

reasonable estimate of the relative bias between the first and second PSHED and an estimate of 

the variability in a PSHED measurement. The differences of the natural logarithm of the first 

PSHED minus the natural logarithm of the second PSHED or the twelve pairs of data points had 

a mean difference of 0.124 and a standard deviation of 0.621. The mean difference of 0.124 was 

not significantly different from 0 (p=0.5027), and therefore this dataset is not able to detect a 

significant difference between the first and second PSHED values. The standard deviation of 
D-11

0.621 indicates that a single PSHED measurement has a 90% confidence interval from 36% 

(=exp(-1.645*0.621)) to 278% (=exp(+1.645*0.621)) relative to a single PSHED measurement 

at 100%. This estimate of PSHED variability is based on the assumption that the relative 

variability is independent of PSHED level, which is suggested by the apparent homogeneous 

scatter of data about the 1:1 line in Figure D-4.
D-12
Appendix E

Descriptions and Data for Non-Participating Vehicles

E-1

Table E-1. Vehicle Description and Selection RSMs for Ineligible Non-Participating Vehicles

Combined 

Packet ID

(unique to 

vehicle)

Reason for 

Evaporative

Testing 

Ineligibility

Year Make Model Remote Sensing Measurement (RSM)

Type

(Selection; 

Measurement)

Location DateTime

Speed (mph)Temperature (F)VDFEI23EI23 BinHC Method A (ppmC3)HC Method B (ppmC3)CO Method A (%)

NO Method A (ppm)CO2 Method A (%)

6 TooBig 2002 GMC 3500 Savana Selection IMStationDriveway 29JUN09:08:42:59 17 71 33 39 1 86 38 0.17 229 14.92

10 TooBig 2003 GMC Sierra Selection IMStationDriveway 29JUN09:10:23:42 13 83 110 49 1 -27 -8 0.02 240 15.03

26 TooBig 2005 Toyota Tacoma Selection IMStationDriveway 30JUN09:11:49:26 13 93 169 79 2 -11 -49 0.05 11 15.02

31 TooBig 1994 Chevrolet Blazer Selection IMStationDriveway 30JUN09:15:45:47 10 99 318 573 5 2724 2687 -0.09 480 15.02

40 TooBig 1996 Chevrolet 1500 Selection IMStationDriveway 02JUL09:08:36:31 13 70 18 100 3 0 -13 0.03 25 15.03

61 Motorhome 1995 Chevrolet G30 Van/Motorhome Selection IMStationDriveway 07JUL09:13:15:27 9 89 188 832 6 482 273 0.17 1982 14.85

67 TooBig 1996 GMC Jimmy Selection IMStationDriveway 08JUL09:16:17:50 11 104 282 680 6 2181 -1497 0.04 42 14.96

86 Motorhome 1999 Ford Stripped Chassis Motorhome Selection IMStationDriveway 13JUL09:09:40:18 10 83 60 343 5 1170 -1130 0.05 14 14.98

90 Motorhome 1993 Ford E350 Selection IMStationDriveway 13JUL09:12:31:01 8 100 147 250 4 82 -57 0.07 2104 14.93

94 Motorhome 1984 Chevrolet P30 Selection IMStationDriveway 14JUL09:11:58:55 9 88 111 389 5 1774 3851 4.27 608 11.92

102 Motorhome 1983 Chevrolet P30 Selection IMStationDriveway 15JUL09:11:59:34 8 85 82 588 5 7576 7697 0.85 1677 14.16

105 TooBig 1995 Ford Super Duty Selection IMStationDriveway 15JUL09:13:43:55 11 91 133 326 5 1373 963 1.99 1139 13.55

118 TooBig 2003 GMC Van Selection IMStationDriveway 16JUL09:16:06:33 11 98 237 603 6 229 138 0.15 69 14.94

132 Motorhome 1984 PAA MT Selection IMStationDriveway 20JUL09:10:15:36 10 90 51 938 6 485 109 6.29 650 10.50

137 TooBig 2005 Ford E350 Selection IMStationDriveway 20JUL09:12:41:04 14 98 134 45 1 -34 203 -0.03 -133 15.08

145 Motorhome 1979 Ford El Dorado Motorhome Selection IMStationDriveway 20JUL09:15:54:39 13 94 256 1268 7 5315 256 2.42 1210 13.12

170 TooBig 2001 Ford F250 Selection IMStationDriveway 24JUL09:08:11:19 12 75 10 55 1 26 3 0.20 -68 14.91

171 Motorhome 1984 Ford Econoline Mobile Truck Selection IMStationDriveway 23JUL09:14:52:49 12 107 188 2836 7 1118 778 2.04 1816 13.49

172 Motorhome 1994 Ford E350 Montana Tioga Selection IMStationDriveway 24JUL09:08:11:58 15 75 13 3010 7 6212 4360 4.22 152 11.84

176.353 ESPemployee 1997 Chevrolet Lumina Selection IMStationDriveway 24JUL09:10:30:22 16 88 62 480 5 1826 1263 0.78 234 14.43

180 Motorhome 1989 Chevrolet G30 Selection IMStationDriveway 24JUL09:14:29:19 11 99 173 168 4 89 60 0.36 908 14.76

195 Motorhome 1988 Ford Tioga Selection IMStationDriveway 27JUL09:13:59:41 13 94 258 390 5 320 190 0.29 404 14.82

198 Motorhome 1990 Ford E350 Selection IMStationDriveway 27JUL09:14:20:06 15 97 270 288 5 373 275 6.33 480 10.49

204 TooBig 1993 Ford F150 Selection IMStationDriveway 28JUL09:11:06:02 14 68 113 155 4 253 116 3.86 368 12.27

206 TooBig 2001 Ford F450 Selection IMStationDriveway 28JUL09:11:29:07 8 68 134 152 4 22 -47 0.09 509 14.97

208 TooBig 1989 Ford F250 Lariat Selection IMStationDriveway 28JUL09:14:12:56 13 73 247 547 6 817 92 3.90 711 12.21

240 TooBig 1976 Ford Custom Camper Selection IMStationDriveway 31JUL09:10:04:40 11 81 42 1940 7 2235 -284 3.16 1066 12.69

260 TooBig 2000 Ford Excursion Selection IMStationDriveway 03AUG09:09:22:44 11 80 35 146 3 42 49 0.06 9 15.01

269 ESPemployee 1981 Cadillac Seville Selection IMStationDriveway 03AUG09:12:27:01 18 93 147 104 3 314 262 3.62 814 12.42

276 TooBig 1994 Ford Econoline Selection IMStationDriveway 03AUG09:13:50:43 13 97 188 70 2 168 153 4.50 203 11.81

279 TooBig 1988 GMC Sierra Selection IMStationDriveway 03AUG09:15:03:06 12 96 225 312 5 164 129 0.38 12 14.78

298 TooBig 1993 Chevrolet G20 Conversion Van Selection IMStationDriveway 06AUG09:09:55:04 12 77 49 828 6 1037 3833 4.73 25 11.63

303 Motorhome 1985 Chevrolet G30 van Selection IMStationDriveway 06AUG09:15:06:01 13 82 176 421 5 724 1297 6.01 247 10.72
Table E-1. Vehicle Description and Selection RSMs for Ineligible Non-Participating Vehicles (Continued)

E-2

Combined 

Packet ID

(unique to 

vehicle)

Reason for 

Evaporative

Testing 

Ineligibility

Year Make Model Remote Sensing Measurement (RSM)

Type

(Selection; 

Measurement)

Location DateTime

Speed (mph)Temperature (F)VDFEI23EI23 BinHC Method A (ppmC3)HC Method B (ppmC3)CO Method A (%)

NO Method A (ppm)CO2 Method A (%)

319 TooBig 2004 GMC Yukon Selection IMStationDriveway 07AUG09:17:01:25 14 98 300 46 1 1 -1 0.49 26 14.70

390 TooBig 1988 Chevrolet Silverado Selection IMStationDriveway 18AUG09:16:45:57 11 76 176 362 5 300 51 0.91 1645 14.33

399 TooBig 1987 Ford F250 Selection IMStationDriveway 19AUG09:15:31:59 10 100 194 191 4 . -184 . . .

408 Motorhome 1983 Ford E350 Selection IMStationDriveway 20AUG09:14:13:54 12 92 182 712 6 . 3459 . . .

414 TooBig 2001 Dodge Ram 1500 Selection IMStationDriveway 21AUG09:09:59:01 16 71 70 101 3 123 22 4.48 146 11.83

441 Motorhome 1977 GMC Van Dura Selection IMStationDriveway 24AUG09:16:25:59 9 77 262 390 5 687 -973 4.17 462 12.02

445 ESPemployee 2001 Ford Escort Selection IMStationDriveway 25AUG09:09:19:36 13 69 47 49 1 0 -40 -0.07 70 15.10

455 Motorhome 1992 Ford E350 Selection IMStationDriveway 25AUG09:14:03:01 9 73 198 332 5 192 9 0.09 1168 14.94

456 ESPemployee 2001 Dodge Dakota Selection IMStationDriveway 25AUG09:15:16:27 14 69 232 200 4 86 41 0.05 -16 15.02

461 HeavyDuty 1971 International Loadstar Selection IMStationDriveway 26AUG09:09:44:17 11 67 47 515 6 978 -150 5.63 490 10.97

465 TooBig 2000 Ford F350 Selection IMStationDriveway 26AUG09:14:59:56 12 90 179 79 2 23 -8 0.48 17 14.71

471 TooBig 1996 Ford F350 Selection IMStationDriveway 27AUG09:13:18:13 11 88 138 172 4 47 33 0.15 519 14.92

477 TooBig 1991 UMC Aeromate Selection IMStationDriveway 27AUG09:16:07:18 14 102 222 80 2 267 232 2.08 2378 13.47

480 Motorhome 1984 Ford E350 Selection IMStationDriveway 28AUG09:08:24:43 13 67 9 413 5 225 220 4.57 187 11.77

484 Motorhome 1994 Ford F350 Selection IMStationDriveway 28AUG09:09:17:33 12 69 34 208 5 391 -1761 0.30 3014 14.72

487 Motorhome 2000 Chevrolet Express 3500 Selection IMStationDriveway 28AUG09:10:34:48 16 72 75 114 3 36 7 0.03 1230 14.99

514 TooBig 1995 Ford F250 Selection IMStationDriveway 31AUG09:11:46:39 14 77 174 335 5 150 19 0.28 1340 14.80
E-3

Table E-2. Vehicle Descriptions and Selection RSMs for Eligible Non-Participating Vehicles

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to 

vehicle)

Reason for 

Evaporative

Testing 

Ineligibility

Year Make Model Remote Sensing Measurement (RSM)

Type

(Selection; 

Measurement)

Location DateTime

Speed (mph)Temperature (F)VDFEI23EI23 BinHC Method A (ppmC3)HC Method B (ppmC3)CO Method A (%)

NO Method A (ppm)CO2 Method A (%)

8 Eligible 2001 BMW 330i Selection IMStationDriveway 29JUN09:09:30:41 10 77 66 61 2 16 -5 0.29 -6 14.85

11 Eligible 2001 Subaru Legacy Selection IMStationDriveway 29JUN09:11:13:20 12 89 155 53 1 22 24 0.10 70 14.98

12 Eligible 1978 Ford Bronco Selection IMStationDriveway 29JUN09:11:34:17 10 89 173 262 4 1000 1283 3.38 580 12.58

13 Eligible 2006 Toyota 4Runner Selection IMStationDriveway 29JUN09:12:03:45 14 89 194 46 1 5 -71 0.08 -9 15.00

14 Eligible 1999 Chevrolet Blazer Selection IMStationDriveway 29JUN09:12:39:41 10 92 216 39 1 243 -1 0.10 491 14.96

15 Eligible 1988 Dodge Ram Selection IMStationDriveway 29JUN09:12:45:58 12 93 227 60 2 . 242 . . .

16 Eligible 2002 Toyota RAV4 Selection IMStationDriveway 29JUN09:12:53:42 11 93 234 44 1 . -50 . . .

19 Eligible 1997 Ford Escort LX Selection IMStationDriveway 29JUN09:15:06:38 8 97 336 558 6 1084 835 0.37 87 14.75

22 Eligible 1998 Buick LeSabre Selection IMStationDriveway 30JUN09:09:41:49 10 80 77 59 2 26 96 0.03 15 15.03

23 Eligible 2005 Cadillac CTS Selection IMStationDriveway 30JUN09:10:38:52 12 88 104 83 2 7 11 0.02 17 15.04

24 Eligible 2004 Honda Pilot Selection IMStationDriveway 30JUN09:11:38:00 13 93 153 80 2 74 62 0.04 -13 15.02

29 Eligible 1982 Ferrari 308 Selection IMStationDriveway 30JUN09:14:42:48 10 100 269 310 5 1158 829 3.74 272 12.33

30 Eligible 1989 Ford Probe Selection IMStationDriveway 30JUN09:15:14:52 11 100 284 2912 7 2095 -5169 0.07 1701 14.88

32 Eligible 2003 Dodge Dakota Selection IMStationDriveway 01JUL09:08:57:31 12 75 29 38 1 20 -48 0.02 61 15.03

33 Eligible 1997 Ford F150 Selection IMStationDriveway 01JUL09:11:10:58 9 90 108 111 3 68 -44 0.02 71 15.04

35 Eligible 1984 Buick Riviera Selection IMStationDriveway 01JUL09:11:22:37 8 92 115 203 4 373 308 0.07 738 14.97

36 Eligible 1993 Jeep Grand Cherokee Selection IMStationDriveway 01JUL09:12:31:56 10 100 143 795 6 1870 -596 0.17 263 14.87

37 Eligible 1990 Honda Accord LX Selection IMStationDriveway 01JUL09:13:40:50 9 103 182 945 6 3120 1965 8.90 48 8.58

38 Eligible 1984 Excaliber Selection IMStationDriveway 01JUL09:15:22:13 11 93 224 681 6 2837 2658 0.06 3721 14.79

41 Eligible 2003 Jeep Liberty Selection IMStationDriveway 02JUL09:10:20:07 13 80 67 51 1 51 40 0.11 -26 14.98

43 Eligible 2003 Buick Park Avenue Selection IMStationDriveway 06JUL09:11:51:23 13 89 170 82 2 12 25 0.04 13 15.02

47 Eligible 1997 Nissan XE Pickup Selection IMStationDriveway 06JUL09:12:31:12 14 92 204 101 3 60 20 0.11 6 14.97

50 Eligible 1997 Mitsubishi Eclipse Selection IMStationDriveway 06JUL09:13:34:40 12 100 260 1033 6 2507 2008 0.13 402 14.87

51 Eligible 1995 Chevrolet Cheyenne C1500 Selection IMStationDriveway 06JUL09:15:01:58 13 94 330 56 1 107 37 1.67 1329 13.81

52 Eligible 2002 Nissan Maxima Selection IMStationDriveway 06JUL09:15:30:57 10 93 345 74 2 42 -4 0.54 11 14.66

54 Eligible 2005 Chevrolet Trailblazer Selection IMStationDriveway 06JUL09:16:14:44 11 88 370 71 2 11 -16 0.17 10 14.93

55 Eligible 1996 Mitsubishi Eclipse GST Selection IMStationDriveway 06JUL09:16:29:35 13 87 389 348 5 1011 1707 0.30 1739 14.75

56 Dealer 2003 BMW XS Selection IMStationDriveway 07JUL09:07:59:21 15 68 8 59 2 -4 -7 0.03 39 15.03

58 Eligible 2003 Honda Odyssey Selection IMStationDriveway 07JUL09:09:45:52 10 80 49 61 2 -5 8 0.00 -18 15.05

59 Eligible 2005 Chrysler Crossfire Selection IMStationDriveway 07JUL09:11:20:52 14 92 109 81 2 -1 4 0.03 196 15.03

60 Eligible 1999 Jeep Cherokee Sport Selection IMStationDriveway 07JUL09:11:42:23 10 94 119 90 3 106 -12 0.03 411 15.01

63 Eligible 1987 Oldsmobile Delta 88 Selection IMStationDriveway 08JUL09:10:50:22 7 90 92 95 3 374 252 2.56 212 13.20

65 Eligible 2000 Ford Ranger Selection IMStationDriveway 08JUL09:11:47:31 11 94 127 71 2 43 -53 0.01 9 15.04
Table E-2. Vehicle Descriptions and Selection RSMs for Eligible Non-Participating Vehicles (Continued)

E-4

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to 

vehicle)

Reason for 

Evaporative

Testing 

Ineligibility

Year Make Model Remote Sensing Measurement (RSM)

Type

(Selection; 

Measurement)

Location DateTime

Speed (mph)Temperature (F)VDFEI23EI23 BinHC Method A (ppmC3)HC Method B (ppmC3)CO Method A (%)

NO Method A (ppm)CO2 Method A (%)

66 Eligible 1994 Saturn STL Selection IMStationDriveway 08JUL09:13:24:00 10 103 183 93 3 4 -189 0.45 139 14.73

70 Eligible 1994 Ford Explorer Selection IMStationDriveway 09JUL09:09:43:54 10 74 70 78 2 24 -4 -0.01 43 15.06

71 Eligible 1993 Toyota Corolla Selection IMStationDriveway 09JUL09:10:24:17 8 78 88 62 2 32 27 0.18 90 14.92

72 Eligible 2008 Pontiac Torrent Selection IMStationDriveway 09JUL09:12:27:19 7 88 156 98 3 4 2 0.02 -7 15.04

73 Eligible 1980 Ford Ranger F250 Selection IMStationDriveway 09JUL09:13:31:18 10 94 185 913 6 1574 1191 10.36 450 7.56

74 Eligible 2003 Dodge Durango Selection IMStationDriveway 09JUL09:10:17:01 12 78 84 80 2 15 0 0.09 13 14.99

76 Eligible 1994 Mazda MX-6 Selection IMStationDriveway 10JUL09:09:50:36 12 85 60 83 2 55 53 0.43 566 14.73

78 Eligible 1997 Toyota 4Runner Selection IMStationDriveway 10JUL09:09:52:21 12 85 62 60 2 56 -7 0.16 82 14.93

80 Eligible 1997 Isuzu Rodeo Selection IMStationDriveway 10JUL09:11:30:46 10 91 120 178 3 1660 1404 1.31 373 14.05

81 Eligible 2001 Toyota Corolla Selection IMStationDriveway 10JUL09:11:42:22 12 94 127 428 5 2879 1079 0.04 245 14.93

83 Eligible 2007 Toyota Sequoia Selection IMStationDriveway 10JUL09:13:53:29 14 100 191 56 1 5 -33 0.19 -4 14.92

84 Eligible 1991 Honda Accord Selection IMStationDriveway 10JUL09:13:55:02 13 100 193 399 5 380 51 0.11 63 14.96

87 Eligible 2005 Honda Pilot Selection IMStationDriveway 13JUL09:10:59:14 11 91 92 83 2 8 12 0.03 8 15.03

88 Eligible 1997 Toyota Tacoma Selection IMStationDriveway 13JUL09:11:30:43 14 93 113 40 1 17 27 0.18 169 14.92

89 Eligible 1969 Chevrolet Camaro SS Selection IMStationDriveway 13JUL09:12:06:08 8 97 129 335 5 1310 1582 3.46 286 12.52

97 Dealer 2006 BMW 325xi Selection IMStationDriveway 14JUL09:12:33:33 17 94 137 45 1 21 13 0.02 -2 15.04

98 Eligible 2008 Jeep Liberty Selection IMStationDriveway 14JUL09:12:45:22 9 95 143 138 3 8 19 0.04 -27 15.03

99 Eligible 1999 Honda Passport Selection IMStationDriveway 14JUL09:12:57:21 9 94 147 181 4 36 27 0.37 182 14.78

101 Eligible 2001 Pontiac Montana Selection IMStationDriveway 15JUL09:11:41:09 11 83 80 105 3 17 -15 0.06 227 15.00

104 Eligible 2006 Toyota Highlander Selection IMStationDriveway 16JUL09:09:40:08 14 80 21 32 1 -10 -6 0.01 -4 15.04

106 Eligible 1988 Honda Prelude Selection IMStationDriveway 16JUL09:10:54:29 9 88 61 500 5 595 314 0.92 1867 14.31

107 Eligible 2003 Volvo S60 Selection IMStationDriveway 16JUL09:11:13:29 8 89 77 76 2 61 -27 0.01 112 15.04

111 Eligible 1995 Jeep Wagoneer Selection IMStationDriveway 16JUL09:13:15:59 13 96 139 1049 6 . 2079 . . .

113 Eligible 1985 Ford F250 Selection IMStationDriveway 16JUL09:13:44:22 10 96 160 721 6 524 49 3.78 11 12.33

114 Eligible 1991 Subaru XT6 Selection IMStationDriveway 16JUL09:14:35:18 13 96 189 64 2 12 -5 0.14 1695 14.89

115 Eligible 1990 Toyota Camry Selection IMStationDriveway 16JUL09:14:50:50 11 98 201 85 2 54 35 0.27 1858 14.79

116 Eligible 1996 Saturn SL Selection IMStationDriveway 16JUL09:15:03:32 6 98 206 60 1 . 367 . . .

117 NotOwner 1997 Chevrolet Cavalier Selection IMStationDriveway 16JUL09:15:21:31 14 98 212 909 6 5952 3470 0.65 164 14.41

119 Eligible 1993 VW Fox GL Selection IMStationDriveway 17JUL09:08:21:37 12 69 19 273 5 559 -691 0.12 118 14.94

123 Eligible 1999 Isuzu Amigo Selection IMStationDriveway 17JUL09:14:03:43 12 97 214 864 6 977 -239 0.04 25 15.00

124 Eligible 2005 Nissan 350Z Selection IMStationDriveway 17JUL09:14:24:17 11 97 230 85 2 17 9 0.04 6 15.02

125 NotOwner 2005 Mitsubishi Eclipse GST Selection IMStationDriveway 17JUL09:14:50:30 10 101 243 107 3 0 1 0.12 3 14.97

126 NotOwner 1979 Jeep Selection IMStationDriveway 17JUL09:15:04:11 13 100 248 582 6 1649 237 7.54 263 9.59

128 Eligible 2003 Chrysler Town and Country Selection IMStationDriveway 20JUL09:08:32:47 18 76 13 40 1 -12 -36 0.14 659 14.93

129 Eligible 1992 Mazda Navajo Selection IMStationDriveway 20JUL09:09:33:59 10 87 32 161 4 9 -17 0.87 11 14.43

133 Eligible 2001 Toyota Highlander Selection IMStationDriveway 20JUL09:10:29:36 8 94 62 56 1 39 -88 0.09 109 14.98
Table E-2. Vehicle Descriptions and Selection RSMs for Eligible Non-Participating Vehicles (Continued)

E-5

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to 

vehicle)

Reason for 

Evaporative

Testing 

Ineligibility

Year Make Model Remote Sensing Measurement (RSM)

Type

(Selection; 

Measurement)

Location DateTime

Speed (mph)Temperature (F)VDFEI23EI23 BinHC Method A (ppmC3)HC Method B (ppmC3)CO Method A (%)

NO Method A (ppm)CO2 Method A (%)

136 Eligible 1996 Toyota 4Runner Selection IMStationDriveway 20JUL09:12:22:49 7 97 121 157 4 389 328 0.01 2711 14.94

140 Eligible 1994 Ford Explorer Selection IMStationDriveway 20JUL09:14:27:11 13 99 198 78 2 182 136 8.75 -5 8.78

141 Eligible 1997 Ford Ranger Selection IMStationDriveway 20JUL09:14:39:47 13 101 204 630 6 1740 872 0.05 904 14.93

142 Eligible 1998 Ford Windstar Selection IMStationDriveway 20JUL09:14:44:16 9 101 207 352 5 1849 1567 0.12 121 14.91

143 Eligible 1983 Mercedes 380SL Selection IMStationDriveway 20JUL09:15:08:39 13 103 228 251 4 525 83 5.70 81 10.95

144 Eligible 1993 VW EuroVan Selection IMStationDriveway 20JUL09:15:34:48 13 101 246 50 1 -25 -37 0.50 762 14.67

146 Eligible 2005 Toyota Camry Selection IMStationDriveway 20JUL09:16:04:52 14 93 264 65 2 -4 5 0.02 -2 15.04

147 Eligible 1989 Chevrolet 1500 Selection IMStationDriveway 21JUL09:09:14:28 12 73 44 294 5 157 119 2.26 679 13.40

148 Eligible 1997 Honda Civic Selection IMStationDriveway 21JUL09:10:07:55 14 76 66 52 1 41 30 0.17 293 14.92

149 Eligible 2003 Ford Expedition Selection IMStationDriveway 21JUL09:11:24:10 8 79 103 87 2 58 -11 0.24 35 14.88

150 Eligible 2001 Dodge Grand Caravan Selection IMStationDriveway 21JUL09:13:58:21 15 86 165 62 2 -5 -16 0.06 34 15.01

151 Dealer 2003 Audi A4 Selection IMStationDriveway 21JUL09:12:22:52 18 84 127 69 2 6 9 1.62 3 13.89

152 Eligible 2003 Toyota Camry Selection IMStationDriveway 21JUL09:14:00:52 15 86 167 44 1 -11 -25 0.01 -2 15.04

153 Eligible 2003 Subaru Outback Selection IMStationDriveway 21JUL09:16:12:44 12 80 227 43 1 -2 1 0.18 11 14.92

154 Eligible 2005 Audi A6 Selection IMStationDriveway 22JUL09:08:27:50 11 71 7 65 2 5 8 0.07 -15 15.00

155 Eligible 2003 Acura MDX Selection IMStationDriveway 22JUL09:09:49:48 12 80 32 76 2 3 -19 0.03 1 15.03

160 Eligible 2009 Toyota Corolla Selection IMStationDriveway 22JUL09:15:00:38 12 102 181 77 2 -43 -26 0.05 59 15.02

164.169 Eligible 1993 Buick Riviera Selection IMStationDriveway 23JUL09:15:18:00 14 107 192 88 2 65 81 0.39 147 14.77

165 Eligible 1991 Toyota MR2 Selection IMStationDriveway 23JUL09:16:43:56 12 101 236 162 4 217 191 0.05 580 14.99

166 Eligible 2001 Jeep Grand Cherokee Selection IMStationDriveway 23JUL09:12:57:27 11 101 132 185 4 193 112 0.26 151 14.86

167 Eligible 1984 Jeep CJ7 Selection IMStationDriveway 23JUL09:13:18:26 13 102 138 288 4 . 5819 . . .

173 Eligible 2002 Jeep Liberty Selection IMStationDriveway 24JUL09:09:17:20 18 82 38 99 3 163 169 5.18 247 11.33

174 NotOwner 1984 Ford Ranger Selection IMStationDriveway 24JUL09:09:32:25 11 83 42 161 4 712 289 10.74 204 7.33

175 Eligible 2005 Buick LeSabre Selection IMStationDriveway 24JUL09:08:58:11 14 79 30 105 3 66 -42 1.72 19 13.82

179 Eligible 1998 Chevrolet S-10 Selection IMStationDriveway 24JUL09:11:57:55 13 97 99 989 6 2512 1606 0.10 34 14.90

181 Eligible 2007 Toyota 4Runner Selection IMStationDriveway 24JUL09:14:42:24 15 98 177 48 1 -41 -114 0.07 -41 15.00

182 Eligible 1981 Jeep CJ7 Selection IMStationDriveway 24JUL09:14:24:34 13 99 172 882 6 1130 517 7.19 75 9.86

183 Eligible 1992 Mitsubishi Eclipse GSX Selection IMStationDriveway 24JUL09:14:39:37 12 98 174 2370 7 6102 2448 0.17 38 14.75

187 Eligible 2001 Subaru Forester Selection IMStationDriveway 27JUL09:09:40:49 13 78 66 46 1 87 66 0.21 133 14.89

191.411 Eligible 1991 Dodge Stealth Selection IMStationDriveway 27JUL09:10:59:20 14 85 122 638 6 963 864 3.62 1404 12.38

196 Eligible 1996 Chevrolet Astro Van Selection IMStationDriveway 27JUL09:14:34:39 12 95 280 138 3 91 31 0.03 322 15.02

199 Eligible 1985 Nissan 300ZX Selection IMStationDriveway 28JUL09:08:16:54 9 65 12 167 4 723 758 0.87 2390 14.33

200 Eligible 1999 Pontiac Grand Am Selection IMStationDriveway 28JUL09:09:56:34 13 68 57 82 2 2 0 0.03 -1 15.03

201 Eligible 2000 Toyota Camry Selection IMStationDriveway 28JUL09:10:03:33 17 67 61 124 3 233 173 2.69 869 13.09

202 Dealer 1999 Audi A4 Selection IMStationDriveway 28JUL09:10:42:21 18 68 89 63 2 16 18 0.15 45 14.94

207 Eligible 1993 Ford Ranger Selection IMStationDriveway 28JUL09:12:16:17 15 68 162 885 6 1310 1512 1.69 425 13.79
Table E-2. Vehicle Descriptions and Selection RSMs for Eligible Non-Participating Vehicles (Continued)

E-6

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to 

vehicle)

Reason for 

Evaporative

Testing 

Ineligibility

Year Make Model Remote Sensing Measurement (RSM)

Type

(Selection; 

Measurement)

Location DateTime

Speed (mph)Temperature (F)VDFEI23EI23 BinHC Method A (ppmC3)HC Method B (ppmC3)CO Method A (%)

NO Method A (ppm)CO2 Method A (%)

209 NotOwner 2001 Jeep Cherokee Sport Selection IMStationDriveway 28JUL09:14:13:51 15 73 248 70 2 174 171 3.57 39 12.49

210 Eligible 1995 Jeep Wrangler Selection IMStationDriveway 28JUL09:15:01:50 12 73 283 181 4 185 68 0.47 308 14.70

211 Eligible 1989 Ford F150 Selection IMStationDriveway 28JUL09:15:39:29 12 74 300 1931 7 791 213 0.52 705 14.63

215 NotOwner 2001 Chevrolet Pickup Selection IMStationDriveway 28JUL09:16:16:23 13 74 322 96 3 168 152 4.23 155 12.01

216 Eligible 1998 Subaru Legacy Selection IMStationDriveway 28JUL09:16:34:06 10 73 331 67 2 58 48 0.53 311 14.66

222 Eligible 2001 Chevrolet Blazer Selection IMStationDriveway 29JUL09:12:07:52 17 71 132 95 3 185 164 3.23 30 12.73

223.256 Eligible 1995 Chevrolet Blazer Selection IMStationDriveway 29JUL09:13:25:41 13 71 169 2325 7 8565 6415 8.11 947 8.95

224 Eligible 1995 Jeep Grand Cherokee Selection IMStationDriveway 29JUL09:13:33:47 17 72 171 102 3 393 223 2.95 1028 12.89

225 Eligible 1990 Chevrolet Van 20 Selection IMStationDriveway 29JUL09:16:29:42 15 69 285 548 6 420 510 3.96 649 12.18

226 Eligible 1994 Ford Ranger Selection IMStationDriveway 29JUL09:14:02:23 12 72 197 1021 6 5072 6898 0.08 -69 14.85

227 Eligible 2004 Honda Pilot Selection IMStationDriveway 29JUL09:15:21:33 15 79 250 185 4 17 8 0.04 2 15.02

228 Eligible 2003 Toyota RAV4 Selection IMStationDriveway 29JUL09:15:37:00 14 78 255 45 1 -11 -12 0.20 79 14.91

229 Eligible 1997 GMC Jimmy Selection IMStationDriveway 30JUL09:10:59:22 15 60 50 106 3 55 -60 0.32 524 14.80

230 Dealer 2005 Nissan Altima Selection IMStationDriveway 30JUL09:11:20:32 17 60 61 114 3 6 8 0.01 33 15.05

231 Eligible 1993 Buick LeSabre Selection IMStationDriveway 30JUL09:11:48:26 8 59 81 58 1 163 55 0.12 5921 14.75

233 Eligible 2000 Chevrolet Suburban Selection IMStationDriveway 30JUL09:12:05:16 7 59 87 162 4 20 21 0.05 42 15.01

234 Eligible 2007 Nissan Altima Selection IMStationDriveway 30JUL09:12:55:04 13 60 120 118 3 7 12 0.16 21 14.94

235 Eligible 2007 Toyota Tundra Selection IMStationDriveway 30JUL09:13:36:36 13 61 155 91 3 5 -31 0.01 32 15.05

236 Eligible 2003 Chevrolet Corvette Selection IMStationDriveway 30JUL09:14:41:33 10 61 172 62 2 4 3 0.02 19 15.04

237 Eligible 1992 Mazda Miata Selection IMStationDriveway 30JUL09:15:15:51 11 64 190 117 3 87 85 0.25 348 14.86

239 Eligible 1996 Nissan Pathfinder Selection IMStationDriveway 30JUL09:15:59:13 13 74 207 156 4 40 -54 0.13 1361 14.91

241 Eligible 1990 Dodge Ram Selection IMStationDriveway 31JUL09:08:26:00 14 66 15 530 5 669 689 10.14 101 7.76

245 Eligible 2002 Daewoo Leganza Selection IMStationDriveway 31JUL09:08:43:46 13 68 17 64 2 14 42 0.13 3 14.96

247 Eligible 2001 Toyota Tacoma Selection IMStationDriveway 31JUL09:10:29:50 16 82 64 59 2 . -186 . . .

248 Eligible 2004 Chevrolet Impala Selection IMStationDriveway 31JUL09:10:43:46 8 83 72 151 4 -2 -39 0.07 78 15.00

250 Eligible 1983 Jeep CJ7 Selection IMStationDriveway 31JUL09:11:58:25 15 84 131 158 4 265 224 3.90 504 12.23

251 Eligible 1988 Mercedes 300E Selection IMStationDriveway 31JUL09:12:03:19 14 84 133 378 5 417 42 0.68 357 14.54

253 Eligible 1996 Toyota Tacoma Selection IMStationDriveway 31JUL09:12:22:59 14 81 143 77 2 -44 6 0.09 120 14.98

254 Eligible 2005 Scion XA Selection IMStationDriveway 31JUL09:13:52:25 14 88 198 40 1 -69 -13 -0.01 1612 15.01

257 Eligible 1994 Geo Metro Selection IMStationDriveway 31JUL09:16:20:58 14 78 270 259 4 . 87 . . .

258 Eligible 1996 Jeep Cherokee Selection IMStationDriveway 31JUL09:16:27:25 17 79 274 133 3 123 52 0.37 1833 14.72

259 Eligible 1993 Ford Mustang Selection IMStationDriveway 31JUL09:16:36:46 11 81 280 138 3 116 -17 0.06 373 14.99

264 Eligible 1982 Ford F150 Selection IMStationDriveway 03AUG09:11:10:19 10 93 93 503 5 760 144 4.50 569 11.78

265 Eligible 2004 Honda Pilot Selection IMStationDriveway 03AUG09:11:23:44 11 93 106 66 2 -17 37 0.02 32 15.04

267 Eligible 1991 Toyota Camry Selection IMStationDriveway 03AUG09:12:06:25 13 95 136 446 5 1511 1431 4.08 176 12.08

268 Dealer 2007 Honda Pilot Selection IMStationDriveway 03AUG09:12:10:41 19 95 138 87 2 5 5 0.02 -11 15.04
Table E-2. Vehicle Descriptions and Selection RSMs for Eligible Non-Participating Vehicles (Continued)

E-7

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to 

vehicle)

Reason for 

Evaporative

Testing 

Ineligibility

Year Make Model Remote Sensing Measurement (RSM)

Type

(Selection; 

Measurement)

Location DateTime

Speed (mph)Temperature (F)VDFEI23EI23 BinHC Method A (ppmC3)HC Method B (ppmC3)CO Method A (%)

NO Method A (ppm)CO2 Method A (%)

270 Eligible 1999 Ford Explorer Selection IMStationDriveway 03AUG09:12:55:31 9 97 162 112 3 4 -23 0.15 11 14.95

272 Eligible 1991 Toyota Long Bed Selection IMStationDriveway 03AUG09:13:26:42 11 93 175 61 2 166 95 0.58 1704 14.58

273 Eligible 1988 Ford Mustang Selection IMStationDriveway 03AUG09:13:41:14 6 93 179 883 6 2570 898 0.36 265 14.71

274 Eligible 2001 Nissan Frontier Selection IMStationDriveway 03AUG09:13:41:40 10 93 180 344 6 . -2651 . . .

275 Eligible 1984 Ford Tempo Selection IMStationDriveway 03AUG09:13:47:10 13 97 183 1453 7 5315 6178 2.41 317 13.16

277 Eligible 2004 Honda Accord Selection IMStationDriveway 03AUG09:14:26:17 12 98 207 151 4 31 16 1.60 -29 13.91

280 Eligible 1994 Ford F150 Selection IMStationDriveway 04AUG09:11:14:58 11 84 104 222 4 394 169 3.08 160 12.83

281 Eligible 2005 Jeep Liberty Selection IMStationDriveway 04AUG09:10:41:31 10 81 80 100 3 16 -29 0.07 -13 15.00

282 Eligible 1974 Ford F250 Selection IMStationDriveway 04AUG09:11:21:24 10 86 107 360 5 329 91 0.73 1471 14.47

283 Eligible 2002 Dodge Ram Selection IMStationDriveway 04AUG09:11:36:16 12 87 116 165 4 29 6 0.01 59 15.04

284 Eligible 1982 Ford F250 Selection IMStationDriveway 04AUG09:14:17:22 11 102 131 521 6 1039 421 4.34 213 11.90

286 Eligible 2006 Jeep Laredo Selection IMStationDriveway 04AUG09:15:24:51 13 96 171 72 2 6 -10 0.05 -1 15.02

287 Eligible 1966 Volvo 122 Selection IMStationDriveway 04AUG09:15:53:15 14 97 181 388 5 941 702 1.92 1466 13.59

288 FleetVehicle 1998 Chevrolet 1500 Selection IMStationDriveway 04AUG09:16:17:36 12 94 198 61 2 -2 9 0.03 474 15.01

289 Eligible 1991 Buick Century Selection IMStationDriveway 05AUG09:10:29:06 13 80 59 294 5 532 788 -0.01 986 15.01

291 Dealer 1995 Buick Century Selection IMStationDriveway 05AUG09:12:33:04 14 90 125 2219 7 2659 -797 0.08 571 14.89

292 Eligible 2005 Chevrolet Silverado Selection IMStationDriveway 05AUG09:13:04:23 14 91 136 167 4 21 21 0.10 79 14.98

293 Eligible 1994 Ford F150 Selection IMStationDriveway 05AUG09:13:14:34 12 95 146 457 5 902 356 0.05 179 14.99

296 Eligible 1995 Subaru Outback Selection IMStationDriveway 05AUG09:15:17:35 13 103 190 95 3 203 44 1.67 206 13.84

297 Eligible 1963 Chevrolet C10 Selection IMStationDriveway 06AUG09:09:07:27 13 75 32 551 6 1446 -942 6.41 465 10.40

299 FleetVehicle 2005 GMC Sierra Selection IMStationDriveway 06AUG09:09:57:38 10 78 50 314 5 545 178 0.07 71 14.98

300 Eligible 2005 Buick Century Selection IMStationDriveway 06AUG09:10:04:27 9 78 52 43 1 -9 -7 0.01 -13 15.05

304 Eligible 2006 Ford F150 Selection IMStationDriveway 07AUG09:08:14:31 15 71 15 105 3 37 14 0.08 -1 14.99

307 Eligible 1995 Ford Taurus Selection IMStationDriveway 07AUG09:10:14:50 17 82 88 308 5 1427 914 4.26 707 11.93

308 NotOwner 1996 Mazda 626 Selection IMStationDriveway 07AUG09:10:54:37 15 85 101 81 2 9 1 0.07 271 14.99

310 Eligible 2001 BMW Z3 Selection IMStationDriveway 07AUG09:13:32:47 14 99 190 152 4 7 25 0.12 31 14.97

312 Eligible 2003 Ford Focus Selection IMStationDriveway 07AUG09:14:40:37 14 110 228 86 2 4 12 1.09 -9 14.27

313 Eligible 1994 Toyota Land Cruiser Selection IMStationDriveway 07AUG09:14:44:01 8 110 229 170 4 28 30 0.05 100 15.01

314 Eligible 2005 Honda Civic Selection IMStationDriveway 07AUG09:15:03:47 11 110 236 96 3 39 4 2.02 22 13.60

315 Eligible 1990 Honda Accord Selection IMStationDriveway 07AUG09:15:55:24 9 105 265 104 3 12 39 0.12 641 14.95

317 Eligible 2005 Dodge SRT-4 Selection IMStationDriveway 07AUG09:16:30:59 16 100 283 278 5 274 257 0.03 104 15.02

318 Eligible 1995 Nissan Maxima Selection IMStationDriveway 07AUG09:16:36:00 12 105 286 493 5 914 728 1.42 173 14.00

322 Eligible 1998 BMW Z3 Selection IMStationDriveway 10AUG09:11:30:17 14 80 89 195 4 28 0 0.09 80 14.99

323 Eligible 2007 Ford Taurus Selection IMStationDriveway 10AUG09:12:21:25 13 85 119 61 2 -40 -60 0.05 59 15.02

324 Eligible 2004 Honda Accord Selection IMStationDriveway 10AUG09:12:44:13 15 88 130 86 2 45 20 3.12 22 12.82

326 Eligible 1991 Saturn SL2 Selection IMStationDriveway 10AUG09:15:38:21 12 100 225 334 5 440 54 0.29 990 14.80
Table E-2. Vehicle Descriptions and Selection RSMs for Eligible Non-Participating Vehicles (Continued)

E-8

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to 

vehicle)

Reason for 

Evaporative

Testing 

Ineligibility

Year Make Model Remote Sensing Measurement (RSM)

Type

(Selection; 

Measurement)

Location DateTime

Speed (mph)Temperature (F)VDFEI23EI23 BinHC Method A (ppmC3)HC Method B (ppmC3)CO Method A (%)

NO Method A (ppm)CO2 Method A (%)

328 Eligible 2005 Volvo S40 Selection IMStationDriveway 10AUG09:16:30:56 11 104 239 63 2 -7 -3 0.04 47 15.02

330 Eligible 2001 Mercedes ML320 Selection IMStationDriveway 11AUG09:10:21:17 12 79 50 63 2 -20 -14 0.03 9 15.03

333 Eligible 2003 Dodge Caravan Selection IMStationDriveway 11AUG09:11:45:52 10 91 90 89 2 -6 -47 0.03 -7 15.03

334 Eligible 1999 Toyota Sienna Selection IMStationDriveway 11AUG09:12:04:50 13 92 98 210 4 228 194 0.67 188 14.56

335 Eligible 2003 BMW 540i Selection IMStationDriveway 11AUG09:12:20:56 13 92 101 113 3 24 19 0.01 3 15.04

336 Eligible 1980 Chevrolet Malibu Selection IMStationDriveway 11AUG09:12:24:00 12 93 103 972 6 2177 369 2.22 1405 13.34

338 Eligible 1999 Chevrolet Van Selection IMStationDriveway 11AUG09:15:52:54 13 112 214 79 2 20 24 0.21 384 14.89

340 Eligible 1994 Ford Ranger Selection IMStationDriveway 11AUG09:16:10:12 15 115 229 2073 7 3888 -1680 0.22 3986 14.64

341 Eligible 1998 Toyota 4Runner Selection IMStationDriveway 11AUG09:17:03:35 10 117 246 260 4 238 70 0.02 15 15.03

342 NotOwner 1999 Dodge Ram 2500 Selection IMStationDriveway 12AUG09:10:13:02 11 82 41 187 4 169 116 0.49 2480 14.61

344 Eligible 1988 Chevrolet Corvette Selection IMStationDriveway 12AUG09:10:22:17 11 83 50 211 4 131 53 0.02 2820 14.94

345 Eligible 1996 Ford F150 Selection IMStationDriveway 12AUG09:10:48:36 12 87 72 164 4 48 -54 0.01 50 15.05

346 Eligible 2003 Honda Accord Selection IMStationDriveway 12AUG09:10:48:46 15 87 73 30 1 -23 1 0.01 25 15.04

347 Eligible 1992 Chevrolet Half-Ton Selection IMStationDriveway 12AUG09:11:19:25 9 91 90 181 4 549 279 0.25 990 14.82

349 Eligible 1985 Toyota Pickup Selection IMStationDriveway 12AUG09:13:01:05 7 101 138 196 4 446 -1094 0.13 3071 14.84

351 Eligible 1999 Ford Explorer Selection IMStationDriveway 12AUG09:15:10:16 14 110 203 63 2 -12 15 0.05 18 15.02

356 Eligible 2005 Dodge Dakota Selection IMStationDriveway 13AUG09:10:23:14 11 85 58 270 5 16 1 0.09 124 14.98

358 Eligible 1997 Chevrolet Malibu Selection IMStationDriveway 13AUG09:12:03:56 17 93 119 96 3 4 7 0.03 -12 15.03

359 Eligible 2000 Ford Ranger Selection IMStationDriveway 13AUG09:15:10:04 12 78 188 66 2 8 8 0.09 1849 14.93

360 Eligible 2001 Chevrolet Suburban Selection IMStationDriveway 13AUG09:16:09:14 13 97 211 161 4 16 1 0.05 322 15.01

363 Eligible 2003 Dodge Stratus Selection IMStationDriveway 14AUG09:09:58:10 12 74 64 146 3 18 3 0.04 6 15.03

366 Eligible 2003 BMW 530i Selection IMStationDriveway 14AUG09:12:43:41 13 81 153 37 1 118 65 0.39 140 14.77

368 Eligible 1994 Toyota Camry Selection IMStationDriveway 14AUG09:15:35:07 16 94 249 122 3 185 187 0.06 818 14.98

369 Eligible 1993 Ford Ranger Selection IMStationDriveway 14AUG09:16:36:47 10 83 278 77 2 22 0 1.52 3 13.96

372 Eligible 1996 Toyota Corolla Selection IMStationDriveway 17AUG09:09:31:03 12 65 41 200 4 348 87 0.17 1103 14.88

373 Eligible 1997 Subaru Outback/Legacy Selection IMStationDriveway 17AUG09:09:49:29 15 66 49 113 3 284 177 2.13 684 13.49

374 Eligible 2003 Jaguar XKR Selection IMStationDriveway 17AUG09:09:56:58 18 66 57 46 1 -7 -13 0.04 13 15.03

376 Eligible 1993 Pontiac Trans Am Selection IMStationDriveway 17AUG09:12:32:45 16 77 146 291 4 826 1321 0.64 1197 14.53

377 Eligible 1992 Acura Integra Selection IMStationDriveway 17AUG09:13:10:10 7 81 153 157 4 97 112 0.74 213 14.51

378 Eligible 2004 Toyota Corolla Selection IMStationDriveway 17AUG09:13:20:57 13 83 157 71 2 83 -40 0.06 231 15.00

380 Eligible 1987 Chevrolet 3/4 Ton Pickup Selection IMStationDriveway 17AUG09:15:07:27 13 86 224 155 4 63 11 0.14 2279 14.87

382 Eligible 2001 Toyota Sienna Selection IMStationDriveway 17AUG09:15:22:46 12 86 233 56 1 18 19 0.11 120 14.97

384 Eligible 1985 Jeep Wagoneer Selection IMStationDriveway 18AUG09:08:18:12 12 63 12 214 4 610 159 7.32 179 9.78

386 Eligible 1998 Ford Escort Selection IMStationDriveway 18AUG09:10:00:29 12 69 57 92 3 -6 4 0.02 140 15.04

388 Eligible 1992 Honda Accord Selection IMStationDriveway 18AUG09:12:34:50 16 82 125 54 1 36 40 1.04 108 14.30

389 Eligible 2001 Chevrolet Astro Selection IMStationDriveway 18AUG09:14:54:27 13 65 141 60 2 5 -47 0.02 47 15.04
Table E-2. Vehicle Descriptions and Selection RSMs for Eligible Non-Participating Vehicles (Continued)

E-9

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to 

vehicle)

Reason for 

Evaporative

Testing 

Ineligibility

Year Make Model Remote Sensing Measurement (RSM)

Type

(Selection; 

Measurement)

Location DateTime

Speed (mph)Temperature (F)VDFEI23EI23 BinHC Method A (ppmC3)HC Method B (ppmC3)CO Method A (%)

NO Method A (ppm)CO2 Method A (%)

394 Eligible 1991 Ford Taurus Selection IMStationDriveway 19AUG09:13:13:58 9 87 127 2530 7 3186 3850 0.06 1399 14.87

398 Eligible 1990 Plymouth Acclaim Selection IMStationDriveway 19AUG09:14:22:20 14 93 163 263 5 770 -225 1.16 103 14.19

400 Eligible 2006 Toyota Tacoma Selection IMStationDriveway 20AUG09:08:32:02 15 61 7 109 3 . -313 . . .

403 Eligible 2003 Ford Crown Victoria Selection IMStationDriveway 20AUG09:12:14:20 15 80 121 139 3 153 69 0.09 38 14.98

406 Eligible 2005 Chrysler Crossfire Selection IMStationDriveway 20AUG09:13:32:47 11 87 151 81 2 11 27 0.07 8 15.00

407 Eligible 1995 Geo Prizm Selection IMStationDriveway 20AUG09:13:48:28 12 89 165 341 5 485 210 0.32 173 14.81

409 Eligible 1994 Toyota Celica Selection IMStationDriveway 20AUG09:14:50:35 13 96 196 104 3 218 226 1.09 741 14.24

410 Eligible 2005 Subaru Legacy Selection IMStationDriveway 20AUG09:15:22:05 16 99 203 153 4 15 19 0.03 199 15.03

412 Eligible 2005 Dodge Grand Caravan Selection IMStationDriveway 20AUG09:16:25:11 12 104 228 170 4 13 50 0.54 -18 14.67

413 Eligible 1995 Ford F150 Selection IMStationDriveway 20AUG09:16:54:41 13 103 239 207 4 268 67 2.94 252 12.93

415 Eligible 2005 Ford Escape Selection IMStationDriveway 21AUG09:10:11:41 14 71 76 92 3 -3 -19 0.01 61 15.04

417 Eligible 2002 GMC Denali Selection IMStationDriveway 21AUG09:10:34:51 11 73 94 152 4 14 -26 0.01 93 15.05

418 Eligible 2002 Kia Sedona Selection IMStationDriveway 21AUG09:11:53:26 12 78 145 68 2 -12 -23 0.03 22 15.04

419 Eligible 1987 GMC Jimmy Selection IMStationDriveway 21AUG09:12:14:29 10 80 158 123 3 278 299 0.33 718 14.78

421 Eligible 2001 Honda Civic Selection IMStationDriveway 21AUG09:12:57:17 14 85 183 106 3 75 -8 1.35 -23 14.09

422 Eligible 1994 GMC Sierra Selection IMStationDriveway 21AUG09:13:45:31 15 92 217 229 4 292 324 6.41 326 10.44

423 FleetVehicle 2004 Dodge Ram 1500 Selection IMStationDriveway 21AUG09:13:48:02 15 93 220 163 4 18 -22 0.01 66 15.04

426 Eligible 1993 Toyota Corolla Selection IMStationDriveway 24AUG09:09:15:41 12 79 12 85 2 293 257 1.16 556 14.19

429 Eligible 2003 Acura RSX-S Selection IMStationDriveway 24AUG09:10:28:30 15 80 62 45 1 -23 -25 0.00 55 15.05

433 Eligible 1997 Isuzu Rodeo Selection IMStationDriveway 24AUG09:11:37:04 11 86 107 280 4 1345 1283 1.27 447 14.09

434 Eligible 1994 Chevrolet Cavalier Selection IMStationDriveway 24AUG09:11:48:11 12 86 113 52 1 341 265 1.73 506 13.79

435 NotOwner 2001 Toyota Sequoia Selection IMStationDriveway 24AUG09:13:24:31 15 88 167 153 4 8 -8 0.04 995 14.99

436 Eligible 1990 Toyota Camry Selection IMStationDriveway 24AUG09:13:56:42 11 87 184 88 2 486 401 9.96 34 7.89

440 Eligible 2001 Toyota Corolla Selection IMStationDriveway 24AUG09:15:08:08 13 83 220 62 2 209 148 1.44 139 14.01

442 Eligible 1985 Chevrolet S-10 Selection IMStationDriveway 24AUG09:16:26:06 13 77 263 1168 7 680 563 1.92 235 13.65

443 Eligible 1982 Chevrolet Suburban Selection IMStationDriveway 24AUG09:16:56:49 11 76 274 459 4 14173 13771 5.30 1945 10.76

444 Eligible 2003 GMC Envoy Selection IMStationDriveway 25AUG09:08:00:24 13 66 6 70 2 30 -1 0.04 104 15.02

446 Eligible 2004 Oldsmobile Alero Selection IMStationDriveway 25AUG09:09:50:38 16 72 61 120 3 6 12 0.03 6 15.04

447 Eligible 2003 Chevrolet Cavalier Selection IMStationDriveway 25AUG09:10:15:11 11 72 84 62 2 8 -19 0.05 601 14.99

448 Eligible 2001 Jeep Wagoneer/Cherokee Selection IMStationDriveway 25AUG09:10:22:07 13 72 86 72 2 73 25 0.32 64 14.82

449 Eligible 1999 Mazda Protege Selection IMStationDriveway 25AUG09:10:30:22 10 72 93 150 3 4 -8 0.10 1245 14.94

450 Eligible 1993 Volvo 240 Selection IMStationDriveway 25AUG09:10:42:14 10 73 100 223 4 662 538 9.43 168 8.27

451 Eligible 1994 Ford F250 Selection IMStationDriveway 25AUG09:10:53:08 14 74 108 1643 7 7831 9751 4.12 1038 11.83

452 Eligible 1994 Toyota Camry Selection IMStationDriveway 25AUG09:11:34:51 16 77 132 74 2 20 16 0.03 139 15.02

453 Eligible 1973 Ford XLT Ranger Selection IMStationDriveway 25AUG09:11:49:11 13 77 139 3434 7 3834 -250 4.18 700 11.92

457 Eligible 2000 Subaru Legacy Selection IMStationDriveway 25AUG09:16:01:00 15 79 265 103 3 119 174 5.65 42 11.00
Table E-2. Vehicle Descriptions and Selection RSMs for Eligible Non-Participating Vehicles (Continued)

E-10

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to 

vehicle)

Reason for 

Evaporative

Testing 

Ineligibility

Year Make Model Remote Sensing Measurement (RSM)

Type

(Selection; 

Measurement)

Location DateTime

Speed (mph)Temperature (F)VDFEI23EI23 BinHC Method A (ppmC3)HC Method B (ppmC3)CO Method A (%)

NO Method A (ppm)CO2 Method A (%)

458 Eligible 1988 Jeep Wrangler Selection IMStationDriveway 25AUG09:16:14:14 14 80 270 163 4 414 314 6.39 179 10.45

459 Eligible 1996 Jeep Grand Cherokee Selection IMStationDriveway 26AUG09:09:02:19 15 67 36 179 4 110 94 0.41 272 14.75

462 Eligible 2000 Saab 95 Selection IMStationDriveway 26AUG09:12:43:11 13 80 134 188 4 222 116 1.04 238 14.29

463 CommercialVehicle 2000 Chevrolet Astro Selection IMStationDriveway 26AUG09:13:35:29 12 82 155 70 2 11 24 0.04 -8 15.03

464 Eligible 1998 Ford Taurus Selection IMStationDriveway 26AUG09:13:49:35 11 82 158 432 5 2078 970 0.08 110 14.93

467 Eligible 2001 Chevrolet Corvette Selection IMStationDriveway 27AUG09:12:08:41 8 84 113 66 2 10 -4 0.13 -2 14.96

470 Eligible 2006 Nissan Armada SE Selection IMStationDriveway 27AUG09:13:17:30 16 88 137 71 2 29 -5 0.02 99 15.04

472 Eligible 1999 Jeep Cherokee Selection IMStationDriveway 27AUG09:13:47:06 11 91 151 97 3 15 -6 0.37 243 14.78

473 Eligible 1995 Chevrolet C-1500 Selection IMStationDriveway 27AUG09:14:26:50 15 95 174 61 2 116 113 0.83 55 14.45

474 Eligible 1970 Chevrolet Custom 10 350 Selection IMStationDriveway 27AUG09:15:00:29 12 95 190 99 2 869 756 7.95 291 9.32

476 Eligible 1986 Jeep Wagoneer Selection IMStationDriveway 27AUG09:15:27:51 15 100 201 306 5 473 361 3.42 475 12.57

478 Eligible 2004 Pontiac Grand Am Selection IMStationDriveway 27AUG09:16:29:47 15 103 232 99 3 -5 -4 0.03 9 15.03

479 Eligible 1990 Jeep Cherokee Selection IMStationDriveway 27AUG09:16:47:34 13 103 241 165 4 320 274 5.40 511 11.15

483 Eligible 1998 Chevrolet Corvette Selection IMStationDriveway 28AUG09:08:59:56 16 68 19 88 2 25 22 0.04 62 15.03

485.534 Eligible 1985 Ford F250 Selection IMStationDriveway 28AUG09:09:48:16 17 70 46 304 5 506 443 6.66 698 10.24

488 Eligible 2000 Dodge Ram 1500 Selection IMStationDriveway 28AUG09:10:40:05 15 72 79 170 4 27 -50 0.07 30 15.00

490 Eligible 2002 Lexus GS430 Selection IMStationDriveway 28AUG09:12:03:56 12 76 129 81 2 -2 9 0.03 161 15.02

491 Eligible 1999 Ford Explorer Selection IMStationDriveway 28AUG09:12:10:10 16 77 134 535 6 472 -39 2.76 42 13.06

492 Eligible 2003 Chevrolet Avalanche Selection IMStationDriveway 28AUG09:12:17:55 12 77 140 78 2 39 -30 0.06 403 14.99

493 Eligible 1979 Ford Ranger Selection IMStationDriveway 28AUG09:12:32:29 13 79 144 189 4 84 9 3.26 349 12.70

495 Eligible 2000 Jeep Cherokee Selection IMStationDriveway 28AUG09:14:04:30 13 91 205 153 4 93 -32 0.16 -1 14.94

496 Eligible 2001 GMC Sonoma Selection IMStationDriveway 28AUG09:14:15:45 16 92 218 199 4 60 60 3.41 13 12.60

499 Eligible 2005 Toyota Camry Selection IMStationDriveway 28AUG09:15:18:09 15 102 254 54 1 0 -15 0.06 -5 15.01

500 Eligible 1999 Honda Accord Selection IMStationDriveway 28AUG09:15:21:32 10 102 259 224 4 427 333 0.81 541 14.44

501 Eligible 1994 Toyota 4Runner Selection IMStationDriveway 28AUG09:15:52:12 12 101 266 68 2 195 214 3.10 2 12.83

502 Eligible 2001 GMC Jimmy Selection IMStationDriveway 28AUG09:15:53:43 10 101 267 130 3 31 43 0.07 455 14.98

503 Eligible 1990 Chevrolet Corvette Selection IMStationDriveway 28AUG09:16:55:00 12 108 298 611 6 666 506 1.50 212 13.95

505 Eligible 1991 Toyota MR2 Selection IMStationDriveway 31AUG09:09:25:02 14 65 71 62 2 27 28 0.11 246 14.96

506 Eligible 1988 Toyota 4Runner Selection IMStationDriveway 31AUG09:09:51:55 11 70 92 260 4 61 13 0.83 363 14.44

508 Eligible 1998 Chevrolet S-10 Selection IMStationDriveway 31AUG09:10:38:04 15 70 124 56 1 -28 -58 0.05 340 15.01

509 Eligible 1997 Ford Explorer Selection IMStationDriveway 31AUG09:10:59:10 16 73 134 378 5 1293 1019 2.70 170 13.08

510 Eligible 1985 Ford Ranger Selection IMStationDriveway 31AUG09:11:02:38 14 73 138 118 3 . 295 . . .

511 Eligible 1992 Lexus SL400 Selection IMStationDriveway 31AUG09:11:18:04 9 74 147 132 3 10 9 0.08 599 14.98

513 Eligible 2002 Chevrolet Avalanche Selection IMStationDriveway 31AUG09:11:40:58 7 77 172 240 4 42 -4 0.05 91 15.01

515 Eligible 2005 Mercedes ML350 Selection IMStationDriveway 31AUG09:11:50:18 7 78 176 58 2 100 -56 0.03 11 15.03

516 Eligible 1974 VW Vanagon Selection IMStationDriveway 31AUG09:11:37:46 11 77 167 551 6 4437 110 5.51 692 10.95
Table E-2. Vehicle Descriptions and Selection RSMs for Eligible Non-Participating Vehicles (Continued)

E-11

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to 

vehicle)

Reason for 

Evaporative

Testing 

Ineligibility

Year Make Model Remote Sensing Measurement (RSM)

Type

(Selection; 

Measurement)

Location DateTime

Speed (mph)Temperature (F)VDFEI23EI23 BinHC Method A (ppmC3)HC Method B (ppmC3)CO Method A (%)

NO Method A (ppm)CO2 Method A (%)

519 Eligible 1997 Pontiac Grand Am Selection IMStationDriveway 31AUG09:13:35:12 12 83 255 85 2 56 40 0.02 422 15.02

520 Eligible 1980 Jeep Wagoneer Selection IMStationDriveway 31AUG09:13:41:53 12 83 260 203 4 258 259 0.16 1929 14.86

522 Eligible 2004 Audi A4 Selection IMStationDriveway 31AUG09:14:15:44 11 84 285 82 2 4 12 0.02 0 15.04

523 Eligible 1989 Jeep Wrangler Selection IMStationDriveway 31AUG09:14:22:18 12 85 290 252 4 300 148 0.83 458 14.44

524 Eligible 1997 Isuzu Rodeo Selection IMStationDriveway 31AUG09:14:43:16 16 85 305 158 4 206 150 2.86 273 12.99

525 Eligible 2005 Pontiac Vibe Selection IMStationDriveway 31AUG09:15:06:14 13 83 317 103 3 16 3 0.03 4 15.03

526 Eligible 1999 Land Rover Range Rover Selection IMStationDriveway 31AUG09:15:14:31 13 82 323 171 4 11 -3 0.01 -3 15.04

528 Eligible 1994 Jeep Cherokee Selection IMStationDriveway 31AUG09:16:00:56 8 86 351 498 5 1995 1014 0.28 1640 14.74

529 Eligible 2003 Oldsmobile Silhouette Selection IMStationDriveway 31AUG09:16:19:04 11 86 359 167 4 34 -33 0.05 344 15.01

530 Eligible 1996 Chevrolet Blazer Selection IMStationDriveway 31AUG09:16:54:05 14 80 375 48 1 74 18 0.06 -38 15.01

531 Eligible 2002 Ford Expedition Selection IMStationDriveway 01SEP09:08:27:11 15 65 13 71 2 5 -8 0.20 37 14.91

532 Eligible 1967 Chevrolet Camaro Selection IMStationDriveway 01SEP09:08:36:30 13 66 18 2459 7 4289 3569 4.27 1073 11.82

533 Eligible 1991 Nissan Maxima Selection IMStationDriveway 01SEP09:08:59:12 11 68 28 384 5 609 312 0.10 189 14.96

535 Eligible 2001 Ford Taurus Selection IMStationDriveway 01SEP09:10:26:39 14 78 71 401 5 335 4 4.66 7 11.71

536 Eligible 2005 Hyundai Sonata Selection IMStationDriveway 01SEP09:10:40:15 14 80 78 75 2 -32 -13 0.01 4847 14.88

537 Eligible 1996 Ford F150 Selection IMStationDriveway 01SEP09:11:39:39 9 85 106 61 2 16 112 0.04 18 15.03

538 Eligible 1993 Toyota Tacoma Selection IMStationDriveway 01SEP09:11:48:01 6 86 110 93 3 117 119 0.20 1536 14.85

539 Eligible 1963 Chevrolet C-10 Selection IMStationDriveway 01SEP09:12:13:23 15 90 127 192 4 646 517 8.28 349 9.09

541 Eligible 2002 GMC Yukon Selection IMStationDriveway 01SEP09:14:26:35 11 93 176 347 5 407 116 3.48 116 12.54

543 Eligible 1995 Toyota Camry Selection IMStationDriveway 01SEP09:15:58:26 11 94 228 307 5 713 632 0.38 704 14.73

544 Eligible 1993 Jeep Cherokee Selection IMStationDriveway 01SEP09:16:15:03 12 92 235 201 4 . 151 . . .

545 Eligible 2002 Lexus RX300 Selection IMStationDriveway 02SEP09:08:34:39 11 69 11 112 3 18 12 0.06 164 15.00

548 Eligible 1991 Toyota MR2 Selection IMStationDriveway 02SEP09:10:37:20 16 75 74 322 5 276 249 4.71 108 11.67

549 Eligible 1995 Chevrolet Blazer Selection IMStationDriveway 02SEP09:13:13:01 10 91 142 1989 7 1085 667 0.03 102 14.99

551 Eligible 1997 Jeep Grand Cherokee Selection IMStationDriveway 02SEP09:15:33:13 14 100 206 78 2 16 28 0.19 132 14.91

552 Eligible 1996 Infiniti G20 Selection IMStationDriveway 03SEP09:08:53:13 13 69 24 55 1 2 233 0.58 -27 14.64

553 Eligible 2002 Toyota 4Runner Selection IMStationDriveway 03SEP09:09:13:03 13 71 36 596 6 1178 269 2.45 35 13.26

554 NotOwner 2005 Chrysler Pacifica Selection IMStationDriveway 03SEP09:09:20:52 9 72 39 60 2 5 -14 0.04 -2 15.02

555 Eligible 1994 Ford Bronco Selection IMStationDriveway 03SEP09:11:02:54 13 80 70 144 3 56 44 0.55 226 14.65

556 Eligible 2003 Dodge Ram 2500 Selection IMStationDriveway 03SEP09:11:19:41 16 80 79 96 3 15 -53 0.04 2017 14.95

557 Eligible 1995 Ford F150 Selection IMStationDriveway 03SEP09:11:25:09 15 81 81 276 4 1629 479 3.96 245 12.16

558 Eligible 1999 Dodge Neon Selection IMStationDriveway 03SEP09:11:45:51 12 83 88 122 3 66 -81 0.05 533 14.99

560 Eligible 2005 Chevrolet Trailblazer Selection IMStationDriveway 03SEP09:12:21:38 10 86 105 127 3 13 -47 0.04 45 15.02

561 Eligible 1999 Mercedes E320 Selection IMStationDriveway 03SEP09:13:00:43 11 89 112 51 1 7 16 0.04 27 15.02

562 Eligible 1992 Range Rover LR Selection IMStationDriveway 03SEP09:13:15:51 13 91 118 102 3 49 -14 0.36 168 14.79

564 Eligible 1999 Chevrolet Suburban K1500 Selection IMStationDriveway 03SEP09:15:15:34 9 104 167 172 4 59 -6 0.03 166 15.02
Table E-2. Vehicle Descriptions and Selection RSMs for Eligible Non-Participating Vehicles (Continued)

E-12

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to 

vehicle)

Reason for 

Evaporative

Testing 

Ineligibility

Year Make Model Remote Sensing Measurement (RSM)

Type

(Selection; 

Measurement)

Location DateTime

Speed (mph)Temperature (F)VDFEI23EI23 BinHC Method A (ppmC3)HC Method B (ppmC3)CO Method A (%)

NO Method A (ppm)CO2 Method A (%)

565 Eligible 1976 Ford Granada Selection IMStationDriveway 03SEP09:16:05:54 13 93 202 165 4 417 254 2.67 404 13.12

566 Eligible 2005 VW Beetle Selection IMStationDriveway 04SEP09:10:21:02 13 72 88 47 1 -30 -21 0.11 28 14.98

567 Eligible 1989 Honda Civic Selection IMStationDriveway 04SEP09:10:26:45 13 74 91 113 3 134 106 1.10 590 14.24

569 Eligible 1998 Subaru Legacy Selection IMStationDriveway 04SEP09:11:15:40 10 78 116 50 1 74 54 0.04 43 15.02
Appendix F

Descriptions and Data for Participating Vehicles

F-1

Appendix F provides selected data on the 175 vehicles whose drivers agreed to 

participate in the intensive evaporative emissions portion of the project.

Table F-1 provides descriptions of the participating vehicles. Besides model year, make, 

and model, the table gives fuel metering type, Vehicle Emissions Control Information (VECI), 

VIN stem, transmission type, fuel level, and odometer readings. The transcriptions for the bluebackground entries of the VECI information and VINs have been verified as correct by 

examining digital photographs of the VECI labels and VIN stamps during the data qualitycontrol process. The use of the VIN stem for 1981 and newer vehicles, which is the first through 

ninth plus eleventh digits of the VIN, allows the decoding of VINs while protecting the identity 

of private vehicles.

Table F-2 provides information on the Selection RSMs and Measurement RSMs. The 

Combined PacketID in the first column provides linkage of the results to the Table F-1 

information. Just as for ineligible vehicles and eligible non-participants, each participant was 

assigned a Selection RSM EI23 Bin based on the EI23 value determined from the Selection RSM 

raw data. Once a vehicle became a participant it typically received six Measurement RSMs –

duplicate RSMs at nominally 12, 34, and 55 mph. For each participant Table F-2 shows the 

Selection and Measurement RSMs in chronological order. Additionally, some vehicles were sent 

for evaporative emissions repairs. After repair these vehicles received two additional 

Measurement RSMs at nominally 12 mph. These RSMs are also shown in Table F-2. The 

Measurement RSMs and the after-repair results are not analyzed in this report and are simply 

included in the appendices for completeness.

Table F-3 shows the results of the PSHED measurements that were performed on the 

participating vehicles. Again, the Combined PacketID in the first column provides linkage of the 

results to the Table F-1 information. Also, the table includes after-repair PSHED measurements 

for the vehicles that were sent for evaporative emissions repairs. The last column of the table 

gives the hot-soak value in grams per quarter-hour (g/Qhr) as measured in the PSHED. The 

model year, EI23 Bin, and PSHED from this table coupled with the targeting fractions by Evap 

Index Bin and with solicitation response rates provide the information used to characterize the 

distribution of PSHED values for the Ken Caryl fleet. These distributions will be determined in 

Section 5.2.

Table F-4 provides the results of the Modified California Method and IM gas cap 

integrity inspection results for the participants. As the table shows, the MCM examined a variety 

of locations on the vehicle’s fuel handling and evaporative emissions control system. However, 

in many cases some portions of these systems were not accessible for examination, for example, 

because of shrouds or other components manufactured into the vehicle. In these instances the 

table indicates NP for not performed. If the technician examining the vehicles recorded any 

comments about the MCM inspection, they are presented in the table. The table also includes the 

before-repair PSHED result for comparison with the MCM results.
F-2

Table F-1. Descriptions of Participating Vehicles

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model Fuel

Metering

Type

(C;F)

VECI

Year

VECI

Engine

Family

VECI

Evap

Family

VIN Stem

(digits 1 to 9 and 11)

Trans

Type

(M;A)

Fuel

Gauge

(1.00

0.75

0.50

0.25

0.00)

Odometer Odometer

Resolution

(5; 6)

7 1998 Ford Explorer F 1998 WFMXT04.0HAA WFMXE0120BAE 1FMZU34E1.Z...... A 0.25 150752 6

9 1992 Saturn SL F 1992 N4G1.9V5JPH5 NAO-4B 1G8ZG549X.Z...... M 0.75 183866 6

17 1993 Mercury Grand Marquis F 1993 PFM4.6V5FDF2 F3AE-9C485-JJT 2MELM75W8.X...... A 0.00 123479 6

18 2003 VW Passat F 2003 3ADXV01.8342 3ADXR0140232 WVWPD63B1.P...... A 0.75 90785 6

20 1990 Nissan Pathfinder F 1990 LNS3.0T5FCF2 FI6-3 JN8HD17Y0.W...... . 0.00 131594 6

21 1991 Jeep Wrangler F 1991 MCR2.5T5FEL3 MT-2.5M-1P 2J4FY19P0.J...... M 0.50 186399 6

25 2000 Audi A6 F 2000 YADXV02.8334 YADXR0140233 WAUEH24B0.N...... A 0.75 170206 6

27 1992 Jeep Wrangler F 1992 NCR2.5T5FEL4 NT-2.5J-1S or NT-2.5M-1P 2J4FY19P8.J...... M 0.25 123991 6

28 1989 Dodge Raider F 1991 MMT3.0T5FB16 1 JB7FJ43S9.J...... M 0.25 270017 6

34 1995 Ford Ranger F 1995 SFM2.318GFEA 2.3L-SFM1045AYPOA 1FTCR10A6.P...... M 1.00 250342 6

39 1994 Jeep Grand Cherokee F 1994 RCR5.288GAEA RCR1058AYPOA 1J4GZ58Y6.C...... A 0.25 180985 6

42 1987 Dodge Power Ram C 1987 HCR5.2T2HEM8 HCRTX; HCRTY 1B7HW14TX.S...... M . 22091 5

44 1989 Chevrolet Caprice C 1989 KIG5.7V5NEA4 KB0-1P 1G1BN51E1.R...... A 0.50 23960 5

45 1997 Ford F150 F 1997 VFM5.458GFEK VFM1160AYMFD 1FTEX18LX.K...... A 1.00 81284 6

46 1990 Ford Taurus F 1990 LFM3.0V5FXG5 F0AE-9C485UKB 3.0L-9HM 1FACP52U3.A...... A 0.25 61972 5

48 1994 Chevrolet Camaro F 1994 R1G3.4V8GAEA R1G1058AYMOA 2G1FP22S4.2...... M 0.25 127080 6

49 1994 Mazda 929 F 1994 RTK3.0VJGFEA RTK1078BYM03 JM1HD4619.0...... A 0.25 172864 6

53 1997 Pontiac Grand Am F 1997 VGM2.4VJGKEK VGM1095AYMEA 1G2NE52T3.M...... A 0.00 151915 6

57 1996 Ford Explorer XLT F 1996 TFM4.028GKFK 4.0L-TFM1120AYMED 1FMDU32X1.U...... M 0.25 146781 6

62 2003 Toyota Tundra F 2003 3TYXTG4.7HBY 3TYXR0190A30 5TBBT4417.S...... A 1.00 91529 6

64 1976 Oldsmobile Omega C . . . . A 1.00 27334 5

68 2001 Jeep Wrangler F 2001 1CRXT04.0200 1CRXE0101GCS 1J4FA49S4.P...... A 0.50 117117 6

69 2002 Land Rover Freelander F 2002 2LRXTO2.5001 2LRXR0124002 SALNY2221.A...... A 0.75 51650 6

75.096 1986 Toyota MR2 F 1986 GTY1.6V5FBB9 EV-E JT2AW15C1.0...... M 0.25 164392 6

77 1987 Saab 900 Turbo F 1987 HSA2.0V5FTBX None Listed YS3AT35L6.2...... M 0.75 167729 6

79 1988 Chevrolet 1500 Pickup C 1988 J3G5.7T5TYA2 JFO-3C 1GCDK14K6.E...... A 0.25 108501 6

82 1993 Cadillac El Dorado F 1993 P1G4.6V8X8B9 PCO-1A 1G6EL12Y3.U...... A 0.75 113203 6

85 1996 Dodge Ram 1500 F 1996 TCR36OH8G1EK TCR1073AYPOB 1B7HF16Z0.S...... A 0.75 215632 6

91 1977 Chevrolet Blazer C . . . . A 0.75 48390 5

92 1997 Ford F150 F 1997 VFM1160AYMFD VFM5.458GFEK 1FTEX18L0.K...... A 0.75 97618 6

93 2003 Dodge Durango F 2003 3CRXT04.75BO 3CRXE0101GDH 1D4HS48NX.F...... A 0.75 136907 6

95 1998 Nissan Quest F 1998 WNSXT03.0A4A WNSXE0057MAA 4N2ZN111X.D...... A 0.50 203363 6

100 1984 Chevrolet Suburban C 1984 EGM05.7ABB8 . 1G8GK26M0.F...... A 0.25 9014 5

103.122 1988 Toyota Camry F 1988 JTY2.0V5FBB8 EV-E JT2SV22E6.3...... A 0.50 192553 6

108 1995 Cadillac SLS F 1995 S1G4.6VJGFEA S1G1089AYPOA 1G6KS52YO.U...... A 0.50 117743 6

109 1995 Toyota Avalon F 1995 STY3.0VJGFEK 200201MZ-FE 4T1GB10EX.U...... A 1.00 216382 6

110 2005 Toyota Avalon F 2005 5TYXV03.5PEA 5TYXR0130A11 4T1BK36BX.U...... . 0.50 33990 6

112 1986 Ford LTD F 1986 GFM3.8V5HHF9 E6AE9C485AER 1FABP3930.G...... A 0.25 22403 5
Table F-1. Descriptions of Participating Vehicles (Continued)

F-3

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model Fuel

Metering

Type

(C;F)

VECI

Year

VECI

Engine

Family

VECI

Evap

Family

VIN Stem

(digits 1 to 9 and 11)

Trans

Type

(M;A)

Fuel

Gauge

(1.00

0.75

0.50

0.25

0.00)

Odometer Odometer

Resolution

(5; 6)

120 1989 Chevrolet Camaro F 1991 M1G5.7VANTA8 MBO-1A 1G1FP2189.L...... A 0.25 62617 5

121 1994 Isuzu Amigo F 1994 RSZ2.678GAFA RSZ1046BYM00 JACCG07E2.9...... M 1.00 151681 6

127 1993 Jeep Cherokee F 1993 PCR4.0T5FGA5 PTATR OR PTASS 1J4FJ28S7.L...... A 0.50 119955 6

130 1995 Ford Explorer F 1995 SFM4.028GFEA 4.0L-SFM1120AYMOB 1FMDU34X4.Z...... M 0.75 161106 6

131 1997 Subaru Outback F 1997 VFJ2.5VJGKEK VFJ1030BYMA3 4S3BG6853.6...... M 0.75 106677 6

134 2003 Chevrolet Impala F 2003 3GMXV03.8044 3GMXR0124919 2G1WH52K4.9...... A 0.00 61112 5

135 2001 Chrysler Sebring F 2001 1DSXV03.0GNG 1DSXR0165A1F 4C3AG52H4.E...... M 0.75 72977 6

138 2002 Suzuki Vitara F 2002 2SKXT1.59LC1 2SKXE0089S56 2S3TD52V4.6...... M 1.00 89695 6

139 2002 Pontiac Sunfire F . sticker damaged . 1G2JB1246.7...... A 0.50 50442 6

156 1999 Ford Explorer F 1999 4.0L.XFMXE0120BAE XFMXT04.02GF 1FMDU34E4.Z...... A 0.50 141863 6

157 1982 Ford F150 Explorer C 1982 CFM5.0T2AAF4 2DP 1FTDF15F8.P...... A 0.00 80147 5

158 2005 Chevrolet Cobalt F 2005 5GMXV02.2026 5GMXR0124919 1G1AK52F5.7...... A 0.50 50434 6

159 1990 Mazda MX-6 F 1990 LTK2.2V5FFG3 J 1YVGD31B8.5...... M 0.00 190264 6

161 2001 Saturn SC-1 F 2001 1GMXV01.9002 1GMXR0080902 1G8ZN1282.Z...... M 0.50 94138 6

162.332 1995 Jeep Wrangler F 1995 SCR2.578GAEA SCR1058AYMON and SCR1058AYPON 1J4FY19P8.P...... M 0.75 110145 6

163 2002 Volvo S60 F 2002 B15244T 2VVXR0133AAA YV1RH58D0.2...... A 1.00 58198 6

168 1994 Saturn SL2 F 1994 R4G1.9VHGBEA R4G1035AGPOC 1G8ZK5576.Z...... A 0.00 126153 6

177 2004 Dodge Ram 1500 F 2004 4CRXT05.75J0 4CRXR0218GDH 1D7HU18D6.S...... M 1.00 51576 6

178 1969 VW CP - Dunebuggy C . . . . M . 71185 5

184 1998 VW Jetta F . . . 3VWTD81H8.M...... M 0.00 53494 6

185 2002 Toyota Echo F 2002 2TYXV01.5FFA 2TYXR0075AK1 JTDBT1239.5...... A 0.50 68028 6

186 1995 Ford F150 F 1995 SFM1045AYMOA SFM5.888GBJA 1FTEX14HX.K...... A 0.50 147811 6

188 2005 Lexus GX-470 F 2005 5TYXT04.7PKX 5TYXR0190P30 JTJBT20X7.0...... A 0.75 35753 .

189 1993 GMC Safari . 1993 P3G4.3T5TAA6 PFO-3A 1GDDM19Z2.B...... A 0.75 212226 6

190 2001 Ford Expedition F 2001 1FMXT05.4RF8 1FMXE0155BBG 1FMPU18L5.L...... A 0.50 164049 6

192 1991 Infiniti Q45 F 1991 MNS4.5V5FAA9 F18-1 JNKNG01C7.M...... A 0.50 202128 6

193 2003 Ford Focus F 2003 3FMXV02.0VH1 3FMXR0080BBE 1FAFP33P8.W...... M 0.50 94337 .

194 1994 Geo Prizm F 1994 RNT1.6VHGAFA RNT1047DYM00 1Y1SK5361.Z...... M 1.00 162187 6

197 2000 Honda Accord F 2000 YHNXV03.0FA3 YHNXR0130AAA 1HGCG2253.A...... A 0.00 115971 6

203.205 1991 Jeep Wrangler F 1991 MCR4.0T5FED1 MT-4.0M-1P 2J4FY29S7.J...... M 0.25 108432 6

212 1977 Ford Econoline C 1977 . . . A 0.25 9900 5

213 1979 Dodge D-150 C 1979 9TD-360-2CP 9K-7 . A 0.25 91164 5

214 2000 Chevrolet S-10 F 2000 YGMXT04.3182 YGMXE0095904 1GCCT19W9.8...... A 1.00 76888 .

217 1994 Ford Ranger F 1994 RFM4.077GAEA RFM1045AYPOA 1FTCR10X7.P...... M 1.00 70206 6

218 1990 VW Cabriolet F 1990 LVW1.8V5FWD7 LWC2 WVWCB5158.K...... M 0.25 159869 6

219 1991 Lexus LS400 F 1991 MTY4.0V5FBB5 EV-SE JT8UF11E3.0...... A 0.00 96587 6

220 1994 Toyota Tacoma F 1994 RTY3.087GAFA RTY1047DYM00 JT4VN13D0.5...... M 1.00 78987 6

221 1994 Ford Bronco F 1994 RFM5.888GBJA RFM1045AYMOA 1FMEU15H2.L...... A 0.50 163745 6

232 1992 Ford Explorer F 1992 NFM4.0T5FYH8 F2AE-9C485-HHA 1FMDU34X0.U...... A 0.25 45600 5

238 1993 Jeep Wrangler F 1993 PCR4.0T5FGA5 PTAPR OR PTASS 1J4FY29S7.P...... M 0.50 48277 6

246 2003 Chevrolet Suburban F 2003 3GMXT05.3175 3GMXE0133916 3GNFK16Z7.G...... A 0.50 126891 6
Table F-1. Descriptions of Participating Vehicles (Continued)

F-4

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model Fuel

Metering

Type

(C;F)

VECI

Year

VECI

Engine

Family

VECI

Evap

Family

VIN Stem

(digits 1 to 9 and 11)

Trans

Type

(M;A)

Fuel

Gauge

(1.00

0.75

0.50

0.25

0.00)

Odometer Odometer

Resolution

(5; 6)

249 1997 BMW 328i F 1997 VBM2.8VJGKEK VBM1156AYPEO WBABK832X.E...... A 0.75 115006 6

252 2002 Toyota Tacoma F 2002 2TYXT03.4FFP 2TYXR0135AKO 5TEHN72N3.Z...... A 0.50 100762 6

255 2004 Lexus RX330 F 2004 4TYXT03.3PEM 4TYXR0165P21 JTJHA31U4.0...... A 0.75 51333 6

261 1994 GMC Suburban F 1994 R3G5.785GAEB R3G1085AYMOA 1GKFK16K5.J...... A 0.50 163611 6

262 1984 Nissan 720 C 1984 ENS2.4T2AAFO 4CAB-3 JN6ND06Y1.W...... M 0.25 116994 6

263 1997 Honda Accord F 1997 VHN2.2VJGKFK VHN1090AYMEA 1HGCD7130.A...... M 0.00 91510 6

266 2002 Chevrolet Tahoe F 2002 2GMXT05.3188 2GMXE0133915 1GNEK13Z7.J...... A 1.00 145201 6

271 1997 GMC Sierra F 1997 VGM5.75PGFEK VGM1098AYMBA 2GTEK19R6.1...... A 0.25 132808 6

278 2002 Dodge Dakota F 2002 2CRXT04.72D1 2CRXE0101GCS 1B7GG42N6.S...... A 0.50 153682 6

285 1998 Honda CRV F 1998 WHNXT02.0UF1 WHNXE0080AAB JHLRD186X.C...... A 0.50 166819 6

290 2005 Acura TSX F 2005 5HNXV02.4KBP 5HNXR0140BBA JH4CL9684.C...... A 0.50 70166 6

294 1985 Ford F150 C 1985 FFM5.8T2HGG1 5FAE-9C4G5 1FTDF15F9.P...... A 0.50 93586 5

295 1999 Mazda 626 F 1999 XTKXV02.0VBA XTKXR0125BFA 1YVGF22C7.5...... A 0.75 108547 6

301 1981 GMC Sierra K1500 C 1981 18L4HANA 1D4D-8 1GTEK14H2.J...... A 0.25 81898 5

302 1989 Dodge Pickup F 1989 KCR3.9T5HFM9 KCRTD 1B7GG26X5.S...... M 0.50 184015 6

305 1997 Dodge Ram 1500 F 1997 VCR5.968GFEK VCR1073AYPBB 3B7HF13Z3.G...... A 1.00 147531 6

306 1967 Chevrolet Chevelle C . . . . A 0.50 44500 5

309 2001 Nissan Sentra F 2001 1NSXV01.8D1A 1NSXR0085RCA 3N1CB51D9.L...... A 1.00 101164 6

311 2002 VW Passat F 2002 2ADXV02.8334 2ADXR0140233 WVWTH63B0.P...... A 0.25 64049 .

316 2003 Hyundai Accent F 2003 3HYXV01.6BLS 3HYXR0105PEA KMHCF35C0.U...... M 0.50 104439 6

320 2004 Chevrolet Cavalier F 2004 4GMXV02.2025 4GMXR0124919 1G1JF52F2.7...... A 0.50 62915 .

321 1997 Chevrolet S-10 F 1997 VGM2.218G1EK VGM1095AYMEA 1GCCS1440.K...... . 0.25 130259 6

325 2000 Chevrolet Prizm F 2000 YNTXV01.8FFA YNTXR0115AK1 1Y1SK5481.Z...... M 0.50 122120 6

327 1981 BMW 320i F 1981 . . WBAAG3304.8...... M 0.00 342673 6

329 1969 Jeep Commando C . . . . M 0.75 88099 5

331 1994 Chevrolet Blazer F 1994 R3G4.329GFEA R3G1058AYMON 1GNDT13W8.2...... A 0.00 195091 6

337 2001 Nissan Xterra F 2001 1NSXT03.3C5A 1NSXR0120RCA 5N1ED28Y7.C...... M 0.00 100174 6

339 1994 Toyota 4Runner F 1994 RTY3.087GAFA RTY1047DYM00 JT3VN39W1.0...... M 0.00 213353 6

343 1991 VW Golf F 1991 MVW1.8V5FWB6 VAP 3VWFA21G6.M...... M 0.25 251793 6

348.432 1990 Dodge Ram Charger C . . . 3B4GM07Y3.M...... A 0.25 217996 6

350 2005 Subaru Outback F 2005 5FJXX02.5MJS 5FJXR01253CJ 4S4BP61C2.7...... A 1.00 40203 6

352 2001 Chevrolet Astro F 2001 1GMXT04.3181 1GMXE0212924 1GNEL19W8.B...... A 0.75 108973 6

354 1989 Jeep Cherokee F 1989 KAM242T5LND8 KT-242H-1S 1J4FJ58LX.L...... A 1.00 171562 6

355 1993 Toyota Corolla F 1993 PTY1.8V5FFD9 EV-E 1NXAE09E8.Z...... M 0.25 164799 6

357 1997 Nissan Pathfinder F 1997 VNS3.328G2EK VNS1110AYMEA JN8AR05Y5.W...... A 1.00 166353 6

361 1995 VW Golf F 1995 SVW2.0V8GFEA SVW1045BYPOV 3VWFC81H6.M...... A 1.00 90050 .

362 2001 Audi TT Quatro F 2001 1ADXV01.8336 1ADXR0130242 TRUUT28N3.1...... M 0.50 75014 .

364 1995 Buick Roadmaster F 1995 S1G5.7V8GAEA S1G1058AYPOF 1G4BN52P9.R...... A 1.00 58162 6

365 2002 Ford Mustang F 2002 2FMXV03.8VFB 2FMXR0105BAE 1FAFP4041.F...... A 0.00 95551 6

367 1993 Chevrolet Van 20 / G20 F 1993 P3G5.7T5TYA8 PF0-3C 1GBEG25K5.F...... A 0.75 193004 6

370 2003 Land Rover Discovery F 2003 3LRXT04.6001 3LRXE0124001 SALTL1644.A...... A 0.50 97938 .
Table F-1. Descriptions of Participating Vehicles (Continued)

F-5

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model Fuel

Metering

Type

(C;F)

VECI

Year

VECI

Engine

Family

VECI

Evap

Family

VIN Stem

(digits 1 to 9 and 11)

Trans

Type

(M;A)

Fuel

Gauge

(1.00

0.75

0.50

0.25

0.00)

Odometer Odometer

Resolution

(5; 6)

371 1996 Toyota Corolla F 1996 TTY1.8VJGFFK TTY1047DYMAO 1NXBA02E3.Z...... A 1.00 115405 6

375 2005 Ford Focus F 2005 5FMXV02.31D4 5FMXR0120GAK 3FAFP37N7.R...... A 0.25 74792 6

379 1993 Subaru Legacy F . . . 4S3BC6331.9...... A 0.00 146307 6

381 1998 Jeep Cherokee F 1998 WCRXT0242220 WCRXE0101G2S 1J4GZ48S4.C...... A 0.25 119882 6

383 1994 Chevrolet S-10 C 1994 R3G4.375GAEA R3G1108WYMOC 1GCCT14Z2.8...... M 0.50 155277 6

385 2001 Dodge Dakota F 2001 1CRXT04.72D2 1CRXE0101GCH 1B7GG2AN6.S...... A 0.75 114101 6

387 2000 Jeep Grand Cherokee F . . . 1J4GW48N8.C...... A 0.50 113318 6

391 1999 Isuzu Rodeo F 1999 XSZXT03.52EK XSZXT0095ME0 4S2CM58W5.4...... A 1.00 146398 6

392 1999 Honda Accord F 1999 XHNXV03.0FF1 XHNXR0130AAA 1HGCG1652.A...... A 0.25 102999 6

393 2001 Toyota Solara F . . . 2T1CF22P1.C...... A 0.25 85136 .

395 1997 Chevrolet S-10 F 1997 VGM4.31PGKEK VGM1095AYMEA 1GCCS19X7.8...... A 0.50 135474 6

396 2000 Mercury Mystique F 2000 YFMXV02.5VBC YFMXR0115BBE 1MEFM66L0.K...... A 1.00 107568 6

397 2005 Ford Freestyle F 2005 5FMXV03.02EC 5FMXR0185GBK 1FMZK0215.G...... A 0.75 58994 6

401 1995 Lexus SC 300 F 1995 STY3.0VJGAFA STY1080DYM00 JT8JZ31C9.0...... A 0.50 97225 6

402 2004 Hyundai Elantra F 2004 4HYXV02.0XW4 4HYXR0148PDX KMHDN46D3.U...... M 0.00 97587 6

404 1998 Isuzu Rodeo F 1998 WSZXT03.52EK WSZXT0095ME0 4S2CM58W9.4...... A 0.25 133367 6

405 1996 Chevrolet Cavalier F 1996 TGM2.2V8GKEK TGM1089AYMEA 1G1JC5241.7...... A 0.75 137833 6

416 1999 Mazda Protege F 1999 XTKXV01.6VBA XTKXR0125BFB JM1BJ2224.0...... A 0.25 117953 6

420 1996 Jeep Grand Cherokee F 1996 TCR4.028GKEK TCR1073AYPBP 1J4GZ58S5.C...... A 0.75 162205 6

424 1970 VW Beetle C 1970 . . . M . 3141 5

425 1998 Mitsubishi Eclipse F 1998 . . 4A3AK44Y7.E...... M 0.25 108341 6

427 1984 Toyota Land Cruiser C 1984 ETY4.2T2AFF4 EV-F JT3FJ60GX.0...... M 0.00 167153 6

428 1975 Chevrolet C-10 C 1975 350 cid; 2bbl . . A 0.75 63242 5

430 2002 Jeep Wrangler . 2002 2CRXT04.02D2 2CRXE0101GCS 1J4FA39S5.P...... M 0.25 56704 .

431 1993 Mitsubishi 3000 GT F 1993 PMT3.0V5FF26 1F JA3BM64J3.Y...... M 0.25 115444 6

437 1991 Chevrolet S-10 C 1991 M3G4.3T5XEB2 MBO-3E 1GCCT19Z2.2...... A 0.50 205451 6

438 1975 Chevrolet C-10 C 1975 GM113 350 cid . . A 0.00 42455 5

439 1998 Pontiac Grand Prix F 1998 WGMXV03.1041 WGMXR0133918 1G2WJ52M7.F...... A 0.75 151899 6

454 1988 BMW M6 F 1988 JBM3.5V5FMS4 EV50 WBAEE1411.2...... M 0.75 23065 6

460 2003 Dodge Durango F 2003 3CRXTO5.95B2 3CRXE0101GDH 1D8HS78Z3.F...... A 0.50 83160 6

466 2003 Acura RSX F 2003 3HNXV02.0XKC 3HNXR0099AAA JH4DC548X.C...... A 0.50 29398 6

468 2004 Subaru Outback F 2004 4FJXV02.5NKR 4FJXR01254CE 4S3BH6750.6...... M 0.00 71196 6

469 2000 Nissan Pathfinder F 2000 YNSXT03.325A YNSXE0110MBA JN8AR07Y2.W...... A 0.50 101775 6

475 2000 Chevrolet Astro F 2000 YGMXT04.3183 YGMXE0111911 1GNEL19W1.B...... A 0.00 131985 6

481 2003 Nissan Frontier F 2003 3NSXT03.3C6A 3NSXR0120MAA 1N6MD29Y1.C...... A 0.00 57875 .

482 1992 Nissan Stanza F 1992 NNS2.4V5FAAX F14-2 JN1FU21P9.T...... A 1.00 127769 6

486 1993 Jeep Cherokee F 1993 PCR4.0T5FGA5 PTAPR 1J4GZ58S9.C...... A 0.25 106403 6

489 1991 Ford Bronco F 1991 . . 1FMEU15H2.L...... M 0.50 49350 5

494 1995 Mazda MX-6 F 1995 STK2.0VJ6FEA STK1065BYP02 1YVGE31C1.5...... M 0.50 204521 6

497 1994 Buick Century F 1994 R1G3.4V8GAEA R1G1058AYM0A 1G4AG55M6.6...... A 0.25 107759 6

498 1998 Honda Accord F 1998 WHNXV02.3PA3 WHNXR0130AAA 1HGCG5555.A...... M 0.50 197136 6
Table F-1. Descriptions of Participating Vehicles (Continued)

F-6

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model Fuel

Metering

Type

(C;F)

VECI

Year

VECI

Engine

Family

VECI

Evap

Family

VIN Stem

(digits 1 to 9 and 11)

Trans

Type

(M;A)

Fuel

Gauge

(1.00

0.75

0.50

0.25

0.00)

Odometer Odometer

Resolution

(5; 6)

504 1992 Ford F150 F 1992 NFM5.8T5HZC1 F2AE-9C485 1FTEX14N8.K...... . 1.00 189852 6

507 2001 Toyota Sequoia F 2001 1TYXT04.7JBW 1TYXE0190AF0 5TDBT44A3.S...... A 0.25 129155 6

512 2005 Hyundai Santa Fe F 2005 5HYXT03.5MM5 5HYXR0175PES KM8SC73EX.U...... . 0.25 93921 6

517 1999 Chevrolet Lumina F 1999 XGMXV03.4041 XGMXE0095904 2G1WL52M8.9...... A 1.00 110145 6

521 1994 Nissan Sentra . 1994 RNS1.6VJGFEA RNS1030BYM0A JN1EB31P2.U...... . 0.50 125478 6

527 1995 Eagle Talon F 1995 SDS2.0VJGFEA SDS1062AYM0H 4E3AK44Y7.E...... A 0.25 143162 6

540 1998 Honda Accord F . . . 1HGCG5643.A...... A 1.00 146347 6

542 1986 Subaru GL10 F 1986 GFJ1.8V5HCNX MU JF2AN55B4.D...... M 1.00 157417 6

546 1996 Geo Prizm F 1996 TNT1.8VJGFFK TNT1047DYMAO 1Y1SK5264.Z...... A 1.00 103065 6

547 1975 Ford Ranger F250 C 1975 . . . M 1.00 6780 5

550 1992 Ford Taurus F 1992 NFM3.8V5FJF9 . 1FALP5347.A...... A 1.00 70615 5

559 1989 Oldsmobile Regency F 1989 K2G3.8V8XEBI KBO-2D 1G3CW54C6.1...... A 0.75 348697 6

563 1998 Ford Taurus F 1998 WFMXV03.0NAA WFMXE0115BAE 1FAFP53S2.A...... A 0.75 48551 6

568 1997 Saturn SL1 F 1997 VGM1.9VJGKEK VGM1035AYPAA 1G8ZK5275.Z...... A 0.00 104441 6
F-7

Table F-2. Selection RSMs and Measurement RSMs for Participating Vehicles

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model Remote Sensing Measurement (RSM)

Type

(Selection;

Measurement)

Location DateTime Timing

(RSM is 

Before Repair 

or 

After Repair)

Speed (mph)VSP (kW/Mg)Temperature (F)VDFEI23EI23 BinHC Method A (ppmC3)HC Method B (ppmC3)CO Method A (%)

NO Method A (ppm)CO2 Method A (%)

7 1998 Ford Explorer Selection IMStationDriveway 29JUN09:09:29:15 Before 11 7 77 63 55 1 20 10 0.16 34 14.94

7 1998 Ford Explorer Measurement Caryl&470 29JUN09:10:47:22 Before 36 19 89 391 252 4 27 -202 0.05 121 15.01

7 1998 Ford Explorer Measurement Caryl&470 29JUN09:10:53:34 Before 38 21 89 408 247 4 38 -247 0.03 212 15.02

7 1998 Ford Explorer Measurement Caryl&470 29JUN09:10:59:55 Before 37 19 89 426 214 4 139 -108 0.03 191 15.02

7 1998 Ford Explorer Measurement Kipling&470 29JUN09:11:13:18 Before 51 18 87 836 279 5 139 81 0.04 113 15.02

7 1998 Ford Explorer Measurement Caryl&470 29JUN09:11:21:07 Before 38 19 90 490 354 5 129 -115 0.07 2 15.00

7 1998 Ford Explorer Measurement Kipling&470 29JUN09:11:25:47 Before 52 -5 87 870 125 3 28 -184 0.15 165 14.94

7 1998 Ford Explorer Measurement IMStationDriveway 29JUN09:11:42:38 Before 10 5 89 180 125 3 24 6 0.02 127 15.03

7 1998 Ford Explorer Measurement IMStationDriveway 29JUN09:11:45:02 Before 10 6 89 183 80 2 2 9 0.01 297 15.04

9 1992 Saturn SL Selection IMStationDriveway 29JUN09:09:52:47 Before 14 5 81 86 3828 7 . 18755 . . .

9 1992 Saturn SL Measurement Kipling&470 29JUN09:13:22:42 Before 52 17 90 57 420 5 2877 2866 0.13 2001 14.80

9 1992 Saturn SL Measurement Caryl&470 29JUN09:13:24:54 Before 38 18 90 887 637 5 3455 3098 0.19 462 14.79

9 1992 Saturn SL Measurement Kipling&470 29JUN09:13:29:48 Before 51 20 90 78 313 4 . 4293 . . .

9 1992 Saturn SL Measurement Caryl&470 29JUN09:13:31:05 Before 36 19 90 910 496 5 2533 2477 0.09 174 14.90

9 1992 Saturn SL Measurement IMStationDriveway 29JUN09:13:43:42 Before 10 7 94 278 14595 2 9868 -7130 0.55 1051 14.32

9 1992 Saturn SL Measurement IMStationDriveway 29JUN09:13:45:36 Before 10 4 94 280 1098 6 4832 5350 0.68 521 14.41

9 1992 Saturn SL Measurement IMStationDriveway 07JUL09:09:18:33 After 11 8 76 35 312 5 . -173 . . .

9 1992 Saturn SL Measurement IMStationDriveway 07JUL09:09:20:45 After 12 12 76 37 242 4 445 40 0.38 326 14.76

17 1993 Mercury Grand Marquis Selection IMStationDriveway 29JUN09:13:08:21 Before 12 6 93 242 1589 7 5501 1565 3.97 584 12.02

17 1993 Mercury Grand Marquis Measurement Kipling&470 29JUN09:15:00:21 Before 54 16 91 271 224 4 475 188 0.65 284 14.56

17 1993 Mercury Grand Marquis Measurement Caryl&470 29JUN09:15:03:12 Before 38 17 93 1190 272 4 638 520 0.06 603 14.97

17 1993 Mercury Grand Marquis Measurement Caryl&470 29JUN09:15:13:21 Before 40 22 88 1216 295 4 1490 1007 0.05 919 14.94

17 1993 Mercury Grand Marquis Measurement Kipling&470 29JUN09:15:19:17 Before 51 19 91 336 205 4 955 317 0.40 263 14.73

17 1993 Mercury Grand Marquis Measurement Caryl&470 29JUN09:15:21:18 Before 38 18 89 1244 340 5 1568 1069 0.12 729 14.89

17 1993 Mercury Grand Marquis Measurement IMStationDriveway 29JUN09:15:37:29 Before 10 3 96 361 5071 7 10304 3749 2.31 686 13.06

17 1993 Mercury Grand Marquis Measurement IMStationDriveway 29JUN09:15:39:17 Before 9 7 96 363 2227 7 7710 5520 2.69 1106 12.85

17 1993 Mercury Grand Marquis Measurement IMStationDriveway 06JUL09:09:36:41 After 11 5 78 66 56 1 949 760 3.41 526 12.56

17 1993 Mercury Grand Marquis Measurement IMStationDriveway 06JUL09:09:38:00 After 14 14 78 69 45 1 1105 1023 2.08 1582 13.47

18 2003 VW Passat Selection IMStationDriveway 29JUN09:15:01:43 Before 12 14 97 330 4958 7 10939 8943 1.00 34 14.01

18 2003 VW Passat Measurement Caryl&470 29JUN09:16:55:27 Before 40 21 92 1534 368 5 344 170 -0.04 25 15.07

18 2003 VW Passat Measurement Kipling&470 29JUN09:17:01:09 Before 50 7 89 625 174 4 . 112 . . .

18 2003 VW Passat Measurement Caryl&470 29JUN09:17:03:29 Before 36 22 92 1554 298 5 314 110 -0.03 57 15.07

18 2003 VW Passat Measurement Kipling&470 29JUN09:17:09:15 Before 51 10 89 669 242 4 . -7 . . .
Table F-2. Selection RSMs and Measurement RSMs for Participating Vehicles (Continued)

F-8

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model Remote Sensing Measurement (RSM)

Type

(Selection;

Measurement)

Location DateTime Timing

(RSM is 

Before Repair 

or 

After Repair)

Speed (mph)VSP (kW/Mg)Temperature (F)VDFEI23EI23 BinHC Method A (ppmC3)HC Method B (ppmC3)CO Method A (%)

NO Method A (ppm)CO2 Method A (%)

18 2003 VW Passat Measurement IMStationDriveway 29JUN09:17:20:36 Before 10 5 95 434 84 2 37 31 0.04 31 15.02

18 2003 VW Passat Measurement IMStationDriveway 29JUN09:17:22:58 Before 12 8 95 437 74 2 83 16 0.05 0 15.01

20 1990 Nissan Pathfinder Selection IMStationDriveway 29JUN09:15:27:48 Before 10 8 97 353 97 3 26 -17 0.03 -27 15.03

20 1990 Nissan Pathfinder Measurement Caryl&470 30JUN09:09:22:19 Before 34 7 86 380 193 4 . -177 . . .

20 1990 Nissan Pathfinder Measurement Caryl&470 30JUN09:09:51:02 Before 35 24 88 476 236 4 101 37 1.22 45 14.17

20 1990 Nissan Pathfinder Measurement Caryl&470 30JUN09:10:09:59 Before 36 25 90 531 242 4 154 62 1.15 99 14.22

20 1990 Nissan Pathfinder Measurement Caryl&470 30JUN09:10:18:33 Before 51 42 88 553 165 4 168 307 1.82 724 13.72

20 1990 Nissan Pathfinder Measurement Caryl&470 30JUN09:10:24:46 Before 55 47 90 580 319 5 281 154 2.94 1420 12.89

20 1990 Nissan Pathfinder Measurement IMStationDriveway 30JUN09:10:38:36 Before 14 -1 88 103 80 2 26 -28 0.08 86 14.99

20 1990 Nissan Pathfinder Measurement IMStationDriveway 30JUN09:10:41:21 Before 13 0 88 107 64 2 39 -9 0.10 84 14.98

21 1991 Jeep Wrangler Selection IMStationDriveway 30JUN09:08:11:07 Before 8 5 69 10 377 5 1435 431 -0.04 335 15.03

21 1991 Jeep Wrangler Measurement Caryl&470 30JUN09:10:49:49 Before 34 16 86 661 322 5 149 8 0.21 930 14.86

21 1991 Jeep Wrangler Measurement Caryl&470 30JUN09:10:56:07 Before 38 18 85 681 200 4 167 113 0.30 860 14.80

21 1991 Jeep Wrangler Measurement Kipling&470 30JUN09:11:09:47 Before 53 25 92 211 167 4 311 254 2.42 1040 13.27

21 1991 Jeep Wrangler Measurement Kipling&470 30JUN09:11:16:04 Before 53 29 92 234 179 4 424 259 1.58 1652 13.85

21 1991 Jeep Wrangler Measurement IMStationDriveway 30JUN09:11:30:18 Before 10 5 92 144 110 3 545 240 0.11 271 14.95

21 1991 Jeep Wrangler Measurement IMStationDriveway 30JUN09:11:32:09 Before 9 4 92 149 489 5 1875 990 0.06 1146 14.92

25 2000 Audi A6 Selection IMStationDriveway 30JUN09:11:46:34 Before 11 7 93 163 354 5 565 422 0.53 64 14.65

25 2000 Audi A6 Measurement Caryl&470 30JUN09:13:21:06 Before 39 20 93 1178 322 5 . -99 . . .

25 2000 Audi A6 Measurement Caryl&470 30JUN09:13:27:19 Before 39 22 92 1193 325 5 347 265 0.00 16 15.05

25 2000 Audi A6 Measurement Caryl&470 30JUN09:13:33:31 Before 57 30 92 1211 338 5 490 483 0.28 50 14.84

25 2000 Audi A6 Measurement Caryl&470 30JUN09:13:39:51 Before 52 39 92 1237 299 5 233 188 2.91 13 12.96

25 2000 Audi A6 Measurement IMStationDriveway 30JUN09:13:54:41 Before 12 6 100 235 112 3 374 78 0.03 23 15.02

25 2000 Audi A6 Measurement IMStationDriveway 30JUN09:13:57:10 Before 12 9 99 236 92 2 449 295 0.06 11 15.00

27 1992 Jeep Wrangler Selection IMStationDriveway 30JUN09:13:00:47 Before 10 11 96 213 1633 7 2273 -4867 0.48 1088 14.60

27 1992 Jeep Wrangler Measurement Caryl&470 30JUN09:15:09:21 Before 39 12 93 1506 229 4 178 -21 0.13 1034 14.92

27 1992 Jeep Wrangler Measurement Caryl&470 30JUN09:15:17:30 Before 38 19 92 1536 206 4 529 191 0.09 1265 14.93

27 1992 Jeep Wrangler Measurement Kipling&470 30JUN09:15:23:25 Before 53 16 92 380 310 5 2369 1317 3.20 1886 12.62

27 1992 Jeep Wrangler Measurement Kipling&470 30JUN09:15:31:05 Before 52 -4 92 420 222 4 . 2418 . . .

27 1992 Jeep Wrangler Measurement IMStationDriveway 30JUN09:15:42:12 Before 10 7 99 312 770 7 4442 -4988 0.55 415 14.51

27 1992 Jeep Wrangler Measurement IMStationDriveway 30JUN09:15:44:31 Before 14 11 99 315 561 6 1635 -1427 0.30 1327 14.74

27 1992 Jeep Wrangler Measurement IMStationDriveway 06JUL09:10:16:17 After 12 8 83 94 57 1 608 527 0.96 2362 14.26

27 1992 Jeep Wrangler Measurement IMStationDriveway 06JUL09:10:18:09 After 12 7 83 96 85 2 451 362 0.41 2335 14.66

28 1989 Dodge Raider Selection IMStationDriveway 30JUN09:14:00:00 Before 11 7 99 238 668 6 1086 804 0.75 167 14.48

28 1989 Dodge Raider Measurement Kipling&470 30JUN09:16:49:22 Before 49 -5 89 700 169 4 453 371 0.64 2659 14.48

28 1989 Dodge Raider Measurement Caryl&470 30JUN09:16:51:25 Before 36 17 94 1783 453 5 474 659 0.28 1597 14.78
Table F-2. Selection RSMs and Measurement RSMs for Participating Vehicles (Continued)

F-9

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model Remote Sensing Measurement (RSM)

Type

(Selection;

Measurement)

Location DateTime Timing

(RSM is 

Before Repair 

or 

After Repair)

Speed (mph)VSP (kW/Mg)Temperature (F)VDFEI23EI23 BinHC Method A (ppmC3)HC Method B (ppmC3)CO Method A (%)

NO Method A (ppm)CO2 Method A (%)

28 1989 Dodge Raider Measurement Caryl&470 30JUN09:16:59:29 Before 37 20 95 1823 254 4 248 115 0.41 1201 14.71

28 1989 Dodge Raider Measurement Kipling&470 30JUN09:17:05:45 Before 53 8 89 764 143 3 646 518 2.67 2076 13.05

28 1989 Dodge Raider Measurement IMStationDriveway 30JUN09:17:17:48 Before 10 6 93 375 251 4 760 255 0.31 231 14.80

28 1989 Dodge Raider Measurement IMStationDriveway 30JUN09:17:19:58 Before 9 3 93 376 272 5 609 -191 0.02 1094 14.98

28 1989 Dodge Raider Measurement IMStationDriveway 02JUL09:10:31:17 After 12 10 81 78 128 3 56 -1 0.09 1248 14.94

28 1989 Dodge Raider Measurement IMStationDriveway 02JUL09:10:34:08 After 10 11 81 80 113 3 232 171 0.72 501 14.51

34 1995 Ford Ranger Selection IMStationDriveway 01JUL09:11:13:20 Before 12 11 90 112 363 5 1423 922 0.11 144 14.92

34 1995 Ford Ranger Measurement Caryl&470 01JUL09:12:42:20 Before 33 11 97 989 215 4 1253 661 0.08 76 14.96

34 1995 Ford Ranger Measurement Caryl&470 01JUL09:12:49:39 Before 34 7 97 1017 553 6 725 400 0.10 88 14.96

34 1995 Ford Ranger Measurement Caryl&470 01JUL09:13:02:15 Before 51 35 92 1069 201 4 547 580 5.92 158 10.79

34 1995 Ford Ranger Measurement Caryl&470 01JUL09:13:08:27 Before 51 35 92 1085 299 5 469 329 1.66 402 13.84

34 1995 Ford Ranger Measurement IMStationDriveway 01JUL09:13:23:10 Before 13 13 100 169 200 4 551 461 0.59 43 14.61

34 1995 Ford Ranger Measurement IMStationDriveway 01JUL09:13:24:42 Before 11 10 100 171 346 5 649 576 0.04 36 15.01

34 1995 Ford Ranger Measurement IMStationDriveway 07JUL09:13:05:43 After 10 4 89 181 82 2 336 199 0.05 -1 15.01

34 1995 Ford Ranger Measurement IMStationDriveway 07JUL09:13:07:04 After 10 5 89 183 92 3 194 108 0.04 26 15.02

39 1994 Jeep

Grand 

Cherokee Selection IMStationDriveway 01JUL09:16:01:08 Before 11 8 89 243 112 3 55 -3 0.08 435 14.98

39 1994 Jeep

Grand 

Cherokee Measurement Kipling&470 02JUL09:09:15:17 Before 51 7 76 536 168 4 . 143 . . .

39 1994 Jeep

Grand 

Cherokee Measurement Caryl&470 02JUL09:09:17:18 Before 39 20 77 407 320 5 55 -39 0.16 585 14.92

39 1994 Jeep

Grand 

Cherokee Measurement Caryl&470 02JUL09:09:23:29 Before 38 20 77 433 225 4 96 -48 0.17 761 14.90

39 1994 Jeep

Grand 

Cherokee Measurement Kipling&470 02JUL09:09:28:24 Before 51 33 78 566 242 4 164 149 5.87 389 10.83

39 1994 Jeep

Grand 

Cherokee Measurement IMStationDriveway 02JUL09:09:39:31 Before 11 8 78 50 75 2 96 67 0.23 771 14.86

39 1994 Jeep

Grand 

Cherokee Measurement IMStationDriveway 02JUL09:09:41:48 Before 10 8 78 54 74 2 123 81 0.13 384 14.94

42 1987 Dodge Power Ram Selection IMStationDriveway 06JUL09:10:08:24 Before 13 11 82 91 177 4 793 734 7.92 347 9.34

42 1987 Dodge Power Ram Measurement Caryl&470 06JUL09:12:02:55 Before . . 83 640 451 5 2625 1257 9.51 445 8.14

42 1987 Dodge Power Ram Measurement Kipling&470 06JUL09:12:05:48 Before . . 86 1059 359 5 1042 1304 6.48 721 10.35

42 1987 Dodge Power Ram Measurement Caryl&470 06JUL09:12:09:10 Before 39 23 83 660 115 3 905 817 10.26 267 7.66

42 1987 Dodge Power Ram Measurement Kipling&470 06JUL09:12:11:58 Before 39 11 86 1072 485 5 532 349 4.28 732 11.94

42 1987 Dodge Power Ram Measurement Caryl&470 06JUL09:12:19:17 Before . . 83 696 521 5 1607 1114 9.47 554 8.20

42 1987 Dodge Power Ram Measurement IMStationDriveway 06JUL09:12:31:05 Before 13 8 92 203 325 5 996 939 10.86 186 7.23
Table F-2. Selection RSMs and Measurement RSMs for Participating Vehicles (Continued)

F-10

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model Remote Sensing Measurement (RSM)

Type

(Selection;

Measurement)

Location DateTime Timing

(RSM is 

Before Repair 

or 

After Repair)

Speed (mph)VSP (kW/Mg)Temperature (F)VDFEI23EI23 BinHC Method A (ppmC3)HC Method B (ppmC3)CO Method A (%)

NO Method A (ppm)CO2 Method A (%)

42 1987 Dodge Power Ram Measurement IMStationDriveway 06JUL09:12:35:37 Before 12 6 93 210 127 3 398 280 2.47 821 13.24

44 1989 Chevrolet Caprice Selection IMStationDriveway 06JUL09:12:09:27 Before 13 8 90 183 925 6 4444 3464 0.12 2021 14.76

44 1989 Chevrolet Caprice Measurement Caryl&470 06JUL09:15:33:11 Before 34 15 93 1303 161 3 1311 851 0.11 1992 14.86

44 1989 Chevrolet Caprice Measurement Kipling&470 06JUL09:15:36:54 Before 52 14 89 431 149 3 . 439 . . .

44 1989 Chevrolet Caprice Measurement Caryl&470 06JUL09:15:41:34 Before 34 16 90 1325 140 3 575 201 0.81 813 14.42

44 1989 Chevrolet Caprice Measurement Kipling&470 06JUL09:15:44:52 Before 51 13 89 459 326 5 1024 689 1.24 1186 14.09

44 1989 Chevrolet Caprice Measurement IMStationDriveway 06JUL09:15:52:49 Before 13 5 91 359 373 5 1540 1024 0.21 939 14.82

44 1989 Chevrolet Caprice Measurement IMStationDriveway 06JUL09:15:54:22 Before 13 4 91 363 268 4 2057 636 0.15 1190 14.84

45 1997 Ford F150 Selection IMStationDriveway 06JUL09:12:14:31 Before 15 19 90 190 52 1 -25 75 -0.03 2812 14.98

45 1997 Ford F150 Measurement Kipling&470 06JUL09:14:09:03 Before 54 26 90 187 213 4 278 203 0.29 745 14.81

45 1997 Ford F150 Measurement Caryl&470 06JUL09:14:12:52 Before 40 22 83 1070 104 3 -1 28 0.04 126 15.02

45 1997 Ford F150 Measurement Kipling&470 06JUL09:14:15:37 Before 55 10 90 202 207 4 128 -18 0.10 493 14.96

45 1997 Ford F150 Measurement Caryl&470 06JUL09:14:19:06 Before 39 21 83 1087 87 2 16 -101 0.04 704 15.00

45 1997 Ford F150 Measurement IMStationDriveway 06JUL09:14:31:04 Before 11 6 95 307 46 1 10 -124 0.05 107 15.02

45 1997 Ford F150 Measurement IMStationDriveway 06JUL09:14:32:32 Before 11 6 91 310 101 3 39 132 0.15 365 14.93

46 1990 Ford Taurus Selection IMStationDriveway 06JUL09:12:27:16 Before 9 6 92 200 58 2 16 44 0.16 20 14.94

46 1990 Ford Taurus Measurement Caryl&470 06JUL09:16:09:17 Before 36 11 89 1418 72 2 11 6 0.07 56 15.00

46 1990 Ford Taurus Measurement Kipling&470 06JUL09:16:12:51 Before 53 18 88 573 162 4 . 73 . . .

46 1990 Ford Taurus Measurement Caryl&470 06JUL09:16:17:04 Before 38 14 89 1439 68 2 -8 -13 0.03 140 15.03

46 1990 Ford Taurus Measurement Kipling&470 06JUL09:16:20:43 Before 53 7 88 590 170 4 . 91 . . .

46 1990 Ford Taurus Measurement IMStationDriveway 06JUL09:16:26:59 Before 12 3 87 386 404 5 825 992 0.09 8 14.96

46 1990 Ford Taurus Measurement IMStationDriveway 06JUL09:16:27:50 Before 12 3 87 388 320 5 636 520 0.06 -23 14.99

48 1994 Chevrolet Camaro Selection IMStationDriveway 06JUL09:13:04:52 Before 10 5 97 238 1067 7 196 -133 0.07 9 15.00

48 1994 Chevrolet Camaro Measurement Kipling&470 06JUL09:17:03:22 Before 41 13 87 756 185 4 78 12 0.47 1303 14.67

48 1994 Chevrolet Camaro Measurement Caryl&470 06JUL09:17:15:02 Before . . 81 1627 81 2 89 -50 0.45 327 14.72

48 1994 Chevrolet Camaro Measurement IMStationDriveway 06JUL09:17:23:03 Before 12 2 82 428 96 3 35 9 0.21 18 14.90

48 1994 Chevrolet Camaro Measurement IMStationDriveway 06JUL09:17:23:58 Before 12 2 82 430 347 5 513 -360 1.20 39 14.18

48 1994 Chevrolet Camaro Measurement IMStationDriveway 08JUL09:14:30:28 After 11 5 105 229 78 2 142 108 0.63 76 14.59

48 1994 Chevrolet Camaro Measurement IMStationDriveway 08JUL09:14:32:30 After 12 9 105 232 114 3 222 205 2.33 68 13.37

49 1994 Mazda 929 Selection IMStationDriveway 06JUL09:13:34:29 Before 12 5 100 259 1069 7 1188 725 0.37 1384 14.71

49 1994 Mazda 929 Measurement Kipling&470 07JUL09:10:57:55 Before 53 19 86 878 131 3 564 572 0.45 2451 14.62

49 1994 Mazda 929 Measurement Caryl&470 07JUL09:10:59:37 Before 37 11 89 758 330 5 773 575 0.60 1028 14.57

49 1994 Mazda 929 Measurement Kipling&470 07JUL09:11:04:27 Before 55 20 86 890 241 4 . 187 . . .

49 1994 Mazda 929 Measurement Caryl&470 07JUL09:11:07:04 Before 38 12 92 778 354 5 . 693 . . .

49 1994 Mazda 929 Measurement Kipling&470 07JUL09:11:11:49 Before 55 24 87 911 225 4 426 349 3.90 1281 12.20

49 1994 Mazda 929 Measurement Caryl&470 07JUL09:11:13:23 Before 37 17 92 801 334 5 1212 661 0.21 1157 14.83
Table F-2. Selection RSMs and Measurement RSMs for Participating Vehicles (Continued)

F-11

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model Remote Sensing Measurement (RSM)

Type

(Selection;

Measurement)

Location DateTime Timing

(RSM is 

Before Repair 

or 

After Repair)

Speed (mph)VSP (kW/Mg)Temperature (F)VDFEI23EI23 BinHC Method A (ppmC3)HC Method B (ppmC3)CO Method A (%)

NO Method A (ppm)CO2 Method A (%)

49 1994 Mazda 929 Measurement IMStationDriveway 07JUL09:11:21:34 Before 12 10 92 110 458 5 1059 650 0.61 1471 14.53

49 1994 Mazda 929 Measurement IMStationDriveway 07JUL09:11:22:31 Before 13 11 92 112 1448 7 1656 793 0.64 2256 14.46

53 1997 Pontiac Grand Am Selection IMStationDriveway 06JUL09:15:36:16 Before 14 20 93 350 438 5 1072 741 2.66 1166 13.07

53 1997 Pontiac Grand Am Measurement Kipling&470 07JUL09:09:01:06 Before 55 31 80 576 180 4 383 304 4.31 1855 11.88

53 1997 Pontiac Grand Am Measurement Caryl&470 07JUL09:09:03:16 Before 36 13 79 363 498 6 533 -552 0.55 127 14.64

53 1997 Pontiac Grand Am Measurement Kipling&470 07JUL09:09:08:08 Before 56 8 81 600 157 4 480 311 1.66 1732 13.79

53 1997 Pontiac Grand Am Measurement Caryl&470 07JUL09:09:10:49 Before 38 18 79 388 189 4 334 245 0.17 317 14.91

53 1997 Pontiac Grand Am Measurement IMStationDriveway 07JUL09:09:19:14 Before 13 6 76 36 127 3 131 72 0.09 404 14.97

53 1997 Pontiac Grand Am Measurement IMStationDriveway 07JUL09:09:21:08 Before 11 5 76 38 135 3 281 144 0.12 299 14.95

57 1996 Ford Explorer XLT Selection IMStationDriveway 07JUL09:09:13:10 Before 12 11 76 33 68 2 -8 -14 0.04 188 15.02

57 1996 Ford Explorer XLT Measurement Caryl&470 07JUL09:11:47:04 Before 36 22 90 918 311 5 165 -67 0.07 181 14.99

57 1996 Ford Explorer XLT Measurement Kipling&470 07JUL09:11:51:50 Before 50 0 88 1029 112 3 . -56 . . .

57 1996 Ford Explorer XLT Measurement Caryl&470 07JUL09:11:54:33 Before 33 14 86 940 308 5 27 -205 0.00 29 15.05

57 1996 Ford Explorer XLT Measurement Kipling&470 07JUL09:11:59:21 Before 53 27 88 1050 166 4 45 -100 0.72 71 14.54

57 1996 Ford Explorer XLT Measurement IMStationDriveway 07JUL09:12:06:38 Before 14 5 91 143 69 2 8 15 0.00 -7 15.05

57 1996 Ford Explorer XLT Measurement IMStationDriveway 07JUL09:12:07:49 Before 12 6 91 145 75 2 33 34 0.13 -6 14.96

62 2003 Toyota Tundra Selection IMStationDriveway 07JUL09:16:02:53 Before 10 7 94 266 35 1 -37 -46 0.02 144 15.03

62 2003 Toyota Tundra Measurement Caryl&470 07JUL09:16:59:07 Before 37 19 85 1830 153 4 67 -198 0.26 -8 14.86

62 2003 Toyota Tundra Measurement Kipling&470 07JUL09:17:04:49 Before 56 24 88 812 120 3 67 -3 0.08 123 14.99

62 2003 Toyota Tundra Measurement Caryl&470 07JUL09:17:07:11 Before 37 19 84 1861 343 5 181 -210 0.02 -47 15.03

62 2003 Toyota Tundra Measurement Kipling&470 07JUL09:17:12:52 Before 55 25 88 850 181 4 68 45 0.22 86 14.89

62 2003 Toyota Tundra Measurement IMStationDriveway 07JUL09:17:25:16 Before 12 7 87 302 54 1 -19 -5 0.12 590 14.95

62 2003 Toyota Tundra Measurement IMStationDriveway 07JUL09:17:26:55 Before 11 7 87 305 64 2 4 -29 -0.01 464 15.04

64 1976 Oldsmobile Omega Selection IMStationDriveway 08JUL09:11:02:59 Before 12 13 92 101 640 6 2145 -1320 5.98 40 10.70

64 1976 Oldsmobile Omega Measurement Caryl&470 08JUL09:12:55:52 Before 39 18 93 942 328 5 698 706 8.58 77 8.88

64 1976 Oldsmobile Omega Measurement Caryl&470 08JUL09:13:03:19 Before 38 16 93 958 242 4 1072 785 5.64 -22 10.98

64 1976 Oldsmobile Omega Measurement Kipling&470 08JUL09:13:16:51 Before 52 27 91 33 233 4 938 971 11.55 60 6.75

64 1976 Oldsmobile Omega Measurement Kipling&470 08JUL09:13:30:45 Before 52 12 92 75 196 4 1166 1167 7.93 155 9.33

64 1976 Oldsmobile Omega Measurement IMStationDriveway 08JUL09:13:38:33 Before 12 8 104 192 3835 7 2608 1467 0.16 71 14.86

64 1976 Oldsmobile Omega Measurement IMStationDriveway 08JUL09:13:39:37 Before 11 7 104 194 1209 7 3287 1249 0.15 456 14.83

68 2001 Jeep Wrangler Selection IMStationDriveway 09JUL09:09:23:27 Before 12 11 76 65 115 3 89 55 0.16 -48 14.94

68 2001 Jeep Wrangler Measurement Caryl&470 09JUL09:10:29:31 Before 35 19 74 620 288 5 289 -290 0.07 128 14.99

68 2001 Jeep Wrangler Measurement Kipling&470 09JUL09:10:34:14 Before 56 24 78 841 183 4 203 94 0.42 161 14.74

68 2001 Jeep Wrangler Measurement Caryl&470 09JUL09:10:35:50 Before 36 19 75 637 453 5 560 230 0.03 -37 15.02

68 2001 Jeep Wrangler Measurement Kipling&470 09JUL09:10:40:25 Before 55 24 78 857 265 4 186 63 0.31 125 14.82

68 2001 Jeep Wrangler Measurement IMStationDriveway 09JUL09:10:48:24 Before 10 9 78 105 94 3 106 128 0.10 -2 14.98
Table F-2. Selection RSMs and Measurement RSMs for Participating Vehicles (Continued)

F-12

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model Remote Sensing Measurement (RSM)

Type

(Selection;

Measurement)

Location DateTime Timing

(RSM is 

Before Repair 

or 

After Repair)

Speed (mph)VSP (kW/Mg)Temperature (F)VDFEI23EI23 BinHC Method A (ppmC3)HC Method B (ppmC3)CO Method A (%)

NO Method A (ppm)CO2 Method A (%)

68 2001 Jeep Wrangler Measurement IMStationDriveway 09JUL09:10:49:36 Before 11 10 78 108 91 3 45 -2 0.02 1 15.04

69 2002 Land Rover Freelander Selection IMStationDriveway 08JUL09:15:30:02 Before 13 8 103 264 57 1 19 25 0.28 56 14.85

69 2002 Land Rover Freelander Measurement Kipling&470 08JUL09:17:15:35 Before 52 17 90 780 252 4 205 103 1.76 867 13.75

69 2002 Land Rover Freelander Measurement Caryl&470 08JUL09:17:17:13 Before 35 17 96 1728 251 4 249 97 0.02 4 15.03

69 2002 Land Rover Freelander Measurement Kipling&470 08JUL09:17:22:49 Before 50 11 90 812 157 4 79 3 0.66 72 14.58

69 2002 Land Rover Freelander Measurement Caryl&470 08JUL09:17:25:11 Before 35 15 96 1757 172 4 215 220 0.04 -10 15.02

75.096 1986 Toyota MR2 Selection IMStationDriveway 09JUL09:13:33:45 Before 9 9 94 189 181 4 811 728 1.32 1564 14.03

75.096 1986 Toyota MR2 Measurement Caryl&470 09JUL09:15:15:01 Before 36 27 84 1525 294 4 1345 1225 1.98 2298 13.51

75.096 1986 Toyota MR2 Measurement Kipling&470 09JUL09:15:20:47 Before 51 24 86 571 139 3 1263 1111 2.53 1639 13.14

75.096 1986 Toyota MR2 Measurement Caryl&470 09JUL09:15:23:03 Before 37 26 81 1540 337 5 1034 943 1.66 1812 13.77

75.096 1986 Toyota MR2 Measurement Kipling&470 09JUL09:15:36:41 Before 51 34 86 625 154 3 1024 755 2.40 1712 13.24

75.096 1986 Toyota MR2 Measurement IMStationDriveway 09JUL09:15:44:33 Before 12 9 95 242 195 4 1004 906 3.87 835 12.22

75.096 1986 Toyota MR2 Measurement IMStationDriveway 09JUL09:15:46:34 Before 12 11 95 244 222 4 1003 943 3.08 1178 12.77

77 1987 Saab 900 Turbo Selection IMStationDriveway 09JUL09:15:28:26 Before 10 9 97 233 10087 7 9399 7434 0.49 1097 14.38

77 1987 Saab 900 Turbo Measurement Caryl&470 09JUL09:17:03:10 Before 34 17 79 1875 271 4 329 200 0.36 825 14.76

77 1987 Saab 900 Turbo Measurement Kipling&470 09JUL09:17:08:48 Before 49 10 84 993 325 5 212 79 0.09 1497 14.93

77 1987 Saab 900 Turbo Measurement Caryl&470 09JUL09:17:11:20 Before 36 16 79 1912 304 5 282 221 0.54 858 14.63

77 1987 Saab 900 Turbo Measurement Kipling&470 09JUL09:17:32:49 Before 51 -27 85 1115 138 3 223 115 0.04 763 14.99

77 1987 Saab 900 Turbo Measurement IMStationDriveway 09JUL09:17:39:56 Before 12 10 85 275 369 5 1450 995 0.21 1396 14.81

77 1987 Saab 900 Turbo Measurement IMStationDriveway 09JUL09:17:41:05 Before 11 10 85 277 595 6 1339 1361 0.19 1159 14.83

77 1987 Saab 900 Turbo Measurement IMStationDriveway 15JUL09:12:59:18 After 11 8 87 117 96 3 158 117 0.47 1392 14.66

77 1987 Saab 900 Turbo Measurement IMStationDriveway 15JUL09:13:00:11 After 11 7 87 118 111 3 126 67 0.27 1332 14.81

79 1988 Chevrolet 1500 Pickup Selection IMStationDriveway 10JUL09:11:32:02 Before 11 7 91 121 298 5 635 -21 0.53 727 14.63

79 1988 Chevrolet 1500 Pickup Measurement Kipling&470 10JUL09:13:14:51 Before 55 6 92 888 230 4 489 188 2.23 881 13.41

79 1988 Chevrolet 1500 Pickup Measurement Kipling&470 10JUL09:13:28:18 Before 55 0 92 943 1765 7 1147 679 6.61 705 10.26

79 1988 Chevrolet 1500 Pickup Measurement Caryl&470 10JUL09:13:30:51 Before 39 20 89 1253 330 5 679 186 0.42 985 14.70

79 1988 Chevrolet 1500 Pickup Measurement Kipling&470 10JUL09:13:43:12 Before 53 27 93 978 168 4 396 330 7.80 280 9.44

79 1988 Chevrolet 1500 Pickup Measurement Caryl&470 10JUL09:13:44:34 Before 39 17 92 1302 425 5 986 -73 0.47 1136 14.65

79 1988 Chevrolet 1500 Pickup Measurement IMStationDriveway 10JUL09:13:54:50 Before 12 8 100 192 1519 7 3871 -1673 0.61 927 14.47

79 1988 Chevrolet 1500 Pickup Measurement IMStationDriveway 10JUL09:13:56:22 Before 11 7 100 196 2673 7 3636 -1624 0.25 995 14.73

79 1988 Chevrolet 1500 Pickup Measurement IMStationDriveway 16JUL09:09:15:11 After 14 7 80 12 1758 7 3087 4911 1.34 1389 13.95

79 1988 Chevrolet 1500 Pickup Measurement IMStationDriveway 16JUL09:09:17:19 After 17 21 80 14 120 3 194 150 0.52 2095 14.60

82 1993 Cadillac El Dorado Selection IMStationDriveway 10JUL09:13:13:51 Before 17 28 97 175 55 1 276 263 4.89 56 11.54

82 1993 Cadillac El Dorado Measurement Kipling&470 10JUL09:15:03:42 Before 56 23 93 1221 171 4 260 284 6.41 71 10.45

82 1993 Cadillac El Dorado Measurement Caryl&470 10JUL09:15:04:58 Before 34 18 94 1563 287 5 271 178 0.08 262 14.98

82 1993 Cadillac El Dorado Measurement Kipling&470 10JUL09:15:11:28 Before 55 18 93 1253 227 4 385 233 5.16 -38 11.34
Table F-2. Selection RSMs and Measurement RSMs for Participating Vehicles (Continued)

F-13

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model Remote Sensing Measurement (RSM)

Type

(Selection;

Measurement)

Location DateTime Timing

(RSM is 

Before Repair 

or 

After Repair)

Speed (mph)VSP (kW/Mg)Temperature (F)VDFEI23EI23 BinHC Method A (ppmC3)HC Method B (ppmC3)CO Method A (%)

NO Method A (ppm)CO2 Method A (%)

82 1993 Cadillac El Dorado Measurement Caryl&470 10JUL09:15:13:03 Before 35 19 93 1588 333 5 350 -12 -0.02 537 15.04

82 1993 Cadillac El Dorado Measurement IMStationDriveway 10JUL09:15:23:05 Before 12 7 102 240 96 3 32 35 0.19 161 14.91

82 1993 Cadillac El Dorado Measurement IMStationDriveway 10JUL09:15:24:38 Before 11 6 102 243 98 3 79 36 0.42 29 14.75

85 1996 Dodge Ram 1500 Selection IMStationDriveway 10JUL09:14:43:13 Before 11 9 102 220 1521 7 1070 513 0.86 132 14.40

85 1996 Dodge Ram 1500 Measurement Caryl&470 16JUL09:12:08:15 Before 32 12 87 978 345 5 613 83 0.20 15 14.89

85 1996 Dodge Ram 1500 Measurement Kipling&470 16JUL09:12:10:16 Before 55 17 89 1055 185 4 198 362 4.25 800 11.97

85 1996 Dodge Ram 1500 Measurement Kipling&470 16JUL09:12:17:57 Before 57 27 89 1078 298 5 206 52 0.68 441 14.54

85 1996 Dodge Ram 1500 Measurement Caryl&470 16JUL09:12:21:53 Before 34 16 86 1043 375 5 666 583 -0.05 224 15.06

85 1996 Dodge Ram 1500 Measurement IMStationDriveway 16JUL09:12:28:03 Before 12 6 94 120 265 4 366 145 0.04 49 15.01

85 1996 Dodge Ram 1500 Measurement IMStationDriveway 16JUL09:12:29:29 Before 10 5 94 122 404 5 413 -51 0.12 326 14.94

91 1977 Chevrolet Blazer Selection IMStationDriveway 14JUL09:08:55:37 Before 16 16 73 34 408 5 857 844 12.25 183 6.24

91 1977 Chevrolet Blazer Measurement Kipling&470 15JUL09:10:38:25 Before 53 21 74 525 158 3 458 387 12.72 175 5.92

91 1977 Chevrolet Blazer Measurement Caryl&470 15JUL09:10:42:00 Before 39 12 68 686 183 4 457 452 3.18 1580 12.70

91 1977 Chevrolet Blazer Measurement Kipling&470 15JUL09:10:44:21 Before 55 12 74 540 145 3 584 417 9.51 415 8.21

91 1977 Chevrolet Blazer Measurement Caryl&470 15JUL09:10:49:23 Before 38 8 71 708 341 5 381 233 4.14 570 12.05

91 1977 Chevrolet Blazer Measurement IMStationDriveway 15JUL09:10:54:55 Before 12 6 76 58 323 5 710 737 1.63 2422 13.78

91 1977 Chevrolet Blazer Measurement IMStationDriveway 15JUL09:10:55:55 Before 12 6 76 60 901 6 1280 1206 2.13 2267 13.41

91 1977 Chevrolet Blazer Measurement IMStationDriveway 24JUL09:09:45:55 After 13 7 85 50 122 3 230 197 3.20 1010 12.71

91 1977 Chevrolet Blazer Measurement IMStationDriveway 24JUL09:09:50:51 After 14 8 85 54 138 3 290 290 3.62 1136 12.41

92 1997 Ford F150 Selection IMStationDriveway 14JUL09:09:28:56 Before 14 17 78 45 148 4 69 -546 0.02 137 15.03

92 1997 Ford F150 Measurement Kipling&470 14JUL09:10:44:57 Before 55 9 83 693 136 3 . -136 . . .

92 1997 Ford F150 Measurement Caryl&470 14JUL09:10:46:50 Before 36 19 85 646 273 5 233 -272 0.08 1672 14.93

92 1997 Ford F150 Measurement Kipling&470 14JUL09:10:51:32 Before 56 23 83 707 112 3 57 -58 1.45 593 13.99

92 1997 Ford F150 Measurement Caryl&470 14JUL09:10:53:09 Before 37 18 85 671 286 5 510 -288 0.08 23 14.98

92 1997 Ford F150 Measurement IMStationDriveway 14JUL09:11:05:14 Before 11 3 85 86 73 2 31 -88 0.02 86 15.04

92 1997 Ford F150 Measurement IMStationDriveway 14JUL09:11:06:20 Before 10 3 85 89 96 3 22 -95 0.01 574 15.02

93 2003 Dodge Durango Selection IMStationDriveway 14JUL09:10:35:29 Before 15 12 83 71 70 2 47 17 0.89 -6 14.41

93 2003 Dodge Durango Measurement Kipling&470 14JUL09:13:00:55 Before 54 16 86 80 219 4 25 -67 1.48 42 13.99

93 2003 Dodge Durango Measurement Caryl&470 14JUL09:13:01:51 Before 35 17 92 1070 432 5 102 -90 0.01 11 15.05

93 2003 Dodge Durango Measurement Kipling&470 14JUL09:13:06:35 Before 55 19 86 93 179 4 74 35 0.08 90 14.99

93 2003 Dodge Durango Measurement Caryl&470 14JUL09:13:08:12 Before 38 20 91 1096 373 5 170 -22 0.03 29 15.02

93 2003 Dodge Durango Measurement IMStationDriveway 14JUL09:13:17:57 Before 12 8 95 155 87 2 9 5 0.01 -3 15.04

93 2003 Dodge Durango Measurement IMStationDriveway 14JUL09:13:19:05 Before 11 6 95 158 79 2 2 -37 0.01 26 15.04

95 1998 Nissan Quest Selection IMStationDriveway 14JUL09:12:05:02 Before 14 13 89 118 727 6 663 52 3.23 4 12.72

95 1998 Nissan Quest Measurement Kipling&470 15JUL09:08:58:14 Before 55 32 70 272 154 3 356 384 9.50 84 8.23

95 1998 Nissan Quest Measurement Caryl&470 15JUL09:09:01:58 Before 37 11 76 343 295 5 754 704 0.03 -80 15.01
Table F-2. Selection RSMs and Measurement RSMs for Participating Vehicles (Continued)

F-14

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model Remote Sensing Measurement (RSM)

Type

(Selection;

Measurement)

Location DateTime Timing

(RSM is 

Before Repair 

or 

After Repair)

Speed (mph)VSP (kW/Mg)Temperature (F)VDFEI23EI23 BinHC Method A (ppmC3)HC Method B (ppmC3)CO Method A (%)

NO Method A (ppm)CO2 Method A (%)

95 1998 Nissan Quest Measurement Kipling&470 15JUL09:09:04:02 Before 56 41 70 290 222 4 287 315 9.30 119 8.37

95 1998 Nissan Quest Measurement Caryl&470 15JUL09:09:08:08 Before 37 11 77 365 192 4 495 435 -0.03 959 15.03

95 1998 Nissan Quest Measurement IMStationDriveway 15JUL09:09:15:11 Before 13 10 72 32 76 2 226 60 0.00 2470 14.95

95 1998 Nissan Quest Measurement IMStationDriveway 15JUL09:09:16:30 Before 13 8 72 35 199 4 157 58 0.06 1701 14.94

100 1984 Chevrolet Suburban Selection IMStationDriveway 15JUL09:09:19:59 Before 11 12 72 36 1175 7 516 -49 4.74 826 11.61

100 1984 Chevrolet Suburban Measurement Kipling&470 15JUL09:11:48:31 Before 48 4 78 690 212 4 581 531 7.77 71 9.46

100 1984 Chevrolet Suburban Measurement Caryl&470 15JUL09:11:53:10 Before 34 11 77 941 353 5 820 694 1.52 521 13.92

100 1984 Chevrolet Suburban Measurement Kipling&470 15JUL09:11:55:25 Before 49 11 78 710 210 4 810 652 4.77 427 11.60

100 1984 Chevrolet Suburban Measurement Caryl&470 15JUL09:11:59:28 Before 34 12 79 962 645 6 875 384 2.10 645 13.50

100 1984 Chevrolet Suburban Measurement IMStationDriveway 15JUL09:12:05:12 Before 12 8 86 85 1926 7 833 531 3.48 598 12.51

100 1984 Chevrolet Suburban Measurement IMStationDriveway 15JUL09:12:06:02 Before 13 6 86 87 2432 7 1680 2035 4.57 578 11.70

100 1984 Chevrolet Suburban Measurement IMStationDriveway 23JUL09:16:42:42 After 14 11 101 234 281 5 1024 18 3.54 465 12.47

100 1984 Chevrolet Suburban Measurement IMStationDriveway 23JUL09:16:44:10 After 11 7 101 237 927 6 2032 -871 3.18 508 12.70

103.122 1988 Toyota Camry Selection IMStationDriveway 16JUL09:09:04:19 Before 14 16 78 9 144 3 622 292 3.31 811 12.63

103.122 1988 Toyota Camry Measurement Kipling&470 16JUL09:10:28:21 Before 53 5 83 800 133 3 . 514 . . .

103.122 1988 Toyota Camry Measurement Caryl&470 16JUL09:10:31:55 Before 34 18 87 645 206 4 267 190 0.17 2593 14.83

103.122 1988 Toyota Camry Measurement Kipling&470 16JUL09:10:35:11 Before 51 14 84 818 144 3 355 316 5.62 1261 10.97

103.122 1988 Toyota Camry Measurement Caryl&470 16JUL09:10:39:27 Before 33 16 89 670 230 4 282 157 0.29 1367 14.79

103.122 1988 Toyota Camry Measurement IMStationDriveway 16JUL09:10:46:39 Before 8 0 88 53 218 4 517 227 0.22 1432 14.83

103.122 1988 Toyota Camry Measurement IMStationDriveway 16JUL09:10:47:40 Before 11 6 88 56 277 5 424 267 0.25 1815 14.80

103.122 1988 Toyota Camry Measurement IMStationDriveway 17JUL09:13:23:25 After 14 14 94 189 160 4 371 307 0.22 1901 14.82

103.122 1988 Toyota Camry Measurement IMStationDriveway 17JUL09:13:24:34 After 14 14 94 192 269 4 306 186 0.20 1844 14.84

108 1995 Cadillac SLS Selection IMStationDriveway 16JUL09:11:18:48 Before 10 11 89 78 1375 7 1123 536 0.06 402 14.96

108 1995 Cadillac SLS Measurement Caryl&470 16JUL09:13:46:50 Before 37 17 89 1355 265 4 3224 2885 0.04 657 14.90

108 1995 Cadillac SLS Measurement Caryl&470 16JUL09:13:53:19 Before 37 22 89 1375 391 5 3276 3362 0.03 693 14.91

108 1995 Cadillac SLS Measurement Kipling&470 16JUL09:13:55:29 Before 53 10 86 250 435 5 2982 2236 0.33 489 14.71

108 1995 Cadillac SLS Measurement Kipling&470 16JUL09:14:01:27 Before 56 22 86 265 372 5 1791 2099 4.36 272 11.87

108 1995 Cadillac SLS Measurement IMStationDriveway 16JUL09:14:08:23 Before 13 10 97 174 6713 7 3493 1942 0.09 87 14.88

108 1995 Cadillac SLS Measurement IMStationDriveway 16JUL09:14:09:19 Before 12 11 97 177 2031 7 2753 1414 0.02 729 14.93

108 1995 Cadillac SLS Measurement IMStationDriveway 23JUL09:16:04:32 After 14 11 104 216 62 2 59 62 0.17 321 14.92

108 1995 Cadillac SLS Measurement IMStationDriveway 23JUL09:16:05:51 After 11 11 104 219 83 2 33 28 0.06 206 15.01

109 1995 Toyota Avalon Selection IMStationDriveway 16JUL09:12:30:46 Before 14 19 94 123 328 5 163 -58 0.03 275 15.02

109 1995 Toyota Avalon Measurement Kipling&470 20JUL09:14:49:31 Before 54 13 92 386 394 5 195 -43 0.14 14 14.95

109 1995 Toyota Avalon Measurement Caryl&470 20JUL09:14:54:17 Before 36 16 90 1401 303 5 131 -70 0.02 419 15.02

109 1995 Toyota Avalon Measurement Kipling&470 20JUL09:14:56:26 Before 51 20 92 401 296 5 169 -115 0.08 182 14.99

109 1995 Toyota Avalon Measurement Caryl&470 20JUL09:15:00:36 Before 37 23 90 1424 280 5 222 29 0.02 81 15.03
Table F-2. Selection RSMs and Measurement RSMs for Participating Vehicles (Continued)

F-15

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model Remote Sensing Measurement (RSM)

Type

(Selection;

Measurement)

Location DateTime Timing

(RSM is 

Before Repair 

or 

After Repair)

Speed (mph)VSP (kW/Mg)Temperature (F)VDFEI23EI23 BinHC Method A (ppmC3)HC Method B (ppmC3)CO Method A (%)

NO Method A (ppm)CO2 Method A (%)

109 1995 Toyota Avalon Measurement IMStationDriveway 20JUL09:15:09:30 Before 15 11 103 229 147 3 153 -136 0.04 36 15.02

109 1995 Toyota Avalon Measurement IMStationDriveway 20JUL09:15:11:06 Before 14 13 104 232 276 5 142 -40 0.03 43 15.03

109 1995 Toyota Avalon Measurement IMStationDriveway 20JUL09:15:50:19 After 14 11 94 252 80 2 11 -1 0.03 49 15.03

109 1995 Toyota Avalon Measurement IMStationDriveway 20JUL09:15:51:14 After 13 5 94 254 87 2 -1 -4 0.03 261 15.03

110 2005 Toyota Avalon Selection IMStationDriveway 16JUL09:13:02:28 Before 14 22 96 136 114 3 17 36 0.03 7 15.03

110 2005 Toyota Avalon Measurement Kipling&470 16JUL09:16:05:03 Before 54 19 86 656 218 4 . 176 . . .

110 2005 Toyota Avalon Measurement Caryl&470 16JUL09:16:09:21 Before 38 12 89 1783 287 5 . 127 . . .

110 2005 Toyota Avalon Measurement Kipling&470 16JUL09:16:12:27 Before 55 18 85 675 282 5 69 -35 0.28 -2 14.85

110 2005 Toyota Avalon Measurement Caryl&470 16JUL09:16:17:31 Before 36 16 89 1808 243 4 287 194 0.04 51 15.01

110 2005 Toyota Avalon Measurement IMStationDriveway 16JUL09:16:24:24 Before 11 8 99 243 86 2 6 -3 0.02 21 15.04

110 2005 Toyota Avalon Measurement IMStationDriveway 16JUL09:16:25:21 Before 12 12 99 245 95 3 -3 -8 0.00 12 15.05

112 1986 Ford LTD Selection IMStationDriveway 16JUL09:13:38:56 Before 10 8 98 156 1003 6 2328 750 0.04 1530 14.90

112 1986 Ford LTD Measurement Caryl&470 16JUL09:15:23:26 Before 37 11 86 1655 564 6 1538 700 0.06 1409 14.91

112 1986 Ford LTD Measurement Kipling&470 16JUL09:15:26:33 Before 54 9 85 516 371 5 752 313 0.72 1417 14.46

112 1986 Ford LTD Measurement Caryl&470 16JUL09:15:31:22 Before 38 13 87 1667 444 5 1739 809 0.04 2132 14.90

112 1986 Ford LTD Measurement Kipling&470 16JUL09:15:34:48 Before 53 18 86 538 336 5 1034 796 6.14 126 10.62

112 1986 Ford LTD Measurement IMStationDriveway 16JUL09:15:41:41 Before 11 7 99 224 2091 7 4672 2155 0.00 1479 14.86

112 1986 Ford LTD Measurement IMStationDriveway 16JUL09:15:42:30 Before 11 7 96 226 626 6 2932 -1101 0.19 1933 14.76

112 1986 Ford LTD Measurement IMStationDriveway 07AUG09:12:05:17 After 14 13 93 143 119 3 424 300 6.86 119 10.12

112 1986 Ford LTD Measurement IMStationDriveway 07AUG09:12:06:28 After 15 13 93 144 204 4 253 59 3.48 78 12.55

120 1989 Chevrolet Camaro Selection IMStationDriveway 17JUL09:10:21:37 Before 17 28 80 76 161 4 389 305 3.12 1033 12.77

120 1989 Chevrolet Camaro Measurement Kipling&470 17JUL09:11:33:15 Before 61 30 83 950 245 4 286 194 1.24 1221 14.11

120 1989 Chevrolet Camaro Measurement Caryl&470 17JUL09:11:36:51 Before 42 18 87 796 241 4 338 303 0.74 705 14.49

120 1989 Chevrolet Camaro Measurement Kipling&470 17JUL09:11:38:55 Before 62 36 83 970 186 4 142 115 0.34 2538 14.72

120 1989 Chevrolet Camaro Measurement Caryl&470 17JUL09:11:44:21 Before 38 9 85 815 286 5 279 172 1.36 36 14.07

120 1989 Chevrolet Camaro Measurement IMStationDriveway 17JUL09:11:50:44 Before 12 12 89 130 298 5 432 309 1.04 889 14.26

120 1989 Chevrolet Camaro Measurement IMStationDriveway 17JUL09:11:53:01 Before 11 10 89 134 177 4 518 365 0.96 1027 14.31

121 1994 Isuzu Amigo Selection IMStationDriveway 17JUL09:10:46:26 Before 13 8 82 85 604 5 6781 4390 0.23 1034 14.65

121 1994 Isuzu Amigo Measurement Caryl&470 17JUL09:12:19:17 Before 38 15 89 946 340 5 377 83 0.33 824 14.78

121 1994 Isuzu Amigo Measurement Kipling&470 17JUL09:12:21:33 Before 45 11 86 52 185 4 14 -219 0.03 2177 14.95

121 1994 Isuzu Amigo Measurement Caryl&470 17JUL09:12:25:41 Before 38 13 90 971 366 5 243 131 0.11 1662 14.91

121 1994 Isuzu Amigo Measurement Kipling&470 17JUL09:12:29:20 Before 44 20 85 75 284 5 308 -94 0.09 2602 14.89

121 1994 Isuzu Amigo Measurement IMStationDriveway 17JUL09:12:37:12 Before 12 5 92 163 101 3 47 -94 0.15 625 14.92

121 1994 Isuzu Amigo Measurement IMStationDriveway 17JUL09:12:38:04 Before 13 7 92 165 81 2 24 -5 0.13 852 14.93

127 1993 Jeep Cherokee Selection IMStationDriveway 17JUL09:15:51:25 Before 10 19 100 272 456 6 1240 -1152 4.15 176 12.03

127 1993 Jeep Cherokee Measurement Kipling&470 17JUL09:16:38:53 Before 54 18 88 855 279 5 . 264 . . .
Table F-2. Selection RSMs and Measurement RSMs for Participating Vehicles (Continued)

F-16

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model Remote Sensing Measurement (RSM)

Type

(Selection;

Measurement)

Location DateTime Timing

(RSM is 

Before Repair 

or 

After Repair)

Speed (mph)VSP (kW/Mg)Temperature (F)VDFEI23EI23 BinHC Method A (ppmC3)HC Method B (ppmC3)CO Method A (%)

NO Method A (ppm)CO2 Method A (%)

127 1993 Jeep Cherokee Measurement Caryl&470 17JUL09:16:43:30 Before 36 11 93 1779 615 6 235 -153 0.04 935 14.99

127 1993 Jeep Cherokee Measurement Kipling&470 17JUL09:16:46:24 Before 55 29 88 885 381 5 380 209 0.08 484 14.97

127 1993 Jeep Cherokee Measurement Caryl&470 17JUL09:16:51:19 Before 37 13 94 1820 232 4 1032 693 0.06 152 14.98

127 1993 Jeep Cherokee Measurement IMStationDriveway 17JUL09:16:58:08 Before 11 8 96 297 852 6 3715 606 0.09 119 14.87

127 1993 Jeep Cherokee Measurement IMStationDriveway 17JUL09:16:59:03 Before 11 9 96 299 310 5 3146 -507 0.02 205 14.94

127 1993 Jeep Cherokee Measurement IMStationDriveway 24JUL09:08:59:42 After 14 7 79 31 63 2 177 1 0.25 211 14.86

127 1993 Jeep Cherokee Measurement IMStationDriveway 24JUL09:09:00:45 After 13 6 79 34 90 2 101 64 0.76 104 14.50

130 1995 Ford Explorer Selection IMStationDriveway 20JUL09:09:44:43 Before 11 11 88 40 57 1 30 38 0.49 118 14.70

130 1995 Ford Explorer Measurement Kipling&470 20JUL09:10:52:09 Before 49 21 86 744 137 3 23 -27 0.40 158 14.76

130 1995 Ford Explorer Measurement Caryl&470 20JUL09:10:57:59 Before 35 7 85 679 197 4 132 45 -0.04 -44 15.08

130 1995 Ford Explorer Measurement Kipling&470 20JUL09:11:00:11 Before 50 26 86 762 176 4 120 135 0.09 2633 14.89

130 1995 Ford Explorer Measurement Caryl&470 20JUL09:11:04:16 Before 35 16 85 699 375 5 207 -59 0.01 265 15.03

130 1995 Ford Explorer Measurement IMStationDriveway 20JUL09:11:11:22 Before 17 15 94 83 38 1 10 34 1.31 47 14.11

130 1995 Ford Explorer Measurement IMStationDriveway 20JUL09:11:14:16 Before 12 7 94 86 45 1 -27 -40 0.06 258 15.01

131 1997 Subaru Outback Selection IMStationDriveway 20JUL09:10:12:22 Before 11 5 90 49 49 1 -5 -8 0.08 36 14.99

131 1997 Subaru Outback Measurement Kipling&470 20JUL09:12:01:01 Before 49 13 89 923 162 3 . 683 . . .

131 1997 Subaru Outback Measurement Kipling&470 20JUL09:12:08:51 Before 49 12 89 947 157 4 . 135 . . .

131 1997 Subaru Outback Measurement Caryl&470 20JUL09:12:13:04 Before 38 14 84 940 188 4 448 189 0.54 810 14.63

131 1997 Subaru Outback Measurement Caryl&470 20JUL09:12:20:31 Before 38 23 85 965 162 4 206 -162 -0.09 1153 15.07

131 1997 Subaru Outback Measurement IMStationDriveway 20JUL09:12:27:05 Before 15 18 97 122 49 1 2 -11 0.12 263 14.96

131 1997 Subaru Outback Measurement IMStationDriveway 20JUL09:12:28:42 Before 14 13 97 124 68 2 6 9 0.10 41 14.98

134 2003 Chevrolet Impala Selection IMStationDriveway 20JUL09:11:04:40 Before 13 18 93 82 42 1 -25 -49 0.05 55 15.01

134 2003 Chevrolet Impala Measurement Kipling&470 20JUL09:13:31:16 Before 51 13 93 202 128 3 . -171 . . .

134 2003 Chevrolet Impala Measurement Caryl&470 20JUL09:13:35:28 Before 38 19 86 1168 260 4 203 -54 0.00 20 15.05

134 2003 Chevrolet Impala Measurement Caryl&470 20JUL09:13:41:49 Before 39 22 86 1185 226 4 253 128 0.02 28 15.03

134 2003 Chevrolet Impala Measurement Kipling&470 20JUL09:13:43:53 Before 54 7 93 229 174 4 . 9 . . .

134 2003 Chevrolet Impala Measurement IMStationDriveway 20JUL09:13:51:17 Before 15 12 94 170 64 2 -14 -28 0.05 -5 15.02

134 2003 Chevrolet Impala Measurement IMStationDriveway 20JUL09:13:52:26 Before 15 13 94 172 75 2 -9 -3 0.04 21 15.02

135 2001 Chrysler Sebring Selection IMStationDriveway 20JUL09:12:08:49 Before 9 12 97 115 105 3 0 -2 0.05 250 15.01

135 2001 Chrysler Sebring Measurement Kipling&470 21JUL09:09:59:57 Before 51 18 78 634 162 4 . -82 . . .

135 2001 Chrysler Sebring Measurement Kipling&470 21JUL09:10:07:33 Before 53 0 79 658 197 4 . -146 . . .

135 2001 Chrysler Sebring Measurement Caryl&470 21JUL09:10:13:09 Before 39 31 73 548 251 4 85 -36 0.03 49 15.03

135 2001 Chrysler Sebring Measurement Caryl&470 21JUL09:10:20:44 Before 39 28 72 574 326 5 185 -99 0.03 188 15.02

135 2001 Chrysler Sebring Measurement IMStationDriveway 21JUL09:10:28:18 Before 14 12 77 74 52 1 17 11 0.02 -5 15.04

135 2001 Chrysler Sebring Measurement IMStationDriveway 21JUL09:10:29:32 Before 11 7 77 76 82 2 0 -2 0.11 11 14.97

138 2002 Suzuki Vitara Selection IMStationDriveway 20JUL09:14:24:54 Before 15 9 99 194 66 2 12 23 0.04 -41 15.03
Table F-2. Selection RSMs and Measurement RSMs for Participating Vehicles (Continued)

F-17

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model Remote Sensing Measurement (RSM)

Type

(Selection;

Measurement)

Location DateTime Timing

(RSM is 

Before Repair 

or 

After Repair)

Speed (mph)VSP (kW/Mg)Temperature (F)VDFEI23EI23 BinHC Method A (ppmC3)HC Method B (ppmC3)CO Method A (%)

NO Method A (ppm)CO2 Method A (%)

138 2002 Suzuki Vitara Measurement Kipling&470 21JUL09:08:50:48 Before 50 16 74 463 175 4 . 91 . . .

138 2002 Suzuki Vitara Measurement Caryl&470 21JUL09:08:55:35 Before 37 22 74 294 164 4 230 170 0.05 53 15.01

138 2002 Suzuki Vitara Measurement Kipling&470 21JUL09:08:57:49 Before 52 22 75 480 128 3 208 145 0.28 -36 14.85

138 2002 Suzuki Vitara Measurement Caryl&470 21JUL09:09:01:57 Before 34 13 74 316 255 4 -22 -238 -0.04 51 15.08

138 2002 Suzuki Vitara Measurement IMStationDriveway 21JUL09:09:11:06 Before 14 11 73 41 70 2 -8 -8 0.01 48 15.05

138 2002 Suzuki Vitara Measurement IMStationDriveway 21JUL09:09:14:44 Before 13 11 73 45 45 1 30 27 0.10 -10 14.98

139 2002 Pontiac Sunfire Selection IMStationDriveway 20JUL09:14:25:01 Before 15 18 99 195 56 1 -35 11 2.32 26 13.39

139 2002 Pontiac Sunfire Measurement Caryl&470 20JUL09:16:43:19 Before 39 21 86 1755 223 4 34 -143 0.05 79 15.02

139 2002 Pontiac Sunfire Measurement Kipling&470 20JUL09:16:46:29 Before 51 7 90 782 142 3 -44 -75 0.09 195 14.98

139 2002 Pontiac Sunfire Measurement Kipling&470 20JUL09:16:54:24 Before 52 14 90 812 138 3 . -79 . . .

139 2002 Pontiac Sunfire Measurement Caryl&470 20JUL09:16:59:21 Before 39 19 85 1813 239 4 147 -126 -0.02 6 15.07

139 2002 Pontiac Sunfire Measurement IMStationDriveway 20JUL09:17:07:14 Before 14 11 90 287 66 2 -50 -9 0.00 16 15.05

139 2002 Pontiac Sunfire Measurement IMStationDriveway 20JUL09:17:08:12 Before 13 11 90 289 56 1 -7 -6 0.05 -2 15.02

156 1999 Ford Explorer Selection IMStationDriveway 22JUL09:10:08:52 Before 15 16 82 37 54 1 7 -9 0.09 -15 14.99

156 1999 Ford Explorer Measurement Kipling&470 22JUL09:11:11:57 Before 52 13 84 777 214 4 159 -38 0.19 39 14.91

156 1999 Ford Explorer Measurement Caryl&470 22JUL09:11:15:34 Before 36 17 80 793 360 5 231 52 0.05 205 15.00

156 1999 Ford Explorer Measurement Kipling&470 22JUL09:11:18:07 Before 54 19 84 793 299 5 152 47 0.37 163 14.78

156 1999 Ford Explorer Measurement Caryl&470 22JUL09:11:23:04 Before 37 20 80 822 587 6 155 -19 -0.01 157 15.05

156 1999 Ford Explorer Measurement IMStationDriveway 22JUL09:11:30:41 Before 13 11 90 89 91 3 29 -2 0.04 59 15.02

156 1999 Ford Explorer Measurement IMStationDriveway 22JUL09:11:32:29 Before 13 12 90 93 136 3 38 -29 0.03 69 15.03

157 1982 Ford F150 Explorer Selection IMStationDriveway 22JUL09:10:45:54 Before 14 17 84 54 515 6 558 190 2.92 1117 12.91

157 1982 Ford F150 Explorer Measurement Kipling&470 22JUL09:13:45:42 Before 53 -1 87 247 250 4 795 203 5.35 596 11.17

157 1982 Ford F150 Explorer Measurement Caryl&470 22JUL09:13:50:29 Before 40 20 85 1305 358 5 252 9 1.08 2253 14.19

157 1982 Ford F150 Explorer Measurement Kipling&470 22JUL09:13:52:35 Before 53 22 87 262 247 4 246 327 3.32 992 12.63

157 1982 Ford F150 Explorer Measurement Kipling&470 22JUL09:14:01:23 Before 54 22 87 291 238 4 674 381 3.59 1404 12.41

157 1982 Ford F150 Explorer Measurement Caryl&470 22JUL09:14:05:27 Before 41 17 88 1346 276 5 462 259 2.68 1280 13.07

157 1982 Ford F150 Explorer Measurement IMStationDriveway 22JUL09:14:11:46 Before 13 14 99 156 366 5 779 264 0.19 1883 14.82

157 1982 Ford F150 Explorer Measurement IMStationDriveway 22JUL09:14:13:13 Before 14 13 99 159 169 4 479 248 0.57 1531 14.58

157 1982 Ford F150 Explorer Measurement IMStationDriveway 22JUL09:15:24:39 After 13 12 102 194 123 3 537 374 3.84 435 12.27

157 1982 Ford F150 Explorer Measurement IMStationDriveway 22JUL09:15:26:16 After 14 9 102 200 128 3 692 535 6.60 164 10.29

158 2005 Chevrolet Cobalt Selection IMStationDriveway 22JUL09:10:10:36 Before 8 13 82 40 95 3 9 22 0.00 100 15.05

158 2005 Chevrolet Cobalt Measurement Caryl&470 22JUL09:12:29:20 Before 38 23 83 1036 364 5 33 -73 0.02 22 15.04

158 2005 Chevrolet Cobalt Measurement Kipling&470 22JUL09:12:34:01 Before 54 14 85 30 254 4 120 -53 0.14 149 14.94

158 2005 Chevrolet Cobalt Measurement Caryl&470 22JUL09:12:38:04 Before 39 21 84 1064 311 5 35 -90 0.04 1 15.03

158 2005 Chevrolet Cobalt Measurement Kipling&470 22JUL09:12:40:54 Before 53 12 85 44 249 4 . -491 . . .

158 2005 Chevrolet Cobalt Measurement IMStationDriveway 22JUL09:12:48:39 Before 14 12 95 116 56 1 5 9 0.01 13 15.04
Table F-2. Selection RSMs and Measurement RSMs for Participating Vehicles (Continued)

F-18

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model Remote Sensing Measurement (RSM)

Type

(Selection;

Measurement)

Location DateTime Timing

(RSM is 

Before Repair 

or 

After Repair)

Speed (mph)VSP (kW/Mg)Temperature (F)VDFEI23EI23 BinHC Method A (ppmC3)HC Method B (ppmC3)CO Method A (%)

NO Method A (ppm)CO2 Method A (%)

158 2005 Chevrolet Cobalt Measurement IMStationDriveway 22JUL09:12:49:42 Before 14 12 95 118 57 2 1 7 0.01 5 15.05

159 1990 Mazda MX-6 Selection IMStationDriveway 22JUL09:16:12:14 Before 11 15 94 212 1195 6 3836 5781 1.44 171 13.90

159 1990 Mazda MX-6 Measurement Caryl&470 23JUL09:09:11:46 Before 38 18 82 393 152 3 222 167 0.05 96 15.01

159 1990 Mazda MX-6 Measurement Kipling&470 23JUL09:09:16:13 Before 54 12 81 252 125 3 199 182 0.23 377 14.87

159 1990 Mazda MX-6 Measurement Caryl&470 23JUL09:09:20:30 Before 37 24 83 421 175 4 502 385 0.11 138 14.96

159 1990 Mazda MX-6 Measurement Kipling&470 23JUL09:09:24:02 Before 51 14 81 272 157 4 235 162 0.56 1257 14.60

159 1990 Mazda MX-6 Measurement IMStationDriveway 23JUL09:09:31:45 Before 13 9 79 39 267 4 419 273 0.24 115 14.87

159 1990 Mazda MX-6 Measurement IMStationDriveway 23JUL09:09:32:46 Before 13 11 79 41 501 5 702 622 0.14 130 14.92

161 2001 Saturn SC-1 Selection IMStationDriveway 22JUL09:16:28:37 Before 9 11 92 219 56 1 4 -159 0.01 505 15.03

161 2001 Saturn SC-1 Measurement Caryl&470 23JUL09:10:37:44 Before 38 19 91 666 320 5 313 78 0.00 584 15.02

161 2001 Saturn SC-1 Measurement Kipling&470 23JUL09:10:40:16 Before 49 19 86 466 182 4 . -66 . . .

161 2001 Saturn SC-1 Measurement Caryl&470 23JUL09:10:44:19 Before 37 17 93 684 256 5 549 -377 0.00 954 15.00

161 2001 Saturn SC-1 Measurement Kipling&470 23JUL09:10:46:26 Before 50 22 86 480 189 4 174 117 0.16 364 14.92

161 2001 Saturn SC-1 Measurement IMStationDriveway 23JUL09:10:54:07 Before 13 10 88 69 90 2 132 111 0.26 1577 14.81

161 2001 Saturn SC-1 Measurement IMStationDriveway 23JUL09:10:55:27 Before 13 9 88 70 63 2 55 111 0.04 609 15.00

162.332 1995 Jeep Wrangler Selection IMStationDriveway 11AUG09:11:36:03 Before 14 15 90 87 95 3 . -123 . . .

162.332 1995 Jeep Wrangler Measurement Kipling&470 11AUG09:13:59:39 Before 51 15 90 215 222 4 222 61 1.26 101 14.14

162.332 1995 Jeep Wrangler Measurement Caryl&470 11AUG09:14:03:13 Before 35 21 89 1098 73 2 1 -4 0.05 304 15.01

162.332 1995 Jeep Wrangler Measurement Kipling&470 11AUG09:14:06:50 Before 51 35 90 243 159 4 121 51 2.88 201 12.98

162.332 1995 Jeep Wrangler Measurement Caryl&470 11AUG09:14:09:22 Before 37 24 89 1114 84 2 -37 -92 0.08 657 14.98

162.332 1995 Jeep Wrangler Measurement IMStationDriveway 11AUG09:14:18:09 Before 13 13 103 160 82 2 49 21 0.22 510 14.88

162.332 1995 Jeep Wrangler Measurement IMStationDriveway 11AUG09:14:19:25 Before 14 12 103 162 77 2 220 104 0.74 243 14.51

163 2002 Volvo S60 Selection IMStationDriveway 23JUL09:12:15:48 Before 13 20 97 113 59 2 74 5 0.04 37 15.02

163 2002 Volvo S60 Measurement Kipling&470 23JUL09:13:15:38 Before 55 15 93 93 272 5 . -1125 . . .

163 2002 Volvo S60 Measurement Kipling&470 23JUL09:13:22:36 Before 54 17 93 112 439 5 391 116 0.25 -13 14.87

163 2002 Volvo S60 Measurement Caryl&470 23JUL09:13:26:45 Before 38 19 94 1202 362 5 88 -24 0.01 15 15.04

163 2002 Volvo S60 Measurement Kipling&470 23JUL09:13:29:06 Before 56 20 93 131 236 4 144 -94 0.07 -18 15.00

163 2002 Volvo S60 Measurement Caryl&470 23JUL09:13:33:03 Before 37 19 94 1219 513 6 281 117 0.01 63 15.04

163 2002 Volvo S60 Measurement IMStationDriveway 23JUL09:13:40:24 Before 14 7 106 153 53 1 42 9 0.12 1 14.96

163 2002 Volvo S60 Measurement IMStationDriveway 23JUL09:13:42:07 Before 15 11 106 156 44 1 14 23 0.07 -12 15.01

168 1994 Saturn SL2 Selection IMStationDriveway 23JUL09:13:30:20 Before 12 15 105 143 4061 7 14893 -736 0.41 486 14.30

168 1994 Saturn SL2 Measurement Kipling&470 23JUL09:14:36:51 Before 52 16 94 304 140 3 . 78 . . .

168 1994 Saturn SL2 Measurement Caryl&470 23JUL09:14:41:45 Before 37 15 92 1432 168 4 . 406 . . .

168 1994 Saturn SL2 Measurement Caryl&470 23JUL09:14:50:28 Before 36 18 93 1455 310 5 198 82 0.04 155 15.01

168 1994 Saturn SL2 Measurement Kipling&470 23JUL09:14:52:33 Before 53 16 94 358 210 4 . -93 . . .

168 1994 Saturn SL2 Measurement IMStationDriveway 23JUL09:14:59:55 Before 13 10 107 189 1754 7 2613 -76 0.19 45 14.84
Table F-2. Selection RSMs and Measurement RSMs for Participating Vehicles (Continued)

F-19

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model Remote Sensing Measurement (RSM)

Type

(Selection;

Measurement)

Location DateTime Timing

(RSM is 

Before Repair 

or 

After Repair)

Speed (mph)VSP (kW/Mg)Temperature (F)VDFEI23EI23 BinHC Method A (ppmC3)HC Method B (ppmC3)CO Method A (%)

NO Method A (ppm)CO2 Method A (%)

168 1994 Saturn SL2 Measurement IMStationDriveway 23JUL09:15:01:09 Before 12 8 107 191 799 6 1799 144 0.97 118 14.30

177 2004 Dodge Ram 1500 Selection IMStationDriveway 24JUL09:13:00:15 Before 18 24 98 126 102 3 59 -47 0.42 36 14.75

177 2004 Dodge Ram 1500 Measurement Kipling&470 24JUL09:16:04:32 Before 50 14 95 716 202 4 92 -63 0.03 -7 15.03

177 2004 Dodge Ram 1500 Measurement Caryl&470 24JUL09:16:08:50 Before 36 14 105 1542 130 3 20 -59 0.02 -42 15.04

177 2004 Dodge Ram 1500 Measurement Kipling&470 24JUL09:16:12:39 Before 53 16 95 746 209 4 106 81 0.01 45 15.04

177 2004 Dodge Ram 1500 Measurement Caryl&470 24JUL09:16:16:41 Before 37 16 108 1568 73 2 143 136 0.01 30 15.04

177 2004 Dodge Ram 1500 Measurement IMStationDriveway 24JUL09:16:24:43 Before 14 5 102 214 93 3 18 -24 0.21 -4 14.91

177 2004 Dodge Ram 1500 Measurement IMStationDriveway 24JUL09:16:25:52 Before 15 11 102 216 60 2 59 21 0.32 10 14.82

178 1969 VW

CP -

Dunebuggy Selection IMStationDriveway 24JUL09:11:21:43 Before 14 17 93 77 429 5 1168 234 7.46 1562 9.62

178 1969 VW

CP -

Dunebuggy Measurement Kipling&470 24JUL09:12:59:11 Before . . 93 144 210 4 972 789 3.76 2729 12.23

178 1969 VW

CP -

Dunebuggy Measurement IMStationDriveway 24JUL09:13:11:29 Before 14 13 100 132 217 4 1153 687 5.42 1349 11.09

178 1969 VW

CP -

Dunebuggy Measurement IMStationDriveway 24JUL09:13:13:30 Before 14 11 100 135 160 3 1676 687 5.52 1107 11.01

184 1998 VW Jetta Selection IMStationDriveway 24JUL09:15:24:17 Before 12 16 102 197 363 5 253 88 0.08 504 14.97

184 1998 VW Jetta Measurement Kipling&470 27JUL09:09:18:01 Before 53 28 79 634 98 3 14 -50 0.10 315 14.97

184 1998 VW Jetta Measurement Caryl&470 27JUL09:09:25:09 Before 33 32 71 337 72 2 44 28 0.11 106 14.97

184 1998 VW Jetta Measurement Kipling&470 27JUL09:09:27:41 Before 54 27 79 661 119 3 13 -109 0.80 22 14.48

184 1998 VW Jetta Measurement Caryl&470 27JUL09:09:31:11 Before 34 25 71 356 81 2 2 -4 0.02 58 15.04

184 1998 VW Jetta Measurement IMStationDriveway 27JUL09:09:40:24 Before 12 12 78 63 45 1 28 30 0.06 7 15.01

184 1998 VW Jetta Measurement IMStationDriveway 27JUL09:09:41:51 Before 12 12 78 69 75 2 12 8 0.04 19 15.03

185 2002 Toyota Echo Selection IMStationDriveway 27JUL09:09:00:02 Before 13 15 73 30 53 1 5 20 0.05 624 15.00

185 2002 Toyota Echo Measurement Kipling&470 27JUL09:10:29:33 Before 55 20 84 776 210 4 320 283 -0.13 92 15.13

185 2002 Toyota Echo Measurement Caryl&470 27JUL09:10:32:23 Before 37 20 76 551 73 2 50 13 0.02 38 15.04

185 2002 Toyota Echo Measurement Kipling&470 27JUL09:10:35:04 Before 54 17 85 789 228 4 . -14 . . .

185 2002 Toyota Echo Measurement Caryl&470 27JUL09:10:39:44 Before 35 20 75 567 61 2 -4 -2 0.00 12 15.06

185 2002 Toyota Echo Measurement IMStationDriveway 27JUL09:10:46:12 Before 12 13 85 111 65 2 -12 -26 0.09 49 14.99

185 2002 Toyota Echo Measurement IMStationDriveway 27JUL09:10:47:42 Before 11 13 85 112 85 2 7 36 0.08 138 14.99

186 1995 Ford F150 Selection IMStationDriveway 27JUL09:09:30:58 Before 8 6 77 55 66 2 80 9 0.11 325 14.96

186 1995 Ford F150 Measurement Kipling&470 27JUL09:11:35:23 Before 55 26 85 939 140 3 61 72 1.37 1801 14.01

186 1995 Ford F150 Measurement Caryl&470 27JUL09:11:38:35 Before 36 17 80 750 63 2 26 38 0.08 1223 14.95

186 1995 Ford F150 Measurement Kipling&470 27JUL09:11:41:19 Before 54 22 85 957 213 4 154 110 2.19 1387 13.43

186 1995 Ford F150 Measurement Caryl&470 27JUL09:11:44:47 Before 36 19 79 771 92 3 6 -41 0.38 543 14.76

186 1995 Ford F150 Measurement IMStationDriveway 27JUL09:11:53:44 Before 12 7 91 158 101 3 49 21 0.11 541 14.95
Table F-2. Selection RSMs and Measurement RSMs for Participating Vehicles (Continued)

F-20

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model Remote Sensing Measurement (RSM)

Type

(Selection;

Measurement)

Location DateTime Timing

(RSM is 

Before Repair 

or 

After Repair)

Speed (mph)VSP (kW/Mg)Temperature (F)VDFEI23EI23 BinHC Method A (ppmC3)HC Method B (ppmC3)CO Method A (%)

NO Method A (ppm)CO2 Method A (%)

186 1995 Ford F150 Measurement IMStationDriveway 27JUL09:11:55:12 Before 11 8 91 161 48 1 262 233 4.91 69 11.52

188 2005 Lexus GX-470 Selection IMStationDriveway 27JUL09:09:43:07 Before 19 29 78 70 89 2 1 -22 0.01 4 15.05

188 2005 Lexus GX-470 Measurement Kipling&470 27JUL09:12:42:32 Before 55 21 86 16 309 5 150 -57 1.67 66 13.85

188 2005 Lexus GX-470 Measurement Caryl&470 27JUL09:12:46:12 Before 34 21 81 976 65 2 -10 -40 0.01 -4 15.05

188 2005 Lexus GX-470 Measurement Kipling&470 27JUL09:12:50:10 Before 54 23 86 38 233 4 201 -110 0.84 -37 14.45

188 2005 Lexus GX-470 Measurement Caryl&470 27JUL09:12:53:37 Before 33 18 82 1001 101 3 15 -73 0.01 6 15.05

188 2005 Lexus GX-470 Measurement IMStationDriveway 27JUL09:13:02:15 Before 12 13 93 215 138 3 11 -10 0.03 5 15.03

188 2005 Lexus GX-470 Measurement IMStationDriveway 27JUL09:13:03:37 Before 12 11 93 217 108 3 -5 -38 0.03 -6 15.03

189 1993 GMC Safari Selection IMStationDriveway 27JUL09:12:40:50 Before 15 15 92 202 89 2 238 215 2.17 406 13.47

189 1993 GMC Safari Measurement Kipling&470 27JUL09:14:24:15 Before 54 17 86 294 191 4 210 -118 3.26 2010 12.64

189 1993 GMC Safari Measurement Caryl&470 27JUL09:14:27:26 Before 34 17 83 1257 96 3 76 122 0.09 332 14.97

189 1993 GMC Safari Measurement Kipling&470 27JUL09:14:30:19 Before 54 18 87 318 192 4 294 224 5.07 908 11.38

189 1993 GMC Safari Measurement Caryl&470 27JUL09:14:33:37 Before 35 16 84 1273 76 2 120 81 0.04 949 14.99

189 1993 GMC Safari Measurement IMStationDriveway 27JUL09:14:40:22 Before 11 8 95 283 88 2 74 7 0.12 262 14.96

189 1993 GMC Safari Measurement IMStationDriveway 27JUL09:14:42:07 Before 10 6 95 286 80 2 292 302 1.70 113 13.82

190 2001 Ford Expedition Selection IMStationDriveway 27JUL09:13:36:30 Before 12 11 95 245 70 2 9 7 0.24 -15 14.89

190 2001 Ford Expedition Measurement Kipling&470 28JUL09:10:03:10 Before 53 17 73 226 120 3 17 -14 0.05 47 15.01

190 2001 Ford Expedition Measurement Caryl&470 28JUL09:10:07:53 Before 34 15 62 526 318 5 137 -53 0.01 26 15.04

190 2001 Ford Expedition Measurement Kipling&470 28JUL09:10:10:04 Before 55 19 72 243 220 4 114 61 0.03 95 15.03

190 2001 Ford Expedition Measurement Caryl&470 28JUL09:10:15:19 Before 34 15 62 547 452 5 74 -59 0.09 133 14.98

190 2001 Ford Expedition Measurement IMStationDriveway 28JUL09:10:22:42 Before 12 8 67 72 118 3 13 -22 0.04 -1 15.02

190 2001 Ford Expedition Measurement IMStationDriveway 28JUL09:10:23:50 Before 12 10 67 76 91 3 4 -3 0.01 1 15.04

192 1991 Infiniti Q45 Selection IMStationDriveway 27JUL09:11:07:32 Before 17 19 87 127 62 2 24 23 0.09 1089 14.95

192 1991 Infiniti Q45 Measurement Caryl&470 28JUL09:08:21:25 Before 36 22 65 88 204 4 120 92 0.20 178 14.90

192 1991 Infiniti Q45 Measurement Caryl&470 28JUL09:08:29:44 Before 36 19 66 130 315 5 82 11 0.09 41 14.99

192 1991 Infiniti Q45 Measurement Caryl&470 28JUL09:08:36:49 Before 55 38 66 170 198 4 201 213 1.98 467 13.61

192 1991 Infiniti Q45 Measurement Caryl&470 28JUL09:08:45:17 Before 55 33 65 226 258 4 149 68 0.11 1397 14.92

192 1991 Infiniti Q45 Measurement IMStationDriveway 28JUL09:08:52:18 Before 13 8 69 21 161 4 39 32 0.09 100 14.99

192 1991 Infiniti Q45 Measurement IMStationDriveway 28JUL09:08:53:47 Before 13 9 69 24 63 2 32 38 0.08 150 14.99

193 2003 Ford Focus Selection IMStationDriveway 27JUL09:11:54:57 Before 13 16 91 160 35 1 5 5 0.10 32 14.98

193 2003 Ford Focus Measurement Kipling&470 28JUL09:09:10:10 Before 54 32 75 107 156 4 96 62 1.62 107 13.88

193 2003 Ford Focus Measurement Caryl&470 28JUL09:09:14:15 Before 35 22 65 354 153 4 79 62 0.02 43 15.03

193 2003 Ford Focus Measurement Kipling&470 28JUL09:09:16:29 Before 53 31 75 126 173 4 12 -9 0.24 -36 14.88

193 2003 Ford Focus Measurement Caryl&470 28JUL09:09:20:32 Before 37 19 64 375 144 3 -15 -50 0.01 5 15.04

193 2003 Ford Focus Measurement IMStationDriveway 28JUL09:09:27:47 Before 14 14 72 38 45 1 -1 6 0.03 30 15.03

193 2003 Ford Focus Measurement IMStationDriveway 28JUL09:09:28:58 Before 13 14 70 39 55 1 -11 -7 0.02 67 15.04
Table F-2. Selection RSMs and Measurement RSMs for Participating Vehicles (Continued)

F-21

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model Remote Sensing Measurement (RSM)

Type

(Selection;

Measurement)

Location DateTime Timing

(RSM is 

Before Repair 

or 

After Repair)

Speed (mph)VSP (kW/Mg)Temperature (F)VDFEI23EI23 BinHC Method A (ppmC3)HC Method B (ppmC3)CO Method A (%)

NO Method A (ppm)CO2 Method A (%)

194 1994 Geo Prizm Selection IMStationDriveway 27JUL09:13:54:24 Before 14 18 94 257 58 1 323 290 2.29 363 13.39

194 1994 Geo Prizm Measurement Kipling&470 28JUL09:10:57:23 Before 47 23 71 342 216 4 39 -122 1.24 566 14.15

194 1994 Geo Prizm Measurement Caryl&470 28JUL09:11:01:43 Before 32 18 64 688 171 4 234 243 0.07 1019 14.96

194 1994 Geo Prizm Measurement Caryl&470 28JUL09:11:07:55 Before 34 19 63 709 219 4 58 17 0.06 551 14.99

194 1994 Geo Prizm Measurement Kipling&470 28JUL09:11:10:29 Before 53 27 71 382 119 3 170 58 3.10 810 12.80

194 1994 Geo Prizm Measurement IMStationDriveway 28JUL09:11:24:06 Before 14 13 68 130 34 1 53 100 0.16 291 14.93

194 1994 Geo Prizm Measurement IMStationDriveway 28JUL09:11:24:49 Before 13 15 68 132 33 1 373 396 1.92 339 13.66

197 2000 Honda Accord Selection IMStationDriveway 27JUL09:15:24:34 Before 12 11 89 316 57 1 1 3 0.05 3 15.01

197 2000 Honda Accord Measurement Kipling&470 28JUL09:12:23:04 Before 52 23 71 84 123 3 63 69 0.02 112 15.03

197 2000 Honda Accord Measurement Caryl&470 28JUL09:12:27:49 Before 34 18 64 968 144 3 39 -30 0.02 -59 15.04

197 2000 Honda Accord Measurement Kipling&470 28JUL09:12:29:58 Before 54 29 71 107 135 3 55 -32 0.01 -25 15.04

197 2000 Honda Accord Measurement Caryl&470 28JUL09:12:34:06 Before 37 22 64 979 145 3 91 -41 -0.01 -2 15.06

197 2000 Honda Accord Measurement IMStationDriveway 28JUL09:12:51:06 Before 13 13 72 185 59 2 1 -2 0.01 21 15.05

197 2000 Honda Accord Measurement IMStationDriveway 28JUL09:12:52:05 Before 13 12 72 187 52 1 10 12 0.06 -15 15.01

203.205 1991 Jeep Wrangler Selection IMStationDriveway 28JUL09:11:19:32 Before 12 9 68 118 5863 7 4766 2190 0.05 91 14.87

203.205 1991 Jeep Wrangler Measurement Caryl&470 28JUL09:14:15:27 Before 31 16 72 1296 850 6 1652 1031 0.07 104 14.95

203.205 1991 Jeep Wrangler Measurement Kipling&470 28JUL09:14:18:41 Before 52 30 75 426 247 4 918 462 0.15 407 14.90

203.205 1991 Jeep Wrangler Measurement Caryl&470 28JUL09:14:22:58 Before 33 17 72 1315 517 5 838 381 0.09 34 14.96

203.205 1991 Jeep Wrangler Measurement Kipling&470 28JUL09:14:26:52 Before 52 13 75 452 190 4 921 663 0.08 674 14.94

203.205 1991 Jeep Wrangler Measurement IMStationDriveway 28JUL09:14:42:44 Before 11 7 72 273 347 5 390 236 0.14 43 14.94

203.205 1991 Jeep Wrangler Measurement IMStationDriveway 28JUL09:14:43:44 Before 10 9 72 275 285 5 460 205 0.14 58 14.94

203.205 1991 Jeep Wrangler Measurement IMStationDriveway 31JUL09:11:41:17 After 9 6 88 122 168 4 226 172 0.97 57 14.35

203.205 1991 Jeep Wrangler Measurement IMStationDriveway 31JUL09:11:42:31 After 11 6 88 123 114 3 51 55 0.27 48 14.86

212 1977 Ford Econoline Selection IMStationDriveway 28JUL09:15:18:32 Before 14 15 73 290 1104 7 1308 264 3.53 505 12.47

212 1977 Ford Econoline Measurement Kipling&470 28JUL09:16:33:07 Before 48 19 76 842 214 4 907 665 3.99 821 12.14

212 1977 Ford Econoline Measurement Caryl&470 28JUL09:16:37:05 Before 32 11 71 1710 428 5 1148 853 2.79 1111 12.98

212 1977 Ford Econoline Measurement Kipling&470 28JUL09:16:40:23 Before 48 17 75 884 291 5 873 580 4.71 538 11.63

212 1977 Ford Econoline Measurement Caryl&470 28JUL09:16:45:10 Before 35 17 71 1746 1046 7 663 18 2.46 460 13.25

212 1977 Ford Econoline Measurement IMStationDriveway 28JUL09:16:54:42 Before 12 7 72 346 168 4 924 578 2.36 924 13.30

212 1977 Ford Econoline Measurement IMStationDriveway 28JUL09:16:56:00 Before 13 8 72 348 254 4 1106 759 2.36 939 13.29

213 1979 Dodge D-150 Selection IMStationDriveway 28JUL09:15:25:34 Before 11 9 72 293 1442 7 8544 4998 3.78 1309 12.04

213 1979 Dodge D-150 Measurement Kipling&470 29JUL09:09:17:36 Before 49 19 65 184 740 5 7526 5788 4.30 1160 11.70

213 1979 Dodge D-150 Measurement Caryl&470 29JUL09:09:21:15 Before 33 12 66 108 963 6 4316 3626 1.78 1226 13.60

213 1979 Dodge D-150 Measurement Kipling&470 29JUL09:09:24:57 Before 48 13 66 198 536 5 8695 3896 3.92 1302 11.94

213 1979 Dodge D-150 Measurement Caryl&470 29JUL09:09:29:49 Before 33 16 67 136 490 5 6308 5502 2.29 1313 13.17

213 1979 Dodge D-150 Measurement IMStationDriveway 29JUL09:09:38:05 Before 10 7 70 38 382 4 7108 6092 4.86 1595 11.30
Table F-2. Selection RSMs and Measurement RSMs for Participating Vehicles (Continued)

F-22

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model Remote Sensing Measurement (RSM)

Type

(Selection;

Measurement)

Location DateTime Timing

(RSM is 

Before Repair 

or 

After Repair)

Speed (mph)VSP (kW/Mg)Temperature (F)VDFEI23EI23 BinHC Method A (ppmC3)HC Method B (ppmC3)CO Method A (%)

NO Method A (ppm)CO2 Method A (%)

213 1979 Dodge D-150 Measurement IMStationDriveway 29JUL09:09:39:15 Before 11 8 70 40 422 4 6361 6236 2.96 1449 12.69

214 2000 Chevrolet S-10 Selection IMStationDriveway 28JUL09:16:07:32 Before 14 15 74 319 560 6 198 -397 -0.07 -69 15.10

214 2000 Chevrolet S-10 Measurement Kipling&470 29JUL09:10:58:56 Before 54 17 73 454 153 4 114 100 0.01 43 15.04

214 2000 Chevrolet S-10 Measurement Caryl&470 29JUL09:11:03:26 Before 37 20 68 452 72 2 23 52 0.03 49 15.03

214 2000 Chevrolet S-10 Measurement Kipling&470 29JUL09:11:06:17 Before 54 24 73 472 106 3 62 65 0.04 162 15.02

214 2000 Chevrolet S-10 Measurement Caryl&470 29JUL09:11:09:51 Before 36 18 66 468 50 1 23 8 0.02 553 15.02

214 2000 Chevrolet S-10 Measurement IMStationDriveway 29JUL09:11:16:23 Before 12 10 74 105 88 2 62 46 0.04 -16 15.02

214 2000 Chevrolet S-10 Measurement IMStationDriveway 29JUL09:11:17:22 Before 12 8 74 107 144 3 65 18 0.03 -4 15.03

217 1994 Ford Ranger Selection IMStationDriveway 28JUL09:17:00:31 Before 15 19 72 349 356 5 432 373 0.18 2093 14.83

217 1994 Ford Ranger Measurement Caryl&470 29JUL09:13:25:59 Before 33 20 66 932 56 1 97 80 0.54 516 14.65

217 1994 Ford Ranger Measurement Kipling&470 29JUL09:13:28:53 Before 52 24 71 145 119 3 110 77 0.08 4111 14.84

217 1994 Ford Ranger Measurement Caryl&470 29JUL09:13:33:30 Before 33 22 67 958 77 2 71 49 0.75 13 14.52

217 1994 Ford Ranger Measurement Kipling&470 29JUL09:13:36:09 Before 53 6 71 164 120 3 268 220 4.52 178 11.80

217 1994 Ford Ranger Measurement IMStationDriveway 29JUL09:13:43:32 Before 13 16 72 179 192 4 141 168 0.27 689 14.83

217 1994 Ford Ranger Measurement IMStationDriveway 29JUL09:13:44:34 Before 14 21 72 181 755 6 404 309 0.15 755 14.91

218 1990 VW Cabriolet Selection IMStationDriveway 29JUL09:08:45:39 Before 13 16 63 10 50 1 68 64 0.27 321 14.84

218 1990 VW Cabriolet Measurement Kipling&470 29JUL09:10:20:26 Before 53 15 70 350 149 4 10 -200 0.43 844 14.71

218 1990 VW Cabriolet Measurement Caryl&470 29JUL09:10:24:45 Before 34 20 72 325 80 2 53 1 0.20 202 14.90

218 1990 VW Cabriolet Measurement Kipling&470 29JUL09:10:27:40 Before 52 19 72 372 221 4 . 128 . . .

218 1990 VW Cabriolet Measurement Caryl&470 29JUL09:10:32:13 Before 34 17 72 356 59 2 . 118 . . .

218 1990 VW Cabriolet Measurement IMStationDriveway 29JUL09:10:39:23 Before 14 15 76 80 68 2 146 -55 0.25 338 14.86

218 1990 VW Cabriolet Measurement IMStationDriveway 29JUL09:10:40:32 Before 12 11 76 81 64 2 152 6 0.12 56 14.96

219 1991 Lexus LS400 Selection IMStationDriveway 29JUL09:10:23:03 Before 15 18 75 69 96 3 7 4 0.06 686 14.98

219 1991 Lexus LS400 Measurement Kipling&470 29JUL09:14:16:56 Before 56 19 71 262 150 3 49 16 0.09 888 14.96

219 1991 Lexus LS400 Measurement Caryl&470 29JUL09:14:25:40 Before 34 19 69 1080 89 2 21 -2 0.46 40 14.72

219 1991 Lexus LS400 Measurement Kipling&470 29JUL09:14:28:48 Before 55 19 71 299 231 4 -18 -129 0.12 1522 14.92

219 1991 Lexus LS400 Measurement Caryl&470 29JUL09:14:33:27 Before 37 21 69 1095 75 2 4 12 0.07 194 14.99

219 1991 Lexus LS400 Measurement IMStationDriveway 29JUL09:14:41:23 Before 13 12 73 213 72 2 5 14 0.04 263 15.01

219 1991 Lexus LS400 Measurement IMStationDriveway 29JUL09:14:43:15 Before 12 15 73 219 91 3 12 12 0.09 386 14.98

220 1994 Toyota Tacoma Selection IMStationDriveway 29JUL09:11:40:57 Before 13 12 71 118 173 4 59 -8 0.05 48 15.01

220 1994 Toyota Tacoma Measurement Kipling&470 29JUL09:15:19:20 Before 53 22 73 433 153 4 109 81 3.51 31 12.53

220 1994 Toyota Tacoma Measurement Caryl&470 29JUL09:15:24:33 Before 36 22 72 1232 42 1 18 3 0.01 305 15.03

220 1994 Toyota Tacoma Measurement Caryl&470 29JUL09:15:32:26 Before 33 20 71 1256 85 2 2 23 0.03 615 15.01

220 1994 Toyota Tacoma Measurement Kipling&470 29JUL09:15:36:08 Before 52 19 74 478 154 4 123 87 0.27 36 14.86

220 1994 Toyota Tacoma Measurement IMStationDriveway 29JUL09:15:43:45 Before 12 13 75 256 47 1 -5 -12 0.02 45 15.04

220 1994 Toyota Tacoma Measurement IMStationDriveway 29JUL09:15:44:54 Before 14 16 75 258 79 2 15 28 0.01 96 15.05
Table F-2. Selection RSMs and Measurement RSMs for Participating Vehicles (Continued)

F-23

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model Remote Sensing Measurement (RSM)

Type

(Selection;

Measurement)

Location DateTime Timing

(RSM is 

Before Repair 

or 

After Repair)

Speed (mph)VSP (kW/Mg)Temperature (F)VDFEI23EI23 BinHC Method A (ppmC3)HC Method B (ppmC3)CO Method A (%)

NO Method A (ppm)CO2 Method A (%)

221 1994 Ford Bronco Selection IMStationDriveway 29JUL09:10:37:10 Before 15 20 76 76 61 2 193 129 2.59 303 13.18

221 1994 Ford Bronco Measurement Kipling&470 29JUL09:11:56:03 Before 52 17 73 585 91 2 287 291 5.00 377 11.45

221 1994 Ford Bronco Measurement Caryl&470 29JUL09:11:59:45 Before 34 16 65 669 60 2 79 64 0.15 356 14.93

221 1994 Ford Bronco Measurement Kipling&470 29JUL09:12:03:39 Before 55 24 73 611 133 3 328 234 4.21 344 12.02

221 1994 Ford Bronco Measurement Caryl&470 29JUL09:12:07:17 Before 36 17 65 702 50 1 -3 -36 0.17 -78 14.93

221 1994 Ford Bronco Measurement IMStationDriveway 29JUL09:12:16:12 Before 13 10 71 141 100 3 203 208 1.46 136 14.00

221 1994 Ford Bronco Measurement IMStationDriveway 29JUL09:12:17:19 Before 11 8 71 143 93 3 4 -79 0.08 235 14.99

232 1992 Ford Explorer Selection IMStationDriveway 30JUL09:11:54:57 Before 14 14 58 85 118 3 53 -95 0.04 2316 14.94

232 1992 Ford Explorer Measurement Kipling&470 30JUL09:13:17:31 Before 55 19 63 94 104 3 126 171 1.61 222 13.89

232 1992 Ford Explorer Measurement Caryl&470 30JUL09:13:20:19 Before 35 17 55 463 399 5 249 -63 0.07 1975 14.93

232 1992 Ford Explorer Measurement Kipling&470 30JUL09:13:23:32 Before 54 19 63 112 141 3 110 117 1.49 109 13.98

232 1992 Ford Explorer Measurement Caryl&470 30JUL09:13:26:36 Before 35 24 55 488 367 5 241 153 1.77 19 13.78

232 1992 Ford Explorer Measurement IMStationDriveway 30JUL09:13:32:56 Before 14 10 61 147 113 3 71 12 0.06 190 15.00

232 1992 Ford Explorer Measurement IMStationDriveway 30JUL09:13:34:12 Before 12 10 61 149 181 4 116 -6 0.11 2330 14.89

238 1993 Jeep Wrangler Selection IMStationDriveway 30JUL09:15:45:28 Before 13 9 72 203 378 5 758 522 0.10 123 14.96

238 1993 Jeep Wrangler Measurement Caryl&470 30JUL09:16:53:08 Before 36 18 66 948 368 5 299 -324 0.24 177 14.87

238 1993 Jeep Wrangler Measurement Kipling&470 30JUL09:16:57:48 Before 53 25 67 502 310 5 272 135 1.03 1188 14.26

238 1993 Jeep Wrangler Measurement Caryl&470 30JUL09:17:01:06 Before 37 21 67 974 268 5 188 -99 0.06 181 15.00

238 1993 Jeep Wrangler Measurement Kipling&470 30JUL09:17:05:02 Before 54 22 67 535 226 4 301 482 0.34 893 14.77

238 1993 Jeep Wrangler Measurement IMStationDriveway 30JUL09:17:11:35 Before 11 6 72 242 130 3 99 24 0.08 95 14.99

238 1993 Jeep Wrangler Measurement IMStationDriveway 30JUL09:17:12:44 Before 12 9 72 244 158 4 94 43 0.18 147 14.92

246 2003 Chevrolet Suburban Selection IMStationDriveway 31JUL09:08:58:44 Before 16 16 71 20 46 1 7 -68 0.14 307 14.94

246 2003 Chevrolet Suburban Measurement Caryl&470 31JUL09:10:02:52 Before 36 16 85 546 278 5 166 27 0.05 5 15.01

246 2003 Chevrolet Suburban Measurement Caryl&470 31JUL09:10:10:20 Before 35 17 85 566 349 5 296 238 0.14 9 14.94

246 2003 Chevrolet Suburban Measurement Caryl&470 31JUL09:10:33:52 Before 57 24 88 652 186 4 144 21 0.17 395 14.92

246 2003 Chevrolet Suburban Measurement Caryl&470 31JUL09:10:41:25 Before 58 24 88 679 291 5 395 130 0.56 216 14.63

246 2003 Chevrolet Suburban Measurement IMStationDriveway 31JUL09:10:47:23 Before 12 10 83 76 67 2 33 -29 0.19 58 14.91

246 2003 Chevrolet Suburban Measurement IMStationDriveway 31JUL09:10:48:36 Before 12 10 85 79 124 3 18 -32 0.30 56 14.84

249 1997 BMW 328i Selection IMStationDriveway 31JUL09:11:55:24 Before 14 17 87 130 51 1 105 106 0.43 501 14.73

249 1997 BMW 328i Measurement Kipling&470 31JUL09:12:56:04 Before 53 20 82 159 142 3 78 -8 0.07 333 14.99

249 1997 BMW 328i Measurement Caryl&470 31JUL09:13:00:02 Before 32 20 86 1175 458 5 262 82 -0.01 236 15.04

249 1997 BMW 328i Measurement Kipling&470 31JUL09:13:03:31 Before 53 24 82 189 202 4 144 59 0.03 1225 14.98

249 1997 BMW 328i Measurement Caryl&470 31JUL09:13:06:54 Before 34 22 90 1199 520 6 170 58 0.01 138 15.03

249 1997 BMW 328i Measurement IMStationDriveway 31JUL09:13:13:59 Before 12 12 86 172 116 3 24 1 0.12 32 14.97

249 1997 BMW 328i Measurement IMStationDriveway 31JUL09:13:15:04 Before 12 11 86 174 82 2 16 33 0.21 38 14.90

252 2002 Toyota Tacoma Selection IMStationDriveway 31JUL09:14:58:55 Before 16 19 74 223 39 1 -59 -37 0.10 71 14.98
Table F-2. Selection RSMs and Measurement RSMs for Participating Vehicles (Continued)

F-24

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model Remote Sensing Measurement (RSM)

Type

(Selection;

Measurement)

Location DateTime Timing

(RSM is 

Before Repair 

or 

After Repair)

Speed (mph)VSP (kW/Mg)Temperature (F)VDFEI23EI23 BinHC Method A (ppmC3)HC Method B (ppmC3)CO Method A (%)

NO Method A (ppm)CO2 Method A (%)

252 2002 Toyota Tacoma Measurement Caryl&470 31JUL09:16:05:09 Before 34 18 78 1664 169 4 94 10 0.04 32 15.02

252 2002 Toyota Tacoma Measurement Kipling&470 31JUL09:16:09:01 Before 54 18 78 796 147 3 67 58 0.00 -7 15.05

252 2002 Toyota Tacoma Measurement Caryl&470 31JUL09:16:13:05 Before 36 21 79 1692 213 4 73 -59 0.02 -44 15.04

252 2002 Toyota Tacoma Measurement Kipling&470 31JUL09:16:17:12 Before 53 17 78 835 121 3 72 -194 0.04 150 15.02

252 2002 Toyota Tacoma Measurement IMStationDriveway 31JUL09:16:23:54 Before 11 9 79 272 142 3 52 -12 0.06 37 15.01

252 2002 Toyota Tacoma Measurement IMStationDriveway 31JUL09:16:24:59 Before 10 9 79 273 136 3 29 -53 0.03 59 15.03

255 2004 Lexus RX330 Selection IMStationDriveway 31JUL09:15:36:01 Before 15 24 75 243 89 2 10 1 1.84 -10 13.74

255 2004 Lexus RX330 Measurement Kipling&470 31JUL09:16:49:56 Before 52 9 79 968 123 3 37 11 0.08 49 14.99

255 2004 Lexus RX330 Measurement Caryl&470 31JUL09:16:53:13 Before 35 20 76 1843 263 4 50 -35 0.00 9 15.05

255 2004 Lexus RX330 Measurement Kipling&470 31JUL09:16:57:52 Before 54 22 79 996 107 3 -87 -169 0.02 -8 15.04

255 2004 Lexus RX330 Measurement Caryl&470 31JUL09:17:01:05 Before 35 19 74 1871 188 4 78 54 -0.02 10 15.07

255 2004 Lexus RX330 Measurement IMStationDriveway 31JUL09:17:08:34 Before 12 13 78 285 116 3 21 -9 0.00 15 15.05

255 2004 Lexus RX330 Measurement IMStationDriveway 31JUL09:17:09:32 Before 12 13 78 286 180 4 25 -34 0.01 -10 15.05

261 1994 GMC Suburban Selection IMStationDriveway 03AUG09:09:33:22 Before 10 5 81 40 97 3 14 0 0.15 2 14.94

261 1994 GMC Suburban Measurement Kipling&470 03AUG09:12:31:18 Before 50 4 92 50 85 2 . -118 . . .

261 1994 GMC Suburban Measurement Kipling&470 03AUG09:12:37:10 Before 52 5 93 66 181 4 277 197 3.77 762 12.32

261 1994 GMC Suburban Measurement Caryl&470 03AUG09:12:39:44 Before 35 20 91 902 126 3 198 185 5.95 69 10.78

261 1994 GMC Suburban Measurement Kipling&470 03AUG09:12:43:23 Before 55 14 93 82 190 4 204 31 3.86 1083 12.24

261 1994 GMC Suburban Measurement Caryl&470 03AUG09:12:45:57 Before 38 21 91 921 103 3 259 190 6.09 90 10.68

261 1994 GMC Suburban Measurement IMStationDriveway 03AUG09:12:53:14 Before 12 12 95 160 174 4 331 246 5.36 145 11.19

261 1994 GMC Suburban Measurement IMStationDriveway 03AUG09:12:54:26 Before 15 11 95 161 126 3 121 37 0.66 25 14.58

262 1984 Nissan 720 Selection IMStationDriveway 03AUG09:09:49:36 Before 10 10 83 48 104 3 235 553 0.51 1124 14.64

262 1984 Nissan 720 Measurement Kipling&470 03AUG09:13:45:16 Before 45 22 92 268 184 4 206 104 3.50 1486 12.48

262 1984 Nissan 720 Measurement Caryl&470 03AUG09:13:48:26 Before 40 23 93 1107 70 2 394 298 2.55 2093 13.14

262 1984 Nissan 720 Measurement Kipling&470 03AUG09:13:53:15 Before 45 26 92 291 208 4 228 123 4.25 1420 11.95

262 1984 Nissan 720 Measurement Caryl&470 03AUG09:13:56:00 Before 36 21 94 1127 81 2 377 243 2.00 1899 13.54

262 1984 Nissan 720 Measurement IMStationDriveway 03AUG09:14:03:02 Before 11 9 98 196 55 1 555 -21 0.33 593 14.78

262 1984 Nissan 720 Measurement IMStationDriveway 03AUG09:14:04:40 Before 12 8 98 199 220 4 538 -164 0.75 373 14.48

263 1997 Honda Accord Selection IMStationDriveway 03AUG09:10:02:01 Before 14 18 85 50 76 2 . 9 . . .

263 1997 Honda Accord Measurement Kipling&470 03AUG09:11:15:05 Before 52 6 99 358 200 4 . -274 . . .

263 1997 Honda Accord Measurement Caryl&470 03AUG09:11:22:09 Before 35 24 92 645 98 3 22 34 0.08 55 15.00

263 1997 Honda Accord Measurement Kipling&470 03AUG09:11:25:54 Before 51 20 99 390 209 4 30 -22 0.19 21 14.92

263 1997 Honda Accord Measurement Caryl&470 03AUG09:11:29:38 Before 37 25 92 672 81 2 -3 -12 0.02 1464 14.99

263 1997 Honda Accord Measurement IMStationDriveway 03AUG09:11:43:18 Before 14 15 95 125 39 1 22 -7 0.12 54 14.96

263 1997 Honda Accord Measurement IMStationDriveway 03AUG09:11:44:32 Before 13 15 95 127 49 1 -23 -21 0.13 113 14.96

266 2002 Chevrolet Tahoe Selection IMStationDriveway 03AUG09:11:16:59 Before 13 17 93 102 91 2 49 51 1.05 65 14.30
Table F-2. Selection RSMs and Measurement RSMs for Participating Vehicles (Continued)

F-25

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model Remote Sensing Measurement (RSM)

Type

(Selection;

Measurement)

Location DateTime Timing

(RSM is 

Before Repair 

or 

After Repair)

Speed (mph)VSP (kW/Mg)Temperature (F)VDFEI23EI23 BinHC Method A (ppmC3)HC Method B (ppmC3)CO Method A (%)

NO Method A (ppm)CO2 Method A (%)

266 2002 Chevrolet Tahoe Measurement Caryl&470 12AUG09:09:48:43 Before 37 22 86 472 212 4 71 -23 0.03 146 15.03

266 2002 Chevrolet Tahoe Measurement Caryl&470 12AUG09:09:54:53 Before 37 22 87 493 208 4 136 -159 0.06 248 14.99

266 2002 Chevrolet Tahoe Measurement Caryl&470 12AUG09:10:01:05 Before 58 28 89 512 271 5 260 -48 0.18 259 14.91

266 2002 Chevrolet Tahoe Measurement Caryl&470 12AUG09:10:07:04 Before 58 37 89 524 181 4 177 161 0.12 758 14.93

266 2002 Chevrolet Tahoe Measurement IMStationDriveway 12AUG09:10:15:56 Before 14 16 82 43 93 3 11 -7 0.04 543 15.01

266 2002 Chevrolet Tahoe Measurement IMStationDriveway 12AUG09:10:17:03 Before 16 17 82 45 77 2 15 9 0.11 111 14.97

271 1997 GMC Sierra Selection IMStationDriveway 03AUG09:13:20:57 Before 12 12 95 171 200 4 88 14 0.09 153 14.98

271 1997 GMC Sierra Measurement Kipling&470 04AUG09:08:37:18 Before 53 19 85 504 103 3 94 112 0.12 535 14.95

271 1997 GMC Sierra Measurement Caryl&470 04AUG09:08:40:47 Before 38 33 77 205 335 5 195 150 0.10 546 14.96

271 1997 GMC Sierra Measurement Kipling&470 04AUG09:08:44:48 Before 53 5 87 527 143 3 66 -25 0.32 278 14.81

271 1997 GMC Sierra Measurement Caryl&470 04AUG09:08:47:37 Before 38 27 77 235 337 5 161 55 0.05 691 14.99

271 1997 GMC Sierra Measurement IMStationDriveway 04AUG09:08:54:36 Before 13 10 72 34 98 3 57 -13 0.07 243 14.99

271 1997 GMC Sierra Measurement IMStationDriveway 04AUG09:08:55:37 Before 14 11 73 36 109 3 51 -14 0.06 308 14.99

278 2002 Dodge Dakota Selection IMStationDriveway 03AUG09:15:20:38 Before 16 19 90 236 105 3 40 15 3.90 2 12.25

278 2002 Dodge Dakota Measurement Kipling&470 04AUG09:11:06:05 Before 54 9 95 871 182 4 301 216 -0.06 60 15.08

278 2002 Dodge Dakota Measurement Caryl&470 04AUG09:11:09:01 Before 39 23 87 662 232 4 145 -153 0.05 -21 15.01

278 2002 Dodge Dakota Measurement Kipling&470 04AUG09:11:12:26 Before 54 21 95 894 412 5 205 -157 1.04 252 14.29

278 2002 Dodge Dakota Measurement Caryl&470 04AUG09:11:16:36 Before 36 20 89 683 310 5 357 -464 0.02 6 15.03

278 2002 Dodge Dakota Measurement IMStationDriveway 04AUG09:11:24:29 Before 13 9 86 112 94 3 17 84 0.03 48 15.03

278 2002 Dodge Dakota Measurement IMStationDriveway 04AUG09:11:25:26 Before 13 12 86 113 71 2 35 -26 0.04 98 15.02

285 1998 Honda CRV Selection IMStationDriveway 04AUG09:14:25:13 Before 12 11 102 135 64 2 3 -17 0.26 230 14.86

285 1998 Honda CRV Measurement Kipling&470 04AUG09:15:32:32 Before 49 21 93 523 92 3 10 -79 0.51 186 14.68

285 1998 Honda CRV Measurement Caryl&470 04AUG09:15:36:49 Before 39 18 93 1490 187 4 5 -79 0.07 90 15.00

285 1998 Honda CRV Measurement Kipling&470 04AUG09:15:41:04 Before 52 20 94 553 160 4 156 7 0.64 396 14.58

285 1998 Honda CRV Measurement Caryl&470 04AUG09:15:45:00 Before 36 19 92 1526 223 4 151 29 0.05 183 15.01

285 1998 Honda CRV Measurement IMStationDriveway 04AUG09:15:53:07 Before 14 13 97 180 67 2 -2 -6 0.21 56 14.90

285 1998 Honda CRV Measurement IMStationDriveway 04AUG09:15:54:18 Before 16 11 97 183 77 2 -18 -28 0.81 36 14.47

290 2005 Acura TSX Selection IMStationDriveway 05AUG09:10:52:01 Before 13 13 83 69 70 2 -3 -2 0.01 4 15.05

290 2005 Acura TSX Measurement Caryl&470 05AUG09:12:11:16 Before 39 25 86 939 343 5 96 -4 0.05 10 15.01

290 2005 Acura TSX Measurement Caryl&470 05AUG09:12:18:34 Before 39 25 86 959 346 5 191 81 0.07 4 15.00

290 2005 Acura TSX Measurement Caryl&470 05AUG09:12:47:31 Before 49 32 90 1049 243 4 166 111 0.02 -20 15.03

290 2005 Acura TSX Measurement Caryl&470 05AUG09:12:53:43 Before 56 40 90 1070 177 4 133 71 0.10 -22 14.98

290 2005 Acura TSX Measurement IMStationDriveway 05AUG09:13:00:38 Before 15 14 93 134 95 3 2 4 0.05 3 15.02

290 2005 Acura TSX Measurement IMStationDriveway 05AUG09:13:01:41 Before 15 9 93 135 91 3 0 3 0.02 -8 15.04

294 1985 Ford F150 Selection IMStationDriveway 05AUG09:13:36:24 Before 15 17 91 148 354 5 827 372 2.62 961 13.12

294 1985 Ford F150 Measurement IMStationDriveway 05AUG09:14:55:11 Before 13 9 101 183 56 1 509 513 4.80 661 11.58
Table F-2. Selection RSMs and Measurement RSMs for Participating Vehicles (Continued)

F-26

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model Remote Sensing Measurement (RSM)

Type

(Selection;

Measurement)

Location DateTime Timing

(RSM is 

Before Repair 

or 

After Repair)

Speed (mph)VSP (kW/Mg)Temperature (F)VDFEI23EI23 BinHC Method A (ppmC3)HC Method B (ppmC3)CO Method A (%)

NO Method A (ppm)CO2 Method A (%)

294 1985 Ford F150 Measurement IMStationDriveway 05AUG09:14:56:15 Before 14 11 101 185 63 2 555 493 3.79 1064 12.28

295 1999 Mazda 626 Selection IMStationDriveway 05AUG09:14:30:21 Before 11 10 95 166 80 2 364 308 5.97 344 10.75

295 1999 Mazda 626 Measurement Kipling&470 05AUG09:16:03:30 Before 54 18 88 627 163 4 373 489 4.35 1523 11.87

295 1999 Mazda 626 Measurement Caryl&470 05AUG09:16:06:54 Before 38 19 89 1647 286 5 184 -261 0.35 163 14.79

295 1999 Mazda 626 Measurement Kipling&470 05AUG09:16:10:35 Before 56 32 88 649 191 4 334 83 4.61 1203 11.69

295 1999 Mazda 626 Measurement Caryl&470 05AUG09:16:14:56 Before 38 19 89 1687 395 5 302 172 0.13 191 14.94

295 1999 Mazda 626 Measurement Kipling&470 05AUG09:16:18:45 Before 54 31 88 679 192 4 446 340 1.95 1398 13.59

295 1999 Mazda 626 Measurement IMStationDriveway 05AUG09:16:26:43 Before 15 14 110 218 70 2 -27 -3 0.03 78 15.03

295 1999 Mazda 626 Measurement IMStationDriveway 05AUG09:16:27:55 Before 13 13 110 220 61 2 -10 16 0.02 1192 15.00

301 1981 GMC Sierra K1500 Selection IMStationDriveway 06AUG09:13:13:14 Before 13 11 93 127 440 5 . -253 . . .

301 1981 GMC Sierra K1500 Measurement IMStationDriveway 07AUG09:09:07:42 Before 12 10 77 42 150 3 1103 808 9.46 336 8.22

301 1981 GMC Sierra K1500 Measurement IMStationDriveway 07AUG09:09:08:45 Before 12 10 77 43 95 2 1612 762 8.19 138 9.13

302 1989 Dodge Pickup Selection IMStationDriveway 06AUG09:13:15:36 Before 13 15 93 130 125 3 246 234 2.80 938 13.01

302 1989 Dodge Pickup Measurement Caryl&470 06AUG09:15:10:38 Before 40 22 80 1209 285 5 298 24 0.35 1456 14.74

302 1989 Dodge Pickup Measurement Caryl&470 06AUG09:15:18:42 Before 36 22 79 1237 336 5 170 93 0.27 1908 14.79

302 1989 Dodge Pickup Measurement Caryl&470 06AUG09:15:26:40 Before 42 17 79 1267 191 4 268 132 3.19 676 12.73

302 1989 Dodge Pickup Measurement Kipling&470 06AUG09:15:30:45 Before 49 11 80 287 120 3 275 278 6.15 213 10.63

302 1989 Dodge Pickup Measurement Caryl&470 06AUG09:15:34:33 Before 52 31 77 1289 439 5 200 84 3.77 549 12.32

302 1989 Dodge Pickup Measurement IMStationDriveway 06AUG09:15:43:15 Before 15 19 79 195 118 3 184 182 3.24 817 12.69

302 1989 Dodge Pickup Measurement IMStationDriveway 06AUG09:15:45:00 Before 14 17 79 197 95 3 193 207 4.41 693 11.86

305 1997 Dodge Ram 1500 Selection IMStationDriveway 07AUG09:08:26:49 Before 13 13 72 20 61 2 -62 -246 0.40 2103 14.69

305 1997 Dodge Ram 1500 Measurement Caryl&470 07AUG09:10:37:32 Before 36 19 90 607 420 5 530 -961 0.08 3879 14.84

305 1997 Dodge Ram 1500 Measurement Kipling&470 07AUG09:10:40:27 Before 53 27 83 422 174 4 85 72 0.76 1919 14.44

305 1997 Dodge Ram 1500 Measurement Caryl&470 07AUG09:10:43:38 Before 36 22 90 633 291 5 371 -109 0.07 3580 14.86

305 1997 Dodge Ram 1500 Measurement Kipling&470 07AUG09:10:46:42 Before 54 18 83 449 151 3 80 147 1.61 1989 13.83

305 1997 Dodge Ram 1500 Measurement IMStationDriveway 07AUG09:10:54:19 Before 14 9 85 99 72 2 3 -8 0.00 2910 14.95

305 1997 Dodge Ram 1500 Measurement IMStationDriveway 07AUG09:10:55:42 Before 15 13 86 103 101 3 65 100 0.34 2335 14.73

306 1967 Chevrolet Chevelle Selection IMStationDriveway 06AUG09:15:18:00 Before 14 11 84 182 189 4 1176 764 8.40 292 8.99

306 1967 Chevrolet Chevelle Measurement IMStationDriveway 06AUG09:16:31:15 Before 14 13 74 222 368 5 1473 1313 7.64 614 9.51

306 1967 Chevrolet Chevelle Measurement IMStationDriveway 06AUG09:16:32:10 Before 17 13 74 224 152 3 1303 1156 8.19 693 9.12

309 2001 Nissan Sentra Selection IMStationDriveway 07AUG09:13:11:58 Before 8 9 98 177 506 5 1399 865 -0.01 2098 14.94

309 2001 Nissan Sentra Measurement Caryl&470 07AUG09:14:37:23 Before 37 20 98 1380 231 4 266 213 0.06 3654 14.87

309 2001 Nissan Sentra Measurement Kipling&470 07AUG09:14:40:33 Before 50 16 89 1222 158 4 . 320 . . .

309 2001 Nissan Sentra Measurement Caryl&470 07AUG09:14:43:43 Before 36 20 97 1405 461 5 517 280 0.02 1015 14.99

309 2001 Nissan Sentra Measurement Kipling&470 07AUG09:14:46:47 Before . . 89 1245 159 3 . 652 . . .

309 2001 Nissan Sentra Measurement IMStationDriveway 07AUG09:14:54:53 Before 16 16 110 231 506 5 859 302 0.12 4098 14.79
Table F-2. Selection RSMs and Measurement RSMs for Participating Vehicles (Continued)

F-27

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model Remote Sensing Measurement (RSM)

Type

(Selection;

Measurement)

Location DateTime Timing

(RSM is 

Before Repair 

or 

After Repair)

Speed (mph)VSP (kW/Mg)Temperature (F)VDFEI23EI23 BinHC Method A (ppmC3)HC Method B (ppmC3)CO Method A (%)

NO Method A (ppm)CO2 Method A (%)

309 2001 Nissan Sentra Measurement IMStationDriveway 07AUG09:14:55:48 Before 13 13 110 234 251 4 388 219 0.09 3307 14.86

311 2002 VW Passat Selection IMStationDriveway 07AUG09:14:36:53 Before 7 8 110 227 160 4 7 -34 0.03 29 15.03

311 2002 VW Passat Measurement Kipling&470 07AUG09:15:48:38 Before 54 22 90 1448 152 3 185 174 0.02 -10 15.04

311 2002 VW Passat Measurement Caryl&470 07AUG09:15:52:48 Before 36 19 93 1584 349 5 201 81 0.01 26 15.04

311 2002 VW Passat Measurement Kipling&470 07AUG09:15:56:51 Before 53 18 90 1495 217 4 . -81 . . .

311 2002 VW Passat Measurement Caryl&470 07AUG09:16:00:47 Before 35 18 95 1615 244 4 140 12 0.03 57 15.02

311 2002 VW Passat Measurement IMStationDriveway 07AUG09:16:09:26 Before 15 17 110 271 107 3 1 -12 0.17 -4 14.93

311 2002 VW Passat Measurement IMStationDriveway 07AUG09:16:10:17 Before 14 10 110 272 110 3 18 37 0.06 9 15.01

316 2003 Hyundai Accent Selection IMStationDriveway 07AUG09:16:14:44 Before 12 14 110 273 1164 7 1846 -2780 0.05 2429 14.87

316 2003 Hyundai Accent Measurement Caryl&470 10AUG09:09:10:57 Before 32 33 70 262 55 1 203 125 0.06 151 15.00

316 2003 Hyundai Accent Measurement Kipling&470 10AUG09:09:14:04 Before 53 26 73 571 115 3 . 702 . . .

316 2003 Hyundai Accent Measurement Kipling&470 10AUG09:09:20:22 Before 54 10 74 582 123 3 . 593 . . .

316 2003 Hyundai Accent Measurement Caryl&470 10AUG09:09:23:13 Before 36 26 70 302 87 2 41 -24 0.04 18 15.02

316 2003 Hyundai Accent Measurement IMStationDriveway 10AUG09:09:33:02 Before 10 7 71 31 167 4 244 -772 0.44 306 14.72

316 2003 Hyundai Accent Measurement IMStationDriveway 10AUG09:09:34:15 Before 9 3 71 33 802 5 . -8466 . . .

320 2004 Chevrolet Cavalier Selection IMStationDriveway 10AUG09:09:38:42 Before 12 18 71 35 53 1 16 16 2.22 -19 13.46

320 2004 Chevrolet Cavalier Measurement Kipling&470 10AUG09:10:34:41 Before 53 10 77 778 164 4 . 123 . . .

320 2004 Chevrolet Cavalier Measurement Kipling&470 10AUG09:10:40:37 Before 52 19 78 796 223 4 354 141 0.07 147 14.99

320 2004 Chevrolet Cavalier Measurement Caryl&470 10AUG09:10:43:11 Before 33 22 73 523 119 3 -15 -32 0.07 -24 15.00

320 2004 Chevrolet Cavalier Measurement Caryl&470 10AUG09:10:50:36 Before 36 22 73 546 87 2 -34 -55 0.03 7 15.04

320 2004 Chevrolet Cavalier Measurement IMStationDriveway 10AUG09:10:58:31 Before 14 14 76 71 107 3 16 -47 0.06 7 15.01

320 2004 Chevrolet Cavalier Measurement IMStationDriveway 10AUG09:10:59:51 Before 13 10 76 76 70 2 -1 12 0.02 -32 15.04

321 1997 Chevrolet S-10 Selection IMStationDriveway 10AUG09:10:13:27 Before 9 11 73 50 1839 7 3733 -1367 0.45 1989 14.55

321 1997 Chevrolet S-10 Measurement Caryl&470 10AUG09:12:11:51 Before 34 25 78 806 232 4 1692 1360 0.36 1403 14.69

321 1997 Chevrolet S-10 Measurement Caryl&470 10AUG09:12:18:09 Before 33 23 79 825 459 5 1298 653 0.32 958 14.75

321 1997 Chevrolet S-10 Measurement Kipling&470 10AUG09:12:29:16 Before 53 3 83 1044 416 5 . 3877 . . .

321 1997 Chevrolet S-10 Measurement Caryl&470 10AUG09:12:31:42 Before 55 34 80 854 114 3 1445 1197 5.92 671 10.74

321 1997 Chevrolet S-10 Measurement IMStationDriveway 10AUG09:12:41:00 Before 15 15 86 124 785 6 2266 1175 0.41 1187 14.65

321 1997 Chevrolet S-10 Measurement IMStationDriveway 10AUG09:12:42:00 Before 15 15 88 126 1151 7 1671 1802 0.45 975 14.64

321 1997 Chevrolet S-10 Measurement IMStationDriveway 17AUG09:10:54:47 After 13 11 71 89 78 2 200 113 0.64 1540 14.54

321 1997 Chevrolet S-10 Measurement IMStationDriveway 17AUG09:10:55:38 After 12 9 71 90 93 3 202 66 0.35 465 14.78

325 2000 Chevrolet Prizm Selection IMStationDriveway 10AUG09:15:35:52 Before 12 15 100 224 75 2 -12 -14 0.02 1674 14.98

325 2000 Chevrolet Prizm Measurement Kipling&470 11AUG09:09:19:22 Before 50 23 75 122 108 3 . -108 . . .

325 2000 Chevrolet Prizm Measurement Caryl&470 11AUG09:09:21:52 Before 34 25 73 206 60 2 37 -10 0.02 2290 14.95

325 2000 Chevrolet Prizm Measurement Kipling&470 11AUG09:09:25:29 Before 52 11 76 137 139 3 . -162 . . .

325 2000 Chevrolet Prizm Measurement Caryl&470 11AUG09:09:29:12 Before 35 22 74 231 57 1 12 3 0.01 101 15.04
Table F-2. Selection RSMs and Measurement RSMs for Participating Vehicles (Continued)

F-28

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model Remote Sensing Measurement (RSM)

Type

(Selection;

Measurement)

Location DateTime Timing

(RSM is 

Before Repair 

or 

After Repair)

Speed (mph)VSP (kW/Mg)Temperature (F)VDFEI23EI23 BinHC Method A (ppmC3)HC Method B (ppmC3)CO Method A (%)

NO Method A (ppm)CO2 Method A (%)

325 2000 Chevrolet Prizm Measurement IMStationDriveway 11AUG09:09:37:20 Before 13 16 75 34 84 2 10 21 0.11 155 14.97

325 2000 Chevrolet Prizm Measurement IMStationDriveway 11AUG09:09:38:17 Before 14 15 75 35 66 2 2 4 0.03 160 15.02

327 1981 BMW 320i Selection IMStationDriveway 10AUG09:14:49:37 Before 9 9 89 195 1253 7 . 3332 . . .

327 1981 BMW 320i Measurement Kipling&470 10AUG09:17:05:19 Before 47 13 86 835 126 3 . 663 . . .

327 1981 BMW 320i Measurement Caryl&470 10AUG09:17:08:16 Before 35 17 90 1660 72 2 235 194 2.06 281 13.56

327 1981 BMW 320i Measurement Kipling&470 10AUG09:17:13:17 Before 48 20 85 880 134 3 445 415 2.23 690 13.42

327 1981 BMW 320i Measurement Caryl&470 10AUG09:17:16:10 Before 33 16 87 1689 90 2 136 99 1.28 479 14.11

327 1981 BMW 320i Measurement IMStationDriveway 10AUG09:17:25:35 Before 10 6 94 266 208 4 571 326 0.33 1115 14.76

327 1981 BMW 320i Measurement IMStationDriveway 10AUG09:17:26:47 Before 11 7 94 268 234 4 755 16 0.37 1241 14.72

329 1969 Jeep Commando Selection IMStationDriveway 11AUG09:09:42:19 Before 12 16 75 38 801 6 1358 -648 5.77 741 10.85

329 1969 Jeep Commando Measurement Kipling&470 11AUG09:10:38:23 Before 49 22 82 329 220 4 849 673 4.31 894 11.91

329 1969 Jeep Commando Measurement Caryl&470 11AUG09:10:41:47 Before 41 25 81 447 57 1 519 457 4.18 802 12.01

329 1969 Jeep Commando Measurement Kipling&470 11AUG09:10:45:23 Before 53 28 83 356 271 4 769 464 6.29 478 10.51

329 1969 Jeep Commando Measurement Caryl&470 11AUG09:10:47:58 Before 40 10 82 471 164 4 1287 458 7.28 540 9.78

329 1969 Jeep Commando Measurement IMStationDriveway 11AUG09:10:55:53 Before 13 17 84 64 1987 7 1530 623 5.20 592 11.26

329 1969 Jeep Commando Measurement IMStationDriveway 11AUG09:10:56:56 Before 15 18 84 66 1708 7 1709 373 4.48 744 11.76

331 1994 Chevrolet Blazer Selection IMStationDriveway 11AUG09:11:01:46 Before 12 7 84 70 118 3 658 329 0.03 26 15.01

331 1994 Chevrolet Blazer Measurement Kipling&470 11AUG09:12:19:43 Before 51 16 88 596 232 4 149 -155 0.07 330 14.99

331 1994 Chevrolet Blazer Measurement Caryl&470 11AUG09:12:23:06 Before 34 18 87 797 104 3 38 90 0.04 1355 14.97

331 1994 Chevrolet Blazer Measurement Kipling&470 11AUG09:12:28:09 Before 48 20 88 626 253 4 230 393 0.06 516 14.99

331 1994 Chevrolet Blazer Measurement Caryl&470 11AUG09:12:30:53 Before 30 20 88 826 108 3 325 260 0.07 604 14.97

331 1994 Chevrolet Blazer Measurement IMStationDriveway 11AUG09:12:39:23 Before 13 13 93 116 753 6 1206 1067 0.04 82 14.98

331 1994 Chevrolet Blazer Measurement IMStationDriveway 11AUG09:12:40:36 Before 13 11 93 117 817 6 1443 967 0.03 269 14.98

337 2001 Nissan Xterra Selection IMStationDriveway 11AUG09:15:12:11 Before 17 25 110 186 79 2 12 -3 1.05 7 14.30

337 2001 Nissan Xterra Measurement Kipling&470 11AUG09:16:53:47 Before 53 33 89 802 168 4 100 94 4.96 371 11.48

337 2001 Nissan Xterra Measurement Caryl&470 11AUG09:16:56:05 Before 39 26 105 1616 66 2 3 93 0.10 -46 14.98

337 2001 Nissan Xterra Measurement Kipling&470 11AUG09:17:00:55 Before 53 19 89 840 167 4 100 -127 0.39 120 14.77

337 2001 Nissan Xterra Measurement Caryl&470 11AUG09:17:04:34 Before 38 32 105 1650 72 2 23 51 3.14 33 12.80

337 2001 Nissan Xterra Measurement IMStationDriveway 11AUG09:17:12:59 Before 14 12 118 248 53 1 4 -12 0.14 136 14.95

337 2001 Nissan Xterra Measurement IMStationDriveway 11AUG09:17:14:03 Before 14 12 118 249 63 2 -4 -6 0.23 11 14.89

339 1994 Toyota 4Runner Selection IMStationDriveway 11AUG09:15:59:53 Before 15 18 113 220 124 3 330 246 3.06 270 12.84

339 1994 Toyota 4Runner Measurement Kipling&470 12AUG09:11:22:17 Before 51 14 94 190 139 3 188 227 2.33 93 13.37

339 1994 Toyota 4Runner Measurement Caryl&470 12AUG09:11:24:56 Before 35 18 97 791 250 4 244 -134 0.04 773 14.99

339 1994 Toyota 4Runner Measurement Kipling&470 12AUG09:11:27:53 Before 50 23 94 205 181 4 183 114 4.28 572 11.96

339 1994 Toyota 4Runner Measurement Kipling&470 12AUG09:11:35:56 Before 35 17 94 225 172 4 106 35 0.03 1126 14.99

339 1994 Toyota 4Runner Measurement IMStationDriveway 12AUG09:11:44:06 Before 14 12 93 102 56 1 81 25 0.37 79 14.78
Table F-2. Selection RSMs and Measurement RSMs for Participating Vehicles (Continued)

F-29

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model Remote Sensing Measurement (RSM)

Type

(Selection;

Measurement)

Location DateTime Timing

(RSM is 

Before Repair 

or 

After Repair)

Speed (mph)VSP (kW/Mg)Temperature (F)VDFEI23EI23 BinHC Method A (ppmC3)HC Method B (ppmC3)CO Method A (%)

NO Method A (ppm)CO2 Method A (%)

339 1994 Toyota 4Runner Measurement IMStationDriveway 12AUG09:11:44:58 Before 14 15 93 103 109 3 18 -28 0.05 1853 14.95

343 1991 VW Golf Selection IMStationDriveway 12AUG09:10:19:47 Before 10 11 83 46 609 6 600 441 0.07 341 14.98

343 1991 VW Golf Measurement Caryl&470 12AUG09:13:01:09 Before 36 21 95 1099 265 5 61 -31 0.12 646 14.95

343 1991 VW Golf Measurement Kipling&470 12AUG09:13:04:48 Before 49 6 93 93 136 3 . 335 . . .

343 1991 VW Golf Measurement Caryl&470 12AUG09:13:07:28 Before 35 22 97 1123 187 4 139 17 0.17 363 14.92

343 1991 VW Golf Measurement Kipling&470 12AUG09:13:10:47 Before 50 9 93 117 159 3 . 777 . . .

343 1991 VW Golf Measurement IMStationDriveway 12AUG09:13:19:22 Before 16 20 104 147 582 6 888 562 0.18 841 14.86

343 1991 VW Golf Measurement IMStationDriveway 12AUG09:13:20:05 Before 13 16 104 148 962 6 720 594 0.18 384 14.89

348.432 1990 Dodge Ram Charger Selection IMStationDriveway 12AUG09:12:33:26 Before 12 8 97 124 308 5 382 292 0.72 1300 14.48

348.432 1990 Dodge Ram Charger Measurement IMStationDriveway 12AUG09:14:40:04 Before 12 8 101 181 115 3 470 406 1.39 1240 14.00

348.432 1990 Dodge Ram Charger Measurement IMStationDriveway 12AUG09:14:40:55 Before 12 9 101 183 166 4 408 334 0.79 1702 14.41

350 2005 Subaru Outback Selection IMStationDriveway 12AUG09:14:52:02 Before 13 17 104 187 54 1 -7 -29 0.02 16 15.04

350 2005 Subaru Outback Measurement Caryl&470 12AUG09:15:52:51 Before 36 22 98 1566 251 4 177 204 0.00 -18 15.05

350 2005 Subaru Outback Measurement Kipling&470 12AUG09:15:56:50 Before 53 24 93 528 180 4 137 68 0.47 -37 14.71

350 2005 Subaru Outback Measurement Caryl&470 12AUG09:16:00:47 Before 36 19 98 1601 294 5 130 35 0.01 -25 15.04

350 2005 Subaru Outback Measurement Kipling&470 12AUG09:16:04:37 Before 54 19 93 561 232 4 353 306 0.08 61 14.98

350 2005 Subaru Outback Measurement IMStationDriveway 12AUG09:16:11:52 Before 14 14 115 229 51 1 54 -51 0.15 23 14.94

350 2005 Subaru Outback Measurement IMStationDriveway 12AUG09:16:14:05 Before 13 14 115 232 79 2 -9 -59 0.10 -3 14.98

352 2001 Chevrolet Astro Selection IMStationDriveway 12AUG09:16:04:18 Before 11 12 115 220 103 3 65 -210 0.05 3421 14.89

352 2001 Chevrolet Astro Measurement Kipling&470 13AUG09:09:18:26 Before 51 6 80 574 100 3 241 93 5.10 419 11.38

352 2001 Chevrolet Astro Measurement Caryl&470 13AUG09:09:25:22 Before 35 29 78 270 168 4 51 -76 0.10 356 14.97

352 2001 Chevrolet Astro Measurement Kipling&470 13AUG09:09:29:13 Before 51 8 80 602 129 3 313 344 7.41 148 9.73

352 2001 Chevrolet Astro Measurement Caryl&470 13AUG09:09:31:51 Before 37 22 79 300 139 3 50 69 0.10 -19 14.98

352 2001 Chevrolet Astro Measurement IMStationDriveway 13AUG09:09:41:11 Before 15 13 81 32 197 4 67 88 0.10 2062 14.90

352 2001 Chevrolet Astro Measurement IMStationDriveway 13AUG09:09:42:42 Before 12 10 81 35 109 3 65 28 0.10 575 14.96

354 1989 Jeep Cherokee Selection IMStationDriveway 13AUG09:09:46:59 Before 10 7 81 38 1153 7 2835 1110 0.63 1797 14.45

354 1989 Jeep Cherokee Measurement Caryl&470 13AUG09:12:50:42 Before 40 20 91 971 162 4 471 381 0.43 2185 14.65

354 1989 Jeep Cherokee Measurement Caryl&470 13AUG09:13:00:36 Before 39 20 87 996 116 3 438 239 0.36 2156 14.70

354 1989 Jeep Cherokee Measurement Caryl&470 13AUG09:13:07:57 Before 59 47 86 1018 208 4 1430 469 6.36 453 10.43

354 1989 Jeep Cherokee Measurement Caryl&470 13AUG09:13:14:17 Before 56 41 86 1036 714 6 1468 199 4.85 497 11.52

354 1989 Jeep Cherokee Measurement IMStationDriveway 13AUG09:13:21:57 Before 13 11 91 152 9350 7 11162 9613 0.30 2309 14.42

354 1989 Jeep Cherokee Measurement IMStationDriveway 13AUG09:13:23:01 Before 13 12 91 154 575 6 2754 1066 0.53 2424 14.50

354 1989 Jeep Cherokee Measurement IMStationDriveway 21AUG09:12:42:39 After 13 9 83 171 95 3 389 306 0.53 2048 14.59

354 1989 Jeep Cherokee Measurement IMStationDriveway 21AUG09:12:44:02 After 12 9 83 173 75 2 323 176 0.44 2095 14.65

355 1993 Toyota Corolla Selection IMStationDriveway 13AUG09:10:00:16 Before 10 6 82 42 418 5 2816 1424 0.24 1102 14.76

355 1993 Toyota Corolla Measurement Kipling&470 13AUG09:11:11:59 Before 52 26 86 896 136 3 340 269 0.16 2048 14.86
Table F-2. Selection RSMs and Measurement RSMs for Participating Vehicles (Continued)

F-30

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model Remote Sensing Measurement (RSM)

Type

(Selection;

Measurement)

Location DateTime Timing

(RSM is 

Before Repair 

or 

After Repair)

Speed (mph)VSP (kW/Mg)Temperature (F)VDFEI23EI23 BinHC Method A (ppmC3)HC Method B (ppmC3)CO Method A (%)

NO Method A (ppm)CO2 Method A (%)

355 1993 Toyota Corolla Measurement Caryl&470 13AUG09:11:14:24 Before 39 26 88 641 89 2 342 157 0.13 926 14.92

355 1993 Toyota Corolla Measurement Kipling&470 13AUG09:11:17:51 Before 53 17 86 915 144 3 . 686 . . .

355 1993 Toyota Corolla Measurement Kipling&470 13AUG09:11:25:56 Before 37 22 87 938 236 4 707 510 0.05 2109 14.92

355 1993 Toyota Corolla Measurement IMStationDriveway 13AUG09:11:33:43 Before 15 3 90 103 899 5 . 23662 . . .

355 1993 Toyota Corolla Measurement IMStationDriveway 13AUG09:11:35:17 Before 13 17 90 106 427 5 2899 -953 0.45 1129 14.61

357 1997 Nissan Pathfinder Selection IMStationDriveway 13AUG09:12:10:31 Before 13 15 95 122 672 6 1008 592 0.29 2694 14.72

357 1997 Nissan Pathfinder Measurement Kipling&470 21AUG09:15:28:12 Before 51 14 88 645 184 4 52 -69 0.15 1516 14.89

357 1997 Nissan Pathfinder Measurement Caryl&470 21AUG09:15:33:32 Before 36 18 96 1472 70 2 33 12 0.04 149 15.02

357 1997 Nissan Pathfinder Measurement Kipling&470 21AUG09:15:36:18 Before 49 27 88 678 217 4 76 20 0.03 880 15.00

357 1997 Nissan Pathfinder Measurement Caryl&470 21AUG09:15:41:41 Before 36 20 96 1500 100 3 10 -1 0.06 116 15.01

357 1997 Nissan Pathfinder Measurement IMStationDriveway 21AUG09:15:49:31 Before 16 16 102 292 816 6 624 487 0.07 756 14.96

357 1997 Nissan Pathfinder Measurement IMStationDriveway 21AUG09:15:50:44 Before 14 15 102 294 307 5 314 66 0.06 544 14.98

361 1995 VW Golf Selection IMStationDriveway 13AUG09:16:18:48 Before 12 14 98 216 92 2 288 187 3.54 1342 12.46

361 1995 VW Golf Measurement Caryl&470 14AUG09:10:07:20 Before 37 23 74 379 155 4 208 128 0.58 2666 14.54

361 1995 VW Golf Measurement Kipling&470 14AUG09:10:10:36 Before 53 29 73 526 156 4 137 92 0.50 2661 14.59

361 1995 VW Golf Measurement Caryl&470 14AUG09:10:14:47 Before 38 22 74 404 166 4 188 199 0.59 2159 14.55

361 1995 VW Golf Measurement Kipling&470 14AUG09:10:17:52 Before 52 9 73 544 117 3 23 -17 0.73 1791 14.47

361 1995 VW Golf Measurement IMStationDriveway 14AUG09:10:25:19 Before 17 16 74 72 99 3 169 145 0.52 2344 14.60

361 1995 VW Golf Measurement IMStationDriveway 14AUG09:10:26:31 Before 15 14 75 74 94 3 163 111 0.49 2418 14.61

362 2001 Audi TT Quatro Selection IMStationDriveway 14AUG09:09:56:04 Before 15 23 74 63 222 4 53 46 0.63 306 14.59

362 2001 Audi TT Quatro Measurement Kipling&470 14AUG09:11:38:26 Before 53 12 74 787 106 3 160 169 0.10 393 14.96

362 2001 Audi TT Quatro Measurement Caryl&470 14AUG09:11:41:14 Before 38 32 79 707 178 4 163 145 0.03 159 15.02

362 2001 Audi TT Quatro Measurement Kipling&470 14AUG09:11:44:08 Before 54 32 74 803 155 4 69 69 0.32 1197 14.78

362 2001 Audi TT Quatro Measurement Caryl&470 14AUG09:11:48:34 Before 35 20 78 734 234 4 153 47 0.15 82 14.94

362 2001 Audi TT Quatro Measurement IMStationDriveway 14AUG09:11:57:02 Before 13 6 81 125 46 1 29 21 0.21 42 14.90

362 2001 Audi TT Quatro Measurement IMStationDriveway 14AUG09:12:00:31 Before 15 12 81 130 65 2 73 24 0.44 59 14.74

364 1995 Buick Roadmaster Selection IMStationDriveway 14AUG09:11:23:21 Before 10 14 77 109 443 5 1976 767 0.13 434 14.89

364 1995 Buick Roadmaster Measurement Caryl&470 14AUG09:13:26:12 Before 37 20 82 1070 258 4 397 401 -0.05 159 15.07

364 1995 Buick Roadmaster Measurement Caryl&470 14AUG09:13:32:27 Before 37 19 82 1098 284 5 271 205 0.00 -6 15.04

364 1995 Buick Roadmaster Measurement Kipling&470 14AUG09:13:35:39 Before 53 16 77 237 169 4 296 214 0.03 -7 15.03

364 1995 Buick Roadmaster Measurement Caryl&470 14AUG09:13:39:43 Before 58 39 76 1116 312 5 242 113 0.01 116 15.04

364 1995 Buick Roadmaster Measurement IMStationDriveway 14AUG09:13:47:34 Before 18 19 83 186 375 5 1088 183 0.02 40 15.01

364 1995 Buick Roadmaster Measurement IMStationDriveway 14AUG09:13:48:58 Before 14 16 83 188 386 5 939 137 0.02 280 15.00

365 2002 Ford Mustang Selection IMStationDriveway 14AUG09:12:19:43 Before 11 7 82 146 75 2 19 19 0.05 -7 15.02

365 2002 Ford Mustang Measurement Kipling&470 14AUG09:16:27:42 Before 52 20 85 765 129 3 32 1 0.05 -12 15.02

365 2002 Ford Mustang Measurement Caryl&470 14AUG09:16:30:39 Before 37 22 79 1650 204 4 122 -72 0.01 595 15.02
Table F-2. Selection RSMs and Measurement RSMs for Participating Vehicles (Continued)

F-31

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model Remote Sensing Measurement (RSM)

Type

(Selection;

Measurement)

Location DateTime Timing

(RSM is 

Before Repair 

or 

After Repair)

Speed (mph)VSP (kW/Mg)Temperature (F)VDFEI23EI23 BinHC Method A (ppmC3)HC Method B (ppmC3)CO Method A (%)

NO Method A (ppm)CO2 Method A (%)

365 2002 Ford Mustang Measurement Kipling&470 14AUG09:16:34:33 Before 54 23 84 796 154 4 39 -22 0.04 91 15.02

365 2002 Ford Mustang Measurement Caryl&470 14AUG09:16:38:48 Before 39 24 77 1687 300 5 182 -33 0.00 46 15.05

365 2002 Ford Mustang Measurement IMStationDriveway 14AUG09:16:47:40 Before 16 17 81 280 70 2 -25 -62 0.00 27 15.05

365 2002 Ford Mustang Measurement IMStationDriveway 14AUG09:16:48:56 Before 4 0 81 282 109 3 11 -83 0.00 1781 14.99

365 2002 Ford Mustang Measurement IMStationDriveway 14AUG09:16:50:36 Before 16 17 81 283 80 2 26 18 0.03 12 15.03

367 1993 Chevrolet Van 20 / G20 Selection IMStationDriveway 14AUG09:13:34:05 Before 15 16 89 178 858 6 911 1117 4.50 620 11.78

367 1993 Chevrolet Van 20 / G20 Measurement Caryl&470 14AUG09:15:00:03 Before 34 24 83 1364 375 5 413 275 1.17 1701 14.14

367 1993 Chevrolet Van 20 / G20 Measurement Kipling&470 14AUG09:15:03:01 Before 50 9 82 536 148 3 270 286 3.72 1402 12.33

367 1993 Chevrolet Van 20 / G20 Measurement Caryl&470 14AUG09:15:06:50 Before 39 20 82 1390 365 5 348 402 0.61 718 14.58

367 1993 Chevrolet Van 20 / G20 Measurement Kipling&470 14AUG09:15:18:41 Before 51 26 83 599 200 4 262 253 1.24 1622 14.10

367 1993 Chevrolet Van 20 / G20 Measurement IMStationDriveway 14AUG09:15:26:58 Before 13 7 94 244 769 6 1160 1833 0.82 430 14.41

367 1993 Chevrolet Van 20 / G20 Measurement IMStationDriveway 14AUG09:15:28:53 Before 12 8 94 247 1339 7 1882 3890 0.49 457 14.63

367 1993 Chevrolet Van 20 / G20 Measurement IMStationDriveway 18AUG09:15:29:14 After 11 6 73 148 813 6 551 521 0.46 418 14.69

367 1993 Chevrolet Van 20 / G20 Measurement IMStationDriveway 18AUG09:15:31:34 After 12 8 73 151 1010 6 1026 1331 0.42 648 14.70

370 2003 Land Rover Discovery Selection IMStationDriveway 17AUG09:08:34:11 Before 16 21 61 10 85 2 15 -24 0.04 30 15.03

370 2003 Land Rover Discovery Measurement Kipling&470 17AUG09:09:48:28 Before 51 30 75 550 124 3 -8 -51 0.01 67 15.04

370 2003 Land Rover Discovery Measurement Caryl&470 17AUG09:09:51:08 Before 38 19 70 504 243 4 88 -101 0.00 60 15.05

370 2003 Land Rover Discovery Measurement Kipling&470 17AUG09:09:54:09 Before 54 35 75 581 174 4 37 -54 0.24 10 14.88

370 2003 Land Rover Discovery Measurement Caryl&470 17AUG09:09:57:27 Before 37 22 69 526 303 5 127 22 0.01 39 15.04

370 2003 Land Rover Discovery Measurement IMStationDriveway 17AUG09:10:04:47 Before 13 9 67 61 137 3 24 -33 0.00 20 15.05

370 2003 Land Rover Discovery Measurement IMStationDriveway 17AUG09:10:06:22 Before 13 9 67 63 118 3 16 15 0.02 13 15.04

371 1996 Toyota Corolla Selection IMStationDriveway 17AUG09:08:39:23 Before 19 20 61 12 39 1 173 208 0.94 527 14.36

371 1996 Toyota Corolla Measurement Kipling&470 17AUG09:13:10:47 Before 52 37 80 167 199 4 261 345 3.63 1114 12.40

371 1996 Toyota Corolla Measurement Caryl&470 17AUG09:13:14:49 Before 35 15 79 1121 215 4 . 254 . . .

371 1996 Toyota Corolla Measurement Kipling&470 17AUG09:13:17:47 Before 53 31 80 189 219 4 449 475 4.08 892 12.09

371 1996 Toyota Corolla Measurement Caryl&470 17AUG09:13:21:06 Before 38 19 79 1147 259 4 . 112 . . .

371 1996 Toyota Corolla Measurement IMStationDriveway 17AUG09:13:29:03 Before 15 14 84 164 87 2 17 27 0.00 1086 15.01

371 1996 Toyota Corolla Measurement IMStationDriveway 17AUG09:13:29:49 Before 15 14 84 166 76 2 45 -5 0.10 589 14.96

375 2005 Ford Focus Selection IMStationDriveway 17AUG09:10:23:15 Before 15 19 68 77 53 1 7 -2 0.02 19 15.04

375 2005 Ford Focus Measurement Kipling&470 17AUG09:11:46:40 Before 56 19 78 842 171 4 . -132 . . .

375 2005 Ford Focus Measurement Caryl&470 17AUG09:11:56:05 Before 39 17 75 890 303 5 164 -6 0.00 28 15.05

375 2005 Ford Focus Measurement Kipling&470 17AUG09:11:59:08 Before 56 28 79 868 185 4 300 165 0.10 -107 14.98

375 2005 Ford Focus Measurement Caryl&470 17AUG09:12:03:34 Before 37 13 76 912 307 5 -3 -86 -0.06 9 15.10

375 2005 Ford Focus Measurement IMStationDriveway 17AUG09:12:11:31 Before 15 18 76 131 98 3 23 -3 0.03 -3 15.03

375 2005 Ford Focus Measurement IMStationDriveway 17AUG09:12:13:14 Before 14 19 76 133 72 2 7 1 0.03 1260 14.99

379 1993 Subaru Legacy Selection IMStationDriveway 17AUG09:14:31:47 Before 9 6 85 208 164 4 27 2 0.06 725 14.99
Table F-2. Selection RSMs and Measurement RSMs for Participating Vehicles (Continued)

F-32

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model Remote Sensing Measurement (RSM)

Type

(Selection;

Measurement)

Location DateTime Timing

(RSM is 

Before Repair 

or 

After Repair)

Speed (mph)VSP (kW/Mg)Temperature (F)VDFEI23EI23 BinHC Method A (ppmC3)HC Method B (ppmC3)CO Method A (%)

NO Method A (ppm)CO2 Method A (%)

379 1993 Subaru Legacy Measurement Kipling&470 17AUG09:15:41:59 Before 53 25 79 610 117 3 279 146 3.60 840 12.43

379 1993 Subaru Legacy Measurement Caryl&470 17AUG09:15:46:32 Before 38 20 72 1577 238 4 1 -79 0.07 740 14.98

379 1993 Subaru Legacy Measurement Kipling&470 17AUG09:15:50:24 Before 55 25 79 648 179 4 325 258 4.58 736 11.74

379 1993 Subaru Legacy Measurement Caryl&470 17AUG09:15:54:33 Before 37 20 71 1604 264 4 95 33 0.72 343 14.52

379 1993 Subaru Legacy Measurement IMStationDriveway 17AUG09:16:03:01 Before 14 12 80 252 81 2 59 14 0.14 496 14.94

379 1993 Subaru Legacy Measurement IMStationDriveway 17AUG09:16:04:03 Before 12 13 79 254 126 3 43 29 0.10 520 14.96

381 1998 Jeep Cherokee Selection IMStationDriveway 17AUG09:15:14:17 Before 17 22 86 228 190 4 133 96 2.00 1314 13.57

381 1998 Jeep Cherokee Measurement Kipling&470 17AUG09:16:30:42 Before 50 23 78 792 290 5 201 142 0.91 2646 14.30

381 1998 Jeep Cherokee Measurement Caryl&470 17AUG09:16:34:24 Before 40 22 69 1708 339 5 198 32 0.64 2647 14.50

381 1998 Jeep Cherokee Measurement Kipling&470 17AUG09:16:38:45 Before 56 35 78 837 134 3 98 97 0.65 2892 14.48

381 1998 Jeep Cherokee Measurement Caryl&470 17AUG09:16:42:42 Before 39 20 69 1732 317 5 117 49 0.47 2327 14.63

381 1998 Jeep Cherokee Measurement IMStationDriveway 17AUG09:16:52:34 Before 14 12 75 266 142 3 62 45 0.37 1853 14.72

381 1998 Jeep Cherokee Measurement IMStationDriveway 17AUG09:16:53:23 Before 14 15 75 268 112 3 52 -18 0.35 1978 14.73

383 1994 Chevrolet S-10 Selection IMStationDriveway 17AUG09:16:59:41 Before 12 18 74 271 830 6 737 557 4.76 217 11.61

383 1994 Chevrolet S-10 Measurement Kipling&470 18AUG09:09:12:04 Before 53 21 76 563 179 4 . 58 . . .

383 1994 Chevrolet S-10 Measurement Caryl&470 18AUG09:09:16:01 Before 38 22 73 312 260 4 215 -66 0.03 678 15.00

383 1994 Chevrolet S-10 Measurement Kipling&470 18AUG09:09:20:45 Before 53 26 76 585 151 4 76 -179 0.65 317 14.58

383 1994 Chevrolet S-10 Measurement Caryl&470 18AUG09:09:24:56 Before 36 27 74 348 179 4 114 129 0.04 2627 14.93

383 1994 Chevrolet S-10 Measurement IMStationDriveway 18AUG09:09:34:31 Before 12 7 68 46 89 2 36 20 0.05 1749 14.95

383 1994 Chevrolet S-10 Measurement IMStationDriveway 18AUG09:09:36:05 Before 13 12 68 48 145 3 114 66 0.30 257 14.83

385 2001 Dodge Dakota Selection IMStationDriveway 18AUG09:08:32:20 Before 13 19 64 15 138 3 33 10 4.40 15 11.90

385 2001 Dodge Dakota Measurement Kipling&470 18AUG09:11:05:22 Before 51 30 81 859 181 4 53 13 4.45 0 11.86

385 2001 Dodge Dakota Measurement Caryl&470 18AUG09:11:09:25 Before 41 28 83 689 280 5 104 29 0.12 32 14.96

385 2001 Dodge Dakota Measurement Kipling&470 18AUG09:11:12:52 Before 54 13 81 878 191 4 115 -12 0.38 29 14.78

385 2001 Dodge Dakota Measurement Caryl&470 18AUG09:11:16:01 Before 36 23 83 713 319 5 229 -90 0.02 21 15.03

385 2001 Dodge Dakota Measurement IMStationDriveway 18AUG09:11:24:44 Before 13 9 81 94 110 3 20 -18 0.01 -7 15.04

385 2001 Dodge Dakota Measurement IMStationDriveway 18AUG09:11:25:38 Before 14 11 81 96 70 2 -2 5 0.03 4 15.04

387 2000 Jeep

Grand 

Cherokee Selection IMStationDriveway 18AUG09:11:22:01 Before 18 26 79 93 99 3 13 -36 0.05 254 15.01

387 2000 Jeep

Grand 

Cherokee Measurement Kipling&470 18AUG09:12:33:33 Before 53 18 83 26 142 3 46 53 0.07 105 15.00

387 2000 Jeep

Grand 

Cherokee Measurement Caryl&470 18AUG09:12:38:10 Before 36 25 78 1000 307 5 241 204 0.00 32 15.05

387 2000 Jeep

Grand 

Cherokee Measurement Kipling&470 18AUG09:12:41:29 Before 52 27 83 42 105 3 72 -48 0.09 193 14.98

387 2000 Jeep Grand Measurement Caryl&470 18AUG09:12:45:55 Before 37 22 76 1031 288 5 83 -1 0.00 7 15.05
Table F-2. Selection RSMs and Measurement RSMs for Participating Vehicles (Continued)

F-33

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model Remote Sensing Measurement (RSM)

Type

(Selection;

Measurement)

Location DateTime Timing

(RSM is 

Before Repair 

or 

After Repair)

Speed (mph)VSP (kW/Mg)Temperature (F)VDFEI23EI23 BinHC Method A (ppmC3)HC Method B (ppmC3)CO Method A (%)

NO Method A (ppm)CO2 Method A (%)

Cherokee

387 2000 Jeep

Grand 

Cherokee Measurement IMStationDriveway 18AUG09:12:59:34 Before 13 8 78 132 76 2 5 2 -0.01 919 15.03

387 2000 Jeep

Grand 

Cherokee Measurement IMStationDriveway 18AUG09:13:00:47 Before 15 14 78 134 67 2 13 17 0.00 1120 15.01

391 1999 Isuzu Rodeo Selection IMStationDriveway 19AUG09:10:09:08 Before 15 19 76 51 58 2 -4 -1 0.07 412 14.99

391 1999 Isuzu Rodeo Measurement Kipling&470 19AUG09:11:19:52 Before 51 20 83 857 148 3 398 264 3.39 1409 12.56

391 1999 Isuzu Rodeo Measurement Caryl&470 19AUG09:11:23:16 Before 40 22 79 724 241 4 184 97 0.05 959 14.97

391 1999 Isuzu Rodeo Measurement Kipling&470 19AUG09:11:26:39 Before 52 24 84 876 129 3 283 254 2.27 1877 13.35

391 1999 Isuzu Rodeo Measurement Caryl&470 19AUG09:11:42:11 Before 38 25 79 790 323 5 197 -146 0.09 600 14.96

391 1999 Isuzu Rodeo Measurement IMStationDriveway 19AUG09:11:49:50 Before 12 8 81 95 77 2 65 -24 0.07 173 15.00

391 1999 Isuzu Rodeo Measurement IMStationDriveway 19AUG09:11:50:51 Before 13 10 81 98 81 2 22 -23 0.12 189 14.96

392 1999 Honda Accord Selection IMStationDriveway 19AUG09:12:24:37 Before 17 23 83 110 110 3 32 207 3.78 43 12.34

392 1999 Honda Accord Measurement Kipling&470 19AUG09:14:03:09 Before 49 18 85 305 238 4 132 103 3.56 409 12.48

392 1999 Honda Accord Measurement Caryl&470 19AUG09:14:07:14 Before 35 25 82 1273 348 5 191 108 0.26 91 14.86

392 1999 Honda Accord Measurement Caryl&470 19AUG09:14:13:25 Before 33 26 82 1287 237 4 75 26 0.14 18 14.95

392 1999 Honda Accord Measurement Kipling&470 19AUG09:14:16:36 Before 51 34 85 343 136 3 102 81 5.18 179 11.33

392 1999 Honda Accord Measurement Caryl&470 19AUG09:14:20:55 Before 34 21 82 1309 285 5 74 -33 0.30 35 14.84

392 1999 Honda Accord Measurement IMStationDriveway 19AUG09:14:28:20 Before 15 14 94 164 78 2 -3 12 0.05 20 15.01

392 1999 Honda Accord Measurement IMStationDriveway 19AUG09:14:29:32 Before 13 14 94 167 95 3 -2 2 0.03 26 15.03

393 2001 Toyota Solara Selection IMStationDriveway 19AUG09:12:41:55 Before 13 22 84 115 536 6 332 -113 0.07 469 14.98

393 2001 Toyota Solara Measurement Caryl&470 19AUG09:15:04:25 Before 33 19 84 1428 277 5 92 -4 0.00 3373 14.93

393 2001 Toyota Solara Measurement Kipling&470 19AUG09:15:08:23 Before 52 28 84 477 319 5 217 114 0.79 48 14.48

393 2001 Toyota Solara Measurement Caryl&470 19AUG09:15:12:20 Before 37 19 84 1454 425 5 203 120 0.00 3243 14.93

393 2001 Toyota Solara Measurement Kipling&470 19AUG09:15:16:22 Before 53 29 84 511 141 3 88 64 0.19 71 14.91

393 2001 Toyota Solara Measurement IMStationDriveway 19AUG09:15:30:23 Before 13 10 100 191 125 3 124 97 0.01 1003 15.00

393 2001 Toyota Solara Measurement IMStationDriveway 19AUG09:15:32:16 Before 12 14 100 195 584 6 286 254 0.01 3518 14.91

395 1997 Chevrolet S-10 Selection IMStationDriveway 19AUG09:13:53:27 Before 14 13 87 144 162 4 186 243 0.70 82 14.54

395 1997 Chevrolet S-10 Measurement Kipling&470 20AUG09:09:28:45 Before 58 27 74 692 163 4 281 76 3.16 541 12.76

395 1997 Chevrolet S-10 Measurement Caryl&470 20AUG09:09:32:04 Before 45 26 71 381 271 5 146 -21 0.13 -14 14.96

395 1997 Chevrolet S-10 Measurement Kipling&470 20AUG09:09:35:11 Before 56 27 74 708 110 3 68 60 0.12 2159 14.89

395 1997 Chevrolet S-10 Measurement Caryl&470 20AUG09:09:38:22 Before 38 25 71 409 309 5 303 28 0.02 14 15.03

395 1997 Chevrolet S-10 Measurement IMStationDriveway 20AUG09:09:45:58 Before 13 10 66 37 177 4 257 -328 0.02 165 15.02

395 1997 Chevrolet S-10 Measurement IMStationDriveway 20AUG09:09:47:06 Before 13 16 66 38 312 5 194 62 0.10 82 14.97

396 2000 Mercury Mystique Selection IMStationDriveway 19AUG09:14:15:38 Before 12 11 93 157 61 2 103 71 0.92 50 14.39

396 2000 Mercury Mystique Measurement Kipling&470 19AUG09:16:35:00 Before 50 36 85 757 166 4 320 193 4.87 76 11.55
Table F-2. Selection RSMs and Measurement RSMs for Participating Vehicles (Continued)

F-34

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model Remote Sensing Measurement (RSM)

Type

(Selection;

Measurement)

Location DateTime Timing

(RSM is 

Before Repair 

or 

After Repair)

Speed (mph)VSP (kW/Mg)Temperature (F)VDFEI23EI23 BinHC Method A (ppmC3)HC Method B (ppmC3)CO Method A (%)

NO Method A (ppm)CO2 Method A (%)

396 2000 Mercury Mystique Measurement Caryl&470 19AUG09:16:38:28 Before 37 19 85 1708 229 4 132 -236 -0.02 -18 15.06

396 2000 Mercury Mystique Measurement Kipling&470 19AUG09:16:42:18 Before 55 17 85 793 220 4 150 102 8.64 44 8.85

396 2000 Mercury Mystique Measurement Caryl&470 19AUG09:16:46:32 Before 35 18 85 1744 260 4 149 -43 0.14 -13 14.95

396 2000 Mercury Mystique Measurement IMStationDriveway 19AUG09:16:55:17 Before 14 13 103 224 74 2 -25 -80 0.20 -12 14.91

396 2000 Mercury Mystique Measurement IMStationDriveway 19AUG09:16:58:18 Before 12 14 104 231 90 3 -27 -115 0.22 38 14.90

397 2005 Ford Freestyle Selection IMStationDriveway 19AUG09:16:32:51 Before 11 16 103 220 84 2 -14 16 0.01 -13 15.05

397 2005 Ford Freestyle Measurement Kipling&470 20AUG09:11:11:24 Before 50 34 81 951 250 4 56 -82 0.00 136 15.04

397 2005 Ford Freestyle Measurement Caryl&470 20AUG09:11:14:38 Before 35 23 77 720 256 4 . 12 . . .

397 2005 Ford Freestyle Measurement Kipling&470 20AUG09:11:17:28 Before 53 34 81 974 177 4 80 -36 0.03 50 15.03

397 2005 Ford Freestyle Measurement Caryl&470 20AUG09:11:20:42 Before 33 17 77 742 272 5 . -93 . . .

397 2005 Ford Freestyle Measurement Kipling&470 20AUG09:11:24:02 Before 52 27 81 994 167 4 -1 -47 0.04 60 15.02

397 2005 Ford Freestyle Measurement Caryl&470 20AUG09:11:28:20 Before 38 20 77 767 215 4 . 119 . . .

397 2005 Ford Freestyle Measurement IMStationDriveway 20AUG09:11:40:28 Before 16 -33 77 110 53 1 -2 -156 -0.02 -61 15.07

397 2005 Ford Freestyle Measurement IMStationDriveway 20AUG09:11:41:30 Before 14 12 77 111 75 2 -2 -15 0.07 -17 15.00

401 1995 Lexus SC 300 Selection IMStationDriveway 20AUG09:10:42:20 Before 16 20 72 75 88 2 3 -23 0.07 832 14.98

401 1995 Lexus SC 300 Measurement Caryl&470 20AUG09:12:12:43 Before 37 22 80 903 223 4 264 114 0.01 178 15.03

401 1995 Lexus SC 300 Measurement Kipling&470 20AUG09:12:16:12 Before 54 60 81 1145 314 5 272 -133 0.02 1898 14.96

401 1995 Lexus SC 300 Measurement Caryl&470 20AUG09:12:19:40 Before 38 23 80 924 292 5 299 85 -0.02 247 15.05

401 1995 Lexus SC 300 Measurement Kipling&470 20AUG09:12:22:45 Before 55 32 81 1166 207 4 53 -78 0.02 16 15.04

401 1995 Lexus SC 300 Measurement IMStationDriveway 20AUG09:12:30:14 Before 14 11 82 128 100 3 1 -5 0.01 40 15.04

401 1995 Lexus SC 300 Measurement IMStationDriveway 20AUG09:12:31:15 Before 13 12 82 129 121 3 12 10 0.01 21 15.04

402 2004 Hyundai Elantra Selection IMStationDriveway 20AUG09:11:13:08 Before 13 17 75 88 77 2 . 372 . . .

402 2004 Hyundai Elantra Measurement Kipling&470 20AUG09:13:50:09 Before 52 18 82 251 122 3 . 60 . . .

402 2004 Hyundai Elantra Measurement Caryl&470 20AUG09:13:53:21 Before 39 28 80 1226 484 5 1264 40 0.79 -35 14.45

402 2004 Hyundai Elantra Measurement Kipling&470 20AUG09:13:56:15 Before 56 29 83 263 195 4 . -605 . . .

402 2004 Hyundai Elantra Measurement Caryl&470 20AUG09:13:59:30 Before 38 23 80 1249 403 5 365 253 0.08 -27 14.99

402 2004 Hyundai Elantra Measurement IMStationDriveway 20AUG09:14:07:00 Before 15 17 92 174 93 3 -20 -91 0.04 15 15.03

402 2004 Hyundai Elantra Measurement IMStationDriveway 20AUG09:14:08:07 Before 13 13 92 178 86 2 -7 65 0.06 -69 15.01

404 1998 Isuzu Rodeo Selection IMStationDriveway 20AUG09:13:17:53 Before 17 12 85 144 93 3 91 55 0.34 258 14.80

404 1998 Isuzu Rodeo Measurement Kipling&470 20AUG09:16:43:15 Before 52 25 82 852 98 3 470 379 4.10 1371 12.05

404 1998 Isuzu Rodeo Measurement Caryl&470 20AUG09:16:46:22 Before 38 23 85 1795 285 5 174 4 0.22 586 14.87

404 1998 Isuzu Rodeo Measurement Kipling&470 20AUG09:16:50:19 Before 53 23 82 878 186 4 301 199 1.90 1880 13.62

404 1998 Isuzu Rodeo Measurement Caryl&470 20AUG09:16:54:22 Before 36 19 85 1821 326 5 294 196 0.08 168 14.98

404 1998 Isuzu Rodeo Measurement IMStationDriveway 20AUG09:17:03:14 Before 13 14 103 242 83 2 6 12 0.07 234 14.99

404 1998 Isuzu Rodeo Measurement IMStationDriveway 20AUG09:17:04:19 Before 12 10 103 243 85 2 38 42 0.11 210 14.97

404 1998 Isuzu Rodeo Measurement IMStationDriveway 26AUG09:08:48:19 After 12 8 67 24 95 3 31 51 0.09 32 14.99
Table F-2. Selection RSMs and Measurement RSMs for Participating Vehicles (Continued)

F-35

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model Remote Sensing Measurement (RSM)

Type

(Selection;

Measurement)

Location DateTime Timing

(RSM is 

Before Repair 

or 

After Repair)

Speed (mph)VSP (kW/Mg)Temperature (F)VDFEI23EI23 BinHC Method A (ppmC3)HC Method B (ppmC3)CO Method A (%)

NO Method A (ppm)CO2 Method A (%)

404 1998 Isuzu Rodeo Measurement IMStationDriveway 26AUG09:08:49:43 After 13 10 67 28 83 2 60 34 0.12 115 14.96

405 1996 Chevrolet Cavalier Selection IMStationDriveway 20AUG09:13:25:04 Before 16 18 87 146 66 2 184 210 2.56 285 13.20

405 1996 Chevrolet Cavalier Measurement Kipling&470 20AUG09:15:22:23 Before 52 18 83 514 177 4 278 204 4.27 366 11.97

405 1996 Chevrolet Cavalier Measurement Caryl&470 20AUG09:15:26:19 Before 37 21 84 1532 274 5 . -166 . . .

405 1996 Chevrolet Cavalier Measurement Kipling&470 20AUG09:15:30:10 Before 51 18 83 534 245 4 650 865 4.12 645 12.06

405 1996 Chevrolet Cavalier Measurement Caryl&470 20AUG09:15:34:07 Before 34 26 84 1552 256 4 232 285 2.15 174 13.50

405 1996 Chevrolet Cavalier Measurement IMStationDriveway 20AUG09:15:43:32 Before 12 6 99 209 82 2 10 -8 0.08 -13 15.00

405 1996 Chevrolet Cavalier Measurement IMStationDriveway 20AUG09:15:44:37 Before 12 9 99 211 118 3 63 71 0.11 295 14.97

416 1999 Mazda Protege Selection IMStationDriveway 21AUG09:10:29:47 Before 12 10 73 92 177 4 20 -5 0.12 817 14.94

416 1999 Mazda Protege Measurement Caryl&470 21AUG09:11:40:56 Before 35 23 74 733 120 3 24 4 0.10 632 14.96

416 1999 Mazda Protege Measurement Kipling&470 21AUG09:11:42:32 Before 54 34 84 1010 185 4 . -118 . . .

416 1999 Mazda Protege Measurement Caryl&470 21AUG09:11:47:08 Before 37 19 75 748 94 3 68 89 0.03 3143 14.91

416 1999 Mazda Protege Measurement Kipling&470 21AUG09:11:48:44 Before 53 29 85 1028 110 3 80 15 4.88 630 11.53

416 1999 Mazda Protege Measurement IMStationDriveway 21AUG09:11:56:27 Before 14 14 79 150 83 2 -4 -16 0.07 941 14.97

416 1999 Mazda Protege Measurement IMStationDriveway 21AUG09:11:57:25 Before 13 13 79 151 94 3 16 16 0.19 349 14.91

420 1996 Jeep

Grand 

Cherokee Selection IMStationDriveway 21AUG09:12:41:37 Before 13 15 83 170 187 4 125 140 0.27 808 14.83

420 1996 Jeep

Grand 

Cherokee Measurement Kipling&470 21AUG09:13:51:46 Before 51 35 87 314 261 4 273 24 2.13 1928 13.45

420 1996 Jeep

Grand 

Cherokee Measurement Caryl&470 21AUG09:13:56:00 Before 39 26 80 1131 77 2 -5 13 0.32 349 14.81

420 1996 Jeep

Grand 

Cherokee Measurement Kipling&470 21AUG09:13:57:33 Before 52 14 87 330 229 4 458 394 4.00 1099 12.14

420 1996 Jeep

Grand 

Cherokee Measurement Caryl&470 21AUG09:14:03:26 Before 39 22 82 1159 88 2 11 -57 0.07 422 14.99

420 1996 Jeep

Grand 

Cherokee Measurement IMStationDriveway 21AUG09:14:09:50 Before 13 10 96 234 118 3 156 73 0.14 322 14.94

420 1996 Jeep

Grand 

Cherokee Measurement IMStationDriveway 21AUG09:14:10:54 Before 14 10 96 235 103 3 112 5 0.12 501 14.95

424 1970 VW Beetle Selection IMStationDriveway 21AUG09:15:07:35 Before 13 10 102 263 766 5 4839 6587 4.53 1309 11.61

424 1970 VW Beetle Measurement IMStationDriveway 21AUG09:16:32:40 Before 13 13 107 300 90 2 1249 638 3.41 1775 12.51

424 1970 VW Beetle Measurement IMStationDriveway 21AUG09:16:33:43 Before 11 10 107 301 176 4 1010 202 2.50 2007 13.16

425 1998 Mitsubishi Eclipse Selection IMStationDriveway 24AUG09:08:47:43 Before 13 11 73 315 57 1 36 23 0.09 511 14.97

425 1998 Mitsubishi Eclipse Measurement Kipling&470 24AUG09:09:58:08 Before 51 24 81 794 84 2 123 125 0.27 780 14.83

425 1998 Mitsubishi Eclipse Measurement Kipling&470 24AUG09:10:05:04 Before 54 26 81 816 125 3 170 78 2.56 1017 13.18

425 1998 Mitsubishi Eclipse Measurement Caryl&470 24AUG09:10:09:21 Before 37 26 80 517 75 2 -5 -2 -0.01 152 15.05
Table F-2. Selection RSMs and Measurement RSMs for Participating Vehicles (Continued)

F-36

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model Remote Sensing Measurement (RSM)

Type

(Selection;

Measurement)

Location DateTime Timing

(RSM is 

Before Repair 

or 

After Repair)

Speed (mph)VSP (kW/Mg)Temperature (F)VDFEI23EI23 BinHC Method A (ppmC3)HC Method B (ppmC3)CO Method A (%)

NO Method A (ppm)CO2 Method A (%)

425 1998 Mitsubishi Eclipse Measurement Kipling&470 24AUG09:10:11:19 Before 34 16 81 832 131 3 43 -103 0.03 52 15.03

425 1998 Mitsubishi Eclipse Measurement IMStationDriveway 24AUG09:10:19:24 Before 14 11 80 54 65 2 3 12 0.03 240 15.03

425 1998 Mitsubishi Eclipse Measurement IMStationDriveway 24AUG09:10:20:20 Before 14 12 80 57 73 2 7 6 0.03 26 15.03

427 1984 Toyota Land Cruiser Selection IMStationDriveway 24AUG09:09:19:40 Before 13 14 80 16 355 5 1364 1235 2.82 1308 12.94

427 1984 Toyota Land Cruiser Measurement Kipling&470 24AUG09:13:25:35 Before 48 28 83 178 125 3 388 375 2.66 1816 13.07

427 1984 Toyota Land Cruiser Measurement Caryl&470 24AUG09:13:32:10 Before 35 15 85 1109 71 2 497 417 0.10 1610 14.91

427 1984 Toyota Land Cruiser Measurement Kipling&470 24AUG09:13:36:18 Before 44 25 83 205 205 4 355 281 2.76 1858 13.00

427 1984 Toyota Land Cruiser Measurement Caryl&470 24AUG09:13:42:08 Before 38 19 86 1140 132 3 666 504 0.19 2597 14.80

427 1984 Toyota Land Cruiser Measurement IMStationDriveway 24AUG09:13:49:48 Before 12 10 87 180 871 6 2422 2687 1.32 1405 13.98

427 1984 Toyota Land Cruiser Measurement IMStationDriveway 24AUG09:13:50:55 Before 14 10 87 181 3625 7 2857 4244 0.44 2054 14.58

428 1975 Chevrolet C-10 Selection IMStationDriveway 24AUG09:09:27:42 Before 15 14 80 19 574 5 6058 5217 6.66 649 10.07

428 1975 Chevrolet C-10 Measurement Kipling&470 24AUG09:14:58:06 Before 46 25 83 402 572 5 5274 4909 3.49 1396 12.34

428 1975 Chevrolet C-10 Measurement Caryl&470 24AUG09:15:03:43 Before 39 20 85 1361 234 3 5817 5316 4.91 727 11.33

428 1975 Chevrolet C-10 Measurement Kipling&470 24AUG09:15:06:17 Before 50 24 83 429 615 5 4378 2953 3.28 1254 12.53

428 1975 Chevrolet C-10 Measurement Caryl&470 24AUG09:15:11:42 Before 42 23 84 1391 119 2 5210 4124 6.14 613 10.48

428 1975 Chevrolet C-10 Measurement IMStationDriveway 24AUG09:15:20:03 Before 13 12 80 227 1305 7 4576 3939 3.80 701 12.17

428 1975 Chevrolet C-10 Measurement IMStationDriveway 24AUG09:15:21:22 Before 13 11 80 230 895 6 4490 3923 4.42 640 11.73

430 2002 Jeep Wrangler Selection IMStationDriveway 24AUG09:10:30:27 Before 12 18 81 63 171 4 148 -28 0.07 18 15.00

430 2002 Jeep Wrangler Measurement Kipling&470 24AUG09:11:46:47 Before 54 39 81 1029 89 2 39 100 0.02 149 15.04

430 2002 Jeep Wrangler Measurement Caryl&470 24AUG09:11:52:03 Before 39 26 87 823 80 2 -17 -4 0.02 37 15.04

430 2002 Jeep Wrangler Measurement Kipling&470 24AUG09:11:53:41 Before 54 10 81 1047 96 3 29 -95 1.62 -32 13.89

430 2002 Jeep Wrangler Measurement Caryl&470 24AUG09:11:59:05 Before 42 34 87 848 73 2 43 6 0.35 3 14.80

430 2002 Jeep Wrangler Measurement IMStationDriveway 24AUG09:12:05:54 Before 13 9 85 116 94 3 21 -5 0.03 22 15.03

430 2002 Jeep Wrangler Measurement IMStationDriveway 24AUG09:12:07:00 Before 12 11 85 119 82 2 -2 -21 0.03 30 15.03

431 1993 Mitsubishi 3000 GT Selection IMStationDriveway 24AUG09:10:33:25 Before 15 25 81 66 167 4 500 475 1.79 931 13.72

431 1993 Mitsubishi 3000 GT Measurement Kipling&470 24AUG09:16:34:51 Before 51 24 80 710 128 3 175 87 0.37 678 14.76

431 1993 Mitsubishi 3000 GT Measurement Caryl&470 24AUG09:16:39:35 Before 35 28 74 1638 62 2 61 36 0.20 430 14.89

431 1993 Mitsubishi 3000 GT Measurement Kipling&470 24AUG09:16:42:19 Before 52 27 79 753 120 3 115 10 0.25 2047 14.79

431 1993 Mitsubishi 3000 GT Measurement Caryl&470 24AUG09:16:47:47 Before 35 23 74 1675 61 2 20 10 0.04 854 15.00

431 1993 Mitsubishi 3000 GT Measurement IMStationDriveway 24AUG09:16:55:41 Before 15 14 76 273 66 2 180 130 0.17 469 14.91

431 1993 Mitsubishi 3000 GT Measurement IMStationDriveway 24AUG09:16:57:09 Before 13 11 76 275 107 3 143 127 0.21 194 14.89

437 1991 Chevrolet S-10 Selection IMStationDriveway 24AUG09:14:12:37 Before 15 16 88 189 70 2 316 317 4.21 743 12.00

437 1991 Chevrolet S-10 Measurement Caryl&470 25AUG09:14:05:53 Before 33 18 68 1179 202 4 204 61 0.34 1328 14.75

437 1991 Chevrolet S-10 Measurement Caryl&470 25AUG09:14:13:16 Before 35 19 67 1198 234 4 170 66 0.22 224 14.88

437 1991 Chevrolet S-10 Measurement Caryl&470 25AUG09:14:20:35 Before 51 21 66 1214 173 4 173 -21 0.28 2751 14.75

437 1991 Chevrolet S-10 Measurement Caryl&470 25AUG09:14:26:57 Before 52 24 66 1237 226 4 164 34 0.19 2473 14.82
Table F-2. Selection RSMs and Measurement RSMs for Participating Vehicles (Continued)

F-37

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model Remote Sensing Measurement (RSM)

Type

(Selection;

Measurement)

Location DateTime Timing

(RSM is 

Before Repair 

or 

After Repair)

Speed (mph)VSP (kW/Mg)Temperature (F)VDFEI23EI23 BinHC Method A (ppmC3)HC Method B (ppmC3)CO Method A (%)

NO Method A (ppm)CO2 Method A (%)

437 1991 Chevrolet S-10 Measurement IMStationDriveway 25AUG09:14:34:19 Before 13 10 71 209 104 3 47 75 0.06 1223 14.97

437 1991 Chevrolet S-10 Measurement IMStationDriveway 25AUG09:14:35:21 Before 14 10 69 211 73 2 19 17 0.05 1607 14.96

438 1975 Chevrolet C-10 Selection IMStationDriveway 24AUG09:14:37:48 Before 15 15 86 206 723 6 3478 3486 6.04 731 10.59

438 1975 Chevrolet C-10 Measurement Caryl&470 25AUG09:16:26:22 Before 37 19 71 1604 227 4 522 353 1.88 1850 13.63

438 1975 Chevrolet C-10 Measurement Kipling&470 25AUG09:16:30:18 Before 53 18 73 369 189 4 372 364 6.99 626 10.01

438 1975 Chevrolet C-10 Measurement Caryl&470 25AUG09:16:34:28 Before 37 20 72 1634 256 4 1117 603 1.51 1902 13.87

438 1975 Chevrolet C-10 Measurement Kipling&470 25AUG09:16:38:12 Before 53 21 73 413 232 4 429 324 7.54 416 9.62

438 1975 Chevrolet C-10 Measurement IMStationDriveway 25AUG09:16:46:01 Before 12 9 75 280 531 5 3412 4307 0.81 2439 14.28

438 1975 Chevrolet C-10 Measurement IMStationDriveway 25AUG09:16:47:07 Before 13 9 75 281 1391 7 2717 1985 0.74 2196 14.36

439 1998 Pontiac Grand Prix Selection IMStationDriveway 24AUG09:15:03:46 Before 12 11 83 216 1310 7 2541 1363 2.16 29 13.43

439 1998 Pontiac Grand Prix Measurement Kipling&470 25AUG09:15:36:08 Before 53 33 72 179 90 2 262 299 6.88 138 10.11

439 1998 Pontiac Grand Prix Measurement Caryl&470 25AUG09:15:40:14 Before 40 21 72 1449 173 4 . -104 . . .

439 1998 Pontiac Grand Prix Measurement Kipling&470 25AUG09:15:44:33 Before 55 28 72 215 166 4 -36 -197 0.14 210 14.95

439 1998 Pontiac Grand Prix Measurement Caryl&470 25AUG09:15:48:10 Before 31 19 72 1474 326 5 172 56 0.04 272 15.01

439 1998 Pontiac Grand Prix Measurement IMStationDriveway 25AUG09:15:57:23 Before 13 11 79 263 42 1 11 13 0.04 253 15.02

439 1998 Pontiac Grand Prix Measurement IMStationDriveway 25AUG09:15:58:31 Before 14 12 79 264 112 3 16 -2 0.05 93 15.02

454 1988 BMW M6 Selection IMStationDriveway 25AUG09:13:59:57 Before 16 19 73 196 342 5 . 403 . . .

454 1988 BMW M6 Measurement Caryl&470 25AUG09:14:54:24 Before 53 37 63 1321 147 3 45 -48 0.03 3 15.03

454 1988 BMW M6 Measurement Caryl&470 25AUG09:15:02:09 Before 51 36 64 1344 255 4 195 127 0.00 99 15.05

454 1988 BMW M6 Measurement Caryl&470 25AUG09:15:10:21 Before 35 11 66 1374 242 4 142 -75 0.01 156 15.04

454 1988 BMW M6 Measurement Caryl&470 25AUG09:15:18:27 Before 35 13 66 1401 196 4 . -26 . . .

454 1988 BMW M6 Measurement IMStationDriveway 25AUG09:15:27:03 Before 13 10 73 236 140 3 20 6 0.05 25 15.02

454 1988 BMW M6 Measurement IMStationDriveway 25AUG09:15:30:09 Before 10 8 73 240 202 4 21 13 0.01 16 15.04

460 2003 Dodge Durango Selection IMStationDriveway 26AUG09:09:47:04 Before 18 24 67 48 89 2 18 -52 0.11 1708 14.92

460 2003 Dodge Durango Measurement Kipling&470 26AUG09:10:51:37 Before 55 25 77 910 229 4 188 111 0.30 490 14.82

460 2003 Dodge Durango Measurement Caryl&470 26AUG09:10:55:39 Before 36 20 83 706 256 4 189 -127 0.05 57 15.01

460 2003 Dodge Durango Measurement Kipling&470 26AUG09:10:58:43 Before 54 15 77 925 179 4 78 44 0.23 40 14.88

460 2003 Dodge Durango Measurement Caryl&470 26AUG09:11:03:13 Before 36 24 83 733 370 5 364 -287 -0.01 2330 14.96

460 2003 Dodge Durango Measurement IMStationDriveway 26AUG09:11:12:52 Before 11 7 80 89 159 4 87 -23 0.02 334 15.03

460 2003 Dodge Durango Measurement IMStationDriveway 26AUG09:11:13:57 Before 11 7 81 90 133 3 76 -47 0.05 23 15.01

466 2003 Acura RSX Selection IMStationDriveway 27AUG09:12:06:30 Before 10 15 84 108 125 3 38 -13 0.14 31 14.95

466 2003 Acura RSX Measurement Kipling&470 27AUG09:13:27:54 Before 52 30 85 127 162 4 86 16 -0.02 53 15.07

466 2003 Acura RSX Measurement Caryl&470 27AUG09:13:30:45 Before 41 21 86 564 179 4 49 -90 0.05 45 15.01

466 2003 Acura RSX Measurement Kipling&470 27AUG09:13:33:50 Before 54 36 85 145 210 4 18 -60 1.96 6 13.65

466 2003 Acura RSX Measurement Caryl&470 27AUG09:13:38:33 Before 36 30 88 588 316 5 114 -48 0.01 -5 15.04

466 2003 Acura RSX Measurement IMStationDriveway 27AUG09:13:46:22 Before 14 14 91 150 100 3 13 19 0.03 6 15.03
Table F-2. Selection RSMs and Measurement RSMs for Participating Vehicles (Continued)

F-38

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model Remote Sensing Measurement (RSM)

Type

(Selection;

Measurement)

Location DateTime Timing

(RSM is 

Before Repair 

or 

After Repair)

Speed (mph)VSP (kW/Mg)Temperature (F)VDFEI23EI23 BinHC Method A (ppmC3)HC Method B (ppmC3)CO Method A (%)

NO Method A (ppm)CO2 Method A (%)

466 2003 Acura RSX Measurement IMStationDriveway 27AUG09:13:47:28 Before 15 13 91 152 78 2 -1 -4 0.05 10 15.01

468 2004 Subaru Outback Selection IMStationDriveway 27AUG09:13:01:48 Before 10 13 87 132 73 2 -12 -90 0.02 -5 15.04

468 2004 Subaru Outback Measurement Kipling&470 27AUG09:15:14:35 Before 51 32 85 460 140 3 173 152 2.12 19 13.53

468 2004 Subaru Outback Measurement Caryl&470 27AUG09:15:18:16 Before 39 22 89 879 253 4 207 -20 -0.02 52 15.06

468 2004 Subaru Outback Measurement Kipling&470 27AUG09:15:22:39 Before 53 37 86 495 144 3 118 94 5.85 -2 10.86

468 2004 Subaru Outback Measurement Caryl&470 27AUG09:15:26:09 Before 40 22 89 912 181 4 133 -16 0.00 98 15.04

468 2004 Subaru Outback Measurement IMStationDriveway 27AUG09:15:35:40 Before 14 13 99 207 71 2 15 36 0.04 3 15.02

468 2004 Subaru Outback Measurement IMStationDriveway 27AUG09:15:36:47 Before 12 12 99 208 77 2 -22 -45 0.02 6 15.04

469 2000 Nissan Pathfinder Selection IMStationDriveway 27AUG09:13:03:58 Before 13 11 87 133 85 2 40 32 0.10 26 14.98

469 2000 Nissan Pathfinder Measurement Kipling&470 27AUG09:14:01:58 Before 43 31 85 237 212 4 118 -5 5.04 415 11.42

469 2000 Nissan Pathfinder Measurement Caryl&470 27AUG09:14:05:46 Before 37 17 89 653 354 5 116 -62 0.01 218 15.03

469 2000 Nissan Pathfinder Measurement Kipling&470 27AUG09:14:08:36 Before 54 38 85 257 237 4 85 38 4.71 318 11.67

469 2000 Nissan Pathfinder Measurement Caryl&470 27AUG09:14:13:09 Before 37 19 89 674 329 5 184 -26 -0.02 284 15.05

469 2000 Nissan Pathfinder Measurement IMStationDriveway 27AUG09:14:20:47 Before 12 9 95 172 92 3 36 -66 0.06 231 15.00

469 2000 Nissan Pathfinder Measurement IMStationDriveway 27AUG09:14:21:53 Before 12 9 95 173 90 2 30 75 0.02 12 15.04

475 2000 Chevrolet Astro Selection IMStationDriveway 27AUG09:15:21:29 Before 11 14 98 196 1035 6 438 662 0.12 380 14.94

475 2000 Chevrolet Astro Measurement Kipling&470 27AUG09:16:35:11 Before 49 27 84 766 273 5 86 -91 0.08 717 14.97

475 2000 Chevrolet Astro Measurement Caryl&470 27AUG09:16:38:18 Before 38 19 89 1144 270 5 234 -177 0.02 524 15.01

475 2000 Chevrolet Astro Measurement Kipling&470 27AUG09:16:42:24 Before 53 25 84 819 234 4 216 262 0.19 1217 14.87

475 2000 Chevrolet Astro Measurement Caryl&470 27AUG09:16:46:21 Before 37 19 88 1184 175 4 267 -172 0.05 267 15.00

475 2000 Chevrolet Astro Measurement IMStationDriveway 27AUG09:16:55:13 Before 13 9 102 243 3560 7 1444 1537 0.29 67 14.80

475 2000 Chevrolet Astro Measurement IMStationDriveway 27AUG09:16:57:54 Before 13 8 102 246 457 5 731 558 0.44 59 14.72

481 2003 Nissan Frontier Selection IMStationDriveway 28AUG09:08:26:52 Before 12 13 67 10 64 2 28 -109 0.00 -14 15.05

481 2003 Nissan Frontier Measurement Kipling&470 28AUG09:09:32:21 Before 52 26 83 663 228 4 245 335 10.58 28 7.46

481 2003 Nissan Frontier Measurement Caryl&470 28AUG09:09:36:54 Before 38 22 74 400 259 4 121 -10 0.05 23 15.01

481 2003 Nissan Frontier Measurement Kipling&470 28AUG09:09:39:53 Before 55 25 83 683 261 4 75 78 5.74 76 10.93

481 2003 Nissan Frontier Measurement Caryl&470 28AUG09:09:43:15 Before 37 23 74 427 254 4 158 -32 0.05 15 15.01

481 2003 Nissan Frontier Measurement IMStationDriveway 28AUG09:09:51:27 Before 13 9 70 49 115 3 35 -30 0.01 4 15.05

481 2003 Nissan Frontier Measurement IMStationDriveway 28AUG09:09:52:26 Before 13 10 70 51 86 2 20 -12 0.03 239 15.02

482 1992 Nissan Stanza Selection IMStationDriveway 28AUG09:08:50:04 Before 14 15 68 16 75 2 69 38 0.97 173 14.35

482 1992 Nissan Stanza Measurement Kipling&470 28AUG09:10:51:29 Before 52 21 87 853 323 5 59 -259 0.27 836 14.83

482 1992 Nissan Stanza Measurement Caryl&470 28AUG09:10:54:27 Before 36 21 82 664 370 5 143 -98 0.71 363 14.53

482 1992 Nissan Stanza Measurement Kipling&470 28AUG09:10:58:35 Before 53 24 87 868 137 3 -1 -104 0.21 360 14.89

482 1992 Nissan Stanza Measurement Caryl&470 28AUG09:11:02:03 Before 37 21 82 681 279 5 90 40 0.57 206 14.64

482 1992 Nissan Stanza Measurement IMStationDriveway 28AUG09:11:09:53 Before 15 14 74 101 144 3 82 69 0.35 282 14.79

482 1992 Nissan Stanza Measurement IMStationDriveway 28AUG09:11:11:22 Before 13 14 74 103 85 2 19 10 0.16 217 14.93
Table F-2. Selection RSMs and Measurement RSMs for Participating Vehicles (Continued)

F-39

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model Remote Sensing Measurement (RSM)

Type

(Selection;

Measurement)

Location DateTime Timing

(RSM is 

Before Repair 

or 

After Repair)

Speed (mph)VSP (kW/Mg)Temperature (F)VDFEI23EI23 BinHC Method A (ppmC3)HC Method B (ppmC3)CO Method A (%)

NO Method A (ppm)CO2 Method A (%)

486 1993 Jeep Cherokee Selection IMStationDriveway 28AUG09:09:56:37 Before 14 12 70 56 55 1 356 306 0.70 3865 14.40

486 1993 Jeep Cherokee Measurement Kipling&470 28AUG09:12:30:39 Before 50 25 85 42 193 4 155 182 0.42 2092 14.67

486 1993 Jeep Cherokee Measurement Caryl&470 28AUG09:12:34:32 Before 35 18 85 969 588 6 303 -30 0.09 688 14.95

486 1993 Jeep Cherokee Measurement Kipling&470 28AUG09:12:37:50 Before 54 25 85 67 219 4 237 7 0.90 1238 14.36

486 1993 Jeep Cherokee Measurement Caryl&470 28AUG09:12:42:00 Before 38 22 86 988 394 5 175 -200 0.07 662 14.97

486 1993 Jeep Cherokee Measurement IMStationDriveway 28AUG09:12:49:15 Before 15 19 81 157 129 3 192 130 2.58 340 13.18

486 1993 Jeep Cherokee Measurement IMStationDriveway 28AUG09:12:50:34 Before 3 0 81 160 110 3 249 158 2.94 276 12.93

489 1991 Ford Bronco Selection IMStationDriveway 28AUG09:11:26:04 Before 13 14 74 108 4431 7 3452 3419 4.27 381 11.88

489 1991 Ford Bronco Measurement Kipling&470 28AUG09:14:05:36 Before 46 13 84 389 364 4 3872 3994 10.80 410 7.18

489 1991 Ford Bronco Measurement Kipling&470 28AUG09:14:13:55 Before 48 22 84 422 1171 6 3948 3231 10.13 316 7.66

489 1991 Ford Bronco Measurement Kipling&470 28AUG09:14:22:31 Before 46 18 84 443 433 5 2090 1785 8.57 275 8.84

489 1991 Ford Bronco Measurement Kipling&470 28AUG09:14:28:42 Before 32 16 84 469 339 5 1674 1044 6.37 209 10.43

489 1991 Ford Bronco Measurement Kipling&470 28AUG09:14:36:12 Before 34 15 84 497 313 5 888 1178 1.39 181 14.03

489 1991 Ford Bronco Measurement IMStationDriveway 28AUG09:14:43:57 Before 11 6 98 238 8618 7 4132 3047 0.58 486 14.49

489 1991 Ford Bronco Measurement IMStationDriveway 28AUG09:14:45:12 Before 11 7 98 241 5404 7 8811 9569 0.71 129 14.28

494 1995 Mazda MX-6 Selection IMStationDriveway 28AUG09:12:58:06 Before 15 19 81 166 219 4 595 722 3.82 275 12.29

494 1995 Mazda MX-6 Measurement Kipling&470 28AUG09:15:46:39 Before 53 23 85 771 214 4 51 63 0.18 2961 14.81

494 1995 Mazda MX-6 Measurement Caryl&470 28AUG09:15:50:18 Before 36 22 87 1566 307 5 111 34 0.22 860 14.86

494 1995 Mazda MX-6 Measurement Kipling&470 28AUG09:15:54:04 Before 52 1 86 795 258 4 . 1013 . . .

494 1995 Mazda MX-6 Measurement Caryl&470 28AUG09:15:58:17 Before 37 23 87 1588 173 4 76 -1 0.08 318 14.98

494 1995 Mazda MX-6 Measurement IMStationDriveway 28AUG09:16:09:57 Before 17 12 105 285 72 2 478 492 4.47 315 11.82

494 1995 Mazda MX-6 Measurement IMStationDriveway 28AUG09:16:11:10 Before 14 19 105 287 116 3 572 384 3.80 121 12.31

497 1994 Buick Century Selection IMStationDriveway 28AUG09:14:41:39 Before 11 12 98 236 183 4 34 -58 -0.05 2009 15.02

497 1994 Buick Century Measurement Kipling&470 31AUG09:10:13:11 Before 55 36 79 810 159 4 109 100 0.41 980 14.72

497 1994 Buick Century Measurement Caryl&470 31AUG09:10:16:54 Before 37 23 72 487 240 4 270 206 0.11 189 14.96

497 1994 Buick Century Measurement Kipling&470 31AUG09:10:20:09 Before 55 49 77 831 231 4 235 287 1.15 824 14.19

497 1994 Buick Century Measurement Caryl&470 31AUG09:10:25:33 Before 36 23 73 504 335 5 250 31 0.04 290 15.01

497 1994 Buick Century Measurement IMStationDriveway 31AUG09:10:33:10 Before 12 10 70 120 109 3 266 335 0.31 1321 14.78

497 1994 Buick Century Measurement IMStationDriveway 31AUG09:10:34:10 Before 13 9 70 121 90 2 178 102 0.12 578 14.94

498 1998 Honda Accord Selection IMStationDriveway 28AUG09:15:00:38 Before 10 13 100 245 59 2 66 64 0.59 111 14.62

498 1998 Honda Accord Measurement Kipling&470 31AUG09:11:15:39 Before 52 50 88 955 213 4 388 406 5.70 489 10.94

498 1998 Honda Accord Measurement Caryl&470 31AUG09:11:19:37 Before 33 23 84 643 239 4 168 157 1.73 -30 13.81

498 1998 Honda Accord Measurement Kipling&470 31AUG09:11:23:36 Before 52 34 88 976 178 4 166 16 2.74 114 13.08

498 1998 Honda Accord Measurement Caryl&470 31AUG09:11:28:18 Before 37 19 85 674 385 5 143 -94 0.02 84 15.03

498 1998 Honda Accord Measurement IMStationDriveway 31AUG09:11:38:39 Before 15 18 77 168 71 2 1 -11 0.21 89 14.90

498 1998 Honda Accord Measurement IMStationDriveway 31AUG09:11:39:30 Before 15 17 77 170 72 2 29 111 0.34 119 14.81
Table F-2. Selection RSMs and Measurement RSMs for Participating Vehicles (Continued)

F-40

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model Remote Sensing Measurement (RSM)

Type

(Selection;

Measurement)

Location DateTime Timing

(RSM is 

Before Repair 

or 

After Repair)

Speed (mph)VSP (kW/Mg)Temperature (F)VDFEI23EI23 BinHC Method A (ppmC3)HC Method B (ppmC3)CO Method A (%)

NO Method A (ppm)CO2 Method A (%)

504 1992 Ford F150 Selection IMStationDriveway 31AUG09:09:01:58 Before 12 5 63 49 260 4 148 -74 0.09 153 14.98

504 1992 Ford F150 Measurement Kipling&470 31AUG09:14:04:07 Before 48 26 82 263 119 3 417 271 5.06 420 11.40

504 1992 Ford F150 Measurement Caryl&470 31AUG09:14:09:28 Before 37 22 82 1076 321 5 237 -9 0.00 623 15.02

504 1992 Ford F150 Measurement Kipling&470 31AUG09:14:12:24 Before 49 27 82 278 178 4 205 233 4.14 579 12.06

504 1992 Ford F150 Measurement Caryl&470 31AUG09:14:15:38 Before 36 24 85 1090 389 5 209 -235 0.02 645 15.01

504 1992 Ford F150 Measurement IMStationDriveway 31AUG09:14:24:37 Before 12 12 85 292 89 2 167 100 0.08 672 14.97

504 1992 Ford F150 Measurement IMStationDriveway 31AUG09:14:28:18 Before 13 11 85 298 127 3 103 60 0.04 659 15.00

507 2001 Toyota Sequoia Selection IMStationDriveway 31AUG09:09:57:39 Before 18 21 70 95 69 2 -14 8 0.00 281 15.04

507 2001 Toyota Sequoia Measurement Caryl&470 31AUG09:12:32:00 Before 37 19 83 849 309 5 41 -77 0.04 30 15.03

507 2001 Toyota Sequoia Measurement Caryl&470 31AUG09:12:40:41 Before 38 23 83 868 263 4 130 -27 0.02 40 15.03

507 2001 Toyota Sequoia Measurement Kipling&470 31AUG09:12:44:58 Before 58 24 83 31 313 5 125 75 2.39 229 13.33

507 2001 Toyota Sequoia Measurement Caryl&470 31AUG09:12:48:14 Before 53 50 81 891 243 4 121 -28 7.05 114 9.99

507 2001 Toyota Sequoia Measurement IMStationDriveway 31AUG09:13:04:45 Before 14 12 85 227 78 2 -23 -24 -0.02 35 15.06

507 2001 Toyota Sequoia Measurement IMStationDriveway 31AUG09:13:05:49 Before 15 10 85 230 72 2 -3 -31 0.06 32 15.01

512 2005 Hyundai Santa Fe Selection IMStationDriveway 31AUG09:11:18:24 Before 14 20 74 148 103 3 20 49 0.04 -31 15.03

512 2005 Hyundai Santa Fe Measurement Kipling&470 31AUG09:16:28:52 Before 55 25 82 706 85 2 -13 -50 0.11 41 14.98

512 2005 Hyundai Santa Fe Measurement Caryl&470 31AUG09:16:32:13 Before 36 22 79 1516 246 4 107 18 0.00 -13 15.05

512 2005 Hyundai Santa Fe Measurement Kipling&470 31AUG09:16:36:09 Before 51 29 81 747 135 3 30 15 0.05 116 15.02

512 2005 Hyundai Santa Fe Measurement Caryl&470 31AUG09:16:40:22 Before 35 20 79 1558 326 5 148 -34 0.00 8 15.05

512 2005 Hyundai Santa Fe Measurement IMStationDriveway 31AUG09:16:49:10 Before 15 20 81 371 94 3 -5 -53 0.02 -8 15.04

512 2005 Hyundai Santa Fe Measurement IMStationDriveway 31AUG09:16:50:07 Before 15 17 81 373 87 2 4 -51 0.02 3 15.04

517 1999 Chevrolet Lumina Selection IMStationDriveway 31AUG09:13:07:15 Before 13 12 85 233 68 2 -3 -9 0.02 233 15.03

517 1999 Chevrolet Lumina Measurement Kipling&470 01SEP09:10:01:57 Before 55 22 94 697 99 3 . -53 . . .

517 1999 Chevrolet Lumina Measurement Caryl&470 01SEP09:10:08:17 Before 37 19 77 486 52 1 26 20 0.02 572 15.02

517 1999 Chevrolet Lumina Measurement Kipling&470 01SEP09:10:09:46 Before 54 23 94 717 118 3 -27 -211 0.11 561 14.96

517 1999 Chevrolet Lumina Measurement Caryl&470 01SEP09:10:14:27 Before 37 20 77 505 74 2 -12 -27 0.01 394 15.03

517 1999 Chevrolet Lumina Measurement IMStationDriveway 01SEP09:10:20:48 Before 14 13 77 68 105 3 7 -4 0.03 566 15.01

517 1999 Chevrolet Lumina Measurement IMStationDriveway 01SEP09:10:21:50 Before 14 12 77 69 103 3 35 20 0.06 556 14.99

521 1994 Nissan Sentra Selection IMStationDriveway 31AUG09:14:03:22 Before 12 10 83 275 78 2 32 10 0.04 1348 14.98

521 1994 Nissan Sentra Measurement Kipling&470 31AUG09:15:28:55 Before 44 25 83 486 88 2 294 312 6.27 130 10.55

521 1994 Nissan Sentra Measurement Caryl&470 31AUG09:15:32:08 Before 37 18 84 1322 124 3 73 -27 0.02 89 15.04

521 1994 Nissan Sentra Measurement Kipling&470 31AUG09:15:36:05 Before 51 23 84 512 101 3 212 140 5.92 83 10.80

521 1994 Nissan Sentra Measurement Caryl&470 31AUG09:15:40:11 Before 38 16 84 1350 190 4 23 -73 0.05 225 15.01

521 1994 Nissan Sentra Measurement IMStationDriveway 31AUG09:15:56:22 Before 13 10 86 345 87 2 328 481 2.62 266 13.15

521 1994 Nissan Sentra Measurement IMStationDriveway 31AUG09:15:57:23 Before 12 6 86 348 84 2 316 297 1.34 140 14.08

527 1995 Eagle Talon Selection IMStationDriveway 31AUG09:15:19:13 Before 12 13 82 324 1293 7 2043 2642 2.74 237 13.02
Table F-2. Selection RSMs and Measurement RSMs for Participating Vehicles (Continued)

F-41

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model Remote Sensing Measurement (RSM)

Type

(Selection;

Measurement)

Location DateTime Timing

(RSM is 

Before Repair 

or 

After Repair)

Speed (mph)VSP (kW/Mg)Temperature (F)VDFEI23EI23 BinHC Method A (ppmC3)HC Method B (ppmC3)CO Method A (%)

NO Method A (ppm)CO2 Method A (%)

527 1995 Eagle Talon Measurement Caryl&470 01SEP09:11:20:46 Before 35 19 84 699 63 2 169 110 0.04 1148 14.98

527 1995 Eagle Talon Measurement Caryl&470 01SEP09:11:27:00 Before 36 15 84 722 299 5 . 226 . . .

527 1995 Eagle Talon Measurement Kipling&470 01SEP09:11:28:54 Before 50 23 91 893 112 3 324 331 3.28 317 12.68

527 1995 Eagle Talon Measurement Caryl&470 01SEP09:11:33:14 Before 37 25 85 740 110 3 713 518 0.14 1520 14.88

527 1995 Eagle Talon Measurement Kipling&470 01SEP09:11:34:52 Before 54 34 92 917 171 4 611 481 4.66 594 11.68

527 1995 Eagle Talon Measurement IMStationDriveway 01SEP09:11:51:45 Before 13 12 86 112 267 4 1103 831 0.08 1258 14.92

527 1995 Eagle Talon Measurement IMStationDriveway 01SEP09:11:53:14 Before 13 11 86 116 566 6 770 672 0.08 1260 14.93

540 1998 Honda Accord Selection IMStationDriveway 01SEP09:13:40:20 Before 15 19 96 160 427 5 333 45 1.30 -27 14.12

540 1998 Honda Accord Measurement Kipling&470 01SEP09:14:36:23 Before 47 28 91 332 172 4 66 37 1.28 -29 14.14

540 1998 Honda Accord Measurement Caryl&470 01SEP09:14:43:09 Before 40 15 89 1293 47 1 80 47 0.01 18 15.05

540 1998 Honda Accord Measurement Kipling&470 01SEP09:14:44:41 Before 52 28 91 358 247 4 128 52 -0.03 13 15.07

540 1998 Honda Accord Measurement Caryl&470 01SEP09:14:49:23 Before 35 18 89 1308 78 2 161 129 0.05 -11 15.01

540 1998 Honda Accord Measurement IMStationDriveway 01SEP09:14:55:43 Before 14 12 100 196 334 5 933 933 0.03 -35 15.00

540 1998 Honda Accord Measurement IMStationDriveway 01SEP09:14:56:44 Before 15 16 100 199 1050 7 694 237 0.03 38 15.01

542 1986 Subaru GL10 Selection IMStationDriveway 01SEP09:15:55:19 Before 14 15 96 225 80 2 25 60 1.20 91 14.19

542 1986 Subaru GL10 Measurement Caryl&470 01SEP09:17:07:32 Before 41 23 83 1716 49 1 . -3 . . .

542 1986 Subaru GL10 Measurement Kipling&470 01SEP09:17:10:12 Before 45 29 86 955 160 4 61 22 5.72 10 10.95

542 1986 Subaru GL10 Measurement Caryl&470 01SEP09:17:15:30 Before 40 22 83 1753 81 2 175 148 3.95 72 12.21

542 1986 Subaru GL10 Measurement Kipling&470 01SEP09:17:17:56 Before 51 32 86 991 149 3 183 69 8.89 49 8.67

542 1986 Subaru GL10 Measurement IMStationDriveway 01SEP09:17:25:26 Before 13 12 90 254 51 1 -8 -14 0.53 133 14.67

542 1986 Subaru GL10 Measurement IMStationDriveway 01SEP09:17:26:22 Before 15 14 90 255 87 2 -10 -25 0.05 197 15.01

546 1996 Geo Prizm Selection IMStationDriveway 02SEP09:09:10:10 Before 14 15 72 24 249 4 668 339 0.22 849 14.85

546 1996 Geo Prizm Measurement Kipling&470 02SEP09:11:47:44 Before 52 31 90 1034 201 4 323 266 5.22 743 11.28

546 1996 Geo Prizm Measurement Caryl&470 02SEP09:11:51:35 Before 36 21 85 1383 143 3 182 172 0.18 729 14.89

546 1996 Geo Prizm Measurement Kipling&470 02SEP09:11:54:31 Before 51 31 89 1052 93 2 405 319 5.04 565 11.41

546 1996 Geo Prizm Measurement Caryl&470 02SEP09:11:57:55 Before 36 20 82 1396 222 4 448 399 0.43 250 14.72

546 1996 Geo Prizm Measurement IMStationDriveway 02SEP09:12:07:05 Before 14 13 84 121 460 5 1745 -135 0.54 647 14.59

546 1996 Geo Prizm Measurement IMStationDriveway 02SEP09:12:08:06 Before 14 14 84 122 526 6 1219 -1155 0.52 434 14.63

547 1975 Ford Ranger F250 Selection IMStationDriveway 02SEP09:09:11:11 Before 16 22 72 30 385 5 1318 504 8.42 486 8.96

547 1975 Ford Ranger F250 Measurement Kipling&470 02SEP09:10:26:29 Before 49 30 84 860 197 4 1341 728 8.15 515 9.15

547 1975 Ford Ranger F250 Measurement Caryl&470 02SEP09:10:30:14 Before 36 21 78 1158 274 4 696 663 4.05 1601 12.07

547 1975 Ford Ranger F250 Measurement Kipling&470 02SEP09:10:33:10 Before 51 33 84 872 162 3 1432 1625 8.70 585 8.75

547 1975 Ford Ranger F250 Measurement Caryl&470 02SEP09:10:36:34 Before 37 25 83 1169 222 4 909 724 3.40 1618 12.53

547 1975 Ford Ranger F250 Measurement IMStationDriveway 02SEP09:10:45:53 Before 14 8 76 81 82 2 1161 624 4.39 714 11.84

547 1975 Ford Ranger F250 Measurement IMStationDriveway 02SEP09:10:46:59 Before 12 8 76 83 85 2 1300 554 4.37 792 11.85

550 1992 Ford Taurus Selection IMStationDriveway 02SEP09:14:19:25 Before 12 8 97 168 3050 7 4015 -2117 0.14 301 14.82
Table F-2. Selection RSMs and Measurement RSMs for Participating Vehicles (Continued)

F-42

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model Remote Sensing Measurement (RSM)

Type

(Selection;

Measurement)

Location DateTime Timing

(RSM is 

Before Repair 

or 

After Repair)

Speed (mph)VSP (kW/Mg)Temperature (F)VDFEI23EI23 BinHC Method A (ppmC3)HC Method B (ppmC3)CO Method A (%)

NO Method A (ppm)CO2 Method A (%)

550 1992 Ford Taurus Measurement Kipling&470 02SEP09:15:18:55 Before 54 -3 86 375 137 3 557 467 5.39 241 11.17

550 1992 Ford Taurus Measurement Caryl&470 02SEP09:15:21:55 Before 36 19 87 1985 474 5 345 120 0.10 248 14.96

550 1992 Ford Taurus Measurement Kipling&470 02SEP09:15:25:47 Before 55 1 85 399 153 3 696 596 1.01 230 14.30

550 1992 Ford Taurus Measurement Caryl&470 02SEP09:15:30:39 Before 34 17 89 2002 303 4 1847 1490 -0.03 -36 15.02

550 1992 Ford Taurus Measurement IMStationDriveway 02SEP09:15:38:37 Before 12 8 102 207 2959 7 3192 -395 0.16 415 14.83

550 1992 Ford Taurus Measurement IMStationDriveway 02SEP09:15:39:44 Before 10 6 102 209 2839 7 3000 -166 0.08 681 14.88

559 1989 Oldsmobile Regency Selection IMStationDriveway 03SEP09:12:12:14 Before 14 14 85 94 115 3 389 -148 0.40 410 14.74

559 1989 Oldsmobile Regency Measurement Kipling&470 03SEP09:13:12:59 Before 53 22 87 114 178 4 226 304 6.73 807 10.20

559 1989 Oldsmobile Regency Measurement Caryl&470 03SEP09:13:19:07 Before 39 21 82 1073 73 2 157 109 0.17 648 14.91

559 1989 Oldsmobile Regency Measurement Kipling&470 03SEP09:13:20:37 Before 54 17 87 134 143 3 -51 -341 0.07 2600 14.91

559 1989 Oldsmobile Regency Measurement Caryl&470 03SEP09:13:26:39 Before 37 20 82 1092 78 2 322 199 0.19 676 14.89

559 1989 Oldsmobile Regency Measurement IMStationDriveway 03SEP09:13:34:26 Before 14 14 92 132 351 5 704 -832 0.08 1045 14.94

559 1989 Oldsmobile Regency Measurement IMStationDriveway 03SEP09:13:35:24 Before 15 12 92 133 361 5 299 -306 0.06 520 14.98

563 1998 Ford Taurus Selection IMStationDriveway 03SEP09:14:53:24 Before 16 23 100 164 72 2 209 212 5.12 83 11.37

563 1998 Ford Taurus Measurement Kipling&470 03SEP09:15:56:40 Before 56 24 84 615 163 4 130 117 2.71 60 13.10

563 1998 Ford Taurus Measurement Caryl&470 03SEP09:16:01:12 Before 39 25 83 1571 55 1 39 45 0.02 22 15.04

563 1998 Ford Taurus Measurement Kipling&470 03SEP09:16:03:51 Before 57 31 84 641 113 3 149 149 5.88 155 10.83

563 1998 Ford Taurus Measurement Caryl&470 03SEP09:16:09:08 Before 39 24 82 1598 74 2 28 21 0.04 65 15.03

563 1998 Ford Taurus Measurement IMStationDriveway 03SEP09:16:17:32 Before 13 11 89 207 86 2 -8 5 -0.01 13 15.06

563 1998 Ford Taurus Measurement IMStationDriveway 03SEP09:16:18:56 Before 13 13 89 209 105 3 -9 17 0.01 105 15.04

568 1997 Saturn SL1 Selection IMStationDriveway 04SEP09:10:38:59 Before 16 20 75 95 603 6 896 -707 2.92 577 12.91

568 1997 Saturn SL1 Measurement Kipling&470 04SEP09:11:31:15 Before 55 22 94 796 138 3 . -2 . . .

568 1997 Saturn SL1 Measurement Caryl&470 04SEP09:11:36:37 Before 39 21 79 1236 68 2 46 65 0.02 18 15.04

568 1997 Saturn SL1 Measurement Kipling&470 04SEP09:11:38:08 Before 55 23 94 826 223 4 . 143 . . .

568 1997 Saturn SL1 Measurement Caryl&470 04SEP09:11:44:07 Before 38 20 79 1268 76 2 221 211 0.03 78 15.03

568 1997 Saturn SL1 Measurement IMStationDriveway 04SEP09:11:50:44 Before 12 7 83 117 4456 7 2848 -980 0.10 15 14.90

568 1997 Saturn SL1 Measurement IMStationDriveway 04SEP09:11:51:10 Before 14 1 83 118 439 5 . 778 . . .
F-43

Table F-3. Before-Repair and After-Repair PSHED Measurements for Participating Vehicles

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to vehicle)

Year Make Model PSHED Measurement

Seal DateTime Timing

(PSHED is 

Before Repair 

or 

After Repair)

Seal Temperature 

(F)

Final Temperature 

(F)

Seal Barometric 

Pressure 

("Hg)

Measure PSHED HC 

at 15 Minute Soak

(g/Qhr)

7 1998 Ford Explorer 29JUN09:11:42:00 Before 90 98 24.39 0.176

9 1992 Saturn SL 29JUN09:13:43:00 Before 92 98 24.36 5.039

9 1992 Saturn SL 07JUL09:09:24:00 After 80 98 24.29 0.193

17 1993 Mercury Grand Marquis 29JUN09:15:35:00 Before 93 99 24.34 56.424

17 1993 Mercury Grand Marquis 06JUL09:09:10:00 After 79 99 24.38 0.082

18 2003 VW Passat 29JUN09:17:20:00 Before 94 100 24.32 0.099

20 1990 Nissan Pathfinder 30JUN09:10:37:00 Before 88 98 24.38 0.234

21 1991 Jeep Wrangler 30JUN09:11:52:00 Before 93 100 24.38 1.241

25 2000 Audi A6 30JUN09:13:54:00 Before 94 104 24.36 0.266

27 1992 Jeep Wrangler 30JUN09:15:42:00 Before 96 105 24.34 5.939

27 1992 Jeep Wrangler 06JUL09:10:20:00 After 85 105 24.39 0.268

28 1989 Dodge Raider 30JUN09:17:16:00 Before 94 104 24.32 19.380

28 1989 Dodge Raider 02JUL09:10:32:00 After 83 104 24.49 0.329

34 1995 Ford Ranger 01JUL09:13:21:00 Before 96 106 24.31 2.996

34 1995 Ford Ranger 07JUL09:13:09:00 After 92 106 24.26 0.281

39 1994 Jeep Grand Cherokee 02JUL09:09:40:00 Before 80 90 24.48 0.194

42 1987 Dodge Power Ram 06JUL09:12:38:00 Before 88 102 24.36 24.117

44 1989 Chevrolet Caprice 06JUL09:16:01:00 Before 90 97 24.29 14.015

45 1997 Ford F150 06JUL09:14:35:00 Before 90 101 24.30 0.043

46 1990 Ford Taurus 06JUL09:16:33:00 Before 92 97 24.28 3.058

48 1994 Chevrolet Camaro 06JUL09:17:27:00 Before 86 91 24.30 6.667

48 1994 Chevrolet Camaro 08JUL09:14:35:00 After 95 91 24.24 0.916

49 1994 Mazda 929 07JUL09:11:28:00 Before 92 98 24.27 15.588

53 1997 Pontiac Grand Am 07JUL09:09:49:00 Before 84 90 24.27 0.258

57 1996 Ford Explorer XLT 07JUL09:12:12:00 Before 90 97 24.28 0.033

62 2003 Toyota Tundra 07JUL09:17:29:00 Before 91 98 24.24 0.011

64 1976 Oldsmobile Omega 08JUL09:13:41:00 Before 95 102 24.24 15.649

68 2001 Jeep Wrangler 09JUL09:10:51:00 Before 77 91 24.40 0.087

69 2002 Land Rover Freelander 08JUL09:17:38:00 Before 95 105 24.19 0.054

75.096 1986 Toyota MR2 09JUL09:15:48:00 Before 85 92 24.35 0.249

77 1987 Saab 900 Turbo 09JUL09:17:43:00 Before 83 90 24.35 3.906

77 1987 Saab 900 Turbo 15JUL09:13:02:00 After 85 90 24.49 0.417

79 1988 Chevrolet 1500 Pickup 10JUL09:13:59:00 Before 92 102 24.46 18.250

79 1988 Chevrolet 1500 Pickup 16JUL09:09:21:00 After 84 102 24.54 0.597

82 1993 Cadillac El Dorado 10JUL09:15:26:00 Before 95 104 24.41 0.473

85 1996 Dodge Ram 1500 16JUL09:12:32:00 Before 91 101 24.54 6.077

91 1977 Chevrolet Blazer 15JUL09:10:58:00 Before 76 92 24.52 15.176

91 1977 Chevrolet Blazer 24JUL09:09:52:00 After 90 92 24.40 18.463

92 1997 Ford F150 14JUL09:11:08:00 Before 87 96 24.35 0.022
Table F-3. Before-Repair and After-Repair PSHED Measurements for Participating Vehicles (Continued)

F-44

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to vehicle)

Year Make Model PSHED Measurement

Seal DateTime Timing

(PSHED is 

Before Repair 

or 

After Repair)

Seal Temperature 

(F)

Final Temperature 

(F)

Seal Barometric 

Pressure 

("Hg)

Measure PSHED HC 

at 15 Minute Soak

(g/Qhr)

93 2003 Dodge Durango 14JUL09:13:21:00 Before 93 100 24.32 0.051

95 1998 Nissan Quest 15JUL09:09:19:00 Before 74 83 24.53 0.451

100 1984 Chevrolet Suburban 15JUL09:12:08:00 Before 82 98 24.50 10.130

100 1984 Chevrolet Suburban 23JUL09:16:46:00 After 96 98 24.38 20.847

103.122 1988 Toyota Camry 16JUL09:10:49:00 Before 88 96 24.55 5.011

103.122 1988 Toyota Camry 17JUL09:13:28:00 After 93 96 24.55 7.744

108 1995 Cadillac SLS 16JUL09:14:11:00 Before 91 101 24.53 22.449

108 1995 Cadillac SLS 23JUL09:16:08:00 After 96 101 24.37 0.256

109 1995 Toyota Avalon 20JUL09:15:13:00 Before 95 102 24.32 2.352

109 1995 Toyota Avalon 20JUL09:15:53:00 After 92 102 24.33 0.066

110 2005 Toyota Avalon 16JUL09:16:27:00 Before 92 99 24.52 0.038

112 1986 Ford LTD 16JUL09:15:47:00 Before 92 101 24.51 9.116

112 1986 Ford LTD 07AUG09:12:08:00 After 93 101 24.22 0.517

120 1989 Chevrolet Camaro 17JUL09:12:00:00 Before 90 101 24.56 20.322

121 1994 Isuzu Amigo 17JUL09:12:40:00 Before 92 102 24.56 0.115

127 1993 Jeep Cherokee 17JUL09:17:00:00 Before 93 106 24.50 26.376

127 1993 Jeep Cherokee 24JUL09:09:02:00 After 85 106 24.40 0.523

130 1995 Ford Explorer 20JUL09:11:16:00 Before 90 98 24.38 0.049

131 1997 Subaru Outback 20JUL09:12:30:00 Before 91 102 24.37 0.100

134 2003 Chevrolet Impala 20JUL09:13:54:00 Before 92 100 24.36 0.024

135 2001 Chrysler Sebring 21JUL09:10:32:00 Before 75 86 24.48 0.047

138 2002 Suzuki Vitara 21JUL09:09:16:00 Before 74 82 24.51 0.020

139 2002 Pontiac Sunfire 20JUL09:17:10:00 Before 90 96 24.35 0.027

156 1999 Ford Explorer 22JUL09:11:34:00 Before 83 94 24.45 0.015

157 1982 Ford F150 Explorer 22JUL09:14:54:00 Before 94 104 24.42 5.074

157 1982 Ford F150 Explorer 22JUL09:15:28:00 After 95 104 24.41 3.217

158 2005 Chevrolet Cobalt 22JUL09:12:52:00 Before 85 93 24.44 0.015

159 1990 Mazda MX-6 23JUL09:09:35:00 Before 81 88 24.42 0.728

161 2001 Saturn SC-1 23JUL09:11:01:00 Before 89 97 24.40 0.015

162.332 1995 Jeep Wrangler 11AUG09:14:21:00 Before 91 99 24.50 0.166

163 2002 Volvo S60 23JUL09:13:44:00 Before 94 103 24.39 0.052

168 1994 Saturn SL2 23JUL09:15:03:00 Before 96 103 24.36 25.565

177 2004 Dodge Ram 1500 24JUL09:16:28:00 Before 100 111 24.35 0.034

178 1969 VW CP - Dunebuggy 24JUL09:13:15:00 Before 99 102 24.37 1.975

184 1998 VW Jetta 27JUL09:09:44:00 Before 77 87 24.50 0.137

185 2002 Toyota Echo 27JUL09:10:50:00 Before 82 89 24.49 0.018

186 1995 Ford F150 27JUL09:11:58:00 Before 85 98 24.47 0.145

188 2005 Lexus GX-470 27JUL09:13:05:00 Before 88 101 24.45 0.015

189 1993 GMC Safari 27JUL09:14:44:00 Before 87 101 24.41 0.282

190 2001 Ford Expedition 28JUL09:10:26:00 Before 72 84 24.44 0.045

192 1991 Infiniti Q45 28JUL09:08:56:00 Before 71 . 24.44 0.043

193 2003 Ford Focus 28JUL09:09:34:00 Before 74 77 24.45 0.053
Table F-3. Before-Repair and After-Repair PSHED Measurements for Participating Vehicles (Continued)

F-45

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to vehicle)

Year Make Model PSHED Measurement

Seal DateTime Timing

(PSHED is 

Before Repair 

or 

After Repair)

Seal Temperature 

(F)

Final Temperature 

(F)

Seal Barometric 

Pressure 

("Hg)

Measure PSHED HC 

at 15 Minute Soak

(g/Qhr)

194 1994 Geo Prizm 28JUL09:11:27:00 Before 73 78 24.44 0.039

197 2000 Honda Accord 28JUL09:12:54:00 Before 74 81 24.43 0.025

203.205 1991 Jeep Wrangler 28JUL09:14:45:00 Before 76 84 24.40 13.730

203.205 1991 Jeep Wrangler 31JUL09:11:45:00 After 89 84 24.36 0.592

212 1977 Ford Econoline 28JUL09:16:58:00 Before 77 89 24.37 7.620

213 1979 Dodge D-150 29JUL09:09:46:00 Before 75 86 24.35 3.830

214 2000 Chevrolet S-10 29JUL09:11:21:00 Before 76 82 24.36 0.025

217 1994 Ford Ranger 29JUL09:13:46:00 Before 73 80 24.36 0.841

218 1990 VW Cabriolet 29JUL09:10:42:00 Before 77 82 24.36 0.325

219 1991 Lexus LS400 29JUL09:14:45:00 Before 75 84 24.33 0.100

220 1994 Toyota Tacoma 29JUL09:15:47:00 Before 75 81 24.37 0.044

221 1994 Ford Bronco 29JUL09:12:20:00 Before 73 . 24.35 0.041

232 1992 Ford Explorer 30JUL09:13:36:00 Before 65 73 24.47 0.164

238 1993 Jeep Wrangler 30JUL09:17:15:00 Before 70 79 24.42 0.287

246 2003 Chevrolet Suburban 31JUL09:10:51:00 Before 84 97 24.37 0.024

249 1997 BMW 328i 31JUL09:13:18:00 Before 87 96 24.34 0.141

252 2002 Toyota Tacoma 31JUL09:16:27:00 Before 83 89 24.35 0.036

255 2004 Lexus RX330 31JUL09:17:11:00 Before 82 89 24.38 0.018

261 1994 GMC Suburban 03AUG09:12:58:00 Before 94 106 24.38 0.403

262 1984 Nissan 720 03AUG09:14:07:00 Before 93 98 24.36 1.603

263 1997 Honda Accord 03AUG09:11:48:00 Before 95 101 24.39 0.030

266 2002 Chevrolet Tahoe 12AUG09:10:19:00 Before 86 100 24.51 0.037

271 1997 GMC Sierra 04AUG09:08:58:00 Before 78 90 24.48 1.283

278 2002 Dodge Dakota 04AUG09:11:28:00 Before 87 97 24.46 0.060

285 1998 Honda CRV 04AUG09:15:57:00 Before 94 100 24.42 0.022

290 2005 Acura TSX 05AUG09:13:04:00 Before 88 96 24.50 0.017

294 1985 Ford F150 05AUG09:14:59:00 Before 91 97 24.48 3.788

295 1999 Mazda 626 05AUG09:16:30:00 Before 92 99 24.43 0.033

301 1981 GMC Sierra K1500 07AUG09:09:11:00 Before 85 97 24.24 16.107

302 1989 Dodge Pickup 06AUG09:15:47:00 Before 85 89 24.31 0.156

305 1997 Dodge Ram 1500 07AUG09:10:58:00 Before 89 97 24.24 0.107

306 1967 Chevrolet Chevelle 06AUG09:16:34:00 Before 81 89 24.31 21.643

309 2001 Nissan Sentra 07AUG09:14:57:00 Before 96 103 24.16 2.264

311 2002 VW Passat 07AUG09:16:12:00 Before 94 101 24.14 0.165

316 2003 Hyundai Accent 10AUG09:09:36:00 Before 74 82 24.54 0.691

320 2004 Chevrolet Cavalier 10AUG09:11:02:00 Before 79 86 24.53 0.034

321 1997 Chevrolet S-10 10AUG09:12:45:00 Before 86 93 24.50 12.329

321 1997 Chevrolet S-10 17AUG09:10:57:00 After 76 93 24.47 0.129

325 2000 Chevrolet Prizm 11AUG09:09:40:00 Before 79 86 24.55 0.034

327 1981 BMW 320i 10AUG09:17:28:00 Before 86 92 24.46 1.565

329 1969 Jeep Commando 11AUG09:11:00:00 Before 87 94 24.55 7.535

331 1994 Chevrolet Blazer 11AUG09:12:44:00 Before 90 98 24.52 4.608
Table F-3. Before-Repair and After-Repair PSHED Measurements for Participating Vehicles (Continued)

F-46

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to vehicle)

Year Make Model PSHED Measurement

Seal DateTime Timing

(PSHED is 

Before Repair 

or 

After Repair)

Seal Temperature 

(F)

Final Temperature 

(F)

Seal Barometric 

Pressure 

("Hg)

Measure PSHED HC 

at 15 Minute Soak

(g/Qhr)

337 2001 Nissan Xterra 11AUG09:17:16:00 Before 94 101 24.46 0.066

339 1994 Toyota 4Runner 12AUG09:11:47:00 Before 91 99 24.48 2.236

343 1991 VW Golf 12AUG09:13:22:00 Before 93 99 24.45 0.963

348.432 1990 Dodge Ram Charger 12AUG09:14:43:00 Before 91 98 24.43 0.567

350 2005 Subaru Outback 12AUG09:16:17:00 Before 93 99 24.40 0.022

352 2001 Chevrolet Astro 13AUG09:09:45:00 Before 84 96 24.42 0.565

354 1989 Jeep Cherokee 13AUG09:13:25:00 Before 90 99 24.40 133.986

354 1989 Jeep Cherokee 21AUG09:12:47:00 After 85 99 24.52 0.224

355 1993 Toyota Corolla 13AUG09:11:37:00 Before 91 97 24.40 2.216

357 1997 Nissan Pathfinder 21AUG09:15:52:00 Before 87 98 24.45 2.323

361 1995 VW Golf 14AUG09:10:29:00 Before 80 86 24.34 0.171

362 2001 Audi TT Quatro 14AUG09:12:02:00 Before 81 89 24.33 0.127

364 1995 Buick Roadmaster 14AUG09:13:51:00 Before 82 92 24.30 1.209

365 2002 Ford Mustang 14AUG09:16:52:00 Before 82 89 24.28 0.024

367 1993 Chevrolet Van 20 / G20 14AUG09:15:31:00 Before 85 97 24.27 14.561

367 1993 Chevrolet Van 20 / G20 18AUG09:15:33:00 After 75 97 24.30 5.826

370 2003 Land Rover Discovery 17AUG09:10:08:00 Before 72 81 24.48 0.015

371 1996 Toyota Corolla 17AUG09:13:32:00 Before 78 . 24.46 0.087

375 2005 Ford Focus 17AUG09:12:15:00 Before 77 86 24.47 0.052

379 1993 Subaru Legacy 17AUG09:16:13:00 Before 79 86 24.44 0.068

381 1998 Jeep Cherokee 17AUG09:16:55:00 Before 77 85 24.45 0.050

383 1994 Chevrolet S-10 18AUG09:09:38:00 Before 73 82 24.40 2.161

385 2001 Dodge Dakota 18AUG09:11:27:00 Before 82 92 24.37 0.022

387 2000 Jeep Grand Cherokee 18AUG09:13:03:00 Before 78 84 24.35 0.018

391 1999 Isuzu Rodeo 19AUG09:11:53:00 Before 83 94 24.27 0.080

392 1999 Honda Accord 19AUG09:14:31:00 Before 86 94 24.27 0.046

393 2001 Toyota Solara 19AUG09:15:33:00 Before 85 94 24.26 0.464

395 1997 Chevrolet S-10 20AUG09:09:49:00 Before 73 82 24.49 0.718

396 2000 Mercury Mystique 19AUG09:17:00:00 Before 85 93 24.26 0.038

397 2005 Ford Freestyle 20AUG09:11:43:00 Before 80 90 24.48 0.027

401 1995 Lexus SC 300 20AUG09:12:33:00 Before 82 90 24.48 0.349

402 2004 Hyundai Elantra 20AUG09:14:10:00 Before 83 91 24.47 0.015

404 1998 Isuzu Rodeo 20AUG09:17:06:00 Before 85 95 24.44 11.063

404 1998 Isuzu Rodeo 26AUG09:08:52:00 After 71 95 24.51 0.046

405 1996 Chevrolet Cavalier 20AUG09:15:47:00 Before 84 92 24.43 0.040

416 1999 Mazda Protege 21AUG09:11:59:00 Before 81 90 24.52 0.015

420 1996 Jeep Grand Cherokee 21AUG09:14:13:00 Before 86 98 24.49 2.260

424 1970 VW Beetle 21AUG09:16:36:00 Before 88 92 24.45 1.935

425 1998 Mitsubishi Eclipse 24AUG09:10:23:00 Before 84 90 24.38 0.008

427 1984 Toyota Land Cruiser 24AUG09:13:54:00 Before 85 96 24.38 26.900

428 1975 Chevrolet C-10 24AUG09:15:24:00 Before 81 92 24.41 7.751

430 2002 Jeep Wrangler 24AUG09:12:09:00 Before 85 96 24.38 0.073
Table F-3. Before-Repair and After-Repair PSHED Measurements for Participating Vehicles (Continued)

F-47

Combined 

Packet ID 

(unique to vehicle)

Year Make Model PSHED Measurement

Seal DateTime Timing

(PSHED is 

Before Repair 

or 

After Repair)

Seal Temperature 

(F)

Final Temperature 

(F)

Seal Barometric 

Pressure 

("Hg)

Measure PSHED HC 

at 15 Minute Soak

(g/Qhr)

431 1993 Mitsubishi 3000 GT 24AUG09:16:59:00 Before 80 86 24.40 0.054

437 1991 Chevrolet S-10 25AUG09:14:37:00 Before 76 78 24.50 0.133

438 1975 Chevrolet C-10 25AUG09:16:49:00 Before 77 84 24.47 6.933

439 1998 Pontiac Grand Prix 25AUG09:16:03:00 Before 78 84 24.48 0.018

454 1988 BMW M6 25AUG09:15:32:00 Before 74 85 24.48 0.455

460 2003 Dodge Durango 26AUG09:11:16:00 Before 81 92 24.52 0.032

466 2003 Acura RSX 27AUG09:13:53:00 Before 88 93 24.56 0.018

468 2004 Subaru Outback 27AUG09:15:39:00 Before 86 94 24.55 0.022

469 2000 Nissan Pathfinder 27AUG09:14:24:00 Before 88 94 24.56 0.052

475 2000 Chevrolet Astro 27AUG09:17:00:00 Before 85 96 24.54 2.454

481 2003 Nissan Frontier 28AUG09:09:55:00 Before 77 87 24.65 0.036

482 1992 Nissan Stanza 28AUG09:11:14:00 Before 80 89 24.64 0.195

486 1993 Jeep Cherokee 28AUG09:12:53:00 Before 82 93 24.62 0.277

489 1991 Ford Bronco 28AUG09:14:46:00 Before 87 97 24.57 28.800

494 1995 Mazda MX-6 28AUG09:16:13:00 Before 86 94 24.54 0.190

497 1994 Buick Century 31AUG09:10:38:00 Before 73 82 24.39 0.126

498 1998 Honda Accord 31AUG09:11:40:00 Before 79 86 24.37 0.027

504 1992 Ford F150 31AUG09:14:28:00 Before 84 94 24.33 0.132

507 2001 Toyota Sequoia 31AUG09:13:08:00 Before 82 93 24.36 0.064

512 2005 Hyundai Santa Fe 31AUG09:16:52:00 Before 84 89 24.31 0.020

517 1999 Chevrolet Lumina 01SEP09:10:23:00 Before 82 89 24.45 0.033

521 1994 Nissan Sentra 31AUG09:15:58:00 Before 85 91 24.30 0.248

527 1995 Eagle Talon 01SEP09:11:55:00 Before 87 93 24.43 2.202

540 1998 Honda Accord 01SEP09:14:58:00 Before 86 91 24.40 2.098

542 1986 Subaru GL10 01SEP09:17:28:00 Before 85 91 24.39 0.130

546 1996 Geo Prizm 02SEP09:12:10:00 Before 81 87 24.52 0.622

547 1975 Ford Ranger F250 02SEP09:10:47:00 Before 78 89 24.52 6.837

550 1992 Ford Taurus 02SEP09:15:41:00 Before 88 95 24.46 14.696

559 1989 Oldsmobile Regency 03SEP09:13:37:00 Before 82 92 24.46 4.127

563 1998 Ford Taurus 03SEP09:16:21:00 Before 82 90 24.42 0.050

568 1997 Saturn SL1 04SEP09:11:53:00 Before 83 89 24.43 0.387
F-48

Table F-4. Before-Repair PSHED, IM Gas Cap, and Modified California Method Results for Participating Vehicles

Combined 

Packet ID 

unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model

Measured 

PSHED

(g/Qhr)

IM Gas 

Cap 

Inspection 

Result

MCM 

Date

MCM 

Time

Gas CapFuel LinesFuel Pumpto MeteringFuel PumpFuel FilterFuel RailFuel InjectorsGroundFill Pipe JointTanknonOEM

Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)

7 1998 Ford Explorer 0.176 Pass 6/29/2009 10:03 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP N . .

Tank is located inside a metal shroud. Ran sniffer around shroud.

9 1992 Saturn SL 5.039 Pass 6/29/2009 11:40 0 N NP NP NP NP NP NP NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N m Y m N . .

Sniffed at connections at fuel tank. Looks wet but sniff is negative. PCV disconnected. Sniff is positive. Minor rust on tank 

straps.

17 1993 Mercury Grand Marquis 56.424 Pass 6/29/2009 14:15 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP N 0 N NP NP

Straps rusty. Tank in good shape. Had one brief sniffer hit near left front engine. Unable to replicate. Vague fuelish odor 

when hood open.

18 2003 VW Passat 0.099 Pass 6/29/2009 16:13 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N NP N 0 N . .

.

20 1990 Nissan Pathfinder 0.234 . 6/30/2009 8:34 0 Y NP N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N . .

Only 3 of 6 injectors visible. Sniffer did not detect anything on either fuel rail.

21 1991 Jeep Wrangler 1.241 Pass 6/30/2009 10:09 0 N NP NP NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N . .

Canister purge line to air intake was a hit with sniffer. Air intake disconnected from filter at manifold. Fuel tank in metal 

shroud.

25 2000 Audi A6 0.266 N/A 6/30/2009 12:41 0 N NP N NP NP NP NP 0 N NP NP NP NP 0 N NP N 0 N . .

Engine with shroud. Could only poke sniffer around edges and back. Sniffed around fuel tanks and filter. I could get sniffer 

into places I could not see.

27 1992 Jeep Wrangler 5.939 Pass 6/30/2009 14:24 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 Y NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 Y 0 Y 0 Y NP NP

Major leak appears to be fuel filler to tank. Sniffer went nuts a couple of times under vehicle in front of tank. Couldn't see 

anything or reproduce. Weak gasoline odor below vehicle.

28 1989 Dodge Raider 19.380 Pass 6/30/2009 16:12 0 N NP N NP NP NP N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 Y 0 N NP NP

Tank metal shroud rusted and dented. Right side fuel rail visible - left side is not. Sniffer did not detect underhood HCs. 

Mild gas odor when driving on dyno. The purge line is missing from the canister.
Table F-4. Before-Repair PSHED, IM Gas Cap, and Modified California Method Results for Participating Vehicles

(Continued)

F-49

Combined 

Packet ID 

unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model

Measured 

PSHED

(g/Qhr)

IM Gas 

Cap 

Inspection 

Result

MCM 

Date

MCM 

Time

Gas CapFuel LinesFuel Pumpto MeteringFuel PumpFuel FilterFuel RailFuel InjectorsGroundFill Pipe JointTanknonOEM

Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)

34 1995 Ford Ranger 2.996 Pass 7/1/2009 11:59 0 N NP NP NP NP 0 Y NP NP 0 Y 0 Y 0 N 0 N m N NP NP

Can smell gasoline with hood open. Huge leak in fuel rail/ injector/intake air. No visible leakage. Tank has stains but might 

be heavier oil.

39 1994 Jeep Grand Cherokee 0.194 Pass 7/2/2009 8:19 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N . .

Nothing suspicious. Engine has vague oily smell.

42 1987 Dodge Power Ram 24.117 Pass 7/6/2009 11:15 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N NP NP NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Dripping oil. Some wetness on outside of tank Did not affect sniffer. Grease? Vehicle appears to be carbureted. Left suction 

on TP due to extraordinarily high CO and HC emissions on IM240 test. Occasional whiff of gasoline odor walking around 

vehicle.

44 1989 Chevrolet Caprice 14.015 Fail 7/6/2009 14:53 0 Y 0 Y NP NP NP NP 0 Y NP NP NP NP 0 Y m Y 0 Y . .

Anytime sniffer approached top of fuel tank it lit up. No damage visible to tank.

45 1997 Ford F150 0.043 Pass 7/6/2009 13:33 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

.

46 1990 Ford Taurus 3.058 Pass 7/6/2009 15:27 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

.

48 1994 Chevrolet Camaro 6.667 Pass 7/6/2009 16:26 0 Y 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

.

49 1994 Mazda 929 15.588 Pass 7/7/2009 10:20 0 N NP NP NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 Y . . 0 N NP N NP NP NP NP

Only right bank visible. No leaks. Left bank not visible but there is a leak at rear of left fuel rail. Tank well hidden.

53 1997 Pontiac Grand Am 0.258 Fail 7/7/2009 8:21 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N m N NP NP

Minor rust at connection to fuel filler near top rear of fuel tank. Check engine light on.

57 1996 Ford Explorer XLT 0.033 Pass 7/7/2009 10:58 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N NP NP NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Fuel lines under hood to pressure regulator and to throttle body. All OK.

62 2003 Toyota Tundra 0.011 Pass 7/7/2009 16:28 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

.
Table F-4. Before-Repair PSHED, IM Gas Cap, and Modified California Method Results for Participating Vehicles

(Continued)

F-50

Combined 

Packet ID 

unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model

Measured 

PSHED

(g/Qhr)

IM Gas 

Cap 

Inspection 

Result

MCM 

Date

MCM 

Time

Gas CapFuel LinesFuel Pumpto MeteringFuel PumpFuel FilterFuel RailFuel InjectorsGroundFill Pipe JointTanknonOEM

Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)

64 1976 Oldsmobile Omega 15.649 Pass 7/8/2009 12:15 0 N 0 N NP NP NP NP NP NP NP NP NP Y 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Vehicle is carbureted. Sniffer lit up anytime I approached the base of the carb from any direction. Gasoline odor under hood. 

Intake manifold looks rusty. Carb dirty on exterior.

68 2001 Jeep Wrangler 0.087 Pass 7/9/2009 9:52 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP N 0 N NP NP

.

69 2002 Land Rover Freelander 0.054 Pass 7/8/2009 16:35 0 N NP NP NP NP 0 N NP NP NP NP NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Saddle tank. One side may have lost shrouding. Some rust visible. Nothing extreme.

75.096 1986 Toyota MR2 0.249 Pass 7/9/2009 14:36 0 N 0 N 0 NP 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 Y 0 N 0 N NP NP

Rear engine vehicle running rich. Has exhaust leaks as well. Sniffer was inconsistent on finding leaks. I think that what 

sniffer was picking up was exhaust. PCV hose wet. Lots of rust on vehicle on bottom.

77 1987 Saab 900 Turbo 3.906 Pass 7/9/2009 16:26 0 N NP NP NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP N 0 N NP NP

Tank looks greasy and there was grease burning off of exhaust system during IM240s. Engine is amazingly clean for 

mileage on vehicle.

79 1988 Chevrolet 1500 Pickup 18.250 Pass 7/10/2009 12:26 0 Y 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N NP NP NP NP 0 N m N 0 N NP NP

Canister purge disconnect is source of under hood HC emissions.

82 1993 Cadillac El Dorado 0.473 Pass 7/10/2009 14:45 0 N NP NP NP NP NP NP NP NP NP NP NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Engine and underbody heavily shrouded.

85 1996 Dodge Ram 1500 6.077 Pass 7/16/2009 11:23 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N . NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N m N NP NP

Tank looks stained possibly from gasoline. I can smell gasoline when lying under vehicle by filler neck. The vent line clamp 

is rusted and looks like it has been wet but sniffer is inconsistent about sensing fumes in that area.

91 1977 Chevrolet Blazer 15.176 Pass 7/15/2009 9:45 0 Y 0 N 0 NP NP NP 0 N NP NP NP NP 0 N 0 Y 0 N NP NP

Connection from fuel filler to top of tank not visible. All of top of gas tank was hot spot for sniffer. Mechanically vehicle 

looks well cared for.

92 1997 Ford F150 0.022 Pass 7/14/2009 10:09 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Some rust on clamps on fuel filler and evap lines.

93 2003 Dodge Durango 0.051 Pass 7/14/2009 12:23 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

.
Table F-4. Before-Repair PSHED, IM Gas Cap, and Modified California Method Results for Participating Vehicles

(Continued)

F-51

Combined 

Packet ID 

unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model

Measured 

PSHED

(g/Qhr)

IM Gas 

Cap 

Inspection 

Result

MCM 

Date

MCM 

Time

Gas CapFuel LinesFuel Pumpto MeteringFuel PumpFuel FilterFuel RailFuel InjectorsGroundFill Pipe JointTanknonOEM

Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)

95 1998 Nissan Quest 0.451 Pass 7/15/2009 8:26 0 N m Y NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Smaller lines near fuel tank - looked like a bit of wetness. Main fuel filler line is ok. Only front bank of injectors and front 

rail available for testing. Sniffer hot spot around PCV hose connections to air intake.

100 1984 Chevrolet Suburban 10.130 Pass 7/15/2009 11:00 0 N 0 N 0 NP 0 N NP NP NP NP NP NP 0 N 0 Y 0 N NP NP

Cannot see fuel filler connection at top of tank but sniffer went nuts. Also smaller leak around PCV connection to right valve 

cover. Base of carburetor looked damp but sniffer did not detect anything.

103.122 1988 Toyota Camry 5.011 Pass 7/16/2009 9:51 0 Y 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Gas cap "clicking" felt very weak. Fuel filter wet with oil. Sniffer negative.

108 1995 Cadillac SLS 22.449 Pass 7/16/2009 13:10 0 N 0 N NP NP S Y 0 N NP NP NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

There are two holes in metal line fuel supply to engine. Gasoline squirts out in fine streams. Puddles of gasoline in engine 

compartment. Did not reach ground.

109 1995 Toyota Avalon 2.352 Fail 7/20/2009 14:22 0 Y 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 NP NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Unable to access injectors due to shrouding. Moist looking tank but did not look like gasoline. Looked more like grease and 

did not set off sniffer.

110 2005 Toyota Avalon 0.038 Pass 7/16/2009 15:27 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N NP NP NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Engine shrouded. Unable to see fuel rail or injectors. Sniffer could not get that close either.

112 1986 Ford LTD 9.116 Pass 7/16/2009 14:30 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Evap canister under hood? If so there are no lines connected to it. Lots of oil on engine. Was smoking off engine during 

IM240. Lots of oil on ground.

120 1989 Chevrolet Camaro 20.322 Pass 7/17/2009 11:04 0 N NP NP NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Vehicle too low to see fuel lines. Same is true for most of gas tank. Canister is leaking or full. That is where sniffer found 

HCs.

121 1994 Isuzu Amigo 0.115 Pass 7/17/2009 11:37 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N NP NP NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Vague odor of gas when exiting vehicle after IM240. Did not detect anything with sniffer.

127 1993 Jeep Cherokee 26.376 Fail 7/17/2009 16:20 0 Y 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Tank shroud has sizable dent in it. Evap canister set sniffer off anywhere around it.

130 1995 Ford Explorer 0.049 Pass 7/20/2009 10:23 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Some rust on fuel filler neck lines but no leaks.
Table F-4. Before-Repair PSHED, IM Gas Cap, and Modified California Method Results for Participating Vehicles

(Continued)

F-52

Combined 

Packet ID 

unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model

Measured 

PSHED

(g/Qhr)

IM Gas 

Cap 

Inspection 

Result

MCM 

Date

MCM 

Time

Gas CapFuel LinesFuel Pumpto MeteringFuel PumpFuel FilterFuel RailFuel InjectorsGroundFill Pipe JointTanknonOEM

Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)

131 1997 Subaru Outback 0.100 Pass 7/20/2009 11:30 0 N NP NP NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Under body fuel lines not visible.

134 2003 Chevrolet Impala 0.024 Pass 7/20/2009 13:04 0 N 0 N NP NP NP NP 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N NP N 0 N NP NP

Engine shrouded and injectors not visible. Could reach sniffer toward fill pipe to tank junction but could not see the 

connection. The car has been repainted.

135 2001 Chrysler Sebring 0.047 Pass 7/21/2009 9:48 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Only front fuel rail and injectors are visible. Sniffed in area of rear bank.

138 2002 Suzuki Vitara 0.020 Pass 7/21/2009 8:28 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

.

139 2002 Pontiac Sunfire 0.027 Pass 7/20/2009 16:18 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Unable to sniff injectors as there is no access. There is blue paint where filler goes into tank and it looks a lot cleaner than 

rest of car. Some rust on metal parts of fuel filler pipes.

156 1999 Ford Explorer 0.015 Pass 7/22/2009 10:30 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Unable to see injectors. Sniff in their vicinity.

157 1982 Ford F150 Explorer 5.074 Fail 7/22/2009 13:16 0 Y 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N NP NP NP NP 0 N . . . . . .

Filler neck of rear tank under vehicle looked wet. Metal fuel lines are rusting. Area around PCV is wet and set sniffer off.

158 2005 Chevrolet Cobalt 0.015 Pass 7/22/2009 11:59 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Engine shrouded injectors. Not visible along with a lot of the fuel rail.

159 1990 Mazda MX-6 0.728 Pass 7/23/2009 8:29 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Some rust on clamps holding connections to full filler neck to tank.

161 2001 Saturn SC-1 0.015 Pass 7/23/2009 10:07 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Fuel pipe (rubber) connector from filler next to tank looks new.

163 2002 Volvo S60 0.052 Pass 7/23/2009 12:40 0 N NP NP NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP N 0 N NP NP

Under body fuel lines only partially visible. Could not see junction from filler to tank but could reach sniffer in that area
Table F-4. Before-Repair PSHED, IM Gas Cap, and Modified California Method Results for Participating Vehicles

(Continued)

F-53

Combined 

Packet ID 

unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model

Measured 

PSHED

(g/Qhr)

IM Gas 

Cap 

Inspection 

Result

MCM 

Date

MCM 

Time

Gas CapFuel LinesFuel Pumpto MeteringFuel PumpFuel FilterFuel RailFuel InjectorsGroundFill Pipe JointTanknonOEM

Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)

168 1994 Saturn SL2 25.565 Pass 7/23/2009 14:09 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Whole engine bay reaks of gasoline. Could not identify point source there. Evap canister hidden under right front fender. 

Could not see but could stick sniffer in there. Suspect that is source of fumes.

177 2004 Dodge Ram 1500 0.034 Pass 7/24/2009 15:30 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

.

178 1969 VW CP -Dunebuggy 1.975 N/A 7/24/2009 11:50 0 Y NP NP NP NP NP NP 0 Y NP NP NP NP 0 N NP NP NP NP NP NP

Fuel cap feeds directly into tank. Suspect lines around fuel filter are defective. Tank not visible inside "trunk" in front of 

vehicle which does not open. This is basically a kit car. Exhaust output is elevated above normal.

184 1998 VW Jetta 0.137 Pass 7/27/2009 8:42 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP NP NP NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP

Could only see end of fuel rail and not injectors. Could not see fill pipe to tank junction.

185 2002 Toyota Echo 0.018 Pass 7/27/2009 9:50 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP NP NP NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Could reach in and sniff fuel rail but could not really see. Injectors not visible.

186 1995 Ford F150 0.145 Pass 7/27/2009 10:56 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Could only see injector. Rest hidden from view.

188 2005 Lexus GX-470 0.015 Pass 7/27/2009 12:07 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP NP NP NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Engine completely shrouded. Got sniffer inside a few places but fuel rail injectors not visible.

189 1993 GMC Safari 0.282 Pass 7/27/2009 13:39 0 N 0 N NP NP NP NP 0 N NP NP NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Most of engine is accessible through cowling inside van. Did not want to open due to messy condition of vehicle. What I 

could probe on engine was negative for sniffer. One hot spot was near frame rail below passenger seat. Might have been 

exhaust leak.

190 2001 Ford Expedition 0.045 Pass 7/28/2009 9:39 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

.

192 1991 Infiniti Q45 0.043 N/A 7/27/2009 14:59 0 N NP NP NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP NP NP NP NP

Fuel filler and gas tank hidden somewhere. Disconnect (open) line at canister but did not see anything to connect it to 

(purge?). Vehicle has been bashed around and neglected. Dents on bottom of spare tire well (is that where tank is?).

193 2003 Ford Focus 0.053 Pass 7/28/2009 8:19 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

.
Table F-4. Before-Repair PSHED, IM Gas Cap, and Modified California Method Results for Participating Vehicles

(Continued)

F-54

Combined 

Packet ID 

unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model

Measured 

PSHED

(g/Qhr)

IM Gas 

Cap 

Inspection 

Result

MCM 

Date

MCM 

Time

Gas CapFuel LinesFuel Pumpto MeteringFuel PumpFuel FilterFuel RailFuel InjectorsGroundFill Pipe JointTanknonOEM

Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)

194 1994 Geo Prizm 0.039 Pass 7/28/2009 10:28 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

.

197 2000 Honda Accord 0.025 Pass 7/28/2009 11:55 0 N NP NP NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Underbody fuel lines not visible inside of covers.

203.205 1991 Jeep Wrangler 13.730 Pass 7/28/2009 13:30 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N G Y . . G Y NP NP

Also load line (I think) to canister or canister itself set off sniffer. May be fuel return line to tank. Gasoline drips stop when 

vehicle is off.

212 1977 Ford Econoline 7.620 Pass 7/28/2009 15:48 0 N 0 N NP NP NP NP NP NP NP NP NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Full filler pipe looks dented. Rust present and dents in tank. Engine is mostly inside van under cowling. Sniffer found a hot 

spot on left side of engine ~8 inches left of carburetor. Vague smell of gasoline in engine bay.

213 1979 Dodge D-150 3.830 Pass 7/29/2009 8:23 0 N 0 N NP NP NP NP 0 Y NP NP NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Exhaust manifold leaks and vehicle is running very rich. Hard to tell if fuel filter area is leaking or I am just seeing exhaust 

fumes. Same is true under right front of vehicle.

214 2000 Chevrolet S-10 0.025 Pass 7/29/2009 9:17 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 NP 0 N NP NP NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

.

217 1994 Ford Ranger 0.841 Pass 7/29/2009 12:25 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP N 0 N NP NP

Fill pipe goes into top of tank. Unable to see but could stick sniffer in there.

218 1990 VW Cabriolet 0.325 . 7/29/2009 9:50 0 Y 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N NP N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Unable to see injectors. Roads were wet so am discounting moisture seen around fuel filler neck which was exposed to 

splash. Same is true for moisture in engine. Neither set sniffer off.

219 1991 Lexus LS400 0.100 Pass 7/29/2009 13:50 0 N NP NP NP NP 0 N NP NP NP NP NP NP 0 N NP NP NP NP NP NP

Everything is pretty much hidden away; fuel filler pipe; gas tank; under hood fuel system; fuel lines; injectors; and canister.

220 1994 Toyota Tacoma 0.044 Pass 7/29/2009 14:50 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Could sniff in area of injectors but could not see them.

221 1994 Ford Bronco 0.041 Pass 7/29/2009 11:27 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Unable to see injectors or right fuel rail. Some rust on fuel fill pipe.
Table F-4. Before-Repair PSHED, IM Gas Cap, and Modified California Method Results for Participating Vehicles

(Continued)

F-55

Combined 

Packet ID 

unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model

Measured 

PSHED

(g/Qhr)

IM Gas 

Cap 

Inspection 

Result

MCM 

Date

MCM 

Time

Gas CapFuel LinesFuel Pumpto MeteringFuel PumpFuel FilterFuel RailFuel InjectorsGroundFill Pipe JointTanknonOEM

Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)

232 1992 Ford Explorer 0.164 Pass 7/30/2009 12:43 0 Y 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N NP NP NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Canister under hood set sniffer off. Vague gasoline smell in that area.

238 1993 Jeep Wrangler 0.287 Pass 7/30/2009 16:20 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

While crawling under vehicle there is gasoline odor. There is gasoline smell around vehicle. The fuel rail does not look 

OEM but no leaks found. Could not find fuel filter.

246 2003 Chevrolet Suburban 0.024 Pass 7/31/2009 9:30 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

.

249 1997 BMW 328i 0.141 Pass 7/31/2009 12:33 0 N 0 N NP NP NP NP 0 N NP NP NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Engine shrouded. Difficult to see or sniff components. A lot of underbody fuel lines are also hidden.

252 2002 Toyota Tacoma 0.036 Pass 7/31/2009 15:37 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Left fuel rail and injectors not visible.

255 2004 Lexus RX330 0.018 Pass 7/31/2009 16:15 0 N 0 N NP NP NP NP NP NP NP NP NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Everything under hood (fuel lines rail injectors etc) all hidden under shroud.

261 1994 GMC Suburban 0.403 Pass 8/3/2009 11:50 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N NP NP NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

TB injection no fuel rail or injectors.

262 1984 Nissan 720 1.603 Pass 8/3/2009 13:05 0 Y 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Despite gas cap pass sniffer found HC's around cap and nowhere else.

263 1997 Honda Accord 0.030 Pass 8/3/2009 10:45 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

.

266 2002 Chevrolet Tahoe 0.037 Pass 8/12/2009 8:43 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

.

271 1997 GMC Sierra 1.283 Fail 8/3/2009 15:48 0 Y 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N . NP . NP 0 N NP N 0 Y NP NP

Cannot see filler to tank connection. Fuel tank skid plate has some damage. Around top of tank on fill pipe side (right) the 

sniffer went off particularly near the front of tank.

278 2002 Dodge Dakota 0.060 Pass 8/4/2009 10:25 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Greasy almost tar like substance just below filler neck on fill tube. K&N air intake but no fuel mods.
Table F-4. Before-Repair PSHED, IM Gas Cap, and Modified California Method Results for Participating Vehicles

(Continued)

F-56

Combined 

Packet ID 

unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model

Measured 

PSHED

(g/Qhr)

IM Gas 

Cap 

Inspection 

Result

MCM 

Date

MCM 

Time

Gas CapFuel LinesFuel Pumpto MeteringFuel PumpFuel FilterFuel RailFuel InjectorsGroundFill Pipe JointTanknonOEM

Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)

285 1998 Honda CRV 0.022 Pass 8/4/2009 14:45 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

New Jersey vehicle. Lots of rust on fuel fill pipe especially clamps on hoses connecting to fuel tank.

290 2005 Acura TSX 0.017 Pass 8/5/2009 11:33 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Injectors not visible.

294 1985 Ford F150 3.788 Pass 8/5/2009 13:55 0 N 0 N NP NP NP NP 0 N NP NP NP NP 0 N NP N 0 N NP NP

Could not see fill pipe to tank connection. When engine is off there is a strong smell of gasoline at right front of engine. The 

sniffer identified canister as source. Did not detect with engine running as there was too much air movement from fan.

295 1999 Mazda 626 0.033 Pass 8/5/2009 15:30 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

.

301 1981 GMC Sierra K1500 16.107 Pass 8/7/2009 8:30 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N . NP . NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Tank has minor scrapes and dings. PCV valve is mounted in valve cover without gasket - lots of vapor is escaping. Also carb 

looks new or recently rebuilt and may have leaks - no liquid seen. 

302 1989 Dodge Pickup 0.156 Pass 8/6/2009 13:55 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N NP NP NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

See photos. Some moisture near first connection after fuel rail inlet. Fuel pipe goes into tank through grommet which looks 

dry but rubber is rotting.

305 1997 Dodge Ram 1500 0.107 Pass 8/7/2009 9:59 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Fill pipe to rubber connector looked skewed as if someone had not fully aligned pieces before tightening clamp. Looked 

dry.

306 1967 Chevrolet Chevelle 21.643 N/A 8/6/2009 15:51 0 N 0 N 0 N . NP NP NP NP NP NP NP 0 Y 0 N 0 N NP NP

Connection at tank badly rusted. Vehicle runs rich and has exhaust leaks especially at manifold. Sniffer was going off almost 

continuously due to exhaust fumes. 

309 2001 Nissan Sentra 2.264 Pass 8/7/2009 13:55 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 Y 0 N 0 N NP NP

Ground under vehicle below canister. Canister is behind left rear tire and vent is source of gasoline odor and sets sniffer off. 

Owner left premises to fill gas tank between emissions test and the MCM sniff test.

311 2002 VW Passat 0.165 Pass 8/7/2009 15:10 0 N 0 N NP NP NP NP 0 N NP NP NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP

Everything under hood is shrouded. Fuel pipe to tank connections are mostly hidden as well as connection to tank. What 

was visible appeared to be in good shape.
Table F-4. Before-Repair PSHED, IM Gas Cap, and Modified California Method Results for Participating Vehicles

(Continued)

F-57

Combined 

Packet ID 

unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model

Measured 

PSHED

(g/Qhr)

IM Gas 

Cap 

Inspection 

Result

MCM 

Date

MCM 

Time

Gas CapFuel LinesFuel Pumpto MeteringFuel PumpFuel FilterFuel RailFuel InjectorsGroundFill Pipe JointTanknonOEM

Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)

316 2003 Hyundai Accent 0.691 Pass 8/10/2009 8:32 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 Y 0 Y NP NP

Something seems to be damaged or leaking at top of fuel tank. Sniffer active many places around top pipe to tank joint. 

Looks dry - tank appears to have evaporated fluid of some kind but that did not activate sniffer. 

320 2004 Chevrolet Cavalier 0.034 Pass 8/10/2009 10:07 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Injectors not accessible for visual check or sniffer.

321 1997 Chevrolet S-10 12.329 Pass 8/10/2009 11:32 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP G Y NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Major gasoline leak with gas puddling on engine. Not sure where leak is exactly. Some part of supply or injector to TBI 

system?

325 2000 Chevrolet Prizm 0.034 Pass 8/11/2009 8:42 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP NP NP NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Fuel rail and injectors hidden under shroud.

327 1981 BMW 320i 1.565 Pass 8/10/2009 16:25 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 Y NP NP

Area around tank - up high where I can't see set sniffer off in multiple locations. Suspect something wrong with plumbing at 

top of tank.

329 1969 Jeep Commando 7.535 N/A 8/11/2009 10:08 0 Y 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N

Non-OEM tank looks patched. Vented fuel cap. Carburetor seems to have leak around bowl seal area and perhaps around 

base. No liquid seen. Gas cap appears to have had gasket modified.

331 1994 Chevrolet Blazer 4.608 Pass 8/11/2009 11:40 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N NP NP NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Left front engine compartment reeks of gasoline. Suspect fault with evap canister.

162.332 1995 Jeep Wrangler 0.166 Pass 8/11/2009 13:26 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Metal shroud around tank a little banged up. No leaks detected from tank.

337 2001 Nissan Xterra 0.066 Pass 8/11/2009 16:25 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP N 0 N NP NP

Only right fuel rail and injectors visible. Could not see actual fill pipe to tank junction. 

339 1994 Toyota 4Runner 2.236 Pass 8/12/2009 10:48 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP N 0 N NP NP

Right side fuel rail and injectors not visible. Could not see fill pipe to tank junction.

343 1991 VW Golf 0.963 Pass 8/12/2009 12:21 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 Y 0 N NP NP

Cannot see filler pipe to tank connection. There is a leak of some sort at top of fuel tank. Sniffer goes off when reaching 

above tank on right and right-front of tank. Fill door is on right.
Table F-4. Before-Repair PSHED, IM Gas Cap, and Modified California Method Results for Participating Vehicles

(Continued)

F-58

Combined 

Packet ID 

unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model

Measured 

PSHED

(g/Qhr)

IM Gas 

Cap 

Inspection 

Result

MCM 

Date

MCM 

Time

Gas CapFuel LinesFuel Pumpto MeteringFuel PumpFuel FilterFuel RailFuel InjectorsGroundFill Pipe JointTanknonOEM

Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)

348.432 1990 Dodge Ram Charger 0.567 Pass 8/12/2009 13:52 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N NP NP NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Vehicle has exhaust leak at right manifold. This would allow untreated exhaust plume to be mixed with after cat plume from 

tailpipe. Vehicle failed for emissions.

350 2005 Subaru Outback 0.022 Pass 8/12/2009 15:20 0 N NP N NP NP 0 N NP NP NP NP NP NP 0 N NP N 0 N NP NP

Flat 4 engine. Fuel distribution is buried below intake runners. Fuel lines hidden in underbody shrouding. Could not see fill 

pipe to tank connection. Could only reach with sniffer.

352 2001 Chevrolet Astro 0.565 Pass 8/13/2009 8:42 0 N 0 N NP NP NP NP 0 N NP NP NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Van with engine mostly under cover between front seats. Most engine related fuel system components not visible. Weak 

odor of gasoline while situated below fuel tank. Nothing visual or detected by sniffer. 

354 1989 Jeep Cherokee 133.986 Pass 8/13/2009 12:13 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 Y 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Injector #4 may be leaking. Sniffer thought so. Evap canister is ripe and set sniffer off once one got within a couple of inches 

of it. Vehicle also leaks oil onto hot exhaust pipe and that smokes.

355 1993 Toyota Corolla 2.216 Pass 8/13/2009 10:35 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Sniffer goes off when exposed to areas around top of tank. Tank looks like it might be newer than car (shiny metal). Could 

smell gasoline when under car around tank.

357 1997 Nissan Pathfinder 2.323 Pass 8/21/2009 14:50 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

There is some sort of contraption that sets sniffer off back between fuel tank and canister (see photo).

361 1995 VW Golf 0.171 Pass 8/14/2009 9:30 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP

Could not see fuel pipe to tank junction nor guess exactly where it was. Area was clean according to sniffer.

362 2001 Audi TT Quatro 0.127 Pass 8/14/2009 11:30 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 Y NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP NP NP

Could not see filler to fill pipe connection. Fuel pressure regulator area set of sniffer but inconsistently.

364 1995 Buick Roadmaster 1.209 Pass 8/14/2009 12:50 m Y 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Fuel fill at rear behind license plate. Some staining on filler pipes. Canister set sniffer off as well.

365 2002 Ford Mustang 0.024 Pass 8/14/2009 16:00 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

.
Table F-4. Before-Repair PSHED, IM Gas Cap, and Modified California Method Results for Participating Vehicles

(Continued)

F-59

Combined 

Packet ID 

unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model

Measured 

PSHED

(g/Qhr)

IM Gas 

Cap 

Inspection 

Result

MCM 

Date

MCM 

Time

Gas CapFuel LinesFuel Pumpto MeteringFuel PumpFuel FilterFuel RailFuel InjectorsGroundFill Pipe JointTanknonOEM

Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)

367 1993 Chevrolet Van 20 / G20 14.561 Pass 8/14/2009 14:26 0 N 0 N NP NP NP NP 0 N NP NP NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Fuel filler and tank had light staining. No damage other than some rust. Same for tank. Engine is mostly under cowling 

inside of van and inaccessible.

370 2003 Land Rover Discovery 0.015 Pass 8/17/2009 9:05 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Injectors hidden below intake manifold.

371 1996 Toyota Corolla 0.087 Pass 8/17/2009 12:46 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

.

375 2005 Ford Focus 0.052 Fail 8/17/2009 11:24 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

.

379 1993 Subaru Legacy 0.068 Pass 8/17/2009 15:05 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Vehicle has major exhaust leak on right bank. There is at least one bolt missing from exhaust flange. Exhaust (raw) is 

enough to excite sniffer. Possibly some other minor leak such as cold start valve on manifold area.

381 1998 Jeep Cherokee 0.050 Pass 8/17/2009 16:00 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Did not find fuel filter.

383 1994 Chevrolet S-10 2.161 Pass 8/18/2009 8:31 0 N 0 N NP NP NP NP 0 N NP NP NP NP 0 N 0 N m N 0 N

Carburetted? Tank has non-standard looking screw in place of drain bolt. Canister vent line disconnected at fill pipe (see 

photos). In evening when vehicle was parked there was gas odor on left rear of vehicle. Canister?

385 2001 Dodge Dakota 0.022 Pass 8/18/2009 10:25 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

.

387 2000 Jeep Grand Cherokee 0.018 Pass 8/18/2009 11:58 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP N 0 N NP NP

Could not see fuel fill pipe to tank connection but could reach sniffer to that location.

391 1999 Isuzu Rodeo 0.080 Pass 8/19/2009 10:45 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

.

392 1999 Honda Accord 0.046 Pass 8/19/2009 13:07 0 N NP N NP NP 0 N 0 N NP NP NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Fuel lines inside shroud but sniffer would have detected leak. Under hood fuel rail and injectors hidden from view and 

sniffer.
Table F-4. Before-Repair PSHED, IM Gas Cap, and Modified California Method Results for Participating Vehicles

(Continued)

F-60

Combined 

Packet ID 

unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model

Measured 

PSHED

(g/Qhr)

IM Gas 

Cap 

Inspection 

Result

MCM 

Date

MCM 

Time

Gas CapFuel LinesFuel Pumpto MeteringFuel PumpFuel FilterFuel RailFuel InjectorsGroundFill Pipe JointTanknonOEM

Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)

393 2001 Toyota Solara 0.464 Fail 8/19/2009 13:49 0 N NP N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Underbody-fuel lines not visible but accessible to sniffer. Fuel injectors pretty much hidden below intake manifold.

395 1997 Chevrolet S-10 0.718 Pass 8/20/2009 8:30 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP NP NP NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 Y NP NP

Tank is severely dented. Cannot see liquid fuel but top of fuel tank activates sniffer. Can hear fuel pump whining while 

driving.

396 2000 Mercury Mystique 0.038 Pass 8/19/2009 15:59 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP NP NP NP NP 0 N NP N 0 N NP NP

Massive intake manifold hides almost all of fuel rail and all injectors. Did not locate fuel filter. Could not see fill pipe to tank 

junction but it was accessible to sniffer.

397 2005 Ford Freestyle 0.027 Pass 8/20/2009 10:35 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP

Could not see or be certain that sniffer reached fuel pipe to tank connection. Back of engine (transverse V6) not accessible to 

sniff fuel rail or injectors.

401 1995 Lexus SC 300 0.349 Pass 8/20/2009 11:24 0 Y 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP

Limited visibility and access to fuel rail and in particular injectors. Could not see fill pipe to tank junction nor most of fill 

pipe.

402 2004 Hyundai Elantra 0.015 Pass 8/20/2009 13:16 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Only one fuel injector visible. Others hidden from view and sniffer. Could not find fuel filter.

404 1998 Isuzu Rodeo 11.063 Pass 8/20/2009 16:14 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

.

405 1996 Chevrolet Cavalier 0.040 Pass 8/20/2009 14:42 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

.

416 1999 Mazda Protege 0.015 Pass 8/21/2009 11:04 0 N NP N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Could not see underbody fuel lines but access was vented so sniffer should have picked up a leak. Did not find fuel filter.

420 1996 Jeep Grand Cherokee 2.260 Pass 8/21/2009 13:17 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N m Y NP NP

Staining on outside of fuel tank. Fill pipe to tank connections (see photo) look good but sniffer went off when exposed to top 

of fuel tank. Could not find evap canister (not where diagram indicates). Missing? Purge valve present.
Table F-4. Before-Repair PSHED, IM Gas Cap, and Modified California Method Results for Participating Vehicles

(Continued)

F-61

Combined 

Packet ID 

unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model

Measured 

PSHED

(g/Qhr)

IM Gas 

Cap 

Inspection 

Result

MCM 

Date

MCM 

Time

Gas CapFuel LinesFuel Pumpto MeteringFuel PumpFuel FilterFuel RailFuel InjectorsGroundFill Pipe JointTanknonOEM

Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)

424 1970 VW Beetle 1.935 Pass 8/21/2009 16:00 0 Y NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP NP NP NP NP S Y 0 N NP NP

Fuel connections to tank are some strange fibrous material that is saturated with gasoline. Some evidence of gasoline below 

fuel filler connection at tank.

425 1998 Mitsubishi Eclipse 0.008 Pass 8/24/2009 9:14 0 N NP N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Underbody fuel lines not visible. Could not find fuel filter. Replacement hood? No VECI labels.

427 1984 Toyota Land Cruiser 26.900 Pass 8/24/2009 12:40 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Exhaust leaks around catalytic converter and air injection system under hood.

428 1975 Chevrolet C-10 7.751 N/A 8/24/2009 14:20 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP NP NP NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Did not locate fuel filter. Left side exhaust manifold to tailpipe is leaking.

430 2002 Jeep Wrangler 0.073 Pass 8/24/2009 11:06 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Did not see fuel filter.

431 1993 Mitsubishi 3000 GT 0.054 Pass 8/24/2009 15:58 0 N NP N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Could not find fuel filter. Underbody fuel lines hidden from view. Rear fuel rail and injectors not visible. Transverse V6.

437 1991 Chevrolet S-10 0.133 Pass 8/25/2009 13:28 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N NP NP NP NP NP NP 0 N 0 N NP NP

Vague odor of gasoline around driver side engine compartment. Cannot find anything with sniffer.

438 1975 Chevrolet C-10 6.933 Pass 8/25/2009 17:10 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Right tank set off sniffer around top of tank on outboard side. Left fuel cap looks damaged but seems tight. Some evidence 

of fuel having been spilled below left fuel cap. Right fuel cap different and newer.

439 1998 Pontiac Grand Prix 0.018 Pass 8/25/2009 16:28 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Transverse V6. Rear fuel rail and injectors not accessible. Limited access to front.

454 1988 BMW M6 0.455 Pass 8/25/2009 15:57 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

.

460 2003 Dodge Durango 0.032 Pass 8/26/2009 10:24 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N . .

Did not locate fuel filter. Left side exhaust manifold to tailpipe is leaking.

466 2003 Acura RSX 0.018 Pass 8/27/2009 12:36 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Did not locate fuel filter. Most of fuel rail and injectors hidden from view.
Table F-4. Before-Repair PSHED, IM Gas Cap, and Modified California Method Results for Participating Vehicles

(Continued)

F-62

Combined 

Packet ID 

unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model

Measured 

PSHED

(g/Qhr)

IM Gas 

Cap 

Inspection 

Result

MCM 

Date

MCM 

Time

Gas CapFuel LinesFuel Pumpto MeteringFuel PumpFuel FilterFuel RailFuel InjectorsGroundFill Pipe JointTanknonOEM

Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)

468 2004 Subaru Outback 0.022 Pass 8/27/2009 14:30 0 N NP N NP NP 0 N NP NP NP N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP

Could not see fuel pipe to tank connection. Did not locate fuel filter. Injectors buried (flat 4 engine). Could sniff in area of 

fuel rails but could not see them.

469 2000 Nissan Pathfinder 0.052 Pass 8/27/2009 13:31 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Fuel injectors hidden below intake manifold.

475 2000 Chevrolet Astro 2.454 Pass 8/27/2009 16:00 0 N 0 N NP NP NP NP 0 N NP NP NP NP 0 N 0 Y 0 N NP NP

Suspect that fuel pump replacement damaged gasket. Areas on top of tank and near tank to fill pipe connect set sniffer off. 

Also evap canister set sniffer off. No access to engine and that part of fuel system.

481 2003 Nissan Frontier 0.036 Pass 8/28/2009 9:02 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Fuel injectors buried under intake manifold.

482 1992 Nissan Stanza 0.195 Pass 8/28/2009 10:21 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 Y 0 N 0 Y 0 Y 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Sniffer went off in a variety of areas associated with fuel delivery. Sometimes injector sometimes rail sometimes fuel 

pressure regulator. Could not pinpoint exact source of fumes.

486 1993 Jeep Cherokee 0.277 Pass 8/28/2009 11:43 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP

Did not locate fuel filter. Could not be sure that sniffer reached fill pipe to tank connection. Could not see connection.

489 1991 Ford Bronco 28.800 Pass 8/28/2009 13:28 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 Y 0 N NP NP NP NP 0 Y 0 N 0 Y NP NP

Fuel rail injectors below custom intake manifold. Sniffer went off near fuel pressure regulator but there are a lot of exhaust 

leaks. This is what set sniffer off below vehicle. Sniffer went off when exposed to top area of fuel tank.

494 1995 Mazda MX-6 0.190 Pass 8/28/2009 15:19 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Could not locate fuel filter.

497 1994 Buick Century 0.126 Pass 8/31/2009 9:38 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N m Y 0 N 0 N

.

498 1998 Honda Accord 0.027 Pass 8/31/2009 10:35 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N . . 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

No non-OEM installations.

504 1992 Ford F150 0.132 Pass 8/31/2009 13:24 0 Y 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

302 V-8. Passenger side injectors inaccessible. No non-OEM installations.
Table F-4. Before-Repair PSHED, IM Gas Cap, and Modified California Method Results for Participating Vehicles

(Continued)

F-63

Combined 

Packet ID 

unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model

Measured 

PSHED

(g/Qhr)

IM Gas 

Cap 

Inspection 

Result

MCM 

Date

MCM 

Time

Gas CapFuel LinesFuel Pumpto MeteringFuel PumpFuel FilterFuel RailFuel InjectorsGroundFill Pipe JointTanknonOEM

Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)

507 2001 Toyota Sequoia 0.064 Pass 8/31/2009 11:52 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP N NP NP

Tank covered in metal shield. No evidence of damage/rust. No non-OEM installations.

512 2005 Hyundai Santa Fe 0.020 Pass 8/31/2009 15:48 0 N 0 N NP NP NP NP NP NP NP NP NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

.

517 1999 Chevrolet Lumina 0.033 Pass 9/1/2009 9:22 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

No non-OEM installations.

521 1994 Nissan Sentra 0.248 Pass 8/31/2009 15:05 0 N NP NP NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Underbody fuel lines inaccessible. Low ground clearance. No non-OEM equipment.

527 1995 Eagle Talon 2.202 Pass 9/1/2009 10:35 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 Y 0 N 0 N 0 Y 0 Y . .

Did not find fuel filter. Sniffer detected leak at pressure regulator. Sniffer leaks detected where fuel lines exit tank. Exhaust 

manifold leaks.

540 1998 Honda Accord 2.098 Pass 9/1/2009 14:05 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Sniffer leak detected at vapor canister. No non-OEM installations. Did not find fuel filter. Canister leak = vapor not liquid.

542 1986 Subaru GL10 0.13 Pass 9/1/2009 16:35 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N NP NP

No non-OEM installations.

546 1996 Geo Prizm 0.622 Pass 9/2/2009 11:19 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

While lying below fuel tank area I thought I got a faint whiff of gasoline. Bruce said same as we were closing PSHED door.

547 1975 Ford Ranger F250 6.837 Pass 9/2/2009 9:45 m Y NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Fuel cap leaks when gasoline sloshes in tank. Fuel comes out of gas cap (when) tank is full.

550 1992 Ford Taurus 14.696 Pass 9/2/2009 14:43 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 Y 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 Y NP NP

Sniffer went off around fuel tank area. But fuel filter is also right next to tank. Could not see or feel liquid from fuel filter.

559 1989 Oldsmobile Regency 4.127 Pass 9/3/2009 12:45 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 Y 0 N 0 N NP NP

Did not locate fuel filter. Most fuel injectors not visible - below intake. Ground under vehicle set off sniffer and left front of 

vehicle. This is where the charcoal canister is located. There was a hole in the bottom of canister as if some sort of plug was 

missing.
Table F-4. Before-Repair PSHED, IM Gas Cap, and Modified California Method Results for Participating Vehicles

(Continued)

F-64

Combined 

Packet ID 

unique to 

vehicle)

Year Make Model

Measured 

PSHED

(g/Qhr)

IM Gas 

Cap 

Inspection 

Result

MCM 

Date

MCM 

Time

Gas CapFuel LinesFuel Pumpto MeteringFuel PumpFuel FilterFuel RailFuel InjectorsGroundFill Pipe JointTanknonOEM

Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)Visual (0;m;S;G;NP)Sniffer (Y;N;NP)

563 1998 Ford Taurus 0.050 Pass 9/3/2009 15:30 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N NP N 0 N 0 N 0 N NP NP

Transverse V6. Rear injectors not accessible. Part of fuel rail not visible.

568 1997 Saturn SL1 0.387 Pass 9/4/2009 11:08 0 N 0 N NP NP 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0 Y NP NP

Sniffer goes off inconsistently in area of fuel tank especially around top. Odor of gasoline under vehicle in fuel tank area.