Thermal and Economic Analysis of

Three HVAC System Types in a

Typical VA Patient Facility

George N. Walton

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Bureau of Standards

Center for Building Technology

Building Environment Division

Gaithersburg, MD 20899

Stephen R. Petersen

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Bureau of Standards

Center for Applied Mathematics

Mathematical Analysis Division

Gaithersburg, MD 20899

August 1987

Prepared for: Office of Facilities

Veterans Administration

iC 0 Vermont Avenue, NW

LOO ashington, DC 20420

I J 5 6

37-3619

'987

:.2
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS &

TECHNOLOGY

Research Information Center

Gaithersburg, MD 20899
NBSIR 87-3619

A/BSC

dCtoo

, Ll SB?

THERMAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF

THREE HVAC SYSTEM TYPES IN A

TYPICAL VA PATIENT FACILITY

George N. Walton

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Bureau of Standards

Center for Building Technology

Building Environment Division

Gaithersburg, MD 20899

Stephen R. Petersen

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Bureau of Standards

Center for Applied Mathematics

Mathematical Analysis Division

Gaithersburg, MD 20899

August 1987

Prepared for: Office of Facilities

Veterans Administration

810 Vermont Avenue, NW

Washington, DC 20420

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Clarence J. Brown, Acting Secretary

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Ernest Ambler, Director

Abstract

Thermal and economic analyses were performed for three different types of

heating, ventilating, and cooling systems for a patient room in a typical VA

patient facility in each of four locations. Thermal analysis was done with

the U.S. Army’s Building Loads Analysis and System Thermodynamics (BLAST)

energy analysis program. Radiant Panel, variable air volume (VAV) , and fan

coil systems were simulated. Some subroutines were developed and added to the

BLAST program in order to simulate the radiant panel system. The predicted

energy requirements, energy cost projections, and system costs were then

evaluated using the NBS Federal Building Life-Cycle Cost (FBLCC) program to

determine the 20-year life-cycle cost of each system in each location.

ii
0
Table of Contents

Page

Abstract ii

Table of Contents . iii

SI Conversion iv

1. Introduction . . 1

2. Thermal Analysis . 1

2.1 Thermal Computational Models 1

2.2 Description of the Structure and Systems Modeled 7

2.3 Results of Modeling 8

2.4 Discussion of Thermal Analysis 9

3. Economic Analysis 11

4 . Summary 14

5. References 14

Appendix A. FBLCC Life-Cycle Cost Reports for Three Systems in

Four Cities A-l

Appendix B. Input Data Used In FBLCC Analyses B-l

List of Tables

2.1 Summary of Annual Weather Data 9

2.2 Summary of Energy Requirements 10

2.3 Summary of Heating and Cooling Loads Data 10

3.1 Annual Purchased Energy Requirements per 320 sq ft Room 12

3.2 HVAC System Costs per 320 sq ft Room 12

3.3 DOE Energy Price Projections and Present Worth Factors 13

3.4 FBLCC Analyses of Three VA HVAC Systems 13

List of Figures

1. Schematic Diagram of the Radiant Panel System 2

2. Schematic Diagram of the Variable Air Volume System 3

3. Schematic Diagram of the Fan Coil System

4. Full Load Fan Power for VAV Fan System . iii

4
SI Conversion

In view of the presently accepted practice of the sponsor (the Veterans

Administration) and of the building industry in the United States, coiranon U.S.

units of measurement have been used throughout this report. In recognition of

the position of the United States as a signatory to the General Conference of

Weights and Measures, which gave official status to the SI system of units in

1960, appropriate conversion factors have been provided in the table below.

*

Length: 1 foot (ft) - 0.3048 meter (m)

1 inch (in) - 0.0254 m

Area

1 square foot (sq ft) - 0.0929 m

2

Mass

1 pound (lb) - 0.4536 kilogram (kg)

Pressure1 inch of water (in H2 0) = 249.1 Pascal (Pa)

Temperature

1 °F - 1.8 °C + 32

Temperature Interval: 1 °F = 5/9 °C

Energy: 1 Btu - 1.055 kilojoules (kJ)

1 Watt-hour (Wh) = 3600 J

Energy Flux: 1 Btu/ (h* ft2

) - 3.152 W/m2

Heat Flow Rate: 1 Btu/h (Btuh) =* 0.293 Watt (W)

Heat Transfer Coefficient: 1 Btu/ (h* ft2* F) - 5.678 W/(m2o K)

Volumetric Flow Rate: 1 cubic foot per minute (cfm) * .000472 m

3 /s

iv
1 . Introduction

At the request of the Office of Facilities, Veterans Administration (VA) , the

Center for Building Technology (CBT), National Bureau of Standards (NBS), and

the Center for Applied Mathematics (CAM), NBS, performed thermal and economic

analyses, respectively, for three different types of heating, ventilating, and

cooling ( HVAC ) systems for a patient room in a typical VA patient facility in

each of four locations. This report describes the thermal analysis in Section

2 and economic analysis in Section 3.

2. Thermal Analysis

Thermal analyses of the VA patient facilities were performed with the U.S.

Army’s Building Loads Analysis and System Thermodynamics (BLAST) [1] energy

analysis program. Radiant Panel, variable air volume (VAV) , and fan coil

systems were simulated. Some subroutines were developed and added to the

BLAST program in order to simulate the radiant panel system.

2.1 Thermal Computational Models

The BLAST program was selected for this analysis because (1) it is a recognized public domain energy analysis computer program, (2) it includes

models of conventional air handling systems, and (3) its multiroom heat

balance procedure could be modified to accurately model radiant panel systems.

Subroutines were developed for a detailed analysis of a two-zone module using

heat balance techniques with direct solution of the simultaneous surface and

air heat balance equations. This subroutine development was needed to model

radiant exchange in detail instead of using the radiant approximations in

BLAST. The two zones represent a patient room and the related plenum space

above the room. Transient heat conduction is accurately modeled by conduction

transfer functions. Default convection coefficients are used on all surfaces

except the radiant panels. The panel convection coefficient is critical

during cooling. Calculations based on manufacturers data indicate a convection coefficient of 1.18 Btu/hr‘ft2, F with a room ventilation rate of

0.4 cfm/sq ft of floor area. This value is used in the simulations because it

includes the effect of forced convective motion within the room. It is

slightly higher than the 1.0 Btu/hr*ft2, F recommended by ASHRAE [2] for

preliminary design.

Three air handling systems were modeled: radiant panel, variable air volume,

and four-pipe fan coil (figures 1, 2, and 3, respectively). In the radiant

panel system a constant amount of outside air is delivered to each room and

exhausted through the bathroom. The outside air is preconditioned to a relatively low temperature to provide dehumidification in addition to fresh

air. This preconditioning may involve cooling warm outside air or heating and

humidifying cold outside air. Heat is added to or removed from an area on the

ceiling near the outside wall representing the radiant panels used to control

the room temperature. The two zone model accurately accounts for energy lost

through the ceiling into the plenum space.

1
Figure 1. Schematic Diagram of the Radiant Panel System

* Serving Multiple Rooms

2
Figure 2. Schematic Diagram of the Variable Air Volume System

3
Figure 3. Schematic Diagram of the Fan Coil System

4
Note that temperature control is based on a function of air and radiant

temperatures, rather than air temperature alone. This is intended to account

for the comfort effects of a radiant temperature different from the air temperature [3]. The equivalent uniform temperature is given by (0.55 * air

temperature) + (0.45 * mean radiant temperature). This formula for equivalent

uniform temperature is used in all three systems since it is assumed that,

when the radiant and air temperature differ, the occupants will adjust the

thermostat to give a comfortable equivalent temperature.

The four-pipe fan coil system is assumed to introduce outside air to the rooms after minimal preconditioning involving some preheat and humidification.

Within each room the outside air is mixed with room air and either heated or cooled to the desired temperature. The four-pipe arrangement allows some rooms to be heated while others are cooled. The BLAST fan coil system does

not provide humidity control for the rooms.

The variable air volume (VAV) system includes an enthalpy economy cycle to

reduce chilled water demand. The primary air stream is conditioned as in the

radiant system. The amount of cool air entering each room is controlled by

the VAV boxes. If heating is required in the room, the airflow is minimized

and the air is heated by the reheat coil. A constant amount of air is

exhausted from each room. The difference between the supply air and the

exhaust air is returned to the mixing box where it is mixed with the outside

air in a ratio determined by an enthalpy economy cycle.

The BLAST fan model has two parts. The fan power at the design flow rate is

given by (volume flow rate) * (static pressure rise) /(fan efficiency). The

fan power at a reduced flow rate (needed for the VAV system) is based on the

ratio of actual flow to design flow and the fan type as indicated in figure 4.

For this study the variable speed drive fan was selected.

The heating coil acts to increase the enthalpy of the air stream without

changing the humidity ratio. It is controlled to produce a desired air

temperature downstream from the coil. The humidifier acts to increase the

humidity ratio of the air stream without increasing the temperature. It is

controlled to reach a desired humidity ratio in the air stream. (In actual

practice, the humidifier will reduce the air temperature, but the heating coil

will add more energy to the air to produce the same net effect as described.)

The cooling coil reduces both the temperature and the humidity ratio of the

air stream. Its performance is based on a curve fit to the performance

characteristics of a real 4-row coil. It is controlled to reduce the air

stream temperature to a desired level with the humidity removal being a consequence of the temperature reduction. Therefore, exact humidity control

is not achieved.

The boiler performance is calculated in two steps. First, the air /fuel ratio,

heat content of the fuel, and the stack temperature are used along with the

ambient temperature and humidity ratio to compute the theoretical full-load

boiler efficiency and theoretical fuel requirement to meet the load. Then the

actual fuel consumption is related to the theoretical fuel requirement by a polynomial expression in terms of the boiler part load ratio. The chiller

performance is calculated in four steps. First the equivalent temperature

difference between the leaving chilled water and the leaving condenser water

is computed. The ratio of available capacity to nominal capacity is then

5
FRACTION

OF

FULL”

LOAD

POWER

(FFLP)

Figure 4. Full Load Fan Power for VAV Fan System

6
computed from this equivalent temperature difference. Then the power required

to run the chiller at full load is computed from the nominal full load power

ratio and the ratio of available to nominal capacity. Finally the fraction of

full load power is computed in terms of the ratio of load to actual capacity.

The cooling tower model computes the energy to pump the condenser water and

run its fan in proportion to the energy which must be removed from the

condenser water by the tower. Energies to pump the hot water and the chilled

water are proportional to the installed boiler and chiller capacities,

respectively. All of these models are explained in more detail in the BLAST

User’s Manual.

2 . 2 Description of the Structure and Systems Modeled

An extensive set of data is required to perform a simulation with the thermal

and equipment performance models described above. These data were determined

jointly with the project sponsor.

The room shape is a simple rectangle 13 ft wide (on the exterior wall) by

26.42 ft deep by 8 ft high. This gives a total floor area of 320 sq ft which

represents 260 sq ft of patient area for two patient beds plus 60 sq ft of

bathroom. The plenum zone is 4.5 ft high and includes a 13 ft wide section of

exterior wall. Each computer run simulated four rooms. They are identical

except that they face toward the four cardinal directions. This is done to

provide a diversity of loads due to different solar gains. The room consists

of 10 surfaces: exterior wall, window, 3 partitions, floor, panel portion of

ceiling, remainder of ceiling, and 2 surfaces representing interior

furnishings. The plenum consists of 7 surfaces: exterior wall, 3 partitions,

ceiling (which is the floor of a patient room above), panel portion of the

plenum floor, and the remainder of the plenum floor. The thermal model

computes the transient heat transfer for each of the four rooms and associated

plenums as if there were an identical room and plenum above and below and on

the other side of each of the three partition surfaces. The radiation view

factors are computed separately [4] from the configuration data. Different

view factors must be computed for each radiant panel area. The radiant panel

portion of the ceiling is located nearest the outside wall.

The exterior wall is composed of 4 in face brick, 4 in light weight concrete

block, fiberglass insulation, an air gap, and 5/8 in thick gypsum board. The

thickness of the insulation was adjusted to give an overall U-value of 0.12

Btu/hr*ftZ- F for the wall. Included in the wall is a 32 sq ft window

consisting of two panes of glass and a blind which combine to give a 0.65

shading coefficient. This window covers 20Z of the combined room and plenum

exterior wall area. The floor is assumed to consist of tile on 4 in thick

heavy weight concrete. Partition walls consist of 5/8 in gypsum board on both

sides of an air space. The stud portion of the partition wall is not modeled

separately. The radiant panels and the normal ceiling panels are both modeled

as a thin layer of sheet metal with 1.5 in of insulation on top. Furnishings

in the room are modeled as weighing 780 pounds with a total surface area of

250 sq ft. This area interacts radiatively with the other room surfaces and

convectively with the room air.

The internal loads for each room are based on default values from the VA’s

Preliminary Energy Program (PEP) [5]. Each room is assumed to be occupied

continuously by two persons. Each person produces a sensible load of 240

7
Btu/hr and a latent load of 210 Btu/hr. The design lighting load is 2.42 W/sq

ft, or 629 W for each 260 sq ft room. The lighting level is adjusted hourly

according to

load:

PEP profile #1 which has the following percentages of the desig:

hour 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Z load 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 30 70 90 90 90

hour 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Z load 90 60 60 60 70 80 90 90 90 70 20 10

There is also• an equipment load of 0

.

24 W/sq ft, or 62.4 W for each room. This load is 17Z latent and 83Z sensible and is constant at each hour. The

occupancy, lighting, and equipment loads are the same for every day of the

week. The room equivalent temperature is not allowed to exceed 78 F or to

fall below 72 F.

The radiant panel system supplies 0.40 cfm/ sq ft of outside air to each room

(104 cfm/ room), while the VAV and fan coil systems supply 0.25 cfm/ sq ft (65

cfm/room). The fan coils move a total of 325 cfm of mixed air per room, and

the VAV system can supply up to that amount of air to each room. All fans are assumed to be 70Z efficient. The supply fans for the radiant and fan coil

systems operate at pressures of 4.0 in-H2 0 and the VAV system at 4.5 in-H2 0.

The VAV return fan pressure is 1.5 in-H2 0, as are all exhaust fans.

All plant equipment was modeled using the BLAST default performance

parameters. Of particular significance is the leaving chilled water

temperature of 44F. Raising this value greatly reduces the ability of the

cooling coil to remove moisture; lowering it reduces chiller efficiency.

Boiler and chillers capacities were determined by an initial simulation which

computed the peak hot and chilled water demands. The equipment was then sized

so those demands would not be exceeded.

2. 3 Results of Modeling

The performance of the three systems was determined using one year’s typical

weather data for four cities: Dayton, Boston, Tampa, and Phoenix. The weather

data was taken from ASHRAE’s Weather Year for Energy Calculations (WYEC)

weather tapes [6]. Table 2.1 summarizes the climate in each of the cities.

It includes the lowest and highest temperatures observed in the year, the

average of all 8760 hourly temperatures, heating and cooling degree days (base

65F) , and the daily average solar flux on a horizontal surface.

The total energy required to condition the four rooms for each system in each

of the cities is summarized in Table 2.2. The first two columns are the total

energy requirements. The next three columns show the electric energy

subdivided according to the portions that were scheduled (lights, etc.), used

by fans, and used by the chiller and pumps in the plant equipment. The last

two columns give the total energy of hot and chilled water required by the

system coils or radiant panels.

8
The peak hot water and chilled water demands are summarized in Table 2.3. It

repeats the coil total hot and chilled water energy requirements from Table

2.2 and also gives the peak requirements, the assumed plant capacities, and

the average annual operating ratios for heating and cooling.

2 . 4 Discussion of Thermal Analysis

Several factors stand out in the above results. First is the greatly

increased loads and energy requirements of the radiant panel system compared

to the two conventional systems. Earlier tests indicated that this is

primarily due to the increased outdoor air requirements of the radiant system.

The increased loads mean that higher capacity equipment will be required. The

airflow rates used in the thermal analysis were provided by VA. It might be

possible to use a lower airflow rate with the radiant panel system, but this

would reduce the convection coefficient at the panel thus requiring a larger

panel area to prevent condensation. The analysis did not include infiltration

because the HVAC system is supposed to provide positive pressurization and

prevent infiltration. Infiltration commonly would benefit a radiant system

because less energy is used to heat or cool the infiltration air.

The second factor is the very low electrical energy used by the VAV system

fans. This is due to the shape of the part load power curve for fans with

variable speed motors (see figure 4). This curve is identical to the one used

in the DOE-2 program and agrees with manufacturers data. Other types of

airflow control would require considerably more electricity.

Another factor is low heating and cooling requirements of the fan coil system

which occurs because there is no reheating of the supply air. However, this

also means there is less control over the room humidity than with the other

systems

.

Table 2.1 Summary of Annual Weather Data

Location Temperatures (F) Degree Days Sunshine

low high mean heating cooling (Btu/h ft2

)

Dayton, OH o

vo 1 «-H 97.0 52.1 5630 903 1236.

Boston, MA -4.0 97.0 51.4 5698 985 1212.

Tampa , FL 25.0 95.0 71.9 605 3115 1643.

Phoenix, AZ 23.0 112.0 71.3 1356 3661 1717.

9
Table 2.2 Summary of Energy Requirements for Four 320 sq ft Rooms*

Location / Gas to Total Scheduled Fan Plant Total Total

System Boiler Elec

.

Elec. Elec

.

Elec

.

Heating Cooling

(kBtu) (kWh) (kWh) (kWh) (kWh) (kBtu) (kBtu)

Dayton, OH

Radiant 97,200 24,900 13,500 3,400 8,000 56,500 63,200

VAV 63,800 21,400 13,500 1,300 6,600 36,100 52,700

Fan Coil 41,500 24,200 13', 500 5,000 5,700 24,500 46,500

Boston, MA

Radiant 98,000 24,100 13,500 3,400 7,200 57,200 50,700

VAV 65,000 20,100 13,500 1,100 5,400 37,200 39,500

Fan Coil 40,100 23,000 13,500 5,000 4,500 24,000 34,400

Tampa , FL

Radiant 19,900 31,100 13,500 3,400 14,200 10,300 168,000

VAV 17,400 25,800 13,500 1,300 10,900 9,000 130,000

Fan Coil 5,900 26,600 13,500 5,000 8,100 3,500 89,100

Phoenix, AZ

Radiant 32,900 29,400 13,500 3,400 12,500 17,700 111,000

VAV 22,400 24,900 13,500 1,400 10,000 12,000 88,300

Fan Coil 10,000 26,200 13,500 5,000 7,700 6,000 77,700

* Each room faces a different compass point (N, E, S , and W)

Table 2.3 Summary of Heating and Cooling Loads Data for Four Rooms

Location / Total Peak Heating Oper. Total Peak Cooling Oper.

System Heating Heating Cap. Ratio Cooling Cooling Cap. Ratio

(kBtu) (kBtuh) (kBtuh) -- (kBtu) (kBtuh) (kBtuh) -- Dayton, OH

Radiant 56,500 45.6 50 .129 63,200 40.2 44 .266

VAV 36,100 31.0 35 .150 52,700 34.5 40 .257

Fan Coil 24,500 26.0 30 .277 46,500 31.8 36 .284

Boston, MA

Radiant 57,200 38.8 44 .148 50,700 38.8 44 .225

VAV 37,200 26.3 30 .162 39,500 30.9 35 .233

Fan Coil 24,000 20.1 24 .222 34,400 26.1 30 .235

Tampa , FL

Radiant 10,300 20.9 25 .047 168,000 44.3 48 .409

VAV 9,000 11.5 14 .113 130,000 34.6 38 .404

Fan Coil 3,500 12.3 15 .176 89,100 29.7 34 .340

Phoenix, AZ

Radiant 17,700 21.8 26 .078 111,000 43.6 48 .286

VAV 12,000 12.6 15 .125 88,300 35.0 40 .280

Fan Coil 6,000 12.9 15 .213 77,700 28.9 33 .326

10
3 . Economic Analysis

The energy requirements shown in Table 2.2 for each of the three HVAC systems

evaluated in Section 2 were divided by 4.0 to represent the average purchased

energy requirements of a typical 320 sq ft patient room in each of four

locations (Dayton, Boston, Tampa, and Phoenix). These purchased energy

requirements are shown in Table 3.1. First cost and annual operating cost for

each HVAC system type, as provided by the VA, are shown in Table 3.2. Energy

cost projections (per million Btu) were provided by the U.S. Department of

Energy (DOE) , based on average prices for the DOE region in which each

facility is located. These price projections and corresponding present worth

factors (20 years, seven percent discount rate) are shown in Table 3.3.

These data were then evaluated using the NBS Federal Building Life-Cycle Cost

(FBLCC) [7] program to determine the 20-year life-cycle cost of each system in

each location. The results of these economic analyses are summarized in Table

3.4. The FBLCC report for each system in each location is included in

Appendix A, while the actual input data used to run these analyses are included in Appendix B.

Of the three system types, the radiant panel systems have the highest total

life-cycle costs (LCC) in all four locations. This is due almost entirely to

the relatively high energy usage of the radiant panel systems. That is, their

present-value energy costs are approximately 50 percent higher than the most

energy efficient of the three systems in each of the four locations. While

the first cost of the radiant panel systems is only slightly higher than that

of the VAV system, and its operating and maintenance (O&M) cost is

considerably less than either the VAV or fan coil systems, its higher energy

cost dominates this analysis. As a result, the radiant panel systems do not

appear to be economical on a life-cycle cost basis given the referenced data.

The FBLCC analysis of the remaining two systems shows that the VAV system has

a first cost that is approximately 15 percent higher ($550) than that of the

fan coil system, but has present-value O&M-related savings ($530) which offset

this first cost premium almost entirely. As a result, any significant lifecycle cost advantage of one over the other is due primarily to a reduction in

life-cycle energy costs. In Dayton and Boston the VAV systems have a slight

energy cost advantage, but a 5 percent increase in either first cost or energy

usage, or a 33 percent increase in O&M costs, would negate this advantage. In

Tampa the fan coil system has a slight energy advantage, but a 5 percent

increase in first cost or energy usage, or 10 percent increase in O&M costs,

would negate this advantage. In Phoenix, the energy cost, and thus the lifecycle cost, of both systems are virtually identical.

The relative advantage, if any, of one of these two systems over the other

from an energy cost standpoint is largely attributable to climate, their

relative energy requirements for space heating and cooling, and relative

prices of gas and electricity. The fan coil system uses less gas but uses

more electricity than the VAV system in all four locations. In the Dayton,

Boston, and Phoenix facilities, the savings in gas are two to three times

greater than the increase in electricity usage on a purchased Btu basis, while

in Tampa the savings in gas are approximately four times the increase in

electricity usage. (See Table 3.1.) However, because the cost of electricity

is approximately three times greater than the cost of natural gas (per million

11
Btu on a present-value basis), only in Tampa are present-value energy costs

actually reduced by the fan coil system.

Since neither the VAV nor the fan coil system has a clear LCC advantage in -any

of these four locations, both should be considered as potential candidates for

new VA facilities. Energy simulations and cost data specific to the actual

design and operation of a new VA facility will be required to select one over

the other from an economic standpoint.

Annual Purchased

Table 3.1

Energy per 320 sq ft Room

(million Btu)

GAS ELECTRICITY*

Dayton

Radiant 24.30 9.73

VAV 15.95 6.74

Fan Coil 10 . 38 9.13

Boston

Radiant 24.50 9.04

VAV 16.25 5.63

Fan Coil 10.03 8.11

Tampa

Radiant 4.98 15.02

VAV 4.35 10.49

Fan Coil 1.48 11.18

Phoenix

Radiant 8.23 13.57

VAV 5.60 9.73

Fan Coil 2.50 10.83

Source: Table 2.2

Does not include scheduled electricity constant.

Table 3.2

HVAC System Costs per 320 sq ft Room**

First Annual

Cost O&M Cost

Radiant $4065 $28

VAV $4000 $40

Fan Coil $3450 $90

Source: Telephone communication, Tom Louie, VA

12
Table 3.3

DOE Energy Prices Projections* and Present Worth Factors**

(Million Btu delivered)

DOE Natural Gas Electricity

REGION 1987 UPW 1987 UPW

Price Factor Price Factor

Dayton 5 $4.72 14.58 $22.63 9.24

Boston 1 6.10 14.05 29.07 9.75

Tampa 4 4.73 14.89 19.38 9.12

Phoenix 9 5.64 12.06 21.12 9.41

Source: Communication: Energy Information Administration, US Department of

Energy.

** 7 Z discount rate, 20 years, DoE energy price escalation rates by region.

Table 3.4

FBLCC ANALYSIS OF THREE VA HVAC SYSTEMS

City/ First Present Value LCC

System Tyne Cost Energy Cost O&M Total LCC Rank

Dayton/

Radiant $4065 $3707 $297 $8068 3 VAV 4000 2507 424 6931 1

Fan Coil 3450 2623 953 7027 2

Boston/

Radiant $4065 $4661 $297 $9023 3

VAV 4000 2988 424 7412 1

Fan Coil 3450 3157 953 7561 2

Tampa

/

Radiant $4065 $3006 $297 $7368 3

VAV 4000 2163 424 6586 2

Fan Coil 3450 2081 953 6484 1

Phoenix/

Radiant $4065 $3255 $297 $7617 3 VAV 4000 2315 424 6739 2

Fan Coil 3450 2325 953 6728 1

13
4 . Summary

Thermal and economic analyses were performed for three different types of

heating, ventilating, and cooling systems for a patient room in a typical VA

patient facility in each of four locations. Radiant panel, variable air

volume (VAV) , and fan coil systems were simulated. Under the specific

operating conditions simulated, the radiant panel system required

significantly more energy than the other systems. This was primarily due to

an increased outdoor air requirement for the radiant panel system. The VAV

and fan coil systems had similar total energy requirements but different

proportions of electric and gas energy. These energy requirements figured

significantly into the system life cycle costs, with the VAV or fan coil

system having the lowest life cycle cost depending on the relative costs of

electricity and gas in the different locations. These results indicate that

energy simulations and cost data specific to the actual design and operation

of a new VA facility will be required to select one system over the other from

an economic standpoint.

5 . References

[1] "BLAST 3.0 User’s Manual", BLAST Support Office, University of Illinois,

Urbana IL, April 1986.

[2] ASHRAE Handbook - 1984 Systems . ASHRAE, Atlanta GA, 1984, pg 8.6.

[3] Wray, W.O., "A Simple Procedure for Assessing Thermal Comfort in Passive

Solar Heated Buildings", Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory Report LA-UR-80-550

,

Los Alamos NM, 1980.

[4] Walton, G.N., "Algorithms for Calculating Radiation View Factors Between

Plane Convex Polygons With Obstructions", NBS Interagency Report NBSIR 86 = 3463, National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, October 1986.

[5] Dougall, R.S., Rudoy, W. , & Cirka, C., "PEP User's Manual (Version 3.0)%

Veterans Administration, Washington DC, June 1979.

[6] Crow, L.W.

,

"Development of Hourly Data for Weather Year for Energy

Calculations (WYEC)", ASHRAE Journal . Vol. 23, NO. 10, October 1981.

[7] Petersen, S. R. , A User’s Guide to the FBLCC Computer Program. Tech Note

1222, United States Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards,

Gaithersburg, MD 20899, May 1986.

14
Appendix A

FBLCC ANALYSES
(
Table A-l FBLCC ANALYSIS: DAYTON, RADIANT PANEL

PART I - INITIAL ASSUMPTIONS AND COST DATA

PROJECT NAME: RADIANT

RUN DATE: 07-08-1987 17:01:54

BLDG. CHAR. FILE NAME: VADRAD1.BCF, LAST MODIFIED 05-16-1987 10:28:51

LCC OUTPUT FILE NAME: YADRAD1.LCC, CREATED 05-16-1987 10:32:23

LCC ANALYSIS TYPE: NBS HANDBOOK 135

STUDY PERIOD: 20 YEARS (1987 TO 2007)

DISCOUNT RATE: 7.0%

BUILDING TYPE: COMMERCIAL

DOE REGION: 5

INITIAL CAPITAL COMPONENT COSTS (NOT DISCOUNTED)

TOTAL COST

TOTAL FOR HVAC $4,065

TOTAL PROJECT COST (ACTUAL) $4,065

LESS FEDERAL CONSERVATION CREDIT(a) $0

TOTAL ADJUSTED PROJECT COST $4,065

ENERGY-RELATED COSTS

ENERGY MMBTU/ PRICE DEMAND UPW* TOTAL

TYPE YEAR ($/MMBTU) COST FACTOR P.V. COST

NATURAL GAS 24.3 $4.72 $0 14.58 $1672

ELECTRICITY 9.7 $22.63 $0 9.24 $2034

(a) TO REFLECT 10% FIRST COST ADJUSTMENT RULE IN NBS HANDBOOK 135.

PART II - LIFE-CYCLE COST ANALYSIS: DISCOUNT RATE = 7.0%

PROJECT NAME: RADIANT RUN DATE: 07-08-1987/17:01:

PRESENT VALUE

(1987 DOLLARS)

ANNUAL VALUE

(1987 DOLLARS)

A. INITIAL INVESTMENT REQUIREMENTS $4,065 $384

B. OPERATING, MAINTENANCE & RELATED COSTS:

ANNUALLY RECURRING COSTS (NON-ENERGY) $297

ENERGY COSTS $3,707

$28

$350

SUBTOTAL $4,003 $378

D. LESS: REMAINING VALUE AT END OF

STUDY PERIOD

E. TOTAL LIFE-CYCLE PROJECT COST

$0

$8,068

$0

$762

A-l
Table A-2 FBLCC ANALYSIS; DAYTON, VARIABLE AIR VOLUME

PART I - INITIAL ASSUMPTIONS AND COST DMA

PROJECT NAME; VAV

RUN DATE; 07-09-1987 09; 07; 13

BLDG. CHAR. FILE NAME; VADVAVX.BCF, LAST MODIFIED 05-16-1987 10; 30; 26

ICC OUTPUT FILE NAME; VADVAVL.LCC, CREATED 05-16-1987 10; 32; 55

ICC ANALYSIS TYPE; NBS HANDBOOK 135

STUDY PERIOD; 20 YEARS (1987 TO 2007)

DISCOUNT RATE; 7.0%

BUILDING TYPE; COMMERCIAL

DOE REGION; 5

INITIAL CAPITAL COMPONENT COSTS (NOT DISCOUNTED)

TOTAL COST

TOTAL FOR HVAC $4,000

TOTAL PROJECT COST (ACTUAL) $4,000

LESS FEDERAL CONSERVATION CREDIT(a) $0

TOTAL ADJUSTED PROJECT COST $4,000

ENERGY-RELATED COSTS

ENERGY MMBTU/ PRICE DEMAND UPW* TOTAL

TYPE YEAR ($/MMBTU) COST FACTOR P.V. COST

NATURAL GAS 16.0 $4.72 $0 14.58 $1098

ELECTRICITY 6.7 $22.63 $0 9.24 $1409

(a) TO REFLECT 10% FIRST COST ADJUSTMENT RULE IN NBS HANDBOOK 135.

PART II - LIFE-CYCLE COST ANALYSIS: DISCOUNT RATE = 7.0%

PROJECT NAME: VAV RUN DATE: 07-09-1987/09:07:

PRESENT VALUE ANNUAL VALUE

(1987 DOLLARS) (1987 DOLLARS)

A. INITIAL INVESTMENT REQUIREMENTS $4,000 $378

B. OPERATING, MAINTENANCE & RELATED COSTS:

ANNUALLY RECURRING COSTS (NON-ENERGY) $424 $40

ENERGY COSTS $2,507 $237

SUBTOTAL $2,931 $277

D. LESS: REMAINING VALUE AT END OF

STUDY PERIOD $0 $0

E. TOTAL LIFE-CYCLE PROJECT COST $6,931 $654

A-2
Table A-3 FBLCC ANALYSIS: DAYTON, FAN COIL

PART I - INITIAL ASSUMPTIONS AND COST DATA

PROJECT NAME: FAN COIL

RUN DATE: 07-09-1987 09:07:25

BLDG. CHAR. FILE NAME: VADFC1.BCF, LAST MODIFIED 05-16-1987 10:31:59

LCC OUTPUT FILE NAME: VADFC1.LCC, CREATED 05-16-1987 10:33:18

ICC ANALYSIS TYPE: NBS HANDBOOK 135

STUDY PERIOD: 20 YEARS (1987 TO 2007)

DISCOUNT RATE: 7.0%

BUILDING TYPE: COMMERCIAL

DOE REGION: 5

INITIAL CAPITAL COMPONENT COSTS (NOT DISCOUNTED)

TOTAL COST

TOTAL FOR HVAC $3,450

TOTAL PROJECT COST (ACTUAL)

LESS FEDERAL CONSERVATION CREDIT(a)

TOTAL ADJUSTED PROJECT COST $3,450

ENERGY-RELATED COSTS

ENERGY MMBTU/ PRICE DEMAND UPW* TOTAL

TYPE YEAR ($/MMBTU) COST FACTOR P.V. COST

NATURAL GAS 10.4 $4.72 $0 14.58 $714

ELECTRICITY 9.1 $22.63 $0 9.24 $1909

(a) TO REFLECT 10% FIRST COST ADJUSTMENT RULE IN NBS HANDBOOK 135.

$3,450

$0

PART II - LIFE-CYCLE COST ANALYSIS: DISCOUNT RATE = 7.0%

PROJECT NAME: FAN COIL RUN DATE: 07-09-1987/09:07:!

PRESENT VALUE

(1987 DOLLARS)

ANNUAL VALUE

(1987 DOLLARS)

A. INITIAL INVESTMENT REQUIREMENTS $3,450 $326

B. OPERATING, MAINTENANCE & RELATED COSTS:

ANNUALLY RECURRING COSTS (NON-ENERGY)

ENERGY COSTS

$953

$2,623

$90

$248

SUBTOTAL $3,577 $338

D. LESS: REMAINING VALUE AT END OF

STUDY PERIOD

E. TOTAL LIFE-CYCLE PROJECT COST

$0

$7,027

$0

$663

A-3
Table A-4 FBLCC ANALYSIS: BOSTON, RADIANT PANEL

PART I - INITIAL ASSUMPTIONS AND COST DATA

PROJECT NAME: RADIANT

RUN DATE: 07-09-1987 09:07:33

HLDG. CHAR. FILE NAME: VAERAD1.BGF, LAST MODIFIED 05-16-1987 10:53:28

LCC OUTPUT FILE NAME: VAERAD1.LCC, CREATED 05-16-1987 11:04:25

LCC ANALYSIS TYPE: NBS HANDBOOK 135

STUDY PERIOD: 20 YEARS (1987 TO 2007)

DISCOUNT RATE: 7.0%

BUILDING TYPE: COMMERCIAL

DOE REGION: 1

INITIAL CAPITAL COMPONENT COSTS (NOT DISCOUNTED)

TOTAL COST

TOTAL FOR HVAC $4,065

TOTAL PROJECT COST (ACTUAL)

LESS FEDERAL CONSERVATION CREDIT (a)

TOTAL ADJUSTED PROJECT COST $4,065

ENERGY-RELATED COSTS

ENERGY MMBTU/ PRICE DEMAND UFW* TOTAL

TYPE YEAR ($/MMBTU) COST FACTOR P.V. COST

NATURAL GAS 24.5 $6.10 $0 14.05 $2100

ELECTRICITY 9.0 $29.07 $0 9.75 $2561

(a) TO REFLECT 10% FIRST COST ADJUSTMENT RULE IN NBS HANDBOOK 135.

$4,065

$0

PART II - LIFE-CYCLE COST ANALYSIS: DISCOUNT RATE = 7.0%

PROJECT NAME: RADIANT RUN DATE: 07-09-1987/09:07:;

PRESENT VALUE

(1987 DOLLARS)

ANNUAL VALUE

(1987 DOLLARS)

A. INITIAL INVESTMENT REQUIREMENTS $4,065 $384

B. OPERATING, MAINTENANCE &

ANNUALLY RECURRING COSTS

ENERGY COSTS

RELATED COSTS:

(NON-ENERGY) $297

$4,661

$28

$440

SUBTOTAL $4,958 $468

D.

E.

LESS: REMAINING VALUE AT

STUDY PERIOD

TOTAL LIFE-CYCLE PROJECT

END OF

COST

$0

$9,023

$0

$852

A-4
Table A-5 FBLCC ANALYSIS: BOSTON, VARIABLE AIR VOLUME

PART I - INITIAL ASSUMPTIONS AND COST DATA

PROJECT NAME: VAV

RUN DATE: 07-09-1987 09:07:44

BLDG. CHAR. FILE NAME: VABVAV1.ECF, LAST MODIFIED 05-16-1987 10:55:10

LCC OUTPUT FILE NAME: VABVAV1.LCC, CREATED 05-16-1987 11:04:44

LCC ANALYSIS TYPE: NBS HANDBOOK 135

STUDY PERIOD: 20 YEARS (1987 TO 2007)

DISCOUNT RATE: 7.0%

BUILDING TYPE: COMMERCIAL

DOE REGION: 1

INITIAL CAPITAL COMPONENT COSTS (NOT DISCOUNTED)

TOTAL COST

TOTAL FOR HVAC $4,000

TOTAL PROJECT COST (ACTUAL) $4,000

LESS FEDERAL CONSERVATION CREDIT(a) $0

TOTAL ADJUSTED PROJECT COST $4,000

ENERGY-RELATED COSTS

ENERGY MMBTU/ PRICE DEMAND UPW* TOTAL

TYPE YEAR ($/MMBTU) COST FACTOR P.V. COST

NATURAL GAS 16.3 $6.10 $0 14.05 $1393

ELECTRICITY 5.6 $29.07 $0 9.75 $1595

(a) TO REFLECT 10% FIRST COST ADJUSTMENT RULE IN NBS HANDBOOK 135.

PART II - LIFE-CYCLE COST ANALYSIS: DISCOUNT RATE = 7.0%

PROJECT NAME: VAV RUN DATE: 07-09-1987/09:07:'

PRESENT VALUE

(1987 DOLLARS)

ANNUAL VALUE

(1987 DOLLARS)

A. INITIAL INVESTMENT REQUIREMENTS $4,000 $378

B. OPERATING, MAINTENANCE & RELATED COSTS:

ANNUALLY RECURRING COSTS (NON-ENERGY)

ENERGY COSTS

$424

$2,988

$40

$282

SUBTOTAL $3,412 $322

D. LESS: REMAINING VALUE AT END OF

STUDY PERIOD

E. TOTAL LIFE-CYCLE PROJECT COST

$0

$7,412

$0

$700
Table A-6 FBLCC ANALYSIS? BOSTON, FAN COIL

PART I - INITIAL ASSUMPTIONS AND COST DATA

PROJECT NAME: FAN COIL

RUN DATE: 07-09-1987 09:07:54

BLDG, CHAR. FILE NAME: VABFC1.BCF, LAST MODIFIED 05-16-1987 10:56:31

LCC OUTPUT FILE NAME: VABFC1.LCC, CREATED 05-16-1987 11:05:02

ICC ANALYSIS TYPE: NBS HANDBOOK 135

STUDY PERIOD: 20 YEARS (1987 TO 2007)

DISCOUNT RATE: 7.0%

BUILDING TYPE: COMMERCIAL

DOE REGION: 1

INITIAL CAPITAL COMPONENT COSTS (NOT DISCOUNTED)

TOTAL COST

TOTAL FOR HVAC $3,450

TOTAL PROJECT COST (ACTUAL) $3,450

LESS FEDERAL CONSERVATION CREDIT(a) $0

TOTAL ADJUSTED PROJECT COST $3,450

ENERGY-RELATED COSTS

ENERGY MMBTU/ PRICE DEMAND UPW* TOTAL

TYPE YEAR ($ /MMBTU) COST FACTOR P.V. COST

NATURAL GAS 10.0 $6.10 $0 14.05 $860

ELECTRICITY 8.1 $29.07 $0 9.75 $2298

(a) TO REFLECT 10% FIRST COST ADJUSTMENT RULE IN NBS HANDBOOK 135.

PART II - LIFE-CYCLE COST ANALYSIS: DISCOUNT RATE = 7.0%

PROJECT NAME: FAN COIL RUN DATE: 07-09-1987/09:07:1

PRESENT VALUE

(1987 DOLLARS)

ANNUAL VALUE

(1987 DOLLARS)

A. INITIAL INVESTMENT REQUIREMENTS $3,450 $326

B. OPERATING, MAINTENANCE & RELATED COSTS:

ANNUALLY RECURRING COSTS (NON-ENERGY)

ENERGY COSTS

$953

$3,157

$90

$298

SUBTOTAL $4,111 $388

D. LESS: REMAINING VALUE AT END OF

STUDY PERIOD

E. TOTAL LIFE-CYCLE PROJECT COST

$0

$7,561

$0

$714

A-6
Table A-7 FBLCC ANALYSIS: TAMPA, RADIANT PANEL

PART I - INITIAL ASSUMPTIONS AND COST DATA

PROJECT NAME: RADIANT

RUN DATE: 07-09-1987 09:08:01

BLDG. CHAR. FILE NAME: VATRAD1.BCF, LAST MODIFIED 05-16-1987 10:59:49

LCC OUTPUT FILE NAME: VATRAD1.LCC, CREATED 05-16-1987 11:05:17

LCC ANALYSIS TYPE: NBS HANDBOOK 135

STUDY PERIOD: 20 YEARS (1987 TO 2007)

DISCOUNT RATE: 7.0%

BUILDING TYPE: COMMERCIAL

DOE REGION: 4

INITIAL CAPITAL COMPONENT COSTS (NOT DISCOUNTED)

TOTAL COST

TOTAL FOR HVAC 0 $4,065

TOTAL PROJECT COST (ACTUAL) $4,065

LESS FEDERAL CONSERVATION CREDIT(a) $0

TOTAL ADJUSTED PROJECT COST $4,065

ENERGY-RELATED COSTS

ENERGY MMBTU/ PRICE DEMAND UPW* TOTAL

TYPE YEAR ($/MMBTU) COST FACTOR P.V. COST

NATURAL GAS 5.0 $4.73 $0 14.89 $351

ELECTRICITY 15.0 $19.38 $0 9.12 $2655

(a) TO REFLECT 10% FIRST COST ADJUSTMENT RULE IN NBS HANDBOOK 135.

PART II - LIFE-CYCLE COST ANALYSIS: DISCOUNT RATE = 7.0%

PROJECT NAME: RADIANT RUN DATE: 07-09-1987/09:08:1

PRESENT VALUE

(1987 DOLLARS)

ANNUAL VALUE

(1987 DOLLARS)

A. INITIAL INVESTMENT REQUIREMENTS $4,065 $384

B. OPERATING, MAINTENANCE & RELATED COSTS:

ANNUALLY RECURRING COSTS (NON-ENERGY)

ENERGY COSTS

$297

$3,006

$28

$284

SUBTOTAL $3,303 $312

D. LESS: REMAINING VALUE AT END OF

STUDY PERIOD

E. TOTAL LIFE-CYCLE PROJECT COST

$0

$7,368

$0

$695

A-7
Table A-8 FBLCC ANALYSIS: TAMPA, VARIABLE AIR VOLUME

PART I - INITIAL ASSUMPTIONS AND COST DMA

PROJECT NAME: VAV

RUN DATE: 07-09-1987 09:08:14

BLDG, CHAR. FILE NAME: VA3VAV1.BCF, LAST MODIFIED 05-16-1987 11:00:40

IOC OUTPUT FILE NAME: VAI3VAV1.LCC, CREATED 05-16-1987 11:05:31

LCC ANALYSIS TYPE: NBS HANDBOOK 135

STUDY PERIOD: 20 YEARS (1987 TO 2007)

DISCOUNT RATE: 7,0%

BUILDING TYPE: COMMERCIAL

DOE REGION: 4

INITIAL CAPITAL COMPONENT COSTS (NOT DISCOUNTED)

TOTAL COST

TOTAL, FOR HVAC $4,000

TOTAL PROJECT COST (ACTUAL) $4,000

LESS FEDERAL CONSERVATION CREDIT(a) $0

TOTAL ADJUSTED PROJECT COST $4,000

ENERGY-RELATED COSTS

ENERGY MMBTU/ PRICE DEMAND UFW* TOTAL

TYPE YEAR ($/MMBTU) COST FACTOR P.V. COST

NATURAL GAS 4.4 $4.73 $0 14.89 $306

ELECTRICITY 10.5 $19.38 $0 9.12 $1856

(a) TO REFLECT 10% FIRST COST ADJUSTMENT RULE IN NBS HANDBOOK 135.

PART II - LIFE-CYCLE COST ANALYSIS: DISCOUNT RATE = 7.0%

PROJECT NAME: VAV RUN DATE: 07-09-1987/09:08::

PRESENT VALUE ANNUAL VALUE

(1987 DOLLARS) (1987 DOLLARS)

A. INITIAL INVESTMENT REQUIREMENTS $4,000 $378

B. OPERATING, MAINTENANCE & RELATED COSTS:

ANNUALLY RECURRING COSTS (NON-ENERGY) $424 $40

ENERGY COSTS $2,163 $204

SUETCTAL $2,586 $244

D. LESS: REMAINING VALUE AT END OF

STUDY PERIOD $0 $0

E. TOTAL LIFE-CYCLE PROJECT COST $6,586 $622

A-8
Table A-9 FBLCC ANALYSIS? TAMPA, FAN COIL

PART I - INITIAL ASSUMPTIONS AND COST DATA

PROJECT NAME: FAN COIL

RUN DATE: 07-09-1987 09:08:26

BLDG. CHAR. FILE NAME: VATFC1.BCF, LAST MODIFIED 05-16-1987 11:01:23

ICC OUTPUT FILE NAME: VATFC1.LCC, CREATED 05-16-1987 11:05:48

ICC ANALYSIS TYPE: NBS HANDBOOK 135

STUDY PERIOD: 20 YEARS (1987 TO 2007)

DISCOUNT RATE: 7.0%

BUILDING TYPE: COMMERCIAL

DOE REGION: 4

INITIAL CAPITAL COMPONENT COSTS (NOT DISCOUNTED)

TOTAL COST

TOTAL FOR HVAC $3,450

TOTAL PROJECT COST (ACTUAL) $3,450

LESS FEDERAL CONSERVATION CREDIT(a) $0

TOTAL ADJUSTED PROJECT COST $3,450

ENERGY-RELATED COSTS

ENERGY MMBTU/ PRICE DEMAND UPW* TOTAL

TYPE YEAR ($/MMBTU) COST FACTOR P.V. COST

NATURAL GAS 1.5 $4.73 $0 14.89 $104

ELECTRICITY 11.2 $19.38 $0 9.12 $1976

(a) TO REFLECT 10% FIRST COST ADJUSTMENT RULE IN NBS HANDBOOK 135.

PART II - LIFE-CYCLE COST ANALYSIS: DISCOUNT RATE = 7.0%

PROJECT NAME: FAN COIL RUN DATE: 07-09-1987/09:08:26

PRESENT VALUE

(1987 DOLLARS)

ANNUAL VALUE

(1987 DOLLARS)

A. INITIAL INVESTMENT REQUIREMENTS $3,450 $326

B. OPERATING, MAINTENANCE & RELATED COSTS:

ANNUALLY RECURRING COSTS (NON-ENERGY)

ENERGY COSTS

$953

$2,081

$90

$196

SUBTOTAL $3,034 $286

D. LESS: REMAINING VALUE AT END OF

STUDY PERIOD

E. TOTAL LIFE-CYCLE PROJECT COST

$0

$6,484

$0

$612

A-9
Table A-10 FBLCC ANALYSIS : PHOENIX, RADIANT PANEL

PART I - INITIAL ASSUMPTIONS AND COST DATA

PROJECT NAME: RADIANT

RUN DATE: 07-09-1987 09:08:34

BLDG. CHAR. FILE NAME: VAPRAD1.BCF, LAST MODIFIED 05-16-1987 11:02:30

LCC OUTPUT FILE NAME: VAPRAD1.LCC, CREATED 05-16-1987 11:06:05

LCC ANALYSIS TYPE: NBS HANDBOOK 135

STUDY PERIOD: 20 YEARS (1987 TO 2007)

DISCOUNT RATE: 7.0%

BUILDING TYPE: COMMERCIAL

DOE REGION: 9

INITIAL CAPITAL COMPONENT COSTS (NOT DISCOUNTED)

TOTAL COST

TOTAL FOR HVAC $4,065

TOTAL PROJECT COST (ACTUAL) $4,065

LESS FEDERAL CONSERVATION CREDIT(a) $0

TOTAL ADJUSTED PROJECT COST $4,065

ENERGY-RELATED COSTS

ENERGY MMBTU/ PRICE DEMAND UFW* TOTAL

TYPE YEAR ($/MMBTU) COST FACTOR P.V. COST

NATURAL GAS 8.2 $5.64 $0 12.06 $560

ELECTRICITY 13.6 $21.12 $0 9.41 $2695

(a) TO REFLECT 10% FIRST COST ADJUSTMENT RULE IN NBS HANDBOOK 135.

PART II - LIFE-CYCLE COST ANALYSIS: DISCOUNT RATE = 7.0%

PROJECT NAME: RADIANT RUN DATE: 07-09-1987/09:08:34

PRESENT VALUE ANNUAL VALUE

(1987 DOLLARS) (1987 DOLLARS)

A. INITIAL INVESTMENT REQUIREMENTS $4,065 $384

B. OPERATING, MAINTENANCE & RELATED COSTS1: ANNUALLY RECURRING COSTS (NON-ENERGY) $297 $28

ENERGY COSTS $3,255 $307

SUBTOTAL $3,552 $335

D. LESS: REMAINING VALUE AT END OF

STUDY PERIOD $0 $0

E. TOTAL LIFE-CYCLE PROJECT COST $7,617 $719

A-10
Table A-ll FBLCC ANALYSIS: PHOENIX, VARIABLE AIR VOLUME

PART I - INITIAL ASSUMPTIONS AND COST DATA

PROJECT NAME: VAV

RUN DATE: 07-09-1987 09:08:40

BLDG. CHAR. FILE NAME: VAPVAV1.BCF, LAST MODIFIED 05-16-1987 11:03:14

LCC OUTPUT FILE NAME: VAPVAVL.LCC, CREATED 05-16-1987 11:06:21

LCC ANALYSIS TYPE: NBS HANDBOOK 135

STUDY PERIOD: 20 YEARS (1987 TO 2007)

DISCOUNT RATE: 7.0%

BUILDING TYPE: COMMERCIAL

DOE REGION: 9

INITIAL CAPITAL COMPONENT COSTS (NOT DISCOUNTED)

TOTAL COST

TOTAL FOR HVAC $4,000

TOTAL PROJECT COST (ACTUAL) $4,000

LESS FEDERAL CONSERVATION CREDIT(a) $0

TOTAL ADJUSTED PROJECT COST $4,000

ENERGY-RELATED COSTS

ENERGY MMBTU/ PRICE DEMAND UPW* TOTAL

TYPE YEAR ($/MMBTU) COST FACTOR P.V. COST

NATURAL GAS 5.6 $5.64 $0 12.06 $381

ELECTRICITY 9.7 $21.12 $0 9.41 $1934

(a) TO REFLECT 10% FIRST COST ADJUSTMENT RULE IN NBS HANDBOOK 135.

PART II - LIFE-CYCLE COST ANALYSIS: DISCOUNT RATE = 7.0%

PROJECT NAME: VAV RUN DATE: 07-09-1987/09:08:-

PRESENT VALUE

(1987 DOLLARS)

ANNUAL VALUE

(1987 DOLLARS)

A. INITIAL INVESTMENT REQUIREMENTS $4,000 $378

B. OPERATING, MAINTENANCE & RELATED COSTS:

ANNUALLY RECURRING COSTS (NON-ENERGY)

ENERGY COSTS

$424

$2,315

$40

$219

SUBTOTAL $2,739 $259

D. LESS: REMAINING VALUE AT END OF

STUDY PERIOD

E. TOTAL LIFE-CYCLE PROJECT COST

$0

$6,739

$0

$636

A-ll
Table A-12 FBLCC ANALYSIS: PHOENIX, FAN COIL

PART I - INITIAL ASSUMPTIONS AND COST DMA

PROJECT NAME: FAN COIL

RUN DATE: 07-09-19 87 09:08:48

HLDG. CHAR. FILE NAME: VAPPC1.BCF, LAST MODIFIED 05-16-1987 11:03:56-

LCC OUTPUT FILE NAME: VAPFC1.LCC, CREATED 05-16-1987 11:06:35

ICC ANALYSIS TYPE: NBS HANDBOOK 135

STUDY PERIOD: 20 1EARS (1987 TO 2007)

DISCOUNT RATE: 7.0%

BUILDING TYPE: COMMERCIAL

DOE REGION: 9

INITIAL CAPITAL COMPONENT COSTS (NOT DISCOUNTED)

TOTAL COST

TOTAL FOR HVAC $3,450

TOTAL PROJECT COST (ACTUAL) $3,450

LESS FEDERAL CONSERVATION CREDIT(a) $0

TOTAL ADJUSTED PROJECT COST $3,450

ENERGY-RELATED COSTS

ENERGY MMBTU/ PRICE DEMAND UFW* TOTAL

TYPE YEAR ($/MMBTU) COST FACTOR P.V. COST

NATURAL GAS 2.5 $5.64 $0 12.06 $170

ELECTRICITY 10.8 $21.12 $0 9.41 $2154

(a) TO REFLECT 10% FIRST COST ADJUSTMENT RULE IN NBS HANDBOOK 135.

PART II - LIFE-CYCLE COST ANALYSIS: DISCOUNT RATE = 7.0%

PROJECT NAME: FAN COIL RUN DATE: 07-09-1987/09:08:-

PRESENT VALUE

(1987 DOLLARS)

ANNUAL VALUE

(1987 DOLLARS)

A. INITIAL INVESTMENT REQUIREMENTS $3,450 $326

B. OPERATING, MAINTENANCE & RELATED COSTS:

ANNUALLY RECURRING COSTS (NON-ENERGY)

ENERGY COSTS

$953

$2,325

$90

$219

SUBTOTAL $3,278 $309

D. LESS: REMAINING VALUE AT END OF

STUDY PERIOD

E. TOTAL LIFE-CYCLE PROJECT COST

$0

$6,728

$0

$635

A-12
APPENDIX B

BUILDING CHARACTERISTICS FILES
-

' -

.

’ (

'
Table B-l BCF: Dayton, Radiant Panel

BUILDING CHARACTERISTICS FILE

FILE NAME: VADRAD1( .BCF)

FILE LAST MODIFIED ON 05-16-1987 10:28:51

PROJECT TITLE: RADIANT

BASIC LCC ANALYSIS ASSUMPTIONS:

ANALYSIS TYPE: NBS HANDBOOK 135

BASE DATE FOR LCC ANALYSIS: 1987

STUDY PERIOD: 20 YEARS

OCCUPANCY DATE: 1987

DISCOUNT RATE (REAL) = 7.00%

BUILDING TYPE = 2 COMMERCIAL

DOE REGION = 5

CAPITAL COMPONENT AND REPLACEMENT COST DATA:

NUMBER OF CAPITAL COMPONENTS: 1

CAPITAL COMPONENT DATA:

COMPONENT NAME HVAC

INITIAL COMPONENT COST 4065

INITo CONSERVATION-RELATED COST 0

EXPECTED COMPONENT LLFE(YRS) 20

AVG PRICE ESC RT DURING CONST. 0.00%

AVG PRICE ESC RT DURING OCC. 0.00%

RESALE VALUE FACTOR 0.00%

NUMBER OF REPLACEMENTS 0

NO REPLACEMENTS TO ANY CAPITAL COMPONENTS

OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE COST DATA:

ANNUAL RECURRING O AND M COST = $28

ANNUAL RATE OF INCREASE FOR A.R.C. = 0.00%

NUMBER OF NON-ANNUAL RECURRING O AND M COSTS = 0

ANNUAL RATE OF INCREASE FOR N.A.R.C. COSTS = 0.00%

B-l
Table B-l BCF: Dayton, Radiant Panel (continued)

ENERGY COST DATA:

NUMBER OF ENERGY TYPES = 2

ENERGY TYPE NO. 1 * NATURAL GAS

AVG ANNUAL CONSUMPTION = 24.3 MILLION BTU

PRICE PER MILLION BTU = $4.72

ANNUAL DEMAND (AND/CR OTHER CHARGE) = $0

ESCALATION RATE METHOD = 2

YEAR RATE YEAR RATE

1987 -1.31% 1997 3.22%

1988 2.44% 1998 3.93%

1989 3.46% 1999 4.57%

1990 4.39% 2000 0.00%

1991 7.82% 2001 0.00%

1992 5.76% 2002 0.00%

1993 7.03% 2003 0.00%

1994 6.40% 2004 0.00%

1995 5.40% 2005 0.00%

1996 4.54% 2006 0.00%

ENERGY TYPE NO. 2 = ELECTRICITY

AVG ANNUAL CONSUMPTION = 9.7 MILLION BTU

PRICE PER MILLION BTU =$22.63

ANNUAL DEMAND (AND/OR OTHER CHARGE) = $0

ESCALATION RATE METHOD = 2

YEAR RATE YEAR RATE

1987 -0.09% 1997 -0.89%

1988 -2.93% 1998 2.86%

1989 -2.50% 1999 -1.03%

1990 -3.38% 2000 0.00%

1991 -4.60% 2001 0.00%

1992 -3.98% 2002 0.00%

1993 -1.85% 2003 0.00%

1994 -0.44% 2004 0.00%

1995 0.17% 2005 0.00%

1996 0.39% 2006 0.00%

B-2
Table B-2 BCF: Dayton, Variable Air Volume

BUILDING CHARACTERISTICS FILE

FILE NAME: VADVAVL( .BCF)

FILE LAST MODIFIED ON 05-16-1987 10:30:26

PROJECT TITLE: VAV

BASIC ICC ANALYSIS ASSUMPTIONS:

ANALYSIS TYPE: NBS HANDBOOK 135

BASE DATE FOR LCC ANALYSIS: 1987

STUDY PERIOD: 20 YEARS

OCCUPANCY DATE: 1987

DISCOUNT RATE (REAL) = 7.00%

BUILDING TYPE = 2 COMMERCIAL

DOE REGION = 5

CAPITAL COMPONENT AND REPLACEMENT COST DATA:

NUMBER OF CAPITAL COMPONENTS: 1

CAPITAL COMPONENT DATA:

COMPONENT NAME HVAC

INITIAL COMPONENT COST 4000

INIT. CONSERVATION-RELATED COST 0

EXPECTED COMPONENT LLFE(YRS) 20

AVG PRICE ESC RT DURING CONST. 0.00%

AVG PRICE ESC RT DURING OCC. 0.00%

RESALE VALUE FACTOR 0.00%

NUMBER OF REPLACEMENTS 0

NO REPLACEMENTS TO ANY CAPITAL COMPONENTS

OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE COST DATA:

ANNUAL RECURRING O AND M COST = $40

ANNUAL RATE OF INCREASE FOR A.R.C. = 0.00%

NUMBER OF NON-ANNUAL RECURRING O AND M COSTS = 0

ANNUAL RATE OF INCREASE FOR N.A.R.C. COSTS = 0.00%

B-3
Table B-2 BCFs Dayton, Variable Air Volume (continued)

ENERGY COST DATA?

NUMBER OF ENERGY TYPES = 2

ENERGY TYPE NO. 1 = NATURAL GAS

AVG ANNUAL CONSUMPTION = 16.0 MILLION BTU

PRICE PER MILLION BTU = $4.72

ANNUAL DEMAND (AND/OR OTHER CHARGE) = $0

ESCALATION RATE METHOD = 2

YEAR RATE YEAR RATE

1987 -1.31% 1997 3.22%

1988 2.44% 1998 3.93%

1989 3.46% 1999 4.57%

1990 4.39% 2000 0.00%

1991 7.82% 2001 0.00%

1992 5.76% 2002 0.00%

1993 7.03% 2003 0.00%

1994 6.40% 2004 0.00%

1995 5.40% 2005 0.00%

1996 4.54% 2006 0.00%

ENERGY TYPE NO. 2 = ELECTRICITY

AVG ANNUAL CONSUMPTION = 6.7 MIT, I .TON BTU

PRICE PER MILLION BTU =$22.63

ANNUAL DEMAND (AND/OR OTHER CHARGE) = $0

ESCALATION RATE METHOD = 2

YEAR RATE YEAR RATE

1987 -0.09% 1997 -0.89%

1988 -2.93% 1998 2.86%

1989 -2.50% 1999 -1.03%

1990 -3.38% 2000 0.00%

1991 -4.60% 2001 0.00%

1992 -3.98% 2002 0.00%

1993 -1.85% 2003 0.00%

1994 -0.44% 2004 0.00%

1995 0.17% 2005 0.00%

1996 0.39% 2006 0.00%

B-4
Table B-3 BCF: Dayton, Fan Coil

BUILDINS CHARACTERISTICS FILE

FILE NAME: VADFCl(.BCF)

FILE LAST MODIFIED ON 05-16-1987 10:31:59

PROJECT TITLE: FAN COIL

BASIC LCC ANALYSIS ASSUMPTIONS:

ANALYSIS TYPE: NBS HANDBOOK 135

BASE DATE FOR LCC ANALYSIS: 1987

STUDY PERIOD: 20 YEARS

OCCUPANCY DATE: 1987

DISCOUNT RATE (REAL) = 7.00%

BUILDING TYPE = 2 COMMERCIAL

DOE REGION = 5

CAPITAL COMPONENT AND REPLACEMENT COST DATA:

NUMBER OF CAPITAL COMPONENTS: 1

CAPITAL COMPONENT DATA:

COMPONENT NAME HVAC

INITIAL COMPONENT COST 3450

INTT. CONSERVATION-RELATED COST 0

EXPECTED COMPONENT LEFE(YRS) 20

AVG PRICE ESC RT DURING CONST. 0.00%

AVG PRICE ESC RT DURING OCC. 0.00%

RESALE VALUE FACTOR 0.00%

NUMBER OF REPLACEMENTS 0

NO REPLACEMENTS TO ANY CAPITAL COMPONENTS

OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE COST DATA:

ANNUAL RECURRING O AND M COST = $90

ANNUAL RATE OF INCREASE FOR A.R.C. = 0.00%

NUMBER OF NON-ANNUAL RECURRING O AND M COSTS = 0

ANNUAL RATE OF INCREASE FOR N.A.R.C. COSTS = 0.00%

B-5
Table B-3 BCF: Dayton, Fan Coil (continued)

ENERGY COST DATA.:

NUMBER OF ENERGY TYPES = 2

ENERGY TYPE NO. 1 * NATURAL GAS

AVG ANNUAL CONSUMPTION = 10.4 MILLION BTU

PRICE PER MILLION BTU = $4.72

ANNUAL DEMAND (AND/OR OTHER CHARGE) = $0

ESCALATION RATE METHOD = 2

YEAR RATE YEAR RATE

1987 -1.31% 1997 3.22%

1988 2.44% 1998 3.93%

1989 3.46% 1999 4.57%

1990 4.39% 2000 0.00%

1991 7.82% 2001 0.00%

1992 5.76% 2002 0.00%

1993 7.03% 2003 0.00%

1994 6.40% 2004 0.00%

1995 5.40% 2005 0.00%

1996 4.54% 2006 0.00%

ENERGY TYPE NO. 2 = ELECTRICITY

AVG ANNUAL CONSUMPTION = 9.1 MILLION BTU

PRICE PER MILLION BTU =$22.63

ANNUAL DEMAND (AND/CR OTHER CHARGE) = $0

ESCALATION RATE METHOD = 2

YEAR RATE YEAR RATE

1987 -0.09% 1997 -0.89%

1988 -2.93% 1998 2.86%

1989 -2.50% 1999 -1.03%

1990 -3.38% 2000 0.00%

1991 -4.60% 2001 0.00%

1992 -3.98% 2002 0.00%

1993 -1.85% 2003 0.00%

1994 -0.44% 2004 0.00%

1995 0.17% 2005 0.00%

1996 0.39% 2006 0.00%

B-6
Table B-4 BCF: Boston, Radiant Panel

BUILDING CHARACTERISTICS FILE

FILE NAME: VAERAD1( .BCF)

FILE LAST MODIFIED ON 05-16-1987 10:53:28

PROJECT TITLE: RADIANT

BASIC LCC ANALYSIS ASSUMPTIONS:

ANALYSIS TYPE: NBS HANDBOOK 135

BASE DATE FOR LCC ANALYSIS: 1987

STUDY PERIOD: 20 YEARS

OCCUPANCY DATE: 1987

DISCOUNT RATE (REAL) - 7.00%

BUILDING TYPE = 2 COMMERCIAL

DOE REGION = 1

CAPITAL COMPONENT AND REPLACEMENT COST DATA:

NUMBER OF CAPITAL COMPONENTS: 1

CAPITAL COMPONENT DATA:

COMPONENT NAME HVAC

INITIAL COMPONENT COST 4065

INIT. CONSERVATION-RELATED COST 0

EXPECTED COMPONENT LIFE(YRS) 20

AVG PRICE ESC RT DURING CONST. 0.00%

AVG PRICE ESC RT DURING OCC. 0.00%

RESALE VALUE FACTOR 0.00%

NUMBER OF REPLACEMENTS 0

NO REPLACEMENTS TO ANY CAPITAL COMPONENTS

OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE COST DATA:

ANNUAL RECURRING O AND M COST = $28

ANNUAL RATE OF INCREASE FOR A.R.C. = 0.00%

NUMBER OF NON-ANNUAL RECURRING O AND M COSTS = 0

ANNUAL RATE OF INCREASE FOR N.A.R.C. COSTS = 0.00%

B-7
Table B-4 BCF: Boston, Radiant Panel (continued)

ENERGY COST DATAs

NUMBER OF ENERGY TYPES = 2

ENERGY TYPE NO. 1 = NATURAL GAS

AVG ANNUAL CONSUMPTION = 24.5 MILLION BTU

PRICE PER MILLION ETU = $6.10

ANNUAL DEMAND (AND/OR OTHER CHARGE) = $0

ESCALATION RATE METHOD = 2

YEAR RATE YEAR RATE

1987 0.00% 1997 2.55%

1988 6 . 27% 1998 2.83%

1989 3 . 03% 1999 4.18%

1990 2.48% 2000 0.00%

1991 5.89% 2001 0.00%

1992 5.56% 2002 0.00%

1993 3.11% 2003 0.00%

1994 5.24% 2004 0.00%

1995 3.49% 2005 0.00%

1996 3 . 73% 2006 0.00%

ENERGY TYPE NO. 2 = ELECTRICITY

AVG ANNUAL CONSUMPTION = • 9.0 MILLION BTU

PRICE PER MILLION BTU =$29.07

ANNUAL DEMAND (AND/OR OTHER CHARGE) = $0

ESCALATION RATE METHOD = 2

YEAR RATE YEAR RATE

1987 3.06% 1997 -0.57%

1988 -2.14% 1998 1.73%

1989 -2.89% 1999 1.17%

1990 -2.98% 2000 0.00%

1991 -4.00% 2001 0.00%

1992 -2.57% 2002 0.00%

1993 -0.60% 2003 0.00%

1994 -0.36% 2004 0.00%

1995 -1.01% 2005 0.00%

1996 -0.33% 2006 0.00%
Table B-5 BCF: Boston , Variable Air Volume

BUILDING CHARACTERISTICS FILE

FILE NAME: VABVAV1( .BCF)

FILE LAST MODIFIED ON 05-16-1987 10:55:10

PROJECT TITLE: VAV

BASIC ICC ANALYSIS ASSUMPTIONS:

ANALYSIS TYPE: NBS HANDBOOK 135

BASE DATE FOR LCC ANALYSIS: 1987

STUDY PERIOD: 20 YEARS

OCCUPANCY DATE: 1987

DISCOUNT RATE (REAL) = 7.00%

BUILDING TYPE = 2 COMMERCIAL

DOE REGION = 1

CAPITAL COMPONENT AND REPLACEMENT COST DATA:

NUMBER OF CAPITAL COMPONENTS: 1

CAPITAL COMPONENT DATA:

COMPONENT NAME HVAC

INITIAL COMPONENT COST 4000

INIT. CONSERVATION-RELATED COST 0

EXPECTED COMPONENT LIFE(YRS) 20

AVG PRICE ESC RT DURING CONST. 0.00%

AVG PRICE ESC RT DURING OCC. 0.00%

RESALE VALUE FACTOR 0.00%

NUMBER OF REPLACEMENTS 0

NO REPLACEMENTS TO ANY CAPITAL COMPONENTS

OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE COST DATA:

ANNUAL RECURRING O AND M COST = $40

ANNUAL RATE OF INCREASE FOR A.R.C. = 0.00%

NUMBER OF NON-ANNUAL RECURRING O AND M COSTS = ANNUAL RATE OF INCREASE FOR N.A.R.C. COSTS =

0

0 . 00%

B-9
Table B-5 BCF: Boston, Variable Air Volume (continued)

ENERGY COST DATA:

NUMBER OF ENERGY TYPES = 2

ENERGY TYPE NO. 1 * NATURAL GAS

AVG ANNUAL CONSUMPTION = 16 ,3 MILLION BTU

PRICE PER MILLION BTU = $6.10

ANNUAL DEMAND (AND/OR OTHER CHARGE) = $0

ESCALATION RATE METHOD = 2

YEAR RATE YEAR RATE

1987 0.00% 1997 2.55%

1988 6.27% 1998 2.83%

1989 3.03% 1999 4.18%

1990 2.48% 2000 0.00%

1991 5.89% 2001 0.00%

1992 5.56% 2002 0.00%

1993 3.11% 2003 0.00%

1994 5.24% 2004 0.00%

1995 3.49% 2005 0.00%

1996 3.73% 2006 0.00%

ENERGY TYPE NO. 2 = ELECTRICITY

AVG ANNUAL CONSUMPTION = 5.6 MILLION BTU

PRICE PER MILLION BTU =$29.07

ANNUAL DEMAND (AND/OR OTHER CHARGE) = $0

ESCALATION RATE METHOD = 2

YEAR RATE YEAR RATE

1987 3.06% 1997 -0.57%

1988 -2.14% 1998 1.73%

1989 -2.89% 1999 1.17%

1990 -2.98% 2000 0.00%

1991 -4.00% 2001 0.00%

1992 -2.57% 2002 0.00%

1993 -0.60% 2003 0.00%

1994 -0.36% 2004 0.00%

1995 -1.01% 2005 0.00%

1996 -0.33% 2006 0.00%

B-10
Table B-6 BCF: Boston, Fan Coil

BUILDING CHARACTERISTICS FILE

FILE NAME: VABFCl(.BCF)

FILE LAST MODIFIED ON 05-16-1987 10:56:31

PROJECT TITLE: FAN COIL

BASIC ICC ANALYSIS ASSUMPTIONS:

ANALYSIS TYPE: NBS HANDBOOK 135

BASE DATE FOR LCC ANALYSIS: 1987

STUDY PERIOD: 20 YEARS

OCCUPANCY DATE: 1987

DISCOUNT RATE (REAL) = 7.00%

BUILDING TYPE = 2 COMMERCIAL

DOE REGION = 1

CAPITAL COMPONENT AND REPLACEMENT COST DATA:

NUMBER OF CAPITAL COMPONENTS: 1

CAPITAL COMPONENT DATA:

COMPONENT NAME HVAC

INITIAL COMPONENT COST 3450

INIT. CONSERVATION-RELATED COST 0

EXPECTED COMPONENT UFE(YRS) 20

AVG PRICE ESC RT DURING CONST. 0.00%

AVG PRICE ESC RT DURING OCC. 0.00%

RESALE VALUE FACTOR 0.00%

NUMBER OF REPLACEMENTS 0

NO REPLACEMENTS TO ANY CAPITAL COMPONENTS

OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE COST DATA:

ANNUAL RECURRING O AND M COST = $90

ANNUAL RATE OF INCREASE FOR A.R.C. = 0.00%

NUMBER OF NON-ANNUAL RECURRING O AND M COSTS = 0

ANNUAL RATE OF INCREASE FOR N.A.R.C. COSTS = 0.00%

B-ll
Table B-6 BCF: Boston, Fan Coil (continued)

ENERGY COST DATA:

NUMBER OF ENERGY TYPES = 2

ENERGY TYPE NO. 1 = NATURAL GAS

AVG ANNUAL CONSUMPTION = 10.0 MILLION BTU

PRICE PER MILLION BTU = $6.10

ANNUAL DEMAND (AND/OR OTHER CHARGE) = $0

ESCALATION RATE METHOD = 2

YEAR RATE YEAR RATE

1987 0.00% 1997 2.55%

1988 6.27% 1998 2.83%

1989 3.03% 1999 4.18%

1990 2.48% 2000 0.00%

1991 5.89% 2001 0.00%

1992 5.56% 2002 0.00%

1993 3.11% 2003 0.00%

1994 5.24% 2004 0.00%

1995 3.49% 2005 0.00%

1996 3.73% 2006 0.00%

ENERGY TYPE NO. 2 = ELECTRICITY

AVG ANNUAL CONSUMPTION = 8.1 MILLION BTU

PRICE PER MILLION BTU =$29.07

ANNUAL DEMAND (AND/OR OTHER CHARGE) = $0

ESCALATION RATE METHOD = 2

YEAR RATE YEAR RATE

1987 3.06% 1997 -0.57%

1988 -2.14% 1998 1.73%

1989 -2.89% 1999 1.17%

1990 -2.98% 2000 0.00%

1991 -4.00% 2001 0.00%

1992 -2.57% 2002 0.00%

1993 -0.60% 2003 0.00%

1994 -0.36% 2004 0.00%

1995 -1.01% 2005 0.00%

1996 -0.33% 2006 0.00%

B-12
Table B-7 BCF: Tampa, Radiant Panel

BUILDING CHARACTERISTICS FILE

FILE NAME: VATRAD1( .BCF)

FILE LAST MODIFIED ON 05-16-1987 10:59:49

PROJECT TITLE: RADIANT

BASIC LCC ANALYSIS ASSUMPTIONS:

ANALYSIS TYPE: NBS HANDBOOK 135

BASE DATE FOR LCC ANALYSIS: 1987

STUDY PERIOD: 20 YEARS

OCCUPANCY DATE: 1987

DISCOUNT RATE (REAL) = 7.00%

BUILDING TYPE = 2 COMMERCIAL

DOE REGION = 4

CAPITAL COMPONENT AND REPLACEMENT COST DATA:

NUMBER OF CAPITAL COMPONENTS: 1

CAPITAL COMPONENT DATA:

COMPONENT NAME HVAC

INITIAL COMPONENT COST 4065

INTT. CONSERVATION-RELATED COST 0

EXPECTED COMPONENT LLFE(YRS) 20

AVG PRICE ESC RT DURING CONST. 0.00%

AVG PRICE ESC RT DURING OCC. 0.00%

RESALE VALUE FACTOR 0.00%

NUMBER OF REPLACEMENTS 0

NO REPLACEMENTS TO ANY CAPITAL COMPONENTS

OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE COST DATA:

ANNUAL RECURRING O AND M COST = $28

ANNUAL RATE OF INCREASE FOR A.R.C. = 0.00%

NUMBER OF NON-ANNUAL RECURRING O AND M COSTS = 0

ANNUAL RATE OF INCREASE FOR N.A.R.C. COSTS = 0.00%

B-13
Table B-7 BCF: Tampa, Radiant Panel (continued)

ENERGY COST DATA.:

NUMBER OF ENERGY TYPES = 2

ENERGY TYPE NO. 1 * NATURAL GAS

AVG ANNUAL CONSUMPTION = 5.0 MILLION BTU

PRICE PER MILLION BTU = $4.73

ANNUAL DEMAND (AND/OR OTHER CHARGE) = $0

ESCALATION RATE METHOD = 2

YEAR RATE YEAR RATE

1987 0.00% 1997 3.41%

1988 1.97% 1998 4.08%

1989 3.64% 1999 5.82%

1990 3.51% 2000 0.00%

1991 7.78% 2001 0.00%

1992 5.74% 2002 0.00%

1993 6.83% 2003 0.00%

1994 7.54% 2004 0.00%

1995 6.25% 2005 0.00%

1996 5.31% 2006 0.00%

ENERGY TYPE NO. 2 = ELECTRICITY

AVG ANNUAL CONSUMPTION = 15.0 MILLION BTU

PRICE PER MILLION BTU =$19.38

ANNUAL DEMAND (AND/OR OTHER CHARGE) = $0

ESCALATION RATE METHOD = 2

YEAR RATE YEAR RATE

1987 -4.58% 1997 -0.33%

1988 -2.07% 1998 0.13%

1989 -1.37% 1999 0.52%

1990 -2.14% 2000 0.00%

1991 -3.01% 2001 0.00%

1992 -3.17% 2002 0.00%

1993 -1.20% 2003 0.00%

1994 -1.53% 2004 0.00%

1995 -0.84% 2005 0.00%

1996 0.07% 2006 0.00%

B-14
Table B-8 BCF: Tampa, Variable Air Volume

BUILDING CHARACTERISTICS FILE

FILE NAME: VATVAV1( .BCF)

FILE LAST MODIFIED ON 05-16-1987 11:00:40

PROJECT TITLE: VAV

BASIC LCC ANALYSIS ASSUMPTIONS:

ANALYSIS TYPE: NBS HANDBOOK 135

BASE DATE FOR LCC ANALYSIS: 1987

STUDY PERIOD: 20 YEARS

OCCUPANCY DATE: 1987

DISCOUNT RATE (REAL) = 7.00%

BUILDING TYPE = 2 COMMERCIAL

DOE REGION = 4

CAPITAL COMPONENT AND REPLACEMENT COST DATA:

NUMBER OF CAPITAL COMPONENTS: 1

CAPITAL COMPONENT DATA:

COMPONENT NAME HVAC

INITIAL COMPONENT COST 4000

INIT. CONSERVATION-RELATED COST 0

EXPECTED COMPONENT LIFE(YRS) 20

AVG PRICE ESC RT DURING CONST. 0.00%

AVG PRICE ESC RT DURING OCC. 0.00%

RESALE VALUE FACTOR 0.00%

NUMBER OF REPLACEMENTS 0

NO REPLACEMENTS TO ANY CAPITAL COMPONENTS

OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE COST DATA:

ANNUAL RECURRING O AND M COST = $40

ANNUAL RATE OF INCREASE FOR A.R.C. = 0.00%

NUMBER OF NON-ANNUAL RECURRING O AND M COSTS = ANNUAL RATE OF INCREASE FOR N.A.R.C. COSTS =

0

0 . 00%

B-15
Table B-8 BCF: Tampa, Variable Air Volume (continued)

ENERGY COST DATA:

NUMBER OF ENERGY TYPES = 2

ENERGY TYPE NO. 1 = NATURAL GAS

AVG ANNUAL CONSUMPTION = 4.4 MILLION BTU

PRICE PER MILLION BTU = $4.73

ANNUAL DEMAND (AND/OR OTHER CHARGE) = $0

ESCALATION RATE METHOD = 2

YEAR RATE YEAR RATE

1987 0.00% 1997 3.41%

1988 1.97% 1998 4.08%

1989 3.64% 1999 5.82%

1990 3.51% 2000 0.00%

1991 7.78% 2001 0.00%

1992 5.74% 2002 0.00%

1993 6.83% 2003 0.00%

1994 7.54% 2004 0.00%

1995 6.25% 2005 0.00%

1996 5.31% 2006 0.00%

ENERGY TYPE NO. 2 = ELECTRICITY

AVG ANNUAL CONSUMPTION = 10.5 MUI.TON BTU

PRICE PER MILLION ETU =$19 . 38

ANNUAL DEMAND (AND/OR OTHER CHARGE) = $0

ESCALATION RATE METHOD = 2

YEAR RATE YEAR RATE

1987 -4.58% 1997 -0.33%

1988 -2.07% 1998 0.13%

1989 -1.37% 1999 0.52%

1990 -2.14% 2000 0.00%

1991 -3.01% 2001 0.00%

1992 -3.17% 2002 0.00%

1993 -1.20% 2003 0.00%

1994 -1.53% 2004 0.00%

1995 -0.84% 2005 0.00%

1996 0.07% 2006 0.00%

B-16
Table B-9 BCF: Tainpa, Fan Coil

BUILDING CHARACTERISTICS FILE

FILE NAME: VATFCl(.BCF)

FILE LAST MODIFIED ON 05-16-1987 11:01:23

PROJECT TITLE: FAN COIL

BASIC LCC ANALYSIS ASSUMPTIONS:

ANALYSIS TYPE: NBS HANDBOOK 135

BASE DATE FOR LCC ANALYSIS: 1987

STUDY PERIOD: 20 YEARS

OCCUPANCY DATE: 1987

DISCOUNT RATE (REAL) = 7.00%

BUILDING TYPE = 2 COMMERCIAL

DOE REGION = 4

CAPITAL COMPONENT AND REPLACEMENT COST DATA:

NUMBER OF CAPITAL COMPONENTS: 1

CAPITAL COMPONENT DATA:

COMPONENT NAME HVAC

INITIAL COMPONENT COST 3450

UNIT. CONSERVATION-RELATED COST 0

EXPECTED COMPONENT LIFE(YRS) 20

AVG PRICE ESC RT DURING CONST. 0.00%

AVG PRICE ESC RT DURING OCC. 0.00%

RESALE VALUE FACTOR 0.00%

NUMBER OF REPLACEMENTS 0

NO REPLACEMENTS TO ANY CAPITAL COMPONENTS

OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE COST DATA:

ANNUAL RECURRING O AND M COST = $90

ANNUAL RATE OF INCREASE FOR A.R.C. = 0.00%

NUMBER OF NON-ANNUAL RECURRING O AND M COSTS = 0

ANNUAL RATE OF INCREASE FOR N.A.R.C. COSTS = 0.00%

B-17
Table B-9 BCF: Tampa, Fan Coil (continued)

ENERGY COST DATA.:

NUMBER OF ENERGY TYPES = 2

ENERGY TYPE NO. 1 = NATURAL GAS

AVG ANNUAL CONSUMPTION = 1.5 MTU,ION BTU

PRICE PER MILLION BTU = $4.73

ANNUAL DEMAND (AND/OR OTHER CHARGE) = $0

ESCALATION RATE METHOD = 2

YEAR RATE YEAR RATE

1987 0.00% 1997 3.41%

1988 1.97% 1998 4.08%

1989 3.64% 1999 5.82%

1990 3.51% 2000 0.00%

1991 7.78% 2001 0.00%

1992 5.74% 2002 0.00%

1993 6.83% 2003 0.00%

1994 7.54% 2004 0.00%

1995 6.25% 2005 0.00%

1996 5.31% 2006 0.00%

ENERGY TYPE NO. 2 = ELECTRICITY

AVG ANNUAL CONSUMPTION = 11.2 MILLION BTU

PRICE PER MILLION BTU =$19.38

ANNUAL DEMAND (AND/OR OTHER CHARGE) = $0

ESCALATION RATE METHOD = 2

YEAR RATE YEAR RATE

1987 -4.58% 1997 -0.33%

1988 -2.07% 1998 0.13%

1989 -1.37% 1999 0.52%

1990 -2.14% 2000 0.00%

1991 -3.01% 2001 0.00%

1992 -3.17% 2002 0.00%

1993 -1.20% 2003 0.00%

1994 -1.53% 2004 0.00%

1995 -0.84% 2005 0.00%

1996 0.07% 2006 0.00%

B-18
Table B-10 BCF: Phoenix, Radiant Panel

BUILDING CHARACTERISTICS FILE

FILE NAME: VAPRAD1 ( .BCF)

FILE LAST MODIFIED ON 05-16-1987 11:02:30

PROJECT TITLE: RADIANT

BASIC LCC ANALYSIS ASSUMPTIONS:

ANALYSIS TYPE: NBS HANDBOOK 135

BASE DATE FOR LCC ANALYSIS: 1987

STUDY PERIOD: 20 YEARS

OCCUPANCY DATE: 1987

DISCOUNT RATE (REAL) = 7.00%

BUILDING TYPE = 2 COMMERCIAL

DOE REGION = 9

CAPITAL COMPONENT AND REPLACEMENT COST DATA:

NUMBER OF CAPITAL COMPONENTS: 1

CAPITAL COMPONENT DATA:

COMPONENT NAME HVAC

INITIAL COMPONENT COST 4065

INIT. CONSERVATION-RELATED COST 0

EXPECTED COMPONENT LIFE(YRS) 20

AVG PRICE ESC RT DURING CONST. 0.00%

AVG PRICE ESC RT DURING OCC. 0.00%

RESALE VALUE FACTOR 0.00%

NUMBER OF REPLACEMENTS 0

NO REPLACEMENTS TO ANY CAPITAL COMPONENTS

OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE COST DATA:

ANNUAL RECURRING O AND M COST = $28

ANNUAL RATE OF INCREASE FOR A.R.C. = 0.00%

NUMBER OF NON-ANNUAL RECURRING O AND M COSTS = 0

ANNUAL RATE OF INCREASE FOR N.A.R.C. COSTS = 0.00%

B-19
Table B-10 BCF: Phoenix, Radiant Panel (continued)

ENERGY COST DATA.:

NUMBER OF ENERGY TYPES = 2

ENERGY TYPE NO. 1 = NATURAL GAS

AVG ANNUAL CONSUMPTION = 8.2 MILLION BTU

PRICE PER MILLION BTU = $5 . 64

ANNUAL DEMAND (AND/OR OTHER CHARGE) = $0

ESCALATION RATE METHOD = 2

YEAR RATE YEAR RATE

1987 -4.21% 1997 2.37%

1988 -0.76% 1998 5.20%

1989 0.77% 1999 1.51%

1990 1.34% 2000 0.00%

1991 3.40% 2001 0.00%

1992 3.47% 2002 0.00%

1993 4.94% 2003 0.00%

1994 5.21% 2004 0.00%

1995 4.47% 2005 0.00%

1996 3.36% 2006 0.00%

ENERGY TYPE NO. 2 = ELECTRICITY

AVG ANNUAL CONSUMPTION = 13.6 MILLION BTU

PRICE PER MILLION BTU =$21.12

ANNUAL DEMAND (AND/OR OTHER CHARGE) = $0

ESCALATION RATE MEIHOD = 2

YEAR RATE YEAR RATE

1987 -2.01% 1997 0.91%

1988 -3.20% 1998 1.75%

1989 -3.25% 1999 0.50%

1990 -2.61% 2000 0.00%

1991 -3.89% 2001 0.00%

1992 -2.39% 2002 0.00%

1993 0.35% 2003 0.00%

1994 0.76% 2004 0.00%

1995 0.52% 2005 0.00%

1996 0.57% 2006 0.00%

B-20
Table B-ll BCF: Phoenix, Variable Air Volume

BUILDING CHARACTERISTICS FILE

FILE NAME: VAFVAV1( .BCF)

FILE LAST MODIFIED ON 05-16-1987 11:03:14

PROJECT TITLE: VAV

BASIC LCC ANALYSIS ASSUMPTIONS:

ANALYSIS TYPE: NBS HANDBOOK 135

BASE DATE FOR LCC ANALYSIS: 1987

STUDY PERIOD: 20 YEARS

OCCUPANCY DATE: 1987

DISCOUNT RATE (REAL) = 7.00%

BUILDING TYPE = 2 COMMERCIAL

DOE REGION = 9

CAPITAL COMPONENT AND REPLACEMENT COST DATA:

NUMBER OF CAPITAL COMPONENTS: 1

CAPITAL COMPONENT DATA:

COMPONENT NAME HVAC

INITIAL COMPONENT COST 4000

INIT. CONSERVATION-RELATED COST 0

EXPECTED COMPONENT LIFE(YRS) 20

AVG PRICE ESC RT DURING CONST. 0.00%

AVG PRICE ESC RT DURING OCC. 0.00%

RESALE VALUE FACTOR 0.00%

NUMBER OF REPLACEMENTS 0

NO REPLACEMENTS TO ANY CAPITAL COMPONENTS

OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE COST DATA:

ANNUAL RECURRING O AND M COST = $40

ANNUAL RATE OF INCREASE FOR A.R.C. = 0.00%

NUMBER OF NON-ANNUAL RECURRING O AND M COSTS = 0

ANNUAL RATE OF INCREASE FOR N.A.R.C. COSTS = 0.00%

B-21
Table B-ll BCF: Phoenix, Variable Air Volume (continued)

ENERGY COST DATA:

NUMBER OF ENERGY TYPES = 2

ENERGY TYPE NO. 1 = NATURAL GAS

AVG ANNUAL CONSUMPTION = 5.6 MILLION BTU

PRICE PER MILLION BTU = $5.64

ANNUAL DEMAND (AND/CR OTHER CHARGE) = $0

ESCALATION RATE METHOD = 2

YEAR RATE YEAR RATE

1987 -4.21% 1997 2.37%

1988 -0.76% 1998 5.20%

1989 0.77% 1999 1.51%

1990 1.34% 2000 0.00%

1991 3.40% 2001 0.00%

1992 3.47% 2002 0.00%

1993 4.94% 2003 0.00%

1994 5.21% 2004 0.00%

1995 4.47% 2005 0.00%

1996 3.36% 2006 0.00%

ENERGY TYPE NO. 2 = ELECTRICITY

AVG ANNUAL CONSUMPTION = 9.7 MILLION BTU

PRICE PER MILLION BTU =$21.12

ANNUAL DEMAND (AND/OR OTHER CHARGE) = $0

ESCALATION RATE METHOD = 2

YEAR RATE YEAR RATE

1987 -2.01% 1997 0.91%

1988 -3.20% 1998 1.75%

1989 -3.25% 1999 0.50%

1990 -2.61% 2000 0.00%

1991 -3.89% 2001 0.00%

1992 -2.39% 2002 0.00%

1993 0.35% 2003 0.00%

1994 0.76% 2004 0.00%

1995 0.52% 2005 0.00%

1996 0.57% 2006 0.00%

B-22
Table B-12 BCF: Phoenix, Fan Coil

BUILDING CHARACTERISTICS FILE

FILE NAME: VAPFCl(.BCF)

FILE LAST MODIFIED ON 05-16-1987 11:03:56

PROJECT TITLE: FAN COIL

BASIC LCC ANALYSIS ASSUMPTIONS:

ANALYSIS TYPE: NBS HANDBOOK 135

BASE DATE FOR LCC ANALYSIS: 1987

STUDY PERIOD: 20 YEARS

OCCUPANCY DATE: 1987

DISCOUNT RATE (REAL) = 7.00%

BUILDING TYPE = 2 COMMERCIAL

DOE REGION = 9

CAPITAL COMPONENT AND REPLACEMENT COST DATA:

NUMBER OF CAPITAL COMPONENTS: 1

CAPITAL COMPONENT DATA:

COMPONENT NAME HVAC

INITIAL COMPONENT COST 3450

INIT. CONSERVATION-RELATED COST 0

EXPECTED COMPONENT LIFE(YRS) 20

AVG PRICE ESC RT DURING CONST. 0.00%

AVG PRICE ESC RT DURING OCC. 0.00%

RESALE VALUE FACTOR 0.00%

NUMBER OF REPLACEMENTS 0

NO REPLACEMENTS TO ANY CAPITAL COMPONENTS

OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE COST DATA:

ANNUAL RECURRING O AND M COST = $90

ANNUAL RATE OF INCREASE FOR A.R.C. = 0.00%

NUMBER OF NON-ANNUAL RECURRING O AND M COSTS = 0

ANNUAL RATE OF INCREASE FOR N.A.R.C. COSTS = 0.00%

B-23
Table B-12 BCF: Phoenix, Fan Coil (continued)

ENERGY COST DATA.:

NUMBER OF ENERGY TYPES = 2

ENERGY TYPE NO. 1 * NATURAL GAS

AVG ANNUAL CONSUMPTION = 2.5 MILLION BTU

PRICE PER MILLION BTU = $5.64

ANNUAL DEMAND (AND/OR OTHER CHARGE) = $0

ESCALATION RATE METHOD = 2

YEAR RATE YEAR RATE

1987 -4.21% 1997 2.37%

1988 -0.76% 1998 5.20%

1989 0.77% 1999 1.51%

1990 1.34% 2000 0.00%

1991 3.40% 2001 0.00%

1992 3.47% 2002 0.00%

1993 4.94% 2003 0.00%

1994 5.21% 2004 0.00%

1995 4.47% 2005 0.00%

1996 3.36% 2006 0.00%

ENERGY TYPE NO. 2 = ELECTRICITY

AVG ANNUAL CONSUMPTION = 10.8 MILLION BTU

PRICE PER MILLION BTU =$21.12

ANNUAL DEMAND (AND/OR OTHER CHARGE) = $0

ESCALATION RATE METHOD = 2

YEAR RATE YEAR RATE

1987 -2.01% 1997 0.91%

1988 -3.20% 1998 1.75%

1989 -3.25% 1999 0.50%

1990 -2.61% 2000 0.00%

1991 -3.89% 2001 0.00%

1992 -2.39% 2002 0.00%

1993 0.35% 2003 0.00%

1994 0.76% 2004 0.00%

1995 0.52% 2005 0.00%

1996 0.57% 2006 0.00%

B-24
-114A (Rev. 2 -ac>

! U.S. OEPT. OF COMM.

BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA

1. PUBLICATION OR

REPORT NO.

2. Performing Organ. Report No. 3. Publication Date

SHEET (See instructions) NBSIR 87-3619 SEPTEMBER 1987

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Thermal and Economic Analysis of Three HVAC System Types in a Typical VA Patient

Facility ^

5. AUTHOR(S)

George N. Walton and Stephen R. Petersen

6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION (If joint or other than NBS. see instructions)

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899

7. Contract/Grant No.

8. Type of Report & Period Covered

9. SPONSORING ORGANIZATION NAME AND COMPLETE ADDRESS (Street. City. State. ZIP)

Office of Facilities

Veterans Administration

810 Vermont Avenue, N.W.

Washington, DC 20420

10.

SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

| | Document describes a computer program; SF-185. FlPS Software Summary, is attached.

11.

ABSTRACT (A 200-word or less factual summary of most significant information. If document includes a significant

bibliography or literature survey, mention it here)

Thermal and economic analyses were performed for three different types of heating,

ventilating, and cooling systems for a patient room in a typical VA patient facility

in each of four locations. Thermal analysis was done with the U.S. Army’s Building

Loads Analysis and System Thermodynamics (BLAST) energy analysis program. Radiant

Panel, variable air volume (VAV) , and fan coil systems were simulated. Some

subroutines were developed and added to the BLAST program in order to simulate the

radiant panel system. The predicted energy requirements, energy cost projections,

and system costs were then evaluated using the NBS Federal Building Life-Cycle Cost

(FBLCC) program to determine the 20-year life-cycle cost of each system in each

location.

12.

KEY WORDS (Six to twelve entries; alphabetical order; capitalize only proper names; and separate key words by semicolons)

building design; building economics; energy analysis; HVAC systems; life-cycle cost

analysis; thermal analysis

13. AVAILABILITY

lx 1 Unlimited

| | For Official Distribution. Do Not Release to NTIS

I | Order From Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C,

20402.

[X 1 Order From National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Springfield, VA. 22161

14. NO. OF

PRINTED PAGES

58

15. Price

$13.95

USCOMM-OC 6043°R80
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