National Institute of Standards

and Technology

Technology Administration

U.S. Department of Commerce

William G. Rippey

NISTIR 7107 NISTIR 6562

A Welding Data Dictionary

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

Technology Administration

National Institute of Standards

and Technology

Intelligent Systems Division

Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8230
March 2004

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

Donald L. Evans, Secretary

TECHNOLOGY ADMINISTRATION

Phillip J. Bond, Under Secretary for Technology

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS

AND TECHNOLOGY

Arden L. Bement, Jr., Director

U NI T E D S T A T E S OF A ME R I CA

DE P AR T MENT OF COMME R CE

William G. Rippey

NISTIR 7107 NISTIR 6562

A Welding Data Dictionary

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

Technology Administration

National Institute of Standards

and Technology

Intelligent Systems Division

Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8230
i

A Welding Data Dictionary 

Abstract 

This data dictionary specifies data elements that are used to describe the design, fabrication and 

inspection of weldments. It comprises welding information from several authoritative sources. Data 

include description of component materials, details of joints and welds, and variables of the welding 

processes. The data dictionary provides, in one document, the welding information needed to develop 

format specifications for digital data that can be exchanged by computer programs. 

Keywords 

data dictionary, digital welding data, weld inspection results, welding procedure specification, 

welding terms, weldment design. 

Foreword 

In 1992, welding information formats were described in two American Welding Society (AWS) 

specifications, AWS A9.1- Standard Guide for Describing Arc Welds in Computerized Material 

Property and Nondestructive Examination Databases, and AWS A9.2 - Standard Guide for Recording 

Arc Weld Material Property and Nondestructive Examination Data in Computerized Databases. This 

document expands the scope of those documents and could serve as a core document if an AWS 

committee undertakes a new specification project. Current individual AWS specifications are rich in 

terms and data items describing materials, design and processes. This data dictionary gathers the 

information in a single document, to be used by data modelers with specific encoding formats in 

mind. Examples of format specifications are STEP and XML. The ultimate purpose is to facilitate 

exchange of welding data between application software programs developed by different vendors. 
ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Abstract.................................................................................................................................................... i 

Keywords ................................................................................................................................................. i 

Foreword.................................................................................................................................................. i 

TABLE OF CONTENTS........................................................................................................................ ii 

Scope....................................................................................................................................................... 1 

Purpose.................................................................................................................................................... 1 

Source Documents .............................................................................................................................. 2 

Guidelines Used in Building the Data Dictionary .............................................................................. 2 

Sections of this Document .................................................................................................................. 3 

Dictionary Field Definitions ............................................................................................................... 3 

1. Weld Design Data.............................................................................................................................. 5 

1.1 element base_metal...................................................................................................................... 6 

1.2 element connection ...................................................................................................................... 9 

1.3 type edge_shapes ....................................................................................................................... 11 

1.4 element joint_design .................................................................................................................. 11 

1.5 element joint_penetration .......................................................................................................... 15 

1.6 type joint_types.......................................................................................................................... 16 

1.7 type linear_dimension_range_type ............................................................................................ 17 

1.8 type linear_dimension_type_mm............................................................................................... 18 

1.9 element sub_assembly ............................................................................................................... 18 

1.10 element weld_details................................................................................................................ 19 

1.11 element weld_sizes .................................................................................................................. 20 

1.12 element weldment .................................................................................................................... 22 

1.13 element workpiece ................................................................................................................... 22 

1.14 type weld_types ....................................................................................................................... 22 

2. Welding Process Data................................................................................................................... 23 

2.1 type allied_processes ................................................................................................................. 23 

2.2 type arc_welding_processes ...................................................................................................... 23 

2.3 type brazing_processes .............................................................................................................. 23 

2.4 element electrical_specification................................................................................................. 24 

2.5 element filler_metal ................................................................................................................... 27 

2.6 element gas_component............................................................................................................. 30 

2.7 type gas_flowrate_type .............................................................................................................. 30 

2.8 element heat_treatment .............................................................................................................. 31 

2.9 type other_welding_processes ................................................................................................... 33 

2.10 type oxyfuel_gas_welding_processes...................................................................................... 33 

2.11 element preheat_and_interpass ................................................................................................ 34 

2.12 type resistance_welding_processes.......................................................................................... 35 

2.13 element shielding_gas_for_procedure ..................................................................................... 35 

2.14 type shielding_gas_type........................................................................................................... 38 

2.15 type soldering_processes ......................................................................................................... 39 

2.16 type solid_state_welding_processes ........................................................................................ 39 

2.17 type temperature_type.............................................................................................................. 39 

2.18 element variables_specification............................................................................................... 41 

2.19 element welding_position........................................................................................................ 48 
iii

2.20 element welding_procedure_specification............................................................................... 49 

2.21 type welding_process_type...................................................................................................... 50 

3. Testing and Inspection Data ............................................................................................................ 52 

3.1 element bend_test_bend_radius................................................................................................. 52 

3.2 type bend_test_types.................................................................................................................. 53 

3.3 element fracture_crack_plane_orientation................................................................................. 53 

3.4 element fracture_energy_absorbed ............................................................................................ 53 

3.5 element fracture_machine_notch_position ................................................................................ 54 

3.6 element fracture_specimen_location ......................................................................................... 54 

3.7 type fracture_toughness_test_methods ...................................................................................... 54 

3.8 type fracture_type_of_test_equipment ...................................................................................... 54 

3.9 element hardness_indentor ........................................................................................................ 55 

3.10 element hardness_load............................................................................................................. 55 

3.11 element hardness_location_of_impressions ............................................................................ 55 

3.12 element hardness_test_result ................................................................................................... 55 

3.13 element hardness_test_types.................................................................................................... 55 

3.14 element mechanical_test .......................................................................................................... 56 

3.15 type mechanical_tests .............................................................................................................. 57 

3.16 element nick_break_apparatus................................................................................................. 58 

3.17 type shear_specimen_types...................................................................................................... 58 

3.18 element shear_test_shear_strength .......................................................................................... 58 

3.19 element shear_test_unit_shear_load ........................................................................................ 59 

3.20 type soundness_test_types ....................................................................................................... 59 

3.21 type tension_specimen_types .................................................................................................. 59 

3.22 element tension_test_data ........................................................................................................ 60 

3.23 element test_fracture_appearance............................................................................................ 62 

3.24 element test_fracture_location................................................................................................. 62 

3.25 element test_LGBTFW_angle_of_fracture ............................................................................. 63 

3.26 element test_LGBTFW_discontinuity..................................................................................... 63 

3.27 element test_machine_serial_number...................................................................................... 64 

3.28 element test_number_of_specimens ........................................................................................ 64 

3.29 element test_percent_elongation.............................................................................................. 64 

3.30 element test_postweld_mechanical_treatment......................................................................... 64 

3.31 element test_postweld_thermal_treatment............................................................................... 64 

3.32 element test_specimen_dimensions......................................................................................... 64 

3.33 element test_specimen_location .............................................................................................. 65 

3.34 element test_specimen_orientation.......................................................................................... 65 

3.35 element test_technician_name ................................................................................................. 65 

3.36 type test_temperature............................................................................................................... 66 

Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................................ 66 

Appendices............................................................................................................................................ 66 

Appendix 1 – Items to Add in Next Edition of Data Dictionary ...................................................... 66 

Appendix 2 - Tasks for data modelers .............................................................................................. 67 

Appendix 3 – The BIG PICTURE of welding data exchange.......................................................... 68 

Appendix 4 – Terminology differences between ISO and AWS...................................................... 69 
1

A Welding Data Dictionary 

Scope 

This document includes data describing design of welded products, design of weldments including 

detailed weld and joint description, arc welding process specification, and destructive weld 

inspection. Common welding documents that convey this information are welding procedure 

specifications (WPSs) and mechanical testing reports. These documents are often implemented using 

hard copy or simple, but non-standard data formats. Variables of other welding processes such as gas 

and laser welding have not been covered at this time. 

Some of the variables and data types needed in standard welding procedure specifications (SWPSs) 

and procedure qualification records (PQRs) are not addressed. Examples are ranges of allowed 

values (e.g., minimum and maximum allowed current), conditions that are expressly not allowed, 

conditions that are optional, or multiple conditions that are allowed. These should be straightforward 

extensions of the data elements and types already defined. 

Also not addressed are overall formats for standard forms or standard test result reports. These are 

left to data modelers according to the requirements of their customers. Appendix 1 lists many other 

items that are not included in this document. They are suggestions to committees of experts who 

could expand the document’s scope. 

Purpose 

A data dictionary is the starting point for developing specifications for data formats for digital 

welding data. It gathers relevant data in one place, establishes standard labels and descriptions of the 

items, and designates data types to them. The purpose of a standard data format is to enable 

independent computer programs (applications) to exchange information with minimal or no cost and 

effort. 

This document’s form is suitable for a formal standard to be used by many different manufacturing 

industries that use welding. The existence of a single data dictionary as source for data modeling will 

ease the challenge of gathering the welding knowledge, and make implementations of different 

formats more consistent. Example formats are STEP and XML. Consistency eases the challenge of 

converting between the differing formats should it be necessary. Easy conversion between formats 

makes the decision of which format to use less critical. When data modelers discover improvements 

to the model the changes can be reflected in the high level data dictionary as well as to the 

implementation being worked on at the time. This way other implementations can benefit from the 

improvement. 

It is envisioned that welding standards documents that contain forms will use this data model to build 

their own structures to represent the form information. This will enable encoding of the information 

in a standard format so it may be conveyed electronically and not be limited to hardcopy or 

proprietary formats. 

The data dictionary is written in English rather than a formal modeling language so that: 

- welding experts can understand the information and work on it to improve it without learning a 

computer language. 
2

- it can serve as the common ground between welding experts and the data modelers who will 

develop detailed specifications. 

- it is not biased toward any particular encoding scheme. 

This dictionary goes beyond presenting all elementary information units as a flat list. It suggests 

gathering of elements into frequently used groupings. These groupings are not rigid: data modelers or 

refiners of the data dictionary can ungroup or regroup as they see fit. The groupings present the 

information in recognizable units that make understanding the document easier. 

This data dictionary is not sufficient to specify the design of a database or of a complete specification 

for standard data. Its terms and type definitions are the building blocks that need to be supplemented 

by encoding rules, and relationships like those described in database tables. 

Source Documents 

These documents contain definitions of the variables, or state the need for variables in report 

documents to describe welding products, processes or inspection results. 

1. AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2002 – Bridge Welding Code. 

2. ANSI/AWS A9.1-92, Standard Guide for Describing Arc Welds in Computerized Material 

Property and Nondestructive Examination Databases. 

3. ANSI/AWS A9.2-92, Standard Guide for Recording Arc Weld Material Property and 

Nondestructive Examination Data in Computerized Databases. 

4. ANSI/AWS A3.0: 2001, Standard Welding Terms and Definitions.

5. AWS B1.10:1999, Guide for the Non-destructive Examination of Welds.

6. AWS B2.1:2000, Specification for Welding Procedure and Performance Qualification. 

7. AWS B4.0M:2000, Standard Methods for Mechanical Testing of Welds. Parts A, B and C 

were used. Parts D and E are not covered here. 

8. AWS D1.1/D1.1M: 2002 Structural Welding Code – Steel. See especially Annex E, Sample 

Welding Forms. 

9. Jefferson's Welding Encyclopedia, 18th Edition, American Welding Society, 1997. 

Guidelines Used in Building the Data Dictionary 

• The primary audience for this document is domain experts in welding. They must be able 

to understand its content and be able to refine and expand it, without needing computer 

programming experience. The document then becomes a bridge between them and 

computer experts, who will encode the data and manipulate it in computer programs that 

serve the welding experts. 

• The item descriptions in this document should not be cited as formal definitions of terms. 

The descriptions are original, or are shortened or paraphrased versions of formal 

definitions. The source documents, usually AWS in origin, should be used. 

• Sources of most definitions are AWS documents. 

• When values are shown as “enumeration of:”, this means that only the listed values are 

allowed. This is a restriction on the allowed values for the element. 

• This data dictionary specifies, for some elements, hierarchical relationships of subelements, and enumerated values. Element grouping and enumeration are constraints on 

how the data can be used in a computer program or in a digital file. The constraints 
3

promote increased consistency between different vendors’ implementations of products or 

of digital format specifications. 

• The element naming convention of lower case words separated by underscores was 

chosen to be human readable, and mildly suggesting future tags to be used in formal 

encoding. The convention is not intended to suggest a preference of one encoding method 

over another. 

• Some provisions are made for specifying units for measured variables, especially to 

distinguish between U.S. customary, or “inch-pound”, and International System of Units 

(SI) usage. More examination of the need and suggestions for values are needed from 

welding experts. 

Sections of this Document 

Weld Design Data describes the desired weld that joins two workpieces. It includes descriptions of 

the workpieces (e.g., thickness, material), the geometric relationship between the workpieces (e.g., 

tee, butt), the edge shapes of the workpieces to form a joint, and the desired properties of the weld, 

such as size and degree of penetration. There are usually several different ways to produce a 

designed weld, e.g., by varying Welding Process Data such as welding process, number of passes, 

thickness of consumable, gas composition, etc. Testing and Inspection Data is information gathered 

by measuring characteristics of the weld after it is made, usually to compare to the design data. 

The appendices contain next-step information for data modelers, some high level background on the 

concept of standard data formats for welding, and suggestions for expansion of the scope of the next 

version of this data dictionary. 

Dictionary Field Definitions 

• There are two kinds of dictionary entries, “element” and “type”. Types are data templates 

that are reused in multiple elements. The prefix “p:” means primitive, one of Boolean, 

string, integer or decimal. An element is a unique chunk of information used in 

describing welding. The distinction between types and elements will be further refined in 

detailed data modeling – the major criterion is to make the model concise and 

understandable. 

• Diagram - When an element has subelements, a sketch of its sub-elements is shown to aid 

understanding. Diagrams show only one level of decomposition. Appendix 4 contains a 

few selected diagrams of multilevel diagrams. In the diagrams, the 3 short bars in some 

boxes is an artifact of the documentation tool and is not relevant. The small arrow in the 

lower left corner indicates that the element is defined globally, i.e. it is independent of the 

element definition it appears in. 

• Type – enumeration is used when there is one choice from a list of simple values. Choice 

of is used when there are several non-simple elements, one of which must be picked. 

• Values – this field appears only for enumerated types, showing the allowed values. 

• Children – list of elements that are parts of this element. 

• Used by – the name of elements that contain this element. 

• Source – citation of a standard or industry handbook that lists the need for the information. 

When the source for a sub-element is the same as its parent element, the source 

information is not repeated. 
4

• Description – prose description, or standard definition if one exists, to allow data modelers 

to select the appropriate elements for specific applications, forms and reports. It is an 

important task of welding experts, not data modelers, to develop precise descriptions. 

• Underlined type and element names are links that can be used in electronic documents for 

easy jumping to definitions. 

The index below is included for use in electronic documents that can use the links to the definitions. 

The types and elements are arranged in alphabetic order in each section. 

Elements Types 

base_metal allied_processes 

bend_test_bend_radius arc_welding_processes 

connection bend_test_types 

electrical_specification brazing_processes 

filler_metal edge_shapes 

fracture_crack_plane_orientation fracture_toughness_test_methods 

fracture_energy_absorbed fracture_type_of_test_equipment 

fracture_machine_notch_position gas_flowrate_type

fracture_specimen_location joint_types 

gas_component linear_dimension_range_type

hardness_indentor linear_dimension_type_mm

hardness_load mechanical_tests

hardness_location_of_impressions other_welding_processes 

hardness_test_result oxyfuel_gas_welding_processes 

hardness_test_types resistance_welding_processes 

heat_treatment shear_specimen_types 

joint_design shielding_gas_type

joint_penetration soldering_processes 

mechanical_test solid_state_welding_processes 

nick_break_apparatus soundness_test_types 

preheat_and_interpass temperature_type

shear_test_shear_strength tension_specimen_types 

shear_test_unit_shear_load test_temperature

shielding_gas_for_procedure weld_types 

sub_assembly welding_process_type

tension_test_data 

test_fracture_appearance 

test_fracture_location 

test_LGBTFW_angle_of_fracture 

test_LGBTFW_discontinuity 

test_machine_serial_number 

test_number_of_specimens 

test_percent_elongation 

test_postweld_mechanical_treatment 

test_postweld_thermal_treatment 

test_specimen_dimensions 

test_specimen_location 

test_specimen_orientation 

test_technician_name 

variables_specification 

weld_details 

weld_sizes 
5

welding_position 

welding_procedure_specification 

weldment 

workpiece 

1. Weld Design Data 
6

1.1 element base_metal 

Diagram 

Children common_name m_number group_number product_form thickness diameter

specification_number specification_version specification_organization UNS_number

CAS_number heat-lot_identification composition manufacturing_history service_history
7

applied_coating_specification

Used By element welding_procedure_specification

 Source AWS B2.1, section 2.13. 

Description The material that is being joined using a weld. 

1.1.1 element base_metal/common_name

Type p:string 

Description The trade name, a name used without all the designations of the formal specification. 

1.1.2 element base_metal/m_number

Type p:string 

Source AWS A9., section 5.1.1., and B2.1, glossary definition p. 2. 

Description A designation used to group base metals for procedure and performance qualifications. 

1.1.3 element base_metal/group_number

Type p:string 

Description A classification system for metal by material properties. 

1.1.4 element base_metal/product_form

Type enumeration of p:string 

Values enumeration plate 

enumeration bar 

enumeration sheet 

enumeration tube 

enumeration pipe 

enumeration structural - i beam 

enumeration structural - other 

Description The form of the workpieces to be joined. 

1.1.5 element base_metal/thickness

Type p:decimal 

Description Plate or sheet thickness, if tube, specifies wall thickness. 

1.1.6 element base_metal/diameter

Type p:decimal 

Description Outside diameter, only used if material is tube. 
8

1.1.7 element base_metal/specification_number

Type p:string 

Source AWS A9.1, section 5.1.1 

Description The standard designation of the formal material classification. 

1.1.8 element base_metal/specification_version

Type p:string 

Source AWS A9.1, section 5.1.1 

Description Version of the specification used. 

1.1.9 element base_metal/specification_organization

Type p:string 

Source AWS A9.1, section 5.1.1 

Description The organization responsible for generating the specification. 

1.1.10 element base_metal/UNS_number

Type p:string 

Source AWS A9.1, section 5.1.1 

Description Unified Numbering System for Metals and Alloys, managed by ASTM and SAE. 

1.1.11 element base_metal/CAS_number

Type p:string 

Source AWS A9.1, section 5.1.1 

Description Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number, a unique identifier for substances issued by the 

Chemical Abstracts Service. 

1.1.12 element base_metal/heat-lot_identification

Type p:string 

Source AWS A9.1, section 5.1.1. 

Description A unique identifier issued by a materials manufacturer assigned to manufacturing batches. 

1.1.13 element base_metal/composition

Description Detailed chemical composition, by elements. This Type needs expansion. 

Source AWS A9.1, section 5.1.1.10 
9

1.1.14 element base_metal/manufacturing_history

Type enumeration of p:string 

Values enumeration cold worked 

enumeration normalized 

enumeration annealed 

Source AWS A9.1, section 5.1.1.11.1 

Description Mechanical manufacturing methods used to produce the welded material. 

1.1.15 element base_metal/service_history

Type enumeration of p:string 

Values enumeration sour crude 

enumeration need expansion here 

Source AWS A9.1, section 5.1.1.11.1 

Description The mechanical forming and heat treatment methods used to produce the stock material. 

1.1.16 element base_metal/applied_coating_specification

Type p:string 

Source Applies especially to AWS B4.0, section B2-9(1) 

Description Standard designation for the class of coating. 

1.2 element connection 

Diagram 

Children joint_type weld joint_penetration weld_details

Used By element sub_assembly

Source Source: ISO 857 - section 3.1.4 

Description The joint formed by edge preparation of two workpieces and the weld that joins the workpieces 

together. 

1.2.1 element connection/joint_type

Type joint_types

Values enumeration butt_joint 

enumeration corner_joint 

enumeration t_joint 
10

enumeration lap_joint 

enumeration edge_joint 

enumeration flanged_butt_joint 

enumeration flanged_corner_joint 

enumeration flanged_t_joint 

enumeration flanged_lap_joint 

enumeration flanged_edge_joint 

Source AWS A3.0, Figure 1 - Joint Types and definition of term. 

Description “A weld joint classification based the relative orientation of the members being joined.” 

1.2.2 element connection/weld

Diagram 

Children weld_type singleOrDoubleSided

Source AWS A3.0 definition. 

Description A region of coalescence of materials produced by heating or pressure, that joins two pieces of 

metal. 

1.2.2.1 element connection/weld/weld_type

Type weld_types

Values enumeration groove 

enumeration fillet 

enumeration plug 

enumeration slot 

enumeration spot 

enumeration seam 

enumeration flange 

enumeration stud 

enumeration surfacing 

enumeration upset 

enumeration flash 

enumeration bevelGroove 

enumeration flareBevelGroove 

enumeration doubleBevelGroove 

enumeration jGroove 

enumeration singleJGroove 

enumeration uGroove 

enumeration singleUGroove 

enumeration doubleUGroove 

enumeration vGroove 

enumeration flareVGroove 

enumeration singleVGroove 

enumeration doubleVGroove 

enumeration squareGroove 

enumeration edgeFlange 

enumeration braze 
11

enumeration projection 

Description Characterization of the designed weld, by geometry of the objects being joined and of the joint. 

1.2.2.2 element connection/weld/singleOrDoubleSided

Type enumeration of p:string 

Values enumeration single_sided 

enumeration two_sided 

Source See definiton of "double-welded joint", AWS A3.0, and Figures 8 and 9. 

Description Specification of welding either from only one side or both sides of the joint. 

1.3 type edge_shapes 

Type enumeration of p:string 

Values enumeration square_edge 

enumeration single_bevel_edge 

enumeration double_bevel_edge 

enumeration single_j_edge 

enumeration double_j_edge 

enumeration flanged_edge 

enumeration round 

Source AWS 3.0, Figure 7 - Edge Shapes 

Description Shape of the edge of a single piece of base material made to form a joint with another piece of 

base material. 

1.4 element joint_design 

Diagram 

Children joint_geometry backing_description sketch_number

Used by elements weld_details welding_procedure_specification

Source Source: AWS 2.1:2000, 2.13.1 p. 20 

Description AWS 3.0, p. 19 : "Detailed Description of mating configuration of two components, sufficient 

information for shop preparation of the components." 
12

1.4.1 element joint_design/joint_geometry

Diagram 

Children units root_opening root_face bevel1_angle bevel2_angle groove_angle 

depth_of_bevel groove_radius

Source AWS 3.0 Definition, p. 19, and Figure 6, p. 45. 

Description Dimensions of joint root, bevel, and groove features. 

1.4.1.1 element joint_design/joint_geometry/units

Type enumeration of p:string 

Values enumeration millimeters 

enumeration inches 

Description Choice of SI or U.S. Customary units for the linear dimensions. 

1.4.1.2 element joint_design/joint_geometry/root_opening

Type p:decimal

Description See AWS 3.0, Figure 6. 

1.4.1.3 element joint_design/joint_geometry/root_face

Type p:decimal

Source See AWS A3.0 definition, and Figure 5. 

Description “That portion of the groove face within the joint root”. 
13

1.4.1.4 element joint_design/joint_geometry/bevel1_angle

Type p:decimal

Description See AWS A3.0, Figure 6. Units: degrees. 

1.4.1.5 element joint_design/joint_geometry/bevel2_angle

Type p:decimal

Description See AWS A3.0, Figure 6. Units: degrees. 

1.4.1.6 element joint_design/joint_geometry/groove_angle

Type p:decimal

Description See AWS A3.0, Figure 6. Units: degrees 

1.4.1.7 element joint_design/joint_geometry/depth_of_bevel

Type p:decimal

Description See AWS A3.0, Figure 6. Units: degrees 

1.4.1.8 element joint_design/joint_geometry/groove_radius

Type p:decimal 

Description See AWS A3.0, Figure 6. Units: degrees 

1.4.2 element joint_design/backing_description

Diagram 

Children backing_used backing_type back_weld_preparation

Description AWS A3.0: "Material placed against the back side of the joint to support and retain molten weld 

metal". 

1.4.2.1 element joint_design/backing_description/backing_used

Type p:boolean 

Description Boolean stating if backing is required for the weld. 
14

1.4.2.2 element joint_design/backing_description/backing_type

Type enumeration of p:string 

Values enumeration none 

enumeration strip 

enumeration strap 

enumeration ring 

enumeration split-pipe 

enumeration weld/sealing run 

enumeration consumable insert 

enumeration copper bar 

enumeration non metallic 

enumeration retaining shoes 

enumeration flux backing 

enumeration backing tape 

enumeration refractory material 

enumeration backing_not_alllowed(for PQR) 

Source Source: Welding Handbook, V2, pp. 58, 218, 274. Jefferson's Welding Encyclopedia, p. 46, ISO 

9692, ISO 17659. 

Description Most backing Types do not apply to all Types of welding, and should be restricted to the 

appropriate welding technology (by further refining the definitions, e.g., shoes are typically slag 

welding only). 

1.4.2.3 element joint_design/backing_Description/back_weld_preparation

Type enumeration of p:string 

Values enumeration none 

enumeration gouging 

enumeration chipping 

Description AWS A3.0: "Removal of weld metal and base metal from the weld root side of a joint for 

subsequent welding from that side". 

1.4.3 element joint_design/sketch_number

Type p:string 

Description Reference to a sketch of the joint design, the drawing number. 
15

1.5 element joint_penetration 

Diagram 

Children complete_or_partial units root_penetration groove_weld_size

incomplete_joint_penetration weld_size weld_size_E1 weld_size_E2 depth_of_fusion

Used By element connection

Source AWS A3.0, Figure 26 - "Joint Penetration...", Figure 30 - Fusion Welds 

Description Various dimensions of penetration of the weld into the base materials. 

1.5.1 element joint_penetration/complete_or_partial

Type enumeration of p:string 

Values enumeration completePenetration 

enumeration partialPenetration 

Description The weld design calls for partial or complete penetration. 

1.5.2 element joint_penetration/units

Type enumeration of p:string 

Values enumeration millimeters 

enumeration inches 

Description Selection of SI or U.S. Customary units for linear measurements. 
16

1.5.3 element joint_penetration/root_penetration

Type p:decimal 

Source AWS A3.0, definition, and Figure 26 - "Joint Penetration...", Figure 30 - Fusion Welds 

Description “The distance the weld metal extends into the root joint”. 

1.5.4 element joint_penetration/groove_weld_size

Type p:decimal 

Source AWS A3.0, Figure 26 - "Joint Penetration...", Figure 30 - Fusion Welds 

Description “The joint penetration of a groove weld”. 

1.5.5 element joint_penetration/incomplete_joint_penetration

Type p:decimal 

Description See AWS A3.0 definition, and Figure 26 - "Joint Penetration...", Figure 30 - Fusion Welds 

1.5.6 element joint_penetration/weld_size

Type p:decimal 

Description See AWS A3.0 definition and Figure 26 - "Joint Penetration...", Figure 30 - Fusion Welds 

1.5.7 element joint_penetration/weld_size_E1

Type p:decimal 

Description See AWS A3.0 definition and Figure 26 - "Joint Penetration...", Figure 30 - Fusion Welds 

1.5.8 element joint_penetration/weld_size_E2 

Type p:decimal 

Description See AWS A3.0 definition and Figure 26 - "Joint Penetration...", Figure 30 - Fusion Welds 

1.5.9 element joint_penetration/depth_of_fusion

Type p:decimal 

Source AWS 3.0 definition, and Figure 26 - "Joint Penetration...", Figure 30 - Fusion Welds 

Description “The distance that fusion extends into the base metal or the previous bead from the surface melted 

during welding”. 

1.6 type joint_types 

Type enumeration of p:string 

Used By element connection/joint_type
17

Values enumeration butt_joint 

enumeration corner_joint 

enumeration t_joint 

enumeration lap_joint 

enumeration edge_joint 

enumeration flanged_butt_joint 

enumeration flanged_corner_joint 

enumeration flanged_t_joint 

enumeration flanged_lap_joint 

enumeration flanged_edge_joint 

Source AWS A3.0 definition and Figure 2, p. 42 

Description “A weld joint classification based on relative orientation of members being joined”. 

1.7 type linear_dimension_range_type 

Diagram 

Children units minimum maximum

Description Inclusive limits on dimension of a material, e.g., thickness of base plate. 

1.7.1 element linear_dimension_range_type/units

Type enumeration of p:string 

values enumeration millimeters 

enumeration inches 

enumeration gauge 

Description Choice of units to describe a linear dimension. 

1.7.2 element linear_dimension_range_type/minimum

Type p:decimal 

Description Inclusive minimum limit. 

1.7.3 element linear_dimension_range_type/maximum

Type p:decimal 

Description Inclusive maximum limit. 
18

1.8 type linear_dimension_type_mm 

Diagram 

Children units dimension

Used by elements variables_specification/contact_tube_to_work_distance

variables_specification/stickout

Description Specifies U.S. Customary or SI units for linear measurement of dimensions less than 500 mm. 

Contrast to units that would be used to measure, e.g., length of weld bead deposited per hour. 

1.8.1 element linear_dimension_type_mm/units

Type enumeration of p:string 

Values enumeration millimeters 

enumeration inches 

Description Choice of SI or U.S. Customary units. 

1.8.2 element linear_dimension_type_mm/dimension

Type p:decimal 

Description The scalar quantity of the measurement. 

1.9 element sub_assembly 

Diagram 

Children workpiece connection

Used By element weldment

Source Welding Handbook, Vol. 1, p. 136. 

Description Two workpieces joined by a weld. Identifies simple weldments that can be joined to form a larger 

more complicated weldment. 
19

1.10 element weld_details 

Diagram 

Children joint_design weld_sizes number_of_passes

Used By element connection

Source No standards Source for this parameter. See definition of "welding variable" in AWS B2.1. 

Description Information describing the joint and the geometric parameters of the designed weld. 

1.10.1 element weld_details/number_of_passes

Type p:integer 

Description Number of times needed to deposit weld metal to complete the weld. 
20

1.11 element weld_sizes 

Diagram 

Children units size actual_throat effective_throat leg1_and_size leg2_and_size 

theoretical_throat convexity concavity incomplete_fusion depth_of_fusion

Used By element weld_details

Source AWS 3.0, Figure 25 - Weld Sizes. 

Description Linear dimensions of cross sectional weld features. Sizes are of design and actual features. 

1.11.1 element weld_sizes/units

Type enumeration of p:string 

Values enumeration millimeters 

enumeration inches 

Description Choice of SI or U.S. Customary linear measurement units. 
21

1.11.2 element weld_sizes/size

Type p:decimal 

Description Size of a single weld bead. See AWS 3.0, Figure 25 - Weld Sizes. 

1.11.3 element weld_sizes/actual_throat

Type p:decimal 

Description See AWS 3.0, Figure 25 - Weld Sizes. 

1.11.4 element weld_sizes/effective_throat

Type p:decimal

Description See AWS 3.0, Figure 25 - Weld Sizes. 

1.11.5 element weld_sizes/leg1_and_Size

Type p:decimal

Description See AWS 3.0, Figure 25 - Weld Sizes. 

1.11.6 element weld_sizes/leg2_and_size

Type p:decimal

Description See AWS 3.0, Figure 25 - Weld Sizes. 

1.11.7 element weld_sizes/theoretical_throat

Type p:decimal

Description See AWS 3.0, Figure 25 - Weld Sizes. 

1.11.8 element weld_sizes/convexity 

Type p:decimal

Description See AWS 3.0, Figure 25 - Weld Sizes. 

1.11.9 element weld_sizes/concavity

Type p:decimal

Description See AWS 3.0, Figure 25 - Weld Sizes. 
22

1.11.10 element weld_sizes/incomplete_fusion 

Type p:decimal

Description See AWS 3.0, Figure 25 - Weld Sizes. 

1.11.11 element weld_sizes/depth_of_fusion

Type p:decimal

Description See AWS 3.0, Figure 25 - Weld Sizes. 

1.12 element weldment 

Children One or more instances of sub_assembly

Source AWS A3.0 

Description "An assembly whose component parts are joined by welding" 

1.13 element workpiece 

Used By element sub_assembly

Description This element describes a piece of metal, its material, geometric properties and boundaries, 

including its edge shape for the welded joint. A workpiece can be a single piece of plate, or a 

previously assembled weldment. The scope of this data is beyond this welding data dictionary. 

This element represents an interface with CAD applications. 

1.14 type weld_types 

Type enumeration of p:string 

Used By element connection/weld/weld_type

Values enumeration groove 

enumeration fillet 

enumeration plug 

enumeration slot 

enumeration spot 

enumeration seam 

enumeration flange 

enumeration stud 

enumeration surfacing 

enumeration upset 

enumeration flash 

enumeration bevelGroove 

enumeration flareBevelGroove 

enumeration doubleBevelGroove 

enumeration jGroove 

enumeration singleJGroove 

enumeration uGroove 

enumeration singleUGroove 

enumeration doubleUGroove 
23

enumeration vGroove 

enumeration flareVGroove 

enumeration singleVGroove 

enumeration doubleVGroove 

enumeration squareGroove 

enumeration edgeFlange 

enumeration braze 

enumeration projection 

Source AWS 3.0 - Figures 8, 9, 15, and AWS A9.1 - Table1 

Description Classification of the weld by its joint configuration. 

2. Welding Process Data

2.1 type allied_processes 

Type enumeration of p:string 

Used By element welding_process_type/allied_process

Values enumeration oxygen_cutting(OC) 

enumeration arc_cutting(AC) 

enumeration other_cutting 

Source AWS 3.0, Figure 54b – Master Chart of Allied Processes 

Description Processes, used by manufacturers that also use welding. 

2.2 type arc_welding_processes 

Type enumeration of p:string 

Used By element welding_process_type/arc_welding_process

Values enumeration atomicHydrogenWelding(AHW) 

enumeration bareMetalArcWelding(BMAW) 

enumeration carbonArcWelding(CAW) 

enumeration carbonArcWeldingGas(CAW-G) 

enumeration carbonArcWeldingShielded(CAW-S) 

enumeration electrogasWelding(EGW) 

enumeration electroSlagWelding(ESW) 

enumeration gasMetalArcWelding(GMAW) 

enumeration gasTungstenArcWelding(GTAW) 

enumeration plasmaArcWelding(PAW) 

enumeration shieldedMetalArcWelding(SMAW) 

enumeration studArcWelding(SW) 

enumeration submergedArcWelding(SAW) 

enumeration submergedArcWeldingSeries(SAW-S) 

Description See AWS 3.0, Figure 54A - Master Chart of Welding and Allied Processes 

2.3 type brazing_processes 

Type enumeration of p:string 

Used By element welding_process_type/brazing_process

Values enumeration block_brazing(BB) 

enumeration diffusion_brazing(CAB) 
24

enumeration dip_brazing(DB) 

enumeration exothermic_brazing(EXB) 

enumeration flow_brazing(FLOW) 

enumeration furnace_brazing(FB) 

enumeration induction_brazing(IB) 

enumeration infrared_brazing(IRB) 

enumeration resistance_brazing(RB) 

enumeration torch_brazing(TB) 

enumeration twin_carbon_arc_brazing(TCAB) 

Description See AWS 3.0, Figure 54A - Master Chart of Welding and Allied Processes 

2.4 element electrical_specification 

Diagram 

Children current_value voltage_value other_reference_work_value current_type polarity

transfer_mode tungsten_electrode_specification tungsten_electrode_classification

tungsten_electrode_diameter

Used By element welding_procedure_specification

Source AWS B2.1, section 2.13.8 

Description For arc welding only, the values and types of current used. 
25

2.4.1 element electrical_specification/current_value

Type p:decimal 

Source AWS B2.1, section 2.13.8 (1) 

Description Current used for a procedure, or current specified (units are amperes). 

2.4.2 element electrical_specification/voltage_value

Type p:decimal 

Source AWS B2.1, section 2.13.8 (2) 

Description The voltage to be maintained by the power source, measured between the electrode and the 

workpiece. Units are volts. 

2.4.3 element electrical_specification/other_reference_work_value

Type p:decimal 

Description Commanded variable level for use by various control modes, especially synergic. Units could be 

WFS, with current levels determined by the intelligent power source. 

2.4.4 element electrical_specification/current_type

Type enumeration of p:string 

Values enumeration constant_current 

enumeration constant_voltage 

enumeration pulsed 

Source AWS B2.1, section 2.13.8 (1) 

Description The flow of current implemented by the power source. 

2.4.5 element electrical_specification/polarity

Type enumeration of p:string 

Values enumeration DCEP 

enumeration DCEN 

enumeration AC 

enumeration PULSED 

Source AWS B2.1, section 2.13.8 (1) 

Description The electrical polarity between the electrode and the workpiece, in direct current arc welding. 

2.4.6 element electrical_specification/transfer_mode

Type enumeration of p:string 

Values enumeration spray 

enumeration globular 

enumeration short circuit 

enumeration not applicable 

Source AWS B2.1, section 2.13.8 (5) 
26

Description The method for causing molten weld metal to leave the consumable electrode and enter the weld 

pool. 

2.4.7 element electrical_specification/tungsten_electrode_specification

Type p:string 

Source AWS A9.1, section 5.1.8, and AWS A5.12. 

Description Description of the electrode’s chemical composition, and length and diameter. 

2.4.8 element electrical_specification/tungsten_electrode_classification

Type p:string 

Source AWS A9.1, section 5.1.8, and AWS A5.12. 

Description The name of a formal AWS or ISO class, determined by the chemical composition. 

2.4.9 element electrical_specification/tungsten_electrode_diameter

Type linear_dimension_type_mm 

Source AWS A9.1, section 5.1.8 

Description Diameter of the electrode. 
27

2.5 element filler_metal 

Diagram 

Children filler_form classification specification size_or_diameter nominal_composition f_number

a_number flux_classification supplemental_filler_metal consumable_insert

consumable_insert_type consumable_guide supplemental_deoxidant

Used By element welding_procedure_specification

Source AWS B2.1, Section 2.13.3 

Description AWS A3.0 definition: "Metal or alloy added in making a ... joint". 
28

2.5.1 element filler_metal/filler_form

Type enumeration of p:string 

Values enumeration wire 

enumeration wire_coiled 

enumeration wire_spooled 

enumeration round_wire 

enumeration rectangular_wire 

enumeration strip_coiled 

enumeration strip_spooled 

enumeration round_wire 

enumeration rod 

enumeration rod_rectangular 

enumeration rod_round 

enumeration powder_and_paste 

enumeration foil 

enumeration sheet 

Source AWS 

Description Physical shape of the filler metal and of its bulk configuration. 

2.5.2 element filler_metal/classification

Type p:string 

Description A formal AWS or ISO designation assigned according to the chemical composition. 

2.5.3 element filler_metal/specification 

Type p:string 

Description A designation including composition and physical properties of the filler metal. 

2.5.4 element filler_metal/size_or_diameter

Type linear_dimension_type_mm

Description Diameter of round metal, or dimensions of prismatic shaped metal. 

2.5.5 element filler_metal/nominal_composition

Type p:string 

Description Use only if a formal classification is not used. 

2.5.6 element filler_metal/f_number

Type p:string 

Description AWS B2.1 definiton: "A designation used to group welding filler metal for procedure and 

performance qualifications". 
29

2.5.7 element filler_metal/a_number

Type p:string 

Description AWS B2.1 definition: "a designation to classify ferrous weld metal for procedure qualification based 

upon chemical composition". 

2.5.8 element filler_metal/flux_classification

Type enumeration of p:string 

Values enumeration none 

enumeration solid/metal core 

enumeration flux_cored 

enumeration powder_cored 

Description The formal classification of the flux. e.g., ANSI/AWS A5.20 describes classes for carbon steel 

electrodes for flux cored arc welding. 

2.5.9 element filler_metal/supplemental_filler_metal

Type p:string 

Description Specification of a filler metal used in addition to a consumable electrode. 

2.5.10 element filler_metal/use_consumable_insert

Type p:boolean 

Description Boolean stating whether a consumable insert is required or specified. 

2.5.11 element filler_metal/consumable_insert_type 

Type p:string 

Description Specification of the material property and its size. 

2.5.12 element filler_metal/consumable_guide

Type p:string 

Description Material used to contain the weld pool that is melted and becomes part of the weld. 

2.5.13 element filler_metal/supplemental_deoxidant

Type p:string 

Description Material added to reduce formation of compounds of oxygen during welding. 
30

2.6 element gas_component 

Diagram 

Children gas_chemical_name gas_percentage

Used By type shielding_gas_type

Source ANSI/AWS A9.1, section 5.1.7 

Description A single gas element of a mixture and its percentage of the mixture by weight. 

2.6.1 element gas_component/gas_chemical_name

Type enumeration of p:string 

Values enumeration argon 

enumeration carbon dioxide 

enumeration helium 

enumeration hydrogen 

enumeration oxygen 

Description Name of a single element or compound of gas. 

2.6.2 element gas_component/gas_percentage

Type p:decimal 

Description Percentage by weight this gas occupies of the total gas mixture. 

2.7 type gas_flowrate_type 

Diagram 

Children units flow_rate

Used By elements shielding_gas_for_procedure/backing_gas_flowrate

shielding_gas_for_procedure/torch_shielding_gas_flowrate

shielding_gas_for_procedure/trailing_shielding_gas_flowrate

Description Flow rate in either U.S. Customary or SI units. 

2.7.1 element gas_flowrate_type/units

Type enumeration of p:string 
31

Values enumeration liters per minute 

enumeration cubic feet per hour 

2.7.2 element gas_flowrate_type/flow_rate

Type p:decimal 

2.8 element heat_treatment 

Diagram 

Children preweld_temperature preweld_time max_interpass_temperature

PWHT_minimum_temperature PWHT_maximum_termperature PWHT_hold_time

Used By element welding_procedure_specification

Source AWS B2.1, section 2.13.6. Discussion of preheat in Welding Handbook, V2, pp. 206, 253-255 

Description Description of the heating of a joint (if required) before or after welding, or of maximum or minimum 

required temperatures to be maintained during welding to improve or maintain desireable properties 

of the base metal or of the weld. 

2.8.1 element heat_treatment/preweld_temperature

Diagram 

Type temperature_type

Children units value
32

Source AWB B2.1, section 2.13.5 (1). 

Description Required temperature of base material before welding begins. 

2.8.2 element heat_treatment/preweld_time

Type p:decimal 

Source AWS B2.1, section 2.13.5 (3). 

Description Time base materials must be held at the required temperature. Need details on preferred units, 

e.g., whole minutes, decimal minutes, minutes + seconds. 

2.8.3 element heat_treatment/max_interpass_temperature

Diagram 

Type temperature_type

Children units value

Source AWS B2.1, section 2.13.5 (2), and AWS A3.0 definition. 

Description The maximum allowed temperature of the weld area between weld passes of a multipass weld. 

2.8.4 element heat_treatment/PWHT_minimum_temperature

Diagram 

Type temperature_type

Children units value

Description Minimum temperature that must be maintained during heat treatment. 
33

2.8.5 element heat_treatment/PWHT_maximum_termperature

Diagram 

Type temperature_type

Children units value

Description Maximum allowed temperature during heat treatment. 

2.8.6 element heat_treatment/PWHT_hold_time 

Type p:decimal 

Source AWS B2.1, section 2.13.6 (1). 

Description Units: minutes 

2.9 type other_welding_processes 

Type enumeration of p:string 

Used By element welding_process_type/other_welding_process

Values enumeration electron_beam_welding(EBW) 

enumeration electroslag_welding(ESW) 

enumeration flow_welding(FLOW) 

enumeration induction_welding(IW) 

enumeration laser_beam_welding(LBW) 

enumeration percussion_welding(PEW) 

enumeration thermite_welding(TW) 

Description See AWS 3.0, Figure 54A - Master Chart of Welding and Allied Processes 

2.10 type oxyfuel_gas_welding_processes 

Type enumeration of p:string 

Used By element welding_process_type/oxyfuel_gas_welding_process

Values enumeration air_acetylene_welding(AAW) 

enumeration oxyacetylene_welding(OAW) 

enumeration oxyhydrogen_welding(OHW) 

enumeration pressure_gas_welding(PGW) 

Description See AWS A3.0, Figure 54A - Master Chart of Welding and Allied Processes 
34

2.11 element preheat_and_interpass 

Diagram 

Children preheat_minimum_temperature interpass_temperature_maximum preheat_maintenance

Source AWS B2.1, section 2.13.5 

Description Requirement for temperature of the base metal in the welding area immediately before welding, 

and requirement between weld passes. 

2.11.1 element preheat_and_interpass/preheat_minimum_temperature

Diagram 

Type temperature_type

Children units value

Description Lowest allowed temperature immediately before welding. 

2.11.2 element preheat_and_interpass/interpass_temperature_maximum 

Diagram 

Type temperature_type

Children units value

Description Highest allowed temperature between welding passes, before another pass may be made. 
35

2.11.3 element preheat_and_interpass/preheat_maintenance

Type enumeration of p:string 

Values enumeration continuous 

enumeration special heating not required 

Description Method of applying heat to insure weldment stays above minimum allowed temperature. 

2.12 type resistance_welding_processes 

Type enumeration of p:string 

Used By element welding_process_type/resistance_welding_process

Values enumeration flash_welding(FW) 

enumeration projection_welding(PW) 

enumeration resistance_spot_welding(RSW) 

enumeration resistance_weam_welding(RSEW) 

enumeration upset_welding(UW) 

Description See AWS 3.0, Figure 54A - Master Chart of Welding and Allied Processes 

2.13 element shielding_gas_for_procedure 

Diagram 
36

Children use_torch_shielding_gas torch_shielding_gas torch_shielding_gas_flowrate

use_backing_gas backing_gas backing_gas_flowrate use_trailing_gas

trailing_shielding_gas trailing_shielding_gas_flowrate

Used By element welding_procedure_specification

Source AWS B2.1, section 2.13.7 

Description Description of applicable gas composition and flowrates, including torch gas shielding, backing gas, 

and trailing gas. 

2.13.1 element shielding_gas_for_procedure/use_torch_shielding_gas

Type p:boolean 

Description Torch shielding gas is/is not required or specified. 

2.13.2 element shielding_gas_for_procedure/torch_shielding_gas 

Diagram 

Type shielding_gas_type

Children gas_component common_name designation

Description Composition of shielding gas expelled from a nozzle in the welding torch. 

2.13.3 element shielding_gas_for_procedure/torch_shielding_gas_flowrate 

Diagram 

Type gas_flowrate_type

Children units flow_rate

Description Flow rate of shielding gas required or specified. 
37

2.13.4 element shielding_gas_for_procedure/use_backing_gas 

Type p:boolean 

Description Backing gas is/is not required or specified. 

2.13.5 element shielding_gas_for_procedure/backing_gas

Diagram 

Type shielding_gas_type

Children gas_component common_name designation

Description Specification of the component gases of the mixture. 

2.13.6 element shielding_gas_for_procedure/backing_gas_flowrate

Diagram 

Type gas_flowrate_type

Children units flow_rate

Description Flowrate of backing gas. 

2.13.7 element shielding_gas_for_procedure/use_trailing_gas 

Type p:boolean 

Description Trailing shielding gas is/is not required or specified. 
38

2.13.8 element shielding_gas_for_procedure/trailing_shielding_gas

Diagram 

Type shielding_gas_type

Children gas_component common_name designation

Description Composition or identification of trailing gas. 

2.13.9 element shielding_gas_for_procedure/trailing_shielding_gas_flowrate

Diagram 

Type gas_flowrate_type

Children units flow_rate

Description Flowrate of trailing gas during welding. 

2.14 type shielding_gas_type 

Diagram 

Children gas_component common_name designation

Used By elements shielding_gas_for_procedure/backing_gas
39

shielding_gas_for_procedure/torch_shielding_gas

shielding_gas_for_procedure/trailing_shielding_gas

Description Description of a gas or gas mixture used for shielding in arc welding. 

2.14.1 element shielding_gas_type/common_name

Type p:string 

Description Trade name for the gas mixture. 

2.14.2 element shielding_gas_type/designation

Type p:string 

Description Specification according to AWS classification by chemical composition of the gas mixture. 

2.15 type soldering_processes 

Type p:string 

Used By element welding_process_type/soldering_process

Description See AWS 3.0, Figure 54A - Master Chart of Welding and Allied Processes 

2.16 type solid_state_welding_processes 

Type enumeration of p:string 

Used By element welding_process_type/solid_state_welding_process

Values enumeration coextrusion_welding(CEW) 

enumeration cold_welding(CW) 

enumeration diffusion_welding(DFW) 

enumeration explosion_welding(EXW) 

enumeration forge_welding(FOW) 

enumeration friction_welding(FRW) 

enumeration hot_pressure_welding(HPW) 

enumeration ultrasonic_welding(USW) 

Description See AWS 3.0, Figure 54A - Master Chart of Welding and Allied Processes 

2.17 type temperature_type 

Diagram 

Children units value

Used By elements preheat_and_interpass/interpass_temperature_maximum

heat_treatment/max_interpass_temperature
40

preheat_and_interpass/preheat_minimum_temperature

heat_treatment/preweld_temperature

heat_treatment/PWHT_maximum_termperature

heat_treatment/PWHT_minimum_temperature

Description Specifies temperature units and the value. 

2.17.1 element temperature_type/units

Type enumeration of p:string 

Values enumeration fahrenheit 

enumeration centigrade 

Description Choice of U.S. Customary or SI units. 

2.17.2 element temperature_type/value

Type p:decimal 

Description Numeric value. 
41

2.18 element variables_specification 

Diagram 

Children welding_process method_of_application electrode_configuration number_of_passes

contact_tube_to_work_distance stickout cleaning_requirement flux peening_requirement

weld_bead_type travel_speed travel_angle work_angle wire_feed_speed progression

Used By element welding_procedure_specification

Source AWS B2.1, section 2.13.9 

Description Detailed information in a WPS that supplements the basic parameters. 
42

2.18.1 element variables_specification/welding_process

Diagram 

Type welding_process_type

Children arc_welding_process brazing_process other_welding_process

oxyfuel_gas_welding_process allied_process resistance_welding_process

soldering_process solid_state_welding_process

Source AWS 3.0, Figure 54A - Master Chart of Welding and Allied Processes 

Description The standard classification of the welding process. 

2.18.2 element variables_specification/method_of_application

Type enumeration of p:string 

Values enumeration manual 

enumeration semiautomatic 

enumeration mechanized 

enumeration automatic 

Source AWS B2.1, section 2.13.9 

Description The means of manipulating the welding electrode, either by person or machine. 
43

2.18.3 element variables_specification/electrode_configuration

Diagram 

Children number_of_electrodes electrode_spacing

Source AWS B2.1, section 2.13.9(2) 

Description For non-manual welding, use of single or multiple electrodes 

2.18.3.1 element variables_specification/electrode_configuration/number_of_electrodes

Type p:integer 

Description Number of electrodes that conduct welding current simultaneously. 

2.18.3.2 element variables_specification/electrode_configuration/electrode_spacing

Diagram 

Children units spacing

Description Distance between electrodes at point of entry to the weld pool, measured from center to center. 

2.18.3.2.1 element variables_specification/electrode_configuration/electrode_spacing/units

Type enumeration of p:string 

Values enumeration millimeters 

enumeration inches 

2.18.3.2.2 element variables_specification/electrode_configuration/electrode_spacing/spacing

Type linear_dimension_type_mm

Description Distance from center to center between dual electrodes. 
44

2.18.4 element variables_specification/number_of_passes

Diagram 

Children single_or_multipass passes

Description Number of times a weld bead is laid down in a joint. 

2.18.4.1 element variables_specification/number_of_passes/single_or_multipass

Type enumeration of p:string 

Values enumeration single_pass 

enumeration multi_pass 

2.18.4.2 element variables_specification/number_of_passes/passes

Type p:integer 

2.18.5 element variables_specification/contact_tube_to_work_distance

Diagram 

Type linear_dimension_type_mm

Children units dimension

Source AWS A3.0, Figure 38. 

Description In gas metal arc welding, the distance from the end of the contact tube to the metal being joined. 
45

2.18.6 element variables_specification/stickout

Diagram 

Type linear_dimension_type_mm

Children units dimension

Source AWS A3.0 definition, and Figure 38 - GMAW Gun Nomenclature. 

Description “The length of electrode extending beyond the end of the gas nozzle.” 

2.18.7 element variables_specification/cleaning_requirement

Type p:string 

Source AWS B2.1, section 2.13.9 (5) 

Description Required method of cleaning before welding, done to ensure weld quality. 

2.18.8 element variables_specification/flux

Diagram 

Children specification common_name

Source AWS A9.1, section 5.1.5 

Description Specification of the flux required or used. 

2.18.8.1 element variables_specification/flux/specification

Type p:string 

Description AWS or ISO designation for the flux composition. 

2.18.8.2 element variables_specification/flux/common_name

Type p:string 
46

 2.18.9 element variables_specification/peening_requirement

Type p:string 

Source AWS B2.1, section 2.13.9 (6). 

Description Statement of type of hammered working of the completed weld metal needed, if any. 

2.18.10 element variables_specification/weld_bead_type

Type enumeration of p:string 

Values enumeration stringer bead 

enumeration weave bead 

Source AWS A3.0 - Figure 22, AWS B2.1, section 2.13.9 

Description A bead produced by straight line motion or oscillation of the torch. 

2.18.11 element variables_specification/travel_speed

Diagram 

Children units speed

Source AWS B2.1, section 2.13.9 

Description Speed of the torch during welding. 

2.18.11.1 element variables_specification/travel_speed/units

Type enumeration of p:string 

Values enumeration inches per minute 

enumeration millimeters per minute 

Description Choice of U.S. Customary or SI units.

2.18.11.2 element variables_specification/travel_speed/speed

Type p:decimal 

Description Linear velocity of the torch in relation to the workpiece. 

2.18.12 element variables_specification/travel_angle

Type p:decimal 

Source AWS A9.1, section 5.2.5.9 

Description AWS A3.0 definition: "The angle between the electrode axis and a line perpendicular to the weld 

axis". 
47

2.18.13 element variables_specification/work_angle

Diagram 

Children push_or_drag angle

Source AWS A9.1, section 5.2.5.9. 

Description AWS A3.0 definition: "The angle between a line perpendicular to the major workpiece surface and a 

plane determined by the electrode axis and the weld axis" 

2.18.13.1 element variables_specification/work_angle/push_or_drag 

Type enumeration of p:string 

Values enumeration push 

enumeration drag 

2.18.13.2 element variables_specification/work_angle/angle

Type p:decimal 

2.18.14 element variables_specification/wire_feed_speed 

Diagram 

Children units speed

Source Welding Handbook, V2, p. 116 "GMAW Process Variables". 

Description ANSI/AWS A3.0 definition: "The rate at which wire is consumed.." 

2.18.14.1 element variables_specification/wire_feed_speed/units

Type enumeration of p:string 

Values enumeration millimeters per second 

enumeration inches per minute 

2.18.14.2 element variables_specification/wire_feed_speed/speed

Type p:decimal 
48

2.18.15 element variables_specification/progression

Type enumeration of p:string 

Values enumeration upward 

enumeration downward 

Source AWS B2.1, section 2.13.4 (2) 

Description The movement of the torch, or the orientation of the weld joint, in relation to the direction of gravity. 

2.19 element welding_position 

Diagram 

Children position position_designation progression_for_vertical

Source AWS B2.1, section 2.13.4, and AWS A3.0 Figures 16-20. 

Description AWS A3.0 definition: "The relationship between the weld pool, joint, joint members, and welding 

heat Source during welding." 

2.19.1 element welding_position/position

Type enumeration of p:string 

Values enumeration flat 

enumeration horizontal 

enumeration vertical 

enumeration overhead 

enumeration all_positions(for PQRs) 

Description Name of the position. 

2.19.2 element welding_position/position_designation

Type enumeration of p:string 

Values enumeration 1F 

enumeration 1G 

enumeration 2F 

enumeration 2G 

enumeration 4F 

enumeration 4G 

enumeration 5F 

enumeration 5G 

Source AWS A3.0, Figures 16-20. 

Description The two-character abbreviation for the position. 
49

2.19.3 element welding_position/progression_for_vertical

Type enumeration of p:string 

Values enumeration uphill 

enumeration downhill 

Source AWS B2.1, section 2.13.4 (2). 

Description Direction of torch travel on a weld that is inclined away from the horizontal position. 

2.20 element welding_procedure_specification 

Diagram 

Children wps_number joint_design base_metal filler_metal heat_treatment

shielding_gas_for_procedure electrical_specification variables_specification

Source AWS B2.1, section 2.13. 

Description AWS A3.0 definition: "A document providing the required welding variables for a specific 

application..." 

2.20.1 element welding_procedure_specification/wps_number

Type p:string 

Source Use of WPS number appears in many suggested report forms, including AASHTO/AWS 

D1.5M:D1.5/2002, Form III-2, and AWS B4.0, Figure E14. 

Description A unique alphanumeric identifier for a specific WPS. 
50

2.21 type welding_process_type 

Diagram 

Children arc_welding_process brazing_process other_welding_process

oxyfuel_gas_welding_process allied_process resistance_welding_process

soldering_process solid_state_welding_process

Used By element variables_specification/welding_process

Source AWS 3.0, Figure 54A - Master Chart of Welding and Allied Processes. 

Description Broad classification of the welding process. 

2.21.1 element welding_process_type/arc_welding_process

Type arc_welding_processes

Values enumeration atomicHydrogenWelding(AHW) 

enumeration bareMetalArcWelding(BMAW) 

enumeration carbonArcWelding(CAW) 

enumeration carbonArcWeldingGas(CAW-G) 

enumeration carbonArcWeldingShielded(CAW-S) 

enumeration electrogasWelding(EGW) 

enumeration electroSlagWelding(ESW) 

enumeration gasMetalArcWelding(GMAW) 

enumeration gasTungstenArcWelding(GTAW) 

enumeration plasmaArcWelding(PAW) 

enumeration shieldedMetalArcWelding(SMAW) 

enumeration studArcWelding(SW) 

enumeration submergedArcWelding(SAW) 

enumeration submergedArcWeldingSeries(SAW-S) 
51

Description See AWS 3.0, Figure 54A - Master Chart of Welding and Allied Processes 

2.21.2 element welding_process_type/brazing_process 

Type brazing_processes

Values enumeration block_brazing(BB) 

enumeration diffusion_brazing(CAB) 

enumeration dip_brazing(DB) 

enumeration exothermic_brazing(EXB) 

enumeration flow_brazing(FLOW) 

enumeration furnace_brazing(FB) 

enumeration induction_brazing(IB) 

enumeration infrared_brazing(IRB) 

enumeration resistance_brazing(RB) 

enumeration torch_brazing(TB) 

enumeration twin_carbon_arc_brazing(TCAB) 

Description See AWS 3.0-94 p. 100, 101 

2.21.3 element welding_process_type/other_welding_process

Type other_welding_processes

Values enumeration electron_beam_welding(EBW) 

enumeration electroslag_welding(ESW) 

enumeration flow_welding(FLOW) 

enumeration induction_welding(IW) 

enumeration laser_beam_welding(LBW) 

enumeration percussion_welding(PEW) 

enumeration thermite_welding(TW) 

Description See AWS 3.0, Figure 54A - Master Chart of Welding and Allied Processes 

2.21.4 element welding_process_type/oxyfuel_gas_welding_process

Type oxyfuel_gas_welding_processes

Values enumeration air_acetylene_welding(AAW) 

enumeration oxyacetylene_welding(OAW) 

enumeration oxyhydrogen_welding(OHW) 

enumeration pressure_gas_welding(PGW) 

Description See AWS 3.0, Figure 54A – Master Chart of Welding and Allied Processes 

2.21.5 element welding_process_type/allied_process

Type allied_processes

Values enumeration oxygen_cutting(OC) 

enumeration arc_cutting(AC) 

enumeration other_cutting 

Description See AWS 3.0, Figure 54A - Master Chart of Welding and Allied Processes 
52

2.21.6 element welding_process_type/resistance_welding_process

Type resistance_welding_processes

Values enumeration flash_welding(FW) 

enumeration projection_welding(PW) 

enumeration resistance_spot_welding(RSW) 

enumeration resistance_weam_welding(RSEW) 

enumeration upset_welding(UW) 

Description See AWS 3.0, Figure 54A - Master Chart of Welding and Allied Processes 

2.21.7 element welding_process_type/soldering_process

Type soldering_processes

Description See AWS 3.0, Figure 54A - Master Chart of Welding and Allied Processes 

2.21.8 element welding_process_type/solid_state_welding_process

Type solid_state_welding_processes

Values enumeration coextrusion_welding(CEW) 

enumeration cold_welding(CW) 

enumeration diffusion_welding(DFW) 

enumeration explosion_welding(EXW) 

enumeration forge_welding(FOW) 

enumeration friction_welding(FRW) 

enumeration hot_pressure_welding(HPW) 

enumeration ultrasonic_welding(USW) 

Description See AWS 3.0, Figure 54A - Master Chart of Welding and Allied Processes 

3. Testing and Inspection Data 

Terms typically used in inspection applications that already appear in the previous sections will not be 

duplicated in this section. The scope is data that is essential to reporting results of tests. In addition, 

some fields were added that are found on test results forms that are essential for record keeping and 

for tracing the source of results. Example data are testing machine type, model and serial number, 

technician running the test, and date of test. 

The scope of this data dictionary addresses mechanical testing, but not non-destructive (e.g., Welding 

Handbook, Vol. 1, p. 213), metallurgical or compositional testing. These areas need to be documented 

for complete coverage of weld testing procedures and their results. 

3.1 element bend_test_bend_radius 

Diagram 
53

Children units radius

Source AWS B4.0, section A1-9(6) 

Description Radius of the plunger or mandrel used in a bend test. 

3.1.1 element bend_test_bend_radius/units

Type enumeration of p:string 

Values enumeration millimeters 

enumeration inches 

Description Choice of U.S. Customary or SI units. 

3.1.2 element bend_test_bend_radius/radius

Type linear_dimension_type_mm 

Description The numerical value. 

3.2 type bend_test_types 

Type enumeration of p:string 

Values enumeration transverse_side_bend 

enumeration transverse_face_bend 

enumeration transverse_root_bend 

enumeration longitudinal_face_bend 

enumeration longitudinal_root_bend 

enumeration fillet_weld_root_bend 

enumeration surfacing_weld_face_bend 

enumeration surfacing_weld_side_bend 

Source AWS B4.0, section A1-7 

Description Classification of bend test specified. 

3.3 element fracture_crack_plane_orientation 

Type p:string 

Source AWS B4.0, section A3-9 

Description Location of the fracture in relation to the weld. 

3.4 element fracture_energy_absorbed 

Diagram 

Children units energy_absorbed

Source AWS B4.0, section A3-9.1(10). 
54

Description In a fracture toughness test, the energy consumed in breaking the specimen. 

3.4.1 element fracture_energy_absorbed/units

Diagram 

Type enumeration of p:string 

Values enumeration joules 

enumeration foot_pounds 

Description Choice of U.S. Customary or SI units. 

3.4.2 element fracture_energy_absorbed/energy_absorbed

Type p:decimal 

Description The value of the test result. 

3.5 element fracture_machine_notch_position 

Type p:string 

Source AWS B4.0, section A3-9 

Description Location of the machined notch. 

3.6 element fracture_specimen_location 

Type p:string 

Source AWS B4.0, section A3-9 

Description Area of the weldment the specimen was cut from. 

3.7 type fracture_toughness_test_methods 

Type enumeration of p:string 

Values enumeration charpy_v_notch_E_23 

enumeration dynamic_tear_E_604 

enumeration plane_strain_E_399 

enumeration drop_weight_nil_ductility_temp_E_208 

Source AWS B4.0, section A3.1 

Description Name of the specific ASTM test specified. 

3.8 type fracture_type_of_test_equipment 

Type p:string 

Source AWS B4.0, section A3-9 
55

Description Mechanical configuration of test machine used, to conform to a specified test method. 

3.9 element hardness_indentor 

Type p:string 

Source AWS B4.0, section C2-9(7) 

Description Specification for the indentor used in the test. This is one data element of a test report. 

3.10 element hardness_load 

Type p:decimal 

Source AWS B4.0, section C2-9(7) 

Description The force load used in the test, units must be specified. This is one data element of a test report. 

3.11 element hardness_location_of_impressions 

Type p:string 

Source AWS B4.0, section C2-9(8) 

Description Description of locations of multiple test impressions. 

3.12 element hardness_test_result 

Source AWS B4.0, section C219.(10). 

Description The numerical hardness value obtained by the test. 

3.13 element hardness_test_types 

Type enumeration of p:string 

Values enumeration brinell_E_10 

enumeration rockwell_E_18 

enumeration vickers_E_92 

enumeration Knoop 

enumeration vickers_E_384 

enumeration portable_hardness_E_110 

enumeration other_rockwell 

Source AWS B4.0, section C2-4 

Description The name of the test specified or required. 
56

3.14 element mechanical_test 

Diagram 

Children test_type specification_organization specification_number specification_version

Source AWS B4.0:2000, ANSI/AWS A9.2. 

Description A destructive test done to determine properties of a weld. 

3.14.1 element mechanical_test/test_type

Diagram 

Type mechanical_tests

Children test_name applicable_weld_type

Description Category of test required or performed. 

3.14.2 element mechanical_test/specification_organization 

Type p:string 

Source ANSI/AWS A9.2. sections 5.1.1.1, 5.2.1.1, 5.3.1.1 

3.14.3 element mechanical_test/specification_number

Type p:string 

Source ANSI/AWS A9.2. sections 5.1.1.2, 5.2.1.2, 5.3.1.2 

3.14.4 element mechanical_test/specification_version

Type p:string 
57

Source ANSI/AWS A9.2. sections 5.1.1.3, 5.2.1.3, 5.3.1.3 

Description The version of the test method used. 

3.15 type mechanical_tests 

Diagram 

Children test_name applicable_weld_type

Used By element mechanical_test/test_type

Source AWS B4.0:2000 

Description Name of test type and the weld type being evaluated. 

3.15.1 element mechanical_tests/test_name

Type enumeration of p:string 

Values enumeration bend 

enumeration face_bend 

enumeration root_bend 

enumeration side_bend 

enumeration tension 

enumeration fracture_toughness 

enumeration longitudinal_guided_bend 

enumeration soundness 

enumeration shear 

enumeration nick_break 

enumeration hardness 

enumeration stud_weld 

enumeration controlled thermal_severity 

enumeration cruciform 

enumeration implant 

enumeration lehigh_restraint 

enumeration varestraint 

enumeration oblique_y_groove 

Source AWS B4.0:2000 

3.15.2 element mechanical_tests/applicable_weld_type

Type enumeration of p:string 

Values enumeration groove_weld 

enumeration fillet_weld 

enumeration groove_and_fillet_welds 
58

enumeration stud_weld 

enumeration weldability_test 

Description AWS B4.0 classifies tests by weld Type, ie groove, fillet, stud, etc. 

3.16 element nick_break_apparatus 

Type enumeration of p:string 

Values enumeration fracture_by_hammer 

enumeration loading_in_tension 

enumeration three_point_bending 

Source AWS B4.0, section C1-6 

Description Type of test performed 

3.17 type shear_specimen_types 

Type enumeration of p:string 

Values enumeration longitudinal 

enumeration transverse 

Source AWS B4.0, section B3-7 

Description Orientation of the specimen to that of the sampled weld. 

3.18 element shear_test_shear_strength 

Diagram 

Children units shear_strength

Source AWS B4.0, section B3-9(5) 

Description The numerical results from a shear test. 

3.18.1 element shear_test_shear_strength/units

Type p:string 

Description SI or U.S. customary units. 

3.18.2 element shear_test_shear_strength/shear_strength

Type p:decimal 

Description Numerical results of the test. 
59

3.19 element shear_test_unit_shear_load 

Diagram 

Children units load

Source AWS B4.0, section B3-9(4) 

Description Numerical results of the test. 

3.19.1 element shear_test_unit_shear_load/units

Type p:string 

Description Choice of U.S. Customary or SI system. 

3.19.2 element shear_test_unit_shear_load/load

Type p:decimal 

Description Numerical value of the test result. 

3.20 type soundness_test_types 

Type enumeration of p:string 

Values enumeration fillet_weld_break_proc_qual 

enumeration fillet_weld_break_primer_coated_p_q 

enumeration fillet_weld_break_galv_proc_qual 

enumeration fillet_weld_break_welder_qual 

enumeration fillet_weld_break_tack_welder_qual 

Source AWS B4.0, section B2-7 

Description Criterion for using the results of the test. 

3.21 type tension_specimen_types 

Type enumeration of p:string 

Values enumeration round_all_weld_metal_type 

enumeration round_transverse_type 

enumeration rectangular_transverse_type 

enumeration rectangular_longitudinal_type 

enumeration tubular_type 

Source AWS B4.0, section A2-7. 

Description Description of shape of the specimen and where in the weld it was taken. 
60

3.22 element tension_test_data 

Diagram 

Children strength_units linear_units ultimate_tensile_strength yield_strength percent_elongation

percent_reduction_of_area stress_strain_Diagram_number location_of_fracture

mode_of_fracture maximum_load original_cross_sectional_area original_gage_length

final_gage_length type_of_failure

Source AWS B4.0, section A2-4 

Description The physical quantities measured by testing a groove weld using ASTM procedures for tension 

testing. 
61

3.22.1 element tension_test_data/strength_units 

Type Enumeration of p:string 

Description Choice of SI or U.S. Customary units. 

3.22.2 element tension_test_data/linear_units

Type enumeration of p:string 

Values enumeration millimeters 

enumeration inches 

Description Choice of SI or U.S. Customary units. 

3.22.3 element tension_test_data/ultimate_tensile_strength

Type p:decimal 

Description Highest engineering stress in the material before rupture. 

3.22.4 element tension_test_data/yield_strength

Type p:decimal 

Description Maximum stress that can be induced before the material goes plastic. 

3.22.5 element tension_test_data/percent_elongation 

Type p:decimal 

Description A measure of ductility, the change in gage length divided by the original length times 100. 

3.22.6 element tension_test_data/percent_reduction_of_area

Type p:decimal 

Description Difference between the original cross sectional area and the smallest specimen cross section after 

testing. 

3.22.7 element tension_test_data/stress_strain_Diagram_number

Type p:string 

Description Drawing number of the plot of stress versus strain test results. 

3.22.8 element tension_test_data/location_of_fracture

Type enumeration of p:string 

Values enumeration unaffected base metal 

enumeration weld metal 

enumeration heat affected zone 
62

Description Type of material in the specimen where the fracture occurred. 

3.22.9 element tension_test_data/mode_of_fracture

Type p:string 

Description Mechanics of material deformation that caused the fracture. 

3.22.10 element tension_test_data/maximum_load

Type p:decimal 

Description Maximum force exerted on the specimen during the test. 

3.22.11 element tension_test_data/original_cross_sectional_area

Type p:decimal 

Description Area of the specimen before testing. 

3.22.12 element tension_test_data/original_gage_length

Type p:decimal 

Description Length of the specimen before testing. 

3.22.13 element tension_test_data/final_gage_length 

Type p:decimal 

Description Specimen length after testing, measured to determine elongation. 

3.22.14 element tension_test_data/type_of_failure

Type enumeration of p:string 

Values enumeration ductile 

enumeration brittle 

Source AWS B4.0, section A2-9 

Description Broad category of failure. 

3.23 element test_fracture_appearance 

Type p:string 

Source AWS B4.0, section A3-9 

Description Visible evidence of the fracture. 

3.24 element test_fracture_location 

Type p:string 
63

Source AWS B4.0, section A3-9. 

Description Area of failure relative to the weld. 

3.25 element test_LGBTFW_angle_of_fracture 

Type p:string 

Source AWS B4.0, section B1-9(6) 

Description Longtitudinal guided-bend test for fillet welds, angle of fracture. 

3.26 element test_LGBTFW_discontinuity 

Diagram 

Children type_of_discontinuity size_of_discontinuity location_of_discontinuity

Source AWS B4.0, section B1-9(5). 

Description Description of discontinuity caused by longitudinal guided-bend test for fillet welds. 

3.26.1 element test_LGBTFW_discontinuity/type_of_discontinuity

Diagram 

Type p:string 

Description Type of the failure. 

3.26.2 element test_LGBTFW_discontinuity/size_of_discontinuity

Type p:decimal 

Description Editor’s note: Is this a quantitative measure or observation of relative size? Need units specified if 

it is a measurement. 

3.26.3 element test_LGBTFW_discontinuity/location_of_discontinuity

Type p:string 
64

Description Location in relation to the weld. 

3.27 element test_machine_serial_number 

Type p:string 

Description Serial number to identify the machine that produced the test results. 

3.28 element test_number_of_specimens 

Type p:integer 

Source AWS B4.0 

Description The number of specimens of a single weld required for a test. 

3.29 element test_percent_elongation 

Type p:decimal 

Source AWS B4.0, section A1, 1.4 

Description In a tension test, the ratio of the change in length to the initial length. 

3.30 element test_postweld_mechanical_treatment 

Type p:string 

Description Any physical working of the weld specimen before testing. 

3.31 element test_postweld_thermal_treatment 

Type p:string 

Source AWS B4.0, section A1-1.3 

Description Times and temperatures of heat treatment after welding. It is possible this element should be 

further decomposed if it's information can be structured. 

3.32 element test_specimen_dimensions 

Diagram 

Children units thickness width

Source AWS B4.0 

Description Dimensions of the specimen before testing. Editor’s note: For specific Types of tests only? 
65

3.32.1 element test_specimen_dimensions/units

Diagram 

Type enumeration of p:string 

Values enumeration millimeters 

enumeration inches 

Description Choice of U.S. Customary or SI units. 

3.32.2 element test_specimen_dimensions/thickness

Type p:decimal 

Description Thickness of the specimen before testing. 

3.32.3 element test_specimen_dimensions/width

Type p:decimal 

Description Width of the specimen before testing. 

3.33 element test_specimen_location 

Type p:string 

Source AWS B4.0, section A1, 1.3, 1.4 

Description Where in the weldment/joint/weld the specimen was cut. 

3.34 element test_specimen_orientation 

Type enumeration of p:string 

Values enumeration longitudinal 

enumeration transverse 

Source AWS B4.0M, p. 1 

Description The relationship of the axis of the test specimen to the axis of the weld. 

3.35 element test_technician_name 

Type p:string 

Source Taken from an example of an industry test report. 

Description Name of the person who conducted a test. 
66

3.36 type test_temperature 

Diagram 

Children units temperature

Source AWS B4.0 

Description Temperature of a specimen at the time of test. 

3.36.1 element test_temperature/units

Type enumeration of p:string 

Values enumeration degrees_celsius 

enumeration degrees_fahrenheit 

Description Choice of SI or U.S. Customary units celsius or fahrenheit. 

3.36.2 element test_temperature/temperature

Type p:decimal 

Acknowledgments 

The technical information came primarily from American Welding Society documents that were 

generated by hundreds of experts in diverse fields. This document is an extension of two 1992 AWS 

documents, “A9.1” and “A9.2” that were written by the AWS A9 committee then chaired by Jerry E. 

Jones. Tom Siewert has for some time encouraged the pursuit of a standard data specification for 

welding data. Tim Quinn had extensive technical input to this document. Christopher Pepper helped 

edit the document. 

Appendices 

Appendix 1 – Items to Add in Next Edition of Data Dictionary 

Design 

 three dimensional geometric location of weld (including weld begin, end points, contour), 

weld length. 

 information to describe the required accuracy of cutting of base materials (e.g., cutting, flame 

cutting, laser cutting), and accuracy of edge preparation, e.g., whether machining is required, 

or if flame cutting is adequate. 

 tubular joints, e.g., Welding Handbook, Vol. 1, p. 174. 
67

Process 

 items needed to describe PQR or WPS ranges, minimum and maximum values, required 

processes (e.g., “preheat required”), prohibited status (e.g., “consumable inserts are not 

permitted”, or optional conditions. 

 non-arc welding process details. 

Inspection 

 crack types from AWS 3.0 Figure 33, p. 83, and weld discontinuities - Figure 32. These 

would be used in a visual inspection report. 

 welding test positions from AWS 3.0 – Figures 18 and 19.

 non-destructive examination (NDE) parameters and results. 

 AWS D14.6, Specification for Welding of Rotating Elements of Equipment, is a rich source of 

welding terms and variables that should eventually be covered.

Note – AWS D14.6 

Appendix 2 - Tasks for data modelers 

This data dictionary is not sufficiently rich to specify a data base design or a data format. Some of the 

tasks needed for detailed design are listed below. 

 Strengthen relationships of data elements, i.e. grouping elements into reusable chunks and 

choosing exact encodings of data types and their values (e.g., values for enumerated data). 

This will be the job of data modelers. They will test the data model for completeness by using 

scenarios of data flow from industrial welding facilities. 

 Harmonize the AWS data model with any that may be developed in specific industries. The 

“CIMSteel Integration Standard”, described at http://www.cis2.org, and 

http://www.coa.gatech.edu/~aisc/ is an example. 

 Specify optional and required data that is dependent on other data – e.g., if base metal is a 

tube, then “diameter” is required information. For example, if the process is automatic 

GMAW, gas composition is required data and an electrode size is incorrect data. For 

example, if “backing_used” is true, then there must be data in “backing_type” – if 

“backing_used” is false, there cannot be data in the “backing_type” field. 

 Allow users to deal easily and unambiguously with U.S. Customary and/or SI units, and also 

within each of these, a choice of multiple unit scales, e.g., for linear speed, inches/second or 

feet/minute. 

 Decide whether to specify enumerations or to allow free use of text fields. E.g., joint types 

could be a string field, or an single choice among enumerated values in the specification. 

 Specify data types to handle e.g., min/max values of variables in SWPSs and PQRs. Also 

specify actual ranges that are legal or allowed if appropriate. 

 Modularize definitions for maximum reuse in different report forms, and also to reduce the 

number of elements to aid understandability. For example, many fields from WPSs are used 

in mechanical test results forms in reporting the processes and weld design that produced the 

weld. 

 Pick encoding options to allow extensibility of data, to allow for conditions not anticipated by 

the modelers, or to use data unique to a company or a proprietary process. However users are 
68

encouraged to fit their applications within the guidelines of the data models as much as 

possible, minimizing their use of “other” data types. 

 Fine tune definitions and rules for specific standard reports, e.g., mechanical testing results. 

 Eliminate duplicate items, in the interest of computational efficiency and understandability. 

If an effort goes forward to develop formal data schema, the modelers will cooperate with members of 

the various AWS committees that authored standards documents to ensure correct interpretation of the 

data, use of familiar terms, and design of comprehensive and unambiguous enumerations where 

appropriate. 

 Add data elements that welding experts deem required, that are not specified in the AWS 

documents. E.g., some companies record the serial number of the testing machine used, and 

the name of the testing technician. 

 Pick default values from the enumerated choices (a very detailed decision). 

Appendix 3 – The BIG PICTURE of welding data exchange 

Levels of Welding Data Definitions

Basic Welding 

Definitions 

Schema

Inspection

- AWS definitions

- ASTM definitions

- forms Welding Procedures

- WPS

- PQR

Welder Qualification

Products - eBusiness

Bridges

Aluminum Tubing

Structural

Automation

Modularization of welding specifications (instead of pursuing all these areas in a single effort) will 

speed progress in each smaller area, and allow experts to contribute their knowledge in narrower areas 

more efficiently. 
69

BIG PICTURE

Some Related Industries

Heavy Equipment

Structures Shipbuilding

Automotive

Many manufacturing industries share welding as a fabrication process. The data dictionary 

helps define welding variables centrally so the industries can “borrow” them, instead of each 

industry developing their own definitions. The goal is to avoid development of different 

“dialects” of data formats that the welding industry would have to accommodate. 

Appendix 4 – Terminology differences between ISO and AWS 

1. ISO does not use the word “flange” in describing joints. It uses “edges turned up”. 

2. ISO does not describe “groove welds”. It uses “butt weld” hyphenated with the name of the groove 

type.