tooa^r of Standards

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
The program of research on building materials and structm-es imdertaken by the

National Bureau of Standards is planned with the assistance of the following advisory

committee designated by the Subcommittee on Design and Construction of the Central

Housing Committee.

TECHNICAL RESEARCH GROUP

Walter Junge, Federal Housing Administration, Chairman

A. C. Shire, United States Housing Authority, Vice Chairman.

A. G. Bear, Charles E. Mayette,

Veterans' Administration. United States Housing Authority.

Pierre Blouke, Vincent B. Phelan,

Home Owners' Loan Corporation. National Bureau of Standards.

C. W. Chamberlain, A. Poynton,

Procurement Division. office of Indian Affairs. Jos. M. DallaValle, _ tt o

t> -O- ^4.^ a JOHN H. SCHAEFER,

Public Healtn Service. , t^- • • TT T T-v procurement Division. Hugh L. Dryden,

National Bureau of Standards. George W. Trayer,

G. E. Knox, United States Forest Service.

Bureau of Yards and Docks, Elsmere J. Walters,

Navy Department. Quartermaster Corps, War Department.

Sterling R. March, Secretary.

The program is administered and coordinated by the following staff committee of the Bureau:

Hugh L. Dryden, Chairman

P. H. Bates W. E. Emley A. S. McAllister

H. C. Dickinson G. E. F. Lundell H. S. Rawdon

The Forest Products Laboratory of the United States Department of Agriculture

is cooperating with the National Bureau of Standards in studies of wood constructions.

How To Purchase

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Office, Washington, D. C.
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE • Harry L. Hopkins, Secretary

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS • Lyman J. Briggs, Director

BUILDING MATERIALS

and STRUCTURES

REPORT BMS12

Structural Properties of "Steelox"

Constructions for Walls, Partitions,

Floors, and Roofs Sponsored by

Steel Buildings, Inc.

hy HERBERT L. WHITTEMORE, AMBROSE H. STANG,

a7ld VINCENT B. PHELAN

ISSUED FEBRUARY 1, 1939

The National Bureau ot Standards is a fact-finding organization;

it does not "approve" any particular material or method of construction. The technical findings in this series of reports are to be construed accordingly.

UNITED

FOR SALE

STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE • WASHINGTON

BY THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUIvIENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C. • PRICE

1939

CENTS
Foreword

This report is one of a series issued by the National Bureau of Standards on the structural

properties of constructions intended for low-cost houses and apartments. Practically

all of these constructions were sponsored by groups within the building industry which

advocate and promote the use of such constructions and which have built and submitted

representative specimens as outlined in report BMS2, Methods of Determining the

Structural Properties of Low-Cost House Constructions. The sponsor is responsible

for the representative character of the specimens and for the detailed description given

in each report. The Bureau is responsible for the accuracy of the test data.

This report covers only the load-deformation relations and strength of the structural

elements submitted when subjected to compressive, transverse, concentrated, impact,

and racldng loads by standardized methods simulating the loads to which the elements

would be subjected in actual service. It may be feasible to determine later the heat

transmission at ordinary temperatures and the fire resistance of these same constructions

and perhaps other properties.

The National Bureau of Standards does not "approve" a construction, nor does it express an opmion as to the merits of a construction for reasons given in reports BMSl

and BMS2. The technical facts on these and other constructions provide the basic

data from wliich architects and engineers can determine whether a construction meets

desired performance requirements.

Lyman J. Briggs, Director.
Structural Properties of "Steelox" Constructions for Walls,

Partitions, Floors, and Roofs Sponsored by

Steel Buildings, Inc.

by HERBERT L. WHITT E MOR E , AMBROSE H. STANG, and VINCENT B. PHELAN

CONTENTS

Page

Foreword ii

I. Introduction -.\ 1 n. Sponsor and product 2

III. Specimens and tests 2 IV. Wall^L 3

1. Sponsor's statement 3

(a) Materials 3

(b) Description ; 4

(1) Four-foot wall speci- mens 4

(2) Eight-foot wall

specimens 6

(c) Comments 6

2. Compressive load 7

3. Transverse load 7

4. Concentrated load 7

5. Impact load 9

6. Racking load 10

V. Partition AM 10

1. Sponsor's statement 10

(a) Materials 10

(b) Description 10

Page

V. Partition AM—Continued.

2. Impact load 11

3. Concentrated load 11 VI. Floor ^iV 12

1. Sponsor's statement 12

(a) Materials 12

(b) Description 12

(c) Comments 13

2. Transverse load 13

3. Concentrated load 13

4. Impact load 14

VII. Roof^O 14

1. Sponsor's statement 14

(a) Materials 14

(b) Description 15

(c) Comments 16

2. Transverse load 16

3. Concentrated load 17

VIII. Additional comments by sponsor 17 IX. Selected references 17

ABSTRACT

For the program on the determination of the structural properties of low-cost house constructions, Steel Buildings, Inc. submitted 30 specimens representing

their "Steelox" constructions for walls, partitions,

floors, and roofs. The wall specimens were subjected to compressive,

transverse, concentrated, impact, and racking loads; the partition specimens to impact and concentrated

loads; the floor specimens to transverse, concentrated,

and impact loads; and the roof specimens to transverse and concentrated loads. The transverse, concentrated,

and impact loads were applied to both faces of wall specimens. For each of these loads three like speci- mens were tested. The deformation under load and

the set after the load was removed were measured for uniform increments of load up to the maximum load,

except for concentrated loads, for which the set only was determined. The results are presented graphically

and in tables.

I. INTRODUCTION

In order to provide technical facts on tlie per- formance of constructions which might be used

in low-cost houses, to discover promising constructions, and ultimately to determine the

properties necessary for acceptable performance,

the National Bureau of Standards has invited

the building industry to cooperate in a program

of research on building materials and structures

for use in low-cost houses and apartments.

The objectives of this program are described in

report BMSl, Research on Building Materials

and Structures for Use in Low-Cost Housing,

and that part of the program relating to structural properties in report BMS2, Methods of

' Price 10 cents. See cover page n.

[1]
Determining the Structural Properties of LowCost House Constructions.^

As a part of tiie research on structural properties, six masonry wall constructions have been

subjected to a series of standardized laboratory

tests to provide data on the properties of some

constructions for which the behavior in service

is generally loiown. These data are given in

report BMS5, Structural Properties of SLx Masonry Wall Constructions.^ Similar tests have been made on wood-frame constructions

by the Forest Products Laboratory of the

United States Department of Agriculture, the

results of which will be given in a subsequent

report in this series. This report describes the structural properties

of constructions sponsored by one of the manufacturers in the building industry. The speci- mens were subjected to compressive, transverse,

concentrated, impact, and racking loads, simulating loads to which the elements of a house are subjected. In actual service, compressive loads on a wall are produced by the weight of the roof,

second floor and second-story walls if any,

furniture, and snow and wmd loads on the roof. Transverse loads on a wall are produced by the

wind, concentrated and impact loads by furni- ture or accidental contact with heavy objects,

and racldng loads by the action of the wind on

adjoining walls. For nonload-bearing partitions, impact loads may be applied accidentally

by furniture or by a person falling against the

partition, and concentrated loads by furniture or by a ladder or other object leaning against the

partition. Transverse loads are applied to

floors by furniture and by the occupants;

concentrated loads by furniture, for example,

the legs of a piano; and impact loads by objects

falling on the floor or by persons jumping on the

floor. Transverse loads are applied to roofs by

wind and snow ; concentrated loads, by persons

walking on the roof, and by tools and equipment when the roof is constructed or repaired.

The deflection and set under each increment

of load were determined except for concentrated loads. For some of the newer constructions the deflection and set are important when

judging whether the construction will be satis- factory in a house under service conditions.

2 Price 10 cents.

" Price 15 cents.

II. SPONSOK AND PRODUCT

The specimens were submitted by Steel

Bufldings, Inc., Middletown, Ohio, and repre- sented constructions sold under the trade name

"Steelox." The load-bearing wall, floor, and

roof constructions consisted essentially of interlocldng, channel-shaped, sheet-steel panels.

The nonload-bearing partition was of conventional wood-frame construction.

III. SPECIMENS AND TESTS

The specimens represented four elements of a house which were assigned the foUowing symbols: Wall, AL; partition, AM; floor, AN; and

roof, AO. The specimens were assigned designations in accordance with table 1.

Table 1.Specimen designations

Element

WallDo--.

Do.... Do. .. Do....

Do....

Do....

Do....

Partition. Do.... Floor

Do....

Do..-. RoofDo.-.

Construction symbol

AL

AL

AL

AL

AL

AL

AL

ALAMAM

AN

AN

AN

AO

AO

Specimen

designation

Ct, CS, C3-

Tl, T2, TS.

TJt, T5, T6.

P1,P2,P3'^. Pi,P5,P6'^.

11,12,13....

14,16,16.... B1,R2,R3.

11,12,13.... P1,P2,PS'^.

Tl, T2, T3. P1,P2,PS^.

11,12,13....

Tl, T2, T3. P1,P2,P3^.

Load

Compressive-. Transverse do

Concentrated

do Impact

do Racking Impact

Concentrated. Transverse Concentrated

Impact

Transverse Concentrated

Load applied

Upper end.

Inside face. Outside face. Inside face. Outside face. Inside face. Outside face. Upper end. Either face. Do. Upper face. Do. Do.

Do.

Do.

» These specimens were undamaged portions of the specimens used in the transverse or impact tests.

The specimens were tested in accordance with

BMS2, Methods of Determining the Structural

Properties of Low-Cost House Constructions,*

which also gives the requirements for the speci- mens and for determining the price. For the

transverse specimens the deflection was measured with two taut-wire mirror-scale deflectometers, one on each edge, instead of with the

deflection-measuring frame and dial micrometers. The tests were begun January 3, 1938, and

completed January 12, 1938. The sponsor's

representative witnessed the tests.

< Price 10 cents.

[2]
IV. WALL AL

1. Sponsor's Statement

(a) Materials

Steel.—Hot-rolled sheets, hot-clip galvanized

and prepared for paint by the "Paint Grip"

process. The chemical composition of the

steel is given in table 2 and the average mechanical properties in table 3. American Rolling

Mill Co.'s "Armco."

Table 2.Chemical composition of the steel

Element

Content

Minimum Maximum

Carbon __ Percent

0. 05

.25

Percent

0. 10 .35

.05 .05

Manganese.. . Phosphoru.s . Sulfur ..... .. . ... ..

Table 3.

Average mechanical properties of the steel

3 I- a <i)T3 ti a O

m.

0. 0368

.049

. 1072

Direction

fin direction of rolling \Across direction of rolling fin direction of rolling lAcross direction of rolling fin direction of rolling lAcross direction of rolling

Iblin.i

26, 000

29, 500

27, 000

30, 000

33, 000

34, 000

40, 000

44, 000

41, 000

45, 000

46, 000

47, 000

Percent32

29

32

29

39

39

The sheets were galvanized with Prime Western zinc complying with ASTM Standard B6-37

and having a maximum of 1.60 percent of lead

and 0.08 percent of iron. The weight of the

zinc coating was 1.25 to 1.50 oz/ft^ for the 18-

and 20-gage sheets and 1.75 to 2.00 oz/ft^ for the 12-gage sheets. The galvanized sheets were prepared for paint by the "Paint Grip" process according to the following specification:

"All galvanized sheets and members shall be

phosphated by immersion in a solution containing free phosphoric acid, an oxidizing agent

(nitrate), and iron and zinc phosphate. After

this treatment the articles shall be thoroughly

rinsed in clear water."

Hook bolts.—Special, %-in. diam, 16 threads

per in., VA in. long, with ^Ke-in. hook, made from

SAE 1035 cold-drawn steel, not heat-treated;

with standard wrought-steel washers, and

hexagonal steel nuts, cold-punched and

trimmed, single chamfer and countersink.

Bolts, nuts, and washers were plated with

cadmium not less than 0.0002 in. thick. Lamson & Sessions Co.

^Screws.—Self-tapping, % in., No. 10 (0.190-

in. diam), 13 threads per in., round head,

hardened and plated with cadmium about

0.00035 in. thick. Parker-Kalon Corporation's

"Type A."

Asphalt emulsion.—Brushing consistency.

The formula is given in table 4. Armstrong

Paint and Varnish Works' "XA-1696."

Table 4.Formula for asphalt emulsion "XA-1696"

Ingredient

Content, water-free

basis

Minimum Maximum

Bentonite clay Percent493

1.5

Percent

4.5 Asphalt.. _ Asbestos fiber. . . .... 2 Rust inhibitor ..... .... 1

Asphalt.—Softening point 180° F. LoganLong Co.

Felt.—Rag base, saturated with asphalt;

weight, 65 lb/108 ft^ (Asphalt roofing). Philip

Carey Co.

Adhesive.—The formula is given in table 5. Armstrong Paint and Varnish Works' "No.

106-V."

Table 5.Formula for adhesive "No. 106-V"

Insjredient

Parolite Oilsonite Flux asphalt Kerosene

Content

Percent

38

12.9

10. 2 38.9

100.0

Wood.—Pine, shortleaf, yellow, No. 1 common, finished four sides. Screw nails. —Heavy-duty, 1 in. long, No. 6, 8 threads per in., quadruple thread, flat head,

needle point, made from SAE 1315 (high side)

steel, water-quenched from 1,750° F, and plated

with cadmium about 0.0001 in. thick. Hillwood Manufacturing Co.'s "Helyx Drive

Screw Nails."

[3]
^Insulating hoard.—Wood-fiber. Insulite Co. 's 'Graylite Building Board."

Finishing nails.—6d, 2 in. long.

Paint.

Casein, priming. United States Gypsum

Co.'s"K-Cemo."

Casein, finish. United States Gypsum

Co.'s"Texolite."

Oil, priming, blue lead. Armstrong Paint

and Varnish Works' "No. 1506."

Oil, undercoating, white. Armstrong

Paint and Varnish Works' "XA 2140."

Oil, finish, white. Armstrong Paint and

Varnish Works' "No. 1555."

The formulas for the oil paints are given in

tables 6, 7, and 8.

Table 6.Formula for hlue-lead paint "No. 1506"

I'aii;t Pigment

Ingredient Content, by

weight

Ingredient Content, by

Weight

Pigment . Percent67. 24

42. 76 Sublimed blue lead . _ Percent

69. 88 Vehicle,. . Zinc oxide. _ 30. 12

100. 00 100. 00

Vehicle

Ingredient

Boiled linseed oil. Mineral spirits...

Table 7.Formula for wJiitr undercoating paint " XA 2140"

Paint

Ingredient

Pigment. VehicleContent, by

weight

Percent

64. 94

35. 06

lOO. 00

Pigment

Ingredient Content, by

weight

Lead carbonate . Percent25. 02

29. 54

45. 44 Titanium dioxide.. . Silica and silicates

100. 00

Vehicle

Ingredient

Raw linseed oil Spar varnish... Cobalt drier Mineral spirits.

Table 8.Formula for white finish paint "No. 1555"

Pigment

Ingredient Content, by

weight

Ingredient Content, by

weight

Ingredient Content, by

weight

Pigment

Percent

04. 70

35. .30 Lead carbonate

Percent

59. 35

15. 92 4.64

4. 64

15. 45

Refined linseed oil Percent

96. 32 3.40

0. 12 .08

.08

Vehicle .. Zinc oxide. Heat-treated linseed oil . . Titanium dioxide Barium sulfate . Zinc drier. _ Lead drier

Silica and silicates Manganese drier. .

100. 00 100. 00 100. 00

Vehicle

(b) Description

(1) Four-Foot Wall Specimens.—The 4-ft wall

specimens were 8 ft 0 in. high, 4 ft 0 in. wide, and

AYi in. thick. Each specimen consisted of three

interlocked sheet-steel "Steelox" panels. A, as shown in figures 1 and 2, fastened to a sheetsteel sill, B, at the lower end, and to a sheetsteel wall plate, C, and a sheet-steel angle, D, at

the upper end, by hook bolts. One flange of the

wall plate was also fastened to the panels by

screws. The panels formed the outside face and

studs. The sides of the flanges of the panels

which were in contact after assembly were

covered with oil priming paint applied with a brush before assembly. The inside of the

assembled panels, sill, and plate was covered

with one coat of asphalt emulsion applied with a

[4]
brush, and. the lower end was sealed with asphalt,

% in. thick. The bottom of the sill was covered

with a strip of felt fastened by adhesive. Horizontal wood furring strips, E, were fastened to the studs by screw nails and an insulating-board

inside face, F, was fastened to the furring strips

by finishing nails. The inside face was covered

with one coat of casein priming paint and one

coat of casein finish paint. The outside face was

covered with two coats of oil undercoating paint

and one coat of oil finish paint.

The price of this construction was $0.52/ft^.

Panels.—The panels, A, were channels, 1 ft 4 in. by 3 in., 7 ft 11^^ in. long, formed from

stretcher-leveled and resquared sheet steel. No.

20 United States Standard Gage (0.0368 in. thick before galvanizing). The edges of the

Figure 1.

Four-foot

wall specimen AL.

A, panel; B, sill; C, wall plate; D, angle; E. furring strip; F, inside face.

flanges of each panel were formed to interlock

with the flanges of adjacent panels. The flanges

when interlocked formed studs of two thick- nesses of steel, integral with the outside face.

Sill.—The sill, B, was an angle, 3% by 2)^ in., 4

ft 1 in. long, formed from sheet steel. No. 12

United States Standard Gage (0.1072 in. thick

before galvanizing). The horizontal 3){-in. leg

had holes for K-in. anchor bolts, spaced 1 ft 4 in. on centers. The vertical leg had slots, 2% by %

in., spaced 5 in. on centers, in two rows, spaced

% in. The slots were staggered and overlapped

% in. The panels were fastened to the sill by

hook bolts which passed through the slots and

engaged the studs.

Wall plate.—The wall plate, C, was a channel,

% by 3^4 by 1}^ in., 4 ft 1 in. long, formed from

sheet steel. No. 18 United States Standard

Gage (0.049 in. thick before galvanizing). The

plate enclosed the upper ends of the panels with

a snug fit and the 1 %-in. flange was fastened to the panels by screws, one in each panel at midwidth. The primary purpose of the plate is to align the panels during the erection of the

building.

Angle.—The angle, D, was the same in section

as the sill, B. In a house the member corre- sponding to this angle is the support either for a

floor or roof and is never identical with angle D.

Figure 2.Details of wall specimen AL.

A, panel; B, sill; C, wall plate; D, angle.

Furring strips.—The furring strips, E, were

pine, by 2% in. (nominal 1 by 3 in.), 4 ft 1 in. long, spaced 1 ft 4 in. on centers. The strips were fastened to the studs by screw nails, one

at each stud.

Inside face.—The inside face, F, was a onepiece insulating board, 8 ft 0 in. by 4 ft 0 in. by

/4 in., fastened to each fui-ring strip by finishing

nails. Two nails were used at each of the fasten-

[5]
ing points, which were spaced approximately

1 ft 4 in. on centers.

(2) Eight-Foot Wall Specimens.—-The 8-ft wall specimens were 8 ft 0 in. high, 8 ft 0 in. wide, and Aji in. thick. The specimens were

similar to the 4-ft specimens and each specimen

had six "Steelox" panels and two insulating

boards, each 8 ft 0 in. by 4 ft 0 in. by % in. The

jomt between the boards was vertical.

(c) Comments

The standard width of "Steelox" wall panels

is 1 ft 4 in., but panels having other widths can be supplied.

When erecting the building, the sill with its felt strip is fastened to the foundation by exFiGURE 3.

Wall specimen AL-CS under

compressive load.

0 0.02 0.04. 0.06 0.08

shortening h , Figure 4.

Compressive load on wall AL.

Load-shortening and load-set results for specimens AL-Cl, C2, and CS. For the compressive load the thickness ot the specimens was taken as

3 in., that of the structural portion. The load was applied 2 in. from the

outside face. The loads are in kips per foot of actual width of specimen. The shortenings and sets are for a height of 8 ft. They were computed

from the values obtained from the compressometer readings. The gage

length of the compressometers was 7 ft 6 in.

f pansion or anchor bolts, and at one comer of the ! building a corner panel is fastened to the sill by I hook bolts. Startmg at the corner, the waU

panels are interlocked with the comer panel and

with each other and fastened to the sill by hook

bolts. The flanged sides of the panels are covered with blue-lead paint before assembly.

Shorter panels are used at window openings.

The inside of the sill is covered with asphalt,

Yi'm. deep, and the inside of the assembled steel

is covered with asphalt emulsion.

Openmgs for standard door and window

frames are framed with sill and lintel angles,

fastened by hook bolts. Through-the-waU

flashing is used over the top of the frames and

sealed with asphalt between the Mntel angles

and the wall panels.

The wall panels may be further insulated by

rock-wool batts placed between the studs after

erection. When so msulated the sill is not

covered with asphalt.

[6]
2. Compressive Load

Wall specimen AL-C3 under compressive load

is shown in figure 3. The results for wall speci- mens AL-Cl, C2, and C5 are shown in table 9 and in figures 4 and 5.

Table 9.

Structural -properties of wall AL

[Weight, 4.96 Ib/ft^i

Load

Compressive

Transverse.

Transverse.

ConcentratedConcentrated

Impact.

Impact.

Raclfing.

Load applied

2 in. from outside

face.

.\verage.

Inside face; span, 7 ft Oin.

Average.

Outside face; span,

ft 6 in.

Average.

Inside face

Average.

Outside face

Average..

Inside face; span, 7 ft

6 in.

Average

Outside face; span,

ft 6 in.

AverageUpper end

.Average.

^ a

0.2

nTBT6

RlmRS

6.3

4. 0 3.0

3. 5

i;3

7. 0

6. 0

6. 5

7. 5 7,0

8. 0

7. 5

7. 5 7.0

9. 5

9.0

9.0

9.0

9. 0

kipslft

6. 50

6. 32

6.34

6. 39

Ib/fti144

164

151

1.53

133

138

134

136

250

250

265

300 400

375

358

kipslft

0. 552

.610

.635

. 599

« For the compressive load, the thickness of the specimens was taken as

3 in., that of the structural portion only.

I

I

2^

0\

•

1 •—

•—

n

u

Tf

if

AL 0 02 OA 0.6

h/era/ def/eciion in. FiGiTEE 5.

Compressive load on wall AL.

Load-lateial deflection and load-lateral set results for specimens ylL-C?,

C2, and CS. For the compressive load the thickness of the specimens was taken as 3 in , that of the structural portion. The load was applied

2 in. from the outside face. The loads are in kips per foot of actual width

of specimen. The deflections and sets are for a gage length of 7 ft 6 in., the gage length of the deflectometers.

3. Transverse Load

The results are shown in table 9 and in figure

6 for wall specimens AL-Tl , T2, and T3,

loaded on the inside face, and in figure 7 for wall specimens AL-T4, T5, and T6, loaded on

the outside face. Each of the specimens Tl, T2, and T3 failed by buckling of the studs under one of the loading rollers. Specimens and T6 failed by buckling of

both the studs and the outside (loaded) faces

between the loading rollers. Specimen T5

failed by buckling of the studs at one of the loading rollers and buckling of the outside face

between the loading rollers.

4. Concentrated Load

Specimens CI and C3 failed by buckling of

the outside faces at the lower ends of the speci- mens. Specimen C2 failed by buckling of the

outside face and studs at two-thirds of the

height above the lower end.

The results are shown in table 9 and in figure 8

for wall specimens AL-Pl , P2, and P3, loaded on the inside face, and in figure 9 for wall speci- mens AL-PIj., P5, and P6, loaded on the outside face.

104.303° —.39 2 [7]
240

160

^120

^ 80'

140^.

0

•• < o co

1/ «•

1

1 •

1 •

I1• <

1 /

•p

xT

1 AL-I 0 0.2 0.4 o.e def/ecHor in. Figure 6. —Transverse load on wall AL, load applied to inside face.

Load-deflection and load-set results for specimens AL-Tl, T2, and T3

on the span 7 ft 6 in.

0

o

< '

o/

« • /

i —tt8 y

i—

—/r-

ri

11

7

/

mhI

4/-/ 0 0.04 0.08 0.12

indenfaHon in.

Concentrated load on wall AL, load applied to inside face. Figure 8

Load-indentation results for specimens AL-Pl, P2, and P3

240

^200

160

^/20

\

0

m

I

•

1•

1•

1•y

1 41-4 0 0.2 0.4

def/ecHon

0.6

in. Figure 7. —Transverse load on wall AL, load applied to outside face.

Load-deflection and load-set results for specimens AL-Ti, T5, and T6 on

the span 7 ft 0 in.

is

0

0

*

e

•

e

» »

o

1 /

/. «

• /

«•

9

J.

9 1—

1»

1

»

If •

1• 1 Alr4 0

indentation in.

Figure 9.

Concentrated load on wall AL, load applied to outside face.

Load-indentation results for specimens AL-Pji, P5, and P6.

[8.
Each of the specimens PI, P2, and F3 failed by punching of the disk through the loaded

face of the specimen.

For specimens P4, P5, and P6, the indentations were 0.81, 0.96, and 1.90 in. after loads of

300, 400, and 375 lb, respectively. Loads

greater than these were not applied because the

loaded faces of the specimens deformed so that

they interfered with the dynamometer.

5. Impact Load

The results are shown in table 9 and in figure

10 for wall specimens AL-Il, 12, and IS, loaded on the inside face, and in figure 11 for wall

specimens AL-I4, 15, and 16, loaded on the

outside face. Specimen II failed by cracking of the inside

(loaded) face across the entire width of the

specimen at midspan and buckling of the studs near the middle of the specimen. Specimens 12

and IS failed by rupture of the inside (loaded)

face and the furring strips at the middle of the

specimens, buckling of the outside faces and

studs, and opening of the panel joints.

10

8

^6

\ 2<

0

—

c

—>—

t i

u

if

0 2 4 6

deflecffon in. Figure 10.

Impact load on wall AL, load applied to inside face.

Height of drop-deflection and height of drop-set results for specimens AL-Il, 12, and IS on the span 7 ft 6 in.

10

3

0

•

//

1 1 u

u M-4

0 2 d

c/ef/ecHon

6

in.

d

Figure 11.

Impact load on wall AL, load applied to oxdside face.

Height of drop-deflection and height of drop-set results for specimens

AI^H, IS, and 16 on the span 7 ft 6 in.

Specimens 14, 15, and 16 failed by opening

of the panel joints, followed by buckling of the

studs and the outside (loaded) faces at the

middle of the specimens, and rupture of the

inside faces.

ptcnncn AL-li3 under racking load.

[9]
0.60

deformafiun in. Figure 13.

Racking load on wall AL.

Load-deformation and load-set results for specimens AL-RU and RS. The loads are in kips per foot of actual width of specimen. The defor- mations and sets are for a height of 8 ft. They were computed from the

values obtained from the measuring-device readings. The gage length

of the measuring device was C ft.

6. Racking Load

Wall specimen AL-R3 under racking load is shown in figure 12. The results for wall speci- mens AL-Rl , E£, and B3 are shown in table 9

and in figure 13. Each of the specimens failed by buckhng of the outside faces of the panels at both the

upper and lower ends of the specimens and

opening of the panel joints. A few screws

fastening the wall plates to the upper ends of

the specimens sheared.

V. PARTITION AM

1. Sponsor's Statement

(a) Materials

Insulating board.—Wood-fiber. Insulite Co.'s "Graylite Buildmg Board."

Wood.—Pine, shortleaf, 3^ellow, No. 1 com- mon, finished four sides. Nails.

Finishing, 6d, 2 in. long.

Common, 16d, SYi in. long.

Paint.

Casein, priming. United States Gypsum

Co.'s "K-Cemo."

Casein, finish. United States Gypsum

Co.'s "Texolite."

(6) Description

The partition specimens were 8 ft 0 in. high,

4 ft 0 in. wide, and 4% in. thick. Each specimen consisted of two insulating-board faces,

A, as shown in figure 14, fastened to wood

framing by nails. The wood framing consisted

of two studs, B, and two half studs, C, fastened

to a soleplate, D, and a top plate, E, by nails. Both faces were covered with one coat of priming paint and one coat of finish paint.

The price of this construction was $0.17/ft^. Faces.—The faces. A, were one-piece insulating boards, 8 ft 0 in. by 4 ft 0 in. by K in., fastened to the wood framing by finishing nails,

spaced 1 ft 4 in. along each stud and half stud.

Studs.—The studs, B, were pine, 1% by 3%

in. (nominal 2 by 4 in.), 7 ft 8/4 in. long.

Half studs. —The half studs, C, were pine,

'"^2 by 3% in. (nominal 1 by 4 in.), 7 ft 8% in. long.

Soleplate and top plate. —Both plates, D and

E, were pine, 1% by SYs. in. (nominal 2 by 4 in.),

4 ft 0 in. long. The plates were fastened to the studs and half studs by common nails, two

at each end of the studs.

[10]
2. Impact Load

The results for partition specimens AAd-Il

,

12, and IS are shown in table 10 and in figure 15.

Table 10.-

Structural -properties of partition A1\I

["Weight, 3.04 lb/ft!]

Load

Impact.

ConcentratedLoad apphed

Specimen

designation

Faihire

of

loaded

face,

height

of

drop

Failure

of

opposite

face,

height

of

drop

Maximum

height

of

drop

Maximum

load

One face; span 7 ft 6

in.

Areraae- . -..

{ 12

[ 13

ft i.o 1.0

1. 0

1.0

ft i. 5

1. 5

1. 5

/;

1. 5

1. 5

1. 5

lb

1. 5 1. 5

One face

14.5 147

150

1{ P2

[ PS

Average 147

FiGUHE It).Partition specimen AM-Pl under concentrated load.

3. Concentrated Load

Each of the specimens failed by rupture of

the loaded face at a drop of 1 ft and rupture of

the opposite face at a drop of 1.5 ft.

I

5 ^ 4

3

2

0

•—

V

0 I Z 3

def/ecfion in. Figure 15.

Impact load on partition AM.

Height of drop-deflection and height of drop-set results for specimens AM-Il, 12, and 13 on the span 7 ft 6 in.

Partition specimen AM-Pl under concentrated load is shown in figure 16. The results

for partition specimens AM-Pl, P2, and PS

are shown in table 10 and in figure 17.

160

140

120

\lOO

% 60

^ 40

0

0

20

—« 1

• -V-• •

f

t I

L•

AV1 AM

0 0.04 0.08 0.12

indenioiiion in. Figure 17.

Concentrated load on partition AM.

Load-indentation results for specimens AM-Pl, P2, and PS.

[11]
Each of the specimens failed by punching

of the disk through the loaded face of the

specimen.

VI. FLOOR AN

1. Sponsor's Statement

(a) Materials

Steel. Black sheets, hot-rolled, stretcher-leveled,

and resquared. The chemical composition of

the steel is given in table 2 and the average mechanical properties in table 3. American Rolling Mill Co.'s "Armco."

Galvanized sheets, hot-rolled. The chemical composition of the steel is given in table 2

and the average mechanical properties in table

3. The sheets were galvanized with Prime

Western zinc complying with ASTM Standard

B6-37 and having a maximum of 1.60 percent

of lead and 0.08 percent of iron. The weight

of the zinc coating was 1.75 to 2.00 oz/ft^. American Rolling Mill Co.'s "Armco."

Bolts.—Stove, Yi-m. diam, 20 threads per in.,

y2 in. long, round head, made from SAE 1010

steel, not heat-treated, and plated with cadmium not less than 0.0002 in. thick. Lamson

& Sessions Co.

Paint.—Oil, priming, blue lead. The for- mula is given in table 6. Armstrong Paint

and Varnish Works' "No. 1506."

Asphalt emulsion.—Brushing consistency.

The formula is given in table 4. Armstrong

Paint and Varnish Works' "XA-1696."

Wood.

Oak, red, plain, clear, tongue-and-grooved,

end-matched.

Pine, shortleaf, yellow, No. 1 common,

finished four sides. Screw nails.—Heavy-duty, 1)^ in. long, No. 6, 8 tlireads per in., quadruple thread, fiat head,

needle point, made from SAE 1315 (high side)

steel, water-quenched from 1,750° F, and plated

with cadmium about 0.0001 in. thick. Hill- wood Manufacturing Co.'s "Helyx Drive Screw

Nails."

Flooring nails.—5d, cement coated.

(6) Description

The floor specimens were 14 ft 6 in. long, 4 ft 0 in. wide, and 5/{6 in. thick. Each specimen

consisted of four interlocked sheet-steel "Steelox"

panels. A, as shown in figure 18, fastened to

sheet-steel end members, B, by bolts. The

panels formed the lower face and joists. The

panels were covered with one coat of paint applied by spraying. The sides of the flanges of

the panels which were in contact after assembly

were covered with paint applied with a brush

before assembly. The inside of the assembled

panels was covered with one coat of asphalt

emulsion applied with a brush after assembly.

Wood sleepers, C, were fastened to the joists

by screw nails and a wood-finish floor, D, was

fastened to the sleepers by flooring nails. The price of this construction was $0.48/ft^

Panels.—The panels. A, were channels, 1 ft

Figure 18.

Floor specimen AN.

A, panel; B, end member; C, sleeper; Z>, finish floor.

0 in. by 4 in., 14 ft 5 '^%2 in. long, formed from

black sheet steel, No. 18 United States Standard

Gage (0.049 in. thick). The edges of the

flanges of each panel were formed to interlock

with the flanges of adjacent panels. The

flanges when interlocked formed joists of two

thicknesses of steel, integral with the lower face. End memhers.—The end members, B, were

angles, 6% by 2% in., 4 ft 1 in. long, formed from

galvanized sheet steel, No. 12 United States

Standard Gage (0.1072 in. thick before galvanizing). The horizontal 6%-in. legs were fas- tened to the panels by bolts, spaced 4 in. on

centers. The vertical legs had %-in. diam holes,

spaced 1 ft 4 in. on centers, for hook-bolt connections to the sill. Sleepers.—The sleepers, C, were pine, ^^^2 by

2% in. (nominal 1 by 3 in.), 14 ft 6 in. long,

[12]
fastened to the joists by screw nails, spaced

about 1 ft 6 in. on centers. Finish floor.—The finish floor, D, was oak,

j % by 2% in. (nominal ^^(e by 2% in.), fastened

to the sleepers by blind nailing with flooring

' naUs, one at each sleeper.

(() Comments

The standard width of "Steelox" floor panels

j is 1 ft 0 in., but panels having other widths

j can be supplied.

I In the building, the end members to which

the floor panels are fastened rest on part of the

felt strip under the sill. The vertical legs of

the end members are fastened to the studs of

the wall panels and to the sill by hook bolts,

I one at each stud.

The finish floor may be yellow pine, oak, or maple. The lower faces of the floor panels

form the ceiling when there is a room below

and may be finished with paint or wallpaper.

2. Transverse Load

The results for floor specimens AN-Tl, T2,

and T3 are shown in table 11 and in figure 19. Table 11.

Structural properties of floor AN

[Weight, 8.03 lb/ft-]

Load Load applied

Speci- men

desig- nation

Maxi- mum

height

of drop

Maxi- mum

load

Transverse /Upper face; span 12

\ ftOin. __

Average

1 TlT2

[ T3

ft im

189

193

188

Concentrated - -

Impact

190

Upper face..

Average

I PtP2

\ PS

lb

» 1,000

» 1,000

» 1,000

» 1, 000

/Upper face; span 12 1 ^'12

\ IS

olO. 0

» 10.0

" 10. 0

1. ft 0 in

Averasre. . " 10.0

" Specimen did not fail. Each of the specimens failed by budding of the joists at or between the loading rollers and transverse movement of the finish floor with respect to the lower face. The angle

between the joists and the lower face, originally 90°, decreased to about 70°.

240

c/eP/ecfion in. Figure 19.—Transverse load on floor AN.

Load-deflection and load-set results for specimens AN-Tl, T2, and T3 on

the span 12 ft 0 in.

3. Concentrated Load

The results for floor specimens AN-Pl, P2

j

and P3 are shown in table 11 and in figure 20.

1000

800

^200

>

I T

1•

7

a

/m 1 0 0.02 0.04 0.06

inc/enfa/ion in. Figure 20.

Concentrated load on floor AN.

Load-indentation results for specimens AN-Pl, P2, and PS.

[13]
The indentations after a load of 1,000 lb had

been appKed were 0.010, 0.010, and 0.006 in. for specimens PI, P2, and P3, respectively,

and no other effect was observed.

4. Impact Load

Floor specimen AN~I1 during the impact

test is shown in figure 21. The results for floor

0 0.4 0.8 1.2 def/ecfion in. Figure 22.

Itn-pact load on floor AN.

Height of drop-deflection and height of drop-set results for specimens AN-Il, 12, and 13 on the span 12 ft 0 in.

specimens AN-Il, 12, and 13 are shown in

table 11 and in figure 22. The sets after a drop of 10 ft were 0.016,

0.007, and 0.006 in. for specimens II, 12, and j 13, respectively, and no other effect was

observed.

VII. ROOF AO

1. Sponsor's Statement

(a) Materials

Steel.—Hot-rolled sheets, hot-dip galvanized

and prepared for paint by the "Paint Grip"

process. The chemical composition of the

steel is given in table 2 and the average mechanical properties in table 3. American

Rolling MiU Co.'s "Ai-mco."

The sheets were galvanized with Prime

Western zinc complying with ASTM Standard

B6-37 and having a maximum of 1.60 percent

of lead and 0.08 percent of iron. The weight

of the zinc coating was 1.25 to 1.50 oz/ft^for

the 20-gage sheets and 1.75 to 2.00 oz/ft^ for the 12-gage sheets.

The galvanized sheets were prepared for paint by the "Paint Grip" process according to the following specification:

"All galvanized sheets and members shall be

phosphated by immersion in a solution containing free phosphoric acid, an oxidizing

agent (nitrate), and iron and zinc phosphate.

After this treatment the articles shall be thoroughly rinsed in clear water."

[14]
Bolts.—Stove, K-in. diam, 20 threads per

in., K in. long, round head, made from SAE

1010 steel, not heat-treated, and plated with

cadmium not less than 0.0002 in. thick. Lamson & Sessions Co.

Asphalt emulsion.—Brushing consistency.

The formula is given in table 4. Armstrong

Paifit and Varnish Works' "XA-1696."

Wood.—Pine, shortleaf, yellow, No. 1 common, finished four sides. Screw nails.—Heavy-duty, V/i in. long, No. 6, 8 threads per in., quadruple thread, flat head,

needle point, made from SAE 1315 (high side)

steel, water-quenched from 1,750° F, and plated

with cadmium about 0.0001 in. thick. Hillwood Manufacturing Co.'s "Helyx Drive Screw

Nails."

Insulating hoard.—Wood-fiber, % in. thick.

Insulite Co.'s "Bildrite Sheatliing."

Box nails.—4d, in. long.

Roofing felt.—Rag base, saturated with as- phalt. Logan-Long Co.

Asphalt.—Softening point 180° F. LoganLong Co.

Paint.

Oil, priming, blue lead. The formula is given in table 6. Armstrong Paint and

Varnish Works' "No. 1506."

Casein, finish. United States Gypsum

Co.'s "Texolite."

(b) Description

The roof specimens were 14 ft 6 in. long, 4 ft 0 in. wide, and 4% in. tliick. Each specimen consisted of three interlocked sheet-steel

"Steelox" panels. A, as shown in figure 23,

fastened to sheet-steel end members, B, by

bolts. The panels formed the lower face and

joists. The sides of the flanges of the panels

wldch were in contact after assembly were

covered Avith oil paint applied with a brush

before assembly. The inside of the assembled

panels was covered with one coat of asphalt

emulsion applied with a brush. Wood furring

strips, C, were fastened to the joists by screw

naUs, and insulation, D, was fastened to the

furring strips by box nails. The insulation was covered by a built-up roofing, E, laid in

asphalt. The lower face of the specimen was

covered with casein paint.

Figure 23.

Roof specimen AO.

A, panel; B, end member; C, furring strip; D, insulation; E, built-up

roofing.

The price of this construction was $0.52/ft^.

Panels.—The panels. A, were channels, 1 ft 4 in. by 3 in., 14 ft 5'-%2 in. long, formed from

stretcher-leveled and resquared sheet-steel. No.

20 United States Standard Gage (0.0368 in. tliick before galvanizing). The edges of the

flanges of each panel were formed to interlock

with the flanges of adjacent panels. The

flanges when interlocked formed joists of two

tliicknesses of steel, integral with the lower

face. Erid members.—The end members, B, were

zees, 1 by 2% by 2}^ in., 4 ft 1 in. long, formed

from sheet steel. No. 12 United States Standard Gage (0.1072 in. thick before galvanizing).

The vertical webs had slots, 2 by %6 in., spaced

1 ft 4 in. on centers, for hook-bolt coimections

to waU panels. The 2%-m. flanges were fas- tened to the panels by bolts, spaced 8 in. on

centers. Furring strips.—The furring strips, C, were

pine, 25/3 by 2% in. (nominal 1 by 3 in.), 4 ft

1 m. long, spaced about 1 ft 6 in. on centers,

and fastened to the joists by screw nails, one

at each joist.

Insulation.—The insulation, D, was insulating board, % in. thick, fastened to the furring

strips by box nails, spaced about 1 ft 4 in. on

centers.

Built-up) roofing.—The buflt-up roofing, E,

consisted of three plys of roofing felt, each laid

in and covered with asphalt applied by mopping.

There was one 30 lb/108^ ft ply and two 15

lb/ 108 ft- plys.

[15]
(c) Comments

For flat roofs, the roof panels are supported

by the end members which are fastened to the

studs of the wall panels by hook bolts, one at each stud, the upper flanges of the end members

fittmg mto slots cut in the studs. The insulation and built-up roofing cover the inside of

the parapet formed by the wall extending

above the roof line. A sheet-steel coping

covers the top of the parapet and the edge of

the roofing. If there is no parapet, a galvanized cross flasliing under the roofing is formed

by the apron of the sheet-metal hanging gutter.

The lower faces of the roof panels form the

ceiling of the room below and may be finished

with paint or wallpaper.

For sloping roofs, the steel panels are similar

to those for flat roofs, but no insulation or built-up roofing is applied over them. The

panels are supported at the eaves by a formed

sheet-steel section wliich rests on the wall

plate and is fastened to the studs by hook

bolts. The roof panels are fastened with

S-shaped sheet-steel clips. The panels are connected to the ridge by a built-up sheet-steel

ridge member with flanges on which the panels

bear. These flanges are covered with 65-lb

roofing felt. Over this is applied calking material into wliich the panels are embedded. The

portions of the roof panels that are in contact

after assembly are painted with blue-lead paint

before assembly. A sheet-steel ridge cap covers the ridge and is fastened to the roof panels by

screws. The upper face of the roof is covered

with two coats of roofing pamt. The lower

face is covered with one coat of asphalt

emulsion.

For sloping roofs, the ceiling joists are wood,

supported by a flange of the sheet-steel member

which supports the roof panels, and fastened to

it by nails passing through holes in the flange.

Insulating board, % in. thick, is fastened by nails to the top of the joists and }^-in. insulating board

to the bottom. Loose rock-wool insulation is used between the joists around the perimeter

of the building. The lower board forms the

ceiling and may be finished with paint.

2. Transverse Load

Roof specimen A0-T2 under transverse load

is shown in figure 24. The results for roof

Fig LIKE 24.— /I'uoy specimen A0~T2 under lian.svcrsc load. specimens AO-Tl, T2, and TS are shown in

table 12 and in figure 25. Table 12.

Structural properties oj roof AO

[Weight, 6.99 lb/ft2]

Load Load applied Specimen

designation Maximumload

Transverse.

Concentrated

ITpper face; span 14 ft 0 in.

_

Average

( Tl

I T2

[ TS

57

56

57

57

Upper face.

Averaffp^ _

{ P2

1 PS

lb 445

425

455

442

SO

5gl 40

0

1•

/•

/•

•

1•

1•

1•

1 0 OA 0.8 1.2

def/ecfion in. Figure 25.

Transverse load on roof AO.

Load-deflection and load-set results for specimens AO-Tl, TS, and T3

on the span 14 ft 0 in.

[16]
Specimens Tl and T2 failed by buckling of the joists near midspan. Specimen T3 failed

by buckling of the joists under one of the

loading rollers.

3. Concentrated Load

The results for roof specimens AO-PI, P2,

and PS are shown in table 12 and in figure 26.

500

0

1

4 •

» T

/ •

•r• I

1•T•r•

mr AO 0 0.6

indenfafion in. Figure 26.

Concentrated load on roof AO.

Load-indentation results for specimens AO-PI, PS, and P3. Each of the specimens failed by punching of

the disk through the built-up roofing and

insulation.

VIII. ADDITIONAL COMMENTS

BY SPONSOR

Approximately 350 houses using these constructions were completed or under construction July 1, 1938.

The foundations for these houses were either concrete walls or concrete slabs. The chimneys were 4-in. brick walls with clay-tile flue

linings, supported on the masonry foundations.

The sponsor supplied the information contained in the sponsor's statement. The description and drawings of the specimens were pre- pared by E. J. Schell and G. W. Shaw of the

Bureau's Building Practice and Specifications

Section, under the supervision of V. B. Phelan,

from this information and from the specimens

themselves. That Section also cooperated in the preparation of the report.

The experimental data were obtained from

tests made by the Engineering Mechanics Section, imder the supervision of H. L. Whittemore

and A. H. Stang, with the assistance of the

following members of the professional staff: F. Cardile, R. C. Carter, H. Dollar, M. Dubin,

A. H. Easton, A. S. Endler, C. D. Johnson, A. J. Sussman and L. R. Sweetman.

IX. SELECTED REFERENCES

Architectural Record 78, No. 2, 125 (1935). Architectural Forum 63, 567 (1935). American Architect 149, No. 2649, 39 (1936). Washington, August 4, 1938.

O

[17]

The National Bureau of Standards was established by act of Congress, approved

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Bureau was transferred in 1903 to the Department of Commerce and Labor (now the

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