Revision of Some Paleozoic 

Coral Species from the 

Western United States 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 503-E 

Revision of Some Paleozoic 

Coral Species from the 

Western United States 

By WILLIAM]. SANDO 

CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 503-E 

Redescriptions of I 2 species originally 

described by Hall, Meek, and White from 

material collected by the Stansbury, Hayden, 

Wheeler, King, and Powell expeditions 

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON: 1965 
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

Thomas B. Nolan, Director 

For sale by the Superintendent. of Documents, lT.S. Govermnent Printing Office 

vVashington, D.C., 20-102 - Price 65 cents 
CONTENTS 

Page 

Abstract___________________________________________ E1 Page 

Systematic paleontology-Continued Introduction_______________________________________ 1 Genus Caninia Michelin in Gervais_______________ E21 

Systematic paleontology_____________________________ 2 Caninia excentrica (Meek)___________________ 22 

Genus Lophophyllidium Grabau___________________ 2 Caninia nevadensis (Meek)___________________ 25 

Lophophyllidium sauridens (White)____________ 3 Genus Faviphyllum HalL________________________ 27 

Genus Barytichisma Moore and Jeffords___________ 7 "Faviphyllum rugosum" Hall_________________ 28 

Barytichisma zaphrentijorme (White) ___ ._______ 7 Genus Sciophyllum Harker and McLaren__________ 29 

Genus Dorlodotia Salee_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 Sciophyllum adjunctivum (White)_____________ 29 

Genus Syringopora Goldfuss____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 Dorlodotia subcaespitosa (Meek)_______________ 11 

Genus Orygmophyllum Fomichev ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 Syringopora occidental is Meek________________ 31 

Order Tabulata, position uncertain_______________ 32 

Orygmophyllum? whitneyi (White)_____________ 15 

Genus Faberophyllum Parks______________________ 18 

"Leptopora winchelli" White_________________ 32 

References cited____________________________________ 33 

Faberophyllum stansburyi (Hall)________ _ _ _ _ _ 18 Index_____________________________________________ 37 

ILLUSTRATIONS 

[Plates follow index] 

PLATE 1. Lophophyllidium sauridens (White). 

2, 3. Barytichisma zaphrentiforme (White). 

4. Dorlodotia subcaespitosa (Meek). 

5. Orygmophyllum? whitneyi (White). 

6. Durhamina cordillerensis (Easton) and Orygmophyllum? whitneyi (White). 

7. Lithostrotion (Siphonodendron) sp. 

8. Faberophyllurri stansburyi (Hall) and Syringopora occidentalis Meek. 

9. Faberophyllum stansburyi (Hall). 

1o-12. Caninia excentrica (Meek). 

13. Caninia trojana Easton and Caninia nevadensis (Meek). 

14. "Faviphyllum rugosum" Hall and "Leptopora winchelli" White. 

15. Sciophyllum adjunctivum (White). 

Page 

FIGUREs 1-7. Scatter diagrams showing relation betw.eenTABLE 

1. Alar diameter and maximum diameter of columella in Lophophyllidium sauridens (White)_________ E5 

2. Alar diameter and number of major septa in Lophophyllidium sauridens (White) and L. proliferum 

(McChesney)-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 

3. Alar diameter and number of major septa in Barytichisma'·~aphrentiforme (White)_________________ 9 

4. Corallite diameter and number of major septa in Dorlodotia subcaespitosa (Meek)_________________ 12 

5. Corallite diameter and number of major septa in Orygmophyllum? whitneyi (White)________________ 16 

6. Alar diameter and number of major septa in Caninia excentrica (Meek)-------------------------- 23 

7. Alar diameter and number of major septa in Caninia enormis Easton and Caninia nevadensis (Meek)__ 27 

TABLE 

1. Disposition of described coral taxa _______________________________ -----_---------------------------

m 

Page 

E2 

CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC CORAL SPECIES FROM THE WESTERN UNITED STATES 

By WILLIAM J. SANDO 

ABSTRACT 

This paper presents the results of a restudy of the type 

specimens of coral species described as Carboniferous forms in 

the various reports of the Federal geological surveys of the 

Western United States made in the latter half of the 19th 

century. The specimens were collected from localities in Utah, 

Montana, Nevada, Idaho, Colorado, and New Mexico from strata 

of Ordovician or Silurian, Mississippian, Pennsylvanian, and 

possibly Permian age. The classification of corals has changed 

so prt?foundly in the last hundred years that only 2 of the 12 

species considered retain the same generic names under which 

they were originally described. Zaphrentis multilamellata 

Hall is considered to be a junior subjective synonym of 

Zaphrentis stan8'buryi Hall, which is redescribed. as a species of 

Faberophyllum Parks and regarded as a nomen dubium. 

Faviphyllum? rugosum Hall is an available name but has been 

referred to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature for suppression because retention of this bin omen would 

not serve the best interests of stability in nomenclature. 

Zaphrentis ea:centrica Meek and Oyathophyllum ( Oampophyllum?) nevadense Meek are regarded as closely related species of 

Oaninia Michelin. Oyathophyllum subcaespitosum Meek is redescribed as a species of Dorlodotia Salee. Syringopora ocoidentalis Meek is considered to be a nomen dubium. 

Lithostrotion whitneyi White (not Meek) is questionably placed 

in the genus Orygmophyllum Fomichev and considered as a 

nomen dubium. Lophophyllum proliferum var. sauridens White 

is elevated to species rank and allocated to the genus Lophophyllidium Grabau. White's Amplea:us zaphrentiformis is redescribed as a species of Barytichisma Moore and Jeffords. 

Acervularia adjunctiva White is referred to the genus Soiophyllum Harker and McLaren. White's Leptopora win.chelli is 

probably a favositid coral of Ordovician or Silurian age, but 

the type material is so poorly preserved that the name is 

regarded as a nomen dubium. 

INTRODUCTION 

In the 15 years immediately following the Civil War, 

extensive geological exploration of the western territories was sponsored by the Federal Government. It 

was during this time that the Hayden, King, Wheeler, 

and Powell expeditions laid the foundations that led 

to the establishment in 1879 of the present U.S. Geological Survey. Among the fossils collected by these 

expeditions were specimens that became the types of 

some of the first Paleozoic 'coral species to be described 

from the Western United States. This paper presents 

the results of a restudy of type specimens of species 

originally described as Carboniferous forms from the 

western territories by the distinguished paleontologists 

C. A. White and F. B. Meek. The study also includes 

three Carboniferous species described by James Hall 

in 1852 from material collected by the Stansbury 

expedition to the Great Salt Lake. 

When these species were first described, paleontologists had just begun to appreciate the importance 

of internal morphology in the taxonomy of Paleozoic 

corals. Thin-section techniques were not used by these 

early Ameri'Can investigators, and observations of internal details were made on broken specimens or, rarely, 

on polished surfaces. The specimens were illustrated 

by means of sketches and line drawings. Because the 

studies were published before the advent of modern 

rules of zoological nomenclature, many decisions remained to be made concerning designation of type 

specimens. In spite of these difficulties, some of the 

species names have come into wide use, extending even 

into the literature of recent years. Meanwhile, the 

type specimens have laid virtually untouched in the 

collections of the U.S. National Museum, some for 

nearly a century, others longer. R. S. Bassler made a 

few thin sections from some of the type material, but" 

these sections were never illustrated or described. 

A dozen species are dealt with in this paper (table 1) . 

Six of these are retained as useful taxonomic concepts, 

one is placed in the synonymy of another species, four 

are regarded as nomina dubia, and one is rejected 

(ICZN action pending). Thin sections of the type 

material are herein described and illustrated for the 

first time, and lectotypes are selected. Various specimens that were incorrectly assigned to the species under 

consideration are also discussed and illustrated. Synonymies compiled for each species hopefully include 

El 
E2 CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

TABLE !.-Disposition of described coral taxa 

Original designation Recommended designation Age Type locality 

Acervularia adjunctiva White, 1880 ______ Sciophyllum adjunctivum (White) ______ Late Mississippian ___________ Idaho. 

Amplexus zaphrentiformis White, 1876 ___ Middle Pennsylvanian _______ Colorado. 

Cyathophyllum subcaespitosum Meek, 

Barytichisma zaphrentiforme (White) ___ Dorlodotia subcaespitosa (Meek) _______ Late Mississippian ___________ Idaho. 

1873. 

Cyathophyllum ( Campophyllum ?) Caninia nevadensis (Meek) ____________ _____ do _____________________ Utah. 

nevadense Meek, 18'7-7. 

Faviphyllum? rugosum Hall, 1852 _______ "Faviphyllum rugosum" Hall (rejected Early Mississippian _______ --- Do. 

name). Leptopora winchelli White, 1879 ________ "Leptopora winchelli" White (nomen Ordovician or Silurian ________ Do. 

dubium). 

Lithostrotion whitneyi White, 1875 (not Orygmophyllum? whitneyi (White) Pennsylvanian? _____________ Nevada. 

Meek, 1877). (nomen dubium). 

Lophophyllum proliferum var. sauridens 

White, 1875. 

Lophophyllidium sauridens (White) ____ Early Pennsylvanian _________ New Mexico. 

Syringopora occidentalis Meek, 1877 _____ Syringopora occidentalis Meek (nomen Pennsylvanian or Permian ____ Utah. 

dubium). Zaphrentis excentrica Meek, 1873 _______ Caninia excentrica (Meek) ____________ Late Mississippian ___________ Montana. 

Zaphrentis multilamellata Hall, 1852 _____ Faberophyllum stansburyi (Hall) Utah. _ ____ do _____________________ 

(nomen dubium). Zaphrentis stansburyi Hall, 1852 ________ Faberophyllum stansburyi (Hall) _____ do _____________________ Do. 

(nomen dubium). 

every important usage of the species name and its 

synonyms through the year 1963. The geographic location, stratigraphic position, and geologic age of the 

type localities have been reevaluated in modern terms. 

The primary type specimens of all species. described are 

in the collections of the U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. Morphologic terminology follows that of 

Hill (1956, p. 234-251), with the exception of the terms 

alar diameter and calicular angle, which are defined in 

another paper (Sando, 1961). The terminology of 

microstructural elements is that of Kato ( 1963). 

Almost all the lectotypes were photographed before 

thin sections were cut from them. Plaster replicas 

of the primary types were also made before the thinsection operation, and the positions of thin sections are 

indicated on these replicas. Serial peels were made 

from some of the primary and secondary type material. 

Inasmuch as supraspecific revisions are beyond the 

scope of this paper, a conventional treatment has been 

followed in the taxonomic hierarchy above the species 

level. The clas:;ification is generally that of Hill 

( 1956) , with the exception of minor changes in the 

composition of some of the genera. Generic synonymies are designed to show conventional usage and are 

intentionally abbreviated. 

I am indebted to G. A. Cooper and R. S. Boardman 

of the U.S. National Museum for making the type 

specimens herein described available to me for study. 

I am also grateful toW. H. Easton, P. K. Sutherland, 

E. C. Wilson, and R. H. Hansman for the loan of specimens and for important information on the occurrences 

of some of the species. Mackenzie Gordon, Jr., Betty 

Skipp, and L. G. Henbest identified some of the fossils 

associated with the types and contributed information 

on the ages of the collections. R. L. Langenheim, Jr., 

R. H. Olson, Walter Sadlick, A. H. Coogan, and C. B. 

Read provided various data pertaining to the occurrences of some of the species. The paper has benefited 

from the technical criticism of Helen Duncan and W. A. 

Oliver, Jr. Thin sections were prepared by W. C. 

Pinckney, Jr., and K. R. Moore. The photographs are 

the work of D. H. Massie (thin sections) and Jack 

Scott (exteriors) . 

SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY 

Phylum COELENTERATA 

Class ANTHOZOA 

Order RUGOSA 

Suborder STREPTELASMA TIN A 

Superfamily CYATHAXONUCAE 

Family LOPHOPHYLLIDIIDAE 

Genus LOPHOPHYLLIDIUJrl Grabau 

1928. Lophophyllidium Grabau, p. 98-99. 

1942. Lo'[JhophylUdium Grabau. Jeffords, p .• 211-213. 

1945. Lophophyllidium Grabau. Moore and Jeffords, p. 93. 

1947. Lophophyllid.ium Grabau. Jeffords, p. 21-23. 

1956. LophophylUdium Grabau. Hill, p. 256. 

Type speeies.-Oyathawonia prolifera McChesney, 

(1860, p. 75). Pennsylvanian (Missouri), Illinois. 

Diagnosis.-Straight or slightly curved conicocylindrical solitary corals having a relatively large 

axial columella composed of a median plate which arises 

from the counter septum and radiating lamellae surrounded by dense deposits of stereoplasm. Major septa 

long and rhopaloid. Tabulae present. Dissepiments 

absent. (Summarized from Jeffords, 1947, p. 21.) 
REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC CORAL SPECIES E3 

Lophophyllidi um sa uridens (White) 

Plate 1 

1875. Lophophyllum proliferum McChesney, sp., var. sauridens 

White, p. 101, pl. 6, figs. 4a-d (preprinit of White's 1877 

report). 

1877. Lophophyllum proliferum McChesney, sp., var. sauridens 

White, p. 101, pl. 6, figs. 4a-d. 

1881. Lophophyllum sauridens White, p. xvi. 

1898. Lophophyllum protundum var. sauridens White. Weller, 

p. 334 (bibliographic citation). 

1905. LophophyUum proliferum sauridens W'hite. Schuchert, 

p. 369 (bibliographic citation). 

1937. [not] Lophophyllum profundum var. sauridens White? 

Girty, in King, p. 82. 

1942. Lophophyllidium? proliferum var. sauridens (White). 

Jeffords, p. 253. 

1945. Lophophyllum proliferum var. sauridens White. Moore 

and Jeffords, p. 109. 

1947. Lophophyllum protundum sauridens [= Lophophyllidium 

sauridens] White. Jeffords, p. 9. 

1950. Lophophyllidium profundum sauridens (White). Bassler, 

p. 234 (bibliographic citation). 

Type material.-The syntype lot consisted of five 

specimens cataloged under USNM 8499. Two of 

White's illustrated specimens were partly destroyed by 

him in order to show internal features by means of polished surfaces. One of these specimens, the original of 

White's figure 4c, is retained under USNM 8499. The 

other specimen, the original of White's figure 4h, has 

been given the new USNM number 144764. A third 

specimen that has a broken calice, illustrated by White 

as figure 4d, has been given the new USNM number 144765. These specimens are all regarded as 

paralectotypes. 

Two nearly complete specimens were not figured by 

White. One of these, here designated lectotype for the 

species, has been given the new USNM nmnber 144762. 

The other, a paralectotype, now bears USNM number 

144763. 

An additional suite of 21 uncataloged specimen of the 

species was found in the U.S. National Museum collections. The locality label .reads : "Carboniferous, near 

Santa Fe, N.M., Wheeler Survey." Although these 

specimens, now cataloged under USNM 144 767, may 

have been a part of the original collection, I cannot be 

certain that White included them in the type lot. 

Therefore, I regard these specimens as topotypes. One 

of the topotypes, figured in this paper, has been removed 

from the original lot and is now cataloged under USNM 

144766. 

Description of lectotype.-The corallum is a very 

slightly curved cone and has maximum curvature 

slightly to one side of the cardinal-counter plane. The 

cardinal septum is on the concave side of the corallum. 

The length of the corallum is 22 mm, and its maximum 

diameter is 10.6 mm, measured at the top of the calice. 

The calicular angle is approximately 25°. The calice 

is at least 10 mm deep, but because the top of the specimen may be incomplete, the exact depth of the calice is 

uncertain. The columella projects about 9 mm into 

the calice. The exterior of the corallum is marked 

longitudinally with moderately coarse interseptal 

ridges and deep septal grooves. Transverse ornamentation consists of fine growth lines and a few low 

wrinkles. 

Internal features were studied by means of four 

transverse thin sections. The earliest transverse section 

(pl. 1, fig. 7) was cut approximately 3 mm above the 

tip of the corallum at a corallum diameter of 3 mm. 

This section reveals 19 wedge-shaped major septa which, 

together with a poorly defined columella, occupy almost 

all the space within tJhe corallum. The arrangement of 

septa is, in clockwise order, 'as follows: cardinal 

septum, two eardinal lateral septa, alar septum, five 

counter lateral septa., counter septum, six counter lateral septa, a1ar septum, two cardinal lateral septa. The 

cardinal septum is only slightly shorter than most of the 

septa of the counter quadrants, but it is longer than the 

two adj·a.cent cardina;l lateral septa. The columella 

appears as a dark mass of stereoplasm approximately 

half a mm in diameter and has obscure boundaries. 

Within tJhis mass is a sinuous dark line whioh appears 

to be connected with the median line of the counter 

septum. 

The next section (pl. 1, fig. 8) was cut approximately 

4 mm above the tip of the corallum at a diameter of 

5 mm. As in the previous section, the corallum is 

almost entirely filled by the major septa and the 

columella. The 21 major septa are all of approximately 

equal length and thickness so that the protosepta are 

not readily distinguishable. However, the alar septa 

can be identified by their positions on the cardinal 

sides of .two slightly shorter septa, which represent the 

newest additions to the counter quadrants. The columella is riow moderately well defined and appears in 

cross section as an ellipse 1.0 by 1.3 mm, oriented with 

its long axis parallel to the cardinal-counter plane. A 

sinuous dark line along the long axis of the ellipse marks 

the median lamella of the columella. The traces of six 

lateral lamellae can now he seen joining the median 

lamella of the columella. There is no longer any 

evidence of continuity between the counter septum and 

the columella. 

The third section (pl. 1, fig. 9) was cut approximately 

9 mm above the tip of the corallum at a diameter of 

7.3 mm. There are 24 major septa at this stage. The 

cardinal septum is thinner and somewhat shorter than 

the other major septa, which are all rhopaloid and 

terminate against the columella. Cardinal and alar fossulae are poorly defined. The counter septum is slightly 

longer than its neighbors but is not connected to the 
E4 CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

columella. The columella is well defined, elliptical in 

cross section ( 1.4 by 1.9 mm) and oriented as before 

with its median lamella in the cardinal-counter plane. 

Five lateral lamellae join the median lamella. Traces 

of tabulae can be seen between the attenuated peripheral 

segments of the major septa. 

The fourth section (pl. 1, fig. 10) was cut through 

the calice approximately 16 mm above the tip of the 

corallum at a diameter of 9.5 mm. The 26 major 

septa have all withdrawn varying distances from the 

columella, and short minor septa appear for the first 

time. The cardinal septum is very short, represented 

by a low ridge on the interior of the corallum wall. The 

counter septum is also short, but not as short as the 

cardinal. The columella is a completely independent 

structure 2.4 by 3.0 mm in cross section. The median 

lamella and traces of five lateral lamellae are readily 

seen. Faint concentric layers of stereoplasm are also 

evident within the columella. 

The septa consist of an inner part dominated by 

para-feather structure, which may be superimposed on 

a pseudo-trabecular structure, and an outer fibrolameller layer. 

Description of paralectotypes.-The four paralectotypes are all incomplete coralla. The largest specimen 

(pl. 1, fig. 11) is 35 mm long and 12 mm in maximum diameter. The coralla are slightly curved cones, some 

showing more curvature than the lectotype in the lower 

10 mm of their length. Maximum curvature of the 

corallum is mainly in the cardinal-counter plane, and 

the cardinal septum is on the concave side. The calicular angle is between 20° and 25 °. Ornamentation is 

similar to that of the lectotype. In two specimens, the 

columella projects 5-7 mm into the ca,lice, the depth of 

which cannot be determined. 

A longitudinal section (pl. 1, fig. 12) of one of the 

paralectotypes, the original of White's ( 1875) figure 

4b, reveals the structure of the columella and the nature 

of the tabulae. This section appea.rs to be in or near 

the cardinal-counter plane. The columella is composed 

of a series of nested cones consisting of thin layers of 

fibro-lamellar stereo plasm. Vertical zigzag dark lines 

within the columella represent the traces of the medium 

lamella and lateral lamellae on the plane of section. 

Small irregular areas of· sparry calcite, representing 

open spaces in the structure, are also evident. The 

tabulae are generally complete, slightly sigmoidal in 

cross section, and inclined from the columella at an 

angle of approximately 45° from the horizontal. Tabulae are regularly spaced at approximately 1-mm 

intervals. In v:ertical section each tabula appears to 

consist of a thin da.rk line overlain by a layer of seemingly amorphous stereoplasm. The dark lines terminate abruptly at the columella and the inner face of the 

theca, but the layers of stereoplasm are continuous 

with the conical layers of the columella. 

Two transverse sections cut from the other specimen 

not figured by White (USNM 144763) show interesting 

variations from the lectotype. The lower section (pl.1, 

fig. 2) was cut about 6 mm above the tip of the corallum 

at a diameter of 5 mm. This section shows 22 major 

septa arranged in clockwise order, as follows: cardinal 

septum, 3 cardinal lateral septa, alar septum, 6 counter 

lateral septa, counter septum, 6 counter lateral septa, 

alar septum, and 3 cardinal lateral septa. The axial 

region is filled with stereoplasm, but a discrete columella 

is not evident. The counter septum and second cardinal 

lateral septum are very long and extend into the axial 

region. 

The other transverse section (pl. 1, fig. 1), cut approximately 16 mm above the tip of the corallum at a 

diameter of about 9 mm, was broken during preparation 

and does not show all the internal features of the corallum. This section is of interest because it shows a 

complex columella with an irregular outline and open 

spaces within the columellar structure. Dark lines 

within the columella mark the traces of columellar 

lamellae which form an irregular network. One septum in the counter half of the corallum, presumably 

the counter septum, appears to be continuous with this 

network. Other features are similar to those seen in 

the third transverse section of the lectotype. 

Description of topotypes.-The topotype suite includes coralla whose size and shape generally ranges 

within the same limits as those observed in the prhnary 

type specimens. The largest specimen in the topotype 

assemblage is a fragmentary ~corallum more than 35 mm 

long and 13 mm in maximum diameter, but most of the 

specimens are less than 25 mm long and attain a diameter of less than 12 mm. The calicular angle is 20°-25°. 

The coralla are slightly curved in the cardinal-counter 

plane and the cardinal side is invariably concave. 

Subcalicular features were not studied on most of the 

topotypes. However, measurements of alar diameter, 

columellar diameter, and number of major septa were 

made on broken calices of mature topotype coralla. 

These data are presented, along with similar data 

obtained from the primary types and from hypotypes 

from the collections of P. K. Sutherland, in the variation diagrams (figs. 1 and 2). An ontogenetic series 

was made by means of ce1lulose acetate peels on one 

topotype and is presented on plate 1, figures 13-22. 

Type locality.-Locality data given by White (1875, 

p. 103) are "strata of the Carboniferous period; near 

Santa Fe, New Mexico, and rut Rock Creek, Lake 

County, Colorado." The same information appears on 

locality labels that accompany the primary type speciInens. A penciled note by G. H. Girty found with the 
REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC CORAL SPECIES E5 

4 I I I 

<i ... • .....1 • .....1 

LiJ • • ::2: 

:::> • .....1 

0 

(.) ~ 3- u. LiJ 0 1-

LiJ 

• • 0 -

• 

• a::: ::2: LiJ 

1- ::::i LLJ .....1 

... ... 

::2: 

<( ~ •• 

cs ~ 2 - - ::2: • :::> 

::2: 

x 

<( 

::2: 

1 I I L 

7 8 9 10 11 

ALAR DIAMETER, IN MILLIMETERS 

FIGURE 1.-Scatter diagram showing relation between alar diameter and maximum diameter of columella in mature stages 

of lectotype (open circle) , 13 topotypes (solid circles) , and 

3 hypotypes (solid triangles) of Lophophyllidium sauridens 

(White). 

specimens states: "It is my belief that all these specimens are from Santa Fe." Inasmuch as the specimens 

10 

en ffi 8 1-

Li.J 

::2: 

::::i 

.....1 

~ 

z 

-_ 6 a::: 

LLJ 

1-

Li.J 

::2: 

<( 

cs 

a::: 

::5 4 <( 

2 

12 14 16 18 

are all very similar in preservation and closely resemble 

other specimens from Santa Fe in the U.S. National 

Museum collections, I agree with Girty's interpretation 

that the Colorado locality is not represented in the 

type material. 

The type collection was probably made by the Wheeler 

Survey expedition of 1873, for which G. K. Gilbert was 

the geologist. Unfortunately, Gilbert (1875, p. 520) 

did not give a description of the geology around Santa 

Fe, although he mentioned a collection of "CoalMeasure fossils made by Mr. Keasbey, near Santa F·e" 

in his report. I have found no other information in the 

literature or with the type specimens that could aid in 

establishing the exact location and age of the type 

locality. 

Inasmuch as direct evidence bearing on the type locality is lacking, I have attempted to arrive at a reasonable approximation by indirect means. The discov.ery 

of a suite of 21 uncataloged specimens considered to 

be topotypes of the species in the U.S. National Museum 

collections provided a key to the age of strata. at the 

type locality. These specimens, identical with the types 

l ... D.. 

D.. 

... D.. 

D.. • D.. 

D.. 

D.. 

D.. 

EXPLANATION 

L. proliferum 

+ 

Neotype 

X 

Hypotype 

L. sauridens 

D.. 

Topotype 

• Lectotype 

0 

Para lectotype 

... Hypotype 

20 22 26 28 

NUMBER OF MAJOR SEPTA 

FIGURE 2.-Scatter diagram showing relation between alar diameter and number of major septa by means of 32 measurements 

on lectotype, paralectotype, 13 topotypes, and 3 hypotypes of Lophophyllidium sauridens (White). Similar data based on 

10 measurements of neotype and 2 hypotypes of L. proZiterum (McChesney) plotted for comparison (data from Jeffords·, 

1947, pl. 1). 
E6 CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

in morphology, preservation, and general appearance, 

were accompanied by a label indicating that they were 

collected by the Wheeler Survey "near Santa Fe." In 

the same drawer, and bearing locality labels similar 

to that of the topotypes, the following brachiopods 

were found (identifications by Mackenzie Gordon, 

Jr.) : Sohizophoria okla.h01na.e Dunbar and Condra, 

Spirifer oooidtttus Sadlick, Linoprodttwtus nodosus 

(Newberry), J·uresania sp., and an indeterminate dictyoclostid. According to Gordon (oral commun., 1963), 

these forms indicate an Early or Middle Pennsylvanian 

(Morrow or Atoka) age. 

P. I{. Sutherland, who has recently studied the Pennsylvanian strata in the vicinity of Santa Fe, provided 

1ne with the following information (written commun., 

1963): 

Most of the [Santa Fe] area is covered by gravels of the 

Cenozoic Santa Fe Group which rests directly on the Precambrian along most of the Sangre de Cristo Mountain front. However, there are a few windows in the gravels where limited 

thickness of Pennsylvanian rocks are exposed. The only such 

exposure "near Santa Fe" is on the northeast edge of the city 

at some long abandoned, shallow quarries. The sequence here 

exposes about 50 feet of Morrowan strata (base covered) which 

are faulted against about 175 feet of "Atokan" strata (top covered by Cenozoic). No corals occur in the "Atokan" interval 

but I have found corals uncommonly at two horizons in the 

Morrowan interval. Almost all of the other Pennsylvanian outcrops near Santa Fe, most of which are small and poorly exposed, are of Morrowan rocks. 

Dr. Sutherland kindly allowed me to study the lophophyllidid corals that he collected at two localities near 

the eastern edge of Santa Fe. I was able to identify 

the following material as Lophophyllidium sauridens: 

( 1) Four specimens frmn Sutherland's unit 11 (Morrowan) of his section 61, La Pasada Formation of 

Sutherland (1963), 36-51 feet above the base of the 

section (covered interval at base), at the northeast edge 

of abandoned Sante Fe quarries, about two-tenths of a 

mile northeast of Gonzales Road and Cerro Gordo 

Road; (2) three specimens from Sutherland's unit 5 

(Morrowan) of his section 90, La Pasada Formation 

near the base of the section (covered interval at base) , 

in the east bank of an unnamed tributary of the Sante 

Fe River where the creek is crossed by Cerro Gordo 

Road, 1.2 miles east of the intersection with Gonzales 

Road. At the quarry locality, the corals are associated 

with Sohizophoria oklahmnae Dunbar and Condra, N eospirifer? goreii (Mather), and "Prod'ltot1.t8" 1oelleri 

(Mather) and occur above beds that contain Neospirifer? goreii (Mather), Sohizophoria. te{f}a.na Girty, Linoproduotus nodosus (Newberry), and Ohon.etes arkansan us Mather (Sutherland, ·written commun., 19·63). 

At the Sante Fe River valley locality, the corals. occur 

in the same bed with Schizophoria oklah01na.e Dunbar 

and Condra and N-eospirifer goreii (Mather); bra.chiopod faunules collected above and below the coral 

horizon include N eospiri fer? goreii (Mather), Linoproduotus nodosus (Newberry), Ohonetes arkansa11JU8 

Mather, "Produotus" rwelleri (Mather), Krot01Jia globbosa (Mather), and .S ohizophoria te{f}ana Girty (Sutherland, written commun., 1963). According to Sutherland, the two intervals from which fossils were collected 

correlate approxin1ately with beds 50-125 feet above 

the base of the La Pasada Formation at Nambe Falls, 

where the Pennsylvanian rests unconformably on rocks 

of mid-Mississippian age. 

Unfortunately, Sutherland's specimens of Lophohyllidium sauridens do not compare favorably in preservation and general appearance with the type materiaL 

The type specimens are almost entirely calcareous, 

whereas Sutherland's specimens are completely silicified, and the color of specimens and matrix is not the 

same in the two groups of specimens. Although the 

Sante Fe quarry locality has probably been accessible 

for the past one hundred years and is therefore a logical 

choice for the site of the type locality, differences in 

preservation and color of the specimens leave 

considerable doubt. 

In summary, the available evidence does not reveal 

unambiguously the precise geographic location of the 

type locality. It does suggest, however, that the type 

1naterial was collected from a horizon of Early Pennsylvanian (Morrow) age in the La Pasada Formation 

of Sutherland (1963) somewhere in the vicinity of 

Sante Fe. 

Dismt.ssion.-White (1875, p.101) originally proposed 

this taxon as a variety of Lophophyllum proliferum 

(McChesney), but later (White, 1881, p. xvi) regarded 

it as a distinct species. Subsequent authors (see synonymy) have treated it variously as a variety of Lophophyllum proliferum (McChesney) or L. profundum 

(Milne-Ed wards and Haime) or as a separate species. 

When Jeffords ( 1942) revised Lophophyllidium Grabau 

and demonstrated that this name was applicable to 

many upper Paleozoic corals previously assigned to 

Lophophyllum Milne-Edwards and Haime, he correctly 

assigned White's species to Lophophyllidium. 

A study of descriptions and illustrations of North 

American species of Lophophyllidiurn indicates that 

White's specimens are most similar to Lophophyllidium 

prolife'J"''.Jm,. I have exan1ined the question of the exact 

relation of White's material to Lophophyllidium proliferum by comparing ·white's specimens with Jeffords' 

(1942, p. 213-219; pl. 1, figs. 1-3; pl. 8, fig. 2) descriptions and illustrations of the neotype and topotypes of 

L. proliferum. I conclude that White's specimens 

constitute a distinct species. 
REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC CORAL SPECIES E7 

Lophophyllidi:wn sauridens and L. proliferum include coralla of approximately the srune size and shape, 

and in both species the cardinal septmn is generally on 

the concave side of the corallum; however, the corallum 

of L. sauridens is generally straighter than that of 

L. proliferu,m. L. sauridens lacks the extreme curvature in the lower part of the corallum, which characterizes L. proliferurrn. The columella has approximately 

the same diameter in the two species, but it projects 

several millimeters farther into the calice of L. sauridens. Furthermore, continuity between the counter 

septum and the columella beyond the earliest stages 

seems to be less prevalent in L. sauridens than in L. 

proliferum, and the internal structure of the columella 

Inay be more complex in the former. L. sa11Jridens has 

a larger number of major septa than L. proliferun" 

at all corallum diameters (fig. 2). The tabulae of L. 

smuridens are spaced more regularly and slightly closer, 

and the minor septa are shorter than in L. prolifer'1.un 

which has a more distinct cardinal fossula. 

In addition to the type material, my concept of 

Lophophyllidium sauridens includes two specimens 

(USNM 9459) listed by White (1881, p. xvi) from a 

locality near Taos, N.Mex., and four specimens (USNM 

41242) from Santa Fe in the collections of E. 0. Ulrich. 

Also included in the species are seven specimens from 

two localities on the outskirts of Santa Fe collected 

by P. K. Sutherland. Two specimens (USGS loc. 69?3) 

from the Gaptank Formation of the Marathon region, 

Texas, referred to the species by Girty (in King, 1937, 

p. 82) appear to belong to an undescribed species of 

Stereocorypha Moore and Jeffords. 

Family HAPSIPHYLLIDAE 

Genus BARYTICHISKA. Moore and 1e1fords 

1945. Barytichisma Moore and Jeffords, p. 131. 

Type species.-Barytichisma crassum Moore and 

Jeffords (1945, p. 131-132, figs. 111-113, 123). Pennsylvanian (Morrow), Texas. 

Diagnosis.-Slightly curved conico-cylindrical solitary corals that have a thick theca. Major septa are 

pinnately arranged and axially confluent in early stages 

but become radially arranged and amplexoid in Inature 

stages. Tabulae generally flat but with downturned 

margins. Dissepiments absent. 

Barytichisma zaphrentiforme (White) 

Plates 2 and 3 

1876. Amplexus zaphrentitormis White, p. 88, 107. 

1880b. Amplexus zaphrentiformis White, p. 120, pl. 33, figs. 

la-'d.. 

1889. Amplea:us zaphrentitormis White. Miller, p. 172 (bibliographic citation). 

1898. Amplexus zaphrentiformis White. Weller, p. 84 (bibliographic citation). 

1903. Amplexus zaphrcntiformis. Girty, p. 34. 

1905. AmpleX1lS zaphrentitormis ·white. Schuchert, p. 41 

(bibliographic citation). 

1950. Amplexus zaphrentiformis White. Bassler, p. 219 (bibliographic citation). 

Type material.-The syntype lot consisted of 102 

specimens cataloged under USNM nmnbers 8064 and 

35696. USNM 8064, cataloged in 1879, consisted of 41 

specimens, including the 4 illustrated by White (~880b, 

pl. 33, figs. 1a-'d). USNM 35696 included 61 speCimens 

cataloged in 1906. White ( 1876, p. 108) stated that 

there were "nearly one hundred examples" in the 

original collection. Moreover, specimens cataloged 

under both USNM numbers bear old specimen numbers 

that are very similar, and both collections have old 

locality labels numbered 8064. For these reasons, Iregard both lots as syntypes. . 

I have chosen vVhite's principal illustrated spemmen 

( 1880b, pl. 33, fig. 1a) as lectotype and given it the new 

lTSNM number 144776. Figured paralectotypes are 

now cataloged under USNM numbers 144~77-144780. 

I have identified two of the unfigured spemmens cataloged under USNM number 35696 as 0 aninia sp. and 

Stereostylus sp.; these have been assigne~ .USNM 

144781 and 144782, respectively. The remaining unfigured paralectotypes are retained under USNM numbers 8064 and 35696. 

Description of lectotype.-The lectotype (pl. 2, fig. 3) 

is an almost perfect corallum 80 mm long and 32 mm 

in maximum diameter. The corallum is a moderately 

curved cone that expands rapidly in the lower 50 mm 

of its length but becomes nearly cylindri?al in ~he 

upper 30 mm. Three periods of slight reJuvenatiOn 

are evident in the subcylindrical part of the corallum. 

Although the lower 20 mm of the corallum is somewhat 

twisted, the plane in which maximum curvature ~urs 

generally deviates approxim~tely 20° fro~ the cardinalcounter plane, and the cardinal septum Is on the concave side. The calice is between 15 and 17 mm de~p. 

The corallum is approximately circular in cross sectiOn 

throughout growth (alar diameter = cardinal-counter 

diameter). 

The exterior of the corallum is marked by an unusual ornamentation pattern. Moderately coarse tr~nsverse rugae, some marking periods of sh~ht 

rejuvenation, aFe spaced 1-3 mm apart. ~he lo.ngitudinal ornamentation is dominated by deep d1scont1nuous 

O'rooves about 0.1 mm wide, spaced 1-3 mm apart. Be-

~ween the groov~s, the epitheca is marked by fine tr~ns­ verse striae (as many as 20 per mm) arranged In a 

lobate pattern. The lobes are convex upward, ~nd 

their ends terminate in the grooves. In the lower thud 
E8 CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

of the corallum, this ornamentation pattern is superimposed on a pattern of shallow septal grooves and 

low rounded interseptal ridges, but the septal pattern 

is gradually obscured as the epitheca thickens in the 

upper part of the corallum. 

Internal details were studied by means of five transverse thin sections and one longitudinal thin section. 

The earliest formed section that was studied (pl. 2, 

fig. 4), was cut 5 mm above the tip of the corallum and 

shows 22 major septa at an alar diameter of 4.5 mm. 

The septal oomple,ment (clockwise) is: cardinal, three 

cardinal laterals, alar, six counter laterals, counter, five 

counter laterals, alar, four cardinal laterals. The four 

protosepta (cardinal, alars, and counter) a.re longer than 

the metasepta and meet at the axis of the corallum. 

The cardinal septun1 is in a well-marked fossula. Ala.r 

fossulae are pronounced. A peripheral stereozone composed of epitheca five-tenths of a mm thick had 

developed at this level. 

A thin section eut 15 1nm above the tip of the corallum 

(pl. 2, fig. 5) shows 29 major septa at an ala.r diameter 

of 9. 7 mm. The septal omnplement ( elockwise) is: 

cardinal, five cardinal laterals, alar, seven counter laterals, counter, eight counter laterals, alar, five cardinal 

laterals. The cardinal septum is short and is in a pronounced axially expanded fossula. The eounter septum 

is long and abuts against the axial termination of the 

eardinal :fossula. Alar fossulae are reduced frmn the 

previous stage. The peripheral stereozone, now 1 mm 

thick, is composed almost entirely of septal deposits. 

A thin section cut 28 mn1 above the tip of the corallum 

(pl. 2, fig. 6) shows 38 major septa at an alar diameter 

of approximately 17 nnn. The septal complement 

(cloekwise) is: cardinal, 6 eardinallaterals, alar, 11 

counter laterals, eounter, 11 counter laterals, alar, 6 

cardinal laterals. This section marks the beginning 

of the amplexoid phase. All t1he septn have withdra.wn 

from the axia] region and most of them have become 

rhopaloid. The cardina'l septum is short and thin and 

is in a pronounced fossul'a as before. The eounter septum is slightly longer than adjacent metasepta. Alar 

fossulae are nearly obliterated. The peripheral stereozone is as mueh as 3 mm thick, of which the inner 

112-% is septal deposits and the remainder is epithecal 

deposits. 

A thin section cut 58Inm above the tip of the corallum 

(pl. 2, fig. 7) shows 43 major septa at an alar diameter 

of 25 mm. This section was cut just below the base of the 

calice. The septal complement (clockwise) is: cardinal, 

8 cardinal laterals, alar, 12 counter laterals, counter, 11 

eounter laterals, alar, 8 cardinal laterals. As in the 

previous stage, the septa do not reach the axial region; 

each one e~xtends about 112-% the radius of the corallum. 

Most of the septa in the counter quadrants are rhopaloid, whereas those in the cardinal quadrants are axially attenuated. A conspicuous fossula marks the 

cardinal position, hut the cardinal septum is buried in 

the peripheral stereozone. The counter septum is again 

slightly longer than adjacent Inet,asept·a. The alar positions are di'stinguished with diffieulty. The peripheral stereozone ranges from about 4.5 to 7 mm thick 

(thickest in cardinal quadrants) and appears to eonsist. 

almost entirely of septal deposits. 

A thin section eut. 65 m·In above the tip of 'the corallum 

(pl. 2, fig. 8) illustrates ealieular features. There are 

45 major septa at an alar diameter of 25 mm in this 

section. Protosepta cannot be identified except by 

tracing their positions from subcalicular sections. The 

major septa are all very short, and the free axial extentions are thin. Minor sepla appear for the first 

time; they are buried in the peripheral stereozone in the 

counter quadrants and project very slightly into the 

caliee in the cardinal quadrants. The peripheral 

stereo·zone ranges from 2.5 to 3 mm in thickness and is 

cmnposed principally of septal deposits. 

A thin section cut in the c.a.rdinal-counter plane between 28 and 58 mm ·above the tip (pl. 2, fig. 9) illustrates internal features in longitudinal section. The 

tabulae are mostly incomplete, flat to slightly eonvex 

upward, have generally down-turned edges, and are inclined at an angle of ahout 45° from the horizont,al into 

the cardinal fossula, where their edges are reflexed upward against the inner wall of the eorallum. Many of 

the tabulae appear to be thickened by stereop1asmic 

deposits. Tabulae are irregularly spaced but genera1ly 

occur at intervals of 1 mm. The traces of amplexoid 

septa appear 'as wedges resting on the tabulae; the septa 

decrease in height from the. periphery toward the axis 

of the corallum. 

In the earliest transverse section studied, some of the 

thinnest septa appear to have lamellar microstructure, 

whereas others are characterized by feather structure. 

Thieker septa in the same section have a second layer 

of oblique fibres whose direction is reversed from that 

of the feather structure. layer so as to produce a zigzag 

structure. In later transverse sections, only the zigzag 

structure was observed. As the septa become thicker, 

the number of reversals of fibre directions becomes 

greater, until as many as three reversals may be present. 

Each reversal seems to represent a distinct layer of 

skeletal material. 

Description of paralectotypes.-Observations on 

most of the paralectotypes were confined to fe:atures of 

the exterior and the calice. However, 2 specimens 

were studied by means of 20 serial transverse sections, 

and 19 transverse sections from various parts of 11 
REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC CORAL SPECIES E9 

specimens were also examined. Longitudinal sections 

of 11 specimens, mostly fragmentary, were studied. 

The overwhelming majority of coralla are slightly 

to moderately curved cones. Only 2 of 90 specimens 

complete enough for evaluation showed no curvature. 

Although some specimens are characterized by tortion 

through an angle of ae much as 180° in neanic stages, 

the position of the plane containing maximum curvature with respect to the cardinal-counter plane is reInarkably constant beyond the early growth stages. Of 

61 neanic and ephebic specimens, 75 percent show an 

angular deviation between the 2 planes of 10° or less, 

whereas 18 percent show a deviation of 10°-45°, and 

only 10 percent show a deviation of 45°-90°. The cardinal septum is located uniformly on the concave half 

of the corallum. 

In 40 specimens that have 31-39 major septa in the 

calice, the calicular angle ranges from less than 10° 

to 33°. Approximately 50 percent of the specimens 

have a calicular angle of 25°-28°. Specimens that have 

calicular angles less than 18° are characterized by 

cylindrical or subcylindrical coralla in the late ephebic 

stage and are commonly marked by rejuvenation. ,,:])vi26 

24 

22 

EXPLANATION 

• Lectotype, serial section 

• Paralectotype, serial section 

8 

Paralectotype, serial section 

X 

Paralectotype, in calice 

+ 

Paralectotype, below calice 

dence of rejuvenation was observed in 24 of 7 4 specimens 

studied; this phenomenon appears to be restricted to 

the amplexoid phase of the corallum. 

The length of the corallum was measured on 45 of 

the most complete specimens. Although imperfect 

apices and calices make these measurements inexact, 

they serve to illustrate the order of magnitude of size 

distribution in the sample. Measured length ranges 

from 22.2 mm (28 1najor septa in calice) to 65.0 mm 

(36 major septa in calice); the average length is 

40.1 mm. 

The ornamentation of the corallum is generally like 

that of the lectotype. Several specimens appear to be 

crudely pustulose, a feature not seen on the lectotype. 

Attachment scars were observed in the lower 5 mm of 

a few specimens that have perfectly preserved, unabraded tips. The relatively small area of attachment 

as compared with the size and weight of the mature 

corallum suggests that atta'chment was a feature 

confined to the early life of the animal. 

The relation between alar diameter and the number 

of major septa in the lectotype and paralectotypes is 

shown in figure 3. This scatter diagram illustrates 

X 

• 

X /+ 

X X 

X X 9y 

• 

o~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-L 

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 32 34 38 

NUMBER OF MAJOR SEPTA 

FIGURE 3.-Scatter diagram showing relation between alar diameter and number of major septa by means of 87 measurements on 

56 specimens of Barytiohi8ma zaphrentiforme (White). Straight lines connect measurements made from serial sections 

of lectotype and two paralectotypes. 

17165-3'21 0-65--2 
ElO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

both ontogenetic variation and individual variation at 

various ontogenetic stages. Other aspects of ontogenetic 

development, illustrated by serial sections of two 

paralectotypes (pl. 3, figs. 1-19), may be summarized 

as follows: 

( 1) Brephic stage: characterized by development of 

six protosepta (cardinal, counter, alars, and first counter 

laterals). Composes earliest 2 mm of the corallum 

length and includes alar diameters up to 2 mm. 

( 2) N eanic stage: characterized by addition of metasepta up to a total septal complement of 29 or 30. 

Composes that part of the corallum from 2 mm to 

approximately 25 mm from the tip and includes alar 

diameters from 2 to about 10'---12 mm. The septal plan 

is zaphrentoid except for a temporary amplexoid phase 

of short duration bet·ween insertion of 14 and 25 major 

septa in some specimens. 

( 3) Ephebic stage : characterized by about 30-44 

amplexoid major septa; the principal amplexoid phase 

of the corallum. Composes that part of the corallum 

from approximately 25 mm above the tip to the calice 

(as much as 80 mm from tip) and includes alar diameters from about 10-12 mm to as much as 32 mm. 

Evidence bearing on the order of insertion of the six 

protosepta was obtained with difficulty owing to poor 

definition of the septa in the earliest stages of the corallum even in the few specimens with perfect tips where 

preservation is good enough to permit observation of 

this feature. However, a successful determination of 

early septal development was accomplished in serial 

transverse peel sections of one of the paralectotypes 

(pl. 3, figs. 1-5) . The tip of this specimen (not ill ustrated) consisted of the floor of the cup which was 

~occupied by the polyp in its earliest developmental 

stage. This cup was aseptate to a distance of approximately 0.2-0.3 mm above the basal disk, where a partition separating the cup into two chambers appeared 

(pl. 3, fig. 1). A single septum appeared as a low ridge 

on one wall of the larger chamber at this stage. J udging from the orientation of this septum with respect to 

later septal development, the septum was one of 

the alar septa. Approximately six-tenths of a mm 

above the basal disk, three additional septa were seen as 

low ridges on the walls of the larger chamber (pl. 3, 

fig. 2). The four septa of this stage were identified 

as cardinal, counter, and two alars. The partition 

between the two chambers in the corallum disappeared 

a short distance above this level. A section about ninetenths of a mm above the basal disk revealed an enlarged 

cup characterized by further growth of the four principal septa (pl. 3, fig. 3). Between 0.9 and 2.1 mm above 

the basal disk, the four principal septa joined at the 

axis of the corallum, and two counter lateral septa were 

added. A section 2,.1 mm above the basal disk revealed 

the six protosepta- and an additional counter lateral 

septum (pl. 3, fig. 4). 

Type locality.-The locality data given by White 

(1876, p. 108) are: "Lower Aubrey Group; Split 

Mountain Canon, and near Echo Park, Utah." Inasmuch as old locality labels with the specimens read 

"near Echo Park," the Split Mountain locality does 

not seem to be represented in the type lot. 

Echo Park is just south of the confluence of the 

Green and Yampa rivers in NE1,4 sec. 32, T. 3 S., R. 103 

W., Moffat County, Colo. The bedrock in the immediate 

vicinity of Echo Park is mapped as Weber Sandstone 

by Untermann and Untermann (19·54, pl. 2, fig. 5), hut 

evidence hearing on the identity of the beds from which 

White's specimens were collected suggests that the 

material came from the Morgan Formation. Thus, the 

most probable location of the type locality is the area 

approximately 1 mile north of Echo Park, where a 

faulted belt of the Morgan Formation crosses the 

Green River. 

Powell's report includes a stratigraphic section of the 

Paleozoic rocks in the Uinta Mountains by J. F. 

Steward (Powell, 1876, p. 57, fig. 10). Steward recorded abundant cup corals in a mottled dark drab and 

buff limestone 90 feet thick which composes unit 3 in 

the lower Aubrey Group of the Uinta Mountains section. A comparison of Steward's description of the 

lower Aubrey Group with a description of the Morgan 

Formation near Island Park by U ntermann and U ntermann (1954, p. 118-120) suggests that Steward's unit 3 

corresponds to the lower part of the middle member 

(Atoka age) of the Morgan as mapped by Untermann 

and Untermann. The grayish-red siltstone and limestone matrix of White's specimens seemingly confirm 

this determination. 

A collection of fossils made by Keyte and Heaton 

(USGS loc. 15050-PC) approximately 1,500 feet below 

the top of the Weber Sandstone in Split Mountain Canyon has an important bearing on the age and stratigraphic position of the species in the type a.rea. The 

approximate stratigraphic position given for the collection indicates that the material is from either the 

lower part of the Des Moines or the upper part of the 

Atoka age equivalents of the Morgan Formation in the 

Split Mountain section of Untermann and Untermann 

(1954, p. 102-103). The collection contains specimens 

of Amplexus zaphrentijormis virtually identical with 

White's types in preservation and included matrix. 

Along with the corals are specimens of H ystriculina 

aff. H. wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) and lnflatia? sp., which indicate a Middle Pennsylvanian 
REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OORAL SPECIES Ell 

(Atoka or Des Moines) age for the collection (M. 

Gordon, Jr., 1963, oral commun.). 

I conclude that the available evidence cleady indicates a stratigraphic position near the middle of the 

Morgan Formation for the type material. The specimens are of Middle Pennsylvanian age, either Atoka 

or Des Moines, but most probably Atoka. 

Discussion.-The abundant well-preserved specimens 

in the type collection provide an excellent foundation 

for the species concept. The geographic location and 

stratigraphic level of the type locality have been 

established within practicable limits. 

Barytichisma zaphrentiforme is distinguished from 

other described species of B arytichisma by its large, 

robust corallum, extraordinarily thick peripheral stereozone, and unusual ornamentation. It appears to be 

1nost similar to B. callosum Moore and Jeffords ( 1945, 

p. 134-137, text figs. 115, 116, 120'--122) but differs in 

the features mentioned above and also in hruving fewer 

major septa at the same corallum diameter in the ephebic 

stage. B. zaphrentiforme and B. callosum are distinguished from other species referred to the genus by 

Moore and Jeffords (1945, p. 131-134) by having the 

cardinal septum on the concave side of the corallum. 

Superfamily ZAPHRENTIC'AE 

Family LITHOSTROT'IONIDAE 

Genus DORLODOTIA Salee 

1920. Dorlodotia Sah~e, p.145, 149---150. 

Type species.-Dorlodotia briarti Salee ( 1920, p. 150-

154, figs. 5, 6). Lower Carboniferous (Visean), 

Belgium. 

Diagnosis.-Fasciculate colonial corals that have an 

axial columella that consists of a medial plate which 

may be attached to the counter septum. Tabulae ordinarily complete, conical. Major septa mostly confined to the tabularium, although some reach the 

epitheca, and the counter septum. may reach the axis. 

Minor septa short or absent. Dissepimentarium mostly 

lonsdaleoid. 

Dorlodotia subcaespitosa (Meek) 

Plate 4 

1873. Cyathophyllum subcaespitosum Meek, p. 470, footnote. 

1877. [not] DiphyphyUum suboespitosum. Hague in Hague and 

Emmons, p. 547. 

1877. [not] Cyathophyllum subcaespitosum Meek, p. 60, pl. 5, 

figs. 4, 4a, b. 

1878. [not] Diphyphyllwm suboespit08wm. King, p. 208. 

1881. [ ?] Oyathophyllum subcaespitosum. Miller, p. 308. 

1889. [part] Oyath.ophyllum subca.espitosum Meek. Miller, p. 

182 ( bi:bliographic citation) . 

1898. [part] Oyathophyllum subcaespitosum Meek. Weller, p. 

204 (bibliographic citation). 

1905. [not] Oyathophyllum suboa.espitosum Meek. Schuchert, 

p. 191 (bibliographic ci'tation). 

1917. [not] Oyathophyllum sub·caespitosum? Girty in Umpleby, 

1917, p. 30. 

1925. [not] Cyathophyllum subcaespitosum Chapman, p. 112, 

pl. 13, figs. 15, 16a, b (junior homonym, Silurian of 

Australia) . 

1931. [not] Oyathophyllum subcaespitosum Girty in Hewett, p. 

24. 

1932. [not] Cyathophyllum subcaespitosurn? Girty in Westgate 

and Knopf, p. 22. 

1935. [not] Oyathophyllurn suboaes·pitosurn? Girty in Nolan, p. 

38. 

1942. [not?] Oyathophyllurn st.t,bcaespitosum? Girty in Loughlin and Ko~j~chmann, 1942, p. 20. 

1950. [part] Cyathophy~~um subca.espitosurn Meek. Bassler, p. 

220 (bibliographic citation). 

Type material.-Although the type material was 

cataloged in 1875 or 1876, it appa.rently was misplaced 

or forgotten by the time Schuchert and his colleagues 

( 1905) published their catalog of type specimens of 

fossil invertebrates in the U.S. National Museum. 

Schuchert ( 1905, p. 191) erroneously designated Meek's 

hypotype from the White Pi1ie District, Nev., as holotype of the species. I am very fortunate to have rediscovered Meek's original collection from Idaho in a 

drawer of Hayden Survey fossils. The collection is 

unquestionably the one that Meek had before him when 

he described the species for the first time in 1873. The 

specimens agree with Meek's (1873, p. 470, footnote) 

brief diagnosis and are accompanied by a label written 

by Meek's hand. Other fossils in the same dra.wer can 

be identified with those in Meek's list for the Ross 

Fork-Lincoln Valley locality. 

The syntype lot consisted of 11 specimens cataloged 

under USNM 7783. The specimens are all fragmentary; they include single, disassociated corallites and 

clusters of two to four corallites. I have chosen the 

largest specimen in the type lot as lectotype and given 

it the new USNM number 144783. ·The figured paralectotype is now cataloged under USNM number 

144 784. U nfigured paralectotypes retain the original 

catalog number USNM 7783. A large indeterminate 

horn coral found with the type lot has been removed 

and is now cataloged under USNM 144785. 

Description of lectotype.-The lectotype (pl. 4, fig. 4) 

consists of a mature corallite which has given rise to 

about eight offsets. The specimen and the limestone 

matrix in which it is imbedded form an approximately 

tabular slab 6.5 by 11 by 2 em. The growth form of 

the colony appears to be dendroid. 

Budding is verticillate. Serial transverse thin sections (pl. 4, figs. 7-9) show the origin of at least eight 

offsets but only three of these are preserved in the upper 

part of the specimen. 

The epitheca is thin and longitudinally marked by 

low rounded interseptal ridges and shallow septal 
E12 CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

grooves. Transverse ornamentation consists of fine 

growth lines, as many as 10 per millimeter. Alternate 

expansion and contraction of the corallites at intervals 

of 5-10 mm is due to variation in the width of the 

dissepimentarium. 

The parent corallite expands from a diameter of 

14.5 mm to 19.5 mm in a longitudinal distance of 65 mm 

but maintains a constant major septal number. of 30 

throughout its preserved length (fig. 4) . 

A thin section cut near the top of the principal corallite (pl. 4, fig. 5) illustrates the ideal features seen in 

transverse section. The major septa are thin (0.05-

0.1 m1n) and slightly sinuous; many of them extend 

eontinuously from the periphery toward the axis for 

a distance of half the radius, whereas others are interrupted by lonsdaleoid dissepiments in the outer half 

of the dissepimentarium. The major septa are slightly 

dilated in the tabularium. The cardinal septum is 

about half as long as adjacent major septa and is in 

a moderately well marked fossula defined by incurved 

adjacent eardinal lateral septa and tabular intercepts. 

The counter septum is slightly shorter than adjacent 

major septa. Minor septa are thin and variably 

developed; they may be absent or extend to a length 

of as much as one-fifth the length of the major septa. 

The columella appears in transverse section as a discrete 

plate 3.5 by 0.1 mm, elongated in the cardinal-counter 

plane. The plate is surrounded by concentric tabular 

and tabellar traces. The dissepimentarium is between 

4 and 5 mm wide and consists of an inner half composed 

of regular and herringbone dissepiments and a variable 

outer half of regular, herringbone, and lonsdaleoid 

dissepiments. 

In two of the thin sections cut lower in the corallite 

(pl. 4, figs. 7 and 8), no trace of a columella appears in 

transverse section. However, the lowest transverse section studied (pl. 4, fig. 9) shows a columella 0.8 by 0.1 

mm. These observations, supported by study of a longitudinal section (see below), indicate thast the columella 

is vertically discontinuous. Other features observed in 

the uppermost transverse section are constant in underlying sections, with the exception of the length of the 

Inaj Or septa and nature and width of the dissepimentarium in the section where offsets originated (pl. 4, 

fig. 9). 

A longitudinal thin section cut between the level of 

the uppermost transverse section and the next underlying transverse section and in the cardinal-counter plane 

(pl. 4, fig. 6) illustrates vertical discontinuity of the 

columella. The columella is represented by a very sinuous plate that is present only in the upper 7 mm of the 

section. In the acolumellate part of the corallite, the 

tabulae are complete or incomplete and flat or gently 

(f) 

0::: 

UJ 

1-

19 

~ 17 

::::i 

...J 

~ 

z 

~ 15 UJ 

1-

UJ 

~ 

<t: 

i5 13 UJ 

1-

::::i 

...J 

<t: 

0::: 

811 

• 

0 

t 

• 

EXPLANATION 

• Lectotype, columellate 

0 

Lectotype, acolumellate 

... Paralectotype, columellate 

8 

Paralectotype, acolumellate 

9L--L--~~---L--~~--~~~~--~~~--~ 

~ ~ ~ ~ 

NUMBER OF MAJOR SEPTA 

FIGURE 4.-Scatter diagram showing relation between corallite 

diameter and number of major septa in transverse sections 

of two lectotype corallites and nine paralectotype corallites 

of Dorlodotia subcaespitosa (Meek). Straight line connects 

measurements made on the principal lectotype corallite. 

convex in the axial region. On the left-hand side ·of 

the section, the tabulae slope into the cardinal fossula at 

an angle of about 30° from the horizontal. On the 

right-hand side of the section, the tabulae slope more 

steeply, on the order of 45° from the horizontal. Tabular shoulders adj~cent to the cardinal fossula are 

broadly rounded, whereas those on the opposite side 

of the corallite are relatively abrupt. In the columellate part of the corallite, the tabulae are complete and 

broadly tent shaped; they may be augmented by incomplete tabulae or tabellae at the axis of the oorallite. 

Globose tabellae occur sparsely on the flanks of some of 

the tabulae. Tabular spacing ranges from 0.5 to 2.0 mm 

but averages about 1 mm. The dissepimentarium 

ranges from 4 to 5 mm in width and consists of two to 

four rows of steeply inclined globose to elongate 

dissepiments of variable size. 

The septal microstructure has been altered by recrystallization. Several patterns illustrated by Kato 

(1963, text fig. 16 a, c, f) can be identified, but none of 

these are primary structures. 

Description of paraleototypes.-The paralectotypes 

consist of disassociated single cyHndrical oorallites and 

clusters of two to four cylindrical corallites. Although 

they are all similarly preserved and contain similar 

rock matrix, I cannot certainly determine whether they 

are fragments of the same corallum as the lectotype or 

represent more than one corallum. Most of the observations on the paralectotypes were made by means of 
REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC CORAL SPE,CIES E13 

polished transverse sections ( 1 section on each of 10 

corallites). These observations were supplemented by 

study of one longitudinal thin section (pl. 4, fig. 1) and 

one transverse thin section (pl. 4, Jig. 2) made from the 

largest a.nd best preserved corallite in the paralectotype 

lot. 

The scatter diagram (fig. 4) shows the variation in 

corallite diameter in relation to number of major septa 

in measurable paralectotypes as compared to the same 

parameters measured in the lectotype. These data 

indicate a maximum corallite diameter of 20 mm corresponding to a maximum major septal number of 36 in 

the type material. Columellate and acolumellate 

sectioJ;ls are also indicated on the diagram, illustrating 

the incidence of these features in random transverse 

sections. 

The paralectotypes show virtually the same internal 

features that are observed in the lectotype, with a few 

notable exceptions. In six of the transverse sections, 

no lonsdaleoid dissepiments were observed; lonsdaleoid 

dissepiments are also absent in the two daughter 

corallites of the lectotype (pl. 4, fig. 7). Nonlonsdaleoid corallites range from 9.2 to 17 mm in diameter and 

possess 24-33 major septa; all but 2 corallites in this 

group are 15 mm or less in diameter and have no more 

than 28 major septa. These datiL suggest that absence 

of lonsdaleoid dissepiments is e:itl,ler a pre .. adult feature 

or is associated with the periodic constriction of the 

eorallite. 

Two corallites in a cluster of three that make up one 

of the paralectotypes show a feature not observed in any 

of the other type specimens. In each of these corallites, 

one of the major septa in the counter quadrants is 

flanked by two unusually long minor septa. Symmetry 

considerations indicate that in each one, the major septa 

in question are merely counter lateral septa, not the 

counter septum. 

The ·longitudinal thin section of one of the paralectotypes (pl. 4, fig. 1) shows a thin discontinuous 

sinuous axial plate through most of the corallite. The 

tabulae are tented where the columella is present but 

flat where this structure is absent. Tabulae are somewhat more closely spaced than in the lectotype. 

Type looality.-The type material was collected by 

the Hayden Survey at a locality described by Meek 

( 1873, p. 4 70) as the "divide between Ross Fork and 

Lincoln Valley, Montana." Actually, the area referred 

to is in Idaho, not Montana as stated in Meek's report. 

The geology of the Ross Fork-Lincoln Valley divide 

is described in detail by Bradley ( 1873, p. 206-207). 

Meek ( 1873, p. 433-434) compared the associated fauna 

from the type locality with the well-known Spergen 

fauna of Indiana, which ·was at that time included in 

the St. Louis Limestone. 

Unfortunately the exact geographic location of the 

type locality is cloaked in mystery. Although Mansfield's ( 1920, pl. 3) geologic map of the Fort Hall 

Indian Reservation includes the Ross Fork-Lincoln 

Valley divide, Mansfield's mapping does not concur with 

many of Bradley's ( 1873, p. 206-207) statements on 

geographic distribution of the various stratigraphic 

units in this area. Meek's Spergen fauna unquestionably came from beds that Mansfield (1920, p. 35-36) 

included in the Brazer Limestone. Girty (in Mansfield, 

1927, p. 69-71) discussed this fauna at great length in 

his evaluation of the Brazer faunas of southeastern 

Idaho. According to Mansfield's map (1920, pl. 3), 

the Brazer crops out in two small areas on the Ross 

Fork-Lincoln Valley divide: on a hill in sec. 6, T. 4 S., 

R. 37 E., and on an east-facing slope in sec. 31, T. 4 S., 

R. 37 E., and sec. 6, T. 5 S, R. 37 E. However, Mansfield 

(1920, p. 36) stated that Girty attempted to rediscover 

Meek's locality but found "that the descriptions of the 

locality were inadequate and that the locality probably 

lay outside of the Ross Fork drainage basin and outside 

the limits of the [Fort Hall] reservation." 

Although the exact geographic location of the type 

locality is in doubt, the stratigraphic level is determinable within reasonable limits. Inasmuch as the 

term Brazer Limestone is no longer considered appropriate for the Upper Mississippian strata of southeastern Idaho (Sando and others, 1959, p. 2768), a new 

nomenclature has been proposed for those beds in the 

Chesterfield Range (Dutro and Sando, 1963b), approximately 25 miles southeast of the Ross Fork-Lincoln 

Valley divide area. Meek's (1873, p. 470) faunal list 

includes Zaphrenti8 stansburyi Hall, a coral which is 

now referred to the genus F aberophyllum. F aberophyllum is restricted to a zone tliat spans approximately 

the lower half of the Monroe Canyon Limestone of the 

Chesterfield Range Group. Large fasciculate lithostrotionoid corals similar to Dorlodotia subcaespitosa 

but apparently not conspecific and possibly not congeneric are abundant in beds immediately above and 

below the top of the massive limestone member of the 

Monroe Canyon Limestone. These beds are regarded 

as Late Mississippian (Meramec) in age. 

Foraminifera in the lectotype slides are indicative of 

a late Meramec age and support correlation with the 

Monroe Canyon Limestone (Betty Skipp, written 

commun., 1963). According to Skipp, the foraminiferal assemblage includes Endothyra cf. E. pseudoglobultts, E. cf. E. disca, E. scitula ~, and undetermined 

species of Tetrataxis, Earlandia, FoTschia~ and Tou1'-

nayella or Septatoumayella. Several elements of this 
E14 CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

assemblage occur in the Monroe Canyon Limestone of 

the Bancroft quadrangle, southeast Idaho. 

D-iscussion.-The name Oyathophyllum suboaespitosum fil'St appeared in a faunal list (Meek, 1873, p. 470). 

Meek ga.ve a superficial description of the species in a 

footnote on the same page, contrasting it with 0. oaespitosum Goldfuss and referring to his unpublished description and illustration of the species, which appeared 

in 1877 in a report on the survey of the 40th parallel. 

The type material was never illustrated or described in 

detail, and subsequent concepts of t:he species were based 

on Meek's (1877, p. 60, pl. 5, figs. 4, 4a, b) description 

and illustrations of a specimen from the White Pine 

District, Nev. Schuchert (1905, p. 191) erroneously 

listed the Nevada specimen (USNM 24545) as the holotype of Oyathophyllum suboaespitosum Meek. 

Meek's original material is clearly of Late Mississippian age and belongs to the genus Dorlodotia· Salee. 

The White Pine specimen, on the the otJher hand, is 

from the Ely Limestone of Early and Middle Pennsylvanian age and represents a species apparently related 

to the Pennsylvanian species of the Russian genus 

Orygmophyllu1n Fomichev. This specimen, identified 

herein as Orygmophyllum ~ whitneyi, is illustrated on 

plate 6, figures 6-11, in order that the reader can 

compare it with the type materiai of Dorlodot-ia 

8nboaespitosa. 

G. H. Girty used the name Oyathophyll?.tm suboaespitosum in various faunal lists from the M1ssissippian and 

Pennsylvanian of Idaho, Nevada, Utah, and New Mexico. I have studied most of the material upon. which 

Girty's identifications were based and conclude that none 

of the specimens belong in Meek's species. My findings are summarized as follows : 

1. Oyathophyll'ltm suboaespitos'ltm ~ Girty (in Umpleby, 1917, p. 30) is based on one specimen (USGS 

loc. 1141a) from the Mrssissippi·an of the Mackay 

region, Idaho. This spe.cimen has fewer major 

septa and smaller corallites than the types of D. 

suboaespitosa. Moreover, the absence of a columella in all parts of all corallites in the colony 

indicates that the specimen represents a species of 

Pseudodorlodotia Minato. 

2. Oyathophyllum suboaespitosum Girty (in Hewett, 

1931, p. 24) is based on specimens (US'GS locs. 

4218, 4219, 4220a, 4226) from the Bird Spring Formation, Goodsprings quadrangle, Nev. The material is Upper Mississippian not Pennsylvanian as 

listed. The specimens are all very poorly preserved. Most of them have smaller corallite diameters than the types of D. suboaespitosa and all 

specimens are acolumellate, indicating that they 

belong to Pseudodorlodotia Minato. 

3. Oyathophyllum suboaespitosumP Girty (in Westgate and Knopf, 1932, p. 22) is based on specimens 

(USGS locs. 5478, 5479, 5481) from the Bailey 

Spring Limestone (Mississippian and Pennsylvanian) of the Pioche District, Nev. The 

material consists of poorly preserved horn corals, 

most of which appear to belong to V esioulophyllwm Easton. 

4. Oyathophyllum suboaespitosum ~ Girty (in Nolan, 

1935, p. 22) is based on specimens ·(USGS locs. 

6344, 6364) from the Oquirrh Formation, Gold 

Hill District, Utah. The material may be Mississippian rather than Pennsylvanian as listed, and 

appears to belong to a species of Lithostrotion 

( Siphonodendron). 

5. Oyathophyllum suboaespitosum? Girty (in Loughlin and Koschmann, 1942, p. 20) is cited in a faunal 

list for the Madera Limestone (Pennsylvanian), 

Magdalena District, N. Mex. The identification 

is probably incorrect but it was not checked because 

I was unable to locate the specimens. 

Dorlodotia suboaespitosa is similar to D. arizelum 

( Crickmay) ( Crickmay, 1955, p. 11, pl. 1, figs. 5, 7; see 

also Nelson, 1960, p. 124, pl. 25, figs. 5-10), from the 

Mount Head Formation (Upper Mississippian) of Alberta, Canada. The two species have similar cora.Ilite 

diameters, numbers of major septa, cardinal fossulae, 

dissepimentaria, and major and minor septa. Meek's 

species is distinguished from the Canadian species by 

its short counter septum which is not continuous with 

the columeila, vertically discontinuous columella, and 

generally flatter tabulae. 

Dorlodotia suboaespitosa differs from D. inoonstans 

(Easton and Gutschick) (Easton and Gutschick, 1953, 

p. 20, 21, pl. 2, figs. 10-12), from Upper Mississippian 

beds in the Redwall Limestone of northern Arizona, 

by its larger corallites and larger maximum number 

of major septa. D. inoonstans also has a. narrower dissepimentarium with fewer and larger dissepiments and 

poorly differentiated cardinal and counter septa. 

D. suboaespitosa is undoubtedly related to some of 

the forms f.rom the Upper Mississippian of Utah and 

Canada that have been erroneously referred to Lithostrotion whitneyi by various authors. Meek's (1877, 

p. 58, pl. 6, figs. 1, la-c) specimens from Utah, upon 

which the erroneous concept of L. W'hitneyi was founded, are illustrated on plate 7. These specimens are 

readily differentiated from the types of D. suboaespitosa 

by their thick continuous columella that is commonly 

connected to the counter septum, dissepimentarium composed of only one or two rows of nonlonsdaleoid dissepiments, smaller maximum number of major septa 

(31), and smaller maximum corallite diameter (8.5 
REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC CORAL SPECIES E15 

mm). Sutherland's (1958, p. 93, pl. 31, fig. 3) specimen from British Columbia and Nelson's (1960, p. 123, 

pl. 25, figs. 1-4) specimens from Alberta are very similar to Meek's Utah material. On the other hand, specimens from Utah illustrated by Kelly (1942, p. 359, 

pl. 51, figs. 2, 5) and Parks ( 1951, p. 180, pl. 33, figs. 3-

5) under the name of L. whitneyi Meek may belong to 

a different species, which differs only slightly from D. 

subcaespitosa. These specimens have a maximum major septal number of 31-33 and a maximum corallite 

diameter of 12 or 13 mm, which is only slightly less 

than the types of D. subcaespitosa. The columella is 

thin and discontinuous and not connected to the counter 

septum. The dissepimentarium is weakly lonsdaleoid 

and consists of two to four rows of dissepiments. 

Genus ORYG][OPHYLLUK Fomichev 

1953. OrygmophyZlum Fomichev, p. 304-306. 

Type species.-Orygmophyllum convewum Fomichev 

(1953, p. 312-314, pl. 18, figs.lla-d, 12a, b, 13}. Upper 

Carboniferous ( 0 3 ), U.S.S.R. 

Diagnosis.-Solitary( ~) and fasciculate colonial corals with an impersistent weakly developed variable 

axial structure composed of an axial plate, septal 

lamellae, and tabellae. Tabulae flat to vesicular. · Dissepiments abundant, ordinarily of the regular and 

herringbone type. 

Orygmophyllum t whitneyi (White) 

Plate 5; plate 6, figures 6-11 

1875. Lithostrotion Whi.tneyi Meek. White, p. 103, pl. 6, figs. 

la-c (preprint of White's 1877 report). 

1877. [not] Lithostrotion Whitneyi Meek, p. 58, pl. 6, figs. 1, 

la-c. 

1877. Lithostrotion Whitneyi Meek. White, p. 103, pl. 6, figs. 

la-c. 

18T7. [not] Lithostrotioo Whitneyi. Hague in Hague and 

Emmons, p. 405. 

1877. Diphyphyllum suboespitosum. Hague in Hague and 

Emmons, p. 547. 

1877. Oyathophyllum subcaespitosum Meek, p. 60, pl. 5, figs. 4, 

4a, b. 

1878. Diphyphyllum subcespitosum. King, p. 208. 

1878. [part] Lithostrotion Whitneyi Meek. King, p. 181, 239, 

242, 245. 

1886. [not] Lithostrotion Whitneyi. Walcott in Diller, p. 11. 

1889. Lithostrotion whitneyi Meek. Miller, p. 194 (bibliographic citation). 

1898. [part] Lithostrotion whitneyi Meek. Weller, p. 330 (bibliograph citation). 

1900. [not] Lithostrotion whitneyi. Lindgren, p. 2. 

1905. [·part] Lithostrotioo whitneyi Meek. Schuchert, p. 369. 

1917. [not] Lithostrotion whitneyi. Girty in Umpleby, p. 29, 30. 

1920. [not] Lithostrotion whitneyi Meek. Girty p. 650, pl. 52, 

fig. 5. 

1926. [nat] Lithostrotion whitneyi Meek. Shimer, p. 26. 

1942. [not] LithOBtrotion whitneyi Meek. Kelly, p. 359, pl. 51, 

figs. 2, 5. 

1943. [not] Lithostrotion whitneyi Meek. Williams, p. 596. 

1944. [not] "Lithostrotion" whitneyi Meek. Shimer and Shrock, 

p. 89, pl. 26, figs. 4, 5. 

1945. [not] Lithostrotion whitneyi Meek. Williams and Yolton, 

p. 1146, 1148. 

1950. [part] LithostrofJion [Lithostrotionella] whitneyi (Meek). 

Bassler, p. 220 (bibliographic citation). 

1951. [not] Lith.ostrotion whitneyi Meek. 'Parks, p. 180, pl. 33, 

figs.~. 

1956. [not] Lithostrotion whitneyi Meek. Davis, p. 32, pl. 2, 

figs. 7, 8. 

1958. [not] Lithostrotion cf. whitneyi Meek, Sutherland, p. 93, 

pl. 31, fig. 3. 

1959. [not] Lithostrotion whitneyi Meek. Nelson, p. 21-25, 

fig. 1. 

1960. [not] Lithostrotion whitneyi Meek. Nelson, p. 123, pl. 25, 

figs. 1-4. 

1960. [not] Lithostrotion cf. L. whitneyi Meek. Langeuheim 

and Tischler, p. 115, figs. lOa-c. 

1961. [ndt] Lith.ostrotion whitneyi Meek. Nelson, p. 25, 26, 33; 

pl. 16, figs. 6, 7 ; pl. 20, figs. 3, 4. 

1961. [not] Lithostrotion (Siphooodendron) whitneyi Meek. 

Sando in Ross, p. 224. 

Type material.-The syntype lot consisted of two 

specimens cataloged under USNM number 8480. 

The specimen figured by White (1875, pl. 6, fig. la) 

is here designated lectotype and given the new USNM 

number 144774. White polished one side of this specimen in order to study longitudinal sections. Two corallites on the polished face are the sources of White's 

figures lb and lc. 

The other syntype, not figured by White, is regarded 

as a paralectotype and is given the new USNM number 

144775. B3$ler made one transverse and two longitudinal thin sections, mounted on a single slide, from this 

specimen. 

Description of lectotype.-This specimen (pl. 5, figs. 

1 and 2) is a fragment of a dendroid corallum approximately 6 by 4.5 by 7.5 em. The size and shape of the 

complete corallum are unknown. Budding by lateral 

increase is common (pl. 5, fig. 8). Spacing between 

corallites is extremely variable, ranging from less than 

1 mm to 16 mm. 

Internal features were studied by means of tV'iO transverse and four longitudinal thin sections (pl. 5, figs. 

3-9). The corallites range from 5.5 to 14.0 mm in 

diameter and contain 16-27 major septa in 12 corallites 

in the transverse sections studied (fig. 5) ; this variation 

in diameter and septal number is principally ontogenetic, the smaller corallites having the fewer septa. 

The major septa are generally thin and slightly sinuous 

and occupy%-% of the radius of the corallum. They 

are slightly dilated in the tabularium. An off-center 

longitudinal section of one of the corallites (pl. 5, fig. 3) 

indicates that the major septa are vertically discontinuous ( amplexoid) in the tabularium. Minor septa 

are thin and sinuous and as much as half as long as the 
E16 CONTRIBUTIONS 

I I I T I I I I I I 

en 13 t- •• - a:: 

w 

1-

w 

:2: f- • • -

...J 

:::::i • ~ llr- -

~ 

ci fw 

1-

w 9r- :2: • <( 

0 • w 1- - 1-

:::::i 

...J 

<( n- - a:: 4 0 •• (.) 1- -

5 I I I I I I I 1 I I 

16 18 20 22 24 26 

NUMBER OF MAJOR SEPTA 

FIGURE 5.-Sca,tter diagram showing relation between corallite 

diameter and number of major septa in 12 coraUites of the 

lecttotype of Orygmophyllurn? whitneyi <'Vhite). 

major septa. Both major and minor septa are rarely 

interrupted by lonsdaleoid dissepiments in the peripheral region of the corallite. The cardinal septum is 

slightly shorter than the other major septa but does not 

occupy a distinct fossula. The counter septum is invariably long and is continuous with the axial plate 

of the columella when the latter is present. One or 

both of the minor septa on either side of the counter 

septum are comm'only longer than neighboring minor 

septa. 

The dissepimentarium may be absent locally or as 

much as 3 mm in width (ordinarily a little less than 

half the radius) a11d, where present, consists of one to 

five (ordinarily four) rows of globose to elongate dissepiments (as seen in longitudinal section). The dissepiments are mostly regular or herringbone types; 

lonsdaleoid dissepiments are scarce and may be 

associated with budding. 

The structure of the tabularium is extremely variable. 

Where the columella is absent or weakly developed, 

the tabulae are flat or slightly convex upward and 

have nearly straight to down-turned margins. The 

marginal shoulders in these forms are ordinarily 

rounded, and the tabulae commonly rest on u~1derlying 

tabulae. Where a strong columella is present, the 

tabulae may be complete and tent shaped or the entire 

tabularium may be composed of incomplete tabulae and 

axial tabellae. Tabulae are most commonly spaced 

about 1 mm apart. 

_Tl~e ~olu_m~lla is impersistent and extremely variable 

w1~lun Individual corallites. In some parts of the coralhte there may be no columella. Elsewhere a thin . . ' sinuous ax1al plate connected to the counter septum is 

TO PALEONTOLOGY 

developed. In smne corallites, the axial plate appears 

to be simply the axial end of an amplexoid counter 

septum developed discontinuously on successive tabulae. 

A more complex axial structure is commonly produced 

by the introduction of steeply inclined axial tabellae . 

The most con1plex axial structure consists of two to 

four septal lamellae in addition to the axial plate and 

tabellae. 

Transverse thin sections show an interesting and unusual septal microstructure in parts of the corallum 

where silicification has not obliterated fine details. In 

many septa the medial plane is marked by a series of 

dark horseshoe-shaped or hairpin-shaped structures 

whose closed ends are directed toward the axis of the 

corallum. In other septa the medial plane is characterized by two parallel dark dashed lines, possibly the 

result of destruction of the closed ends of the horseshoes. 

In both types, most of the c.alcite that makes up the 

septum is fibrous and the fibres are arranged more or 

less normal to the axial plane. Although this phenomenon deserves further study, I am inclined to regard 

it as a function of recrystallization. Such patterns 

might be produced by the development of centers of 

recrystallization· along the dark medial septal line that 

characterizes many rugose corals. This interpretation 

is supported by the presence of a solid dark medial line 

in some septa near their junction with the wall of the 

corallum. 

Type locality.-According to White (1875, p. 103), 

the type material was collected from "strata of the 

Carboniferous period; Fossil Hill and Ice Creek,. 

Steptoe Valley, White Pine County, Nevada." 

Ice Creek is shown on sheet 49 of the topographic. 

atlas published by the \Vheeler Survey (Wheeler, 1876). 

The creek flows eastward down the east flank of the 

Egan Range and enters Steptoe Valley at a point about 

15 miles south of Mineral City (now called Ely). I 

have not found the name Ice Creek on recent maps of 

the area, but con1parison of Wheeler's map with the 

U.S. Geological Survey Ely quadrangle map (1: 125,000 

series, 1952 edition) indicates that \Vheeler's Ice Creek 

is probably the stream no\v called Willow Creek. The 

bedrock within the drainage area of Willow Creek is of 

Pennsylvanian and Permian age, assigned to the Ely 

and Arcturus Limestones and to the Rib Hill Formation 

of Pennebaker ( 1932) by Langenheim and others ( 1960, 

fig. 2). Wilson and Langenheim.'s ( 1962, text fig. 3) 

Charcoal Ovens seetion illustrates the Pennsylvanian 

and Permian sequence in the Willow Creek area. 

A thorough search of the maps and reports published 

by the Wheeler Survey failed to reveal the location of 

the Fossil Hill locality referred to by White. However, rt:he name appears on Spencer's (1917, pl. 2) 
REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OORAL SPECIES E17 

geologic map of the Ely quadrangle and on the Ely 

quadrangle topographic map, 1952 edition. On these 

maps, the name is used for a hill located in SW1;4, sec. 

14, T. 16 N., R. 62 E., about a mile southeast of Ruth, 

Nev. Inasmuch as this locality is very close to the 

route taken by several parties of the Wheeler Survey, it 

seems reasonable to assume that it is the one referred 

to by White. Fossil Hill is made up of complexly 

faulted Pennsylvanian and Permian rocks, including 

outcrops of the Ely, Rib Hill, and Arcturus Formatio~s 

(Langenheim and others, 1960, fig. 2). 

White's two syntypes are not separately identified as 

to 'locality. The paralectotype is a specimen of Durhamina cordillerensis (Easton) which is very similar 

to the small corallite forms that are abundant at the 

base of the Arcturus Limestone (Zone 2 of Easton, 1960, 

p. 573) in the Ely district. A stratigraphic position 

at the base of the Arcturus is also indicated by the presence of Schubertella king·i (identification by L. G. 

Hen best) in a thin section of the paralectotype. Schubertella kingi was reported from the basal Arcturus 

in the Ely area by Wilson and Langenheim ( 1962, 

p. 501. Other foraminifers found in the matrix of 

the paralectotype are Spandelinoides sp., Endothyra 

sp., and Globivalvulina sp. Henbest interprets the 

foraminiferal assemblage as definite Early Permian. 

The lectotype probably was collected from the Ely 

Limestone, inasmuch as similar corals have not been 

found in other formations in the Ely area. The rock 

matrix of the lectotype contains a foraminiferal assemblage consisting of Earlandia aff. E. perparva Plummer, 

sedentary cornuspirids, and Bra.dyina sp. ( identifications by L. G. Hen best). According to Henbest, these 

forms range from Mississippian to Early Permian and, 

consequently, neither confinn nor deny identification of 

the rock as Ely Limestone. 

Thus, the available evidence suggests that the lectotype was derived from the Ely Limestone of Pennsylvanian age but does not indicate whether the specimen 

was collected at Fossil Hill or the Ice Creek locality. 

Dismtssion.-In 1875, C. A. White published a preprint of a report on invertebrate fossils collected by the 

Wheeler Survey which was later combined with Cope's 

report on the vertebrates and published in 1877 as 

Volume IV of the Wheeler Survey Reports. Among 

the specimens studied by White were colonial corals 

from the Carboniferous of White Pine County, Nev., 

which he described and illustrated under the heading 

of Lithostrotion ~ohitneyi Meek, citing a manuscript by 

Meek as reference for the name. Because Meek's manuscript was not published until 1877, the original usage 

of the specific name must be credited to White's 1875 

preprint, and the concept of Lithostrotion whitneyi 

must be based on White's Nevada material. Lithostrotion whitneyi White pertains to a coral of probable 

Pennsylvanian age whose affinities are with the Russian 

genus Orygmophyllum Fomichev, whereas Lithostrotion 10 hitneyi Meek, based on 1naterial from the Upper 

Mississippian of Utah, belongs with the group of corals 

now referred to Siphonodendron McCoy. Unfortunately Meek's usage of the name was perpetuated by 

all subsequent authors. 

The paralectotype of White's species (pl. 6, figs. 1-5) 

is actually a characteristic example of Durhamina 

cordillerensis (Easton). Although available evidence 

does not indicate which of the two possible geographic 

localities was the source of this specimen, its Early 

Permian age and oocurrence in the lower part of the 

Arcturus Limestone are confidently established (see 

discussion on type locality above). On the other hand, 

the age and stratigraphic level of the lectotype, as well 

as the geographic location of its source, cannot be established with certainty. Attempts to find comparable 

corals from eastern Nevada have met with limited success. I have seen only three specimens that may be 

conspecific with the lectotype: ( 1) Meek's ( 1877, p. 60, 

pl. 5, figs. 4, 4a, b) Oyathophyllum subcaespitosum 

was collected near the old mining camp of Swansea in 

the White Pine District, Nev. Hague's (1870, pl. 14) 

geologic map of the White Pine District shows a small 

outlier of Carboniferous limestone just north of Swansea. Hague's Carboniferous limestone is now included 

in the Ely Limestone of Pennsylvanian age. The specimen (USNM 24545) described and illustrated by Meek 

from this locality is shown herein on plate 6, figures 6-

11, for comparison with the lectotype of Orygmophyllum? whitneyi. (2) The coral that Coogan,1 (p. 22:) 

list8d as 0 aninostrotion sp. A appears to belong with 

the Orygmophyllum? whitneyi group, judging from 

photographs that Coogan sent me. Coogan's specimens 

are from his Millerella m.arblensis-Stafella ewpansaOaninostrotion sp. A faunizone in the Bird Spring 

Formation at Kane Springs Wash, sec. 33, T. 9 S., 

R. 64 E., Lincoln County, Nev. The specimens are 

from units 66 and 67 of Coogan's stratigraphic section. 

According to Coogan, the coral horizon is of Early 

Pennsylvanian (Morrow) age. Coogan (p. 56, 57) also 

recorded these corals in units 57, 79, and 81 in the Bird 

Spring Formation of his Arrow Canyon section, sec. 12, 

T. 13 S., R. 64 E., Clark County, Nev. Coogan identified this faunizone in the lower and middle parts of the 

Ely Limestone in the Ely Basin. (3) A specimen col1 Coogan, A. H., 1962, Early Pennsylvanian stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and sedimentation of the Ely Basin, Nevada: Illinois Univ. 

unpub. Ph. D. thesis, 88 p., 2 pls., 26 figs. 
El8 CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

lected by Arnold Brokaw in 1960 is the only fasciculate 

colonial coral that he had found in the Ely Limestone 

of the Ely district at the time. The material is from 

USGS loc. 20938-PC in sec. 8, T. 14 N., R. 63 E., 

White Pine County, Nev. 

Orygmophyllum? whitneyi is evidently an uncommon 

element in the Pennsylvanian faunas of eastern Nevada. 

The exact geographic locality of the lectotype is unknown. The probable age and stratigraphic position 

of the lectotype have been established only by comparison with a few specimens of similar forms. The fragmentary specimen upon which the species is based does 

not permit an adequate characterization of the species 

nor a decisive determination of its taxonomic affinities. 

In view of the widespread incorrect usage of the naJUe 

whitneyi for a different concept, it might be wise to 

simply allow the name to lapse. Consequently, I recommend that the species name be regarded as a nomen 

dubium that should not be used unless the species is 

soundly established on supplementary material from 

the area of the type locality. 

The specimens (USNM 144799 and 144800, formerly 

USNM 24546) that formed the basis for Meek's (1877) 

usage of Lithostrotion whitneyi are herein illustrated 

on plate 7 so that the reader may compare them with 

White's specimen. The morphology of Meek's specimens suggests reference to Siphonodendron McCoy, 

which I am using ·as a subgenus of Lithostrotion Fleming. Material referred to Lithostrotion whitneyi Meek 

by various authors (see synonymy) includes a wide 

variety of Upper Mississippian forms actually referable 

to Siphonodendron McCoy, Dorlodotia Salee, and 

Pseudodorlodotia Minato. No new species to include 

these forms are proposed in this paper because existing 

specimens are too imperfect and their locality data too 

vague to provide an adequate basis for new taxonomic 

units. 

Family AULOPHYLLIDAE 

Subfamily AltiYGDALOPHYLLINAE 

Genus FABEROPHYLLUl'rl Parks 

1951. Faberophyllurn Parks, p. 177. 

Type species.-Faberophyllum oceultum Parks (1951, 

p. 177-178, pl. 31, figs. 1 a, b, 4 a, b; pl. 32, figs. 3 a, b). 

Upper Mississippian, Utah. 

DiagnosiB.-Solitary, large moderately curved, trochoid to subcy lindrical corals, with numerous septa 

tending toward radial symmetry except near the prominent closed cardinal fossula where they are pinnately 

arranged; dissepimentarium wide; tabulae incomplete; 

axial structure varying among species from a complex 

of one or more lamellae and tabellae, to no axial 

structure and sagging tabulae (Parks, 1951, p. 177). 

Faberophyllum stansburyi (Hall) 

Plate 8, figures 1-9; plate 9 

1852. Oyathophyllum. Stansbury, p, 173, 196. 

1852. Faphrentis stansb1vrii Hall, p. 408, pl. 1, figs. 3a, b. 

1852. Faphrentis? multilamellata Hall, p. 408, pl. 1, fig. 2. 

1858. [not] Zaphrentis stan.sbwryi Hall. Marcou, p. 52, pl. 7, 

fig. 7. 

1860. Zaphrentis Stan.sbUJ·yi Hall. Milne-Edwards, p. 347. 

1860. Zaphrentis? multilamella Hall=Z. Stansburyi Hall. 

:Vlilne-Edwards, p. 347. 

1873. [ ?] Zaphrentis Stan.sburyi Hall ( ?) . Meek, p. 470. 

1877. [ ?] Zaphrentis multilamella Hall. Emmons in Hague and 

Emnwns, p. 465. 

1877. [ ?] Zaphrentis Starnsburyi Hall. Emmons in Hague and 

Emmons, p. 385, 465, 600. 

1877. [ ?] Zaphrentis multilamella Hall. Hague in Hague and 

Emmons, p. 458, 460. 

1877. [ ?] Zaphrentis Starnsburyi Hall. Hague in Hague and 

Emmons, p. 404, 423, 460. 

1877. ZaphrenUs? multilamella Hall? Meek, p. 53, pl. 6, figs. 4, 

4a, b. 

1877. [ ?] Zaphrentis? Stan.'fburii Hall? Meek, p. 54, pl. 6, figs. 3, 

3a-c. 

1878. Zaphrentis multilamella Hall. King, p. 199. 

1878. [ ?] Zaphrentis Statisburyi Hall. King, p. 181, 199, 239, 

242, 245, 255. 

1889. Zaphrentis multilamella Hall. 1Miller, ·p. 209 (bibliographic citation). 

1889. Zaphrentis stan.sburyi Hall. Miller, p. 210 (bibliographic citation). 

1898. Zaphrentis multilamella Hall. Weller, p. 648 (bibliographie ·citation and synonymy). 

1898. Zaphrentis stan.sburyi Hall. Weller, p. 649 (bibliographic citation and ·synonymy). 

1900. [ '!] Zaphrentis stansburyi Hall. Knight, pl. 3, fig. 4. 

1905. Zaphrentis·? multilwmella Hall. Schuchert, p. 703 (b~bliographic citation). 

1905. Zaphren.tis? multilamella Hall. 1Schuchert, p. 704 (bibliographie citation). 

1905. Zaphren.Us stan.sburyi Hall. Schuchert, p. 704 ('bibliographic citation). 

1905. [ ?] Zaphrentis? stansburii Hall? Schuchert, p. 704, bibliographic eit·ation). 

1917. [ ?] Zaphrentis multilamella? Girty in Umpleby, p. 29. 

1917. [?] Zaphrentis stan.sburyi? Girty in Umpleby, p. 29, 30. 

1920. [ ?] Zaphrentis s·t·ansburyi Hall. Oirty, pl. 52, fig. 1. 

1920. Zaph.renUs? multilamella Hall? Girty, pl. 52, figs. 2, 2a. 

1929. [ ?] Oyathophyllum? multilamella. Girty in Mansfield, 

p.25. 

1941. [ ?] Zaphrentis multilamella? Girty, in Richardson, p. 23. 

1943. [ ?] Zaphrentis stansburyi Hall. 'Williams, p. 596. 

1945. [ ?] Zaphrenti.rs stansbU1·yi Hall. Williams and Yolton, 

p. H 46, 1148. 

1950. Zaphrentis multilwmella Hall. Bassler, p. 220 (bibliographic cit·ation). 

1950. Zapht·entis stansburyi Hall. Bassler, p. 220 (bibliographic citation). 

1951. Zaphrentis? multilamellata Hall. Parks, p. 171. 

1951. Zaphrentis stansbu.rii Hall. Parks, p. 171. 

Type rnaterial.-The syntype lot consisted of four 

specimens cataloged under USNM number 15055. The 

incomplete specimen figured by Hall ( 1852, pl. 1, fig. 
REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC CORAL SPECIES E.19 

3b) , presumably from the Cloth Cap locality, is here 

designated paralectotype and given the new USNM 

number 144771. 

A more complete specimen, not illustrated by Hall, 

from Flat Rock Point is chosen as lectotype and given 

the new USNM number 144770. 

The two additional specimens, one of which was 

figured by Hall ( 1852, pl. 1, fig. 3a) are too immature 

and imperfect for generic and specific determination. 

These are retained under the original syntype number, 

USNM 15055. 

Description of lectotype.-This speci1nen (pl. 8, figs. 

1 and 2) is a free trochoid corallum that has a calicular 

angle of approximately 50°. The tip of the corallum 

was broken off at a diameter of about 15 mm but the ' corallum is quite clearly curved in the cardinal-counter 

plane, and the cardinal position is on the convex side. 

Most of the calice rim has been broken away but enough 

remains to establish a calice depth of about 15 mm. 

The observed length of the corallum (incomplete) is 

approximately 35 mm. The maximum diameter, 

measured at the top of the calice is about 40 mm. 

The youngest transverse section (pl. 8, fig. 4), cut at 

approximately 4 mm above the imperfect lower extremity of the corallum, has a diameter of 19 mm. At this 

stage, 47 radially arranged dilated major septa extend 

to the axial region of the corallum, where their attenuated axial ends are slightly deflected in a counterclockwise direction and join a columella. The columella is 

ovate in cross section ( 1.5 by 2.5 mn1 in diameter) , 

oriented at a slight angle to the cardinal-counter plane, 

and appears to be composed of a single dilated sinuous 

axial plrute. The cardinal septum extends halfway to 

the axis of the corallum and is in a long, narrow fossula, 

which extends to the axis and is slightly inflated at its 

axial terminus. The fossula is bounded by fibro-lamellar deposits of stereoplasm plastered against the axial 

ends of the major septa. The counter septum is slightly 

shorter than the other major septa. Minor septa are 

approximately one-third the length of the major septa. 

A diffuso-trabecular septal microstructure is well preserved in this section. 

A transverse peel section (pl. 8, fig. 5) made at approximately 15 mm above the imperfect lower extremity of the corallum has a diameter of about 29 mm and 

has 66 major septa. Major and minor septa are much 

thinner than in the previous section. The cardinal 

septum is now very short; the counter septum is about 

the same relative length as before. Minor septa are 

approximately half the length of the major septa. The 

columella is approximately circular in cross section and 

2.0 mm in diameter and although its internal structure 

is somewhat obscure, there is evidence of open areas 

within it. 

A transverse section (pl. 8, fig. 6) cut 2 mm above 

the preceding section has a diameter of 33 mm and has 

70 major septa. This section was cut virtually at the 

floor of the calice. With the exception of the columella, 

most of the internal features are similar to those of 

the previous sections. The solid columella of previous 

sections is here replaced by an axial complex of intertwined plates, whose traces on the plane of section 

are sinuous. The cardinal septum remains very short 

and in a narrow pronounced fossula. The counter septum, although not in a fossula, is well n1arked by being 

conspicuously shorter than adjacent major septa. The 

dissepimentarium consists of six to eight rows of regular 

dissepiments confined to the zone of minor septa. 

A longitudinal section (pl. 8, fig. 3) was cut in the 

cardinal-counter plane between the upper two transverse sections. This section shows four to six series 

of elongate dissepiments inclined pa·rallel to the epitheca 

of the corallum. Tabulae, not well displayed in the section, appear to be discontinuous and mostly horizontal 

but inclined away from the columella. The axia] 

complex is made up of tabulae and septal lamellae. 

Description of paralectotype.-This specimen (pl. 8, 

figs. 7-9) is a free decorticated silicified corallum lacking the entire left counter quadrant. The observed 

length of the corallum is a.bout 40 mm, but the rim of 

the calice is not preserved. The maximum diameter, 

measured nea.r the floor of the calice, is approximately 

31 mm. The calicular angle is approximately 45 °. 

Silicified structural elements are well displayed at 

the naturally etched floor of the calice in this specimen. 

Although the corallum is incomplete, the estimated septal complement is 70 major septa at a corallum diameter 

of 31 mm. The axial region of the corallum is occupied 

by a complex axial structure similar to that seen in the 

latest transverse section of the lectotype. The tabulae 

slope away from the axial complex. 

Type 8pecimens of Zaphrentis multilamellata Hall.-

The original syntype lot of Z. ·multilamellata consisted 

of two specimens cataloged under USNM number 15054. 

The incomplete specimen from Flat Rock Point figured 

by Hall ( 1852, pl. 1, fig. 2) is here designated lectotype 

and given the new USNM number 144772. Hall's unfigured specimen from Cloth Cap is designated 

paralectotype and now bears USNM number 144 773. 

The .lectotype (pl. 9, figs. 8 and 9) consists of the 

right half of a corallum approximately 40 mm long 

(incomplete) that has a maximum diameter of 43 mm, 

measured near the top of the calice. The calicular 

angle is between 50° and 60°. 
CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

A longitudinal section (pl. 9, fig. 10) cut from this 

specimen is close to the cardinal-counter plane. However, this section is slightly oblique, so that the lower 

half is to one side of the axial plane. Evidence for a 

solid axial plate in the earlier stages is ambiguous, but 

the section clearly shows the complex axial structure of 

later stages. The axial structure is manifested in the 

calice as an axial boss which projects 5 mm above the 

calicular floor. The tabularium consists of numerous 

incomplete vesieular tabulae slightly inclined from the 

axial complex. 

The paralectotype (pl. 9, figs. 6 and 7) is a decortic.ated, partly silicified eorallum having a calicular angle 

of about 45°. The corallum is curved in the cardinalcounter plane and the cardinal side is convex. Most 

of the lo·wer part of the corallum was broken off at a 

diameter of approximately 18 mm. The observed 

length of the corallum (incomplete) is approximately 

45 mm. The caliee is about 20 mm deep. The maximum diameter, measured at the top of the calice, is 

36mm. 

I ha.ve cut four transverse sections and one longitudinal seetion from this specimen. The transverse 

sections (pl. 9, figs. 1-4) show 51 major septa at a diameter of 23 min and 58 major septa at diameters of 

30, 32, and 36 mm. Internal features displayed 

by these sections and the longitudinal section (pl. 9, 

fig. 5) arevirtually the same as those seen in the lectotype of Zaphrentis stansburyi. However, the paralectotype of Z. multilarnellata has fewer major septa at 

approximately the same corallum diameter (58 at a 

diameter of 32-36 mm vs. 70 at a diameter of 33 mm. 

The paralectotype of Z. mult-ilamellata has an axial 

structure like that seen in the intermediate transverse 

section (pl. 8, fig. 5) of Z. stansburyi. 

The observed differences bet.ween the types of Z. 

multilmnellata and Z. stansburyi are within my concept 

of the expectable limits of individual variation for a 

species. Therefore, I regard Z. ·multilamellata as a 

junior synonym of Z. stansburyi. 

Type locality.-Hall (1852, p. 408) listed three localities for Zaphrentis stansburyi: Stansbury Island, 

Cloth Cap, and Flat Rock. An old label pasted on the 

lectotype reads "from debris of Flat rock pt." One of 

the specimens figured by Hall ( 1852, pl. 1, fig. 3a) is 

similarly designated. The paralectotype is not labeled; 

this specimen is presumably frmn Cloth Cap, because 

it is very similar in preservation and general aspect to 

the paralectotype of Zaphrentis multila·mellata which 

is so labeled. The lectotype of Z. multiZamellata, although unlabeled, is presumed to be from Flat Rock 

Point because it compares favorably in preservation 

and general aspect with the lectotype of Z. stansburyi. 

Thus, Stansbury Island seems to be unrepresented in 

the collections. 

Flat Rock Point is described by Stansbury ( 1852, 

p. 172-173) and is on his rna p of the Great Salt Lake. 

According to Stansbury, the specimens were collected 

from loose blocks of dark fine-grained limestone on 

the shore of the small cove just south of the point. The 

area at the mouth of North Canyon near the NE. cor. 

see. 15, T. 7 N., R. 6 W., Box Elder County, Utah, shown 

on Olson's ( 1956, fig. 11) preliminary geologic map 

of the Promontory Range, best fits Stansbury's description of the type locality. According to Olson (unpub. 

data, 1961) the hills immediately surrounding the cove 

are composed of rocks of Cambrian to Devonian age. 

Therefore, the most likely source of Hall's specimens 

is the area of Mississippian rocks at the head of North 

Canyon, approximately 2 miles from the shore of the 

cove. Olson originally assigned these rocks to the 

Madison Limestone but now (unpub. data, 1961) re· 

gards them as Great Blue(?) Formation. Collections 

from the headlands of North Canyon referred to me 

for study by Olson contain corals that I regard as 

conspecific with Hall's material. 

The Cloth Cap locality is not marked on Stansbury's 

map, but Stansbury's (1852, p. 195-196) description of 

the locality indicates that Cloth Cap is the first prominent peak at the north end of the mountain range south 

of Strong's Knob, on the west side of the Great Salt 

Lake. The peak marked with altitude of 4,985 feet on 

the U.S. Geological Survey Brigham City quadrangle 

map (1: 250,000 series, 1962 eel.), about 2 miles southwest of Lakeside, Box Elder County, Utah, would seem 

to be the most logical choice for the Cloth Cap locality. 

The corals were collected from very fossiliferous limestone aJt the summit of this peak. Although no geologic maps including the type locality have been 

published, corals of the F aberophyllum stansbu.ryi type 

have been reported from the Great Blue Formation in 

the southern part of the Lakeside Mountains, approximately 25 miles south of the type area (Young, 

1955, p. 32). 

Discussion.-The poor preservation, paucity of specimens, and laek of precise stratigraphic position of the 

original type material (including that of both Zaphren· 

tis stansburyi and Z. multilamellata) make it very 

difficult to construct a realistic species concept. Moreover, Hall's specimens are all short trochoid coraila 

that lack a cylindrical stage. Inasmuch as the presence 

of a cylindrical stage is characteristic of the genus 

Faberophyllum, these specimens may represent merely 

the early stages of the species. 

Among the collections referred to me for study during 

R. H. Olson's investigation of the geology of the Prom-
REVIrSION OF SOME PALEOZOIC GORAL SPE•CIES E21 

ontory Range are several suites of corals collected from 

the area of Mississippian rocks in the headlands of 

North Canyon. At least some of these are probably 

topotypes, inasmuch as the lectotypes of Zaphrentis 

starnsb'ltryi and Z. multilarnellata were probably derived 

from this area. Approximately a dozen specimens are 

from three localities in the drainage area of North 

Canyon. These specimens compare very favorably with 

Hall's types in size, shape, ·septal number, and nature 

of the columella. None of the specimens attain a 

cylindrical stage. 

Two of Olson's collections are from the drainage area 

of Miller Canyon, immediately north of North Canyon, 

and two additional collections are from an area that 

drains into the Boothe Valley, on the east side of the 

Promontory Range. Although these ~ollections cannot 

be regarded as rigorously topotypic, they are of some 

interest because ~hey may represent approximately the 

same stratigraphic level as the types. Sixteen specimens are present in the collections. Twelve of these 

specimens, all fragmentary coralla, have a cy lindrica] 

stage and attain a length of as much as 140 mm. 

Although the earliest stage of development is not seen 

in most of these specimens owing to imperfect lower 

extremities, the axial structure compares favorably with 

the types in later stages. However, there is considerable 

variation in the rate of expansion of the corallmn, the 

maximum diameter in the cylindrical stage, and the 

maxi1ntim number of major septa. In the cylindrical 

stage, the maximum observed variation is from a coral· 

lum 36 mm in diameter that has 69 major septa to a 

corallum 50 mm in diameter that has 92 major septa. 

The lack of precise stratigraphic data makes it impossible to evaluate the significance of the observed 

variations. The area is complexly faulted, and Olson 

informs me that he was unable to determine the relative 

stratigraphic positions of the various collections. Inasmuch as I cannot confidently determine the limits of 

the species, I am restricting the species name to the 

abbreviated coralla represented by Hall's types, the 

topotypes from the North Canyon drainage, and Meek's 

(1877, p. 53, pl. 6, figs. 4, 4a, b) specimen from Strong's 

Knob. 

Although I have not seen the specimen that Marcou 

(1858, p. 52, pl. 7, fig. 7) referred to the species, his 

illustrations indicate that the specimen is probably not 

even congeneric with the types. Most of the other 

citations of the species in my synonymy (exclusive of 

bibliographic references) occur in faunal lists pertaining to various locaJities in the Mississippian of Utah, 

Nevada, a,nd Idaho. Meek's (1877, p. 54, pl. 6, figs. 3, 

3a~) specimens (USNM 24541) from Box Elder Peak, 

Utah, cannot be referred unequivocally to the species 

765-.321 0-65--3 

because of the reasons stated above. Similarly, Girty 's 

(in Umpleby, 1917, pl. 29, 30) specimens (USGS locs. 

537, 545, 546, 1138, 1141a) from the Mackay region, 

Idaho, are also provisionally referred to the species. 

In view of the difficulties in establishing practical limits 

for the species, decisions as to the identity of various 

specimens referred to the species must be deferred until 

new taxa are established on better type material. 

The morphology of the later stages of the type speci · 

mens of Zaphrentis stansburyi place it unquestionably 

in the genus F aberophyllwm Parks. The discovery of a 

solid styliform columella in the earlier stages of Hall's 

species is an important contribution to our knowledge 

of the genus. Parks ( 1951, p. 175) proposed the genus 

Ekvasophyllum for corals that differ from Faberophyllwm principally by having a solid styliform columella 

in the mature stages. Both genera were erected on ma.-

terial in which the earlier growth stages are not preserved. However, Parks was able to construct a phylogenetic sequence from Ekvasophyllum to F aberophyllum based on the stratigraphic occurrence of mature 

forms. The type specimens of Faberophyllwm statnsburyi Hall, which include early stages not present in 

Parks' material, support Parks' interpretation of the 

phylogeny. · 

When Pa;rks proposed the genus Faberophyllum, he 

recognized five species, all based solely on mature 

(cylindrical) growth stages. Because F. stansburyi 

Hall may represent only the early trochoid phase of 

a cylindrical form, I cannot establish its exact relationships to any of Parks' species. Lack of complete type 

specimens is a serious deterrent to the identification of 

Park's species. 

Family CYATHOPSIDAE 

Genus CANINIA Michelin in Gervais 

1840. Oaninia Michelin in Gerv·ais, p: 485. 

1844. Siphonophyllia Soouler in McCoy, p.187. 

;1.850. Oyathopsis d'Orbigny, 'P· 105. 

1904. Pseudozaphrentoides ;Stuckenburg, p. 90-91. 

1924. Peetzia Tolmaehev, p. 309. 

1939. Oaninia Michel:in. Hill, p. 105-106. 

1944. Oaninia Michelin. Easton, p. 123-124. 

Type speoies.-Oaninia co,rnucop·iae Michelin (in 

Gervais, 1840, p. 485). Lower Carboniferous, Belgium. 

Diagnosi-S.-Trochoid to scolecoid solitary corals 

having amplexoid major septa in mature stages. Cardinal fossula variably developed and variable in position 

with respect to curvature of corallum. Tabulae well 

developed, ordinarily complete, flat axially but turned 

down at margins. Dissepimentarium vertically discontinuous in some species, variably developed in others, 

composed of regular, herringbone, or lonsdal~oid 

dissepiments. · 
E22 CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

Discttssion.-The diagnosis given above reflects the 

broad definition commonly given to this genus (Hill, 

1939, p.105-113; Easton, 1944, p.123-124). HiH (1939, 

p. 10~ 104) segregated the species into several groups 

which may ultimately be recognized as genera or subgenera when a comprehensive study of Oanitnia is 

undertaken. The species described below have a dissepimentarium composed of lonsdaleoid as well as nonlonsdaleoid dissepi1nents. Inasmuch as the distinction 

between the Oaninia cylindrica species group and the 

Oaninia juddi species group is based largely on the 

lonsdaleoid vs. nonlonsdaleoid nature of the dissepimentarium, an unequivocal reference to either group cannot be made. 

Caninia excentrica (Meek) 

Plates 10-12 

1873. Zaphrentis ewcentt·ica Meek, p. 468. 

1875. [not] Zapllrentis ewcentrica Meek. White, p. 101, pl. 6, 

fig. 3a. 

1877. Zaphr'entis ewcentrica. Hague in Hague and Emmons, 

p. 404. 

1877. Zaphrentis ewcentrica Meek, p. 52, pl. 4, figs. 1-1d. 

1877. [not] Zaphrentis ewcentrica Meek. White, p. 101, pl. 6, 

fig. 3a. 

1878. Zaphrentis ewcentrica. King, p. 181, 238, 239, 244. 

1889. [part] Zaphrentis ewcentrica Meek. Miller, p. 209 

(bibliographic reference). 

1898. [part] Zaphrentis ewcentrica Meek. Weller, p. 647 (bib· 

liographic reference). 

1905. [part] Zaphrentis ewcentrica Meek. Schuchert, p. 703 

(bibliographic reference). 

1917. [not] Zaphrentis ewcentrica? Girty in Umpleby, p. 30. 

1920. Zaphrentis ewcentrica Meek. Girty, pl. 52, fig. 4. 

1931. [ ?] Zaphrentis ewcentrica. Girty in Hewett, p. 28. 

1943. Zaphrentis ewcentrica Meek. Williams, p. 596. 

1945. [ ?] Oaninia juddi (Thomson). Sloss, p. 311, pl. 48, 

figs. 1-4. 

1945. Zaphrentis ewcentrica Meek. Williams and Yolton, 

p. 1146, 1149. 

1951. [ ?] Oaninia sp. A. Parks, p. 181, pl. 29, figs. 6a, b. 

1951. [ ?] Oaninia sp. B. Parks, p. 182, pl. 29, figs. 7a, b. 

1959. [not] Oaninia ewcentrica (Meek). Duncan in Crittenden. 

p. 71, 72. 

1963b. Oaninia cf. 0. ewcentrica (Meek). Sando in Dutro and 

Sando, p. 197 4, 1982. 

Type mater£al.-Meek's original material, cataloged 

in May, 1882, was apparently overlooked or lost when 

Schuchert and his colleagues ( 1905) published their 

catalog of type specimens of fossil invertebrates that 

are in the U.S. National Museum. Schuchert (1905, p. 

703) erroneously listed Meek's Utah specimens as. 

cotypes of the species. The actual type material from 

Montana was rediscovered in 1961 in a drawer in one of 

the old offices of the U.S. Geological Survey in the U.S. 

National Museum. These specimens agree 'cvith Meek's 

( 1873, p. 468, footnote) diagnosis and are accompanied 

by a label written by Meek's hand. 

The syntype lot consisted of 13 specimens cataloged 

m1der USNM 11664. Four of these are identified as 

Zaphrentites cf. Z. spi.nulosa (Milne-Edwards and 

Haime) and have been segregated from the type lot 

under USNM 144 792. The specimen now cataloged 

under USNM 144791 is here chosen as the lectotype of 

0 anini a excentrica. The paraleetotypes, unfigured, are 

retained under USNM 11664. 

The species concept has been fortified by study of 

approximately 30 well-preserved topotypes from USGS 

locality 17498-PC collected in 1957 by me and J. B. 

Hadley. Figured topotypes are cataloged under 

USNM 144 793-144 796. The remaining unfigured topotypes have been retained in the collections of the U.S. 

Geological Survey under USGS locality 17498-PC. 

Description of lectotype.-This specimen (pl. 10, 

figs. 4-6) consists of a slightly crushed decorticatBd 

mature coraUum. The measured length is about 10.5 em 

frmn the top of the calice to the imperfect tip of the 

corallum. The corallum is moderately curved in the 

cardinal-counter plane, and the cardinal side .is convex. 

Maximum dia1neter is approximately 10 em, measured 

at the top of the calice, which 'vas at least 6 em deep. 

The ealicula.r angle is approximately 70°. Longitudinal ornamentation consists of rom1ded interseptal 

ridges and sharp septal grooves. Transverse ornamentation consists of fine growth lines ( 2 per mm) and 

broad irregular rugae spaced 2-4 mm apart. 

A transverse section (pl. 10, fig. 2) cut 8 mm above 

the imperfect tip of the corallum shows approximately 

40 major septa at an alar diameter of approximately 

26 mm. Septa of the cardinal quadrants are well 

preserved in this section by virtue of their strong dilation, whereas those of the counter quadrants have been 

largely crushed. The cardinal septmn is about threefourths the length of the other rna j or septa and is in a 

poorly defined fossula. 

A transverse section (pl. 10, fig. 3) cut 45 mm above 

the tip of the corallum shows about 60 major septa at 

an alar diameter of approximately 66 mm. Approximately the central half of the corallum is occupied by 

the septum-free tabularium, which in this specimen 

has been broken and filled in by matrix. The peri pheral half of the corallum is occupied by septa and 

dissepiments. In the counter quadrants, the dissepimentarium is divided into three zones of approximately 

equal width. The peripheral zone consists of major 

and minor septa that project inward from a thin epitheca and are combined with regular and herringbone 

dissepiments. The peripheral zone is succeeded by an 

intermediate zone of lonsdaleoid dissepiments where the 

septa, if present at all, a.re represented only by short 

discontinuous crests on some of the dissepiments. In 
REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC CORAL SPE•CIES E23 

the inner zone, major septa are again continuously developed and dissepiments are of the herringbone and 

regular types, confined to the interseptal loculi. Cardinal quadrants are characterized by the same tripartite 

division, but the inner zone is much broader than it is 

in the counter quadrants, and the major septa are dilated 

in this zone. The cardinal septum is moderately long 

and is in a moderately well defined fossula whose axial 

terminus is bounded by tabular traces. 

A longitudinal section (pl. 10, fig. 1) cut in the cardinal-counter plane between the two transverse sections 

described above illustrates features of the tabularium 

and dissepimentarium. The tabulae are very thin and 

slope into the cardinal fossula at an angle of about 

45 ° from the horizontal. The dissepiments are steeply 

inclined, small and globose at the periphery, but mostly 

large and elongate in the inner parts of the 

dissepimentarium. 

The septal microstructure IS di:ffusotrabecular and 

has fibro-lamellar dilation. 

Description of paralectotypes.-The paralectotypes 

are slightly crushed coralla exhibiting mainly the same 

features seen in the lectotype. Two of the paralectotypes are mature coralla approximately the same size 

and shape as the lectotype. The remaining specimens 

are immature forms that have a maximum diameter of 

50 mm or less and a length not exceeding 8 em. The 

coralla are all slightly curved in the ca.rdinal-counter 

plane, and the cardinal side is convex. Calicular angles 

in the mature specimens range from about 40° to 60°, 

and calices are as much as 6 em deep. Septal complements at several stages in one of the paralectotypes are 

plotted in figure 6 along with data from the lectotype 

and topotypes. 

Description of topotypes.-The topotype coralla are 

mostly mature specimens rather strongly curved in the 

cardinal-counter plane, and their cardinal sides are 

convex and somewhat flattened. In some of the speciInens, the cardinal-counter plane is twisted through an 

angle of as much as 90° with respect to the plane containing maximum curvature. The calicular angle for 

most of these specimens ranges frmn about 40° to 65 °. 

A few cor·alla are principally straight cones that have 

flaring calices producing a calicular angle of as much 

as 78°. Rejuvention is evident in the late stages of 

smne of the larger specimens. The maximum alar diameter of the largest specimens is 10.6 em. Measured 

length is as much as 13.5 em. Calices are as much as 

6 em deep. Characteristic exterior and calicular features are wen illustrated by the etched specimen shown 

on plate 11, figures 1-3. This specimen has a broad 

scar of attachment near the tip. Septal complements 

at various alar diameters in nine topotypes are plotted 

80 

75 • 

I EXPLANATION 

0 

Lectotype 0 

65 • Para • • leCtotype 

• en 60 • Topotype 0::: 

LLJ 

1-

LLJ • 55 :2: 

::::i 

...J 

~ 50 

~ 

c:::"' 

LLJ • 1-

LLJ 

:2: 

<( 

25 

0::: 

<( 

...J 

<( 

30 35 40 45 

NUMBER OF MAJOR SEPTA 

FIGURE 6.-Scatter diagram showing relation between alar 

diameter and number of major septa by means of 20 measurements on 11 specimens of Ga;ninia ea:centrica (Meek). 

Straight lines connect measurements made on the same 

specimen. 

in figure 6 along with similar measurements made on 

the lectotype and a paralectotype. This graph does 

not include the maximum number of major septa, which 

could not be counted at the top of the calice in the 

largest specimens. . 

Thin sections· of the topotypes serve to. Illustrate 

characteristic features of the species better than the 

primary type material owing to less pronounced crushing of internal structures. Although the e~rliest gro~th 

stages are not preserved in any of the spemmens studied, 

serial transverse sections (pl. 12, figs. 1-6) of a young 

individual illustrate internal features from an alar 

diameter of approximately 10-33 mm. These sections 

exhibit a breviseptal stage throughout the part of the 

corallum represented. Septa of the cardinal quadrants 

are dilated, whereas those of •the counter quadrants are 

very thin. Tl1e cardinal septum is short and is in an 

ill-defined fossula. Dissepiments first become evident 
E24 CONT'RIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

at a stage represented by 43 1najor septa at an alar 

diameter of 19 mm. 

Transverse sections (pl. 12, figs. 7 and 8) of another topotype illustrate characteristic internal features 

of the mature corallum. The dissepimentarium consists of a broad zone of lonsdaleoid dissepiments between 

two na.rrow zones of herringbone and regular dissepiments. The dissepimentariun1 may occupy as much 

as half the radius of the corallum, although it is notably 

constricted at the points of septal insertion (cardinal 

and alar positions). The central tabularium is approximately rhomboid in transverse section, and has an acute 

cardinal angle and a broadly rounded counter side. 

Short major and minor septa are present in the narrow 

peripheral zone of the dissepimentarium. The major 

septa are represented by sporadic crests on some of the 

lonsdaleoid dissepiments and their axial extensions protrude for short distances into the tahularium. Major 

septa of the cardinal quadrants are strongly dilated ; 

those in the counter quadrants are thin. The cardina·l 

septum is short and is in a moderately well defined 

fossula. 

A longitudinal section (pl. 11, fig.4) cut in the 

cardinal-counter plane of another topotype shows other 

features of the dissepimentarium and tabularium. The 

tabulae are complete and incom·plete, generally horizontal, but ranging from flat to slightly concave or convex 

and turned down at the cardinal side of the corallum. 

The tabular plates are very thin, 0.1-0.2 mm in thickness, 

and variably spaced from less than1 mm to as much as 6 

mm apart. Dissepiments on the cardinal side of the 

corallum are small, globose, and steeply inclined. On 

the counter side of the corallum, the dissepiments are 

steeply inclined at the inner and outer sides of the dissepimentarium but become more nearly horizontal in the 

intermediate zone. Inner and outer parts of the dissepimentarium are characterized by small globose 

dissepiments, whereas the intermediate (lonsdaleiod) 

zone consists of large elongate dissepiments. 

Type locaiity.-Meek's specimens were collected on 

"Old Baldy" 1nountain which is at the head of Alder 

Gulch, famous for its placer gold, south of Virginia 

City, Mont. The locality is described briefly by 

Hayden (1873, p. 64) in his report on the expedition 

of 1872. Meek ( 1873, p. 434) recognized Chester and 

pre-Chester equivalents in the faunas collected from 

Old Baldy. 

It was my good fortune to visit the area of the type 

locality in 1957 with J. B. Hadley, who was at that 

time mapping the Varney quadrangle. The name 

Baldy Mountain is now applied to the 9,600-foot promontory at the culmination of an eastwa.rd-trending ridge 

and a northwestward-trending ridge at the head of 

Alder Gulch in the Gravelly Range. Baldy Mountain 

proper is made up of rocks which belong to the Mission 

Canyon Limestone, but younger rocks mapped as Big 

Snowy Group by Hadley (1960) crop out at the head 

of Arasta Creek on the southeast flank of a large cirque 

bounded by the high ridges. A stratigraphic section 

including the Big Snowy Group was measured here in 

NE%, sec. 35, T. 7 S., R. 3 W., Madison County, Mont. 

A bed cohtaining abundant 0 aninia excentrica was 

found in the upper part of a 20-foot cherty limestone 

unit that occurs approximately 430 feet above the top 

of the Mission Canyon Limestone. Specimens collected 

at this locality are virtually identical in morphology, 

preservation, and matrix to Meek's types. Consequently, I regard the specimens collected in 1957 as topotypes. Associated brachiopods indicate that the tapatypes occur in strata of Late Mississippian (Middle 

Chester) age (Dutro anq Sando, 1963a, p. 94). 

Discussion.-Meek (1873, p. 468) founded this species 

with a footnote diagnosis appended to a. faunal list 

for a collection made in Montana. The original type 

material was then evidently misplaced until rediscovered during the present study. Subsequent concepts 

of the species were based on Meek's ( 1877, p. 52, pl. 4, 

figs. 1-1d) illustrations and description of a specimen 

from Utah, which Schuchert (1905, p. 703) incorrectly 

listed as a cotype. 

The lectotype, paralectotypes, and topotypes described and illustrated in the present paper provide 

an excellent basis for the species concept. . Judging 

fron1 this material, the species is characterized by its 

large curved rapidly expanding trochoid corallum 

having the cardinal septum generally on the convex 

side, broad tabularium approximately rhomboid in 

eross section, septal dilation confined to the cardinal 

quadrants, and dissepimentarium composed of a lonsdaleoid zone between inner and outer zones of herringbone and regular dissepiinents. 

Oan·inia nevadensis (Meek) (1877, p. 60, pl. 5, figs. 3-

3b) and Oaninia enormis Easton (1945,. p. 524, figs. 3-7) 

differ from 0. excentrica by their smaller calicular 

angle and their cylindrieal eorallum at maturity. A 

discussion of the relationships of these similar taxa 

is given elsewhere in this paper under the heading of 

Oaninia ne·oadensis. Although future studies may 

prove that the three species are merely variants of a 

single biologic unit, present evidence favors continued 

separation. 

I have found several recorded occurrences of Oaninia 

excentrica that I regard as incorrect identifications of 

the species. White (1875, p. 101, pl. 6, fig. 3a) illustrated and described a specimen (USNM 8464) from 

Fossil Hill, Nev. This specimen, illustrated herein 
.REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OORAL SPECIES E25 

for comparison (pl. 13, figs. 1-6), appears to be a 

decorticated example of Gaminia trojarna Easton ( 1960, 

p. 574, text figs. 2-4) and probably was derived from 

beds of Pennsylvanian age (Easton, 1963). A specimen 

from the Mississippian of the Mackay region, Idaho 

(USGS loc. 1145-PC) assigned questionably to the species by Girty (in Umpleby, 1917, p. 30) is a large horn 

coral of uncertain affinities, definitely not Ganinia ewcentrica. Girty's (in Hewett, 1931, p. 28) specimen 

from the Bird Spring Formation, Goodsprings quadrangle, Nevada (USGS loc. 4260B-PC) is a large horn 

coral of approximately the right size and shape for G. 

ewcentrica, but complete destruction of internal details 

by recrystallization 1nakes generic and specific determination impossible. Duncan's (in Crittenden, 1959, p. 71, 

72) usage of the na.me refers to a large suite of specimens 

from an Upper Mississippian blac.k shale unit in the 

western Uinta Mountains, Utah (USGS loc. 10390-

PC). These specimens differ from the types of 0. 

ewcentrica by their weakly colonial habit, ordinarily 

nonlonsda.Ieoid dissepimentarium, narrower tabularium, 

and smaller maximum diameter. 

The presence of Ga,ninia ewcentrica has been confirmed at several localities in Utah and Idaho. A 

specimen (USNM 24539) from the Upper Mississippian 

at Boxelder Peak, Utah, was correctly referred to the 

species by Meek ( 1877, p. 52, pl. 4, figs. 1-1d). This 

specimen, which shows strong ~juvenation in the calice, 

is illustrated herein (pl. 12, figs. 9-13) for comparison 

with the types. The species hts been recorded in the 

Upper Mississippian at Dry L~ke, Utah, a few miles 

from the Boxelder Peak locality, by Williams (1943, 

p. 596) and Williams and Yolton (1945, p. 1146, 1149). 

Although I have not examined Williams' material, 

specimens (USGS locs. 15178, 15179-PC) collected by 

Mackenzie Gordon, Jr., from the same locality compare 

very favorably with the types and are here included in 

the species. Parks' ( 1951, p. 181, 182, pl. 29, figs. 6a, 

b, 7a, b) Ganinia sp. A and Oaninia sp. B from the Dry 

Lake section, although based on fragmentary and 

probably immature specimens, may also belong in the 

species. A large suite of specimens from the Monroe 

Canyon Limestone of the Chesterfield Range, southeast 

Idaho (USGS locs. 18715,18718, 18'719'-PC), which was 

provisiona'lly identified previously (Sando in Dutro and 

Sando, 1963h, p. 1982) is now confidently assigned to the 

species. The specimen that Sloss ( 1945, p. 311, pl. 48, 

figs. 1-4) described and illustrated under the heading 

of Oaninia juddi (Thomson) may belong in G. ewcentrica, but I have not examined this material and could 

not determine all the species characters from S'loss' 

paper. 

Attention has been drawn recently to the widespread 

occurrence of Oatninia in beds of Late Mississippian 

(Chester) age in the northern Cordilleran region 

(Parks, 1951, p. 183; Duncan in Crittenden, 1959, p. 72; 

Dutro and Sando, 1963a, p. 94; Dutro and Sando, 1963b, 

p. 1974). The known occurrences of Oaninia excentrica 

are confined to this Upper Mississippian zone. At 

present two other species of Oaninia, 0. ne·vaderj,sis and 

0. enormis are ·recognized in the zone. Because these 

species are both rather similar to C. excentrica, future 

studies should be directed toward establishing the range 

of variability in the species in order to determine 

whether they are actually distinct. 

Caninia. nevadensis (Meek) 

Plate 13, figures 7-11 

1877. Oyathophyllum (OampophyUum?) Nevadense Meek, p. 60, 

pl. 5, figs. :>-ab. 

1877. Oyathophyllurn N evadensis. Hague in Hague and 

Emmons, p. 405. 

1878. Oyatlwphyllum Nevadensis. King, p. 181. 

1878. Oya.thophyllum ( Oampophyllum) Nevadensis Meek. 

King, p. 239, 244. 

1889. Oyathophyllurn nevadense Meek. Miller, p. 182 ( bibliographic reference). 

1898. Oyathophyllum nevadense Meek. Weller, p. 204 (bibliographic reference). 

1005. Oya1thophyllum ( Oarrnpophyl~um.?) nevadense Meek. 

!Schuchert, p. 191 (bibliographic reference). 

1920. Oyathophyllu;rn nev·adense Meek. Girty, p. 650, pl. 52, 

fig. 3. 

1943 [ ?] Oarnpophyllum Nevadense? Girty in Calkins and 

Butler, p. 28. 

1944. Oaninia nevadensis (Meek). Easton, p. 124, figs. 1a, b. 

1950. Oaninia nevadensis (Meek). Bassler, p. 219 (bibliographic reference). 

1959. [ ?] Oaninria nevadensis (Meek). Duncan in Crittenden, 

p. 72. 

1961. [ ?] Oamnia nevadensis (Meek)? Duncan in Tooker 

and Roberts, p. 25. 

Type material.-The species was founded on a single 

specimen, the holotype, cataloged under USNM 24544. 

The original specimen illustrated as Meek's (1877, pl. 5) 

figure 3 was evidently partly destroyed by the author 

of the species in order to examine internal details. All 

that remained when I examined the material wa.s the 

upper half of the specimen. This was broken longitudinally lby Meek and half of the specimen was illustrated as his figure 3a. I cemented the broken halves 

together in order to make transverse thin sections. 

Description of holotype.-ThPJ fragmentary corallmn 

(pl. 13, figs. 10 and11) is seemingly nearly cylin~rical, 

expanding from a diameter of 38 mm to a ma.x1mum 

diameter of 52. 5 mm in an observed length of 70 mm. 

Judging from Meek's ( 1877, pl. 5, fig. 3) illustratio~, 

this specimen was originally about twice as long as 1t 

is now, and the corallum was strongly curved. The 

cardinal side is convex. 
E26 CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

Two transverse sections (pl. 13, figs. 7 and 8) cut 50 

and 60 mm below the top of the calice show internal 

features of the mature eorallum. These sections show 

49 and 50 major septa at diameters of 43 and 44 nun, 

respectively. In both sections, the septa of the cardinal 

quadrants are dilated, whereas those of the counter 

quadrants are undilated. The cardinal septum is 

short and is in a moderately well defined fossula. 

The counter septum is also shorter than neighboring 

major septa. Minor septa are confined to the peripheral 

region of the corallum. The dissepimentarium composes approximately a third to half the radius of the 

corallum and consists of an inner zone of herringbone 

and regular dissepiments, an intermediate zone of 

lonsdaleoid dissepiments, and an outer zone of regular 

and herringbone dissepiments. 

A longitudinal section (pl. 13, fig. 9) cut .in the 

cardinal-counter plane shows only a few thin tabulae 

( 6 in 5 nun), but there is evidence that many tabulae at 

higher levels in the corallum were removed during or 

before deposition of the enclosing sediment, so that the 

calice appears deeper than it actually was. The tabulae 

are mostly flat and horizontal and have slightly 

down-turned edges. The dissepiments are globose to 

elongate and steeply inclined. 

The septal microstructure is diffu$otrabecular and 

has fibrolamellar dilation. 

Type locality.-The type locality as stated by Meek 

( 1877, p. 60) is: "Boxelder Peak, Wasatch Range, 

Utah; Carboniferous." The locality is described briefly 

by Hague (in Hague and Emmons, 1877, p. 404405). 

According to Williams ( 1948, p. 1126), ~oxelder Peak 

marks the highest point of Wellsville Mountain, an 

altitude of 9,355 feet. Although there are no published 

geologic rna ps of the area including Boxelder Peak, the 

species listed by Hague (in Hague and Emmons, p. 404, 

405) are the same as those found in the "Brazer" Limestone as mapped by Williams and Y olton ( 1945) at Dry 

Lake in the Logan quadrangle, approximately 5 miles 

southeast of the peak. Inasmuch as Oaninia is 

restricted to Williams and Y olton's units 4 and 5 of the 

Dry Lake section, the type material of C aninia 

nevadensis was probably collected from the same strata 

on Boxelder Peak. According to Willia~s and Y olton 

(1945, p. 1149-1150), their units 4 and 5 of the "Brazer', 

Limestone are of Late Mississippian (Chester) age. 

Discussion.-The exact relationship of C aninia 

nevadensis to two contemporaries, C. eweentriea Meek 

and C. enormis Easton, remains to be determined. 

Although the three taxa are very similar, the available 

type material does not permit a final decision as to 

whether they are conspecific or merely closely related 

species. 

Oaninia enormis Easton (1945, p. 524, figs. 3-7) was 

founded on material collected from the Big Snowy 

Group (Otter Formation equivalent) at Lombard, 

Mont. My know ledge of this taxon is based on studies 

of the primary type lot, which consists of 39 mostly 

fragmentary and immature individuals, and a suite of 

36 topotypes collected at the precise stratigraphic level 

and geographic location of the primary types. 

Several misconceptions concerning the morphology 

and growth habit of C aninia enormis need 'clarification. 

Although Easton ( 1945, p. 526) did not find lonsdaleoid 

dissepiments in the type material, many of the mature 

specimens in the primary type lot as well as the topotypes show a lonsdaleoid zone between outer and inner 

nonlonsdaleoid zones in the dissepimentarium. The 

transverse sections, including those of the holotype, 

illustrated by Easton represent immature stages. According to Easton (1945, p. 524) the cardinal side of 

the corallum is convex in this species. My study of the 

primary types revealed that the cardinal side is convex 

on the holotype and six paratypes but concave on four 

paratypes. Moreover, on three topotypes the cardinal 

side is concave and on one topotype the cardinal septum 

is 90° from the plane of curvature. Many of the specimens are vermiform or uncurved so that the cardinal 

position cannot be related to curvature of the corallum. 

I conclude that C aninia enormis is characterized by a 

cardinal position that is variable with respect to curvature of the corallum. Easton ( 1945, p. 524, 526, 528) 

also emphasized the presumed colonial tendency of this 

species. Two etched silicified paratypes are cemented 

together near their tips and along a distance of 4 em 

higher in the corallum, but I can find no evidence of 

skeletal 'confluence and regard this phenomenon as the 

result of silicification. A block of matrix contains 

several immature individuals lying in a parallel position, but other individuals in the same block are in 

various positions at large angles to the parallel ones. 

Moreover, the topotypes show no evidence of colonial 

habit. I conclude that a colonial habit remains to be 

conclusively demonstrated in 0 aninia enormis. 

The holotype of 0 aninia nevadensis falls well within 

the limits of variation seen in the type lot of Caninia 

enormis with regard to both internal and external 

morphology. Figure 7 shows the close correspondence 

in the ratio of alar diameter to number of major septa 

in the two taxa. However, I am reluctant to regard 

C. enormis as a junior synonym of 0. nevadensis because the latter is known only from a single specimen, 

which does not permit an evaluation of the variability 

of Meek's species. A final decision concerning the exact 

relationship of the two taxa must await a study of 

topotype material of C. nevadensis. 
REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC CORAL SPECIES E27 

(/) 

0:: 

LLJ 

1--

LLJ 

~ 

3 35 

~ 

z 

-_ 30 0:: 

LLJ 

1--

LLJ 

~ 

<( 

0 

0:: 

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_J 

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15 

10 

EXPLANATION 

Caninia enormis 

0 

Holotype 

• Paratype 

A 

Topotype 

Caninia nevadensis 

Holotype 

20 25 

NUMBER OF MAJOR SEPTA 

45 50 55 

FIGURE 7.-Scatter diagram showing relation between alar diameter and number of major septa by means of 13 measurements 

on 8 specimens of Caninia enormis Easton and 2 measurements 

on the holotype of Caninia nevadensis (Meek). Straight 

lines connoot measurements made on the same specimen. 

0 aninia ewcentrica (Meek) pertains to curved conical 

rapidly expanding ( calicular angle ordinarily 45°-

700) coralla having an internal morphology like that of 

Oaninia nevadensis. 0. nevadensis and 0. enormis 

differ from 0. ewcentrica only by the form of the corallum, which is narrowly expanding ( calicular angle 

generally 3!bout 30°) in early stages and cylindrical 

in later stages. In spite of this difference in the form of 

the corallum, specimens of 0. nevadensis and 0. enormis 

show similar trends in the ratio of alar diameter to 

number of major septa (compare figs. 6 and 7). Neither the primary type lot nor the topotype collection 

of 0. ewcentrica contain cylindrical forms. In the absence of accessory type material, the presence of rapidly 

expanding coralla at the type locality of 0. nevadensis 

has not been established. Consequently, present evidence favors continued separation of these two similar 

taxa. 

Specimens questionably referred to OaTIJinia nevade·n8is by Girty (in Calkins and Butler, 1943, p. 28) from 

USGS locality 3982a-PC, Humbug Formation, Cottonwood quadrangle, Utah, and by Duncan (in Tooker and 

Roberts, 1961, p. 25) from USGS locality 16329-PC, 

Oquirrh Formation, Oquirrh Mountains, Utah, are too 

fragmentary and immature for specific identification. 

Genus FAVIPRYLLUM Hall 

1852. FaviphyUum? Hall, p. 407. 

1889. Faviphyllum. Miller, p. 187. 

1940. Faviphyllum Hall. Lang, Smith, and Thomas, p. 60. 

Type species.-Faviphyllum~ rugosum Hall (1852, 

p. 407, pl. 1, figs. 1a, b). Lower Mississippian, Utah. 

Diagnosis .-Conico-cy lindrical solitary corals having 

major septa which may or may not reach the axis of the 

corallum but do not unite to form an axial structure. 

Septal plan may be radial or septa may be arranged 

bilaterally with respect to cardinal-counter plane. 

Tabulae concave or bowl shaped. Dissepimentarium 

composed mainly of lonsdaleoid dissepiments. 

Discussion.-Hall described a single species under 

the heading of F aviphyllum ~ The genus was neither 

described, diagnosed, nor discussed. Neither the generic name nor the specific name has ever been applied to 

specimens other than Hall's types. The presence of a 

question mark after the generic name in the original 

citation adds to the ambiguity of Hall's intent in using 

the name. The possibility that F aviphyllum is merely 

a lapsus for F avosites Lamarck seems unlikely because 

in his discussion Hall (1852, p. 408) pointed out features 

which differentiated his coral from Favosites. Lang, 

Smith, and Thomas ( 1940, p. 60) regarded F av-iphyllum 

as a nomen nudum. Their reasoning was based on the 

interpretation that the species was only doubtfully referred to the genus and hence could not serve as type 

species by monotypy. Therefore, the genus was without a type species and the generic name must lapse. 

It seems extremely unlikely to me that Hall ·would 

questionably refer his new species to his own new genus. 

I can conceive of no logical reason for taking such an 

action, even at a time when the system of zoological 

nomenclature was in its infancy. Therefore, I dq not 

agree with the interpretation of Lang, Smith, and 

Thomas that Faviphyllum is a nomen nudum. Instead, 

I offer two alternative interpretations: ( 1) F aviphylhun was proposed as a provisional genus; this interpretation is consistent with taxonomic practice of 

Hall's time, when taxonomic relationships were much 

more poorly known than they are today; or, (2) The 

question mark following the generic name is a typographical error; this interpretation is supported by the 

appearance of the name without a question mark in 

the index to Stansbury's report, and by the fact that 

there are numerous editorial discrepancies in Hall's 

paper. In either case, it seems to me that the generic 
E2.8 CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

name meets the criteria of availability stated in Chapter IV of the International Code of Zoological 

Nomenclature (1961). 

In spite of the availability of Faviphyllwn as a generic name, there are cogent reasons for invalidating it. 

Aside from the original reference, this name has boon 

published only in compilations such as those cited in 

the present synonymy. No specin1ens other than the 

type specimens of the type species have been referred to 

it. Although the type material is poorly preserved and 

fragmentary, the type species exhibits generic characters which link it unquestionably with Vesiculophyllum 

Easton, a well-estrublished and widely used genus. If 

Faviphyllwm Hall; 1852, were regarded as a valid generic name, it would preoccupy VeB'iculophyllttm Easton, 1944. Inasmuch as F aviphyllum. is based on limited 

and poorly preserved material of uncertain stratigraphic position and the name has not been used in the 

primary zoological literature for more than a hundred 

years, I Gan find no logical reasons for retaining it in 

the taxonomic hierarchy. Therefore, I have petitioned 

the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to suppress Faviphyllum Hall under the provisions of Article 79 of the International Code of 

Zoological Nomenclature ( 1961). 

"Faviphyllum rugosum" Hall 

Pla!te 14, figures 1-9 

185,2. [ ?] Favosites, St·ansbury, p. 211. 

1852. Faviphyllum? -rugosum Hall, p. 407, pl. 1, figs. 1a, b. 

1898. Faviphyllum? rugosum Hall, Weller, p. 271. 

1905. Fat"iphyllum? -rugosum Hall, Schuchert, p. 268. 

1940. Faviphyllum? [sic] -rugosum Hall. Lang, Smith, and 

Thomas, p. 00. 

1950. Faviphyllum rugosum Hall. Ba·ssler, p. 220. 

Type material.-The syntype lot consisted of the two 

specimens illustrated by Hall and cataloged under 

USNM number 15056. I have chosen the specimen 

illustrated by Hall (1852, pl. 1, fig. 1b) as lectotype and 

given it the new USNM number 144768. 

Hall's other specimen was partly destroyed by Bassler, who made three longitudinal sections and one 

transverse section from it. The specimen, now regarded 

as paralectotype, has been given the new USNM 

number 144769. 

Description of lectotype.-This specimen (pl. 14, figs. 

5 and 6) is a decorticated silicified mainly cylindrical 

cora.llum approximately 90 mm long. Neither the tip 

of the corallum nor the top of the calice is preserved. 

The corallum expands from a diameter of approxiInately 20 mm at its imperfect lower extremity to a 

maximum observable diameter of approximately 3;) mm. 

Rejuvenation occurs approximately 50 mm above the 

lower extremity. 

A transverse section approximately 20 mm in diameter cut 7 mm above the lower extremity (pl. 14, fig. 2) 

shows 33 thin slightly sinuous major septa arranged 

mostly radially with respect to the axis of the corallum. 

This is not the true septal complement because one sector of the corallum is not preserved in this section. 

Neither cardinal, counter, nor alar septa can be identified. Minor septa are not present. Straight to inwardly 

convex intercepts of regular dissepiments occur in the 

intersepta~l loculi. No lonsdaleoid dissepiments were 

noted, but their absence at this stage cannot be confirmed, because an undeterminable amount of the outer 

corallum is not preserved. A septum-free axial zone 

occupies approximately one-fourth the diameter of 

the corallun1. The axial zone is bounded by concentric 

tra.ces of incomplete tabulae, interrupted in places by 

the axial ends of some of the major septa, which 

project into the tabularium. 

In a transverse section approximately 25 mm in maximum diameter cut 25 mm above the lower extremity of 

the corallum (pl. 14, fig. 3), only about half· the lumen 

is preserved. Twenty-one major septa (approximately 

half of the true septa complement) can be observed in 

this section. As in the previous section, the major 

septa are thin and somewhat sinuous, and the primary 

septal elements cannot be determined. The septal pattern is difficult to determine owing to the incompleteness of the section, but there is evidence of palmate 

groupings of three or n1ore septa. The major septa 

extends almost to the axis of the corallum so that the 

open axial zone of the previous section is no longer evident. The major septa terminate peripherally against 

a zone of large lonsdaleoid dissepiments whose true 

width cannot be determined owing to the absence of 

preserved epitheca. Minor septa are absent. 

A transverse section about 35 mm in maximum diameter cut 45 mm above the lower extremity of the corallmn (pl. 14, fig. 4) presents a pattern of internal 

elements similar to that of the preceding section. However, the septa now appear to be somewhat regularly 

arranged with respect to an axial plane of bilateral 

sym1netry. Approximately two-thirds of the lumen is 

preserved in this section. Thirty-two major septa can 

be seen in the incomplete section. Minor septa were 

not observed. The lonsdaleoid dissepimentarium is 

about twice as wide as in the prev-ious section, but the 

true width of this zone is indeterminate owing to 

incomplete preservation. 

A longitudinal section cut between the second and 

third transverse sections described above (pl. 14, fig. 1) 

shows a dissepimentarium approximately 13 mm wide 

and an axial tabularium 9 mm in diameter. The dissepiments are large, elongate, and steeply inclined. The 
REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC OORAL SPECIES E29 

tabulae are incomplete and generally bowl shaped; they 

are flat or concave in the axial region and steeply inclined peripherally, where they tend to merge with the 

dissepiments. 

Septal microstructure has been obliterated by 

recrystallization. 

Description of paralectotype.-The preservation of 

this specimen is similar to that of the lectotype. J udging from Hall's illustration (1852, pl. 1, fig. 1a), it 

consisted of a fragmentary cylindrical corallum approximately 65 mm long and 25 mm in maximum diameter. 

Only the lower 30 mm of the specimen remained intact 

when I examined it. 

Two transverse sections, one cut 11 mm above the 

lower extremity of the corallum (pl. 14, fig. 7) and the 

other cut 28 mm above the lower extremity (pl. 14, 

fig. 8) , ·reveal an internal structure similar to that seen 

in the lowest transverse section of the lectotype (pl. 14, 

fig. 2). These sections exhibit 37 major septa at a 

maximum diameter of 12 mm and 38 major septa at 

a maximum diameter of 15.5 mm. The septa in the 

lower section are slightly dilated and wedge-shaped. 

In both sections, the axial zone is virtually open, and 

only a few septa project into the tabularium. Lonsdaleoid dissepiments are not evident, but their absence 

cannot be confirmed owing to decortication. The major 

septa are mainly radially arranged. Minor septa are 

absent. 

Bassler's longitudinal section (pl. 14, fig. 9), cut from 

an unknown position in the corallum, shows a series 

of elongate nearly vertically inclined dissepiments surrounding an axial tabularium approximately 2-3 mm 

in diameter. The tabulae are bowl shaped. 

Type loeality.-Hall did not state the locality from 

which his specimens were collected. However, the lectotype bore an old label upon which was written 

"Stansbury's I.," and Bassler's slides cut trom the paralectotype are similarly designated. The localit~r is 

unquestionably Stansbury Island, a mountainous prong 

which is actually connected by salt flats to the southwest 

shore of the Great Salt Lake, Tooele County, Utah. 

Stansbury ( 1852, p. 211) described a coralliferous 

black and gray limestone that occupies the summit of 

the highest peak on the island, near the center of the 

mountain range. According to Stansbury, the limestone is underlain by 200 feet of "white siliceous 

sandstone." Inasmuch as this is the only mention of 

fossiliferous outcrops on Stansbury Island in Stansbury's report, it seems likely that Hall's specimens were 

collected at this locality. 

The known stratigraphie range of the genus 

Vesiculophyllum, which is synonymous with Faviphyllum, is restricted to the Madison Group and its 

equivalents in the Western United States. Corals that 

belong to this genus occur in the Gardner Dolomite as 

used by Rigby ( 1958) in the Stansbury Mountains, 

immediately south of Stansbury Island. According 

to Walter Sadlick (written commun., 1963), the most 

likely souree of Hall's specimens on Stansbury Island 

is the Gardison Limestone, which is exposed near the 

center of R. 6 W. on both sides of the boundary between 

T. 1 N. and T. 2 N. Judging from Stansbury's (1852, 

p. 211) description of the locality, the corals were probably collected on ohe of the two peaks which are located 

on either side of the boundary between T. 1 N. and T. 

2 N. (U.S. Geol. Survey, Tooele quadrangle map, 

1 : 250,000 series, 1962 ed.). 

Discussion.-The status of Hall's species is as tenuous 

as that of his genus. The two specimens that form the 

basis for the species concept are so poorly preserved and 

incomplete that specific characters are at best only 

doubtfully ascertained. The type locality is obscure, 

and it is questionable whether anyone searching for 

topotype material could ever be sure that he had located 

the exact type locality. This name, like the generic 

name, has not been used in the primary zoological litera ture for more than a hundred years. Therefore, I 

have made application to the International Commission 

on Zoological Nomenclature to have Hall's species name 

suppressed under Article 79 of the International Code 

of Zoological Nomenclature ( 1961) . 

Suborder C10LUMNARUNA 

Family LONSDALEIIDAE 

Subfamily LONSDALEIINAE 

Genus SCIOPHYLLUM Harker and McLaren 

1950. SciophyUum Harker and McLaren, p. 31. 

Type species.-Saiophyllum lambart-i Harker and McLaren (1950, p. 31-33, pl. 4). Mississippian, Canada. 

Diaqnosis.-Cerioid rugose corals of basaltiform 

habit, without columella; complete corallum unknown; 

dissepimentarium of one or more series of dissepiments, 

the inner margin forming a well-marked inner wall; 

tabulae strong, well-spaced and regular, flat or slightly 

arched; septa absent or reduced to fine vertical striations 

on the inner side of the epitheca or inside the inner 

wall; gemmation lateral (Harker and McLaren, 1950, 

p .. 31). 

Sciophyllum adjunctivum (White) 

Plate 15 

1880a. Acervularia adjunctiva White, p. 255, pl. 1, figs. 1-3. 

1880b. Acervularia adjunctiva White, p. 120, pl. 35, figs. la-d. 

1889. Acervularia adjunctiva White. Miller, p. 170 (bibliographic citation). 

1898. Acervularia adjunctiva White. Weller, p. 53 (bibliographic citation). 

1905. Acervularia adjunctiva ·white. Schuchert, p. 20 (bibliographic citation). 
E30 CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

1950. Acervularia?? adjunctiva White. Bassler, p. 219 (bibliographic citation). 

Type material.-The syntype lot consisted of 30 fragInents of coralla cataloged under USNM 8030. Bassler 

made eight thin sections from these specimens. One 

specimen, partly destroyed by Bassler, was segregated 

from the other syntypes and bore the USNM designation for holotype. This specimen appears to be one 

of the specimens figured by White ( 1880b, pl. 35, 

fig. 1a). I could not identify any of the other specimens 

illustrated by White in the syntype lot. 

The holotype designation is undoubtedly invalid and 

may have been added erroneously by a recent curatorial 

assistant. However, White's figured specimen is the 

logical choice to serve as lectotype and is so designated. 

This specimen is now cataloged under USNM 144 786. 

The figured paralectotype is now cataloged under 

USNM 144787. The unfigured paralectotypes are 

retained under USNM 8030. 

Description of lectotype.-The lectotype (pl. 15, 

fig. 1) is a fragment of a cerioid corallum approximately 

5 by 5 by 2 em. The prismatic corallites separate 

readily, displaying both longitudinal and transverse 

corrugations on their external faces. There are commonly four to seven evenly spaced longitudinal corrugations on a corallite face. Transverse corrugations 

are broader and less regular; there may be as many as 

four or five in 1·cm. Fine transverse striations (three 

to five per millimeter) apparently represent increments 

of vertical growth of the corallite walls. 

Corallites are inequidimensional, probably owing to 

distortion of the corallum by deformation which affected the enclosing rock. Short corallite diameters range 

from 3.7 to 6.0 mm (average 4.8 mm) and long corallite 

diameters range from 7.0 to 10.5 mm ( a'verage 9.0 mm). 

Budding is intermural. 

Delicate internal features are remarkably well preserved despite coarse recrystallization of sparry calcite 

that fills open spaces in the corallum. In transverse 

section (pl. 15, figs. 2 and 3), the rtabularium appears 

as a well-defined ellipse (owing to deformation), whose 

long axis ranges from 2.5 to 5.5 mm and whose short 

axis ranges from 2.0 to 3.5 mm. The traces of two to 

four dissepiments are commonly visible in transverse 

section. The dissepimentarium occupies approximately half the radius of the corallum. Vestigial septa 

were identified in 6 out of 16 corallites; as many as 

8 septa were found in a single corallite. None of the 

septa are more than 4 mm long, and they invariably 

arise on the inner wall of the tabularium where they 

project inward toward the axis of the corallite. The 

epitheca is approximately two-tenths of a millimeter 

thick. 

In longitudinal section (pl. 15, figs. 4 and 5) the dissepimentarium is seen to consist of a single series of 

large inflated steeply inclined dissepiments. There are 

ordinarily two to three dissepiments in 5 mm. Tabulae 

are mostly concave and many are disposed at angles of 

as much as 45 ° from the horizontal. There are three 

to five tabulae in 5 mm. 

Description of paralectotypes.-The paralectotypes 

are all fragments of coralla; the largest specimen is 

about 9 by 4.5 by 5 em. Like the lectotype, these specimens are deformed and break readily between corallites. 

Available evidence does not indicate how many coralla 

are represented by these fragments. Longitudinal and 

transverse thin sections cut from two of the paralectotypes show mainly the same features seen in the 

lectotype. 

Type locality.-The material was collected by Orestes 

St. John from Carboniferous strata in the "Blackfoot 

Range, south of Yellowstone National Park" (White, 

1880a, p. 255). The mountains referred to are located 

in Bingham County in southeastern Idaho. St. John 

(1879, p. 342-344) mentions "Llthostrotion" at his topographic stations 8 and 9 in the Blackfoot Range.- One 

of these stations is presumably the type locality, because lithostrotionoid corals a·:re not mentioned elsewhere in St. John's description of the geology of the 

Blackfoot Range. 

Location of the localities in terms of modern geographic coordinates was made by studying positions of 

the stations as shown on St. John's (1879, pl. 7) drainage sketch, his geologic cross sections (1879, pis. 13 and 

14), and his descriptions of the areas (1879, p. 342-344) 

and comparing them with Mansfield's ( 1952, pl. 1) geologic map of the Ammon and Paradise Valley quadrangles. The most logical location for St. John's 

Station 8 is somewhere within the area mapped as 

Brazer Limestone by Mansfield on Blue Ridge in sees. 

2, 3, 11, and 12, T. 3 S., R. 39 E. A probable location 

for St. John's Station 9 is in the continuation of the 

same Brazer belt southeast of Horse Creek in sees. 17, 

20, 29, and 28, T. 3 S., R. 40 E. 

The rocks mapped as Brazer by Mansfield in southeastern Idaho are now assigned to the Chesterfield 

Range Group, of Late Mississippian age (Dutro and 

Sando, 1963b, p. 1967). Judging from Mansfield's 

( 1952, p. 20) description of the lithic sequence in the 

type area of White's species, the type material was 

prdbably collected from the Monroe Canyon Limestone 

(Dutro and Sando, 1963b, p. 1967). Evidently White's 

species is rare because I did not find other specimens 

in the many collections made by Mansfield and his coworkers or by Dutro and myself from the Mississippian 

of southeastern Idaho. 
,REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC CORAL SPE-CIES E31 

Discussion.-White's coral appears to be closely related to the type species of Sciophyllum, S. lambarti 

Harker and McLaren (1950, p. 31, pl. 4). However, 

Sciophyllum adjuncth_,um has a narrower tabularium 

relative to the corallite diameter and fewer and larger 

dissepiments arranged in only one series. Moreover, 

in White's species the tabulae are mostly concave and 

inclined, rather than flat or arched and horizontal as 

they are in the type species. S. adju;nctivum also has 

fewer septa, and the septa are confined to the 

tabularium. 

Order TABULATA 

Family AULOPORIDAE 

Subfamily SYRINGOPORINAE 

Genus SYRINGOPORA Goldfuss 

182(). Syrin.gopora Goldfuss, p. 75. 

Type species.-Syringopora ramulosa Go 1 d fuss 

(1826., p. 76, pl. 25, fig. 7). Carboniferous, Germany. 

Diagnosis.-Erect fasciculate coralla composed of 

cylindrical corallites connected by hollow connecting 

tubes. Septa absent or represented by septal spines. 

Tabulae infundibular, commonly incomplete, coalesced 

in some species to form an axial tube which may be 

continuous or interrupted by horizontal tabulae. 

Syringopora occidentalis Meek 

Plate 8, figures 1()-14. 

1877. Syringopora occidentalis Meek, p. M, pl. 6, figs. 2, 2a. 

1898. Syringopora (und~t. sp.) Meek. Weller, p. 619 (bibliographic citation). 

1905. Syringopora ocoidentalis Meek. Schuchert, p. 637 (bibliographic citation). 

1950. Syringopora occidentalis Meek. Bassler, p. 220, (bibliographic citation). 

Type material.-The holotype is the specimen figured 

by Meek (1877, pl. 6, figs. 2, 2a) and cataloged under 

USNM 24547. 

Description of holotype.-The ~olotype (pl. 8, fig. 11) 

is a fragment of a colony approximately 4.5 by 3 by 2.5 

em. The corallites are silicified and partly imbedded 

in yellowish limestone. 

Corallites are sinuous and erect, except for several 

horizontal branches at the base of the specimen, which 

apparently represents a level at or near the base of the 

original colony. Mature corallite diameters range from 

2.0 to 2.3 mm, averaging 2.1 mm in 17 corallites. Corallite frequency ranges frmn six to eight corallites per 

square centimeter (average 6.8) in five measurmnents. 

Corallites are thick walled; walls range from 0.25 to 

0.35 mm in thickness. Connecting tubes are abundant 

and occur at 2--5 mm intervals; three or four commonly 

ttrise at the same level. 

In transverse section (pl. 8, figs. 12 and 14), the tabulae appear as nearly straight or slightly curved traces 

arranged more or less concentrically around a central or 

slightly eccentric axial canal except in the vicinity of 

connecting tubes, where the axial canal is modified by 

its junction with the connecting tube structure. No 

septal spines or ridges are evident in any of the 

corallites. · 

Longitudinal sections (pl. 8, figs. 10 and 13) are 

n1ostly oblique cuts owing to sinuosity of the corallites. 

They show, rather poorly, an axial canal bounded by 

one to three rows of infundibular tabulae and trans~ted 

by a few horizontal tabulae in some places. 

Type locality.-Locality data given by Meek (1877, p. 

51) are: "Southwest of Bald Mountain, Uinta Range, 

and at Morgan Peak, Wasatch Range, Utah; in a dark 

Carboniferous limestone." An old locality label with 

the holotype reads: "From the S. W. of Bald Mt. 

(Loose), Carb." The Morgan Peak locality is not 

represented in the available type material. 

Inasmuch as S. F. Emmons surveyed and described 

(in Hague and Emmons, 1877, p. 311-325) the geology 

of the western Uinta Range for the King Survey, Meek's 

specimen was probably collected by the Emmons party. 

Emmons (in Hague and Emmons, 1877, p. 313) listed 

a fauna including Syringopora multattenuata and 

Syringopora ~from "drab limestones of the Upper CoalMeasures" on Rhodes' Spur at the junction of Stanton 

Creek (now called Wolf Creek or West Fork) and the 

Duchesne River. Although this locality is almost due 

south, rather than southwest of the Baldy Mountain, it 

is the only place from which Emmons recorded a 

collection containing Syringopora. 

Rhodes' Spur is composed of rocks mapped as Weber 

Sandstone and Park City Formation by Huddle and 

McCann ( 1947). According to Huddle and McCann, 

limestone occurs sparingly in the upper part of the 

Weber and the lower member of the Park City. The 

upper member of the Park City is mostly sandy and 

silty dolomitic limestone. Judging from Huddle and 

McCann's descriptions of the lithologies, Meek's specimens oould have come from either the upper part of 

the Weber or the lower or upper member of the Park 

City. The entire Park City Formation is now 

considered to be Permian, and all of the Weber is 

regarded as Pennsy I vanian in the area concerned 

(Helen Duncan, oral commun., 1964). Meek's specimen 

may be of upper Weber or Park City origin and is 

probably of Pennsylvanian or Permian age. 

Discussion.-Although Meek (1877, p. 51) proposed 

the name Syringopora ocddentalis conditionally, it 

nevertheless fulfills the criteria of availability of the 

International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (International Comn1ission on Zoological Nomenclature, 

1961, article 17). Unfortunately, the type specin1en 
E32 CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

is not well preserved and appears to represent the 

immature part of a corallum. These circumstances 

make it difficult to characterize the species. The possibility of collecting topotype material seems unlikely in 

view of the inadequate data on type locality. Meek's 

name has never been applied to any specimen other 

than the holotype and has not appeared in the primary 

zoological literature since 1877. In view of the uncertainties surrounding the type material I belive it best 

to regard Syringopora occidentalis as a nomen dubium. 

Meek's coral appears to be related to Syringopora 

mJUltattenuata McChesney (1859, p. 75; 1867, p. 2, pl. 2, 

figs. 4, 4a). I have made my comparison on the basis of 

McCutcheon's (1J)61) description and illustrations of 

the neotype of McChesney's species. The two species 

have about the same corallite diameter and density, wall 

thickness, and connecting tube spacing. The absence 

of septal processes and presence of ·an axial tube are 

other features that indicate close relationship. However, in Syringopora rrvultattenuata the axial tube is 

more clearly defined and the incomplete tabulae are 

more numerous, more varia!ble in size., and generally 

more inflated than inS. occidentalis. 

Order TABULATA, position uncertain 

"Leptopora winchelli" White 

Plate 14, figures 10-16 

1879. Leptopora sp.? Peale, p. 599, 620. 

1879. Lep·topora winchelli White, p. 211. 

1880b. Leptopora winchelli White, p. 121, pl. 34, fig. lla. 

1889. Lep·topora winohelli White. Miller, p. 194 (bibliographic 

citation). 

1898. Leptopora winchelli White. Weller, p. 323 (bibliographic citation). 

1903. [not] Leptopora winohelli White. Girty, p. 249, 250, 

259, 327. 

1905. Leptopora w·inchelli White. Schuchert, p. 351 ( bibliographic citation). 

1917. Leptopora winchelU 'Vhite. Robinson, p. 164 (bibliographic citation). 

1950. Cleistopora winchCllli (White). Bassler, p. 219 ( bibliographic citation). 

1955. Oleistopora typa ~vinchelli (White). Jeffords, p. 7, fig. 2. 

Type material.-The syntype lot consisted of three 

specimens cataloged under USNM 8230. The largest 

specimen, not figured by "White, is here designated as 

lectotype and now bears USNM number 144788. 

White's ( 1880b, pl. 34, fig. 11a) figured specimen, partly 

destroyed in n1aking thin sections, is regarded as a paralectotype and is now eataloged under lTSNM 144789. 

White's other unfigured speeimen, another paralectotype, is now cataloged under lTSNM 144790. 

Description of lectotype.-This specimen (p1.14, figs. 

10 and 14) consists of a thin sheetlike corallum having 

imperfect margins so that the original size is indeterminate. The specimen is approximately 4 by 2.5 by 1 em 

and ne,arly completely covers the piece of brown dolomite matrix to which it adheres and which obscures the 

underside of the corallum. The entire corallum is composed of coarse silica. 

The cora;llum is composed of approximately 75 polygonal corallites. Mature corallites are 2.5-3 mm in diameter and 1-2 mm deep. Tabulae are either absent or not 

preserved, and no other internal deposits can be 

identified. Corallite walls are 0.1-0.4 mm thick. Mural pores 0.1-0.2 mm in diameter were observed in the 

walls of some of the corallites; no pores were seen along 

the angles of the walls. Septa, septal spines, or septal 

ridges are either absent or not preserved. 

Description of paralectotypes.-White's ( 1880b, pl. 

34, fig. 11a) illustrated specimen (pl. 14, figs. 11 and 

13) is very similar to the lectotype in all essential details. It appears to represent a somewhat smaller fragment of a corallum and contains about half as many 

corallites as the lectotype. Two thin sections were cut 

from this specimen. One of these (pl. 14, fig. 15) is 

an oblique longitudinal cut which shows very little other 

than the general outline of the walls owing to coa.rse 

silicification of wall structure. The other section (pl. 

14, fig. 16) is a transverse cut made near the base of the 

corallum. Here again, silicification is so crude that 

only vague outlines of the corallites are discernible. 

White's other unfigured specimen (pl. 14, fig. 12) is 

probably an imma;ture corallum. The corallum is circular in outline and has a diameter of 5. 5 mm. A central corallite 1. 5 mm in diameter is surrounded by 11 

radially arranged corallites. Corallite walls rise to a 

maximum height of 1. 5 mm above the basal disk near 

the center of the corall urn. 

Type locality.-According to White (1880b, p. 121), 

the type material was "brought in by Dr. A. C. Peale, 

in the autumn of 1877, from near the forks of Logan 

River, in Bear River range, near the northern boundary 

of Utah." Peale (1879, p. 599) mentions Leptopora at 

his station 125 located on top of a hill on the east side 

of the North Fork of Logan River. The fossil was 

collected from westward-dipping "white saccharoidal 

limestone" that caps the hill and overlies "massive blue 

limestone." 

Peale's description indicates that the locality is on 

top of the 7,000-foot hill in SWI4 sec. 8, T. 12 N., R. 

3 E., Cache County, Utah. This area was mapped as 

Laketown and Fish Haven Dolomites by Williams 

( 1948, pl. 1) . The matrix of the specimens is finegrained brownish gray dolomite very similar to a rock 

type that is common in both the Laketown and Fish 

Haven Dolomites. Therefore, I believe that Peale's 

identification of the locality as Carboniferous is erro-
REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC CORAL SPE,CIES E33 

neous and that the material was actually collected from 

rocks of Ordovician or Silurian age. 

Discuss·ion.-The type material of this species is so 

poorly preserved that even generic identification is virtually impossible. Although the material has many 

features suggestive of FavosUes and allied genera, the 

apparent absence of tabulae makes it impossible to refer 

the specimens unequivocally to this group. Reference 

to Oleistopora is neither supported by the morphology 

of the specimens nor by the probable Ordovician or 

Silurian age of the rocks from which they were 

collected. 

In view of the existing uncertainties concerning the 

type material, the best interests of taxonomy would 

be served by avoiding the use of White's taxon. I 

suggest that Leptopora winchelli White be relegated to 

the status of nomen dubium. 

Only one specimen outside of the type lot has ever 

been allocated to White's species. This specimen is the 

one described by Girty (1903, p. 327) from the Hermosa 

Formation of Colorado. I have examined Girty's 

specimen (USGS loc. 2279-PC) and find it to be a 

species of Michelinia similar to M. latebrosa Moore 

and Jeffords. 

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E34 CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

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.REVISION OF SOME PALEOZOIC CORAL SPE•CIES E35 

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E36 CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

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A Page 

Acervularia adjunctiva _________ ------------ E2, 29,30 

adjunctiva, Acervularia ______________________ 2, 29,30 

adjunctivum, Sciophyllum ____________ 2, 29, 31; pl. 15 

Alar diameter________________________________ 2 

Amplexus zaphrentiformis ____________________ 2, 7,10 

Amygdalophyllinae ____ ---------------------- 18 

Anthozoa ________ -------------_-----------____ 2 

Arcturus Limestone __________________________ 16,17 

arizelum, Dorlodotia___________________________ 14 

arkansanus, Chonetes_________________________ 6 

Aubrey Group_______________________________ 10 

Aulophyllidae_______ ____ __ _ _ _____ ____ __ ____ __ 18 

Auloporidae_____________ ______ ___ ____________ 31 

B 

Barytichiama____ ___ _ __ _ ____ _ _ __ _ __ _ ___ _ _ ___ _ __ 7, 11 

callosum __ ----------------________________ 11 

crassum __________ -- _ __ _ _ __ ____ _____ _____ _ 7 

zaphrentiforme _________ __________ 2, 7, 11; pls. 2, 3 

Bibliography_________________________________ 33 

Big Snowy Group____________________________ 24 

Bird Spring Formation _______________________ 17,25 

Brachiopods__________________________________ 6 

Bradyin.a sp_ _ _ _ ____ __ __ __ ___ ___ ___ _______ ____ 17 

Brazer faunas _________ -_______________________ 13 

Brazer Limestone ____________________________ 13,30 

Brephic stage_________________________________ 10 

briarti, Dorlodotia_ _ __ ___ _ __ ___ _ ___ __ _ _______ _ _ 11 

c 

caespitosum, Cyathophyllum___________________ 14 

Calicular angle_______________________________ 2 

callosum, Barytichisma________________________ 11 

Campophyllum Nevadense_____________________ 25 

(Campophyllum) Nevadense, Cyathophyllum___ 2, 25 

Nevademis, Cyathophyllum________________ 25 

Caninia ____ ---------------------------- 21, 22, 25,26 

cornucopiae _______ ------- __ ___ ____ _ ______ _ 21 

cylindrica_ _ __ _ _ __ ___ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ ___ ____ _____ 22 

enormis _____________________________ 24, 25, 26,27 

excentrica ____________ 2, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27; pls. 10-12 

juddi_ ____________________________________ 22,25 

nevadensis _________________ 2, 24, 25, 26, 27; pl. 13 

trojana ________________________________ 25; pl. 13 

sp. A------------------------------------- 22,25 

sp. B_ -- __________________________________ 22, 25 

sp _________ --- ____ ---- _ ___ __ ________ ____ _ _ 7 

Caninostrotion sp. A__________________________ 17 

Chesterfield Range Group ____________________ 13,30 

Chonetes arkansanus__________________________ 6 

Cleiatopora________ _____ _ __ ___ _ _ __ ___ _ ___ ____ __ 33 

typa winchellL___________________________ 32 

winchellL____ __ ______ ___ _ ___ _______ ___ _ __ 32 

Coelenterata__________________________________ 2 

Columnariina __ ---------------------------- __ 29 

convexum, Orygmophyllum____________________ 15 

cordillerensis, Durhamina __________________ 17; pl. 6 

cornucopiae, Caninia__________________________ 21 

crassum, Barytichisma________________________ 7 

Cyathaxonia prolifera__________________________ 2 

Cyathaxoniicae______ _______ ______ _____ _______ 2 

INDEX 

[Italic numbers indicate descriptions] 

Page 

Cyathophyllum ____ ____________________________ E18, 25 

caespitosum ___ ________ ---------- ________ __ 14 

(Campophyllum) Nevademe _______________ 2, 25 

Nevademis __________ ------------------ 25 

multilamella__ ______ ___ ___ _____ _ _ ______ ___ 18 

nevademe _____ _ --- ______________ ---------- 25 

subcaespitosum _____ _ -------------- 2, 11, 14, 15,17 

Cyathopsidae __ ------------------------------ 21 

Cyathopsis ___ _________________ ------------ 21 

cylindrica, Caninia___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ____ 22 

D 

Dictyoclostid ___ ------------------------------ Diphyphyllum subcespitosum __________________ 11,15 

diaca, Endothyra __ __ -------------------------- 13 

Dorlodotia _________________________________ 11, 14,18 

arizelum __ __ ------- _ _ ___ ____ _______ _____ _ _ 14 

briartL _ ___ __ ______ _ __ ____ _________ ____ _ _ _ 11 

subcaespitosa _____________ 2, 11, 13, 14, 15; pl. 4 

Durhamin.a cordillerensis ___________________ 17; pl. 6 

E 

Earlandia______ _ _ __ __ _ _ __ ___ _ _ _ ___ __ _ ___ _ __ ___ 13 

perparva ____ __ --- _ __ _ ___ _ _____ __ ____ ___ _ __ 17 

Ekvasophyllum ______ --------- _ ------------ _ ___ 21 

Ely Limestone ____________________________ 14, 16,17 

Endothyra disca_______________________________ 13 

pseudoglobulus _____ _ ------------------ _ ___ 13 

scitula _____ __________________ ---------- ___ 13 

sp_ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ 17 

enormis, Caninia __________ -------------- 24, 25, 26,27 

Ephebic stage________________________________ 10 

e:rcentrica, Caninia _____ 2, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27; pls. 10-12 

Zaphrentis ____________________ ------------ 2, 22 

expansa, Stafella______________________________ 17 

F 

Faberophyllum ________________________ __ 13, 18, 20,21 

occultum _____ ____ --- _______ ------------ __ _ 18 

stansburyi_ _____________________ 2, 18; pls. 8, 9 

Faphrentia muUilamellata_____________________ 18 

stansburii_ __ ----------------- _ __ _____ __ _ __ 18 

Faviphyllum _____________ ------------------ 27, 28,29 

rugosum ________________________ 2, 27, 28; pl. 14 

Favosites ______ --------- _______ ------------- ___ 27, 33 

Foraminifera_________________________________ 13 

Forschia __ _________ ----- __ _ ____ ____ ___ _____ _ __ 13 

G 

Gardison Limestone__________________________ 29 

Gardner Dolomite____________________________ 29 

globbosa, Krotovia_____________________________ 6 

Globivalvulina sp______________________________ 17 

goreii, Neospirifer _ ---------------------- ______ 6 

Great Blue Formation________________________ 20 

H 

Hapsiphyllidae _________ ---------------------- 7 

Hayden expedition___________________________ 1,13 

Hystriculina wabashensis______________________ 10 

I 

lnfiatia sp ______ ----------------- _ ------------ 10 

J Page 

juddi, Caninia ________________________________ E22, 25 

Juresania sp ________ -_--- _------------ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 

K 

King expedition______________________________ 1 

kingi, Schubertella ____ ______ ------ __ _ ____ __ _ _ _ _ 17 

Krotovia globbosa_____ _ _________ ____ _ ____ __ _ ___ 6 

L 

lambarti, Sciophyllum _________________________ 29,31 

latebrosa, Michelinia__________________________ 33 

Leptopora ________ ----------------------------_ 32 

winchellL _______________________ 2, 92, 33; pl. 14 

SP---------------------------------------- 32 

Linoproductus nodosus________________________ 6 

Litlwstrotion _______________________________ 14, 18,30 

(Lithostrotionella) whitneyi ___ ------------ 15 

(Siphonodendron) whitneyL ______ --- __ _ __ _ 15 

whitneyi_ _________________________ 2, 14, 15, 17,18 

sp ____________________________________ pl. 7 

(Lithostrotionella) whitneyi, Lithostrotion___ _ _ _ _ 15 

Lithostrotionidae ___ -------------------------- 11 

Lithostrotionoid corals_______________________ 13 

Lonsdaleiidae ___ ----------------------------- 29 

. Lonsdaleiinae ____ ---------------------------- 29 

Lophophyllidid corals________________________ 6 

Lophophyllidiidae ___________________________ _ 

Lophophyllidium__________________________ __ __ 2, 6 

profundum sauridens______________________ 3 

proliferum________________________________ 6, 7 

sauridens __________________________ 2,9, 6, 7; pl. 1 

Lophophyllum ____________ -------------------- 6 

profundum _____________________ ---------- 6 

sauridens ___ -------------------------- 3 

proliferum________________________________ 3, 6 

sauridens _________ -------------------- 2, 3 

sauridens _____________ --- __ --- ___ ---- _ __ __ 3 

M 

Marblensia, Millerella _______ ____ -__ --- ____ -- _ _ 17 

Michelinia ____ -------------------------------- 33 

latebrosa __ -------------------------------- 33 

Microstructural elements __ ------------------- Millerella marblensis__________________________ 17 

Mission Canyon Limestone__________________ 24 

Monroe Canyon Limestone ________________ 13, 14,30 

Morgan Formation--------------------------- 10,11 

Morphologic terminology ______________ ------- 2 

multattenuata, Syringopora __ ------------------ 31, 32 

multilamella, Cyathophyllum__________________ 18 

Zaphrentia ______________ ------------------ 18 

multilamellata, Faphrentia ____ ---------------- 18 

Zaphrentia ________________________ 2, 18, 19, 20,21 

N 

Neanic stage__________________________________ 10 

Neospirifer goreiL---------------------------- 6 Nevadense, Campophyllum____________________ 25 

Cyathophyllum ( Campophyllum) ____ ------ 2, 25 

nevadense, Cyathophyllum_____________________ 25 

nevadensis, Caninia _____________ 2,24,25,26,27; pl. 13 

Nevadensis, Cyathophyllum____________________ 25 

Cyathophyllum (Campophyllum)__________ 25 

nodosus, Linoproductus_______________________ 6 

E37 
E38 INDEX 

0 Page Page T 'Page 

occidentalis, Syringopora_ -------------E2, 31, 32; pl. 8 Schizophoria oklahomae__ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ ___ _ __ _ ___ __ E6 Tabulata. ____________________________________ E31, 32 

occiduus, Spirijer ----------------------------- 6 texana_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 Tetrataxis _____________ _ ------------- _______ ___ 13 

occultum, Faberophyllum______________________ 18 Schubertella kingi_____________________________ 17 texana, Schizophoria___________________________ 6 

oklahomae, Schizophoria_______________________ 6 Sciophyllum. _ -------------------------------- 29,31 Tournayella ____ ------------------------------ 13 

Orygmophyllum _______________________ _____ 14, 15,17 adjunctivum ______________________ 2, 29, 31; pl. 15 trojana, Caninia __________________________ 25; pl. 13 

convexum __ ------------------------------- 15 lambarti_ _________________________________ 29, 31 typa winchelli, Cleistopora_____________________ 32 

whitneyL ________________ • 2, 14, 15, 17, 18; pis. 5, 6 scitula, Endothyra_____________________________ 13 

Septatournayella. _ ___ _ __ ______ _____ ______ _ _ _ _ _ 13 v p 

Park City Formation_________________________ 31 

Peetzia. -------------------------- _______ _____ 21 

perparva, Earlandia___________________________ 17 

Powell expedition____________________________ 1 

Productus welleri_ ____ ---------------------- __ 6 

projundum, Lophophyllum____________________ 6 

sauridens, Lophophyllidium_______________ 3 

Lophophyllum____________ ____ ___ ___ __ 3 

prolijera, Cyathaxonia_________________________ 2 

proliferum, Lophophyllidium__________________ 6, 7 

Lophophyllum ---------------------------- 3, 6 

Siphonodendron _______________________________ 17,18 

(Siphonodendron) whitneyi, Lithostrotion___ _ _ _ _ 15 

sp., Lithostrotion __________________________ pl. 7 

Siphonophyllia__________ _______ ___ ___ ______ _ _ _ 21 

Spandelinoides sp__________________________ __ _ 17 

Spergen fauna________________________________ 13 

spinulosa, Zaphrentites________________________ 22 

Spirifer occiduus_ ·---------------------------- 6 

Stafella expansa_______________________________ 17 

Stansbury expedition_________________________ 1 

stansburii, Faphrentis_________________________ 18 

Vesiculophyllum ___________________________ 14, 28, 29 

w 

wabashensiB, Hystriculina_ _ _ _ __ _ ___ _ _ _ __ __ _ __ _ 10 

Weber Sandstone______________________________ 10 

welleri, Productus ___ _________________________ _ 

Wheeler expedition_------------------ 1, 3, 5, 6, 16, 17 

whitneyi, Lithostrotion _________________ 2, 14, 15, 17,18 

Lithostrotion (Lithostrotionella)_ ___ _ _____ __ 15 

(Siphonodendron)___________________ __ 15 

sauridens, Lophophyllum__________________ 2,3 stansburyi, Faberophyllum _____________ 2, 18; pls. 8, 9 Orygmophyllum _________ 2, 14, 15, 17, 18; pis. 5, 6 

Pseudodorlodotia ____________ __________________ 14, 18 

pseudoglobulus, Endothyra____________________ 13 

Pseudozaphrentoides. _ _ _ _ _ _____ _ __ __________ _ _ 21 

Zaphrentis ____________________________ 2, 13, 18, 20,21 

Stereocorypha. __ _ _ ___ __ ___ _ ___ ______ _ ___ ___ ___ 7 

Stereostylus sp _______________________________ _ 

winchelli, Cleistopora__________________________ 32 

Cleistopora typa___________________________ 32 

Leptopora _______________________ 2, 92, 33; pl.14 

R 

ramulosa, Syringopora________________________ 31 

Rugosa_______________________________________ 2 

rugosum, Faviphyllum ________________ 2,27,28; pl. 14 

s 

St. Louis Limestone__________________________ 13 

sauridens, Lophophyllidium ___________ 2, 3, 6, 7; pl. 1 

Lophophyllidium profundum __ ------------ 3 

Lophophyllum. ____________ ____ _ ___ ____ ___ 3 

Streptelasmatina_ _ _ _ _ _______ __ _ _ _ _ ___ _ __ _ __ __ 2 

subcaespitosa, Dorlodotia __________ 2, 11, 14, 15; pl. 4 

subcaespitosum, Cyathophyllum ________ 2, 11, 14, 15,17 

subcespitosum, Diphyphyllum __________________ 11, 15 

Sutherland, P. K., quoted____________________ 6 

Syringopora_____ _____ ______ _ __ ___ _ ___ ____ _ ___ _ 31 

multattenuata _____________________________ 31,32 

occidentalis ______________________ 2, 31, 32; pl. 8 

ramulosa________ __ _____ _ __ _ __ _ ___ ________ _ 31 

z 

Zaphrenticae_ _ _ _ _ __ ____ __ _ _ _ _ ___ ____ ___ _ _ _ _ __ 11 

zaphrentiforme, Barytichisma ________ 2, 7, 11; pis. 2, 3 

zaphrentijormiB, Amplexus ____________________ 2, 7,10 

Zaphrentis excentrica__________________________ 2, 22 

multilamella_ _ _ __ ___ __ _ ___ __ _ ___ _ __ _ _ _ ___ _ 18 

multilamellata _________ ____________ 2, 18, 19, 20,21 

stansburii._____ ___________ _ _ __ ___________ _ 18 

profundum______________ ______________ 3 Syringoporinae_ ____ ___ __ _ ____ __ _ __ _ ___ __ ____ _ 31 stansburyi_ _______________________ 2, 13, 18, 20,21 

proliferum_ --------------------------- 2, 3 Systematic paleontology______________________ 2 Zaphrentites spinulosa. _ _ ___________ __________ 22 

0 
PLATES l-15 
PLATE 1 

FIGURES 1-22. Lophophyllidium sauridens (White) (p. E3). 

1, 2. Serial transverse thin sections (X 4); paralectotype; USNM 144763c and 144763d, respectively. 

3, 4. Alar and calicular views, respectively (X 1); paralectotype; USNM 144763; arrows in fig. 3 indicate positions 

of transverse sections shown in figs. 1 and 2. 

5, 6. Calicular and alar views, respectively (X 1); paralectotype, original of White, 1875, pl. 6, fig. 4d; USNM 

144765. 

7-10. Serial transverse thin section (X 4); lectotype; USNM 144762a-d, respectively. 

11. Alar view (X 1); paralectotype, original of White, 1875, pl. 6, fig. 4a; USNM 144764. 

12. Longitudinal thin section (X 3); paralectotype, original of White, 1875, pl. 6, fig. 4b; USNM 144764. 

13-22. Serial transverse peel sections (X 8); topotype; USNM 144766a-g, i-1, respectively; photographs slightly 

retouched. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

I 

c 

LOPHOPHYLLIDIUM SA URIDENS (WHITE) 
PLATE 2 

FIGURES 1-9. Barytichisma zaphrentiforme (White) (p. E7). 

1. Longitudinal thin section (X 2); paralectotype, USNM I44778a. 

2. Alar view (X I); paralectotype, original of White, I880a, pl. 33, fig.Ib; 

USNM I44777. 

3. Alar view (X I); lectotype, original of White, I880a, pl. 33, fig. I a; 

USNM I44776; arrows indicate positions of serial transverse thin sections 

shown in figs. 4-8. 

4-8. Serial transverse thin sections (X 3); lectotype; USNM 144776a-e, 

respectively. 

9. Longitudinal thin section (X .3); lectotype; USNM I44776f; section cut 

in the cardinal-counter plane between transverse sections illustrated 

in figs. 6 and 7. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 503-E PLATE 2 

BAR YTICHISMA ZAPHRENTIFORME (WHITE) 
PLATE 3 

FIGURES 1-19. Barytichisma zaphrentiforme (White) (p. E7). 

1-5. Drawings traced from photographs of serial transverse peel sections 

(X 10); paralectotype; USNM 144780a-e. 

6--19. Serial transverse sections (X 3); paralectotype; USNM 144779a-n; 

figs. 6--8 are drawings traced from photographs of peel sections; figs. 

9-18 are slightly retouched photographs of peel sections; fig. 19 is a 

photograph of a thin section. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

OA 

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~7 c 

K IJ: 

2 

0 

8 

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~A c 3 

I 10 

c 

c 

c 

I 

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4 

I 

c 

K 

c 

K L2 

I 12 c 

BARYTICHISMA ZAPHRENTIFORME (WHITE) 

PROFESSIONAL PAPER 503- E PLATE 3 

K 

A 

c 

I 

c 

5 

I 

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13 
PLATE 4 

FIGUREs 1- 9. Dorlodotia subcaespitosa (Meek) (p. Ell). 

1. Longitudinal thin section (X 2); paralectotype; USNM 144784b; section cut above transverse section shown 

in fig. 2. 

2. Transverse thin section (X 2); paralectotype; USNM 144784a. 

3. Lateral view (X 1); paralectotype; USNM 144784; arrow indicates position of transverse section shown in fig. 2. 

4. Lateral view (X 1); lectotype; USNM 144783; arrows indicate positions of transverse sections shown in figs. 5, 

7-9. 

5. Transverse thin section (X 2); lectotype; USNM 144783d. 

6. Longitudinal thin section (X 2); lectotype; USNM 144783e; section cut between transverse sections shown in 

figs. 5 and 7. 

7-9. Serial transverse thin sections (X 2); lectotype; USNM 144783c, b, and a, respectively. 
GEOLOG ICA L SURVEY PKOFESSIONAL PAPER 503-E PLATE 4 

2 

DORLODOTIA SUBCAESPITOSA (MEEK) 
PLATE 5 

FIGURES 1-9. Orygmophyllum? whitneyi (White) (p. El5) . 

Lectotype USNM 144774. 

1, 2. Top and lateral views, respectively (X 1); original of White, 1875, pl. 6, figs. la-c; inscribed lines indicate 

the sources of White's figs. lb and lc; arrows indicate positions of transverse sections illustrated in figs. 5 and 8. 

3, 4. Longitudinal thin sections (X 2); USNM 144774f and 144774d, respectively. 

5. Tra:~sverse thin section (X 2); USNM 144774c. 

6. Longitudinal thin section (X 2); USNM 144 77 4b; original of White, 1875, pl. 6, fig. 1 b. 

7. Longitudinal thin section (X 2); USNM 144774e. 

8. Transverse thin section (X 2); USNM 144774a. 

9. View (X 4) of two of corallites shown in fig. 8. 
GEOLOGICAL SUHVE:Y PHOFESSIONAL PAPER 503-E P LATE 5 

ORYGMOPHYLLUM? WHITNEY! (WHITE) 
PLATE 6 

FIGURES 1-5. Durhamina cordillerensis (Easton) (p. E17). 

Hypotype (paralectotype of Lithostrotion whitneyi White), USNM 144775. 

1. Longitudinal thin section (X 2); USNM 144775c. 

2. Longitudinal thin section (X 4); USNM 144775d. 

3. Transverse thin section (X 2); USNM 144775a. 

4. Enlarged view (X 4) of one of corallites shown in fig. 3. 

5. External view of corallum (X 1) . 

6-11. Orygmophyllum? whitneyi (White) (p. E15) . 

Hypotype (hypotype of Cyathophyllum subcaespitosum Meek), USNM 24545. Figs. 7-11 are arranged on plate 

in approximately same relative positions as corresponding sections were taken from specimen. 

6. Lateral view (X 1); original of Meek, 1877, pl. 5, fig. 4; arrows indicate positions of transverse sections shown in 

figs. 8, 9, and 11. 

7. Longitudinal thin section (X 2); USNM 24545e. 

8, 9. Transverse thin sections (X 2); USNM 24545d and 24545c, respectively. 

10. Longitudinal thin section (X 2); USNM 24545b. 

11 . Transverse thin section (X 2) ; USN M 24545a. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 503-E PLATE 6 

2 

DURHAMINA CORDILLERENSIS (EASTON) AND ORYGMOPHYLLUM? WHITNEY! (WHITE) 
PLATE 7 

FIGURES 1--7. Lithostrotion (Siphonodendron) sp. (p. El8) . 

Hypotypes of Lithostrotion whitneyi White. 

1. Longitudinal thin section (X 4); USNM 144799g. 

2, 3. Transverse thin sections (X 4); USNM 144799h and 144799b, respectively. 

4. Lateral view (X 1); USNM 144799. 

5. Longitudinal thin section (X 4); USNM 144800c. 

6. Transverse thin section (X 2); USNM 144800a. 

7. Lateral view (X 1); original of Meek, 1877, pl. 6, figs. 1, 1a; USNM 144800. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 503-E PLATE 7 

LITHOSTROTION (SIPHONODENDRON) SP. 
PLATE 8 

FIGUREs 1-9. Faberophyllum stansburyi (Hall) (p. E18) . 

1, 2. Alar and cardinal views, respectively (X 1); lectotype; USNM 144770; arrows in fig. 1 indicate positions of 

transverse sections shown in figs. 4-6. 

3. Longitudinal thin section (X 2); lectotype; USNM 144770d; section cut just below transverse section shown in 

fig. 5. 

4-6. Serial transverse sections (X 2); lectotype; USNM 144770a-c, respectively; fig. 5 is peel section, others are 

thin sections. 

7-9. Oblique alar, calicular, and alar views, respectively (X 1); paralectotype, original of Hall, 1852, pl. 1, fig. 3b; 

USNM 144771. 

10-14. Syringopora occidentalis Meek (p. E31) . 

Holotype, USNM 24547. 

10. Longitudinal thin section (X 2); USNM 24547c. 

11. Lateral view (X 1); original of Meek, 1877, pl. 6, figs. 2, 2a. 

12. Transverse thin section (X 2); USNM 24547b. 

13. Longitudinal thin section (X 5); USNM 24.547d. 

14. Enlarged view (X 5) of some of corallites shown in fig. 12. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

1 

7 

I 4 

c 

c 

PROFESSIONAL PAPER 503-E PLATE 8 

c 

9 

10 

FABEROPHYLLUM STANSBURY! (HALL) AND SYRINGOPORA OCCIDENTALIS MEEK 
PLATE 9 

FIGU.RES 1-10. Faberophyllum stansburyi (Hall) (p. E18). 

Hypotypes. 

1-4. Serial transverse sections (X 2); paralectotype of Zaphrentis multilamellata Hall; USNM 144773a-d, respectively; section shown in fig. 2 is peel section, all others are thin sections. 

5. Longitudinal thin section (X 2); paralectotype of Zaphrentis multilamellata Hall; USNM 144773e; section cut 

just below transverse section shown in fig. 2. 

6, 7. Alar and cardinal views, respectively (X 1) ; paralectotype of Zaphrentis multilamellata Hall ; USNM 144773; 

arrows in fig. 6 indicate positions of transverse sections shown in figs. 1- 4. 

8, 9. Alar views (X 1); lectotype of Zaphrentis multilamellata Hall, original of Hall, 1852, pl. 1, fig. 2; USNM 

144772. 

10. Longitudinal thin section (X 2) ; lectotype of Zaphrentis multilamellata Hall; USNM 144772a. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 503- E PLATE 9 

6 7 

c 

5 

F'ABEROPHYLLUM STANSBURY! (HALL) 
PLATE 10 

FIGURES 1-6. Caninia excentrica (Meek) (p. E22). 

Lectotype, USNM 144791. 

1. Longitudinal t-hin section (X 1.5); USNM 1 4.4791c; section cut in the 

cardbal-counter plane between transverse sections illustrated in figs. 2 

and 3. 

2, 3. Transverse thin sections (X 1.5); USNM 144791a and b, respectively. 

4-6. Counter, alar, and cardinal views, respectively (X 1); arrows in 

fig. 5 indicate positions of transverse sections shown in figs. 2 and 3. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPEK 503- E PLATE 10 

CANINIA EXCENTRICA (MEEK) 
PLATE 11 

[All figures natural size] 

FIGUREs 1-4. Caninia excentrica (Meek) (p. E22). 

Topotypes. 

1-3. Oblique calicular view from counter side, alar, and calicular views 

respectively; USNM 144793. Specimen is silicified and was etched from 

limestone matrix with hydrochloric acid; white area around calice rim is 

plaster used to fill in unsilicified parts of skeleton which were dissolved 

during etching. 

4. Longitudinal thin section; USNM 144796a; section cut in cardinalcounter plane. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 503-E PLATE 11 

CA NINIA EXCENTRICA (MEEK) 
PLATE 12 

[All figures natural size] 

FIGUREs 1-13. Caninia excentrica (Meek) (p. E22). 

1-6. Serial transverse thin sections; topotype; USNM 144794a-f, respectively. 

7, 8. Serial transverse thin sections; topotype; USNM 144795a and b, respectively. 

9, 10. Serial transverse thin sections; hypotype; USNM 24539a and b, respectively. 

11. Longitudinal thin section; hypotype; USNM 24539c; section cut in cardinal-counter plane between transverse 

sections shown in figs. 9 and 10. 

12, 13. Cardinal and alar views, respectively; hypotype, original of Meek, 1877, pl. 4, figs. 1, 1b, lc; USNM 24539; 

arrows indicate positions of transverse sections shown in figs. 9 and 10. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

~ c 

I 4 

c 

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CANINIA EXCENTRICA (MEEK) 

PROFESSIONAL PAPER 503- E PLATE 12 

c 
PLATE 13 

[All figures natural size] 

FIGURES 1-6. Caninia trojana Easton (p. E24). 

Hypotype (hypotype of Zaphrentis excenlrica Meek), USNM 8464. 

1, 2. Cardinal and alar views, respectively; original of-White, pl. 6, fig. 3a; arrows in fig. 2 indicate positions of transverse sections shown in figs. 3-5. 

3- 5. Serial transverse thin sections; USNM 8464a- c, respectively. 

6. Longitudinal thin sction ; USNM 8464d; section cut in cardinal-counter plane between transverse sections shown 

in figs. 3 and 4. 

7-11. Caninia nevadensis (Meek) (p. E25). 

Holotype, USNM 24544. 

7, 8. Transverse thin sections; USNM 24544a and b, respectively. 

9. Longitudinal thin section; USNM 24544c; section cut slightly to one side of cardinal-counter plane above transverse section shown in fig. 8. 

10, 11. Alar and cardinal views, respectively ; part of original of Meek, 1877, pl. 5, fig . 3; arrows in fig. 11 indicate 

positions of transverse sections shown in figs. 7 and 8. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 503-E PLATE 13 

1 2 

J: 7 

6 

9 

CA NINIA TROJANA EASTON AND CANINIA NEVADENSIS (MEEK) 
PLATE 14 

FIGUREs 1-9. "Faviphyllum rugosum" Hall (p. E28). 

1. Longitudinal thin section (X 2); lectotype; USNM 144768d; section cut between transverse sections shown in 

figs. 3 and 4. 

2-4. Serial transverse thin sections (X 2); lectotype; USNM 144768a-c, respectively. 

5, 6. Lateral views (X 1); lectotype, original of Hall, 1852, pl. 1, fig. lb; USNM 144768; arrows indicate positions 

of transverse sections shown in figs. 2-4. 

7, 8. Transverse thin sections (X 2); paralectotype; USNM 144769a and b, respectively. 

9. Longitudinal thin section (X 2); paralectotype; USNM 144769c. 

10-16."Leptopora winchelli" White (p. E32). 

10. Top view (X 1); lectotype; USNM 144788. 

11. Top view (X 1); paralectotype, original of White, 1880a, pl. 34, fig. lla; USNM 144789. 

12. Top view (X 3); paralectotype; USNM 144790. 

13. Enlarged top view (X 3); paralectotype; USNM 144789. 

14. Enlarged top view (X 3); lectotype; USNM 144788. 

15. Longitudinal thin section (X 5); paralectotype; USNM 144789a. 

16. Transverse thin section (X 5); paralectotype; USNM 144789b. 
GEOLOG ICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 503-E P LATE 14 

2 

... 4 

7 

9 

11 

"FAVIPHYLLUM RUGOSUM" HALL AND "LEPTOPORA WINCHELL!" WHITE 
PLATE 15 

FIGURES 1-7. Sciophyllum adjunctivum (White) (p. E29). 

1. Lateral view (X 1) ; lectotype, probably original of White, 1880a, pl. 35, fig. la; USNM 144786; arrow indicates 

position of transverse section shown in figs. 2 and 3. 

2. Transverse thin section ( X 2) ; lectotype ; USNM 144 786a. 

3. Enlarged view ( X 4) of some of the corallites shown in fig. 2. 

4. Longitudinal thin section ( X 2); lectotype; USNM 144786b. 

5. Enlarged view (X 4); of one of the corallites shown in fig. 4. 

6. Longitudinal thin section (X 4) paralectotype; USNM 144787b. 

7. Transverse thin section (X 4); paralectotype; USNM 144787a. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 503 -E PLATE 15 

2 

3 

5 

SCIOPHYLLUM ADJUNCTIVUM (WHITE)