P. 1


# RCRA Box 321 Prepped by Ryan Dugan



## Document

Number: 

# 222)OGRC-S0016. G Docket Number: 

# F-93-OGRC-FFFF F

Printed 5/8/2007 3:36:32 PM

Sheet 222 of 259P. 2 

## OGRC-SOOKb/S r
Reques tb y Wast e Crud e Oi l Reclaimer s Septembe r18 , 199 0 Pag e -36 -

Appendi x F . TH

E IOC C DRAF T REPORTP. 3 

# OG>^C.-Sooik.<S INTERSTAT E OI L COMPAC TCOMMISSIO N HEADQUARTER S OFFICE ; 90 0 N.E.23R 0 STREE T•P.O.BOX5312 7 •OKLAHOM A CITY . OKLAHOM A 73152-312 7 fc TELEPHONE : (405 ) 525-35S 6
MIK E SULLIVA N Chairma n Governo ro f

Wyomin g W . TIMOTH Y DOW D Executive Directo r Addraa * Hapl y t o Headquarter * OHic e


## MEMORANDU

M Augus t 31 , 199 0 TO : Counci l Member s FROM : Jerr yR . Simmons C£st/iris f SUBJECT : Fina l Repor t ' / Enclose d yo u wil l fin d th e fina l versio n o f th e Council' s report . Th e Augus t 26-2 8 Counci l meeting i n Oklahoma Cit ydetermine d fina l changes . I hav e enclose d a reprin t o f th e ful l repor t (excluding fron t en

d page s an

d appendixe s fo r you r information) . A s agree d a t th e Bismarc k meeting , i f yo u hav e mad e comment s o n th e tex t o f th e repor t an d the yar e no t include d i n thi s fina l version , yo u hav e unti l th e clos e o f busines s Septembe r 2 4 t o submi t a minorit yrepor t t o m e a t th e IOC C headquarter s office. ' W e hav e don e a veryquic k proofreadin g o f th e repor t an d as k tha t yo u infor

m m e ASA P o f an

ytype-o' s o r othe r correction s yo u find . Than k yo u fo r you r time .

MIMetf t aTATI S AUIAM A•ALA8K A . ARIZON A - «»«»»« ••CALIFORNI A . COLORAO O . ILUINOI a . INOIAN A . KANIA I . ««NTUCK Y LOUiaiAN A . HADYLAN O . MICH.OA N . Ml»al»»l~ l •MONTAN A •XIUAtK A . NCVAO A . N«V » MtXIC O . MI WTOR R •NO.t H DAKOTA . OHI O OKLAHOM A . PCNN»VLVANI A •aOOT M OAKOTA . TtXA B . UTA H . V1ROINI A •W«a TVIROINI A . WYOMIH O A*aOCIATIS : OIOROI A . IDAH O . MOUT H CAROLIN A . ORISO N . aOUT M CAROLIN A - WA»HINOTO NP. 4



### SECTIO N 1 INTRODUCTIO N 1. 1 Backgroun d Th e Interstat e Oi l Compac t Commissio n (IOCC) i s th e organizatio n o fth e governor

s o fth e 29 oi l an d gas producin g states . Th e IOCC ha s bee n assistin g state s i n developin g thei roi l an d gas regulator yprogram s sinc e 1935
. Mor

e tha n 9 9 percen t o

fth e oi l an d gas produce d i n th e Unite d States onshor e i s produce d withi n th e border

s o f an d i s regulate d b

ymembe rstate s o

fth e IOCC
. I n recen t years , wit h th e creatio n o f a n environmenta l affair

s committee , th e IOCC ha s becom e increasingl yinvolve d i n environmenta l issues relate d t o oi l an d gas production
. 1.2 EPA' s Regulator

y Determinatio n fo rE&P Waste s Th e federa l government' s increasin g interest i n environmenta l an d potentia l huma n healt h impacts associate d wit h exploratio n an d productio n o fcrud e oi l an d natura l gas aros e fro m a two-yea rstud yo f exploratio n an d productio n (E&P) waste s an d thei rassociate d wast e managemen t practice s b yth e U.S
. Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y(EPA ) i n 198 6 an d 1987
. Th e results o fthat stud ywer

e documente d i n a Decembe r1987 Repor t t o Congres s (EP

A1987) , whic h wa s require d by198 0 amendment

s t o th e federa l Resource Conservatio n an d Recover yAc t (RCRA)
. Based o n th e finding s o f th e Repor

t t o Congres s an d o n ora l an d writte n comments receive d durin g publi chearing s i n th e sprin g o f1988 , EP

A o n Jun e 30 , 1988 , decide d no t t o recommen d federa l regulatio n o fE& P waste s as hazardou s waste s unde rSubtitl e C o

f RCR A(EP A1988)
. Th e Agenc

ygav e th e followin g reason s fo rit s determination : a . 'Subtitl e C doe s not provid e sufficien t flexibilityt o conside rcost s an d avoi d th e seriou s economi c impact s that regulatio n woul d create fo rth e industry' s exploratio n an d productio n operations ; b
. 'Existin g stat e an d federa l regulator yprogram s ar

e generall yadequat e fo rcontrollin g oil , ga s an d geotherma l wastes . Regulator ygap s i n th e Clea n Wate rAc t an d UI C [Undergroun d Injectio n Control ] progra m are alread ybein g addressed , an d th e remainin g gap s i n state an d federa l regulator y program s ca n b e effectivel yaddresse d b yformulatin g requirements unde rSubtitl e D o fRCR Aan d b y workin g wit h th e States ; c . 'Permittin g delays woul d hinde rne wfacilities , disruptin g th e searc h fo rne woi l an d gas deposits ; d
. "Subtitl e C regulatio n o f thes e waste s coul d severel ystrai n existin g Subtitl e C facilitycapacity ; e . 'I t is impractica l an d inefficien t t o implemen t Subtitl e C fo ral l o rsom e o f thes e waste s becaus e o fth e disruptio n and , i n som e cases , duplicatio n o f state authoritie s that administe rprogram s throug h organizationa l structure s tailore d t o th e oi l an d gas industry ; an d f
. 'I t i s impractica l an d inefficien t t o implemen t Subtitl e C fo ral l o rsom e ofthes e waste s becaus e o f th e permittin g burde n that th e regulator yagencie s woul d incu ri f eve n a smal l percentag e o fthes e site s were considere d Treatment , Storag e an d Disposa l Facilitie s (TSDFs). " (53 Federa l Registe r25456
. Jul y 6 , 1988) , I n th e determination , EP

A foun d that 'existin g state an d federa l regulation s ar e generall yadequate . . . Certai n regulator

ygap s d o exist an d enforcemen t o fexistin g regulatio n i n som e state s i s inadequate. ' T o addres s thos e concerns , EP Aannounce d a three-pronge d approac h that consists of :P. 5

• 'Improvin g federa l program s unde rexistin g statutoryauthoritie s i n RCR ASubtitl e D , th e Clea n Wate r Act , an d th e Saf e Drinkin g Wate rAct ;

• "Workin g wit h state s t o encourag e improvement s i n th e states ' regulation s an d enforcemen t o fexistin g programs , an d

• "Workin g wit h Congres s t o develo p an yadditiona l statutoryauthorit ytha t ma yb e required. " 1. 3 lOCC' s Counci l o n Regulator y Need s IOC C forme d a Counci l o n RegulatoryNeed s i n January198 9 t o assis t EP Awit h th e secon d pron g o fth e agency' s approac h fo rE& P wastes . Funde d b ya two-year , $300,00 0 gran t fro m EPA , th e Counci l i s comprise d o f 1 2 stat e regulatoryagenc ymembers
. Th e Counci l i s supporte d i n it s effort s b ya nin e membe radvisor ycommittee , o f who m thre e represen t stat e regulatoryagencies , thre e represen t industry , an d thre e represen t public-interest/environmenta l groups . Th e Counci l i s assiste d b yfiv e representative s o f EPA , tw o fro m th e U.S
. Departmen t o fEnergy , an d tw o fro m industry , wh o ac t a s officia l observers
. Governor s Georg e Sinne ro f Nort h Dakot a an d Garre yCarruther s o fNe wMexic o ar e co-chair s o fth e Council
. I n 1989 , th e Counci l me t i n February , Jun e an d December
. A n organizationa l meetin g o fth e Council wa s hel d i n February
. 198 9 i n Denver , Colorado
. At tha t meeting , a committe e structur e wa s forme d wit h th e Technica l Committe e consistin g o fthre e subcommittees ; Pits , Land , an d Commercial , an d th e Administrativ e Committe e consistin g o ffou rsubcommittees ; Personne l an d Resources , Organizatio n an d Coordination , Statutor yAuthority , an d Stat e an d Federa l Relations
. At th e Counci l meetin g i n June , 1989 , i n Reno , Nevada , th e Technica l Subcommittee s submitte d initial criteri a fo rdiscussio n b yth e ful l Council
. Th e Administrativ e Committee s presente d thei rfirs t draf t report s t o th e Counci l a t it s meetin g i n Tuisa , Oklahom a i n Decembe r1989
. I n earl y1990 , th e separat e committe e report s wer e revise d an d combine d int o a singl e document
. Thi s documen t wa s presente d a s a draf t fina l report a t th e June , 199 0 IOC C meetin g i n Bismarck , Nort h Dakota
. Durin g th e summe ro f 1990 , th e draf t report wa s circulate d t o ove r30 0 intereste d partie s fo r revie wan d comment. 1 I n August , 1990 , fina l change s wer e mad e t o th e documen t s o tha t th e Counci l coul d presen t it s fina l repor t a t th e December , 199 0 IOC C meetin g i n Phoenix
. Arizona
. Th e purpos e o f th e Counci l i s t o recommen d effectiv e regulations , guidelines , and/o rstandard s fo rstate leve l managemen t o f oi l an d ga s productio n waste s (IOC C 1989)
. EP Aha s concurre d i n thi s purpose , statin g that"..
. IOC C I s leadin g a n effort..
. tha t wil l use.. . informatio n gathere d b yEPAt o develo p IOC C guideline s fo rstat e of l an d ga s wast e managemen t regulations ' (Lowranc e 1989)
. Th e technica l an d administrativ e criteri a proffere d b yth e Council o n RegulatoryNeed s wil l b e publishe d an d disseminate d t o th e state s a s example s o fth e rang e o f'elements ' necessaryfo reffectiv e stat e regulatory program s fo r E& P wastes . Th e criteri a b ythemselve s ar e no t intende d t o for m th e sol e basi s o fan y future federa l statutor yo rregulatoryauthoritie s tha t ma yb e sough t b yEP Afo roi l an d ga s productio n wastes . 1. 4 Implementatio n Strateg y a . Thi s repor t represent s lOCC' s initia l effort t o hel p th e state s an d EPAimprov e E& P wast e managemen t programs . Thi s report :

1 Ma/ V list and comments

are available

upon request.P. 6

- Demonstrate s th e commitmen t o fth e governor s o foi l an d ga s producin g states , EPA , stat e agencies , environmenta l group s an d industryt o wor k togethe rfo renvironmenta l chang e an d improvements ;

- Serve s a s a mode l fo rfutur e effort s an d substantiate s lOCC' s positio n a s a n appropriat e foru m t o develo p comprehensiv e approache s t o multifacete d an d comple xoi l an d ga s relate d environmenta l issues ; an d

- Establishe s a baselin e o f performanc e tha t ca n b e use d fo rbot h th e administrativ e an d technica l aspect s o f E& P wast e managemen t Thi s baselin e i s usefu l t o federa l an d stat e regulators , legislators , an d oi l an d ga s operators . b
. T o achiev e successfu l implementation , th e Counci l recommend s th e followin g strategy :

- Secur e grant s an d encourag e individua l state s t o provid e adequat e fundin g fo rimplementatio n of followu p recommendation s an d continue d activ e participatio n o fai l affecte d parties
.

- Communicat e th e criteri a ofthi s report t o EPA , stat e agencies , operators , an d othe rintereste d partie s throug h direc t contact , a t E& P wast e managemen t conference s an d symposia , i n a serie s o f one-da yworkshop s hoste d b ystat e agencie s an d involvin g regiona l EPAoffices , stat e an d triba l agencies , oi l an d ga s operators , trad e associations , environmenta l groups , an d throug h othe r mechanism s a s ma yb e appropriate
.

- Continu e t o buil d consensu s an d improv e thi s document
. T o thi s end , IOC C plan s t o widel y circulat e i t t o federa l agencie s (EPA , DOE , DOI) , stat e oi l an d ga s agencies , stat e environmenta l agencies , nationa l an d regiona l trad e associations , an d othe rintereste d partie s seekin g endorsemen t o rqualifie d endorsemen t Th e Council furtherrecommend s updatin g thi s documen t everythre e years . Th e Counci l als o recommend s update s includ e statu s report s fro m participatin g state s tha t address , (1 ) progres s o fth e state s i n usin g an d implementin g th e report' s criteria, an d (2 ) an yunresolve d o rne wissues
.
• Us e thi s documen t a s a basi s fo rconductin g IOC C coordinate d review s o fstat e E& P wast e managemen t program s an d a s a basi s fo rrevie wo ffedera l agenc yprograms . Team s o fsenio r stat e regulatorypersonne l shoul d visi t agencie s an d revie wprogram s usin g thi s documen t a s a baselin e o f performanc e an d fo rmakin g recommendation s fo rimprovement
.
• Us e IOC C a s a clearinghous e fo rchange s an d revision s t o stat e an d federa l regulatoryan d legislativ e programs .

- Pursu e improvement s i n dat a management , wast e characterization , an d othe rarea s identifie d i n Sectio n 6 o f thi s report . 1. 5 Summar y o fState k Program s A s par t o f th e Council' s effort , a revie wo fstat e E& P waste s program s wa s undertaken
. Aquestionnair e wa s develope d an d sen t t o al l oi l an d ga s producin g states . Th e stat e progra m summarie s containe d I n Appendi xB t o thes e criteri a wer e base d o n response s t o tha t questionnaire , an d o n informatio n containe d i n Appendi x3 o f th e EP AReport t o Congress , an d lOCC' s Summaryo fStat e Regulations
. Th e state s provide d update d informatio n fo rth e reprin t o fEPA' s Appendi x3
. Th e summarie s ar e presente d i n alphabetica l order
.P. 7



### SECTIO N 2 SCOP E O F TH E CRITERI A 2. 1 Genera l a . IOC C criteri a addres s waste managemen t practices that are uniqu e t o E& P operation s an d wastes that were determine d b

y EP A t o be exemp

t fro m th e hazardou s wast e managemen t requirements o f Subtitl e C o

fRCRA. These narrowl y defined wastes includ e drillin g mud s an d cuttings , produce d wate r an d associate d waste . Wastes tha t are uniformly regulate d by RCR A hazardou s waste managemen t requirements a s wel l a s genera l industria l waste s suc h a s solvents , off-specificatio n chemicals , commercia l products , househol d wastes an d office refuse are no t addresse d b

y thes e criteria . b . Thes e criteri a d o no t addres s disposa l o

fproduce d wate rb

y injectio n o rsurface discharg e - waste managemen t practices that are regulated b y EP A o r b y th e states unde r authorit y o fth e federa l Saf

e Drinkin g Wate r Ac

t an d federa l Gea n Wate r Act , respectively. 1 Brie fdescription s o

fth e regulator

y framework

s authorize d b

y those law

s follo wi n Sectio n 2. 2 an d 2.3 . Disposa l o fproduce d wate r i n pits . b y lan d applicatio n o ra

t commercia l disposa l facilities i s addresse d i n th e technica l criteri a o fSection s 5 . c i n additio n t o a revie wo fprovision s o

fth e Saf

e Drinkin g Wate ran d Clea n Wate rActs tha t are applicabl e t o E& P wastes , thi s sectio n als o contain s definition s o fsoli d waste s an d hazardou s wastes , review s EPA' s waste mixtur

e rule , list s examples o

fexempt an d nonexempt E& P wastes , an d describe s genera l requirements fo rth e managemen t o fnonexemp

t wastes . 2. 2 Clas s I I Injectio n Well s Th e Saf e Drinkin g Wate r Ac

t establishes a specia l clas s (Clas s II ) o finjectio n well s use d fo rth e dispositio n o foil-fiel d fluids . Injectio n well s i n thi s class are used fo r E& P wast e disposal , enhance d oi l recover y and , i n som e cases , storag e o fliqui d hydrocarbons . Class I I undergroun d injectio n contro l (UIC ) program s ar e administere d directl y b y th e states throug h primac y delegate d by EPA o r b y EPA I n state s tha

t hav e no t sough t o r obtaine d primac y fo r th e UI C program . Som e state s hav e negotiate d primacy agreement s wit h EPA an d i n retur n hav e received authorizatio n an d federa l fundin g fo r progra m implementatio n conditiona l upo n meetin g minimu m EP A standards . Primac

y agreements , whic h may b e amende d wit h approva l fro m th e EPA , largel y dictate wha t ca n b e injecte d i n Clas s I I wells . Th e EPA determine s whic h waste s ca n b e injecte d i n Clas s I I well s i n nonprimac y states . Amon g th e minimu m requirements fo rClass I I well s are : a . Onl y approve d E& P waste s ma y b e injected . b . N o wel l ma y endange r a n Undergroun d Source o fDrinkin g Wate r (USDW) . ^Nearly 21 billion

barrels of

produced

water - or 98 percent of all E&P wastes - were generated

in the U.S. in 1985, according

to American

Petroleum

Institute

(API) figures cited by EPA (EPA 1987). Most of that produced

water was disposed

by injection, with

much smaller volumes

discharged

to surface waters or disposed

In pits, by land application

or at commercial disposal facilities. Drilling

wastes (I.e., drilling

fluids and cuttings)

accounted

for about two percent of all E&P wastes generated

in 1985, totaling

361 million

barrels, according

to API (EPA 1987).P. 8



### c . Unless permitte d b

yrule , al l well s mus

t b e permitte d befor

e construction
. d
. Al l well s must demonstrate mechanica l integrit ya t leas t onc e ever

yfive years . EP Aconducte d a comprehensiv e revie wo f th e UI C progra m i n 1989
. IOCC wil l revie wEPA's fina l recommendation s fo rpossibl e future inclusio n i n it s waste disposa l criteria
. 2. 3 NPDES-Permitted Discharge s Al l point-sourc e discharge s of pollutants t o surface water s o f th e Unite d State s mus

t compl ywit h th e requirements o

f permits issue d unde rth e Nationa l Pollutan t Discharg e Eliminatio n Syste m (NPDES)
. Th e NPDE S progra m i s administere d byEP Aunde rth e authorit

yofth e federa l Clea n Wate rAc t o rb yth e state s throug h program s delegate d b yEPA
. NPDE S permits establis h effluen t limitation s an d monitorin g requirements fo rdischarges
. Effluen t limit s ar e base d upo n th e more stringen t o flevel s whic h ca n b e achieve d throug h th e us e o f availabl e technolog yan d level s necessar yt o mee t EPA-approve d state wate r qualitystandards
. Th e Clea n Wate rAc t require s NPDE S permits fo rE& P wast e discharge s t o surface water . Currentl yeffluen t guideline s preven t an ydischarg e t o surface water s except i n th e followin g categories : a . Discharge s t o coasta l areas containin g brackis h water s not suitabl e fo rhuma n use ; b
. Discharge s o

f lowsalinit

yproduce d water

s whic h ar

e o fbeneficia l us e i n ari d region s wes t o fth e 98t h meridian ; an d c . Discharge s fro m strippe roi l wells
. 2. 4 Definitio n o

fSoli d Wast

e a . I n simplest terms , a soli d waste i s an ymateria l that i s discarde d o rintende d t o b e discarded
. Accordin g t o RCRA, soli d waste s ma yb e solid , semi-solid , liquid , o rcontaine d gaseou s material
. Commercia l product s ar

e not waste s unless an d unti l the yar e discarded
. Commercia l product s an d thei rrelease s are regulate d unde rothe rstatutes ' suc h as th e Federa l Insecticide , Fungicid e an d Rodenticid e Ac

t (FIFRA) , th e Toxi cSubstance s Contro l Ac t (TSCA) , Superfun d Amendments an d Reauthorizatio n Ac

t (SARA) , an d th e Occupationa l Safet yan d Healt h Ac

t (OSHA)
. ' b
. EP A ha s als o determine d that produce d wate rinjecte d fo renhance d recovery 2 

### i s not a waste fo r purpose s of RCR

ASubtitl e C o rD , since produce d wate ruse d i n enhance d recover yI s beneficiall y recycle d an d i s a n integra l par t o f som e crud e oi l an d natura l ga s productio n processes . 2. 5 Hazardou s Wast

e Under RCRA

, a soli d waste ma

yb e designate d as hazardou s wast e i f i t i s specificall yliste d as a hazardou s wast

e o ri f i t exhibits on e o rmor e o fth e characteristics o

f hazardou s wastes . (See 40 CFR 261)
. Enhanced

recovery

describes

all efforts to increase ultimate production

of oil and gas from a reservoir, and this terminology

will be considered

to encompass

other nomenclature

in common

usage such as pressure maintenance, secondary recovery, and

tertiary recovery. All

enhanced

recovery techniques

include methods for supplementing

natural reservoir

forces and energy, or

otherwise

increasing

ultimate recovery. Such techniques

include water injection, gas

injection, gas

cycling, and

miscible chemicals

and thermal processes.P. 9



### 2.5. 1 Liste

d Hazardou s Wast

e a . EP A has liste d numerou s type s o rclasse s o f soli d waste s a s hazardou s waste because they typicall yexhibi t on e o rmore o fth e characteristics o

fhazardou s waste , o rhav e bee n show n t o excee d certai n huma n toxicitycriteria , o rcontai n an yon e o f mor e tha n 350 chemica l compound s o rsubstance s that ar e liste d a s hazardou s constituents
. (40 CF R 26 1 Ap p VIII. ) b
. EPA' s regulation s contai n fou rlist s o fhazardou s wastes : (1 ) hazardou s waste fro m nonspecifi c sources , (2) hazardou s waste fro m specifi csources , (3 ) commercia l chemica l products that becom e acutel yhazardou s wast e whe n disposed , an d (4 ) commercia l chemica l product s that becom e toxi cwaste s whe n disposed
. 2.5. 2 Characteristicall y Hazardou s Wast e a . EP Aconsider

s an ywaste t o b e a hazardou s wast e i fi t exhibit s an yon e o fth e characteristics o f ignitability , corrosivity , reactivity , o rtoxicity
. b
. EP Aha s expande d th e toxicitycategor y(toxicitycharacteristi c(TC)) , an d adopte d a revise d laborator yprocedure (toxicitycharacteristi cleachin g procedure (TCLP))
. 2. 6 EPA' s Mixtur

e Rul e EPA' s RCR

Aregulation s provid e that th e comminglin g o f an yliste d hazardou s wast e wit h a nonhazardou s wast e render

s th e entire mixture a hazardou s waste . Th e inten t o fthi s mixtur

e rul e i s t o preven t avoidance o

f hazardou s wast e regulation s throug h dilution
. Fo rexample , discardin g a liste d hazardou s wast e (e.g. , a half-empt

ycontaine ro

fa liste d solvent) i n a reserv e pi t woul d caus e th e otherwis e exemp t pi t content s t o becom e a hazardou s wast e an d resul t i n th e expensive closin g o f th e reserv

e pi t unde r RCR Ahazardou s wast e regulations
. Also , unuse d commercia l product s shoul d not b e dispose d wit h oil fiel d wastes . Al l reasonabl e efforts shoul d b e mad e t o completel yus e commercia l products , retur n the m t o thei rvendo ri f the yar e no t full yused , o rsegregate the m fro m othe rwaste s fo rmanagement an d disposal
. 2. 7 EPA's Lis

t o fExemp t Exploratio n an d Productio n Wastes EPA' s determinatio n foun d that th e followin g waste s are exempt fro m RCR Ahazardou s waste managemen t requirements
. Th e list belowidentifie s man ybu t no t al l exempt wastes . I n general , E&P exempt waste s are generate d i n 'primar yfiel d operations' , an d no t a s a resul t o fmaintenance o r transportatio n activities
. (53 F R 25453-25454)

• "Produce d wate r

• "Drillin g fluids

• "Dril l Cutting s
• "Rlgwas h

• "Drillin g fluid s an d cutting s fro m offshore operation s dispose d of onshore
• "Wel l completion , treatment , an d stimulatio n fluids

• "Basi csedimen t an d wate ran d othe rtan k bottom s fro m storag e facilitie s that hol d produc t an d exemp

t wast e 6P.1 0



### • "Accumulate d material s suc h a s hydrocarbons , solids , sand , an d emulsio n fro m productio n separators , fluid treatin g vessels , an d productio n impoundments
• "Pi t sludge s an d contaminate d bottom s fro m storag e o rdisposa l o f exemp t waste s
• "Workove rwaste s
• 'Ga s plan t dehydratio n wastes , includin g glycol-base d compounds , glyco l filters , filte rmedia , backwash , an d molecula rsieves
• 'Ga s plan t sweetenin g waste s fo rsulfu rremoval , includin g amine , amin e filters , amin e filte rmedia , backwash , precipitate d amin e sludge , iro n sponge , an d hydroge n sulfid e scrubbe rliqui d an d sludg e
• 'Coolin g towe rblowdow n
• "Spen t filters , filte rmedia , an d backwas h (assumin g th e filte ritsel fi s not hazardou s an d th e residu e i n i t i s fro m a n exempt wast e stream )

• "Packin g fluids

• "Produce d san d

• "Pip e scale , hydrocarbo n solids , hydrates , an d othe rdeposit s remove d fro m pipin g an d equipmen t prio rt o transportatio n
• "Hydrocarbon-bearin g soi l

• "Piggin g waste s fro m gatherin g line s
• "Wastes fro m subsurface gas storag e an d retrieval , except fo rth e liste d nonexempt wastes
• "Constituents remove d fro m produce d wate rbefore i t i s injecte d o rotherwis e dispose d o f

• "Liqui d hydrocarbon s remove d fro m th e productio n strea m bu t not fro m oi l refinin g
• "Gases remove d fro m th e productio n stream , suc h as hydroge n sulfid e an d carbo n dioxide , an d volatilize d hydrocarbon s
• "Material s ejecte d fro m a producin g wel l durin g th e proces s know n as blowdow n
• "Wast e crude o D fro m primar

yfiel d operation s an d productio n an d

• "Ligh t organic s volatilize d fro m exempt waste s i n reserv e pit s o rimpoundments o rproductio n equipment " 2. 8 EPA' s Lis

t o fNonexemp

t Exploratio n an d Productio n Waste s EPA' s regulator

ydeterminatio n (53 FR 25453-25454) fo rexploratio n an d productio n waste s liste d th e followin g waste s a s nonexempt . Th e list belowidentifie s man ybu t not al l nonexempt wastes . Manyo f thes e waste s are generate d durin g maintenance o fproductio n equipmen t a s wel l as transportatio n (pipelin e an d trucking ) activities
. Whil e th e followin g waste s are nonexempt , thei rregulator ystatu s a

s "hazardou s wastes ' i s dependen t upo n a determinatio n ofthei rcharacteristics o rwhethe rthe yar e liste d as hazardou s waste . Nonexempt waste s shoul d b e manage d a s describe d unde rSectio n 2.9
.P.1 1



### • "Unuse d fracturin g fluids o racid s
• "Ga s plan t coolin g towe rcleanin g wastes
• "Paintin g waste s
• "O H an d ga s service compan ywastes , suc h a s empt ydrums , dru m rinsate , vacuu m truc k rinsate , sandblast media , paintin g wastes , spen t solvents , spille d chemicals , an d waste acid s
• "Vacuu m truc k

an d dru m rinsate fro m truck s an d drum s transportin g o rcontainin g nonexempt wast e

• "Refiner

ywaste s
• "Liqui d an d soli d waste s generate d bycrud e oi l an d tan k botto m reclaimer

s
• "Use d equipmen t lubricatio n oil s
• "Wast e compresso roil , filters , an d blowdow n
• "Use d hydrauli cfluids

• "Wast e solvents
• "Wast e i n transportatio n pipeline-relate d pit s
• "Causti co raci d cleaner s
• "Boile rcleanin g waste s
• "Boile rrefractor

ybrick s
• "Incinerato ras h

• "Laborator

ywaste s
• "Sanitar

ywaste s
• "Pesticid e waste s
• "Radioactive trace rwaste s
• "Drums, insulation , an d miscellaneou s solids ' EP A di d no t specificall yaddres s i n it s regulator ydeterminatio n th e statu s ofsevera l wast e stream s includin g hydrocarbon-bearin g materia l tha t i s recycle d o rreclaime d byreinjectio n int o a crud e stream . However, unde rexistin g EP Aregulations , recycle d oil , eve n i f i t wer e otherwis e hazardous , coul d b e reintroduce d int o th e crud e stream , i fi t I s fro m norma l operation s an d i s t o b e refine d alon g wit h norma l proces s stream s at a petroleu m refiner yfacility
. See 4

0 CFR §261: 6 (a)(3)(vi)
. 2. 9 Requirements fo r Nonexemp t Waste s a . EPA' s hazardou s wast e regulations , includin g th e toxicitycharacteristi c(TC), ma yappl yt o nonexempt wast e generator

s at E& P sites
. 8P.1 2

b . Nonexempt waste s shoul d be teste d wheneve r there i s reaso n t o believ e they ma

y exhibi t on e o rmore o fth e hazardou s waste characteristics . Althoug h there i s n o requiremen t that a nonexempt wast e b e teste d t o determin e i

fit I s hazardous , civi l an d crimina l penalties ma y be impose d i

fth e wast e i s no

t manage d i n a saf

e manner , an d accordin g t o regulations . c . Dependin g o n actua l hazardou s waste volum e generated , stored o r manage d onsite , RCR A hazardou s waste requirements fo rtreatment , storage , o r disposa l o rcorrectiv e actio n ma

y apply . d . Nonexempt waste shoul d als o b e segregated wheneve r possibl e fro m exempt waste . I fth e nonexempt waste were a listed hazardou s waste , EPA' s mixtur e rul e woul d mak

e th e entir

e commingle d wast e strea m subjec

t t o stringen t RCR

A Subtitl e C requirements , includin g th e requiremen t that th e waste b e dispose d at a hazardou s waste facility . Whe n segregatio n i s no t practical , th e nonexempt wast e shoul d b e examine d closel y t o assur e tha t it i s no t a hazardou s waste . e . Som e states hav

e adopte d hazardou s waste regulation s whic h diffe r fro m thos e that EP A has promulgated . Whil e differen t i n man y specifi c areas , thos e state programs , b y law , stil l mus

t b e a t least a s stringen t a s th e federa l programs .P.1 3

SECTIO N 3

• GENERA L CRITERI A ! i • 3. 1 Genera l A n effectiv e progra m fo rth e regulatio n o fE& P waste s shoul d include , a t a minimum : a . statutoryauthorit ywhic h adequatel ydetail s th e power s an d dutie s o fth e regulatorybody ; b
. statutoryauthorit yt o promulgat e appropriat e rule s an d regulations ; cstatute s an d implementin g regulation s whic h adequatel ydefin e necessaryterminology ; d
. provision s t o adequatel yfun d an d staffth e program ; e . mechanism s fo rcoordinatio n amon g th e public , governmen t agencie s an d regulate d industry ; an d f
. technica l criteri a fo rE& P wast e managemen t practices
. 3. 2 Goal s A n effectiv e stat e progra m shoul d contai n a clea rstatemen t o fth e program' s goal s an d objectives
. Suc h goals shoul d include , at . a minimum , protectin g huma n healt h an d th e environmen t fro m th e mismanagemen t o f E& P waste s whP e maintainin g a n economicall yviabl e oi l an d ga s industryan d encouragin g wast e minimizatio n a s a mean s ofachievin g suc h a goal
. 3. 3 State/Regiona l Variation s i n Criteri a Thes e criteri a ar e intende d t o provid e guidanc e t o th e state s i n th e formulation , developmen t an d evaluatio n o f oi l an d ga s environmenta l regulatoryprograms . Fundamenta l difference s exis t fro m stat e t o state , an d withi n region s withi n a state , i n term s o fclimate , hydrology , geology , economic s an d metho d o f operatio n whic h ma yimpac t o n th e manne ri n whic h oi l an d ga s exploration , developmen t an d productio n i s performed
. Stat e oi l an d ga s program s can , an d should , var yfro m stat e t o stat e an d withi n portion s o f a state . Th e proces s b ywhic h thes e criteri a ar e incorporate d int o stat e program s i s a functio n o fan d withi n th e discretio n o f th e responsibl e stat e agency . I t I s recognize d tha t stat e program s mus t var yi n orde rt o accommodat e difference s i n climate , hydrology , geology , economics , an d metho d o foperatio n o rt o accommodat e individua l difference s i n stat e administrativ e procedure s o rlaw
. Furthermore , I n som e instances , i n orde rt o accommodat e regional, areal , o rindividua l difference s withi n a state , I t I s appropriat e fo r site-specifi cwaiver s o rvariance s t o b e allowe d fo rgoo d caus e shown
. Al l suc h variation s shoul d b e consisten t wit h th e goal s o fSectio n 3.2
.

1 0P. M



### SECTIO N 4 ADMINISTRATIV E CRITERI A
4. 1 Basi c Requirement s Variou s federa l regulation s applicabl e t o th e delegatio n t o state s o ffedera l environmenta l program s provide d th e Council wit h a usefu l framewor k fo rth e developmen t o fcriteri a fo ra n effectiv e stat e program . Suc h a progra m fo rE& P wast e should , a t a minimum , includ e provision s fo rpermitting , complianc e evaluation , an d enforcemen t 4.1. 1 Permittin g Astat e mus t hav e a regulatorymechanis m t o assur e tha t waste s generate d durin g oi l an d ga s E& P operation s ar e manage d i n a n environmentall yresponsibl e manner . Aprogra m t o achiev e tha t objectiv e mayrel yo n on e o rmor e mechanisms , includin g issuanc e o findividua l permits , issuanc e o f permit s b yrule , establishmen t o fregulatoryrequirement s b yrule , issuanc e o fgenera l permits , registratio n o f facilities , and/o rnotificatio n o fcertai n activitie s undertake n pursuan t t o genera l regulations
. Th e regulatin g stat e agencie s shoul d hav e authorit yt o refus e t o issu e o rreissu e permit s o rauthorization s i f th e applican t ha s outstanding , finall ydetermine d violation s o runpai d penalties , o ri f a historyo f pas t violation s demonstrate s th e applicant' s unwillingnes s o rInabilit yt o compl ywit h permi t requirements
. Individua l permit s fo rspecifi cfacilitie s o roperation s shoul d b e issue d fo rfixe d terms . I n th e cas e o fcommercia l o rcentralize d facilities , permits generall yshoul d b e reviewed , an d revise d i fnecessary , n o les s frequentl ytha n everyfiv e years . ! Wher e simila r requirement s ar e mandate d b ytw o o rmor e regulator yprograms , thos e requirement s shoul d b e combine d wher e feasible
. Th e proces s fo robtainin g permit s shoul d als o involv e promp t consideratio n an d respons e t o permi t applications , whil e preservin g th e integrit yofth e permi t revie wprocess , includin g appropriat e publi cparticipation
. 4.1. 2 Complianc e Evaluatio n 4.1.2. 1 Stat e program s generall yshoul d contai n th e followin g complianc e evaluatio n capabilities : i a . Procedure s fo rth e receip t evaluation , retention , an d investigatio n fo rpossibl e enforcemen t actio n o f al l notice s an d report s require d o fpermittee s an d othe rregulate d persons . Investigatio n fo rpossibl e enforcemen t actio n shoul d includ e determinatio n o ffailur e t o submi t thes e notice s an d reports . b
. Inspectio n an d surveillanc e procedure s tha t ar e independen t o finformatio n supplie d b y regulate d person s t o determin e complianc e wit h progra m requirements , including : (1 ) th e capabilit yt o mak e comprehensiv e survey s o ffacilitie s an d activitie s subjec t t o regulatio n i n orde rt o identif ya failur e t o compl ywit h progra m requirement s b y responsibl e parties ; (2 ) th e capabilit yt o conduc t periodi cinspection s o fregulate d facilitie s an d activitie s at a frequenc ytha t i s commensurat e wit h th e risk t o th e environmen t tha t i s presente d b yeac h facilit yo ractivity ; an d (3 ) th e authorit yt o investigat e informatio n obtaine d regardin g violation s o fapplicabl e progra m an d permi t requirements
. 1 1P.1 5

c . Procedure s t o receiv e an d assur e properconsideratio n o finformatio n submitte d b yth e publi c abou t allege d violation s an d fo rencouragin g th e publi ct o report perceive d violations
. Suc h procedure s shoul d no t onl yinvolv e communication s wit h th e publi ct o appris e i t ofth e proces s t o b e followe d i n filin g report s o rcomplaints , bu t als o ho wth e stat e agenc ywil l assur e a n appropriat e an d timel yresponse . d
. Authorit yt o ente ran yregulate d sit e o rpremise s wher e E& P activitie s ar e bein g conducte d an d location s i n whic h record s relevan t t o progra m operatio n ar e kep t i n orde rt o inspect , monitor , cop yrecord s o rotherwis e investigat e complianc e wit h permi t condition s an d othe rprogra m requirements
. e . Investigatoryprocedure s tha t wil l produc e a n appropriat e pape rtrai l i n suppor t o f evidenc e admissibl e i n a n enforcemen t proceeding
. 4.1.2. 2 A n effectiv e stat e progra m shoul d provid e tha t a stat e permi t doe s no t reliev e th e operato ro fth e obligatio n t o compl ywit h federal , loca l o rothe rstat e permit s o rregulatoryrequirements
. 4.1. 3 Enforcemen t 4.1.3. 1 Wit h respec t t o violation s o f th e stat e program , th e stat e agenc yshoul d hav e th e authorit yt o tak e som e o ral l o f th e followin g enforcemen t actions 1 : a . Issu e a notic e o f violatio n wit h a complianc e schedule ; b
. Restrai n immediatel yan d effectivel yan yperso n b yorde ro rb ysui t i n stat e cour t fro m engagin g i n an yimpendin g o rcontinuin g unauthorize d activit ywhic h i s causin g o rma ycaus e damag e t o publi chealt h o rth e environment ; c . Establis h th e identit yo f emergenc ycondition s whic h pos e a n imminen t an d substantia l huma n healt h o renvironmenta l hazar d tha t woul d warran t entr yan d immediat e correctiv e actio n b yth e stat e agenc yafte rreasonabl e effort s t o notif yth e operato rhav e failed ; d
. Su e o rcaus e sui t t o b e brough t i n court s o fcompeten t jurisdictio n t o enjoi n an yImpendin g o r continuin g violatio n o f an yprogra m requirement , includin g an ypermi t condition , withou t th e necessit yo f a prio rrevocatio n o fth e permit ; e . Require b y administrativ e orde ro rsui t i n stat e court , tha t appropriat e actio n b e undertake n t o correc t an yhar m t o publi chealt h an d th e environmen t tha t ma yhav e resulte d fro m a violatio n o f an y progra m requiremen t includin g bu t no t limite d t o establishmen t o fcomplianc e schedules ; f
. Revoke , modif yo rsuspen d an ypermi t upo n a determinatio n b yth e stat e agenc ytha t th e permitte e ha s violate d th e term s an d condition s o fth e permit , faile d t o pa ya n assesse d penalty , o ruse d fals e o rmisleadin g informatio n o rfrau d t o obtai n th e permit ; o r

1 / n some states, enforcement

remedies

include authorities

to cause cessation

of production

or transportation of product, and/or

seizure of illegal product 1 2P.1 6

g . Asses s administrativ e penaltie s o rsee k i n cour t civi l penaltie s o rcrimina l sanctions , includin g fine s and/o rimprisonment
. h
. Forfeitur e o f financia l assuranc e instruments
. 4.1.3. 2 j State s shoul d conside rguideline s fo rcalculation s ofpenaltie s tha t includ e factor s suc h a s th e economi cbenefi t resultin g fro m th e violation , willfulness , har m t o th e environmen t an d th e public , har m t o wildlife , fis h o raquati clif e o rthei rhabita t expense s incurre d b yth e stat e i n removing , correctin g o rterminatin g th e effect s o fth e unauthorize d activity , conservatio n o fth e resource , timelines s o f correctiv e action , notificatio n o fappropriat e authority , an d historyofviolations
. Benefit s o f guideline s fo rcalculatio n o fpenaltie s includ e consistenc yi n th e assessmen t o fpenaltie s an d developmen t o f readil ydefensibl e assessments . Penaltie s shoul d b e suc h tha t a n operato r doe s no t benefi t financiall yfro m unlawfu l conduc t an d shoul d provid e complianc e incentiv e t o othe roperators . State s shoul d evaluat e thei renforcemen t option s an d policie s t o assur e tha t th e ful l rang e o f action s availabl e ar e effectivel yused
. 4.1.3. 3 Th e right t o appea l o rsee k administrativ e and/o rjudicia l revie wo fagenc yactio n shoul d b e availabl e t o an yperso n havin g a n interes t whic h i s o rma yb e adversel yaffected , o rwh o i s aggrieve d b yan ysuc h action
. < 4. 2 Additiona l Progra m Requirement s Beyon d basi crequirements , a n effectiv e stat e progra m shoul d als o includ e som e o ral l o fa variet yo f othe radministrativ e requirement s tha t ar e discusse d below
. 4.2. 1 Contingenc yPlannin g Th e stat e agenc yshoul d hav e authorit yt o requir e a n operato rt o compl ywit h a genera l contingenc ypla n approve d b yth e stat e agency , o rindependentl yprepar e an d maintai n a contingenc ypla n fo rwast e releas e preventio n an d control
. Suc h a pla n shoul d describ e th e action s whic h th e operato rwil l tak e t o preven t an d respon d t o spill s an d accidenta l releases , includin g provision s fo rnotification , remedia l action , training , name s o fIndividual s t o b e contacte d i n th e even t o f a n incident , an d othe rrequirement s simila rt o thos e containe d I n Spil l Preventio n Contro l an d Countermeasur e plans unde rth e federa l Clea n Wate rAct' s oi l spil l preventio n provision
. ' 4.2. 2 Publi c Participatio n 4.2.2. 1 Stat e program " legislatio n o rregulation s shoul d requir e tha t th e affecte d publi cb e provide d wit h adequat e notic e o f th e agency' s intentio n t o issu e a permi t tha t addresse s E& P wast e management . Th e publi cshoul d b e provide d wit h a n appropriat e opportunit yt o commen t o n a permi t prio rt o issuance
. Whereve rpossible , thi s notic e shoul d b e coordinate d wit h th e notic e requirement s o f othe rconcurrentl yapplicabl e stat e o rfedera l programs . Fo rcommercia l o rcentralize d disposa l facilities , th e operato rshoul d als o b e require d t o provid e writte n notic e t o adjacen t lan d owner s o f recor d fo rsuc h are a an d i n suc h manne ra s ma yb e prescribe d b yth e stat e agency . Agenc y 1 3P.1 7

record s relate d t o thi s progra m shoul d generall yb e availabl e fo rrevie wb yth e public
. Wher e Informatio n submitte d b ya n operato ri s ofa 'confidentia l business ' nature , a n agenc yshoul d hav e procedure s fo rsegregatin g tha t informatio n an d protectin g i t fro m disclosure
. I n al l cases , spil l an d violatio n record s shoul d b e availabl e t o th e public
. Agencie s shoul d establis h a minimu m recordkeepin g tim e perio d o fthre e years whic h shoul d b e automaticall yextende d whil e an y unresolve d enforcemen t actio n regardin g th e regulate d activit yi s pending
. 4.2.2. 2 State s shoul d provid e fo rth e disseminatio n o fprogra m informatio n t o th e regulate d industryan d th e public
. Suc h effort s shoul d b e par t o fa n on-goin g proces s throug h whic h informatio n i s exchange d i n a n ope n forum
. Becaus e E& P wast e managemen t requirement s ar e undergoin g numerou s changes , state s hav e th e obligatio n t o infor m th e regulate d industr yan d th e publi cof changes
. Industryassociation s mayprovid e a convenien t an d effectiv e mechanis m fo r disseminatio n o f information
. State s shoul d activel ymak e us e o fseminars , newsletters , specia l mailings, associatio n committees , incentiv e program s an d othe rmechanisms
. 4.2.2. 3 State s shoul d us e advisorygroup s ofindustry , governmen t an d publi crepresentative s t o obtai n inpu t an d feedbac k

o n th e effectivenes s ofstat e program s fo rth e managemen t o f E& P wastes . Provisio n shoul d b e mad e fo reducatio n o rtrainin g a s i s appropriat e t o giv e suc h advisorygroup s a soun d basi s fo rprovidin g inpu t an d feedback
. 4.2. 3 Financia l Assuranc e Al l state s shoul d develo p a financia l assuranc e progra m t o provid e resource s t o th e stat e t o clos e o rremediat e a sit e shoul d a n operato rfai l t o mee t it s obligation s unde rth e law
. Mos t state s hav e financia l assuranc e programs , althoug h the yvarywidel yi n th e specifi cactivit ycovered , th e typ e o f assuranc e allowed , th e amoun t o fassuranc e required , an d th e mechanis m fo rforfeitur e o fth e financia l instalmen t State s shoul d evaluat e th e activitie s tha t nee d t o b e covere d b yfinancia l assurance . Som e state s requir e financia l assuranc e fo rinactiv e wells , som e fo rdrillin g and/o rplugging , som e fo rwast e disposa l facilities , an d som e fo rth e lif e o fth e well
. Som e state s requir e performanc e bond s an d som e state s requir e pena l bonds
. State s shoul d conside rcombinin g thei rfinancia l assuranc e requirement s t o allo wa singl e instrumen t t o provid e coverag e fo ra n operator' s variou s activities
. State s shoul d determin e th e types o ffinancia l assurance s tha t wil l provid e reliabl e monetary resource s t o th e state . Type s o ffinancia l assuranc e includ e suret ybonds , self-bonding , letter s o f credit , certificate s o f deposi t cash , federal , state , o rmunicipa l bonds , an d othe rform s o fcollateral
. Som e state s accep t a nonrefundabl e fe e t o b e pai d int o th e wel l pluggin g fun d I n lie u o fa bond
. Som e state s allo wphase d payment s ofcollatera l int o a fun d s o tha t smal l operator s ca n develo p a collatera l bon d ove ra specifie d perio d o ftime
. State s shoul d conside rthos e financia l assuranc e option s whic h facilitat e a n operator' s complianc e wit h bondin g requirements
. Fo rexample , i n additio n t o singl e wel l bonds , man ystate s allo wblanke t bonds
. Thi s allow s operator s t o assur e tha t a n establishe d minimu m leve l offinancia l assuranc e i s provide d withou t th e commitmen t o fa n unnecessaryamoun t o f operatin g funds
. State s shoul d periodicall yrevie wth e amoun t o fassuranc e require d t o determin e i fth e amoun t I s adequat e t o provid e incentiv e fo rprope rpluggin g o fa wel l an d reclamatio n o fa site , an d t o assur e prope rmanagemen t o f E& P wastes . 1 4P.1 8



### States shoul d develo p appropriate procedure s t o acces s a h operator' s financia l assurance whe n th e operato rdoe s no

t mee t th e obligation s covere d byth e financia l assurance . Thes e procedure s shoul d Includ e provision s fo rnotice , hearings , an d forfeiture
. Som e state s hav

e specia l funds , suc h a

s well-pluggin g funds , that ar e availabl e fo rstat e us e t o correc t problem s wher

e a n operato ri s unabl e t o compl ywit h stat e requirements
. Althoug h th e availabilit yo fsuc h fund s ma

ybe a consideratio n i n som e state s whe n determinin g bon d coverag e amounts , specia l fund s shoul d be used t o supplement , rathe rtha n completel ytake th e place of , othe rform s o

f financia l assuranc

e provide d b

yth e operator . Th e us e ofspecia l fund s shoul d be limite d t o instance s wher

e th e responsibl e operato rcannot b e determine d o ri s unavailable
. These specia l fund s ca n be generate d b ytaxes , fines , forfeitures , o rfees
. 4.2. 4 Wast

e Haule r Certificatio n Th e appropriat e state agenc yshoul d hav

e authorit yt o requir

e th e trainin g o

fdriver s o ftrucks whic h ar e involve d i n th e commercia l transportatio n o fE&P wast e t o a commercia l o rcentralize d disposa l facility
. Suc h trainin g shoul d include , amon g othe rthings , emphasi s o n prope rrecordkeeping , th e nee d t o delive rth e waste t o th e designate d facilityan d emergenc yrespons e ari d notificatio n procedures
. Th e appropriat e state agenc yshoul d als o hav

e authorit yt o require th e registratio n o fai l vehicle s used t o commerciall ytranspor t th e waste , an d o

f ai l commercia l wast e haulers
. 4.2. 5 Wast

e Trackin g Unless th e state agenc

yi s utilizin g a n alternativ

e metho d whic h achieve s comparabl e results , th e waste trackin g requirements o f thes e criteri a (Sectio n 5.7.2.3) shoul d b e use d b yth e agenc yt o regulat e th e transportatio n (othe rtha n b ypipeline ) ofE& P wast e t o a commercia l o rcentralize d disposa l facility
. Th e waste generator , waste haule ran d operato ro fth e disposa l facilityshoul d retai n an d mak

e availabl e fo rregulator

yagenc yinspectio n al l require d wast e trackin g informatio n fo ra minimu m o

f thre e (3 ) year s fro m th e dat e o

f shipmen t Thi s record retentio n perio d shoul d b e automaticall yextende d whil e anyunresolve d enforcemen t actio n regardin g th e regulate d activity i s pending
. 4.2. 6 Locatio n o

fClosed Disposa l Site

s I n respons e t o RCR

ASectio n 3001(b)(2)(A)(i) , a stat e progra m shoul d contai n authoritywit h respec t t o disposa l sit e closure includin g authorit yt o identif

yth e locatio n ofth e disposa l sit e an d fo rsuc h informatio n t o b e maintaine d b yth e state agenc

yfo rpubli creview
. Whethe rth e locatio n o fa wast e disposa l sit e i s disclose d i n th e publi clan d record s i s a matte rwhic h i s withi n th e discretio n o

f th e state . 4.2. 7 Dat

a Management Effectiv e dat a management system s shoul d b e maintaine d du e t o th e amoun t of informatio n that state s compile
. Suc h system s shoul d includ e permitting , operating , an d monitorin g informatio n an d should includ e thos e dat a element s tha t a n individua l stat e find s are necessar yt o mak e cost effective , risk-based decisions
. Dat a shoul d b e maintaine d o n a s detaile d a leve l a s i s necessar y fo rth e agencie s t o conduc t thei rregulator

yreviews
. State s an d th e federa l governmen t shoul d undertak e efforts t o facilitat e th e sharin g o f data amon g responsibl e agencie s an d othe rusers . Th e IOCC an d federa l governmen t shoul d assis t th e state s i n developin g an d maintainin g effective dat a managemen t systems .

1 5P.1 9

4. 3 Personne l an d Fundin g 4.3. 1 Personne l Fo ra stat e progra m t o functio n effectively , i t mus t hav e sufficient , properl ytraine d personne l t o accomplis h th e goal s an d objective s o fth e program . I n determinin g it s personne l needs , a stat e agenc yshoul d conside rno t onl yth e numbe ro f activitie s tha t i t mus t regulat e an d inspect , bu t als o th e accessibilit yo fthos e activitie s t o agenc y personnel
. Accessibilit ywil l b e heavil yinfluence d b yth e siz e o fth e are a t o b e regulated , th e loca l terrai n an d roa d conditions
. I n addition , a stat e agenc yshoul d conside rho wit s personne l need s wil l b e affecte d b yactivitie s occurrin g i n environmentall ysensitiv e area s (e.g. , i n clos e proximit y t o surfac e wate ran d groundwater)
. Generally , personne l need s shoul d b e evaluate d i n eac h o fth e categorie s o fadministration , legal , technica l an d fiel d inspectors
. I n eac h case , a stat e agenc yshoul d defin e th e area s o f responsibilit yfo rth e position , a s wel l a s an yprerequisit e experienc e an d background
. I n addition , th e stat e agenc ymus t provid e fo rth e continuin g trainin g o fpersonne l t o kee p the m abreas t o f change s i n regulations, polic yan d technica l issue s an d t o increas e professionalism
. Thi s trainin g ca n b e accomplishe d throug h suc h mean s a s seminar s an d universit yshor t courses . Th e followin g discussio n addresse s thes e issue s i n eac h ofth e majo rpersonne l categories : 4.3.1. 1 Administratio n Th e element s o f th e administratio n o fa stat e progra m shoul d includ e traditiona l administrativ e function s suc h a s progra m plannin g an d evaluation , budgetin g an d personnel
. I n addition , administratio n shoul d b e responsibl e fo rsuc h programmati cfunction s a s permitting , licensing , financia l assurance , an d ownershi p transfer
. Publi cinvolvemen t an d dat a collectio n an d managemen t ar e als o ke yelement s o fprogra m administration
. Th e conduc t o fpubli chearings , th e coordinatio n o f enforcemen t activitie s an d th e referra l o fcase s t o lega l personne l fo rfollow-u p actio n shoul d als o b e administratio n functions
. 4.3.1. 2 Lega l Lega l suppor t fo ra n E& P wast e managemen t progra m ca n b e provide d b yin-hous e stat e agenc y lawyers , throug h th e suppor t o fth e attorne ygeneral' s office , o rthroug h independen t counsel
. I n an y case , sufficien t lega l suppor t shoul d b e provide d t o a stat e agenc yt o assur e tha t th e regulatory progra m ha s a n effectiv e capabilit yt o pursu e appropriat e enforcemen t action s i n a timel ymanne r agains t violator s o f progra m requirements
. Acritica l elemen t o fthi s capabilit yi s tha t th e program' s lega l elemen t b e capabl e o f directin g th e preparatio n o fenforcemen t case s an d providin g guidanc e an d directio n t o fiel d inspector s an d other s involve d i n cas e preparation
. Th e lega l elemen t o fa progra m shoul d als o b e involve d i n bot h th e procedura l an d substantiv e aspect s o frulemaking
. 4.3.1. 3 Technica l Al l progra m element s mus t receiv e adequat e technica l support . I n supportin g administrativ e functions , technica l personne l shoul d provid e geologi can d engineerin g evaluatio n an d technica l specification s o n suc h matter s a s cementin g an d casing
. Technica l suppor t t o th e lega l an d fiel d personne l i s necessaryfo rth e developmen t an d implementatio n o frule s an d .i n th e preparatio n o f enforcemen t cases . I n suppor t o ffiel d inspectors , technica l personne l shoul d b e capabl e of mappin g hydrologicall ysensitiv e area s an d area s containin g treatabl e water , an d provid e suppor t i n determinin g pi t constructio n requirement s an d guidanc e i n wast e handling
. Ke ytechnica l personne l shoul d hav e a bachelo ro fscienc e degre e i n geology , engineering , hydrology , eart h 1 6P.2 0

science , environmenta l science , o ra relate d field , o r posses s equivalen t experience . Technica l personne l shoul d b e subjec t t o continuin g educatio n i n suc h area s a s ongoin g developmen t o f rules , policies , an d technologica l changes . 4.3.1. 4 Fiel d Inspector s Fiel d Inspectors shoul d b e responsibl e fo r conductin g routin e inspection s o fregulate d facilities an d activities t o assur

e complianc e wit h progra m requirements . I n addition , fiel d inspector s shoul d b e amon g th e state agency' s on-site representatives t o witnes s critica l regulate d activities an d t o observ e o r supervise clean-u p o r remedia l actions . Fiel d inspectors als o shoul d b e involved i n th e assembl y o

fevidenc e fo r enforcemen t action s an d i n th e state agency' s communit y relations . Fiel d . inspector s generall y shoul d b e hig h schoo l graduate s o r hav e equivalen t experienc e an d otherwise b e knowledgeabl e abou t oi l an d ga s field-relate d wor k an d wast e managemen t practices . Th e ongoin g trainin g o

ffiel d inspectors shoul d emphasize samplin g an d investigativ e procedures associate d wit h enforcemen t proceeding s an d a thoroug h understandin g o fcurren t rule

s an d policies o

fth e progra m a s wel l a s soun d environmenta l practices . I n addition , fiel d inspector s mus t be. skilled i n th e handlin g o fhazardou s material s an d i n al l aspect s o fpersonne l safety . 4.3. 2 Fundin g A n effectiv

e E& P waste managemen t progra m shoul d b e funde d at a leve l sufficient t o allo wi t t o accomplis h it

s goal s an d objectives . Whil e mos t state agencie s wil l b e funde d throug h a genera l appropriatio n fro m that state' s legislature , eac h state agenc y shoul d evaluate suc h othe rsources o ffundin g a s use r fees , specia l levies o n production , th e dedicatio n o ffee s an d penalties t o specia l accounts , an d grants fro m variou s sources . 4. 4 Coordinatio n Amon g Agencie s

Man y state program s regulatin g th e managemen t o fE& P waste s hav

e thei r roots i n oi l an d ga s conservatio n program s tha t were establishe d durin g th e earl y par t o fthi s century . I n mos t cases , thes e program s hav

e evolve d t o accommodat e othe r state an d federa l objective s suc h a s protectio n o fhuma n healt h an d th e environmen t I n mos t states , multipl e agencie s are involved i n th e managemen t o fE& P wastes . Differen t agencie s ar e ofte n responsibl e fo r th e regulatio n o foi l an d ga s wells , pits an d Impoundments , disposa l wells , surfac e wate r discharges , an d disposa l o fdril l cutting s an d muds . Eac h agency has it s ow n administrativ

e requirements relatin g t o permittin g an d financia l assuranc e an d develop s it ow n budge t priorities . Eac h ha s it s ow n inspectio n an d enforcemen t authorities . Unles s a hig h leve l o fforma l interagency coordinatio n exists , suc h unilatera l progra m implementatio n ca n lea d t o duplicatio n o f personne l effort , duplicatio n o fregulatio n wit h sometime s conflictin g standard s fo r th e industry , an d duplicatio n o

ffunding . Duplicatio n o fprogram s ofte n diminishe s th e effectivenes s o fpermitting , inspection , enforcemen t training , an d othe r regulator y activities . Wher e multipl e state agencie s hav e jurisdictio n ove r th e managemen t o fE& P wastes , budget developmen t shoul d b e coordinated . Th e revie

wo fth e state program s (Appendi xB) showe d that man y d o no t hav e forma l agreement s providin g fo r the

? coordinatio n o

factivitie s amon g agencies . Th e coordinatio n o fpermitting , inspection , enforcemen t an d trainin g provide s a n economi c benefi t t o th e agencie s an d assures tha t n o regulator

y gap s occu r I n th e regulatio n o fth e Industry . Th e Counci l di d not revie wth e adequacy o

findividua l memorandum s o

fagreemen t o r memorandum s o funderstanding . State s wit h multipl e agencie s havin g jurisdictio n fo rE& P wast e managemen t shoul d develo p forma l coordinatio n mechanisms . Additionally , state s shoul d revie

wexistin g agreement s t o assur e that they ar e curren t an d effective . They shoul d hol d regularl y schedule d meeting s amon g o r betwee n involve d agencie s an d shoul d shar e informatio n s o that eac h agenc y ca n more full y carr y ou t its progra m responsibilities . 1 7P.2 1



### 4. 5 Stat e an d Federa l Relation s Periodi cevaluation s o

f stat e an d federa l E&P waste managemen t program s hav e prove n usefu l I n improvin g th e effectivenes s of thos e program s an d increasin g cooperatio n betwee n federa l an d stat e regulator yagencies
. Pee rreview-base d evaluatio n mechanism s hav e demonstrate d th e need fo r establishmen t o

f a performance baselin e b ywhic h E& P wast e management program s ca n be evaluated
. Thos e mechanism s hav e le d t o th e identificatio n o f strategie s that wil l improve relation s betwee n th e state s an d th e federa l government . 4.5. 1 Backgroun d 4.5.1. 1 Initiative s Initiative s that hav

e bee n undertake n t o explore relation s betwee n state an d federa l agencie s an d whic h ar

e relevan t t o th e Council' s efforts include : a . th e Mid-Cours e Evaluatio n o f state an d federall yimplemente d Class I I UI C programs ; b
. a federal/stat e enforcemen t an d compliance steerin g committe e whic h addresses timel yan d appropriat e enforcemen t i n EP Aregulator

yprograms ; c . th e Keyston e Cente rNationa l Waste Managemen t Strategie s Projec t whic h addressed , amon g othe rthings , stat e an d federa l relations ; an d d
. th e pee rrevie

wproces s o

fstate UI C program s bein g conducte d b yth e Undergroun d Injectio n Practice s Council
. 4.5.1. 2 Result s Result s o fthes e initiative s included : a . th e recognitio n that there ma ybe differin g progra m an d enforcemen t expectation s an d prioritie s amon g states , EP Aheadquarter

s an d EP Aregions ; b
. th e recognitio n that variabl e approache s t o regulatio n ma yb e necessar

yo rbeneficial ; c . th e nee d t o establis h a baselin e o f performance bywhic h state an d federa l agencie s ca n judg e th e effectivenes s ofthei rprograms ; d
. th e nee d fo rcontinue d dialogu e betwee n variou s regulator yparties ; an d e . th e recognitio n that program s an d prioritie s ma ynee d t o chang e as knowledg e increases
. 4.5. 2 Strategie s fo rMaintainin g ASuccessfu l Relationshi p Betwee n Stat e an d Federa l Agencie s As state d i n EPA' s regulator ydeterminatio n fo rE& P waste , '...existin g state an d federa l regulation s are generall yadequat e t o contro l th e managemen t o f oi l an d gas wastes . Certai n regulator ygap s d o exis t however , an d enforcemen t of existin g regulation s i n som e state s I s inadequate. ' Th e keyi s that overal l stat e program s ar e adequate
. To addres s thes e gaps , th e focu s o f future effort s shoul d b e t o utiliz e informatio n develope d throug h EP Astudie s an d Investigations , an d augmente d byth e criteri a an d informatio n develope d b yth e Council
. Give n tha t information , EPA
. workin g throug h th e IOCC
. ca n meet wit h an d provid e guidance an d assistance t o state s that nee d t o improve thei rprograms . 1 8P.2 2

Th e Counci l has identified 1 0 interrelated strategies that , i fimplemented , woul d enhanc e stat e an d federa l relation s an d promot e effectiv e managemen t o

foi l an d gas wastes . a . Commitmen t t o Wor k Cooperatively . State an d federa l agencies shoul d tak e steps t o encourag e ope n communication s amon g state an d federa l agencies , th e regulate d industr y an d othe r interested parties o n issue s pertainin g t o th e managemen t an d regulatio n o fE& P wastes . Th e state s an d federa l agencies shoul d maintai n a commitmen t t o wor k cooperativel y t o Improv e th e design , implementatio n an d enforcemen t o fstate an d federa l program s fo r managin g E& P wastes . b . Recognitio n o

fDifferen t Priorities . States shoul d recognize th e interes t o ffedera l agencie s i n achievin g nationa l goal s an d objectives an d assurin g adherenc e t o federa l an d state statutor y an d regulator

y requirements . A

t th e sam e time , federa l agencie s shoul d recognize th e authorities , responsibilities an d capabilities o fstates t o regulate certai n activities withi n thei r borders . c . Recognitio n o

fDifferen t Statutor

y Objectives . Eac h o fth e federa l statute s governin g protectio n o

fth e environmen t (e.g. , RCRA , th e Clea n Wate r Act , Saf e Drinkin g Wate r Act

) has provision s fo r state implementatio n o fcertai n provision s an d fo r federa l oversight . Th e objective s o

fan d authorities grante d b y eac h statut

e differ . A

s such , i t shoul d b e recognize d that federa l an d state authorities an d implementatio n approache s ma y differ . d . Recognitio n o

fRegiona l Diversity . A s discussed i n th e Repor t t o Congres s an d th e legislativ e histor y o fth e Saf e Drinkin g Wate r Act , variabl e approache s t o th e managemen t o fE& P waste s are necessary . Thes e variabl e approache s are partl y a resul t o fth e varyin g geologic , hydrologi c o r histori c condition s i n differen t states an d i n differen t area s withi n a state , th e divers e characteristics o foi l an d gas activities , an d differences i n state governmen t structure s amon g th e producin g states . Guidelines o r criteria , whethe rissued b y a federa l agenc y suc h a s EP

A o r a s advocate d b

y th e IOCC , shoul d b e sufficientl y flexibl e t o permi t state s t o take into accoun t these varyin g conditions . e . Baselin e o

fPerformance . Th e criteri a develope d b y th e Counci l shoul d b e used by an y federa l o rstate agency tha t i s responsibl e fo r an y portio n o fth e E& P wast e managemen t program . Thes e criteri a shoul d serv e a s a baselin e o

fperformance b

y whic h th e effectivenes s o

fprogram s ca n b e judged . Th e criteri a provid e states flexibility t o addres s uniqu e condition s whil e accomplishin g th e goal s se

t fort h i n Sectio n 3 . Th e criteri a an d th e proces s b y whic h they ma

y be implemente d by th e states I s simila r i n concept t o Sectio n 142 5 UI C program s unde r th e Saf e Drinkin g Wate rAc t I n thes e programs , state undergroun d injectio n contro l program s demonstrat e adherenc e t o th e goa l o fprotectin g undergroun d sources o fdrinkin g water , rathe rtha n adherenc e t o a detaile d checklis t o fquantitativ

e standards . Th e baselin e containe d i n thi s repor t ca n b e used i n a simila r fashio n b y EPA , Congres s an d others wh o may evaluat e E& P waste managemen t program s suc h a s i n th e state progra m revie w proces s describe d below . f . Stat e Responsibilit

y fo rEnforcemen t Enforcemen t i s a critica l componen t o fa state E& P wast e managemen t program . Federa l governmen t involvemen t shoul d occu r onl y i fth e state agenc y fail s t o enforc e th e requirements o r requests federa l assistance .
1 9P.2 3

State Progra m Revie

wProcess . Th e IOC C shoul d initiat e a state progra m revie wproces s that woul d provid e states wit h a n independen t evaluatio n o fthei r E& P waste managemen t program s usin g criteri a developed b y th e Council . A n advisor y pane l t o develo p th e revie w proces s shoul d Includ e representatives o fstate oi l an d gas an d environmenta l agencies , federa l agencies , industr y an d th e public . Th e revie wproces s woul d als o increas e th e knowledg e o

fparticipatin g states a s t o th e conten t an d operatio n o fothe r state E& P waste managemen t programs . Resolvin g Conflicts/Buildin g Consensus . Where there are unresolved nationa l Issue s o r concern s regardin g E& P waste managemen t a tas k forc e shoul d be create d whic h i s simila r i n makeu p an d for m t o tha t established fo r th e EPA' s Office o fDrinkin g Wate rMid-Cours e Evaluatio n o

fClas s I I UI C programs . Th e creatio n o fthi s tas k

forc e woul d brin g knowledgeabl e federa l an d stat e regulator

s togethe r t o discus s issues , t o ascertai n whethe r problem s associate d wit h thes e issue s are rea l o r perceived , an d t o decid e ho wbes t t o addres s th e issues . Thi s process shoul d b e base d o n th e bes t availabl e informatio n an d coul d b e initiated b

y eithe r th e federa l governmen t o r th e states . Effectiv e Multi-Aoenc

vCoordination . Coordinatio n amon g th e state agencie s i s addresse d i n more detai l i n anothe rsectio n o fth e Council' s report . However , eac h state shoul d recognize tha

t coordinatio n betwee n variou s agencie s i s necessar y fo rbuildin g an d maintainin g trus

t betwee n th e stat

e agencies an d th e federa l agency that has oversigh t responsibilities . Technica l an d Rnancia l Assistance . Th e federa l governmen t shoul d provid e technica l an d financia l assistance t o states t o improv e th e design , implementatio n an d enforcemen t o f state E& P waste managemen t programs . Suc h assistance may be i n th e area s o ftraining , enforcemen t an d dat a managemen t Federa l oversigh t o fa state E& P waste managemen t progra m coul d b e a conditio n o fsuc h assistance .

2 0P.2 4



### SECTIO N 5 TECHNICA L CRITERI A 5. 1 Genera l Thes e technica l criteri a fo r E& P waste managemen t practice s addres s pits , lan d applications , centralize d an d commercia l facilities . I n mos t cases , these criteri a ar e genera l i n scope . Th e state s are encourage d t o establis h an d implemen t specifi c performance standard s an d desig n specification s base d o n sitespecifi c o r regiona l differences i n geology , hydrology , climate an d waste characteristics . State E& P waste managemen t program s shoul d includ e th e followin g genera l provision s a s requirements : a . Facilities an d sites used fo r th e storag e o r disposa l o fwaste s derive d fro m th e exploratio n an d productio n o

foi l an d natura l ga s shoul d b e operate d an d manage d at al l time s t o preven t contaminatio n o

fgroun d an d surface water , soi l an d air , protect publi c health , safet y an d th e environment , an d preven t propert y damage . b . Facilities an d sites operate d fo r th e storag e o r disposa l o fE& P waste s shoul d no t receive , collect , stor e o rdispose o

fan y wastes tha

t are listed o r define d a s hazardou s waste s an d regulate d unde r Subtitl e C o

fRCRA, except i n accordanc e wit h state an d federa l hazardou s waste law s an d regulations . c . Technica l criteri a fo rsiting , constructio n an d operatio n o fE& P wast e disposa l facilities shoul d b e flexible enoug h t o addres s site-specifi c o r regiona l conditions , base d o n finding s b y th e regulator

y agency . d . Disposa l o

fdrillin g mud s an d drillin g fluid s into municipa l waste landfill s shoul d no t b e considere d whe n bette r disposa l option s are available . However , drillin g mud s an d drillin g fluid s wit h n o free liquid s tha

t are no t mixed wit h an y othe r wastes ma y b e dispose d o

fi n municipa l wast e landfill s onl y whe n suc h landfill s are designe d t o contai n suc h wastes . Lo wvolum e E& P wastes , suc h a s oil y rag s an d draine d filters , an d an y othe r E& P wastes tha t are simila r i n compositio n t o routin e municipa l soli d waste stream s ma

y b e dispose d o

fi n municipa l soli d waste landfills . e . A s i n an y aspect o

fwast e management , there are som e general , soun d practice s that shoul d b e employed . Thes e practices , whic h includ e waste minimization , no t onl y serv

e t o protect huma n healt h an d th e environmen t bu t als o ten d t o protec t wast e generators fro m long-ter m liabilities associate d wit h waste disposal . A s a rule-of-thumb , th e choic e o fa wast e managemen t optio n shoul d b e base d upo n th e followin g hierarch y o fpreference : i . Sourc e Reductio n - reduce th e quantit y and/o r toxicity o

fwast e generated ; il . Recyclin g - reuse o rreclai m a s muc h o fth e wast e generate d a s possible , an d wheneve rpossible , hydrocarbon s shoul d b e combine d wit h crud e oil , condensate o rnatura l ga s liquids ; HI . Treatmen t - employ technique s t o reduce th e volum e o r th e relativ e toxicity o

fwast e that has bee n unavoidabl y generated ; iv . Prope r Disposa l - dispos e o fremainin g waste s i n way s that minimize advers e impact s t o th e environmen t an d that protect huma n health . f . Nothin g i n thes e criteri a mandate s onsit e testin g fo r ever

y hazardou s constituen t that may b e presen t i n E& P wastes . Rather , thes e criteri a cal l fo r appropriate onsite testin g o fE& P waste s prio rt o disposa l 2 1P.2 5



### fo rsuc h characteristics as organi ccontent , pH , salinity , hydroge n sulfid e content , an d ignitability—th e chemica l characteristics that ar e though t t o b e o

f primar yconcer n i n E&P wastes . Th e Counci l recognizes , however , that waste management practices , an d regulator yrequirements , woul d be improve d b yobtainin g a mor e complet e knowledg e throug h testin g an d analysi s o f th e rang e o

f hazardou s an d toxi cconstituents i n E&P wastes . 5. 2 Quantitativ

e Element

s Specifi cquantitative guideline s hav e bee n include d fo rsom e waste managemen t practices
. Th e number s cite d are considere d t o b e conservativ e value s fo rprotectio n ofhuma n healt h an d th e environment
. However , the yar

e not intende d t o b e th e basi s fo rnationwid e standards
. Regulator yagencie s ma

y approve eithe rles s stringen t o rmor e stringen t requirements wher e circumstance s warran t a s lon g a s they affor d th e protectio n describe d i n Sectio n 5.1. a an d i n th e goal s statemen t ofSectio n 3.2
. 5. 3 Technica l Criteri a fo r Pits 5.3. 1 Definition s a . Reserv

e Pit s Pits use d (a

) t o store additiona l drillin g fluids fo rus e i n drillin g operations , and/o r(b) t o dispos e o f waste s generate d bydrillin g operation s an d initia l completio n procedures
. b
. Productio n Pit

s I
. Skimming/Settling-pit s use d t o provid e retentio n tim e fo rsettlin g o f solid s an d separatio n o fresidua l oil
. a * 

### ii . Produce d Water-pit s use d fo rstorag e o fproduce d wate rprio rt o injectio n o roffsit e transport . ill . Percolation-pit s use d t o dispos e ofwast e liquid s vi a drainag e o rseepag e throug h th e botto m and/o rside s ofth e pit s int o surroundin g soils
. iv . Evaporation-line d pit s used t o contai n produce d water s whic h evaporate!int o th e atmospher

e b ynatura l therma l forces
. c . Specia l Purpose Pit

s i . Blowdown-pit s use d fo rcollectin g materia l resultin g fro m th e emptyin g o rdepressurizatlo n o fwell s o r vessels
. ii . Flar e Pits-pit s use d exclusivel yfo rflaring gas . iii . Emergency-pit s use d t o contai n liquid s o n a temporar ybasi s du e t o proces s upse t conditions
. iv . Basi cSediment-line d pit s use d fo rtemporar ystorag e ofproductio n waste s fro m tan k batterie s o rproductio n vessel s whic h ma ycontai n residua l oil
. v . Workover-pit s use d t o contai n liquid s durin g th e performanc e o fremedia l operation s o n a producin g wel l i n a n effor t t o increas e production
. 2 2P.2 6

5.3. 2 Permittin g a . A permittin g o rrevie wproces s shoul d b e i n plac e fo ral l pits
. Pit s ma yb e authorize d b yrule , genera l permit , individua l permit , o ra s part o fa n operationa l permi t o rprogram . b
. Pit s ma yb e permitte d b yrul e base d upo n specifi crequirement s i n area s wher e geologic , topographical , hydrologica l o rothe rcondition s ar e similar
. c . Authorizatio n fo ra pi t ma yb e include d i n operational , facilit yo rothe renvironmenta l permit s (e.g. , drilling , workover , ga s plan t NPDE S discharge)
. Th e permi t applicatio n proces s ma yhave t o b e expande d t o includ e certai n additiona l informatio n concernin g th e pi t (i.e. , intak e volume , soi l type , fluid makeup , topography , geology , hydrology , climatology , an d suc h othe rfactor s a s ma yb e necessaryt o protec t huma n healt h an d th e environment)
. d
. Constructio n an d us e o f rul e authorize d pit s shoul d requir e prio rnotificatio n ofth e appropriat e regulator yagenc yt o ensur e tha t properconstruction , operatio n an d closur e method s ar e use d t o protec t huma n healt h an d th e environment
. e . Stat e program s shoul d includ e provision s t o accommodat e approva l o fpit s fo remergency situations
. 5.3. 3 Sitin g Genera l sitin g guideline s o rrestriction s shoul d b e include d i n are a o rstate-wid e regulation s t o addres s issue s suc h as : fluid makeup , dept h t o an d qualit yo fgroundwater , wetlands' , flood plains , surfac e contour , an d proximit yt o drinkin g wate rsupplie s an d wells , surfac e water , residentia l o r commercia l buildings , geologi chazards , o rothe renvironmentall ysensitiv e areas . 5.3. 4 Constructio n Genera l standard s fo rconstructio n o fpit s shoul d b e include d i n are a o rstate-wid e regulation s an d shoul d addres s th e followin g items : a . Siz e shoul d b e sufficien t t o ensur e adequate storag e unti l closur e takin g int o accoun t historica l precipitatio n patterns . b
. Dept h shoul d b e suc h tha t th e botto m doe s no t penetrat e groundwate ro rsuc h tha t th e pi t content s d o no t adversel yimpac t groundwate ro rsurfac e water . Arevie wo favailabl e informatio n o r a stud yshoul d b e mad e o fth e are a wher e th e pi t i s t o b e locate d t o determin e i f shallowaquifer s ar e presen t an d shoul d b e protected
. c . Ber m height , slop e an d materia l shoul d b e suc h tha t th e pi t i s structurall ysound , an d tha t pi t integrity i s no t compromise d b yterrai n o rbreache d b yheavyrains , winds , seepag e o rothe r natura l forces
. d
. I f a sal t sectio n i s anticipated , o roi l bas e mud s ar e use d durin g a drillin g program , reserv e pit s shoul d b e designe d t o accommodat e thos e fluids. e . Tank s o rliner s shoul d b e require d i n certai n instance s base d o n typ e o ffluid an d site-specifi c characteristic s (e.g. , unconsolidate d soil s and/o rhydrogeologi ccondition s tha t creat e a potentia l fo radvers e impac t t o surfac e wate ro rgroundwater , an d proximit yt o environmentall y sensitiv e areas)
. Liner s ca n b e natura l o rconstructe d o fnatura l o rsyntheti cmaterials , provide d 2 3P.2 7

that the y ar e installed accordin g t o accepte d engineerin g practices an d are compatibl e wit h expecte d pi t contents . f . Fencing , flagging an d cagin g requirements shoul d be se t b y are a o rstate-wid e regulation s a s may b e necessar

y t o protect th e public , domesti c animals , wildlif e an d waterfowl . g . Wher e feasible , reserv e pits shoul d be place d t o directl y receiv e th e discharg e fro m solid s separatio n equipmen t an d t o collec t rigwas h water , spills , an d leak s fro m drillin g equipment . h . Unline d skimming/settlin g pits ca n be used i n area s where groundwate reithe ri s no t presen t o r i s unusabl e o ri s naturall y protecte d fro m th e threat o fcontamination . 5.3. 5 Operationa l Requirement s a . Specifi c restriction s o n th e typ e o fwaste s tha

t ca n b e place d i n th e differen t type s o fpit s shoul d b e include d i n are a o r state-wid e regulations . Restriction s shoul d conside r salinity , hydrocarbo n conten t pH , o rothe r characteristic s whic h ma y b e detrimenta l t o th e environment . b . Genera l securit

y guideline s shoul d protec t th e public , th e environment , an d wildlife . c . Liquid s shoul d b e maintaine d a t a freeboard leve l determine d b y th e state tha

t take s into accoun t extrem e precipitatio n events o r othe r possibilities an d prevents overtoppin g o r unpermitte d discharges . d . Line d pits shoul d b e operate d i n a manne rthat ensures line r integrity . e . Inspection s shoul d b e conducte d at regula r interval s o r a s neede d b y operators t o ensur

e pit s meet al l operatin g an d structura l integrit y requirements . f . Hydrocarbon s whic h inadvertentl y accumulate i n a n unlined reserved pi t shoul d b e skimmed of fth e pi t at th e cessatio n o fdrillin g an d completio n operations . g . Separate d oi l o raccumulate d wastes shoul d b e periodicall y remove d fro m unlined skimming/settlin g pits . h . Produce d wate r pit s shoul d b e used onl y fo r storag e o fproduce d wate r prio rt o injectio n o r offsite transpor t i . Percolatio n pit s shoul d b e use d onl y fo r disposa l o fproduce d waters an d onl y whe n are a o r state-wid e restriction s establishe d unde r Sectio n 5.3.5.a . above are me t j . Evaporatio n pits shoul d b e periodicall y inspecte d fo r complianc e wit h permitte d inpu t volume s an d line r integrity . Evaporatio n pits shoul d b e skimme d a s necessar y t o maintai n a n optimu m evaporatio n rate . k . Blowdown , flare, an d emergency pit s shoul d no

t b e use d fo r long-ter m storag e o rdisposal . Ruid s diverte d t o emergency pits shoul d b e remove d a s quickl y a s practica l an d th e regulator y agenc y notifie d promptl y o fth e use o

fthos e pits . I . Unline d basi c sedimen t pits shoul d no t b e use d fo rstorag e o foil y wastes ; they shoul d b e replace d by line d pit s o r tanks . 

### 2 4P.2 8



### m . Workove rpit s shoul d b e ope n onl yfo rth e duratio n o f workove roperation s an d shoul d b e close d withi n 12

0 day s afte rworkove roperation s ar e complete
. 

### 5.3. 6 Closur

e a . Pits shoul d b e close d i n accordance wit h local , state an d federa l regulations , ari d i fo n private property , consisten t wit h leas e obligations
. b
. Reserv e pit s shoul d b e close d a s soo n a s practica l o rwithi n 1 2 month s afte rcessatio n o f drillin g operations
. c Pi t liquid s shoul d hav e fre e oi l removed an d whe n appropriat e shoul d b e sample d prio rt o closure fo rsalinity , hydrocarbo n content , pH , o rothe rcharacteristics whic h ma yb e detrimenta l t o th e environmen t Onsite disposa l o f pi t content s shoul d b e conducte d i n accordanc e wit h th e Iandspreading , buria l an d landfiilin g criteri a o f Section s 5. 4 an d 5.5 , o rbyNPDE S o rUI C permit
. d
. Liqui d an d nonliqui d material s no t satisfyin g th e onsit e criteri a fo rIandspreadin g o rburia l (Section s 5. 4 an d 5.5) mus t b e dispose d i n federa l o rstat e approve d disposa l facilities
. e . Pi t site s shoul d b e capped , compacted , contoure d an d vegetate d where necessar yan d i n accordanc e wit h applicabl e state o rarea regulation s t o ensur e groun d suppor

t stabilit yan d t o preven t erosion
. f
. Record s shoul d b e kep t a t th e regulator

yagenc yo f al l pi t location s an d shoul d b e availabl e t o th e publi cfo rinspectio n an d copying
. 5. 4 Technica l Criteri a fo r Landspreadin g 5.4. 1 Definitio n an d Applicabilit y a . Landspreadin g i s a metho d o f treatmen t an d disposa l of lowtoxicitywaste s i n whic h th e waste s are sprea d upon , an d sometime s mixed into , soil s t o promot e reductio n o forgani cconstituents an d th e dilutio n an d attenuatio n of metals
. Landfarmin g o rmultipl e application s are covere d unde rSectio n 5.7
. b
. Thes e criteri a appl yt o waste disposa l a t o rnea rE& P location s an d d o no t appl yt o commercia l disposa l operations
. Commercia l facilitie s use d fo rdisposa l o fE& P waste s ar

e covere d I n Sectio n 5.7 r 

### 5.4. 2 Regulator

y Requirement

s Whe n iandspreadin g practice s ar e used at E& P sites , the yshoul d b e conducte d consisten t wit h leas e an d landowne robligation s an d local , state an d federa l regulations
. Genera l standard s fo r landspreadin g shoul d b e include d I n area o rstat e regulation s an d shoul d addres s th e operationa l requirements o

f Sectio n 5.4.3
. i 

### 5.4. 3 Operationa l Requirement s a . Fre e oi l shoul d b e remove d fro m th e waste s b ymechanica l mean s suc h as skimmin g o r filtratio n before th e waste s ar e landspread
. 2 5P.2 9

b
. Landsprea d liquid s shoul d hav e a p H o f6-10
. Wher e needed , liquid s shoul d b e neutralize d t o obtai n thi s range . c Soli d waste s shoul d b e sprea d evenl yan d diske d int o th e soil
. d
. Liquid s shoul d b e applie d a t a rat e tha t wil l no t resul t i n pooling , pondin g o rrunoff
. e . Wher e enhancemen t o f biodegradatio n i s desired , nitroge n an d othe rnutrient s shoul d b e adde d t o th e soi l befor e disking
. Nutrien t applicatio n ca n b e repeate d ove rtime
. f
. Amount s o f wast e adde d t o soi l durin g landspreadin g ar e generall ylimite d b yth e electrica l conductivit y(EC) , exchangeabl e sodiu m percentag e (ESP) , an d sodiu m adsorptio n rati o (SAR)
. Th e stat e shoul d determin e it s criteri a base d o n site-specifi can d waste-specifi cconditions
. Fo r exampl e som e plant s tolerat e highe ro rlowe rsal t levels , highe rrainfal l area s encourag e sal t movemen t ou t o f th e root-zone , o rshallo wgroundwate rma yseverel ylimi t application
. g . Afte rlandspreadin g o f hydrocarbo n containin g waste , th e waste-soi l mixtur e shoul d no t excee d on e percen t b yweigh t oi l an d grease . h
. Salt - an d hydrocarbon-loadin g criteri a appl yt o th e fina l waste-soi l mixtur e an d ar e no t a n applicatio n standard
. Th e operato rshoul d b e require d t o demonstrat e tha t thes e criteri a ar e me t withi n 1 2 month s o fcessatio n o fdrillin g o rproduction
. I fthes e criteri a ar e no t met , remediatio n wil l b e required
. Nothin g i n thi s paragrap h shal l dela yan yrequiremen t fo rerosio n contro l and/o rsit e reclamatio n o rrevegetatio a I
. Soi l analyse s shoul d b e performe d prio rt o landspreadin g an d agai n upo n closur e o fth e site
. j
. Enhance d technique s suc h a s repetitiv e diskin g an d nutrien t additio n ma yb e neede d t o mee t th e sal t an d hydrocarbo n criteri a o fth e fina l waste-soi l mixture
. k
. Unde rspecia l o rabnorma l conditions , additiona l limitation s an d analysi s requirement s shoul d b e considere d fo rwaste s tha t ma ycontai n toxi cconstituent s derive d fro m formatio n liquids , cutting s drillin g muds , o rdrilling-mu d activities
. Record s shoul d b e maintaine d o fal l wast e analyses
. 5. 5 Technica l Criteri a fo r Buria l an d Landfillin g 5.5. 1 Definition s a . Buria l o f waste s involve s placin g th e waste s i n a n excavatio n an d coverin g th e waste s wit h a laye r o fsoil
. b
. Landfillin g o f waste s involve s placin g th e waste s o n th e groun d an d coverin g the m wit h a laye r o f soO .

1 Astudy prepared

for the American

Petroleum

Institute determined

safe limits for agricultural

purposes

as follows: EC less than 4 mmhos/cm, ESP

less tiian 15, and

SAR less than 12. Uoyd

E. Deuel, Jr., Ph.D., 'Evaluation

of Limiting Constituents

Suggested

for Land Disposal

of Exploration

and Production

Wastes' (March 1990). 2 6P.3 0



### c Thes e criteri a appl yt o wast e disposa l a t o rnea rE& P site s an d d o no t appl yt o commercia l disposa l facilities
. Criteri a fo rcommercia l disposa l facilitie s are containe d i n Sectio n 5.7
. 5.5. 2 Regulator

y Requirement

s Whe n buria l o rlandfillin g i s use d a t E& P sites , eithe rshoul d b e conducte d consisten t wit h leas e an d landowne robligation s an d wit h local , state an d federa l regulations
. Genera l standard s fo r buria l o rlandfillin g shoul d b e include d i n are a o rstate regulation s an d shoul d addres s th e operationa l requirements i n Sectio n 5.5.3
. 5.5. 3 Operationa l Requirement s a . Waste s o rwaste-soi l mixture s ma yb e burie d o rlandfille d withou t a protectiv e botto m line ronl y whe n the ymee

t th e landspreadin g criteri a of Sectio n 5. 4 prio rt o burial
. Th e content s o f suc h wast e o rwaste-so P mixture s shoul d b e limite d t o material s suc h a s fres h wate rbase d drillin g muds , dril l cuttings , spen t iro n sponge , pip e scal e wit h lo wlevel s o fnaturall yoccurrin g radioactive material s (NORM) , gas plan t catalyst o rmolecula rsieve
. Closur e shoul d be consisten t wit h Sectio n 5.3.6. a an d 5.3.6
. e . b
. Aprotective botto m liner , solidification , fixatio n o rencapsulatio n metho d shoul d be require d fo r buria l o rlandfillin g o

f waste s whos e sal t and/o rhydrocarbo n conten t exceed s th e landspreadin g criteri a o

fSectio n 5.4.3
. Th e regulator yagenc yma ygran t a variance fro m thi s requiremen t fo rfield s o rportion s o f fields , upo n a showin g b yth e operato rthat groundwate r eithe ri s not presen t beneat h th e waste sit e o ri s naturall yprotecte d fro m th e threat o f contamination
. c . Agenc yrecord s shoul d b e permanentl ymaintaine d fo ran yrequire d analytica l data taken , site s use d an d type s an d quantitie s o fwaste disposed
. Site location s shoul d b e locate d o n pla t maps . 5. 6 Technica l Criteri a fo r Roadspreadin g 5.6. 1 Definitio n Roadspreadin g i s th e placemen t o n road s o fwaste s that exhibi t propertie s simila rt o commercia l roa d oils , mixes , dus t suppressants o rroad compactio n brines
. 5.6. 2 Regulator

y Requirement

s When roadspreadin g is used , i t shoul d b e conducte d consisten t wit h leas e an d landowne r obligations an d local , state , an d federa l regulations
. Genera l standard s fo rroadspreadin g shoul d be include

d i n are a o r stat e regulation s an d addres s th e operationa l requirements i n Sectio n 5.6.3
. 5.6. 3 Operationa l Requirement s a . Exempt waste s suc h a s tan k bottom , emulsions , heav yhydrocarbon s an d crud e oil contaminate d soi l ma

yb e use d fo rroa d oil , roa d mix , o rasphal t i f the yare not ignitabl e (4 0 CFR §261.21 ) an d hav

e a mixe d densit

yan d meta l conten t consisten t wit h approve d roa d oil s o rmixes
. 2 7P.3 1

b . Hydrocarbo n waste s o r produce d waters shoul d b e applie d a t loadin g rates tha

t preven t poolin g an d surface runoff . Appropriate buffe r zone s shoul d b e establishe d t o protect waters o fth e state ari d wate rwells .
c . Th e produce d wate r shoul d b e teste d an d shoul d exhibi t propertie s simila rt o commercia l roadspreadin g products tha t are regulate d b

y state s o r loca l agencies . 5. 7 Technica l Criteri a fo rCommercia l an d Centralize d Disposa l Facilitie s 5.7. 1 Definition s an d Exemption s a . Commercia l Disposa l Facilit y - a facilit

y whos e owner(s ) o r operator(s ) receives compensatio n fro m others fo r th e temporar y storage , treatment , an d disposa l o fproduce d water , drillin g fluids, drillin g cuttings , completio n fluids, an d an y othe rexempt E& P waste , an d whose primar y business objective i s t o provid e thes e services . b . Centralize d Disposa l Facilit y - a facility , othe r tha n a commercia l disposa l facility , tha t i s (1 ) used exclusivel y b

y on e owne r o r operator , o r (2 ) use d by more tha n on e operato r unde r a n operatin g agreement , an d whic h receive s fo rcollection , treatment , temporar y storage , o r disposa l o

fproduce d water , drillin g fluids, dril l cuttings , completio n fluid s an d an y othe rexempt E& P waste s that ar e generate d fro m tw o o r more productio n units o r area s o r fro m a se t o f commonl y owne d o roperate d leases . Thi s definitio n covers th e storag e an d disposa l facilities (i.e. , line d o r unlined pits o r ponds , an d belo wgrad e o r undergroun d tanks ) tha t are presen t a

t Clas s I I disposa l wel l sites . c . Exemption s - Th e definition s an d technica l criteri a o fSectio n 5. 7 shal l no

t appl y t o Class I I produce d wate rinjectio n well s an d t o welts use d i n enhance d oi l recover y o r"waterflood " projects , o r t o th e above-groun d storag e tank s at Clas s I I injectio n wel l sites , waterfloo d projec t sites , an d produce d wate r gatherin g sites , where E& P waste s ar e store d temporaril y prio rt o disposal . Th e definition s an d technica l criteri a o fSectio n 5. 7 ar e not intende d t o appl y t o emergency cleanu p situation s at a Clas s I I injectio n facility . Th e regulator y agency ma

y adjus t o rexempt fro m th e standard s an d requirements o fthi s sectio n centralize d facilities tha t receiv e a limite d numbe r o

fsubstantiall y simila r wast e stream s an d limite d volume s o fwastes . 5.7. 2 Technica l Standard s an d Regulatory Requirement s Commercia l an d centralize d offsit e disposa l facilities shoul d meet th e technica l an d regulator y requirements o

fthi s sectio n an d th e genera l standard s o fSectio n 5. 1 o

fthes e criteria . Complianc e wit h thes e requirement s shoul d b e demonstrate d i n th e permi t applicatio n require d i n subsectio n 5.7.2.1.a . Recognizin g that commercia l disposa l facilitie s us e advance d method s o ftreatmen t an d disposa l o

fwastes , th e regulator y agency i s encourage d t o establis h numerica l requirements fo r th e desig n o

fpon d liners an d leachat e collectio n systems , fo r landfarmin g operation s (i.e. , repeate d lan d applications) , an d fo r waste-oi l reprocessing . Th e requirement s o fthi s sectio n are intende d t o furnis h the/egirlator y agenc y wit h sufficien t an d meaningfu l informatio n suc h tha t permittin g decision s wil l lea d t o n o environmenta l o r publi c healt h impact onc e th e facilit y has commence d operation s an d followin g its closure . Th e regulator

y agenc y may adjust o r exempt fro m thes e requirement s fo rcentralize d facilities that receiv e a limite d numbe r o

fsubstantiall y simila r wast e stream s an d limite d volume s o fwaste , suc h a s th e consolidate d produce d wate rdisposa l facilitie s i n a larg e multi-operato r field . Administrativ e criteri a fo r centralize d facilitie s als o may b e les s extensiv e tha n thos e fo r commercia l facilities . 2 8P.3 2

5.7.2. 1 Regulatory Agenc yResponsibilitie s i n Permittin g a . Permits
. Th e regulatoryagenc yshoul d authoriz e off-sit e commercia l an d centralize d disposa l facilitie s fo rE& P waste s b ypermit
. Apermi t shoul d b e i n forc e fo ra finit e period , t o b e determine d b yth e agency . Th e agenc yshoul d us e th e dat a an d informatio n require d b yth e technica l standard s o f thi s sectio n t o approv e o rden yapplication s fo rpermits , t o ensur e complianc e wit h permi t conditions , t o orde rcorrectiv e action s i n orde rt o preven t o rabat e violation s o f th e standards , o rfo ran yothe rpurpos e deeme d necessaryb yth e agency . b
. Acceptabl e Wastes
. Th e agenc yshoul d prescrib e th e rang e o fE& P waste s whic h ca n b e dispose d a t commercia l an d centralize d facilitie s an d a t municipa l wast e landfills
. c . Wast e Characteristic s an d Disposal
. Th e agenc yshoul d identif yth e chemica l characteristic s o f waste s likel yt o b e dispose d a t commercia l an d centralize d facilitie s o n th e basi s o fpublishe d scientifi cdat a an d o n knowledg e abou t regiona l o rsite-specifi cwast e characteristics
. Thi s informatio n shoul d b e use d b yth e agenc yt o matc h a give n disposa l apparatu s (e.g. , a line d evaporatio n pon d wit h a lea k detectio n system ) wit h a particula rwast e stream . Th e agenc y shoul d prescrib e thes e wast e disposa l facilitie s an d wast e strea m relationship s b yrul e o ri n th e permittin g proces s an d ensur e tha t operator s o fcommercia l o rcentralize d facilitie s compl ywit h them
. Fo rsamplin g an d testing , refe rt o Sectio n 5.7.2.2.c.v
. an d vi
. 5.7.2. 2 Permittin g Requirement s a . An yne wo rexistin g commercia l o rcentralize d facilit ymus t obtai n a permi t fro m th e regulatory agenc yt o commenc e operatio n o rt o continu e t o operate . Apermi t shoul d b e issue d onl yupo n complianc e wit h th e genera l requirement s o fSectio n 5. 1 an d th e technica l requirement s o fthi s sectio n an d upo n submitta l an d approva l o fa n applicatio n tha t contain s a Sitin g Plan , Constructio n Plan , Operatin g Plan , an d Closur e Plan
. Operatio n o fa facilit yshoul d compl ywit h th e term s an d condition s o fth e permit
. Th e regulator yagenc yma ytailo rth e technica l requirement s fo ral l existin g facilitie s an d fo r centralize d disposa l facilitie s t o th e condition s presen t a t th e location s o fsuc h facilities
. I n th e cas e o f centralize d facilities , th e regulatoryagenc yma yadjus t th e requirement s o f5.7.2.2a , b , an d ci n ligh t o f th e volum e an d characteristic s o fwaste s receive d b yth e facility
. b
. Sitin g Plan
. Th e specifi csit e fo ra commercia l facility , o rt o th e exten t possibl e th e sit e fo ra centralize d facility , shoul d hav e natura l feature s (suc h a s isolatio n fro m o rconsiderabl e depth s t o groundwater , protectio n agains t flooding, presenc e o flow-permeabilit ysoil s ari d rocks , an d topograph y conduciv e t o protectio n agains t win d erosion) tha t preven t o rminimiz e releas e o f pollutant s t o offsit e waters , lands an d air
. Additiona l safeguard s ma yb e require d b yth e regulator y agenc yfo rcentralize d facilitie s tha t ar e locate d o n site s tha t d o no t exhibi t natura l protective features . A n applicatio n fo ra permi t t o sit e a commercia l o rcentralize d facilit y shoul d contai n th e followin g information : I
. Names , addresse s an d telephon e number s o fowner s an d th e operator s o fth e facility , th e owner(s ) o roccupant(s ) o fpropertie s withi n clos e proximit yo fth e site , o ran ynearb y perso n wh o ma yreasonabl yb e adversel yaffecte d b yreleas e fro m th e site ; ii . Topographi cma p showin g th e locatio n o fth e sit e an d an yhighway s o rroad s tha t abu t o rtravers e throug h th e site , an d tha t depic t al l wate rcourses , wate rwells , an d dwelling s locate d withi n on e mil e o fth e site ; 2 9P.3 3

iii
. Geologic , hydrologic , engineering , chemica l an d an yothe rdat a o rinformatio n tha t demonstrat e disposa l o fwaste s an d operatio n o fth e facilit ywil l no t contaminat e fres h water , th e surroundin g soil s o rair , endange rpubli chealth , safet yo rth e environment , o r caus e propert ydamage ; iv
. Averag e annua l precipitatio n an d evaporatio n rat e a t disposa l site ; v . Proximit yo f disposa l facilitie s t o surfac e wate rcourse s (priorit yi n net-precipitatio n climates) ; vi
. Natur e an d permeabilit yo fvados e zone ; descriptio n o fth e subsurfac e strata , identificatio n o f an d area l exten t o funderlyin g aquifer(s) , an d dept h t o groundwater ; directio n o f groundwate rmovement ; dat a o n wate rqualit yo fnearb ysurfac e water s an d underlyin g aquifer(s ) prio rt o commencemen t o foperations ; an d point s o fpas t o rcurren t us e o f surfac e wate ro rgroundwater ; vii
. Proo f tha t al l publi cnotic e requirement s hav e bee n met ; an d viii
. Certificatio n b ya n authorize d representativ e o fth e applican t tha t informatio n submitte d i n th e applicatio n i s true , accurat e an d complet e t o th e bes t o fth e applicant' s knowledge
. c . Constructio n Plan
. I n general , commercia l an d centralize d disposa l facilitie s shoul d b e constructe d t o preven t o rminimiz e release s o fwaste s o rwast e byproduct s t o surfac e water , groundwater , soil s and
. air
. Fo rcommercia l facilities , detaile d engineerin g drawing s an d diagram s o f engineere d disposa l facilitie s shoul d b e required ; fo rcentralized , o rone-owne r facilities , suc h extensiv e constructio n detail s ma yno t b e needed
. Constructio n shoul d follo w guideline s an d rule s adopte d b yth e regulatoryagency . d
. Operatin g Plan
. Application s fo rpermit s fo rexistin g o rne wfacilitie s shoul d b e accompanie d b ya n Operatin g Pla n tha t describe s th e waste s tha t wil l b e accepte d a t th e facilit yan d th e method s b ywhic h thos e waste s wil l b e manage d an d disposed
. Th e Operatin g Pla n shoul d contai n th e followin g information : I
. Volume , rat e an d typ e ofmateria l t o b e dispose d a t th e facilitie s an d th e facilitie s tha t wil l b e use d t o dispos e ofeac h wast e strea m (i.e. , unline d o rline d pits , above - o rbelow grad e tanks , etc.) ; ii
. Contingenc ypla n fo rreporting , respondin g t o an d cleanin g u p spills , leak s an d release s o f waste s o rwast e byproducts , includin g provision s fo rnotifyin g emergenc yrespons e authoritie s an d fo rtakin g operator-initiate d emergenc yrespons e actions ; ill
. Pla n fo rroutin e inspection , maintenance , an d monitorin g t o ensur e an d demonstrat e complianc e wit h permi t requirements ; iv
. Specifi cengineerin g plan s fo rpreventin g o rminimizin g th e generatio n an d emissio n of hydroge n sulfid e gas ; v . Aplan , includin g consideratio n o fon-sit e samplin g an d testing , t o assur e tha t RCR A Subtitl e C o rothe rprohibite d waste s ar e no t dispose d o fa t th e facility
. vl
. Centralize d an d commercia l wast e disposa l facilitie s mus t submi t a pla n t o characteriz e waste s receive d fo rdisposal
. Large rfacilitie s ma yrequir e mor e testin g requirements
. 3 0P.3 4

Wast e characterizatio n requirement s fo rsmal l centralize d facilitie s ma yb e mor e limite d tha n fa rlarg e facilities , base d o n th e limite d types an d volume s o fwaste s received
. At a minimum , wast e characterizatio n mus t consis t o ftestin g fo rorganics , pH , salinity , hydroge n sulfid e content , an d ignitability
. State s shoul d determin e additiona l minimu m testin g criteri a applicabl e t o thei rregions
. Testin g fo rorganic s mus t b e appropriat e fo r th e typ e o f waste , metho d ofdisposal , an d th e potentia l fo rhealt h an d environmenta l hazard s pose d b ytha t situation
. vii
. Pla n fo rperiodi cremova l an d subsequen t handlin g o ffre e oil ; an d viii . Securit ypla n fo rth e facility
. Closur e Plan
. Application s fo rpermit s fo rexistin g o rne wfacilitie s shoul d b e accompanie d b y a Closur e Pla n tha t describe s th e method s t o b e use d t o reclai m th e facilit yfollowin g th e cessatio n o f operations
. Closur e shal l compl ywit h th e genera l requirement s o fSectio n 5. 1 an d th e buria l requirement s o fSectio n 5. 5 o f thes e criteria, an d wit h an yothe rrequirement s establishe d b yth e regulatoryagency . Th e pla n shoul d includ e a closur e schedule , a cos t estimat e fo rreclamatio n an d a schedul e fo rauthorize d financia l assuranc e instrument
. Th e cos t estimat e an d authorize d financia l assuranc e instrumen t schedule shal l b e use d t o establis h a financia l suret yleve l fo rth e facilit yprio rt o permi t approval
. 5.7.2.3 Wast e Trackin g Requirement s T o assur e tha t onl ywaste s derive d fro m th e exploratio n an d productio n o foi l o rnatura l ga s ar e dispose d o f a t commercia l o rcentralize d facilities , a wast e trackin g syste m tha t document s th e movemen t o f waste s fro m th e sit e o fthei rorigi n t o thei rfina l dispositio n shoul d b e implemented
. Th e followin g element s shoul d b e include d i n th e wast e trackin g system : a . Three-Part For m Required
. Athree-part for m tha t contain s th e names , addresse s an d phon e number s o f th e generato r(producer) , hauler , an d disposa l facilit yoperator , a descriptio n o fth e waste ; th e tim e an d dat e i t wa s collected , haule d an d deposite d a t th e disposa l facility ; an d th e volum e o f th e wast e hauled
. b
. Maintenanc e o f th e Form
. Th e for m shoul d b e maintaine d b yth e generato r(producer) , haule r an d operato ro f th e disposa l facilit yfo rinspectio n b yth e regulator yagency . Th e form s shoul d b e maintaine d fo ra perio d o fthre e year s afte rth e shipmen t date
. c . Attes t t o N o Illega l Dumping
. Th e haule ran d th e operato ro fth e disposa l facilit yshoul d certif y i n writin g o n th e three-part for m tha t n o waste s wer e dumpe d illegall yo ra t a locatio n o rfacilit y not designate d b yth e generato ro rpermitte d t o receiv e exemp t E& P waste , an d tha t n o prohibite d oil-fiel d o rhazardou s waste s wer e mixe d wit h th e exemp t waste s durin g transpor t d
. Reportin g p f Discrepancies
. Th e operato ro fth e disposa l facilit yshal l immediatel yrepor t t o th e regulator yagenc yan d th e generato ran ydiscrepanc yi n wast e descriptions , volume s o rplac e o f origi n base d o n persona l observation s o rinformatio n containe d i n th e three-par t form
. e . Permittin g o f Wast e Haulers
. Wast e haulin g companie s shoul d b e permitte d b yth e regulator y agenc ybase d o n a showin g o fminimu m knowledg e abou t th e regulator yrequirement s fo r dispositio n o f E& P waste s transporte d fro m thei rpoin t o fgeneratio n t o thei rfina l disposa l site
. Th e regulator yagenc yma yissu e permit s t o individua l wast e hauler s o rt o wast e haulin g firms
. 3 1P.3 5

5.7.2. 4 

### tTMn^ a 

### S 8 

### J raC 

### | ! ingr 

### ^ lJirement s d 0 no t a 

### PP" yt 0 

### ^aste * m 

### ove d b ypipeline
. Operator s wh o transpor t wastes b

ypipelin e shoul d periodicall yrepor t wast e quantitie s t o th e regS^genc y

3 2P.3 6



### SECTIO N 6 RECOMMENDATION S FO R FUTUR E WOR K
1
. Th e Counci l encourage s industry , individua l state s an d federa l governmen t t o increas e thei reffort s t o characteriz e chemica l constituent s an d naturall yoccurrin g radioactiv e material s (NORM ) o fexploratio n an d productio n wastes . 2
. Th e Counci l encourage s researc h b yindustry , th e federa l government , state-affiliate d academi cinstitutions , an d public-interes t group s int o effectiv e way s o fminimizin g an d reusin g waste s generate d i n th e nation' s oi l an d ga s fields
. 3
. Th e Counci l recognize s tha t contaminatio n problem s exis t fro m th e us e o fpas t managemen t practice s an d fro m violatio n o f regulation s an d laws
. A s such , i t recommend s tha t IOCC , EPA , states , th e regulate d industryan d th e publi cwor k togethe rt o evaluat e an d recommen d remediatio n approaches
. 4
. Th e Council recommend s tha t IOC C revie wan d ac t upo n EPA' s recommendation s tha t ma yresul t fro m th e agency' s mid-cours e revie wo f stat e UI C programs . IOC C shoul d incorporat e i n thes e technica l criteri a an y change s tha t ma yb e neede d t o addres s problem s o rimprovement s i n state-administere d UI C programs . 5
. Th e Counci l encourage s th e stat e an d federa l government s t o examin e th e benefit s an d economi can d energyimpact s o f change s i n E& P wast e management s requirements
. 6
. Th e Counci l encourage s EP At o wor k wit h al l intereste d partie s i n th e developmen t o fan yregulation s o n guidanc e tha t affec t E& P activities
.

3 3P.3 7



## SECTIO N 7 REFERENCE S
Interstat e Oil Compac t Commission , 1989
. "Proposa l fo rEPA/IOC C Revie wo fStat e Regulation s fo rWaste s Generate d b yExploratio n an d Productio n o fOil an d Gas. " IOC C (Oklahom a City , OK) , pag e 1
. (EPA Contrac t No
. T901749-01)
. Sylvi a Lowrance , 1989
. Memorandu m date d Jun e 9 : "Draft Report o n Wast e Managemen t Practice s o n Alaska' s Nort h Slop e - Draft fo rPubli cComment " EPAOffic e o fSoli d Wast e an d Emergenc yRespons e (Washington , D.C) , pag e 1
. U.S
. Environmenta l Protectio n Agency , 1987
. Report t o Congress : "Managemen t o fWaste s fro m th e Exploration , Development , an d Productio n o fCrud e Oil , Natura l Gas , an d Geotherma l Energy. " EP AOffic e o f Soli d Wast e an d Emergenc yRespons e (Washington , D.C) , Decembe r31
. U.S
. Environmenta l Protectio n Agency , 1988
. "RegulatoryDeterminatio n fo rOil an d Ga s an d Geotherma l Exploration , Developmen t an d Productio n Wastes. " 5 3 Federa l Register , page s 25446-25459 , Jul y6
. Mid-Cours e Evaluatio n AP I Environmenta l Guidanc e Document , 1989
. "Onshor e Soli d Wast e Managemen t i n Exploratio n an d Productio n Operations. " America n Petroleu m Institute , 122 0 L Street , N.W. , Washington , D.C
. Interstat e Oil & Ga s Commission , 1989
. Summaryo fStat e Statute s an d Regulation s fo rOi l & Ga s Production
. Jun e 1989
. Uoy d E
. Deuel , Jr. , Ph.D. , "Evaluatio n o fU'mitin g Constituents Suggeste d fo rLan d Disposa l o fExploratio n an d Productio n Wastes" , Marc h 1990
.

3 4P.3 8



### Reques t b

y Wast e Crud

e Oi l Reclaimer s September 18 , 199 0 Pag e -37 -

1 . Th e RegulatoryDeterminatio n i s properl yconsidere d a determinatio n unde r 4 2 U.S.C . §6982(M ) a s a determinatio n o f whethe r t o regulat e oi l an d gas . exploratio n an

d productio n wastes . Th e listing o f exemp t an d nonexemp t oilfiel d activitie s wa s simpl ya guidance , an d no t i n accordanc e wit h for
ma l rulemakin g requirements . 2 . Sectio n 6982(M ) direct s the Administrato r t o conduc t a detaile d an d comprehensiv e stud

yan d submi t a repor t o n the advers e effects , i f any , o f drillin g fluids , produce d waters , an d othe r waste s associate d wit h the ex ploration , development , o r productio n o f crud e oi l o r natura l ga s o r geotherma l energ

yo n huma n healt h an d the environment , including , bu t no t limite d to , the effect s o f suc h waste s o n humans , water , air , health , wel
fare , an

d natura l resource s an d o n the adequac yo f mean s an d measure s cur rentl yemploye d b

ythe oi l an

d ga s an

d geotherma l drilling an d productio n industry , Governmen t agencies , an d other s t o dispos e o f an d utiliz e such waste s an

d t o preven t o r substantiall ymitigat e suc h advers e effects . Suc h stud

yshal l includ e a n analysi s o f - - (A ) the source s an d volume s o f discarde d materia l generate d pe r yea r fromsuc h wastes ; (B ) presen t disposa l practices ; (C ) potentia l dange r t o huma n healt h an d the environmen t fromthe sur fac e runof f o r leachate ; (D ) documen t case s whic h prov e o r hav e cause d dange r t o huma n healt h an d the environmen t fro msurfac e runof f o r leachate ; (E ) alternative s t o curren t disposa l methods ; (F ) th

e cos t o f suc h alternatives ; an d (G ) '"""th

e impac t o f thos e alternative s o n the exploratio n for , an d develop
ment : an

dproductio

nof , crud e oi l an

d natura l ga s o r geotherma l energy . 3 . Thi s i s the listing upo n whic h primaryfocu s i s placed . B yrevie wo f the earlie r reference s t o the Repor t t o Congress , i t i s observe d tha t any thing upstreamo f deliveryfo r transpor t t o a refine r i s a primaryfiel d operation . 4 . Obviously , th e origi n o f the storag e facilit yo r separato r woul d have t o b e upstreamo f the manifestin g fo r transpor t t o a refinery . 5 . Th e "certai n circumstances " include d thos e E& P waste s whic h presente d wha t EPAthough t t o b e a highe r degre e o f wastes . Among ' thes e wer e wast eP.3 9



### Reques t b

y Wast e Crud

e Oi l Reclaimer s September 18 , 199 0 Pag e -38 -
crud e oil . Indeed , eve n i n it s earlies t stud yo f the problem , EP Aob
serve d tha t the hig h volume o f material s wa s a significan t reaso n fo r th e exemption . 4 3 F.R . 5894 6 (Dec . 18 , 1978) .

- s •