UNITED STATES EPARTMENT OF tOMMERCE

Publication

NBS TECHNICAL NOTE 738

Subroutine

for the Calculation of

CODEN Check Characters

U.S.

3ARTMENT

OF

OMMERCE

National

Bureau

of

~'andards
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SEP 1 1 1972

lo° Subroutine for the Calculation of

n CODEN Check Characters

a. 9-

David Garvin

Physical Chemistry Division

Institute for Materials Research

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, D.C. 20234

. ts"f of c„

N:-fv

V*u"of **

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Peter G. Peterson, Secretary

(/ v S . NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Lawrence M. Kushner, Acting Director,

i,vi£cW'^i yvofe lie). "7 3^

Issued September 1972
National Bureau of Standards Technical Note 738

Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Tech. Note 738, 12 pages (Sept. 1972) CODEN: NBTNAE

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 (Order by SD Catalog No. €13.46:738). Price 25 cents.
Subroutine for the

Calculation of CODEN Check Characters

David Garvin

A FORTRAN subroutine is described that computes the check character

for an ASTM CODEN for Journal Titles. This routine, written for input

in Hollerith characters, is adaptable to other coding schemes. A listing

of the routine is provided

.

Keywords: Check character; CODEN; computer program; journal

abbreviations

.

1. Introduction

CODEN for journal titles are abbreviations, such as JCPSA, that

provide a completely defined, short, frequently mnemonic identifier

for a serial publication. This system is maintained by the American

Society for Testing and Materials and is used both by information systems

and some scientific journals.

When other identifiers are added to the CODEN a compact specific

reference to an article can be obtained. E.g.

Schofield IJCKBO-1972-4-255

identifies an article by K. Schofield, Int. J. Chem. Kinetics, (1972)

vol. 4 pg. 255. In a similar manner the designation

IJCKBO 4(3) 255-336 (1972)

is used as a "bibliographic strip" to identify the page contents of

issue no. 3 of volume 4. This is useful in accession procedures in

libraries

.

The sixth character, "0" above, is a "check character" formed

from the first five by a unique algorithm. It is used to spot

transcription errors when the CODEN is keyboarded.
In this note a FORTRAN subroutine is provided that calculates

and verifies check characters for CODEN. The technical description

starts in section 2 and the program listing is in section 4. The

application of the routine is discussed below. The algorithm given

in the ASTM CODEN publication and used here is stated at the end of

this section.

Application There are three types of potential uses for this subroutine .

(1) It may be used to generate check characters for CODEN for use in an information system. At present these characters are not given

in the ASTM publication.

(2) It may be used to check the validity of CODEN keyboarded

in constructing an information system. This is the most likely use in

a small system.

(3) It may serve as a benchmark routine against which the performance of more efficient routines can be tested. This is the most

likely use in a large system.

The ASTM algorithm for check characters [1] is quoted below:

"CHECK CHARACTERS

"The following information is included about check characters

for those users of the CODEN system who may wish to use the character.

Its purpose is to provide a letter or digit which, when properly calculated, will eliminate errors in CODEN notation in the keyboarding

stage.

"The initial suggestion for the use of a machine -generated checkletter for controlling errors in CODEN came from A. D. Pratt at the

School of Library Science, University of Indiana, Bloomington. F. E.

Hajjar is responsible for reducing the idea to practice for Chemical

Abstracts Service. The check-character becomes a sixth letter or digit whose value depends upon value and order of the five elements

of the CODEN. Any error in a single letter or an inversion of letters,

plus most other types of errors, will produce a check character that

is inconsistent with the correct one and expose the error. Following

is a brief description of the system as used at Chemical Abstracts

Service.
"1. CODEN may be entered as a 5- or 6-character field.

(a) If the CODEN is entered as a 5-character field, then a check-character is generated and added as a sixth character.

(b) If the CODEN is entered as a 6-character field, then a check-character is generated from the first five and matched with the

sixth. If the check-characters match, the CODEN is verified as being

valid. If the check-characters do not match, then the generated

character replaces the original check-character and a switch is turned on to be interrogated by the operating program.

"2. The check-character is generated as follows:

(a) Each alpha-numeric character of the CODEN is replaced with

an equivalent value. The equivalents are:

CODEN: A, B, Y, Z, 1, 2, 9,0

Equivalent: 1, 2, 25, 26, 27, 28, 35, 36

(b) The equation used to generate the check-character is

:

(llxNp + (7xN

2

) + (5xN

3

) + (3xN.) + (lxN ) = X + remainder

34

34

Where N, , N~, etc. are the equivalents of the CODEN characters in order

of their appearance in the CODEN and X is a whole number that is discarded .

(c) The remainder is converted to a check-character by the

following set of equivalents:

remainder: 1, 2, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 33, 34

[34 = 0]

Check-character: A, B, . . . . Y, Z, 2, 3, 4,.... 8, 9

[or zero, [sic])

The numeric check-characters one (1) and zero (0) have been eliminated

to avoid confusion with the alphabetic characters I and 0.
(d) Sample calculation of a check character for the CODEN

JACS-A:

N

1 = J = 10

N

2 = A = 1 N, = C = 3

N

4

= s = 19

N

5 = A = 1

Substituting these equivalents for the characters in the CODEN into

the equation yields an "X" of 5 and a remainder of 20. The checkcharacter equivalent of 20 is T. Thus the complete CODEN with checkcharacter is JACS-AT."

The rule as applied in this program calculates X then uses the formula

(X-l) Mod 34 + 1 = C

where C is the check character. This rule is implied in paragraph

2 c in the quotation, where a remainder of zero must be assigned to

the check character nine (9)

.

2. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM

Name: Subroutine CODCHK (LINE, MINE, IS, IL, IERR)

Language : Fortran IV with "implied do loop" DATA statements

Purpose: Calculation of (or verification of) the check

character of a CODEN for Periodical Titles. Uses the algorithm stated

in ASTM DS 23B, vol. 1 pg . ix. . [1].

Formal Arguments: LINE : Integer array

MINE: Integer array, 6 words minimum

IS, IL, IERR: Integers

Input Required: The CODEN is to be processed is suppled to the

routine in the array LINE, one character per word. It is located in

the zone LINE (IS) to LINE (IL) where IS and IL are the left and right

limits, IS<IL. It is the only item in this zone. In this version the

characters are assumed to be Hollerith, in Al (left adjusted) format.

The first six non-blank characters are processed. Embedded

blanks and minus signs are ignored. The sixth character may be missing.

Examples of acceptable CODEN are

JACSA, JACS-A, JACS A, JACSAT,

J A C S A T
Signals returned: Input errors are signalled by a non-zero value

of IERR returned by the routine

IERR = Successful calculation

= 1 Check character provided at input did not match

the calculated one

= 2 There were more than six characters in the input

(first six used)

= 4 There were fewer than five legal characters in the

input (no calculation made)

= 8 Illegal character in the input (ignored)

These signals are additive.

Text returned: The routine returns a six character CODEN in MINE, one character per word, Al format. The sixth character is the check

character (except when IERR=4, in which case MINE (6) is left blank)

3 . REMARKS

Subroutine operation: The input characters are converted to

integers using a table search of a dictionary, INDICT. The word

INDICT (K) contains the character that corresponds to the integer K

in the algorithm. A similar dictionary, J0DICT, is used to convert

the integer value of the check character to the character itself.

Both dictionaries in this version contain left adjusted Hollerith

characters. Other character codes may be substituted. The two constants

used in the program, blank and minus, are defined in data.

This table search procedure is much slower than a table look-up

based on right adjusted integers. Any production program should use

the latter technique. The search procedure is used here because ANSI

FORTRAN does not provide for shifting Hollerith characters, this being

the language feature needed if the procedure is to be changed.

Relation to other routines: This subroutine must be called into action

by another program. The essential function of the calling program is to

isolate the CODEN, that is, to set pointers (IS and IL) showing where in

the array LINE the CODEN (and only it) is located. The calling program

must also dispose of the result returned: print error messages, replace

the old with the new, etc. The nature of this calling routine cannot

be specified here since it must be constructed to match the file of

material that is to be examined. (However, a sample is included in

the program listing)
4. PROGRAM LISTING:

Listings of two routines are attached. These are Subroutine

CODCHK, which does the work, and Main program CODEN, which is an example

showing how CODCHK can be used with simple card input. An example of

the output follows the listings.

[1] Blumenthal, J. G., Karaman, M. and Peters, A. "CODEN for Periodical

Titles" ASTM Data Series DS 23B (American Society for Testing and

Materials, Philadelphia, 1970), Volume 1 pgs ix-x.
SUBROUTINE CODCHK ( L I NE , MI NE, IS, IL DIMENSION LINE( 1) ,MINE( 1 ) SIZES OF LINE AND MINE ARE SET IN CAL

MINIMUM IS 6 WORDS EACH

DIMENSION INDICT(36) ,JODICT(34) » ROUTINE COMPUTES A CHECK CHARACTER FO

THESE FORMS

JACSA JACS-A JACS A JACSA

(EMBEDDED BLANKS AND DASH IGNOR

ROUTINE RECEIVES SIX CHAR (Al FORMAT

SIX CHAR (Al FORMAT) IN MINE. THE S CHECK CHARACTER CALC PER PG IX-X

THE ARRAY LINE IS NOT CHANGED.

IF THE INCOMING CODEN HAD A CHECK CH

THE CALC MADE HERE.

THE FORMAL ARGUMENT -IERR- IS RETU

AND MEANINGS

, IERR)

LING PROGRAM

LIN2(6)

R A CODEN WRITTEN IN ONE OF

TED)

) IN -LINE- AND RETURNS

IXTH CHAR IN MINE IS THE

OF ASTM DATA SER. DS 23 B AR..THAT IS COMPARED WITH

RNED WITH THESE VALUES

OK

CHECK CHAR DID NOT MATCH

CODEN HAD MORE THAN 6 CH

CODEN HAD LESS THAN 4 ILLEGAL CHARACTER IN COD

IERR=0

IERR=1

IERR = 2 IERR = 4 IERR = 8 CONSTANTS

DATA IBLNK.IMIN/ 1H ,1H-/

DICTIONARIES

INPUT ABCDEFGHI JKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1

OUTPUT ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ2

INPUT CHAR DICTIONARY

DATA < INDICT! I ), 1=1,36)/

1 1HA»1HB,1HC,1HD,1HE»1HF,1HG,1HH,1

2 1HQ.1HR,1HS»1HT,1HU,1HV,1HW,1HX,1

3 1H1,1H2,1H3,1H4,1H5,1H6,1H7,1H8,1

OUTPUT DICTIONARY FOR CHECK CHARACTER

DATA( JODICT( I ) , 1=1 ,34) /

1 1HA,1HB,1HC,1HD,1HE,1HF,1HG,1HH,1

2 1HQ,1HR»1HS,1HT,1HU.1HV,1HW,1HX,1

3 1H2,1H3,1H4,1H5,1H6,1H7,1H8,1H9 / DO 10 1=1,6

MINE( I ) = 1H

LIN2( I )=0

IERR=0

MODE=0

K = IF (IL-IS-4) 140,20,20

SEARCH INDICT FOR THE CHARACTERS

DO 80 I=IS,I

L

IF f LINE( I J-IBLNK) 30,80,30

IF ( LINE( I )-IMIN) 40,80,40

DO 50 J=l,36

IF ( LINE( I )-INDICT( J) ) 50,60,50

CONTINUE

ILLEGAL CHARACTER

IF (IERR.LT.8) IERR=IERR +8

GO TO 80

C CONVERT VALUE TO AN INTEGER

60 K=K+1

IF (K.LE.6) GO TO 70

C MORE THAN 6 CHAR IN FIELD

IF (MOD( IERR, 4) .LE.l) IERR= GO TO 90

70 LIN2(K)=J

ARACTERS (FIRST 6 USED)

CHARACTERS (NO CALC. MADE)

EN

234567890

3456789

(36)

(34)

HI ,1HJ,1HK,1HL,1HM,1HN,1H0,1HP,

HY,1HZ,

H9,1H0/

HI,1HJ,1HK,1HL,1HM,1HN,1H0,1HP,

HY,1HZ,

10

C20

30

40

50

c

IGNORE BLANKS AND MINUS

IERR+2

CDK 1 CDK 2 CDK 2A

CDK 2B

CDK 3 CDK 4 CDK 5 CDK 6 CDK 7 CDK 8 CDK 9 CDK 10

CDK 11 CDK 12 CDK 13

CDK 14

CDK 15 CDK 16

CDK 17 CDK 18 CDK 19 CDK 20

CDK 21

CDK 22

CDK 23

CDK 24

CDK 25

CDK 26

CDK 27

CDK 28

CDK 29

CDK 30

CDK 31

CDK 32

CDK 33

CDK 34

CDK 35

CDK 36

CDK 37

CDK 38

CDK 39

CDK 40

CDK 41 CDK 42

CDK 43

CDK 44

CDK 45

CDK 46

CDK 47

CDK 48

CDK 49

CDK 50

CDK 51

CDK 52

CDK 53

CDK 54

CDK 55 CDK 56

CDK 57

CDK 58

CDK 59
MINE(K)=LINE ( I

)

80 CONTINUE

IF (K-5) 140,100,90

90 M0DE=1

100 MSUM=11*LIN2 ( 1)

MSUM=MSUM+7*LIN2( 2 ) MSUM=MSUM+5*LIN2(3 ) MSUM=MSUM+3*LIN2(4)

MSUM=MSUM+LIN2<5)

C COMPUTE NUMERICAL EQUIVALENT OF CHECK CHARACTER

ICK=MOD(MSUM-l»34)+l

ICHECK=JODICT( ICK)

IF (MODE-1) 130»110*130

C COMPARE WITH EXISTING CHECK CHARACTER

110

C120

130

C140

150

JCK=LIN2 (6)

JCHECK=INDICT( JCK)

IF ( ICHECK-JCHECK) 120,130*120

INCONSISTENT CHECK CHARACTER

IF (MODI IERR.2) .LT.l) IERR=IERR+1

MINE(6)=ICHECK

60 TO 150

FEWER THAN 5 CHARACTERS

IF (MOD( IERR,8) .LT.4) IERR=IERR+4

RETURN

END

CDK 60

CDK 61

CDK 62

CDK 63

CDK 64

CDK 65

CDK 66

CDK 67

CDK 68

CDK 69

CDK 70

CDK 71

CDK 72

CDK 73

CDK 74

CDK 75

CDK 76

CDK 77

CDK 78

CDK 79

CDK 80

CDK 81

CDK 82

CDK 83

CDK 84

10

c20

30

40

50

C60

70

SAMPLE MAIN PROGRAM FOR CODEN INPUT FROM CARDS

DIMENSION LINE(80) .MINE180)

CARD READER AND PRINTER UNITS

KR = 5 KP = 6 ZONE ON THE INPUT WHERE CODEN IS LOCATED

11 = 1 12=10

PRINT 10

FORMAT (»1 OUTPUT INPUT FOR CODEN CHECK PROGRAM')

READ THE INPUT. THIS IS UNIVAC FORTRAN V READ <KR,40,END=70) ( L I NE ( I ) ,

I = 1 , 80

)

CALL CODC'HK ( L I NE , M I NE , I 1 I 2 . I ERR ) IF ( IERR.EQ.O) GO TO 30

WRITE (KP',.50) IERR

WRITE (KP.60) (MINE( I )» 1 = 1.6) . (LINEt I ), 1 = 11,12)

GO TO 20

FORMAT (80A1)

FORMAT (• ***** ERROR TYPE" 13, ' ON NEXT CARD')

FORMAT FOR ARRAY LINE SHOULD ALLOW FOR 1 2-1 1+1 CHARACTERS

FORMAT (1H 6A1,6X,30A1)

STOP

END

CDN

CDN

CDN

CDN

CDN

CDN

CDN

CDN

CDN

CDN

CDN

CDN

CDN

CDN

CDN

CDN

CDN

CDN

CDN

CDN

CDN

CDN

CDN

12

34

56

7

8

9 10

111213

14

1516

17

18

19

20

21

22

23-
TEST OF SUBROUTINE CODCHK (TYPED COPY OF OUTPUT)

OUTPUT INPUT FOR CODEN CHECK PROGRAM

***** ERROR TYPE 4 ON NEXT CARD

ABCD ABCD

***** ERROR TYPE 3 ON NEXT CARD

ABCDEW ABCDEFG

ANYAA9 ANYAA

APOPAI APOPA

7v «" 7v 77 7v ERROR TYPE 1 ON NEXT CARD

CHREAY CHREAB

***** ERROR TYPE 8 ON NEXT CARD

GCAXZ6 *GCAXZ

« w Sv w « ERROR TYPE 8 ON NEXT CARD

GCAXZ6 GC*AXZ

***** ERROR TYPE 12 ON NEXT CARD

GCAZ GC*A*Z

IJCKBO IJCKB

JACSAT JACSA

JACSAT JACS-A

JACSAT J A C SAT

***** ERROR TYPE 1 ON NEXT CARD

JASCAR JASCAT

JATPA3 JATPA

JGREA2 JGREA

NBCIAG NBC I

A

NBCIAG NBCIA-G
FORM NBS-114A (1-71) U.S. DEPT. OF COMM. BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA

SHEET

1. PUBLICATION OR REPORT NO. NBS TN-7382. Gov't Accession No.3. Recipient's Accession No.

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Subroutine for the Calculation of CODEN Check Characters

5. Publication Date September 1972

6. Performing Organization Code

7. AUTHOR(S) 8. Performing Organization

David Garvin

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. Project/Task/ Work Unit No. NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20234

11. Contract/Grant No.

12. Sponsoring Organization Name and Address

Same as No. 9

13. Type of Report & Period Covered

Final

14. Sponsoring Agency Code

15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

16. ABSTRACT (A 200-word or less factual summary of most significant information. If document includes a significant

bibliography or literature survey, mention it here.)

A FORTRAN subroutine is described that computes the check character for an ASTM CODEN for Journal Titles. This routine, written for input in Hollerith

characters, is adaptable to other coding schemes. A listing of the routine is

provided.

17. KEY WORDS (Alphabetical order, separated by semicolons)

Check characters; CODEN; computer program; journal abbreviations

18. AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

[x] UNLIMITED.

I I FOR OFFICIAL DISTRIBUTION. DO NOT RELEASE

TO NTIS.

19. SECURITY CLASS

(THIS REPORT)

UNCLASSIFIED

20. SECURITY CLASS

(THIS PAGE)

UNCLASSIFIED

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12

22. Price

25 cents

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