NBS SPECIAL PUBLICATION 260-57

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE / National Bureau of Standards

Standard Referenc

GUIDE TO UNITED STATES

REFERENCE MATERIALS

iah:
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

The National Bureau of Standards 1 was established by an act of Congress March 3, 1901. The Bureau's overall goal is to strengthen and advance the Nation's science and technology and facilitate their effective application for public benefit. To this end, the Bureau conducts research and provides: (1) a basis for the Nation's physical measurement system, (2) scientific and

technological services for industry and government, (3) a technical basis for equity in trade, and (4) technical services to pro- mote public safety. The Bureau consists of the Institute for Basic Standards, the Institute for Materials Research, the Institute for Applied Technology, the Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology, the Office for Information Programs, and the Office of Experimental Technology Incentives Program.

THE INSTITUTE FOR BASIC STANDARDS provides the central basis within the United States of a complete and consist- ent system of physical measurement; coordinates that system with measurement systems of other nations; and furnishes essential services leading to accurate and uniform physical measurements throughout the Nation's scientific community, industry,

and commerce. The Institute consists of the Office of Measurement Services, and the following center and divisions:

Applied Mathematics — Electricity — Mechanics — Heat — Optical Physics — Center for Radiation Research — Laboratory Astrophysics 2 — Cryogenics 2 — Electromagnetics 2 — Time and Frequency".

THE INSTITUTE FOR MATERIALS RESEARCH conducts materials research leading to improved methods of measurement, standards, and data on the properties of well-characterized materials needed by industry, commerce, educational insti- tutions, and Government; provides advisory and research services to other Government agencies; and develops, produces, and

distributes standard reference materials. The Institute consists of the Office of Standard Reference Materials, the Office of Air

and Water Measurement, and the following divisions:

Analytical Chemistry — Polymers — Metallurgy — Inorganic Materials — Reactor Radiation — Physical Chemistry,

THE INSTITUTE FOR APPLIED TECHNOLOGY provides technical services developing and promoting the use of avail able technology; cooperates with public and private organizations in developing technological standards, codes, and test methods; and provides technical advice services, and information to Government agencies and the public. The Institute consists of the following divisions and centers:

Standards Application and Analysis — Electronic Technology — Center for Consumer Product Technology: Product

Systems Analysis; Product Engineering — Center for Building Technology: Structures, Materials, and Safety; Building

Environment; Technical Evaluation and Application — Center for Fire Research: Fire Science; Fire Safety Engineering.

THE INSTITUTE FOR COMPUTER SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY conducts research and provides technical services designed to aid Government agencies in improving cost effectiveness in the conduct of their programs through the selection,

acquisition, and effective utilization of automatic data processing equipment; and serves as the principal focus wthin the executive branch for the development of Federal standards for automatic data processing equipment, techniques, and computer

languages. The Institute consist of the following divisions: Computer Services — Systems and Software — Computer Systems Engineering — Information Technology.

THE OFFICE OF EXPERIMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INCENTIVES PROGRAM seeks to affect public policy and process

to facilitate technological change in the private sector by examining and experimenting with Government policies and practices in order to identify and remove Government-related barriers and to correct inherent market imperfections that impede

the innovation process. THE OFFICE FOR INFORMATION PROGRAMS promotes optimum dissemination and accessibility of scientific information generated within NBS; promotes the development of the National Standard Reference Data System and a system of in- formation analysis centers dealing with the broader aspects of the National Measurement System; provides appropriate services

to ensure that the NBS staff has optimum accessibility to the scientific information of the world. The Office consists of the following organizational units:

Office of Standard Reference Data — Office of Information Activities — Office of Technical Publications — Library —

Office of International Standards — Office of International Relations.

1 Headquarters and Laboratories at Gaithersburg, Maryland, unless otherwise noted; mailing address Washington, D.C. 20234.

2 Located at Boulder, Colorado 80302.
::wwmm BUREAU

OF STANDARDS

LIBRARY

FEB 2 2 1978

Standard Reference Materials: /ua+

GUIDE TO UNITED STATES REFERENCE MATERIALS %l

* Special P^lolKLaVic^ A/o

^ ^ 7

J. Paul Cali c- >~

Office of Standard Reference Materials

Institute for Materials Research

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, D.C. 20234

and

Tomasz Plebanski

Polish Committee of Standardization

and Measures

Warsaw, Poland

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Juanita M. Kreps, Secretary

Dr. Sidney Harman, Under Secretary

Jordan J. Baruch, Assistant Secretary for Science and Technology ^ NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Ernest Ambler, Acting Director

Issued February 1978
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Cali, J. Paul. Guide to United States reference materials.

(Standard reference materials) (National Bureau of Standards

special publication ; 260-57)

Supt. of docs, no.: C13.10:260-57.

1. Materials—Standards—United States. 2. Physical measurements.

3. Chemical tests and reagents—Specifications—United States. I. Plebanski, Tomasz, joint author. I. Title. II. Series: United States. National Bureau of Standards. Standard reference materials. III.

Series: United States. National Bureau of Standards. Special publication ; 260-57. QC100.U57 no. 260-57 [TA404.5] 602Ms [602M] 77-28819

National Bureau of Standards Special Publication 260-57

Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Spec. Publ. 260-57, 55 pages (Feb. 1978)

CODEN: XNBSAV

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON: 1978

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402

(Order by SD Catalog No. C13. 10:260-57). Stock No. 0O3-003-O1883-O Price $2.20

(Add 25 percent additional for other than U.S. mailing).
PREFACE

Standard Reference Materials (SRM's) as defined by the

National Bureau of Standards are "well-characterized materials, produced in quantity, that calibrate a measurement

system to assure compatibility of measurement in the nation."

SRM's are widely used as primary standards in many diverse

fields in science, industry, and technology, both within the

United States and throughout the world. In many industries

traceability of their quality control process to the national

measurement system is carried out through the mechanism and

use of SRM's. For many of the nation's scientists and technologists it is therefore of more than passing interest to

know the details of the measurements made at NBS in arriving

at the certified values of the SRM's produced. An NBS series

of papers, of which this publication is a member, called the

NBS Special Publication - 260 Series is reserved for this

purpose

.

This 260 Series is dedicated to the dissemination of

information on all phases of the preparation, measurement,

and certification of NBS-SRM's. In general, much more detail will be found in these papers than is generally allowed,

or desirable, in scientific journal articles. This enables

the user to assess the validity and accuracy of the measurement processes employed, to judge the statistical analysis,

and to learn details of techniques and methods utilized for

work entailing the greatest care and accuracy. It is also

hoped that these papers will provide sufficient additional

information not found on the certificate so that new applications in diverse fields not foreseen at the time the SRM

was originally issued will be sought and found.

Inquiries concerning the technical content of this

paper should be directed to the author(s). Other questions

concerned with the availability, delivery, price, and so

forth will receive prompt attention from:

Office of Standard Reference Materials

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, D.C. 20234

J. Paul Cali, Chief

Office of Standard Reference Materials

in
OTHER NBS PUBLICATIONS IN THIS SERIES

Catalog of NBS Standard Reference Materials

(1975-76 edition), R. W. Seward, ed., NBS

Spec. Publ. 260 (June 1975). $1.50* SN003-003-

01445-1

Michaelis, R. E., and Wyman, L. L., Standard

Reference Materials: Preparation of White Cast

Iron Spectrochemical Standards, NBS Misc.

Publ. 260-1 (June 1964). COM74-1 1061**

Michaelis, R. E., Wyman, L. L., and Flitsch, R.,

Standard Reference Materials: Preparation of

NBS Copper-Base Spectrochemical Standards,

NBS Misc. Publ. 260-2 (October 1964). COM74-

11063**

Michaelis, R. E., Yakowitz, H., and Moore, G. A.,

Standard Reference Materials: Metallographic

Characterization of an NBS Spectrometric LowAlloy Steel Standard, NBS Misc. Publ. 260-3

(October 1964). COM74-1.1060**

Hague, J. L., Mears, T. W., and Michaelis, R. E.,

Standard Reference Materials: Sources of

Information, NBS Misc. Publ. 260-4 (February

1965). COM74-11059

Alvarez, R., and Flitsch, R., Standard Reference

Materials: Accuracy of Solution X-Ray Spectrometric Analysis of Copper-Base Alloys, NBS

Misc. Publ. 260-5 (March 1965). PB168068**

Shultz, J. I., Standard Reference Materials:

Methods for the Chemical Analysis of White

Cast Iron Standards, NBS Misc. Publ. 260-6

(July 1975). COM74-11068**

Bell, R. K., Standard Reference Materials:

Methods for the Chemical Analysis of NBS

Copper-Base Spectrochemical Standards, NBS

Misc. Publ. 260-7 (October 1965). COM74-

11067**

Richmond, M. S., Standard Reference Materials:

Analysis of Uranium Concentrates at the

National Bureau of Standards, NBS Misc. Publ.

260-8 (December 1965). COM74-1 1066**

Anspach, S. C, Cavallo, L. M., Garfinkel, S. B.,

Hutchinson, J. M. R., and Smith, C. N., Standard Reference Materials: Half Lives of Materials

Used in the Preparation of Standard Reference

Materials of Nineteen Radioactive Nuclides

Issued by the National Bureau of Standards,

NBS Misc. Publ. 260-9 (November 1965).

COM74-11065**

Yakowitz, H., Vieth, D. L., Heinrich, K. F. J., and

Michaelis, R. E., Standard Reference Materials:

Homogeneity Characterization on NBS Spectrometric Standards II: Cartridge Brass and LowAlloy Steel, NBS Misc. Publ. 260-10 (December

1965). COM74-11064**

Napolitano, A., and Hawkins, E. G., Standard

Reference Materials: Viscosity of Standard

Lead-Silica Glass, NBS Misc. Publ. 260-11

(November 1966). NBS Misc. Publ. 260-11**

Yakowitz, H., Vieth, D. L., and Michaelis, R. E., Standard Reference Materials: Homogeneity

Characterization of NBS Spectrometric Standards HI: White Cast Iron and Stainless Steel

Powder Compact, NBS Misc. Publ. 260-12

(September 1966). NBS Misc. Publ. 260-12**

Spijkerman, J. I., Snediker, D. K., Ruegg, F. C,

and DeVoe, J. R., Standard Reference Materials: Mossbauer Spectroscopy Standard for the

Chemical Shift of Iron Compounds, NBS Misc.

Publ. 260-13 (July 1967). NBS Misc. Publ.

260-13**

Menis, O., and Sterling, J. T., Standard Reference

Materials: Determination of Oxygen in Ferrous

Materials - SRM 1090, 1091, and 1092, NBS

Misc. Publ. 260-14 (September 1966). NBS Misc.

Publ. 260-14**

Passaglia, E., and Shouse, P. J., Standard Refer- ence Materials: Recommended Method of Use

of Standard Light-Sensitive Paper for Calibrating Carbon Arcs Used in Testing Textiles for Colorfastness to Light, NBS Misc. Publ. 260-15

(June 1967). (Replaced by NBS Spec. Publ.

260^1.)

Yakowitz, H., Michaelis, R. E., and Vieth, D. L., Standard Reference Materials: Homogeneity

Characterization of NBS Spectrometric Standards IV: Preparation and Microprobe Characterization of W-20% MO Alloy Fabricated by

Powder Metallurgical Methods, NBS Spec.

Publ. 260-16 (January 1969). COM74-11062**

Catanzaro, E. J., Champion, C. E., Garner, E. L., Marinenko, G., Sappenfield, K. M., and Shields,

W. R., Standard Reference Materials: Boric

Acid; Tsotopic and Assay Standard Reference

Materials, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-17 (February

1970). Out of Print

iv
Geller, S. B., Mantek, P. A., and Cleveland, N.

G., Standard Reference Materials: Calibration of NBS Secondary Standard Magnetic Tape

(Computer Amplitude Reference) Using the

Reference Tape Amplitude Measurement

"Process A," NBS Spec. Publ. 260-18 (November

1969). (See NBS Spec. Publ. 260-29.)

Paule, R. C, and Mandel, J., Standard Reference

Materials: Analysis of Interlaboratory Measurements on the Vapor Pressure of Gold (Certification of Standard Reference Material 745), NBS

Spec. Publ. 260-19 (January 1970). PB190071**

Paule, R. C, and Mandel, J., Standard Reference

Materials: Analysis of Interlaboratory Measurements on the Vapor Pressures of Cadmium and

Silver, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-21 (January 1971).

COM74-11359**

Yakowitz, H., Fiori, C. E., and Michaelis, R. E.,

Standard Reference Materials: Homogeneity

Characterization of Fe-3 Si Alloy, NBS Spec.

Publ. 260-22 (February 1971). COM74-1 1357**

Napolitano, A., and Hawkins, E. G., Standard

Reference Materials: Viscosity of a Standard

Borosilicate Glass, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-23

(December 1970). COM7 1-001 57**

Sappenfield, K. M., Marineko, G., and Hague, J.

L., Standard Reference Materials: Comparison

of Redox Standards, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-24

(January 1972). COM 72-50058**

Hicho, G. E., Yakowitz, H., Rasberry, S. D., and

i Michaelis, R. E., Standard Reference Materials:

A Standard Reference Material Containing

Nominally Four Percent Austenite, NBS Spec.

Publ. 260-25 (February 1971). COM 74-1 1356**

1 Martin, J. F., Standard Reference Materials:

National Bureau of Standards-US Steel Corportion Joint Program for Determining Oxygen and

Nitrogen in Steel, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-26

(February 1971). 85 cents* SN003-003-00786-2

Garner, E. L., Machlan, L. A., and Shields, W. R.,

Standard Reference Materials: Uranium

Isotopic Standard Reference Materials, NBS

Spec. Publ. 260-27 (April 1971). COM74-

11358**

Heinrich, K. F. J., Myklebust, R. L., Rasberry, S. D., and Michaelis, R. E., Standard Reference

Materials: Preparation and Evaluation of

SRM's 481 and 482 Gold-Silver and GoldCopper Alloys for Microanalysis, NBS Spec.

Publ. 260-28 (August 1971). COM71-50365**

Geller, S. B., Standard Reference Materials: Calibration of NBS Secondary Standard Magnetic

Tape (Computer Amplitude Reference) Using

the Reference Tape Amplitude Measurement

"Process A-Model 2," NBS Spec. Publ. 260-29

(June 1971). COM71-50282**

Gorozhanina, R. S., Freedman, A. Y., and

Shaievitch, A. B. (translated by M. C. Selby),

Standard Reference Materials: Standard

Samples Issued in the USSR (A Translation

from the Russian), NBS Spec. Publ. 260-30 (June

1971). COM71-50283**

Hust, J. G., and Sparks, L. L., Standard Reference

Materials: Thermal Conductivity of Electrolytic

Iron SRM 734 from 4 to 300 K, NBS Spec. Publ.

260-31 (November 1971). COM71-50563**

Mavrodineanu, R., and Lazar, J. W., Standard

Reference Materials: Standard Quartz Cuvettes,

for High Accuracy Spectrophotometry, NBS

Spec. Publ. 260-32 (December 1973). 55 cents*

SN003-O03-01213-1

Wagner, H. L., Standard Reference Materials:

Comparison of Original and Supplemental

SRM 705, Narrow Molecular Weight Distribution Polystyrene, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-33

(May 1972). COM72-50526**

Sparks, L. L., and Hust, J. G., Standard Reference

Materials: Thermoelectric Voltage, NBS Spec.

Publ. 260-34, (April 1972). COM72-50371**

Sparks, L. L., and Hust, J. G., Standard Reference Materials: Thermal Conductivity of

Austenitic Stainless Steel, SRM 735 from 5

to 280 K, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-35 (April 1972.)

35 cents* COM72-50368**

Cali, J. P., Mandel, J., Moore, L. J., and Young, D.

S., Standard Reference Materials: A Referee

Method for the Determination of Calcium in

Serum, NBS SRM 915, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-36

(May 1972). COM72-50527**

Shultz, J. I., Bell, R. K., Rains, T. C, and Menis,

O., Standard Reference Materials: Methods of

Analysis of NBS Clay Standards, NBS Spec.

Publ. 260-37 (June 1972). COM72-50692**

Richmond, J. C, and Hsia, J. J., Standard Refer- ence Materials: Preparation and Calibration of

Standards of Spectral Specular Reflectance,

NBS Spec. Publ. 260-38 (May 1972). COM72-

50528**

Clark, A. F., Denson, V. A., Hust, J. G., and

Powell, R. L., Standard Reference Materials:

The Eddy Current Decay Method for Resistivity

Characterization of High-Purity Metals, NBS

Spec. Publ. 260-39 (May 1972). COM72-50529**

McAdie, H. G., Gam, P. D., and Menis, O., Standard Reference Materials: Selection of Thermal

Analysis Temperature Standards Through a

v
Cooperative Study (SRM 758, 759, 760), NBS

Spec. Publ. 260-40 (August 1972.) COM-72

50776**

Wood, L. A., and Shouse, P. J., Standard

Reference Materials: Use of Standard LightSensitive Paper for Calibrating Carbon Arcs

Used in Testing Textiles for Colorfastness to

Light, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-41 (August 1972)

COM72-50775**

Wagner, H. L., and Verdier, P. H., eds., Standard

Reference Materials: The Characterization of

Linear Polyethylene, SRM 1475, NBS Spec.

Publ. 260-42 (September 1972). COM72-

50944**

Yakowitz, H., Ruff, A. W., and Michaelis, R. E.,

Standard Reference Materials: Preparation and

Homogeneity Characterization of an Austenitic

Iron-Chromium-Nickel Alloy, NBS Spec. Publ.

260-43 (November 1972). COM73-50760**

Schooley, J. F., Soulen, R. J., Jr., and Evans, G. A.,

Jr., Standard Reference Materials: Preparation

and Use of Superconductive Fixed Point

Devices, SRM 767, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-44

(December 1972). COM73-50037**

Greifer, B., Maienthal, E. J., Rains, T. C, and

Rasberry, S. D., Standard Reference Materials:

Powdered Lead-Based Paint, SRM 1579, NBS

Spec. Publ. 260-45 (March 1973). COM73-

50226**

Hust, J. G., and Giarratano, P. J., Standard Refer- ence Materials: Thermal Conductivity and

Electrical Resistivity Standard Reference Materials: Austenitic Stainless Steel, SRM's 735 and

798, from 4 to 1200 K, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-46

(March 1975). SNO03-0O3-0 1278-5

Hust, J. G., Standard Reference Materials: Electrical Resistivity of Electrolytic Iron, SRM 797,

and Austenitic Stainless Steel, SRM 798, from 5

to 280 K, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-47 (February

1974). COM74-50176**

Mangum, B. W., and Wise, J. A., Standard Refer- ence Materials: Description and Use of Precision

Thermometers for the Clinical Laboratory,

SRM 933 and SRM 934, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-48

(May 1974). 60 cents* SN003-003-0 1278-5

Carpenter, B. SI, and Reimer, G. M., Standard

Reference Materials: Calibrated Glass Standards for Fission Track Use, NBS Spec. Publ.

260-49 (November 1974). SN003-003-0 1344-7

Hust, J. G., and Giarratano, P. J., Standard Refer- ence Materials: Thermal Conductivity and Electrical Resistivity Standard Reference Materials:

Electrolytic Iron, SRM's 734 and 797 from 4 t« 1000 K, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-50 (June 1975)

1.00* SN003-003-0 1425-7

Mavrodineanu, R., and Baldwin, J. R., Standan

Reference Materials: Glass Filters As a Standan

Reference Material for Spectrophotometry

Selection; Preparation; Certification; Use-SRN

930, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-51 (November 1975)

$1.90* SN003-003-01481-8

Hust, J. G., and Giarratano, P. J., Standard Refer ence Materials: Thermal Conductivity and Elec

trical Resistivity Standard Reference Material

730 and 799, from 4 to 3000 K, NBS Spec. Pub)

260-52 (September 1975). $1.05* SNO03-O03

01464-8

Durst, R. A., Standard Reference Materials!

Standardization of pH Measurements, NB;

Spec. Publ. 260-53 (December 1975, Revised;

$1.05* SN003-003-01551-2

Burke, R. W., and Mavrodineanu, R., Standan

Reference Materials: Certification and Use c Acidic Potassium Dichromate Solutions as a; Ultraviolet Absorbance Standard, NBS Spec

Publ. 260-54 (August 1977). $3.00* SNOO3-O02

01828-7

Ditmars, D. A., Cezairliyan, A., Ishihara, S., an> Douglas, T. B., Standard Reference Materials

Enthalpy and Heat Capacity; Molybdenur

SRM 781, From 273 to 2800 K, NBS Spec. Pub

260-55 (September 1977). $2.20* SN003-003

01836-8

Powell, R. L., Sparks, L. L., and Hust, J. G

Standard Reference Materials: Standar

Thermocouple Material, Pt.-67:SRM1967, NB!

Spec. Publ. 260-56 (in press).

Cali, J. P. and Plebanski, T., Guide to Unite

States Reference Materials, NBS Spec. Pub

260-57 (in press). * Send order with remittance to: Superintender

of Documents, US Government Printin

Office, Washington, DC 20402. Remittanc

from foreign countries should include a additional one-fourth of the purchase price fc postage.

** May be ordered from: National Technic*

Information Services (NTIS), Springfield

Virginia 22151.

vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Preface iii

Guide to United States Reference Materials 1

I . Background 1

II. Purpose 2

III. Scope and Structure 2

IV. Disclaimer 5

V. Updating 5

Index of Reference Materials (Table A) 6

Category 1: Chemical Composition - Analytical

Reference Materials 6

Category 2: Chemical Composition - High Purity

Reference Materials 12

Category 3: Physical Property Reference Materials 15

Category 4: Engineering and Technical Property

Reference Materials 21

Category 5: Biochemical Reference Materials 26

Index of Suppliers (Table B) 29

References 45

vii
Standard Reference Materials:

GUIDE TO UNITED STATES REFERENCE MATERIALS

J. Paul Cali

Office of Standard Reference Materials

Institute for Materials Research

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, D.C. 20234

and

Tomasz Plebanski

Polish Committee of Standardization

and Measures

Warsaw, Poland

Summarized is a list of reference materials produced and distributed by

U.S. manufacturers, both public and private. Extensive tables are

indexed by use to which reference materials may be put. Properties

covered include: chemical composition (analytical chemical purposes),

chemical composition (high purity), physical properties, engineering

and technological properties, and biochemical properties. Names and

addresses of 93 U.S. producers and/or distributors are included.

Key words: Measurement; reference materials; standardization;

Standard Reference Materials.

viii
GUIDE TO UNITED STATES REFERENCE MATERIALS

I. Background

In 1976, the Council Committee on Reference Materials

(REMCO) of the International Organization for Standardization

proposed as the term "reference materials" the following

definition: "A material or substance one or more properties

of which are sufficiently well established to be used for

the calibration of an apparatus or for the verification of

a measurement method." "A certified reference material (CRM)

is further defined as: "A RM accompanied by, or traceable to,

a certificate stating the property value(s) concerned,

issued by an organization, public or private, which is

generally accepted as technically competent." A careful

reading of this definition will lead the reader to the

conclusion that a great many materials will rest comfortably

under its umbrella. Thus, for an analytical chemist any pure

chemical used to prepare what are usually called "standard

solutions" can be considered to be a reference material.

Simple devices, such as accurately calibrated optical filters,

also are covered by this definition. Where to draw the line

to exclude various chemicals or devices is somewhat arbitrary

and no hard and fast rules have been developed to date.

Weights used to calibrate or check balances are, e.g., no

t

considered reference materials, even though they obviously

fit the definition very well. For this reason then the

reference materials listed herein are somewhat arbitrary. In

fact, the inclusion or exclusion of a particular supplier's

reference materials is first and foremost simply a function

of whether or not he replied to our inquiry for information.

The current great interest in reference materials as an

important means for helping to assure measurement compatibility

in a wide variety of applications dates from 1969. In that

year the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) and the International Committee on Weights and Measures (CIPM) cosponsored

a meeting where the desirability of establishing a formal

program internationally was explored. Representatives from

15 countries and 4 international agencies agreed unanimously

that such a course of action would be desirable. The need for

a central distributing agency for exchange of information on

reference materials, preferably through an international

agency was stressed. The CIPM was asked to assume this (and

other) responsibilities. Subsequently however, the CIPM with

regret had to decline due to a lack of resources and a misfit

with regard to its scope. (1)

1
However, the matter was not dead for following the first

large scale SRM Symposium held at NBS in 1973 - see reference

(2), a meeting called by the International Organization for

Legal Metrology was held to reactivate the matter. As a

result of this meeting, attended by representatives of 12

countries and 7 international agencies, ISO subsequently

agreed to provide secretariat services for international

agencies interested in the exchange of information concerning

reference materials.

Thus, ISO established REMCO in 1974 to coordinate

reference material information exchange activities. Since

one of the authors (J. P. Cali) is the U . S . -Amer ican National

Standards Institute (ANSI) representative on REMCO, this repor

was prepared to provide information on reference material act!

ity and availability in the U.S. for dissemination in international channels, as well as information of value to U.S.

science, technology, and industry directly.

The other author (T. Plebanski) spent one year at NBS

under a UNESCO fellowship studying RM's. With this work in

place he helped gather, collate, and prepare for publication

information on U.S. available reference materials. To this

end, NBS contracted with him in 1974 to perform these

f unc t ions

.

II. Purpose of Guide

All measurement networks need to be compatible. By this

we mean that producer and consumer, or regulator and those

regulated, need to be able to measure the proper ty ( ies ) of

the same sample in such a way that, within agreed on limits

of uncertainty, all obtain identical numerical values of the

pr op er t y ( ies ) under measurement. Cali, among others, has

shown (see 3 or 4 e.g.) that when measurement systems are

based on accuracy that measurement compatibility must

logically ensue. However, to achieve accuracy in measurement,

especially when the property under consideration is that of

composition, five basic components of the measuring process

need to be available or present (see, e.g., 5). One of these

is reference materials and called at NBS for historical

reasons Standard Reference Materials (SRM) .

Thus, a knowledge of where to obtain reference materials

is important. This then is the basic rationale and principal

purpose for this guide.

III. Scope and Structure of Guide

Listed in the body of the report are over 17,000

reference materials. Of these approximately 7,200 fall into

2
the class "certified reference materials" (see Section IV,

below). These 17,000 reference materials are either the

direct product of or are distributed by the 93 U.S. companies

and/or organizations who responded to the NBS request for

information. The information supplied was primarily in the

form of catalogues, product lists, etc.

Of the 17,000 reference materials listed, about 2,000

are produced in foreign countries, principally Japan and

countries of Europe. There is, of course, considerable duplication among the reference materials. The duplication is

especially strong in these classes: high purity elements and

inorganic chemicals; spec trochemical mixtures, powders, and

alloys; and, standard solutions and mixtures for atomic

absorption calibration. We estimate there are listed

approximately 10,000 different reference materials produced

in the U.S.

No attempt has been made to make a quality assessment of

either the producers or of their reference materials.

Two classes of reference materials have been listed:

general reference materials (RM) and certified reference

materials (CRM). These have been defined above. In

attempting to decide whether a particular material was, in

fact, suitable for use as a reference material, the general

criteria listed by Cali in reference 6 were applied.

Some of these criteria are: purity, homogeneity, stability,

continuity of both supply and information, availability, and

extent of certification process. Other factors considered

were: (1) whether the producer states in his literature that

his product is suitable for reference purposes (as calibrating

material, e.g.); (2) whether the producer guarantees his

product in some meaningful way; (3) whether useful technical

information is supplied with his product (e.g., actual lot

analysis); (4) by comparison of the same product from different

sources; and/or, (5) by some evidence that traceability to

national or international standards has been established.

Thus, it is apparent that a considerable degree of subjective

judgment was used by the authors. The ultimate test, of

course, as to whether a particular material can serve usefully

as a reference material must lie with the user.

The properties embodied in the reference materials are

classified in five categories:

1. Chemical composition (Analytical RM) - mult icomponent

(usually) reference materials, often mixtures or

solutions, used in chemical analytical systems.

This class will include alloys, mixtures, natural

mater ials , etc

.

3
2. Chemical composition (High Purity RM) - single

component (usually) reference materials of high

purity used in chemical analytical systems.

However, they may also serve for the realization

or determination of other properties, e.g.,

physico-chemical, thermochemical , electrical,

etc. Others, e.g., platinum, cesium, kryton

serve as primary RM in defining international

scales. These latter RM are certified for total

purity of the main component and for trace

impurities present.

3. Physical properties - reference materials characterized for optical, heat, radiation, etc. properties.

4. Engineering and technological properties - reference

materials embodying properties as hardness, smoke

density, etc

5. Biochemical properties - reference materials of

botanical, biological, clinical, bionuclear substances

These categories are not necessarily mutually exclusive.

Often RM's will be characterized for more than one property

and thus will be found in the appropriate categories. E.g.,

some bionuclear RM's might be found in category ( ies ) 1, 3, and

'5 if characterized for chemical composition, radioactivity,

and biological activity.

Two tables are presented:

Table A : Index of Ref er enc e Mat er ial

. In this table

are incorporated both matrices and properties of interest

arranged in the five categories listed above. It would have

been impractical to list individually every RM by chemical

name or specific material. Therefore, we have tried to use

classes or groups to lead the user to a supplier who can

provide more specific information with regard to highly

specific chemicals, matrices, or properties. In other words,

the principal utility of this listing is to provide general

guidance to the user to assist in shortening his search time

and to make him aware of RM supplies he might otherwise have

missed. Only in the catalogs of the various suppliers will

be found the specific information usually required for the

ultimate end-use.

Table B : Index of Suppliers . In this table we give the

names and addresses of the suppliers who replied to our request

for information. The addresses shown are those given by the

supplier at the time his catalogues were delivered to NBS.

Each is given a supplier number, an internal NBS file number,

and the approximate number of RM's, either general or certified, produced or distributed.
IV. Disclaimer

In issuing this guide NBS makes no warranty, explicit or

implied, that any RM listed will perform or not as claimed

by the producer or distributor.^ Neither does NBS, through

the inclusion or exclusion of any RM producer or distributor,

impute either directly or indirectly the technical, scientific,

or economic value or worth of the RM's referenced. This guide

is issued by NBS for information only to provide RM users or

potential users to RM sources in the U.S. NBS, an agency of

the U.S. Government, assumes no liability for damages

resulting from the use or misuse of any of the information

given in the guide or from use or misuse of the RM's

referenced

.

V. Updating of Guide

It is our intention to update the guide from time to

time as interest and demand warrant. RM producers, suppliers,

and distributors may send catalogues and pertinent information,

together with suggestions to improve the usefulness of the

guide to:

J. Paul Cali

Chief, Office of Standard

Reference Materials

Institute for Materials Research

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, D.C. 20234.

Excepting RM's and CRM's directly produced by NBS itself

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REFERENCES

Astin, A. V., Report on the Symposium on an International

Standard Reference Materials Program, Metrologia , 6^,

33 (1970).

Seward, R. W. (ed.)» Standard Reference Materials and

Meaningful Measurements, NBS Spec. Pub I. 408 (1975).

Cali, J. P. and Stanley, C. L., Measurement Compatibility

and Standard Reference Materials, Ann. Rev. Mat'l. Soi.,

5, 329 (1975).

Cali, J. P., The NBS Standard Reference Materials

Program: An Update, Anal. Chem. , 4_8, 802A (1976).

Cali, J. P., et al., The Role of Standard Reference

Materials in Measurement Systems, NBS Monograph 148

(1975)

.

Cali, J. P., International Criteria for Reference

Materials, from Qua lity Contro I in Cliniaal Chemistry , Walter de Gruyter, New York (1975).

45
NOTES

46
NBS-1 14A (REV. 1 1-77)

U.S. DEPT. OF COMM.

BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA

SHEET

1. PUBLICATION OR REPORT NO.

NBS SP 260-57

2. Gov't Accession

No.

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Standard Reference Materials:

GUIDE TO UNITED STATES REFERENCE MATERIALS

7. AUTHOR(S)

J. Paul Cali and Tomasz Plebanski

3. Recipient's Accession No.

5. Publication Date

February 1978

6. Performing Organization Code

8. Performing Organ. Report No.

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20234

10. Project/Task/Work Unit No.

11. Contract/Grant No.

2. Sponsoring Organization Name and Complete Address (Street, City, State, ZIP)

Same as item 9.

13. Type of Report & Period

Covered

14. Sponsoring Agency Code

5. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 77- 28819

6. ABSTRACT (A 200-word or less factual summary of most significant information. If document includes a significant

bibliography or literature survey, mention it here.)

Summarized is a list of reference materials produced and distributed

by U.S. manufacturers, both public and private. Extensive tables are

indexed by use to which reference materials may be put. Properties

covered include: chemical composition (analytical chemical purposes),

chemical composition (high purity), physical properties, engineering

and technological properties, and biochemical properties. Names and

addresses of 93 U.S. producers and/or distributors are included.

7. KEY WORDS (six to twelve entries; alphabetical order; capitalize only the first letter of the first key word unless a proper name; separated by semicolons)

Measurement; reference materials; standardization; Standard Reference

Materials

.

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Washington. D.C. 20402. SD Stock No. SN003-003-

Office 20. SECURITY CLASS

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$2. 20

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(NTIS)

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and safety characteristics of building elements and systems.

Technical Notes—Studies or reports which are complete in themselves but restrictive in their treatment of a subject.

Analogous to monographs but not so comprehensive in scope or definitive in treatment of the subject area. Often

serve as a vehicle for final reports of work performed at NBS under the sponsorship of other government agencies.

Voluntary Product Standards—Developed under procedures

published by the Department of Commerce in Part 10, Title 15, of the Code of Federal Regulations. The purpose

of the standards is to establish nationally recognized requirements for products, and to provide all concerned interests with a basis for common understanding of the characteristics of the products. NBS administers this program as a supplement to the activities of the private sector standardizing

organizations.

Consumer Information Series—Practical information, based on NBS research and experience, covering areas of interest to the consumer. Easily understandable language and

illustrations provide useful background knowledge for shopping in today's technological marketplace.

Order above NBS publications from: Superintendent of

Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.

20402.

Order following NBS publications—NBSIR's and F1PS from

the National Technical Information Services, Springfield, Va. 22161.

Federal Information Processing Standards Publications

(FIPS PUB)—Publications in this series collectively consti- tute the Federal Information Processing Standards Register.

Register serves as the official source of information in the

Federal Government regarding standards issued by NBS

pursuant to the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 as amended, Public Law 89-306 (79 Stat. 1127), and as implemented by Executive Order 11717

(38 FR 12315, dated May 11, 1973) and Part 6 of Title 15

CFR (Code of Federal Regulations).

NBS Interagency Reports (NBSIR)—A special series of

interim or final reports on work performed by NBS for

outside sponsors (both government and non-government).

In general, initial distribution is handled by the sponsor;

public distribution is by the National Technical Information

Services (Springfield, Va. 22161) in paper copy or microfiche

form.

BIBLIOGRAPHIC SUBSCRIPTION SERVICES

[he following current-awareness and literature-survey bibli- igraphies are issued periodically by the Bureau:

Cryogenic Data Center Current Awareness Service. A litera- ture survey issued biweekly. Annual subscription: Domestic, $25.00; Foreign, $30.00.

iquified Natural Gas. A literature survey issued quarterly.

Annual subscription: $20.00.

Superconducting Devices and Materials. A literature survey

issued quarterly. Annual subscription: $30.00. Send subscription orders and remittances for the preceding bibliographic

services to National Bureau of Standards, Cryogenic Data

Center (275.02) Boulder, Colorado 80302.
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National Bureau of Standards

Washington, D.C. 20234

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