NBS SPECIAL PUBLICATION 396-1

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE / National Bureau of Standards
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

The National Bureau of Standards' was established by an act of Congress March 3, 1901. The Bureau's overall goal is to strengthen and advance the Nation's science and technology

and facilitate their effective application for public benefit. To this end, the Bureau conducts

research and provides: (1) a basis for the Nation's physical measurement system, (2) scientific and technological services for industry and government, (3) a technical basis for equity in trade, and (4) technical services to promote public safety. The Bureau consists of the Institute for Basic Standards, the Institute for Materials Research, the Institute for Applied Technology,

the Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology, and the Office for Information Programs.

THE INSTITUTE FOR BASIC STANDARDS provides the central basis within the United

States of a complete and consistent system of physical measurement; coordinates that system

with measurement systems of other nations; and furnishes essential services leading to accurate and uniform physical measurements throughout the Nation's scientific community, industry,

and commerce. The Institute consists of a Center for Radiation Research, an Office of Measurement Services and the following divisions: Applied Mathematics — Electricity — Mechanics — Heal — Optical Physics — Nuclear

Sciences ^ — Applied Radiation ^ — Quantum Electronics ^ — Electromagnetics ' — Time

and Frequency ^ — Laboratory Astrophysics " — Cryogenics

THE INSTITUTE FOR MATERIALS RESEARCH conducts materials research leading to improved methods of measurement, standards, and data on the properties of well-characterized

materials needed by industry, commerce, educational institutions, and Government; provides

advisory and research services to other Government agencies; and develops, produces, and

distributes standard reference materials. The Institute consists of the Office of Standard

Reference Materials and the following divisions: Analytical Chemistry — Polymers — Metallurgy — Inorganic Materials — Reactor

Radiation — Physical Chemistry.

THE INSTITUTE FOR APPLIED TECHNOLOGY provides technical services to promote

the use of available technology and to facilitate technological innovation in industry and

Government; cooperates with public and private organizations leading to the development of

technological standards (including mandatory safety standards), codes and methods of test; and provides technical advice and services to Government agencies upon request. The Institute consists of a Center for Building Technology and the following divisions and offices: Engineering and Product Standards — Weights and Measures — Invention and Innovation — Product Evaluation Technology — Electronic Technology — Technical Analysis — Measurement Engineering — Structures, Materials, and Life Safety * — Building

Environment * — Technical Evaluation and Application * — Fire Technology.

THE INSTITUTE FOR COMPUTER SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY conducts research and provides technical services designed to aid Government agencies in improving cost effec- tiveness in the conduct of their programs through the selection, acquisition, and effective

utilization of automatic data processing equipment; and serves as the principal focus within

the executive branch for the development of Federal standards for automatic data processing

equipment, techniques, and computer languages. The Institute consists of the following

divisions: Computer Services — Systems and Software — Computer Systems Engineering — Information Technology.

THE OFFICE FOR INFORMATION PROGRAMS promotes optimum dissemination and

accessibility of scientific information generated within NBS and other agencies of the Federal Government; promotes the development of the National Standard Reference Data System and

a system of information analysis centers dealing with the broader aspects of the National Measurement System; provides appropriate services to ensure that the NBS staff has optimum

accessibility to the scientific information of the world. The Office consists of the following

organizational units: Office of Standard Reference Data — Office of Information Activities — Office of Technical

Publications — Library — Office of International Relations.

' Headquarters and Laboratories at Gaithersburg, Washington, D C. 20234.

" Part of the Center for Radiation Research.

a Located at Boulder. Colorado 80302.

« Part of the Center for Building Technology.

Maryland, unless otherwise noted; mailing address
Critical Surveys of Data Sources:

Mechanical Properties of Metals

R. B. Gavert, R. L. Moore, and J. H. Westbrook

General Electric Company

Schenectady, New York 12345

This work was sponsored by the

Office of Standard Reference Data

National Bureau of Standards Washington, D.C. 20234

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Frederick B. Dent, Secretary

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Richard W. Roberts, Director

Issued September 1974
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Gavert, R. B.

Critical surveys of data sources.

(National Bureau of Standards Special Publication 396-1) Supt. of Docs. No.: C13.10:396-l

1. Metallurgical literature. I. Moore, Robert Lowell, 1910

joint author. IL Westbrook, Jack Hall, 1924— joint author, in. Title. IV. Series: United States. National Bureau of Standards. Special Publication 396-1. QC100.U57 No. 396-1 [TN610.5] 389'.08s [620.1'6'07] 74-8090

National Bureau of Standards Special Publication 396-1

Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Spec. Publ. 396-1, 90 pages (Sept. 1974)

CODEN: XNBSAV

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON: 1974

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402

(Order by SD Catalog No. C13.10:396-1). Price $1.25 Stock Number 0303-01274
Foreword

The National Standard Reference Data System was established in 1963 for the purpose of promoting the critical evaluation and dissemination of numerical data of the

physical sciences. The program is coordinated by the Office of Standard Reference Data

of the National Bureau of Standards but involves the efforts of many groups in universities,

government laboratories, and private industry. The primary aim of the program is to provide compilations of critically evaluated physical and chemical property data. These tables are published in the Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, in the NSRDS-NBS

series of the National Bureau of Standards, and through other appropriate channels.

The properties of commercial materials, and particularly their mechanical properties,

have thus far received very limited coverage in the NSRDS program. However, many other

groups select and compile data on the properties of such materials for various purposes

using different criteria of selection. Thus, identifying the best data source for a given

purpose requires something much more detailed than ordinary bibliographic guides.

This series is designed to provide such guides to data covering selected areas of- materials and properties. This first survey covers mechanical properties of metals. Other

properties of metals and various properties of other materials will be covered by succeeding surveys. In each case, we will seek guidance from specialists with emphasis on those

involved in the production and use of important commercial materials. This assistance

for the first survey was provided by a special task force organized by the Metal Properties

Council listed below. The assistance of these individuals and the encouragement and support of the Technical Advisory Committee of the Metal Properties Council are gratefully

acknowledged.

David R. Lide, Jr., Chief

Office of Standard Reference Data

Task force of the Metals Properties Council which reviewed the coverage and contents

of this Survey:

M. Semchyshen, Climax Molybdenum Company, Chairman

S. P. Barton, Westinghouse Electric Corporation

Marcus N. Bressler, Tennessee Valley Authority

Gerald S. Hartman, Bethlehem Steel Corporation

William J. McGuire, Gulf Research and Development Company

William Trumpler, Westinghouse Electric Corporation

Clarence Tyler, Olin Corporation (present address Wylie Laboratories)

iii
Abstract

This study was undertaken with the objective of providing a detailed critical survey

of the existent sources of mechanical property data for commercially available metals and

alloys. This survey was intended to assess the scope, assets, and deficiencies of about forty

of the most prominent sources of such information. There were included: handbooks and

technical compilations, information centers, foreign information sources, technical societies,

and trade associations. The initial listing of sources to be examined was prepared by the

authors with the advice and assistance of a subcommittee of the Metals Properties Council.

The aim was to restrict the survey to sources which actually had compilations of mechanical

property data in some form. Thus sources which offered only generalized guides to the

literature, monographs, textbooks, or periodicals publishing original research or engineering articles were not to be included. Those sources from the original listing which were

found upon detailed examination to fall into the latter categories are therefore treated in a separate appendix.

Key words: Commercial alloys; data sources; mechanical properties; metals.

iv
Contents

Page

Foreword iii Introduction vii Source Descriptions 1

Source HANDBOOKS AND TECHNICAL COMPILATIONS

No.

1. Aerospace Structural Metals Handbook

(The Mechanical Properties Data Center) 2

2. Alloy Digest

(Engineering Alloys Digest, Inc.) 4

3. Aluminum Standards and Data

(The Aluminum Association) 6

4. Engineering Alloys

5th Edition (Woldman). (Van Nostrand Reinhold Company) 8

5. Materials Selector (Reinhold Publishing Co., Inc.) 9

6. Damage Tolerant Design Handbook

MCIC-HB-01, 1st Edition (Air Force Materials Laboratory) 11

7. Mechanical Properties of British Standard En Steels

Vol. 1, 2, and 3 (Macmillan Co.) 13

8. Metallic Materials—Specification Handbook

2nd Edition (E. and F. N. Spon, Ltd., London) 14

9. Metals Handbook

8th Edition (ASM) 16

10. Metals Reference Handbook

4th Edition (Smithells). (Butterworths, London) 18

11. Military Handbook 58—Metallic Materials and Elements for Flight Vehicle Structures (DoD and Federal Aviation Agency) 19

12. Reactor Handbook, Volume 1, Materials

2nd Edition, 1960. (Interscience Publishers, Inc., New York) 21

13. SAE Handbook, 1973 Edition 22

14. Single Crystal Elastic Constants and Calculated Aggregate Properties: A Handbook

2nd Edition (M.I.T. Press) 24

15. Structural Alloys Handbook

1st Edition (Mechanical Properties Data Center) 25

16. Welding Handbook, Section Four, Metals and Their Weldability

6th Edition (American Welding Society) 27

17. Wrought Copper and Copper Alloy Mill Products Cast Copper and Copper Alloy Products

(Standard Handbooks, CDA) 29

18. Monotonic and Cyclic Properties of Engineering Materials

Handbook and Supplemental Literature (INCO) 31

19. Huntington Alloys

(Ford Motor Company) 32

20. Materials Data Handbooks

(Western Applied Research and Development, Inc.) 34

21. Metal Progress Data Book

1973 Edition (ASM) 35 INFORMATION CENTERS

22. NASA Network of University-Based Regional Dissemination Centers (RDC's)

(NASA) 38

23. Cryogenics Data Center

(National Bureau of Standards, Boulder, Colorado) 40

24. Copper Data Center

(Battelle Memorial Institute) 41

25. Mechanical Properties Data Center

Traverse City, Michigan (Belfour-Stulen Inc.) 42

V
Sourc3 FOREIGN INFORMATION SOURCES

No.

Page

26. National Research Institute for Metals (Japan) 44

27. Data Items Engineering Sciences Data Unit (London, England) 46

28. German Institute for Documentation (Diisseldorf, Germany) 48

29. BSCC High Temperature Data Western Press, Westerhan, Kent, England (British) 49

30. Iron and Steel Industry Profile (ISIP)

Mechanical Properties and Materials Defects (British Iron and Steel Inst.) 51 TECHNICAL SOCIETY DATA PUBLICATIONS

31. American National Standards Institute 54

32. American Society of Mechanical Engineers 55

33. American Society for Metals 56

34. American Society for Testing and Materials 57

16. American Welding Society 27 TRADE ASSOCIATION DATA PUBLICATIONS

3. Aluminum Association 6

17. Copper Development Association 29

35. Steel Founders Society of America

;

. 62

36. Lead Industries Association, Inc 64

37. Tin Research Institute 65

38. Zinc Institute Inc 67

39. Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc 68 APPENDIX

Aerospace Materials Information Center 70 American Petroleum Institute 70 Consultants Bureau 70 EMPIS Materials Information System (GE) 71 Magnesium Association 73 Metallurgical Documentation and Information System (SDIM) 73 Metal Properties Council 73 Metals and Ceramics Information Center (MCIC) 73 Research Materials Information Center 74 Smithsonian Science Information Exchange 74 Welding Research Council ; ; .J i . . . 74 Other Sources of Mechanical Property Information on Metals 75 Metals and Alloys Index , ... . 76

Properties Index

...

77

vi
Critical Surveys of Data Sources:

Mechanical Properties of Metals

R. B. Gavert, R. L. Moore, and J. H. Westbrook

Introduction

Necessary first steps in the selection and compilation of reference data on any group of properties are to locate the best existing compilations and to evaluate these critically. Unfortunately

in the case of mechanical properties, particularly those for commercial metals and alloys, no such

compendium exists as is the case for thermodynamic properties with the JANAF Tables for

example. Furthermore, despite the recent publication of two bibliographic aids on metals information as well as more general directories to information sources, e.g.^, there is no ready guidebook

to sources of mechanical property information on metals that gives an adequate evaluation of the

scope and validity of the individual sources. The present survey was thus undertaken with the objective of providing a detailed critical

survey of the existent compilations of mechanical property data for commercially available metals

and alloys. This survey was intended to assess the scope, assets and deficiencies of about forty of

the most prominent sources of such information. There were included: handbooks and technical

compilations, information centers, foreign information sources, technical societies, and trade associations. The initial listing of sources to be examined was prepared by the authors with the advice

and assistance of the National Bureau of Standards, Ofiice of Standard Reference Data, and a subcommittee of the Metals Properties Council. The aim was to restrict the survey to sources which

actually had compilations of mechanical property data in some form. Thus sources which oflfered only generalized guides to the literature, monographs, textbooks, or periodicals publishing original

research or engineering articles were not to be included. Those sources from the original listing

which were found upon detailed examination to fall into the latter categories are therefore treated

in a separate appendix.

A survey of this type is never really complete or up-to-date. Descriptions of any given source need constant revision, new sources appear each year, and valuable-but obscure-sources are apt

to be missed entirely. It is therefore hoped that readers and users of this survey will call all such

errors and omissions to the attention of the authors.

The sources surveyed are arranged in a convenient, but arbitrary, grouping as set forth in

the Table of Contents. Many sources could as well have been classified in two or more categories

and some readers might find another listing more appropriate than that shown here. However,

the listing is sufficiently short that locating a source of interest should pose no problem. Two indices

have also been provided: a Metals and Alloys Index and a Properties Index. These indices are

necessarily not all-inclusive. Only major categories of coverage from each individual source have

been entered. Nonetheless, the indices should prove useful in combination in locating a source of

information on any mechanical property of any particular metallic material.

Finally, a few words on the possible uses of this survey. It should facilitate the determination

of: what significant properties are generally available on important materials; what reasonably

finite group of materials might provide a minimally representative list of well-documented

mechanical property data sets; what mechanical property determinations are most conspicuously

lacking, and what existent compilations might afford the best base for building a Standard

Reference Data set for mechanical properties.

^Wilcox, V. L., Guide to Literature on Metals and Metallurgical Engineering, ASEE, Washington, D.C. (lOTOI 32 pp.

- Hyslop, M. R., A Brief Guide to Sources of Metals Information, Information Resources Press, Washington, D.C. (1973) 180 pp. Kruzas, A. T., Encyclopedia of Information Systems and Services, Academic Media, Orange, N.J. (1971) 1109 pp.

vii

Source

Descriptions

Handbooks and

Technical Compilations

(Sources 1-21)
Source 1. Aerospace Structural Metals Handbook.

Publisher or Custodian: The Mechanical Properties Data Center, Belfour Stulen, Inc., 13919 West

Bay Shore Drive, Traverse City, Michigan 49684.

Scope: Provides information on mechanical properties of over 200 metals and alloys of interest

for high efficiency structural applications in the aerospace industry.

Properties Covered: Mechanical properties are presented at room temperature and at various

other temperatures.

Room temperature properties include: Tension data and stress-strain diagrams, compression

data and compression stress-strain diagrams, impact data, bending data, torsion and shear data,

bearing data, stress concentration data, notch properties, fracture toughness, and combined properties data.

Elevated and loiv temperature properties include: Tension data and stress-strain diagrams,

compression data and compression stress-strain diagrams, impact data, bending data, torsion and

shear data, bearing data, stress concentration data, notch properties, fracture toughness, combined

properties, creep and creep rupture properties, fatigue properties, elastic properties, Poisson's ratio

data, modulus of elasticity data and modulus of rigidity data.

Included is a general discussion of properties and discussions on fracture toughness. There is a glossary of terms, list of abbreviations, and a cross index of alloys. There is a cross reference of

Aerospace Materials Specifications (AMS) for materials presented. The data sheets are not to be

used as materials specifications.

Sources of Data : Data are obtained primarily from metal alloy producers in the form of published

and unpublished data sheets, Air Force and other Government agency technical reports and reports

by information centers. Data are also acquired from professional society publications, aerospace

companies, aircraft engine manufacturers and fabricators of components.

Size of the Data Bank : There are four volumes of printed looseleaf pages. All volumes are composed of a series of chapters each dealing with a specific metal or alloy. There are approximately

2800 pages in total. Data quantities vary from extensive-approximately 40 pages per alloy, to limited-less than 5 pages per alloy. Approximately half of the data are concerned with mechanicala

properties. The balance of the data concerns general properties, physical and chentieal properties

and fabrication information. • '^

Data Storage and Search : Data are stored as printed looseleaf pages with the information shown

in tables, graphs and diagrams. Data are primarily searched by alloy class identification as Ferrous,

Nonferrous Light Metal Alloys, and Nonferrous Heat Resistant Alloys.

Volume one groups: Carbon and low alloy steels (FeC), Ultra high strength steels (FeUH),

Austenitic stainless steels (FeA), Martensitic stainless steels (FeM).

Volume tioo groups: Age hardening steels (FeAH), Nickel chromium steels (FeNC), Aluminum alloys: cast (AIC), Aluminum alloys: wrought, heat treatable (AlWT), Aluminum alloys:

wrought, not treatable (AlWN).

2
Volume three groups: Magnesium alloys: cast (MgC), Magnesium alloys: wrought, heat

treatable (MgWT), Magnesium alloys: wrought, not heat treatable (MgWN), Titanium alloys

(Ti), Titanium alloys: cast (TiC).

Volume four groups: Nickel base alloys (<59cCo) (Ni), Nickel base alloys (>59cCo) (NiCo),

Cobalt base alloys (Co), Beryllium alloys (Be), Columbium (Niobium) Alloys (Cb), Molybdenum

alloys (Mo), Tantalum alloys (Ta), Tungsten alloys (W), Vanadium alloys (V), Zirconium alloys

(Zr).

Each alloy is located by key chemistry percentages. Additional designations and trade names

are listed in the data sheets under Commercial Designations and Alternate Designations.

Selectivity of the Data: Input information from all sources is arranged in accordance with an

established property code data classification for each alloy ; example, Tension, Stress-strain

diagram, Compression, etc. A panel of distinguished outside editors supported by staff specialists

of the Materials Property Center review the input data and select typical properties for each

classification.

Criteria used include:

(a) comparison of similar data from different sources

(b) the extent of scatter

(c) volume of data

(d) comparison with other properties

Specimen types and test methods are omitted if they are conventional. Listed properties are

well referenced to their original documents. Statistical confidence is not presented.

Timeliness of the Data: The latest issue of the handbook is the 1972 publication which includes

the 1971 supplement IV. Chapter revisions and additions are released quarterly in an annual

printed supplement form. The references are mostly dated in the 1960's. A few references are given

for time prior to the 1960's and a few for the late 1960's and early 1970's.

Availability: Distribution is unlimited. Copies are available from The Mechanical Properties

Data Center, 13919 West Bay Shore Drive, Traverse City, Michigan 49684.

Cost of Access to Data : Subscription fee for the four volume handbook, plus revisions and additions is $125 per year. There are no formal arrangements for telephone or letter inquiries.

General Comments: This is an excellent reference for use by a designer or materials engineer for

the approximately 200 different materials presented. The data would not be satisfactory for a design review requiring high statistical reliability unless the reliability information was established

in the originating reports.

3
Source 2. Alloy Digest.

Publisher or Custodian: Engineering Alloys Digest Incorporated, 356 North Mountain Avenue,

Box 823, Upper Montclair. New Jersey 07043.

Scope: The Alloy Digest is a monthly compilation of data sheets on approximately 500 ferrous

and nonferrous alloys, giving information on composition, properties, heat treatment, fabrication,

corrosion resistance, specification equivalents, uses, and general characteristics of commercial alloys.

Properties Covered: Mechanical property data are primarily given at room temperature. The

balance, approximately one-fifth, of the data sheets cover other data at elevated and low temperatures.

Data included are: tensile strength, tensile yield strength, compressive yield strength, elongation, reduction-of-area, hardness, bend ductility, hardenability, fatigue strength, endurance limit,

creep properties, stress-rupture properties, impact properties, fracture data, heat treatment vs

properties data, stress-corrosion behavior.

Sources of Data: Data are extracted from vendor data sheets and industry wide specifications.

Size of the Data Bank : There are over 1600 data sheets in the system in looseleaf binders. Approximately one-fourth of the data pertains to mechanical properties.

Data Storage and Search: The data are coded generally by chemical symbols, as follows:

Code

No. Type or Class of Alloy

Approximate

Number of Data Sheets

Ag Silver-base 5 Al Aluminum-base 196 Au Gold-base 1 Cb Columbium-base 17 CI Cast Iron 35 Co Cobalt-base 59 Cr Chromium-base 2 cs Carbon Steels 38 Cu Copper-base 219 Fe Iron-base 43 Mg Magnesium-base 69 Mn Manganese-base 2 Mo Molybdenum-base 8 Ni Nickel-base 157 Pb Lead-base 6 Pt Platinum 1 Re Rhenium 1 SA Steel-Alloys (Alloy Steels) 253 Sn Tin-base 2 ss Stainless and Heat Resistant

Steels 239 Ta Tantalum 1 Ti Titanium-base 58 TS Tool Steels 222 W Tungsten-base 14 Zn Zinc-base 12 Zr Zirconium-base 5

4
There is a General Index which cross references trade names of the ferrous and nonferrous

alloys to the Code Numbers, as an example

:

Trade Name Code No.

Armco PH 15-7 Mo SS-75

Selectivity of the Data: Data are selected by the Editor of the Alloy Digest who is professionally

trained. Reliability of the data varies with the quality of the vendor data sheets and specifications

from the data are taken. There is no statistical treatment of the data by Alloy Digest.

Timeliness of the Data: Each Data Sheet is dated. The dates cover the period from the early

1950's to the 1970's. Most of the data comes from the 1960's. New sheets are issued monthly with

the selections at the convenience of the editor.

Availability: The Alloy Digest is available to both domestic and foreign subscribers.

Cost of Access to Data: Subscription price is $20.00 per year. A set of back issues may be purchased for $135.00.

General Comments : The system is useful where it is inconvenient to send directly to vendors for

data. Broad vendor claims are avoided in the Alloy Digest data sheets. Values used for design

should be verified with other sources.

5
Source 3. Aluminum Standards & Data.

Publisher or Custodian: The Aluminum Association, 750 Third Avenue, New York, New York

10017

Scope: Provides mechanical properties on 41 wrought and 13 cast aluminum materials. These

are the commercial aluminum and aluminum alloys used in United States.

Properties Covered: For Wrought Materials, typical values (not suitable for design purposes)

are given for tensile strength and elongation at various temperatures ; room temperature values

for hardness, shear strength, fatigue properties, and modulus of elasticity (Young's modulus).

For Wrought Materials and Castings, maximum and minimum limits are given for tensile

strength, yield strength, and elongation.

j

This publication also includes a cross index to the principal specification systems used in the

United States, to Federal and Military specifications, and to similar foreign alloys.

Sources of Data: The Aluminum Association is an industry-wide organization representing over 70 companies which include all the primary producers of aluminum in United States, leading

manufacturers of aluminum products and principal foundries and smelters.

Committees from the above companies have prepared and published standards and data

(including mechanical properties) for all commercial aluminum and aluminum alloys. These committees meet at regular intervals to maintain the publications up-to-date.

Size of the Data Bank: Mechanical properties data for commercial aluminum and aluminum

alloys are covered in this 200 page book. In addition to this publication, there are other documents

which provide mechanical properties data for specific applications and fabrication procedures.

Data Storage and Search: Mechanical properties are listed in two sections.

The first section covers typical mechanical properties for commercial aluminum and aluminum

alloys.

The second section covers mechanical properties limits (tensile strength and elongation) for

commercial aluminum and aluminum alloys in the various wrought forms (i.e. sheet and plate,

rod and bar, etc.) and cast forms (sand and permanent mold cast).

Selectivity of Data: Data are reviewed by a committee made up of technical people from the

manufacturers of aluminum and aluminum alloys. The data are revised periodically to keep abreast

of advances in production methods, to add data on new alloys and to delete those which become

inactive.

Timeliness of Data: The present edition is dated 1972-73.

Availability: Distribution is unlimited. Copies may be obtained from The Aluminum Association.

Cost of Access to Data: The publication price is $2.00; single copies free on letterhead request.

General Comments: This publication provides an excellent basis in preparing mechanical properties tables and The Aluminum Association should provide a direct access to the most knowledgeable people and data banks in this area. Other relevant publications available from The

Aluminum Association include: Specifications for Aluminum Structures, and Engineering Data for

Aluminum Structures.

6
While the individual companies representing The Aluminum Assom"- ^e SuminTm

„teraturecoverin.mechanica,properti^^^^

Association in preference to that P"^^^^''^;

.?f , ^^^e through The Aluminum AssociarnTthe'-a^rS^^^^^^^ " ""^^

be referred to the companies where such information might be available.
Source 4. Engineering Alloys.

5th Edition by Norman E. Woldman and Robert C. Gibbons.

Publisher or Custodian: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 450 West 33rd Street, New York,

N.Y. 10001.

Scope: The reference book is a compilation of data and information on 36,000 proprietary commercial and technical alloys manufactured in the U.S.A. and in foreign countries, including North

America, Europe, Australia, and Japan.

Properties Covered: Tensile strength, yield strength, percent elongation, percent reduction-ofarea, and Brinell hardness, all primarily at room temperature.

Source of Data: Direct correspondence with the alloy manufacturer, supplemented by data

obtained from commercial literature and technical publications.

Size of the Data Bank: The book has 1440 pages and is permanently bound. Approximately 50^

of the book is devoted to mechanical properties.

Data Storage and Search : Each alloy is assigned a number. The user looks up the material alphabetically by its alloy name and is referred to the assigned number. The mechanical property data

are found in the Alloy Data section under the associated number.

Example: (For Carpenter 10 Alloy)

In the example, M-32 is the manufacturer's assigned number. Section II presents an alphabetical list of manufacturers. Section III gives a numerical list of manufacturers. Section IV lists out-dated alloys. Section V lists association standards.

Selectivity of the Data: Values assigned for mechanical properties usually represent the most

probable values that would be obtained under the given conditions. The authors have attempted

to present the data impartially. They assume no responsibility for the accuracy or the reliability

of the quoted values.

Timeliness of the Data: The present (5th) edition was published in 1973.

Availability: Distribution is unlimited through the Van Nostrand Reinhold Company.

Cost of Access to Data: The reference book sells at $47.50 per copy.

General Comments: The 36,000 alloys listed appear complete but in many cases data are repetitions. Type 304 stainless steel, for example, would be listed as many times as there are vendors with

different trade names. Searching the data knowing only the manufacturer is difficult, unless the

alloy begins with the manufacturer's name. The reference is unique in that it covers more alloy

variations than any other source. Mechanical properties presented need verification for design

purposes. The property data presented are limited.

Under C

in the

Alloy Data

Section I

Carpenter Stainless No. 10

M-32 ; 0.08 max C, 15-17 Cr,

17-19 Ni, bal Fe

Annealed: 75,000 TS ; 35,000 YS: 55 EL, 72 RA; 145 Brin

8
Source 5. Materials Selector.

Publisher or Custodian: Reinhold Publishing Company, Inc. A subsidiary of Litton Industries,

Inc., 600 Summer Street, Stamford, Connecticut 06904.

Scope: Provides a materials reference guide to individuals who function in materials evaluation

and selection, design, development, production, and management or wherever there is an involvement in the application and selection of metals, nonmetallics, forms and finishes.

Properties Covered: Mechanical properties at room temperature include: tensile strength, yield

strength, compression strength, shear strength, transverse fiber strength, elongation, reductionof-area, hardness, hardenability, modulus of elasticity in tension, fatigue strength, bearing

strength, bearing load, burst strength. Impact strength and notch properties are covered at room

temperature and lower temperatures.

Elevated temperature mechanical properties include: tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, hot hardness, stress-rupture strength, and creep properties.

Sources of Data: Data are provided primarily by metals producing companies. A permanent

editorial staff of around thirteen people work on the selector. In addition there is a seven man

Editorial Advisory Board which represents the metals industry.

Size of the Data Bank: The Materials Selector is approximately 500 pages in size. Only a portion

of the book is devoted to metallic materials. There are approximately 50 pages of data on iron and

steels and 65 pages for nonferrous metals.

Data Storage and Search: Data are stored in tabular form under the heading of mechanical

properties. The data are searched by the following materials designations:

Iron and Steels—Gray Irons-Cast, Malleable Irons-Cast, Nodular or Ductile Irons-Cast, White

and Alloy Irons-Cast, Iron-Base Superalloys-Cast & Wrought, Alloy Steels-Cast, Carbon Steels-Cast,

Carbon Steels-Carburizing Grades, Carbon Steels-Hardening Grades, Free Cutting Carbon SteelsWrought, High Strength Steels-Wrought, Low Alloy Steels-Wrought, Nitriding Steels-Wrought,

Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steels, Age Hardenable Stainless Steels-Wrought & Cast, Austenitic

Stainless Steels-Wrought, Specialty Stainless Steels-Wrought, Stainless Steels-Cast, Heat Resistant

Alloys-Cast, Ultra-High Strength Steels-Wrought, Tool Steels-Wrought, Powder Metal PartsFerrous, Ferritic Stainless Steels-Wrought, Martensitic Stainless Steels-Wrought.

Nonferro7is Metals—Aluminum and its Alloys-Wrought, Aluminum and its Alloys-Cast,

Cobalt and its Alloys, Cobalt-Base Superalloys-Wrought, Cobalt-Base Superalloys-Cast, Columbium

and its Alloys-Wrought, Copper and its Alloys-Wrought, Copper Alloys-Cast, Lead and its AlloysCast & Wrought, Magnesium Alloys-Wrought, Magnesium Alloys-Cast, Nickel and its AlloysWrought, Nickel and its Alloys-Cast & Wrought, Nickel-Base Superalloys-Cast & Wrought, Powder

Metal Parts-Nonferrous, Precious Metals-Wrought,Tantalum, Tungsten, Rhenium, MolybdenumWrought, Tin and its Alloys-Cast & Wrought, Tin and its Alloys-Cast, Titanium and Titanium

Alloys-Wrought, Rare Earths, Zinc Alloys-Wrought, Zinc Alloys-Cast, Zirconium and its AlloysWrought.

A Comparison of Materials section is included in the front of the handbook. Materials are ranked in order of tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, specific strength, modulus of elasticity in tension, specific thickness, and hardness.

9
Selectivity of the Data: The data represent average test values obtained from many different

suppliers and secondary information sources. The values do not represent absolute minimum or maximum specified limits. Where a range is given, it may reflect either the test variations or

variations in the composition, temper, heat treatment, form or other conditions. The data do not

give a complete description of the materials and test conditions and should not be used directly

for final designs.

Timeliness of the Data : The data averages represent up-to-date properties on commercially available materials. The Materials Selector is revised annually.

Availability: This reference manual is distributed annually to qualified individual recipients in

the U.S., U.S. Possessions, and Canada employed in the Original Equipment Market who function

in the materials area. Microfilmed past copies are available.

Cost of Access to the Data: Domestic subscriptions are $18.00 per year. Foreign subscriptions are $36.00 per year. Qualified individuals may receive three copies. Subscription also includes

receiving monthly copies of "Materials Engineering" magazine.

General Comments: The Materials Selector is an excellent tool for selecting a material based on

its mechanical properties. Use of the data for direct design is questionable unless supported by

other data sources.

10
Source 6. Damage Tolerant Design Handbook.

MCIC-HB-01, 1st Edition.

Publisher or Custodian: Metals and Ceramics Information Center, Battelle, Columbus Laboratories, 505 King Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43201.

Sponsored by: Air Force Materials Laboratory

Scope: Provides fracture and crack growth data for 19 Aluminum Alloys, 14 Alloy Steels, 7

Stainless Steels and 9 Titanium Alloys. The data assist designers in determining critical flaw sizes

and fatigue lives in highly stressed structures. The Handbook aids materials engineers in selecting

optimum alloys for highly stressed structures. The data are useful to nondestructive inspection

specialists in estimating required sensitivity of nondestructive testing equipment.

Properties Covered

:

Plane-strain fracture toughness data (-K'/r- values) • :

.

. Plane-stress and transitional fracture toughness data {Kc values)

Threshold stress intensity factors in special environments (Xjscc values)

Sustained-load, crack growth rates in special environments {da/dt versus Kj)

Fatigue crack growth rates (da/dN versus AK)

Sources of Data: Cooperating sources of information include government agencies, metals producers, aircraft and engine manufacturers, universities, and private laboratories.

Size of the Data Book : The Handbook is a single volume looseleaf notebook containing 419 pages

with 208 tables and 136 figures. Essentially all pages are related to mechanical fracture properties.

The Handbook is intended to be updated with periodic supplements.

Data Storage and Search: Values Kic, Kc, and Kucc are presented in tabular format. The da/dt

and da/dN data are shown in graphical format. Alloys included in the first edition of the Handbook

are: Sections 4.0 through 8.0 in the looseleaf binder provide the direct data on Al alloys, alloy

steels, stainless steels and titanium alloys as follows:

Section 4.0 Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness Data iK,c data)

Section 5.0 Plane-Stress and Transition Fracture Toughness Data (Kc data)

Section 6.0 Threshold Stress Intensity Factors (Kiscc data)

Section 7.0 Sustained-Load Crack Growth Rate (da/dt data)

Section 8.0 Fatigue Crack Growth Rates (da/dN data)

Aluminum Alloys Alloy Steels Stainless

Steels Titanium Alloys

2014 2020 2021 4330V AISI 4340 PH13-8MO Ti-6A1-4V Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn

2024 2124 2219 300M D6AC PH14-8MO Ti-8Al-lV-lMo Ti-4Al-3Mo-lV

2618 6061 7001 Ni-Cr-Mo HY140 15-5PH Beta Ti (13-11-3)

7005 7007 7049 9Ni-4Co lONi 17-4PH Beta 111 Ti 7050 7075 7079 12Ni-5Cr-3Mo 18Ni(250) Custom 455 Beta C Ti X7080 7175 7178 18Ni(200) 18Ni(350) AFC77 Transage 129 X7475 18Ni(300) H-11 AFC260 IMI 679

Data are searched by desired fracture and alloy designation. A special data search is also

available. All data used in the Handbook have been indexed and stored in computerized programs.

Inquiries to the computer for different format, additional data, and alloys may be directed to the

Battelle Metals and Ceramics Information Center.

11
Selectivity of the Data: Input data comes from a wide variety of test programs and literature

in the MCIC data bank. The designer must make his own analysis using the given data.

Timeliness of the Data: Majority of the data comes from the 1960's period with the remainder

from the 1970's.

Availability: The Handbook is available from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS),

Springfield, Virginia 22151.

Cost of Access to the Data: The Handbook cost is $37.50 per copy. Foreign copies are $40.00

each. Number AD 753774 should be specified in the purchase order.

General Comments: This is a good comprehensive reference source on fracture mechanics data.

The data are of particular interest to aircraft and aerospace designers, materials engineers, and

quality control specialists. The engineer must use his own judgment in using the given data.

12
Source 7. Mechanical Properties of British Standard En Steels.

Volumes 1, 2, and 3, by J. Woolman and R. A. Mottram.

Publisher or Custodian: The Macmillan Company, New York.

Scope: The Mechanical Properties of British Standard En Steels provides data on British Specification (B.S. .970) covering steels from En 1 through En 363. These are wrought materials for

general engineering purposes.

Properties Covered: Properties include: proof stress, yield strength, tensile strength, elongation,

reduction-of-area, hardness, Izod and Charpy impact tests, hardenability, torsion properties,

fatigue properties, shear properties, creep and stress-rupture properties.

Source of Data : Data are compiled by J. Woolman and R. A. Mottram and advisory groups of the

Steel User Section of the British Iron and Steel Research Association, now Corporate Laboratories

of British Steel Corporation.

Size of the Data Bank: The data compilation includes around 1500 pages. Approximately 75 percent of the material covers mechanical properties data.

Data Storage and Search: The data are stored in hard cover books in three volumes. Volume 1 includes the properties of steel compositions En 1 to En 20. Volume 2 includes En 21 to En 39.

Volume 3 includes the steels En 40 to En 363. Data are presented in tables and graphs. Data are searched by En number grouping.

Selectivity of the Data : Data are gathered from the leading steelmakers in England. The material

has been prepared and selected by experts in the field. The data are not statistically treated.

Timeliness of the Data: The Mechanical Properties of British En Steels volumes were issued

sequentially with Volume 1 in 1964, Volume 2 in 1966, and Volume 3 in 1969. References cover the

1950's and 1960's periods.

Availability : The data are unlimited in distribution. The volumes are available from the publisher

or from : The Iron and Steel Institute, 1 Charlton House Terrace, London SWIY5DB, England.

Cost of Access to Data : The cost is £ 35 for all three volumes.

General Comments: The concentration of steel data in the Mechanical Properties of British En

Steels is impressive. Cross reference information is given for similar foreign national steels. The

lack of statistical treatment of the data makes it necessary for a designer to double check values

with other data before using.

13
Source 8. Metallic Materials-Specification Handbook.

2nd Edition, Robert B. Ross, editor.

Publisher or Custodian : E. and F. N. Spon, Ltd., London. i j

Scope: Tabulates the composition and a few properties of a very wide variety of commercial

metallic materials produced under a given specification or trade name. Because of the hmited

coverage of properties, this volume is more useful as an identification tool or cross index than as a

properties reference.

Properties Covered: Diamond pyramid hardness, ultimate tensile strength, elongation and 0.1 percent proof strength are listed wherever these data were available. All data are given in metric

units.

Each of the major groups of specifications is preceded by a short section covering the metallurgy, thermal treatment, weldability, methods of flaw detection, corrosion protection, machinability, and uses that apply generally to those materials as a group.

Sources of Data: Data listed were obtained directly from the manufacturer, his licensee or a

trade or standards association. About 250 private firms and 15 national organizations contributed.

Size of the Data Bank: Data covering about 30,000 trade names, specifications or symbols for

commercially available metals and alloys are included in an 833 page book. Full entries for all four

properties are given for only about one-fifth of the listed alloys ; partial entries appear for about

another fifth ; no properties whatsoever are given for more than half the listing.

Data Storage and Search: The data pages for various alloy groups are organized into sections

according to the base metal, the more important bases having several sections. Thus, steels are covered in 30 sections ; aluminum and its alloys in 16 ; copper and copper alloys in 13 ; nickel and

nickel alloys in 8 ; irons, magnesium, and titanium based alloys, 4 sections each ; and tin,

molybdenum and zinc each have two sections. Alloy bases of lesser variety and volume-use

such as beryllium, cadmium, lead, platinum, sodium, tantalum, zirconium, etc., are each covered

in a single section.

Three appendices list: the names and addresses of companies or associations supplying the

data, trade names and their sources, and tables of abbreviations and conversion factors.

Users of the book may start with the index to locate the ingredients and properties of an

alloy bearing a given designation or may scan through a section, say medium-carbon silicon

steels, to determine the specification and trade names of those alloys having desired properties.

Selectivity of the Data: Data are listed as supplied by the manufacturer or cognizant national

association. No selectivity or reliability assessment has been made.

Timeliness: The first edition of this work was published in 1968. This, the 2nd edition bearing

a 1972 date represents a 20% expansion in the number of listings. Errors have been corrected

from the 1st edition and all properties converted to accepted metric units.

Availability. Distribution is unlimited. Available in the U.K. from the publisher and in the

U.S. from Halsted Press, a Division of John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, New York.

Cost of Access to Data: The book sells in the U.S. for $26.35.

14
r.„Pr»l romments- The primary utility of this book is as a guide to the identification ol an t'Tetme. Ipedficatio/or symbol for a commercia. f J^^.f-^l^er'^^tirre':

f oiinv PTitriP^ are suitable only for assistance in the compilation of a list of alternative mate

al o'r coSe aL:^^ circumstance could the tabulated properties be used for a final

selection o£ material, design calculations or calibration or verification of tests.
Source 9. Metals Handbook, 8th Edition.

Publisher or Custodian: American Society for Metals, Metals Park, Ohio 44073.

Scope: Provides information on mechanical properties of over 800 metals and alloys of interest

to a wide range of industries. The Handbook is presented with strong emphasis on the economics

of materials selection and utilization.

Properties Covered: Approximately three-fourths of the mechanical properties covered are given at room temperature. Properties include: tensile strength, yield strength, elongation,

reduction-of-area, hardness, Charpy and Izod impact data, compressive strength, torsional shear

strength, modulus of elasticity, fatigue strength, bend ductility, fracture data, stress corrosion

data, stress-strain diagrams. Summaries of heat treatment versus properties achieved are included.

Low temperature data presented are mostly related to fracture toughness. Data include:

Charpy impact data, Izod impact data, notched data, fracture transition temperature data,

hardness versus impact energy data, heat treatment versus impact properties data.

Sources of Data: Data are obtained from 300 to 1300 technical experts and up to 600 plants

in the metalworking field. They are mostly members or associates of The American Society for

Metals. The data for the most part come from direct experience and testing.

Size of Data Bank: There are eight volumes published to-date in the 8th edition of the Metals

Handbook and others are in progress. Volume 1, the largest covering 1300 pages, contains most

of the mechanical property information. The remaining volumes are from 300 to 700 pages in

length and contain scattered mechanical property information. More specifically Volume 1 consists of 430 compilations of data on difi'erent metals and alloys. In addition there are 100 major

articles, 1500 detailed "case method" examples, 6700 illustrations, 132 tables of recommended

selections for 4400 combinations of service conditions, 2800 definitions and a 64 page index.

Data Storage and Search: Data are stored as tables, illustrations, and example problems in

bound volume form. Data are searched through use of the table of contents and indices given

in the front and back of each volume.

Volume 1: Properties and Selection. This volume presents classes of materials as follows:

Carbon and Low-Alloy Steels

Cast Irons

Stainless Steels and Heat-Resisting Alloys

Tool Materials

Magnetic, Electrical and Other SpecialPurpose Materials

Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys

Copper and Copper Alloys

Lead and Lead Alloys

Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys

Nickel and Nickel Alloys

Tin and Tin Alloys

Titanium and Titanium Alloys

Zinc and Zinc Alloys

Precious Metals

Pure Metals

The data are presented to convey specific properties of the metals covered and to guide the

reader in selecting a material for a particular application. There are also included: a section of

metallurgical definitions, and special reference tables on physical properties, conversion factors,

compositions, and sizes.

16
Volu7ne 2: Heat Treating, Cleaning and Finishing

Volume 3: Machining

Volume U: Forming

D

,

Volume 6: Welding and Brazing

Volume 7: Atlas of Microstructures

Volume 8: Metallography, Structure and Phase Diagrams

Selectivity of the Data: The data are presented without references to specific originating

reports. Different committees of experts are responsible for each major topic in the various

volumes. Each topic represents their combined experiences. Statistical treatment of the data

is sometimes shown, as for example, graphs of normal distributions of the property.

Timeliness of the Data: Volume 1 of the 8th edition was issued in 1961. Previous to that time,

the Metals Handbook was issued as a single volume (1948). Volume 2 was issued in 1964,

Volume 3 in 1967, Volume 4 in 1969, Volume 5 in 1970, Volume 6 in 1971, Volume 7 in 1972

and Volume 8 in 1973. Two volumes on Fractography and Failure Analysis are under preparation

and two more on Nondestructive Inspection and Mechanical Testing are being planned, with

tentative annual issue dates beginning in 1974.

Availability: The Metals Handbook is available throughout the world.

Cost of Access to Data:

Volume 1--$42.50

Volume 2--$37.50

Volume 3--$37.50

Volume 4--$37.50

Volume 5--$32.50

Volume 6--$42.50

Volume 7--$32.50

Volume 8--$37.50

(in two volumes-5A, $12.75; 5B, $21.50)

Outside the USA and Canada an added charge of $5.00 is required per volume.

Prices on first issues are lower to ASM members.

General Comments: Volume 1 is the most important reference for mechanical property data.

The volume, however, emphasizes selection for properties and economy. The number of metals

covered is small compared to the volume of material presented. Volumes 2 through 6 emphasize

industrial metal processing operations rather than mechanical properties. Volume 7 deals only

with metal microstructures. Identifications of sources of data are limited ; there is only a listing

of contributing authors for reference. The large size of these volumes and the focus on manufacturing details makes the Metals Handbook less of an engineering first reference for mechanical

properties than the previous 1948 single volume edition. The Metals Handbook has enjoyed a reputation among metallurgists as being of reasonably good reliability.

17
Source 10. Metals Reference Book. • V 4th Edition, C. J. Smithells, editor. :

Publisher or Custodian: Butterworths, London.

Scope: A concise summarization of physical, chemical and mechanical data on elemental metals

and common alloys.

Properties Covered: Elastic properties, damping capacity, plastic and fracture properties at room, elevated and sub-normal temperatures, fatigue, creep and stress-rupture data.

Sources of Data: Data are taken from the original literature or from previous compilations

of data. Reference is provided to either the primary or the secondary source. .

Size of Data Bank: The present edition is published in three bound volumes of about 500

pages each.

\:?, '

Data Storage and Search : Data are presented very concisely in tables and graphs with minimal

introductory text or footnote explanation. Data are organized by alloy group as follows : aluminum

and its alloys, copper and its alloys, lead and its alloys, magnesium and its alloys, nickel and its alloys, titanium and its alloys, zinc and its alloys, steels, cast irons and cast steels, bearing alloys,

and other industrially important metals. Alloys are designated by their nominal composition and

with approximate British Standard and U.S. specification numbers.

Selectivity of the Data: The data are typical average values selected by the editor. Contradictory or discrepant data are sometimes presented in parallel without comment.

Timeliness: Since its inception, a new edition of Smithells has appeared every 5 to 6 years.

Each has represented an expansion, rearrangement, correction and up-dating over its predecessors. The present 4th edition was published in 1967 ; a new edition should be forthcoming within

a year or two. .

:

Availability: Distribution is unlimited. Copies are available from the publisher, Butterworths,

London or from Plenum Press in New York.

Cost of Access to the Data: The cost of the 3 volume handbook is $92.50.

General Comments: A more concise, convenient and (in some respects) more complete tabulation of reference data on metals than the ASM Metals Handbook. The lack of criticality, the frequent use of secondary sources, and the absence of explanatory material limit its utility to rough

comparisons, "ball-park" calculations, etc. The data are not suitable for design or calibration work.

18
Source 11. MIL-HDBK-5B Metallic Materials and Elements for Flight Vehicle

Structures.

Dated 1 September 1971 with change notice 1, dated 1 July 1972.

Publisher or Custodian: Department of Defense and the Federal Aviation Administration. (Handbook preparation is managed by MIL-HDBK-5 Coordinating Activity, AFML-LAA, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio)

Scope: Provides mechanical properties data for around 150 metallic materials and elements for

military flight structures. Uniform data on materials used for some time and in considerable quantities are mainly presented. Emphasis is on light, high strength and heat-resistant metals.

Properties Covered: Stress-strain diagrams^ Poisson's ratio, strain rate dependent properties,

modulus of elasticity, modulus design curves, tensile proportional limit, tensile yield strength,

ultimate tensile strength, ultimate compressive strength, modulus of rigidity, proportional limit

in shear, yield strength in shear, ultimate strength in shear, yield and ultimate bearing strengths,

creep properties, stress-rupture properties, minimum creep rate, fatigue properties, fracture data,

mechanical and welded joint strengths, room, low and elevated temperature properties are treated.

Sources of Data: Information is obtained from materials producers, the airframe industry, reports on Government-sponsored research, the open literature, and by direct contact with research

laboratories.

Size of the Data Bank : The handbook, including revisions is approximately 900 pages in length.

Five percent of the book is devoted to formulas and definitions. The balance of the book presents

mechanical property data in the form of charts, graphs and figures.

Data Storage and Search : Data are stored as pages in a paperback handbook. Smaller paperback

supplements of similar format are issued as necessary. Metals data are searched under the following chapter headings.

Selectivity of the Data: Primary Strength values are presented as minimum values in three data

bases A, B, and S. The A Basis is presented where the value indicated is the value above which at

least 99 percent of the population of values is expected to fall with a 95 percent confidence. The

B Basis is presented where the value indicated is the value above which at least 90 percent of the

population of values is expected to fall with a 95 percent confidence. The S Basis is presented as the specified minimum value of a Government or AMS specification without statistical assurance. Values other than Primary Strength values are to be regarded as average or typical values unless

otherwise indicated. References are given at the end of the handbook sections.

Timeliness of the Data: The handbook is generally revised annually. References primarily cover

the 1960's with the remainder covering the 1950's and 1970's.

Availability: Copies are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Oflfice, Washington, D.C. 20402.

Steel

Aluminum

Magnesium Alloys

Titanium

Heat-Resistant Alloys

Beryllium and Special Purpose Metals and

Alloys

19
Cost of Access to Data: The handbook consists of two volumes at a total cost of $9.60. Revisions

cost between $1.00 and $1.50 per copy.

General Comments: This is a good conservative design data manual for the approximate 150

materials presented. Data are clearly presented in graphs and tables. Basic principles and definitions

of mechanical properties are also clearly discussed.

20
Source 12. Reactor Handbook, Volume 1, Materials.

2nd Edition, edited by C. R. Tipton, Jr.

Publisher or Custodian: Interscience Publishers, Inc., New York.

Scope: Volume I of the Reactor Handbook contains information on the mechanical properties of

metals used in nuclear applications. Over 900 metals, alloys, and metal compounds are covered.

Properties Covered: Most properties presented are for elevated temperature reactor service.

Properties at various temperatures include : tensile, compressive and shear strength, yield strength,

elongation, reduction-of-area, hardness, modulus of elasticity in tension and shear, Poisson's ratio,

stress-rupture values, creep values, Charpy and Izod impact data, flexural strength, modulus of

rupture, thermal shock and irradiation effects on mechanical properties.

Physical, metallographic, and chemical data make up the other parts of the handbook.

Sources of Data : Most of the data comes from unclassified United States Atomic Energy Commission reports. Other unclassified sources include: publications issued by other government agencies,

private organizations, and British and Canadian publications. Individual contributors to the chapters represent nearly every major company or laboratory involved in atomic energy work.

Size of the Data Bank: The Reactor Handbook is composed of four volumes: Materials, Fuel

Reprocessing, Engineering, Physics and Shielding. The Materials volume, which contains mechanical

properties of metals, is 1207 pages in length. Approximately 35 percent of the book is devoted to mechanical properties of metals, alloys and metal compounds.

Data Storage and Search : The handbook is hard cover bound. Each volume is separately bound.

Data are searched by using the Index and the Table of Contents. The contents are divided into the

following major parts:

Part Base Metals Covered

A: General Zr, Hf, Misc.

B: Fuel Materials V Th, Pu, Misc.

C: Cladding and Structural Materials Al, C, Co, Cr, Stainless Steel, Mg, Mo, Nb,

Ni, Ta, W, Ti, V, Zr, Misc.

D: Control Materials Hf, B, Cd, Rare Earths, Ag

E: Moderator Materials Graphite, Be, Misc.

F: Coolant Materials Misc.

G: Shielding Materials Misc.

Selectivity of the Data: The data input has been taken from papers of very good technical quality

and the data have been selected by experts in their field. Statistical confidence is not given.

Timeliness of the Data: The data in 2nd edition, 1960 represent the period from 1960 back to the

atomic research done in the 1940's.

Availability: The Handbook is sold unrestricted as a standard publication of the Interscience

Publishers Inc.

Cost of Access to the Data: The Handbook cost for Volume I is $39.25.

General Comments: In spite of its publication date of 1960, this handbook contains remarkably

good information in the selected area of Nuclear Materials. Updating is needed more to report new

progress than to alter previous findings presented.

21
Source 13. SAE Handbook—1973 Edition.

Publisher or Custodian: Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc., Two Pennsylvania Plaza, New

York, New York 10001.

Scope: Provides information on the mechanical properties of over 450 ferrous alloys and over 400 nonferrous alloys. The handbook deals primarily with automotive standards and recommended

practices.

Properties Covered: Room temperature hardness, hardenability, yield strength, tensile strength,

elongation, reduction-of-area, bend data, strain aging data, proof loads, torsional strength, torque

data, stress-corrosion data, shear strength, modulus of elasticity, fatigue strength, impact strength,

compression strength, crushing strength constant, elevated temperature rupture and creep data,

hot hardness.

Other properties not strictly mechanical include machinability, case depth, weldability, and

forgeability.

Sources of the Data: SAE has a General Materials Council with four committees directly or

indirectly responsible for metallic materials. The Committee members come from the automotive

and supporting industries. They provide the input information from data of their individual organizations. There are about 5000 members in SAE. A headquarters staff of around 50 people coordinates

the activities.

Size of the Data Bank: SAE Handbook is over 1400 pages in length and is permanently bound.

Approximately 5 percent of the handbook is devoted to mechanical properties of metallic materials.

Data Storage and Search : Data are stored primarily in a tabular format with a few graphs and

diagrams. Data are searched by the subject index or by a numerical index of each information

report which makes up the handbook. The Table of Contents lists information under Ferrous Metals

and Nonferrous Metals, as follows

Ferrous Metals Nonferrous Metals

Numbering System, Chemical Compositions Aluminum, Copper Alloys, Magnesium Alloys, SuperGeneral Data on Steels alloys, Zinc Alloys, Nickel Alloys, Powder Metals,

Methods of Testing Steel Solders and Finishes

Steel Fasteners Spring Wire and Springs Ferrous Castings

Tool and Die Steels Ferrous Materials Ferrous and Nonferrous—General

Selectivity of the Data: Each committee is chosen to be competent and authoritative in its field. SAE membership is not a prerequisite for membership on Councils or Technical Committees. The

councils strive for unanimous approval of all documents. The data are not given a formal statistical

treatment. There are no references, only a listing of members for each technical committee.

Timeliness of the Data: The SAE Handbook is revised and issued annually. The latest in standards

changes are presented. New and revised reports are presented monthly in Automotive Engineering

magazine. Reports in the handbook are only annually current. The Handbook report changes are

footnoted, as follows: New, Technical Revision, Reaffirmed without Change, and Editorial Change.

22
Availability : Distribution is unlimited. The handbook may be ordered from The Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc., Dept. 4, Two Pennsylvania Plaza, New York, New York 10001.

Cost of Access to Data: The handbook has a list price of $40.00. SAE member price is $9.75.

Individual reports may be purchased at a cost of $1.25 to $4.00 each.

General Comments: This handbook reference is a good data source for materials common to automobiles. The amount of mechanical properties data is small, relative to the size of the handbook. Because of the numbering system and automotive components emphasis, data access is difficult. The mechanical property data, although poorly referenced, are generally reliable standard

information.

23
Source 14. Single Crystal Elastic Constants and Calculated Aggregate Properties:

A Handbook. 2nd Edition, by Gene Simmons and Herbert Wang.

Publisher or Custodian: The M.I.T. Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Scope: Provides advanced materials information on the elastic constants of single crystal elements

and compounds at room and varied temperatures. Calculated crystal aggregrate elastic constant

data are also presented. Over 300 metals and compounds are included.

Properties Covered: Single crystal elastic constants include: Elastic Stiffness (C) and Elastic

Compliance (S). Both have subscripts indicative of crystallographic direction. Crystal density and

temperature data are included.

j Crystal aggregate data include calculated bounds for: Young's Modulus (E), Shear Modulu^

(G), Poisson's Ratio (SIGMA), Bulk Modulus (K), Compressibility (BETA), Velocity of Sheaf

Waves in an infinite medium (VS), Velocity of Compressional Waves in an infinite medium (VP/.

The elastic property bounds are calculated by Voight's Scheme (V), Reuss Scheme (R), The Hasin

Bound (H), and The Shtrikman Bound (S). Density and temperature parameters are included,

Sources of Data: Single crystal data has been compiled from scattered research sources by a handful of prominent experts, such as Huntington, Hearman, Alexandrov, Ryzhova, and Simmons.

These single crystal data are used to calculate aggregate crystal values of elastic constants. Many

references cite work done in the Soviet Union.

Size of the Data Bank: The Handbook is 370 pages in length. Approximately 90 percent is tabulated data.

Data Storage and Search: The single crystal data and crystal aggregate data are grouped into

sections related to the crystal structures: Cubic, Tetragonal 1, Tetragonal 2, Orthorhombic, Monoclinic, Hexagonal, Trigonal. Each crystal, compound, or aggregate is listed alphabetically in each

section. A sample listing is:

Name

Code Density Ref Temp(K)

11 Cubic

12 44 Aluminum 2.7157 249 193.2 C 1.778 0.6866 0.2922 10051 S 1.4880 -0.5480 3.4220

Selectivity of the Data: The compilation is uncritical in the sense that data of low precision are

are included in the tables along with data of very high quality. The tables have multiple entries of

data. The reader must choose the set of data he believes better for his particular application.

Timeliness of the Data: References come primarily from the 1960's and late 1950's.

Availability: Distribution is unlimited. Copies are available from the M.I.T. Press, Cambridge,

Massachusetts.

Cost of Access to the Data: The Handbook costs $15.00 per copy.

General Comments: The data on elastic constants are of more use to a mechanics of materials

research engineer than to a design engineer. Use of the data requires judgment by the engineer

as to which values are most reliable. The compilation of scattered data into a single book is a valuable asset to the field of mechanics of materials.

24
Source 15. Structural Alloys Handbook.

1st Edition, by T. D. Moore, Author/Editor.

Publisher or Custodian: Mechanical Properties Data Center, Belfour Stulen, Inc., 13919 West Bay

Shore Drive, Traverse City, Michigan 49684.

Scope: Presents representative in-depth and up-to-date mechanical properties characterizations

for the more common metals and alloys of importance in the construction, machine tool, heavy

equipment, automotive and general manufacturing industries. Less than 300 alloys are presently

included but expansion above 3000 chemically different structural alloys is feasible, using the

MPDC data bank.

Properties Covered: Room temperature mechanical properties include: tensile, yield, elongation,

reduction-of-area, notched tensile strength, joint tension, tensile fracture toughness, compressive

strength, fastener shear, block shear, sheet shear, and joint shear, punch shear, bolt, pin or rivet

bearing strength, pressure vessel burst strength, hardness, hardenability, notched and unnotched

fatigue data, low cycle fatigue data, crack rate propagation data, impact (Charpy or Izod) strength,

drop-weight impact data, bending fracture toughness data, stress-corrosion data, stress-strain curves, and true stress-strain data.

Elevated and low temperature properties include: tensile data, tensile creep, compression

creep, stress-rupture properties, impact data, fracture toughness data, shear and bearing strength

properties.

Included are data on corrosion, oxidation, hydrogen embrittlement, heat treatment, workability,

machinability, and weldability. There are four appendices: (A) Symbols and Abbreviations, (B)

Test Types, (C) The Weil-Defined Test, (D) SI Conversion Factors and Tables.

Sources of Data: Data come from the data bank and library of the Mechanical Properties Data

Center (MPDC), which is a Department of Defense materials information center. The data input

consists of U.S. Government reports, producers' literature, and some foreign documents.

Size of the Data Bank : The MPDC data bank has over one million test results on approximately

5000 different metals and alloys. There are more than 40,000 technical documents used for data

input. The Structural Alloys Handbook, 1st edition, has over 200 pages provided in a one volume

looseleaf notebook. The Center (MPDC) intends to issue annual supplements which are based on

the needs and recommendations of those who use the handbook. The book with small exceptions is devoted entirely to mechanical properties.

Data Storage and Search : Data are stored as printed looseleaf pages in a single volume notebook.

Information is presented in the form of tables, graphs, and diagrams. A Selector Chart precedes

each major section to enable the reader to compare the many alloys by their principal mechanical

and physical properties. The major sections are as follows

:

Cast Iron-Ductile Iron, White and Alloy Cast Iron, Malleable Iron

Cast Steel and Cast Stainless Steel- (No entries)

Cast Al, Brass, Bronze, Cu and Mg-(No entries)

High Strength, Low Alloy Steel-A242, A440, A441, A514, A517, A537, A572, A588

Wrought Steel-1020 Steel, High Carbon Steel, 4140 Steel, 4340 Steel

Wrought Stainless Steel-201, 202 Stainless Steel

Wrought Aluminum-3003, 3004 Aluminum

The Selector Charts include more alloys than are presented in the individual sections. A search

service is available for alloys not included in the book or for very specific test conditions.

25
Selectivity of the Data: Input data come from a wide variety of test programs and literature into

the MPDC data bank. Data are defined to the same extent as was originally reported in each specific test program. Test definitions and test conditions are variable. There are no interpretive theories or statistical analyses. Inconsistent data have been eliminated as much as possible. The bulk of the

data are not design values but rather test results. The designer must make his own analysis, using

the given data. Reference and bibliography are given at the end of each section.

Timeliness of the Data: The 1st edition was issued March 1973. Supplements are issued twice a

year. Data references show most of the information coming from the mid-1960's with lesser

amounts coming from the late 1950's, early 1960's, and early 1970's.

Availability : Distribution of the handbook is unlimited. Copies are available from The Mechanical

Properties Data Center, 13919 West Bay Shore Drive, Traverse City, Michigan 49684. A search

service is available by telephone (616)947-4500, TWX 810-291-3360.

Cost of Access to the Data : The initial handbook and first year supplements cost $75.00. Telephone

information may be free or a fee will be quoted for detailed information.

General Comments: The Structural Alloys Handbook is an excellent concentrated source of

mechanical property data. The data tabulations lack statistical documentation of the most probable

value, the average value, the value for a 95 percent, 99 percent or other probabilities of confidence.

The handbook is presently incomplete in coverage relative to the number of possible alloys mentioned in the Selector Charts. Data are easy to read.

26
Source 16. Welding Handbook, Section Four, Metals and Their Weldability.

6th Edition. Editors: C. Jackson, L. Griffing, S. D. Reynolds, Jr., S. Weiss, R. T.

Telford, and L G. Betz.

Publisher or Custodian: American Welding Society, 2501 N.W. 7th St., Miami, Florida 33125.

Scope: Section Four contains information on mechanical properties of base metals, fillers, and

weldments for approximately 600 metals and alloys that are commercially weldable.

Properties Covered:

All weld metal, filler wire, and filler w'ire as-ivelded

Room temperature—tensile strength, yield strength, percent elongation, hardness, Charpy-Vnotch impact properties, joint efficiencies, shear strength, fatigue strength, torque properties,

structural beam welded properties, tear resistance, notch toughness, flexural strength.

Loiv and Elevated Temperattire—rupture strength, impact transition temperature, creep

properties.

Base Metal

Room temperature—tensile strength, yield strength, percent elongation, reduction-of-area,

fatigue properties, elastic modulus, hardenability, Charpy-V-notch impact properties, bend properties, abrasion resistance, compressive strength, fracture toughness properties.

Low and Elevated Temperature—hardness, tensile strength, yield strength, percent elongation,

percent reduction-of-area, impact properties, creep properties, drop-weight nil-ductility transition

temperature.

Sources of the Data: Each of the fourteen chapters in Welding Handbook, Section Four is written

by a separate chapter committee. Each chapter committee consisted of up to five experts from

industry, universities and the government. Bibliographies are provided at the end of chapter

referencing the data used. A Handbook Committee of six society members reviewed and edited all chapters submitted.

Size of the Data Bank: Welding Handbook, Section Four is 668 pages in length. Approximately

one-third of the book covers mechanical properties of all weld metal, filler metal, filler metal as welded, and base metals.

Data Storage and Search : Data are stored mostly in tables and also in graphs, diagrams, and pictures in a pei inanently bound volume. The chapters include

:

Iron, Wrought Iron, and Carbon Steels

Cast Irons and Cast Steels

Low-Alloy Steels

The 4 to 10% Chromium-Molybdenum Steels

and the Straight Chromium Stainless Steels

Austenitic Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel

Austenitic Manganese Steel

Nickel and High-Nickel Alloys

Copper and Copper Alloys

Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys

Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys

Lead

Zinc

Titanium and Titanium Alloys

Other Metals

27
A subject index is provided at the end of Section Four of the Welding Handbook. There are four other sections in the entire Welding Handbook, including: Section One-Fundamentals of Welding, Section Two-Welding Processes: Gas, Arc and Resistance, Section Three-Welding, Cutting and

Related Processes. Section Five-Applications of Welding. Very little mechanical property data are found in these other sections.

Selectivity of the Data: Committee authors present data from industry, university and government laboratories and plant operations in their assigned chapters. The authors are authoritative

and competent in their welding specialties. The Committee authors and their supporting organizations are listed in the front of each chapter. The data are not given a statistical treatment. References are given in the back of each chapter. A large number of references come from the Welding

Journal Research Supplement.

Timeliness of the Data: The Welding Handbook, sixth edition, is dated 1972. The fith edition was

dated five years earlier in 1967. Previous editions were revised on the average of once every seven

years. Refei^ences in the sixth edition come mostly from articles written in the 1960's with the

remainder mostly from the 1950's. ... ..

Availability : Available from the American Welding Society ; distribution is unlimited.

Cost of Access to Data: Section Four is sold at $21.00 per copy. Member prices are $4.00 lower

and foreign prices are $2.00 higher.

General Comments: The Welding Handbook, Section Four is one of very few sources available

that provide the designer with weld properties. The book is intended for beginners and experts and

does fairly well at it. The Handbook needs more fracture toughness data because of its' growing

importance. '

'^11

28
Source 17. Standard Handbook; Wrought Copper and Copper Alloy Mill Products.

Standard Handbook; Cast Copper and Copper Alloy Products.

Publisher or Custodian: Copper Development Association, 405 Lexington Ave., New York, N. Y.

10017.

Scope: Provides physical properties on over 300 commercial copper-based materials.

Properties Covered: The follov^ing mechanical properties are listed for each material:

Cast Materials

Tensile strength '

' - '

'

Yield strength

Elongation

Hardness

Shear strength

Compressive strength

Impact strength

Proportional limit

Creep strength

Modulus of elasticity

Included is a cross index of the principal specification systems used in the United States for

wrought and cast copper and copper alloys. These systems have used different codes to identify

the same materials.

Sources of Data : Prepared by a committee of technical experts in the copper industry.

Size of Data Bank: All standard coppers and copper-based alloys are covered in these publications ; there are 238 alloys covered in the handbook on wrought alloys and 93 alloys in the cast

products handbook.

Data Storage and Search : The Standard Handbook ; Wrought Copper and Copper Alloy Products

is compiled in six, separately bound, parts:

Part 1-Tolerances Part 4-Engineering Data

Part 2-Anoy Data Part 5-Sources

Part 3-Terminology Part 6-Specifications Cross Index

The Standard Handbook; Cast Copper and Copper Alloy Products is compiled in one bound

book:

Part 7-Data/Specifications for cast materials

Mechanical properties data are listed in the following two parts of the Standards Handbooks:

Wrought Materials

Tensile strength

Yield strength

Elongation

Rockwell hardness

Shear strength

Fatigue strength

Modulus of elasticity (Tension)

Modulus of rigidity

Part 2-Alloy Data Part 7-Data/Specifications for cast materials

29
Data are listed by CDA copper alloy numbers. For a cross reference to other material identification systems, refer to the following

Part 6-Specifications cross reference for Part 7-Data/Specifications for cast materials

wrought materials

Selectivity of the Data: The data are based on years of experience in the production, specification and purchase of all copper products and are used by the mill product producers as applicable.,, to commercial material.

Timeliness of the Data : The parts of the Standards Handbook which are of interest for mechanical

.'

data were issued at the following times

Part 2-1973 Part 7-1970

These parts have been updated in the past approximately every four years.

Availability: Distribution is unlimited. Copies may be obtained from the Copper Development

Association Inc.

Cost of Access to Data: No cost. It is a technical service to the customers of the copper and brass

'

industry. ;

General Comments : These data were developed for CDA by a committee which represented nearly

all of the producers in the copper and brass industry.

If contacted, CDA will make a search through Copper Data Center for any properties or values

which are not presently covered by the "Standards Handbooks."

While literature of the individual companies in the copper industry is available, the companies

recommend CDA Handbook data be used for general purposes since values presented by one manu- . facturer may vary slightly from the industry in general due to their particular manufacturing set-up

'

or customer requirements.

30
Source 18. Monotonic and Cyclic Properties of Engineering Materials.

Publisher or Custodian : Metallurgy Department, Scientific Research Staff, Ford Motor Company.

Scope: Presents monotonic and cyclic properties for 21 steels, 7 aluminum alloys and 2 cast

irons; in many cases these data are shown for different conditions of heat treatment.

Properties Covered

:

Monotonic properties: Modulus of elasticity, yield strength, ultimate strength, reduction in area, true fracture strength, true fracture ductility, strain hardening exponent, strength coefficient,

true toughness.

Cyclic properties: Yield strength, strain hardening exponent, strength coefficient, fatigue

strength coefficient, fatigue ductility coefficient, fatigue strength exponent, fatigue ductility exponent, transition fatigue life. Both monotonic and fatigue properties are given only for room temperature.

Data on chemistry, heat treatment, and microstructure accompany each data set.

Sources of Data: Data were obtained from six literature sources and from the unpublished

laboratory tests of the Ford Motor Co.

Size of the Data Bank: The data are contained in one spiral-bound volume of about 150 pages.

For each alloy in a given condition of heat treatment, there are usually two pages of data. For

most alloys, data for only one condition of heat treatment are presented ; for others, data for as many as six hardness levels or tempers may be shown.

Data Storage and Search: Data are presented in tabular form as standardized parameter values

and also graphically as stress-strain and cyclic strain-cycles to failure curves. Pages are collected

into sections for steels, cast irons, and aluminum alloys.

Selectivity of the Data: Property tabulations are average values obtained from a small number

of samples. No attempt has been made to evaluate the data or to deal with material variability.

Timeliness of the Data: The current publication bears a June 1972 date. Referenced sources date

from 1963 to 1971 but several of these are themselves secondary rather than primary sources.

Availability: The source is a private document prepared by and for Ford engineering people. It does not, however, contain proprietary information and, therefore, is presumably available to others on a professional courtesy basis.

Cost of Access to Data: See Availability.

General Comments: This is a laudable attempt to effect a compilation of mechanical property

data in a standardized format useful to design, testing, and materials engineers. It suffers from a

restricted scope, restriction to room temperature behavior and lack of statistical reliability.

A convenient appendix presents engineering drawings of each of 10 different specimen designs

used in obtaining the data included in the report. Five literature citations lead to descriptions of

testing techniques.

31
Source 19. Huntington Alloys, Handbook and Supplemental Literature.

Publisher or Custodian: Huntington Alloy Product Division, The International Nickel Company,

Inc., Huntington, West Virginia 25720.

Scope: The Handbook covers the properties of thirty-one commercial nickel alloys with a cross reference to applicable ASTM, AMS, ASME, Military and Federal specifications.

Properties are covered in greater detail in supplemental literature, as follov^^s:

Nickel Alloys

MONEL Nickel-Copper Alloys

INCONEL Alloy 600

INCONEL Alloy 601

INCONEL Alloy 617

INCONEL Alloy 625

INCONEL Alloy 702

INCONEL Alloy 706

INCONEL Alloy 718

INCONEL Alloy X-750

INCOLOY Nickel-Iron-Chromium Alloys

INCOLOY Alloys 800,801,802

INCOLOY Alloy 825

Properties Covered : Handbook provides room temperature data such as

Tensile Strength Density

Yield Strength Modulus of Elasticity

Elongation Poisson's Ratio

Hardness

Supplemental literature provides further data such as

Torsional Strength

Shear Strength

Bearing Strength

Compressive Strength

Impact Strength

Fatigue

Corrosion Fatigue

Tensile Strength

Yield Strength

Elongation

Reduction-of-Area

Tensile

Impact

Fatigue

Notch Fatigue

At room temperature

At elevated temperatures

At low temperatures

Sources of Data: International Nickel Company's Huntington Division has the world's largest mill

devoted exclusively to the manufacture of nickel alloys. They have extensive research facilities which have been the primary source of data on nickel alloys for the last fifty years.

Size of the Data Bank : There are twelve bulletins, as described in Scope paragraph, which provides approximately 290 pages of data. The mechanical properties listed are consistent for all alloys

and are as listed under the Properties Covered paragraph. For further information and data not

covered by the above bulletin a list of offices appears on the back of each bulletin which provides

access to the data accumulated by the research facilities since 1921.

32
Data Storage and Search : Data on all commercial nickel alloys are covered in the Handbook bulletin. A paragraph on mechanical properties is listed with each alloy. The supplementary bulletins,

which cover a specific alloy or alloys, each have a mechanical properties section of approximately

4 or 5 pages.

Selectivity of the Data: The data presented are based on INCO's experience as the primary

producer of nickel alloys and with prior customer requests for information.

With few exceptions the values given are typical or average.

Timeliness of Data: The bulletins are revised as necessary to keep them up to date. The average

time to last revision is less than three years.

Availability: Distribution is unlimited and is available from the Reader Service of the International Nickel Co., Huntington, West Virginia.

Cost of Access to Data: Bulletins are supplied at no cost.

General Comments: These publications are the basic source for mechanical properties of nickel

alloys. They should be supplemented with additional data available through the publisher and

through their contacts with the users of these materials.

33
Source 20. Materials Data Handbooks.

Publisher or Custodian: Western Applied Research and Development, Incorporated, 1403-07

Industrial Road, San Carlos, California 94070.

Scope: This is a series of handbooks, each covering a specific alloy, v^^hich provides information on mechanical properties for the follov^^ing alloys: Aluminum alloys 2014, 2219, 5456, 6061, and

7075 ; Inconel alloy 718 ; Stainless Steel alloy A-286, Stainless Steel type 301 ; and Titanium 6A1-4V.

Properties Covered: Data are given for cryogenic, ambient and elevated temperature environments. The data are presented in two forms: design data and typical data. Properties include:

tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, hardness, impact strength, fatigue strength, creep

strength, modulus of elasticity, welded joint strength, Poisson's ratio, and modulus of rigidity.

Sources of Data: Data listed as design properties are based on procurement specifications, such as

Military, Federal, AMS, and ASTM specifications.

Data listed as typical properties are based on such sources as Aluminum Standards and Data,

Alloy Digest, and Metals Handbook. ,,. ,

Size of the Data Bank: A typical handbook is made up of 100 pages of which approximately 36

are devoted to mechanical properties.

Data Storage and Search: A typical handbook consists of 12 chapters with two chapters covering

mechanical properties. Mechanical properties data are searched under the following chapter

headings

Static Mechanical Properties

Specified properties

Elastic properties and moduli -

' Strength properties

Dynamic and Time Dependent Mechanical Properties

Selectivity of Data: The intent of these handbooks is to present a summary of the materials

property information presently available.

Timeliness of Data: Cost of Access to the Data:

Materials Data Handbook Date Published Materials Data Handbook Cost

Aluminum alloy 2014 -72 Aluminum alloy 2014 $...... Aluminum alloy 2219 3-72 Aluminum alloy 2219 $9.50

Aluminum alloy 5456 6-72 Aluminum alloy 5456 $7.25

Aluminum alloy 6061 5-72 Aluminum alloy 6061 $7.75

Aluminum alloy 7075 4-72 Aluminum alloy 7075 $9.25 Inconel alloy 718 4-72 Inconel alloy 718 $7.75 Stainless steel alloy A-286 6-72 Stainless steel alloy A-286 $7.50

Stainless steel type 301 4-72 Stainless steel type 301 $7.50

Titanium 6A1-4V 5-72 Titanium 6A1-4V $8.25

Availability: Distribution is unlimited. Copies are available from National Technical Information

Service, Springfield, Virginia 22151.

General Comments: These handbooks provide a very complete summary of the mechanical properties information available on each of the alloys covered.

34
Source 21. Metal Progress Data Book, 1973 Edition.

Publisher or Custodian: American Society for Metals, Metals Park, Ohio 44073.

Scope: Paperback notebook containing data sheets extracted from past issues of Metals Progress

magazine. The section on Materials Selections has over 140 pages of mechanical properties data.

Properties Covered: Tensile strength, yield strength, elongation in 2 inches, hardness, reductionin-area, fatigue properties, impact properties, creep properties, stress to rupture properties, abrasion resistance, deflection properties, modulus properties, and hardenability.

Sources of Data: In-field experts from the membership of ASM plus written works of industry,

government, university and foreign sources.

Size of the Data Bank: The data book is 226 pages in length with over half devoted to mechanical

properties data.

Data Storage and Search: The data are presented in three sections, (1) Materials Selection, (2)

Process Engineering, (3) Fabrication Technology. There are only scattered amounts of data in

sections 2 and 3. The data are presented in tables and charts under the various mechanical property

headings. Some figures and graphs are also presented. Section 1 on Material Selection covers: irons

and steels, nonferrous metals and alloys, superalloys, and special duty metals.

Selectivity of the Data: The material is selected by the editors of Metnls Progress magazine.

There is no statistical treatment of the data by the ASM. No references are given.

Timeliness of the Data: The data book is an annual publication.

Availability: Unlimited availability. Copies are obtained from the ASM, Metals Park, Ohio.

Cost of Access to Data: The data book is free with a $25.00 membership to ASM. Advertising in

the data book pays for most of the cost. A single purchase of the data book costs $10.00.

General Comments: The goal of the publisher to keep the engineer up to date on materials and

process technology and processor's know-how is reasonably well met. Lack of good references leaves

the burden of validity on the user.

35

Information Centers

(Sources 22-25)

I

i
Source 22. National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Network of

University-Based Regional Dissemination Centers (RDC's).

Publisher or Custodian: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is the sponsor of

the national network of University-based Regional Dissemination Centers (RDC's). The NASA

Regional Dissemination Centers include

Area

Midwest

East

Southwest

New England

&

Northeast

Southeast

West

RDC

Aerospace Research Applications Center (ARAC)

Indiana University Foundation

Blooming'ton, Indiana 47405

Knowledge Availability Systems Center (KASC)

University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa. 15213

Technology Application Center (TAC)

University of New Mexico, Box 185,

Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106

New England Research Application Center (NERAC)

University of Connecticut

Storrs, Connecticut 06268

North Carolina Science & Technology Research Center (NCSTRC), P.O. Box 12235,

Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709

Western Research Applications Center (WESRAC)

University of Southern California Los Angeles, California 90007

Phone

(812)337-7970

(412)621-3500

Ext. 6352

(505)277-3118

(203)429-6616

(919)549-8291

(213)746-6133

Scope: Each center has the mission to solicit and service fee-paying subscribers for services

involving the selective provision of scientific, technical and other information from a miscellany of

information sources. This mission includes the provision of available technical information on the

mechanical properties of metals.

Properties Covered : Data can be searched on all key mechanical properties such as : tensile, compressive, bend, hardness, impact, fatigue, stress-rupture, creep, and fracture toughness properties.

Lesser-used mechanical property data such as stress relaxation data can also be searched.

Sources of the Data Bank: NASA's data banks include data from: NASA, the Department of

Defense, the Atomic Energy Commission and foreign sources. The Regional Dissemination Centers

are depositories for the U.S. Government publications. In addition, the RDC's University libraries

provide additional information from books and periodicals. Some examples of computerized information sources reported by an RDC (NERAC) include material from:

American Society for Metals

Chemical Abstracts Condensates

Chemical Titles

Engineering Titles

Engineering Index (Compendex)

Institute for Scientific Information

Science Information Exchange

Tie-ins with all world-wide specialized

information centers

The Regional Dissemination Centers can also search computer "softwear" such as tapes, cards,

program listings, and machine-run instructions that come from the NASA COSMIC Center at the

University of Georgia.

Size of the Data Bank: The NASA data bank includes 400,000 to 500,000 reports on 16,000 to 18,000 subjects. One RDC (NERAC) reports having its own library of 1,000,000 volumes, including

20,000 reference books and 7000 periodicals available. An estimate of 10 percent or less of the data

is related to the mechanical properties of metals.

38
Data Storage and Search: Data are stored in hard copy form and computer tape form. Computerized search makes it possible to search as many as one million documents in an eight hour

shift. A client subscriber may ask for a retrospective search on mechanical properties of metals

which would include:

1. Pre-search analysis and search strategy set for obtaining specific mechanical property data

by an assigned specialist.

2. Computerized or manual retrieval of the data and data compilation.

3. Delivery of the data in : evaluated print-out form, hard copy form, or microfiche form along

with analysis where necessary.

In addition to the retrospective search, a selective dissemination service provides

:

1. Development, updating and use of any specific mechanical property interest file by the

assigned specialist for a regular period of time, such as a year.

2. Development of general interest files for a regular period of time.

Selectivity of the Data : The quality of data retrieved depends in part on the skill of the universitytype search specialists in interrogating the data bank and in the selection and elimination procedures used in handling the data retrieved. The data bank has an entire spectrum of data quality

from high to mediocre. Any statistical treatment of the data is only as dependable as was done in

any original investigation.

Timeliness of the Data: The data come primarily from the 1960's as well as from earlier periods.

Availability: The open literature information is available on a world-wide basis. The system

encourages use by small business organizations.

Cost of Access to Data : New clients may pay for searches as performed through a letter of intent or a blanket purchase order. The price of individual searches has varied between $25.00 and $900.00.

Clients are encouraged to prepay an annual retainer for which they receive a ten percent discount.

The minimum annual retainer is $1000.00.

General Comments: The pricing system tends to discourage usage by designers who have to fight

for the money before they can use the system. This is particularly a problem since the specific

nature of the data feedback is unknown in terms of quality and quantity.

39
Source 23. Cryogenics Data Center, National Bureau of Standards.

Publisher or Custodian : Cryogenics Data Center, National Bureau of Standards, Boulder, Colorado

80301

Scope: They acquire and catalog for bibliographic purposes all literature and data of interest in

cryogenics and evaluate and compile low-temperature data on properties of materials.

Properties Covered : The intent is to provide information on all properties including mechanical

properties under low-temperature conditions.

Sources of Data: All literature and data of interest to cryogenics.

Size of Data Bank : There are 80,000 to 85,000 documents on file.

'

Data Storage and Search: Documents are correlated, evaluated, compiled, and stored in a computerized data system.

Selectivity of Data: Information and data from all sources are evaluated and compiled by a staff of experts.

Timeliness of Data: The latest information from world-wide technical literature and data is continually collected and screened for inclusion in the data bank.

Availability : The data is available to anyone on inquiry to the Data Center at Boulder.

Cost of Access to Data: The cost of time required for search. Average cost is approximately

$50.00 per search.

General Comments: This is an excellent source for mechanical properties under low-temperature

conditions which are not available from other sources.

40
Source 24. Copper Data Center.

Battelle Memorial Institute, 505 King Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43201.

Sponsor: Copper Development Association Inc., 405 Lexington Ave., New York, N. Y. 10017.

Scope: Covers copper technology from the refining of metal through the end-use performance

of parts, components and systems made from its mill products. Materials included: copper, copper

alloys, iron and steel w^ith copper as an alloying element, copper chemicals, and also materials which

compete with copper.

Properties Covered : The intent is to provide information on all mechanical properties under all conditions of use.

Sources of Data: Primary emphasis is on current published and unpublished material from world

sources. Published world literature dating back to 1959 is included in a computerized retrieval

system.

Size of the Data Bank: The data bank now contains information and data based on pertinent

published material from 107 sources. There are over 5,000 terms and 20,000 interrelationships stored on computer tape.

Each document put in the system is given a serial number and this number is stored behind

each term used to index it.

Data Storage and Search : Data are correlated and stored in a computerized Data Center and are immediately available through technical specialists at the Data Center.

Selectivity of Data: Information and data from both published and unpublished sources are col- lected and screened by specialists at Battelle. Each document selected for inclusion is sent for

evaluation to one of 90 engineers and scientists who are the staff of experts that guides the program

technically.

Timeliness of the Data: The latest information from world-wide technical data and information

is continually collected and screened for inclusion.

Availability: The Copper Data Center serves the users of copper and copper alloys in two ways

:

User-Oriented Data: Using the Data Center facilities, specialists prepare application data

sheets, technical reports, and handbooks. A comprehensive, computer-coded field-of-interest register

is maintained for prompt and accurate distribution of these publications. Requests for individual

listing in this interest-register may be addressed to CDA in New York or to Copper Data Center

at Battelle in Columbus.

Special Service: Engineers needing special information and data on the applications and

performance of copper and copper alloys can contact CDA or Battelle for assistance. The same

technical specialists working in the Data Center program who monitor and evaluate information on copper technology going into the center also research and respond to written or telephoned

requests for assistance on specific topics. When required, computer searches are made. The requester

gets the information or data as soon as possible and in usable form.

Cost of Access to Data: No charge. It is a technical service to the customers of the copper and

brass industry.

General Comments: This is an excellent source for mechanical properties which are not readily

available from other sources.

41
Source 25. Mechanical Properties Data Center, Belfour Stulen, Inc.,

13919 West Bay Shore Drive, Traverse City, Michigan 49684.

Publisher or Custodian: Same as above. This data center is sponsored by the Defense SupplyAgency and monitored by the U.S. Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center.

Scope: This description covers the Search Service of their data bank vs^hich supplements their

publications, The Structural Alloys Handbook, and The Aerospace Structural Metals Handbook.

(q.v.) This service is primarily useful for alloys not included in the above handbooks and for tests

in a specific mode or environment.

Properties Covered: Room temperature mechanical properties include: tensile, yield, elongation,

reduction-of-area, notched tensile strength, joint tension, tensile fracture toughness, compressive

strength, fastener shear, block shear, sheet shear, and joint shear, punch shear, bolt, pin or rivet

bearing strength, pressure vessel burst strength, hardness, hardenability, notched and unnotched

fatigue data, low cycle fatigue data, crack rate propagation data, impact (Charpy or Izod) strength,

drop-weight impact data, bending fracture toughness data, stress-corrosion data, stress-strain curves, and true stress-strain data.

Elevated and low temperature properties include: tensile data, tensile creep, compression

creep, stress-rupture properties, impact data, fracture toughness data, shear and bearing strength

properties.

Included are data on corrosion, oxidation, hydrogen embrittlement, heat treatment, workability,

machinability, weldability.

Source of Data: The data input are reports of U.S. Government sponsored research and development programs with a large amount of producers' literature and some foreign documents.

Size of the Data Bank : The MPDC data bank has over one million test results on approximately

5000 different metals and alloys. There are more than 40,000 technical documents used for data

input.

Data Storage and Search : The over one million test results in the data bank are categorized into

25 different types of testing. Information can be requested on mechanical properties for all type

alloys, test conditions and specimen configurations.

Selectivity of the Data: Input data comes from a metals properties library of more than 40,000

documents. Test definitions and test conditions are variable. There are no interpretive theories or

statistical analysis. The bulk of the data are not design values but rather test results. The designer

must make his own analysis, using the given data. The results may be requested as a reference list or an actual printout of the test results.

Timeliness of the Data: In addition to the existing data file and library, test data from new

reports are coded and assimilated into the computer memory each month to constantly update the

computer file.

Availability: Anyone can contact the MPDC and request information on mechanical properties.

Cost of Access to the Data: For a nominal fee the user can request results from all test programs

pertaining to a specific alloy. If no data exist, there is no fee.

General Comments: This is an excellent source for mechanical properties which are not readily

available from other sources.

42
Foreign

Information Sources

(Sources 26-30)
Source 26. National Research Institute for Metals (Japan).

NRIM Creep Data Sheets.

Publisher or Custodian: Creep Testing Division, National Research Institute for Metals, 2-3-12

Nakameguro, Meguro, Tokyo 153, Japan. " '" •

Scope: These data are from a systematic program of creep and rupture tests for defining more

exactly the properties of high temperature materials in practical use. i^-f/^^T r,r :.i

Properties Covered: Tensile tests, creep and creep-rupture tests. Creep tests now in progress will run to 100.000 hours.

Source of Data: A new creep laboratory built by National Research Institute for Metals in 1%7

and completed in 1968. They have 1100 single-specimen tensile creep-testing machines with 3500

testing points.

Size of Data Bank: Data have been or are being prepared on high-temperature materials, as

follows: ^.-,,y.

Data Sheets

Similar ASTM i published

Material Material Specification Specification to 1972

Steel Plate JIS SB48 A515-70

Steel Plate JIS SBV IB A302-B

Steel Plate JIS SPV 50

Steel Plate ASTM A387-C A387-C • Steel Plate ASTM A387-D A387-D

Steel Plate JIS SUS 32 HP A240-316

'

Steel Tubes JIS STB42 A210-A1

Steel Tubes JIS STBA 12 A209-T1

Steel Tubes ASTM A213-T2 A213-T2 . . .,

j Steel Tubes JIS STBA 22 A213-T12

Steel Tubes JIS STBA 23 A213-T11 -'^iM.-^ ; Steel Tubes JIS STBA 24 A213-T22 X

Steel Tubes JIS STBA 25 A213-T5

Steel Tubes JIS STBA 26 A213-T9

Steel Tubes JIS SUS 27 HTB A213 TP304H

Steel Tubes JIS SUS 29 HTB A213 TP321H X

Steel Tubes JIS SUS 32 HTB A213 TP316H X

Steel Tubes JIS SUS 43 HTB ; A213 TP347H ; - j

Steel Forging Bars ASTM A470-8 A470-8

Steel Forging Bars JIS SUS SOB 276-403

Steel Forging Bars ASTM A565-616 565-616

Steel Forging Bars JIS SUS 32B 276-316 •

Steel Castings ASTM 356-9 356-9

Steel Castings ASTM 357-HK40 357-HK40

44
Material Material Specification

Similar ASTM

Specification

Data Sheets

published

to 1972 Heat Resisting Alloys

Iron Base

Iron Base

Iron Base

Iron Base

Iron Base

Iron Base

Iron Base

Iron Base

Iron Base

AMS

AMS

AMS

AMS

AMS

AMS

AMS

JIS

JIS

5732C

5734 B

5737D

5770B

5376B

5768E

57G9A

NCF2P

A 461-661 A 567-3 A 639-661 B407

B409

A 461-660 A 638-660

NCF2TB

Nickel Base

Nickel Base

Nickel Base

AMS 5384, 5751A

(Inconel 700 trade name)

AMS 5391 A567-7V

Cobalt Base (X45 trade name) (25Cr-10Ni-7.5W-Fe-B)

Data Storage and Search : All data are presented in tabular form for each material, as follows

:

For creep-rupture, the time to rupture, as well as elongation and reduction of area are presented

for each stress. . , ,

Selectivity of the Data: These data are from a systematic program of creep and rupture tests for

defining more exactly the high temperature properties of materials.

Timeliness of the Data: This is a continuing program and Data Sheets will be published at creep

test times of 10,000 hours, 30,000 hours and 100,000 hours.

Availability : Copies are available from the Creep Testing Division, National Research Institute for

Metals, Japan.

Cost of Access to Data : Contact publisher for cost.

General Comments: This is a prime source for high temperature mechanical properties for the

materials listed under Size of the Data Bank.

Details of steel making process

Results of chemical analysis

Short time tensile properties

Creep-rupture data

45
Source 27. Data Items. ?

: The Engineering Sciences Data Unit (England). ' ' ' '

•

Publisher or Custodian: Engineering Sciences Data Unit, Ltd., 251-259 Regent St., London WIR

TAD, ENGLAND

Scope: Data Items provide practical technical information in monograph form on working design

information and physical data for design engineers. Certain of these Data Items provide organized

data on mechanical properties of a few alloys (mostly aluminum and steel alloys), but most of the

collection is not directly pertinent to the mechanical properties of metals and alloys. In general, the

data provided on metals are more oriented to structure analysis and design than to properties. ^

Properties Covered: Fatigue and other mechanical data on some alloys of aluminum, steel, and

titanium are covered, including the effects on fatigue of notches, screw threads, surface condition

and treatment, microstructure, and impurities. Some illustrative Data Item titles are as follows:

No. 71027, Endurance of High Strength Steels (in bending); No. 72015, Endurance of Aluminum

Alloy Structural Elements Subjected to Simulated Acoustic Loading; No. Struct 00.02.01, Standardised Stress-Strain Ctirves for Aluminum Alloys; No. 68044, Fatigue Strength of Cold-Rolled

Titanium Alloy Screw Threads under Axial Loading; and No. Struct 00.01.01, Properties of

Materials in Compression.

Sources of Data: Data Items incorporate authoritative information, both published and unpublished, obtained from the pertinent literature (sources indicated in a bibliography in each Data

Item) and from expert associates in industry, research, and teaching.

Size of the Data Bank : Most of the Data Items of interest for the mechanical properties of metals

and alloys appear under the Aeronautical Series in the Fatigue (F) Sub-Series or, especially before

1965, in the Structures (S) Sub-Series. It is estimated that about 20 or so Data Items, typically of

7 to 20 pages each, cover the heart of mechanical property data on specific metals and alloys available from this collection. It is estimated that over 90 percent of the material contained in the 11

volumes of the F and S Sub-Series is not pertinent to mechanical properties of materials, but is oriented toward structural design in the analytical mechanics sense.

Data Storage and Search: Information in this source appears in monograph units called Data

Items which are printed on rather heavy, durable paper, collected in binders, and organized into

Series and Sub-Series. Data are searched by using a keyword index (rated fair by the reviewer)

and by titles of Data Items under appropriate Sub-Series. (The Fatigue and the Structures SubSeries under the Aeronautical Series appear to be the prime areas of search for mechanical

properties of m.etals.)

Selectivity of the Data: ESDU engineers make a critical assessment of available data on a subject

deemed of sufficiently broad interest to issue a Data Item. They resolve conflicts and concentrate

the data into graphs, tables, and equations as appropriate. All stages of the work are carried out

in association with an international technical committee (heavily British in the past), drawn from

industry, research, and teaching and including typical users of the data to be published. The technical committee meets as often as 10 times a year to review in detail the work of the ESDU staff and to validate the outcome. The final data are presented in the form considered most useful to the design engineer with tolerances and limits of applicability included.

46
Timeliness of the Data: New Data Items are published as need is ascertained from industrial

feedback (about 20-40 new Data Items per year), and Amendments are issued on existing Data

Items for updating as additional information becomes available. In 1971, about 28 new Data Items

and about 23 Amendments were issued. About one-third of the outstanding Data Items have been

issued since 1965 with the earliest dated in 1943.

Availability: Distribution is unlimited. Copies of individual Data Items or of collected volumes

are available from Engineering Data Sales, Ltd., 34 Haymarket, London SWIY 4 HZ, England.

Cost of Access to Data: Individual Data Items can be ordered at a cost of from £3.00 to £61.00,

depending on the cost classification of that Data Item. Discounts are available to Associates and to Educational Associates. One becomes an Associate by ordering one or more Sub-Series and agreeing

to pay for Supplementary Issues as they are completed and distributed. The Fatigue Sub-Series

of three volumes (now four volumes) was listed at £370.00 in August 1972. Associates are entitled to consult freely with the ESDU staff by telephone, correspondence, or in person concerning the use of the Data Items they hold, on the extension of the data, or on the availability of other data.

General Comments: The data are mostly product oriented. Fatigue information is useful for the

limited number of alloys covered. The material information is incidental to the main purpose of

providing technical information on structural configuration design. ESDU was originally established

to serve the aviation industry. Its scope has been broader since 1965, but its data bank still shows

its past aviation orientation.

47
Source 28. Werkstoffedatenbank Verein Deutscher Eisenhuttenleute (VDEh)

(West Germany).

Publisher or Custodian: Verein Deutscher Eisenhiittenleute, Betriebsforschungsinstitut im

VDEh, Sohnstrasse 65, Dusseldorf 4, West Germany.

Scope: Includes mechanical property data and related physical properties of German commercial

steels and iron-based alloys.

Properties Covered: Yield point, flow stress, tensile strength, fracture elongation, reduction-iri- area, notch impact strength, Brinell hardness, Vickers hardness, Rockwell hardness, creep strength,

creep strain at fracture, reduction-in-area in creep. Young's modulus, bulk modulus, Poisson's

ratio, and sound velocity. Property data are given for room temperature and frequently for high

and low temperatures as well. Related, non-mechanical properties sometimes provided include:

density, electrical resistivity, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, thermal expansion coefficient, specific heat, and specific enthalpy.

Sources of Data: Data are obtained from the laboratories of the Betriebsforschungsinstitut or from the laboratories of the component companies supporting the VDEh. Records are coded to indicate source, specimen size and type etc.

Size of the Data Bank: About 200 steels are covered in the system incorporating about 5800

records. A record is defined as one data set comprising the properties for one composition produced

by a given melting practice and with a certain heat treatment.

Data Storage and Search: All i ta are stored in a computer file which can either be interrogated

for specific property information on a given steel or commanded to produce an x-y plot of the

parameter dependence of a desired property, e.g., the temperature dependence of the yield point.

Where more than single points exist, the output selected may be in the form of the coefficients

of a parametric equation, a frequency distribution plot, statistical mean with standard deviation, or a probability plot.

Selectivity of the Data: Data for input to the system are compiled by the source laboratories.

This work is facilitated by a standardized questionnaire from which data are keypunched for entry

into the data bank. These cards are checked for use of proper units, correct placement of entries on

the card and accuracy of transcription but no technical evaluation is made. Scatter of values in

the data thus includes variations in the test material itself (composition, heat treatment, etc.) and

variations in the tests.

Timeliness of the Data : This data bank was begun about 1969 and additional input is continually

being accumulated. It is not clear what means, if any, are used to expunge obsolete or incorrect data.

Availability : Access is restricted to the member firms of VDEh. The data bank is in the process

of incorporation into a West German federal materials data bank. When this is operational, new

rules of availability will undoubtedly prevail.

• '

Cost of Access : See availability. " '

General Comments: The principal limitations are those of scope and selectivity. The outstanding

feature is the full computerization, which conceptually lends itself to many useful forms of interrogation, display, and print-out. •• . •,

48
Source 29. BSCC High Temperature Data (British),

Publisher or Custodian : Westerham Press, Westerham, Kent, England.

Scope: The BSCC High Temperature Data provides higli temperature mechanical properties on

six main groups of carbon steels, five groups of alloy steels, four groups of carbon steels, and ten

groups of British Standard steels. BSCC stands for the British Steel Creep Committee.

Properties Covered: Properties include: long term creep rupture and elevated temperature tensile

data. Tensile data include: lower yield stress, 0.2 percent proof stress, 1.0 percent proof stress,

tensile strength, elongation, reduction-of-area.

Sources of Data: The BSCC High Temperature Data was compiled by the Corporate Laboratories

of the British Steel Corporation. Data contributors include: the General Steels, Tubes, and Special

Steels Divisions of the British Steel Corporation; Tube Investments, Ltd.; Brown Bayley Steels, Ltd.;

Thos. Firth & John Brown Group; Electrical Research Association; and National Engineering

Laboratory. Preparation was by the British Steelmakers Creep Committee which is the United

Kingdom authority on elevated temperature property data.

Size of the Data Bank: The data are stored in hard cover book form. There are 735 pages. Over

90 percent of the book is comprised of numerical mechanical property data.

Data Storage and Search: The BSCC High Temperature Data book is divided into four parts: •

1. Carbon and Carbon-Manganese Steels

Semi-Killed Carbon and Carbon-Manganese Steels

Silicon-Killed Carbon and Carbon Manganese-Steels

Silicon-Killed, Aluminum Treated, Carbon and Carbon-Manganese Steels

2. Alloy Steels

1/2 Chromium, 14 Molybdenum, 14 Vanadium Steels

1 Chromium, 1/0 Molybdenum Steels

2Yi, Chromium, 1 Molybdenum Steels

9 Chromium, 1 Molybdenum Steels

12 Chromium, Molybdenum, Vanadium Steels

3. Austenitic Steels

18 Chromium, 8 Nickel Steels (Type 304)

18 Chromium, 12 Nickel, Molybdenum Steels (Type 316)

18 Chromium, 10 Nickel, Titanium Steels (Type 321)

18 Chromium, 12 Nickel, Niobium Steels (Type 347)

'

4. Steels to British Standards

Semi-Killed, Niobium-Treated, Carbon and Carbon-Manganese Steels

Silicon-Killed, Niobium Treated, Carbon and Carbon-Manganese Steels

Molybdenum-Boron Steels (BS 1501-261)

Manganese, Chromium, Molybdenum, Vanadium; and Nickel, Chromium, Molybdenum

Vanadium Steels (BS 1501-271 and BS 1501-281)

Nickel, Chromium, Molybdenum Vanadium Steels (BS 1501-282)

Tables for each part include details of test materials, tensile results, stress-rupture results.

Graphs are presented under Tensile Graphs and Stress-Rupture Graphs.

49
Selectivity of the Data: The BSCC High Temperature Data book contains data taken from leading

steelmakers in England, prepared and selected by experts in the field.

Timeliness of the Data: The data pool was started in 1950 and has been increased and improved

every year since. The book is dated 1972.

Availability : The data are unlimited in distribution.

Correspondence for the book may be made with

The Iron and Steel Institute

1 Charlton House Terrace

London SWIY5DB

England

The book is also available directly from the Westerham Press, Westerham, Kent, England.

Cost of Access to Data: The BSCC High Temperature Data book costs £15 to nonmembers and

£12 to members of the Iron and Steel Institute.

General Comments: The details of test materials given in the "BSCC High Temperature Data"

are a good feature, usually not given with tabulated data. The graphical curves are presented

conservatively bounding lower data points. There are more stress-rupture data than creep data

reported.

50
Source 30. Iron and Steel Industry Profile (ISIP)

.

Mecharica] Properties and Material Defects; Profile Group E.

Publisher or Custodian: The Iron and Steel Institute (British), Selective Dissemination of Information Service, 1 Charlton House Terrace, London SWIY5DB, England.

Scope: The Iron and Steel Industry Profile {ISIP) Profile Group E sheets are a weekly publication concerning mechanical properties and materials defects of steels used throughout the world.

Properties Covered: The ISIP sheets provide a wide variety of mechanical properties data at room and elevated temperature in summary form taken from other publications.

Sources of Data: The ISIP profile sheets are compiled by the staff of the Iron and Steel Institute

from a world-wide file of new publications.

Size of the Data Bank : The ISIP profile sheets consist of 1 or 2 pages issued each week. The sheets

are completely devoted to mechanical properties. Only about 5 percent of the data is numerical.

Data Storage and Search: The ISIP profile sheets divide information under the following

categories:

Testing of Materials Properties Found

Materials Defects

The first category contains the mechanical properties information of primary interest to a

designer. The second category is of more interest to the research metallurgist.

Selectivity of Data: The ISIP profile sheet topics are selected from new literature in the field by

technical people of the Iron and Steel Institute.

Timeliness of the Data: The ISIP profile sheets represent very current data, one or two years old.

Availability: The data are unlimited in distribution.

Correspondence for the ISIP sheets may be addressed to : The Iron and Steel Institute, London,

England.

Cost of Access to Data: The ISIP profile sheets are available on a subscription fee basis on request.

General Comments: The ISIP profile sheets are too abbreviated to be good data sources alone

without going to original documents.

51

Technical Society

Data Publications

(Sources 31-34)
Source 31. American National Standards.

Publisher or Custodian: American National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York,

New York 10018.

Scope: Provides information on mechanical properties for approximately 420 commercial metals

and alloys.

Properties Covered: ANSI standards for metals and alloys are all ASTM specifications. They

usually define the chemical composition and those mechanical properties that are necessary to control the quality of the product. For a more detailed description refer to the write-up on ASTM.

Sources of Data : ANSI does not prepare or develop property data for materials. These data were

prepared by ASTM.

Size of the Data Bank: There are approximately 420 standards for metals and alloys.

Data Storage and Search : Each standard is published as a separate document and is listed in the

ANSI 1973 catalog under one of the following sections:

G Ferrous materials and metallurgy

H Nonferrous materials and metallurgy

Selectivity of Data: Since these data are prepared by ASTM, please refer to the write-up on

Source 34 for this information.

Timeliness of the Data: Same as above.

Availability: Distribution is unlimited. Copies are available from American National Standards

Institute.

Cost of Access to Data: The applicable standards are all priced at $1.50 per single copy.

General Comments : These specifications are a duplicate of ASTM specifications but at present do

not include all of the ASTM specifications in this area.

54
Source 32. ASME Handbook: Metals Engineering-Properties.

Publisher or Custodian : The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

Scope: Provides information on mechanical properties for 345 ferrous materials in the following

categories

:

Properties Covered : The basic format includes : tensile strength, yield strength, hardness, endurance limit, and modulus of elasticity. For ferrous materials, impact strength and creep are also

included.

Source of Data : The compilation of this material was done at Battelle Memorial Institute.

Size of the Data Bank: The book has 433 pages and is permanently bound. The entire book is devoted to chemical and mechanical properties.

Data Storage and Search : All metals included are indexed under Contents in the front of the book.

Metals of a kind are grouped together. An ascending numerical sequence of designation (the commercial industry designation) is followed. All data for each metal are reproduced under the designation for that metal.

Selectivity of Data: The values used are actual test values for a single specimen or average values

obtained in production practice.

Timeliness: This book was issued in 1954 and covers the commercial metals of that time.

Availability: Distribution is unlimited through: ASME Order Department, United Engineering

Center, 345 East 47th Street, New York, New York 10017.

Cost of Access to Data: The Handbook sells for $17.50 per copy.

General Comments: The book should be updated but ASME has no present plans to do so. The

constant change in the field of engineering materials results in old items that are no longer significant, and new active items that are missing. Also, the industry designations for Copper and CopperBase Alloys and for Aluminum and Aluminum-Base Alloys have completely changed from the

designation systems used at the time of publication of this book.

Iron

Cast Iron

Cast Steel

Wrought Steel, Stainless

ASTM Steels

AISI Steels

Also for 216 nonferrous materials, as follows:

Copper

Aluminum

Zinc

Lead

Tin

Magnesium

55
Source 33. Publications of the American Society for Metals.

Publisher or Custodian: American Society for Metals, Metals Park, Ohio 44073.

Scope: The American Society for Metals is an 38,000 member organization with six major promotional goals in the field of metals and engineering materials: (1) Communications, (2) Meetings,

(3) Education, (4) Unity of field, i.e., interdisciplinary field of metals, (5) Interrelationship among

Engineers, Scientists, and Technologists, (6) Professional responsibility and public understanding.

The organization allocates 62 percent of its resources to technical periodical and reference publications, 14 percent to scientific and engineering conferences and exhibits, 9 percent to metals information, 8 percent to education with the balance going to membership and general services. Mechanical

properties are presented at random in all of the above activities.

Properties Covered: Nearly every mechanical property known has been- randomly reported in the

various activities of the ASM. (See also Metals Handbook and Metal Progress Data Book).

Sources of Data: In-field experts from the membership plus associates from all over the world

prepare the various publications and services. A small permanent ASM staff of less than 100 people

coordinate the activities.

Size of the Data Bank : Indeterminate Separate groups of ASM involve : metal information, education, conferences, publications.

Data Storage and Search: Random storage and search for mechanical properties is the general

mode for all the ASM books, conferences, journals, and magazines. The Information Retrieval

Service of the ASM is the easiest way to get at the data for a fee.

Selectivity of the Data: Input data are selected by the editors of The American Society for Metals

and by member-selected special panels of experts. There is no consistent attempt to specially

present mechanical property data over processing and fabrication data, heat treatment data,

welding data, forging data, machining data, finishing data or theoretical technical information.

There is no statistical treatment of the data unless individual authors choose to do so.

Timeliness of the Data: Abstract information dates back to January 1967. Magazines, journals,

conferences, and courses are highly current representing work now being done or done within the

past two years approximately.

Availability: Publications and conferences are open to the technical people of the entire world.

Most of the ASM activities are within North America. The ASM in Metals Park, Ohio should be

consulted for specific publications.

Cost of Access to Data : Cost vary, consult ASM, Metals Park, Ohio.

General Comments: Mechanical properties are not easily extracted from the large coverage of

metals information by the ASM. The Metals Progress Data Book is the most concentrated source

of mechanical property information other than the Metals Handbook. For a serious search of

specific mechanical properties, the Information Retrieval Service of ASM should be consulted.

56
Source 34. ASTM Annual Book of Standards and the associated data services of the

American Society for Testing and Materials.

Publisher or Custodian: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, Pa. 19103.

Scope: Provides information on mechanical properties for approximately 1100 metals and alloys

in the ASTM Annual Book of Standards and in its special technical publications.

Properties Covered: In the ASTM Annual Book of Standards, mechanical properties are specified

only where they are necessary to control the quality of the product. Occasionally, supplemental

information is provided with expanded mechanical properties requirements. There are also

appendices and footnotes to the specification standards which provide added mechanical property

information. Tensile properties are almost' always the key controlling mechanical properties in

the specification standards. Various other mechanical properties that sometimes supplement the

tensile data or may appear separately are:

Bend test data, hardness data, notched and unnotched impact test data, fracture transition

temperature data, hydraulic and ring expansion test data, proof test data, strain gage data,

microstructure and inclusion data, creep, creep-rupture and stress-rupture data, bearing

strength properties, elastic properties, radiation hardening data, compression data, dropweight test data, fatigue data, and stress relaxation data.

In addition to the ASTM Anmml Book of Standards, there are other data services of ASTM,

including: ASTM Journal of Testing and Evaluation, ASTM Standardization Nevjs, Special

Technical Publications, and Data Series, some of which are directly involved with mechanical

properties.

Sources of Data: Data originate with the members of ASTM, including consumers, producers

and a general interest group composed of engineers, scientists, educators, testing experts, and

research workers. Specification standards are adopted for publication only when approved by a

series of votes by the membership. ASTM technical papers are edited by special committees made

up of members and staff of the ASTM. Data obtained by the Metal Properties Council are frequently presented in these technical papers.

Size of the Data Bank: There are 47 bound parts in the ASTM Annual Book of Standards.

Each part is 500 to 1000 pages in length. There are over 33,000 total pages and over 5000 standards. Twelve of the parts or about one-fourth of the total number of standards are devoted to metallic materials. The quantity of mechanical properties in the twelve parts is limited. Typically

data for a single specification are given with two mechanical property parameters such as yield

strength and tensile strength, or hardness and bend angle. By contrast, the ASTM data services

include considerable mechanical property data in special technical publications. As examples,

publication STP370 covers Structure and Properties of Ultrahigh Strength Steels, presenting

150 pages of mechanical property data. STP459 covers Fatigue at High Temperatures. Each year,

ASTM lists around forty publications of STP's in the ASTM PUBLICATIONS booklet.

Data Storage and Search: Data for the ASTM Annual Book of Standards are stored as printed

pages in annual bound parts. Data are searched using a Subject Index for situations where specification number is unknown or a Numeric List when the specification number is known. The fol- lowing Parts include mechanical property as well as other information on metals and alloys:

57
steel Piping, Tubing, and Fittings . . . • Ferrous Castings; Ferroalloys

Steel Plate, Sheet, Strip, and Wire; Metallic Coated Products

Structural Steel ; Concrete Reinforcing Steel ; Pressure Vessel Plate ; Steel Rails,

Wheels, and Tires

Steel Bars, Chain, and Springs ; Bearing Steel ; Steel Forgings

Copper and Copper Alloys

Die-Cast Metals ; Light Metals and Alloys

Nonferrous Metals-Nickel. Lead, and Tin Alloys, Precious Metals, Primary

Metals ; Reactive Metals

Electrodeposited ^Metallic Coatings ; IMetal Powders, Sintered P 'M Structural :/ Parts ]

Metals-Mechanical, Fracture, and Corrosion Testing; Fatigue; Erosion; Effect/

of Temperature J , Metallography; Nondestructive Tests 4

Magnetic Properties; Metallic Materials for Thermostats and for Electrical /

Resistance, Heating, and Contacts; Temperature Measurement y

, Nuclear Standards ' ; -a/

To assist in promoting the knowledge of materials of engineering, ASTM issues a five year

Index to ASTM Technical Papers and Reports. The index provides detailed author and subject

listings to all proceedings, Materials Research and Standards reports, and special technical publications issued in the five year time span.

Selectivity of the Data: Proposed standards are drawn up by ASTM members who contribute

the input technical data on mechanical property requirements. The Society then follows a three

step procedure:

(1) Technically qualified committees and members of ASTM study proposed standards extensively, debate on their acceptability, and vote on adoption of the standards.

(2) Before standards are formally adopted, the principal persons concerned—consumers,

producers, and general interests—agree on the necessary requirements.

(3) As the need arises, requirements for standards are revised.

The ASTM Committee on Papers and Publications has jurisdiction in all matters relating

to publications such as: papers from technical symposia, reports by ASTM technical committees,

special books and compilations of data developed in special Society groups with many organizations

cooperating. Some criteria used in judging the publications are:

(1) Whether or not subject matter promotes the knowledge of the properties of materials.

(2) Whether or not contents are of an advertising value.

(3) Whether or not subject matter is of a speculative nature.

(4) Whether or not subject matter is new.

(5) Literary form, ethical and legal considerations.

Timeliness of the Data: The Annual Book of ASTM Standards has on the average 30 percent

of each part revised or presented new each year. They are issued annually as new bound books.

Each standard has the year of last revision or approval suffixed to its numeric designation. There

is a five year revision or reapproval requirement for published standards to remain in the system.

The specifications in the ASTM Annual Book of Standards nearly all fall within the 1964 to 1972

time span. For other ASTM papers and publications, a lead time of approximately two years lies between the originating date and the final publication date.

Part 1 Part 2

Part 3

Part 4

Part 5 Part 6

Part 7 Part 8

Part 9

Part 10

Part 11

Part 44

Part 45

58
Availability: Distribution is unlimited. Copies are available from ASTM. ASTM PUBLICATIONS

booklet is free.

Cost of Access to Data: Separate standards for the ASTM Annual Book of Standards are

priced at $1.50 each. Special quantity prices are also available. Papers and publications generally

are priced from under $10.00 up to around $50.00 each. No search function is provided by the

publisher or custodian.

General Comments: The amount of mechanical property data that can be extracted from the

ASTM Annual Book of Standards u small and requires a lot of searching. The data that are given,

however, are key requirement data, useful to a designer who wants a practical idea of his safety

margins. The properties given are minimum or maximum values and not mean values. Values

are generally on the safe side of the normal data distribution even though no formal statistical

distributions may have been calculated by the input authors. Many of the other ASTM papers

and publications which cover the mechanical property field are excellent in data content, particularly in areas such as fracture analysis and stress-corrosion. In contrast to the ASTM Annual

Book of Standards, the papers and special publications are presented opportunistically as information becomes available and there is no procedure to update, correct or revise past publications.

Much of the data output from the work of the Metal Properties Council appears in one or another

of the ASTM publications.

59

Trade Association

Data Publications

(Sources 35-39)
Source 35. Engineering Data File; Steel Castings Handbook.

Publisher or Custodian: Steel Founders Society of America, Westview Towers, 21010 Center

Ridge Road, Rocky River, Ohio 44116.

Scope: Tabulates the composition and properties of a wide variety of steel castings at room and

various temperatures.

Properties Covered

Engineering Data File—Minimum mechanical properties as follows: tensile strength, yield

strength, elongation, reduction-of-area, bend, impact strength and hardness.

Steel Castings Handbook—Provides handbook information on impact strength, fatigue

strength, low temperature impact strength and high temperature creep properties as well as properties from the Engineering Data File.

Sources of Data:

Engineering Data File—Data listed are based on the specification requirements of ASTM,

SAE, AAR (Association of American Railroads), ABS (American Bureau of Shipping), Lloyds,

Federal and Military.

Steel Castings Handbook—Data listed are based on all available literature on the subjects

covered, as well as unpublished information made available through research by the Steel Founders'

Society and qualified individuals and companies within the steel casting industry.

Size of Data Bank:

Engineering Data File consists of 13 sections, three of which contain mechanical properties

data.

Steel Castings Handbook consists of 952 pages of which approximately 200 are devoted to mechanical properties.

Data Storage and Search

Engineering Data File has presented mechanical properties in three sections; Specifications,

General Properties, and Heat-Resistant and Corrosion-Resistant Cast High Alloys.

Steel Castings Handbook mechanical properties data are covered in 5 of the 27 chapters. They

are identified as chapters covering mechanical properties or are included in chapters covering

properties of various classes of steel castings.

Selectivity of Data:

The Engineering Data File was prepared by the Specifications Committee of the Steel Founders'

Society.

The Steel Castings Handbook has been in existence for 30 years and is updated at regular

intervals. The last revision was made in 1970 by the Handbook Committee, which had representatives from 16 of the steel casting companies and represented 2 years of effort.

Timeliness of the Data: The data sheets in the Engineering Data File are more up to date than

the Steel Castings Handbook, and cover each grade in greater detail.

Engineering Data File Revised January 1, 1971

Steel Castings Handbook Revised 1970

Availability: Distribution is unlimited from the Steel Founders' Society.

62
Cost of Access to Data:

Engineering Data File $ 3.00

Steel Castings Handbook $10.00

General Comments:

These publications have listed mechanical properties for the commercial steel alloy castings.

The Steel Founders' Society is representative of this industry and has committees which

develop and maintain up-to-date data in this area. , .

..

63
Source 36. Publication, Lead.

Publisher or Custodian: Lead Industries Association, Inc., 292 Madison Avenue, New York,

New York 10017.

Scope: Presents monotonic and cyclic mechanical properties for the commercial grades of lead.

Properties Covered

Monotonic properties : Tensile strength, elongation, hardness and creep. Cyclic properties : Resistance to bending and fatigue.

Sources of Data : Data were obtained from LIA's own files and experience, close industry contact

arid research.

Size of the Data Bank: Approximately i/> page of data.

Date Storage and Search: Data are presented in tabular form as typical values. In addition the

Association maintains an extensive library of publications with data pertaining to lead. Access to

this information may be obtained by inquiry to their Technical Service Department.

Selectivity of Data: The values given are typical or average and were based on data furnished by

the corporate members of the Lead Industries Association.

Timeliness of the Data: The current publication bears a 1972 date.

Availability: Distribution is un mited. Copies may be obtained from the Lead Industries Association, Incorporated. '

Cost of Access to Data: The publication is available free in reasonable quantities.

General Comments: Lead has low strength and application is usually based on other characteristics

than mechanical properties. For this reason there are limited data published by the Lead Industries

Association on mechanical properties while they have many publications with data for specific

types of application.

64
Source 37. Properties of Tin ; Properties of Tin Alloys.

Publisher or Custodian: Tin Research Institute, Inc., 483 West Sixth Avenue, Columbus Ohio

43201.

Scope

:

Properties of Tin—Data generally refer to tin of 99.99 percent purity.

Properties of Tin Alloys—Provides data on 35 different alloy systems.

Properties Covered

:

Properties of Tin

Modulus of Elasticity Shear Strength

Modulus of Rigidity Fatigue Strength

Poisson's Ratio Creep

Limit of Proportionality Damping Capacity

Compressibility Hardness

Tensile Properties

Properties of Tin Alloys—Hardness and tensile properties are considered to be of most importance and are covered for all alloys. Other properties are covered where the information was

available in published literature or from work carried out at the Tin Institute.

Sources of Data

:

Properties of Tin—This information was originally compiled by E. S. Hedges and C. E. Homer

and the Tin Research Institute continues to collect and study new data.

Properties of Tin Alloys—The information is based largely on published literature and hitherto

unpublished work carried out for the Tin Research Institute.

Size of the Data Bank

:

Properties of Tin—9 pages

Properties of Tin Alloys—43 pages

Date Storage and Search

:

Properties of Tin—Mechanical properties are indexed in the front of the publication.

Properties of Tin Alloys—The Table of Contents in the front of the publication indexes the

various systems and lists the properties covered for each of the alloy systems.

Selectivity of the Data : The values given for mechanical properties are based on the recommendations of authoritative committees or other selecting bodies. Appropriate references are given for

the source of data for each property.

Timeliness of Data : The data were originally compiled for Properties of Tin in 1934, revised in

1954, and reprinted in 1965. Properties of Tin Alloys was compiled in 1947, and reprinted in 1965.

The Tin Institute has continued to collect and study new data and to update these publications as

necessary.

65
Availability : Distribution is unlimited. Copies may be obtained from the Tin Research Institute.

Cost of Access to Data: No cost. This is a technical service to the customers and users of tin and

tin alloys.

General Comments : This is the main source of mechanical properties data for tin and tin alloys

in United States. They maintain a staff of technical people and welcome inquiries.

66
Source 38. Publications of the Zinc Institute, Inc.

Publisher or Custodian: Zinc Institute, Inc., 292 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10017.

Scope: Does not present mechanical properties for wrought zinc materials. Typical mechanical

properties for zinc casting materials are covered.

Properties Covered

:

Monotonic properties: tensile strength, yield strength, shear strength, elongation, impact

strength, creep stress, hardness, and Young's modulus.

Cyclic properties: fatigue endurance.

Sources of Data: Data were obtained from the Zinc Institute's own files and experience, close

industry contact and research.

Size of the Data Bank: Approximately i/> page of data.

Data Storage and Search: Data are presented in tabular form by properties or by alloy as typical

values. In addition the Institute maintains an extensive library with data pertaining to zinc which

may be obtained by inquiry.

Selectivity of the Data : Values given are typical or average. The data were collected by members

of the Zinc Institute, Inc.

Timeliness of the Data: The current publications bear a 1972 date.

Availability: Distribution is unlimited. Copies may be obtained from the Zinc Institute, Inc.

Cost of the Data: The publications are available free in reasonable quantities.

General Comments: Wrought zinc properties such as tensile strength and elongation have little significance. When employed for structural purposes, creep data developed from service tests are

applied in design.

67
Source 39. Published Standards of Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc.

Publisher or Custodian: Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc., 207 E. Ohio Street, Chicago, Illinois 60611.

Scope: The Standards of Underwnters' Laboratories, Inc. provide specifications and requirements

for the construction and the performance (under test and in actual use) of systems, devices,

materials, and appliances of numerous classes submitted to the Laboratories.

Properties Covered : The U.L. Standards include : tension data, shear data, bend data, proof test

loads, vibration data, torque data, peel test data, impact data, and stress-corrosion data.

Source of the Data : The data are provided from component testing by the Underwriters' Laboratories and from data of manufacturers wishing to be listed by U.L.

Size of the Data Bank: There are over 280 published U.L. Standards. Approximately one-half of

the standards include metallic components. Less than a page of mechanical property data is found

in any of the standards.

Data Storage and Search: The U.L. Standards are grouped under the following headings:

The data seeker must guess at which standards in each group might have metallic property

data and then procure the document. Most documents are less than 50 pages in length and general

scanning locates any listed mechanical property data.

Selectivity of the Data: The standards are drawn up by the engineering councils of Underwriters'

Laboratories, Inc. with the assistance of outside groups. The engineering councils are made up of

persons having enforcement authority in the field of public safety, government officials having

responsibility in establishing safety standards, and others having special knowledge and experience

in the area of interest of the council. Data come from field experience, laboratory tests and

engineering judgment.

Timeliness of the Data: Over seventy-five percent of the standards are dated in the 1970's with

the remaining standards dated primarily in the mid- and late-1960's.

Availability: The standards are available to all individuals or organizations involved with stan- dards for safety. Copies may be obtained at the Chicago address or at offices and testing stations

in Northbrook, Illinois ; Melville, New York ; Santa Clara, California ; or Tampa, Florida.

Cost of Access to the Data: There is no charge for a single copy. Multiple copies will require

billing by the Chicago office.

General Comments: The mechanical properties data are different from generally published data

of typical values or maximum and minimum values. The data are presented as values that are safe

for the applications. Use of the U.L. Standards for gathering mechanical property data is recom- mended only to those interested in similar applications to the standards.

Casualty and Chemical Hazards

Electrical

Fire Protection

Heat, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration

Burglary Protection and Signaling

Marine

68
Appendix
Miscellaneous Sources

Source

Aerospace Materials Information Center

AF Materials Laboratory/DO

Wright-Patterson A.F.B.

Ohio

Scope: This agency formerly functioned as a materials information center for various groups

connected directly or indirectly with defense programs. Use of the center is now restricted to personnel of the Air Force Materials Laboratory. Under its previous policy, this Center was responsible

for the initiation and the development of handbooks covering the properties of metals and their

alloys. These are now published and maintained up to date by other organizations. For example:

Aerospace Structural Metals Handbook; custodian: Mechanical Properties Data Center, Traverse

City, Michigan. The most recently sponsored handbook is the Titanium Alloys Handbook.

General Comments: This is not a direct source of data for mechanical properties.

Source:

American Petroleum Institute

1801 K Street, Northwest

Washington, D.C. 20006

Scope : The American Petroleum Institute publishes little or no mechanical property information.

Their yearly catalog, called Publications and Materials, describes all currently listed publications of

the API. Most of this consists of allowable working loads for components used in the petroleum

industry.

General Comments: For general information on the mechanical properties of metals, the API

refers inquiries to: Metals Properties Council, 345 East 47th Street, New York, New York 10017.

Source

Consultants Bureau

227 West 17th Street

New York, New York 10011

Scope: Important Russian technical books, journals, and reports are selected from the Soviet

literature by the Editors of Consultants Bureau and are then translated and sold through the usual

technical book markets.

General Comments: Selection of items for translation and publication is based as much on

marketability as on technical importance. There is no means of surveying the total output for

information on particular materials or properties.

70
Source: General Electric EMPIS system

Publisher or Custodian: General Electric Company, Materials Information Services, Corporate

Research and Development, Bldg. 36, 1 River Road, Schenectady, New York 12345.

Scope: Provides mechanical property information, including specification requirements and ordering lists of approximately 2000 ferrous and nonferrous materials used in the General Electric

Company.

Properties Covered: Typical mechanical properties as well as required properties are presented

for each GE specification in the EMPIS system. Property data are given primarily at room temperature but elevated and low temperature data are also presented. ,

Properties include: Tension data, hardness data, impact data, bending data, torsion data,

fracture data, creep rupture properties, fatigue properties, elastic properties, and modulus of

elasticity data. Fastener strength data are also covered.

Included is a system of indices and tables to facilitate material identification, selection,

specification, and procurement.

Sources of Data: Handbooks ; trade association compilations ; original technical literature ; industrial, national, and international standards ; research reports, GE test reports and in-service failure

records.

Size of the Data Bank: There are 51 volumes of information assembled in standard looseleaf

binders. There are three Metallic Materials books, three Nonmetallic Materials books, five books

covering Machine Parts, three books covering Chemical Materials, three books on Supplies and

Equipment, one Test Method book, two Finishes books, one Drafting Manual, one Processes book, one Design Data book and one Index book. Mechanical properties of metals are primarily contained

in books BP Metallic Materials; Properties, and CP Machine Parts; Properties. The other books

have scattered amounts of mechanical property information. There are approximately 12,000 total

pages covering metallic materials. Approximately 15 percent of these represent data devoted to mechanical properties. The remainder covers chemical properties, thermal properties, electrical

properties, magnetic properties, fabrication information, and tolerance information.

Data Storage and Search : Data are stored as pi-inted looseleaf pages with the information shown

in tables and graphs. Data are stored under an alphanumeric system as follows

:

Bl Ferrous Raw Materials B21 Alloys for Specific Purposes

B2 Cast Iron and Steel B24 Molybdenum and Molybdenum Alloys

B3 Magnetic Materials B25 Tungsten and Tungsten Alloys

B4 Carbon Steel for Structural Purposes B26 Zirconium and Zirconium Alloys

B5 Alloy Steels for Structural Purposes B27 Tantalum and Tantalum Alloys

B6 Tool Steels B28 Beryllium and Beryllium Alloys

B7 Stainless Steels and Other Related Alloys B29 Columbium and Columbium Alloys

B8 Mechanical Sheet and Strip Steel B33 Structural Composites

BIO Nonferrous Raw Materials (Pure or Alloyed) C1-C9 Fastening Devices

Bll Copper and Copper Alloys C2 Nuts

B12 Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys C3 Rivets

B13 Zinc and Zinc Alloys C4 Washers

B14 Nickel and Nickel Alloys C5 Pins

B15 Tin and Tin Alloys C10-C19 Current-Carrying Parts B16 Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys C20-C29 Bearing Devices

B17 Lead and Lead Alloys C30-C39 Motion Transfer Parts B18 Titanium and Titanium Alloys C52-C59 Other Mechanical Parts B19 Cobalt and Cobalt Alloys C60-C69 Products

B20 Fusible Alloys C70-C79 Functional Components

71
Within each of these classes a further breakdown is provided by form or major application

areas, as for example B13 lists:

There are several search procedures to retrieve the data:

(1) Section Index.

(2) Subject Index.

(3) Trade Name Index.

(4) Society designation cross indices for: Aluminum Association, American Casting Institute,

American Iron and Steel Institute, American Society for Testing and Materials, American Welding

Society, Copper Development Association, National Electrical Manufacturers Association, Military

Specifications, and Federal Specifications.

Selectivity of the Data: Input of data into the EMPIS system is primarily initiated by requests

for specification and property documentation from GE departments. For each specification grade

there is an associated property sheet which details the properties of the grade. The data for each

grade are collected and screened by materials engineers within GE Materials Information Services.

Data reference cards are maintained for important entries identifying the source of the data

entered into the system. Files are maintained on each listed material. They contain vendor responses,

originating correspondence, and chronological documentation. Specimen types and test methods are

established by ASTM or EMPIS referee methods for specification properties. Statistical confidence

is not listed.

Timeliness of the Data: The EMPIS data sheets are issued in groups of new and updated documents three or four times per year. The majority of the published data sheets are dated in the late 1960's with the remainder primarily in the early 1970's and early 1960's.

Availability : The EMPIS system is an internal document system of the General Electric Company

and is not generally available to the outside. Only the specifications portion of the system is regarded

as public information and hence is available to all.

Cost of Access to the Data: Individual specifications are free to active suppliers ; grouped specification sets, e.g. steels, fasteners, etc., are specially priced. Data questions may be directed to General

Electric Company (EMPIS), Schenectady, New York 12345 where special inquiries are sometimes

accommodated on a professional courtesy basis. Regular data search assistance in the EMPIS

system is provided only to subscribing GE departments.

General Comments: This data source is excellent for general industrial metals information. The

selection of metals is biased to the specification needs of the General Electric Company. The data

are not ranked in the order of increasing property values hence the use of the system as a general

materials selection tool is somewhat awkward. The mechanical property information represents

mostly typical data and/or maximum-minimum property limits of the specifications. Reliability of

the data is based on a "used successfully elsewhere in GE" criterion.

Die Castings

Sand Castings

Ingot

Rod

Sheet

Strip

Wire

72
Source

:

Magnesium Association

12 Willow Drive

Selma, Ala. 36701

Scope: This association is made up of three Divisions; Casting, Fabricating and Foundry. They

publish a monthly Newsletter, sponsor competitions and offer an annual Design Award. They have

no publications covering mechanical properties, nor do they maintain any data files in this area. Inquiries pertaining to mechanical properties are referred to the manufacturers and processors of

magnesium and its alloys.

General Comments: The Magnesium Association is not a source for mechanical property data.

Source:

Metallurgical Documentation and Information System (SDIM)

Centre for Information and Documentation (CID)

Luxembourg City, Luxembourg

Scope: A coordinated operation for 'the collection, indexing, storage, processing and dissemination of metallurgical literature in both the ferrous and nonferrous fields. All member nations of the

European Economic Community participate. The CID designed the indexing and information handling system and has the responsibility for coordinating, checking and correcting the work of the

individual national participating bodies. It is intended to cover all significant metallurgical information of a scientific, technical, or economic character appearing from January 1, 1972 on.

General Comments: The system at present is limited to bibliographic treatment of the periodical

literature. It does not provide direct access to source documents and hence mechanical property

data sought cannot be seen directly. It competes with Metals Abstracts.

Source:

The Metal Properties Council

345 East 47th Street

New York, New York 10017

Scope: The Metal Properties Council, sponsored by The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, The American Society for Metals, The American Society for Testing and Materials, and The

Engineering Foundation, is a voluntary organization whose purpose is to identify major unfilled

needs for reliable data on the engineering properties of metals and alloys, and to conduct programs

for collecting, generating, evaluating, and disseminating such data. Much of its work is concerned

with mechanical properties. Its publications are issued by one of the sponsoring societies, described

elsewhere in this Survey.

Source

:

Metals and Ceramics Information Center (MCIC)

Battelle Columbus Laboratories

505 King Avenue

Columbus, Ohio 43201

Scope: Collects, evaluates and disseminates information on the characteristics, processing, testing

and utilization of advanced metallic, ceramic, and composite materials, particularly those of interest

in defense and aerospace activities.

73
General Comments: MCIC is one of seven materials information centers managed by the Army

Materials and Mechanics Research Center (AMMRC), Watertown, Mass., for the Defense Department. While MCIC files may include some mechanical property information, its sister center, the

Mechanical Properties Data Center in Traverse City, Mich., also managed by AMMRC, is regarded

as the primary source of mechanical property data for DoD.

Source

Research Materials Information Center

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

P.O. Box X : Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830

Scope: Covers the availability, properties and preparation procedures for high purity specimens

of materials for research purposes. The properties included are primarily those which may provide

inference as to purity and structure.

General Comments : No engineering or mechanical property information are included. /

Source:

Smithsonian Science Information Exchange

Smithsonian Institution

1730 M Street, N.W.

Washington, D. C. 20036

Scope: The Smithsonian Science Information Exchange (SSIE) is an annually updated source of

scientific information on research in progress and technical information yet to he published. The

SSIE services include the Physical Sciences areas and Life Sciences areas. Mechanical Properties

of Metals falls under the Physical Sciences (materials) area.

General Comments: Although the Exchange currently files more than 150,000 documents, only

about 1 percent of the data involves mechanical properties of metals. Searches (for a fee) may be

made of the files by Exchange personnel by subject, by investigating organization, or by individual

investigator's name. The service is most useful where a complete, thorough investigation of all available information must be carried out.

Source

Welding Research Council ' 345 East 47th Street

New York, N. Y. 10017

Scope: Operates under the Engineering Foundation and is sponsored by several engineering

societies. Plans and arranges for cooperative conduct of welding research, disseminates research

results, interpretive reports, and literature reviews in welding and related fields both through its own publications and particularly through Welding Research, a supplement to the Welding Journal, a publication of the American Welding Society, 2501 NW 7th St., Miami, Fla., 33142.

General Comments : While Welding Research and other WRC publications often include mechanical

property data, such information is not segregated in any way and hence is very difficult to retrieve.

74
other Sources of Mechanical Property

Infoi^matiolti on Metals

Certain other sources of mechanical pl'0p6rty information exist which were not examined in

detail for this survey but which may be valuable in special instances. Brief reference is made to them here for the convenience of the readel\

Information on

Cobalt

High temperature alloys

Source

' y CotMt ihfidi*matibii tenter

tiiatielle-Columbus

505 King Avenue

Columbus, Ohio 43201

Cabot Corporation-Stellite Division

1020 West Park Avenue

Kokonio, Indiana 46901

High temperature alloys

Magnesium

l*imken Coinpany

Canton, Ohio 44706

Dow Chemical Company

Midland, Michigan 48640

Molybdenum

Nickel

Platinum and other precious metals

Rare earth metals

Titanium

Climai Molybdenum Company

2929 Plymouth Road

Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106

International Nickel Company

One New York Plaza

New York, New York 10004

Johnson Matthey & Company, Inc. 608 Fifth Avenue

New York, New York 10020

Rate Earth Information Center

Institute for Atomic Research

Iowa State University

Ames, Iowa 50010

Tit^niuni Metal Corporation of America

1140 Bloomfield Avenue

tVest Caldwell, New Jersey 07006

75
Metals and Alloys Index

Source Number

Aluminum 1,2,3,5,6,8,9,10,11,12,13,15,16,18,20,27,32

Bearing Alloys 10

Beryllium 1,8,12

Boron 12

Cadmium v. 8,12

Carbon 12

Chromium 2,12

Cobalt 1,5,12,26

Columbium (Niobium) 1,2,5,12

Copper 2,5,8,9,10,13,16,17,24,32

Gold 2 Graphite .12

Hafnium ^ 12

Heat Resistant Alloys 5,11,13,20,21

Iron and its Alloys (other than Steels, q.v.) 2,5,8,9,10,15,16,18,21,26,28,32

cast 2,10,15,16,32

wrought .16

Lead 2,5,8,9,10,32,36

Magnesium 1,2,5,8,9,10,11,12,13,16,32

Manganese 2

Molybdenum 1,2,8,12

Nickel 1,2,5,8,9,10,12,13,16,20,26

Niobium See Columbium

Platnium 2,8

Plutonium 12

Precious Metals 2,5,8,9

Rare Earth Metals 12

Rhenium 2,5

Silver 2

Sodium 8

Steels 1,2,4,9,11,12,13,15,16,18,21,26,27,28,29,30,32,34,35

alloy 1,2,11,15,16,25,29,30,34

carbon 1,11,15,16,25,29,30

stainless 1,11,12,15,16,20,29,30,32

tool : 2,9,13

Superalloys 5,11,13,20,21

Tantalum 1,2,5,8,12

Thorium 12

Tin 2,5,8,9,32,37

Titanium 1,2,5,6,8,9,10,11,12,16,20,27

Tungsten 1,2,5,12

Vanadium 1,12

Zinc 2,5,8,10,13,16,32,38

Zirconium 1,2,5,8,12

All Metals and Alloys, not otherwise classified 4,11,12,13,14,15,16,21,22,25,31,33,35,39
Properties Index

Property Source Number

Abrasion resistance 16,21

Bearing strength 1,5,11,15,25,34

Bending properties 1,2,9,12,13,15,16,22,34,35,36,39

Burst strength 5,15,25

Charpy strength See Impact strength

Compressive strength 1,2,5,9,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,22,25,34,37

stress-strain 1 creep 15

Crack growth rate 6,15,25

Creep 1,2,5,10,11,12,13,16,17,21,22,26,28,32,34,36,37,38

in compression 15

reduction-in-area 28

rupture 1,7,26,29,30,34

strain 28

strength 20

Crushing strength 13

Damping capacity 10,37

Deflection 21

Drop-weight test See Impact strength

Ductility See Elongation, Bending Properties

Effects of Variables on Mechanical Properties*

cold work 39

combined loads 1 heat treatment 2,9,13,15

hydrogen 15

irradiation 12,34

microstructure and inclusions 34

oxidation 15

strain 18

strain rate 11

stress concentration 1 temperature 13,16,23,29,30, see also Creep, Hot-hardness, Stress-rupture

Elastic properties 1,10,14,16,34

Elongation 2,3,4,5,7,8,9,12,13,15,16,17,20,21,25,29,30,35,36,38

Endurance limit See Fatigue Properties

Fastener strength 15,17,25

Fatigue properties 1,2,3,5,6,7,9,10,11,13,15,16,17,18,20,21,22,25,27,32,34,36,37,38

Flexural strength See Bending Properties

Flow stress 28

Fracture 2,9,10,11,18,34

bending 25

elongation 28

tensile 25

toughness 1,6,15,16,22,25

*Shown here are references where the effects of the variable on one or more mechanical properties are treated in a separate

section ; many unlisted references also consider the effects of these and similar variables but the data are not so segregated.

77
Metals and Alloys Index

Source Number

Aluminum 1,2,3,5,6,8,9,10,11,12,13,15,16,18,20,27,32

Bearing Alloys 10

Beryllium 1,8,12

Boron 12

Cadmium 8,12

Carbon 12

Chromium 2,12

Cobalt 1,5,12,26

Columbium (Niobium) 1,2,5,12

Copper 2,5,8,9,10,13,16,17,24,32

Gold ...2

Graphite vv: • .12

Hafnium 12

Heat Resistant Alloys .5,11,13,20,21

Iron and its Alloys (other than Steels, q.v.) 2,5,8,9,10,15,16,18,21,26,28,32 cast 2,10,15,16,32

wrought 16

Lead 2,5,8,9,10,32,36

Magnesium 1,2,5,8,9,10,11,12,13,16,32

Manganese 2

Molybdenum 1,2,8,12

Nickel 1,2,5,8,9,10,12,13,16,20,26

Niobium See Columbium

Platnium 2,8

Plutonium 12

Precious Metals • 2,5,8,9

Rare Earth Metals . V. . , . . . . . .12

Rhenium .2,5

Silver 2

Sodium .8

Steels 1,2,4,9,11,12,13,15,16,18,21,26,27,28,29,30,32,34,35

alloy 1,2,11,15,16,25,29,30,34

carbon 1,11,15,16,25,29,30

stainless 1,11,12,15,16,20,29,30,32

tool 2,9,13

Superalloys ...5,11,13,20,21

Tantalum 1,2,5,8,12

Thorium 12

Tin 2,5,8,9,32,37

Titanium 1,2,5,6,8,9,10,11,12,16,20,27

Tungsten 1,2,5,12

Vanadium 1,12

Zinc 2,5,8,10,13,16,32,38

Zirconium 1,2,5,8,12

All Metals and Alloys, not otherwise classified 4,11,12,13,14,15,16,21,22,25,31,33,35,39
Properties Index—Continued

Property Source Number

Hardenability ; 2,5,7,13,15,16,21,25

Hardness 2,3,4,5,7,8,9,12,13,15,16,17,20,21,22,25,28,32,34,35,36,37,38

hot 5,13

Hydraulic and ring expansion test 34

Impact strength .1,2,5,7,9,12,13,15,16,17,20,21,22,28,32,34,35,39

Charpy 7,9,12,15,16,25

drop weight 15,16,34

Izod 7,9,12,15,25

Izod strength See Impact strength

Mechanical properties (not otherwise classified) .10,11,24,31,33,34

Modulus 21

bulk 14,28

design curves 11

of Elasticity 3,5,9,11,12,13,17,18,20,32,37

of Rigidity 1,11,17,20,37

of Rupture 12

Young's 14,28,38

Notch Properties 1,5,15,16,25,28,34, see also Toughness

Peel test 39

Poisson's ratio 1,11,12,14,20,28,37

Proof

loads 13

strength 8

stress 7,29,30

test 34,39

Proportionality Limit 11,17,37

Propagation of Cracks 15

Punch Shear 15,25

Radiation Hardening 34

Reduction-of-Area 2,4,5,7,9,12,13,15,16,18,21,25,28,29,30,35

Rupture strength See Effect of Temperature, Stress-Rupture Strength

Shear data 1,3,5,7,11,12,13,15,16,17,25,37,38,39

Sound velocity 14,28

Strain aging behavior 13

gage data 34

Strength coefficient 18

Stress

concentration 1,21

corrosion 2,9,13,15,25,39

relaxation 34

rupture strength .2,5,7,10,11,12,13,15,16.21,22,34

strain curves 1,9,11,15,25

Tear resistance 16

Tensile strength . . 1,2,3,4,5,7,8,9,11,12,13,15,16,17,20,21,22,25,26,28,29,30,32,35,36,37,38,39

notched 25

Thermal shock resistance 12

Threshold stress intensity 6

Torque See Torsion

79
Metals and Alloys Index

Source Number

Aluminum 1,2,3,5,6,8,9,10,11,12,13,15,16,18,20,27,32

Bearing Alloys 10

Beryllium 1,8,12

Boron 12

Cadmium 8,12

Carbon 12

Chromium 2,12

Cobalt 1,5,12,26

Columbium (Niobium) 1,2,5,12

Copper 2,5,8,9,10,13,16,17,24,32

Gold 2

Graphite 12

Hafnium ^ 12

Heat Resistant Alloys 5,11,13,20,21

Iron and its Alloys (other than Steels, q.v.) 2,5,8,9,10,15,16,18,21,26,28,32 cast 2,10,15,16,32

wrought 16

Lead '. 2,5,8,9,10,32,36

Magnesium 1,2,5,8,9,10,11,12,13,16,32

Manganese 2

Molybdenum 1,2,8,12

Nickel 1,2,5,8,9,10,12,13,16,20,26

Niobium See Columbium

Platnium 2,8

Plutonium 12

Precious Metals 2,5,8,9

Rare Earth Metals 12

Rhenium 2,5

Silver 2

Sodium 8

Steels 1,2,4,9,11,12,13,15,16,18,21,26,27,28,29,30,32,34,35

alloy 1,2,11,15,16,25,29,30,34

carbon 1,11,15,16,25,29,30

stainless 1,11,12,15,16,20,29,30,32

tool .' 2,9,13

Superalloys 5,11,13,20,21

Tantalum 1,2,5,8,12

Thorium 12

Tin 2,5,8,9,32,37

Titanium 1,2,5,6,8,9,10,11,12,16,20,27

Tungsten 1,2,5,12

Vanadium 1,12

Zinc 2,5,8,10,13,16,32,38

Zirconium 1,2,5,8,12

All Metals and Alloys, not otherwise classified 4,11,12,13,14,15,16,21,22,25,31,33,35,39
Properties Index—Continued

Property Source Number

Torsion 1,7,9,13,16,39

Toughness 6,15,16,18,22,25,28,34, see also Fracture, Reduction-of-Area

Transverse Fiber strength See Bending Properties

Ultimate strength 18

Velocity

of compressional waves 14

of shear waves 14

Vibration data 39

Weldability 15

Welded

joint strength 11,20

structural beam properties 16

Workability 15

Yield strength 3,4,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17,18,20,21,25,28,29,30,32,35,38

iJrU.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE; 1974 O 537-842

Jacket No. 537-842

81

U.S. DEPT. OF COMM. BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA

F F T

1. PUHl."' A'''ION OK Rl-:i'01<T NO. 1 2. Gov't Acce.ssion No. NBS SP -396-13. Rce i pieni ' s Ac cession No.

4. TITLH AND SUHTITLICritical Surveys of Data Sources: Mechanical

Properties of Metals

5. I\iblication Date oepLerriDer lyi^

6. Performing Organization Godc

7. AUTHOR(S)

R.B. Gavert, R.L. Moore and J.H. Westbrook

8. Performing Organ. Report No.

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20234

10. Project/Task/VCork Unit No.

11. Contract/Grant No.

12. Sponsoring Organization Name and Complete Address (Street, City, State, ZIP)

National Bureau of Standards

13. Type of Report & Period Covered Final

14. Sponsoring Agency Code

15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 74-8090.

16. ABSTRACT (A 200-word or less factual summary of most significant information. If document includes a significant

bibliography or literature survey, mention it here.)

This study was undertaken with the objective of providing a detailed critical

survey of the existent sources of mechanical property data for commercially

available metals and alloys. This survey was intended to assess the scope, assets

and deficiencies of about forty of the most prominent sources of such information.

There were included: handbooks and technical compilations, information centers,

foreign information sources, technical societies, and trade associations. The

initial listing of sources to be examined was prepared by the authors with the

advice and assistance of a subcommittee of the Metals Properties Council. The

aim was to restrict the survey to sources which actually had compilations of

mechanical property data in some form. Thus sources which offered only

generalized guides to the literature, monographs, textbooks, or periodicals

publishing original research or engineering articles were not to be included.

Those sources from the original listing which were found upon detailed examination

to fall into the latter categories are therefore treated in a separate appendix.

17. KEY WORDS (six to twelve entries; alphabetical order; capitalize only the first letter of the first key word unless a proper name; separated by semicolons

)

Commercial alloys; data sources ; mechanical properties; metals.

18. AVAILABILITY [XI Unlimited

I For Official Distribution. Do Not Release to NTIS

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