T hi s di s pos i t i on i s notappr opr i a t e f orpubl i c a t i on and i s notpr e c e de nt * e xc e pta s pr ovi de d by9th C i r . R . 36- 3. NOT F OR P UB L I CAT I ON UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS F O R T H E N IN T H C IR C U IT C R A IG R . G R IS W O L D and R O B IN GR I S WOL D, P l ai n t i ffs - A p p el l an t s, v. C IT Y O F C A R L S B A D , C al i forni a, D ef

endant- A pp el l ee . N o. 07- 56592 D. C . No . C V- 0 6 - 0 1 6 2 9 - WQH ME MOR AN DU M *

A pp ea l fr om the U ni t ed S t at es D i stri ctC ou rt f o rth e S o u th e rn D is tr ic t o f C a lif o rn ia W i l l i a m Q . H a y e s , D i s tr i c tJ udge , P r e s i di ng

A r gue d M a y7, 2009 R e s ubm i tt e d S e pt e m be r16, 2010 P a s a d e n a , C a lif

o rn ia B efo re: R Y M E R , K L E IN F E L D an d S IL V E R M A N , C i rcu i tJu d g es. W e r e vi e w thi s c a s e de novo a nd m a ya f f i rm on a nygr ound s upport e d bythe r e c o r d . S e rr a n o v . F r a n c is , 3 4 5 F .3 d 1 0 7 1 , 1 0 7 6

– 7 7 , 1 0 8 2 ( 9 th C ir . 2 0 0 3 ) . 

# FI LED NO V 02 2010 M OLLY C. DW Y ER, CLERK U . S. C O U R T OF APPE ALS- 2-

T he G r i s w ol ds ’ r i ghtt o vot e on m uni c i pa l a s s e s s m e nt s w a s e s t abl i s he d by s t a t e l a w , notf

e de r a l l a w , s o the c a s e s r e ga r di ng w a i ve rof f e de r a l c ons t i tut i ona l or st atut ory r i gh t s do n otcontrol . T o the ext entthatthei r c l ai m s are m att er s of f eder al const i tut i on al l aw , w e m ustappl y aca se -by- ca se anal ys i s r ather than a cat egori ca l approach. S ee L ynch v. C i ty of A l ham bra, 88 0 F . 2d 11 22 , 11 27 –2 8 (9th C i r. 1989) . U nde rthe f

a c t or s e s t abl i s he d i n L y nc h, the G r i s w ol ds ’ w a i ve rm us tbe tr e a te d a s v o lu n ta ry , a n d th e w a iv e ris n o t r e n d e r e d u n e n f o r c e ab le a s c o n tr a ryto the pu bl i c i nt er es t . S ee i d. at11 26 –2 8. A ci ty m aycond i t i on the re ce i ptof a b u i l d i n g p erm i tu p o n th e accep t an ce o f cert ai n co n d i t i o n s, so l o n g as th o se c o n d itio n s a r e r e a s o n ab lyr e la te d to th e b u r d e n th e p r o p o s e d b u ild in g p r o je c t w ill cr ea t e. S ee S chottv. C i ty of K i ng m an, 46 1 F . 2d 59 3, 59 3– 94 (9th C i r. 19 72 ).

U nde rC ountyof

I m pe r i a l v. M c D ouga l , 564 P . 2d 14 ( C a l . 1977) a nd P f e i f f e rv. C i tyof

L aM e s a , 69 C a l . A pp. 3d 74 ( C a l . C t . A pp. 1977) , na rr ow e d on othe rgr ounds a nd c odi f i e d byC a l . G ov’ tC ode § 66020, the G r i s w ol ds ’ a gr e e m e nt t o the deferra l of the as se ss m ent s and thei r c on struct i on of the i m prov em ent s und er the i rpe rm i te f

f e c t e d ava l i d w a i ve rof

the i rr i ghtt o c ha l l e nge the c ondi t i ons of th e irp e rm it. S e e a ls o H e n s le rv . C ityo f G le n d a le , 8 7 6 P .2 d 1 0 4 3 , 1 0 5 5 n .9 ( C a l. 1994) ( “ T he L e gi s l a tur e ha s now c odi f i e d [ P f e i f f e r ’ s ] rul e tha tone w ho a c c e pt s the- 3-

be ne f i t s of ape rm i tm a ynotl a t e rc ha l l e nge c ondi t i ons i m pos e d on ori n the perm i t . ”) . P fe i ff erho l ds thata l ando w ner c anno t“ com pl y w i th a cond i t i on ‘ un der p r o te s t,’ c o n s tru c t th e r e q u ir e d im p r o v e m e n t, a n d th e n m a in ta in a n a c tio n ,” b e c au s e “th e p r o p e rm e th o d to te s t th e v a lid ityo f c o n d itio n s in ab u ild in g p e rm it is apr oc e e di ng i n m a nda m us . . . . ” P f e i f f e r , 69 C a l . A pp. 3d a t76. T hough the G ri sw ol ds se ek a r em edy f or som ethi ng other than i nv er se cond em nat i on as w as th e c a s e in P f

e if f e r , th is is ad is tin c tio n w ith o u t ad if f e r e n c e f o rth e p u rp o s e s o f

th is c a s e . E c o n o m ic d is a d v a n ta g e s in litig a tin g th e c la im e d in v a lid ityo f p e rm it c o n d itio n s b e f

o r e p r o c e e d in g w ith c o n s tru c tio n d o n o t, u n d e rP f e if f e r , a m o u n t to c om pul s i on r e nde r i ng the w a i ve ri nva l i d. S e e i d. a t78.

AF F I RME D.