UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460 

OFFICE OF 

CHEMICAL SAFETY AND POLLUTION PREVENTION 

PC Code: 122305 

DP Barcode: 409374 

Date: October 29, 2014 

MEMORANDUM 

DATE: October 29, 2014 

SUBJECT: Tier I Drinking Water Assessment for the new chemical benzovindiflupyr (P.C. 

Code: 122305) proposed Section 3 uses on blueberries, canota, cereal crops (oats, 

wheat, rye, and barley), corn, cotton, cucurbits, tomatoes, grapes, legumes, 

ornamentals, peanuts, pomegranate, soybeans, potatoes, turf grass, and 

FROM: 

Through: 

ornamentals (DP Barcode 409374) 

Gabe Rothman, Environmental Scientist 

Environmental Risk Branch V 

Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507P) 

Mah Shamim, Ph.D, Chief 

Environmental Risk Branch V 

Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507 P) 

TO: Peter Savoia, Chemist 

William Irwin, Toxicologist 

Seyed Tadayon, Chemist 

Danette Drew, Chemist 

Michael Metzger, Chief 

Health Effects Division (7509P) 

Shaunta Hill, Risk Manager Reviewer 

Cynthia Giles-Parker, Branch Chief 

Registration Division (7505P) 

Fungicide Branch 

Registration Division (7505P) 

;o! VI /If 

Enclosed is the Tier I drinking water assessment for the new fungicide active ingredient 

benzovindiflupyr (aka solatenol, SYN545 I 92) proposed Section 3 uses on blueberries, canola, 

1 
2 

cereal crops (oats, wheat, rye, and barley), corn, cotton, cucurbits, tomatoes, grapes, legumes, 

ornamentals, peanuts, pomegranate, soybeans, potatoes, turf grass, and ornamentals. If you have 

any further questions regarding this assessment, please contact Gabriel Rothman at (703) 347-

8011 or Rothman.Gabe@epa.gov. 
3 

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 

This Tier I Drinking Water Assessment for the new active ingredient benzovindiflupyr (a.k.a. 

solatneol or SYN545192) containing estimates of the upper bound residue concentration in 

surface and ground water drinking water sources resulting from its proposed uses is being 

provided. Benzovindiflupyr is proposed to be used on a wide variety of agricultural crops, turf, 

and nursery crops. Refer to the Use Characterization section below for additional information. 

Benzovindiflupyr is a pyrazole/amide fungicide. Pyrazole fungicides currently registered in the 

United States include pyraclostrobin, isopyrazam, fluxapyroxad, penflufen, penthiopyrad, 

furamepyr, bixafen, pyrametostrobin, rabenzazole, and sedaxane. Amide fungicides currently 

registered in the United States include cyflufenamide and mandipropamid1, Benzovindiflupyr is 

intended to prevent or treat a wide variety of fungal diseases. The mode of action proposed by 

the registrant identifies benzovindiflupyr as an inhibitor of the succinate dehydrogenase 

generation mechanism of the citric acid cycle. This process is a vital energy production step that 

takes place in the mitochondrial part of the cell. The active ingredient benzovindiflupyr is a 

(50:50) racemic mixture. The proposed benzovindiflupyr products consist of either emulsifiable 

concentrate or water dispersible granule formulations. Emulsifiable concentrate formulations 

compose of benzovindiflupyr as the single active ingredient (10.27% a.i.) or compose of the 

following co-formulants: 7.5%:11.25% benzovindiflupyr:difenoconazole, 2.24%:11.25% 

benzovindiflupyr:difenoconazole, and 7.24%: 12.07% benzovindiflupyr:propiconazole. Water 

dispersible granules compose of the multiple active ingredients benzovindiflupyr (15% a.i.) and 

axosystrobin (30% a.i.). 

Measures of exposure resulting from the proposed benzovindiflupyr uses in this screening 

drinking water assessment are obtained through modeling efforts only, since national-scale 

monitoring data are not available. This screening drinking water assessment utilizes the Surface 

Water Concentration Calculator (SWCC Version 1.106, released May 22, 2014) to assess surface 

water. Multiple application scenarios were selected to calculate the estimated drinking water 

concentration (EDWC) in surface water based upon the highest application rates, minimum 

retreatment intervals, maximum number of applications, and the consideration of regional 

environmental characteristics resulting in the upper-bound exposure in surface water. Multiple 

application scenarios for the surface water analysis are presented in this screening drinking water 

assessment to identify the upper-bound EDWC associated with all of the proposed uses for 

benzovindiflupyr. Ground water concentrations are estimated using the Tier 1 mode of the 

PRZM-GW Model (Version 1.07, released January 23, 2014). According to current EFED 

guidance, PRZM-GW concentrations were compared to estimates in the Screening Concentration 

in Ground Water model (SCI-GROW, Version 2.3, May 16, 2006) as part of the current ongoing evaluation period of PRZM-GW. 

 

1

 Citation: http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides/class_fungicides.html Accessed September 2013 
4 

The upper-bound EWDCs in surface water and ground water are summarized in Table 1. The 

results in Table 1 show that the driving exposure pathway for drinking water is found from 

solatneol transport to surface water. This is mainly due to its tendency to sorb to soil particles in 

high quantities limiting its ability to leach into ground water. 

Table 1. Summary of upper-bound EDWCs for surface water and ground water associated 

with the proposed uses of benzovindiflupyr. 

Surface Water 

Acute Chronic Cancer 

8.411 5.412 4.043

Ground Water 

Acute Chronic and Cancer 

0.144 <0.144

1. Based on SWCC PA Corn crop scenario. 2. Based on SWCC NY Grape crop scenario. 3. Based on SWCC ME Potato crop scenario. 4. Based on PRZM-GW FL Citrus scenario. 

USE CHARACTERIZATION 

Benzovindiflupyr is proposed to be used in conventional ground, aerial, and chemigation spray 

foliar type of applications on blueberries, canola, cereal crops (oats, wheat, rye, and barley), 

corn, cotton, cucurbits, tomatoes, grapes, legumes, ornamentals, peanuts, pomegranate, 

soybeans, potatoes, turf grass, and ornamentals. Furthermore, banded or in-furrow pre-plant soil 

applications are proposed for peanuts and potatoes. Proposed single maximum application rates 

of benzovindiflupyr range between 0.046 – 0.089 lbs. a.i./A with one to four retreatment 

intervals at a minimum of 7 seven days between applications specified on the proposed product 

labels (Table 2). 
5 

Table 2. Summary of proposed use information for benzovindiflupyr 

emulsifiable concentrate and water dispersible granules. 

CROP USE 

MAX. 

SINGLE 

APP. 

RATE 

(lbs. 

a.i./A)1

MAX. NUMBER OF 

APPS. and MIN. 

RETREATMENT 

INTERVAL

SEASONAL 

APP. RATE 

(lbs. a.i./A)3

APPLICATION 

METHOD 2

Corn 

0.068 4 apps., 7 days 

apart 0.272 Foliar Spray 

(C, G, A) 

Cucurbits 

Tomatoes and Fruiting 

Vegetables 

Grapes 

Tubers (Potatoes) 0.068 4 apps., 7 days 

apart 0.272 

Foliar Spray 

(C, G, A) 

Soil Banded 

or In-Furrow 

Application 

Peanuts 0.089 3 apps., 14 days 

apart 0.267 

Foliar Spray 

(C, G, A) 

Soil Banded 

or In-Furrow 

Application 

Nursery Plants, Tomato 

Transplant, Fruit 

Transplant, Curcubit 

Transplant 

0.088 3 apps., 7 days 

apart 0.264 Foliar Spray 

(G Only) 

Turf Grass 0.088 3 apps., 14 days 

apart 0.264 Foliar Spray 

(G Only) 

Cotton 0.068 3 apps., 7 days 

apart 0.204 Foliar Spray 

(C, G, A) 

Blueberries 0.068 2 apps., 10 days 

apart 0.136 Foliar Spray 

(C, G, A) 
6 

Table 2. Summary of proposed use information for benzovindiflupyr 

emulsifiable concentrate and water dispersible granules. 

CROP USE 

MAX. 

SINGLE 

APP. 

RATE 

(lbs. 

a.i./A)1

MAX. NUMBER OF 

APPS. and MIN. 

RETREATMENT 

INTERVAL

SEASONAL 

APP. RATE 

(lbs. a.i./A)3

APPLICATION 

METHOD 2

Soybeans 

0.068 2 apps., 7 days 

apart 0.136 Foliar Spray 

(C, G, A) Legumes 

Cereal (Oats, Barley, 

and Wheat) 0.068 2 apps., 14 days apart 0.136 Foliar Spray 

(C, G, A) 

Canola 0.068 1 app. 0.068 Foliar Spray 

(C, G, A) 

Pomegranate 0.046 4 apps., 7 days 

apart 0.184 Foliar Spray 

(C, G, A) 

1. Maximum application rate based on product active ingredient density and maximum application rates (specified in 

fl.. oz./A) on product labels. 

2 Foliar spray method identifiers: G = Ground spray; A = Aerial Spray; C = Chemigation 3 Seasonal application rate assumed to be equivalent to a yearly application rate. Further label clarification needed. 

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND TRANSPORT CHARACTERIZATION 

Physical and chemical properties of benzovindiflupyr are shown in Table 3 below. 

Environmental fate and transport properties of benzovindiflupyr based upon registrant submitted 

studies or other references are shown in Table 4 below. 

Table 3. Physical and chemical properties of benzovindiflupyr.

Property Value and units MRID or Source 

Structure MRID 48604402 

Chemical 

Formula C18H15Cl2F2N3O MRID 48604402 

Molecular 

Weight 398.2 g/mol MRID 48604402 

Vapor Pressure 

(25°C) 2.40 x 10-11 torr 

MRID 48604402 

 
7 

Table 3. Physical and chemical properties of benzovindiflupyr.

Property Value and units MRID or Source 

Henry’s Law 

Constant 9.75 x 10-9 atm·m3

/mol EpiSuite 

HENRYWIN v. 3.20 

Water Solubility 

(pH 7, 20°C) 0.98 mg/L MRID 48604402 

Octanol – water 

partition 

coefficient 

(log KOW)

4.30 MRID 48604505 

Table 4. Summary of benzovindiflupyr environmental fate properties.

Study/ 

OCSPP 

Guideline 

No. 

Value and unit 

MRID 

# or 

Citatio

n 

Study 

Classification, 

Comment 

Abiotic 

Hydrolysis 

(835.2120) 

t1/2 = Stable (pH 4 at 50°C) 

t1/2 = Stable (pH 5 at 50°C) 

t1/2 = Stable (pH 7 at 50°C) 

t1/2 = Stable (pH 9 at 25°C) 

48604506 Acceptable 

Aqueous 

Photolysis 

(835.2240) 

t 1⁄2 = 11.2 days (natural water, SFO) 

t 1⁄2 = 88.4 days (pH7 buffer solution, SFO) 48604507 

Supplemental 

 Environmentally 

relevant halflife, corrected 

for dark control 

 Determination of 

natural 

equivalent 

photoperiod in 

the study not 

consistent with 

current OECD or 

OCSPP 

guidance. 

Soil 

Photolysis 

(835.2410) 

Switzerland Loam (Moist): t 1⁄2 = 236 days (SFO) 

Switzerland Loam (Dry): t 1⁄2 = 492 days (SFO) 

48604495 

Supplemental 

 Environmentally 

relevant halflife, corrected 

for dark control 

 Determination of 

natural 

equivalent 
8 

Table 4. Summary of benzovindiflupyr environmental fate properties.

Study/ 

OCSPP 

Guideline 

No. 

Value and unit 

MRID 

# or 

Citatio

n 

Study 

Classification, 

Comment 

photoperiod in 

the study not 

consistent with 

current OECD or 

OCSPP 

guidance. 

Degradation 

in air 

(835.2370) 

Reaction with Hydroxyl Radicals 

t 1⁄2 = 0.237 days 

EpiSuite 

AopWin 

v. 1.92 

NA 

Aerobic Soil 

Metabolism 

(835.4100) 

UK SaCL: t1/2 = 1,788 days (SFO) 

France SiC: t1/2 = 1,628 days (SFO) 

Switzerland L: t1/2 = 661 days (SFO) 

California SaL: t1/2 = 1,177 days (SFO) 

North Dakota SaCL: t1/2 = 1,172 days (SFO) 

Switzerland L: t1/2 = 635 days (SFO) 

48604493 

48604492 

Acceptable

 Foreign soils 

were found to be 

representative of 

dometstic soils 

based on soil 

taxonomy 

Supplemental

 Foreign soil 

representative of 

a few localized 

domestic soils 

based on soil 

toxonomy 

Anaerobic 

Soil 

Metabolism 

(835.4200) 

UK SaCL: t 1⁄2 = 1,339 days (SFO) 48604494 

Acceptable

 Foreign soils 

were found to be 

representative of 

dometstic soils 

based on soil 

taxonomy 

Aerobic 

Aquatic 

Metabolism 

Swiss lake sand sediment: t1/2 = 616 - 742 days (n =2, SFO) 

UK lake silt loam sediment: t1/2 = 427 - 502 days (n = 2, 

SFO) 

48604509 

& 

48604510 

Supplemental 

 Study durations 

insufficient to 
9 

Table 4. Summary of benzovindiflupyr environmental fate properties.

Study/ 

OCSPP 

Guideline 

No. 

Value and unit 

MRID 

# or 

Citatio

n 

Study 

Classification, 

Comment 

(835.4300) determine full 

formation and 

decline cycle for 

degradates 

 Fringe anaerobic 

conditions (low 

dissolved 

oxygen levels, 

pe +pH <12) 

present 

throughout 

studies 

Anaerobic 

Aquatic 

Metabolism 

(835.4400) 

Swiss lake sand sediment: t1/2 = 767- 934 days (n=2, SFO) 

UK lake silt loam sediment t1/2 = 882 days (DFOP) & 

t1/2 = 620 days (SFO) 

48604509 

& 

48604510 

Supplemental 

 Study durations 

insufficient to 

determine full 

formation and 

decline cycle for 

degradates 

Mobility, 

unaged 

leaching, 

adsorption/ 

desorption 

(Koc) 

(835.1220) 

UK SaCL: Koc = 4,414 mL/g; Kd = 123.6 mL/g; OC = 

2.8% 

Fr SiC: Koc = 5,033 mL/g; Kd = 45.3 mL/g; OC = 0.9% 

Switzerland L: Koc = 3,900 mL/g; Kd = 78 mL/g; OC = 

2.0% 

California SaL Koc = 5,214 mL/g; Kd = 36.5 mL/g ; OC = 

0.7 % 

North Dakota SaL: Koc =3,828 mL/g; Kd = 95.7 mL/g ; OC 

= 2.5 % 

48604505 Acceptable

Terrestrial 

Field 

Dissipation 

(835.6100) 

Nebraska, USA Loam/Silty Loam: t1/2 = 1,080 days 

(DFOP) 

Illinois, USA Clay Loam Soil: t1/2 = 2,725 days (SFO) 

Georgia, USA Sandy Loam Soil: t1/2 = 8,190 days (IORE) 

California, USA Loamy Sand Soil: t1/2 = 240 days (DFOP) 

Manitoba, Canada Loam Soil, Bare Plot: t1/2 = 196,000 days 

 (IORE) 

Georgia, USA Loamy Sand Soil: t1/2 = 582 days (DFOP) 

New York, USA Loamy Sand Soil: t1/2 =511 

 1,610 days (IORE) 

 

Illinois soybean leaf disks: 

t1/2 = 4 – 10.5 days (IORE, n = 3 applications) 

Georgia whole peanut plant: 

48604496 

48604497 

48604498 

48604499 

48604502 

48604511 

48604581 

48604497 

48604998 

Acceptable 

Acceptable 

Acceptable

Acceptable 

Supplemental4,5

Acceptable 

Supplemntal4

 

Acceptable 

Acceptable 
10 

Table 4. Summary of benzovindiflupyr environmental fate properties.

Study/ 

OCSPP 

Guideline 

No. 

Value and unit 

MRID 

# or 

Citatio

n 

Study 

Classification, 

Comment 

t1/2 = 6.92 days (IORE, n = 1 application) 

Manitoba barley crop: 

t1/2 = 19.3 days (SFO, n = 1 application,) 

California turf grass clippings 

t1/2 = 0.6 – 6.8 days (IORE, n = 4 applications,) 

New York grass clippings 

t1/2 = 11.7 days (SFO, n = 1 application) 

48604502 

48604580 

48604581 

Supplemental4

Acceptable 

Supplemental4,5

Fish 

Bioconcen 

-tration 

Factor 

(BCF) 

(850.1730) 

Bluegill Sunfish 

Steady State BCF = 116 L/kg (Edible Tissues) 

Steady State BCF = 695 L/kg (Non-Edible Tissues) 

Steady State BCF = 405 L/kg (Whole Fish) 

Time to Steady State = 10 days 

96.9 percent of the accumulated residues in whole fish were 

removed after 7 days of depuration. 

48604521 

Supplemental 

 A large portion 

of radioactivity 

was not 

identified

 Only one test 

concentration 

was examined

1 NA means not applicable. 

2 Half life degradation kinetics scheme determinations: 

SFO = Single First Order, IORE = Indeterminate Order Rate Equation, DFOP = Double First Order in Parallel 3 Soil textural classifications: 

 Sa: Sand, SaCL: Sandy Clay Loam, SaL: Sandy Loam, LSa: Loamy Sand, SiC: Silty Clay, SiL: Silt 

 Loam, L: Loam, CL: Clay Loam 

4,5 No discernible degradation of benzovindiflupyr was observed throughout the study duration. 5 Only two applications were completed in the study amounting to a total load of 0.244 lbs.a.i./A less than the total 

maximum seasonal load of 0.272 lbs a.i./A.

 Benzovindiflupyr Mobility and Transport to Drinking Water Sources 

Benzovindiflupyr that is applied to crops and soil may be transported to surface water via 

erosion of benzovindiflupyr-ladened soil particles concurrent with rain events after application. 

Benzovindiflupyr residues are expected to be readily washed off from crops as suggested from 

foliar dissipation half-lives ranging between 4 – 20 days from turf, barley, peanut, and soybean 

crops (MRID Nos. 48604997, 48604998, 48604502, 48604580, and 48604581). 

Benzovindiflupyr (SYN545192) is very persistent in the terrestrial environment, and therefore 

the longevity for it to be available for runoff will be high after its application. The total soil half-
11 

life in five field dissipation studies were all greater than 2,000 days2

. The total soil half-life in 

three other study plots were still highly persistent but to a lesser degree, ranging from between 

240 – 1,080 days3. The persistence of benzovindiflupyr in the field verified well from laboratory 

aerobic soil metabolism and anaerobic soil metabolism half-lives which ranged from 635 days – 

1,788 days in seven soils4. 

Benzovindiflupyr possesses soil-water partition coefficient (Koc) values ranging between 3,829 – 

5,221 mL/g (MRID No. 48604505), and a water solubility of 0.98 ppm (MRID No. 48604402). 

These high Koc and low solubility values suggest that runoff of benzovindiflupyr residues bound 

to eroded soil particles is expected to most impact surface water bodies. Although 

benzovindiflupyr’s low solubility and mobility indicate that it will leach in small quantities, 

ground water contamination is possible since residual benzovindiflupyr may break through to the 

water table given its highly persistent properties in soil and water (see next section below). 

Benzovindiflupyr is not expected to escape from dry or moist soil surfaces or water bodies to the 

atmosphere via volatilization given its low vapor pressure of 2.4 x 10-11 torr (at 70°C) and low 

Henry’s Law Constant of 9.75 x 10-9 atm∙m3/mol (at 25°C) (MRID No. 48604402). 

Once reaching water bodies, benzovindiflupyr is very persistent in aquatic environments as well. 

 Benzovindiflupyr (SYN545192) was not observed to degrade at 50°C over a 30 day period in 

the hydrolysis study (MRID No. 48604506). In both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, >83 

percent of benzovindiflupyr was still observed 100 days after the application, and half-lives 

ranged between 427 – 934 days (MRID Nos. 48604509 and 48604510). While persistent, a large 

portion of benzovindiflupyr residues present in the water column sorb to sediment. Between 74 

percent – 85 percent of applied benzovindiflupyr was observed to sorb to sediment for a period 

of up to 100 days after the application (MRID Nos. 48604509 and 48604510). 

 Transformation Products of Benzovindiflupyr in Soil and Water 

Given benzovindiflupyr’s persistent properties, small levels of degradates (<< 10 percent of 

applied) were found in most laboratory studies. The only exception is the aquatic photolysis 

study where pyrazole acid formed up to 38.6 percent of applied and pyrazole amine formed up to 

24.5 percent of applied 15 days after application. However, although these metabolites form in 

water in the presence of light, this transformation pathway is not expected to be prevalent in the 

environment given that the low occurrence of light penetration in water bodies nearby 

agricultural fields as well as adjacent streams and reservoirs given the turbid properties of these 

 

2 Study plots include Illinois Sandy Clay Loam Soil (MRID No. 48604497), Georgia Sandy Loam Soil (MRID No. 

48604998), Manitoba (Canada) Loam Bare Plot (MRID No. 48604502), Manitoba (Canada) Cropped Plot (MRID 

No. 48604502), and New York Loamy Sand (MRID No. 48604581). 

3 Study plots include California Loamy Sand Soil (MRID No. 48604499), Nebraska Silty Loam Soil (MRID No. 

48604496), and Georgia Loamy Sand Soil (MRID No. 48604511). 

4 Aerobic soils evaluated include Switzerland Loam Soil (MRID No. 48604492), United Kingdom Sandy Clay 

Loam Soil (MRID No. 48604493), France Silty Clay Soil (MRID No. 48604493), Switzerland Loam Soil (MRID 

No. 48604493), California Sandy Loam Soil (MRID No. 48604493), and North Dakota Sandy Clay Loam Soil 

(MRID No. 48604493). Anaerobic soils evaluated include United Kingdom Sandy Clay Loam Soil (MRID No. 

48604494). 
12 

water bodies. Therefore, given benzovindiflupyr’s persistence in environmentally relevant 

media, this drinking water assessment will be based solely on benzovindiflupyr as decided at the 

Residues of Concern Knowledgebase Subcomittee (ROCKS) meeting dated December 4, 2014. 

Please refer to Table 2 within EFED’s briefing memo, “Data on Benzovindiflupyr 

(Benzovindiflupyr) and Environmental Transformation Products in Support of the ROCKS” (DP 

Barcode 415520, dated November 25, 2013) which shows the potential formation and decline of 

benzovindiflupyr metabolites in soil and water in various environmental fate transformation 

pathways. 

PROBLEM FORMULATION 

The environmental fate properties of benzovindiflupyr and its application methods indicate 

that drinking water exposure may potentially occur in surface reservoir water or in 

drinking water wells. Direct deposition of benzovindiflupyr sprays and subsequent washoff 

from crop foliage, erosion via runoff, and spray drift deposition are potentially the major 

transport mechanisms to surface water. The soil pre-plant applications for peanut and potato 

crops proposed for benzovindiflupyr would potentially most impact ground water drinking water 

sources nearby treated fields than the other foliar applications. Therefore, this drinking water 

exposure assessment will address scenarios which depict the potential for benzovindiflupyr to be 

transported off-site to drinking water sources including surface water and ground water. As per 

the Health Effects Division’s (HED’s) Residues of Concern Knowledgebase Subcommittee 

(ROCKS) (meeting dated December 4, 2014), only parent benzovindiflupyr will be considered 

as the primary residue of concern for the drinking water exposure assessment. Please refer to the 

previous section for a more detailed discussion justifying this decision. 

EXPOSURE ANALYSIS 

Estimated drinking water concentrations (EDWCs) in surface waters for proposed 

benzovindiflupyr applications are estimated using The Surface Water Concentration Calculator 

interface (SWCC version 1.092, dated March 6, 2014). The SWCC is available on-line at: 

http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/water/#swcc. Percent crop areas (PCAs) are accounted for 

in EDWCs specific to each crop to factor in the portion of watersheds that are typically subject 

to pesticide loadings and subsequent transport to water bodies. The guidance, “Development 

and Use of Percent Cropped Area and Percent Turf Area Adjustment Factors in Drinking Water 

Exposure Assessments: 2012 Update”, are used to determine PCA values for each crop (EPA, 

2012). 

Ground water estimated concentrations resulting from the proposed uses of benzovindiflupyr are 

estimated using the PRZM-GW (version 1.07, March 6, 2014) will be used to evaluate ground 

water exposure. PRZM-GW is publically available on-line at 

http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/water/#przm_gw. Results from the long-standing tier I 

SCI-GROW model (Screening Concentration in GRound Water model, Version 2.3, May 16, 

2006) will also be shown in comparison with the PRZM-GW modeling results according to 

EFED guidance related to the evaluation period for the recent release of PRZM-GW. SCI-
13 

GROW is publically available on-line at http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/water/#scigrow. 

Since benzovindiflupyr is a new active ingredient, there are no environmental monitoring data 

available. Therefore, drinking water exposure will only be quantified using EDWCs calculated 

from the models described above. 

 Surface Water

The fate parameters and use-specific input parameters for the SWCC surface water modeling are 

shown in Table 5. The EDWCs of benzovindiflupyr in surface water are shown for aerial and 

ground applications in Table 6. Broadcast aerial applications are only evaluated in this Tier 1 

drinking water assessment for all uses except turf and ornamentals since this is considered to be 

the application method resulting in the most conservative exposure scenario than ground 

applications and localized banded and in-furrow soil applications. Turf and ornamental uses 

evaluate ground spray applications since aerial applications are not proposed on the product 

labels. EDWCs are calculated from the most vulnerable application scenarios considering the 

full scope of uses on product labels and their associated application rates and retreatment 

intervals. The SWCC output files are provided in Appendix A. 

Table 5. SWCC input parameter values used for benzovindiflupyr surface water aquatic exposure 

estimation. 

SWCC Input Parameter Input Value and Unit Source 

Physical Chemical Properties

Molecular Weight (g/mol) 398.2 MRID 48604402 

Vapor Pressure (torr) 2.40 x 10-11 MRID 48604402 

Solubility in Water (mg/L) 0.98 MRID 48604402 

Soil-Water Partition Coefficient (Koc) 

(mL/g) 

4,478 MRID 48604505 

EFED Input Parameter Guidance 

Mean value from batch equilibrium 

studies ( n =-5 soils) 

Environmental Fate Properties

Hydrolysis at pH7 (t1/2) Stable MRID 48604506 

Aerobic soil metabolism (t1/2) and 

Reference Temperature 

1,460 days @ 20°C MRID 48604492 & 48604493 

EFED Input Parameter Guidance 

Upper 90TH percentile confidence 

interval (n = 5 soils) 

Aerobic aquatic metabolism (t1/2) and 

Reference Temperature 

2,920 days @ 20°C MRID 48604509 & 48604510 

EFED Input Parameter Guidance 

No valid aerobic aquatic metabolism 

study available. Conservative default 

of 2 x aerobic soil metabolism half-life 

used (2 x 1,460 days). 
14 

Table 5. SWCC input parameter values used for benzovindiflupyr surface water aquatic exposure 

estimation. 

SWCC Input Parameter Input Value and Unit Source 

Anaerobic aquatic metabolism (t1/2) 

and Reference Temperature 

907 days @ 20°C MRID 48604494 

EFED Input Parameter Guidance 

Upper 90th percentile confidence 

interval (n = 4 soil-water sediment 

systems) 

Aqueous Photolysis (t1/2) and 

Reference latitude 

88.4 days@ 45°N MRID 486045071

Application Methods and Crop Management Input Parameters

Crop Scenario and Weather PA Corn 

14751.dvf 

(Harrisburg, PA) 

ME Corn 

14607.dvf 

(Caribou, ME) 

FL Tomato 

12844.dvf 

(West Palm Beach, FL) 

NC Peanuts 

13722.dvf 

(Raleigh, NC) 

NY Grape 

14860.dvf 

(Erie, PA) 

NJ Nursery 

93730.dvf 

(Atlantic City, NJ) 

FL Cucumbers 

12844.dvf 

(West Palm Beach, FL) 

FL Turf 

12834.dvf 

Selected crop scenarios most 

vulnerable for composite proposed 

uses nationwide including corn, 

cucurbits, fruit and tomatoes, grapes, 

tubers (potatoes), peanuts, 

ornamentals, turf, cotton, blueberries, 

soybean, legumes, cereal (oats, barley, 

and wheat), canola, and pomegranate. 

 Refer to Table 2 for information on 

maximum application rates specified 

on the label for proposed uses which 

was partially considered to select crop 

scenarios. 
15 

Table 5. SWCC input parameter values used for benzovindiflupyr surface water aquatic exposure 

estimation. 

SWCC Input Parameter Input Value and Unit Source 

(Daytona Beach, FL) 

 

Application Rate PA Corn, ME Potato, FL 

Tomato, NY Grape, 

FL Cucumber 

0.076 kg/ha (all apps.) 

NJ Nursery, 

FL Turf, NC Peanut 

0.1 kg/ha (all apps.) 

Maximum single application rate 

specified on product labels

Number of Applications and 

Retreatment Interval 

PA Corn, ME Potato, FL 

Tomato, NY Grape, 

FL Cucumber 

4 apps. 7 days apart 

NJ Nursery 

3 apps., 7 days apart 

FL Turf, NC Peanut 

3 apps., 14 days apart 

Based on maximum seasonal app. 

rates (specified in Table 2) and 

minimum retreatment intervals 

specified in product labels. 

Application Date PA Corn: June 20 

ME Potato: Aug. 15 

FL Tomato: May1

NC Peanuts: Aug. 1 

NY Grape: Sept. 15

NJ Nursery: Aug. 5

FL Cucumber: Oct. 25

FL Turf: Oct. 5

Selected based on maximum rainfall 

climatological date at meteorological 

station after crop emergence date 

specified in PRZM crop scenario 

based on expected pest pressure 

PCA 0.95 Maximum national PCA for all 

agricultural and turf use combinations 

from Table 5 of, “Development and 

Use of Percent Cropped Area and 

Percent Turf Are Adjustment Factors 

in Drinking Water Exposure 

Assessments: 2012 Update” 

Application Methods Foliar Simulating foliar applications from 

aerial and ground product spray 

applications as specified on product 

labels 

Application Efficiency PA Corn, ME Potato, FL 

Tomato, NY Grape 

EFED input parameter guidance for 

aerial and ground applications 
16 

Table 5. SWCC input parameter values used for benzovindiflupyr surface water aquatic exposure 

estimation. 

SWCC Input Parameter Input Value and Unit Source 

FL Cucumber

Aerial apps.: 0.95 

FL Turf, NJ Nursery 

Ground apps.: 0.99 

Spray Drift Fraction PA Corn, ME Potato, FL 

Tomato, NY Grape 

FL Cucumber

Aerial apps.: 0.135 

FL Turf, NJ Nursery 

Ground apps. 0.066 

Spray drift fraction for aerial and 

ground applications from Table 2 of 

EPA, 2013, “Guidance on Modeling 

Offsite Deposition of Pesticides via 

Spray Drift”. 

Foliar Extraction FEXTRC = 0.5 Default assumption for foliar 

applications 1

 The upper 90th percentile half life calculated as follows: t1/2 input = + (t90, n-1 x σ) 

 n1/2 

where is the mean of the set of half lives from each study, t90, n-1 is the one-sided t value for the 90th percentile 

level, σ is the standard deviation of the set of half lives determined from each study, and n is the sample size of the 

set of half lives determined from each study. 

Table 6. SWCC estimated upper bound concentrations in surface water (ppb) 

for benzovindiflupyr. 

Crop Scenarios and 

App. Method1

PCA 

Annual 

Peak 

(Acute)2

Annual 

Mean 

(Chronic)2

30-year Mean 

(Cancer) 

PA Corn (aerial) 

0.95 

8.41 3.85 2.86 

ME Potato (aerial) 7.92 4.89 4.04 

FL Tomato (aerial) 6.11 2.14 1.69 

NC Peanuts (aerial) 5.18 2.63 2.26 

NY Grape (aerial) 8.35 5.41 3.96 

FL Cucumber (aerial) 6.14 2.05 1.56 

NJ Nursery (ground) 4.59 2.35 1.72 

FL Turf (ground) 1.66 0.868 0.720 

*Bold text indicate maximum values. 

1

Selected crop scenarios most vulnerable for composite proposed uses nationwide including corn, cucurbits, fruit and 

tomatoes, grapes, tubers (potatoes), peanuts, ornamentals, turf, cotton, blueberries, soybean, legumes, cereal (oats, 

barley, and wheat), canola, and pomegranate. Refer to Table 2 for information on maximum application rates 

specified on the label for proposed uses which was partially considered to select crop scenarios. 2

 One-in-ten year estimated value. 

 Ground Water
17 

Tables 7 and 8 show the input parameter values used in PRZM-GW and its predicted 

concentrations of benzovindiflupyr in ground water. Tier I scenarios are run in this assessment 

to capture upper-bound screening exposure based on vulnerable environmental conditions. 

Broadcast ground applications at 0.089 lbs. a.i./A, 3 applications, 7 days apart are evaluated 

corresponding to proposed peanut and potato soil incorporated uses. Broadcast ground spray 

uses are the conservative application method evaluated for ground water exposure since the 

residues initially reside closest to the ground water source versus aerial applications. The 

PRZM-GW output files for both scenarios are provided in Appendix B. 

Table 7. PRZM-GW input parameter values for physical chemical and fate 

properties used for benzovindiflupyr surface water aquatic exposure estimation. 

PRZM/EXAMS Input 

Parameter 

Input Value and Unit Source 

Pesticide Properties

Hydrolysis at pH7 (t1/2) Stable MRID 409242201

Surface soil metabolism (t1/2) at 

25°C 

1,030 days MRID 48604492 & 48604493 

EFED Input Parameter Guidance 

Upper 90TH percentile 

confidence interval 9n = 5 

soils)1,2,4: 

 

Soil-Water Partition Coefficient 

(Koc) 

(mL/g) 

4,478 MRID 48604505 

EFED Input Parameter Guidance 

Mean value (n = 5 soils): 

 

Application Methods and Crop Management Input Parameters

Crop Scenarios, Application 

Date5, and Weather 

WI Sands: Jul. 5, w14920 (La Crosse, WI) 

NC Coastal: Aug. 1, w13722 (Raleigh, NC) 

GA Coastal: Jul. 1, w93805 (Tallahasse, FL) 

Delmarva Peninsula: May 15, w13781 (Wilmington, 

 DE) 

FL Citrus: Aug. 10, w12842 (Tampa, FL) 

FL Potato: Apr. 10, w13889 (Jacksonville, FL) 

Application Rate 0.1 kg/ha Maximum single application 

rate, maximum seasonal 

application rate, and minimum 

retreatment application interval 

out of all uses proposed for 

ornamentals on product labels3

Number of Applications and 

Retreatment Interval 

3 applications with a 

7- day interval 

Application Methods Ground application4 Most conservative application 

method from product labels 1

 Half-lives readjusted from studies conducted at 20°C to 25°C using Q10 = 2 relationship (half-lives decrease by 
18 

one-half for every 10°C increase in temperature). 2

 The upper 90th percentile half life calculated as follows: t1/2 input = + (t90, n-1 x σ) 

 n1/2 

where is the mean of the set of half lives from each study, t90, n-1 is the one-sided t value for the 90th percentile 

level, σ is the standard deviation of the set of half lives determined from each study, and n is the sample size of the 

set of half lives determined from each study. 3

 Identified from proposed A154157 Label. 

4 Equal distribution of the chemical assumed incorporated within the top 4-cm of the soil. 

Table 8. PRZM-GW estimated upper bound concentrations in ground water 

(ppb) for solatneol. 

Tier I Scenario 

Highest Daily Value 

(Acute) 

Post-Breakthrough 

Average 

(Chronic and Cancer) 

WI Sands <0.01 

NC Coastal <0.01 

GA Coastal <0.01 

FL Citrus 0.14 <0.141

FL Potato <0.01 

Delmarva Peninsula <0.01 

*Bolded values show the highest ground water EDWC. 

1

 Based on a simulation with 30 years of meteorological data. For further discussion, please refer to the exposure 

characterization below. 

Tables 9 and 10 show the input parameter values used in SCI-GROW and its predicted 

concentrations of benzovindiflupyr in ground water, respectively. The ground water 

concentrations generated by SCI-GROW represents the largest 90-day average value. Since 

there is relatively little temporal variation in ground water concentrations compared to surface 

water, the predicted concentration in SCI-GROW can be considered suitable for both the acute 

and chronic exposures. The SCI-GROW output files for both scenarios are provided in 

Appendix B. 

Table 9. SCI-GROW input parameter values for physical chemical and fate 

properties used for benzovindiflupyr. 

SCI-GROW Input Parameter Input Value and Unit Source 

Application Methods and Crop Management Input Parameters 

Maximum Application Rate 

(lbs. a.i./A) 

0.089 Maximum single application rate 

out of all crops proposed for 

ornamentals1

Number of Applications 3 Maximum number of retreatments out of all crops 

proposed for ornamentals1

Physical Chemical Properties

Solubility in Water 0.98 mg/L MRID 48604402 
19 

Table 9. SCI-GROW input parameter values for physical chemical and fate 

properties used for benzovindiflupyr. 

SCI-GROW Input Parameter Input Value and Unit Source 

Soil-Water Partition Coefficient 

(Koc) 

4,414 mL/g MRID 48604505 

EFED Input Parameter Guidance 

Median value (n = 5 soils 

 

Environmental Fate Properties

Aerobic soil metabolism (t1/2) 832 days MRID 48604492 & 48604493 

EFED Input Parameter Guidance 

Mean value (n = 5 soils) 

1

 Identified from proposed A154157 Label. 

2

 Half-lives readjusted from studies conducted at 20°C to 25°C using Q10 = 2 relationship (half-lives decrease by 

one-half for every 10°C increase in temperature). 

Table 10. SCI-GROW estimated upper bound concentrations in 

ground water (ppb) for all benzovindiflupyr proposed uses (ppb). 

Acute Chronic and Cancer 

<0.01 

EXPOSURE CHARACTERIZATION 

The surface water modeling results from the SWCC depicts benzovindiflupyr’s ability to enter 

water bodies, and is the driving exposure pathway for drinking water versus ground water 

exposure. Based on benzovindiflupyr’s tendency to bind to soil bodies, erosion of 

benzovindiflupyr-ladened soil particles is the dominate transport mechanism to surface water. 

Tables 8 and 10 both show that PRZM-GW and SCIGROW respectively indicate that ground 

water exposure is minimal. This is expected given benzovindiflupyr’s low proposed application 

rates, low solubility, and high tendency to bind to soil particles. It should be noted that PRZMGW indicates that ground water concentrations are expected to be low with a very small increase 

over time. PRZM-GW is likely capturing a slow release of benzovindiflupyr into ground water 

resulting from small amounts of dissolved benzovindiflupyr leaching to ground water over time, 

and once reaching ground water, benzovindiflupyr remains persistent. However, given 

benzovindiflupyr’s high tendency for binding to soil particles, this downward movement of 

benzovindiflupyr and its eventual breakthrough into ground water is expected to be negligible. 

This can be verified with all of the field dissipation studies for benzovindiflupyr where the vast 
20 

majority of benzovindiflupyr residues remain above 7.5 cm (3 inches) beneath the soil surface5

. 

Although Table 8 reports the results the peak and post-breakthrough average concentrations 

consistent with the concentrations at the end of the modeling simulation time series, it is not 

expected that concentrations of benzovindiflupyr would exceed the levels reported in Table 8

given its low application rate, tendency to sorb to soil particles, and expectation that 

benzovindiflupyr would mainly remain in top soil which would be more readily available for 

erosion via runoff rather than leaching. Therefore, given its fate and transport characteristics in 

soil and nature of benzovindiflupyr applications, surface water exposure is expected to be the 

primary route of exposure for drinking water. Please refer to Appendix B showing the time 

series of the PRZM-GW results.

UNCERTAINTIES AND LIMITATIONS 

The main uncertainty in this drinking water assessment for benzovindiflupyr concerns a major 

deficiency in the aerobic aquatic studies (MRID Nos. 48604509 and 48604510). The aerobic 

aquatic metabolism half-life is one critical parameter impacting acute and chronic EDWCs for 

surface water. Conditions in these studies were fringe anaerobic (suboxic) as the criteria for 

aerobic conditions taking into account redox potential and pH was not satisfied6. However, 

benzovindiflupyr is very persistent in all environmental media with half-lives in the range of 620 

– 1,788 days in soil and water. So, it is unlikely that benzovindiflupyr would degrade 

exceptionally faster in water under aerobic conditions. In lieu of the aerobic aquatic studies 

available, this uncertainty is addressed in this drinking water assessment by utilizing the 

conservative default of doubling the soil metabolism half-life to represent the aquatic 

environmental biodegradation in the modeling. However, given that benzovindiflupyr is 

persistent as it is, EDWCs would not be impacted unless aerobic aquatic metabolism half-lives 

much lower in magnitude than other degradation pathways, which is not likely given the 

appearance of the persistent moiety of benzovindiflupyr in the environment. 

One other limitation in this screening drinking water assessment is that surface water EDWCs 

presented in this drinking water assessment for the proposed nationwide uses of 

benzovindiflupyr are based on a finite collection of application scenarios. While finite, the 

application scenarios for crops were selected based on the combination of the highest application 

rates proposed for crops, application methods, and environmental conditions across the country 

which would result in upper-bound exposure out of all of the proposed uses for benzovindiflupyr 

consistent with the screening approach to this drinking water assessment. First, only scenarios 

for potatoes, peanuts, ornamentals, turf, corn, cucumbers, tomatoes, and grapes were evaluated 

since maximum seasonal application rates were the higher than the remaining crops (0.264 – 

0.272 lbs. a.i./A). While maximum single application rates for the remaining crops including 

cotton blueberries, soybeans, legumes, oat, barley, wheat, canola, and pomegranate were all 

similar at up to 0.068 lbs. a.i./A, less quantity of retreatments are proposed for these crops, and 

therefore the seasonal load for these crops are less, in the range of 0.068 – 0.204 lbs. a.i./A. 

Second, only aerial applications are evaluated for surface water for all application scenarios 

 

5 MRID Nos. 48604496, 48604497, 48604498, 48604499, 48604502, 48604511, 48605580, and 48604581. 

6 The criteria for aerobic conditions is pe + pH >12 where pe = redox potential/59.2 (Sposito, 1989). 
21 

except where only ground spray applications are proposed for turf and ornamental uses. Aerial 

applications result in upper-bound EDWCs since the spray drift contribution with these 

applications most impact water bodies. Third, the crop scenario regions evaluated in the surface 

water exposure assessment were selected based on the scenario which produces the highest 

runoff and resulting exposure out of all regional crop scenarios developed across the country. 

While EDWCs are presented for multiple crops, EDWCs are not specified for every proposed 

crop in this screening drinking water assessment. However, multiple crop scenarios for the 

surface water evaluation are presented, but this presentation is provided to identify the upperbound EDWC for surface water. With this stated, the maximum EDWCs identified in Table 6 is 

considered the upper-bound EDWCs for the entire collection of proposed crops for 

benzovindiflupyr, considering all of the decision points related to application rates, application 

methods, and environmental regional variations discussed above. 

It should also be noted that while surface water exposure is the driving exposure pathway for 

drinking water, the results reported from PRZM-GW are based on the Tier 1 mode of the model. 

 While multiple scenarios are presented for ground water EDWCs, these scenarios are not 

necessarily representative of the benzovindiflupyr uses. Rather, the Tier 1 EDWCs resulting 

from PRZM-GW are conservatively based on most vulnerable environmental conditions which 

have been identified for ground water contamination throughout the country. Therefore, this 

approach using the Tier 1 mode of PRZM-GW provides the first step in the screening ground 

water assessment for all chemicals subject to ground water contamination. Despite this 

conservative Tier 1 approach to the ground water assessment, the proposed uses of 

benzovindiflupyr were found to minimally impact ground water sources. 

REFERENCES

Barrett, M. 1997. Proposal For a Method to Determine Screening Concentration Estimates for 

Drinking Water Derived from Ground Water Studies. EPA Office of Pesticide Programs. 

Washington, DC. 

Sposito, G. 1989. The Chemistry of Soils. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2012. Guidance for using PRZM-GW in Drinking Water 

Exposure Assessments. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Prevention, Pesticides and 

Toxic Substances, Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental Fate and Effects Division. October 

15, 2012. 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2012.. Development and Use of Percent Cropped Area 

and Percent Turf Area Adjustment Factors in Drinking Water Exposure Assessments: 2012 

Update. EPA Office of Pesticide Programs. Washington, DC. 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2012. Guidance for using PRZM-GW in Drinking Water 

Exposure Assessments. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Prevention, Pesticides and 

Toxic Substances, Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental Fate and Effects Division. October 
22 

15, 2012. 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2014. Surface Water Concentration Calculator User Manual, 

Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental 

Fate and Effects Division. July 1, 2014. 
23 

Appendix A – Surface Water Modeling 

Figure A-1. SWCC output for PA Corn scenario. 

Estimated Environmental Concentrations (ppb) for Benzovindiflupyr.

Peak (1-in-10 yr) 8.85 

4-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 8.06 

21-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 6.62 

60-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 5.14 

365-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 4.05 

Entire Simulation Mean 3.01 

Summary of Model Inputs for Benzovindiflupyr. 

Scenario PAcornSTD 

Cropped Area Fraction 1.0 

Koc (ml/g) 4478 

Water Half-Life (days) @ 20 °C 2920 

Benthic Half-Life (days) @ 20 °C 907 

Photolysis Half-Life (days) @ 45 

°Lat 

88.4 

Hydrolysis Half-Life (days) 0 

Soil Half-Life (days) @ 20 °C 1460 

Foliar Half-Life (days) 0 

Molecular Wt 398.2 

Vapor Pressure (torr) 2.4e-11 

Solubility (mg/l) 0.98 

Application Schedule for Benzovindiflupyr. 

Date (Mon/Day) Type Amount (kg/ha) Eff. Drift 

6/20 Foliar 0.076 0.95 0.135 

6/27 Foliar 0.076 0.95 0.135 

7/4 Foliar 0.076 0.95 0.135 
24 

7/11 Foliar 0.076 0.95 0.135 

Yearly Peak Concentrations 
25 

Figure A-2. SWCC output for FL Cucumber scenario. 

Estimated Environmental Concentrations (ppb) for Benzovindiflupyr.

Peak (1-in-10 yr) 6.46 

4-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 5.63 

21-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 3.91 

60-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 3.38 

365-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 2.16 

Entire Simulation Mean 1.64 

Summary of Model Inputs for Benzovindiflupyr. 

Scenario FLcucumberSTD 

Cropped Area Fraction 1.0 

Koc (ml/g) 4478 

Water Half-Life (days) @ 20 °C 2920 

Benthic Half-Life (days) @ 20 °C 907 

Photolysis Half-Life (days) @ 45 

°Lat 

88.4 

Hydrolysis Half-Life (days) 0 

Soil Half-Life (days) @ 20 °C 1460 

Foliar Half-Life (days) 0 

Molecular Wt 398.2 

Vapor Pressure (torr) 2.4e-11 

Solubility (mg/l) 0.98 

Application Schedule for Benzovindiflupyr. 

Date (Mon/Day) Type Amount (kg/ha) Eff. Drift 

10/25 Foliar 0.076 0.95 0.135 

10/31 Foliar 0.076 0.95 0.135 

11/7 Foliar 0.076 0.95 0.135 

11/14 Foliar 0.076 0.95 0.135 
26 

Yearly Peak Concentrations 
27 

Figure A-3. SWCC output for NY Grape scenario. 

Estimated Environmental Concentrations (ppb) for Benzovindiflupyr.

Peak (1-in-10 yr) 8.79 

4-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 8.33 

21-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 7.32 

60-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 6.58 

365-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 5.69 

Entire Simulation Mean 4.17 

Summary of Model Inputs for Benzovindiflupyr. 

Scenario NYGrapesSTD 

Cropped Area Fraction 1.0 

Koc (ml/g) 4478 

Water Half-Life (days) @ 20 °C 2920 

Benthic Half-Life (days) @ 20 °C 907 

Photolysis Half-Life (days) @ 45 

°Lat 

88.4 

Hydrolysis Half-Life (days) 0 

Soil Half-Life (days) @ 20 °C 1460 

Foliar Half-Life (days) 0 

Molecular Wt 398.2 

Vapor Pressure (torr) 2.4e-11 

Solubility (mg/l) 0.98 

Application Schedule for Benzovindiflupyr. 

Date (Mon/Day) Type Amount (kg/ha) Eff. Drift 

9/15 Foliar 0.076 0.95 0.135 

9/22 Foliar 0.076 0.95 0.135 

9/29 Foliar 0.076 0.95 0.135 

10/6 Foliar 0.076 0.95 0.135 
28 

Yearly Peak Concentrations 
29 

Figure A-4. SWCC output for NJ Nursery scenario. 

Estimated Environmental Concentrations (ppb) for Benzovindiflupyr.

Peak (1-in-10 yr) 4.83 

4-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 4.40 

21-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 3.77 

60-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 3.18 

365-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 2.47 

Entire Simulation Mean 1.81 

Summary of Model Inputs for Benzovindiflupyr. 

Scenario NJnurserySTD_V2 

Cropped Area Fraction 1.0 

Koc (ml/g) 4478 

Water Half-Life (days) @ 20 °C 2920 

Benthic Half-Life (days) @ 20 °C 907 

Photolysis Half-Life (days) @ 45 

°Lat 

88.4 

Hydrolysis Half-Life (days) 0 

Soil Half-Life (days) @ 20 °C 1460 

Foliar Half-Life (days) 0 

Molecular Wt 398.2 

Vapor Pressure (torr) 2.4e-11 

Solubility (mg/l) 0.98 

Application Schedule for Benzovindiflupyr. 

Date (Mon/Day) Type Amount (kg/ha) Eff. Drift 

8/5 Foliar 0.1 0.99 0.066 

8/12 Foliar 0.1 0.99 0.066 

8/19 Foliar 0.1 0.99 0.066 
30 

Yearly Peak Concentrations 
31 

Figure A-5. SWCC output for NC Peanuts scenario. 

Estimated Environmental Concentrations (ppb) for Benzovindiflupyr.

Peak (1-in-10 yr) 5.45 

4-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 5.02 

21-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 4.29 

60-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 3.62 

365-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 2.77 

Entire Simulation Mean 2.38 

Summary of Model Inputs for Benzovindiflupyr. 

Scenario NCpeanutSTD 

Cropped Area Fraction 1.0 

Koc (ml/g) 4478 

Water Half-Life (days) @ 20 °C 2920 

Benthic Half-Life (days) @ 20 °C 907 

Photolysis Half-Life (days) @ 45 

°Lat 

88.4 

Hydrolysis Half-Life (days) 0 

Soil Half-Life (days) @ 20 °C 1460 

Foliar Half-Life (days) 0 

Molecular Wt 398.2 

Vapor Pressure (torr) 2.4e-11 

Solubility (mg/l) 0.98 

Application Schedule for Benzovindiflupyr. 

Date (Mon/Day) Type Amount (kg/ha) Eff. Drift 

8/1 Foliar 0.1 0.95 0.135 

8/15 Foliar 0.1 0.95 0.135 

8/29 Foliar 0.1 0.95 0.135 
32 

Yearly Peak Concentrations 
33 

Figure A-6. SWCC output for ME Potatoes scenario. 

Estimated Environmental Concentrations (ppb) for Benzovindiflupyr.

Peak (1-in-10 yr) 8.34 

4-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 7.74 

21-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 6.60 

60-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 5.80 

365-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 5.15 

Entire Simulation Mean 4.25 

Summary of Model Inputs for Benzovindiflupyr. 

Scenario MEpotatoSTD 

Cropped Area Fraction 1.0 

Koc (ml/g) 4478 

Water Half-Life (days) @ 20 °C 2920 

Benthic Half-Life (days) @ 20 °C 907 

Photolysis Half-Life (days) @ 45 

°Lat 

88.4 

Hydrolysis Half-Life (days) 0 

Soil Half-Life (days) @ 20 °C 1460 

Foliar Half-Life (days) 0 

Molecular Wt 398.2 

Vapor Pressure (torr) 2.4e-11 

Solubility (mg/l) 0.98 

Application Schedule for Benzovindiflupyr. 

Date (Mon/Day) Type Amount (kg/ha) Eff. Drift 

8/15 Foliar 0.076 0.95 0.135 

8/22 Foliar 0.076 0.95 0.135 

8/29 Foliar 0.076 0.95 0.135 

9/5 Foliar 0.076 0.95 0.135 
34 

Yearly Peak Concentrations 
35 

Figure A-7. SWCC output for FL Tomatoes scenario. 

Estimated Environmental Concentrations (ppb) for Benzovindiflupyr.

Peak (1-in-10 yr) 6.43 

4-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 5.61 

21-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 4.33 

60-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 3.42 

365-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 2.25 

Entire Simulation Mean 1.78 

Summary of Model Inputs for Benzovindiflupyr. 

Scenario FLtomatoSTD_V2 

Cropped Area Fraction 1.0 

Koc (ml/g) 4478 

Water Half-Life (days) @ 20 °C 2920 

Benthic Half-Life (days) @ 20 °C 907 

Photolysis Half-Life (days) @ 45 

°Lat 

88.4 

Hydrolysis Half-Life (days) 0 

Soil Half-Life (days) @ 20 °C 1460 

Foliar Half-Life (days) 0 

Molecular Wt 398.2 

Vapor Pressure (torr) 2.4e-11 

Solubility (mg/l) 0.98 

Application Schedule for Benzovindiflupyr. 

Date (Mon/Day) Type Amount (kg/ha) Eff. Drift 

5/1 Foliar 0.076 0.95 0.135 

5/8 Foliar 0.076 0.95 0.135 

6/15 Foliar 0.076 0.95 0.135 

6/22 Foliar 0.076 0.95 0.135 
36 

Yearly Peak Concentrations 
37 

Figure A-8. SWCC output for FL Turf scenario. 

Estimated Environmental Concentrations (ppb) for Benzovindiflupyr.

Peak (1-in-10 yr) 1.75 

4-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 1.61 

21-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 1.31 

60-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 1.24 

365-day Avg (1-in-10 yr) 0.914 

Entire Simulation Mean 0.758 

Summary of Model Inputs for Benzovindiflupyr. 

Scenario FLturfSTD 

Cropped Area Fraction 1.0 

Koc (ml/g) 4478 

Water Half-Life (days) @ 20 °C 2920 

Benthic Half-Life (days) @ 20 °C 907 

Photolysis Half-Life (days) @ 45 

°Lat 

88.4 

Hydrolysis Half-Life (days) 0 

Soil Half-Life (days) @ 20 °C 1460 

Foliar Half-Life (days) 0 

Molecular Wt 398.2 

Vapor Pressure (torr) 2.4e-11 

Solubility (mg/l) 0.98 

Application Schedule for Benzovindiflupyr. 

Date (Mon/Day) Type Amount (kg/ha) Eff. Drift 

10/5 Foliar 0.1 0.99 0.066 

10/19 Foliar 0.1 0.99 0.066 

11/9 Foliar 0.1 0.95 0.066 
38 

Yearly Peak Concentrations 
39 

Appendix B – Ground Water Modeling 

Figure B-1. PRZM-GW output for WI Sands scenario. 

Groundwater Results for Enter chemical name or descriptive information. and the 

Wisconsin Corn - WI Central Sands Scenario.

Peak Concentration (ppb) 2.83E-09 

Post-Breakthrough Mean 

Concentration (ppb) 

Incomplete 

Entire Simulation Mean 

Concentration (ppb) 

1.54E-10 

Average Breakthrough 

Time (days) 

Incomplete 

Throughputs 0.175816 

Chemical Properties for Groundwater Modeling of Enter chemical name or descriptive 

information.. 

Koc (ml/g) 4478 

Surface Soil Half Life (days) 1030 

Hydrolysis Half Life (days) 0 

Diffusion Coefficint Air (cm2/day) 0.0 

Henry's Constant 0.0 

Enthalpy (kcal/mol) 0.0 

Pesticide application scheme used for Enter chemical name or descriptive information.. 

This application scheme was applied every year between years 1 and 30 of the simulation. 

Application Date 

(Month/Day) 

Application Method Application Rate 

(kg/ha) 

07/05 Ground application with mass 

distribution increasing 

proportionally with depth to 4 cm 

0.1 

07/12 Ground application with mass 

distribution increasing 

proportionally with depth to 4 cm 

0.1 
40 

07/19 Ground application with mass 

distribution increasing 

proportionally with depth to 4 cm 

0.1 

Aquifer Breakthrough Curve for Enter chemical name or descriptive information. and the 

Wisconsin Corn - WI Central Sands Scenario 
41 

Figure B-2. PRZM-GW output for Delmarva Corn scenario. 

Groundwater Results for Enter chemical name or descriptive information. and the 

DELMARVA sweet corn - Evesboro loamy sand Scenario.

Peak Concentration (ppb) 6.78E-06 

Post-Breakthrough Mean 

Concentration (ppb) 

Incomplete 

Entire Simulation Mean 

Concentration (ppb) 

4.55E-07 

Average Breakthrough 

Time (days) 

Incomplete 

Throughputs 0.2038289 

Chemical Properties for Groundwater Modeling of Enter chemical name or descriptive 

information.. 

Koc (ml/g) 4478 

Surface Soil Half Life (days) 1030 

Hydrolysis Half Life (days) 0 

Diffusion Coefficint Air (cm2/day) 0.0 

Henry's Constant 0.0 

Enthalpy (kcal/mol) 0.0 

Pesticide application scheme used for Enter chemical name or descriptive information.. 

This application scheme was applied every year between years 1 and 30 of the simulation. 

Application Date 

(Month/Day) 

Application Method Application Rate 

(kg/ha) 

05/15 Ground application with mass 

distribution increasing 

proportionally with depth to 4 cm 

0.1 

05/22 Ground application with mass 

distribution increasing 

proportionally with depth to 4 cm 

0.1 

05/29 Ground application with mass 

distribution increasing 

0.1 
42 

proportionally with depth to 4 cm 

Aquifer Breakthrough Curve for Enter chemical name or descriptive information. and the 

DELMARVA Sweet Corn - Evesboro Loamy Sand Scenario 
43 

Figure B-3. PRZM-GW output for FL Citrus scenario. 

Groundwater Results for Enter chemical name or descriptive information. and the Florida 

Citrus - FL Central Ridge, Polk County - (Tampa) Met File (12842.dvf) - Astatula sand, 

hrgb A Scenario.

Peak Concentration (ppb) 0.143 

Post-Breakthrough Mean 

Concentration (ppb) 

Incomplete 

Entire Simulation Mean 

Concentration (ppb) 

 0.0221 

Average Breakthrough 

Time (days) 

Incomplete 

Throughputs 0.2393649 

Chemical Properties for Groundwater Modeling of Enter chemical name or descriptive 

information.. 

Koc (ml/g) 4478 

Surface Soil Half Life (days) 1030 

Hydrolysis Half Life (days) 0 

Diffusion Coefficint Air (cm2/day) 0.0 

Henry's Constant 0.0 

Enthalpy (kcal/mol) 0.0 

Pesticide application scheme used for Enter chemical name or descriptive information.. 

This application scheme was applied every year between years 1 and 30 of the simulation. 

Application Date 

(Month/Day) 

Application Method Application Rate 

(kg/ha) 

08/10 Ground application with mass 

distribution increasing 

proportionally with depth to 4 cm 

0.1 

08/17 Ground application with mass 

distribution increasing 

proportionally with depth to 4 cm 

0.1 

08/25 Ground application with mass 0.1 
44 

distribution increasing 

proportionally with depth to 4 cm 

Aquifer Breakthrough Curve for Enter chemical name or descriptive information. and the 

Florida Citrus - FL Central Ridge, Polk County - (Tampa) Met File (12842.Dvf) - Astatula 

Sand, Hrgb A Scenario 
45 

Figure B-4. PRZM-GW output for FL Potatoes scenario. 

Groundwater Results for Enter chemical name or descriptive information. and the 

FLORIDA - potato - Met File (13889.dvf) Jacksonville Scenario.

Peak Concentration (ppb) 9.28E-08 

Post-Breakthrough Mean 

Concentration (ppb) 

Incomplete 

Entire Simulation Mean 

Concentration (ppb) 

9.85E-09 

Average Breakthrough 

Time (days) 

Incomplete 

Throughputs 0.1107898 

Chemical Properties for Groundwater Modeling of Enter chemical name or descriptive 

information.. 

Koc (ml/g) 4478 

Surface Soil Half Life (days) 1030 

Hydrolysis Half Life (days) 0 

Diffusion Coefficint Air (cm2/day) 0.0 

Henry's Constant 0.0 

Enthalpy (kcal/mol) 0.0 

Pesticide application scheme used for Enter chemical name or descriptive information.. 

This application scheme was applied every year between years 1 and 30 of the simulation. 

Application Date 

(Month/Day) 

Application Method Application Rate 

(kg/ha) 

04/01 Ground application with mass 

distribution increasing 

proportionally with depth to 4 cm 

0.1 

04/08 Ground application with mass 

distribution increasing 

proportionally with depth to 4 cm 

0.1 

04/15 Ground application with mass 

distribution increasing 

0.1 
46 

proportionally with depth to 4 cm 

Aquifer Breakthrough Curve for Enter chemical name or descriptive information. and the 

FLORIDA - Potato - Met File (13889.Dvf) Jacksonville Scenario 
47 

Figure B-5. PRZM-GW output for GA Coastal scenario. 

Groundwater Results for Enter chemical name or descriptive information. and the GA - 

Southern Coastal Plain, Tifton loamy sand - PEANUTS Scenario.

Peak Concentration (ppb) 1.01E-11 

Post-Breakthrough Mean 

Concentration (ppb) 

Incomplete 

Entire Simulation Mean 

Concentration (ppb) 

6.91E-13 

Average Breakthrough 

Time (days) 

Incomplete 

Throughputs 0.1452416 

Chemical Properties for Groundwater Modeling of Enter chemical name or descriptive 

information.. 

Koc (ml/g) 4478 

Surface Soil Half Life (days) 1030 

Hydrolysis Half Life (days) 0 

Diffusion Coefficint Air (cm2/day) 0.0 

Henry's Constant 0.0 

Enthalpy (kcal/mol) 0.0 

Pesticide application scheme used for Enter chemical name or descriptive information.. 

This application scheme was applied every year between years 1 and 30 of the simulation. 

Application Date 

(Month/Day) 

Application Method Application Rate 

(kg/ha) 

07/01 Ground application with mass 

distribution increasing 

proportionally with depth to 4 cm 

0.1 

07/08 Ground application with mass 

distribution increasing 

proportionally with depth to 4 cm 

0.1 

07/15 Ground application with mass 

distribution increasing 

0.1 
48 

proportionally with depth to 4 cm 

Aquifer Breakthrough Curve for Enter chemical name or descriptive information. and the 

GA - Southern Coastal Plain, Tifton Loamy Sand - PEANUTS Scenario 
49 

Figure B-6. PRZM-GW output for NC Coastal scenario. 

Groundwater Results for Enter chemical name or descriptive information. and the NC 

Eastern Coastal Plain - Norfolk loamy sand - Cotton Scenario.

Peak Concentration (ppb) 0.00109 

Post-Breakthrough Mean 

Concentration (ppb) 

Incomplete 

Entire Simulation Mean 

Concentration (ppb) 

8.58E-05 

Average Breakthrough 

Time (days) 

Incomplete 

Throughputs 0.2526038 

Chemical Properties for Groundwater Modeling of Enter chemical name or descriptive 

information.. 

Koc (ml/g) 4478 

Surface Soil Half Life (days) 1030 

Hydrolysis Half Life (days) 0 

Diffusion Coefficint Air (cm2/day) 0.0 

Henry's Constant 0.0 

Enthalpy (kcal/mol) 0.0 

Pesticide application scheme used for Enter chemical name or descriptive information.. 

This application scheme was applied every year between years 1 and 30 of the simulation. 

Application Date 

(Month/Day) 

Application Method Application Rate 

(kg/ha) 

08/01 Ground application with mass 

distribution increasing 

proportionally with depth to 4 cm 

0.1 

08/08 Ground application with mass 

distribution increasing 

proportionally with depth to 4 cm 

0.1 

08/15 Ground application with mass 

distribution increasing 

0.1 
50 

proportionally with depth to 4 cm 

Aquifer Breakthrough Curve for Enter chemical name or descriptive information. and the 

NC Eastern Coastal Plain - Norfolk Loamy Sand - Cotton Scenario 
51 

Figure B-7. SCI-GROW output file for proposed benzovindiflupyr applications. 

SCIGROW 

VERSION 2.3 

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND EFFECTS DIVISION 

OFFICE OF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS 

U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 

SCREENING MODEL 

FOR AQUATIC PESTICIDE EXPOSURE 

SciGrow version 2.3 

chemical:Benzovindiflupyr 

time is 7/21/2014 18:47:28 

------------------------------------------------------------------------ 

Application Number of Total Use Koc Soil Aerobic 

rate (lb/acre) applications (lb/acre/yr) (ml/g) metabolism (days) 

------------------------------------------------------------------------ 

0.089 3.0 0.267 4.41E+03 832.0 

------------------------------------------------------------------------ 

groundwater screening cond (ppb) = 6.56E-03 

************************************************************************