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PUBLICATIONS

NBSIR 81-2364

NDE PUBLICATIONS: 1980

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Leonard Mordin, Editor

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Bureau of Standards

National Measurement Laboratory

Office of Nondestructive Evaluation

Washington, DC 20234

October 1 981

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100

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31-2364

1931

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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Malcolm Baldrige, Secretary

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Ernest Ambler, Director

NATIONAL BUREAU, OF STANDARDS

LIBRARY mar 2 5 1983

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

Page

1

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2. Bibliography and Abstracts ....... 3

3. Subject Index .39

4. How to Obtain Copies 42

NDE PUBLICATIONS: 1980

Leonard Mordfin

Office of Nondestructive Evaluation

National Measurement Laboratory

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, DC 20234

1. Introduction

This is the fourth in a series of bibliographies of NBS publications on

nondestructive evaluation (NDE). Previous reports in this series have been

NBSIR 78-1557, "NDE Publications: 1972-1977"; NBSIR 80-2030, "NDE Publications:

1978"; and NBSIR 81-2351, "NDE Publications: 1979". This report provides bibliographic citations for publications that appeared in the literature during

calendar year 1980. Also included are citations for several publications that

appeared in previous years but were not listed in the earlier compilations.

These publications were authored by members of the NBS staff and include

papers published in non-NBS media as well as papers and reports from the NBS

publications series. Many of the publications cited are based on research that

was supported, in whole or in part, by the NBS Office of Nondestructive Evaluation.

The publications address a wide variety of NDE methods, both those that are well

established in industry and some that are relatively new. For completeness,

several publications dealing with technologies that directly support NDE, such

as imaging and piezoelectricity, have been included.

1
The format of this report is the same as that used previously. Brief,

edited abstracts are provided for most of the publications cited. The

bibliography and the abstracts comprise Section 2 of the report. The 108

entries in the bibliography are listed in alphabetical order by the surname

of the first author.

Section 3 of the report is a subject index for the publications listed.

This index is quite comprehensive and, when used together with the abstracts

and the alphabetical bibliography, may be expected to enable readers to locate

publications of interest without difficulty.

The last section of the report provides some assistance to readers

wishing to obtain copies of specific publications listed.

2
2.

Bibliography and Abstracts

1. Anon., Program and abstracts, Fifth International Symposium on Ultrasonic

Imaging and Tissue Characterization and Second International Symposium on

Ultrasonic Materials Characterization, June 1-6, 1980, National Bureau of

Standards, Gai thersburg, MD, 148 pages (1980).

2. Anon., Calibration of acoustic emission sensors, EPRI Journal 5 , No. 8,

52-54 (Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, Oct. 1980).

3. Anon., NBS scientist inspects jet engines, NBS Standard 25 , No. 24, p. 3

(Nov. 26, 1980).

In a cooperative program with the U.S. Navy and Teledyne CAE, NBS

physicist Donald Garrett has used neutron radiography to quickly check

for safe oil levels within compact jet engines used in missile systems.

4. Baum, M., In the pursuit of precision, Dimensions/NBS 64 , No. 1, 13-15

(Jan. /Feb. 1980).

NBS has awarded two Precision Measurement Grants for research which

will lead to improved values of several fundamental physical constants.

One of the grants went to Professor W. Sauder of the Virginia Military

Institute for the development of a new type of ultrasonic interferometer.

3
5. Baum, M. , The sounds of failure, Dimensions/NBS 64 , No. 4, 12-18

(May/June 1980).

A review of the NBS interdiscipl inary research program on acoustic

emission NDE.

6. Behrens, J. W. , Johnson, R. G., Bowman, C. D., Pinhole camera imaging

of neutrons using a position-sensitive proportional counter, Trans. Am.

Nucl. Soc. 34 , 663-664 (1980).

We describe progress in imaging eV neutrons produced by a spatially

extended source using a position-sensitive proportional counter in a

pinhole camera configuration. This work is being conducted (1) for a

better understanding of the eV neutron source characterization from the

neutron-produci ng target at the NBS linac, (2) for the development of

resonance neutron radiography, and (3) for possible use in imaging high

energy neutron sources.

7. Behrens, J. W., Schrack, R. A., Carlson, A. D. and Bownan, C. D., Resonance

neutron radiography for nondestructive evaluation and assay applications.

Nuclear Cross Sections for Technology , J. C. Fowler and C. H. Johnson, Eds.,

NBS Spec. Publ . 594, 436-439 (Sept. 1980).

8. Behrens, J. W., Schrack, R. A., Bowman, C. D., Nondestructive examination

of a defective silver braze using resonance-neutron radiography, Nucl .

Techno! . 51 , No. 1, 78-82 (Nov. 1980).

a

• 4
Resonance-neutron radiography is being developed at the National

Bureau of Standards (NBS). for use in nondestructive evaluation (NDE) and

assay (NDA) applications. To illustrate the method we determined the

distribution and thickness of silver between two sil ver-brazed metal plates.

9. Berger, H. , Nondestructive testing of railroad rail, Transportation Res.

Record 744 , 22-26 (1980).

Techniques of nondestructive testing of railroad rail in service are

reviewed with the aim of assessing the state of the art and future needs.

The contributions to the industry of the primary NDT methods--ul trasonic

and magnetic inspection--are noted, and their limitations are examined.

Recommendations for improving rail NDT include greater use of these two

complementary systems, greater attention to operator training and characteristics and to the inspection of new rail before installation, and

changes in government regulations that will lead to more effective use of

rail test cars.

10. Berger, H. , Birnbaum, G. and Free, G., -Recent progress in eddy current

testing, Proc. Int. Symp. New Methods of Non-Destructive Testing of Materials

and their Application Especially in Nuclear Engineering, Saarbrucken, West

Germany, Sept. 17-19, 1979 , pp. 99-106 (Deutsche Gesellschaft fur

Zerstorungsfreie Prufung, Berlin, West Germany, Mar. 1980).

The effectiveness of eddy current nondestructive testing is being

enhanced by recent advances in theoretical analysis, new measurement methods,

and the use of automation and computers for data analysis, as evidenced by

5
papers presented at a Symposium held September 1979 in USA. This paper

presents a survey of the symposium papers dealing with multi frequency

techniques, automation methods and data analysis including pattern

recognition.

11. Berger, H. , Lapinski, N. P. and Reimann, K. J., Neutron laminagraphy

for inspection of nuclear fuel subassemblies, Proc. Int. Symp. New

Methods of Non-Destructive Testing of Materials and Their Application

Especially in Nuclear Engineering, Saarbrucken, West Germany, Sept. 17-19 ,

p. 275-282 (Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Zerstorungsfreie Prufung, Berlin,

West Germany, Mar. 1980).

Multiple-film laminagraphy to display individual object planes within

a complex, reactor fuel subassembly is described. Neutron radiography

methods in the thermal, resonance and fast energy ranges are shown to be

capable of good laminagraphic results.

12. Berger, H. and Mordfin, L., Eds., Annual report 1979, Office of Nondestructive Evaluation NBSIR 80-2007, 91 pages (March 1980).

\

This is the second in the series of annual reports on the NBS program

in nondestructive evaluation. These reports summarize the program's activities and plans. The focus of the present report is on the program's

activities in Fiscal Year 1979.

6
13. Berger, H., Nondestructive testing in the 80's, Met. Prog. 118 , No. 3,

33-37 (Aug. 1980).

Increased use is seen for computer technology and signal processing,

for the nondestructive characterization of both defects and material

parameters, for traceable NDT measurements and continuous monitoring of

machinery, engines and structures.

14. Berger, H. and Linzer, M. , Eds., Ultrasonic materials characterization,

(Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Ultrasonic Materials

Characterization held at the National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, MD,

June 7-9, 1978), Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Spec. Pub]. 596, 644 pages

(Nov. 1980) SN003-003-02264-1 , $11.00.

The use of ultrasonic nondestructive testing to characterize

materials both in terms of properties and flaws is the subject of this

volume.

15. Berger, H. , Calibration for NDE measurements, Dimensions/NBS 64 , No. 9,

inside cover (Nov. 1980).

16. Berger, H. , Testing without destruction, Dimensions/NBS 64 , No. 9, 6-9

(Nov. 1980).

A summary of common NDE techniques; calibrations and standards for

NDE; and some NDE-related standard reference materials.

7
17. Berger, H. and Mordfin, L., Eds., Technical activities 1980—Office of

Nondestructive Evaluation, NBSIR 80-2162, 119 pages {Nov. 1980). Order

from NTIS as PB81-132466, $11.00.

A review of nondestructive evaluation programs at NBS for FY1980

is presented in this annual report.

18. Bertocci , U., Electrochemical noise measurements: a new measurement

technique for diagnosis and study of localized corrosion. National Measure -

ment Laboratory - 1979 Technical Highlights , NBS Spec. Publ . 572, 92-94

(April 1980) SN003-003-02203-7, $4.25.

Fluctuations in the electron potential and/or current of corroding

electrodes are giving information on the breakdown and repair of protective

films and are being studied as a possible means of detecting the output

of localized corrosion.

19. Blau, P. J., Use of a two-diagonal measurement method for reducing scatter

in Knoop microhardness testing, Scr. Metal 1. 14 , 719-724 (1980).

The two-diagonal method may be most useful where only a limited

sample of material is available and large numbers of microhardness tests

cannot easily be performed.

20. Boettinger, W. J., Burdette, H. E. and Kuriyama, M., Energy dispersive

xrf composition profiling using crystal collimated incident radiation,

Advances in X-Ray Analysis 23 , J. R. Rhodes, et al , Eds., 209-217 (1980).

8
21. Bowman, C. D. , Efficient neutron production using low-energy electron

beams, Nucl. Sci, Eng. 75 , 12-15 (1980).

Neutron production with an electron beam can be as energy efficient

with 10-MeV electrons as with the conventionally used 30- to 100-MeV

electrons.

22. Broadhurst, M. G. and Davis, G. T., Piezoelectricity and pyroel ectrici ty

in poly (vinyl idene fluoride), National Measurement Laboratory - 1979

Technical Highlights , NBS Spec. Publ . 572, 89-92 (April 1980) SN003-003-

02203-7, $4.25.

We present a general description of the molecular structure of PVDF,

show how a simple piezoelectric model was developed and successfully tested,

and describe the important consequences of this development.

23. Broadhurst, M. G. , Edelman, S. and Davis, G. T., Piezoelectric and pyroelectric applications of plastics. Organic Coatings and Plastics Chemistry

42 , 241-245 (American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1980).

Synthetic polymeric materials can have large and durable electric

dipole polarization. This polarization varies linearly with small

applied stresses such as electric fields, mechanical stress and temperature change, and this sensitivity renders them useful as piezoelectric

and pyroelectric transducers. That is, they can be used to provide an

analog electrical signal to monitor mechanical and thermal signals, and

inversely, can provide mechanical motion and changes in heat content in

response to applied electric fields.

9
24. Bullis, W. M. , Ed., Semiconductor technology program progress briefs,

NBSIR 79-1591-5, 1979 December, 16 p. Order from NTIS as PB 81-154122,

$5.00.

This report provides information on the current status of NBS work

on measurement technology for semiconductor materials, process control,

and devices. Highlighted activities include analysis of model spreading

resistance data, and gross leak testing.

25. Bullis, W. M., Ed., Semiconductor technology program progress briefs,

NBSIR 80-2006, 16 pages (Apr. 1980). Order from NTIS as PB 80-191521,

$5.00.

Highlighted activities include: analysis of spreading resistance

measurements, infrared detector materials, and gross leak testing.

26. Bullis, W. .M., Ed., Semiconductor technology program progress briefs,

NBSIR 80-2006-3, 1980 October, 12 p. Order from NTIS as PB 81-154106,

$5.00.

Highlighted activities include optical linewidth and thermal resistance measurements.

27. Bullis, W. M. , Ed., Semiconductor technology program progress briefs,

NBSIR 80-2006-4, 1980 December, 12 p. Order from NTIS as PB 81-158602,

$5.00.

10
Highlighted activities include spreading resistance measurements on

gallium arsenide, and the time dependence of acoustic emission from seal

cracks. Brief descriptions of the newly announced optical microscope

linewidth measurement standard and a random fault test structure are given.

28. Canada, T. R. and Carpenter, B. S., Eds., Measurement technology for

safeguards and materials control, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Spec. Publ

.

582, 769 pages (June 1980) SN003-003-02207-1 , $11.00.

This publication contains the proceedings of the American Nuclear

Society's Topical Conference entitled. Measurement Technology for Safeguards and Materials Control. The presentations were applications

oriented and included nondestructive assay techniques, inspection techniques, and integrated systems for materials measurements.

29. Cheng, Y.-T. and Garrett, D. A., Nuclear safeguard interrogation of waste

containers with resonant neutrons, Paper Summaries, 1980 ASNT Fall Con -

ference , 97-99 (American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Columbus, OH,

Oct. 1980).

A nuclear waste container is to be examined by a pencil neutron beam,

the NBS double fission ionization chamber will be used to detect the transmitted neutrons, and through the self-indication effect the isotopic content

in the waste will be identified.

11
30. Cook, K. V., Adler, L., Nanstad, R. K. and Golan, S., Measurement of

fatigue crack profile in steel using an ultrasonic diffraction technique,

Paper Summaries, 1980 ASNT Spring Conference , 142-148 (American Society

for Nondestructive Testing, Columbus, OH, March 1980).

The optimum angle for obtaining maximum amplitude from the diffracted

waves was verified by theoretical and experimental results. Both pulseecho and pitch-catch techniques were used.

31. Datta, S. K, and Ledbetter, H. M., Anisotropic elastic constants of a

fiber-reinforced boron-aluminum composite, Mechanics of Nondestructive

Testing , W. W. Stinchcomb, Ed., pp. 215-230 (Plenum, NY, 1980).

Elastic constants were measured and calculated for a laminated,

uniaxially fiber-reinforced boron-aluminum composite. Measurements were

by ultrasonic velocity and resonance methods. The random-distribution

model agrees best with observation, especially for off-diagonal elastic

constants.” Considering all nine elastic constants, observation and theory

differ on the average by six percent.

32. Duffy, M. T., Zanzucchi , P. J., Ham, W. E., Corboy, J. F. and Cullen, G. W.,

Semiconductor measurement technology: Method to determine the quality of

sapphire, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.) Spec. Publ. 400-62, 74 pages (Aug. 1980)

SN003 -003-02222- 5, $4.00.

Specular reflectance measurements were used in the quantitative characterization of sapphire and silicon surfaces. This measurement is sensitive to crystalline quality, polishing damage, and surface texture which

12
cause light-scattering effects. The reflectance methods are fast, nondestructive, and can be used for quality control and research purposes.

33. Eitzen, D. G. , Berger, H. and Birnbaum, G., A basis for traceable NDE

standards, Proc. DARPA/AFML Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestruc -

tive Evaluation , D. 0. Thompson and R. B. Thompson, Eds., Report AFWAL-TR80-4078, 586-589 (Air Force Wright Aeronautical Laboratories , Dayton, OH,

July 1980).

NBS is beginning to provide a mechanism for traceability for a number

of NDE measurement procedures, an activity that is expected to have a significant, positive impact on the reproducibil i ty and accuracy of NDE measurements. Much of the activity has been in ultrasonics and acoustic

emission, leading to calibration services for ultrasonic reference blocks

and ultrasonic and acoustic emission transducers. Additional NDE standards

are available or are being developed in radiography , eddy currents, magnetic

particles, liquid penetrants and visual testing.

34. Eitzen, D. G., Berger, H. and Birnbaum, G. , A basis for traceable NDE

measurements, NBSIR 80-2109, 17 pages (Dec. 1980). Order from NT I S as

PB 81-145757, $5.00.

See abstract for No. 33.

35. Ellingson, W. A., Berger, H., Three-dimensional radiographic imaging,

Research Techniques in Nondestructive Testing IV , R. S. Sharpe, Ed., 1-38

(Academic Press Inc., London, England, 1980).

13
The various three-dimensional imaging methods will be described,

with selected examples of NDT applications; also, the limitations of the

more developed methods with respect to in-plane and plane-to-plane resolution will be pointed out.

36. Escalante, E., Ito, S. and Cohen, M., Measuring the rate of corrosion of

reinforcing steel in concrete, NBSIR 80-2012, 44 pages (Mar. 1980). Order

from NT IS as PB 80-170848, $6.00.

The progress toward a nondestructive method for measuring the corrosion

of steel in concrete is reported. Several polarization techniques for

measuring the corrosion rate of steel in concrete are correlated to actual

weight loss measured gravimetrical ly. The design of a prototype automated

minicomputer system for measuring the corrosion of steel in concrete is

also described. Included are the results of a study on corrosion in motar.

37. Feldman, A., Waxier, R. M., Properties of crystalline materials for optics,

SPIE J. 204 , 68-76 (1980).

A tutorial review of refractive index, absorption, birefringence,

the electro-optic effect and the photoelastic effect in crystalline

materials is presented.

38. Feldman, A., Ed., Basic optical properties of material s--Summaries of

papers, Nat. Bur. Stand. (JJ.S.), Spec. Publ. 574, 252 pages (May 1980)

SN003 -003 -021 73-3, $6.50.

14
This Special Publication contains summaries of papers presented at

the Topical Conference on Basic Optical Properties of Materials held in

Gaithersburg, Maryland, on May 5-7, 1980. The principal topical areas are:

Nonlinear Optical Properties; Ultraviolet Properties; Infrared Properties;

Graded Index Materials; Inhomogeneous Materials; Properties of Thin Films;

Optical Fibers, Planar Optical Waveguides; External Inf luences--Piezo-optics

,

Thermo-optics, Magneto-optics.

39. Feldman, A. and White, G. , Optical nondestructive evaluation, Dimensi ons/

NBS 64 , No. 9, p. 22 (Nov. 1980).

NBS researchers have been performing both measurements and model

calculations of radiation scattered from well-defined shallow grooves in

metallic surfaces.

40. Fields, B. F. , Eddy current imaging system, Dimensions/NBS 64 , No. 1,

p. 18 (Jan. /Feb. 1980).

41. Fiori, C. E. and Newbury, D. E., Artifacts in energy dispersive x-ray

spectrometry in the scanning electron microscope (II)* Scanning Electron

Microscopy , pp. 251-258 (SEM Inc., Chicago, IL, 1980).

42. Fong, J. T. , Inservice data reporting standards for engineering reliability

and risk analysis. Nuclear Engineering and Design 60 , 159-161 (North

Holland Publishing Co., 1980).

The notion of an adequate data base is defined in terms of three

essential elements. It is then demonstrated that, an 'optimal* plan of

ir-
data reporting and some national or international standards for such reporting are desirable. A formula for estimating variabilities based on

a combination of inservice and failure data is proposed.

43. Fong, J. T., Dobbyn, R. C. and Mordfin, L., Eds., Critical materials and

fabrication issues for pressure vessels, piping, pumps, and valves, Nat.

Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Spec. Publ . 588, 112 pages (June 1980) SN003-003-

02215-2, $4.25.

Through an intensive series of meetings, presentations, and reviews,

twelve issues on the materials and fabrication aspects of technical problems

in the pressure vessels and piping industry were identified. The issues

include: On-line monitoring of critical components to improve reliability;

Upgrading welders' skill and educational level; Reliability of nondestructive

evaluation; Characterization of the subjective component of inservice data.

This report contains extended abstracts of the twelve issue papers and

summaries of reviewers' comments.

44. Garrett, D. A. and Bracher, D. A., Eds., Real-time radiologic imaging :

medical and industrial applications , ASTM Spec. Tech. Publ. 716, 352 pp.

(Oct. 1980).

Twenty-two papers cover the state of the art for both industrial and

medical applications of real-time radiologic imaging methods. Topics include fundamentals, detectors, standards and limits of image formation,

special applications, and computer-based systems.

16
45.

Garrett, D. A. and Stinebring, R. C., The use of x-ray and neutron

radiography to evaluate 1 i thium/iodine pacemaker batteries. Paper Sum -

maries, 1980 ASNT Fall Conference , 215-219 (American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Columbus, OH, Oct. 1980).

NBS has used neutron radiography for studying internal changes in

lithium/iodine batteries during accelerated discharge. Neutron radiographs were compared with x-ray radiographs and the results indicate that

the two techniques are complementary to each other.

46. Glinka, C. J., Prask, H. J. and Choi, C. S., Neutron diffraction and smallangle scattering as nondestructive probes of the microstructure of materials,

Mechanics of Nondestructive Testing , W. W. Stinchcomb, Ed., pp. 143-164

(Plenum Publ. Corp., New York, NY, 1980).

This article gives a brief introduction to small-angle and wide-angle

neutron scattering methods as they pertain to the nondestructive evaluation

of materials properties. Examples are presented which illustrate the

techniques discussed.

47. Golan, S. , Adler, L., Cook, K. V., Nanstad, R. K. and Bolland, T. K.,

Ultrasonic diffraction technique for characterization of fatigue cracks,

J. Nondestr. Eval . 1 , No. 1 , 11-19 (1980).

This paper describes an ultrasonic diffraction technique for characterizing fatigue cracks. The angular field of energy scattered from a

crack tip was computed. Using the theoretically predicted and experimentally verified optimum range of angles, we measured the crack profiles by

the ultrasonic diffraction technique. Ultrasonic measurements agreed very

17
well with direct destructive measurements. In addition, fatigue crack,

closure was detected and information on crack surfaces was obtained.

48. Golan, S. , Defect characterization and dimensioning of cracks in welds by

the ultrasonic diffraction method, NBSIR 8Q-1983, 26 pages (Mar. 1980).

Order from NTIS as PB 80-161755, $6.00.

The possibility of applying an ultrasonic diffraction method for

dimensioning of crack-like defects in welds was investigated. A feasibility

study was carried out and optimum test conditions were established using a

series of welded specimens with in-weld cracks.

49. Golan, S., Sizing of cracks with scattered ultrasonic waves, Ultrasonic

Materials Characterization , H. Berger and M. Linzer, Eds., NBS Spec. Publ

.

596, 29-36 (Nov. 1980) SN003-003-02264-1 , $11.00.

A method is described for calculating crack size from the time interval

between the arrival of a surface compression reference beam and a beam

scattered from the tip of the crack. Optimum measuring conditions have

been determined. Good agreement between direct and ultrasonic measurements

has been found.

50. Green, R. E., Jr., Ultrasonic measurement of residual stress, U1 trasonic

Materials Characterization , H. Berger and M. Linzer, Eds., NBS Spec. Publ.

596, 173-177 (Nov. 19801 SN003-003- 02264- 1 , $11.00.

18
General definitions of the various types of residual stresses are

presented as well as a discussion of acoustoelasticity. A brief historical

review of theoretical and experimental considerations for ultrasonic residual stress measurements follows. Finally, several problems and areas

where additional research may be fruitful are pointed out.

51. Harman, G. G., The use of acoustic emission to determine the integrity of

large hybrid packages, NBSIR 80-2055, 41 pp. (June 1980). Order from NT I S

.

The specific objectives included: development of an acoustic emission

detector sensitive to surface waves, but insensitive to vibration-induced

cable noise; development of a high-temperature open-package helium leak

test to observe marginal seal damage; and development of an acoustic

emission test for inspection of hybrid packages during high-temperature

thermal shock.

52. Higgins, F. P., Norton, S. J. and Linzer, M., Optical interferometric

visualization and computerized reconstruction of ultrasonic fields,

J. Acoust. Soc. Am, 68 , No. 4, 1169-1176 (Oct. 1980).

A unique scanning Michelson i nterferometric system has been implemented

for accurate measurement of the complex components of ultrasonic fields over

wide apertures. Amplitude and phase information from transducers and scattering objects was acquired over planes using both narrowband and wideband

insonification. Ultrasonic wavefronts at other planes and reconstruction of

the test objects were computed by means of a fast Fourier transform technique

19
53. Hsu, N. N. and Eitzen, D. G., Acoustic emission source characterization

through direct time-domain deconvolution, Proc. DARPA/AFML Review of

Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation , D. 0. Thompson and

R. B. Thompson, Eds., Report AFWAL-TR-80-4078, 81-84 (Air Force Wright

Aeronautical Laboratories, Dayton, OH, July 1980).

While acoustic emission signals contain potentially useful information

about the deformation source mechanisms of a structure under load, signal

processing techniques often fail to extract such information unambiguously.

The difficulty lies both in the inherent complexity of the deformation

mechanism and in the lack of understanding of the source mechanism, the

wave propagation details, and the physics of the sensor's mechanical -toelectrical conversion process.

54. Jerke, J. M., Ed., Semiconductor measurement technology: Accurate linewidth measurements on integrated-circui t photomasks, Nat. Bur. Stand.

(U.S.), Spec. Publ. 400-43, 166 pages (Feb. 1980) SN003- 003- 021 51 -2 , $5.00.

The progress of the NBS program to develop improved theory for accurate

linewidth measurements with optical microscopes, to develop primary linewidth

calibration on integrated-circuit photomasks, and to provide calibrated

measurement artifacts and measurement procedures to industry is discussed.

This report covers the initial period from September 1974 through December

1 976.

20
55. Kahn, A. H. and Spal , R. , AC magnetic fields in the vicinity of a crack

calculated by analytic and numerical methods, Proc. DARPA/AFML Review

of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation , D. 0. Thompson

and R. B. Thompson, Eds., Report AFWAL-TR-80-4Q78, 65-68 (Air Force

Wright Aeronautical Laboratories, Dayton, OH, July 1980).

We report calculations of the impedance of a long solenoid which

surrounds a cylinder of conducting material containing a radial surface

crack. The calculation is accomplished by two independent methods. The

results are displayed in graphical form giving the fractional changes of

the real and imaginary parts of the complex impedance induced by the

presence of the crack.

56. Kasdan, H. L., Linewidth measurement by diffraction pattern analysis,

NBS-G CR- 79-175, 159 pages (Apr. 1980). Order from NTIS as PB 80-199342,

$ 11 . 00 .

57. Kasen, M. B. , Mikesell, R. P. , Interim report on the significance of blunt

flaws in pipeline girth welds, Proc. Int. Conf, on Pipeline and Energy

Plant Piping, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, Nov. 10-13, 1980 , 329-336 (1980).

Experiments are being performed to determine if slag, porosity or arc

strikes are significant contributors to brittle fracture of pipeline girth

welds. Flaw significance is being assessed by determining the number of

cycles to crack initiation.

21
58. Kreider, K. G. and Sheahen, T. P., Use of infrared thermography for industrial heat balance calculations, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U Tech. Note

1129, 38 pages (July 1 980)_ SN0Q3-0Q3-Q221 6-1 , $2.75.

59. Kruger, J., Bertocci, U., Escalante, E. and Mullen, J. L., Development of

in-situ techniques for the detection and measurements of corrosion of

copper concentric neutrals in underground environments, NBSIR 80-2083,

136 pages (June 1980). Order from NTIS as PB 81-101800, $10.00.

This is a final report which collects all of the papers written for

the project.

60. Kuriyama, M. s Boettinger, W. J. and Burdette, H. E., X-ray residual stress

evaluation by an energy dispersive system, Accuracy in Powder Diffraction ,

S. Block and C. R. Hubbard, Eds., NBS Spec. Pub! . 567, pp. 479-487 (Feb.

1980) SN003-003-021 53-9, $9.00.

The energy of x-ray photons can be extended to considerably higher

values, permitting better penetration into materials. Improved quality

control of industrial components demands quantitative information concerning the stress distribution near cracks, and residual stress distributions

after cold working. These demands lead to the necessity of measuring residual strains in the interior of materials. With a little extra precaution on the divergence of an incoming x-ray beam and the opening of the

detector window, energy dispersive systems will respond to these demands.

Furthermore, the curve fitting of each diffraction peak will provide sufficient precision for the determination of strains in materials. The use

22
of these systems makes it possible to determine the strain tensor in

predetermined volumes i.n the interior of materials.

61. Kuriyama, M., Boettinger, W, J. and Burdette, H. E., Improved uses of

x-rays for nondestructive evaluation, National Measurement Laboratory -

1979 Technical Highlights , NBS Spec. Publ . 572, 110-112 (April 1980)

SN003-003-02203-7 , $4.25.

The report is in two parts: x-ray image magnification; and x-ray

residual stress evaluation in the interior of materials.

62. Kuriyama, M. , Boettinger, W. J. and Burdette, H. E., Basic limits in

real-time industrial radiographic systems, Real-Time Radiologic Imaging:

Medical and Industrial Applications , D. A. Garrett and D. A. Bracher, Eds.,

ASTM Spec. Tech. Publ. 716, 113-127^ (Oct. 1980).

In this paper, we discuss (1) collimation of primary radiation, including apparent size of sources, (2) monochromatic radiography to obtain

true signals, (3) resolution improvement by a magnification of X-ray images

before the radiation reaches the detecting (or viewing) system and, briefly,

(4) intensification of signals when crystal collimation is used.

63. Larrabee, R. D. and Blackburn, D. L., Theory and application of a nondestructive photovoltaic technique for the meaurement of resistivity

variations in circular semiconductor slices, Solid State Electron. 23 ,

No. 10, 1059-1068 (1980)..

23
64. Ledbetter, H. M., Dynamic elastic modulus, and internal friction in

fibrous composites, Nonmetal lie Materials and Composites at Low Temperatures ,

A. F. Clark, R. P. Reed, G. Hartwig, Eds., pp. 267-281 (Plenum, NY, 1979).

65. Ledbetter, H. M., Dynamic elastic modulus and internal friction in G-10CR

and G- 1 ICR fiberglass-cl oth-epoxy composites, Materials Studies for Magnetic Fusion Energy Applications at Low Temperatures - II , F. R. Fickett

and R. P. Reed, Eds., NBSIR 79-1609, pp. 437-451 (June 1979). Order from

NTIS as PB299288, $24.00.

66. Ledbetter, H. M., Frederick, N. V. and Austin, M. W., Elastic-constant

variability in stainless-steel 304, J. Appl . Phys. 51 , No. 1, 305-309

(Jan. 1980).

Variability of elastic constants in stainless-steel 304 was determined by measuring longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic velocities in

20 samples acquired randomly. Because of suprisingly small variations,

1% or less, the principal problem became measurement sensitivity and reproducibil ity. To overcome this problem, a high-resolution measurement

system was devised using general-purpose equipment augmented with a simple

impedance-transforming amplifier and an FET transmission gate. With this

system the often-reported troublesome transit-time correction disappeared.

67. Ledbetter, H. M., Anomalous 1 ow- temperature elastic-constant behavior in

Fe-1 3Cr-l 9Mn , Metal! . Trans. 1 1A, 543-544 (Mar. 1980).

24
68. Ledbetter, H. M., Room-temperature elastic constants and low- temperature

sound velocities for six nitrogen-alloyed austenitic stainless steels,

Metal 1 . Trans. A 1 1

A

, No. 6, 1067-1069 (June 1980).

Despite large composition differences, ul trasonic-veloci ty measurements in six ni trogen-strengthened stainless steels show that their

elastic constants differ only slightly except as affected by low- temperature

magnetic transitions.

69. Ledbetter, H. M., Sound velocities and elastic-constant averaging for

polycrystal 1 ine copper, J. Phys. D: Appl . Phys. 13 , 1879-1884 (1980).

This study deals with the relationship between single-crystal and

polycrystall ine elastic constants. For polycrystall ine copper, sound

velocities were measured within a 0.1% inaccuracy at T = 295 K. Comparison

with average values from twelve previous studies shows agreement within

0.2%. Amo'ng eight elastic-constant averaging methods, the Hershey-KronerEshelby method works best for copper. This averaging method predicts that

copper's polycrystalline and single-crystalline Debye temperatures differ

by about 9 K.

70. Lew, H. S., Fattal , S. G. and Hunt, B. J., Recommended guidelines for

safety inspection of construction of concrete ceding towers, NBSIR 80-1964,

s6 pages (Feb. 1980). Order from NTIS as PB 80-170525, $6.00.

25
As a result of the tower construction disaster at Willow Island,

West Virginia, the National Bureau of Standards developed guidelines for

safety evaluation of reinforced concrete shell cooling tower construction.

The guidelines highlight needed compliance inspection procedures. Major

regulatory provisions affecting inspections are summarized.

71. Linzer, M., Ed., Ultrasonic imaging 2 , Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4 (Academic Press, NY,

Jan., April, July, Oct. 1980).

This journal provides for original papers concerned with the development and application of ultrasonic techniques, with emphasis on medical

diagnosis. Papers deal with theoretical and experimental aspects of advanced methods and instrumentation for imaging, computerized tomography,

Doppler measurements, signal processing, pattern recognition, microscopy,

and measurements of ultrasonic parameters.

72. Loftus, T. P., Standardization of Iridium-192 gamma-ray sources in terms

of exposure, J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), 85 , No. 1, 19-25 (Jan. -Feb.

1980).

73. MacDonald, D. E., On determining stress in bolts ul trasonically, Proc

.

DARPA/AFML Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation ,

D. 0. Thompson and R. B. Thompson, Eds., Report AFWAL-TR-80-4078, 576-580

(Air Force Wright Aeronautical Laboratories, Dayton, OH, July 1980).

26
Several factors affecting the ultrasonic determination of stress

in bolts are examined, in order to help clarify existing problems with

the interpretation of certain experiments.

74. Mavrodineanu , R. and Baldwin, J. R. , Standard reference materials:

Metal -on-quartz filters as a standard reference material for spectrophotometry--SRM 2031 , Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Spec. Pub! . 260-68,

116 pages (Apr. 1980) SN003-003-021 67-9, $4.25.

75. McKinney, J. E., Davis, G. T. and Broadhurst, M. G. , Plasma poling of

poly(vi nyl idene fluoride): Piezo- and pyroelectric response, J . Appl

.

Phys. 51 , No. 3, 1676-1681 (Mar. 1980).

76. McKnight, R. H. and Hebner, R. E., Jr., X-Cal--A calibration system for

electrical measurement devices used with diagnostic x-ray units, NBSIR

80-2072, 75 pages (June 1980). Order from NTIS as PB 80-197478, $8.00.

The X-CAL high-voltage-divider calibration system was designed to calibrate

the direct and alternating voltage measurement capabilities of commercial

high voltage dividers used to characterize diagnostic x-ray units. In

addition, there is capability for determining the frequency response of

these dividers and for the calibration of the filament current and anode

current measurement features of specific commercially-available devices.

The calibration system combines in a single unit a range of capabilities

which allows calibration of a device under test to be accomplished with a

minimum of set up time.

27
77. Mordfin, L., Ed., NDE publications; 1978, NBSIR 80-2080., 22 pages

(June 19801. Order from NTIS as PB 81-197691, $5.00.

78. Mordfin, L, Reliability of nondestructive evaluation. Critical Materials

and Fabrication Issues for Pressure Vessels, Piping, Pumps, and Valves ,

J. T. Fong, R. C. Dobbyn and L. Mordfin, Eds., NBS Spec. Publ . 588, 55-58

(June 19801 SN0Q3-003-0221 5-2, $4.25.

Establishing the reliability of NDE systems is more critical than improvements in NDE systems that foster small but uncharacterized improvements in reliability. The reliability of an NDE system cannot be established

until the system is well characterized. This will require a methodology

that is based on standards, well-defined systems, rigorous procedures and

appropriate statistical analyses. Standardization of the newer NDE methods

must be pursued, and research to characterize the contribution of the NDE

inspector also merits high priority.

79. Mordfin, L., Payne, B. F. and Edelman, S., Enhanced reliability and reproducibility of measurements of machinery vibrations, Vibration Standards

and Current Techniques for Flexible Rotor Balancing (Proc. 6th Machinery

Dynamics Seminar), NRC No. 18899, pp. 4-1 to 4-22 (National Research

Council Canada, Ottawa, Sept. 1980).

Using vibration measurements to monitor the condition of machinery

offers several advantages over traditional methods of nondestructive

evaluation. This paper reviews some of the activities being carried out

at NBS in support of this measurement technology. NBS maintains a calibration service for vibration pickups and NBS studies on piezoelectric

28
polymer gages have pointed the. way toward enhanced reliability in

vibration monitoring applications.

80. Motz, J. W. and Danos, M., X-ray image information theory, National

Measurement Laboratory - 1979 Technical Highlights , NBS Spec. Publ . 572,

29-30 (April 1980) SN003-003-02203-7 , $4.25.

This study analyzes the dependence of image information content on

x-ray exposure. With the employment of image processing techniques and

modified x-ray spectra, it is possible to significantly reduce these exposures without loss of the visual image information.

81. Newbury, D. E., Myklebust, R. L, Heinrich, K. F. J. and Fiori, C. E.,

Specialist workshop on energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry , National

Bureau of Standards--Apr. 23-25, 1979, Scanning 3 , No. 1, 43-45 (1980).

Topics included advances in measuring the properties of solid state

energy dispersive x-ray detectors, windowless x-ray detectors, artifacts

in electron-excited energy dispersive spectra, and applications to x-ray

fluorescence.

82. Noyce, J. R., Standards for the assay of radionuclides of solid environmental samples, Proc. ASTM Conf. Effluent and Environmental Radiation

Surveillance, Johnson, VT, July 9-14, 1978 , Am. Soc. Test. Mater. Spec.

Tech. Publ. 698, pp. 309-326 (1980).

29
83. Nyyssonen, D., Calibration of optical systems for 1 inewidth measurements

on wafers. Semiconductor Microconductor Micro! ithography V 221 , 119-126

(Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, Bellingham, WA, 1980).

In the proposed approach for thin layers, a small number of etched

silicon-dioxide-on-silicon wafers can be used for calibration of a large

class of wafer materials. Examples of wafer calibration data for filar,

image-splitting and image-scanning systems are given. The problems

associated with accurate 1 inewidth measurement and calibration for thick

layers are also discussed.

84. Porter, 6., Nondestructive evaluation program announced, Dimensions/NBS 64 ,

No. 4, p. 19 (May/June 1980).

In an effort to improve NDT methods used in aerospace manufacturing

and to strengthen ties between private industry and government research,

NBS and the Martin Marietta Corporation have begun two 6-month cooperative

programs

.

85. Porter, G. , Neutron radiography used for inspecting jet engines, Dimensions/

NBS 64 , No. 10, p. 18 (Dec. 1980).

See abstract for No. 3.

30
86. Prosen, E. J., Microcalorimetry and its applications, HUS Pub! ication

(FDA) 80-8126, Radiological Health , pp. 147-153, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC, 1980.

The technique of microcalorimetry is illustrated briefly by the

use of the NBS microcalorimeter for the determination of self-discharge

of cardiac pacemaker batteries.

87. Prosen, E. J. and Colbert, J. C., A microcalorimeter for measuring selfdischarge of pacemakers and pacemaker power cells, J. Res. Nat. Bur.

Stand. (U.S.), 85 , No. 3, 193-203 (May- June 1980).

The self-discharge heat losses of cardiac pacemaker power cells and

pacemakers were investigated by microcal orimetry. Results were obtained

with small alkaline, mercury and lithium-iodine batteries under opencircuit and external load conditions. Results obtained with "complete pacemakers" are also reported.

88. Rubin, A. I., Ed., Lighting issues in the 1980's, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.),

Spec. Publ . 587, 175 pages (July 1980) SN003-003-02218-7, $5.50.

The issues include: Factors Affecting Human Activities in the Built

Environment; Establishment of Illuminance Levels; and Professional Development and Lighting Education.

31
89.

Ruff, A. W., Debris analysis, of erosive and abrasive wear, Proc. Int.

Conf. on the Fundamentals of Tribology, Massachussetts Institute of

Technology, Cambridge, MA, June 19-22, 1978 , pp. 877-885 (1980).

Debris particles have been recovered from dry abrasion and erosion

studies of AISI 10.15 steel specimens. The size and morphology of the

debris particles have been related to the wrok surface topography.

90. Ruff, A. W. and Blau, P. J., Studies of microscopic aspects of wear

processes in metals, NBSIR 80-2058, 79 pages (June 1980). Order from

NTIS as PB 80-208077, $8.00.

Wear experiments have been conducted in copper alloys and steels

under dry sliding conditions in order to study the microscopic aspects

of wear and the mechanisms involved. Wear debris particles have been

recovered from the tests and compared in morphological characteristics

between the materials. Micro-hardness measurements have also been made.

91. Ruthberg, S. , A rapid cycle method for gross leak testing with the helium

leak detector, ‘Proc. 1980 30th Electronic Components Conf., San Francisco ,

CA, Apr, 28-30, 1980 , pp. 128-134 (Institute of Electrickl and Electronics

Engineers, New York, NY, 1980).

A new noncontaminating, dry gas, quantitative test method has been

developed that permits gross leak measurements on hermetic packages. It

provides rapid testing with a helium leak detector over the leak size

32 '
range of less than 1 x 10“° to more than 1 atm*cm3 /s with a test gas of

^1% helium.

92. Sawyer, D. E. and Kessler, H. K. , Laser scanning of solar cells for the

display of cell operating characteristics and detection of cell defects,

IEEE Trans. Electron. Dev. ED-27 , No. 4, 864-872 (Apr. 1980).

A new optical scanning technique was developed to map solar-cell

operation over the cell area and reveal several types of cell defects.

The technique allows one to detect potentially harmful cracks with a

sensitivity greater than any other optical technique reported previously,

and it permits one to locate regions of poor metallization. It has also

been used to determine efficacy of cell design and to study cell degradation processes. The scanning technique is nondamaging; it requires no

electrical contacts to the cell other than those already present.

93. Scfirack, R. A., Behrens, J. W. and Bowman, C. D. , Nuclear fuel assay using

resonance neutrons. National Measurement Laboratory - 1979 Technical

Highlights , NBS Spec. Publ. 572, 108-109 (April 1980) SN003-003-02203-7

,

$4.25.

NBS is developing a technique that will produce images similar to

the familiar x-ray image, that will show the distribution of any isotope

desired. Using neutrons generated by the NBS linear accelerator, this

technique--resonance neutron radi ography--provi des a unique tool for determining both distribution and content of any sample. The technique is

being developed as a reference standard measurement system for the NBS

Nuclear Technology Program.

33
94. Schrack, R. A., Behrens, J. W. and Bowman, C. D., Nuclear fuel assay

using resonance neutrons, Dimensions/NBS 64 , No. 4, 21-23 (May/June 1980).

See abstract for No. 93.

95. Shawker, T. A., Parks, S. I., Linzer, M., Jones, B., Lester, L. A. and

Hubbard, V. S., Amplitude analysis of pancreatic B-scans: a clinical

evaluation of cystic fibrosis, Ultrasonic Imaging 2 , No. 1, 55-66 (Jan. 1980

Ultrasonic B-scan images of the pancreatic parenchyma were numerically

analyzed. The dependence of the numerical values on the B-scan imaging

mode, transducer properties, dynamic range compression curve, and operator

scanning technique is discussed.

96. Shingleton, J. G., Cassel , D. E. and McCabe, M. E., Computer modeling of

air leakage in a solar air heating system, Proc. 2d Annual Systems Simu -

lation and Economic Analysis Conf . , San Diego, CA, Jan. 23-25, 1980,

SERI/TP-351-131 , pp. 265-271 (U.S. Department of Energy/Solar Energy

Research Institute, Golden, CO, 1980).

97. Shorten, F. J., Ed., NBS Reactor: Summary of activities July 1978 to

June 1979, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Tech. Note 1117, 236 pages (Apr. 1980)

SN003-003-021 70-9, $6.00.

This report summarizes all those programs which depend on the NBS

reactor. It covers the period form July 1978 through June 1979. The

programs range from the use of neutron beams to study the structure of

materials to neutron radiography and nondestructive evaluations.

34
98. Silberstein, S., Air leakage measurements of an unpartitioned mobile

home, NBSIR 80-2105, 27 pages (Aug. 1980). Order from NTIS as PB 80-

226707, $6.00.

Air exchange rates of an unpartitioned mobile home were measured using

SFs tracer in an environmental chamber.

99. Smith, C. , Putting it all together; Alaskan pipeline weld criteria,

Dimensi ons/NBS 64 , No. 9, 2-5 (Nov. 1980).

100. Swartzendruber , L. J., Ives, L. K. , Free, G. M. and Mehrabian, R.,

Nondestructive evaluation of non-uniformities in aluminum alloy plate,

Paper Summaries, 1980 ASNT Fall Conference , 39-42 (American Society

for Nondestructive Testing, Columbus, OH, Oct. 1980).

101. Swartzendruber, L., Boettinger, W., Ives, L., Coriell, S., Ballard, D.,

Laughlin, D. , Clough, R., Bi ancaniel lo, F., Blau, P., Cahn, J., Mehrabian,

R. , Free, G. , Berger, H. and Mordfin, L., NBS: nondestructive evaluation

of nonuniformities in 2219 aluminum alloy plate - relationship to processing, NBSIR 80-2069, 235 pages (Dec. 1980). Order from NTIS.

The compositional homogeneity, microstructure, hardness, electrical

conductivity and mechanical properties of 2219 aluminum alloy plates are

influenced by the process variables during casting, rolling and thermomechanical treatment. These relationships have been investigated for

deviations caused by improper quenching after solution heat treatment.

Primary emphasis has been placed on the reliability of eddy current

electrical conductivity and hardness as NDE tools to detect variations

in mechanical properties.
102.

Thomson, R. M. , Understanding materials reliability - the mechanisms of

fracture, Proc. DARPA/AFML Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive

Evaluation , D. 0. Thompson and R. B. Thompson, Eds., Report AFWAL-TR-80-4078

I

159-166 (Air Force Wright Aeronautical Laboratories, Dayton, OH, July 1980).

For the benefit of the NDE community, a personal view will be given of

the current status of our understanding of materials fracture. The implications for NDE are on two levels: (1) new insight generated by fundamental

advances in the science of materials reliability will lead to new NDE tools;

and (2) NDE techniques can and should be applied to further the fundamental

understanding of reliability.

103.

Treado, S. J., Thermal resistance measurements of a built-up roof system,

NBSIR 80-2100, 28 pages (Oct. 1980). Order from NTIS as PB 81-140063,

$6.50.

This. report describes a technique for making in-place measurements

of thermal resistance. This technique utilizes a combination of infrared

thermographic imaging, surface heat-flow meters, and surface thermopiles.

Roof thermal resistance determinations performed according to this measurement procedure are found to be very accurate.

104.

Wadley, H. N. G., Feasibility of crack growth characterization in a plate

geometry. Report AERE-G1846, 16 pp. (U.K. Atomic Energy Authority, Harwell,

England, Oct. 1980)

.

36
The possibility has developed of uniquely characterising deformation and crack growth processes by analysis of their acoustic emission

signals. This report examines the source characteristics that potentially

could be deduced and discusses some of the technological limitations. It

is concluded that a plate experiment is certainly a feasible proposition

provided adequate transducers can be developed.

105. Yin, L. I., Trombka, J. I. and Seltzer, S. M., A small rugged imaging

x-ray spectrometer: A Lixiscope with good energy resolution, Nucl

.

Instrum. Methods 172 , 471-477 (1980).

A new prototype Lixiscope (Low Intensity X-ray Imaging Scope) is

described for operation in the 20-200 keV region. In addition to good

spatial resolution, the new prototype is capable of providing simultaneous

gamma-ray or x-ray single-photon counting, imaging and energy resolution.

These characteristics make the new prototype a compact and rugged device

suited for possible low-flux imaging applications.

106. Yin, L. I., Trombka, J. I. and Seltzer, S. M., New position-sensitive

hard x-ray specttometer, Rev. Sci . Instrum. 51 , No. 6, 844-845 (June 1980).

See abstract for No. 105.

107. Yonemura, G. T. , Rinalducci, E. J., Tibbott, R. L. and Fogelgren, L. A.,

Equal apparent conspicuity contours with five-bar grating stimuli,

NBSIR 79-1925, 38 pages (May 1980). Order from NTIS as PB 80-199292, $6.00.

37
The report discusses the results of laboratory studies on equal

conspicuity (contrast) contours using as the test stimuli five-bar grating

patterns, with the results of other experiments in this series conducted

by NBS.

108. Young, R. D. , Vorburger, T. V. and Teague, E. C., In-process and on-line

measurements of surface finish, CIRP Ann. 29 , No. 1, 435-440 (Aug. 1980).

It is expected that optical techniques will be used increasingly for

measurements of surface roughness because these techniques are inherently

fast and three-dimensional. Four optical techniques are discussed and

evaluated.

38
Inservice inspection, 9, 42, 43, 79.

Integrated circuits (see Electronic applications).

Internal fruction, 53.

Iron, 18.

Laminagraphy , 11, 35.

Laser scanning, 92.

Leak testing, 17, 24, 25, 51, 91, 96, 98.

Linewidth measurements, 26,27, 54, 56, 83.

Lixiscope, 105, 106.

Machinery, 13, 79.

Magnetic testing, 9, 12, 16, 17, 33, 34.

Medical applications, 1, 42, 44, 45, 71, 76, 80, 86, 87, 95, 105, 106.

Mi crocalorimetry (see Calorimetry).

Microscopy, 90.

acoustic, 71.

electron, 41, 89.

opti cal , 27 , 54.

Mi crostructural characteriztion, 46, 53, 97, 100, 101.

Military applications, 3, 85.

Mortar, 36.

Neutron

detection, 6, 8, 29.

diffraction, 46, 97.

radiography (see Radiography),

scattering, 46.

sources, 6, 21.

Nondestructive assay, 7, 8, 28, 29, 82, 93, 94.

Nuclear applications, 7, 10, 11, 28, 42, 93, 94, 97.

On-line monitoring (see Condition monitoring).

Opti cal

properties. 37, 38.

testing, 12, 16, 17, 26, 27, 32, 39, 54, 56, 63, 74, 83, 90, 92 , 108.

Pattern recognition, 10, 71.

Penetrant testing, 12, 16, 17, 33, 34.

Photoelasticity, 37.

Photomasks (see Electronic applications).

Photovoltaic testing, 63.

Piezoelectric polymers, 22, 23, 75, 79.

Pipelines, 57, 99.

Polyvinylidene difluoride (see Piezoelectric polymers).

Pressure vessels, 43.

Productivity, 13, 108.

Pumps, 43.

Quality assurance, 32, 82.

40
Inservice inspection, 9, 42, 43, 79.

Integrated circuits (see Electronic applications).

Internal fruction, 53.

Iron, 18.

Laminagraphy , 11, 35.

Laser scanning, 92.

Leak testing, 17, 24, 25, 51, 91, 96, 98.

Linewidth measurements, 26,27, 54, 56, 83.

Lixiscope, 105, 106.

Machinery, 13, 79.

Magnetic testing, 9, 12, 16, 17, 33, 34.

Medical applications, 1, 42, 44, 45, 71, 76, 80, 86, 87, 95, 105, 106.

Mi crocalorimetry (see Calorimetry)

.

Microscopy, 90.

acoustic, 71.

electron, 41, 89.

optical, 27, 54.

Mi crostructural characteriztion, 46, 53, 97, 100, 101.

Military applications, 3, 85.

Mortar, 36.

Neutron

detection, 6, 8, 29.

diffraction, 46, 97.

radiography (see Radiography)

.

scattering, 46.

sources , 6, 21

.

Nondestructive assay, 7, 8, 28, 29, 82, 93, 94.

Nuclear applications, 7, 10, 11, 28, 42, 93, 94, 97.

On-line monitoring (see Condition monitoring).

Optical

properties, 37, 38.

testing, 12, 16, 17, 26, 27, 32, 39, 54, 56, 63, 74, 83, 90, 92, 108.

Pattern recognition, 10, 71.

Penetrant testing, 12, 16, 17, 33, 34.

Photoelasticity, 37.

Photomasks (see Electronic applications).

Photovoltaic testing, 63.

Piezoelectric polymers, 22, 23, 75, 79.

Pipelines, 57, 99.

Polyvinyl idene difluoride (see Piezoelectric polymers).

Pressure vessels, 43.

Productivity, 13, 108.

Pumps, 43.

Quality assurance, 32, 82.

40
Radiography , 12, 13, 16, 17, 33-35, 45, 72, 76, 80, 99.

neutron, 3, 6-8, 11, 21, 45, 85, 93, 94, 97.

real-time, 44, 61, 62, 105, 106.

Rail, 9.

Reliability of NDE, 42, 43, 78, 79.

Residual stress, 14, 46, 50, 60, 61, 73.

Resistivity (see Conductivity).

Resonance neutrons, 6-8, 29, 93, 94.

Resonance testing, 31, 64, 65.

Rolling, 101.

Safety, 70, 76.

Sapphire, 32.

Semiconductor (see Electronic applications).

Signal processing, 13, 53, 71.

Silicon, 24-26, 32.

Silver, 8.

Solar cells, 92, 96.

Standards, 10, 16, 33, 34, 42, 70, 72, 74, 78, 79, 82.

Steel, 30, 36, 89, 90.

stainless, 53, 66-68.

Strength measurement, 100, 101.

Stress (see Residual stress).

Surface roughness, 32, 39, 108.

Thermal testing (also see Thermography, Calorimetry), 103.

Thermography , 58, 103.

Tomography, 13, 29, 35, 71.

Towers, 70.

Transducers, 2, 5, 23, 33, 34, 40, 52, 79, 104.

Transistors (see Electronic applications).

U1 trasohi

c

attenuation, 14.

diffraction, 30, 47, 48.

imaging (see Imaging),

interferometry, 4, 52.

scattering, 49, 52.

testing, 1, 9, 12-14, 16, 17, 30, 33, 34, 47-49, 52, 71, 95.

velocity, 4, 14, 31, 50, 64-69, 73.

Valves, 43.

Vibration testing (also see Resonance testing), 51, 79.

Visual testing, 12, 16, 33, 34, 88, 107.

Wear debris analysis, 89, 90.

Welds and welding, 43, 48, 57, 99.

X-ray

detection, 41, 44, 61, 81.

diffraction, 20, 60, 61.

fluorescence, 20, 28, 81.

radiography (see Radiography),

spectrometry, 81.

41 •
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Publications which are available from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS) , 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161, should

be ordered by the "PB," "AD," "COM," or NBS publication number. An order

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to change. Contact NTIS for prices for microfiche.

Publications sold by the Superintendent of Documents are sometimes permitted to go out of print. For this reason, NBS publications which are .designated for sale by the Superintendent of Documents are routinely also entered

into the NTIS. Readers are advised to inquire from the NTIS for publications

no longer available from the Superintendent of Documents.

Papers published in Dimensions, in the Journal of Research, or in non-NBS

media are often available from the author, from the publishers, or from a technical library in your area. For further information write to the Office of

Nondestructive Evaluation, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC 20234.

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BIBU&GRAPHIC DATA

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1. PUBLICATION OR

REPORT NO.

NBSIR 81-2364

2. Performing Organ. Report No^ 3. Publication Date

October 1981

4 . TITLE AND SUBTITLE

NDE Publications: 1980

5. AUTHOR(S)

Leonard Mordfin, editor

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NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20234

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8. Type of Report & Period Covered

1980 Publications List

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Document describes a computer program; SF-185, FIPS Software Summary, is attached.

11. ABSTRACT (A 200-word or less factual summary of most significant information. If document includes a si gnifi cant

bibliography or literature survey, mention it here)

This is the fourth in a series of bibliographies of NBS publications on non- destructive evaluation (NDE). It provides bibliographic citations, with selected

abstracts, for 108 publications that appeared in the literature, primarily during

calendar year 1980. A detailed subject index is included as well as information

on how copies of many of the publications may be obtained.

12. KEY WORDS (Six to twelve entries; alphabetical order; capitalize only proper names; and seporate key words by semicolon s) abstracts; acoustic emission; bi bl iographv; eddy currents- indpy- Ip^l *octinn- magnetic testing; National Bureau of Stanaards nondeltfucYi ve eval uation ? 1 9 ’ publications; radiography; ultrasonics.

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