UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460

OFFICE OF CHE MI CAL SAFETY AND POL LU TIO N PREVENTION

PC Code: 1223 05 DP Barcode: 409374 Dat e : October 29
, 2014

MEMORANDUM

DATE: Octob er 29, 2014

SUBJECT: Tier I Dr i nking Water Assessment f or the n ew chemical benzovindiflu p yr ( P

. C

. Code: 1 2230 5) proposed Sec tion 3 u ses on blu ebe rries
, canota, cerea l crops (oats, wheat, rye, and barley), corn , cott on , cucurbits
, tomatoes, gra pes , l eg umes , o rn ame n tals
, peanuts, pom eg ran ate , soybeans
, pota toe s , turf grass , and

FROM:

T hrough : ornamen t als (DP Barcode 409374)

Gabe Rothman
, Environmental Scient i st Environmental Risk Br anch V E nvironmental Fate and Effe cts Divi sion (7507P)

Mah S h am im, Ph

. D
, Chief Enviro n mental Ri s k Bran c h V E n vi r onme n ta l Fate and Effects Di vision (7507 P)

TO : Pe t er S a vo ia
, Chemist William Irwin, Toxicologist Seyed Tadayon
, C h emist Dan ette D rew, Chem ist Michae l Metzger, Chief Healt h Ef fects Division (7509P)

Shaunt a Hill, Ri sk Manager Reviewer Cynthia Giles-Parker, Branch C hief Registration D ivision (7505P) Fungic i de Bran ch Regi st r a tion Divi s ion (7505P ) 

# ;o! VI /If

E nclosed is the Ti er I d rinkin g water assessment for the ne w fungicide active ingredient benzovind iflupyr (aka solate n ol, S YN545 I 92) propo sed Section 3 uses on bl u eberries, canola,

12 cereal crops (oats, wheat, rye, and barley), corn, cotton, cucurbits, tomatoes, grapes, legumes, ornamentals, peanuts, pomegranate, soybeans, potatoe s, turf grass, and ornamentals. If you have any further questions regarding this assessment, please contact Gabriel Rothman at (703) 347- 8011 or Rothman.Gabe@epa.gov.3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This Tier I Drinking Water Assessment for th e new active ingredient benzovindiflupyr (a.k.a. solatneol or SYN545192) containing estimates of the upper bound residue concentration in surface and ground water drinking water sources resulting from its proposed uses is being provided. Benzovindiflupyr is proposed to be used on a wide variety of agricultural crops, turf, and nursery crops. Refer to the Use Characterization section below for additional information.

Benzovindiflupyr is a pyrazole/amide fungicide. Py razole fungicides currently registered in the United States include pyraclostrobin, isopyr azam, fluxapyroxad, penflufen, penthiopyrad, furamepyr, bixafen, pyrametostrobin, rabenzazole, and sedaxane. Amide fungicides currently registered in the United States include cyflufenamide and mandipropamid 1 , Benzovindiflupyr is intended to prevent or treat a wide variety of fungal diseases. The mode of action proposed by the registrant identifies benzovindiflupyr as an inhibitor of the succinate dehydrogenase generation mechanism of the citric acid cycle. This process is a vital energy production step that takes place in the mitochondrial part of the cell. The active ingredient benzovindiflupyr is a (50:50) racemic mixture. The proposed benzovindi flupyr products consist of either emulsifiable concentrate or water dispersible granule formula tions. Emulsifiable concentrate formulations compose of benzovindiflupyr as the single active ingredient (10.27% a.i.) or compose of the following co-formulants: 7.5%:11.25% be nzovindiflupyr:difenoconazole, 2.24%:11.25% benzovindiflupyr:difenoconazole, and 7.24%: 12.07% benzovindiflupyr:propiconazole. Water dispersible granules compose of the multiple ac tive ingredients benzovindiflupyr (15% a.i.) and axosystrobin (30% a.i.).

Measures of exposure resulting from the propos ed benzovindiflupyr uses in this screening drinking water assessment are obtained through modeling efforts only, since national-scale monitoring data are not available. This screening drinking water assessment utilizes the Surface Water Concentration Calculator (SWCC Version 1.106, released May 22, 2014) to assess surface water. Multiple application scenarios were selected to calculate the estimated drinking water concentration (EDWC) in surface water based upon the highest application rates, minimum retreatment intervals, maximum number of applications, and the consideration of regional environmental characteristics resulting in the upper-bound exposure in surface water. Multiple application scenarios for the surface water analysis are presented in this screening drinking water assessment to identify the upper-bound EDWC associated with all of the proposed uses for benzovindiflupyr. Ground water concentrations ar e estimated using the Tier 1 mode of the PRZM-GW Model (Version 1.07, released January 23, 2014). According to current EFED guidance, PRZM-GW concentrations were compared to estimates in the Screening Concentrationin Ground Water model (SCI-GROW, Version 2.3, May 16, 2006) as part of the current ongoing evaluation period of PRZM-GW.

1 Citation: http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides/class_fungicides.html Accessed September 20134 The upper-bound EWDCs in surface water and ground water are summarized in Table 1 . The results in Table 1 show that the driving exposure pathway for drinking water is found from solatneol transport to surface water. This is mainly due to its tendency to sorb to soil particles in high quantities limiting its ability to leach into ground water.

Table 1. Summary of upper-bound EDWCs for surface water and ground water associated with the proposed uses of benzovindiflupyr. Surface Water Acute Chronic Cancer 8.41 1 5.41 2 4.04 3 Ground Water Acute Chronic and Cancer 0.14 4 <0.14 4

1. Based on SWCC PA Corn crop scenario.
2. Based on SWCC NY Grape crop scenario.
3. Based on SWCC ME Potato crop scenario.
4. Based on PRZM-GW FL Citrus scenario.

USE CHARACTERIZATION

Benzovindiflupyr is proposed to be used in conventional ground, aerial, and chemigation spray foliar type of applications on blueberries, canola, cereal crops (oats, wheat, rye, and barley), corn, cotton, cucurbits, tomatoes, grapes, legumes, ornamentals, peanuts, pomegranate, soybeans, potatoes, turf grass, and ornamentals. Furthermore, banded or in-furrow pre-plant soil applications are proposed for peanuts and potatoe s. Proposed single maximum application rates of benzovindiflupyr range between 0.046 – 0.089 lbs. a.i./A with one to four retreatment intervals at a minimum of 7 seven days between applications specified on the proposed product labels ( Table 2)

.5 Table 2. Summary of proposed use information for benzovindiflupyr emulsifiable concentrate and water dispersible granules.

CROP USE MAX. SINGLE

APP. RATE

(lbs. a.i./A) 1 MAX. NUMBER OF APPS. and MIN. RETREATMENT INTERVAL SEASONAL APP. RATE (lbs. a.i./A) 3 APPLICATION METHOD 2

Corn

0.068 4 apps., 7 days apart 0.272 Foliar Spray (C, G, A) Cucurbits
Tomatoes and Fruiting Vegetables

Grapes

Tubers (Potatoes) 0.068 4 apps., 7 days apart 0.272 Foliar Spray (C, G, A)

Soil Banded or In-Furrow Application

Peanuts 0.089 3 apps., 14 days apart 0.267 Foliar Spray (C, G, A)

Soil Banded or In-Furrow Application Nursery Plants, Tomato Transplant, Fruit Transplant, Curcubit Transplant 0.088 3 apps., 7 days apart 0.264 Foliar Spray (G Only)

Turf Grass 0.088 3 apps., 14 days apart 0.264 Foliar Spray (G Only)

Cotton 0.068 3 apps., 7 days apart 0.204 Foliar Spray (C, G, A)

Blueberries 0.068 2 apps., 10 days apart 0.136 Foliar Spray (C, G, A)6 Table 2. Summary of proposed use information for benzovindiflupyr emulsifiable concentrate and water dispersible granules.

CROP USE MAX. SINGLE

APP. RATE

(lbs. a.i./A) 1 MAX. NUMBER OF APPS. and MIN. RETREATMENT INTERVAL SEASONAL APP. RATE (lbs. a.i./A) 3 APPLICATION METHOD 2 Soybeans 0.068 2 apps., 7 days apart 0.136 Foliar Spray (C, G, A) Legumes
Cereal (Oats, Barley, and Wheat) 0.068 2 apps., 14 days apart 0.136 Foliar Spray (C, G, A)

Canola 0.068 1 app. 0.068 Foliar Spray (C, G, A)

Pomegranate 0.046 4 apps., 7 days apart 0.184 Foliar Spray (C, G, A)

1. Maximum application rate based on product active ingredient density and maximum application rates (specified in fl.. oz./A) on product labels.
2 Foliar spray method identifiers: G = Ground spray; A = Aerial Spray; C = Chemigation
3 Seasonal application rate assumed to be equivalent to a y early application rate. Further label clarification needed.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND TRANSPORT CHARACTERIZATION

Physical and chemical properties of benzovindiflupyr are shown in Table 3 below. Environmental fate and transport properties of benzovindiflupyr based upon registrant submitted studies or other references are shown in Table 4 below.

Table 3. Physical and chemical properties of benzovindiflupyr. Property Value and units MRID or Source

Structure MRID 48604402

Chemical Formula C 18 H 15 Cl 2 F 2 N 3 O MRID 48604402

Molecular

Weight 398.2 g/mol MRID 48604402

Vapor Pressure (25°C) 2.40 x 10 -11 torr MRID 486044027 Table 3. Physical and chemical properties of benzovindiflupyr. Property Value and units MRID or Source Henry’s Law

Constant 9.75 x 10 -9 atm·m 3 /mol EpiSuite HENRYWIN v. 3.20 Water Solubility

(pH 7, 20°C) 0.98 mg/L MRID 48604402

Octanol – water partition coefficient (log K O W ) 4.30 MRID 48604505

Table 4. Summary of benzovindiflupyr environmental fate properties.

Study/ OCSPP Guideline No. Value and unit MRID # or Citatio

n Study Classification, Comment

Abiotic Hydrolysis

(835.2120) t 1/2 = Stable (pH 4 at 50°C)
t 1/2 = Stable (pH 5 at 50°C)
t 1/2 = Stable (pH 7 at 50°C)
t 1/2 = Stable (pH 9 at 25°C) 48604506 Acceptable

Aqueous Photolysis

(835.2240) t 1⁄2 = 11.2 days (natural water, SFO)
t 1⁄2 = 88.4 days (pH7 buffer solution, SFO) 48604507 Supplemental

 Environmentallyrelevant halflife, corrected for dark control

 Determination of natural equivalent photoperiod in the study not consistent with current OECD or OCSPP guidance.

Soil Photolysis

(835.2410) Switzerland Loam (Moist): t 1⁄2 = 236 days (SFO) Switzerland Loam (Dry): t 1⁄2 = 492 days (SFO) 48604495 Supplemental

 Environmentallyrelevant halflife, corrected for dark control

 Determination of natural equivalent8 Table 4. Summary of benzovindiflupyr environmental fate properties.

Study/ OCSPP Guideline No. Value and unit MRID # or Citatio

n Study Classification, Comment

photoperiod in the study not consistent with current OECD or OCSPP guidance. Degradation in air

(835.2370) Reaction with Hydroxyl Radicals
t 1⁄2 = 0.237 days EpiSuite AopWin v. 1.92 NA

Aerobic Soil Metabolism

(835.4100) UK SaCL: t 1/2 = 1,788 days (SFO) France SiC: t 1/2 = 1,628 days (SFO) Switzerland L: t 1/2 = 661 days (SFO) California SaL: t 1/2 = 1,177 days (SFO) North Dakota SaCL: t 1/2 = 1,172 days (SFO)

Switzerland L: t 1/2 = 635 days (SFO) 48604493

48604492 Acceptable

 Foreign soils were found to be representative of dometstic soils based on soil taxonomy

Supplemental

 Foreign soil representative of a few localized domestic soils based on soil toxonomy

Anaerobic Soil Metabolism

(835.4200) UK SaCL: t 1⁄2 = 1,339 days (SFO) 48604494 Acceptable

 Foreign soils were found to be representative of dometstic soils based on soil taxonomy

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism Swiss lake sand sediment: t 1/2 = 616 - 742 days (n =2, SFO) UK lake silt loam sediment: t 1/2 = 427 - 502 days (n = 2, SFO) 48604509 & 48604510 Supplemental

 Study durations insufficient to9 Table 4. Summary of benzovindiflupyr environmental fate properties.

Study/ OCSPP Guideline No. Value and unit MRID # or Citatio

n Study Classification, Comment

(835.4300) determine full formation and decline cycle for degradates

 Fringe anaerobic conditions (low dissolved oxygen levels, pe +pH <12) present throughout studies

Anaerobic

Aquatic Metabolism

(835.4400) Swiss lake sand sediment: t 1/2 = 767- 934 days (n=2, SFO) UK lake silt loam sediment t 1/2 = 882 days (DFOP) &
t 1/2 = 620 days (SFO) 48604509 & 48604510 Supplemental

 Study durations insufficient to determine full formation and decline cycle for degradates Mobility,

unaged leaching, adsorption/ desorption (K oc )

(835.1220) UK SaCL: K oc = 4,414 mL/g; K d = 123.6 mL/g; OC = 2.8% Fr SiC: K oc = 5,033 mL/g; K d = 45.3 mL/g; OC = 0.9% Switzerland L: K oc = 3,900 mL/g; K d = 78 mL/g; OC = 2.0% California SaL K oc = 5,214 mL/g; K d = 36.5 mL/g ; OC = 0.7 % North Dakota SaL: K oc =3,828 mL/g; K d = 95.7 mL/g ; OC = 2.5 % 48604505 Acceptable

Terrestrial Field Dissipation

(835.6100) Nebraska, USA Loam/Silty Loam: t 1/2 = 1,080 days (DFOP) Illinois, USA Clay Loam Soil: t 1/2 = 2,725 days (SFO) Georgia, USA Sandy Loam Soil: t 1/2 = 8,190 days (IORE) California, USA Loamy Sand Soil: t 1/2 = 240 days (DFOP) Manitoba, Canada Loam Soil, Bare Plot: t 1/2 = 196,000 days (IORE) Georgia, USA Loamy Sand Soil: t 1/2 = 582 days (DFOP) New York, USA Loamy Sand Soil: t 1/2 =511 1,610 days (IORE)

Illinois soybean leaf disks:
t 1/2 = 4 – 10.5 days (IORE, n = 3 applications)

Georgia whole peanut plant: 48604496

48604497 48604498 48604499 48604502

48604511 48604581

48604497

48604998 Acceptable

Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Supplemental 4,5

Acceptable Supplemntal 4

Acceptable

Acceptable10 Table 4. Summary of benzovindiflupyr environmental fate properties.

Study/ OCSPP Guideline No. Value and unit MRID # or Citatio

n Study Classification, Comment

t 1/2 = 6.92 days (IORE, n = 1 application)

Manitoba barley crop:
t 1/2 = 19.3 days (SFO, n = 1 application,)

California turf grass clippings
t 1/2 = 0.6 – 6.8 days (IORE, n = 4 applications,)

New York grass clippings
t 1/2 = 11.7 days (SFO, n = 1 application) 48604502

48604580

48604581 Supplemental 4

Acceptable

Supplemental 4,5

Fish Bioconcen

-tration Factor (BCF)

(850.1730) Bluegill Sunfish Steady State BCF = 116 L/kg (Edible Tissues) Steady State BCF = 695 L/kg (Non-Edible Tissues) Steady State BCF = 405 L/kg (Whole Fish)

Time to Steady State = 10 days

96.9 percent of the accumulated residues in whole fish were removed after 7 days of depuration. 48604521 Supplemental

 A large portion of radioactivity
was not identified

 Only one test concentration was examined

1 NA means not applicable.
2 Half life degradation kinetics scheme determinations:

SFO = Single First Order, IORE = Indeterminate Order Rate Equation, DFOP = Double First Order in Parallel
3 Soil textural classifications: Sa: Sand, SaCL: Sandy Clay Loam, SaL: Sandy Loam , LSa: Loamy Sand, SiC: Silty Clay, SiL: Silt Loam, L: Loam, CL: Clay Loam 4,5 No discernible degradation of benzovindi flupyr was observed throughout the study duration.
5 Only two applications were completed in the study amounting to a total load of 0.244 lbs.a.i./A less than the total

maximum seasonal load of 0.272 lbs a.i./A.

 Benzovindiflupyr Mobility and Transport to Drinking Water Sources

Benzovindiflupyr that is applied to crops and soil may be transported to surface water via erosion of benzovindiflupyr-ladened soil particles concurrent with rain events after application. Benzovindiflupyr residues are expected to be read ily washed off from crops as suggested from foliar dissipation half-lives ranging between 4 – 20 days from turf, barley, peanut, and soybean crops (MRID Nos. 48604997, 48604998, 48604502, 48604580, and 48604581).

Benzovindiflupyr (SYN545192) is very persistent in the terrestrial environment, and therefore the longevity for it to be available for runoff will be high after its application. The total soil half-11 life in five field dissipation studies were all greater than 2,000 days 2 . The total soil half-life in three other study plots were still highly persistent but to a lesser degree, ranging from between 240 – 1,080 days 3 . The persistence of benzovindiflupyr in the field verified well from laboratory aerobic soil metabolism and anaerobic soil metabolism half-lives which ranged from 635 days – 1,788 days in seven soils 4

. Benzovindiflupyr possesses soil-water partition coefficient (K oc ) values ranging between 3,829 – 5,221 mL/g (MRID No. 48604505), and a water solubility of 0.98 ppm (MRID No. 48604402). These high K oc and low solubility values suggest th at runoff of benzovindiflupyr residues bound to eroded soil particles is expected to most impact surface water bodies. Although benzovindiflupyr’s low solubility and mobility indicate that it will leach in small quantities, ground water contamination is possible since re sidual benzovindiflupyr may break through to the water table given its highly persistent properties in soil and water (see next section below). Benzovindiflupyr is not expected to escape from dry or moist soil surfaces or water bodies to the atmosphere via volatilization given its low vapor pressure of 2.4 x 10 -11 torr (at 70°C) and low Henry’s Law Constant of 9.75 x 10 -9 atm ∙ m 3 /mol (at 25°C) (MRID No. 48604402).

Once reaching water bodies, benzovindiflupyr is very persistent in aquatic environments as well. Benzovindiflupyr (SYN545192) was not observed to degrade at 50°C over a 30 day period in the hydrolysis study (MRID No. 48604506). In both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, >83 percent of benzovindiflupyr was still observed 100 days after the application, and half-lives ranged between 427 – 934 days (MRID Nos. 48604509 and 48604510). While persistent, a large portion of benzovindiflupyr residues present in the water column sorb to sediment. Between 74 percent – 85 percent of applied benzovindiflupyr wa s observed to sorb to sediment for a period of up to 100 days after the application (MRID Nos. 48604509 and 48604510).

 Transformation Products of Benzovindiflupyr in Soil and Water

Given benzovindiflupyr’s persistent properties, small levels of degradates (<< 10 percent of applied) were found in most laboratory studies . The only exception is the aquatic photolysis study where pyrazole acid formed up to 38.6 percent of applied and pyrazole amine formed up to 24.5 percent of applied 15 days after application. However, although these metabolites form in water in the presence of light, this transformation pathway is not expected to be prevalent in the environment given that the low occurrence of light penetration in water bodies nearby agricultural fields as well as adjacent streams and reservoirs given the turbid properties of these

2 Study plots include Illinois Sandy Clay Loam Soil (MRID No. 48604497), Georgia Sandy Loam Soil (MRID No. 48604998), Manitoba (Canada) Loam Bare Plot (MRID No. 48604502), Manitoba (Canada) Cropped Plot (MRID No. 48604502), and New York Loamy Sand (MRID No. 48604581). 3 Study plots include California Loamy Sand Soil (MRI D No. 48604499), Nebraska Silty Loam Soil (MRID No. 48604496), and Georgia Loamy Sand Soil (MRID No. 48604511). 4 Aerobic soils evaluated include Switzerland Loam Soil (MRID No. 48604492), United Kingdom Sandy Clay Loam Soil (MRID No. 48604493), France Silty Clay So il (MRID No. 48604493), Switzerland Loam Soil (MRID No. 48604493), California Sandy Loam Soil (MRID No. 48604493), and North Dakota Sandy Clay Loam Soil (MRID No. 48604493). Anaerobic soils evaluated include United Kingdom Sandy Clay Loam Soil (MRID No. 48604494).12 water bodies. Therefore, given benzovindiflupyr’s persistence in environmentally relevant media, this drinking water assessment will be based solely on benzovindiflupyr as decided at the Residues of Concern Knowledgebase Subcom ittee (ROCKS) meeting dated December 4, 2014. Please refer to Table 2 within EFED’s briefing memo, “Data on Benzovindiflupyr (Benzovindiflupyr) and Environmental Transforma tion Products in Support of the ROCKS” (DP Barcode 415520, dated November 25, 2013) which shows the potential formation and decline of benzovindiflupyr metabolites in soil and water in various environmental fate transformation pathways.

PROBLEM FORMULATION

The environmental fate properties of benzovindi flupyr and its application methods indicate that drinking water exposure may potentially occur in surface reservoir water or in drinking water wells. Direct deposition of benzovindiflupyr sprays and subsequent washoff from crop foliage, erosion via runoff, and spray drift deposition are potentially the major transport mechanisms to surface water. The soil pre-plant applications for peanut and potato crops proposed for benzovindiflupyr would potentia lly most impact ground water drinking water sources nearby treated fields than the other folia r applications. Therefore, this drinking water exposure assessment will address scenarios which depict the potential for benzovindiflupyr to be transported off-site to drinking water sources including surface water and ground water. As per the Health Effects Division’s (HED’s) Resi dues of Concern Knowledgebase Subcommittee (ROCKS) (meeting dated December 4, 2014), only parent benzovindiflupyr will be considered as the primary residue of concern for the drinking water exposure assessment. Please refer to the previous section for a more detailed discussion justifying this decision.

EXPOSURE ANALYSIS

Estimated drinking water concentrations (EDWCs) in surface waters for proposed benzovindiflupyr applications are estimated usi ng The Surface Water Concentration Calculator interface (SWCC version 1.092, dated March 6, 2014). The SWCC is available on-line at: http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/water/#swcc . Percent crop areas (PCAs) are accounted for in EDWCs specific to each crop to factor in the portion of watersheds that are typically subject to pesticide loadings and subsequent transport to water bodies. The guidance, “Development and Use of Percent Cropped Area and Percent Turf Area Adjustment Factors in Drinking Water Exposure Assessments: 2012 Update”, are used to determine PCA values for each crop (EPA, 2012).

Ground water estimated concentrations resulting fr om the proposed uses of benzovindiflupyr are estimated using the PRZM-GW (version 1.07, March 6, 2014) will be used to evaluate ground water exposure. PRZM-GW is publically available on-line at http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/water/#przm_gw . Results from the long-standing tier I SCI-GROW model (Screening Concentration in GRound Water model, Version 2.3, May 16, 2006) will also be shown in comparison with the PRZM-GW modeling results according to EFED guidance related to the evaluation peri od for the recent release of PRZM-GW. SCI-13 GROW is publically available on-line at http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/water/#scigrow

. Since benzovindiflupyr is a new active ingredient , there are no environmental monitoring data available. Therefore, drinking water exposure will only be quantified using EDWCs calculated from the models described above.

 Surface Water

The fate parameters and use-specific input parameters for the SWCC surface water modeling are shown in Table 5 . The EDWCs of benzovindiflupyr in surface water are shown for aerial and ground applications in Table 6 . Broadcast aerial applications are only evaluated in this Tier 1 drinking water assessment for all uses except turf and ornamentals since this is considered to be the application method resulting in the most conservative exposure scenario than ground applications and localized banded and in-furrow soil applications. Turf and ornamental uses evaluate ground spray applications since aerial applications are not proposed on the product labels. EDWCs are calculated from the most vulnerable application scenarios considering the full scope of uses on product labels and their associated application rates and retreatment intervals. The SWCC output files are provided in Appendix A.

Table 5. SWCC input parameter values used for benzovindiflupyr surface water aquatic exposure estimation. SWCC Input Parameter Input Value and Unit Source Physical Chemical Properties Molecular Weight (g/mol) 398.2 MRID 48604402 Vapor Pressure (torr) 2.40 x 10 -11 MRID 48604402 Solubility in Water (mg/L) 0.98 MRID 48604402 Soil-Water Partition Coefficient (K oc ) (mL/g) 4,478 MRID 48604505

EFED Input Parameter Guidance Mean value from batch equilibrium studies ( n =-5 soils) Environmental Fate Properties Hydrolysis at pH7 (t 1/2 ) Stable MRID 48604506
Aerobic soil metabolism (t 1/2 ) and Reference Temperature 1,460 days @ 20°C MRID 48604492 & 48604493

EFED Input Parameter Guidance

Upper 90 TH percentile confidence interval (n = 5 soils) Aerobic aquatic metabolism (t 1/2 ) and Reference Temperature 2,920 days @ 20°C MRID 48604509 & 48604510

EFED Input Parameter Guidance

No valid aerobic aquatic metabolism study available. Conservative default of 2 x aerobic soil metabolism half-life used (2 x 1,460 days).14 Table 5. SWCC input parameter values used for benzovindiflupyr surface water aquatic exposure estimation. SWCC Input Parameter Input Value and Unit Source

Anaerobic aquatic metabolism (t 1/2 ) and Reference Temperature 907 days @ 20°C MRID 48604494

EFED Input Parameter Guidance Upper 90 th percentile confidence interval (n = 4 soil-water sediment systems)
Aqueous Photolysis (t 1/2 ) and Reference latitude 88.4 days@ 45°N MRID 48604507 1

Application Methods and Crop Management Input Parameters Crop Scenario and Weather PA Corn 14751.dvf (Harrisburg, PA)

ME Corn 14607.dvf (Caribou, ME)

FL Tomato 12844.dvf (West Palm Beach, FL)

NC Peanuts 13722.dvf (Raleigh, NC)

NY Grape 14860.dvf (Erie, PA)

NJ Nursery 93730.dvf (Atlantic City, NJ)

FL Cucumbers 12844.dvf (West Palm Beach, FL)

FL Turf 12834.dvf Selected crop scenarios most vulnerable for composite proposed uses nationwide including corn, cucurbits, fruit and tomatoes, grapes, tubers (potatoes), peanuts, ornamentals, turf, cotton, blueberries, soybean, legumes, cereal (oats, barley, and wheat), canola, and pomegranate. Refer to Table 2 for information on maximum application rates specified on the label for proposed uses which was partially considered to select crop scenarios.15 Table 5. SWCC input parameter values used for benzovindiflupyr surface water aquatic exposure estimation. SWCC Input Parameter Input Value and Unit Source (Daytona Beach, FL)

Application Rate PA Corn, ME Potato, FL Tomato, NY Grape, FL Cucumber 0.076 kg/ha (all apps.)

NJ Nursery, FL Turf, NC Peanut 0.1 kg/ha (all apps.) Maximum single application rate specified on product labels

Number of Applications and Retreatment Interval PA Corn, ME Potato, FL Tomato, NY Grape, FL Cucumber 4 apps. 7 days apart

NJ Nursery 3 apps., 7 days apart

FL Turf, NC Peanut 3 apps., 14 days apart Based on maximum seasonal app. rates (specified in Table 2) and minimum retreatment intervals specified in product labels.

Application Date PA Corn: June 20 ME Potato: Aug. 15 FL Tomato: May1 NC Peanuts: Aug. 1 NY Grape: Sept. 15 NJ Nursery: Aug. 5 FL Cucumber: Oct. 25 FL Turf: Oct. 5 Selected based on maximum rainfall climatological date at meteorological station after crop emergence date specified in PRZM crop scenario based on expected pest pressure

PCA 0.95 Maximum national PCA for all agricultural and turf use combinations from Table 5 of, “Development and Use of Percent Cropped Area and Percent Turf Are Adjustment Factors in Drinking Water Exposure Assessments: 2012 Update” Application Methods Foliar Simulating foliar applications from aerial and ground product spray applications as specified on product labels Application Efficiency PA Corn, ME Potato, FL Tomato, NY Grape EFED input parameter guidance for aerial and ground applications16 Table 5. SWCC input parameter values used for benzovindiflupyr surface water aquatic exposure estimation. SWCC Input Parameter Input Value and Unit Source FL Cucumber Aerial apps.: 0.95

FL Turf, NJ Nursery Ground apps.: 0.99 Spray Drift Fraction PA Corn, ME Potato, FL Tomato, NY Grape FL Cucumber Aerial apps.: 0.135

FL Turf, NJ Nursery Ground apps. 0.066 Spray drift fraction for aerial and ground applications from Table 2 of EPA, 2013, “Guidance on Modeling Offsite Deposition of Pesticides via Spray Drift”.

Foliar Extraction FEXTRC = 0.5 Default assumption for foliar applications

1 The upper 90 th percentile half life calculated as follows: t 1/2 input = + (t 90, n-1 x σ )

n 1/2

where is the mean of the set of half lives from each study, t 90, n-1 is the one-sided t value for the 90 th percentile level, σ is the standard deviation of the set of half lives de termined from each study, and n is the sample size of the set of half lives determined from each study.
Table 6. SWCC estimated upper bound concentrations in surface water (ppb) for benzovindiflupyr.

Crop Scenarios and App. Method 1 PCA Annual Peak (Acute) 2 Annual Mean (Chronic) 2 30-year Mean (Cancer) PA Corn (aerial)

0.95 8.41 3.85 2.86 ME Potato (aerial) 7.92 4.89 4.04 FL Tomato (aerial) 6.11 2.14 1.69 NC Peanuts (aerial) 5.18 2.63 2.26 NY Grape (aerial) 8.35 5.41 3.96 FL Cucumber (aerial) 6.14 2.05 1.56 NJ Nursery (ground) 4.59 2.35 1.72 FL Turf (ground) 1.66 0.868 0.720 *Bold text indicate maximum values.
1 Selected crop scenarios most vulnerable for composite pr oposed uses nationwide including corn, cucurbits, fruit and tomatoes, grapes, tubers (potatoes), p eanuts, ornamentals, turf, cotton, blue berries, soybean, legumes, cereal (oats, barley, and wheat), canola, and pomegranate. Refer to Table 2 for information on maximum application rates specified on the label for proposed uses which was partially considered to select crop scenarios.
2 One-in-ten year estimated value.

 Ground Water17 Tables 7 and 8 show the input parameter values used in PRZM-GW and its predicted concentrations of benzovindiflupyr in ground water. Tier I scenarios are run in this assessment to capture upper-bound screening exposure based on vulnerable environmental conditions. Broadcast ground applications at 0.089 lbs. a.i./A, 3 applications, 7 days apart are evaluated corresponding to proposed peanut and potato soil incorporated uses. Broadcast ground spray uses are the conservative application method evaluated for ground water exposure since the residues initially reside closest to the ground water source versus aerial applications. The PRZM-GW output files for both scenarios are provided in Appendix B.

Table 7. PRZM-GW input parameter values for physical chemical and fate properties used for benzovindiflupyr surface water aquatic exposure estimation. PRZM/EXAMS Input Parameter Input Value and Unit Source

Pesticide Properties Hydrolysis at pH7 (t 1/2 ) Stable MRID 40924220 1 Surface soil metabolism (t 1/2 ) at 25°C 1,030 days MRID 48604492 & 48604493

EFED Input Parameter Guidance

Upper 90 TH percentile confidence interval 9n = 5 soils) 1,2,4 :

Soil-Water Partition Coefficient (K oc ) (mL/g) 4,478 MRID 48604505

EFED Input Parameter Guidance Mean value (n = 5 soils):

Application Methods and Crop Management Input Parameters Crop Scenarios, Application Date 5 , and Weather WI Sands: Jul. 5, w14920 (La Crosse, WI) NC Coastal: Aug. 1, w13722 (Raleigh, NC) GA Coastal: Jul. 1, w93805 (Tallahasse, FL) Delmarva Peninsula: May 15, w13781 (Wilmington, DE) FL Citrus: Aug. 10, w12842 (Tampa, FL) FL Potato: Apr. 10, w13889 (Jacksonville, FL)
Application Rate 0.1 kg/ha Maximum single application rate, maximum seasonal application rate, and minimum retreatment application interval out of all uses proposed for ornamentals on product labels 3 Number of Applications and Retreatment Interval 3 applications with a 7- day interval

Application Methods Ground application 4 Most conservative application method from product labels

1 Half-lives readjusted from studi es conducted at 20°C to 25°C using Q 10 = 2 relationship (half-lives decrease by18 one-half for every 10°C increase in temperature).

2 The upper 90 th percentile half life calculated as follows: t 1/2 input = + (t 90, n-1 x σ )

n 1/2

where is the mean of the set of half lives from each study, t 90, n-1 is the one-sided t value for the 90 th percentile level, σ is the standard deviation of the set of half lives de termined from each study, and n is the sample size of the set of half lives determined from each study.
3 Identified from proposed A154157 Label.
4 Equal distribution of the chemical assumed in corporated within the top 4-cm of the soil.
Table 8. PRZM-GW estimated upper bound concentrations in ground water (ppb) for solatneol.

Tier I Scenario Highest Daily Value (Acute) Post-Breakthrough Average (Chronic and Cancer) WI Sands <0.01 NC Coastal <0.01 GA Coastal <0.01 FL Citrus 0.14 <0.14 1 FL Potato <0.01 Delmarva Peninsula <0.01 *Bolded values show the highest ground water EDWC.
1 Based on a simulation with 30 years of meteorological da ta. For further discussion, please refer to the exposure

characterization below.

Tables 9 and 10 show the input parameter values used in SCI-GROW and its predicted concentrations of benzovindiflupyr in ground water, respectively. The ground water concentrations generated by SCI-GROW represents the largest 90-day average value. Since there is relatively little temporal variation in ground water concentrations compared to surface water, the predicted concentration in SCI-GROW can be considered suitable for both the acute and chronic exposures. The SCI-GROW output files for both scenarios are provided in Appendix B.

Table 9. SCI-GROW input parameter values for physical chemical and fate properties used for benzovindiflupyr. SCI-GROW Input Parameter Input Value and Unit Source Application Methods and Crop Management Input Parameters Maximum Application Rate (lbs. a.i./A) 0.089 Maximum single application rate out of all crops proposed for ornamentals 1 Number of Applications 3 Maximum number of retreatments out of all crops proposed for ornamentals 1 Physical Chemical Properties Solubility in Water 0.98 mg/L MRID 4860440219 Table 9. SCI-GROW input parameter values for physical chemical and fate properties used for benzovindiflupyr. SCI-GROW Input Parameter Input Value and Unit Source Soil-Water Partition Coefficient (K oc ) 4,414 mL/g MRID 48604505

EFED Input Parameter Guidance Median value (n = 5 soils
Environmental Fate Properties Aerobic soil metabolism (t 1/2 ) 832 days MRID 48604492 & 48604493

EFED Input Parameter Guidance

Mean value (n = 5 soils)

1 Identified from proposed A154157 Label.
2 Half-lives readjusted from studi es conducted at 20°C to 25°C using Q 10 = 2 relationship (half-lives decrease by

one-half for every 10°C increase in temperature).

Table 10. SCI-GROW estimated upper bound concentrations in ground water (ppb) for all benzovindiflupyr proposed uses (ppb). Acute Chronic and Cancer <0.01

EXPOSURE CHARACTERIZATION

The surface water modeling results from the SWCC depicts benzovindiflupyr’s ability to enter water bodies, and is the driving exposure pathway for drinking water versus ground water exposure. Based on benzovindiflupyr’s tendency to bind to soil bodies, erosion of benzovindiflupyr-ladened soil particles is the dominate transport mechanism to surface water.

Tables 8 and 10 both show that PRZM-GW and SCIGROW respectively indicate that ground water exposure is minimal. This is expected given benzovindiflupyr’s low proposed applicationrates, low solubility, and high tendency to bind to soil particles. It should be noted that PRZMGW indicates that ground water concentrations are expected to be low with a very small increase over time. PRZM-GW is likely capturing a slow release of benzovindiflupyr into ground water resulting from small amounts of dissolved benzovindiflupyr leaching to ground water over time, and once reaching ground water, benzovindiflupyr remains persistent. However, given benzovindiflupyr’s high tendency for binding to soil particles, this downward movement of benzovindiflupyr and its eventual breakthrough into ground water is expected to be negligible. This can be verified with all of the field di ssipation studies for benzovindiflupyr where the vast20 majority of benzovindiflupyr residues remain above 7.5 cm (3 inches) beneath the soil surface 5

. Although Table 8 reports the results the peak and post-breakthrough average concentrations consistent with the concentrations at the end of the modeling simulation time series, it is not expected that concentrations of benzovindiflupyr would exceed the levels reported in Table 8 given its low application rate, tendency to sorb to soil particles, and expectation that benzovindiflupyr would mainly remain in top soil which would be more readily available for erosion via runoff rather than leaching. Therefore, given its fate and transport characteristics in soil and nature of benzovindiflupyr applications, surface water exposure is expected to be the primary route of exposure for drinking water. Please refer to Appendix B showing the time series of the PRZM-GW results.

UNCERTAINTIES AND LIMITATIONS

The main uncertainty in this drinking water assessment for benzovindiflupyr concerns a major deficiency in the aerobic aquatic studi es (MRID Nos. 48604509 and 48604510). The aerobic aquatic metabolism half-life is one critical parameter impacting acute and chronic EDWCs for surface water. Conditions in these studies were fringe anaerobic (suboxic) as the criteria for aerobic conditions taking into account redox potential and pH was not satisfied 6 . However, benzovindiflupyr is very persistent in all environmental media with half-lives in the range of 620 – 1,788 days in soil and water. So, it is unlikely that benzovindiflupyr would degrade exceptionally faster in water under aerobic conditions. In lieu of the aerobic aquatic studies available, this uncertainty is addressed in this drinking water assessment by utilizing the conservative default of doubling the soil meta bolism half-life to represent the aquatic environmental biodegradation in the modeling. However, given that benzovindiflupyr is persistent as it is, EDWCs would not be impacted unless aerobic aquatic metabolism half-lives much lower in magnitude than other degradation pathways, which is not likely given the appearance of the persistent moiety of benzovindiflupyr in the environment.

One other limitation in this screening drinking water assessment is that surface water EDWCs presented in this drinking water assessment for the proposed nationwide uses of benzovindiflupyr are based on a finite collection of application scenarios. While finite, the application scenarios for crops were selected based on the combination of the highest application rates proposed for crops, application methods, and environmental conditions across the country which would result in upper-bound exposure out of all of the proposed uses for benzovindiflupyr consistent with the screening approach to this drinking water assessment. First, only scenarios for potatoes, peanuts, ornamentals, turf, corn, cucumbers, tomatoes, and grapes were evaluated since maximum seasonal application rates were the higher than the remaining crops (0.264 – 0.272 lbs. a.i./A). While maximum single application rates for the remaining crops including cotton blueberries, soybeans, legumes, oat, barley, wheat, canola, and pomegranate were all similar at up to 0.068 lbs. a.i./A, less quantity of retreatments are proposed for these crops, and therefore the seasonal load for these crops are less, in the range of 0.068 – 0.204 lbs. a.i./A. Second, only aerial applications are evaluated for surface water for all application scenarios

5 MRID Nos. 48604496, 48604497, 48604498, 48604499, 48604502, 48604511, 48605580, and 48604581. 6 The criteria for aerobic conditions is pe + pH >12 where pe = redox potential/59.2 (Sposito, 1989).21 except where only ground spray applications are propos ed for turf and ornamental uses. Aerial applications result in upper-bound EDWCs since the spray drift contribution with these applications most impact water bodies. Third, the crop scenario regions evaluated in the surface water exposure assessment were selected based on the scenario which produces the highest runoff and resulting exposure out of all regional crop scenarios developed across the country. While EDWCs are presented for multiple crops, EDWCs are not specified for every proposed crop in this screening drinking water assessment. However, multiple crop scenarios for thesurface water evaluation are presented, but this presentation is provided to identify the upperbound EDWC for surface water. With this stated, the maximum EDWCs identified in Table 6 is considered the upper-bound EDWCs for the entire collection of proposed crops for benzovindiflupyr, considering all of the decision poi nts related to application rates, application methods, and environmental regional variations discussed above.

It should also be noted that while surface water exposure is the driving exposure pathway for drinking water, the results reported from PRZM-GW are based on the Tier 1 mode of the model. While multiple scenarios are presented for ground water EDWCs, these scenarios are not necessarily representative of the benzovindiflupyr uses. Rather, the Tier 1 EDWCs resulting from PRZM-GW are conservatively based on most vulnerable environmental conditions which have been identified for ground water contamination throughout the country. Therefore, this approach using the Tier 1 mode of PRZM-GW provides the first step in the screening ground water assessment for all chemicals subject to ground water contamination. Despite this conservative Tier 1 approach to the ground water assessment, the proposed uses of benzovindiflupyr were found to minimally impact ground water sources.

REFERENCES

Barrett, M. 1997. Proposal For a Method to Determine Screening Concentration Estimates for Drinking Water Derived from Ground Water Studi es. EPA Office of Pesticide Programs. Washington, DC.

Sposito, G. 1989. The Chemistry of Soils. Oxford Univ. Press, New York.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2012. Gu idance for using PRZM-GW in Drinking Water Exposure Assessments. U.S. Envi ronmental Protection Agency, Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Office of Pesticide Programs, E nvironmental Fate and Effects Division. October 15, 2012.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2012.. De velopment and Use of Percent Cropped Area and Percent Turf Area Adjustment Factors in Drinking Water Exposure Assessments: 2012 Update. EPA Office of Pesticide Programs. Washington, DC.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2012. Gu idance for using PRZM-GW in Drinking Water Exposure Assessments. U.S. Envi ronmental Protection Agency, Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Office of Pesticide Programs, E nvironmental Fate and Effects Division. October22 15, 2012.

U.S. Environmental Protection Ag ency 2014. Surface Water Concentration Calculator User Manual, Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substan ces, Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental Fate and Effects Division. July 1, 2014.23 Appendix A – Surface Water Modeling

Figure A-1. SWCC output for PA Corn scenario.

Estimated Environmental Concentrations (ppb) for Benzovindiflupyr.

Peak (1-in-10 yr) 8.85 4-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 8.06 21-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 6.62 60-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 5.14 365-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 4.05

Entire Simulation Mean 3.01

Summary of Model Inputs for Benzovindiflupyr.

Scenario PAcornSTD Cropped Area Fraction 1.0 Koc (ml/g) 4478 Water Half-Life (days) @ 20 °C 2920 Benthic Half-Life (days) @ 20 °C 907 Photolysis Half-Life (days) @ 45 °Lat 88.4

Hydrolysis Half-Life (days) 0 Soil Half-Life (days) @ 20 °C 1460 Foliar Half-Life (days) 0

Molecular Wt 398.2 Vapor Pressure (torr) 2.4e-11 Solubility (mg/l) 0.98

Application Schedule for Benzovindiflupyr.

Date (Mon/Day) Type Amount (kg/ha) Eff. Drift
6/20 Foliar 0.076 0.95 0.135
6/27 Foliar 0.076 0.95 0.135
7/4 Foliar 0.076 0.95 0.13524 7/11 Foliar 0.076 0.95 0.135

Yearly Peak Concentrations25 Figure A-2. SWCC output for FL Cucumber scenario.

Estimated Environmental Concentrations (ppb) for Benzovindiflupyr.

Peak (1-in-10 yr) 6.46 4-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 5.63 21-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 3.91 60-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 3.38 365-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 2.16

Entire Simulation Mean 1.64

Summary of Model Inputs for Benzovindiflupyr.

Scenario FLcucumberSTD Cropped Area Fraction 1.0 Koc (ml/g) 4478 Water Half-Life (days) @ 20 °C 2920 Benthic Half-Life (days) @ 20 °C 907 Photolysis Half-Life (days) @ 45 °Lat 88.4

Hydrolysis Half-Life (days) 0 Soil Half-Life (days) @ 20 °C 1460 Foliar Half-Life (days) 0

Molecular Wt 398.2 Vapor Pressure (torr) 2.4e-11 Solubility (mg/l) 0.98

Application Schedule for Benzovindiflupyr.

Date (Mon/Day) Type Amount (kg/ha) Eff. Drift
10/25 Foliar 0.076 0.95 0.135
10/31 Foliar 0.076 0.95 0.135
11/7 Foliar 0.076 0.95 0.135
11/14 Foliar 0.076 0.95 0.13526 Yearly Peak Concentrations27 Figure A-3. SWCC output for NY Grape scenario.

Estimated Environmental Concentrations (ppb) for Benzovindiflupyr.

Peak (1-in-10 yr) 8.79 4-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 8.33 21-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 7.32 60-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 6.58 365-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 5.69

Entire Simulation Mean 4.17

Summary of Model Inputs for Benzovindiflupyr.

Scenario NYGrapesSTD Cropped Area Fraction 1.0 Koc (ml/g) 4478 Water Half-Life (days) @ 20 °C 2920 Benthic Half-Life (days) @ 20 °C 907 Photolysis Half-Life (days) @ 45 °Lat 88.4

Hydrolysis Half-Life (days) 0 Soil Half-Life (days) @ 20 °C 1460 Foliar Half-Life (days) 0

Molecular Wt 398.2 Vapor Pressure (torr) 2.4e-11 Solubility (mg/l) 0.98

Application Schedule for Benzovindiflupyr.

Date (Mon/Day) Type Amount (kg/ha) Eff. Drift
9/15 Foliar 0.076 0.95 0.135
9/22 Foliar 0.076 0.95 0.135
9/29 Foliar 0.076 0.95 0.135
10/6 Foliar 0.076 0.95 0.13528 Yearly Peak Concentrations29 Figure A-4. SWCC output for NJ Nursery scenario.

Estimated Environmental Concentrations (ppb) for Benzovindiflupyr.

Peak (1-in-10 yr) 4.83 4-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 4.40 21-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 3.77 60-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 3.18 365-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 2.47

Entire Simulation Mean 1.81

Summary of Model Inputs for Benzovindiflupyr.

Scenario NJnurserySTD_V2 Cropped Area Fraction 1.0 Koc (ml/g) 4478 Water Half-Life (days) @ 20 °C 2920 Benthic Half-Life (days) @ 20 °C 907 Photolysis Half-Life (days) @ 45 °Lat 88.4

Hydrolysis Half-Life (days) 0 Soil Half-Life (days) @ 20 °C 1460 Foliar Half-Life (days) 0

Molecular Wt 398.2 Vapor Pressure (torr) 2.4e-11 Solubility (mg/l) 0.98

Application Schedule for Benzovindiflupyr.

Date (Mon/Day) Type Amount (kg/ha) Eff. Drift
8/5 Foliar 0.1 0.99 0.066
8/12 Foliar 0.1 0.99 0.066
8/19 Foliar 0.1 0.99 0.06630 Yearly Peak Concentrations31 Figure A-5. SWCC output for NC Peanuts scenario.

Estimated Environmental Concentrations (ppb) for Benzovindiflupyr.

Peak (1-in-10 yr) 5.45 4-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 5.02 21-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 4.29 60-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 3.62 365-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 2.77

Entire Simulation Mean 2.38

Summary of Model Inputs for Benzovindiflupyr.

Scenario NCpeanutSTD Cropped Area Fraction 1.0 Koc (ml/g) 4478 Water Half-Life (days) @ 20 °C 2920 Benthic Half-Life (days) @ 20 °C 907 Photolysis Half-Life (days) @ 45 °Lat 88.4

Hydrolysis Half-Life (days) 0 Soil Half-Life (days) @ 20 °C 1460 Foliar Half-Life (days) 0

Molecular Wt 398.2 Vapor Pressure (torr) 2.4e-11 Solubility (mg/l) 0.98

Application Schedule for Benzovindiflupyr.

Date (Mon/Day) Type Amount (kg/ha) Eff. Drift
8/1 Foliar 0.1 0.95 0.135
8/15 Foliar 0.1 0.95 0.135
8/29 Foliar 0.1 0.95 0.13532 Yearly Peak Concentrations33 Figure A-6. SWCC output for ME Potatoes scenario.

Estimated Environmental Concentrations (ppb) for Benzovindiflupyr.

Peak (1-in-10 yr) 8.34 4-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 7.74 21-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 6.60 60-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 5.80 365-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 5.15

Entire Simulation Mean 4.25

Summary of Model Inputs for Benzovindiflupyr.

Scenario MEpotatoSTD Cropped Area Fraction 1.0 Koc (ml/g) 4478 Water Half-Life (days) @ 20 °C 2920 Benthic Half-Life (days) @ 20 °C 907 Photolysis Half-Life (days) @ 45 °Lat 88.4

Hydrolysis Half-Life (days) 0 Soil Half-Life (days) @ 20 °C 1460 Foliar Half-Life (days) 0

Molecular Wt 398.2 Vapor Pressure (torr) 2.4e-11 Solubility (mg/l) 0.98

Application Schedule for Benzovindiflupyr.

Date (Mon/Day) Type Amount (kg/ha) Eff. Drift
8/15 Foliar 0.076 0.95 0.135
8/22 Foliar 0.076 0.95 0.135
8/29 Foliar 0.076 0.95 0.135
9/5 Foliar 0.076 0.95 0.13534 Yearly Peak Concentrations35 Figure A-7. SWCC output for FL Tomatoes scenario.

Estimated Environmental Concentrations (ppb) for Benzovindiflupyr.

Peak (1-in-10 yr) 6.43 4-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 5.61 21-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 4.33 60-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 3.42 365-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 2.25

Entire Simulation Mean 1.78

Summary of Model Inputs for Benzovindiflupyr.

Scenario FLtomatoSTD_V2 Cropped Area Fraction 1.0 Koc (ml/g) 4478 Water Half-Life (days) @ 20 °C 2920 Benthic Half-Life (days) @ 20 °C 907 Photolysis Half-Life (days) @ 45 °Lat 88.4

Hydrolysis Half-Life (days) 0 Soil Half-Life (days) @ 20 °C 1460 Foliar Half-Life (days) 0

Molecular Wt 398.2 Vapor Pressure (torr) 2.4e-11 Solubility (mg/l) 0.98

Application Schedule for Benzovindiflupyr.

Date (Mon/Day) Type Amount (kg/ha) Eff. Drift
5/1 Foliar 0.076 0.95 0.135
5/8 Foliar 0.076 0.95 0.135
6/15 Foliar 0.076 0.95 0.135
6/22 Foliar 0.076 0.95 0.13536 Yearly Peak Concentrations37 Figure A-8. SWCC output for FL Turf scenario.

Estimated Environmental Concentrations (ppb) for Benzovindiflupyr.

Peak (1-in-10 yr) 1.75 4-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 1.61 21-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 1.31 60-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 1.24 365-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 0.914

Entire Simulation Mean 0.758

Summary of Model Inputs for Benzovindiflupyr.

Scenario FLturfSTD Cropped Area Fraction 1.0 Koc (ml/g) 4478 Water Half-Life (days) @ 20 °C 2920 Benthic Half-Life (days) @ 20 °C 907 Photolysis Half-Life (days) @ 45 °Lat 88.4

Hydrolysis Half-Life (days) 0 Soil Half-Life (days) @ 20 °C 1460 Foliar Half-Life (days) 0

Molecular Wt 398.2 Vapor Pressure (torr) 2.4e-11 Solubility (mg/l) 0.98

Application Schedule for Benzovindiflupyr.

Date (Mon/Day) Type Amount (kg/ha) Eff. Drift
10/5 Foliar 0.1 0.99 0.066
10/19 Foliar 0.1 0.99 0.066
11/9 Foliar 0.1 0.95 0.06638 Yearly Peak Concentrations39 Appendix B – Ground Water Modeling

Figure B-1. PRZM-GW output for WI Sands scenario.

Groundwater Results for Enter chemical name or descriptive information. and the
Wisconsin Corn - WI Central Sands Scenario.

Peak Concentration (ppb) 2.83E-09 Post-Breakthrough Mean Concentration (ppb) Incomplete

Entire Simulation Mean Concentration (ppb) 1.54E-10

Average Breakthrough Time (days) Incomplete

Throughputs 0.175816

Chemical Properties for Groundwater Modeling of Enter chemical name or descriptive information..

Koc (ml/g) 4478 Surface Soil Half Life (days) 1030 Hydrolysis Half Life (days) 0 Diffusion Coefficint Air (cm2/day) 0.0 Henry's Constant 0.0 Enthalpy (kcal/mol) 0.0

Pesticide application scheme used for Enter chemical name or descriptive information.. This application scheme was applied every year between years 1 and 30 of the simulation.

Application Date (Month/Day) Application Method Application Rate (kg/ha) 07/05 Ground application with mass distribution increasing proportionally with depth to 4 cm 0.1

07/12 Ground application with mass distribution increasing proportionally with depth to 4 cm 0.140 07/19 Ground application with mass distribution increasing proportionally with depth to 4 cm 0.1

Aquifer Breakthrough Curve for Enter chemical name or descriptive information. and the Wisconsin Corn - WI Central Sands Scenario41 Figure B-2. PRZM-GW output for Delmarva Corn scenario.

Groundwater Results for Enter chemical name or descriptive information. and the DELMARVA sweet corn - Evesboro loamy sand Scenario.

Peak Concentration (ppb) 6.78E-06 Post-Breakthrough Mean Concentration (ppb) Incomplete

Entire Simulation Mean Concentration (ppb) 4.55E-07

Average Breakthrough Time (days) Incomplete

Throughputs 0.2038289

Chemical Properties for Groundwater Modeling of Enter chemical name or descriptive information..

Koc (ml/g) 4478 Surface Soil Half Life (days) 1030 Hydrolysis Half Life (days) 0 Diffusion Coefficint Air (cm2/day) 0.0 Henry's Constant 0.0 Enthalpy (kcal/mol) 0.0

Pesticide application scheme used for Enter chemical name or descriptive information.. This application scheme was applied every year between years 1 and 30 of the simulation.

Application Date (Month/Day) Application Method Application Rate (kg/ha) 05/15 Ground application with mass distribution increasing proportionally with depth to 4 cm 0.1

05/22 Ground application with mass distribution increasing proportionally with depth to 4 cm 0.1

05/29 Ground application with mass distribution increasing 0.142 proportionally with depth to 4 cm

Aquifer Breakthrough Curve for Enter chemical name or descriptive information. and the DELMARVA Sweet Corn - Evesboro Loamy Sand Scenario43 Figure B-3. PRZM-GW output for FL Citrus scenario.

Groundwater Results for Enter chemical name or descriptive information. and the Florida Citrus - FL Central Ridge, Polk County - (Tampa) Met File (12842.dvf) - Astatula sand, hrgb A Scenario.

Peak Concentration (ppb) 0.143 Post-Breakthrough Mean Concentration (ppb) Incomplete

Entire Simulation Mean Concentration (ppb) 0.0221

Average Breakthrough Time (days) Incomplete

Throughputs 0.2393649

Chemical Properties for Groundwater Modeling of Enter chemical name or descriptive information..

Koc (ml/g) 4478 Surface Soil Half Life (days) 1030 Hydrolysis Half Life (days) 0 Diffusion Coefficint Air (cm2/day) 0.0 Henry's Constant 0.0 Enthalpy (kcal/mol) 0.0

Pesticide application scheme used for Enter chemical name or descriptive information.. This application scheme was applied every year between years 1 and 30 of the simulation.

Application Date (Month/Day) Application Method Application Rate (kg/ha) 08/10 Ground application with mass distribution increasing proportionally with depth to 4 cm 0.1

08/17 Ground application with mass distribution increasing proportionally with depth to 4 cm 0.1

08/25 Ground application with mass 0.144 distribution increasing proportionally with depth to 4 cm

Aquifer Breakthrough Curve for Enter chemical name or descriptive information. and the Florida Citrus - FL Central Ridge, Polk County - (Tampa) Met File (12842.Dvf) - Astatula Sand, Hrgb A Scenario45 Figure B-4. PRZM-GW output for FL Potatoes scenario.

Groundwater Results for Enter chemical name or descriptive information. and the FLORIDA - potato - Met File (13889.dvf) Jacksonville Scenario.

Peak Concentration (ppb) 9.28E-08 Post-Breakthrough Mean Concentration (ppb) Incomplete

Entire Simulation Mean Concentration (ppb) 9.85E-09

Average Breakthrough Time (days) Incomplete

Throughputs 0.1107898

Chemical Properties for Groundwater Modeling of Enter chemical name or descriptive information..

Koc (ml/g) 4478 Surface Soil Half Life (days) 1030 Hydrolysis Half Life (days) 0 Diffusion Coefficint Air (cm2/day) 0.0 Henry's Constant 0.0 Enthalpy (kcal/mol) 0.0

Pesticide application scheme used for Enter chemical name or descriptive information.. This application scheme was applied every year between years 1 and 30 of the simulation.

Application Date (Month/Day) Application Method Application Rate (kg/ha) 04/01 Ground application with mass distribution increasing proportionally with depth to 4 cm 0.1

04/08 Ground application with mass distribution increasing proportionally with depth to 4 cm 0.1

04/15 Ground application with mass distribution increasing 0.146 proportionally with depth to 4 cm

Aquifer Breakthrough Curve for Enter chemical name or descriptive information. and the FLORIDA - Potato - Met File (13889.Dvf) Jacksonville Scenario47 Figure B-5. PRZM-GW output for GA Coastal scenario.

Groundwater Results for Enter chemical name or descriptive information. and the GA - Southern Coastal Plain, Tifton loamy sand - PEANUTS Scenario.

Peak Concentration (ppb) 1.01E-11 Post-Breakthrough Mean Concentration (ppb) Incomplete

Entire Simulation Mean Concentration (ppb) 6.91E-13

Average Breakthrough Time (days) Incomplete

Throughputs 0.1452416

Chemical Properties for Groundwater Modeling of Enter chemical name or descriptive information..

Koc (ml/g) 4478 Surface Soil Half Life (days) 1030 Hydrolysis Half Life (days) 0 Diffusion Coefficint Air (cm2/day) 0.0 Henry's Constant 0.0 Enthalpy (kcal/mol) 0.0

Pesticide application scheme used for Enter chemical name or descriptive information.. This application scheme was applied every year between years 1 and 30 of the simulation.

Application Date (Month/Day) Application Method Application Rate (kg/ha) 07/01 Ground application with mass distribution increasing proportionally with depth to 4 cm 0.1

07/08 Ground application with mass distribution increasing proportionally with depth to 4 cm 0.1

07/15 Ground application with mass distribution increasing 0.148 proportionally with depth to 4 cm

Aquifer Breakthrough Curve for Enter chemical name or descriptive information. and the GA - Southern Coastal Plain, Tifton Loamy Sand - PEANUTS Scenario49 Figure B-6. PRZM-GW output for NC Coastal scenario.

Groundwater Results for Enter chemical name or descriptive information. and the NC Eastern Coastal Plain - Norfolk loamy sand - Cotton Scenario.

Peak Concentration (ppb) 0.00109 Post-Breakthrough Mean Concentration (ppb) Incomplete

Entire Simulation Mean Concentration (ppb) 8.58E-05

Average Breakthrough Time (days) Incomplete

Throughputs 0.2526038

Chemical Properties for Groundwater Modeling of Enter chemical name or descriptive information..

Koc (ml/g) 4478 Surface Soil Half Life (days) 1030 Hydrolysis Half Life (days) 0 Diffusion Coefficint Air (cm2/day) 0.0 Henry's Constant 0.0 Enthalpy (kcal/mol) 0.0

Pesticide application scheme used for Enter chemical name or descriptive information.. This application scheme was applied every year between years 1 and 30 of the simulation.

Application Date (Month/Day) Application Method Application Rate (kg/ha) 08/01 Ground application with mass distribution increasing proportionally with depth to 4 cm 0.1

08/08 Ground application with mass distribution increasing proportionally with depth to 4 cm 0.1

08/15 Ground application with mass distribution increasing 0.150 proportionally with depth to 4 cm

Aquifer Breakthrough Curve for Enter chemical name or descriptive information. and the NC Eastern Coastal Plain - Norfolk Loamy Sand - Cotton Scenario51 Figure B-7. SCI-GROW output file for proposed benzovindiflupyr applications.

SCIGROW VERSION 2.3 ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND EFFECTS DIVISION OFFICE OF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY SCREENING MODEL FOR AQUATIC PESTICIDE EXPOSURE

SciGrow version 2.3 chemical:Benzovindiflupyr time is 7/21/2014 18:47:28

------------------------------------------------------------------------ Application Number of Total Use Koc Soil Aerobic rate (lb/acre) applications (lb/acre/yr) (ml/g) metabolism (days)

------------------------------------------------------------------------ 0.089 3.0 0.267 4.41E+03 832.0

------------------------------------------------------------------------ groundwater screening cond (ppb) = 6.56E-03 ************************************************************************