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NAT'L INST OF STANDARDS & TECH R.I.C.

All 102631 051

Treado, S. J/Fenestratlon design of offl QC100 .1156 NO.86-3489 1987 V19 C.1 NBS-P Fenestration Design for Office and

Residential Buildings

S. J. Treado

D. B. Holland

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Bureau of Standards

National Engineering Laboratory

Center for Building Technology

Building Physics Division

Gaithersburg, MD 20899

January 1987

QC

100

pared for: val Civil Engineering Laboratory

rt Hueneme, California

.1)56

86-3489

1987

r. 7

RESEARCH

INFORMATION CENTER

NBSIR 86-3489

FENESTRATION DESIGN FOR OFFICE AND

RESIDENTIAL , BUILDINGS *YD,$fc-3<

S. J. Treado

D. B. Holland

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Bureau of Standards

National Engineering Laboratory

Center for Building Technology

Building Physics Division

Gaithersburg, MD 20899

January 1987

Prepared for: Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory

Port Hueneme, California

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Malcolm Baldrige, Secretary

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS. Ernest Ambler. Director

AESTRAC

The influence of fenestration design on energy performance and

illumination conditions in office and residential buildings is

examined, and recommendations are given for effective design of

fenestration systems to meet occupant requirements. Particular

emphasis is given to various shading strategies, such as blinds,

shades, light shelves and fins, and their impacts on interior

daylight levels and distribution, illumination quality, and

energy requirements.

A comparison is made between the total daylight gain into the

building and the useful daylight gain, where useful daylight i

defined as daylight which can be used to offset electric lightin

requirements. Significant improvements in daylighting, lightin

and thermal performance are shown to be possible with various

fenestration designs.

Keywordscontrast,

illumination,

daylighting, energy

shading, solar gain

performance,

iii

to

tx>

t;n
FOREWORD

This report documents work performed under contract number

N0003785AF00D01 for the Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory,

during the period of October 1984 through September 1985. This

effort is part of a continuing research program investigating the

effective use of daylighting in buildings.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors wish to acknowledge the advice and consultations

provided by Dr. Belinda L. Collins, and the project sponsor Mr.

William Pierpoint. Special appreciation goes to

Mrs. Donna Shoemaker for typing and editing of this manuscript.

DISCLAIMER

References to any commercial equipment, materials or computer

software are given to describe the conduct of the research. Such

identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by

the National Bureau of Standards.

IV
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

ABSTRACT iii

FOREWORD . iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iv

DISCLAIMER iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS v LIST OF TABLES vi

LIST OF FIGURES viii

1. INTRODUCTION 1

2 . BACKGROUND 3

3. DESCRIPTION OF SIMULATIONS 5

4. ANALYSIS OF RESULTS 7

4.1 RESULTS FOR ALL SKY TYPES

4.2 EFFECT OF SKY TYPE

4.3 SEASONAL EFFECTS 1

5. FENESTRATION DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS 12

6. CONCLUSIONS 13

7. REFERENCES 14

v

r-'

o

o
LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Simulated Building Space

Table 2. Fenestration Types

Table 3. Simulation Output Parameters

Taoie 4. Average CRF fo

Table 5. Average TDR fo

Table 6. Average UDR5 0

Table 7. Average UDR100

Table p Average LPR50

Table 9. Average LPR100

Table 10. Average CRF fo

Table 11. Average TDR fo

Table 12. Average UDR50

Taoie 13. Average UDR100

Table 14 . Average LPR5 0

Table 15. Average LPR100

Table 15. Average CRF fo

Table 17. Average TDR fo

Table 13. Average UDR50

Table 19. Average UDR100

Table 20. Average LPR50

Table 21. Average LPR100

Table 22. Average CRF fo

Taoie 23. Average TDR fo

Table 24. Average UDR50

Table 25. Average UDR100

r All Skies

r All Skies

for All Skies

for All Skies

for All Skies

for All Skies

r Clear Skies

r Clear Skies

for Clear Skies

for Clear Skies

for Clear Skies

for Clear Skies .

.

r Partly Cloudy Skies ..

r Partly Cloudy Skies ..

for Partly Cloudy Skies

for Partly Cloudy Skies

for Partly Cloudy Skies

for Partly Cloudy Skies

r Overcast Skies

r Overcast Skies

for Overcast Skies

for Overcast Skies ....

Pace

15

15

13

13

20

21

22

23

24

25

25

27

23

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

35

37

33

39

40

vi
Table 25. Average Skies 41

Table 27. Average

Table 23. Average

Table 29. Average

Table 30. Average

Table 31. Average

Table 32. Average

Table 33. Average

Table 34. Average

Table 35. Average

Table 36. Average

Table 37. Average

Table 33. Average

Table 39. Average

Table 40. Average

Table 41. Average

Table 42. Average

Table 43. Average

Table 44. Awe rage

Table 45 . Average

Table 45. Average

Table 47. Average

Table 43. Average

Table 49. Average

Table 50. Average

Table 51. Average

LPR50 for Overcast

LPR100 for Overcast Skies . CRF for All Skies, June ... TDR for All Skies, June ... UDR50 for All Skies, June . UDR100 for All Skies, June

LPR50 for All Skies, June . LPR100 for All Skies, June

CRF for All Skies, December

TDR for All Skies, December

UDR50 for All Skies

,

December

UDR100 for All Skies

,

December

LPR50 for All Skies

,

December

LPR100 for All Skies, December

CRF for Clear Skies, June .... TDR for Clear Skies, June .... UDR50 for Clea r Skies , June .

.

UDR100 for Clear Skies, June . LPR50 for Clear Skies, June

LPR100 for Clear Ski es , June

CRF for Clear Skies, December

TDR for Clear Skies

,

December

UDR50 for Clear Skies, December

UDR100 for Clear Skies, December

LPR50 for Clear Skies, December

LPR100 for Clear Skies, December

vii

42

43

44

4 5

4 5

47

4 3

49

50

5

1

52

53

54

55

55

57

53

59

50

51

o z

53

54

55

55
LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Daylight distribution and useful daylight in a Duilding space with a window 67

Figure 2. Layout of simulated building 68

Figure 3a. Fenestration types 59

Figure 3b. Fenestration types 70

viii
1 . INTRODUCTION

The potential benefits of daylight utilization in buildings have

been well documented. In addition to the obvious benefit of

reduction of energy usage for electric lighting, daylighting can

reduce peak cooling requirements and annual energy usage for

building space conditioning [1,5]. Additional benefits of

improved illumination quality (i.e. task visibility) and occupant

satisfaction have been attributed to daylight utilization in

buildings. However, these potential benefits can only be

achieved through the judicious selection of fenestration system

elements. Such a selection procedure requires considerable

attention to the trade-offs associated with the various aspects

of fenestration performance, such as solar and light transmission

and distribution, and related thermal characteristics. Site,

location- and occupant factors also influence the fenestration

design requirements.

Traditional fenestration design procedures have involved

computations of solar gains, interior daylight levels and thermal

heat transfer for various design day conditions. Nith the advent

of sophisticated building energy analysis computer simulation

programs, the effects of fenestration design on annual and peak

energy requirements can also be evaluated. The designer is faced

with the task of selecting a fenestration design that is optimal

in some general sense, including energy usage, peak load, and

illumination quantity and quality considerations. Such an

optimization procedure is difficult at best, since comparisons

among these different elements are not straight forward.

To illustrate this point, consider a simple case where a bare

window is compared to a window with a blind, and the impact on

annual energy usage and peak loads is evaluated. The use of

shading will decrease solar heat gains, thereby reducing cooling

loads and cooling energy. Heating loads and energy usage will

increase due to shading. In some geographical locations, the

increased heating energy requirements will more than offset the

reductions in cooling energy needs, because cooling systems have

coefficients of performance greater than 2, while heating

efficiencies are less than one. Thus, less cooling energy

savings occur than heating energy increases for equal, but

opposite, changes in cooling and heating loads. However, peak

cooling loads are decreased through the use of shading. Shading

also impacts lighting energy requirements if day lighting is

utilized, reducing available interior daylight. The selection of

the most effective fenestration design, considering the tradeoffs between total energy usage, peak cooling loads and

daylighting performance, is a formidable task.

The general design problem described above is the subject of much

current research and has yet to be adequately resolved. This

report addresses a subset of the general fenestration

1
optimization procedure as applied to office or residential type

buildings with windows. Particular emphasis is given to the

effect of fenestration design details and shading strategies on

illumination conditions in and energy performance of day 1 it

buildings. The analysis was performed using the CEL 1 computer

simulation program, which possesses sophisticated daylighting and

fenestration modeling capabilities [6,7]. Twenty -eight

fenestration designs were modeled and analyzed to evaluate their

daylighting and energy performance. These designs included

shades, blinds, light shelves and barriers.

The results are presented in a format to allow easy comparison of

the trade-offs and benefits of each fenestration design.

Recommendations are presented to assist the designer in

determining the appropriate fenestration design for a particular

application

.

2
2 . BACKGROUND

In order to compare the relative performance of various

fenestration designs, it is necessary to select a set of metrics

to be used in quantifying the important performance aspects.

These metrics should characterize the important performance

aspects associated with fenestration design. Experience quickly

suggests some obvious metrics, such as light levels, task

contrast and lighting power reductions under typical conditions.

Difficulty arises in adequately defining typical conditions in

a useful manner. A few design cay type analyses usually prove to

be useful, but not sufficient to evaluate net annual effects. To

overcome this obstacle, building energy analysis computer

programs may evaluate building thermal performance in 8750 hourly

increments over a time period of a year [8,9]. While such an

approach adequately determines net annual energy performance, the

individual performance attributes of a particular fenestration

design tend to be obscured due to the shear volume cf

computational effort and outpuc. These programs rend to focus on

net energy and loads performance for a building zone at the

expense of derailed fenestration performance information. It is

possible to generate output reports containing information such

as hourly solar gains and a few ether fenestration -related

parameters; however, this approach is unwieldy.

An alternate approach would be to choose a smaller number of

instants of time distributed throughout, the year, and to look at

the performance cf various fenestration alternatives in greater

detail for those times. This allows a qualitative as well as

quantitative view of the influence of fenestration design on

illumination conditions. While lighting energy for a building

zone can be quantified with a single number, illuminance levels

will usually vary throughout the space, particularly when

daylighting is utilized. Evaluation of task visibility requires

the selection of a typical task and viev/ing direction, as well as

the specification of lighting system characteristics and

luminaire location.

In attempting to evaluate the performance of various fenestration

options, many factors may be of interest. Conductive heat

transfer is dependent on the thermal conductivity of the

fenestration elements, and solar heat gain is a function of solar

transmittance. Daylight gain is related to visible

transmittance, but the distribution of daylight within the

interior building space is dependent on the presence,

configuration and reflectance characteristics of the fenestration

components and room surfaces.

When daylighting is used to minimize lighting requirements, the

amount of lighting power needed at any instant in time is

determined by the level cf useful interior daylight. Useful

daylight can be defined as daylight which can be used to offset

3
electric lighting. Daylight is only useful, from a lighting

energy viewpoint, up to the illumination set-point specified for

the space. If a uniform illumination of 50 footcandles (533 lux)

is desired within the space, daylight is only useful up to that

level. If daylight levels exceed the set-point, surplus

illumination results, and no additional lighting energy

reductions are possible. Of course, daylight levels usually vary

throughout the building space, being highest near the

fenestration elements, and decreasing with distance from the

fenestration. Thus, it is entirely possible that surplus

illumination may occur near the fenestration while more daylight

could be used in other parts of the building space. This

situation is demonstrated in figure 1, which indicates a typical

variation of daylight level with position relative to a window.

Daylight level is greatest near the window, where it exceeds the

illumination set-point, or the desired light level. The daylight

level decreases away from the window. Only the daylight up to

the illumination set-point is useful daylight, in this case given

by the area bounded vertically by the daylight level curve and

the illumination set-point line, whichever is lesser. The area

above the illumination set-point represents surplus illumination.

At a given instant of time, a particular fenestration element

will admit solar radiant energy at a certain rate containing some

fraction of visible light. If the daylight is spread uniformly

throughout the space, useful daylight will be at a maximum,

producing the maximum reduction in lighting power requirements.

The solar heat gain will add to cooling loads or subtract from

heating loads depending on whether the building is in a cooling

or heating mode. Useful daylight reduces lighting energy usage,

and the resulting cooling loads, thereby helping to control

cooling loads. Surplus daylight, however, adds to cooling loads

without reducing lighting energy. If the building is in a heating mode, surplus illumination reduces heating loads. Thus,

the fenestration characteristics which are beneficial while the

building is in a cooling mode are different than those for the

building in a heating mode.

Since interior daylight levels vary with time and position within

the building space, it is difficult to succinctly quantify the

effect of fenestration design on daylighting performance. Thus,

it is useful to determine average performance over a number of

times and positions, and then to examine the variation of results

for different subsets, such as different sky types, times of day

or seasons. Such an analysis allows the designer to evaluate the

detailed performance of the fenestration under different sets of

conditions, and then to determine the fenestration

characteristics which are most beneficial for a particular

application

.

4
3 DESCRIPTION OF SIMULATIONS

The CEL 1 lighting and daylight ing analysis computer program was

used to simulate the performance of various fenestration options.

Simulations were executed for five hours each for typical days in

December, March and June, to examine seasonal and hourly

variations, and for three sky types, clear, partly cloudy and

overcast. Daylight levels, useful daylight levels and task

contrasts were calculated for twelve locations within a typical

office or residential space with a window wall. In addition,

lighting energy requirements were determined for each building

space, for each condition. Twenty-eight fenestration types were

modeled and evaluated. Table 1 lists the characteristics of the

simulated building space. Figure 2 shows the layout of the

simulated building space.

Calculations were performed for the solar times 0800, 1000, 1200,

1400 , and 1 500 , for a latitude of 40 degrees. No particular

geographical location was specified, since no thermal

calculations were performed.

1.

Interior daylight level - Daylight illuminance was calculated

for a horizontal orientation at 12 locations distributed

uniformly throughout the space.

2. Task contrast and contrast rendition factor - Task contrast

is a measure of task visibility determined from the ratio of

the difference in luminance of the dark and light portions of

the task to the luminance of the light part. Contrast was

calculated for a pencil task at a viewing angle of 25

degrees, parallel to the window, for the 12 interior

locations. Contrast rendition factor is the ratio of task

contrast to contrast under spherical illumination. The

sphere contrast of the pencil task was 0.1678.

3. Total daylight ratio - Total daylight is the sum of ail

daylight failing on the work plane. Dividing total daylight

on the work plane by the daylight available at the window

produces the to cal daylight ratio . The total day! ight ratio

is a measure of the ability of the fenestration system to

provide daylight on the work plane, without regard to surplus

illumination considerations. High total daylight ratios

inaicate high solar heat gains, which are beneficial during

the heating season but detrimental during the cooling season.

4. Useful daylight ratio - Useful daylight is the sum of ail

work plane daylight which can reduce lighting energy. The

useful daylight ratio is the ratio of useful daylight on the

work plane to available daylight at the window. High useful

daylight ratios mean low levels of surplus daylight and the

D
corresponding excess solar heat gain, a condition which is

beneficial during the cooling season.

5. Lighting cower ratio - This is the ratio of dimmed lighting

power with daylighting to the undimmed lighting power, at the

illumination set-point. Lev; lighting power ratios mean

lighting energy savings, and reductions in cooling loads due

to lighting energy dissipation.

Since useful daylight levels and lighting power are dependent on

illumination set-point, calculations were made for 50 and 100

footcandles (533 and 1075 lux). Of the 23 fenestration types

simulated, 24 were south-facing and 4 were north-facing. Table 2

lists the characteristics of each fenestration type. Figures 3a

and b show the various fenestration types.

Uhile the fenestration designs are described as being composed of

light shelves, barriers, blinds and shades, they actually

represent broader classes of configurations. For example, a lower light shelf might be implemented by a thin, horizontal

element projecting into the room, or by a deep window sill. In

addition co the exterior barrier design shown in figure 3, a similar shading effect can be obtained by recessing the window in

a vertical well. Thus, from an architectural standpoint,

performance similar to the simulated fenestration designs can be

obtained using alternate configurations with similar geometrical

qualities and reflectance characteristics.

The results for each fenestration type were normalized using the

results for the south-facing bare window. This allows easy

evaluation of the effect of adding each of the fenestration

options to a bare window . For each calculated parameter , a tabulation was made of the average value for all sky conditions,

times and months. Additional tabulations were made for various

subsets by month and sky type.

o
ANALYSIS OF RESULTS

The simulation results were tabulated for all fenestration types,

and then sorted using each parameter as a key. This provides a relative ranking of the performance of each fenestration option

by each parameter. This procedure was implemented for the entire

dataset, and then separately for each sky type, and for the

December and June datasets. The parameters and their

abbreviations used in the tables of results are shown in table 3.

All parameters are normalized using the south-facing bare window

results

The results are averaged for all times, months and sky types

included in the particular tabulation, as identified in the table

caption.

4.1 RESULTS FOR ALL SKY TYPES

Each table displays all of the results, sorted according to a single parameter, with the best performance at the top of each

list, and the poorest performance at che bottom. This allows

comparison of the various fenestration types by each parameter.

Table 4 lists the results sorted by CRFA (average contrast

rendition factor ratio) for all simulations. Very little

variation is seen for this parameter for all fenestration types,

although the blinds with barriers and/or light shelves are at the

top of the list. This indicates that average task contrast was

not significantly dependent on fenestration type, for this mask

and viewing orientation.

Table 5 summarizes the results sorted by TDRA (average total

daylight ratio), for all simulations. Considerable variations in

daylight gain are seen to occur with fenestration type. As would

be expected, the bare window allows the most daylight into the

space, and the shades with barriers the least, capturing only 31

percent of the light admitted by the bare window. However,

examination of the useful daylight columns indicates that the

shades admit 60 percent or more of the useful daylight admitted

by the bare window. Thus, the daylighting performance

differences between the bare window and the shades are nor as

great as would appear on the basis of total daylight gain

differences, due to surplus illumination with the bare window

Also, several of the light shelf and barrier combinations

transmit over 30 percent of the daylight compared to the bare

window

It is interesting to note that the average total daylight ratio

for the north-facing bare window is only 78 percent of that for

the south-facing bare window, but the average useful daylight

ratio for the north bare window is 39 percent higher than the

south bare window. This can be attributed to better interior

daylight distribution with the north window leading to higher

7
useful daylight levels. The south bare window has much higher

direct beam solar gain which causes surplus illumination levels

near the window.

Tables 6 and 7 summarize the results sorted by useful daylight

ratio for illumination set-points of 50 and 100 fc, respectively.

Here we see that the four north-facing windows provide the

highest useful daylight ratios, ranging from 98 to 139 percent of

the south-facing bare window values. The useful daylight levels

are higher for the 50 fc set- point than the 100 fc set -point

because the bare window values used for normalization are

relatively higher for the 100 fc set-point. Almost one-half of

the south facing fenestration options have useful daylight ratios

of 33 percent or more of that for the bare south-facing window,

while the worst performance 'was 50 percent for the shades with

upper barrier. For many fenestration options, the useful

daylight ratios are seen to be much greater than the

corresponding total daylight ratios. This means that significant

lighting energy savings can be achieved while still keeping

cooling loads down and controlling thermal and visual comfort

conditions through the use of shading strategies.

Tables 8 and 9 list the lighting power reduction results for all

simulations, for illumination set-points of 50 and 100 fc,

respectively. These results show that at the 50 fc set-point,

the all barriers and lower light shelf cases produced the same

average lighting power consumption as the bare window. At the

1Q0 fc set-point, the lower barrier, lower light shelf with lower

barrier and blinds with lower barrier all required less average

lighting power than the bare window. This can be attributed to

better daylight distribution with the lover barrier, which

reflects daylight towards the ceiling, thereby increasing

daylight levels deep in the room. The all barriers, lower light

shelf with all barriers and lower light shelf cases all produced

the same average lighting power as the bare window for 100 fc.

As would be expected, average lighting power was less for the

higher set-point, since high daylighting levels were useful in

reducing electric lighting requirements, which otherwise would

have been surplus illumination at the lower set-point. Nine of

the options had lighting power less than ten percent above the

bare window. Lighting power was maximum for the configurations

with shades, ranging from 50 to 100 percent greater than the bare

window for the high set-point.

It is interesting to note that the normalized total daylight

ratios and useful daylight ratios are, in most cases, less than

one, indicating that the additional reflections from barriers and

lightshelves cause more daylight to be absorbed by interior surfaces while improving daylight distribution. However, the useful

daylight ratios are frequently higher than the total daylight

ratios for a particular fenestration option, showing a relative

8
improvement in useful daylight levels versus total daylight

levels, for the fenestration option compared to the bare window.

The north bare window required an average lighting power of one

and one half to two times that for the south bare window,

although with higher useful daylight ratios, due to less

available daylight on a north-facing surface.

4.2 EFFECT OF SKY TYPE

In order to further investigate the caylighting and energy

performance of the various fenestration opcicns, the results were

separatee for each sky type, clear, partly cloudy and overcast,

and sorted according to output parameters as before.

Table 10 displays the clear sky results ranked by contrast

rendition factor. Very little variation in this parameter -was observed, although the spread in values was five percent. In

table 11, the ranking is by total daylight ratio, where the lower

barrier, lower light shelf with barrier and upper light shelf top

the list, outperforming the bare window due to reflected daylight

contributions. The configurations with shades were only IS to 25

percent as effective as the bare window in providing daylight on

the work plane. Useful daylight ratios are the key parameters

used for ranking in tables 12 and 13. Again, the bare window

lies in the middle of the pack with the north-facing windows and

several barrier combinations providing more useful daylight. The

shades ranked at the bottom in useful daylight ratio.

Lighting power reductions for clear skies are shown in tables 14

and 15 for the two set points. The benefits of the lower barrier

and other barrier and light-shelf combinations are apparent in

these tables. The diffusely reflected light from the barriers

ana shelves improves daylight distribution while maintaining high

daylight levels. The fraction of lighting power saved for the

lower set-point was greater than for the upper set-point, in

contrast to the results for all skies, for the top performers.

This is probably due to the low fraction of usable daylight in

the direct beam solar radiation characteristic of clear skies,

combined with the lower demand for daylight to meet the

illumination set-point.

Tables 15 through 21 present the same ranking sequence for the

partly cloudy skies. The general trends are similar to the clear

skies, but average total daylight ratios are lower, and useful

daylight ratios are higher for the north orientations. This is

due to higher incident daylight levels on the north surface with

partly cloudy skies. The upper and lower light shelf with lower

barrier performs particularly well in useful daylight ratio at

the high set point. About one half of the fenestration options

exceed the bare window performance. Several of the barrier

and/or light shelf combinations required less lighting power than

the bare window ranging as low as 13 percent for the low setpoint and 57 percent for the high set-point. This indicates that

9
lighting power is very sensitive to fenestration configuration

under partly cloudy skies.

The results for overcast skies are presented in tables 22 through

27. Contrast does not vary significantly. Total daylight ratios

are essentially equal for north and south facing windows, with or

without shades and useful daylight ratios generally exceeded

total daylight ratios. Lighting power requirements varied as

much as 58 percent higher at the low set-point, and 30 percent

higher at the high set-point, compared to the bare window.

4.3 SEASONAL EFFECTS

Nov/ that the effects of sky type have oeen examined, it is useful

to investigate che variations in fenestration performance with

time of year. The results were sorted by month and then ranked

using each parameter as before. Data are presented for all skies

for the month of June in tables 28 through 33, and the month of

December in tables 34 through 39.

Average contrast is seen to vary only slightly as before. The

south bare window has the highest total daylight ratio for

December, but ranks below the north orientations without a shade

for the June data. Overall, total daylight ratios are lower in

December than in June. Rankings by useful daylight ratio are

similar for both months, with only the north windows exceeding

the south bare window. However, the lower light shelf and

barrier have lower lighting power ratios than the bare window in

June, as does the all barrier case in December, for the low set

point. A few other bar r ier/shelf/biinds combinations beat the

bare window in June at the high set point. While the northfacing windows make good use of admitted interior daylight, as

evidenced by high useful daylight ratios, overall daylight gains

are lower than for a south window, so lighting power savings are

less

.

The clear sky condition was examined in greater detail by

separating the results by month. Tables 40 through 45 present

the clear sky results for June, and tables 45 through 51 show the

clear sky results for December. This information would be most

useful for evaluating summer and winter fenestration performance

in predominantly clear sky locations. Performance can also be

compared to that for all sky conditions to assess the effect of

sky type on the results.

Average contrast exhibits the same lack of sensitivity to

fenestration type. Total daylight ratios, however, are much

higher in June than in December, with 12 of the barrier/shelf

combinations out-performing the south bare window. This can be

attributed to the contribution of reflected direct beam daylight.

The bare window is found near the middle in the useful daylight

10
rankings in both months, demonstrating the superior daylight

distribution provided by the barriers, blinds and light shelves.

Several of the barrier and light shelf combinations gave reduced

lighting power requirements, with larger reductions in June than

in December. Lighting energy for the lower barrier was only 30

percent of that for the bare window at the low set point, and 55

percent at the high set point. Again, reflected daylight is

responsible for these lighting power savings.

11
5 . FENESTRATION DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS

Based on the foregoing computer simulations and results, some

general recommendations can be given for effective use of

fenestration in office or residential buildings. While studies

have shown that overhead fenestration is the most effective

daylighting strategy, roof mounted fenestration have limited

applicability in office and residential buildings due to their

inherent limitation to the top floor of a building and their lack

of allowing a view of the building surroundings. Thus limiting

the analysis to window-wall fenestration designs, in particular

the use of barriers, iightshelves, blinds, shades and

combinations thereof, the following observations and

recommendations are appropriate:

o On average, very little variation in task contrast can be

expected with variation in fenestration design, for reasonable

task viewing directions.

o The use of a lower barrier or light shelf to reflect daylight

into the building space can significantly reduce lighting

power requirements.

o The use of barriers, light shelves and blinds may reduce the

total daylight distributed throughout the building space,

’while useful daylight levels experience less of a reduction.

More useful daylight per total daylight means less surplus

illumination and lower cooling loads due to solar heat gain.

o North-facing windows provide high ratios of usable daylight,

compared to a south-facing window, but lighting power levels

were greater due to lower daylight availability on the north

window

.

o Barriers, light shelves and blinds are even more useful for

clear and partly-cloudy skies t nan for average conditions

,

especially during summer conditions.

o The fully drawn shades options were not effective at reducing

lighting power, however they had high useful daylight ratios

compared to their total daylight ratios, and good overcast sky

daylight distribution. Operable shades would have more

potential

.

o Peak cooling loads can be controlled through the dual benefits

of reduced lighting power and reduced heat gain from

daylighting, through the use of reflective barriers, light

shelves and blinds.

12
6. CONCLUSIONS

Evaluation of the effect of fenestration design, especially the

use of barriers, light shelves, blinds, shades and combinations

of the above, indicates that more effective use of daylight can

be made using such fenestration components compared to a care

window . Since the useful daylight gain, that is the daylight

which can be used to offset electric lighting, is kept high

relative to total daylight gain, lighting energy is reduced while

excess solar gains are minimized, thereby controlling cooling

x o a c s . The relative performance of various fenestracion designs varies

with sky type and season. Reflective barriers, light shelves and

blinds are most effective for clear and partly cloudy skies,

particularly in summer. This suggests substantial potential for

reducing pea;: cooling loads, as well as lighting energy

requirements

13
7. REFERENCES

1. Treado, S. f Gillette, G., and Kusuda, T., "Evaluation of the

Daylighting and Energy Performance of Windows, Skylights and

Clerestories." N3SIR 33-2726, National Bureau of Standards,

Gaithersburg, MD, June 1983.

2. Treado, S., Holland, D., and Remmert, W. , "Daylight ing and

Energy Evaluation of Industrial Buildings." NBSIR 85-3241,

National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, MD , February

1986 .

3. Johnson, R. , Selkowitz, S., Winkelman, F., Zentner, M.

,

"Glazing Optimization Study for Energy Efficiency in

Commercial Office Buildings," Third International Symposium

on Energy Conservation in the Built Environment, Dublin,

Ireland, March 1982.

4. Jurovics, S . , "Daylight, Glazing and Building Energy

Minimization," IBM Scientific Center publication, Los

Angeles, CA, 1931.

5 . Place, W . , Fontoynant, M . , Bauman, F . , Anderson, B . , Howard, T., "Commercial Building Daylighting , " L3L0-14343,

Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, 1982.

6. CEL-1 Lighting Computer Program - User’s Guide, CR 31.026,

Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory, Port Hueneme, CA,

September 1981.

7. Treado, S., Francisco, C., and Holland, D., "CEL-1 User's

Guide Update." NBSIR 84-2974, National Bureau of Standards,

Gaithersburg, MD, November 1984.

3. Hittle, D .

,

"The Building Loads Analysis and System

Thermodynamics (BLAST) Program," Version 2.0, User's Manual

Vol. 1 and Vol. 2, Technical Report E-l 5 3/ADA07 2 27 2 and

ADA722730, U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research

Laboratory, June 1579.

9. Walton, G., "Thermal Analysis Research Program Reference

Manual." NBSIR 83-2655, National Bureau of Standards,

Gaithersburg, MD, March 1983.

14
Table 1. Simulated Building Space

Room width 12 ft

depth 24 ft

height 9 ft

Reflectance - ceiling 0.3

- walls 0.5

- floor 0.3

- ground 0.2

Window - width 9 ft

- height 4 ft

- sill height 4 ft

- transmittance 0.8

Light shelves, barriers -- reflectance 0.S, 1.5 ft deep

Shades - transmittance 0,.4

Blinds - horizontal, open position, reflectance 0.3

Lighting System - fluorescent with dimming controls

15
Table 2. Fenestr ation Types •

1. South bare

2. shades

3. blinds

4. bare lower light shelf

5. shades lower light shelf

6 . blinds lower light shelf

7. bare upper light shelf

3. shades upper light shelf

9. blinds upper light shelf

10. bare upper barrier

11. shades upper barrie r

12. blinds upper barrier

13. bare lower barrier

14. shades lower barrier

15. blinds lower barrier

15. bare all barriers

17. shades ail barriers

i—1

CO • blinds all barriers

19. bare lower light shelf

,

20. bare lower light shelf

,

21. bare lower light shelf

,

22. bare upper light shelf f

23. bare upper

,

lov/er light

24. bare upper light shelf

,

upper barrier

lower barrier

all barriers

lower barrier

shelves, lower

lower barrier

barrier

15
25 Worth bare

25. shades

27. blinds

.

C'J 03 bare lower light shelf

17
Table 3. Simulation Output Parameters

CRFA -

TDRA -

UDR50A -

UDR1QQA

LPR50A -

LPR100A

Average contrast rendition factor ratio

Average total daylight ratio

Average useful daylight ratio for 50 fc (538 lux) set

point

Average useful daylight ratio for 100 fc (1075 lux

set-pcint

Average lighting power ratio for 50 fc (533 lux) set

point

Average lighting power ratio for 100 fc (1076 lux) set

point

IS
Table 4

AVERAGE CRF FOR ALL SKIES

CONFIGURATION VALUE ( SORTED BY CRFA)

CRFA

BLINDS, UPPER BARRIER 1.01

BLINDS, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

NORTH WIN., LO. LIT. SHELF 1.01

UP. Si LO. LIT. SHELF, UP. BAR 1.01

UPPER BARRIER 1.01

BARE WINDOW 1.00

BLINDS 1 .00

BLINDS, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

BLINDS, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

LO. LIT. SHELF, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

NORTH WIN., BLINDS 1.00

SHADES, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

UP. Si LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BAR 1.00

UP. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

ALL BARRIERS 0.99

BLINDS, LOWER BARRIER 0.99

LOWER BARRIER 0.99

NORTH BARE WINDOW 0.99

NORTH WIN. , SHADES 0.99

SHADES 0.99

SHADES,. ALL BARRIERS 0.99

SHADES, LOWER BARRIER 0.99

SHADES, UPPER BARRIER 0.99

SHADES, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.9S

TDRA UDR50A UDR100A LPR50A LPR100A

0.56 0.79 0.78 1.24 1.09

0.54 0.89 0.35 1.41 1.23

0.71 1.32 1.23 2. 18 1.63

0.64 0.82 0.30 1.24 1.06

0.68 0.82 0.80 1.18 1.03

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

0.67 0.96 0.98 1.12 1.06

0.62 0.93 0.93 1.12 1.06

0.65 0.96 0.95 1.12 1.03

0.68 0.93 0.93 1.06 1.00.

0.91 0.86 0.83 1.12 0.94

0.94 0.96 0. 98 1.00 1.00

0.73 1.32 1.25 2. 18 1.63

0.40 0.79 0.73 2.71 1.83

0.30 0.89 0.88 1.12 1.06

0.88 0.93 0.93 1. IS 1.09

0.86 0.93 0.90 1.24 1.11

0.32 0.79 0.78 1.24 1.06

0.74 0.96 0.95 1.00 1.00

0.62 0.86 0.83 1.12 0.97

0.96 0.86 0.88 1.06 0.91

0.78 1.39 1.30 2.00 1.54

0.56 1.07 0.98 3.00 1.97

0.49 0.86 0.80 2.53 1.77

0.41 0.79 0.73 2.59 1.30

0. 35 0.75 0.68 2.24 1.63

0.31 0.68 0.60 2.47 1.74

0.48 0.86 0.80 2. 12 1.57

19
Table 5

AVERAGE TDR FOR ALL SKIES

CONFIGURATION VALUE (SORTED BY TDRA)

CRFA

BARE WINDOW 1.00

LOWER BARRIER 0.99

LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

UP. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

OP. St LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BAR 1.00

NORTH BARE WINDOW 0.99

ALL BARRIERS 0.99

NORTH WIN., BLINDS 1.00

NORTH WIN., LO. LIT. SHELF 1.01

LO. LIT. SHELF, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

UPPER BARRIER 1.01

BLINDS 1.00

BLINDS, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

UP. 3c LO. LIT. SHELF, UP. BAR 1.01

BLINDS, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

BLINDS,* LOWER BARRIER 0.99

BLINDS, UPPER BARRIER 1.01

NORTH WIN., SHADES 0.99

BLINDS, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

SHADES 0.99

SHADES, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.99

©HADES, ALL BARRIERS 0.99

SHADES, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

SHADES, LOWER BARRIER 0.99

SHADES, UPPER BARRIER 0.99

TDRA UDR50A UDR100A LPR50A LPR100A

1.00 1.00 1.08 1.00 1.00

0.96 0. 86 0.88 1.06 0.91

0.94 0.96 0.96 1.00 1.00

0.91 0.66 0. S3 1.12 0.94

0. 88 0.93 0.93 1.18 1.09

0. 66 0.93 0.90 1.24 1.11

0.82 0.79 0.78 1.24 1.06

0.80 0.39 0.68 1.12 1.06

0. 78 1.39 1.30 2.00 1.54

0.74 0.96 0.95 1.00 1.00

0.73 1.32 1.25 2. 16 1.63

8.71 1.32 1.23 2. 16 1.63

0.66 0.93 0.93 1.06 1.00

0.68 0.32 0.60 1. 13 1.03

0.67 0.96 0.98 1.12 1.06

0.65 0.96 0.95 1.12 1.03

0.64 8.32 0.80 1.24 1.06

0.62 0.93 0.93 1.12 1.06

0.62 0.36 0.63 1.12 0.97

0.56 0.79 0.76 1.24 1.09

0. 56 1.07 0.98 3.00 1.97

0.54 0.89 0.35 1.41 1.23

0.49 0. 86 0.80 2.53 1.77

0.43 8.86 0.30 2. 12 1.57

0.41 0.79 0.73 2.59 1.60

0. 40 0.79 0.73 2.71 1.83

0.35 0.75 0.66 2.24 1.63

0.31 0.66 8.60 2.47 1.74
€

Table 6.

AVERAGE UDR50 FOR ALL SKIES

CONFIGURATION • VALUE (SORTED BY UDR50A)

CRFA

NORTH BARE WINDOW 8.99

NORTH WIN., BLINDS 1.00

NORTH WIN., LO. LIT. SHELF 1.01

NORTH WIN., SHADES 0.99

BARE WINDOW 1.00

ALL BARRIERS 0.99

BLINDS 1.00

BLINDS, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

BLINDS, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

LO. LIT. SHELF, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

UP. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

BLINDS, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

UP. * LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BAR 1.00

BLINDS, LOWER BARRIER 0.99

LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

LOWER BARRIER 0.99

SHADES 0.99

SHADES, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.98

UP. I LO. LIT. SHELF, UP. BAR 1.01

UPPER BARRIER 1.01

BLINDS,. UPPER BARRIER 1.01

SHADES, ALL BARRIERS 0.99

SHADES, UPPER LIGHT SI-ELF 1.00

UPPER LIGHT BIELF 1.00

SHADES, LOWER BARRIER 0.99

SHADES, UPPER BARRIER 0.99

TDRA UDR50A UDR100A LPR50A LPR100A

0. 70 1.39 1.30 2.00 1.54

0.73 1.32 1.25 2. 18 1.63

0.71 1.32 1.23 2. 18 1.63

0.56 1.07 0.98 3.00 1.97

1.00 1.00 1.88 1.00 1.00

0.74 0.96 8.95 1.00 1.00

0.67 0.96 8.98 1.12 1.06

0.65 0.96 0.95 1.12 1.03

0.94 0.96 0.98 1.00 1.00-

0.62 0.93 8.93 1.12 1.86

0.68 0.93 8.93 1.06 1.00

0.88 0.93 0.93 1.18 1.09

0.86 0.93 0.90 1.24 1.11

0.54 0.89 0.85 1.41 1.23

0.80 0.89 0.88 1.12 1.06

0.62 0.86 0.83 1. 12 0.97

0.91 0.86 0.83 1.12 8.94

0.96 0.86 0.88 1.06 0.91

0.49 0.86 0.80 2.53 1.77

0.48 0.86 0.80 2.12 1.57

0.64 0.82 0.80 1.24 1.06

0.68 0.82 0.80 1.18 1.83

0.56 0.79 0.78 1.24 1.09

0.41 0.79 0.73 2.59 1.80

0.40 0.79 0.73 2.71 1.83

0.82 0.79 0.78 1.24 1.06

0.35 0.75 0.68 2.24 1.63

0.31 0.68 0.60 2.47 1.74

21
Table 7

AVERAGE UDR100 FOR ALL SKIES

CONFIGURATION VALUE ( SORTED BY UDR100A)

ORFA TDRA UDR50A UBR100A LPR50A LPR100A

NORTH BARE WINDOW 0.99 0.78 1.39 1.30 2.80 1.54

NORTH WIN. , BLINDS 1.00 0.73 1.32 1.25 2. 18 1.63

NORTH WIN. f LO. LIT. SHELF 1.01 0.71 1.32 1.23 2. 18 1.63

BARE WINDOW 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.80 1.00

BLINDS 1.00 0.67 0.96 0.98 1.12 1.06

LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.00 0.94 0.96 0.98 1.00 1.00

NORTH WIN. , SHADES 0.99 0.56 1.07 9.98 3.00 1 . 97 ' ALL BARRIERS 0.99 0.74 0.96 0.95 1.00 1.00

BLINDS, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.00 0.65 0.96 0.95 1.12 1.03

BLINDS, ALL BARRIERS 1.00 0.62 0.93 0.93 1.12 1.06

LO. LIT. SHELF, ALL BARRIERS 1.00 0.68 0.93 0.93 1.06 1.00

UP. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00 9.88 0.93 0.93 1.18 1.09

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00 0.86 0.93 0.90 1.24 1.11

LOWER BARRIER 0.99 0.96 0. 86 0.88 1.06 0.91

UP. & LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BAR 1.00 0.80 0.89 0.88 1.12 1.06

BLINDS, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01 0.54 0.89 0.85 1.41 1.23

BLINDS, LOWER BARRIER 0.99 0.62 0.86 0.83 1. 12 0.97

LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00 8.91 0.86 0.83 1.12 0.94

SHADES 0.99 0.49 0.86 0.88 2.53 1.77

SHADES, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 8.98 8.48 0.86 0.80 2.12 1.57

UP. & LO. LIT. SHELF, UP. BAR 1.01 8.64 0.82 8.80 1.24 1.06

UPPER BARRIER 1.01 0.68 0.82 8.80 1.18 1.03

BLINDS, UPPER BARRIER 1.81 8.56 0.79 8.78 1.24 1.09

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00 8.82 0.79 8.78 1.24 1.06

SHADES, ALL BARRIERS 8.99 8.41 0.79 8.73 2.59 1.80

SHADES, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.80 8.40 0.79 8.73 2.71 1.83

SHADES, LOWER BARRIER 0.99 8.35 0.75 8.68 2.24 1.63

SHADES, UPPER BARRIER 0.99 0.31 8.68 — - 0.68 2.47 1.74

22
Table 8

AVERAGE LPR50 FOR ALL SKIES

CONFIGURATION VALUE (SORTED BY LPR50A)

CRFA

ALL BARRIERS 3.99

BARE WINDOW 1.00

LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

LO. LIT. SHELF, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

LOWER BARRIER 0.99

BLINDS 1.00

BLINDS, ALL BARRIERS ’ 1.00

BLINDS, LOWER BARRIER 0.99

BLINDS, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

UP. fc LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BAR 1.00

UP. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

UPPER BARRIER 1.01

BLINDS, UPPER BARRIER 1.01

UP. h LO. LIT. SHELF, UP. BAR 1.01

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

BLINDS, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

NORTH BARE WINDOW 0.99

SHADES, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.98

NORTH WIN., BLINDS 1.00

NORTH WIN., LO. LIT. SHELF 1.01

SHADES, LOWER BARRIER 0.99

SHADES, UPPER BARRIER 0.99

SHADES 0.99

SHADES, ALL BARRIERS 0.99

SHADES, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

NORTH WIN., SHADES 0.99

TDRA UDR50A UDR100A LPRS0A LPR100A

0.74 0. 96 0.95 i.m 1.00

1.0® i.m 1.0® 1 . 1® 1.0®

0.94 0.96 0.98 1.00 1.00

0.68 0.93 0.93 1.06 1.0®

0.96 0.06 0.88 1.06 0.91

0.67 0.96 0.99 1.12 1.06'

0.62 0.93 0.93 1.12 1.06

0.62 0.86 0. S3 1.12 0.97

0.65 0.96 0.95 1.12 1.03

0.91 0.86 3.83 1.12 0.94

0.30 0.89 0.88 1.12 1.06

0.88 0.93 0.93 1.18 1.09

0.68 0.82 0.80 1.18 1.03

0.56 0.79 0.78 1.24 1.09

0.64 0.82 0.80 1.24 1.06

0.86 0.93 0.90 1.24 1.11

0.82 0.79 0.78 1.24 1.06

0.54 0.89 0.85 1.41 1.23

0.78 1.39 1.30 2.00 1.54

0.48 0.86 0.80 2.12 1.57

0.73 1.32 1.25 2. IS 1.63

0.71 1.32 1.23 2. IB 1.63

0.35 0.75 0.68 2.24 1.63

0.31 0.68 0.60 2.47 1.74

0.49 0.86 0.80 2.53 1.77

0.41 0.79 0.73 2.59 1.30

0.40 0.79 0.73 2.71 1.83

0.56 1.07 0.98 3.00 1.97

23
Table 9

AVERAGE LPR100 FDR ALL SKIES

CONFIGURATION VALUE (SORTED BY LPR100A)

CRFA TBRA UDR50A UDR100A LPR50A LPR100A

LOWER BARRIER 0.99 0.96 0.36 0. 88 1.06 0.91

LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00 0.91 0.86 0.83 1.12 0.94

BLINDS, LOWER BARRIER 0.99 0.62 0.86 0.83 1.12 0.97

ALL BARRIERS 0.99 0.74 0.96 0.95 1.00 1.00

BARE WINDOW 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

LO. LIT. SHELF, ALL BARRIERS 1.00 0.6S 0.93 0.93 1.06 1.00

LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.00 0.94 0.96 0.98 1.00 1.00

BLINDS, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.00 0. 65 0.96 0.95 1.12 1.03

UPPER BARRIER 1.01 0. 66 0.82 0.30 1.18 1.03

BLINDS 1.00 0.67 0.96 0.98 1. 12 1.06

BLINDS, ALL BARRIERS 1.00 0.62 0.93 0.93 1.12 1.06

UP. & LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BAR 1.00 0.80 0.89 0.88 1. 12 1.06

UP. & LO. LIT. SHELF, UP. BAR 1.01 0.64 0.82 0.80 1.24 1.06

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00 0.82 0.79 0.78 1.24 1.06

BLINDS, UPPER BARRIER 1.01 0.56 0.79 0.78 1.24 1.09

UP. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00 0.88 0.93 0.93 1.1S 1.09

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00 0.86 0.93 0.90 1.24 1.11

BLINDS, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01 0.54 0.89 0.85 1.41 1.23

NORTH BARE WINDOW 0.99 0.78 1.39 1.30 2.00 1.54

SHADES, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.98 0.48 0.86 0.80 2.12 1.57

NORTH WIN. , BLINDS 1.00 0.73 1.32 1.25 2.18 1.63

NORTH WIN. , LO. LIT. SHELF 1.01 0.71 1.32 1.23 2. IS 1.63

SHADES, LOWER BARRIER 0.99 0.35 0.75 0.68 2.24 1.63

SHADES, UPPER BARRIER 0.99 0.31 0.68 0.60 2.47 1.74

SHADES 0.99 0.49 0.86 0.80 2.53 1.77

SHADES,. ALL BARRIERS 0.99 0.41 0.79 0.73 2.59 1.80

SHADES, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00 0.40 0.79 0.73 2.71 1.83

NORTH WIN. , SHADES 0.99 0.56 1.07 0.98 3.00 1.97

24
Table 10

AVERAGE CRF FOR CLEAR SKIES

CONFIGURATION VALUE (SORTED BY CRFA)

CRFA

BLINDS, UPPER BARRIER 1.02

UP. & LO. LIT. SHELF, UP. BAR 1.02

UPPER BARRIER 1.02

BLINDS, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

ALL BARRIERS 1.00

BARE WINDOW 1.00

BLINDS 1.00

BLINDS, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

BLINDS, LOWER BARRIER 1.00

BLINDS, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

LO. LIT. SHELF, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

LOWER BARRIER 1.00

i LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

I NORTH WIN., LO. LIT. SHELF 1.00

I UP. & LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BAR 1.00

I UP. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

|l UPPER LIGHT SI-ELF 1.00

I NORTH BARE WINDOW 0.99

l NORTH WIN., BLINDS 0.99

NORTH WIN., SHADES 0.98

I SHADES 0.98

I SHADES, ALL BARRIERS 0.98

I SHADES, LOWER BARRIER 0.98

SHADES, UPPER BARRIER 0.98

SHADES, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 0.98

I SHADES, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.97

TDRA UDR50A UDR 100A LPR50A LPR 100A

3.74 1.37 1.14 0.80 8 . 84

0.85 1.37 1.19 0.73 0.77

0.94 1.07 1.19 0.60 0.74

0.44 0.87 0.36 1.78 1.26

1.13 1.07 1.19 0.60 0.74

0.79 1.00 1.10 0.80 0.84

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

0.53 0.93 0.95 1.30 1 . 1 ©

0.61 1.00 1.05 1.00 0.97

0.84 1.07 1.19 0.60 0.65

0.53 0.93 0.95 1.50 1.13

0.71 1.00 1.10 0 . 9© 0.90

1.24 1.07 1.24 0.60 0.65

1.34 1.13 1.29 0.50 a. 55

0.94 8.93 1.00 1.20 1.03

0.69 1.67 1.62 3.70 1.77

0.82 0.93 0.95 1.30 1.06

0.90 0.93 0.95 1 . 2© 1.06

0. 89 0.93 0.95 1.30 1.10

0.77 1.80 1.71 3.30 1.71

0.69 1.67 1.62 3.60 1.77

0.29 1.07 0.86 5.70 2.39

0. 18 0.53 0.48 4.30 2.03

0. 18 0.53 0.48 4.30 2.03

0.26 0.67 0.67 3. 10 1.65

0.23 0.60 0.57 3.70 1.84

0. 16 0.53 0.43 4.50 2.06

0.19 0.53 0.52 3.90 1.87

25

)
Table 11

AVERAGE TDR FOR CLEAR SKIES

CONFIGURATION VALUE t SORTED BY TDRA)

CRFA

LOWER BARRIER 1.00

LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

BARE WINDOW 1.00

LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

UPPER BARRIER 1.02

UP. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

UP. & LO. LIT. SHELF, UP. BAR 1.02

BLINDS, LOWER BARRIER 1.00

UP. fc LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BAR 1.00

ALL BARRIERS 1.00

NORTH BARE WINDOW ' 0.99

BLINDS, UPPER BARRIER 1.02

LO. LIT. SHELF, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

NORTH WIN., BLINDS 0.99

NORTH WIN., LO. LIT. SHELF 1.00

BLINDS, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

BLINDS 1.00

BLINDS, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

BLINDS, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

NORTH WIN., SHADES 0.98

SHADES, LOWER BARRIER 0.98

SHADES, UPPER BARRIER 0.98

SHADES, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.97

SHADES 0. 98

SHADES, ALL BARRIERS 0.98

SHADES, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 0.98

TDRA UDR50A UDR100A LPR50A LPR100A

1.34 1. 13 1.29 0.50 0.55

1.24 1.07 1.24 0.60 0.65

1.13 1.87 1.19 0.60 0.74

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

0.94 0.93 1.00 1.20 1.03

0.94 1.07 1.19 0.60 0.74

0.90 0.93 0.95 1.20 1.06

0.89 0.93 0.95 1.30 1.10

0. 85 1.07 1. 19 0.70 0.77

0.84 1.07 1.19 0.68 0.65

0.82 0.93 0.95 1.30 1.06

0.79 1.00 1.18 0.80 0.84

0.77 1.80 1.71 3.30 1.71

0.74 1.07 1.14 0.80 0.84

0.71 1.00 1. 10 0.90 0.90

0.69 1.67 1.62 3.60 1.77

0.69 1.67 1.62 3.70 1.77

0.61 1.00 1.05 1.00 0.97

0.53 0.93 0.95 1.30 1.10

0.53 0.93 0.95 1.50 1.13

0.44 0.87 0.86 1.70 1.26

0.29 1.07 0.86 5.70 2.39

0.26 0.67 0.67 3. 10 1.65

0.23 0.60 0. 57 3.70 1.84

0. 19 0.53 0.52 3.90 1.87

0. 18 0.53 0.48 4.30 2.03

0. 18 0.53 0.48 4.30 2.03

0. 16 0.53 0.43 4.50 2.06

26
Table 12

AVERAGE UDR50 FOR CLEAR SKIES

CONFIGURATION VALUE (SORTED BY UDR50A)

CRFA

NORTH BARE WINDOW 0.99

NORTH WIN., BLINDS 0.99

NORTH WIN., LO. LIT. SHELF 1.00

LOWER BARRIER 1.00

BLINDS, LOWER BARRIER 1.00

BLINDS, UPPER BARRIER 1.02

LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

NORTH WIN., SHADES 0.98

UP. it LO. LIT. SHELF, UP. BAR 1.02

UPPER BARRIER 1.02

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

-ALL BARRIERS 1.00

BARE WINDOW 1.00

BLINDS, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

LO. LIT. SHELF, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

BLINDS 1.00

I BLINDS, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

,1 LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

I UP. it LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BAR 1.00

UP. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

l! BLINDS, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

SHADES, LOWER BARRIER 0.98

SHADES, UPPER BARRIER 0.98

SHADES 0. 98

SHADES, ALL BARRIERS 0.98

SHADES, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.97

SHADES, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 0.98

TDRA UDR50A UDR100A LPRSBA LPR100A

0.77 1.80 1.71 3V30 1.71

0.69 1.67 1.62 3.60 1.77

0.69 1.67 1.62 3.70 1.77

1.34 1.13 1.29 0.50 0.55

0.84 1.07 1.19 0.60 0.65

0.74 1.07 1.14 0.80 0.84

1.24 1.07 1.24 0.60 0.65

0.29 1.07 0.86 5.70 2.39

0.85 1.07 1.19 0.70 0.77

0.94 1.07 1.19 8.60 0.74

1.13 1.07 1.19 8.60 0.74

0.79 1.00 1.10 0.80 0.84

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

0.61 1.00 1.05 1.00 0.97

0.71 1.00 1.10 0.90 0.90

0.53 0.93 0.95 1.30 1.18

0.53 0.93 0.95 1.50 1.13

0.94 0.93 1.00 1.20 1.03

0.82 0.93 0.95 1.30 1.06

0.90 0.93 0.95 1.20 1.06

0.89 0.93 0.95 1.30 1.10

0.44 0.87 8.86 1.70 1.26

0.26 0.67 0.67 3. 10 1.65

0.23 0.60 8.57 3.70 1.84

0. 18 0.53 0.48 4.30 2.03

0. 18 0.53 0.48 4.30 2.03

0. 19 8.53 0.52 3.90 1.87

a. 16 0.53 0.43 4.50 2.06

27

r
Table 13

AVERAGE UDR100 FOR CLEAR SKIES

CONFIGURATION VALUE t SORTED BY UBR100A)

CRFA

NORTH BARE WINDOW 0.99

NORTH WIN., BLINDS 0.99

NORTH WIN., LO. LIT. SHELF 1.00

LOWER BARRIER 1.00

LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

BLINDS, LOWER BARRIER 1.00

UP. & LO. LIT. SHELF, UP. BAR 1.02

UPPER BARRIER 1.02

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

BLINDS, UPPER BARRIER 1.02

ALL BARRIERS 1.00

LO. LIT. SHELF, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

BLINDS, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

BARE WINDOW 1.00

LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

BLINDS 1.00

BLINDS, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

UP. 8c LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BAR 1.00

UP. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

BLINDS, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

NORTH WIN., SHADES 0.9S

SHADES, LOWER BARRIER 0.98

SHADES, UPPER BARRIER 0.9B

SHADES, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.97

SHADES 0.90

SHADES, ALL BARRIERS 0.98

SHADES, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 0.90

TDRA UDR50A UDR100A LPR50A LPR100A

0.77 1.80 1.71 3.30 1.71

0.69 1.67 1.62 3.60 1.77

0.69 1.67 1.62 3.70 1.77

1.34 1.13 1.29 0.50 0.55

1.24 1.07 1.24 0.60 0.65

0.04 1.07 1.19 0.60 0.65

0.05 1.07 1.19 0.70 0.77

0.94 1.07 1.19 0.60 0.74

1.13 1.37 1. 19 0.60 0.74

0.74 1.07 1. 14 0.80 0.84

0.79 1.00 1.10 0.80 0.84

0.71 1.00 1.10 0.90 0.90

0.61 1.00 1.05 1.00 0.97

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

0.94 0.93 1.00 1.20 1.03

0.53 0.93 0.95 1.30 1.10

0.53 0.93 0.95 1.50 1.13

0.82 0.93 0.95 1.30 1.06

0.90 0.93 0.95 1.20 1.06

0.89 0.93 0.95 1.30 1.20

0.44 0.87 0.86 1.70 1.26

0.29 1.07 0.86 5.70 2.39

0.26 0.67 0.67 3. 10 1.65

0.23 0.60 0.57 3.70 1.84

0. 19 0.53 0.52 3.90 1.87

0. 18 0.53 0.48 4.30 2.03

0. 18 0.53 0.48 4.30 2.03

0. 16 0.53 0.43 4.50 2.06

28
Table 14

AVERAGE LPR50 FOR CLEAR SKIES

CONFIGURATION VALUE C SORTED BY LPR50A)

CRFA TDRA UDR50A UDR100A LPR60A LPR100A

LOWER BARRIER 1.00 1.34 1.13 1.29 9.*50 0.55

BLINDS, LOWER BARRIER 1.00 0. 84 1.07 1.19 0.60 0.63

LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00 1.24 1.07 1.24 0.60 0.65

UPPER BARRIER 1.02 0.94 1.07 1.19 0.60 0.74

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01 1.13 1.07 1.19 8.60 8.74

UP. 1 LO. LIT. SHELF, UP. BAR 1.02 0.85 1.87 1.19 0.70 0.77

ALL BARRIERS 1.00 8.79 1.00 1.10 8.80 8.84

BLINDS, UPPER BARRIER 1.02 0.74 1.07 1.14 0.80 0.84

LO. LIT. SHELF, ALL BARRIERS 1.00 0.71 1.00 1.10 0.90 0.98

BARE WINDOW 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

BLINDS, ALL BARRIERS 1.00 0.61 1.00 1.05 1.00 0.97

LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.00 0.94 8.93 1.00 1.20 1.03

UP. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00 • 8.90 0.93 8.95 1.20 1.06

BLINDS 1.00 0.53 0.93 8.95 1.30 1.10

UP. It LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BAR 1.00 8.82 0.93 0.95 1.30 1.06

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00 0.99 0.93 0.95 1.30 1.10

BLINDS, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.00 0.53 0.93 0.95 1.50 1.13

BLINDS, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01 0.44 0.87 0. 86 1.70 1.26

SHADES, LOWER BARRIER 0.98 0.26 0.67 0.67 3.10 1.65

NORTH BARE WINDOW 0.99 0.77 1.80 1.71 3.30 1.71

NORTH WIN., BLINDS 0.99 0.69 1.67 1.62 3.60 1.77

NORTH WIN. , LO. LIT. SHELF 1.00 8.69 1.67 1.62 3.70 1.77

SHADES, UPPER BARRIER 8.98 0.23 0.60 0.57 3.70 1.84

SHADES, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.97 0. 19 0.53 0.52 3.90 1.87

SHADES 0.98 8. 18 0.53 9.48 4.30 2.03

SHADES, ALL BARRIERS 0.98 0. 18 0.53 0.48 4.30 2.03

SHADES, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 0.98 0. 16 0.53 0.43 4.50 2.36

NORTH WIN. , SHADES 0.98 0.29 1.07 0.86 5.70 2.39

29
Table 15

AVERAGE LPR100 FOR CLEAR SKIES

CONFIGURATION VALUE

CRFA

LOWER BARRIER 1.00

BLINDS, LOWER BARRIER 1.00

LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

UPPER BARRIER 1.02

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

UP. & LO. LIT. SHELF, UP. BAR 1.02

ALL BARRIERS 1.00

BLINDS, UPPER BARRIER 1.02

LO. LIT. SHELF, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

BLINDS, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

©ARE WINDOW 1.00

LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

UP. '& LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BAR 1.00

UP. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER *' 1.00

BLINDS 1.00

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

BLINDS, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

BLINDS, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

SHADES, LOWER BARRIER 0.98

NORTH BARE WINDOW- 0.99

NORTH WIN., BLINDS 0.99

WORTH WIN., LO. LIT. SHELF 1.00

SHADES, UPPER BARRIER 0.98

SHADES, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.97

SHADES 0.98

SHADES, ALL BARRIERS 0.98

SHADES, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 0.9S

NORTH WIN., SHADES 0.98

(SORTED BY LPR100A)

TDRA UDR50A UDR100A LPR50A LPR100A

1.34 1.13 1.29 0.50 0.55

0.84 1.07 1.19 0.60 0.65

1.24 1.07 1.24 0.60 0.65

0.94 1.07 1.19 0.60 0.74

1.13 1.07 1.19 0.60 0.74

0.85 1.07 1. 19 0.70 0.77

0.79 1.00 1.10 0.80 0.84

0.74 1.07 1.14 0.80 0.84

0.71 1.00 1.10 0.90 0.90

0.61 1.00 1.05 1.00 0.97

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

0.94 0.93 1.00 1.20 1.03

0.82 0.93 0.95 1.30 1.06

0.90 0.93 0.95 1.20 1.06

0.53 0.93 0.95 1.30 1.10

0.89 0.93 0.95 1.30 1.10

0.53 0.93 0.95 1.50 1.13

0.44 0.87 0.86 1.70 1.26

0.26 0.67 0.67 3. 10 1.65

0.77 1.30 1.71 3.30 1.71

0.69 1.67 1.62 3.60 1.77

0.69 1.67 1.62 3.70 1.77

0.23 0.60 0.57 3.70 1.84

0. 19 0.53 0.52 3.90 1.87

0. 18 0.53 0.48 4.30 2.03

0. 18 0.53 0.48 4.30 2.03

0. 16 0. 53 0.43 4.50 2.06

0.29 1.07 0.86 5.70 2.39

30
Table 16

AVERAGE CRF FOR PARTLY CLOUDY SKIES

CONFIGURATION VALUE (SORTED BY CRF

) CRFA TDRA UDR50A UDR 100A LPR50A LPR 100A

BLINDS, UPPER BARRIER 1.82 0.30 1.89 1.06 0.63 0.33

UP. Sr LO. LIT. SHELF, UP . BAR 1.02 0.63 1.89 1.11 @.63 0.78

UPPER BARRIER 1.02 0.71 1.09 1.11 0.50 0.74

8 BLINDS, LOWER BARRIER 1.01 0.32 1.09 1.11 0.38 0.74

BLINDS, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01 0.34 0.91 0.99 1.38 1.30

LOWER BARRIER 1.01 1.16 1.09 1.11 0.25 0.65

NORTH BARE WINDOW 1.01 0.51 2.91 2.28 4.50 2.52

| NORTH WIN. , BLINDS 1.01 0.47 2.73 2.11 5.00 2.65

NORTH WIN. , LO. LIT. SHELF 1.01 0.48 2.82 2.22 4.75 2.61

NORTH WIN. , SHADES 1.01 0.21 1.45 1.00 S. 13 3.52

li SHADES 1.01 0.87 8.45 0.33 6.63 3.89

I SHADES, ALL BARRIERS 1.01 0.07 8.45 8.33 6.38 3.00

S SHADES, LOWER BARRIER 1.01 0 . 12 0.64 8.50 4.50 2.48

SHADES, UPPER BARRIER 1.01 0 . 10 8.64 8.44 5 . 13 2.65

SHADES, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01 0.87 0.45 ©.33 6.33 3 . 13

jl UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01 1.03 1.89 1.06 8.50 8 . S3

« ALL BARRIERS 1.00 8.62 1.00 1.06 0.75 0.87

! BARE WINDOW 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

BLINDS 1.00 0.38 1.30 1.00 1.25 1.89

i BLINDS, ALL BARRIERS 1.00 0.42 1.00 1.00 1.00 8.96

LO. LIT. SHELF, ALL BARRIERS 1.00 8.53 1.00 1.06 1.00 0.91

LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00 1.12 1.09 1.17 8. 13 0.57

UP. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00 0.92 1.00 0.94 1.38 1.13

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00 0.92 1.00 0.94 1.38 1.13

BLINDS, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.98 0.44 1.09 1.11 8.38 8.78

LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.98 0.98 1.09 1.11 8.38 8.74

UP. I> LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BAR 0.98 0.90 4.64 3.72 5.00 2.57

SHADES, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.96 0.14 0.73 8.61 4.88 2.52

31
Table 17

AVERAGE TDR FDR PARTLY CLOUDY SKIES

CONFIGURATION VALUE (SORTED BY TDRA)

CRFA

LOWER BARRIER 1.01

LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

BARE WINDOW 1.00

LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.9Q

UP. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

UP. & LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BAR 0.9B

UPPER BARRIER 1.02

UP. & LO. LIT. SHELF, UP. BAR 1.02

ALL BARRIERS 1.00

LO. LIT. SHELF, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

BLINDS, LOWER BARRIER 1.01

NORTH BARE WINDOW 1.01

BLINDS, UPPER BARRIER 1.02

NORTH WIN., LO. LIT. SHELF 1.01

NORTH WIN., BLINDS 1.01

BLINDS, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.98

BLINDS, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

BLINDS 1.00

BLINDS, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

NORTH WIN., SHADES 1.01

SHADES, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.96

SHADES, LOWER BARRIER 1.01

SHADES, UPPER BARRIER 1.01

SHADES 1.01

SHADES, ALL BARRIERS 1.01

SHADES, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

TDRA UDR50A UDR100A LPR50A LPR100A

1.16 1.09 1.11 0.-25 0.65

1.12 1.09 1.17 0. 13 0.57

1.03 1.09 1.06 0.50 0.83

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

0.98 1.09 1.11 0.38 0.74

0.92 1.00 0.94 1.38 1.13

8.92 1 . 00 0.94 1.38 1.13

0.90 4.64 3.72 5.00 2.57

0.71 1.09 1.11 0.50 0.74

0.63 1.09 1.11 0.63 0.78

0.62 1.00 1.86 0.75 0.87

0.53 1.00 1.86 1.00 0.91

0.52 1.09 1.11 0.38 0.74

0.51 2.91 2.28 4.50 2.52

0.50 1.09 1.86 0.63 0.83

0.48 2.82 2.22 4.75 2.61

0.47 2.73 2.11 5.00 2.65

0.44 1.09 1.11 0.38 0.78

0.42 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.96

0.38 1.00 1.00 1.25 1.09

0.34 0.91 0.89 1.88 1.30

0.21 1.45 1.00 8. 13 3.52

0. 14 0.73 0.61 4. 98 2.52

0. 12 0.64 0.50 4.50 2.48

0. 10 0.64 0.44 5.13 2.65

0.07 0.45 0.33 6.63 3.09

0.07 0.45 0.33 6.38 3.00

0.07 0.45 0.33 6.88 3. 13

32
Table 18

AVERAGE UDR50 FOR PARTLY CLOUDY SKIES

CONFIGURATION VALUE (SORTED BY UDR50A)

CRFA

UP. & LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BAR 0.98

NORTH BARE WINDOW 1.01

NCRTH WIN., LO. LIT. SHELF 1.01

NORTH WIN., BLINDS 1.01

NORTH WIN., SHADES 1.01

BLINDS, LOWER BARRIER 1.01

BLINDS, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.96

BLINDS, UPPER BARRIER 1.02

LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

LOWER BARRIER 1.01

LOWER LIGHT SJ-ELF 0.90

UP. & LO. LIT. SHELF, UP. BAR 1.02

UPPER BARRIER 1.02

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

ALL BARRIERS 1.00

BARE WINDOW 1.00

BLINDS 1.00

BLINDS, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

LO. LIT. SHELF, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

UP. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

BLINDS, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

SHADES, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.96

SHADES, LOWER BARRIER 1.01

I SHADES, UPPER BARRIER 1.01

SHADES 1.01

SHADES, ALL BARRIERS 1.01

SHADES, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

TDRA UDR50A UDR100A LPR30A LPR100A

0.90 4.64 3.72 5.’80 2.57

0.51 2.91 2. 28 4.50 2.52

0.48 2. 82 2.22 4.75 2.61

0.47 2.73 2.11 5.00 2.65

0.21 1.45 1.00 8. 13 3.52

0.52 1.09 1.11 0.38 0.74

0.44 1.09 1.11 0.38 0.78

0.50 1.09 1.06 0.63 8.83

1.12 1.09 1.17 0.13 0.57

1.16 1.09 1.11 0.25 0.65

0.98 1.09 1.11 0.38 0.74

0.63 1.09 1.11 0.63 0.78

0.71 1.09 1.11 0.50 0.74

1.03 1.09 1.06 8.50 8.83

0.62 1.00 1.06 0.75 0.87

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

0.38 1.00 1.00 1.25 1.09

0.42 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.96

0.53 1.00 1.06 1.00 0.91

0.92 1.00 0.94 1.38 1.13

0.92 1.00 0.94 1.38 1.13

0.34 0.91 0.99 1.88 1.30

0. 14 0.73 0.61 4.38 2.52

0. 12 0.64 0.50 4.50 2.48

0. 10 0.64 0.44 5. 13 2.65

0.07 0.45 0.33 6.63 3.09

0.07 0.45 0.33 6.38 3.80

0.07 0.45 0.33 6.88 3.13
Table 19

AVERAGE UDR100 FOR PARTLY CLOUDY SKIES

CONFIGURATION VALUE < SORTED BY UDR100A)

CRFA

UP. & LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BAR 0.9B

NORTH BARE WINDOW 1.01

NORTH WIN., LO. LIT. SHELF 1.01

NORTH WIN., BLINDS 1.01

LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

BLINDS, LOWER BARRIER 1.01

BLINDS, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.98

LOWER BARRIER 1.01

LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.98

UP. & LO. LIT. SHELF, UP. BAR 1.02

UPPER BARRIER 1.02

ALL BARRIERS 1.00

BLINDS, UPPER BARRIER 1.02

LO. LIT. SHELF, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

BARE WINDOW 1.00

BLINDS 1.00

BLINDS, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

NORTH WIN., SHADES 1.01

UP. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

BLINDS, UPPER LI6HT SHELF 1.01

SHADE5, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.96

SHADES, LOWER BARRIER 1.01

SHADES, UPPER BARRIER 1.01

SHADES 1.01

SHADES, ALL BARRIERS 1.01

SHADES, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

TDRA UDR50A UDR100A LPR50A LPR100A

0.90 4.64 3.72 5.00 2.57

0.51 2.91 2.28 4.50 2.52

0.48 2.82 2.22 4.75 2.61

0.47 2.73 2.11 5.00 2.65

1.12 1.09 1.17 0. 13 0.57

0.52 1.09 1.11 0.38 0.74

0.44 1.09 1.11 0.38 0.78

1.16 1.09 1.11 0.25 0.65

0.98 1.09 1.11 0.38 0.74

0.63 1.09 1.11 0.63 0.78

0.71 1.09 1.11 0.50 0.74

0.62 1.00 1.06 0.75 0.87

0.50 1.09 1.06 0.63 0.83

0.53 1.00 1.06 1.00 0.-91

1.03 1.09 1.06 0.50 0. 33

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

0.38 1.00 1.00 1.25 1.09

0.42 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.96

0.21 1.45 1.00 8. 13 3.52

0.92 1.00 0.94 1.38 1.13

0.92 1.00 0.94 1.36 1.13

0.34 0.91 0.89 1.68 1.30

0. 14 0.73 0.61 4.88 2.52

0. 12 0.64 0.50 4.50 2.48

0. 10 0.64 0.44 5.13 2.65

0.07 0.45 0.33 6.63 3.09

0.07 0.45 0.33 6.38 3.00

0.07 0.45 0.33 6.88 3. 13

34

f
Table 20

AVERAGE LPR50 FOR PARTLY CLOUDY SKIES

CONFIGURATION VALUE (SORTED BY LPR50)

CRFA

LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

LOWER BARRIER 1.01

BLINDS, LOWER BARRIER 1.01

BLINDS, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.9B

LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.90

UPPER BARR I ER 1.02

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

BLINDS, UPPER BARRIER 1.02

UP. & LO. LIT. SHELF, UP. BAR 1.02

ALL BARRIERS 1.00

BARE WINDOW 1.00

BLINDS, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

LO. LIT. SHELF, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

BLINDS 1.00

UP. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

BLINDS, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

NORTH BARE WINDOW 1.01

SHADES, LOWER BARRIER 1.01

NORTH WIN., LO. LIT. SHELF 1.01

SHADES, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.96

NORTH WIN., BLINDS 1.01

UP. Sc LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BAR 0.98

SHADES, UPPER BARRIER 1.01

SHADES, ALL BARRIERS 1.01

I! SHADES 1.01

SHADES, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

I NORTH WIN., SHADES 1.01

TDRA UDR50A UDR100A LPR50A LPR100A

1.12 1.09 1.17 0.13 0.57

1.16 1.09 1.11 0.25 0.65

0.52 1.09 1.11 0.38 0.74

0.44 1.09 1. 11 0.38 0.78

0.98 1.09 1.11 0.38 0.74

0.71 1.09 1.11 0.50 0.74

1.03 1.09 1.06 0.50 0.83

0.50 1.09 1.06 0.63 0.83

0.63 1.09 1.11 0.63 0.78

0.62 1.00 1.06 0.75 0.87

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

0.42 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.96

0.53 1.00 1.06 1.00 0.91

0.38 1.00 1.00 1.25 1.09

0.92 1.00 0.94 1.38 1.13

0.92 1.00 0.94 1.38 1.13

0.34 0.91 0.89 1.88 1.30

0.51 2.91 2.28 4.50 2.52

0. 12 0.64 0.50 4.50 2.43

0.48 2.82 2.22 4.75 2.61

0. 14 0.73 0.61 4.88 2.52

0.47 2.73 2.11 5.00 2.65

0.90 4.64 3.72 5.00 2.57

0. 10 0.64 0.44 5. 13 2.65

0.07 0.45 0.33 6.38 3.00

0.07 0.45 0. 33 6.63 3.09

0.07 0.45 0.33 6.88 3. 13

0.21 1.45 1.00 8.13 3.52

35
Table 21

AVERAGE LPR100 FOR PARTLY CLOUDY SKIES

CONFIGURATION VALUE (SORTED BY LPR100)

CRFA

LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

LOWER BARRIER 1.01

BLINDS, LOWER BARRIER 1.01

LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.98

UPPER BARRIER 1.02

BLINDS, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.98

UP. & LO. LIT. SHELF, UP. BAR 1.02

BLINDS, UPPER BARRIER 1.02

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

ALL BARRIERS 1.00

LO. LIT. SHELF, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

BLINDS, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

BARE WINDOW 1.00

BLINDS 1.00

UP. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

BLINDS, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

SHADES, LOWER BARRIER 1.01

NORTH BARE WINDOW 1.01

SHADES, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.96

UP. Sc LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BAR 0.98

NORTH WIN., LO. LIT. SHELF 1.01

NORTH WIN., BLINDS 1.01

SHADES, UPPER BARRIER 1.01

SHADES, ALL BARRIERS 1.01

SHADES 1.01

SHADES, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

NORTH WIN., SHADES 1.01

TDRA UDR50A UDR100A LPR60A LPR100A

1.12 1.09 1.17 0.13 0.57

1.16 1.09 1.11 0.25 0.65

0.52 1.09 1.11 0.38 0.74

0.98 1.09 1.11 0.38 0.74

0.71 1.09 1.11 0.50 0.74

0.44 1.09 1.11 0.3B 0.78

0.63 1.09 1.11 0.63 0.78

0.50 1.09 1.06 0.63 0.83

1.03 1.09 1.06 0.50 0.83

0.62 1.00 1.06 0.75 0.87

0.53 1.00 1.06 1.00 0.91

0.42 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.96

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

0.38 1.00 1.00 1.25 1.09

0.92 1.00 0.94 1.38 1.13

0.92 1.00 0.94 1.38 1.13

0.34 0.91 0.89 1.88 1.30

0. 12 0.64 0.50 4.50 2.48

0.51 2.91 2.28 4.50 2.52

0. 14 0.73 0.61 4.88 2.52

0.90 4.64 3.72 5.00 2.57

0.48 2.82 2.22 4.75 2.61

0.47 2.73 2.11 5.00 2.65

0. 10 0.64 0.44 5. 13 2.65

0.07 0.45 0.33 6.38 3.00

0.07 0.45 0.33 6.63 3.09

0.07 0.45 0.33 6.88 3. 13

0.21 1.45 1.00 8. 13 3.52

*

36
Table 22

AVERAGE CRF FOB OVERCAST SKIES

CONFIGURATION VALUE {SORTED BY CEJA)

GRFA

BLINDS, LONER LIGHT SHELF 1.02

BLINDS, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.02

LONER LIGHT SHELF 1.02

NORTH WIN., LO. LIT. SHELF 1.02

UP. & LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BAR 1.02

SHADES, LONER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

SHADES, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

OFFER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

ALL BARRIERS 1.00

! BARS WINDOW 1.00

I BLINDS 1.00

i BLINDS, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

BLINDS, UPPER BARRIER 1.00

LO. LIT. SHELF, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

|! NORTH BARS WINDOW 1.00

NORTH WIN., BLINDS 1.00

I NORTH WIN. , SHADES 1.00

SHADES 1.00

E SHADES, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

! SHADES, UPPER BARRIER 1.00

OP. A LO. LIT. SHELF, OP. BAR 1.00

OP. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

OPPER BARRIER 1.00

OPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

BLINDS, LOWER BARRIER 0.99

I LOWER BARRIER 0.98

SHADES, LOWER BARRIER 0.98

TDRA ODR50A ODR100A LFR50A LFE100A

0.89 0.92 0.94 1.16 1.06

0.77 0.85 0.85 1.24 1.11

0.91 0.93 0.95 1.12 1.04

0.91 0.93 0.95 1.12 1.04

0.72 0.86 0.72 1.21 1.11

0.92 0.95 0.96 1.09 1.02

0.81 0.90 0.90 1.15 1.08

0.80 0.90 0.89 1.18 1.09

0.81 0.90 0.90 1.18 1.08

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

0.97 0.97 0.99 1.06 1.02

0.79 0.88 0.89 1.21 1.09

0.50 0.68 0.65 1.58 1.28

0.79 0.88 0.89 1.18 1.08

0.53 0.71 0.67 1.48 1.25

0.99 0.98 1.00 1.00 1.00

0.97 0.97 0.97 1.06 1.02

1.01 1.00 1.01 1.00 0.98

1.01 1.00 1.01 0.97 0.93

0.82 0.90 0.91 1.15 1.06

0.52 0.71 0.66 1.52 1.26

0.50 0.69 0.65 1.55 1.28

0.84 0.92 0.92 1.12 1.06

0.52 0.69 0.66 1.52 1.26

0.47 0.66 0.61 1.58 1.30

0.56 0.73 0.70 1.45 1.23

0.58 0.75 0.72 1.42 1.23

0.59 0.78 0.72 1.39 1.21
Table 23

AVERAGE TDR FOR OVERCAST SKIES

CONFIGURATION VALUE (SORTED BY TDRA)

CRFA

NORTH WIN. , SHADES 1.00

SHADES 1.00

BASE WINDOW 1.00

NORTH BARE WINDOW 1.00

BLINDS 1.00

NORTH WIN., BLINDS 1.00

SHADES, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.02

NORTH WIN., LO. LIT. SHELF 1.02

BLINDS, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.02

DP. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

SHADES, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

ALL BARRIERS 1.00

SHADES, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

BLINDS, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

LO. LIT. SHELF, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

BLINDS, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.02

UP. & LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BAR 1.02

SHADES, LOWER BARRIER 0.98

LOWER BARRIER 0.98

BLINDS, LOWER BARRIER 0.99

LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

SHADES, UPPER BARRIER 1.00

UPPER BARRIER 1.00

BLINDS, UPPER BARRIER 1.00

UP. & LO. LIT. SHELF, UP. BAR 1.00

OFFER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

Tim UDR50A UBR100A LPR&0A LFR100A

1.01 1.00 1.01 1.00 0.98

1.01 1.00 1.01 0.97 0.98

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

0.99 0.98 1.00 1.00 1.00

0.97 0.97 0.99 1.06 1.02

0.97 0.97 0.97 1.06 1.02

0.92 0.95 0.96 1.09 1.02

0.91 0.93 0.95 1.12 1.04

0.91 0.93 0.95 1.12 1.04

0.89 0.92 0.94 1.15 1.06

0.34 0.92 0.92 1.12 1.06

0.82 0.90 0.91 1.15 1.06

0.81 0.90 0.90 1.18 1.08

0.31 0.90 0.90 1.15 1.08

0.80 0.90 0.89 1.18 1.09

0.79 0.88 0.89 1.21 1.09

0.79 0.88 0.89 1.18 1.08

0.77 0.85 0.85 1.24 1.11

0.72 0.86 0.72 1.21 1.11

0.59 0.76 0.72 1.39 1.21

0.58 0.75 0.72 1.42 1.23

0.56 0.73 0.70 1.45 1.23

0.53 0.71 0.67 1.48 1.25

0.52 0.71 0.66 1.52 1.26

0.52 0.69 0.66 1.52 1.26

0.50 0.68 0.65 1.58 1.28

0.50 0.69 0.65 1.55 1.28

0.47 0.66 0.61 1.58 1.30

38
Table 24

AVERAGE UDR50 FOB OVERCAST SKIES

CONFIGURATION VALUE (SORTED B7 UDR50)

CRFA TDRA UDR50A UDR100A LPR50A LFR100A

BARE WINDOW 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

NORTH WIN. , SHADES 1.00 1.01 1.00 1.01 1.00 0.98

SHADES 1.00 1.01 1.00 1.01 0.97 0.93

NORTH BARE WINDOW 1.00 0.99 0.98 1.00 1.00 1.00

BLINDS 1.00 0.97 0.97 0.99 1.06 1.02

NORTH WIN. , BLINDS 1.00 0.97 0.97 0.97 1.06 1.02

SHADES, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.01 0.92 0.95 0.96 1.09 1.02

LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.02 0.91 0.93 0.95 1.12 1.04

NORTH WIN. , LO. LIT. SHELF 1.02 0.91 0.93 0.95 1.12 1.04

BLINDS, LOWER LIOTT SHELF 1.02 0.89 0.92 0.94 1.15 1.06

UP. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00 0.84 0.92 0.92 1.12 1.06

ALL BARRIERS 1.00 0.81 0.90 0.90 1.18 1.08

SHADES, ALL BARRIERS 1.00 0.82 0.90 0.91 1.15 1.06

SHADES, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01 0.81 0.90 0.90 1.15 1.08

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01 0.80 0.90 0.89 1.18 1.09

BLINDS, ALL BARRIERS 1.00 0.79 0.88 0.89 1.21 1.09

1 LO. LIT. SHELF, ALL BARRIERS 1.00 0.79 0.88 0.89 1.13 1.08

1 UP. 4 LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BAR 1.02 0.72 0.86 0.72 1.21 1.11

I BLINDS, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.02 0.77 0.85 0.85 1.24 1.11

1 SHADES, LOWER BARRIER 0.98 0.59 0.76 0.72 1.39 1.21

1 LOWER BARRIER 0.98 0.58 0.75 0.72 1.42 1.23

BLINDS, LOWER BARRIER 0.99 0.56 0.73 0.70 1.45 1.23

1 LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00 0.53 0.71 0.67 1.48 1.25

1 SHADES, UPPER BARRIER 1.00 0.52 0.71 0.86 1.52 1.28

UP. 4 LO. LIT. SHELF, UP. BAR 1.00 0.50 0.69 0.85 1.55 1.28

UPPER BARRIER 1.00 0.52 0.69 0.66 1.52 1.26

BLINDS, UPPER BARRIER 1.00 0.50 0.68 0.85 1.58 1.28

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00 0.47 0.66 0.81 1.58 1.30

39
Table 25

AVERAGE UBR100 TOR OVERCAST SKIES

CONFIGURATION VALUE ( SORTED BY UBR100)

CRFA

NORTH WIN. , SHADES 1.00

SHADES 1.00

BARE WINDOW 1.00

NORTH BARS WINDOW 1.00

BLINDS 1.00

NORTH WIN. , BLINDS 1.00

SHADES, LOWER LIOTT SHELF 1.01

LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.02

NORTH WIN., LO. LIT. SHELF 1.02

BLINDS, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.02

UP. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

SHADES, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

ALL BARRIERS 1.00

SHADES, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

BLINDS, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

LO. LIT. SHELF, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

BLINDS, UPPER LKEBTT SHELF 1.02

LOWER BARRIER 0.98

SHADES, LOWER BARRIER 0.98

UP. A LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BAR 1.02

BLINDS, LOWER BARRIER 0.99

LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

SHADES, UPPER BARRIER 1.00

UPPER BARRIER 1.00

BLINDS, UPPER BARRIER 1.00

UP. & LO. LIT. SHELF, UP. BAR 1.00

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

TDRA UDR50A UDR100A LFR50A LFR100A

1.01 1.00 1.01 1.00 0.98

1.01 1.00 1.01 0.97 0.98

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

0.99 0.98 1.00 1.00 1.00

0.97 0.87 0.99 1.06 1.02

0.97 0.97 0.97 1.06 1.02

0.92 0.95 0.96 1.09 1.02

0.91 0.93 0.95 1.12 1.04

0.91 0.93 0.95 1.12 1.04

0.39 0.92 0.94 1.15 1.06

0.84 0.92 0.92 1.12 1.06

0.82 0.90 0.91 1.15 1.06

0.81 0.90 0.90 1.18 1.08

0.81 0.90 0.90 1.15 1.08 - 0.79 0.88 0.89 1.21 1.09

0.79 0.88 0.89 1.18 1.08

0.80 0.90 0.89 1.18 1.09

0.77 0.85 0.85 1.24 1.11

0.58 0.75 0.72 1.42 1.23

0.59 0.76 0.72 1.39 1.21

0.72 0.86 0.72 1.21 1.11

0.56 0.73 0.70 1.45 1.23

0.53 0.71 0.87 1.48 1.25

0.52 0.71 0.36 1.52 1.26

0.52 0.69 0.66 1.52 1.26

0.50 0.88 0.65 1.58 1.28

0.50 0.69 0.85 1,55 1.28

0.47 0.66 0.61 1.58 1.30

40
Table 26

AVERAGE LFR50 FOR OVERCAST SKIES

CONFIGURATION VALUE (SORTED 3Y LFR50A)

CEFA

SHADES 1.00

BARE WINDOW 1.00

NORTH BARS WINDOW 1.00

NORTH WIN. , SHADES 1.00

BLINDS 1.00

NORTH WIN. , BLINDS 1.00

SHADES, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.02

NORTH WIN., LO. LIT. SHELF 1.02

DP. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

BLINDS, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.02

SHADES, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

SHADES, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

ALL BARRIERS 1.00

LO. LIT. SHELF, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

BLINDS, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

UP. 4 LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BAR 1.02

BLINDS, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.02

SHADES, LOWER BARRIER 0.98

LOWER BARRIER 0.98

BLINDS, LOWER BARRIER 0.99

LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

SHADES, UPPER BARRIER 1.00

UPPER BARRIER 1.00

UP. 4 LO. LIT. SHELF, UP. BAR 1.00

BLINDS, UPPER BARRIER 1.00

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

TDRA UDR50A UDR100A LFS50A LPR100A

1.01 1.00 1.01 0;97 0.98

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

0.99 0.98 1.00 2.00 2 .00

1.01 1.00 1.01 1.00 0.93

0. 97 0.97 0.99 i .®6 1.02

0.97 0.97 0,97 1.06 1.02

0.92 0.95 0.96 1.09 1.02

0.91 0.93 0.95 1.12 1.04

0.91 0.93 0.95 1.12 1.04

0.84 0.92 0.92 1.12 1.06

0.89 0.92 0.94 1.15 1.06

0.82 0.90 0.91 1.15 1.06

0.81 0.90 0.90 1.15 1.08

0.81 0.90 0.90 1.18 1.08

0.79 0.88 0.89 1.18 1.08

0.80 0.90 0.89 1.18 1.09

0.79 0.88 0.89 1.21 1.09

0.72 0.86 0.72 1.21 1.11

0.77 0.85 0.85 2.24 1.11

0.59 0.76 0.72 1.39 1.21

0.58 0.75 0.72 1.42 1.23

0.56 0.73 0.70 1.45 1.23

0.53 0.71 0.87 1.43 1.25

0.52 0.71 0.86 1.52 1.26

0.52 0.89 0.66 1.52 1.26

0.50 0.69 0.85 1.55 1.28

0.50 0.68 0.65 1.58 1.28

0.47 0.86 0.61 1.58 1.30

41
Table 27

AVERAGE LFR100 FOR OVERCAST SKIES

CONFIGURATION VALUE {SORTED BY LFR100A)

CRFA TBRA UDR50A UX2R100A LFRS0A LPR100A

NORTH WIN. , SHADES 1.00 1.01 1.00 1.01 1.-00 0.98

SHADES 1.00 1.01 1.00 1.01 0.97 0.98

BARS WINDOW 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1 .00 1.00

NORTH BARE WINDOW 1.00 0.99 0.98 1.00 1.00 1.00

BLINDS 1.00 0.97 0.97 0.99 1.06 1.02

NORTH WIN. , BLINDS 1.00 0.97 0.97 0.97 1.06 1.02

SHADES, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.01 0.92 0.95 0.96 1.09 1.02

LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.02 0.91 0.93 0.95 1.12 1.04

NORTH WIN. , LO. LIT. SHELF 1.02 0.91 0.93 0.95 1.12 1.04

BLINDS T LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.02 0.89 0.92 0.94 1.15 1.06

SHADES, ALL BARRIERS 1.00 0.82 0.90 0.91 1.15 1.06

UP. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00 0.84 0.92 0.92 1.12 1.06

ALL BARRIERS 1.00 0.81 0.90 0.90 1.18 1.08

LO. LIT. SHELF, ALL BARRIERS 1.00 0.79 0.88 0.39 1.18 1.08

SHADES, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01 0.81 0.90 0.90 1.15 1.08

BLINDS, ALL BARRIERS 1.00 0.79 0.38 0.39 1.21 1.09

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01 0.80 0.90 0.39 1.18 1.09

BLINDS, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.02 0.77 0.85 0.85 1.24 1.11

UP. & LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BAR 1.02 0.72 0.86 0.72 1.21 1.11

SHADES, LOWER BARRIER 0.63 0.59 0.76 0.72 1.39 1.21

BLINDS, LOWER BARRIER 0.99 0.58 0.73 0.70 1.45 1.23

LOWER BARRIER 0.93 0.58 0.75 0.72 1.42 1.23

LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00 0.53 0.71 0.67 1.48 1.25

SHADES, UPPER BARRIER 1.00 0.52 0.71 0.86 1.52 1.26

UPPER BARRIER 1.00 0.52 0.69 0.66 1.52 1.26

BLINDS, UPPER BARRIER 1.00 0.50 0.68 0.65 1.58 1.28

UP. A LO. LIT. SHELF, UP. BAR 1.00 0.50 0.69 0.65 1.55 1.28

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00 0.47 0.66 0.31 1.58 1.30

42
Table 28

AVERAGE CRF FOR ALL SKIES, JUNE

CONFIGURATION VALUE (SORTED BY CRFA)

GRFA

UP. & LO. LIT. SHELF, UP. BAR 1.02

BLINDS, UPPER BARRIER 1.01

1 BLINDS, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

I NORTH WIN., LO. LIT. SHELF 1.01

SHADES, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

UPPER BARRIER 1.01

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

ALL BARRIERS 1.00

I BARE WINDOW 1.00

I BLINDS 1.00

I BLINDS, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

I BLINDS, LOWER BARRIER 1.00

LO. LIT. SHELF, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

LOWER BARRIER 1.00

NORTH BARE WINDOW 1.00

NORTH WIN., BLINDS 1.00

NORTH WIN., SHADES 1.00

SHADES 1.00

I SHADES, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

SHADES, LOWER BARRIER 1.00

SHADES, UPPER BARRIER 1.00

UP. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

BLINDS, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.99

LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.99

UP. & LO. LIT. SHELF. LO. BAR 0.99

SHADES, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.98

TDRA UDR50A UDR100A LFR50A LFR100A

0.84 0.84 0.86 1.25 1.03

0.30 0.84 0.83 1.31 1.08

0.75 0.84 0.83 1.63 1.26

1.11 1.18 1.17 1.44 1.18

0.86 0.80 0.75 2.31 1.50

0.86 0.88 0.86 1.13 1.00

0.77 0.84 0.83 1.25 1.03

0.93 0.96 0.94 1.06 1.00

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

0.95 0.96 0.94 1.19 1.05

0.88 0.92 0.92 1.25 1.08

0.89 0.88 0.89 1.06 0.97

0.89 0.92 0.94 1.19 1.03

0.96 0.88 0.92 1.00 0.89

0.96 0.92 0.92 0.94 0.89

1.20 1.24 1.22 1.19 1.08

1.14 1.20 1.17 1.38 1.16

0.89 1.00 1.00 2.31 1.50

0.79 0.84 0.83 2.13 1.42

0.66 0.80 0.75 2.38 1.50

0.59 0.80 0.75 1.94 1.37

0.52 0.72 0.69 2.25 1.47

0.84 0.92 0.92 1.25 1.11

0.82 0.92 0.89 1.31 1.13

0.98 0.96 0.97 1.00 0.95

1.02 0.96 1.00 0.88 0.89

0.84 0.96 0.94 1.00 0.97

0.84 0.92 0.92 1.38 1.13

4 3

N r~
Table 29

AVERAGE TDK FOR ALL SEXES, JUNE

CONFIGURATION VALUE (SORTED W£ TBRA)

CRFA

NORTH RARE WINDOW 1.00

NORTH WIN., BLINDS 1.00

NORTH WIN., LO. LIT. SHELF 1.01

LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.99

BARE WINDOW 1.00

BLINDS, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.99

LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

LOWER BARRIER 1.00

BLINDS 1.00

ALL BARRIERS 1.00

BLINDS, LOWER BARRIER 1.00

LO. LIT. SHELF, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

NORTH WIN., SHADES 1.00

BLINDS, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

UPPER BARRIER 1.01

SHADES, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.98

UP. it LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BAR 0.99

UP. A LO. LIT. SHELF, UP. BAR 1.02

UP. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

BLINDS, UPPER BARRIER 1.01

SHADES 1.00

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

BLINDS, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

SHADES, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

SHADES. UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

SHADES, LOWER BARRIER 1.00

SHADES, UPPER BARRIER 1.00

YDRA UDR50A UDR100A LFR50A LPR100A

1.20 1.24 1.22 1.19 1.08

1.14 1.20 1.17 1.38 1.16

1.11 1.16 1.17 1.44 1.16

1.02 0.96 1.00 0.88 0.89

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

0.98 0.96 0.97 1.00 0.95 . 0.96 0.88 0.92 1.00 0.89

0.96 0.92 0.92 0.94 0.89

0.95 0.96 0.94 1.19 1.05

0.93 0.96 0.94 1.06 1.00

0.89 0.83 0.89 1.06 0.97

0.89 0.92 0.94 1.19 1.03

0.89 1.00 1.00 2.31 1.50

0.88 0.92 0.92 1.25 1.08

0.86 0.88 0.86 1.13 1.00

0.84 0.92 0.92 1.38 1.13

0.84 0.96 0.94 1.00 0.97

0.84 0.84 0.86 1.25 1.03

0.84 0.92 0.92 1.25 1.11

0.82 0.92 0.89 1.31 1.13

0.80 0.84 0.83 1.31 1.08

0.79 0.84 0.83 2.13 1.42

0.77 0.84 0.83 1.25 1.03

0.75 0.84 0.83 1.63 1.26

0.66 0.80 0.75 2.38 1.50

0.66 0.80 0.75 2.31 1.50

0.59 0.80 0.75 1.94 1.37

0.52 0.72 0.69 2.25 1.47

44

j
Table 30

AVERAGE UDR50 FOR ALL SKIES, JUNE

CONFIGURATION VALUE (SORTED BY UER50A)

GRFA

NORTH BARE WINDOW 1.00

NORTH WIN., BLINDS 1.00

NORTH WIN., LO. LIT. SHELF 1.01

BAKE WINDOW 1.00

NORTH WIN., SHADES 1.00

ALL BARRIERS 1.00

BLINDS 1.00

BLINDS, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.99

LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.99

UP. & LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BAR 0.99

BLINDS, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

LO. LIT. SHELF, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

LOWER BARRIER ' 1.00

SHADES, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.98

UP. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

BLINDS, LOWER BARRIER 1.00

LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

UPPER BARRIER 1.01

BLINDS, UPPER BARRIER 1.01

BLINDS, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

SHADES 1.00

UP. k LO. LIT. SHELF, UP. BAR 1.02

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

SHADES, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

SHADES, LOWER BARRIER 1.00

SHADES, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

SHADES, UPPER BARRIER 1.00

TDRA UBR50A UDR100A LFR50A LFR100A

1.20 1.24 1.22 1.19 1.08

1.14 1.20 1.17 1.38 1.16

1.11 1.16 1.17 1.44 1.16

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

0.89 1.00 1.00 2.31 1.50

0.93 0.96 0.94 1.06 1.00

0.95 0.96 0.94 1.19 1.05

0.98 0.96 0.97 1.00 0.95

1.02 0.96 1.00 0.88 0.39

0.84 0.96 0.94 1.00 0.97

0.88 0.92 0.92 1.25 1.08

0.89 0.92 0.94 1.19 1.03

0.96 0.92 0.92 0.94 0.89

0.84 0.92 0.92 1.38 1.13

0.84 0.92 0.92 1.25 1.11

0.82 0.92 0.89 1.31 1.13

0.89 0.88 0.89 1.06 0.97

0.96 0.88 0.92 1.00 0.89

0.86 0.88 0.86 1.13 1.00

0.80 0.84 0.83 1.31 1.08

0.75 0.84 0.83 1.63 1.26

0.79 0.84 0.33 2.13 1.42

0.84 0.84 0.86 1.25 1.03

0.77 0.84 0.83 1.25 1.03

0.66 0.30 0.75 2.38 1.50

0.59 0.80 0.75 1.94 1.37

0.66 0.80 0.75 2.31 1.50

0.52 0.72 0.69 2.25 1.47

45
Table 31

AVERAGE UDR100 TOR ALL SKIES, JUNE

CONFIGURATION VALUE (SORTED BY UDR100A)

CRFA

NORTH BARE WINDOW 1.00

NORTH WIN., BLINDS 1.00

NORTH WIN., LO. LIT. SHELF 1.01

BARS WINDOW 1.00

LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.99

NORTH WIN., SHADES 1.00

BLINDS, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.99

ALL BARRIERS 1.00

BLINDS 1.00

LO. LIT. SHELF, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

UP. & LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BAR 0.99

BLINDS, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

LOWER BARRIER 1.00

SHADES, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.98

UP. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

BLINDS, LOWER BARRIER 1.00

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

UP. A LO. LIT. SHELF, UP. BAR 1.02

UPPER BARRIER 1.01

BLINDS, UPPER BARRIER 1.01

BLINDS, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

SHADES 1.00

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

SHADES, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

SHADES, LOWER BARRIER 1.00

SHADES, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

SHADES, UPPER BARRIER 1.00

TDRA UDR50A UDR100A LFR50A LPR100A

1.20 1.24 1.22 1.19 1.08

1.14 1.20 1.17 1.38 1.16

1.11 1.16 1.17 1.44 1.16

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

1.02 0.96 1.00 0.88 0.89

0.89 1.00 1.00 2.31 1.50

0.98 0.96 0.97 1.00 0.95

0.93 0.96 0.94 1.06 1.00

0.95 0.96 0.94 1.19 1.05

0.89 0.92 0.94 1.19 1.03

0.84 0.96 0.94 1.00 0.97

0.88 0.92 0.92 1.25 1.08

0.96 0.88 0.92 1.00 0.89

0.96 0.92 0.92 0.94 0.89

0.84 0.92 0.92 1.38 1.13

0.84 0.92 0.92 1.25 1.11

0.89 0.88 0.89 1.06 0.97

0.82 0.92 0.89 1.31 1.13

0.84 0.84 0.86 1.25 1.03

0.86 0.88 0.86 1.13 1.00

0.80 0.84 0.83 1.31 1.08

0.75 0.84 0.83 1.63 1.26

0.79 0.84 0.83 2.13 1.42

0.77 0.84 0.83 1.25 1.03

0.66 0.80 0.75 2.38 1.50

0.59 0.80 0.75 1.94 1.37

0.66 0.80 0.75 2.31 1.50

0.52 0.72 0.69 2.25 1.47

46
Table 32

AVERAGE LFR50 FOR ALL SKIES. JUNE

CONFIGURATION VALUE (SORTED BY LFR50A)

CRFA

LOWER LIGHT SHELF. 0.99

LOWER BARRIER 1.00

BARE WINDOW 1.00

BLINDS. LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.99

LO. LIT. SHELF. LO. BARRIER 1.00

UP. A LO. LIT. SHELF. LO. BAR 0.99

ALL BARRIERS 1.00

BLINDS. LOWER BARRIER 1.00

UPPER BARRIER 1.01

BLINDS 1.00

LO. LIT. SHELF. ALL BARRIERS 1.00

NORTH BARE WINDOW 1.00

BLINDS. ALL BARRIERS 1.00

UP. A LO. LIT. SHELF. UP. BAR 1.02

UP. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

BLINDS, UPPER BARRIER 1.01

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

NORTH WIN., BLINDS 1.00

SHADES, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.98

NORTH WIN., LO. LIT. SHELF 1.01

BLINDS, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

SHADES, LOWER BARRIER 1.00

SHADES 1.00

SHADES, UPPER BARRIER 1.00

NORTH WIN., SHADES 1.00

SHADES, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

SHADES, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

TDRA UDR50A UDR100A LFR50A LPR100A

1.02 0.96 1.00 0.88 0.89

0.96 0.92 0.92 0.94 0.89

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

0.98 0.96 0.97 1.00 0.95

0.96 0.88 0.92 1.00 0.89

0.84 0.96 0.94 1.00 0.97

0.93 0.96 0.94 1.06 1.00

0.89 0.88 0.89 1.06 0.97

0.36 0.88 0.86 1.13 1.00

0.95 0.96 0.94 1.19 1.05

0.89 0.92 0.94 1.19 1.03

1.20 1.24 1.22 1.19 1.08

0.88 0.92 0.92 1.25 1.08 . 0.84 0.84 0.86 1.25 1.03

0.84 0.92 0.92 1.25 1.11

0.77 0.84 0.83 1.25 1.03

0.80 0.84 0.83 1.31 1.08

0.82 0.92 0.89 1.31 1.13

1.14 1.20 1.17 1.38 1.16

0.84 0.92 0.92 1.38 1.13

1.11 1.16 1.17 1.44 1.16

0.75 0.84 0.83 1.63 1.26

0.59 0.80 0.75 1.94 1.37

0.79 0.84 0.83 2.13 1.42

0.52 0.72 0.69 2.25 1.47

0.89 1.00 1.00 2.31 1.50

0.66 0.80 0.75 2.31 1.50

0.66 0.80 0.75 2.38 1.50

47
Table 33

AVERAGE LPR100 FOR ALL SKIES, JURE

CONFIGURATION VALUE (SORTED BY LFR100A)

CRFA

LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

LOWER BARRIER 1.00

LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.99

BLINDS, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.99

BLINDS, LOWER BARRIER 1.00

UP. A LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BAR 0.99

ALL BARRIERS 1.00

BARE WINDOW 1.00

UPPER BARRIER 1.01

LO. LIT. SHELF, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

UP. & LO. LIT. SHELF, UP. BAR 1.02

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

BLINDS 1.00

BLINDS, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

BLINDS, UPPER BARRIER 1.01

NORTH BARE WINDOW 1.00

UP. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

SHADES, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.98

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

NORTH WIN., BLINDS 1.00

NORTH WIN., LO. LIT. SHELF 1.01

BLINDS, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

SHADES, LOWER BARRIER 1.00

SHADES 1.00

SHADES, UPPER BARRIER 1.00

NORTH WIN., SHADES 1.00

SHADES, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

SHADES, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

TDRA UDR50A UDR100A LFR50A LFR100A

0.96 0.88 0.92 1.00 0.89

0.96 0.92 0.92 0.94 0.89

1.02 0.96 1.00 0.88 0.89

0.98 0.96 0.97 1.00 0.95

0.89 0.88 0.89 1.06 0.97

0.84 0.96 0.94 1.00 0.97

0.93 0.96 0.94 1.06 1.00

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

0.86 0.88 0.86 1.13 1.00

0.89 0.92 0.94 1.19 1.03

0.84 0.84 0.86 1.25 1.03

0.77 0.84 0.83 1.25 1.03

0.95 0.96 0.94 1.19 1.05

0.88 0.92 0.92 1.25 1.08

0.80 0.84 0.83 1.31 1.08

1.20 1.24 1.22 1.19 1.08

0.84 0.92 0.92 1.25 1.11

0.84 0.92 0.92 1.38 1.13

0.82 0.92 0.89 1.31 1.13

1.14 1.20 1.17 1.38 1.16

1.11 1.16 1.17 1.44 1.16

0.75 0.84 0.83 1.63 1.26

0.59 0.80 0.75 1.94 1.37

0.79 0.84 0.83 2.13 1.42

0.52 0.72 0.39 2.25 1.47

0.89 1.00 1.00 2.31 1.50

0.66 0.80 0.75 2.38 1.50

0.66 0.80 0.75 2.31 1.50

48

(S
Table 34

AVERAGE CRF FOR ALL SKIES, DECEMBER

CONFIGURATION VALUE (SORTED BY CRFA)

CRFA TDRA UDR50A UDR100A LPR50A LPR100A

NORTH WIN. , LO. LIT. SHELF 1.02 0.69 1.23 1.14 2. 15 1.83

BLINDS, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.01 0.64 0.92 0.90 1.08 1.08

1 BLINDS, UPPER BARRIER 1.01 0.59 0.74 0.74 1.12 1.05

1 BLINDS, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01 0.54 0.82 0.82 1.19 1.15

1 NORTH BARE WINDOW 1.01 0.76 1.33 1.22 2.08 1.78

NORTH WIN. , BLINDS 1.01 0.72 1.26 1.16 2. 15 1.83

UP. Si LO. LIT. SHELF, UP. BAR 1.01 0.66 0.77 0.76 1.12 1.03

UPPER BARRIER 1.01 0.84 0.77 0.78 1.12 1.03

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01 0.75 0.72 0.72 1.15 1.05

ALL BARRIERS 1.00 0.89 0.92 0.94 1.00 0.98

1 BARE WINDOW 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

1 BLINDS 1.00 0.68 0.97 0.96 1.04 1.05

1 BLINDS, ALL BARRIERS 1.00 0.65 0.90 0.90 1.04 1.03

BLINDS, LOWER BARRIER 1.00 0.64 0.79 0.80 1.08 1.00

LO. LIT. SHELF, ALL BARRIERS 1.00 0.72 0.90 0.92 1.00 1 .80

1 LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00 0.78 0.79 0.80 1.08 1.00

LOWER BARRIER 1.00 0.96 0. 82 0.84 1.04 0.95

SLOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.00 0.79 0.95 0.94 1.04 1.03

SHADES, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00 0.40 0.69 0.66 2.38 1.90

UP. & LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BAR 1.00 0.59 0.85 0.82 1.12 1.10

UP. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00 0.81 0.90 0.90 1.08 1.08

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00 0.79 0.87 0. 86 1. 12 1.10

NORTH WIN. , SHADES 0.99 0.54 0.97 0.86 2.69 2.05

SHADES 0.99 0.48 0.82 0.76 2.27 1.85

SHADES, ALL BARRIERS 0.99 0.41 0.72 0.68 2.23 1.03

SHADES, LOWER BARRIER 0.99 0.35 0.64 0.58 1.96 1.73

SHADES, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.99 0.45 0.77 0.72 2.15 1.78

SHADES, UPPER BARRIER 0.99 0.31 0.59 0.52 2. 12 1.00

49
Table 35

AVERAGE TDR FOR ALL SKIES, DECEMBER

CONFIGURATION VALUE (SORTED BY TDRA)

CRFA TDRA UDR50A UDR100A LPR50A LPR100A

BARE WINDOW 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

LOWER BARRIER 1.00 0.96 0.82 0.84 1.04 0.95

ALL BARRIERS 1.00 0.89 0.92 0.94 1.00 0.98

UPPER BARRIER 1.01 0.84 0.77 0.78 1.12 1.03

UP. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00 0.81 0.90 0.90 1.08 1.08

LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.00 0.79 0.95 0.94 1.04 1.03

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00 0. 79 0.87 0.86 1.12 1.10

LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00 0.7B 0.79 0.80 1.08 1.00

NORTH BARE WINDOW 1.01 0.76 1.33 1.22 2.08 1.78

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01 0.75 0.72 0.72 1.15 1.05

LO. LIT. SHELF, ALL BARRIERS 1.00 0.72 0.90 0.92 1.00 1.00

NORTH WIN. , BLINDS 1.01 0.72 1.26 1.16 2. 15 1.83

NORTH WIN. , LO. LIT. SHELF 1.00 0.69 1.23 1.14 2. 15 1.83

BLINDS 1.00 0.68 0.97 0.96 1.04 1.05

UP. & LO. LIT. SHELF, UP. BAR 1.01 0.66 0.77 0.76 1.12 1.03

BLINDS, ALL BARRIERS 1.00 0.65 0.90 0.90 1.04 1.03

BLINDS, LOWER BARRIER 1.00 0.64 0.79 0.80 1.08 1.00

BLINDS, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.01 0.64 0.92 0.90 1.08 1.08

BLINDS, UPPER BARRIER 1.01 0.59 0.74 0.74 1.12 1.05

UP. 8c LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BAR 1.00 0.59 0.85 0.82 1.12 1.10

BLINDS, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01 0.54 0.82 0.82 1.19 1.15

NORTH WIN. , SHADES 0.99 0.54 0.97 0.86 2.69 2.05

SHADES 0.99 0.48 0.82 0.76 2.27 1.85

SHADES, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.99 0.45 0.77 0.72 2. 15 1.78

SHADES, ALL BARRIERS 0.99 0.41 0.72 0.68 2.23 1.83

SHADES, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00 0.40 0.69 0.66 2.38 1.90

SHADES, LOWER BARRIER 0.99 0.35 0.64 0.58 1.96 1.73

SHADES, UPPER BARRIER 0.99 0.31 0.59 0.52 2. 12 1.80

50
Table 36

AVERAGE UDR50 FOR ALL SKIES, DECEMBER

CONFIGURATION VALUE (SORTED BY UDR50A)

CRFA

NORTH BARE WINDOW 1.01

NORTH WIN., BLINDS 1.01

NORTH WIN., LO. LIT. SHELF 1.00

BARE WINDOW 1.00

BLINDS 1.00

NORTH WIN., SHADES 0.99

LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

ALL BARRIERS 1 . 00

BLINDS, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

BLINDS, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

LO. LIT. SHELF, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

UP. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

UP. A LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BAR 1.00

BLINDS, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

LOWER BARRIER 1.00

SHADES 0.99

BLINDS, LOWER BARRIER 1.00

LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

SHADES, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.99

UP. A LO. LIT. SHELF, UP. BAR 1.01

UPPER BARRIER 1.01

BLINDS, UPPER BARRIER 1.01

SHADES, ALL BARRIERS 0.99

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

SHADES, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

SHADES, LOWER BARRIER 0.99

SHADES, UPPER BARRIER 0.99

TDRA UDR50A UDR100A LFR50A LFR100A

0.76 1.33 1.22 2.08 1.78

0.72 1.26 1.16 2.15 1.83

0.69 1.23 1.14 2.15 1.83

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

0.68 0.97 0.96 1.04 1.05

0.54 0.97 0.86 2.69 2.05

0.79 0.95 0.94 1.04 1.03

0.89 0.92 0.94 1.00 0.98

0.64 0.92 0.90 1.08 1.08

0.65 0.90 0.90 1.04 1.03

0.72 0.90 0.92 1.00 1.00

0.81 0.90 0.90 1.08 1.08

0.79 0.87 0.86 1.12 1.10

0.59 0.85 0.82 1.12 1.10 - 0.54 0.82 0.32 1.19 1.15

0.96 0.82 0.84 1.04 0.95

0.48 0.82 0.76 2.27 1.85

0.64 0.79 0.80 1.08 1.00

0.78 0.79 0.80 1.08 1.00

0.45 0.77 0.72 2.15 1.78

0.66 0.77 0.76 1.12 1.03

0.84 0.77 0.78 1.12 1.03

0.59 0.74 0.74 1.12 1.05

0.41 0.72 0.88 2.23 1.83

0.75 0.72 0.72 1.15 1.05

0.40 0.69 0.66 2.38 1.90

0.85 0.64 0.58 1.96 1.73

0.31 0.59 0.52 2.12 1.80
Table 37

AVERAGE UDR100 FOR ALL SKIES, DECEMBER

CONFIGURATION VALUE (SORTED BY UDR100A)

CRFA

NORTH BARE WINDOW 1.01

NORTH WIN., BLINDS 1.01

NORTH WIN., LO. LIT. SHELF 1.00

BARE WINDOW 1.00

BLINDS 1.00

ALL BARRIERS 1.00

LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

LO. LIT. SHELF, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

BLINDS, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

BLINDS, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

DP. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

NORTH WIN., SHADES 0.99

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

LOWER BARRIER 1.00

BLINDS, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

UP. & LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BAR 1.00

BLINDS, LOWER BARRIER 1.00

LO. LIT. SHELF, -LO. BARRIER 1.00

UPPER BARRIER 1.01

SHADES 0.99

UP. & LO. LIT. SHELF, UP. BAR 1.01

BLINDS, UPPER BARRIER 1.01

SHADES, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.99

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

SHADES, ALL BARRIERS 0.99

SHADES, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

SHADES, LOWER BARRIER 0.99

SHADES, UPPER BARRIER 0.99

TDRA UDR50A UDR100A LPR50A LPR100A

0.76 1.33 1.22 2.08 1.78

0.72 1.26 1.16 2.15 1.83

0.69 1.23 1.14 2.15 1.83

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

0.68 0.97 0.96 1.04 1.05

0.89 0.92 0.94 1.00 0.98

0.79 0.95 0.94 1.04 1.03

0.72 0.00 0.92 1.00 1.00

0.65 0.90 0.90 1.04 1.03

0.64 0.92 0.90 1.08 1.08

0.81 0.90 0.90 1.08 1.08

0.54 0.97 0.86 2.69 2.05

0.79 0.87 0.86 1.12 1.10

0.96 0.82 0.84 1.04 0.95

0.54 0.82 0.82 1.19 1.15

0.59 0.85 0.82 1.12 1.10

0.64 0.79 0.80 1.08 1.00

0.78 0.79 0.80 1.08 1.00

0.84 0.77 0.78 1.12 1.03

0.48 0.82 0.76 2.27 1.85

0.66 0.77 0.76 1.12 1.03

0.59 0.74 0.74 1.12 1.05

0.45 0.77 0.72 2.15 1.78

0.75 0.72 0.72 1.15 1.05

0.41 0.72 0.88 2.23 1.83

0.40 0.69 0.66 2.38 1.90

0.35 0.64 0.58 1.96 1.73

0.31 0.59 0.52 2.12 1.80

52
Table 38

AVERAGE LFR50 FOR ALL SKIES, DECEMBER

CONFIGURATION VALUE (SORTED BY LFR50A)

GRFA

ALL BARRIERS 1.00

BARE WINDOW 1.00

LO. LIT. SHELF, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

BLINDS 1.00

BLINDS, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

LOWER BARRIER 1.00

1 LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

BLINDS, LOWER BARRIER 1.00

BLINDS, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

! LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

UP. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

BLINDS, UPPER BARRIER 1.01

UP. A LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BAR 1.00

UP. A LO. LIT. SHELF, UP. BAR 1.01

UPPER BARRIER 1.01

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

I BLINDS, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

SHADES, LOWER BARRIER 0.99

i NORTH BARE WINDOW 1.01

SHADES, UPPER BARRIER 0.99

NORTH WIN., BLINDS 1.01

NORTH WIN., LO. LIT. SHELF 1.00

SHADES, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.99

SHADES, ALL BARRIERS 0.99

SHADES 0.99

SHADES, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

* NORTH WIN. , SHADES 0.99

TDRA UDR50A UDR100A LFR50A LFH100A

0.89 0.92 0.94 1.00 0.98

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

0.72 0.90 0. 92 1.00 1.00

0.68 0.97 0.96 1.04 1.05

0.65 0.90 0.90 1.04 1.03

0.96 0.82 0.84 1.04 0.95

0.79 0.95 0.94 1.04 1.03

0.64 0.79 0.80 1.08 1.00

0.64 0.92 0.90 1.08 1.08

0.78 0.79 0.80 1.08 1.00

0.81 0.90 0.90 1.08 1.08

0.59 0.74 0.74 1.12 1.05

0.59 0.85 0.82 1.12 1.10

0.66 0.77 0.78 1.12 1.03

0.84 0.77 0.78 1.12 1.03

0.79 0.87 0.88 1.12 1.10

0.75 0.72 0.72 1.15 1.05

0.54 0.82 0.82 1.19 1.15

0.35 0.64 0.58 1.96 1.73

0.76 1.33 1.22 2.08 1.78

0.31 0.59 0.52 2.12 1.80

0.72 1.26 1.13 2.15 1.83

0.69 1.23 3 . 14 2.15 1.83

0.45 0.77 0.72 2.15 1.78

0.41 0.72 0.68 2.23 1.83

0.48 0.82 0.78 2.27 1.85

0.40 0.69 0.66 2.38 1.90

0.54 0.97 0.06 2.69 2.05

53
Table 39

AVERAGE LFR100 FOR ALL SKIES, DECEMBER

CONFIGURATION VALUE (SORTED BY LPR100A)

CRFA

LOWER BARRIER 1 . 00

ALL BARRIERS 1.00

BARE WINDOW 1.00

BLINDS, LOWER BARRIER 1.00

LO. LIT. SHELF, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

BLINDS, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

UP. A LO. LIT. SHELF, UP. BAR 1.01

UPPER BARRIER 1.01

BLINDS 1.00

BLINDS, UPPER BARRIER 1.01

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

BLINDS, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

UP. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

UP. & LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BAR 1.00

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

BLINDS, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

SHADES, LOWER BARRIER 0.99

NORTH BARE WINDOW 1.01

SHADES, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.99

SHADES, UPPER BARRIER 0.99

NORTH WIN., BLINDS 1.01

NORTH WIN., LO. LIT. SHELF 1.00

SHADES, ALL BARRIERS 0.99

SHADES 0.99

SHADES, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

NORTH WIN., SHADES 0.99

TDRA UDR50A UDR100A LFR50A LPR100A

0. 96 0.82 0.34 1.04 0.95

0.39 0.92 0.94 1.00 0.98

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

0.64 0.79 0.80 1.08 1.00

0.72 0.90 0.92 1.00 1.00

0.73 0.79 0.80 1.08 1.00

0.65 0.90 0.90 1.04 1.03

0.79 0.95 0.94 1.04 1.03

0.66 0.77 0.76 1.12 1.03

0.34 0.77 0.78 1.12 1.03

0.68 0.97 0.96 1.04 1.05

0.59 0.74 0.74 1.12 1.05

0.75 0.72 0.72 1.15 1.05

0.64 0.92 0.90 1.08 1.08

0.81 0.90 0.90 1.08 1.08

0.59 0.85 0.82 1.12 1.10

0.79 0.87 0.86 1.12 1.10

0.54 0.82 0.82 1.19 1.15

0.35 0.64 0.58 1.96 1.73

0.76 1.33 1.22 2.08 1.78

0.45 0.77 0.72 2.15 1.78

0.31 0.59 0.52 2.12 1.80

0.72 1.26 1.16 2.15 1.83

0.69 1.23 1.14 2.15 1.83

0.41 0.72 0.68 2.23 1.83

0.48 0.82 0.76 2.27 1.85

0.40 0.69 0.66 2.38 1.90

0.54 0.97 0.86 2.69 2.05

54
Table 40

AVERAGE CRF FOR CLEAR SKIES, JUNE

CONFIGURATION VALUE (SORTED BY CRFA)

CRFA

BLINDS, UPPER BARRIER 1.03

UP. & LO. LIT. SHELF, UP. BAR 1.03

UPPER BARRIER 1.03

BLINDS, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.02

NORTH WIN., LO. LIT. SHELF 1.02

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.02

ALL BARRIERS 1.01

BLINDS 1.01

BLINDS, ALL BARRIERS 1.01

BLINDS, LOWER BARRIER 1.01

LO. LIT. SHELF, ALL BARRIERS 1.01

LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.01

LOWER BARRIER 1.01

UP. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.01

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

BARE WINDOW 1.00

BLINDS, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

NORTH BARE WINDOW 1.00

NORTH WIN., BLINDS 1.00

NORTH WIN., SHADES 1.00

SHADES 1 . 00

SHADES, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

SHADES, LOWER BARRIER 1.00

SHADES, UPPER BARRIER 1.00

SHADES, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

UP. & LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BAR 1.00

SHADES, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.97

TDRA UDR50A UDR100A LPR50A LPR180A

1.24 1.08 1.06 0.70 0.90

1.35 1.08 1.11 0.60 0.84

1.38 1.08 1.11 0.60 8.81

0.68 0.92 0.83 2.00 1.35

1.26 1.42 1.44 2.00 1.29

1.24 1.08 1.11 0.50 0.77

1.12 1.08 1.06 8.80 0.90

0.88 1.00 0.94 1.30 1. 10

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

1.44 1. 17 1.17 0.40 0.68

1.09 1.08 1.06 0.90 8.97

1.53 1.08 1.17 0.50 8.71

1.59 1.17 1.22 0.30 0.55

0.82 1.00 0.94 1.30 1.10.

0.79 1.00 8.94 1.40 1. 16

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

0.91 1.00 0.94 1.40 1, 10

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.20 1.03

1.44 1.50 1.50 1.50 1. 16

1.29 1.50 1.44 1.80 1.29

0.56 1.08 0.94 4.00 1.98

0. 35 8.75 0.61 3.50 1.81

0.32 0.67 0.56 3.70 1.87

0.53 0.83 8.78 2.40 1.45

0.44 0.75 0.67 3.00 1.68

0.35 0.67 0.61 3.70 1.84

0.82 1.00 1.00 1.30 1.06

0.50 0.83 0.72 2.60 1.48

55
Table 41

AVERAGE TDR FOR CLEAR SKIES, JUNE

CONFIGURATION VALUE (SORTED BY TDRA)

CRFA

LOWER BARRIER 1.01

LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.01

BLINDS, LOWER BARRIER 1.01

NORTH BARE WINDOW 1.00

UPPER BARRIER 1.03

UP. & LO. LIT. SHELF, UP. BAR 1.03

NORTH WIN., BLINDS 1.00

NORTH WIN., LO. LIT. SHELF 1.02

BLINDS, UPPER BARRIER 1.03

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.02

ALL BARRIERS 1.01

LO. LIT. SHELF, ALL BARRIERS 1.01

BARE WINDOW 1.00

BLINDS, ALL BARRIERS 1.01

LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

BLINDS, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

BLINDS 1.01

UP. & LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BAR 1.00

UP. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.01

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

BLINDS, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.02

NORTH WIN., SHADES 1.00

SHADES, LOWER BARRIER 1.00

SHADES, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.97

SHADES, UPPER BARRIER 1.00

SHADES 1 . 00

SHADES, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

SHADES, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

TDRA UDR50A UDR100A LPR50A LPR100A

1.59 1.17 1.22 0.30 0.55

1.53 1.08 1.17 0.50 0.71

1.44 1.17 1.17 0.40 0.68

1.44 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.16

1.38 1.08 1.11 0.60 0.81

1.35 1.08 1.11 0.60 0.84

1.29 1.50 1.44 1.80 1.29

1.26 1.42 1.44 2.00 1.29

1.24 1.08 1.06 0.70 0.90

1.24 1.08 1.11 0.50 0.77

1.12 1.08 1.06 0.80 0.90

1.09 1.08 1.06 0.90 0.97

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.20 1.03

0.91 1.00 0.94 1.40 1.10

0.88 1.00 0.94 1.30 1.10

0.82 1.00 1.00 1.30 1.06

0.82 1.00 0.94 1.30 1.10

0.79 1.00 0.94 1.40 1.16

0.68 0.92 0.83 2.00 1.35

0.56 1.08 0.94 4.00 1.90

0.53 0.83 0.78 2.40 1.45

0.50 0.83 0.72 2.60 1.48

0.44 0.75 0.67 3.00 1.68

0.35 0.75 0.61 3.50 1.81

0.35 0.67 0.61 3.70 1.84

0.32 0.67 0.56 3.70 1.87

56
Table 42

AVERAGE UDR50 FOR CLEAR SKIES, JUNE

CONFIGURATION VALUE (SORTED BY UDR50A)

CRFA

NORTH BARE WINDOW 1.00

NORTH WIN., BLINDS 1.00

NORTH WIN., LO. LIT. SHELF 1.02

BLINDS, LOWER BARRIER 1.01

LOWER BARRIER 1.01

ALL BARRIERS 1.01

BLINDS, UPPER BARRIER 1.03

LO. LIT. SHELF, ALL BARRIERS 1.01

LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.01

NORTH WIN., SHADES 1.00

UP. Sc LO. LIT. SHELF, UP. BAR 1.03

UPPER BARRIER 1.03

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.02

BARE WINDOW 1.00

BLINDS 1.01

BLINDS, ALL BARRIERS 1.01

BLINDS, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

UP. Sc LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BAR 1.00

UP. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.01

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

BLINDS, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.02

SHADES, LOWER BARRIER 1.00

SHADES, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.97

SHADES 1 . 00

SHADES, UPPER BARRIER 1.00

SHADES, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

SHADES, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

TDRA UDR50A UDR100A LPR50A LPR100A

1.44 1.50 1.50 l.S© i. 16

1.29 1.50 1.44 1.80 1.29

1.26 1.42 1.44 2.00 1.29

1.44 1.17 1.17 0.40 0.68

1.59 1. 17 1.22 0.30 0.55

1.12 1.08 1.06 0.80 0.90

1.24 1.08 1.06 0.70 0.90

1.09 1.08 1.06 0.90 0.97

1.53 1.08 1. 17 0.50 0.71

0.56 1.08 0.94 4.00 1.90

1.35 1.08 1.11 0.60 0.84

1 . 38 1.08 1.11 0.60 0.81

1.24 1.08 1.11 0.50 0.77

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

0.88 1.00 0.94 1.30 1 . 1®

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

0.91 1.00 0.94 1.40 1. 1®

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.20 1.03

0.82 1.00 1.00 1.30 1.06

0.82 1.00 0.94 1.30 1. 10

0.79 1.00 0.94 1.40 1.16

0.68 0.92 0.83 2.00 1.35

0.53 0.B3 0.78 2.40 1.45

0.50 0.83 0.72 2.60 1.48

0.35 0.75 0.61 3.50 1.81

0.44 0.75 0.67 3.00 1.68

0.32 0.67 0.56 3.70 1.87

0.35 0.67 0.61 3.70 1.84
Table 43

AVERAGE UDR100 FOR CLEAR SKIES, JUNE

CONFIGURATION VALUE (SORTED BY UDR100A)

CRFA

NORTH BARE WINDOW 1.00

NORTH WIN., BLINDS 1.00

NORTH WIN., LO. LIT. SHELF 1.02

LOWER BARRIER 1.01

BLINDS, LOWER BARRIER 1.01

LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.01

UP. & LO. LIT. SHELF, UP. BAR 1.03

UPPER BARRIER 1.03

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.02

ALL BARRIERS 1.01

BLINDS, UPPER BARRIER 1.03

LO. LIT. SHELF, ALL BARRIERS 1.01

BARE WINDOW 1.00

BLINDS, ALL BARRIERS 1.01

LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

UP. St LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BAR 1.00

BLINDS 1.01

BLINDS, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

NORTH WIN., SHADES 1.00

UP. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.01

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

BLINDS, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.02

SHADES, LOWER BARRIER 1.00

SHADES, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.97

SHADES, UPPER BARRIER 1.00

SHADES 1 . 00

SHADES, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

SHADES, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

TDRA UDR50A UDR100A LPR50A LPR100A

1.44 1.50 1.50 1.50 1. 16

1.29 1.50 1.44 1.80 1.29

1.26 1.42 1.44 2.00 1.29

1.59 1.17 1.22 0.30 0.55

1.44 1.17 1.17 0.40 0.68

1.53 1.08 1.17 0.50 0.71

1.35 1.08 1.11 0.60 0.84

1.38 1.08 1.11 0.60 0.81

1.24 1.08 1.11 0.50 0.77

1.12 1.08 1.06 0.80 0.90

1.24 1.08 1.06 0.70 0.90

1.09 1.08 1.06 0.90 0.97

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.20 1.03

0.82 1.00 1.00 1.30 1.06

0.88 1.00 0.94 1.30 1.10

0.91 1.00 0.94 1.40 1. 10

0.56 1.08 0.94 4.00 1.90

0.82 1.00 0.94 1.30 1.10

0.79 1.00 0.94 1.40 1.16

0.63 0.92 0.83 2.00 1.35

0.53 0.83 0.78 2.40 1.45

0.50 0.83 0.72 2.60 1.48

0.44 0.75 0.67 3.00 1.68

0.35 0.75 0.61 3.50 1.81

0.35 0.67 0.61 3.70 1.84

0.32 0.67 0.56 3.70 1.87

58
Table 44

AVERAGE LPR50 FOR CLEAR SKIES, JUNE

CONFIGURATION VALUE (SORTED BY LPR50A)

CRFA

LOWER BARRIER 1.01

BLINDS, LOWER BARRIER 1.01

LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.01

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.02

UP. & LO. LIT. SHELF, UP. BAR 1.03

UPPER BARR I ER 1.03

BLINDS, UPPER BARRIER 1.03

ALL BARRIERS 1.01

LO. LIT. SHELF, ALL BARRIERS 1.01

BARE WINDOW 1.00

BLINDS, ALL BARRIERS 1.01

LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

BLINDS 1.01

UP. & LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BAR 1.00

UP. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.01

BLINDS, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

NORTH BARE WINDOW 1.00

NORTH WIN., BLINDS 1.00

BLINDS, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.02

NORTH WIN., LO. LIT. SHELF 1.02

SHADES, LOWER BARRIER 1.00

SHADES, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.97

SHADES, UPPER BARRIER 1.00

SHADES 1 . 00

SHADES, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

SHADES, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

NORTH WIN., SHADES 1.00

TDRA UDR50A UDR100A LPR50A LPR100A

1.59 1.17 1.22 0.30 0.55

1.44 1. 17 1.17 0.40 0.68

1.53 1.08 1.17 0.50 0.71

1.24 1.08 1.11 0.50 0.77

1.35 1.08 1. 11 0.60 0.84

1.38 1.08 1.11 0.60 0.81

1.24 1.08 1.06 0.70 0.90

1.12 1.08 1.06 0.80 0.90

1.09 1.08 1.06 0.90 0.97

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.20 1.03

0.80 1.00 0.94 1.30 1.10

0.82 1.00 1.00 1.30 1.06

0.82 1.00 0.94 1.30 1.10

0.91 1.00 0.94 1.40 1.10

0.79 1.00 0.94 1.40 1.16

1.44 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.16

1.29 1.50 1.44 1.80 1.29

0.68 0.92 0.33 2.00 1.35

1.26 1.42 1.44 2.00 1.29

0.53 0.83 0.78 2.40 1.45

0.50 0.83 0.72 2.60 1.48

0.44 0.75 0.67 3.00 1.68

0.35 0.75 0.61 3.50 1.81

0.32 0.67 0.56 3.70 1.87

0.35 0.67 0.61 3.70 1.04

0.56 1.08 0.94 4.00 1.90
Table 45

AVERAGE LPR100 FOR CLEAR SKIES, JUNE

CONFIGURATION VALUE (SORTED BY LPR100A)

CRFA

LOWER BARRIER 1.01

BLINDS, LOWER BARRIER 1.01

LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.01

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.02

UPPER BARRIER 1.03

UP. 8e LO. LIT. SHELF, UP. BAR 1.03

ALL BARRIERS 1.01

BLINDS, UPPER BARRIER 1.03

LO. LIT. SHELF, ALL BARRIERS 1.01

BARE WINDOW 1.00

BLINDS, ALL BARRIERS 1.01

LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

UP. LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BAR 1.00

BLINDS 1.01

BLINDS, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

UP. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.01

NORTH BARE WINDOW 1.00

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

NORTH WIN., BLINDS 1.00

NORTH WIN., LO. LIT. SHELF 1.02

BLINDS, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.02

SHADES, LOWER BARRIER 1.00

SHADES, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.97

SHADES, UPPER BARRIER 1.00

SHADES 1 . 00

SHADES, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

SHADES, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

NORTH WIN., SHADES 1.00

TDRA UDR50A UDR100A LPR50A LPR100A

1.59 1.17 1.22 0.30 0.55

1.44 1.17 1.17 0.40 0.68

1.53 1.08 1.17 0.50 0.71

1.24 1.08 1.11 0.50 0.77

1.38 1.08 1.11 0.60 0.81

1.35 1.08 1.11 0.60 0.84

1.12 1.08 1.06 0.80 0.90

1.24 1.08 1.06 0.70 0.90

1.09 1.08 1.06 0.90 0.97

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.20 1.03

0.82 1.00 1.00 1.30 1.06

0.88 1.00 0.94 1.30 1.10 - 0.91 1.00 0.94 1.40 1.10

0.82 1.00 0.94 1.30 1.10

1.44 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.16

0.79 1.00 0.94 1.40 1.16

1.29 1.50 1.44 1.80 1.29

1.26 1.42 1.44 2.00 1.29

0.68 0.92 0.83 2.00 1.35

0.53 0.83 0.78 2.40 1.45

0.50 0.83 0.72 2.60 1.48

0.44 0.75 0.67 3.00 1.6B

0.35 0.75 0.61 3.50 1.81

0.35 0.67 0.61 3.70 1.84

0.32 0.67 0.56 3.70 1.87

0.56 1.08 0.94 4.00 1.90

60
Table 46

AVERAGE CRF FOR CLEAR SKIES, DECEMBER

CONFIGURATION VALUE (SORTED BY CRFA)

CRFA

UP. & LO. LIT. SHELF, UP. BAR 1.02

BLINDS, UPPER BARRIER 1.01

UPPER BARRIER 1.01

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

BARE WINDOW 1.00

BLINDS 1.00

BLINDS, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

BLINDS, LOWER BARRIER 1.00

BLINDS, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

BLINDS, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

LOWER BARRIER 1.00

LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

NORTH WIN., LO. LIT. SHELF 1.00

UP. 1c LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BAR 1.00

UP. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

ALL BARRIERS 0.99

LO. LIT. SHELF, ALL BARRIERS 0.99

NORTH BARE WINDOW 0.96

NORTH WIN., BLINDS 0.98

NORTH WIN., SHADES 0.97

SHADES 0.97

SHADES, ALL BARRIERS 0.97

SHADES, LOWER BARRIER 0.97

SHADES, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.97

SHADES, UPPER BARRIER 0.97

SHADES, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 0.97

TDRA UDR50A UCR100A LPR30A LPR100A

0.95 1.14 1 . 28 0.79 0.79

0. 32 1.14 1.21 0.83 0.86

1.18 1.18 1.28 0.79 8.77

1.08 1.14 1.24 0.83 8.81

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

0.55 0.95 0.93 1.0B 1.07

0.66 1.05 1.07 0.96 3.95

0.90 1.18 1.31 0.75 8.77

0.53 0.91 0.86 1.17 1.12

0.45 0.86 0.79 1.25 1.19

1.11 1.18 1.34 0.75 0.74

1.39 1.23 1.38 0.71 0.70

0.74 0.95 0.97 1.04 1.05

0.69 1.64 1.48 2.50 1.72

0.55 0.91 0.33 1.13 1.89

0.81 0.95 0.90 1.04 1.05

0.79 0.91 0.86 1.08 1.09

1.00 1.09 1.17 0.38 8.88

0.94 1.18 1.2S 0.75 0.81

0.77 1.73 1.59 2.38 1.67

0.69 1.59 1.45 2.50 1.72

0.29 0.82 0.62 3.21 2.05

0. 18 0.45 0.38 2.50 1.74

0. 19 0.45 0.41 2.42 1.70

0.29 0.64 0.55 1.92 1.51

0. 18 0.45 0.38 2.46 1.70

0.24 0.59 0.52 2. 13 1.58

0. 18 0.41 0.38 2.50 1.74
Table 47

AVERAGE TDR FOR CLEAR SKIES, DECEMBER

CONFIGURATION VALUE C SORTED BY TDRA)

CRFA

LOWER BARRIER 1.00

UPPER BARRIER 1.01

LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

ALL BARRIERS 0.99

BARE WINDOW 1.00

UP. & LO. LIT. SHELF, UP. BAR 1.02

LO. LIT. SHELF, ALL BARRIERS 0.99

BLINDS, LOWER BARRIER 1.00

BLINDS, UPPER BARRIER 1.01

UP. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

NORTH BARE WINDOW 0.98

LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

NORTH WIN., BLINDS 0.98

NORTH WIN., LO. LIT. SHELF 1.00

BLINDS, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

BLINDS 1.00

UP. & LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BAR 1.00

BLINDS, LOWER LI6HT SHELF 1.00

BLINDS, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

NORTH WIN., SHADES 0.97

SHADES, LOWER BARRIER 0.97

SHADES, UPPER BARRIER 0.97

SHADES, ALL BARRIERS 0.97

SHADES 0.97

SHADES, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.97

SHADES, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 0.97

TDRA UDR50A UDR100A LPR50A LPR100A

1.39 1.23 1.38 0.71 0.70

1.18 1.18 1.28 0.79 0.77

1.11 1.18 1.34 0.75 0.74

1.08 1.14 1.24 0.83 0.81

1.00 1.09 1.17 0.88 0.88

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

0.95 1.14 1.28 0.79 0.79

0.94 1.18 1.2S 0.75 0.81

0.90 1.18 1.31 0.75 0.77

0.82 1.14 1.21 0.83 0.86

0.81 0.95 0.90 1.04 1.05

0.79 0.91 0.86 1.08 1.09

0.77 1.73 1.59 2.38 1.67

0.74 0.95 0.97 1.04 1.05

0.69 1.59 1.45 2.50 1.72

0.69 1.64 1.48 2.50 1.72

0.66 1.05 1.07 0.96 0.95

0.55 0.95 0.93 1.08 1.07

0.55 0.91 0.83 1.13 1.09

0.53 0.91 0.86 1.17 1.12

0.45 0.86 0.79 1.25 1.19

0.29 0.82 0.62 3.21 2.05

0.29 0.64 0. 55 1.92 1.51

0.24 0.59 0.52 2. 13 1.58

0. 19 0.45 0.41 2.42 1.70

0. 18 0.45 0.38 2.50 1.74

0. 18 0.45 0.38 2.46 1.70

0. 18 0.41 9.38 2.58 1.74
Table 48

AVERAGE UDR50 FOR CLEAR SKIES, DECEMBER

CONFIGURATION VALUE (SORTED BY UDR50A)

CRFA

NORTH BARE WINDOW 0.98

NORTH WIN., LO. LIT. SHELF 1.00

NORTH WIN., BLINDS 0.98

LOWER BARRIER 1.00

BLINDS, LOWER BARRIER 1.00

LO. LIT. SHELF, ALL BARRIERS 0.99

LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

UPPER BARRIER 2.01

BLINDS, UPPER BARRIER 1.01

UP. & LO. LIT. SHELF, UP. BAR 1.02

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

ALL BARRIERS 0.99

BLINDS, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

BARE WINDOW 1.00

BLINDS 1.00

LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

UP. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

BLINDS, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

UP. St LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BAR 1.00

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

BLINDS, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

NORTH WIN., SHADES 0.97

SHADES, LOWER BARRIER 0.97

SHADES, UPPER BARRIER 0.97

SHADES 0.97

SHADES, ALL BARRIERS 0.97

SHADES, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.97

SHADES, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 0.97

TDRA UDR50A UDR100A LPR50A LPR100A

0.77 1.73 1.59 2.33 1.67

0.69 1.64 1.48 2.50 1.72

0.69 1.59 1.45 2.50 1.72

1.39 1.23 1.38 0.71 0.70

0.90 1.23 1.31 0.75 0.77

0.94 1.18 1.23 0.75 0.81

1.11 1.18 1.34 0.75 0.74

1.10 1.18 1.28 0.79 0.77

0.32 1.14 1.21 0.83 0.36

0.95 1.14 1.28 0.79 0.79

1.03 1.14 1.24 0.83 0.01

1.00 1.09 1.17 0.88 0.88

0.66 1.05 1.07 0.96 0.95

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

0.55 0.95 0.93 1.08 1.07

0.74 0.95 0.97 1.04 1.05

0.81 0.95 0.90 1.04 1.05

0.53 0.91 0. 36 1. 17 1.12

0.55 0.91 0.83 1.13 1.09

0.79 0.91 0.86 1.08 1.09

0.45 0.86 0.79 1.25 1.19

0.29 0.82 0.62 3.21 2.05

0.29 0.64 0.55 1.92 1.51

0.24 0.59 0.52 2. 13 1.58

0. 18 0.45 9.38 2.50 1.74

9. 19 0.45 0.41 2.42 1.70

0. 18 0.45 0.38 2.46 1.70

0. 18 0.41 9.38 2.58 1.74
Table 49

AVERAGE UDR100 FDR CLEAR SKIES, DECEMBER

CONFIGURATION VALUE (SORTED BY UDR100A)

CRFA

NORTH BARE WINDOW 0.98

NORTH WIN., LO. LIT. SHELF 1.00

NORTH WIN., BLINDS 0.98

LOWER BARRIER 1.00

LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

BLINDS, LOWER BARRIER 1.00

LO. LIT. SHELF, ALL BARRIERS 0.99

UP. Zt LO. LIT. SHELF, UP. BAR 1.02

UPPER BARRIER 1.01

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

BLINDS, UPPER BARRIER 1.01

ALL BARRIERS 0.99

BLINDS, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

BARE WINDOW 1.00

LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

BLINDS 1.00

UP. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

BLINDS, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

UP. h LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BAR 1.00

BLINDS, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

NORTH WIN., SHADES 0.97

SHADES, LOWER BARRIER 0.97

SHADES, UPPER BARRIER 0.97

SHADES, ALL BARRIERS 0.97

SHADES 0. 97

SHADES, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.97

SHADES, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 0.97

TDRA UDR50A UDR100A LPR50A LPR100A

0.77 1.73 1.59 2.38 1.67

0.69 1.64 1.48 2.50 1.72

0.69 1.59 1.45 2.50 1.72

1.39 1.23 1.38 0.71 0.70

1.11 1.18 1.34 0.75 0.74

0.90 1.18 1.31 0.75 0.77

0.94 1.18 1.28 0.75 0.81

0.95 1.14 1.28 0.79 0.79

1.18 1.13 1.28 0.79 0.77

1.08 1.14 1.24 0.83 0.81

0.82 1.14 1.21 0.83 0.86

1.00 1.09 1.17 0.88 0.88

0.66 1.05 1.07 0.96 0.95

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

0.74 0.95 0.97 1.04 1.05

0.55 0.95 0.93 1.08 1.07

0.81 0.95 0.90 1.04 1.05

0.53 0.91 0.86 1.17 1.12

0.79 0.91 0.86 1.08 1.09

0.55 0.91 0.83 1.13 1.09

0.45 0.86 0.79 1.25 1.19

0.29 0.82 0.62 3.21 2.05

0.29 0.64 0.55 1.92 1.51

0.24 0.59 0.52 2. 13 1.58

0. 19 0.45 0.41 2.42 1.70

0. 18 0.45 0.38 2.50 1.74

0. 18 0.45 0.38 2.46 1.70

0. 18 0.41 0.38 2.58 1.74

64

r;M
Table 50

AVERAGE LPR50 FOR CLEAR SKIES, DECEMBER

CONFIGURATION VALUE (SORTED BY LPR50A)

CRFA

LONER BARRIER 1.00

BLINDS, LONER BARRIER 1.00

LO. LIT. SHELF, ALL BARRIERS 0.99

LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

UP. & LO. LIT. SHELF, UP. BAR 1.02

UPPER BARR I ER 1.01

BLINDS, UPPER BARRIER 1.01

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

ALL BARRIERS 0.99

BLINDS, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

BARE NINDON 1.00

LONER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

UP. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

BLINDS 1.00

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

UP. & LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BAR 1.00

BLINDS, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

BLINDS, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

SHADES, LOWER BARRIER 0.97

SHADES, UPPER BARRIER 0.97

NORTH BARE WINDOW 0.9B

SHADES, ALL BARRIERS 0.97

SHADES, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.97

NORTH WIN., BLINDS 0.98

NORTH WIN., LO. LIT. SHELF 1.00

SHADES 0.97

SHADES, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 0.97

NORTH WIN., SHADES 0.97

TDRA UDR50A UDR100A LPR50A LPR100A

1.39 1.23 1.38 0.71 0.70

0.90 1.19 1.31 0.75 0.77

0.94 1.18 1.28 0.75 0.01

1.11 1 . 18 1.34 0.75 0.74

0.95 1.14 1.28 0.79 0.79

1.18 1.18 1 . 28 0.79 0.77

0.82 1.14 1.21 0.83 0.86

1.08 1.14 1.24 0.83 0.81

1.00 1.09 1.17 0.38 0.83

0.66 1.05 1.07 0.96 0.95

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

0.74 0.95 0.97 1.04 1.05

0.81 0.95 0.90 1.04 1.05

0.55 0.95 0.93 1.08 1.07

0.79 0.91 0.86 1.00 1.09

0.55 0.91 0.83 1.13 1.09

0.53 0.91 0.86 1.17 1 . 12

0.45 0.86 0.79 1.25 1.19

0.29 0.64 0.55 1.92 1.51

0.24 0.59 0.52 2. 13 1.58

0.77 1.73 1.59 2.38 1.67

0. 19 0.45 0.41 2.42 1.70

0. 18 0.45 0.38 2.46 1.70

0.69 1.59 1.45 2.50 1.72

0.69 1.64 1.48 2.50 1.72

0. 18 0.45 0.38 2.50 1.74

0. 18 0.43 0.38 2.58 1.74

0.29 0.82 0.62 3.21 2.05
Table 51

AVERAGE LPR100 FOR CLEAR SKIES, DECEMBER

CONFIGURATION VALUE (SORTED BY LPR100A)

CRFA

LOWER BARRIER 1.00

LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

BLINDS, LOWER BARRIER 1.00

UPPER BARRIER 1.01

UP. it LO. LIT. SHELF, UP. BAR 1.02

LO. LIT. SHELF, ALL BARRIERS 0.99

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.01

BLINDS, UPPER BARRIER 1.01

ALL BARRIERS 0.99

BLINDS, ALL BARRIERS 1.00

BARE WINDOW 1.00

LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

UP. LIT. SHELF, LO. BARRIER 1.00

BLINDS .1.00

UP. it LO. LIT. SHELF, LO. BAR 1.00

UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

BLINDS, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

BLINDS, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 1.00

SHADES, LOWER BARRIER 0.97

SHADES, UPPER BARRIER 0.97

NORTH BARE WINDOW 0.98

SHADES, ALL BARRIERS 0.97

SHADES, LOWER LIGHT SHELF 0.97

NORTH WIN., BLINDS 0.98

NORTH WIN., LO. LIT. SHELF 1.00

} SHADES 0.97

SHADES, UPPER LIGHT SHELF 0.97

NORTH WIN., SHADES 0.97

TDRA UDR50A UDR100A LPR50A LPR100A

1.39 1.23 1.38 0.71 0.70

1.11 1.18 1.34 0.75 0.74

0.90 1.18 1.31 0.75 0.77

1.18 1.18 1.28 0.79 0.77

0.95 1.14 1.28 0.79 0.79

0.94 1.18 1.28 0.75 0.81

1.08 1.14 1.24 0.83 0.81

0.82 1.14 1.21 0.83 0.86

1.00 1.09 1.17 0.88 0.88

0.66 1.05 1.07 0.96 0.95

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

0.74 0.95 0.97 1.04 1.05

0.81 0.95 0.90 1.04 1.05

0.55 0.95 0.93 1.08 1.07

0.55 0.91 0.83 1.13 1.09 -- 0.79 0.91 0.86 1.08 1.09

0.53 0.91 0.86 1.17 1.12

0.45 0.86 0.79 1.25 1. 19

0.29 0.64 0.55 1.92 1.51

0.24 0.59 0.52 2. 13 1.58

0.77 1.73 1.59 2.38 1.67

0. 19 0.45 0.41 2.42 1.70

0. 18 0.45 0.38 2.46 1.70

0.69 1.59 1.45 2.50 1.72

0.69 1.64 1.48 2.50 1.72

0. 18 0.45 0.38 2.50 1.74

0. 18 0.41 0.38 2.58 1.74

0.29 0.82 0.62 3.21 2.05

b\

66
*oc5

67

Figure

1.

Daylight

distribution

and

useful

daylight i

hni 1Mm. •»i,- J^
4(

1

2. )

4(

12. )

M

a

a

t

Window

i

24(7.3)

Dimensions in feet (meters)

Not to scale

Figure 2. Layout of simulated building

68

9(2

7. )
Bare Window Blinds Shad©

north

25*1 26*2

north

28*<7)4

Lower (or upper)

Light Shelf

(9)6

Lower

Barrier -j 5

^

^ —

AN Barriers

18

Figure 3a. Fenestration

7^

^ 1

17

types

69
Figure 3b. Fenestration types

70
NBS-H4A (rev. 2-80

U.S. DEPT. OF COMM.

BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA

1. PUBLICATION OR

REPORT NO.

2. Performing Organ. Report No. 3. Publication Date I

i SHEET (See instructions) NBSIR 86-3489 FEBRUARY 1987

V-.—

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Fenestration Design for Office and Residential Buildings

5. AUTHOR(S)

Stephen J. Treado and Douglas B. Holland

6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION (If joint or other than NBS, see in struction s) 7. Contract/Grant No. NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 8. Type of Report & Period Covered

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20234

9. SPONSORING ORGANIZATION NAME AND COMPLETE ADDRESS (Street. City, State. ZIP

)

Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory

Port Hueneme, CA

10.

SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

|_ ^ Document describes a computer program; SF-185, FIPS Software Summary, is attached.

11.

ABSTRACT (A 200-word or less factual summary of most significant information. If document includes a significant

bibliography or literature survey, mention it here)

The influence of fenestration design on energy performance and illumination conditions

in office and residential buildings is examined, and recommendations are given for

effective design of fenestration systems to meet occupant requirements. Particular

emphasis is given to various shading strategies, such as blinds, shades, light shelves

and fins, and their impacts on interior daylight levels and distribution, illumination

quality, and energy requirements.

A comparison is made between the total daylight gain into the building and the useful

daylight gain, where useful daylight is defined as daylight which can be used to

offset electric lighting requirements. Significant improvements in daylighting,

lighting and thermal performance are shown to be possible with various fenestration

designs

12.

KEY WORDS (Six to twelve entries; alphabetical order; capitalize only proper names; and separate key words by semicolon s) contrast, daylighting, energy performance, illumination, shading, solar gain

13. AVAILABILITY 14. NO. OF

PRINTED PAGES

| xi Unl imited

| | For Official Distribution. Do Not Release to NTIS 79

r 1 Order From Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.t_. 20402. 15. Price

Order From National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Springfield, VA. 22161 $13.95

USCOMM-DC 6043-P80
'