# Patent

## Title
CXCR4 receptor compounds

## Abstract

The invention relates generally to compounds which are allosteric modulators (e.g., positive and negative allosteric modulators, and allosteric agonists) of the G protein coupled receptor for stromal derived factor 1 (SDF-I), also known as the CXCR4 receptor. The CXCR4 receptor compounds are derived from the intracellular loops and domains of the CXCR4 receptor. The invention also relates to the use of these CXCR4 receptor compounds and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the CXCR4 receptor compounds in the treatment of diseases and conditions associated with CXCR4 modulation such as bone marrow transplantation, chemosensitization, cancer, metastatic disease, inflammatory diseases, HIV infection and stem cell-based regenerative medicine.

## Background
RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is the U.S. National Stage of International Application No. PCT/US2009/005979, filed Nov. 4, 2009, which designates the U.S., published in English, and claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/198,254, filed Nov. 4, 2008 and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/240,176, filed Sep. 4, 2009. The entire teachings of the above applications are incorporated herein by reference.


INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE OF MATERIAL IN ASCII TEXT FILE
This application incorporates by reference the Sequence Listing contained in the following ASCII text file:
a) File name: 42771009003revisedsequence.txt; created Apr. 17, 2013, 91 KB in size.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute one of the largest families of genes in the human genome. GPCRs are integral membrane signaling proteins. Hydrophobicity mapping of the amino acid sequences of G-protein coupled receptors has led to a model of the typical G-protein-coupled receptor as containing seven hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions with the amino terminal on the extracellular side of the membrane and the carboxyl terminal on the intracellular side of the membrane.
GPCRs mediate the transmission of intracellular signals (“signal transduction”) by activating guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) to which the receptor is coupled. GPCRs are activated by a wide range of endogenous stimuli, including peptides, amino acids. hormones, light, and metal ions. The following reviews are incorporated by reference: Hill, British J. Pharm 147: s27 (2006); Palczeski, Ann Rev Biochemistry 75: 743-767 (2006); Dorsham & Gutkind, Nature Reviews 7: 79-94 (2007); Kobilka & Schertler, Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2: 79-83 (2008).
GPCRs are important targets for drug discovery as they are involved in a wide range of cellular signaling pathways and are implicated in many pathological conditions (e.g., cardiovascular and mental disorders, cancer, AIDS). In fact, GPCRs are targeted by 40-50% of approved drugs, illustrating the critical importance of this class of pharmaceutical targets. Interestingly, this number represents only about 30 GPCRs, a small fraction of the total number of GPCRs thought to be relevant to human disease. Over 1000 GPCRs are known in the human genome, and GPCRs remain challenging targets from a research and development perspective in part because these amembrane bound receptors with complex pharmacology.
There remains a need for the development of new pharmaceuticals that are allosteric modulators of GPCRs (e.g., negative and positive allosteric modulators, allosteric agonists, and ago-allosteric modulators).
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates generally to compounds which are allosteric modulators (e.g., negative and positive allosteric modulators, allosteric agonists, and ago-allosteric modulators) of the G protein coupled receptor for stromal derived factor 1 (SDF-1, CXCL12), also known as the CXCR4 receptor. The CXCR4 receptor compounds are derived from the intracellular loops and domains of the CXCR4 receptor. The invention also relates to the use of these CXCR4 receptor compounds and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the CXCR4 receptor compounds in the treatment of diseases and conditions associated with CXCR4 receptor modulation such as bone marrow transplantation, chemosensitization, cancer, metastatic disease, inflammatory diseases, HIV infection and stem cell-based regenerative medicine.

    
    
        More specifically, the invention relates to compounds represented by

TLP,  Formula I:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

        P is a peptide comprising at least three contiguous amino-acid residues
        of an intracellular i1, i2, i3 loop or an intracellular i4 domain of the CXCR4 receptor;
        L is a linking moiety represented by C(O) and bonded to P at an N terminal nitrogen of an N-terminal amino-acid residue;
        and T is a lipophilic tether moiety bonded to L, wherein the C-terminal amino acid residue of P is optionally functionalized.
    
    


The invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising one or more compounds of the invention and a carrier, and the use of the disclosed compounds and compositions in methods of treating diseases and conditions responsive to modulation (inhibition or activation) of the CXCR4 receptor.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF. THE DRAWINGS
The foregoing will be apparent from the following more particular description of example embodiments of the invention, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which like reference characters refer to the same parts throughout the different views. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating embodiments of the present invention.
FIGS. 1A-1V are a series of graphical representations of compounds of the invention derived from the i1 loop in a chemotaxis assay as compared with vehicle.
FIGS. 2A-2D are a series of graphical representations of compounds of the invention derived from the i2 loop in a chemotaxis assay as compared with vehicle.
FIGS. 3A-3G are a series of graphical representations of compounds of the invention derived from the i3 loop in a chemotaxis assay as compared with vehicle.
FIGS. 4A-4D are a series of graphical representations of compounds of the invention derived from the i4 domain in a chemotaxis assay as compared with vehicle.
FIG. 5 is a graphical representation of SDF1-a dependent calcium mobilization in CEM cells upon testing with compounds of the invention.
FIG. 6 is a graphical representation of agonist activity of compounds of the invention in a CEM chemotaxis assay.
FIGS. 7A-7C is a series of graphs showing WBC mobilization of CXCR4 modulators in response to testing with compounds of the invention.
FIGS. 8A-8B is a series of graphs showing results of CXCR4 modulators in a PMN mobilization assay.
FIGS. 9A-9C is a series of graphs showing results of CXCR4 modulators in a lymphocyte mobilization assay.
FIG. 10 is a series of graphs showing the effects of CXCR-4 receptor compounds: 43, 88, 90 and 92 on burst forming unit-erythroid cells (BFU-E) and Colonly-forming unit granulocyte macrophages (CFU-GM).
FIG. 11 is a bar graph showing the effects of 10 μmmol/kg CXCR-4 receptor Compound No. 43 and AMD3100 on PMN recruitment in BALB/c mice following subcutaneous injection.
FIG. 12 is a bar graph showing the effects of 10 μmmol/kg CXCR-4 receptor Compound No. 43 and AMD3100 on lymphocyte recruitment in BALB/c mice following subcutaneous injection.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
A description of example embodiments of the invention follows.
G Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs)
G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute one of the largest superfamilies of genes in the human genome; these transmembrane proteins enable the cell the respond to its environment by sensing extracellular stimuli and initiating intracellular signal transduction cascades. GPCRs mediate signal transduction through the binding and activation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) to which the receptor is coupled. Wide arrays of ligands bind to these receptors, which in turn orchestrate signaling networks integral to many cellular functions. Diverse GPCR ligands include small proteins, peptides, amino acids, biogenic amines, lipids, ions, odorants and even photons of light. The following reviews are incorporated by reference: Hill, British J. Pharm 147: s27 (2006); Dorsham & Gutkind, Nature Reviews 7: 79-94 (2007).
In addition to modulating a diverse array of homeostatic processes, GPCR signaling pathways are integral components of many pathological conditions (e.g., cardiovascular and mental disorders, cancer, AIDS). In fact, GPCRs are targeted by 40-50% of approved drugs illustrating the critical importance of this class of pharmaceutical targets. Interestingly, this number represents only about 30 GPCRs, a small fraction of the total number of GPCRs thought to be relevant to human disease. GPCRs are membrane bound receptors that exhibit complex pharmacological properties and remain challenging targets from a research and development perspective. Given their importance in human health combined with their prevalence (over 1000 known GPCRs in the human genome) GPCRs represent an important target receptor class for drug discovery and design.
GPCRs are integral membrane proteins that mediate diverse signaling cascades through an evolutionarily conserved structural motif. All GPCRs are thought to consist of seven hydrophobic transmembrane spanning α-helices with the amino terminus on the extracellular side of the membrane and the carboxyl terminus on the intracellular side of the membrane. The transmembrane helices are linked together sequentially by extracellular (e1, e2, e3) and intracellular (cytoplasmic) loops (i1, i2, i3). The intracellular loops or domains are intimately involved in the coupling and turnover of G proteins and include: i1, which connects TM1-TM2; i2, connecting TM3-TM4; i3, connecting TM5-TM6; and a portion of the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail (domain 4). Due in part to the topological homology of the 7TM domains and the recent high resolution crystal structures of several GPCRs (Palczewski et al., Science 289, 739-45 (2000), Rasmussen, S. G. et al., Nature 450, 383-7 (2007)) skilled modelers are now able to predict the general boundaries of GPCR loop domains through the alignment of several related receptors. These predictions are aided in part by a number of programs used by computational biologists, including EMBOSS, ClustalW2, Kalign, and MAFFT (Multiple Alignment using Fast Fourier Transform). Importantly, many of these programs are publically available (see, for example, The European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) web site http://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/) and most have web-based interfaces.
GPCR mediated signal transduction is initiated by the binding of a ligand to its cognate receptor. In many instances GPCR ligand binding is believed to take place in a hydrophilic pocket generated by a cluster of helices near the extracellular domain. However, other ligands, such as large peptides, are thought to bind to the extracellular region of protein and hydrophobic ligands are postulated to intercalate into a receptor binding pocket through the membrane between gaps in the helices. The process of ligand binding induces conformational changes within the receptor. These changes involve the outward movement of helix 6, which in turn alters the conformations of the intracellular loops and ultimately results in a receptor form that is able to bind and activate a heterotrimeric G protein (Farrens, D., et al. Science 274, 768-770 (1996), Gether, U. and Kobilka, B., J. Biol. Chem. 273, 17979-17982 (1998)). Upon binding the receptor catalyzes the exchange of GTP for GDP in the alpha subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein, which results in a separation of the G protein from the receptor as well a dissociation of the alpha and beta/gamma subunits of the G protein itself. Notably, this process is catalytic and results in signal amplification in that activation of one receptor may elicit the activation and turnover of numerous G proteins, which in turn may regulate multiple second messenger systems. Signaling diversity is further achieved through the existence of numerous G protein types as well as differing isoforms of alpha, beta and gamma subunits. Typically, GPCRs interact with G proteins to regulate the synthesis or inhibition of intracellular second messengers such as cyclic AMP, inositol phosphates, diacylglycerol and calcium ions, thereby triggering a cascade of intracellular events that eventually leads to a biological response.
GPCR signaling may be modulated and attenuated through cellular machinery as well as pharmacological intervention. Signal transduction may be ‘switched off’ with relatively fast kinetics (seconds to minutes) by a process called rapid desensitization. For GPCRs, this is caused by a functional uncoupling of receptors from heterotrimeric G proteins, without a detectable change in the total number of receptors present in cells or tissues. This process involves the phosphorylation of the receptor C terminus, which enables the protein arrestin to bind to the receptor and occlude further G protein coupling. Once bound by arrestin the receptor may be internalized into the cell and either recycled back to the cell surface or degraded. The alpha subunit of the G protein possesses intrisic GTPase activity, which attenuates signaling and promotes re-association with the beta/gamma subunits and a return to the basal state. GPCR signaling may also be modulated pharmacologically. Agonist drugs act directly to activate the receptors, whereas antagonist drugs act indirectly to block receptor signaling by preventing agonist activity through their associating with the receptor. GPCR binding and signaling can also be modified through allosteric modulation, that is by ligands that bind not at the orthosteric binding site but through binding at an allosteric site elsewhere in the receptors. Allosteric modulators can include both positive and negative modulators of orthosteric ligand mediated activity, allosteric agonists (that act in the absence of the orthosteric ligand), and ago-allosteric modulators (ligands that have agonist activity on their own but that can also modulate the activity of the orthosteric ligand).
The large superfamily of GPCRs may be divided into subclasses based on structural and functional similarities. GPCR families include Class A Rhodopsin like, Class B Secretin like, Class C Metabotropic glutamate/pheromone, Class D Fungal pheromone, Class E cAMP receptors (Dictyostelium), the Frizzled/Smoothened family, and various orphan GPCRs. In addition, putative families include Ocular albinism proteins, Insect odorant receptors, Plant Mlo receptors, Nematode chemoreceptors, Vomeronasal receptors (VIR & V3R) and taste receptors.
Class A GPCRs, also called family A or rhodopsin-like, are the largest class of receptors and characteristically have relatively small extracellular loops that form the basis for selectivity vs. endogenous agonists and small-molecule drugs. In addition, Class A receptors also have relatively small intracellular loops. Class A receptors include amine family members such as dopamine and serotonin, peptide members such as chemokine and opioid, the visual opsins, odorant receptors and an array of hormone receptors.
The CXCR4 receptor (SDF-1) is a Class A receptor that has been implicated in conditions such as cancer, metastatic disease, leukocyte homeostasis, hematopoietic stem cell homing to the bone marrow, hematopoietic cell engraftment, inflammatory diseases and HIV tropism.
Peptides
As defined herein, P is a peptide comprising at least three contiguous amino-acid residues (e.g., at least 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, or 16) of an intracellular i1, i2 or i3 loop or intracellular i4 domain of the CXCR4 receptor. It is understood that, the N-terminal nitrogen of the N-terminal amino acid residue of P to which the linking moiety C(O) is bonded can be one of the at least three contiguous amino acid residues or it can be an amino acid residue distinct from the at least three contiguous amino acid residues.
Intracellular i1 loop as used herein refers to the loop which connects TM1 to TM2 and the corresponding transmembrane junctional residues.
Intracellular i2 loop as used herein refers to the loop which connects TM3 to TM4 and the corresponding transmembrane junctional residues.
Intracellular i3 loop as used herein refers to the loop which connects TM5 to TM6 and the corresponding transmembrane junctional residues.
Intracellular i4 domain as used herein refers to the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail and the transmembrane junctional residue.
In a specific embodiment, P comprises at least three, at least four, at least five, at least six, at least seven, at least eight, at least nine, at least ten, at least eleven, at least twelve, at least thirteen, at least fourteen, at least fifteen, at least sixteen contiguous amino acid residues of the intracellular i1, i2 or i3 loop or intracellular i4 domain of the CXCR4 receptor.
In certain embodiment, P is cyclized. The amino acids can be cyclized via their side chains or end to end.
In a more specific embodiment, the at least three contiguous amino acids of P (e.g., at least 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, or 16) are derived from the intracellular i1, i2 or i3 loop or intracellular i4 domain of the CXCR4 receptor, wherein the amino acid sequence of each loop and the i4 domain is as described in Table 1.








TABLE 1





Intracellular



Loop or



Domain
CXCR4 Receptor







i1
MGYQKKLRSMTDKYRLH



(SEQ ID NO: 370)


 


i2
DRYLAIVHATNSQRPRKLLAEK



(SEQ ID NO: 371)


 


i3
IIISKLSHSKGHQKRKALKTTVI



(SEQ ID NO: 372)


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGH



SSVSTESESSSFHSS (SEQ ID NO: 373)









It is understood that in addition to the amino acids listed in the sequences in Table 1, the intracellular loop for the i1 loop, i2 loop, i3 loop and i4 domain can also include the transmembrane junctional residues. For example, the i1 loop can include SEQ ID NO: 4370 where one or more residues from the transmembrane junctional residues are included on either the C-terminus, the N-terminus or both. For example, SEQ ID NO: 370 can include either a Serine residue, or a Serine-Alanine residue at the C-terminus, SEQ ID NOS: 374 and 375 respectively. Similarly, the N-teminus of the i1 loop sequence described in Table 1 can also be extended to include a Valine residue (SEQ ID NO: 377) or Valine-Leucine residues (SEQ ID NO: 378), or by -Valine-Leucine-Isoleucine residues (SEQ ID NO: 379) or by -Valine-Leucine-Isoleucine-Valine residues (SEQ ID NO: 380).
In another embodiment, P comprises at least three, at least four, at least five, at least six, at least seven, at least eight, at least nine, at least ten, at least eleven, at least twelve, at least thirteen, at least fourteen, at least fifteen, or at least sixteen contiguous amino acid residues of the i1 intracellular loop of the CXCR4 receptor.
In an even more specific embodiment, P is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOS:1-148 as listed in Table 2 below. Amino acids designated as lower case letters indicate D-amino acids.









TABLE 2 





CXCR4

SEQ ID


i-Loop
Sequence
NO:

















i1
SGYQKKLRSSTD
1


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSATD
2


 


i1
SGYQKKLRSMTD
3


 


i1
JGYQKKLRSJTD
4


 


i1
LGYQKKLRSLTD
5


 


i1
IGYQKKLRSITD
6


 


i1
JGYQKKLRSSTD
7


 


i1
JGYQKKLRSMTD
8


 


i1
LGYQKKLRSMTD
9


 


i1
IGYQKKLRSMTD
10


 


i1
AGYQKKLRSMTD
11


 


i1
MAYQKKLRSMTD
12


 


i1
MGAQKKLRSMTD
13


 


i1
MGYAKKLRSMTD
14


 


i1
MGYQKKLRAMTD
15


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSATD
16


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSMAD
17


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSMTA
18


 


i1
MGYQAKLRSMTD
19


 


i1
MGYQKKLASMTD
20


 


i1
MGYQKALRSMTD
21


 


i1
MGYQKKARSMTD
22


 


i1
mGYQKKLRSMTD
23


 


i1
MGyQKKLRSMTD
24


 


i1
MGYqKKLRSMTD
25


 


i1
MGYQkKLRSMTD
26


 


i1
MGYQKkLRSMTD
27


 


i1
MGYQKKlRSMTD
28


 


i1
MGYQKKLrSMTD
29


 


i1
MGYQKKLRsMTD
30


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSmTD
31


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSMtD
32


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSMTd
33


 


i1
GSHYQKKLRSSTD
34


 


i1
GSGYQKKLRSSTD
35


 


i1
YQKKLRSSTD
36


 


i1
GYQKKLRSJTD
37


 


i1
GYQKKLRSLTD
38


 


i1
GYQKKLRSMTDKYRLH
39


 


i1
YQKKLRSMTDKYRLH
40


 


i1
QKKLRSMTDKYRLH
41


 


i1
KKLRSMTDKYRLH
42


 


i1
KLRSMTDKYRLH
43


 


i1
LRSMTDKYRLH
44


 


i1
RSMTDKYRLH
45


 


i1
SMTDKYRLH
46


 


i1
MTDKYRLH
47


 


i1
TDKYRLH
48


 


i1
GYQKKLRSMTDKYRL
49


 


i1
GYQKKLRSMTDKYR
50


 


i1
GYQKKLRSMTDKY
51


 


i1
GYQKKLRSMTDK
52


 


i1
GYQKKLRSMTD
53


 


i1
GYQKKLRSITD-
54


 


i1
GYQKKLRSMT
55


 


i1
GYQKKLRSM
56


 


i1
GYQKKLRS
57


 


i1
GYQKKLR
58


 


i1
YQKKLRS
59


 


i1
QKKLRSM
60


 


i1
KKLRSMT
61


 


i1
KLRSMTD
62


 


i1
LRSMTDK
63


 


i1
RSMTDKY
64


 


i1
SMTDKYR
65


 


i1
MTDKYRL
66


 


i1
KRMKTSLYDGRMQYLK
67


 


i1
sGYQKKLRSSTD
68


 


i1
KKLRSMTDKY
69


 


i1
KKLRSMTDKYR
70


 


i1
KKLRSMTDKYRL
71


 


i1
KKLRSXTDKYRLH
72



(X = Norluceine (Nle))



 


i1
KKLRSMTDKYRLHL
73


 


i1
KKLRSMTDKYRLHLSV
74


 


i1
QKKLRSMTDKYRI
75


 


i1
QKKLRSMTDKYRLHL
76


 


i1
YQKKLRSMTDKYRLHLSV
77


 


i1
LVMGYQKKLRSMTD
78


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSMTDK
79


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSMTDKY
80


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSMTDKYRI
81


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSMTDKYRL
82


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSMTDKYRLHL
83


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSMTDKYRLHLSV
84


 


i1
YTKRLDSHRKLKM
85


 


i1
VMGYQKKLRSMTD
86


 


i1
KKLCRSMTDKCYRL
87


 


i1
KKLRCSMTDCKYRL
88


 


i1
kKLRSMTDKYRLH
89


 


i1
KkLRSMTDKYRLH
90


 


i1
KKlRSMTDKYRLH
91


 


i1
KKLrSMTDKYRLH
92


 


i1
KKLRsMTDKYRLH
93


 


i1
KKLRSmTDKYRLH
94


 


i1
AKLRSMTDKYRLH
95


 


i1
KALRSMTDKYRLH
96


 


i1
KKARSMTDKYRLH
97


 


i1
KKLASMTDKYRLH
98


 


i1
KKLRAMTDKYRLH
99


 


i1
KKLRSATDKYRLH
100


 


i1
AGYQKKLRSMTDKYRL
101


 


i1
MAYQKKLRSMTDKYRL
102


 


i1
MGAQKKLRSMTDKYRL
103


 


i1
MGYAKKLRSMTDKYRL
104


 


i1
MGYQAKLRSMTDKYRL
105


 


i1
MGYQKALRSMTDKYRL
106


 


i1
MGYQKKARSMTDKYRL
107


 


i1
MGYQKKLASMTDKYRL
108


 


i1
KKLRSMADKYRLH
109


 


i1
KKLRSMTAKYRLH
110


 


i1
KKLRSMTDAYRLH
111


 


i1
KKLRSMTDKARLH
112


 


i1
KKLRSMTDKYALH
113


 


i1
KKLRSMTDKYRAH
114


 


i1
KKLRSMTDKYRLA
115


 


i1
MGYQKKLRAMTDKYRL
116


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSATDKYRL
117


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSMADKYRL
118


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSMTAKYRL
119


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSMTDAYRL
120


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSMTDKARL
121


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSMTDKYAL
122


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSMTDKYRA
123


 


i1
KKLRSMtDKYRLH
124


 


i1
KKLRSMTdKYRLH
125


 


i1
KKLRSMTDKYrLH
126


 


i1
KKLRSMTDKYRlH
127


 


i1
KKLRSMTDKYRLh
128


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSMTDKYrL
129


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSMTDKyRL
130


 


i1
MGYQICKLRSMTDkYRL
131


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSMTdKYRL
132


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSMtDKYRL
133


 


i1
mGYQKKLRSMTDKYRL
134


 


i1
MGyQKKLRSMTDKYRL
135


 


i1
MGYqCKLRSMTDKYRL
136


 


i1
MGYQkKLRSMTDKYRL
137


 


i1
MGYQKkLRSMTDKYRL
138


 


i1
MGYQKKlRSMTDKYRL
139


 


i1
MGYQKKLrSMTDKYRL
140


 


i1
MGYQKKLRsMTDKYRL
141


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSmTDKYRL
142


 


i1
KKLRSMTDKYRlS
143


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSpTDKYRL
144


 


i1
MGYQKKLRpMTDKYRL
145


 


i1
MGYQKKLpSMTDKYRL
146


 


i1
MGYQKKpRSMTDKYRL
147


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSMPDKYRL
148









In another specific embodiment, the at least three contiguous amino acids of P (e.g., at least 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, or 16) are derived from the i2 intracellular loop of the CXCR4 receptor.
In a more specific embodiment, P is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOS: 149-199 as listed in Table 3 below.









TABLE 3 





CXCR4

SEQ ID


i-Loop
Sequence
NO:







i2
DRYLAIVHATNSQRPRKLLAEK
149


 


i2
DRYLAIVHATNSQRPRKLLAE
150


 


i2
DRYLAIVHATNSQRPRKLLA
151


 


i2
DRYLAIVHATNSQRPRKLL
152


 


i2
DRYLAIVHATNSQRPRKL
153


 


i2
DRYLAIVHATNSQRPRK
154


 


i2
DRYLAIVHATNSQRPR
155


 


i2
DRYLAIVHATNSQRP
156


 


i2
DRYLAIVHATNSQR
157


 


i2
DRYLAIVHATNSQ
158


 


i2
DRYLAIVHATNS
159


 


i2
DRYLAIVHATN
160


 


i2
DRYLAIVHAT
161


 


i2
DRYLAIVHA
162


 


i2
DRYLAIVH
163


 


i2
DRYLAIV
164


 


i2
RYLAIVHATNSQRPRKLLAEK
165


 


i2
YLAIVHATNSQRPRKLLAEK
166


 


i2
LAIVHATNSQRPRKLLAEK
167


 


i2
AIVHATNSQRPRKLLAEK
168


 


i2
IVHATNSQRPRKLLAEK
169


 


i2
VHATNSQRPRKLLAEK
170


 


i2
HATNSQRPRKLLAEK-
171


 


i2
ATNSQRPRKLLAEK
172


 


i2
TNSQRPRKLLAEK
173


 


i2
NSQRPRKLLAEK
174


 


i2
SQRPRKLLAEK
175


 


i2
QRPRKLLAEK
176


 


i2
RPRKLLAEK
177


 


i2
PRKLLAEK
178


 


i2
RKLLAEK
179


 


i2
RYLAIVH-
180


 


i2
YLAIVHA
181


 


i2
LAIVHAT
182


 


i2
AIVHATN-
183


 


i2
IVHATNS-
184


 


i2
VHATNSQ
185


 


i2
HATNSQR
186


 


i2
ATNSQRP
187


 


i2
TNSQRPR-
188


 


i2
NSQRPRK
189


 


i2
SQRPRKL
190


 


i2
QRPRKLL
191


 


i2
RPRKLLA
192


 


i2
PRKLLAE
193


 


i2
VHATNSQRPRKLLAEKVVY
194


 


i2
VHATNSQRPRKLLA
195


 


i2
HATNSQRPRKL
196


 


i2
HATNSQRPRKLLA
197


 


i2
HATNSQRPRKLLAE
198


 


i2
HATNSQRPRKLLAEKV
199









In yet another specific embodiment, P comprises at least three contiguous amino (e.g., at least 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, or 16) of the i3 intracellular loop of the CXCR4 receptor.
In a more specific embodiment, P is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOS:200-254 as listed in Table 4 below.









TABLE 4 





CXCR4




i-Loop
Sequence
SEQ ID:







i3
HSKKGHQKRKALK
200


 


i3
JGYQKKLRSJTD
201


 


i3
IIISKLSHSKGHQKRKALKT
202


 


i3
IIISKLSHSKGHQKRKALK
203


 


i3
IIISKLSHSKGHQKRKAL
204


 


i3
IIISKLSHSKGHQKRKA
205


 


i3
IIISKLSHSKGHQKRK
206


 


i3
IIISKLSHSKGHQKR
207


 


i3
IIISKLSHSKGHQK
208


 


i3
IIISKLSHSKGHQ
209


 


i3
IIISKLSHSKGH
210


 


i3
IIISKLSHSKG
211


 


i3
IIISKLSHSK
212


 


i3
IIISKLSHS
213


 


i3
IIISKLSH
214


 


i3
IIISKLS
215


 


i3
IISKLSHSKGHQKRKALKT
216


 


i3
ISKLSHSKGHQKRKALKT
217


 


i3
SKLSHSKGHQKRKALKT
218


 


i3
KLSHSKGHQKRKALKT
219


 


i3
LSHSKGHQKRKALKT
220


 


i3
SHSKGHQKRKALKT
221


 


i3
HSKGHQKRKALKT
222


 


i3
SKGHQKRKALKT
223


 


i3
KGHQKRKALKT
224


 


i3
GHQKRKALKT
225


 


i3
HQKRKALKT
226


 


i3
QKRKALKT
227


 


i3
KRKALKT
228


 


i3
IISKLSH
229


 


i3
ISKLSHS
230


 


i3
SKLSHSK
231


 


i3
KLSHSKG
232


 


i3
LSHSKGH
233


 


i3
SHSKGHQ
234


 


i3
HSKGHQK
235


 


i3
SKGHQKR
236


 


i3
KGHQKRK
237


 


i3
GHQKRKA
238


 


i3
HQKRKAL
239


 


i3
QKRKALK
240


 


i3
HSKGHQKRKALKTT
241


 


i3
HSKGHQKRKALKTTV
242


 


i3
HSKGHQKRKALKTTVI
243


 


i3
HSKGHQKRKQALK
244


 


i3
KLSHSKGHQKRKA
245


 


i3
KLSHSKGHQKRKAL
246


 


i3
KLSHSKGHQKRKALK
247


 


i3
KLSHSKGHQKRKALKTTV
248


 


i3
KLSHSKGHQKRKALKTTVIL
249


 


i3
LSHSKGHQKRKALK
250


 


i3
SHSKGHQKRKALK
251


 


i3
SKLSHSKGHQKRKALK
252


 


i3
SKLSHSKGHQKRKALKTTVIL
253


 


i3
QHLHIALKKSTSRKVKSGTLK
254









In further specific embodiment, P comprises at least three contiguous amino (e.g., at least 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 or 16) of the i4 intracellular domain of the CXCR4 receptor.
In a more specific embodiment, P is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOS: 255-368 as listed in Table 5 below.









TABLE 5





CXCR4

SEQ ID


i-Loop
Sequence
NO:







i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFH
255


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSF
256


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSS
257


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESS
258


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESES
259


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESE
260


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTES
261


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTE
262


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVST
263


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVS
264


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSV
265


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSS
266


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHS
267


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGH
268


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGG
269


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRG
270


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKR
271


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGK
272


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKG
273


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSK
274


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILS
275


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKIL
276


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKI
277


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLK
278


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSL
279


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSS
280


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGS
281


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRG
282


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSR
283


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVS
284


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSV
285


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTS
286


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALT
287


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHAL
288


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHA
289


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQH
290


 


i4
AKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
291


 


i4
KFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
292


 


i4
FKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
293


 


i4
KTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
294


 


i4
TSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
295


 


i4
SAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
296


 


i4
AQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
297


 


i4
QHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
298


 


i4
HALTS VSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
299


 


i4
ALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
300


 


i4
LTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
301


 


i4
TSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
302


 


i4
SVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
303


 


i4
VSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
304


 


i4
SRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
305


 


i4
RGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
306


 


i4
GSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
307


 


i4
SSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
308


 


i4
SLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
309


 


i4
LKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
310


 


i4
KILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
311


 


i4
ILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
312


 


i4
LSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
313


 


i4
SKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
314


 


i4
KGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
315


 


i4
GKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
316


 


i4
KRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
317


 


i4
RGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
318


 


i4
GGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
320


 


i4
GHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
321


 


i4
HSSVSTESESSSFHSS
322


 


i4
SSVSTESESSSFHSS
323


 


i4
SVSTESESSSFHSS
324


 


i4
VSTESESSSFHSS
325


 


i4
STESESSSFHSS
326


 


i4
TESESSSFHSS
327


 


i4
ESESSSFHSS
328


 


i4
AKFKTSAQHA
329


 


i4
KFKTSAQHAL
330


 


i4
FKTSAQHALT
331


 


i4
KTSAQHALTS
332


 


i4
TSAQHALTSV
333


 


i4
SAQHALTSVS
334


 


i4
AQHALTSVSR
335


 


i4
QHALTSVSRG
336


 


i4
HALTSVSRGS
337


 


i4
ALTSVSRGSS
338


 


i4
LTSVSRGSSL
339


 


i4
TSVSRGSSLK
340


 


i4
SVSRGSSLKI
341


 


i4
VSRGSSLKIL
342


 


i4
SRGSSLKILS
343


 


i4
RGSSLKILSK
345


 


i4
GSSLKILSKG
346


 


i4
SSLKILSKGK
347


 


i4
SLKILSKGKR
348


 


i4
LKILSKGKRG
349


 


i4
KILSKGKRGG
350


 


i4
ELSKGKRGGH
351


 


i4
LSKGKRGGHS
352


 


i4
SKGKRGGHSS
353


 


i4
KGKRGGHSSV
354


 


i4
GKRGGHSSVS
355


 


i4
KRGGHSSVST
356


 


i4
RGGHSSVSTE
357


 


i4
GGHSSVSTES
358


 


i4
GHSSVSTESE
359


 


i4
HSSVSTESES
360


 


i4
SSVSTESESS
361


 


i4
SVSTESESSS
362


 


i4
VSTESESSSF
363


 


i4
STESESSSFH
364


 


i4
TESESSSFHS
365


 


i4
ESESSSFHSS
366


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHS
367


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSCFH
368









It is understood that the sequences presented in Tables 2-5 can be optionally functionalized at the C-terminus. Functionalized at the C-terminus means that the acid moiety present at the C-terminus is replaced by some other functional group. Suitable functional groups include —C(O)N(R2)2, —C(O)OR3, or C(O)NHC(O)OR2, where R2 is hydrogen or a an alkyl group, for example a (C1-C10) alkyl group and R3 is an alkyl group, for example, a (C1-C10) alkyl group.
In another embodiment, the C-terminus of P has a lipophilic tether moiety. In certain embodiments, the lipophilic tether moiety is attached to a NH capped C-terminus of P.
It is understood that as long as P comprises the indicated number of contiguous amino acids residues from the CXCR4 intracellular loop (i1, i2 or i3) or domain (i4) from which it is derived, the remainder of the peptide, if present, can be selected from:
(a) any natural amino acid residue, unnatural amino acid residue or a combination thereof;
(b) a peptide sequence comprising natural amino acid residues, non-natural amino acid residues and combinations thereof;
(c) a peptide sequence according to (b) comprising one or more peptide backbone modifications;
(d) a peptide sequence according to (c) comprising one or more retro-inverso peptide linkages;
(e) a peptide sequence according to (c) wherein one or more peptide bonds are replaced by




or a combination thereof;

(f) a peptide sequence according to (c) comprising one or more depsipeptide linkages, wherein the amide linkage is replaced with an ester linkage; and
(g) a peptide sequence according to (c) comprising one or more conformational restrictions; and
(h) a peptide sequence according to (c) comprising one or more of (d)-(g).
Furthermore, it is understood that even within the indicated number of contiguous amino acid residues derived from the GPCR intracellular loop (i1, i2 or i3) or domain (i4), there can be: peptide backbone modifications such as, but not limited to, those described in (e) above; retro-inverso peptide linkages; despsipeptide linkages; conformational restrictions; or a combination thereof.
It is noted that P of Formula I can optionally functionalized at the C-terminus. Functionalized at the C-terminus means that the acid moiety present at the C-terminus is replaced by some other functional group. Suitable functional groups include —C(O)N(R2)2, —C(O)OR3, or C(O)NHC(O)OR2, where R2 is hydrogen or an alkyl group, for example a (C1-C10) alkyl group and R3 is an alkyl group, for example a (C1-C10) alkyl group. Functionalization of the C-terminus can result from the methods used to prepare.
Peptidomimetic as used herein refers to a compound comprising non-peptidic structural elements in place of a peptide sequence.
As used herein, the term “amino acid” includes both a naturally occurring amino acid and a non-natural amino acid.
As used herein, the term “naturally occurring amino acid” means a compound
represented by the formula NH2—CHR—COOH, wherein R is the side chain of a naturally occurring amino acids such as lysine, arginine, serine, tyrosine etc. as shown in the Table below.










Table of Common Naturally Occurring Amino Acids













Amino acid
Three letter code
One letter code







Non-polar;
alanine
Ala
A



neutral at
isoleucine
Ile
I



pH 7.4
leucine
Leu
L




methionine
Met
M




phenylalanine
Phe
F




proline
Pro
P




tryptophan
Trp
W




valine
Val
V



Polar,
asparagine
Asn
N



uncharged
cysteine
Cys
C



at pH 7.0
glycine
Gly
G




glutamine
Gln
Q




serine
Ser
S




threonine
Thr
T




tyrosine
Tyr
Y



Polar;
glutamic acid
Glu
E



charged at
arginine
Arg
R



pH 7
aspartic acid
Asp
D




histidine
His
H




lysine
Lys
K










“Non-natural amino acid” means an amino acid for which there is no nucleic acid codon. Examples of non-natural amino acids include, for example, the D-isomers of the natural α-amino acids such as D-proline (D-P, D-Pro) as indicated above; natural α-amino acids with non-natural side chains




related to phenylalanine); Aib (aminobutyric acid), bAib (3-aminoisobutyric acid), Nva (norvaline), β-Ala, Aad (2-aminoadipic acid), bAad (3-aminoadipic acid), Abu (2-aminobutyric acid), Gaba (γ-aminobutyric acid), Acp (6-aminocaproic acid), Dbu (2,4-diaminobutryic acid), α-aminopimelic acid, TMSA (trimethylsilyl-Ala), aIle (allo-isoleucine), Nle (norleucine), tert-Leu, Cit (citrulline), Orn (ornithine, O), Dpm (2,2′-diaminopimelic acid), Dpr (2,3-diaminopropionic acid), α or β-Nal, Cha (cyclohexyl-Ala), hydroxyproline, Sar (sarcosine), and the like.

Unnatural amino acids also include cyclic amino acids; and amino acid analogs, for example, Nα-alkylated amino acids such as MeGly (Nα-methylglycine), EtGly (Nα-ethylglycine) and EtAsn (Nα-ethylasparagine); and amino acids in which the α-carbon bears two side-chain substituents. As with the natural amino acids, the residues of the unnatural amino acids are what are left behind when the unnatural amino acid becomes part of a peptide sequence as described herein.
Amino acid residues are amino acid structures as described above that lack a hydrogen atom of the amino group or the hydroxyl moiety of the carboxyl group or both resulting in the units of a peptide chain being amino-acid residues.
The D-isomers of the natural amino acids are designated herein with a lower case letter of the corresponding naturally occurring amino acid. For example, d-proline is designated “p” rather than “P” as is used for naturally occurring proline.
Tethers (T)
T of Formula I is a lipohilic tether moiety which imparts lipophilicity to the CXCR4 receptor compounds of the invention. The lipophilicity which T imparts, can promote penetration of the CXCR4 receptor compounds into the cell membrane and tethering of the CXCR4 receptor compounds to the cell membrane. As such, the lipophilicity imparted by T can facilitate interaction between the CXCR4 receptor compounds of the invention and the cognate receptor.
The relative lipophilicity of compounds suitable for use as the lipophilic tether moiety of Formula I can be quantified by measuring the amount of the compound that partitions into an organic solvent layer (membrane-like) vs. an aqueous solvent layer (analogous to the extracellular or cytoplasmic environment). The partition coefficient in a mixed solvent composition, such as octanol/water or octanol/PBS, is the ratio of compound found at equilibrium in the octanol vs. the aqueous solvent (Partition coeff P=[compound]octanol/[compound]aqueous). Frequently, the partition coefficient is expressed in logarithmic form, as the log P. Compounds with greater lipophilicity have a more positive log P than more hydrophilic compounds and tend to interact more strongly with membrane bilayers.
Computational programs are also available for calculating the partition coefficient for compounds suitable for use as the lipophilic tether moiety (T). In situations where the chemical structure is being varied in a systematic manner, for example by adding additional methylene units (—CH2—) onto to an existing alkyl group, the trend in log P can be calculated using, for example, ChemDraw (CambridgeSoft, Inc).
In one embodiment, T is an optionally substituted (C6-C30)alkyl, (C6-C30)alkenyl, (C6-C30)alkynyl wherein 0-3 carbon atoms are replaced with oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen or a combination thereof.
In a specific embodiment, the (C6-C30)alkyl, (C6-C30)alkenyl, (C6-C30)alkynyl are substituted at one or more substitutable carbon atoms with halogen, —CN, —OH, —NH2, NO2, —NH(C1-C6)alkyl, —N((C1-C6)alkyl)2, (C1-C6)alkyl, (C1-C6)haloalkyl, (C1-C6)alkoxy, (C1-C6)haloalkoxy, aryloxy, (C1-C6)alkoxycarbonyl, —CONH2, —OCONH2, —NHCONH2, —N(C1-C6)alkylCONH2, —N(C1-C6)alkylCONH(C1-C6)alkyl, —NHCONH(C1-C6)alkyl, —NHCON((C1-C6)alkyl)2, —N(C1-C6)alkylCON((C1-C6)alkyl)2, —NHC(S)NH2, —N(C1-C6)alkylC(S)NH2, —N(C1-C6)alkylC(S)NH(C1-C6)alkyl, —NHC(S)NH(C1-C6)alkyl, —NHC(S)N((C1-C6)alkyl)2, —N(C1-C6)alkylC(S)N((C1-C6)alkyl)2, —CONH(C1-C6)alkyl, —OCONH(C1-C6)alkyl —CON((C1-C6)alkyl)2, —C(S)(C1-C6)alkyl, —S(O)p(C1-C6)alkyl, —S(O)pNH2, —S(O)pNH(C1-C6)alkyl, —S(O)pN((C1-C6)alkyl)2, —CO(C1-C6)alkyl, —OCO(C1-C6)alkyl, —C(O)O(C1-C6)alkyl, —OC(O)O(C1-C6)alkyl, —C(O)H or —CO2H; and p is 1 or 2.
In a specific embodiment, T is selected from the group consisting of: CH3(CH2)9OPh-, CH3(CH2)6C═C(CH2)6, CH3(CH2)11O(CH2)3, CH3(CH2)9O(CH2)2 and CH3(CH2)13.
In a specific embodiment, T is selected from the group consisting of: CH3(CH2)16, CH3(CH2)15, CH3(CH2)14, CH3(CH2)13, CH3(CH2)12, CH3(CH2)11, CH3(CH2)10, CH3(CH2)9, CH3(CH2)8, CH3(CH2)9OPh-, CH3(CH2)6C↑C(CH2)6, CH3(CH2)11O(CH2)3, and CH3(CH2)9O(CH2)2 and CH3(CH2)13.
It is understood that the lipophilic moiety (T) of Formula I can be derived from precursor liphophilic compounds (e.g., fatty acids and bile acids). As used herein, “derived from” with regard to T, means that T is derived from a precursor lipophilic compound and that reaction of the precursor lipophilic compound in preparing the APJ receptor compounds of Formula I, results in a lipophilic tether moiety represented by T in Formula I that is structurally modified in comparison to the precursor lipophilic compound.
For example, the lipophilic tether moiety, T of Formula I, can be derived from a fatty acid or a bile acid. It is understood that in accordance with Formula I, when T is derived from a fatty acid (i.e., a fatty acid derivative) it is attached to L-P at the carbon atom alpha to the carbonyl carbon of the acid functional group in the fatty acid from which it is derived. For example, when T is derived from palmitic acid




T of Formula I has the following structure:





Similarly, when T is derived from stearic acid,





T of Formula I has the following structure:





Similarly when T is derived from 3-(dodecyloxy)propanoic acid,




T of Formula I has the following structure:





Similarly, when T is derived from 4-(undecyloxy)butanoic acid,




T of Formula I has the following structure:





Similarly, when T is derived from elaidic acid,





T of Formula I has the following structure:





Similarly, when T is derived from oleic acid,





T of Formula I has the following structure:





Similarly, when T is derived from 16-hydroxypalmitic acid,





T of Formula I has the following structure:





Similarly, when T is derived from 2-aminooctadecanoic acid





T of Formula I has the following structure:





Similarly, when T is derived from 2-amino-4-(dodecyloxy)butanoic acid




T of Formula I has the following structure:





In a further embodiment, T is derived from a fatty acid. In a specific embodiment, T is derived from a fatty acid selected from the group consisting of: butyric acid, caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, and lignoceric acid.
In another specific embodiment, T is derived from a fatty acid selected from the group consisting of: myristoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, erucic acid, docosahexaenoic acid.
In another embodiment, T of Formula I can be derived from a bile acid. Similar to the embodiment where T is a fatty acid derivative, it is understood that in accordance with Formula I, when T is derived from a bile acid (i.e., a bile acid derivative) it is attached to L-P at the carbon atom alpha to the carbonyl carbon of the acid functional group in the bile acid from which it is derived. For example, when T is derived from
lithocholic acid,




T of Formula I has the following structure:





In a further embodiment, T is derived from a bile acid. In a specific embodiment, T is derived from a bile acid selected from the group consisting of: lithocholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, deoxycholic acid, cholanic acid, cholic acid, ursocholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, isoursodeoxycholic acid, lagodeoxycholic acid, dehydrocholic acid, hyocholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid and the like.
For example, T is selected from:




In another further embodiment, T is derived from a bile acid described above that has been modified at other than the acid functional group. For example, T can be derived from any of the bile acids described above, where the hydroxy position has been modified to form an ester or a halo ester. For example, T can be:




Other lipophilic moieties suitable for use as the lipophilic membrane tether, T, of Formula I, include but are not limited to steroids. Suitable steroids include, but are not limited to, sterols; progestagens; glucocorticoids; mineralcorticoids; androgens; and estrogens. Generally any steroid capable of attachment or which can be modified for incorporation into Formula I can be used. It is understood that the lipophilic membrane tether, T, may be slightly modified from the precursor lipophilic compound as a result of incorporation into Formula I.
Suitable sterols for use in the invention at T, include but are not limited to: cholestanol, coprostanol, cholesterol, epicholesterol, ergosterol, ergocalciferol, and the like. Preferred sterols are those that provide a balance of lipophilicity with water solubility.
Suitable progestagens include, but are not limited to progesterone. Suitable glucocorticoids include, but are not limited to cortisol. Suitable mineralcorticoids include, but are not limited to aldosterone. Suitable androgens include, but are not limited to testosterone and androstenedione. Suitable estrogens include, but are not limited to estrone and estradiol.
In another specific embodiment, T can be derived from 2-tetradecanamideooctadecanoid acid. Similar to the embodiment where T is a fatty acid derivative, it is understood that in accordance with Formula I, when T is derived from 2-tetradecanamideooctadecanoid acid it is attached to L-P at the carbon atom alpha to the carbonyl carbon of the acid functional group in the bile acid from which it is derived. For example, when T is derived from 2-tetradecanamideooctadecanoid acid, the tether is:




In another embodiment, T of Formula I can be derived from 2-(5-((3aS,4S,6aR)-2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanamido)octadecanoic acid. For example, when T is derived from 2-(5-((3aS,4S,6aR)-2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanamido)octadecanoic acid, the tether is:




In yet another embodiment, T of Formula I can be:




It is understood, that the compounds can contain one of more tether moieties. In certain aspects, the tether moieties are the same. In other embodiments, the tether moieties are different.
Compounds (T-L-P)
In a first aspect, the GPCR Compound of the invention is represented by Formula I:

T-L-P,

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

    
    
        P is a peptide comprising at least three contiguous amino-acid residues
        of an intracellular i1, i2, i3 loop or an intracellular i4 domain of the CXCR4 receptor;
        L is a linking moiety represented by C(O) and bonded to P at an N terminal nitrogen of an N-terminal amino-acid residue;
        and T is a lipophilic tether moiety bonded to L, wherein the C-terminal amino acid residue of P is optionally functionalized.
    
    


In a second aspect, P comprises at least six contiguous amino acid residues.
In a third aspect, P comprises at least 3 contiguous amino acids of the i1 loop.
In a specific embodiment of the third aspect, the i1 loop of the CXCR4 receptor from which P is derived has the following sequence:









(SEQ ID NO: 370)



MGYQKKLRSMTDKYRLH.






In another embodiment of the third aspect, P is a sequence selected from:












CXCR4

SEQ ID


i-Loop
Sequence
NO:

















i1
SGYQKKLRSSTD
1


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSSTD
2


 


i1
SGYQKKLRSMTD
3


 


i1
JGYQKKLRSJTD
4


 


i1
LGYQKKLRSLTD
5


 


i1
IGYQKKLRSITD
6


 


i1
JGYQKKLRSSTD
7


 


i1
JGYQKKLRSMTD
8


 


i1
LGYQKKLRSMTD
9


 


i1
IGYQKKLRSMTD
10


 


i1
AGYQKKLRSMTD
11


 


i1
MAYQKKLRSMTD
12


 


i1
MGAQKKLRSMTD
13


 


i1
MGYAKKLRSMTD
14


 


i1
MGYQKKLRAMTD
15


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSATD
16


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSMAD
17


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSMTA
18


 


i1
MGYQAKLRSMTD
19


 


i1
MGYQKKLASMTD
20


 


i1
MGYQKALRSMTD
21


 


i1
MGYQKKARSMTD
22


 


i1
mGYQKKLRSMTD
23


 


i1
MGyQKKLRSMTD
24


 


i1
MGYqKKLRSMTD
25


 


i1
MGYQkKLRSMTD
26


 


i1
MGYQKkLRSMTD
27


 


i1
MGYQKKlRSMTD
28


 


i1
MGYQKKLrSMTD
29


 


i1
MGYQKKLRsMTD
30


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSmTD
31


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSMtD
32


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSMTd
33


 


i1
GSHYQKKLRSSTD
34


 


i1
GSGYQKKLRSSTD
35


 


i1
YQKKLRSSTD
36


 


i1
GYQKKLRSJTD
37


 


i1
GYQKKLRSLTD
38


 


i1
GYQKKLRSMTDKYRLH
39


 


i1
YQKKLRSMTDKYRLH
40


 


i1
QKKLRSMTDKYRLH
41


 


i1
KKLRSMTDKYRLH
42


 


i1
KLRSMTDKYRLH
43


 


i1
LRSMTDKYRLH
44


 


i1
RSMTDKYRLH
45


 


i1
SMTDKYRLH
46


 


i1
MTDKYRLH
47


 


i1
TDKYRLH
48


 


i1
GYQKKLRSMTDKYRL
49


 


i1
GYQKKLRSMTDKYR
50


 


i1
GYQKKLRSMTDKY
51


 


i1
GYQKKLRSMTDK
52


 


i1
GYQKKLRSMTD
53


 


i1
GYQKKLRSITD-
54


 


i1
GYQKKLRSMT
55


 


i1
GYQKKLRSM
56


 


i1
GYQKKLRS
57


 


i1
GYQKKLR
58


 


i1
YQKKLRS
59


 


i1
QKKLRSM
60


 


i1
KKLRSMT
61


 


i1
KLRSMTD
62


 


i1
LRSMTDK
63


 


i1
RSMTDKY
64


 


i1
SMTDKYR
65


 


i1
MTDKYRL
66


 


i1
KRMKTSLYDGRMQYLK
67


 


i1
sGYQKKLRSSTD
68


 


i1
KKLRSMTDKY
69


 


i1
KKLRSMTDKYR
70


 


i1
KKLRSMTDKYRL
71


 


i1
KKLRSXTDKYRLH
72



(X = Norluceine (Nle))



 


i1
KKLRSMTDKYRLHL
73


 


i1
KKLRSMTDKYRLHLSV
74


 


i1
QKKLRSMTDKYRI
75


 


i1
QKKLRSMTDKYRLHL
76


 


i1
YQKKLRSMTDKYRLHLSV
77


 


i1
LVMGYQKKLRSMTD
78


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSMTDK
79


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSMTDKY
80


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSMTDKYRI
81


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSMTDKYRL
82


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSMTDKYRLHL
83


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSMTDKYRLHLSV
84


 


i1
YTKRLDSHRKLKM
85


 


i1
VMGYQKKLRSMTD
86


 


i1
KKLCRSMTDKCYRL
87


 


i1
KKLRCSMTDCKYRL
88


 


i1
kKLRSMTDKYRLH
89


 


i1
KkLRSMTDKYRLH
90


 


i1
KKIRSMTDKYRLH
91


 


i1
KKLrSMTDKYRLH
92


 


i1
KKLRsMTDKYRLH
93


 


i1
KKLRSmTDKYRLH
94


 


i1
AKLRSMTDKYRLH
95


 


i1
KALRSMTDKYRLH
96


 


i1
KKARSMTDKYRLH
97


 


i1
KKLASMTDKYRLH
98


 


i1
KKLRAMTDKYRLH
99


 


i1
KKLRSATDKYRLH
100


 


i1
AGYQKKLRSMTDKYRL
101


 


i1
MAYQKKLRSMTDKYRL
102


 


i1
MGAQKKLRSMTDKYRL
103


 


i1
MGYAKKLRSMTDKYRL
104


 


i1
MGYQAKLRSMTDKYRL
105


 


i1
MGYQKALRSMTDKYRL
106


 


i1
MGYQKKARSMTDKYRL
107


 


i1
MGYQKKLASMTDKYRL
108


 


i1
KKLRSMADKYRLH
109


 


i1
KKLRSMTAKYRLH
110


 


i1
KKLRSMTDAYRLH
111


 


i1
KKLRSMTDKARLH
112


 


i1
KKLRSMTDKYALH
113


 


i1
KKLRSMTDKYRAH
114


 


i1
KKLRSMTDKYRLA
115


 


i1
MGYQKKLRAMTDKYRL
116


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSATDKYRL
117


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSMADKYRL
118


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSMTAKYRL
119


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSMTDAYRL
120


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSMTDKARL
121


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSMTDKYAL
122


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSMTDKYRA
123


 


i1
KKLRSMtDKYRLH
124


 


i1
KKLRSMTdKYRLH
125


 


i1
KKLRSMTDKYrLH
126


 


i1
KKLRSMTDKYRlH
127


 


i1
KKLRSMTDKYRLh
128


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSMTDKYrL
129


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSMTDKyRL
130


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSMTDkYRL
131


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSMTdKYRL
132


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSMtDKYRL
133


 


i1
mGYQKKLRSMTDKYRL
134


 


i1
MGyQKKLRSMTDKYRL
135


 


i1
MGYqKKLRSMTDKYRL
136


 


i1
MGYQkKLRSMTDKYRL
137


 


i1
MGYQKkLRSMTDKYRL
138


 


i1
MGYQKKpRSMTDKYRL
139


 


i1
MGYQKKLrSMTDKYRL
140


 


i1
MGYQKKLRsMTDKYRL
141


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSmTDKYRL
142


 


i1
KKLRSMTDKYRlS
143


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSpTDKYRL
144


 


i1
MGYQKKLRpMTDKYRL
145


 


i1
MGYQKKLpSMTDKYRL
146


 


i1
MGYQKKpRSMTDKYRL
147


 


i1
MGYQKKLRSMPDKYRL
148









It is understood that for the embodiments presented herein, that when the amino acid residues of P are represented by X, W, Y or Z that the C-terminal amino acid residue does not include the —OH of the amino acid and that the end group R1 that is bonded to the C-terminal residue includes —OH as well as other moieties defined herein.
In a more specific embodiment, the compounds is represented by Formula A:

    
    
        T-L-X1-X2-X3-X4-X5-X6-X7-X8-X9-X10-X11-X12-X13-X14-X15-X16-X17-X18-X19-X20-X21-X22-X23-X24-R1; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: L is a linking moiety represented by C(O) and bonded to the N terminal nitrogen of X1 or the next present amino acid residue if X1 is absent; T is a lipophilic tether moiety bonded to L; and R1 is OR2 or N(R2)2, each R2 is independently H or alkyl,
        wherein at least three contiguous X1-X24 amino acid residues are present, and wherein:
        X1 is a valine residue or absent
        X2 is a isoleucine residue or absent,
        X3 is a leucine residue or absent,
        X4 is a valine residue, a glycine residue or absent,
        X5 is a methionine residue, a isoleucine residue, a leucine residue, a norleucine residue, a serine residue, an alanine residue, a d-methionine residue, a d-serine residue, or absent,
        X6 is a glycine residue, an alanine residue, a histidine residue, a lysine residue or absent,
        X7 is a tyrosine residue, an alanine residue, a d-tyrosine residue, an arginine residue or absent
        X8 is a glutamine residue, an alanine residue, a d-glutamine residue, a methionine residue, a threonine residue, or a lysine residue or absent,
        X9 is a lysine residue, a d-lysine residue, a alanine residue or absent,
        X10 is a lysine residue, a d-lysine residue, a leucine residue, a threonine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        X11 is a leucine residue, a d-leucine residue, an alanine residue, an isoleucine residue, a serine residue, a cysteine residue, an arginine residue or absent,
        X12 is an arginine residue, a d-arginine residue, an alanine residue, a leucine residue, an aspartic acid residue, a cysteine residue, or absent,
        X13 is a serine residue, a d-serine residue, an alanine residue, a tyrosine residue or absent,
        X14 is a methionine residue, a serine residue, a leucine residue, an isoleucine residue, a norleucine residue, an alanine residue, a d-methionine residue, an aspartic acid residue, or absent,
        X15 is a threonine residue, a d-threonine residue, a arginine residue, a glycine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        X16 is an aspartic acid residue, and -aspartic acid residue, an alanine residue, an arginine residue, a lysine residue or absent,
        X17 is a methionine residue, a lysine residue, a histidine residue, a leucine residue, a cysteine residue or absent,
        X18 is a tyrosine residue, a glutamine residue, a leucine residue, a lysine residue, a cysteine residue or absent,
        X19 is an arginine residue, a tyrosine residue, a serine residue, a methionine residue or absent,
        X20 is a leucine residue, a isoleucine residue, an arginine residue, or a valine residue or absent,
        X21 is a histidine residue, a lysine residue, a leucine residue or absent,
        X22 is a leucine residue, a tyrosine residue or absent,
        X23 is an arginine residue, a serine residue or absent, and
        X24 is a valine residue, a leucine residue or absent;

wherein when X1-X4 and X17-X24 are absent and X5 is a methionine residue, then at least one of the amino acids of X6-X16 is an alanine residue or a d-amino acid, and wherein when X1-X6 and X17-X24 are absent and X7 is a tyrosine residue then at least one of the amino acids of X8-X16 is an alanine residue, d-amino acid or a serine residue.

    
    


In another aspect, the compound is represented wherein, X1-X4 and X17-X24 are absent and
wherein:

    
    
        X5 is a methionine residue, a d-methionine residue, an isoleucine residue, a leucine residue, a serine residue, an alanine residue, or d-a methionine residue,
        X6 is a glycine residue or an alanine residue,
        X7 is a tyrosine residue, an alanine residue, or a d-tyrosine residue,
        X8 is a glutamine residue, an alanine residue or a d-glutamine residue,
        X9 is a lysine residue, a d-lysine residue, or an alanine residue,
        X10 is a lysine residue, a d-lysine residue, or an alanine residue,
        X11 is a leucine residue, a d-leucine residue, or an alanine residue,
        X12 is an arginine residue, a d-arginine residue, or an alanine residue,
        X13 is a serine residue, a d-serine residue, or an alanine residue,
        X14 is a methionine residue, a serine residue, a leucine residue, an isoleucine residue, an alanine residue, or a d-methionine residue,
        X15 is a threonine residue, a d-threonine residue, or an alanine residue, and
        X16 is aspartic acid residue, a d-aspartic acid residue, or an alanine residue, or an arginine residue.
    
    


In yet another aspect, when X1-X4 and X21-X24 are absent, and wherein:

    
    
        X5 is a methionine residue, a d-methionine residue an alanine residue or a glycine residue,
        X6 is a glycine residue or an alanine residue,
        X7 is a tyrosine residue, a d-tyrosine residue, or an alanine residue,
        X8 is a glutamine residue, d-glutamine residue, or an alanine residue,
        X9 is a lysine residue, a d-lysine residue or an alanine residue,
        X10 is a lysine residue, a d-lysine residue or an alanine residue,
        X11 is a leucine residue, a d-leucine residue, an alanine residue, a proline residue or a d-proline residue,
        X12 is an arginine residue, a d-arginine residue, an alanine residue, a proline residue or d-proline residue,
        X13 is a serine residue, a d-serine residue, an alanine residue, a proline residue or a d-proline residue,
        X14 is a methionine residue, an alanine residue, a d-methionine residue, a d-proline residue, a glycine residue, a histidine residue, or noreleucine residue
        X15 is a threonine residue, a d-threonine residue, a d-proline residue, a proline residue or an alanine residue,
        X16 is an aspartic acid residue, a d-aspartic acid residue, or an alanine residue,
        X17 is a lysine residue, a d-lysine residue or an alanine residue,
        X18 is a tyrosine residue, a d-tyrosine residue, or an alanine residue,
        X19 is an arginine residue, a lysine residue, or a d-arginine residue, and
        X20 is a leucine residue, a d-leucine residue, an alanine residue, a noreleucine residue, an isoleucine residue or a valine residue.
    
    


In another aspect, when X1-X8 are absent, and wherein:

    
    
        X9 is a lysine residue, a d-lysine residue or an alanine residue,
        X10 is a lysine residue, a d-lysine residue or an alanine residue,
        X11 is a leucine residue, a d-leucine residue or an alanine residue,
        X12 is an arginine residue, a d-arginine residue or an alanine residue,
        X13 is a serine residue, a d-serine residue or an alanine residue,
        X14 is a methionine residue, a d-methionine residue, a norleucine residue or an alanine residue,
        X15 is a threonine residue, a d-threonine residue, or an alanine residue,
        X16 is an aspartic acid residue, a d-aspartic acid residue, or an alanine residue,
        X17 is a lysine residue, a d-lysine residue or an alanine residue,
        X18 is a tyrosine residue, a d-tyrosine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        X19 is an arginine residue, a d-arginine, an alanine residue or absent,
        X20 is leucine residue, a d-leucine, an alanine or absent,
        X21 is a histidine residue, a d-histidine residue, a d-serine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        X22 is leucine residue, isoleucine residue or absent,
        X23 is a serine residue or absent, and
        X24 is a valine residue or absent. In another embodiment, X22, X23 and X24 are absent.
    
    


In yet another specific aspect, X1-X5 and X22-X24 are absent, and wherein:

    
    
        X6 is a glycine residue or absent,
        X7 is a tyrosine residue or absent,
        X8 is a glutamine residue or absent,
        X9 is a lysine residue or absent,
        X10 is a lysine residue or absent,
        X11 is a leucine residue or absent,
        X12 is an arginine residue or absent,
        X13 is a serine residue or absent,
        X14 is a methionine residue or absent,
        X15 is a threonine residue,
        X16 is an aspartic acid residue,
        X17 is a lysine residue,
        X18 is a tyrosine residue,
        X19 is an arginine residue,
        X20 is a leucine residue, and
        X21 is a histidine residue.
    
    


In another specific aspect, X1-X5 and X22-X24 are absent, and wherein:

    
    
        X6 is a glycine residue,
        X7 is a tyrosine residue,
        X8 is a glutamine residue,
        X9 is a lysine residue,
        X10 is a lysine residue,
        X11 is a leucine residue,
        X12 is an arginine residue,
        X13 is a serine residue or absent,
        X14 is a methionine residue or absent,
        X15 is threonine residue or absent,
        X16 is an aspartic acid residue or absent,
        X17 is a lysine residue or absent,
        X18 is a tyrosine residue or absent,
        X19 is an arginine residue or absent,
        X20 is a leucine residue or absent, and
        X21 is a histidine residue or absent.
    
    


In another embodiment, compounds wherein X1-X5 and X21-X24 are absent, wherein at least seven contiguous amino acid residues are present, and wherein:

    
    
        X6 is a glycine residue or absent,
        X7 is a tyrosine residue or absent,
        X8 is a glutamine residue or absent,
        X9 is a lysine residue or absent,
        X10 is a lysine residue or absent,
        X11 is a leucine residue or absent,
        X12 is a an arginine residue or absent,
        X13 is a serine residue or absent,
        X14 is a methionine residue or absent
        X15 is a threonine residue or absent,
        X16 is an aspartic acid residue or absent,
        X17 is a lysine residue or absent,
        X18 is a tyrosine residue or absent,
        X19 is an arginine residue or absent, and
        X20 is a leucine residue or absent.
    
    


In a further embodiment,

    
    
        X3 is a leucine residue or absent,
        X4 is a glycine residue or absent,
        X5 is a serine residue, a d-serine residue or absent,
        X6 is a glycine residue, a histidine residue, a lysine residue or absent,
        X7 is a tyrosine residue or an arginine residue,
        X8 is a glutamine residue, or a methionine residue,
        X9 is a lysine residue,
        X10 is a lysine residue or a threonine residue,
        X11 is a leucine residue or a serine residue,
        X12 is an arginine residue, or a leucine residue,
        X13 is a serine residue, or a tyrosine residue,
        X14 is a serine residue, a leucine residue, an isoleucine residue, or an aspartic acid residue,
        X15 is a threonine residue or a glycine residue,
        X16 is an aspartic acid residue or an arginine residue,
        X17 is a methionine residue or absent,
        X18 is a glutamine residue or absent,
        X19 is, a tyrosine residue or absent,
        X20 is a leucine residue, a isoleucine residue, an arginine residue, a valine residue or absent,
        X21 is a histidine residue, a lysine residue, or absent,
        X22 is a leucine residue or absent,
        X23 is a serine residue or absent, and
        X24 is a valine residue or absent.
    
    


In a more specific embodiment, the compounds are selected from any one of Compound Nos. 1-73 and 117-194 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. For example, the compound is selected from any one of Compounds Nos. 1-73 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In another example the compound is selected from any one of Compound Nos. 117-194 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
In a more specific embodiment, the compound is selected from:







or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In a fourth aspect, P comprises at least 3 contiguous amino acids of the i2 loop.
In a specific embodiment of the fourth aspect, the i2 loop of the CXCR4 receptor from which P is derived has the following sequence:









(SEQ ID NO: 371)



DRYLAIVHATNSQRPRKLLAEK.






In another embodiment of the fourth aspect, P is a sequence selected from SEQ ID NOS:149-199:












CXCR4

SEQ ID


i-Loop
Sequence
NO:

















i2
DRYLAIVHATNSQRPRKLLAEK
149


 


i2
DRYLAIVHATNSQRPRKLLAE
150


 


i2
DRYLAIVHATNSQRPRKLLA
151


 


i2
DRYLAIVHATNSQRPRKLL
152


 


i2
DRYLAIVHATNSQRPRKL
153


 


i2
DRYLAIVHATNSQRPRK
154


 


i2
DRYLAIVHATNSQRPR
155


 


i2
DRYLAIVHATNSQRP
156


 


i2
DRYLAIVHATNSQR
157


 


i2
DRYLAIVHATNSQ
158


 


i2
DRYLAIVHATNS
159


 


i2
DRYLAIVHATN
160


 


i2
DRYLAIVHAT
161


 


i2
DRYLAIVHA
162


 


i2
DRYLAIVH
163


 


i2
DRYLAIV
164


 


i2
RYLAIVHATNSQRPRKLLAEK
165


 


i2
YLAIVHATNSQRPRKLLAEK
166


 


i2
LAIVHATNSQRPRKLLAEK
167


 


i2
AIVHATNSQRPRKLLAEK
168


 


i2
IVHATNSQRPRKLLAEK
169


 


i2
VHATNSQRPRKLLAEK
170


 


i2
HATNSQRPRKLLAEK-
171


 


i2
ATNSQRPRKLLAEK
172


 


i2
TNSQRPRKLLAEK
173


 


i2
NSQRPRKLLAEK
174


 


i2
SQRPRKLLAEK
175


 


i2
QRPRKLLAEK
176


 


i2
RPRKLLAEK
177


 


i2
PRKLLAEK
178


 


i2
RKLLAEK
179


 


i2
RYLAIVH-
180


 


i2
YLAIVHA
181


 


i2
LAIVHAT
182


 


i2
AIVHATN-
183


 


i2
IVHATNS-
184


 


i2
VHATNSQ
185


 


i2
HATNSQR
186


 


i2
ATNSQRP
187


 


i2
TNSQRPR-
188


 


i2
NSQRPRK
189


 


i2
SQRPRKL
190


 


i2
QRPRKLL
191


 


i2
RPRKLLA
192


 


i2
PRKLLAE
193


 


i2
VHATNSQRPRKLLAEKVVY
194


 


i2
VHATNSQRPRKLLA
195


 


i2
HATNSQRPRKL
196


 


i2
HATNSQRPRKLLA
197


 


i2
HATNSQRPRKLLAE
198


 


i2
HATNSQRPRKLLAEKV
199









In a more specific embodiment, a compound of the invention is represented by Formula B or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: wherein

T-L-Y1-Y2-Y3-Y4-Y5-Y6-Y7-Y8-Y9-Y10-Y11-Y12-Y13-Y14-Y15-Y16-Y17-Y18-Y19-Y20-Y21-Y22-Y23-Y24-Y25-R1,

wherein L is a linking moiety represented by C(O) and bonded to the N terminal nitrogen of Y1 or the next present amino acid residue if Y1 is absent; T is a lipophilic tether moiety bonded to L; and R1 is OR2 or N(R2)2, each R2 is independently H or alkyl, wherein at least three contiguous Y1-Y25 amino acid residues are present and wherein at least one of Y1-Y22 is absent, a d-amino acid residue or an alanine residue, and wherein:

    
    
        Y1 is an aspartic acid residue, a d-aspartic acid residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        Y2 is an arginine residue, a d-arginine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        Y3 is a tyrosine residue, a d-tyrosine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        Y4 is a leucine residue, a d-leucine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        Y5 is an alanine residue, a d-alanine residue or absent,
        Y6 is an isoleucine residue, a d-isoleucine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        Y7 is a valine residue, a d-valine acid residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        Y8 is a histidine residue a d-histidine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        Y9 is an alanine residue, a d-alanine residue or absent,
        Y10 is a threonine residue, a d-threonine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        Y11 is an asparagine residue, a d-asparagine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        Y12 is a serine residue, a d-serine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        Y13 is a glutamine residue, a d-glutamine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        Y14 is an arginine residue, a d-arginine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        Y15 is a proline residue, a d-proline residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        Y16 is an arginine residue, a d-arginine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        Y17 is a lysine residue, a d-lysine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        Y18 is a leucine residue, a d-leucine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        Y19 is a leucine residue, a d-leucine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        Y20 is an alanine residue, a d-alanine, an isoleucine residue, a d-isoleucine residue, an arginine residue, a d-arginine residue, a valine residue, a d-valine or absent,
        Y21 is a glutamic acid residue, a d-glutamic acid residue, an alanine residue, a d-alanine residue or absent,
        Y22 is a lysine residue, a d-lysine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        Y23 is a valine residue, a d-valine residue or absent,
        Y24 is a valine residue, a d-valine residue or absent, and
        Y25 is a tyrosine residue, a d-tyrosine residue or absent.
    
    


In another embodiment of Formula B, the compound is represented by wherein Y23-Y25 are absent, and wherein:

    
    
        Y1 is an aspartic acid residue,
        Y2 is an arginine residue,
        Y3 is a tyrosine residue,
        Y4 is a leucine residue,
        Y5 is an alanine,
        Y6 is an isoleucine residue,
        Y7 is a valine residue,
        Y8 is a histidine residue,
        Y9 is an alanine or absent,
        Y10 is a threonine or absent,
        Y11 is an asparagine or absent,
        Y12 is a serine residue or absent,
        Y13 is a glutamine residue or absent,
        Y14 is an arginine residue or absent,
        Y15 is a proline residue or absent,
        Y16 is an arginine residue or absent,
        Y17 is a lysine residue or absent,
        Y18 is a leucine residue,
        Y19 is a leucine residue,
        Y20 is an alanine residue or absent,
        Y21 is a glutamic acid residue or absent, and
        Y22 is a lysine residue or absent.
    
    


In yet another aspect, the compound of Formula B comprises, when Y1 and Y23-Y25 are absent, and wherein:

    
    
        Y2 is an arginine residue or absent,
        Y3 is a tyrosine residue or absent,
        Y4 is a leucine residue or absent,
        Y5 is an alanine residue or absent,
        Y6 is an isoleucine residue or absent,
        Y7 is a valine residue or absent,
        Y8 is a histidine residue or absent,
        Y9 is an alanine or absent,
        Y10 is a threonine or absent,
        Y11 is an asparagine or absent,
        Y12 is a serine residue or absent,
        Y13 is a glutamine residue or absent,
        Y14 is an arginine residue or absent,
        Y15 is a proline residue or absent,
        Y16 is an arginine residue or absent,
        Y17 is a lysine residue,
        Y18 is a leucine residue,
        Y19 is a leucine residue,
        Y20 is an alanine residue,
        Y21 is a glutamic acid residue, and
        Y22 is a lysine residue.
        In another specific embodiment of a compound represented by Formula B, comprises when Y23-Y25 are absent and wherein seven contiguous Y1-Y22 amino acid residues are present, and wherein,
        Y1 is an aspartic acid residue or absent,
    
    


Y2 is an arginine residue or absent,

    
    
        Y3 is a tyrosine residue or absent,
        Y4 is a leucine residue or absent,
        Y5 is an alanine residue or absent,
        Y6 is an isoleucine residue or absent,
        Y7 is a valine residue or absent,
        Y8 is a histidine residue or absent,
        Y9 is an alanine residue or absent,
        Y10 is a threonine residue or absent,
        Y11 is an asparagine residue or absent,
        Y12 is a serine residue or absent,
        Y13 is a glutamine residue or absent,
        Y14 is an arginine residue or absent;
        Y15 is a proline residue or absent,
        Y16 is an arginine residue or absent,
        Y17 is a lysine residue or absent,
        Y18 is a isoleucine residue or absent,
        Y19 is a leucine residue or absent,
        Y20 is an alanine residue or absent,
        Y21 is a glutamic acid residue or absent, and
        Y22 is a lysine residue or absent.
    
    


In a more specific embodiment of a compound represented by Formula B, when Y1-Y6 are absent and wherein:

    
    
        Y7 is a valine residue or absent,
        Y8 is a histidine residue,
        Y9 is a alanine residue,
        Y10 is a threonine residue,
        Y11 is an asparagine residue,
        Y12 is a serine residue,
        Y13 is a glutamine residue,
        Y14 is an arginine residue,
        Y15 is a proline residue,
        Y16 is an arginine residue,
        Y17 is a lysine residue,
        Y18 is a leucine residue,
        Y19 is a leucine residue or absent,
        Y20 is an alanine residue or absent,
        Y21 is a glutamic acid or absent,
        Y22 is a lysine residue or absent,
        Y23 is a valine lysine residue or absent,
        Y24 is a valine residue or absent, and
        Y25 is a tyrosine residue or absent.
    
    


In a more specific embodiment of Formula B, the CXCR4 compound is selected from any one of the Compound Nos. 74-83 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
In a fifth aspect, P comprises at least 3 contiguous amino acids of the i3 loop.
In a specific embodiment of the fifth aspect, the i3 loop of the CXCR4 receptor from which P is derived has the following sequence:









(SEQ ID NO: 372)



IIISKLSHSKGHQKRKALKTTVI.






In another embodiment of the fifth aspect, P is a sequence selected from:












CXCR4




i-Loop
Sequence
SEQ ID:







i3
HSKKGHQKRKALK
200


 


i3
JGYQKKLRSJTD
201


 


i3
IIISKLSHSKGHQKRKALKT
202


 


i3
IIISKLSHSKGHQKRKALK
203


 


i3
IIISKLSHSKGHQKRKAL
204


 


i3
IIISKLSHSKGHQKRKA
205


 


i3
IIISKLSHSKGHQKRK
206


 


i3
IIISKLSHSKGHQKR
207


 


i3
IIISKLSHSKGHQK
208


 


i3
IIISKLSHSKGHQ
209


 


i3
IIISKLSHSKGH
210


 


i3
IIISKLSHSKG
211


 


i3
IIISKLSHSK
212


 


i3
IIISKLSHS
213


 


i3
IIISKLSH
214


 


i3
IIISKLS
215


 


i3
IISKLSHSKGHQKRKALKT
216


 


i3
ISKLSHSKGHQKRKALKT
217


 


i3
SKLSHSKGHQKRKALKT
218


 


i3
KLSHSKGHQKRKALKT
219


 


i3
LSHSKGHQKRKALKT
220


 


i3
SHSKGHQKRKALKT
221


 


i3
HSKGHQKRKALKT
222


 


i3
SKGHQKRKALKT
223


 


i3
KGHQKRKALKT
224


 


i3
GHQKRKALKT
225


 


i3
HQKRKALKT
226


 


i3
QKRKALKT
227


 


i3
KRKALKT
228


 


i3
IISKLSH
229


 


i3
ISKLSHS
230


 


i3
SKLSHSK
231


 


i3
KLSHSKG
232


 


i3
LSHSKGH
233


 


i3
SHSKGHQ
234


 


i3
HSKGHQK
235


 


i3
SKGHQKR
236


 


i3
KGHQKRK
237


 


i3
GHQKRKA
238


 


i3
HQKRKAL
239


 


i3
QKRKALK
240


 


i3
HSKGHQKRKALKTT
241


 


i3
HSKGHQKRKALKTTV
242


 


i3
HSKGHQKRKALKTTVI
243


 


i3
HSKGHQKRKQALK
244


 


i3
KLSHSKGHQKRKA
245


 


i3
KLSHSKGHQKRKAL
246


 


i3
KLSHSKGHQKRKALK
247


 


i3
KLSHSKGHQKRKALKTTV
248


 


i3
KLSHSKGHQKRKALKTTVIL
249


 


i3
LSHSKGHQKRKALK
250


 


i3
SHSKGHQKRKALK
251


 


i3
SKLSHSKGHQKRKALK
252


 


i3
SKLSHSKGHQKRKALKTTVIL
253


 


i3
QHLHIALKKSTSRKVKSGTLK
254









In another aspect, a CXCR4 compound of the invention is represented by Formula C or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:

T-L-W1-W2-W3-W4-W5-W6-W7-W8-W9-W10-W11-W12-W13-W14-W15-W16-W17-W18-W19-W20-W21-W22-W23-W24-W25-W26-W27-W28-W29-W30-W31-W32-R1;

wherein L is a linking moiety represented by C(O) and bonded to W1 at an N terminal nitrogen of W1 or the next present amino acid residue if W1 is absent; T is a lipophilic tether moiety bonded to L; R1 is OR2 or N(R2)2, each R2 is independently H or alkyl, wherein at least three contiguous W1-W32 are present, and wherein: W1 is an isoleucine residue, a d-isoleucine residue, an alanine residue or absent, W2 is isoleucine residue, a d-isoleucine residue, an alanine residue or absent, W3 is isoleucine residue, a d-isoleucine residue, an alanine residue or absent, W4 is a serine residue, a d-serine residue, an alanine residue or absent, W5 is a lysine residue, a d-lysine residue, an alanine residue or absent, W6 is a leucine residue, a histidine residue, a d-leucine residue, an alanine residue or absent, W7 is a serine residue, a d-serine residue, an alanine residue or absent, W8 is a histidine residue, a d-histidine residue, an alanine residue or absent, W9 is a serine residue, a d-serine residue, an alanine residue a lysine residue, or absent, W10 is a lysine residue, a d-lysine residue, an alanine residue, a leucine residue, an isoleucine residue or absent, W11 is glycine residue, a d-glycine residue, an alanine residue or absent, W12 is a histidine residue, a d-histidine residue, an alanine residue a tyrosine residue or absent, W13 is a glutamine residue, a d-glutamine residue, an alanine residue or absent, W14 is a lysine residue, a d-lysine residue, an alanine residue or absent; W15 is an arginine residue, a d-arginine residue, an alanine residue, a lysine residue or absent, W16 is a lysine residue, a d-lysine residue, an alanine residue, a leucine residue or absent, W17 is an alanine, d-alanine, an arginine residue or absent, W18 is a leucine residue, a d-leucine residue, an alanine residue, a serine residue or absent, W19 is a lysine residue, a d-lysine residue, an alanine residue, a leucine residue, an isoleucine residue or absent, W20 is threonine, a d-threonine residue, an alanine residue leucine residue or absent, W21 is threonine, a d-threonine residue, an alanine residue a lysine residue or aspartic acid or absent, W22 is a valine, a d-valine residue, an alanine residue or absent, W23 is isoleucine residue, a d-isoleucine residue, an alanine residue a serine residue or absent, W24 is leucine residue, a d-leucine residue, an alanine residue an arginine residue or absent, W25 is a lysine residue, a d-lysine residue, an alanine residue or absent, W26 is a valine residue, a d-valine residue, an alanine residue or absent, W27 is a lysine residue, a d-lysine residue, an alanine residue or absent, W28 is a serine residue a d-serine residue, an alanine residue or absent, W29 is a glycine residue, a d-glycine residue, an alanine residue or absent, W30 is a threonine residue, a d-threonine residue, an alanine residue or absent, W31 is a leucine residue, a d-leucine residue, an alanine residue or absent, W32 is a lysine residue, a d-lysine residue, an alanine residue or absent, wherein when W20-W32 is absent at least one of W1-W23 is also absent and wherein when W1-W7 and W20-W32 is absent, at least one of W8-W19 is absent, a d-amino acid or alanine.

In another aspect, a CXCR4 compound is represented by W24-W32 are absent and wherein:

    
    
        W1 is an isoleucine residue,
        W2 is an isoleucine residue,
        W3 is an isoleucine residue,
        W4 is a serine residue,
        W5 is a lysine residue,
        W6 is a leucine residue,
        W7 is a serine residue,
        W8 is a histidine residue or absent,
        W9 is a serine residue, or absent,
        W10 is a lysine residue or absent,
        W11 is a glycine residue or absent,
        W12 is a histidine residue, or absent,
        W13 is a glutamine residue or absent,
        W14 is a lysine residue or absent,
        W15 is an arginine residue or absent,
        W16 is a lysine residue or absent,
        W17 is an alanine residue or absent,
        W18 is a leucine residue or absent,
        W19 is a lysine residue or absent,
        W20 is a threonine residue or absent,
        W21 is a threonine residue or absent,
        W22 is a valine residue or absent, and
        W23 is an isoleucine residue or absent.
    
    


In another aspect, the CXCR 4 compounds of the invention are represented when W1, W21-W32 are absent and wherein:
W2 is an isoleucine residue or absent,

    
    
        W3 is an isoleucine residue or absent,
        W4 is a serine residue or absent,
        W5 is a lysine residue or absent,
        W6 is a leucine residue or absent,
        W7 is a serine residue or absent,
        W8 is a histidine residue or absent,
        W9 is a serine residue, or absent,
        W10 is a lysine residue or absent,
        W11 is a glycine residue or absent,
        W12 is a histidine residue, or absent,
        W13 is a glutamine residue or absent,
        W14 is a lysine residue,
        W15 is an arginine residue,
        W16 is a lysine residue,
        W17 is an alanine residue,
        W18 is a leucine residue,
        W19 is a lysine residue, and
        W20 is a threonine residue.
    
    


In yet another embodiment, the CXCR4 compounds of the invention comprise seven contiguous amino acid residues of W1-W19 are present and wherein:

    
    
        W1 is an isoleucine residue or absent,
        W2 is an isoleucine residue or absent,
        W3 is an isoleucine residue or absent,
        W4 is a serine residue or absent,
        W5 is a lysine residue or absent,
        W6 is a leucine residue or absent,
        W7 is a serine residue or absent,
        W8 is a histidine residue or absent,
        W9 is a serine residue, or absent,
        W10 is a lysine residue or absent,
        W11 is a glycine residue or absent,
        W12 is a histidine residue, or absent,
        W13 is a glutamine residue or absent,
        W14 is a lysine residue or absent,
        W15 is an arginine residue or absent,
        W16 is a lysine residue or absent,
        W17 is an alanine residue or absent,
        W181 is a leucine residue or absent, and
        W19 is a lysine residue or absent,
    
    


In yet another embodiment, the CXCR4 compounds are represented when W1. W3 are absent and W25-W32 are absent, and wherein:

    
    
        W4 is a serine residue or absent,
        W5 is a lysine residue or absent,
        W6 is a leucine residue or absent,
        W7 is a serine residue or absent,
        W8 is a histidine residue,
        W9 is a serine residue,
        W10 is a lysine residue,
        W11 is a glycine residue,
        W12 is a histidine residue,
        W13 is a glutamine residue,
        W14 is a lysine residue,
        W15 is an arginine residue,
        W16 is a lysine residue,
        W17 is alanine or a glutamine residue,
        W18 is leucine residue alanine or absent,
        W19 is a lysine residue, leucine residue or absent,
        W20 is threonine or absent,
        W21 is threonine or absent,
        W22 is a valine residue or absent,
        W23 is isoleucine residue or absent,
        W24 is leucine residue or absent.
    
    


In a more specific embodiment of Formula C, the compound is selected from any one of the Compound Nos. 84, 87-106 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
In yet another embodiment, a CXCR4 compound of the invention is selected from one of the following compounds or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:







or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In a sixth aspect, P comprises at least 3 contiguous amino acids of the i4 domain.
In a specific embodiment of the sixth aspect, the i4 domain of the CXCR4 receptor from which P is derived has the following sequence:







(SEQ ID NO: 373)


GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS.






In another embodiment of the sixth aspect, P is a sequence selected from:












CXCR4

SEQ ID


i-Loop
Sequence
NO:







i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFH
255


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSF
256


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSS
257


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESS
258


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESES
259


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESE
260


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTES
261


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTE
262


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVST
263


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVS
264


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSV
265


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLK1LSKGKRGGHSS
266


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHS
267


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGH
268


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGG
269


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRG
270


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKR
271


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGK
272


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKG
273


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSK
274


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILS
275


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKIL
276


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKI
277


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLK
278


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSL
279


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSS
280


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGS
281


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRG
282


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSR
283


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVS
284


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSV
285


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTS
286


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALT
287


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHAL
288


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHA
289


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQH
290


 


i4
AKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
291


 


i4
KFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
292


 


i4
FKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
293


 


i4
KTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
294


 


i4
TSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
295


 


i4
SAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
296


 


i4
AQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
297


 


i4
QHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
298


 


i4
HALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
299


 


i4
ALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
300


 


i4
LTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
301


 


i4
TSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
302


 


i4
SVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
303


 


i4
VSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
304


 


i4
SRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
305


 


i4
RGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
306


 


i4
GSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
307


 


i4
SSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
308


 


i4
SLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
309


 


i4
LKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
310


 


i4
KILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
311


 


i4
ILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
312


 


i4
LSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
313


 


i4
SKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
314


 


i4
KGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
315


 


i4
GKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
316


 


i4
KRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
317


 


i4
RGGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
318


 


i4
GGHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
320


 


i4
GHSSVSTESESSSFHSS
321


 


i4
HSSVSTESESSSFHSS
322


 


i4
SSVSTESESSSFHSS
323


 


i4
SVSTESESSSFHSS
324


 


i4
VSTESESSSFHSS
325


 


i4
STESESSSFHSS
326


 


i4
TESESSSFHSS
327


 


i4
ESESSSFHSS
328


 


i4
AKFKTSAQHA
329


 


i4
KFKTSAQHAL
330


 


i4
FKTSAQHALT
331


 


i4
KTSAQHALTS
332


 


i4
TSAQHALTSV
333


 


i4
SAQHALTSVS
334


 


i4
AQHALTSVSR
335


 


i4
QHALTSVSRG
336


 


i4
HALTSVSRGS
337


 


i4
ALTSVSRGSS
338


 


i4
LTSVSRGSSL
339


 


i4
TSVSRGSSLK
340


 


i4
SVSRGSSLKI
341


 


i4
VSRGSSLKIL
342


 


i4
SRGSSLKILS
343


 


i4
RGSSLKILSK
345


 


i4
GSSLKILSKG
346


 


i4
SSLKILSKGK
347


 


i4
SLKILSKGKR
348


 


i4
LKILSKGKRG
349


 


i4
KILSKGKRGG
350


 


i4
ILSKGKRGGH
351


 


i4
LSKGKRGGHS
352


 


i4
SKGKRGGHSS
353


 


i4
KGKRGGHSSV
354


 


i4
GKRGGHSSVS
355


 


i4
KRGGHSSVST
356


 


i4
RGGHSSVSTE
357


 


i4
GGHSSVSTES
358


 


i4
GHSSVSTESE
359


 


i4
HSSVSTESES
360


 


i4
SSVSTESESS
361


 


i4
SVSTESESSS
362


 


i4
VSTESESSSF
363


 


i4
STESESSSFH
364


 


i4
TESESSSFHS
365


 


i4
ESESSSFHSS
366


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSSVSTESESSSFHS
367


 


i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTSVSRGSSLKILSKGKRGGHSCFH
368









In a another embodiment, CXCR4 compounds of the invention are represented by Formula D or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

T-L-Z1-Z2-Z3-Z4-Z5-Z6-Z7-Z8-Z9-Z10-Z11-Z12-Z13-Z14-Z15-Z16-Z17-Z18-Z19-Z20-Z21-Z22-Z23-Z24-Z25-Z26-Z27-Z28-Z29-Z30-Z31-Z32-Z33-Z34-Z35-Z36-Z37-Z38-Z39-Z40-Z41-Z42-Z43-Z44-Z45-Z46-Z47-R1; wherein:

L is a linking moiety represented by C(O) and bonded to the N terminal nitrogen of Z1 or the next present amino acid residue if Z1 is absent;

and T is a lipophilic tether moiety bonded to L; R1 is OR2 or N(R2)2, each R2 is independently H or alkyl, wherein at least three contiguous Z1-Z32 amino acid residues are present, and wherein:

    
    
        Z1 is a glycine residue, a d-glycine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        Z2 is an alanine residue a d-alanine residue or absent,
        Z3 is a lysine residue, a d-lysine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        Z4 is a phenylalanine residue, a d-phenylalanine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        Z5 is a lysine residue, a d-lysine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        Z6 is a threonine residue, a d-threonine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        Z7 is a serine residue a d-serine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        Z8 is an alanine residue, a d-alanine residue or absent,
        Z9 is a glutamine residue, a d-glutamine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        Z10 is a histidine residue, a d-histidine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        Z11 is an alanine residue, a d-alanine residue or absent,
        Z12 is a leucine residue, a d-leucine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        Z13 is a threonine residue, a d-threonine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        Z14 is a serine residue, a d-serine residue, an alanine residue or absent;
        Z15 is a valine residue, a d-valine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        Z16 is a serine residue, a d-serine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        Z17 is an arginine residue, a d-arginine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        Z18 is a glycine residue, a d-glycine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        Z19 is a serine residue, a d-serine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        Z20 is a serine residue, a d-serine residue, an alanine residue absent,
        Z21 is a leucine residue, a d-leucine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        Z22 is a lysine residue, a d-lysine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        Z23 is a isoleucine residue, a d-isoleucine residue, an alanine residue a serine residue or absent,
        Z24 is a leucine residue, a d-leucine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        Z25 is a serine residue, a d-serine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        Z26 is a lysine residue, a d-lysine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        Z27 is glycine residue, a d-glycine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        Z28 is a lysine residue, a d-lysine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        Z29 is an arginine residue, a d-arginine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        Z30 is a glycine residue, a d-glycine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        Z31 is a glycine residue, a d-glycine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        Z32 is a histidine residue, a d-histidine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        Z33 is a serine residue, a d-serine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        Z34 is a serine residue, a d-serine residue, an alanine residue cysteine, or absent,
        Z35 is a valine residue, a d-valine residue, an alanine residue a phenylalanine residue, or absent,
        Z36 is a serine residue, a d-serine residue, an alanine residue a histidine residue or absent,
        Z37 is a threonine residue, a d-threonine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        Z38 is a glutamic acid residue, a d-glutamic acid residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        Z39 is a serine residue, a d-serine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        Z40 is a glutamic acid, a d-glutamine acid residue, an alanine residue or absent
        Z41 is a serine residue, a d-serine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        Z42 is a serine residue, a d-serine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        Z43 is a serine residue, a d-serine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        Z44 is a phenylalanine residue, a d-phenylalanine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        Z45 is a histidine residue, a d-histidine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        Z46 is a serine residue, a d-serine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        Z47 is a serine residue, a d-serine residue, an alanine residue or absent,
        wherein at least one of Z1-Z47 is absent.
    
    


In a more specific embodiment, the CXCR4 compounds of the invention are represented by the following:

    
    
        Z1 is a glycine residue,
        Z2 is an alanine residue,
        Z3 is a lysine residue,
        Z4 is a phenylalanine residue,
        Z5 is a lysine residue,
        Z6 is a threonine residue,
        Z7 is a serine residue,
        Z8 is an alanine residue,
        Z9 is a glutamine residue,
        Z10 is a histidine residue or absent,
        Z11 is an alanine residue or absent,
        Z12 is a leucine residue or absent,
        Z13 is a threonine residue or absent,
        Z14 is a serine residue or absent,
        Z15 is a valine residue or absent,
        Z16 is a serine residue or absent,
        Z17 is an arginine residue or absent,
        Z18 is a glycine residue or absent,
        Z19 is a serine residue or absent,
        Z20 is a serine residue or absent,
        Z21 is a leucine residue or absent,
        Z22 is a lysine residue or absent,
        Z23 is an isoleucine residue, a serine residue or absent,
        Z24 is a leucine residue or absent,
        Z25 is a serine residue or absent,
        Z26 is a lysine residue or absent,
        Z27 is a glycine residue or absent,
        Z28 is a lysine residue or absent,
        Z29 is an arginine residue or absent,
        Z30 is a glycine residue or absent,
        Z31 is a glycine residue or absent,
        Z32 is a histidine residue or absent,
        Z33 is a serine residue or absent,
        Z34 is a serine residue or absent,
        Z35 is a valine residue or absent,
        Z36 is a serine residue or absent,
        Z37 is a threonine residue or absent,
        Z38 is a glutamic acid residue or absent,
        Z39 is a serine residue or absent,
        Z40 is a glutamic acid residue or absent,
        Z41 is a serine residue or absent,
        Z42 is a serine residue or absent,
        Z43 is a serine residue or absent,
        Z44 is a phenylalanine residue or absent,
        Z45 is a histidine residue or absent,
        Z46 is a serine residue or absent, and
        Z47 is a serine residue or absent.
    
    


In yet another embodiment, the CXCR4 compounds of the invention are represented by:

    
    
        Z1 is a glycine residue or absent,
        Z2 is an alanine residue or absent,
        Z3 is a lysine residue or absent,
        Z4 is a phenylalanine residue or absent,
        Z5 is a lysine residue or absent,
        Z6 is a threonine residue or absent,
        Z7 is a serine residue or absent,
        Z8 is an alanine residue or absent,
        Z9 is a glutamine residue or absent,
        Z10 is a histidine residue or absent,
        Z11, is an alanine residue or absent,
        Z12 is a leucine residue or absent,
        Z13 is a threonine residue or absent,
        Z14 is a serine residue or absent,
        Z15 is a valine residue or absent,
        Z16 is a serine residue or absent,
        Z17 is an arginine residue or absent,
        Z18 is a glycine residue or absent,
        Z19 is a serine residue or absent,
        Z20 is a serine residue absent,
        Z21 is a leucine residue or absent,
        Z22 is a lysine residue or absent,
        Z23 is an isoleucine residue, or absent,
        Z24 is a leucine residue or absent,
        Z25 is a serine residue or absent,
        Z26 is a lysine residue or absent,
        Z27 is a glycine residue or absent,
        Z28 is a lysine residue or absent,
        Z29 is an arginine residue or absent,
        Z30 is a glycine residue or absent,
        Z31 is a glycine residue or absent,
        Z32 is a histidine residue or absent,
        Z33 is a serine residue or absent,
        Z34 is a serine residue or absent,
        Z35 is a valine residue or absent,
        Z36 is a serine residue or absent,
        Z37 is a threonine residue or absent,
        Z38 is a glutamic acid residue,
        Z39 is a serine residue,
        Z40 is a glutamic acid residue,
        Z41 is a serine residue,
        Z42 is a serine residue,
        Z43 is a serine residue,
        Z44 is a phenylalanine residue,
        Z45 is a histidine residue,
        Z46 is a serine residue, and
        Z47 is a serine residue.
    
    


In a more specific embodiment, CXCR4 compounds of the invention are represented when Z1 is absent, and 10 consecutive Z2-Z47 are present wherein:

    
    
        Z2 is an alanine residue or absent,
        Z3 is a lysine residue or absent,
        Z4 is a phenylalanine residue or absent,
        Z5 is a lysine residue or absent,
        Z6 is a threonine residue or absent,
        Z7 is a serine residue or absent,
        Z8 is an alanine residue or absent,
        Z9 is a glutamine residue or absent,
        Z10 is a histidine residue or absent,
        Z11 is an alanine residue or absent,
        Z12 is a leucine residue or absent,
        Z13 is a threonine residue or absent,
        Z14 is a serine residue or absent;
        Z15 is a valine residue or absent,
        Z16 is a serine residue or absent,
        Z17 is an arginine residue or absent,
        Z18 is a glycine residue or absent,
        Z19 is a serine residue or absent,
        Z20 is a serine residue absent,
        Z21 is leucine residue or absent,
        Z22 is a lysine residue or absent,
        Z23 is an isoleucine residue, or absent,
        Z24 is a leucine residue or absent,
        Z25 is a serine residue or absent,
        Z26 is a lysine residue or absent,
        Z27 is a glycine or absent,
        Z28 is a lysine residue or absent,
        Z29 is an arginine residue or absent,
        Z30 is a glycine residue or absent,
        Z31 is a glycine residue or absent,
        Z32 is a histidine residue or absent,
        Z33 is a serine residue or absent,
        Z34 is a serine residue or absent,
        Z35 is a valine residue or absent,
        Z36 is a serine residue or absent,
        Z37 is a threonine residue or absent,
        Z38 is a glutamic acid residue,
        Z39 is a serine residue,
        Z40 is glutamic acid residue,
        Z41 is a serine residue,
        Z42 is a serine residue,
        Z43 is a serine residue,
        Z44 is a phenylalanine residue,
        Z45 is a histidine residue,
        Z46 is a serine residue, and
        Z47 is a serine residue.
    
    


In a more specific embodiment of Formula D, the CXCR4 compound is selected from any one of the Compound Nos. 107-116 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
In a seventh aspect, T is an optionally substituted (C6-C30)alkyl, (C6-C30)alkenyl, (C6-C30)alkynyl, wherein 0-3 carbon atoms are replaced with oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen or a combination thereof. This value of T is applicable to the first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth aspects and the specific (i.e., specific, more specific and most specific) embodiments of same.
In a specific embodiment of the seventh aspect, T is selected from: CH3(CH2)16, CH3(CH2)15, CH3(CH2)14, CH3(CH2)13, CH3(CH2)12, CH3(CH2)11, CH3(CH2)10, CH3(CH2)9, CH3(CH2)8, CH3(CH2)9OPh-, CH3(CH2)6C═C(CH2)6, CH3(CH2)11O(CH2)3, and CH3(CH2)9O(CH2)2.
In another specific embodiment of the seventh aspect, T is a fatty acid derivative.
In a more specific embodiment of the seventh aspect, the fatty acid is selected from the group consisting of: butyric acid, caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid, myristoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, erucic acid, docosahexaenoic acid.
In an eighth aspect, T is a bile acid derivative. This value of T is applicable to the first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth aspects and the specific (i.e., specific, more specific and most specific) embodiments of same.
In a specific embodiment of the eighth aspect, the bile acid is selected from the group consisting of: lithocholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, deoxycholic acid, cholanic acid, cholic acid, ursocholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, isoursodeoxycholic acid, lagodeoxycholic acid, dehydrocholic acid, hyocholic acid, and hyodeoxycholic acid.
In a ninth aspect, T is selected from sterols; progestagens; glucocorticoids; mineralcorticoids; androgens; and estrogens. This value of T is applicable to the first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth aspects and the specific (i.e., specific, more specific and most specific) embodiments of same.
In a tenth aspect, T-L of Formula I is represented by a moiety selected from the group consisting of:
CH3(CH2)15—C(O);
CH3(CH2)13—C(O);
CH3(CH2)9O(CH2)2C(O);
CH3(CH2)10O(CH2)2C(O);
CH3(CH2)6C═C(CH2)6—C(O);
LCA-C(O); and
CH3(CH2)9OPh-C(O) wherein




In an eleventh aspect, T of Formula I is represented by a moiety selected from the group consisting of:




In a twelfth aspect, the CXCR4 receptor compounds are selected from the compounds represented in Tables 6-13, excluding controls and those compounds not with the structure of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.







TABLE 6 







CXCR4 i1 loop compounds












No.
Loop
Sequence
Lipid
Comments
MW















1
i1
AGYQKKLRSMT
Pal

1635.024




D (SEQ ID NO: 11)





 


2
i1
MAYQKKLRSMT
Pal

1709.168




D (SEQ ID NO: 12)





 


3
i1
MGAQKKLRSMT
Pal

1603.046




D (SEQ ID NO: 13) 





 


4
i1
MGYAKKLRSMT
Pal

1638.09




D (SEQ ID NO: 14)





 


5
i1
MGYQKKLRAMT
Pal

1679.142



 
D (SEQ ID NO: 15)





 


6
i1
MGYQKKLRSAT
Pal

1635.024




D (SEQ ID NO: 16)





 


7
i1
MGYQKKLRSMA
Pal

1665.116




D (SEQ ID NO: 17)





 


8
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
Pal

1651.132




A(SEQ ID NO: 18) 





 


9
i1
MGYQAKLRSMT
Pal

1638.047



 
D (SEQ ID NO: 19)





 


10
i1
MGYQKKLASMT
Pal

1610.034




D (SEQ ID NO: 20) 





 


11
i1
MGYQKALRSMT
Pal

1638.047




D (SEQ ID NO: 21) 





 


12
i1
MGYQKKARSMT
Pal

1653.062




D (SEQ ID NO: 22) 





 


13
i1
mGYQKKLRSMT
Pal
D-
1695.142




D (SEQ ID NO: 23)

Methionine



 


14
i1
MGyQKKLRSMT
Pal
D-Tyrosine
1695.142




D (SEQ ID NO: 24) 





 


15
i1
MGYqKKLRSMT
Pal
D-
1695.142




D (SEQ ID NO: 25)

Glutamine



 


16
i1
MGYQkKLRS MT
Pal
D-Lysine
1695.142




D (SEQ ID NO: 26) 





 


17
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
Pal
D-Lysine
1695.142




D (SEQ ID NO: 27) 





 


18
i1
MGYQKKIRSMT
Pal
D-Leucine
1695.142




D (SEQ ID NO: 28) 





 


19
i1
MGYQKKLrSMT
Pal
D-Arginine
1695.142




D (SEQ ID NO: 29) 





 


20
i1
MGYQKKLRsMT
Pal
D-Serine
1695.142




D (SEQ ID NO: 30)





 


21
i1
MGYQKKLRSmT
Pal
D-
1695.142




D (SEQ ID NO: 31)

Methionine



 


22
i1
MGYQKKLRSMt
Pal
D-
1695.142




D (SEQ ID NO: 32)

Threonine



 


23
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
Pal
D-Aspartic
1695.142




d (SEQ ID NO: 33)

acid



 


24
i1
GSHYQKKLRSST
Pal

1744.043




D (SEQ ID NO: 34)





 


25
i1
SGYQKKLRSSTD
Elaidic

1632.942




(SEQ ID NO: 1)





 


26
i1
SGYQKKLRSSTD
Oleic

1618.915




(SEQ ID NO: 1)





 


27
i1
sGYQKKLRS STD
Pal
D-Serine
1606.904




(SEQ ID NO: 68)





 


28
i1
GSGYQKKLRSST
Pal

1663.955




D (SEQ ID NO: 35)





 


29
i1
YQKKLRSSTD
Pal

1462.776




(SEQ ID NO: 36)





 


30
i3
JGYQKKLRSJTD
Pal

1659.065




(SEQ ID NO: 4)





 


31
i3
JGYQKKLRSJTD
Pal

1645.038




(SEQ ID NO: 4)





 


32

MGYQKKLRSMT
None
capped
1498.77


(control)
i1
D (SEQ ID NO: 376)

peptide



 


33
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
C16H33
Pentadecyla-
1964.505




D (SEQ ID NO: 376)
backbone
lanine with







Biotin



 


34
i1
LVMGYQKKLRS
Pal

1907.43




MTD (SEQ ID NO: 78)





 


35
i1
VMGYQKKLRSM
Pal

1794.273




TD (SEQ ID NO: 86)





 


36
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
Pal

1823.314




DK (SEQ ID NO: 79)





 


37
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
Pal

1986.487




DKY (SEQ ID NO: 80)





 


38
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
Pal

2255.831




DKYRL (SEQ ID NO: 82)





 


39
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
Pal

2506.127




DKYRLHL (SEQ ID NO: 83)





 


40
i1
YQKKLRSMTDK
Pal

2504.088




YRLHLSV (SEQ ID







NO: 77)





 


41
i1
KKLRSMTDKYR
Pal

2212.786




LHLSV (SEQ ID NO: 74)





 


42
i1
KKLRSMTDKYR
Pal

2026.578




LHL (SEQ ID NO: 73)





 


43
i1
KKLRSMTDKYR
Pal

1913.42




LH (SEQ ID NO: 42)





 


44
i1
KKLRSMTDKYR
Pal

1776.281




L (SEQ ID NO: 71)





 


45
i1
KKLRSMTDKYR
Pal

1663.123




(SEQ ID NO: 70)





 


46
i1
KKLRSMTDKY
Pal

1506.937




(SEQ ID NO: 69)





 


47
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT

lipid on
2480.256




DKYRI (SEQ ID NO: 81)
Pal
both termini



 


48
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
Myr
also on
2509.254




DKYRI (SEQ ID NO: 81)

backbone



 


49
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
Pal

2255.831




DKYRI (SEQ ID NO: 81)





 


50
i1
SGYQKKLRSSTD
Myr
also
1860.328




(SEQ ID NO: 1)

backbone







lipid



 


51
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
Myr
also backbone
1948.565




D (SEQ ID NO: 376)
NH(CH2)15-
lipid



 


52
i1
QKKLRSMTDKY
CH3

1932.463




RI (SEQ ID NO: 75)





 


53
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
Pal
also C-
2730.553




DKYRLHL (SEQ ID NO: 83)

terminus



 


54
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
Myr
dual lipid
2759.551




DKYRLHL (SEQ ID NO: 83)

backbone



 


55
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
Pal

2692.336




DKYRLHLSV (SEQ ID NO: 







84)





 


56
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
Myr
dual lipid
2945.759




DKYRLHLSV

backbone





(SEQ ID NO: 84)





 


58
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT

capped
1626.942




DK (SEQ ID NO: 79)

peptide



 


59
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
NH(CH2)

1851.367




DK (SEQ ID NO: 79)
15-CH3




 


60
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
Myr
Dual
2076.737




DK (SEQ ID NO: 79)

peptide Myr







and C16







backbone



 


61
i1
KKLCRSMTDKC
Pal
4, 11 Cys
1980.551




YRL (SEQ ID NO: 87)

cyclization



 


62
i1
KKLRCSMTDCK
Pal
5, 10 Cys
1980.551




YRL (SEQ ID NO: 88)

cyclization



 


63
i1
KKLRSMTDKYR
Pal
head to tail
1802.318




L (SEQ ID NO: 71)

cyclized



 


64
i1
KKLRSMTDKYR
Pal

1820.333




L (SEQ ID NO: 71)





 


65
i1
KRMKTSLYDGR
Pal
scrambled
2255.831




MQYLK (SEQ ID NO: 67)

No.: 39



 


66
i1
YTKRLDSHRKLK
Pal
scrambled
1913.42




M (SEQ ID NO: 85)

No. 44



 


67
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT


2060:447




DKYRL (SEQ ID NO: 82)





 


68
i1
KKLRSXTDKYRL
Pal
X = Norluecine
1895.382




H (SEQ ID NO: 72)

substitution



 


69
i1
SGYQKKLRSSTD
Pal

1606.904




(SEQ ID NO: 1)





 


70
i1
SGYQKKLRSSTD
Myr

1565.852




(SEQ ID NO: 1)





 


71
i1
SGYQKKLRSSTD
Lca

1727.053




(SEQ ID NO: 1)





 


72
i1
MGYQKKLRSST
Pal

1651.023




D (SEQ ID NO: 2)





 


73
i1
SGYQKKLRSMT
Pal

1651.023




D (SEQ ID NO: 3)





 


117
i1
kKLRSMTDKYRL
Pal






H (SEQ ID NO: 89)





 


118
i1
KkLRSMTDKYRL
Pal






H (SEQ ID NO: 90)





 


119
i1
KKlRSMTDKYRL
Pal






H (SEQ ID NO: 91)





 


120
i1
KKLTSMTDKYRL
Pal






H (SEQ ID NO: 92)





 


121
i1
KKLRsMTDKYRL
Pal






H (SEQ ID NO: 93)





 


122
i1
KKLRSmTDKYR
Pal






LH (SEQ ID NO: 94)





 


123
i1
AKLRSMTDKYR
Pal






LH (SEQ ID NO: 95)





 


124
i1
KALRSMTDKYR
Pal






LH (SEQ ID NO: 96)





 


125
i1
KKARSMTDKYR
Pal






LH (SEQ ID NO: 97)





 


126
i1
KKLASMTDKYR
Pal






LH (SEQ ID NO: 98)





 


127
i1
KKLRAMTDKYR
Pal






LH (SEQ ID NO: 99)





 


128
i1
KKLRSATDKYRL
Pal






H (SEQ ID NO: 100)





 


129
i1
AGYQKKLRSMT
Pal






DKYRL (SEQ ID NO: 101)





 


130
i1
MAYQKKLRSMT
Pal






DKYRL (SEQ ID NO: 102)





 


131
i1
MGAQKKLRSMT
Pal






DKYRL (SEQ ID NO: 103)





 


132
i1
MGYAKKLRSMT
Pal






DKYRL (SEQ ID NO: 104)





 


133
i1
MGYQAKLRSMT
Pal






DKYRL (SEQ ID NO: 105)





 


134
i1
MGYQKALRSMT
Pal






DKYRL (SEQ ID NO: 106)





 


135
i1
MGYQKKARSMT
Pal






DKYRL (SEQ ID NO: 107)





 


136
i1
MGYQKKLASMT
Pal






DKYRL (SEQ ID NO: 108)





 


137
i1
KKLRSMTDKYR
Myr






LH (SEQ ID NO: 42)





 


138
i1
KKLRSMTDKYR
Lca






LH (SEQ ID NO: 42)





 


139
i1
KKLRSMADKYR
Pal






LH (SEQ ID NO: 109)





 


140
i1
KKLRSMTAKYR
Pal






LH (SEQ ID NO: 110)





 


141
i1
KKLRSMTDAYR
Pal






LH (SEQ ID NO: 111)





 


142
i1
KKLRSMTDKAR
Pal






LH (SEQ ID NO: 112)





 


143
i1
KKLRSMTDKYA
Pal






LH (SEQ ID NO: 113)





 


144
i1
KKLRSMTDKYR
Pal






AH (SEQ ID NO: 114)





 


145
i1
KKLRSMTDKYR
Pal






LA (SEQ ID NO: 115)





 


146
i1
MGYQKKLRAMT
Pal






DKYRL (SEQ ID NO: 116)





 


147
i1
MGYQKKLRSAT
Pal






DKYRL (SEQ ID NO: 117)





 


148
i1
MGYQKKLRSMA







DKYRL (SEQ ID NO: 118)
Pal




 


149
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT







AKYRL (SEQ ID NO: 119)
Pal




 


150
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT







DAYRL (SEQ ID NO: 120)
Pal




 


151
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
Pal






DKARL(SEQ ID NO: 121)





 


152
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
Pal






DKYAL (SEQ ID NO: 122)





 


153
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
Pal






DKYRA (SEQ ID NO: 123)





 


154
i1
KKLRSMtDKYRL
Pal






H (SEQ ID NO: 124)





 


155
i1
KKLRSMTdKYRL
Pal






H (SEQ ID NO: 125)





 


156
i1
KKLRSMTDKYrL
Pal






H (SEQ ID NO: 126)





 


157
i1
KKLRSMTDKYRl
Pal






H (SEQ ID NO: 127)





 


158
i1
KKLRSMTDKYR
Pal






Lh (SEQ ID NO: 128)





 


159
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
Pal






DKYR1 (SEQ ID NO: 381)





 


160
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
Pal






DKYrL (SEQ ID NO: 129)





 


161
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
Pal






DKyRL (SEQ ID NO: 130)





 


162
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
Pal






DkYRL (SEQ ID NO: 131)





 


163
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
Pal






dKYRL (SEQ ID NO: 132)





 


164
i1
MGYQKKLRSMt
Pal






DKYRL (SEQ ID NO: 133)





 


165
i1
mGYQKKLRSMT
Pal






DKYRL (SEQ ID NO: 134)





 


166
i1
MGyQKKLRSMT
Pal






DKYRL (SEQ ID NO: 135)





 


167

MGYqKKLRSMT
Pal






DKYRL (SEQ ID NO: 136)





 


168
i1
MGYQkKLRSMT
Pal






DKYRL (SEQ ID NO: 137)





 


169
i1
MGYQKkLRSMT
Pal






DKYRL (SEQ ID NO: 138)





 


170
i1
MGYQKKIRSMT
Pal






DKYRL (SEQ ID NO: 139)





 


171
i1
MGYQKKLISMT
Pal






DKYRL (SEQ ID NO: 140)





 


172

MGYQKKLRsMT
Pal






DKYRL (SEQ ID NO: 141)





 


173
i1
MGYQKKLRSmT
Pal






DKYRL (SEQ ID NO: 142)





 


174
i1
KKLRSMTDKYRl
Pal






S (SEQ ID NO: 143)





 


175
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
Pal






DKYRL (SEQ ID NO: 82)





 


176
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
Elaidic






DKYRL (SEQ ID NO: 82)





 


177
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
Oleic






DKYRL (SEQ ID NO: 82)





 


178
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
3-






DKYRL (SEQ ID NO: 82)
(dodecyloxy)







propanoate




 


179
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
16-hydroxy-






DKYRL (SEQ ID NO: 82)
Pal




 


180
i1
KKLRSMTDKYR
Pal






LH (SEQ ID NO: 42)





 


181
i1
KKLRSMTDKYR
3-(dodecyl






LH (SEQ ID NO: 42)
oxy)pro







panoate




 


182
i1
KKLRSMTDKYR
16-






LH (SEQ ID NO:42)
hydroxy-







Pal




 


183
i1
KKLRSMTDKYR







LH (SEQ ID NO: 42)





 


184
i1
KKLRSMTDKYR







LH (SEQ ID NO: 42)





 


185
i1
KKLRSMTDKYR







LH (SEQ ID NO: 42)





 


186
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT







DKYRL (SEQ ID NO: 82)





 


187
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT







DKYRL (SEQ ID NO: 82)





 


188
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT







DKYRL (SEQ ID NO: 82)





 


189
i1
MGYQKKLRSpT
Pal






DKYRL (SEQ ID NO: 144)





 


190
i1
MGYQKKLRpMT
Pal






DKYRL (SEQ ID NO: 145)





 


191
i1
MGYQKKLpSMT
Pal






DKYRL (SEQ ID NO: 146)





 


192
i1
MGYQKKpRSMT
Pal






DKYRL (SEQ ID NO: 147)





 


193
i1
MGYQKKLRSMP
Pal






DKYRL (SEQ ID NO: 148)





 


194
i1  
XGYQKKRLSXT
C15H31(CO)






DKYRL  (SEQ ID NO: 382)







X = noreleucine
















TABLE 7







CXCR4 it loop compound structures








Comp. #
Structure





 1






 


 2






 


 3






 


 4






 


 5






 


 6






 


 7






 


 8






 


 9






 


 10






 


 11






 


 12






 


 13






 


 14






 


 15






 


 16






 


 17






 


 18






 


 19






 


 20






 


 21






 


 22






 


 23






 


 24






 


 25






 


 26






 


 27






 


 28






 


 29






 


 30






 


 31






 


 32






 


 33






 


 34






 


 35






 


 36






 


 37






 


 38






 


 39






 


 40






 


 41






 


 42






 


 43






 


 44






 


 45






 


 46






 


 47






 


 48






 


 49






 


 50






 


 51






 


 52






 


 53






 


 54






 


 55






 


 56






 


 58






 


 59






 


 60






 


 61






 


 62






 


 63






 


 64






 


 65






 


 66






 


 67






 


 68






 


 69






 


 70






 


 71






 


 72






 


 73






 


117






 


118






 


119






 


120






 


121






 


122






 


123






 


124






 


125






 


126






 


127






 


128






 


129






 


130






 


131






 


132






 


133






 


134






 


135






 


136






 


137






 


138






 


139






 


140






 


141






 


142






 


143






 


144






 


145






 


146






 


147






 


148






 


149






 


150






 


151






 


152






 


153






 


154






 


155






 


156






 


157






 


158






 


159






 


160






 


161






 


162






 


163






 


164






 


165






 


166






 


167






 


168






 


169






 


170






 


171






 


172






 


173






 


174






 


175






 


176






 


177






 


178






 


179






 


180






 


181






 


182






 


183






 


184






 


185






 


186






 


187






 


188






 


189






 


190






 


191






 


192






 


193






 


194




















TABLE 8 







CXCR4 i2 loop compounds












No.
Loop
Sequence
Lipid
MW
Comments





74
i2
DRYLAIVHATNSQRPR
Pal
2713.439
Dual Lipid




KLL (SEQ ID NO: 152),





 


75
i2
VHATNSQRPRKLLAEK
Pal
2446.974





VVY (SEQ ID NO: 194),





 


76
i2
DRYLAIVHATNSQRPR
Myr
2742.438
second




KLL (SEQ ID NO: 152),


lipid on







backbone


 


77
i2
DRYLAIVHATNSQRPR
Pal
2489.014





KLL (SEQ ID NO: 152),





 


78
i2
VHATNSQRPRKLLA
Pal
1828.253





(SEQ ID NO: 195),





 


79
i2
HATNSQRPRKL (SEQ
Pal
1544.886





ID NO: 196),





 


80
i2
HATNSQRPRKLLA
Pal
1729.121





(SEQ ID NO: 197),





 


81
i2
HATNSQRPRKLLAE
Pal
1858.235





(SEQ ID NO: 198),





 


82
i2
HATNSQRPRKLLAEK
Pal
1986.408





(SEQ ID NO: 171),





 


83
i2
HATNSQRPRKLLAEKV
Pal
2085.539





(SEQ ID NO: 199),
















TABLE 9







CXCR4 i2 loop compound structures








Comp. 



#
Structure





74






 


75






 


76






 


77






 


78






 


79






 


80






 


81






 


82






 


83




















TABLE 10 







CXCR4 i3 loop compounds













Loop
Sequence
Lipid
Comments
MW















84
i3
HSKKGHQKRKALK
Pal

1783.258




(SEQ. ID NO: 200)





 


85
i3
HSKGHQKRKALK
Pal

1655.086




(SEQ. ID NO: 369)





 


87
i3
HSKGHQKRKQALK
C16H33
Pentadecyl-
1924.449




(SEQ ID NO: 244)

alanine







with Biotin



 


88
i3
SKLSHSKGHQKRKAL
Pal

2598.225




KTTVIL







(SEQ ID NO: 253)





 


89
i3
KLSHSKGHQKRKALK
Pal

2511.147




TTVIL (SEQ ID NO: 







249)





 


90
i3
KLSHSKGHQKRKALK
Pal

2284.832




TTV (SEQ ID NO: 







248)





 


91
i3
KLSHSKGHQKRKALK
Pal

2084.597




T(SEQ ID NO: 219)





 


92
i3
KLSHSKGHQKRKALK
Pal

1983.493




(SEQ ID NO: 247)





 


93
i3
KLSHSKGHQKRKAL
Pal

1855.321




(SEQ ID NO: 246)





 


94
i3
KLSHSKGHQKRKA
Pal

1742.163




(SEQ ID NO: 245)





 


95
i3
LSHSKGHQKRKALK
Pal

1855.321




(SEQ ID NO: 250)





 


96
i3
SHSKGHQKRKALK
Pal

1742.163




(SEQ ID NO: 251)





 


97
i3
HSKGHQKRKALKT
Pal

1756.19




(SEQ ID NO: 222)





 


98
i3
HSKGHQKRKALKTT
Pal

1857.294




(SEQ ID NO: 241)





 


99
i3
HSKGHQKRKALKTTV
Pal

1956.425




(SEQ ID NO: 242)





 


100
i3
HSKGHQKRKALKTTV
Pal

2069.583




I (SEQ ID NO: 243)





 


101
i3
SKLSHSKGHQKRKAL
Pal

2070.571




K (SEQ ID NO: 252)





 


102
i3
IIISKLSHSKGHQKRKA
Pal

2511.147




LKT (SEQ ID NO: 







202)





 


103
i3
IIISKLSHSKGHQKRKA
myr
dula lipid,
2765.556




LKT (SEQ ID NO: 

backbone





202)





 


104
i3
IIISKLSHSKGHQKRKA
Pal
dual lipid
2735.573




LKT (SEQ ID NO: 







202)





 


105
i3
KLSHSKGHQKRKALK
Myr
Dual lipid,
2764.571




TTVIL (SEQ ID No: 

backbone





249)





 


106
i3
QHLHIALKKSTSRKVK
Pal
scrambled
2598.225




SGTLK (SEQ ID No: 

ATI2357





254)
















TABLE 11







CXCR4 i3 loop compound structures








Comp. #
Structure











106






 


105






 


104






 


103






 


102






 


101






 


100






 


99






 


98






 


97






 


96






 


95






 


94






 


93






 


92






 


91






 


90






 


89






 


88






 


87






 


85






 


84




















TABLE 12







CXCR4 i4 loop compounds












No.
Loop
Sequence
Lipid
MW
Comments















107
i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTS
Myr
4248.067
Backbone




VSRGSSLKILSKGKR


lipid-dual




GGHSSVST


lipid




(SEQ ID NO.)





 


108
i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTS
Myr
3592.41
N-terminus




VSRGSSLKILSKGKR


and back-




G (SEQ ID NO.)


bone lipid


 


109
i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTS







VSRGSSLKILSKGKR
Pal
3994.644





GGHSSVST (SEQ ID







NO.)





 


110
i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTS
Pal
3870.571





VSRGSSLKILSKGKR







GGSCFH (SEQ ID NO.)





 


111
i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTS
Pal
3338.987





VSRGSSLKILSKGKR







G (SEQ ID NO.)





 


112
i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTS
Pal
3052.8





VSRGSSLKILSGGK







(SEQ ID NO.)





 


113
i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTS
Pal
2083.477





VSRG (SEQ ID NO.)





 


114
i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTS
Pal
2940.526





VSRGSSLKILSK (SEQ







ID NO.)





 


115
i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTS
Pal
2498.961





VSRGSSLK (SEQ ID







NO.)





 


116
i4
GAKFKTSAQHALTS
Pal
1938.18





VR (SEQ ID NO.)
















TABLE 13







CXCR4 i4 loop compound structures








Comp. #
Structure





107






 


108






 


109






 


110






 


111






 


112






 


113






 


114






 


115






 


116













In a thirteenth aspect, the compounds are selected from:










or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing.

“Cycloalkyl” used alone or as part of a larger moiety such as “cycloalkylalkyl” refers to a monocyclic or polycyclic, non-aromatic ring system of 3 to 20 carbon atoms, 3 to 12 carbon atoms, or 3 to 9 carbon atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated. Examples of cycloalkyl groups include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, cyclohexa-1,3-dienyl, cyclooctyl, cycloheptanyl, norbornyl, adamantyl, and the like.
“Heterocycloalkyl” refers to a saturated or unsaturated, non-aromatic, monocyclic or polycyclic ring system of 3 to 20 atoms, 3 to 12 atoms, or 3 to 8 atoms, containing one to four ring heteroatoms chosen from O, N and S. Examples of heterocyclyl groups include pyrrolidine, piperidine, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, tetrahydrothiophene, tetrahydrothiopyran, isoxazolidine, 1,3-dioxolane, 1,3-dithiolane, 1,3-dioxane, 1,4-dioxane, 1,3-dithiane, 1,4-dithiane, morpholine, thiomorpholine, thiomorpholine-1,1-dioxide, tetrahydro-2H-1,2-thiazine-1,1-dioxide, isothiazolidine-1,1-dioxide, pyrrolidin-2-one, piperidin-2-one, piperazin-2-one, and morpholin-2-one, and the like.
“Halogen” and “halo” refer to fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo.
“Haloalkyl” refers to an alkyl group substituted with one or more halogen atoms. By analogy, “haloalkenyl”, “haloalkynyl”, etc., refers to the group (for example alkenyl or alkynyl) substituted by one or more halogen atomes.
“Cyano” refers to the group —CN.
“Oxo” refers to a divalent ═O group.
“Thioxo” refers to a divalent ═S group.
“Ph” refers to a phenyl group.
“Carbonyl” refers to a divalent —C(O)— group.
“Alkyl” used alone or as part of a larger moiety such as “hydroxyalkyl”, “alkoxyalkyl”, “alkylamine” refers to a straight or branched, saturated aliphatic group having the specified number of carbons, typically having 1 to 12 carbon atoms. More particularly, the aliphatic group may have 1 to 10, 1 to 8, 1 to 6, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms. This term is exemplified by groups such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-hexyl, and the like.
“Alkenyl” refers to a straight or branched aliphatic group with at least one double bond. Typically, alkenyl groups have from 2 to 12 carbon atoms, from 2 to 8, from 2 to 6, or from 2 to 4 carbon atoms. Examples of alkenyl groups include ethenyl (—CH═CH2), n-2-propenyl (allyl, —CH2CH═CH2), pentenyl, hexenyl, and the like.
“Alkynyl” refers to a straight or branched aliphatic group having at least 1 site of alkynyl unsaturation. Typically, alkynyl groups contain 2 to 12, 2 to 8, 2 to 6 or 2 to 4 carbon atoms. Examples of alkynyl groups include ethynyl (—C≡CH), propargyl (—CH2C≡CH), pentynyl, hexynyl, and the like.
“Alkylene” refers to a bivalent saturated straight-chained hydrocarbon, e.g., C1-C6 alkylene includes —(CH2)6—, —CH2—CH—(CH2)3CH3, and the like. “Bivalent means that the alkylene group is attached to the remainder of the molecule through two different carbon atoms.
“Alkenylene” refers to an alkylene group with in which one carbon-carbon single bond is replaced with a double bond.
“Alkynylene” refers to an alkylene group with in which one carbon-carbon single bond is replaced with a triple bond.
“Aryl” used alone or as part of a larger moiety as in “aralkyl” refers to an aromatic carbocyclic group of from 6 to 14 carbon atoms having a single ring or multiple condensed rings. The term “aryl” also includes aromatic carbocycle(s) fused to cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl groups. Examples of aryl groups include phenyl, benzo[d][1,3]dioxole, naphthyl, phenantrenyl, and the like.
“Aryloxy” refers to an —OAr group, wherein 0 is an oxygen atom and Ar is an aryl group as defined above.
“Aralkyl” refers to an alkyl having at least one alkyl hydrogen atom replaced with an aryl moiety, such as benzyl, —(CH2)2phenyl, —(CH2)3phenyl, —CH(phenyl)2, and the like.
“Alkyl cycloalkyl” refers to an alkyl having at least one alkyl hydrogen atom replaced with a cycloalkyl moiety, such as —CH2-cyclohexyl, —CH2-cyclohexenyl, and the like.
“Heteroaryl” used alone or a part of a larger moiety as in “heteroaralkyl” refers to a 5 to 14 membered monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic heteroaromatic ring system, containing one to four ring heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. The term “heteroaryl” also includes heteroaromatic ring(s) fused to cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl groups. Particular examples of heteroaryl groups include optionally substituted pyridyl, pyrrolyl, pyrimidinyl, furyl, thienyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyrazolyl, 1,2,3-triazolyl, 1,2,4-triazolyl, 1,2,3-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,5-oxadiazolyl, 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,3,4-triazinyl, 1,2,3-triazinyl, benzofuryl, [2,3-dihydro]benzofuryl, isobenzofuryl, benzothienyl, benzotriazolyl, isobenzothienyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, 3H-indolyl, benzimidazolyl, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxa-zolyl, quinolizinyl, quinazolinyl, pthalazinyl, quinoxalinyl, cinnolinyl, napthyridinyl, pyrido[3,4-b]pyridyl, pyrido[3,2-b]pyridyl, pyrido[4,3-b]pyridyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, tetrazolyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolyl, purinyl, pteridinyl, carbazolyl, xanthenyl, benzoquinolyl, and the like.
“Heteroaryloxy” refers to an —OHet group, wherein O is an oxygen atom and Het is a heteroaryl group as defined above.
“Heteroaralkyl” refers to an alkyl having at least one alkyl hydrogen atom replaced with a heteroaryl moiety, such as —CH2-pyridinyl, —CH2-pyrimidinyl, and the like.
“Alkoxy” refers to the group —O—R where R is “alkyl”, “cycloalkyl”, “alkenyl”, or “alkynyl”. Examples of alkoxy groups include for example, methoxy, ethoxy, ethenoxy, and the like.
“Alkyl heterocycloalkyl” refers to an alkyl having at least one alkyl hydrogen atom replaced with a heterocycloalkyl moiety, such as —CH2-morpholino, —CH2-piperidyl and the like.
“Alkoxycarbonyl” refers to the group —C(O)OR where R is “alkyl”, “alkenyl”, “alkynyl”, “cycloalkyl”, “heterocycloalkyl”, “aryl”, or “heteroaryl”.
“Hydroxyalkyl” and “alkoxyalkyl” are alky groups substituted with hydroxyl and alkoxy, respectively.
“Amino” means —NH2; “alkylamine” and “dialkylamine” mean —NHR and —NR2, respectively, wherein R is an alkyl group. “Cycloalkylamine” and “dicycloalkylamine” mean —NHR and —NR2, respectively, wherein R is a cycloalkyl group. “Cycloalkylalkylamine” means —NHR wherein R is a cycloalkylalkyl group. “[Cycloalkylalkyl][alkyl]amine” means —N(R)2 wherein one R is cycloalkylalkyl and the other R is alkyl.
Haloalkyl and halocycloalkyl include mono, poly, and perhaloalkyl groups where the halogens are independently selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
Suitable substituents for “alkyl”, “alkenyl”, “alkynyl”, “cycloalkyl”, “heterocycloalkyl”, “aryl”, or “heteroaryl”, etc., are those which will form a stable compound of the invention. Examples of suitable substituents are those selected from the group consisting of halogen, —CN, —OH, —NH2, (C1-C4)alkyl, (C1-C4)haloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, (C3-C7)cycloalkyl, (5-7 membered) heterocycloalkyl, —NH(C1-C6)alkyl, —N((C1-C6)alkyl)2, (C1-C6)alkoxy, (C1-C6)alkoxycarbonyl, —CONH2, —OCONH2, —NHCONH2, —N(C1-C6)alkylCONH2, —N(C1-C6)alkylCONH(C1-C6)alkyl, —NHCONH(C1-C6)alkyl, —NHCON((C1-C6)alkyl)2, —N(C1-C6)alkylCON((C1-C6)alkyl)2, —NHC(S)NH2, —N(C1-C6)alkylC(S)NH2, —N(C1-C6)alkylC(S)NH(C1-C6)alkyl, —NHC(S)NH(C1-C6)alkyl, —NHC(S)N((C1-C6)alkyl)2, —N(C1-C6)alkylC(S)N((C1-C6)alkyl)2, —CONH(C1-C6)alkyl, —OCONH(C1-C6)alkyl —CON((C1-C6)alkyl)2, —C(S)(C1-C6)alkyl, —S(O)p(C1-C6)alkyl, —S(O)pNH2, —S(O)pNH(C1-C6)alkyl, —S(O)pN((C1-C6)alkyl)2, —CO(C1-C6)alkyl, —OCO(C1-C6)alkyl, —C(O)O(C1-C6)alkyl, —OC(O)O(C1-C6)alkyl, —C(O)H or —CO2H. More particularly, the substituents are selected from halogen, —CN, —OH, —NH2, (C1-C4)alkyl, (C1-C4)haloalkyl, (C1-C4)alkoxy, phenyl, and (C3-C7)cycloalkyl. Within the framework of this invention, said “substitution” is also meant to encompass situations where a hydrogen atom is replaced with a deuterium atom. p is an integer with a value of 1 or 2.
Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds disclosed herein are included in the present invention. For example, an acid salt of a compound containing an amine or other basic group can be obtained by reacting the compound with a suitable organic or inorganic acid, resulting in pharmaceutically acceptable anionic salt forms. Examples of anionic salts include the acetate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bicarbonate, bitartrate, bromide, calcium edetate, camsylate, carbonate, chloride, citrate, dihydrochloride, edetate, edisylate, estolate, esylate, fumarate, glyceptate, gluconate, glutamate, glycollylarsanilate, hexylresorcinate, hydrobromide, hydrochloride, hydroxynaphthoate, iodide, isethionate, lactate, lactobionate, malate, maleate, mandelate, mesylate, methylsulfate, mucate, napsylate, nitrate, pamoate, pantothenate, phosphate/diphospate, polygalacturonate, salicylate, stearate, subacetate, succinate, sulfate, tannate, tartrate, teoclate, tosylate, and triethiodide salts.
Salts of the compounds containing an acidic functional group can be prepared by reacting with a suitable base. Such a pharmaceutically acceptable salt can be made with a base which affords a pharmaceutically acceptable cation, which includes alkali metal salts (especially sodium and potassium), alkaline earth metal salts (especially calcium and magnesium), aluminum salts and ammonium salts, as well as salts made from physiologically acceptable organic bases such as trimethylamine, triethylamine, morpholine, pyridine, piperidine, picoline, dicyclohexylamine, N,N′-dibenzylethylenediamine, 2-hydroxyethylamine, bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, tri-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, procaine, dibenzylpiperidine, dehydroabietylamine, N,N′-bisdehydroabietylamine, glucamine, N-methylglucamine, collidine, quinine, quinoline, and basic amino acids such as lysine and arginine.
Pharmaceutical Compositions
The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising an effective amount of a compound Formula I (e.g., including any of the formulae herein), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The carrier(s) are “pharmaceutically acceptable” in that they are not deleterious to the recipient thereof in an amount used in the medicament.
Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, adjuvants and vehicles that may be used in the pharmaceutical compositions of this invention include, but are not limited to, ion exchangers, alumina, aluminum stearate, lecithin, serum proteins, such as human serum albumin, buffer substances such as phosphates, glycine, sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, partial glyceride mixtures of saturated vegetable fatty acids, water, salts or electrolytes, such as protamine sulfate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, zinc salts, colloidal silica, magnesium trisilicate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, cellulose-based substances, polyethylene glycol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyacrylates, waxes, polyethylene-polyoxypropylene-block polymers, polyethylene glycol and wool fat.
If required, the solubility and bioavailability of the compounds of the present invention in pharmaceutical compositions may be enhanced by methods well-known in the art. One method includes the use of lipid excipients in the formulation. See “Oral Lipid-Based Formulations: Enhancing the Bioavailability of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs (Drugs and the Pharmaceutical Sciences),” David J. Hauss, ed. Informa Healthcare, 2007; and “Role of Lipid Excipients in Modifying Oral and Parenteral Drug Delivery: Basic Principles and Biological Examples,” Kishor M. Wasan, ed. Wiley-Interscience, 2006.
Another known method of enhancing bioavailability is the use of an amorphous form of a compound of this invention optionally formulated with a poloxamer, such as LUTROLTM and PLURONICTM (BASF Corporation), or block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. See U.S. Pat. No. 7,014,866; and United States patent publications 20060094744 and 20060079502.
The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention include those suitable for oral, rectal, nasal, topical (including buccal and sublingual), pulmonary, vaginal or parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous and intradermal) administration. In certain embodiments, the compound of the formulae herein is administered transdermally (e.g., using a transdermal patch or iontophoretic techniques). Other formulations may conveniently be presented in unit dosage form, e.g., tablets, sustained release capsules, and in liposomes, and may be prepared by any methods well known in the art of pharmacy. See, for example, Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Company, Philadelphia, Pa. (17th ed. 1985).
Such preparative methods include the step of bringing into association with the molecule to be administered ingredients such as the carrier that constitutes one or more accessory ingredients. In general, the compositions are prepared by uniformly and intimately bringing into association the active ingredients with liquid carriers, liposomes or finely divided solid carriers, or both, and then, if necessary, shaping the product.
In certain embodiments, the compound is administered orally. Compositions of the present invention suitable for oral administration may be presented as discrete units such as capsules, sachets, or tablets each containing a predetermined amount of the active ingredient; a powder or granules; a solution or a suspension in an aqueous liquid or a non-aqueous liquid; an oil-in-water liquid emulsion; a water-in-oil liquid emulsion; packed in liposomes; or as a bolus, etc. Soft gelatin capsules can be useful for containing such suspensions, which may beneficially increase the rate of compound absorption.
In the case of tablets for oral use, carriers that are commonly used include lactose and corn starch. Lubricating agents, such as magnesium stearate, are also typically added. For oral administration in a capsule form, useful diluents include lactose and dried cornstarch. When aqueous suspensions are administered orally, the active ingredient is combined with emulsifying and suspending agents. If desired, certain sweetening and/or flavoring and/or coloring agents may be added.
Compositions suitable for oral administration include lozenges comprising the ingredients in a flavored basis, usually sucrose and acacia or tragacanth; and pastilles comprising the active ingredient in an inert basis such as gelatin and glycerin, or sucrose and acacia.
Compositions suitable for parenteral administration include aqueous and non-aqueous sterile injection solutions which may contain anti-oxidants, buffers, bacteriostats and solutes which render the formulation isotonic with the blood of the intended recipient; and aqueous and non-aqueous sterile suspensions which may include suspending agents and thickening agents. The formulations may be presented in unit-dose or multi-dose containers, for example, sealed ampules and vials, and may be stored in a freeze dried (lyophilized) condition requiring only the addition of the sterile liquid carrier, for example water for injections, immediately prior to use. Extemporaneous injection solutions and suspensions may be prepared from sterile powders, granules and tablets.
Such injection solutions may be in the form, for example, of a sterile injectable aqueous or oleaginous suspension. This suspension may be formulated according to techniques known in the art using suitable dispersing or wetting agents (such as, for example, Tween 80) and suspending agents. The sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non-toxic parenterally-acceptable diluent or solvent, for example, as a solution in 1,3-butanediol. Among the acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are mannitol, water, Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloride solution. In addition, sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium. For this purpose, any bland fixed oil may be employed including synthetic mono- or diglycerides. Fatty acids, such as oleic acid and its glyceride derivatives are useful in the preparation of injectables, as are natural pharmaceutically-acceptable oils, such as olive oil or castor oil, especially in their polyoxyethylated versions. These oil solutions or suspensions may also contain a long-chain alcohol diluent or dispersant.
The pharmaceutical compositions of this invention may be administered in the form of suppositories for rectal administration. These compositions can be prepared by mixing a compound of this invention with a suitable non-irritating excipient which is solid at room temperature but liquid at the rectal temperature and therefore will melt in the rectum to release the active components. Such materials include, but are not limited to, cocoa butter, beeswax and polyethylene glycols.
The pharmaceutical compositions of this invention may be administered by nasal aerosol or inhalation. Such compositions are prepared according to techniques well-known in the art of pharmaceutical formulation and may be prepared as solutions in saline, employing benzyl alcohol or other suitable preservatives, absorption promoters to enhance bioavailability, fluorocarbons, and/or other solubilizing or dispersing agents known in the art. See, e.g.: Rabinowitz J D and Zaffaroni A C, U.S. Pat. No. 6,803,031, assigned to Alexza Molecular Delivery Corporation.
Topical administration of the pharmaceutical compositions of this invention is especially useful when the desired treatment involves areas or organs readily accessible by topical application. For topical application topically to the skin, the pharmaceutical composition should be formulated with a suitable ointment containing the active components suspended or dissolved in a carrier. Carriers for topical administration of the compounds of this invention include, but are not limited to, mineral oil, liquid petroleum, white petroleum, propylene glycol, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene compound, emulsifying wax, and water. Alternatively, the pharmaceutical composition can be formulated with a suitable lotion or cream containing the active compound suspended or dissolved in a carrier. Suitable carriers include, but are not limited to, mineral oil, sorbitan monostearate, polysorbate 60, cetyl esters wax, cetearyl alcohol, 2-octyldodecanol, benzyl alcohol, and water. The pharmaceutical compositions of this invention may also be topically applied to the lower intestinal tract by rectal suppository formulation or in a suitable enema formulation. Topically-transdermal patches and iontophoretic administration are also included in this invention.
Application of the patient therapeutics may be local, so as to be administered at the site of interest. Various techniques can be used for providing the patient compositions at the site of interest, such as injection, use of catheters, trocars, projectiles, pluronic gel, stents, sustained drug release polymers or other device which provides for internal access.
Thus, according to yet another embodiment, the compounds of this invention may be incorporated into compositions for coating an implantable medical device, such as prostheses, artificial valves, vascular grafts, stents, or catheters. Suitable coatings and the general preparation of coated implantable devices are known in the art and are exemplified in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,099,562; 5,886,026; and 5,304,121. The coatings are typically biocompatible polymeric materials such as a hydrogel polymer, polymethyldisiloxane, polycaprolactone, polyethylene glycol, polylactic acid, ethylene vinyl acetate, and mixtures thereof. The coatings may optionally be further covered by a suitable topcoat of fluorosilicone, polysaccharides, polyethylene glycol, phospholipids or combinations thereof to impart controlled release characteristics in the composition. Coatings for invasive devices are to be included within the definition of pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant or vehicle, as those terms are used herein.
According to another embodiment, the invention provides a method of coating an implantable medical device comprising the step of contacting said device with the coating composition described above. It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that the coating of the device will occur prior to implantation into a mammal.
According to another embodiment, the invention provides a method of impregnating an implantable drug release device comprising the step of contacting said drug release device with a compound or composition of this invention. Implantable drug release devices include, but are not limited to, biodegradable polymer capsules or bullets, non-degradable, diffusible polymer capsules and biodegradable polymer wafers.
According to another embodiment, the invention provides an implantable medical device coated with a compound or a composition comprising a compound of this invention, such that said compound is therapeutically active.
According to another embodiment, the invention provides an implantable drug release device impregnated with or containing a compound or a composition comprising a compound of this invention, such that said compound is released from said device and is therapeutically active.
Where an organ or tissue is accessible because of removal from the patient, such organ or tissue may be bathed in a medium containing a composition of this invention, a composition of this invention may be painted onto the organ, or a composition of this invention may be applied in any other convenient way.
In another embodiment, a composition of this invention further comprises a second therapeutic agent. In one embodiment, the second therapeutic agent is one or more additional compounds of the invention.
In another embodiment, the second therapeutic agent may be selected from any compound or therapeutic agent known to have or that demonstrates advantageous properties when administered with a compound having the same mechanism of action as the CXCR4 receptor compound of Formula I.
In a particular embodiment, the second therapeutic is an agent useful in the treatment or prevention of a disease or condition selected from, bone marrow transplantation, chemosensitization, cancer, metastatic disease (e.g., cancer), inflammatory diseases, HIV infection and stem cell-based regenerative medicine, bone marrow transplantation, chemosensitization, cancer, metastatic disease (e.g., cancer), inflammatory diseases, HIV infection and stem cell-based regenerative medicine. For example, the second therapeutic agent is an agent useful in improving the quanity and quality of stem cell harvesting prior to bone marrow ablative cancer therapy.
For example, the second therapeutic agent can be selected from: G-CSF (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor), cyclophosphamide, rituximab and fludaraine. In a particular embodiment, the second therapeutic agent is G-CSF.
In one embodiment, the invention provides separate dosage forms of a compound of this invention and one or more of any of the above-described second therapeutic agents, wherein the compound and second therapeutic agent are associated with one another. The term “associated with one another” as used herein means that the separate dosage forms are packaged together or otherwise attached to one another such that it is readily apparent that the separate dosage forms are intended to be sold and administered together (within less than 24 hours of one another, consecutively or simultaneously).
In the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention, the compound of the present invention is present in an effective amount. As used herein, the term “effective amount” refers to an amount which, when administered in a proper dosing regimen, is sufficient to treat (therapeutically or prophylactically) the target disorder. For example, and effective amount is sufficient to reduce or ameliorate the severity, duration or progression of the disorder being treated, prevent the advancement of the disorder being treated, cause the regression of the disorder being treated, or enhance or improve the prophylactic or therapeutic effect(s) of another therapy. Preferably, the compound is present in the composition in an amount of from 0.1 to 50 wt. %, more preferably from 1 to 30 wt. %, most preferably from 5 to 20 wt. %.
The interrelationship of dosages for animals and humans (based on milligrams per meter squared of body surface) is described in Freireich et al., (1966) Cancer Chemother. Rep 50: 219. Body surface area may be approximately determined from height and weight of the patient. See, e.g., Scientific Tables, Geigy Pharmaceuticals, Ardsley, N.Y., 1970, 537.
For pharmaceutical compositions that comprise a second therapeutic agent, an effective amount of the second therapeutic agent is between about 20% and 100% of the dosage normally utilized in a monotherapy regime using just that agent. Preferably, an effective amount is between about 70% and 100% of the normal monotherapeutic dose. The normal monotherapeutic dosages of these second therapeutic agents are well known in the art. See, e.g., Wells et al., eds., Pharmacotherapy Handbook, 2nd Edition, Appleton and Lange, Stamford, Conn. (2000); PDR Pharmacopoeia, Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2000, Deluxe Edition, Tarascon Publishing, Loma Linda, Calif. (2000), each of which references are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
The compounds for use in the method of the invention can be formulated in unit dosage form. The term “unit dosage form” refers to physically discrete units suitable as unitary dosage for subjects undergoing treatment, with each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active material calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect, optionally in association with a suitable pharmaceutical carrier. The unit dosage form can be for a single daily treatment dose or one of multiple daily treatment doses (e.g., about 1 to 4 or more times per day). When multiple daily treatment doses are used, the unit dosage form can be the same or different for each dose.
Methods of Treatment
As used herein the term “subject” and “patient” typically means a human, but can also be an animal in need of treatment, e.g., companion animals (dogs, cats, and the like), farm animals (cows, pigs, horses, sheep, goats, and the like) and laboratory animals (rats, mice, guinea pigs, and the like).
The terms “treat” and “treating” are used interchangeably and include both therapeutic treatment and prophylactic treatment (reducing the likelihood of development). Both terms mean decrease, suppress, attenuate, diminish, arrest, or stabilize the development or progression of a disease (e.g., a disease or disorder delineated herein), lessen the severity of the disease or improve the symptoms associated with the disease.
“Disease” means any condition or disorder that damages or interferes with the normal function of a cell, tissue, or organ.
As used herein, the term “effective amount” refers to an amount which, when administered in a proper dosing regimen, is sufficient to treat (therapeutically or prophylactically) the target disorder. For example, and effective amount is sufficient to reduce or ameliorate the severity, duration or progression of the disorder being treated, prevent the advancement of the disorder being treated, cause the regression of the disorder being treated, or enhance or improve the prophylactic or therapeutic effect(s) of another therapy.
The invention also includes methods of treating diseases, disorders or pathological conditions which benefit from modulation of the CXCR4 receptor comprising administering an effective amount of a CXCR4 receptor compound of the invention to a subject in need thereof. Diseases and conditions which can benefit from modulation (inhibition or activation) of the CXCR4 receptor include, but are not limited to, bone marrow transplantation, chemosensitization, cancer, metastatic disease (e.g., cancer), inflammatory diseases, HIV infection and stem cell-based regenerative medicine. For example, improving the quanity and quality of stem cell harvesting prior to bone marrow ablative cancer therapy.
Bone marrow transplantation can be for treatment of hematological and non hematological malignancies, phagocyte disorders, anemias and myeloproliferative disorders, amyloidoses, radiation poisoning, congenital lysosomal storage disorders and congenital immunodefficiencies.
CXCR4 antagonists are useful for autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) to treat acquired as well as congenital diseases. CXCR4 antagonist will be injected into the patients (autologous HSCT) or healthy HLA-matched donor (allogeneic HSCT) before the HSCT procedure. Injection the CXCR4 antagonist induces mobilization of hematopoietc stem cells from bone marrow niche into the peripheral blood. Treatment with the novel CXCR4 antagonist will increase the yield of peripheral hematopoietic stem cells in the amount sufficient for their successful reengraftment or long term storage. HSCs collected during the apheresis procedure will be further reinfused into the patient undergoing HSCT.
The CXCR4 receptor compounds of the invention having antagonist activity are also useful for chemosensitization treatment of patients with hematological malignancies. These patients will be treated with CXCR4 antagonist to induce egress of malignant white blood cells from hematopoietic organs into peripheral circulation. As a result, these abnormal cells will be more readily targeted by chemotherapeutic agents administered intravenously.
Accumulated preclinical data suggests that CXCR4 is essential for the development and progression of inflammatory diseases including but not limited to rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowl disease. Therefore antagonism of CXCR4 can be beneficial for the patients suffering from these disorders. CXCR4 is also a coreceptor for the entry of several HIV-1 strains. Pharmacological targeting of CXCR4-dependent can potentially modulate HIV-1 tropism and it's infectivity.
In one embodiment, an effective amount of a compound of this invention can range from about 0.005 mg to about 5000 mg per treatment. In more specific embodiments, the range is from about 0.05 mg to about 1000 mg, or from about 0.5 mg to about 500 mg, or from about 5 mg to about 50 mg. Treatment can be administered one or more times per day (for example, once per day, twice per day, three times per day, four times per day, five times per day, etc.). When multiple treatments are used, the amount can be the same or different.
It is understood that a treatment can be administered every day, every other day, every 2 days, every 3 days, every 4 days, every 5 days, etc. For example, with every other day administration, a treatment dose can be initiated on Monday with a first subsequent treatment administered on Wednesday, a second subsequent treatment administered on Friday, etc. Treatment is typically administered from one to two times daily. Effective doses will also vary, as recognized by those skilled in the art, depending on the diseases treated, the severity of the disease, the route of administration, the sex, age and general health condition of the patient, excipient usage, the possibility of co-usage with other therapeutic treatments such as use of other agents and the judgment of the treating physician.
Alternatively, the effective amount of a compound of the invention is from about 0.01 mg/kg/day to about 1000 mg/kg/day, from about 0.1 mg/kg/day to about 100 mg/kg/day, from about 0.5 mg/kg/day to about 50 mg/kg/day, or from about 1 mg/kg/day to 10 mg/kg/day.
In another embodiment, any of the above methods of treatment comprises the further step of co-administering to said patient one or more second therapeutic agents. The choice of second therapeutic agent may be made from any second therapeutic agent known to be useful for co-administration with a compound that modulates the CXCR4 receptor. The choice of second therapeutic agent is also dependent upon the particular disease or condition to be treated. Examples of second therapeutic agents that may be employed in the methods of this invention are those set forth above for use in combination compositions comprising a compound of this invention and a second therapeutic agent.
The term “co-administered” as used herein means that the second therapeutic agent may be administered together with a compound of this invention as part of a single dosage form (such as a composition of this invention comprising a compound of the invention and an second therapeutic agent as described above) or as separate, multiple dosage forms. Alternatively, the additional agent may be administered prior to, consecutively with, or following the administration of a compound of this invention. In such combination therapy treatment, both the compounds of this invention and the second therapeutic agent(s) are administered by conventional methods. The administration of a composition of this invention, comprising both a compound of the invention and a second therapeutic agent, to a subject does not preclude the separate administration of that same therapeutic agent, any other second therapeutic agent or any compound of this invention to said subject at another time during a course of treatment.
In one embodiment of the invention, where a second therapeutic agent is administered to a subject, the effective amount of the compound of this invention is less than its effective amount would be where the second therapeutic agent is not administered. In another embodiment, the effective amount of the second therapeutic agent is less than its effective amount would be where the compound of this invention is not administered. In this way, undesired side effects associated with high doses of either agent may be minimized. Other potential advantages (including without limitation improved dosing regimens and/or reduced drug cost) will be apparent to those of skill in the art.
Kits
The present invention also provides kits for use to treat the target disease, disorder or condition. These kits comprise (a) a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Formula I, or a salt thereof, wherein said pharmaceutical composition is in a container; and (b) instructions describing a method of using the pharmaceutical composition to treat the target disease, disorder or condition.
The container may be any vessel or other sealed or sealable apparatus that can hold said pharmaceutical composition. Examples include bottles, ampules, divided or multi-chambered holders bottles, wherein each division or chamber comprises a single dose of said composition, a divided foil packet wherein each division comprises a single dose of said composition, or a dispenser that dispenses single doses of said composition. The container can be in any conventional shape or form as known in the art which is made of a pharmaceutically acceptable material, for example a paper or cardboard box, a glass or plastic bottle or jar, a re-sealable bag (for example, to hold a “refill” of tablets for placement into a different container), or a blister pack with individual doses for pressing out of the pack according to a therapeutic schedule. The container employed can depend on the exact dosage form involved, for example a conventional cardboard box would not generally be used to hold a liquid suspension. It is feasible that more than one container can be used together in a single package to market a single dosage form. For example, tablets may be contained in a bottle, which is in turn contained within a box. In one embodiment, the container is a blister pack.
The kits of this invention may also comprise a device to administer or to measure out a unit dose of the pharmaceutical composition. Such device may include an inhaler if said composition is an inhalable composition; a syringe and needle if said composition is an injectable composition; a syringe, spoon, pump, or a vessel with or without volume markings if said composition is an oral liquid composition; or any other measuring or delivery device appropriate to the dosage formulation of the composition present in the kit.
In certain embodiment, the kits of this invention may comprise in a separate vessel of container a pharmaceutical composition comprising a second therapeutic agent, such as one of those listed above for use for co-administration with a compound of this invention.
General Methods for Preparing CXCR4 Receptor Compounds
Synthesis of Peptides
The peptide component (P) of the compounds of the invention can be synthesized by incorporating orthogonally protected amino acids in a step-wise fashion. Any suitable synthetic methods can be used. Traditional Fmoc or Boc chemistry can be easily adapted to provide the desired peptide component (P) of the compounds of the invention. Fmoc is generally preferred, because the cleavage of the Fmoc protecting group is milder than the acid deprotection required for Boc cleavage, which requires repetitive acidic deprotections that lead to alteration of sensitive residues, and increase acid catalyzed side reactions. (G. B. FIELDS et al. in Int. J. Pept. Protein, 1990, 35, 161).
The peptides can be assembled linearly via Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis (SPPS), can be assembled in solution using modular condensations of protected or unprotected peptide components or a combination of both.
Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis
For SPPS, an appropriate resin is chosen that will afford the desired moiety on the C-terminus upon cleavage. For example upon cleavage of the linear peptide, a Rink amide resin will provide a primary amide on the C-terminus, whereas a Rink acid resin will provide an acid. Rink acid resins are more labile than Rink amide resins and the protected peptide could also be cleaved and subsequently the free acid activated to react with amines or other nucleophiles. Alternatively, other resins could provide attachment of other moieties prior to acylation, leading to cleavage of an alkylated secondary amide, ester or other desired C-terminal modification. A review of commonly used resins and the functional moiety that results after cleavage can be found in manufacturer literature such as NovaBiochem or Advanced Chemtech catalogues.
Typically a resin is chosen such that after cleavage the C-terminus is an amide bond. Rink amide resin is a resin that results in a C-terminal amide during cleavage. The orthogonally protected Fmoc amino acids are added stepwise using methods well known in literature (Bodansky M. Principles of Peptide synthesis (1993) 318 p; Peptide Chemistry, a Practical Textbook (1993); Spinger-Verlag). These procedures could be done manually or by using automated peptide synthesizers.
The process involves activating the acid moiety of a protected amino acid, using activating agents such as HBTU, HATU, PyBop or simple carbodiimides. Often an additive is used to decrease racemization during coupling such as HOBt or HOAt (M. SCHNÖLZER et al., Int. J. Pept. Protein Res., 1992, 40, 180). Manually, the coupling efficiency can be determined photometrically using a ninhydrin assay. If the coupling efficiency is below 98%, a second coupling may be desired. After the second coupling a capping step may be employed to prevent long deletion sequences to form, simplifying the purification of the desired final compound. With automation, second couplings are not commonly required, unless a residue is known to be problematic such as Arginine.
Deprotection of the Fmoc is most commonly accomplished using piperidine (20%) in dimethylformamide (DMF). Alternatively other secondary amines may also be used such as morpholine, diethylamine or piperazine. This reaction is facile and normally is accomplished within 20 minutes using piperidine. After deprotection the resin is washed several times with DMF and DCM prior to coupling with the next residue. This process is repeated, assembling the peptide linearly until the sequence is complete. The final Fmoc is removed, which allows for coupling with the tether moiety.
In a preferred synthesis, the peptide is formed by SPPS accomplished manually or in an automated fashion using a commercially available synthesizer such as the CEM Microwave peptide synthesizer, Rainin Symphony synthesizer, or ABI 433 flow-through synthesizer. Commercially available Rink Amide resin is used for synthesizing the C-terminal amide peptides (Rink, H. Tetrahedron Lett, 28, 4645, 1967). Peptide synthesis reagents (coupling, deprotection agents) are commercially available and include HOBT, HBTU (Novabiochem) as well as DMF, DCM, Piperidine, NMP, and DIEA (Sigma-Aldrich). Suitably protected amino acids for use in solid phase peptide synthesis are commercially available from many sources, including Sigma-Aldrich and CEM Corporation.
For example, a convenient preparation of peptides on a 0.1 mmol or 0.25 mmol scale uses Rink amide solid-phase resin with a substitution of about 0.6 mmol/g. Linear attachment of the amino acids is accomplished on a ABI continuous flow automated synthesizer using 5 eq of orthogonally protected amino acid (AA), and using HBTU/HOBt coupling protocol, (5 eq. of each reagent). In another preferred synthesis, peptides can be synthesized using a microwave instrument using 10 eq of reagents. Deprotection of Fmoc can be accomplished with 20% piperidine in DMF followed by washing with DMF and DCM.
In both cases (i.e., Rink acid and Rink amide resins), final Fmoc deprotection of the N-terminus would leave a free amine after cleavage from the resin unless it is modified prior to cleavage. In the compounds of the invention, tether moieties are attached through amide bonds.
Solution Phase Synthesis of Peptides
For solution phase synthesis the desired peptide is generally broken down into peptide fragments in units of 2-4 amino acids. The selected unit is dependent on the sequence, the stability of the fragment to racemization, and the ease of assembly. As each amino acid is added, only 1-1.5 eq of the residue is required, versus the 5-10 equivalents of reagent required for SSPS. Preactivated amino acids such as OSu active ester and acid fluorides also can be used, requiring only a base for completion of the reaction.
Coupling times require 1.5-2 hours for each step. Two fragments are condensed in solution, giving a larger fragment that then can be further condensed with additional fragments until the desired sequence is complete. The solution phase protocol uses only 1 eq of each fragment and will use coupling reagents such as carbodiimides (DIC). For racemized prone fragments, PyBop or HBTU/HOBt can be used. Amino acids with Bsmoc/tBu or Fmoc/tBu and Boc/Benzyl protection are equally suitable for use.
When Fmoc is used, the use of 4-(aminomethyl) piperidine or tris(2-aminoethyl)amine as the deblocking agent can avoid undesired side reactions. The resulting Fmoc adduct can be extracted with a phosphate aqueous buffer of pH 5.5 (Organic Process Research & Development 2003, 7, 2837). If Bsmoc is used, no buffer is required, only aqueous extractions are needed. Deprotections using these reagents occur in 30-60 minutes. Deblocking of the Fmoc group on the N-terminal residue provides a free terminal amine that is used for attachment of the tether moiety. In the compounds of the invention, tether moieties are attached through amide bonds to the N-terminal amine.
One advantage of solution phase synthesis is the ability to monitor the compound after every coupling step by mass spectrometry to see that the product is forming. In addition, a simple TLC system could be used to determine completion of reaction.
Attachment of Tethers
Tethers are attached to the terminal nitrogen of the N-terminal amino acid of the peptide chain using amide bond coupling:




The tether can be attached using solid phase procedures or in solution using an amide bond coupling. After the N-terminus is suitably coupled, the final compound is cleaved from the resin using an acidic cocktail (Peptide Synthesis and Applications, John Howl, Humana Press, 262 p, 2005). Typically these cocktails use concentrated trifluoroacetic acid (80-95%) and various scavengers to trap carbocations and prevent side chain reactions. Typical scavengers include isopropylsilanes, thiols, phenols and water. The cocktail mixture is determined by the residues of the peptide. Special care needs to be taken with sensitive residues, such as methionine, aspartic acid, and cysteine. Typical deprotection occurs over 2-5 hours in the cocktail. A preferred deprotection cocktail include the use of triisopropylsilane (TIS), Phenol, thioanisole, dodecanethiol (DDT) and water. Methane sulfonic acid (MSA) may also be used in the cocktail (4.8%). A more preferred cocktail consists of (TFA:MSA:TIS:DDT:Water 82:4.5:4.5:4.5:4.5; 10 mL/0.1 mmol resin).
After deprotection, the resin is removed via filtration, and the final compound is isolated via precipitation from an organic solvent such as diethyl ether, m-tert-butyl ether, or ethyl acetate and the resulting solid collected via filtration or lyophilized to a powder. Purification of the peptide using reverse phase HPLC may be required to achieve sufficient purity. Generally, a gradient of aqueous solvent with an organic solvent will provide sufficient separation from impurities and deletion sequences. Typically 0.1% TFA is used as the aqueous and organic modifier, however, other modifiers such as ammonium acetate can also be used. After purification, the compound is collected, analyzed and fractions of sufficient purity are combined and lyophilized, providing the compound as a solid.
Amino Acid Reagents
The following commercially available orthogonally protected amino acids used can be used in the synthesis of compounds of the invention: Fmoc-Tyr(tBu)-OH, Fmoc-Ala-OH*H2O, Fmoc-Arg(Pbf)-OH, Fmoc, Asn(Trt)-OH, Fmoc-Asp(tBu), Fmoc-Cys(tBu)-OH, Fmoc-Glu(tBu)-OH, Fmoc-Glx(Pbf)-OH, Fmoc-Gly-OH, Fmoc-His(Trt)-OH, Fmoc-Leu-OH, Fmoc-Ile-OH, Fmoc, Lys(tBu)-OH, Fmoc-Met-OH, Fmoc-Phe-OH, Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-OH, Fmoc-Thr(tBu)-OH, Fmoc-Typ-OH, and Fmoc-Val-OH. Additional amino acids suitable for incorporation into the compounds of the invention (e.g., D amino acids, substituted amino acids and other protecting group variations) are also commercially available or synthesized by methods known in the art.
Analytical Methods
The compounds of the invention are analyzed for purity by HPLC using the methods listed below. Purification is achieved by preparative HPLC.
Fast LC/MS Method
Column: Phenomenex Luna C-5 20×30 mm
Flow: 1.0 ml/min
Solvent A: 0.1% TFA in Type I water
Solvent B: 0.1% TFA in Acetonitrile
UV 220 nm
Injection: 20 ul
Gradient 5-95% B (7 minutes); 95-5% B (1 minute); 5% B (4 minutes)
Analytical Purity Method
Column: Phenomenex Luna C-5 20×30 mm
Flow: 1.0 ml/min
Solvent A: 0.1% TFA in Type I water
Solvent B: 0.1% TFA in Acetonitrile
UV: 220 nm
Injection: 20 ul
Gradient: 2-95% B (10 minutes); 95-2% B (2 minutes); 2% B (2 minutes)
Preparative LC/MS Method
Column: Phenomenex Luna C-5 250×150 mm
Flow: 5.0 ml/min
Solvent A: 0.1% TFA in Type I water
Solvent B: 0.1% TFA in Acetonitrile
UV: 220 nm
Injection: 900 ul
Gradient: 35% B (5 minutes); 35-85% B (13 minutes); 85-35% B (0.5 minutes); 35% B (1.5 minutes)
The compounds listed in Tables 14-17 or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof were prepared according to the methods described herein.







TABLE 14







CXCR4 i1 loop compounds



















MS





N-terminus

MS
Observed


No.
Loop
Sequence
T-L
C-terminus
Theoretical
Ion
















1
i1
AGYQKKLRSMT
C15H31C(O)—
NH2






D (SEQ ID NO: 11)






 


2
i1
MAYQKKLRSMT
C15H31C(O)—
NH2






D (SEQ ID NO: 12)






 


3
i1
MGAQKKLRSMT
C15H31C(O)—
NH2






D (SEQ ID NO: 13)






 


4
i1
MGYAKKLRSMT
C15H31C(O)—
NH2






D (SEQ ID NO: 14)






 


5
i1
MGYQKKLRAM
C15H31C(O)—
NH2






TD (SEQ ID NO: 15)






 


6
i1
MGYQKKLRSAT
C15H31C(O)—
NH2






D (SEQ ID NO: 16)






 


7
i1
MGYQKKLRSM
C15H31C(O)—
NH2






AD (SEQ ID NO: 17)






 


8
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
C15H31C(O)—
NH2






A (SEQ ID NO: 18)






 


9
i1
MGYQAKLRSMT
C15H31C(O)—
NH2






D (SEQ ID NO: 19)






 


10
i1
MGYQKKLASMT
C15H31C(O)—
NH2






D (SEQ ID NO: 20)






 


11
i1
MGYQKALRSMT
C15H31C(O)—
NH2






D (SEQ ID NO: 21)






 


12
i1
MGYQKKARSM
C15H31C(O)—
NH2






TD (SEQ ID NO: 22)






 


13
i1
mGYQKKLRSMT
C15H31C(O)—
NH2






D (SEQ ID NO: 23)






 


14
i1
MGyQKKLRSMT
C15H31C(O)—
NH2






D (SEQ ID NO: 24)






 


15
i1
MGYqKKLRSMT
C15H31C(O)—
NH2






D (SEQ ID NO: 25)






 


16
i1
MGYQkKLRSMT
C15H31C(O)—
NH2






D (SEQ ID NO: 26)






 


17
i1
MGYQKkLRSMT
C15H31C(O)—
NH2






D (SEQ ID NO: 27)






 


18
i1
MGYQKKlRSMT
C15H31C(O)—
NH2






D (SEQ ID NO: 28)






 


19
i1
MGYQKKLrSMT
C15H31C(O)—
NH2






D (SEQ ID NO: 29)






 


20
i1
MGYQKKLRsMT
C15H31C(O)—
NH2






D (SEQ ID NO: 30)






 


21
i1
MGYQKKLRSmT
C15H31C(O)—
NH2






D (SEQ ID NO: 31)






 


22
i1
MGYQKKLRSMt
C15H31C(O)—
NH2






D (SEQ ID NO: 32)






 


23
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
C15H31C(O)—
NH2






d (SEQ ID NO: 33)






 


24
i1
GSHYQKKLRSST
C15H31C(O)—
NH2






D (SEQ ID NO: 34)






 


25
i1
SGYQKKLRSSTD
C17H33C(O)—
NH2






(SEQ ID NO: 1)






 


26
i1
SGYQKKLRSSTD
C16H31C(O)—
NH2






(SEQ ID NO: 1)






 


27
i1
sGYQKKLRSSTD
C15H31C(O)—
NH2






(SEQ ID NO: 68)






 


28
i1
GSGYQKKLRSST
C15H31C(O)—
NH2






D (SEQ ID NO: 35)






 


29
i1
YQKKLRSSTD
C15H31C(O)—
NH2






(SEQ ID NO: 36)






 


30
i3
JGYQKKLRSJTD
C15H31C(O)—
NH2






(SEQ ID NO: 4)






 


31
i3
JGYQKKLRSJTD
C15H31C(O)-
NH2






(SEQ ID NO: 4)






 


32
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
CH3C(O)—
NH2






D (SEQ ID NO: 376)






 


33
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
Footnote: 1
NH2
 655.8
 655.5




D (SEQ ID NO: 376)






 


34
i1
LVMGYQKKLRS
C15H31C(O)—
NH2
 954.7, 636.8
 954.2, 646.3




MTD (SEQ ID NO:








78)






 


35
i1
VMGYQKKLRS
C15H31C(O)—
NH2
 898.1
 897.7




MTD (SEQ ID NO:








86)






 


36
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
C15H31C(O)—
NH2
 912.7
 912.2




DK (SEQ ID NO: 79)






 


37
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
C15H31C(O)—
NH2
 994.3
 993.7




DKY (SEQ ID NO: 80)






 


38
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
C15H31C(O)—
NH2
 752.9
 753




DKYRL (SEQ ID








NO: 82)






 


39
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
C15H31C(O)—
NH2
 836.4
 836




DKYRLHL (SEQ








ID NO: 83)






 


40
i1
YQKKLRSMTDK
C15H31C(O)—
NH2
1253.0, 835.7,
1254, 836,




YRLHLSV (SEQ


 627.2
 627.50




ID NO: 77)






 


41
i1
KKLRSMTDKYR
C15H31C(O)—
NH2
1107.4, 738.6,
1107.0, 738.0,




LHLSV (SEQ ID


 554.2
 554




NO: 74)






 


42
i1
KKLRSMTDKYR
C15H31C(O)—
NH2
1014.3, 676.5
1014.0, 676.0




LHL (SEQ ID NO:








73)






 


43
i1
KKLRSMTDKYR
C15H31C(O)—
NH2
 957.7, 638.8
 958.0, 638.0




LH (SEQ ID NO:








42)






 


44
i1
KKLRSMTDKYR
C15H31C(O)—
NH2
 889.2, 592.1
 888.0, 592.0




L (SEQ ID NO: 71)






 


45
i1
KKLRSMTDKYR
C15H31C(O)—
NH2
 832.6
 833




(SEQ ID NO: 70)






 


46
i1
KKLRSMTDKY
C15H31C(O)—
NH2
 754.5
 754




(SEQ ID NO: 69)






 


47
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
C15H31C(O)—
NH2
 827.8, 621.0
 828.0, 621.0




DKYRI (SEQ ID








NO: 81)






 


48
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
Footnote: 2
NH2
 837.4
 837.4




DKYRI (SEQ ID








NO: 81)






 


49
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
C15H31C(O)—
NH2
 752.9
 753




DKYRI (SEQ ID








NO: 81)






 


50
i1
SGYQKKLRSSTD
Footnote: 2
NH2
 931.2
 931




(SEQ ID NO: 1)






 


51
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
Footnote: 2
NH2
 975.3, 650.5
 975.0, 650.5




D (SEQ ID NO: 376)






 


52
i1
QKKLRSMTDKY
CH3C(O)—
NHC16H33
 645.2
 645




RI (SEQ ID NO: 75)






 


53
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
C15H31C(O)—
NH2
 683.7
 684




DKYRLHL (SEQ








ID NO: 83)






 


54
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
Footnote: 2
NH2
 920.9, 690.9
 921.0, 691.0




DKYRLHL (SEQ








ID NO: 83)






 


55
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
C15H31C(O)—
NH2
 898.4
 898




DKYRLHLSV








(SEQ ID NO: 84)






 


56
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
Footnote: 2
NH2
 982.9, 737.5
 982.0, 737.0




DKYRLHLSV








(SEQ ID NO: 84)






 


58
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
CH3C(O)—
NH2
 814.5
 814.5




DK (SEQ ID NO: 79)






 


59
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
CH3C(O)—
NHC16H33
 926.7, 618.1
 926.5, 618




DK (SEQ ID NO: 79)






 


60
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
Footnote: 2
NH2
 693.2
 693.2




DK (SEQ ID NO: 79)






 


61
i1
KKLCRSMTDKC
C15H31C(O)—
NH2
 991.2
 990




YRL (SEQ ID NO: 87)






 


62
i1
KKLRCSMTDCK
C15H31C(O)—
NH2






YRL (SEQ ID NO: 88)






 


63
i1
KKLRSMTDKYR
C15H31C(O)—
NH2
 902.2
 901.7




L (SEQ ID NO: 71)






 


64
i1
KKLRSMTDKYR
C15H31C(O)—
NH2
 911.2
 910.5




L (SEQ ID NO: 71)






 


65
i1
KRMKTSLYDGR
C15H31C(O)—
NH2
 752.9
 752.3




MQYLK (SEQ ID








NO: 67)






 


66
i1
YTKRLDSHRKL
C15H31C(O)—
NH2
 957.7
 956.7




KM (SEQ ID NO: 85)






 


67
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
CH3C(O)—
NH2
 687.8
 687




DKYRL (SEQ ID








NO: 82)






 


68
i1
KKLRSXTDKYR
C15H31C(O)—
NH2
 632.8
 632.3




LH (SEQ ID NO: 72)






 


69
i1
SGYQKKLRSSTD
C15H31C(O)—
NH2






(SEQ ID NO: 1)






 


70
i1
SGYQKKLRSSTD
C16H33O2C(O)—
NH2






(SEQ ID NO: 1)






 


71
i1
SGYQKKLRSSTD
C23H39OC(O)—
NH2






(SEQ ID NO: 1)






 


72
i1
MGYQKKLRSST
C15H31C(O)—
NH2






D (SEQ ID NO: 2)






 


73
i1
SGYQKKLRSMT
C15H31C(O)—
NH2






D(SEQ ID NO: 3)






 


117
i1
kKLRSMTDKYR
Pal







LH (SEQ ID NO:








89)






 


118
i1
KkLRSMTDKYR
Pal







LH (SEQ ID NO:








90)






 


119
i1
KKlRSMTDKYRL
Pal







H (SEQ ID NO: 91)






 


120
i1
KKLrSMTDKYRL
Pal







H (SEQ ID NO: 92)






 


121
i1
KKLRsMTDKYR
Pal







LH (SEQ ID








NO: 93)






 


122
i1
KKLRSmTDKYR
Pal







LH (SEQ ID NO:








94)






 


123
i1
AKLRSMTDKYR
Pal







LH (SEQ ID NO:








95)






 


124
i1
KALRSMTDKYR
Pal







LH (SEQ ID








NO: 96)






 


125
i1
KKARSMTDKYR
Pal







LH (SEQ ID








NO: 97)






 


126
i1
KKLASMTDKYR
Pal







LH (SEQ ID NO:








98)






 


127
i1
KKLRAMTDKYR
Pal







LH (SEQ ID NO:








99)






 


128
i1
KKLRSATDKYR
Pal







LH (SEQ ID NO:








100)






 


129
i1
AGYQKKLRSMT
Pal







DKYRL (SEQ ID








NO: 101)






 


130
i1
MAYQKKLRSMT
Pal







DKYRL (SEQ ID








NO: 102)






 


131
i1
MGAQKKLRSMT
Pal







DKYRL (SEQ ID








NO: 103)






 


132
i1
MGYAKKLRSMT
Pal







DKYRL (SEQ ID








NO: 104)






 


133
i1
MGYQAKLRSMT
Pal







DKYRL (SEQ ID








NO: 105)






 


134
i1
MGYQKALRSMT
Pal







DKYRL (SEQ ID








NO: 106)






 


135
i1
MGYQKKARSM
Pal







TDKYRL (SEQ ID








NO: 107)






 


136
i1
MGYQKKLASMT
Pal







DKYRL (SEQ ID








NO: 108)






 


137
i1
KKLRSMTDKYR
Myr







LH (SEQ ID








NO: 42)






 


138
i1
KKLRSMTDKYR
Lca







LH (SEQ ID








NO: 42)






 


139
i1
KKLRSMADKYR
Pal







LH (SEQ ID NO: 109)






 


140
i1
KKLRSMTAKYR
Pal







LH (SEQ ID NO: 110)






 


141
i1
KKLRSMTDAYR
Pal







LH (SEQ ID NO: 111)






 


142
i1
KKLRSMTDKAR
Pal







LH (SEQ ID NO: 112)






 


143
i1
KKLRSMTDKYA
Pal







LH (SEQ ID NO: 113)






 


144
i1
KKLRSMTDKYR
Pal







AH (SEQ ID NO: 114)






 


145
i1
KKLRSMTDKYR
Pal







LA (SEQ ID NO: 115)






 


146
i1
MGYQKKLRAM
Pal







TDKYRL (SEQ ID








NO: 116)






 


147
i1
MGYQKKLRSAT
Pal







DKYRL (SEQ ID








NO: 117)






 


148
i1
MGYQKKLRSM
Pal







ADKYRL (SEQ








ID NO: 118)






 


149
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
Pal







AKYRL (SEQ ID








NO: 119)






 


150
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
Pal







DAYRL (SEQ ID








NO: 120)






 


151
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
Pal







DKARL (SEQ ID








NO: 121)






 


152
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
Pal







DKYAL (SEQ ID








NO: 122)






 


153
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
Pal







DKYRA (SEQ ID








NO: 123)






 


154
i1
KKLRSMtDKYRL
Pal







H (SEQ ID NO: 124)






 


155
i1
KKLRSMTdKYR
Pal







LH (SEQ ID NO: 125)






 


156
i1
KKLRSMTDKYrL
Pal







H (SEQ ID NO: 126)






 


157
i1
KKLRSMTDKYRl
Pal







H (SEQ ID NO: 127)






 


158
i1
KKLRSMTDKYR
Pal







Lh (SEQ ID NO: 128)






 


159
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
Pal







DKYRl (SEQ ID








NO: 381)






 


160
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
Pal







DKYrL (SEQ ID








NO: 129)






 


161
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
Pal







DKyRL (SEQ ID








NO: 130)






 


162
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
Pal







DkYRL (SEQ ID








NO: 131)






 


163
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
Pal







dKYRL (SEQ ID








NO: 132)






 


164
i1
MGYQKKLRSMt
Pal







DKYRL (SEQ ID








NO: 133)






 


165
i1
mGYQKKLRSMT
Pal







DKYRL (SEQ ID








NO: 134)






 


166
i1
MGyQKKLRSMT
Pal







DKYRL (SEQ ID








NO: 135)






 


167

MGYqKKLRSMT
Pal







DKYRL (SEQ ID








NO: 136)






 


168
i1
MGYQkKLRSMT
Pal







DKYRL (SEQ ID








NO: 137)






 


169
i1
MGYQKkLRSMT
Pal







DKYRL (SEQ ID








NO: 138)






 


170
i1
MGYQKKlRSMT
Pal







DKYRL (SEQ ID








NO: 139)






 


171
i1
MGYQKKLrSMT
Pal







DKYRL (SEQ ID








NO: 140)






 


172

MGYQKKLRsMT
Pal







DKYRL (SEQ ID








NO: 141)






 


173
i1
MGYQKKLRSmT
Pal







DKYRL (SEQ ID








NO: 142)






 


174
i1
KKLRSMTDKYRl
Pal







S (SEQ ID NO: 143)






 


175
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
Pal







DKYRL (SEQ ID








NO: 82)






 


176
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
Elaidic







DKYRL (SEQ ID








NO: 82)






 


177
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
Oleic







DKYRL (SEQ ID








NO: 82)






 


178
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT
3-







DKYRL (SEQ ID
(dodecyloxy)







NO: 82)
propanoate





 


179
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT








DKYRL (SEQ ID








NO. 82)






 


180
i1
KKLRSMTDKYR
Pal







LH (SEQ ID NO: 42)






 


181
i1
KKLRSMTDKYR
3-







LH (SEQ ID NO: 42)
(dodecyloxy)








propanoate





 


182
i1
KKLRSMTDKYR








LH (SEQ ID NO: 42)






 


183
i1
KKLRSMTDKYR








LH (SEQ ID NO: 42)






 


184
i1
KKLRSMTDKYR








LH (SEQ ID NO: 42)






 


185
i1
KKLRSMTDKYR








LH (SEQ ID NO: 42)






 


186
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT








DKYRL (SEQ ID








NO: 82)






 


187
i1
MGYQKKLRSMT








DKYRL (SEQ ID








NO: 82)






 


188
i3
MGYQKKLRSMT








DKYRL (SEQ ID








NO: 82)






 


189
i1
MGYQKKLRSpT
Pal







DKYRL (SEQ ID








NO: 144)






 


190
i1
MGYQKKLRpMT
Pal







DKYRL (SEQ ID








NO: 145)






 


191
i1
MGYQKKLpSMT
Pal







DKYRL (SEQ ID








NO: 146)






 


192
i1
MGYQKKpRSMT
Pal







DKYRL (SEQ ID








NO: 147)






 


193
i1
MGYQKKLRSMP
Pal







DKYRL (SEQ ID








NO: 148)
















TABLE 15







CXCR4 i2 loop compounds















N-



MS


Sample

terminus

C-
MS
Observed


Lot
Loop
T-L
Sequence
terminus
Theoretical
Ion





74
i2
C15H31C(O)—
DRYLAIVHATNSQR
—(NH)C16H33
679.4, 905.5
679.3, 905.0





PRKLL (SEQ ID NO:








152)





 


75
i2
C15H31C(O)—
VHATNSQRPRKLLA
NH2
612.8
613.0





EKVVY (SEQ ID








NO: 194)





 


76
i2
C31H62NC(O)—
DRYLAIVHATNSQR
NH2
686.6
686.6





PRKLL (SEQ ID NO:








152





 


77
i2
C15H31C(O)—
DRYLAIVHATNSQR
NH2
623.3
623.5





PRKLL (SEQ ID NO:








152)





 


78
i2
C15H31C(O)—
VHATNSQRPRKLLA
NH2
915.2
915





(SEQ ID NO: 195)





 


79
i2
C15H31C(O)—
HATNSQRPRKL
NH2
773.5
773.9





(SEQ ID NO: 196)





 


80
i2
C15H31C(O)—
HATNSQRPRKLLA
NH2
865.6
865.5





(SEQ ID NO: 197)





 


81
i2
C15H31C(O)—
HATNSQRPRKLLAE
NH2
930.2
930.5





(SEQ ID NO: 198)





 


82
i2
C15H31C(O)—
HATNSQRPRKLLAEK
NH2
663.1
663.0





(SEQ ID NO: 171)





 


83
i2
C15H31C(O)—
HATNSQRPRKLLAEKV
NH2
696.2
696.0





(SEQ ID NO:








199)
















TABLE 16







CXCR4 i3 loop compounds















C-
N-

MS
MS



Sequence
terminus
terminus
MW
Theoretical
Observed Ion
















84
HSKKGHQKR
NH2
C15H31C(O)—
1783.258





KALK








(SEQ ID NO: 200)







85
HSKGHQKR
NH2
C15H31C(O)—
1655.086





KALK








(SEQ ID NO: 369)







87
HSKGHQKRK
NH2
C27H50N3
1924.449
963.2
962.0



QALK

O2SC(O)—






(SEQ ID NO: 244)







88
SKLSHSKGHQ
NH2
C15H31C(O)—
2598.225
867.1,
866.7, 650.0 



KRKALKTTVIL



650.6




(SEQ ID NO: 253)







89
KLSHSKGHQ
NH2
C15H31C(O)—
2511.147
838.0,
837.5, 1255.8



KRKALKTTVIL



1256.6




(SEQ ID NO: 249)







90
KLSHSKGHQ
NH2
C15H31C(O)—
2284.832
762.6
762.0



KRKALKTTV








(SEQ ID NO: 248)







91
KLSHSKGHQ
NH2
C15H31C(O)—
2084.597
1043.3
1043.0



KRKALKT








(SEQ ID NO: 219)







92
KLSHSKGHQ
NH2
C15H31C(O)—
1983.493
992.7
992.0



KRKALK








(SEQ ID NO: 247)







93
KLSHSKGHQ
NH2
C15H31C(O)—
1855.321
619.4,
619.3, 929.0 



KRKAL (SEQ



928.7




ID NO: 246)







94
KLSHSKGHQ
NH2
C15H31C(O)—
1742.163
581.7,
582.0, 872.0 



KRKA (SEQ



872.1




ID NO: 245)







95
LSHSKGHQK
NH2
C15H31C(O)—
1855.321
928.7
928.0



RKALK








(SEQ ID NO: 250)







96
SHSKGHQKR
NH2
C15H31C(O)—
1742.163
581.7
585.0



KALK








(SEQ ID NO: 251)







97
HSKGHQKRK
NH2
C15H31C(O)—
1756.19
879.1
879.0



ALKT








(SEQ ID NO: 222)







98
HSKGHQKRK
NH2
C15H31C(O)—
1857.294
620.1
619.9



ALKTT








(SEQ ID NO: 241)







99
HSKGHQKRK
NH2
C15H31C(O)—
1956.425
653.0
653.0



ALKTTV








(SEQ ID NO: 242)







100
HSKGHQKRK
NH2
C15H31C(O)—
2069.583
733.0
733.6



ALKTTVI








(SEQ ID NO: 243)







101
SKLSHSKGHQ
NH2
C15H31C(O)—
2070.571
1036.3
1036.0



KRKALK








(SEQ ID NO: 252)







102
IIISKLSHSKG
NH2
C15H31C(O)—
2511.147
628.8
628.7



HQKRKALKT








(SEQ ID NO: 202)







103
IIISKLSHSKG
NH2
C31H62NC(O)—
2765.556
692.4
692.4



HQKRKALKT








(SEQ ID NO: 202)







104
IIISKLSHSKG
—(NH)C16H33
C15H31C(O)—
2735.573
684.9
684.7



HQKRKALKT








(SEQ ID NO: 202)







105
KLSHSKGHQ
NH2
C31H62NC(O)—
2764.571
684.9
685.0



KRKALKTTVIL








(SEQ ID NO: 249)







106
QHLHIALKKS
NH2
C15H31C(O)—
2598.225
650.6
650.0



TSRKVKSGTLK








(SEQ ID NO: 254)





Foot Note 1 of Tables is





Footnote 2 of the tables is:



















TABLE 17







CXCR4 i4 loop compounds





















MS






C-

MS
Observed


No.
Loop
N-terminus
MW
terminus
Sequence
Theoretical
Ion

















107
i4
C31H62NC(O)— 
4248.067
NH2
GAKFKTSAQHALTS
1063.0
1063.0







VSRGSSLKILSKGKR









GGHSSVST (SEQ ID









NO: 263)




 


108
i4
C31H62NC(O)—
3592.41
NH2
GAKFKTSAQHALTS
1198.5
1199







VSRGSSLKILSKGKR









G (SEQ ID NO: 270)




 


109
i4
C15H31C(O)—
3994.644
NH2
GAKFKTSAQHALTS
 999.7, 799.2
 800.0,







VSRGSSLKILSKGKR

1000.0







GGHSSVST (SEQ ID









NO: 263)




 


110
i4
C15H31C(O)—
3870.571
NH2
GAKFKTSAQHALTS
 775.1
 774.7







VSRGSSLKILSKGKR









GGSCFH (SEQ ID









NO: 368)




 


111
i4
C15H31C(O)—
3338.987
NH2
GAKFKTSAQHALTS
 835.8, 1114.0
1835.8,







VSRGSSLKILSKGKR

1114.0







G (SEQ ID NO: 270)




 


112
i4
C15H31C(O)—
3052.8
NH2
GAKFKTSAQHALTS
 764.2
 764.6







VSRGSSLKILSGGK
1018.6
1019.0







(SEQ ID NO: 383)




 


113
i4
C15H31C(O)—
2083.477
NH2
GAKFKTSAQHALTS
 695.5, 1042.8
 695.0,







VSRG (SEQ ID NO:

1042.0







282)




 


114
i4
C15H31C(O)—
2940.526
NH2
GAKFKTSAQHALTS
 736.1, 981.2
 736.0, 982.0







VSRGSSLKILSK









(SEQ ID NO: 274)




 


115
i4
C15H31C(O)—
2498.961
NH2
GAKFKTSAQHALTS
 625.8, 834.0
 626.0, 834.0







VSRGSSLK (SEQ ID









NO: 278)




 


116
i4
C15H31C(O)—
1938.18
NH2
GAKFKTSAQHALTS
 646.7
 647.3







VR (SEQ ID NO:









384)









Synthesis of Selected Compounds








(SEQ ID NO: 253):


Compound No. 88 (Pal-SKLSHSKGHQKRKALKTTVIL-amide)






Compound 88 was synthesized as described above on Rink amide resin at 0.1 mmol scale. Amino acids were coupled sequentially as described above. Following deprotection of the Fmoc group on the N-terminal residue serine, the N-terminal amine was capped with palmitic acid (10 eq.), HBTU (10 eq.) and DIEA (10 eq.) as described above. The compound was cleaved from the resin by TFA containing MS, TIS, DDT, and water (82: 4.5:4.5:4.5:4.5; 10 mL), filtered through a coarse frit Buchner full, triturated with ether and the resulting precipitate collected by centrifugation. Crude peptide was taken up in minimum amount of DMSO and TFA and purified by RP-HPLC as described previously. Fractions with correct MW were pooled and lyophilized and analyzed for purity using Method A. The yield of representative lots is illustrated in the following table.














Lot #
Yield (mg)



















1
4



2
2.7



3
6.9










Compound No. 90 (Pal-KLSHSKGHQKRKALKTTV-amide) (SEQ ID NO: 248):

Compound 90 was synthesized as described for Compound 88. The yield of representative lots is illustrated in the following table.














Lot #
Yield (mg)









1
8.6










Compound No. 38 (Pal-MGYQKKLRSMTDKYRL-amide) (SEQ ID NO: 82):

Compound No. 38 was synthesized as described for Compound 88. The yield of representative lots is illustrated in the following table.














Lot #
Yield (mg)



















1
1.8



2
3.4



3
11.0










Compound No. 44 (Pal-KKLRSMTDKYRL-amide) (SEQ ID NO: 71):

Compound No. 44 was synthesized as described for Compound No. 88. The yield of representative lots is illustrated in the following table.














Lot #
Yield (mg)



















1
7.9



2
7.3



3
9.7










Methods of Screening

Functional Assays

Functional assays suitable for use in detecting and characterizing GPCR signaling include Gene Reporter Assays and Calcium Flux assays, cAMP and kinase activation assays. Several suitable assays are described in detail below.
Gene Reporter Assays
Cells expressing the GPCR of interest can be transiently or stably transfected with a reporter gene plasmid construct containing an enhancer element which responds to activation of a second messenger signaling pathway or pathways, thereby controlling transcription of a cDNA encoding a detectable reporter protein. GPCR expression can be the result of endogenous expression on a cell line or cell type or the result of stable or transient transfection of DNA encoding the receptor of interest into a cell line by means commonly used in the art. Immortalized cell lines or primary cell cultures can be used.
If the activated pathway is stimulatory (e.g., Gs or Gq), agonist activity results in activation of transcription factors, in turn causing an increase in reporter gene transcription, detectable by an increase in reporter activity. To test for agonist or inverse agonist activity, cells expressing the GPCR and the reporter gene construct can be challenged by the test compound for a predetermined period of time (e.g., 2-12 hours, typically 4 hours). Cells can then be assessed for levels of reporter gene product. Inverse agonists will suppress levels of reporter to below basal levels in a dose dependent manner. To test for antagonist or inhibitory activity through a stimulatory pathway, cells expressing both the GPCR and the reporter gene construct can be activated by a receptor agonist to increase gene reporter product levels. Treatment with antagonists will counter the effect of agonist stimulation in a dose- and receptor-dependent manner.
To test for agonist activity on receptor signaling through an inhibitory pathway (e.g., Gi, which couples to CXCR4), cells can be treated with a systematic activator (e.g., forskolin) to increase levels of reporter gene product. Activation of Gi by treatment with receptor agonist will inhibit this expression by inhibiting adenylyl cyclase. To screen for antagonist activity, test compounds can be assessed for the ability to counter agonist inhibition of adenylyl cyclase, resulting in increase reporter transcription.
Alternatively, a plasmid construct expressing the promiscuous G-protein Ga16 can be used to obtain a positive signal from a GPCR which normally couples to an inhibitory G-protein. Co-expression of the chimeric G-protein Gaq/Gai5 (Coward et al. Analytical Biochemistry 270, 242-248 (1999)) allows coupling to Gi-coupled receptors and conversion of second messenger signaling from the inhibitory Gi pathway to the stimulatory Gq pathway. Agonist and antagonist assessment in these systems is the same as the stimulatory pathways. Well-to-well variation caused by such factors as transfection efficiency, unequal plating of cells, and cell survival rates can be normalized in transient transfection assays by co-transfecting a constitutively expressing reporter gene with a non-interfering signal independent of the regulated reporter.
Chemotaxis Assay
Chemotaxis assays were utilized to determine the effect of compound on the directed migration of cells in response to chemokine. Cells that express a receptor of interest were placed in the upper chamber of a Transwell chemotaxis plate (Corning) and allowed to migrate through a polycarbonate membrane to a lower chamber containing the appropriate receptor-specific ligand. To test for antagonist or potentiating activity, cells were mixed with the desired concentration of compound prior to addition to the upper chamber. Conversely, agonist activity was determined by adding compound in the bottom chamber only without endogenous chemokine. The effect of compound is quantified by several parameters, including the extent of maximum response, the shift of agonist dose-response curves, and the area under the curve.
To measure the CXCR4-dependent migration of cells, the appropriate concentration of CXCL12 (SDF1a) or test compound was diluted in phenol red-free RMPI-1640/20 mM HEPES/0.5% BSA buffer and placed in the bottom chamber of a transwell apparatus. CCRF-CEM cells, a human T-cell ALL line that endogenously expresses CXCR4, were washed twice in buffer and resuspended at 133,000 cells/ml. A 75 μl sample of this suspension is mixed with the test compound of interest and placed in the upper chamber of a 5-micron transwell apparatus.
To initiate cell migration, the assembled transwell plate was placed in a 37° C., 0.5% CO2 incubator for a specified time interval, typically between 30 and 120 minutes. After incubation, the unit was disassembled and the lower chamber placed at −80° C. overnight to facilitate lysis of cells. To quantify migrated cells, plates were thawed at 37° C. in a humidified chamber, and then a sample volume was removed from each well and mixed with an equal volume of CyQuant (Invitrogen) working solution in opaque plates. The fluorescence intensity of each well represents the DNA content and is directly proportional to cell number. Each sample was typically run in duplicate or triplicate and each plate included two separate negative controls. The plate background control, which included no cells in the upper chamber, was subtracted from all values. The negative control had no agonist added in the lower chamber, and served to establish the baseline for random migration. A similar procedure was followed for chemotaxis using SUP B-15 cells.
Calcium Flux Assay
Calcium Flux Assay is one of the most popular cell-based GPCR functional assays. It most often uses calcium sensing fluorescent dyes such as fura2 AM, fluo-4 and Calcium-4 to measure changes in intracellular calcium concentration. It is used mainly to detect GPCR signaling via Gaq subunit. Activation of these Gq-coupled GPCRs leads to activation of phospholipase C, which subsequently leads to increase in inositol phosphate production. IP3 receptors on endoplasmic reticulum sense the change then release calcium into cytoplasm. Intracellular calcium binding to the fluorescent dyes can be detected by instruments that quantify fluorescent intensities, such as FLIPR Tetra, Flexstation (MDS) and FDSS (Hamamatsu). In additional to assess Gq-couple receptor signaling, calcium flux assay can also be used to study Gs and Gi couple receptors by co-expressing CNG (cyclic nucleotide gated calcium channel) or chimeric G-proteins (Gqi5, Gsi5 for example). Activation of some Gi-coupled receptors can also be detected by calcium flux assay via Gβγmediated phospholipase C activation.
CXCR4 Testing
The calcium flux assay was used to assess SDF-1α activation of CXCR4 in CCRF-CEM cells (human T lymphoblasts from acute lymphoblastic leukemia). CCRF-CEM cells were seeded into 96-well black plates with clear bottom at 200K/well in RPMI 1640 media with 20 mM HEPES containing 0.2% BSA. After dye loading by incubating with Calcium-4 dye at 37° C. for 1 hour, cell plates were read at 37° C. using the Flexstation 3 workstation. The addition of test compounds or reference antagonists was accomplished either by manual pipetting or by liquid handling using the Flexstation. The latter allows the assessment of intrinsic agonist activity of the test compounds by measuring initial changes in fluorescent intensity. After incubation of 24 minutes at 37° C., SDF-1α was added and receptor activation was assessed by measuring changes in fluorescent intensity using the Flexstation.
Representative Results










CXCR4 i1 loop compound Calcium Flux Data















N-

C-




Comp. #
Loop
terminus
Sequence
terminus
MW
IC50 (nM)
















 38
i1
Pal
MGYQKKLRSMTD
Amide
2255.831
98





KYRL (SEQ ID NO: 82)





 


129
i1
Pal
AGYQKKLRSMTD
Amide
2195.712
197





KYRL (SEQ ID NO: 101)





 


130
i1
Pal
MAYQKKLRSMTD
Amide
2269.857
125





KYRL (SEQ ID NO: 102)





 


131
i1
Pal
MGAQKKLRSMTD
Amide
2163.735
147





KYRL (SEQ ID NO: 103)





 


132
i1
Pal
MGYAKKLRSMTD
Amide
2198.779
213





KYRL (SEQ ID NO: 104)





 


133
i1
Pal
MGYQAKLRSMTD
Amide
2198.736
200





KYRL (SEQ ID NO: 105)





 


134
i1
Pal
MGYQKALRSMTD
Amide
2198.736
250





KYRL (SEQ ID NO: 106)





 


135
i1
Pal
MGYQKKLRSMTD
Amide
2213.751
175





KYRL (SEQ ID NO: 107)





 


136
i1
Pal
MGYQKKLRSMTD
Amide
2170.723
302





KYRL (SEQ ID NO: 108)





 


146
i1
Pal
MGYQKKLRAMTD
Amide
2239.831
170





KYRL (SEQ ID NO: 116)





 


147
i1
Pal
MGYQKKLRSATD
Amide
2195.712
54





KYRL (SEQ ID NO: 117)





 


148
i1
Pal
MGYQKKLRSMAD
Amide
2225.805
298





KYRL (SEQ ID NO: 118)





 


149
i1
Pal
MGYQKKLRSMTA
Amide
2211.821
126





KYRL (SEQ ID NO: 119)





 


150
i1
Pal
MGYQKKLRSMTD
Amide
2198.736
313





AYRL (SEQ ID NO: 120)





 


151
i1
Pal
MGYQKKLRSMTD
Amide
2163.735
>10000





KARL (SEQ ID NO: 121)





 


152
i1
Pal
MGYQKKLRSMTD
Amide
2170.723
>10000





KYAL (SEQ ID NO: 122)





 


153
i1
Pal
MGYQKKLRSMTD
Amide
2213.751
>10000





KYRA (SEQ ID NO: 123)





 


159
i1
Pal
MGYQKKLRSMTD
Amide
2255.831
>10000





KYRL (SEQ ID NO: 831)





 


160
i1
Pal
MGYQKKLRSMTD
Amide
2255.831
5731





KYrL (SEQ ID NO: 129)





 


161
i1
Pal
MGYQKKLRSMTD
Amide
2255.831
>10000





KyRL (SEQ ID NO: 130)





 


162
i1
Pal
MGYQKKLRSMTDk
Amide
2255.831
291





YRL (SEQ ID NO: 131)





 


163
i1
Pal
MGYQKKLRSMTdK
Amide
2255.831
623





YRL (SEQ ID NO: 132)





 


164
i1
Pal
MGYQKKLRSMtDK
Amide
2255.831
322





YRL (SEQ ID NO: 133)





 


165
i1
Pal
mGYQKKLRSMTD
Amide
2255.831
112





KYRL (SEQ ID NO: 134)





 


166
i1
Pal
MGyQKKLRSMTDK
Amide
2255.831
129





YRL (SEQ ID NO: 135)





 


167
i1
Pal
MGYqKKLRSMTDK
Amide
2255.831
116





YRL (SEQ ID NO: 136)





 


168
i1
Pal
MGYQkKLRSMTDK
Amide
2255.831
119





YRL (SEQ ID NO: 137)





 


169
i1
Pal
MGYQKkLRSMTDK
Amide
2255.831
88





YRL (SEQ ID NO: 138)





 


170
i1
Pal
MGYQKKlRSMTDK
Amide
2255.831
72





YRL (SEQ ID NO: 139)





 


171
i1
Pal
MGYQKKLrSMTDK
Amide
2255.831
72





YRL (SEQ ID NO: 140)





 


172
i1
Pal
MGYQKKLRsMTD
Amide
2255.831
90





KYRL (SEQ ID NO: 141)





 


173
i1
Pal
MGYQKKLRSmTD
Amide
2255.831
97





KYRL (SEQ ID NO: 142)









Results

Representative results from the following tables are provided in FIGS. 1-4.








TABLE 18







CXCR4 i1 loop CHTX data


CEM and Sup-B-15 cells





















Peak










Test
Peak





Drug
Cell
AUC
Max (%
Comp.
Control
Peak


Comp. #
Sequence
Conc
Type
(% of)
of)
(nM)
(nM)
Ratio


















33
MGYQKKLRSM
 1.0 uM
CEM
68.9
68.09
1
1
1



TD (SEQ ID NO: 376)









 


33
MGYQKKLRSM
 1.0 uM
CEM
54.81
76.06
0.2
0.2
1



TD (SEQ ID NO: 376)









 


35
VMGYQKKLRS
 1.0 uM
SUP
31.7
49.27
1
5
0.2



MTD (SEQ ID

B-15








NO: 86)









 


35
VMGYQKKLRS
 1.0 uM
CEM
57.9
56.97
5
5
1



MTD (SEQ ID










NO: 86)









 


36
MGYQKKLRSM
 1.0 uM
SUP
49.94
54.8
1
5
0.2



TDK (SEQ ID NO: 79)

B15







 


36
MGYQKKLRSM
 1.0 uM
CEM
101.76
119.07
0.2
1
0.2



TDK (SEQ ID NO: 79)









 


37
MGYQKKLRSM
 1.0 uM
SUP
63.52
91.09
1
5
0.2



TDKY (SEQ ID

B-15








NO: 80)









 


37
MGYQKKLRSM
 1.0 uM
CEM
92.31
97.85
1
25
0.04



TDKY (SEQ ID










NO: 80)









 


38
MGYQKKLRSM
 1.0 uM
SUP
32.38
49.56
1
5
0.2



TDKYRL (SEQ

B-15








ID NO: 82)









 


38
MGYQKKLRSM
 1.0 uM
CEM
75.53
106.96
5
25
0.2



TDKYRL (SEQ










ID NO: 82)









 


38
MGYQKKLRSM
 1.0 uM
CEM
46.27
71.48
0.2
1
0.2



TDKYRL (SEQ










ID NO: 82)









 


39
MGYQKKLRSM
 1.0 uM
SUP
47.43
37.65
5
25
0.2



TDKYRLHL

B-15








(SEQ ID NO: 83)









 


39
MGYQKKLRSM
 1.0 uM
CEM
37.55
59.71
1
25
0.04



TDKYRLHL










(SEQ ID NO: 83)









 


40
YQKKLRSMTDK
 1.0 uM
SUP
71.92
71.22
5
25
0.2



YRLHLSV (SEQ

B-15








ID NO: 77)









 


41
KKLRSMTDKYR
 1.0 uM
SUP
51.69
41.71
1
25
0.04



LHLSV (SEQ ID

B-15








NO: 74)









 


41
KKLRSMTDKYR
 1.0 uM
CEM
66.71
76.8
0.2
25
0.01



LHLSV (SEQ ID










NO: 74)









 


42
KKLRSMTDKYRYR
 1.0 uM
SUP
43.82
33.47
5
25
0.2



LHL (SEQ ID NO: 73)

B-15







 


46
KKLRSMTDKYR
 1.0 uM
CEM
69.74
115.97
0.2
25
0.01



LHL (SEQ ID NO: 73)









 


43
KKLRSMTDKYR
 1.0 uM
SUP
70.8
55.84
1
25
0.04



LH (SEQ ID NO: 42)

B-15







 


43
KKLRSMTDKYR
 1.0 uM
CEM
32.08
77.15
0.2
1
0.2



LH (SEQ ID NO: 42)









 


43
KKLRSMTDKYR
 3.0 uM
CEM
79.43
76.32
0.2
0.2
0.2



LH (SEQ ID NO: 42)









 


43
KKLRSMTDKYR
 1.0 uM
CEM
84.82
66.81
0
0
0.04



LH (SEQ ID NO: 42)









 


43
KKLRSMTDKYR
 0.3 uM
CEM
92.91
80.68
0
0
0.04



LH (SEQ ID NO: 42)









 


43
KKLRSMTDKYR
 0.1 uM
CEM
113.68
96.86
0.2
0.2
0.2



LH (SEQ ID NO: 42)









 


43
KKLRSMTDKYR
0.03 uM
CEM
101.82
91.16
0.8
0.8
1



LH (SEQ ID NO: 42)









 


43
KKLRSMTDKYR
0.01 uM
CEM
98.09
93.17
0.8
0.8
1



LH (SEQ ID NO: 42)









 


43
KKLRSMTDKYR
 3.0 uM
CEM
79.17
72.73
0
0.2
0.2



LH (SEQ ID NO: 42)









 


43
KKLRSMTDKYR
 1.0 uM
CEM
85.24
78.94
0
0
0.04



LH (SEQ ID NO: 42)









 


43
KKLRSMTDKYR
 0.3 uM
CEM
97.93
84.51
0
0
0.04



LH (SEQ ID NO: 42)









 


43
KKLRSMTDKYR
 0.1 uM
CEM
108.05
93.58
0
0.2
0.2



LH (SEQ ID NO: 42)









 


43
KKLRSMTDKYR
0.03 uM
CEM
109.76
92.65
0.8
0.8
1



LH (SEQ ID NO: 42)









 


43
KKLRSMTDKYR
0.01 uM
CEM
109.93
114.2
0.8
0.8
1



LH (SEQ ID NO: 42)









 


44
KKLRSMTDKYR
 1.0 uM
SUP
25.94
31.52
1
5
0.2



L (SEQ ID NO: 71)

B-15







 


44
KKLRSMTDKYR
 1.0 uM
CEM
15.86
54.8
0.2
1
0.2



L (SEQ ID NO: 71)









 


44
KKLRSMTDKYR
 1.0 uM
CEM
92.31
97.85
1
25
0.04



L (SEQ ID NO: 71)









 


45
KKLRSMTDKYR
 1.0 uM
SUP
178.4
193.55
5
5
1



(SEQ ID NO: 70)

B-15







 


46
KKLRSMTDKY
 1.0 uM
SUP
87.24
82.87
1
5
0.2



(SEQ ID NO: 69)

B-15







 


48
MGYQKKLRSM
 1.0 uM
CEM
53.03
53.48
25
5
5



TDKYRI (SEQ ID










NO: 81)









 


49
MGYQKKLRSM
 1.0 uM
CEM
50.9
62.66
1
5
0.2



TDKYRI (SEQ ID










NO: 81)









 


50
SGYQKKLRSST
 1.0 uM
CEM
102.07
121.17
0.2
1
0.2



D (SEQ ID NO: 1)









 


50
SGYQKKLRSST
 1.0 uM
CEM
52.16
59.19
1
0.2
5



D (SEQ ID NO: 1)









 


52
QKKLRSMTDKY
 1.0 uM
CEM
111.49
97.78
1
5
0.2



RI (SEQ ID NO: 75)









 


52
QKKLRSMTDKY
 1.0 uM
CEM
76.62
92.8
0.2
1
0.2



RI (SEQ ID NO: 75)









 


52
QKKLRSMTDKY
 1.0 uM
CEM
45.5
63.35
0.2
0.2
1



RI (SEQ ID NO: 75)









 


53
MGYQKKLRSM
 1.0 uM
CEM
60.98
68.45
1
0.2
5



TDKYRLHL










(SEQ ID NO: 83)









 


53
MGYQKKLRSM
 1.0 uM
CEM
91.1
89.56
1
1
1



TDKYRLHL










(SEQ ID NO: 83)









 


54
MGYQKKLRSM
 1.0 uM
CEM
83.08
77.31
1
1
1



TDKYRLHL










(SEQ ID NO: 83)









 


54
MGYQKKLRSM
 1.0 uM
CEM
110.43
114.34
1
1
1



TDKYRLHL










(SEQ ID NO: 83)









 


55
MGYQKKLRSM
 1.0 uM
CEM
18.58
39.83
0.2
1
0.2



TDKYRLHLSV










(SEQ ID NO: 84)









 


55
MGYQKKLRSM
 1.0 uM
CEM
43.3
72.73
0.2
1
0.2



TDKYRLHLSV










(SEQ ID NO: 84)









 


56
MGYQKKLRSM
 1.0 um
CEM
33.7
31.5
0.2
1
0.2



TDKYRLHLSV










(SEQ ID NO: 84)









 


56
MGYQKKLRSM
 1.0 um
CEM
64.22
70.2
1
1
1



TDKYRLHLSV










(SEQ ID NO: 84)









 


59
MGYQKKLRSM
 1.0 um
CEM
51.62
59.79
1
1
1



TDK (SEQ ID NO: 79)









 


59
MGYQKKLRSM
 1.0 uM
CEM
68.96
84.52
1
1
1



TDK (SEQ ID NO: 79)









 


69
SGYQKKLRSST
 1.0 uM
CEM
100
93.13
25
25
1



D (SEQ ID NO: 1)
















TABLE 19







CXCR4 i2 loop Chemotaxis data


SUPB-15 cells



















Peak







AUC
Max
Test
Peak



Comp.


(% of
(% of
Comp.
Control
Peak


#
Sequence
Conc
vehicle)
vehicle)
(nM)
(nM)
Ratio

















83
HATNSQRPRK
1.0 uM
126.36
110.06
5
5
1



LLAEKV (SEQ









ID NO: 199)








 


82
HATNSQRPRK
1.0 uM
124.56
126.31
1
5
0.2



LLAEK (SEQ









ID NO: 171)








 


81
HATNSQRPRK
1.0 uM
79.85
76.46
5
25
0.2



LLAE (SEQ ID









NO: 198)








 


80
HATNSQRPRK
1.0 uM
102.2
69.02
5
25
0.2



LLA (SEQ ID









NO: 197)








 


79
HATNSQRPRK
1.0 uM
109.36
109.68
5
25
0.2



L (SEQ ID NO: 196)








 


78
VHATNSQRPR
1.0 uM
71.85
72.31
5
25
0.2



KLLA (SEQ ID









NO: 195)








 


77
DRYLAIVHAT
1.0 uM
42.24
56.21
0.2
1
0.2



NSQRPRKLL









(SEQ ID NO: 152)








 


77
DRYLAIVHAT
1.0 uM
31.64
55.59
0.2
0.2
1



NSQRPRKLL









(SEQ ID NO: 152)








 


76
DRYLAIVHAT
1.0 uM
52.16
54.04
0.2
0.2
1



NSQRPRKLL









(SEQ ID NO: 152)








 


76
DRYLAIVHAT
1.0 uM
8.95
9.03
1
1
1



NSQRPRKLL









(SEQ ID NO: 152)








 


75
VHATNSQRPR
1.0 uM
46.73
52.32
1
0.2
5



KLLAEKVVY









(SEQ ID NO: 194)








 


75
VHATNSQRPR
1.0 uM
47.91
64.15
0.2
1
0.2



KLLAEKVVY









(SEQ ID NO: 194)








 


74
DRYLAIVHAT
1.0 uM
90.39
91.29
5
5
1



NSQRPRKLL









(SEQ ID NO: 152)








 


74
DRYLAIVHAT
1.0 uM
77.13
75.81
5
1
5



NSQRPRKLL









(SEQ ID NO: 152)
















TABLE 20







CXCR4 i3 loop Chemotaxis data


CEM cells

















AUC
Max
Peak Test
Peak






(% of
(% of
Compound
Control
Peak


Comp. #
Sequence
Conc
vehicle)
vehicle)
(nM)
(nM)
Ratio

















87
HSKGHQKR
 1.0 uM
52.64
76.1
0.2
1
0.2



KQALK (SEQ









ID NO: 244)








 


88
SKLSHSKGH
 3.0 uM
116.49
114.49
0.8
0.8
1



QKRKALKT









TVIL (SEQ ID









NO: 253)








 


88
SKLSHSKGH
 1.0 uM
143.61
131.59
0.8
0.8
1



QKRKALKT









TVIL (SEQ ID









NO: 253)








 


88
SKLSHSKGH
 0.3 uM
131.2
113.68
0.2
0.8
0.2



QKRKALKT









TVIL (SEQ ID









NO: 253)








 


88
SKLSHSKGH
 0.1 uM
183.19
157.79
0.03
0.8
0.04



QKRKALKT









TVIL (SEQ ID









NO: 253)








 


88
SKLSHSKGH
0.03 uM
226.59
202.16
0.03
0.8
0.04



QKRKALKT









TVIL (SEQ ID









NO: 253)








 


88
SKLSHSKGH
0.01 uM
172.33
156.08
0.03
0.8
0.04



QKRKALKT









TVIL (SEQ ID









NO: 253)








 


89
KLSHSKGHQ
 1.0 uM
37.55
59.71
1
25
0.04



KRKALKTT









VIL (SEQ ID









NO: 249)








 


90
KLSHSKGHQ
 3.0 uM
152.75
114.49
0.16
0.16
1



KRKALKTT









V (SEQ ID









NO: 248)








 


90
KLSHSKGHQ
 1.0 uM
153.95
131.59
0.16
0.16
1



KRKALKTT









V (SEQ ID









NO: 248)








 


90
KLSHSKGHQ
 0.3 uM
129.83
113.68
0.16
0.16
1



KRKALKTT









V (SEQ ID









NO: 248)








 


90
KLSHSKGHQ
 0.1 uM
175.95
157.79
0.03
0.16
0.2



KRKALKTT









V (SEQ ID









NO: 248)








 


90
KLSHSKGHQ
0.03 uM
217.53
202.16
0.16
0.16
1



KRKALKTT









V (SEQ ID









NO: 248)








 


90
KLSHSKGHQ
0.01 uM
171.8
156.08
0.16
0.16
1



KRKALKTT









V (SEQ ID









NO: 248)








 


90
KLSHSKGHQ
 1.0 uM
66.71
76.8
0.2
25
0.01



KRKALKTT









V (SEQ ID









NO: 248)








 


92
KLSHSKGHQ
 3.0 uM
183.65
175.7
0.8
0.8
1



KRKALK









(SEQ ID NO: 247)








 


92
KLSHSKGHQ
 1.0 uM
196.33
163.91
0.16
0.8
0.2



KRKALK









(SEQ ID NO: 247)








 


92
KLSHSKGHQ
 0.3 uM
179.77
165.35
0.16
0.8
0.2



KRKALK









(SEQ ID NO: 247)








 


92
KLSHSKGHQ
 0.1 uM
173.69
169.49
0.16
0.8
0.2



KRKALK









(SEQ ID NO: 247)








 


92
KLSHSKGHQ
0.03 uM
200.49
198.29
0.16
0.8
0.2



KRKALK









(SEQ ID NO: 247)








 


92
KLSHSKGHQ
0.01 uM
157.79
155.72
0.16
0.8
0.2



KRKALK (SEQ









ID NO: 247)








 


92
KLSHSKGHQ
 1.0 uM
32.08
77.15
0.2
1
0.2



KRKALK









(SEQ ID NO: 247)








 


93
KLSHSKGHQ
 1.0 uM
15.86
54.8
0.2
1
0.2



KRKAL (SEQ









ID NO: 246)








 


94
KLSHSKGHQ
 1.0 uM
65.28
80.48
1
1
1



KRKA (SEQ ID









NO: 245)








 


95
LSHSKGHQK
 1.0 uM
77.47
92.11
1
1
1



RKALK (SEQ









ID NO: 250)








 


96
SHSKGHQK
 1.0 uM
34.22
63.12
1
1
1



RKALK (SEQ









ID NO: 251)








 


97
HSKGHQKR
 1.0 uM
48.9
54.67
1
5
0.2



KALKT (SEQ









ID NO: 222)








 


99
HSKGHQKR
 1.0 uM
44.95
64.52
0.2
1
0.2



KALKTTV









(SEQ ID NO: 242)








 


100
HSKGHQKR
 1.0 uM
49.31
49.84
0.2
5
0.04



KALKKTTVI









(SEQ ID NO: 243)








 


101
SKLSHSKGH
 1.0 uM
75.55
74.92
1
1
1



QKRKALK









(SEQ ID NO: 252)








 


102
IIISKLSHSK
 1.0 um
0
0.24

1




GHQKRKAL









KT (SEQ ID









NO: 202)








 


103
IIISKLSHSK
 1.0 uM
26.32
24.45
1
1
1



GHQKRKAL









KT (SEQ ID









NO: 202)








 


104
IIISKLSHSK
 1.0 uM
36.4
56.39
0.2
1
0.2



GHQKRKAL









KT (SEQ ID









NO: 202)








 


105
KLSHSKGHQ
 1.0 uM
23.79
42.91
0.2
1
0.2



KRKALKTT









VIL (SEQ ID









NO: 249)
















TABLE 21







CXCR4 i4 Loop CHTX data


CEM cells



















Peak







AUC
Max
Test
Peak






(% of
(% of
Comp.
Control
Peak


Cmpd #
Sequence
Conc
Vehicle)
Vehicle)
(nM)
(nM)
Ratio

















116
GAKFKTSAQH
1.0 uM
65.28
80.48
1
1
1



ALTSVR (SEQ









ID NO: 384)








 


115
GAKFKTSAQH
1.0 uM
77.47
92.11
1
1
1



ALTSVSRGSSL









K (SEQ ID NO: 278)








 


114
GAKFKTSAQH
1.0 uM
34.22
63.12
1
1
1



ALTSVSRGSSL









KILSK (SEQ ID









NO: 274)








 


112
GAKFKTSAQH
1.0 uM
48.9
54.67
1
5
0.2



ALTSVSRGSSL









KILSGGK (SEQ









ID NO: 383)








 


110
GAKFKTSAQH
1.0 uM
40.98
42.08
5
5
1



ALTSVSRGSSL









KILSKGKRGG









SCFH (SEQ ID









NO: 368)








 


109
GAKFKTSAQH
1.0 uM
49.31
49.84
0.2
5
0.04



ALTSVSRGSSL









KILSKGKRGG









HSSVST (SEQ ID









NO: 263)








 


108
GAKFKTSAQH
1.0 uM
89.47
83.94
25
5
5



ALTSVSRGSSL









KILSKGKRG









(SEQ ID NO: 270)








 


108
GAKFKTSAQH
1.0 uM
89.47
83.94
25
5
5



ALTSVSRGSSL









KILSKGKRG









(SEQ ID NO: 270)








 


107
GAKFKTSAQH
1.0 uM
57.34
49.48
25
5
5



ALTSVSRGSSL









KILSKGKRGG









HSSVST (SEQ ID









NO: 263)









Compounds with varying biological activities at the CXCR4 receptor have been identified. These include positive allosteric modulating activity, negative allosteric modulating activity, and allosteric agonists. Compounds exhibiting negative allosteric modulating activity at the CXCR4 receptor are evidenced by their ability to inhibit chemoattraction in response to SDF1-a induced chemoattraction. Compound receptor modulators are capable of modifying CXCR4 dependent activity in several characteristic patterns. In FIGS. 1-4, these activities are present.
One such phenotype is left- or right-shifting of the SDF1-a dependent chemotactic response. An example of this response is shown by Compound 43. In this case, 1 uM of Compound 43 induces a left shift of the SDF1-a mediated chemotactic response.
Another phenotype is positive allosteric modulation of the SDF1-a dependent chemotactic response. An example of this response is shown with Compound No. 44. In this case, 30 nM of Compound 88 induces a positive SDF1-a mediated chemotactic response (i.e., the larger RFU response indicates that a greater number of cells migrate toward SDF1a in the presence of Compound 44).
In another example, Compound 44 negatively modulates the SDF1-a induced chemotactic response in CEM cells as evidenced by the lower raw relative fluorescent units (RFU) which reflects the number of cells migrating toward an SDF1a gradient. The lower RFU response, the fewer migrating cells.
Compounds with allosteric agonist activity are evidenced by their ability to induce CXCR4 dependent calcium mobilization (FIG. 5) and/or chemoattraction of leukocytes expressing CXCR4 (FIG. 6). Like the endogenous agonist SDF1-a activity, these CXCR4 agonists exhibit a bell-shaped activity curve with respect to chemoattraction.
HTRF cAMP Assay and IP-One Assay (Cisbio)
HTRF (homogeneous time resolved fluorescence) is a technology developed by Cisbio Bioassays based on TR-FRET (time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer). Cisbio Bioassays has developed a wide selection of HTRF-based assays compatible with whole cells, thereby enabling functional assays run under more physiological conditions. cAMP kits are based on a competitive immunoassay using cryptate-labeled anti-cAMP antibody and d2-labeled cAMP. This assay allows the measurement of increase in intracellular cAMP upon Gs-coupled receptor activation as well as decrease in forskolin stimulated increase in cAMP upon Gi-coupled receptor activation. The IP-One assays are competitive immunoassays that use cryptate-labeled anti-IP 1 monoclonal antibody and d2-labeled IP1. IP1 is a relatively stable downstream metabolite of IP3, and accumulates in cells following Gq receptor activation.
AlphaScreen Cellular Kinase Assays.
GPCR activation results in modulation of downstream kinase systems and is often used to probe GPCR function and regulation. TGR Bioscience and PerkinElmer have developed Surefire cellular kinase assay kits that are HTS capable and useful in screening kinase regulation. Such kits enable the monitoring of Gi regulated downstream kinases like ERK1/2. The assay allows the measurement of increases in ERK1/2 kinase phosphorylation upon Gi coupled receptor (e.g., CXCR4) activation and this signal in turn can be used to assay Gi coupled receptor modulator. Similar kits are also available to assay other pathway dependent signaling kinases such as MAP and BAD.
In Vivo Assays
Animal models are currently available for in vivo validation of novel therapeutics targeting the CXCR4/SDF-1 signaling axis include the mouse air pouch WBCs recruitment model, the PMN mobilization model, the HPCs mobilization model and BM transplantation models including NOD/SCID mice repopulation model.
In the mouse air pouch WBCs recruitment model, the air pouch is formed by 2 subcutaneous injections (on day 0 and day 3) of 3 ml of sterile air. On day 6 mice receive an injection of 1 ml of SDF-1 solution into the formed air pouch. Six or 24 hours later WBCs recruited to the air pouch are recovered and WBCs subsets are analyzed using differential cell count and Flow Cytometry. In this model the concentration of SDF-1 in air pouch is controlled by an investigator.
The other animal models that are widely used for the in vivo validation of novel CXCR4 antagonists are PMNs mobilization model and hematopoietic progenitor's cells (HPCs) mobilization models. These two models are very similar and they exploit the fact that bone marrow niche express high level of SDF-1. Bone marrow SDF-1 interacts with the CXCR4 on bone marrow cells and constitutively activates it. This SDF-1/CXCR4 interaction is critical for the retention of HPCs and immature PMNs within the bone marrow. Disruption of this interaction causes release of PMNs and HPCs into peripheral blood where they can be readily detected and counted using differential cell counter (for PMNs), Flow Cytometry and colony forming units assay (for HPCs). In contrast to the air pouch model, in this model the concentration of SDF-1 is physiological. In addition, PMNs/HPCs mobilization models do not require preliminary preparation of animals for actual experiment as is the case in air pouch WBCs recruitment model.
Bone marrow transplantation models allow assessing long term engraftment potential of mobilized into peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). The donor cells can be of either mouse or human origin like in the NOD/SCID mice repopulation model. In long term repopulation model dilutions of donor blood cells compete with the recipient marrow cells for engraftment in lethally irradiated recipients. This model is relatively long and takes up to 4 months to accomplish.
Recently hematological malignancies such as Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) were recognized as potential indications for anti-CXCR4 therapy. Preclinical data suggests that dislodging of malignant cells from bone marrow environment using CXCR4 antagonists significantly improves survival of animals and outcome of chemotherapy. Several animal models of chemosensitization were developed. They are based on the induction of AML following adoptive transfer of malignant cells such APL cells from mCG-PML-PARα mice, A20 cells, or Ba/F3 cells. To facilitate the detection of malignant cells genes encoding fluorescent proteins or luciferase are introduced into them. The progression of AML and efficacy of anti-AML chemotherapy is assessed using FACS analysis of cells from peripheral blood, spleen and bone marrow. In addition, whole body in vivo bioluminescence imaging allows quantitatation of the effect of CXCR4 antagonists on anti-AML therapy in individual animal over time.
Results
Results are shown in FIG. 7-12.
CXCR-4 compound antagonists/modulators mobilize white blood cells in vivo (mouse model) with efficacy similar to AMD3100 (Mozobil) See FIG. 7. Upon analysis of cell types in peripheral blood it was found that CXCR4 receptor compounds are predominately mobilizing polymorphonuclear lymphocytes (See FIG. 9).
CXCR-4 compound antagonists/modulators are active in mobilizing bone marrow progenitor cells with efficacy similar to AMD3100 (Mozobil). This was demonstrated in a mouse model of progenitor cell mobilization. See FIG. 10. In this assay, DBA/2 mice, male, 10 weeks old, n=4/group; vehicle (10% PEG, 0.1 ml; AMD3100 (2 μmol/kg, in PBS); ATI-2346 (2 μmol/kg, 10% PEG, 0.1 ml). WBCs harvested from 150 ml of blood, premixed with 3 ml of Methocult medium. CFU-GM colonies were scored at day 12.
CXCR-4 compound agonists are also active in mobilizing both neutrophils and bone marrow progenitor cells. The CXCR4 agonist SDF1a has similarly been shown to mobilize bone marrow progenitor cells and hypothesized to occur by establishing an additional chemotactant gradient in the blood following intravenous injection to oppose the natural retentive function of SDF1a in the bone marrow. CXCR4 compound agonists also likely function in this way to mobilize BMPC. An example of Compound 38 agonist data are shown in FIG. 8.
The effects of 10 μmol/kg CXCR-4 receptor compound 43 and CXCR4 compound AMD3100 on PMN recruitment in BALB/c mice following subcutaneous injection are shown in FIG. 11.
The effects of 10 μmol/kg CXCR-4 receptor compound 43 and CXCR4 compound AMD3100 on lymphocyte recruitment in BALB/c mice following subcutaneous injection are shown in FIG. 12.
The teachings of all patents, published applications and references cited herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety.
While this invention has been particularly shown and described with references to example embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention encompassed by the appended claims.

## Claims

1. A compound represented by Formula I:


T-L-P,

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
P is a peptide sequence selected from: SEQ ID NO: 39, 40, 41, 42, 49, 71, 72, 73, 76, 82, 83, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 124, 125, 128, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 144, 145, 146, 147, or 148;
L is a linking moiety represented by C(O) and bonded to P at an N terminal nitrogen of an N-terminal amino-acid residue;
and T is a lipophilic tether moiety bonded to L.

2. The compound of claim 1, wherein the C-terminus of the sequence is functionalized with NR1R2, wherein R1 and R2 are each independently H or alkyl.

3. The compound of claim 1, wherein the C-terminus of the sequence is functionalized with NH2.

4. The compound of claim 1, further comprising a lipophilic tether moiety bonded on the C-terminus of P.

5. The compound of claim 1, wherein T is an optionally substituted (C6-C30)alkyl, (C6-C30)alkenyl, (C6-C30)alkynyl, wherein 0-3 carbon atoms are replaced with oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen or a combination thereof.

6. The compound of claim 5, wherein T is selected from the group consisting of: CH3(CH2)16, CH3(CH2)15, CH3(CH2)14, CH3(CH2)13, CH3(CH2)12, CH3(CH2)11, CH3(CH2)10, CH3(CH2)9, CH3(CH2)8, CH3(CH2)9OPh-, CH3(CH2)6C═C(CH2)6, CH3(CH2)11O(CH2)3, and CH3(CH2)9O(CH2)2.

7. The compound of claim 1, wherein T is a fatty acid derivative.

8. The compound of claim 7, wherein the fatty acid is selected from the group consisting of: butyric acid, caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid, myristoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, erucic acid, docosahexaenoic acid.

9. The compound of claim 1, wherein T is a bile acid derivative.

10. The compound of claim 9, wherein the bile acid is selected from the group consisting of: lithocholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, deoxycholic acid, cholanic acid, cholic acid, ursocholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, isoursodeoxycholic acid, lagodeoxycholic acid, dehydrocholic acid, hyocholic acid, and hyodeoxycholic acid.

11. The compound of claim 1, wherein T is selected from sterols; progestagens; glucocorticoids; mineralcorticoids; androgens; and estrogens.

12. The compound of claim 1, wherein TL is selected from:
CH3(CH2)15—C(O);
CH3(CH2)13—C(O);
CH3(CH2)9O(CH2)2C(O);
CH3(CH2)10O(CH2)2C(O);
CH3(CH2)6C═C(CH2)6—C(O);
LCA-C(O); and
CH3(CH2)9OPh-C(O) wherein

13. The compound of claim 1, wherein T is selected from:

14. The compound of claim 1, selected from:






















































































































































or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing.

15. A compound represented by:




or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

16. A compound represented by:



or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

17. A compound represented by:



or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.