AlllDb DS^mt

NBStR 86-3331

HVACSIM''' Building Systems and

Equipment Simulation Program:

Building Loads Calculation

Reference publications

Cheol Park

Daniel R. Clark

George E. Kelly

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Bureau of Standards

National Engineering Laboratory

Center for Building Technology

Building Equipment Division

Gaithersburg, MD 20899

February 1986

^QC

100

.056

86-3331

1986

jildings and Community Systems

tment of Energy

Engineering Laboratory

tment of Defense

NBS

fifiSEABCH INFORMATIOM CENTER

NBSIR 86-3331

' • » HVACSIM-^ BUILDING SYSTEMS AND

EQUIPMENT SIMULATION PROGRAM:

BUILDING LOADS CALCULATION

I 00

U i’Cc*

Cheol Park

Daniel R. Clark

George E. Kelly

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Bureau of Standards

National Engineering Laboratory

Center for Building Technology

Building Equipment Division

Gaithersburg, MD 20899

February 1986

Sponsored by:

Office of Buildings and Community Systems

U.S. Department of Energy

Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory

U.S. Department of Defense

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Malcolm Baldrige, Secretary

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Ernest Ambler. Director
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ABSTRACT

A non-proprietary building system simulation program called HVACSIM^, wbicb

stands for HVAC SIMulation PLUS other systems, has been developed at the

National Bureau of Standards (NBS) in an effort to understand the dynamic

interactions between a building shell, an HVAC system, and building controls.

HVACSIM^ consists of a main simulation program, a library of HVAC system

component models, a building shell model, and interactive front end input data

generation programs.

The main simulation program employs a hierarchical, modular approach and

advanced equation solving techniques to perform dynamic simulations of

building/HVAC/control systems. In the building shell model, a fixed time step

selected by the user is employed, while a variable time step approach is used

in the HVAC and control systems portion of a simulation and the zone model.

This report presents the overall architecture of the HVACSIM^ program,

algorithms used in the main simulation program, a brief discussion of the

numerical methods used in solving a system of non-linear simultaneous

equations, integrating stiff ordinary differential equations and interpolating

data and descriptions of the building shell and zone models. Conduction

transfer functions, weather data, and simulation procedure are also described.

This report is the third document, which describes the building model,

supplied with HVACSIM^.

Key words: building dynamics; building simulation; building system

modeling; computer s imul at ion programs; control dynamics;

dynamic modeling of building systems; dynamic performance of

building systems; dynamic simulations; HVAC system simulations;

HVACSIM^

iii
ACKN(MLED6EMENTS

The authors are indebted to the Building Systems Division, U.S. Department of

Energy, and the Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory, U.S. Department of

Defense, for funding this project, and gratefully acknowledge Dr. C. Ray Hill

for his original work of the main simulation program, MODSIN, during a year at

MBS as a research associate, Mr. George N. Walton for his helpful suggestions,

and Mr. William B. May, who directed the development of the front end program

HVAOGEN and provided hardware and software support for this project. Valuable

contributions in developing HVACSIM^ were made by Mr. Scott Hildebrand, Mr.

David Harris, Mr. Chris Rasmussen, and Mr. Juan Lopez, who were visiting

workers at NBS. The authors thank Mrs. Janet I. Clark for typing this

report.

DISCLAIMER

The program described in this report is furnished by the government and is

accepted and used by any recipient with the express understanding that the

United States Government makes no warranty, expressed or implied, concerning

the accuracy, completeness, reliability, usability, or suitability for any

particular purpose of the information and data contained in this program or

furnished in connection therewith, and the United States shall be under no

1 iabil ity what soever to any person by reason of any use made thereof. This

program belongs to the government. Therefore, the recipient further agrees

not to assert any proprietary rights therein or to represent this program to

anyone as other than a government program.

iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT iii

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS iv

DISCLAIMER iv

LIST OF FIGURES vii

1. INIBODUCTION 1

2. ARCHITECTDRE OF HVACSIM"^ 3

3. MODULAR SIMULATION PROGRAM, MODSIM 8

3.1 Hierarchical, Modular Approach 8

3.2 Controls of State Variables and Blocks.. 10

3.3 Hybrid Simulation Time Steps 11

3.4 Time Dependent Boundary Conditions 12

4. NUMERICAL METHODS USED IN MODSIM 14

4.1 Nonlinear Equation Solver 14

4.2 Integration of Stiff Ordinary Differential Equations.. 17

4.3 Interpolation of Data 23

5. BUILDING LOADS CALCULATION 25

5.1 TYPE 50: Zone Envelope 27

5.2 TYPE 51: Building Surface 31

5.3 TYPE 52: Zone Model 39

5.4 TYPE 53: Weather Input 46

6. UTILITY ROUTINES FOR BUILDING LOADS CALCULATION 48

6.1 Properties of Moist Air 48

6.2 Air Exchange Rate 49

6.3 MRT View Factors 49

6.4 Heat Transfer Coefficients 50

7. CONDUCTION TRANSFER FUNCTION CALCULATION 53

7.1 Overview of CTFGEN 53

7.2 Heat Conduction of a Multilayered Construct 54

7.3 Response Factors 58

7.4 Conduction Transfer Functions 61

V
8. WEATHER DATA 64

8.1 Weather Tape Reading Routine 64

8.2 Weather Data File Generation 65

9. SIMULATION PROCEDURE 73

9.1 Preprocessing - Input Data Generation 73

9.2 Simulation 76

9.3 Postprocessing - Output Data Analysis 76

10. REFERENCES 77

APPENDIX A: Short Descriptions of Functions and Subroutines in

HVACSIM"^ 81

APPENDIX B: Worksheets for Data Entry for Type 50. 51, 52, and 53.... 94

APPENDIX C: Example 1 - One-Zone Building Model 98

APPENDIX D: Example 2 - Three-Zone Building Model 150

vi
LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 Flow diagram of programs and data files of HVACSIM^ 4

Figure 2 The structure of MODSIM 6

Figure 3 Hierarchical simulation setup 9

Figure 4 Simplified flow diagram for the iterative procedure in

solving simultaneous, nonlinear equations 18

Figure 5 Simplified flow chart of the algorithm for integration

of stiff ordinary differential equations 22

Figure 6 A multilayer construct 57

vii
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1 . INTRODUCTION

Computer simulations have been a popular means of analyzing building energy

use. Compared with experimental investigations, computer simulations do not

require installation of various expensive instruments. Simple changes in

input data to a simulation model can evaluate their impacts on the model.

In an effort to carry out simulation studies involving the dynamic

interactions between a building shell, an HVAC system, and building controls,

a non-proprietary building system simulation program called HVACSIM^ has been

developed at the National Bureau of Standards (NBS). The program HVACSIM^,

which stands for HVAC SIHulation PLUS other systems, is capable of modeling

the HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning) system plus HVAC

controls, the building shell, the heating/cooling plant, and energy management

and control systems (EMC^) algorithms. Although the current version of the

HVACSIM^ has not implemented the EHCS algorithms yet, these may be added by a

user interested in such applications, and familiar with Fortran programming.

The HVACSIM^ consists of a main simulation program, a library of HVAC system

components models, a building shell model, and interactive front end data

generation programs. The main program is called MODSIM and employs a

hierarchical, modular approach and advanced equation solving techniques to

perform dynamic simulations of buil ding/HVAC/control systems. The modular

approach is based upon the methodology used in the TRNSYS program [1]. In the

building shell model, a fixed (but user selectable) time step method is used,

while a variable time step approach is employed in the HVAC and control

1
systems portion and tlie zone model. This hybrid time step method is believed

to be unique in the building systems programs.

The HVACSIM^ program has been developed primarily as a research tool for whole

building system studies. Flexibility of the HVACSIM^ allows the simulation of

HVAC components, control systems, the building shell, or any combination. The

program is written in ANSI Standard Fortran 77. Fully structured programming

makes the code relatively easy for prograaimers to understand and maintain.

Some important features of HVACSIM^ were previously introduced [2,3] and the

results of some case studies were published [4,5]. A general overview of

EVACSIM^ was also presented [5]. Documentation for HVACSIM^ consists

primarily of three publications: a Reference Manual [7], a Users Guide [8],

and this report. The building loads calculation routines are relatively

recent additions to HVACSIM'*', and as such are not described in the Reference

Manual or the Users Guide. This report serves as reference manual and users

guide for the building load portions of HVACSIM^. In addition, mathematical

details of the numerical methods used in HVACSIM^ are presented. Sample

simulations for building load calculations are appended.

2
2 . ARCHIIECTUEE OF HVACSIM^

The various portions of HVACSIH^ can be divided into three categories:

preprocessing, simulation, and postprocessing. Prior to performing a

simulation, the data files for a particular building system simulation must be

provided. This can be accomplished using programs in the preprocessing group.

After a simulation, evaluation of outputs from the simulation is made using

the postprocessing program.

Figure 1 shows a flow diagram of programs and data files comprising HVACSIM'*'.

During the preprocessing, a work file for simulation is created by the

interactive front end program, HVAOGQf [8]. This work file is then converted

into the model definition file by the program SLIMCOM Ihe model definition

file has the format which the main program HODSIH requires. The work file can

be edited interactively by the HVAOGEN program. In generating the simulation

work file, HVACXjEN employs a data file containing component model information.

When a building shell is involved in a simulation, data files of weather

conditions and conduction transfer functions for multilayered constructs must

also be created. The program RDTAPE reads a weather tape (SOLMET, TMY, ULY,

or WYEC tape) or equivalent and selects a portion of the weather data that is

of interest. The selected weather data is transformed into the proper input

form for HODSIM by the program CSWDTA. If a weather tape is not available or information from a weather tape is missing, the CRWDTA program produces a

design day weather data file.

3
Preprocessing

L

Component Model

Configuration 7

L

simulation Work nie

( Weather A

• HVACQEN

r f rV t

* 7

ROTAPE

CRWDTA

Model

Definition File

Selected Weather Data

Weather

Data File

7

7-

/j

Thermal Propertlea

Bulldirtg Materials 7

CTFQEN

Conduction

Transfer

Functions

Simulation z

Boundary Variable Data nie 7

Z

Simulation

Control Data 7

MODSIM

^ Summary /

Outputs j

i.

Raw Output

Data 7n

Initialization File 7

Post processing

SORTSS

Plots

7

Sorted Da

for Plotting

Figure 1. Flow diagram of programs and data files of H\'ACSIM^

4
The conduction transfer functions of mul ti 1 ayered bui Iding constructs are

generated by the CTFGEN program. Except for the front end routines of CTFGEN

the main routines in CTFGEN are taken from the TARP program by Walton [9],

The thermal properties of building materials (thickness, thermal conductivity,

density, specific heat, and thermal resistance) can be entered into the data

bank by using CTFGEN and multilayered constructs can be formed interactively.

The MODSIM program is the heart of HVACSIM^. As shown in Figure 2, the MODSIM

program consists of a main drive program and many subprograms for input/output

operation, block and state variable status control, integration of stiff

ordinary differential equations, solving of a system of simultaneous nonlinear algebraic equations, component models of HVAC, controls, building

model, and supporting utility.

The simulation program, MODSIM, calls the model definition, conduction

transfer functions, weather, and boundary data files. The boundary data file

can be created with a conventional editor. The state variables associated

with this boundary data file are assigned when HVAGGEN generates the work file

for a particular simulation.

During the execution of MODSIM, simulation control input data can be entered

interactively on a terminal. After a successful simulation, three data files

are generated. These are the summary, raw output, and initialization data

files. After renaming the initialization file as the input file to MODSIM, a

5
Figure 2. The structure of MODSIM

6
new simulation can be performed starting from tbe point where the previous

simulation ended.

Postprocessing is necessary if graphical presentation of the raw outputs is

desired. The program, SORTSB, sorts the raw output data. The outputs of

these programs may then be used for plotting with a user- suppl ied graphic

routine.

It should be noted that the architecture of HVACSIM^ had been changed after

the overview paper [6] was presented.

7
3. MODULAR SIMULATION PROGRAM, MODSIM

MODSIM stands for MOOnlar SIMnlation. Many ideas for the design of MODSIM

came from the TRNSYS program, which was developed at the University of

Wisconsin Solar Energy Laboratory [1]. Hie original MODSIM was first written

in Fortran IV by Hill [3]. Since then, MODSIM has been rewritten in

structured Fortran 77 and modified significantly. Important features of the

current MODSIM program are described below.

3.1 Hierarchical. Modular Approach

A hierarchical simulation setup data file (model definition file) is employed

by MODSIM during a simulation. The hierarchical structure comprises

superblocks, blocks, and units. As illustrated in Figure 3, a number of units

(or a single unit) form a block, and a number of blocks (or a single block)

make up a superblock. Superblocks (or a single superblock) comprise a

simulation. Figure 3 shows a setup involving 8 units, 4 blocks, and 2

superblocks. Depending upon the status of the state variables in a block or

superblock, a system of equations in a block or in a superblock are solved

simultaneously. The coupling of superblocks is done weakly through the state

variables. In the interest of economy the whole simulation made up of

superblocks is not solved simultaneously.

Using a modular approach, a UNIT in MODSIM represents a component model of a

HVAC system, controls, or a building shell component. Each physical component

is modeled in the subroutine TTPEn, where n is the index number of the type

8
Figure 3. Hierarchical simulation setup

9
assigned to the specific component. More than one unit can call the same

TYPEn subroutine if the same component model is used more than once. For

example, if UNIT 2 and UNIT 4 in Figure 3 represent two different fans in the

HVAC system, the same TYPEl subroutine for a fan (n=l) can be used in the

simulation. Each subroutine of component model has inputs, outputs,

parameters, and a workspace vector for saving intermediate results. The

component model configuration data file, which is an input file to the HVACGEN

program, contains information on the numbers of inputs, outputs, parameters,

elements in the saved workspace vector, and a description of the inputs,

outputs, and parameters.

Each UNIT has its distinct index number for input and output variables, and

values of parameters. This information is transmitted to the corresponding

TYPEn subroutine through arguments.

This hierarchical, modular approach provides great flexibility in setting up a

simulation model. The actual breakdown of a building system into blocks and

superblocks is left to the user and depends upon the nature of the system and

the type of interactions among its various components. Proper 'blocking*

produces good simulation results and reduces computational time. Improper

'blocking' of a simulation model can result in a poor simulation.

3 .2 Controls of State Variables and Blocks

During a simulation, a large portion of time is spent in solving the system of

simultaneous equations. Reduction of the number of equations solved

10
simTil taneously in a block or a snperblock can result in considerable

computational savings. In MODSIM, vben some of the state variables reach

steady state, these variables are removed from the system of state variables

that are solved simultaneously, and put aside (or 'frozen'} until deviations

from the stea^^state values are encountered. The criterion for freezing a

variable is chosen as

1

1 1 |^n+l“ ^n

1 - 2 erj |+®a

(3.1)

here ^ state variables at the current and the previous

time, and e_ and e, are the relative and the absolute error tolerance,

respectively. These error tolerances must be specified vhen the simulation

work file is created using HVAOGEN.

Similarly, a block can be inactivated (or frozen) if al 1 the input variables

to the block are frozen. A block is marked active as soon as one of its block

inputs becomes unfrozen. When a block is frozen, it is no longer necessary to

monitor the frozen state variables in the block.

3 .3 Hybrid Simulation Time Steps

The MODSIM program incorporates tvo different types of time steps. One of

them is a fixed time step, and the other is a variable time step. The

building shell model uses a user— sel ected fixed time interval because the

building shell model needs the conduction transfer functions of building

constructs vhich are calculated on the basis of uniformly distributed time

11
sampling. In addition, weather data is usnal I 7 provided on the hourly basis.

Variable time steps are used for all other component models.

This multi-time step approach has its advantage in saving computation time.

Many component models for HVAC and controls systems involve ordinary

differential equations. When the system is unsteady, a large time step

invites numerical instability. To prevent this instability, small time

intervals are necessary at an initial startup of a simulation or during a

period when sudden change occurs. After the system become s stabi 1 ized, the

use of short time step is no longer needed and is wasteful.

Each superblock in a simulation is an independent subsystem in the sense that

it proceeds forward in time independently. The variable time step it

determined for each superblock, excluding the superblock for the building

shell, by the integration routine used to solve the systems of differential

equations. The largest time step allowed in a superblock is, however, limited

to the fixed time step used in the building shell model.

3 .4 Time Dependent Boundary Conditions

A state variable which is external to the system being simulated can be

designated as a boundary variable when the simulation work file is generated.

The boundary variables may be constant or time dependent. Data at the

boundary variables are stored in the boundary data file and read as the

simulation progresses. Time intervals in this data file are not required to

12
be equal, since a third order Lagrangian interpolation method is used.

Sometimes a change in a boundary variable may be discontinuous (e.g., set

point change). In such cases, the integration routine of differential

equations is reset at the time of discontinuity to bring the simulation time

step to a minimum value. This kind of reset condition is signaled by

including in the boundary data file two different data values of a boundary

variable at a given time.

13
4. NUMERICAL METHODS IN MODSIM

The ntunerical methods employed in the MODSIM program involve techniques for

solving systems of simultaneous nonlinear algebraic equations, integrating

stiff ordinary differential equations, and interpolating data sampled in

either a fixed period or variable time intervals. A large number of

subprograms in the ItK)DSIN are related to these numerical algorithms.

4 . 1 Nonlinear Equation Solver

The subroutine SNSQ with its associate subprograms is used in MODSIM. This

routine is a part of the mathematical software package SNLSE in the CMLIB

package, NBS [10], and was coded by Hiebert at Sandia National Laboratories

by combining the HYBRD and HYBRDJ in the MINPACE code developed by Argonne

National Laboratories [11]. The method used in the SNSQ program is based on

Powell's hybrid method [12]. Minor modifications were made to the SNSQ

routine to achieve better simulations with HVACSIM^.

A brief mathematical description of the SNSQ routine is presented following

closely the approach used in the paper by Hiebert [11].

The system of nonlinear equations can be written in vector form as

f (x) = 0 (4.1)

where

l = [tl- *2 3 = Cxi. (4.2)

Expanding f in a Taylor series, and neglecting the high order terms, the

14
linearized, approximate system becomes

f(x*) f(x^) + J(x^) (x* - x^) (4.3)

V V

where J(x ) is a Jacobian evaluated at x .

If X* is the solution vector of the system, then

f(x*) = 0.

The general iteration equation for given x^ near x* becomes

^fcfl = . (4.4)

The Newton step of the nonlinear system. Ax, can be expressed as

Ax = x^ -J"^(x‘^)f(x^) (4.5)

In efforts to reduce the number of calculations involved with this approach, a

quasi-Newton method is used in SNSQ. This method approximates the Jacobian

using the Broyden's rank-one update [13] instead of calculating the full

Jacobian at each iteration. The Jacobian is calculated at the starting point

by either the user-supplied subroutine or a forward-difference approximation,

but it is not recalculated until the rank-one method fails to give

satisfactory progress. If is the approximation of the Jacobian at the kth

iteration, then the updated Jacobian [14] is

®k+l = ^k ^®k% Xi.)5LV^\^k»

where ^ - x^, Vj^ = l(x^^ ^)“l(x^) , and fl'^k is the transpose of £^. In

the SNSQ routine, the inverse Broyden update is employed. With the inverse

Broyden update method, the inverse of the approximate Jacobian, is stored

and updated at each iteration.

15
The local convergence of the quasi-Newton method is snperl inear, and required

arithmetic operation per iteration is only O(n^), while the number of function

evaluations per iteration is also only n. The shortcoming of the quasi-Newton

method is that a good initial guess must be made for successful convergence.

To improve this property, Powell [12] suggested a hybrid method.

The hybrid step is a combination of the quasi-Newton and gradient step. The

gradient step is chosen to minimize the Euclidean norm of the residuals. The

Gauss-Newton [15] and the steepest scaled gradient steps are actually

incorporated in the SNSQ routine. The convergence test is successful so that

is a solution vector if the following condition is satisfied:

Il4k - s‘)ll <

or if f(z) = 0. In the above equation, d^ is the diagonal component of the

transformed Jacobian matrix using QR-factorization, e^ is the error tolerance

usually specified by the user, and the double bars denote the norms. In

HVACSIM^, the value of e^ is specif led when the model definition file is

created by the HVACGEN front-end program. Although the square-root of the

machine precision [16] is recommended for the value of e^ in the SNSQ routine,

the choice of the value depends upon the particular simulation setup and its

initial values. As a rule of thumb, e^ may be greater than or equal to the

sum of e_ and e..

r a

The bl ock/ superb lock structures, defined when a simulation setup is made, also

strongly influence the convergence characteristics. Even though the use of

hybrid step improves the convergence properties, making a good guess for

16
initial conditions is very important to ensure a successful simulation.

As an example. Figure 4 shows the simplified flow diagram for the iterative

procedure when and X

2 are solved simultaneously and x^ and x^ remain

constant at a time step. In the TYPE subroutines for two units in a block,

x^' and X

2

' are determined using the function and ¥2

* respectively.

Residual functions can be written as

fl(xi,X2,X3,X4) = xj' - xj = Fi (x2,i3) -

f2<Xi,X2,X3,X4) = X

2

' - X

2 = F2 (xj,X4) - X

2 (4.8)

These function vectors, fj^ and f2

, and state variables, x^, are entered into

the equation solver. When the convergence criterion as given by equation

(4.7) is met, the iteraction ceases, and the solutions x^* and X

2

* satisfy fj^

= f

2 - 0. After the solutions are obtained, the simulation time is increased

by h, which is either variable time step or fixed.

4 .2 Integration of Stiff Ordinary Differential Equations

The use of variable time step and variable order integration techniques to

solve sets of differential equations can reduce the amount of computer time

required for dynamic simulations significantly. The algorithm employed is the

one developed by Brayton, Gustavson and Hachtel [17]. This is an extension of

the famous Gear algorithm called DIFSUB [18], which uses the backward

differential formulas associated with Nordsieck's method [19].

17
Figure 4. Simplified flow diagram for the iterative procedure In

solving simultaneous, nonlinear equations

18
Tlie discussion whicli follows will be highlighted information of the method by

Brayton, et al [17]. Because a higher order ordinary differential equation

can be transformed into a system of first-order differential equations, only

integration of first order differential equations will be addressed.

A system of implicit differential algebraic equations can be expressed as

l(x,x,t) = 0 (4.9)

where x is a state variable vector which is a function of time, t, x is a

derivative of x. If the solution vector x(t) of equation (4.9) had been

obtained at previous discrete times, t=t^^, t=tj^j^,.., and then the

solution Xjj^

current time, satisfies

Kin+l* —n+1* ^n+1^ “ ® (4.10)

For stiff equations, the backward differentiation formula (BDF)

approximates the present value at in terms of and the k past

values Xj^, ^® k-th order backward differentiation formula

is

k

2 ®i -n+l-i'

i=0

(4.11)

where are constants and h is the present step size (fn+i“fn)* Setting

a(a^+ 2

) ~ ^n+1' substituting equation (4.11) into equation (4.10) yields a

set of nonlinear algebraic equations at time This system of

19
nonlinear equations can be solved by a nonlinear equation solver. In the

MODSIM program, the previously described SNSQ routine is employed to solve the

equations.

At the beginning of simulation, the initial values of at t=0 is used with

order k=l for x^. Knowing x^ and x^, the new value X

2 is computed using \.< 2 ,

and so on. The maximum order of k has been limited to 6 since the order k

seldom exceeds 6 in most applications.

As discussed already, the Newton method requires a reasonably good guess for

the initial iteration. The predicted value of for the initial guest is

formulated using the same regressor expression in equation (4.11).

where constants.

For the k-th order backward differential formula, the local truncation error

is given by

k+1

-n+l-i (4.12)

i=l

( 4 . 13 )

where

^n+1 ^n-k

h

( 4 . 14 )

and the term 0(h^**'^) represents higher-order terms in the step size of degrees

20
greater than or equal to k+2.

Although the algorithm for computation of and Yj presented by Brayton, et

al. is very complex, it was coded in MODSIM to improve computational

efficiency. Chua and Lin [20] explained the variable step-size, variableorder algorithm in a much easier way to follow.

Figure 5 shows a simplified flow chart of the algorithm for integration of

stiff ordinary differential equations which is implemented in MODSIM. In the

TYPE subroutine, the derivative of state variable x at time t = is

calculated. The difference between the derivative and the value of

backward differential formula as formulated in equation (4.11) is denoted as

g. The residual function is, in fact, a nonlinear algebraic equation given

by

8 = ®<^n+P

k

E

i=0

OLt Xi-n+l-i (4.15)

When is the solution of equation (4.15), g is zero. To find the solution

at the present time, numerical iteration using the SNSQ routine is performed

and convergence is checked. If the solution is converged close to the real

solution, the iteraction is terminated and the truncation error of backward

differential formula is computed and the order k and the step are determined.

The selected step and order are rejected if the truncation error is too large.

The strategy of selecting the order and step with the MODSIM is based on the

21
TYPE

BAKDIFF

FCN

SNSQ

CALM

ECNTRL

PREDIK

Figure 5. Simplified flow chart of the algorithm for integration

of stiff ordinary differential equations

22
condition

Ev ^ e,)

tf - t. (4.16)

where and t£ are the initial and final time considered in the integration

using the backward differential formula. The time interval, must be

provided as one of input values prior to simulation. This quantity is

specified during the time when the simulation work file is generated.

4 .3 Interpolation of Data

Lagrangian and spline interpolation techniques are used in the MODSIM program.

Interpolation of data points for the time dependent boundary variables is made

by using the 3rd order Lagrangian interpolation:

x(t)

(4.17)

where z(t) is the interpolated state variable at time t, and = z(t£)

For interpolating the hourly weather data,

spline interpolation by Ferziger [21]

interpolation formula is

X (t.) (t£^.l -t)

2

<‘i+l

6

yi^^i+1 “ ^ ^i+1 *i^

the computer program of the cubic

was implemented in MODSIM. The

It • I (t -tj) r 2

" (t -t.)

* h

6 i^i

» ^i-^-*i+l (4.18)

23
irhere = x(t£> for i=l, 2,...,n, and “ t^. The second derivatives

z"(t£) and i^2, 2 n~l are fonnd using the following set of

equations for the second derivatives of x(t) at nodes

20*1-1 +

’>i) V'Ohi)

= 6

^i+l ^i ^i ^i-1

$ 1“2

n 1 'i-1

(4.19)

The coefficients of these sets of equations from a tridiagonal matrix, and the

system can be solved for x" (t^), i=2,3 n-1 by using the Gaussian

elimination method.

Two additional equations are determined from the end conditions. Ferziger's

code uses the cantiler condition where

x"(tp = Xx"(t2

) and x"(tj = Xx"(tj^_i), (4.20)

and Xe[0, 1]

In the MODSIM, 24 points of each component weather data (temperature,

pressure, etc.) are read once each day, and the second derivatives of the

variable are calculated using the set of equations as shown in equation

(4.19). At a given time during the day, the interpolated value is evaluated

using equation (4.20) with X « 1.

24
5. BUILDING LOADS CALCULATION

In HVACSIM'*’, a bnil ding shel 1 model and a bni 1 ding z one mode 1 are used for

building thermal loads determination. These models were developed based on

Kusnda [22] and Walton [9]. Previously the building shell model contained the

zone model [6]. In this report, these models are distinguished. Ihe building

shell model utilizes a user-sel ected fixed time interval, while the zone model

uses variable time intervals.

Models for building loads calculation include the effects of different kinds

of building shell materials, air temperatures, the moisture content of the

air, lighting, equipment, occupancy schedule, solar radiation, wind velocit>,

orientations of the exterior building surfaces, and the effect of shadowing.

Since there are so many factors involved, seme simplifying assumptions had to

be made. Ihe major assumptions in the current EVACSIK^ program include:

(1) Uniform temperature distributions on a building surface (one

dimensional heat transfer across a wall)

(2) Uniform ground temperature distribution

(3) No effects of wind direction, rain, and snow

The approach taken uses the standard response factor method to calculate the

conductive heat transfer rates through the building shell. The conduction

transfer functions are computed once and stored prior to a simulatior. The

same time interval i;sed in the calculation of conduction transfer functions of

building constructs is applied as the period during which the conductive heat

25
I fluxes through the building surfaces are assumed to be invariant.

Primary routines for the building load determination are those dealing with

the calculation of building surface temperatures and zone loads. Walls and

zones are treated as component models, and are coded as TYPEn subroutines.

Because of the use of the fixed time step, the units representing building

surfaces must be in a superblock which is separate from those containing units

which use a variable time step.

The zone model calculates indoor air dry-bulb temperature and humidity ratio

on a variable time step basis and takes into account the dynamic operation of

the HVAC system and its controls, and thermal loads.

The building shell model contains three TYPE subroutines (TYPE50, TYPE51, and

TYPES3), and the building zone model is designated as TYPES2. In the

following sections, details of these TYPE subroutines are described.

26
S.l TYPE50: ZONE ENVELOPE

General Description

This subroutine combines information generated by the ITPE51 building surface

model. Convective beat gain from building surfaces and mean radiant

temperature are computed. Since this routine is a part of the building shell

model, it must be in a superblock which takes a user-selected, fixed time

step.

Nomenclature

2 area of the j-th building wall surface (m )

*^is.c, j

convective heat transfer coefficient of the j-th building

inner surface (W/m^K)

^is.r.

j

radiative heat transfer coefficient of the j-th building inner

surface (W/m^K)

^sol.

j

total solar radiation influx (W/m )

Ns number of wall surfaces in a zone (-)

^sl.r short wave radiant heat flux from the sun and the lights (W/m )

^sw.r short wave (visible) radiant heat gain from lights (W)

^Iw.r long wave (infrared) radiant heat gain from people and

equipment (W)

^all convective heat flow rate from building surfaces in a zone (W)

Ti zone air dry-bulb temperature (C)

'^is.j surface temperature of the j-th inner wall (C)

27
zone mean radiant temperature (C)

1 shading coefficient of the j-th building wall (-)

c» j

Uis j

short wave absorptanoe of the j-th inner wall (-)

T 1 transmittance of the j-th wall (-)

Mathematical Description

Short wave radiant heat fluxes from the sun and the lights in a

evaluated by using the following expressions:

^sl.

Ns

A— 4^0 4 4 4 ^

s, J J sol y J SW 0 X

^®is,j 's.j>

Convective heat flow rate across the air film between the zone

interior surface of the building shell is given by

N,

^al 1 S

j=l

^is, c, j^s, j^^is, j - T.)

The expression of mean radiation temperature is obtained from

N.

E ^is,r,j\,jTis,j ^lw,r

.1=1

^mr=

E^^is.r,j\.j

zone are

(5.1)

air and

(5.2)

(5.3)

28
Configuration

Inputs

1

Description

zone air dry-bulb temperature (C)

2 Qsw, r short wave radiant ]beat gain from lights (kW)

3 ^Iw, r long wave radiant heat

(kW)

gain from people and eq

4 ^is, 1 surface temperature of the 1 St inner wal 1 (C)

5 ^is,2 surface temperature of the 2nd inner wall (C)

6 ^is,3 surface temperature of the 3rd inner wal 1 (C)

7 ^is,4 surface temperature of the 4th inner wall (C)

8 ^is,5 surface temperature of the 5 th inner wall (C)

9

'*^is,6

surface temperature of the 6 th inner wall (C)

10 '^is,7 surface temperature of the 7 th inner wall (C)

11 ^is,8 surface temperatxire of the 8 th inner wall (C)

12 ^is,9 surface temperature of the 9 th inner wall (C)

13 "^is.lO surface temperature of the 10th inner wall (C)

Outputs

\r

^all

Description

mean radiant temperature (C)

convective heat gain from building surfaces (kW)

Parameters Description

1 IZN identification number of zone (-) , l^IZN^MAIZN

2 Ng number of building surfaces in a zone (-) , l£Ng<.MAXNS

29
Note that variables which are not identified as inputs, outputs, or

parameters, but used in the TTPESO subroutine, appear in COMMON blocks. It

should be noted that the unit for heat flow rates is kW for inputs and

outputs, although the unit of W is used in the mathematical description.

In the current version of HVACSIM'*', MAXZN = 6, and MAXNS = 10.

30
5.2 TYPE51: BUILDING SURFACE

General Description

This subroutine computes outer and inner surface temperatures of a building

surface construct, and determines average solar flux on the outer surface.

Because this TYPES 1 subroutine is a part of the building shell model, it must

be in a superblock which takes a user-selected, fixed time interval.

Nomenclature

sg

ss

h.is,c,

j

*^is,r, j

os, J

sol, j

N,

N

t

^i, j ,n

angle factor between ground and surface (-)

angle factor between sky and surface (-)

ground reflectivity (-)

convective heat transfer coefficient of the j-th building inner

surface (W/m^K)

radiative heat transfer coefficient of the j-th building inner

surface (W/m^K)

convective plus radiative heat transfer coefficient of the j-th

building outer surface (W/m^K)

direct normal solar beam radiation (W/m^)

ground reflective radiation (W/m^)

total horizontal solar radiation (W/m^)

average solar radiation influx on the j-th surface (W/m )

diffuse (sky) solar radiation (W/m^)

order of conduction transfer function calculation (-)

number of conduction transfer function terms (-)

current conductive heat flux at the inner surface (W/m^)

31
•^0, j,n

2 current conductive heat flux at the outer surface (W/m )

‘I'iJ conductive heat flux at the inside of the j-th surface at the

present time due to past temperature history

^ o,j conductive heat flux at the outside of the j-th surface at the

present time (W/m^)

^sl,r short wave radiation heat flux from the sun and lights (W/m^)

•^sol, o, j

solar heat flux on the outside surface of the j-th construct (W/m )

flux term related to overall conductance (-)

Sd fraction of shadowed area to total exposed surface area (-)

Ti zone air dry-bulb temperature (C)

^is, j

inside surface temperature of the j-th construct (C)

Tmr mean radiant temperature (C)

To outside air dry-bulb temperature (C)

Tqs,

j

outside surface temperature of the j-th construct (C)

"j overall conductance (W/m^K)

Vw wind speed (m/s)

j

X-component of conduction transfer function at the m time steps

ago (W/m^K)

>n, J Y-component of conduction transfer function at the m time steps

ago (W/m^K)

j

Z-component of conduction transfer function at the m time steps

ago (W/m^K)

^o.j X-component of conduction transfer function at the present time

(W/m^K)

32
Yo, j

Z

o. j

“os, j

p

r

e

0

Y—component of conduction transfer function at th.e present time

(W/m^K)

Z-component of conduction transfer function at the present time

(W/m^K)

radiation absorptance of the j-th inner surface (-)

radiation absorptance of the j-th outer surface (-)

solar altitude angle (degrees)

tilt angle (degrees)

solar beam incident angle (degrees)

surface azimuth angle (degrees)

solar azimuth angle from south (degrees)

Mathematical Description

Conductive heat flow through a multilayered construct has been solved

successfully by the response factor method, in which the surface temperature

of each homogeneous layer is represented by a series of pulse functions.

Based on the response factor method, conduction transfer functions are

calculated for a multilayered wall. A heat balance at the j-th interior

surface is used to determine the interior surface temperature by [9]:

h. .T. + hi .T + Ui 1 d t + a' . 1 + Y .T , T, , = i8,c,j 1 is,r,j^mr '*is,j ’*sl,r i,j *o,j*os,j _ is,j (5.4)

h • • + h • 1 + Z 3 is,c,j is,r,j ^o,j

The current conductive heat flux at the inner surface is

•^i.j.n ^o,j ^os,j ^o,j ^is,j (5.5)

33
where

Nt Nt

^

^os,j,nrm~ S

in=l nF=l

j

Nf

k=l

(5.6)

R

k,j ^i.j,n-k

In the equations above, the subscript n is the current time, while m denotes

the past time. Note that the time interval is fixed. The flux, R. > is

X, j

,

related to the overall conductance, U-, as

«l

N. N. N.

Ujd-

' L

k=i

»k,j)

't "t = L *m.j = 2 nF=0 IIF=0 m, j"t

= E

m=o

m, J (5.7)

The values of Rj^

j

and Uj as well as

j ^m J ^m j

computed by the

(7IF6EN program.

On the outside surface, which is exposed to sunlight (IEXP0S<=2), the outer

surface temperature can be computed by:

T o soX^Ofj 2#j os,j (5.8)

^os,j ^o,j ^l,j ^o,j

where

J.O/j.

h • . + h • • Z — J is,c,j is,r,j ^o,j

f« . = h* -T' + h- -T +ct- jQt 2,j is,c,j 1 xs,r,j*mr is,j ^sl,r ** i.j

^sol,o,j “os,j ^sol,j (3.9)

34
The current conductive heat flux at the outer surface is

^o,j,n ”

^o,j is,j j os,j ^ o, j

(5.10)

where

N. N,

’t "t

q' . = V Y i T. . - Y'

N.

m=l ai=l

’f (5.11)

^os,j,nrm, E ^k,j ^o,j,n-k

k““l

Vhe n the outside surface is exposed to another zone or to ground (lEXPO^l),

the outside surface temperature is equal to the inside surface temperature in

another zone for the same construct or to the ground temperature (T._ { =

'^'osinf ,

*

If a massive wall, which represents thermal mass, is within a zone (lEXPOS^O),

both the inside and the outside surface temperatures are considered to be

equal. The following expression can be used.

is, j ^os, j

^is,c,j^i ^is,r,j’*mr ^sl,r ^ i,j

*^is,c,j *^is,r,j ^o,j ~

^o,j

(5.12)

Solar fluxes on the interior and exterior surfaces are evaluated based on

either solar data from a weather tape or computation. When a surface has a

surface azimuth angle, which is the angle from the south to the projection

of normal to the surface onto the horizontal plane in cloclcwise direction, and

a tilt angle, x, which is the angle between the normal to the surface and the

35
normal to tlie horizontal plane, the cosine of incident angle of the sun's rays

is expressed by

COS0 = cosp cos(0 - siny + sinp cosy (5.13)

where Cl, and ^ are the incident angle, the solar azimuth angle from the

south, and the solar altitude angle, respectively.

Defining the angle factor between ground and surface, f__, and that between

5 g

sky and surface, f.., as

s s f-_ = 0.5 (1 - cosy) (5.14)

f__ = 0.5 (1 + cosy) (5.15)

the average solar radiation influx, on the j-th surface is given by

(5.16)

where I^, and are direct, diffusive, and ground reflective radiation,

is the shaded fraction of exposed outer surface.

^ = Ik (1 - cosO + I, f.. + I„ f,„ sol,j b d s 8s g sg

The ground reflective radiation is dependent on ground reflection, g^., and

total solar radiation on a horizontal surface, Ij^.

Ig'SrIh

Configuration

Inputs

1

2

3

Ti

mr

^osinf , j

Description

zone air dry-bulb temperature (C)

mean radiant temperature (C)

outer surface temperature of unexposed surface (C)

36
4 shaded fraction of exposed outer surface (-) , 0<.S^1

Outputs Description

1 T.IS, J inner surface temperature (C)

^ ^sol,j average solar radiation influx on the outer surface (W/m )

Parameters Descriptions

1 IZN identification number of zone (-) , 1^IZN_<MAXZN

2 j identification number of surface (-) , l^j^MAINS

3 lEXPOS 0 if the wall construct is inside the zone

1 if the wall construct is between zones or exposed to ground

2 if the wall construct is exposed to sunlight

4 ISTR identification number of construct (-) , l^ISTR^MAXSTR

' *s.j surface area (m^)

6 5 surface azimuth angle, measured from south to the projection of

normal to the surface onto the horizontal plane in clockwise

direction (degrees), 0±^<360

7 Y tilt angle of the surface, measured from the normal to

the surface to the normal to the horizontal plane (degrees),

OxY^lSO

Y = 0 for flat roof

Y = 180 for floor

8 gr ground reflectivity (-) , 0£gj,fl

9 IROFS outside surface roughness index (-) , l^IROFS_56

1 stucco

37
2 brick, rough plaster

3 concrete

4 clear pine

5 -— smooth plaster

6 glass, paint or pine

“os,j solar absorptance of the outer surface (-) , 0<a._ .<1 QSfJ “ “Is.j short wave absorptance of the inner surface (-) , 0<.O£g j<.l

12 8 .

•1 emissivity of the inner surface (-) , 0£8 ^£l

transmittance of the glass window (-) , 0<r_ ,<1

Tg

j = 0 for opaque wall

14 shading coefficient of glass window (-) , 0<S^<1

Sp = 0 for opaque wall

Note that variables which are not identified as inputs, outputs, or

parameters. but are used in the TTPESl subroutine, appear in (DMMON blocks.

In the current version of HVACSIM^, MAIZN = 6 , MAINS = 10. and MAXSTR » 10.

38
5.3 TYPES2; ZONE MODEL

General Description

In this TYPE52 subroutine, zone air temperature and humidity ratio are

computed based on zone loads. Most of the zone loads except convective heat

gain from building surfaces are internally determined in this subroutine. In

fact, this zone model belongs to the building shell model. However, the zone

model must be treated differently when the model definition file is created by

HVAOGEN because the zone model uses variable time steps.

Nomenclature

thermal capacitance of air (kJ/K)

effective thermal capacitance of furnishing (kJ/K)

Cp specific heat of zone air (kJ/kgK)

C_ _ specific heat of outdoor air (kJ/kgE)

p# V

Cp^

g specific heat of supply air (kJ/kgS)

e^ air mass multiplier for moisture capacitance of zone (-)

fjj ratio of convective heat to total sensible heat from lights (-)

f^^ ratio of long wave radiative heat to total sensible heat from

lights (-)

f sw ratio of short wave radiative heat to total sensible heat

from lights (-)

hfg latent heat of vaporization of water (kJ/kg)

air exchange rate (1/h)

“infl mass flow rate due to infiltration (kg/s)

39
m

s mass flow rate of supply air (kg/s)

number of people in the zone (-)

^equip,

convective heat gain from equipment (kW)

^equip, lat latent heat gain from equipment (kW)

^equip,

radiant heat gain from equipment (kW)

^infl sensible heat gain or loss due to infiltration (kW)

^light, c convective heat gain from lighting (kW)

flight, r, w

long wave radiative heat gain from lighting (kW)

^Iw, r long wave radiative heat gain in the zone (kW)

^peopl e, c convective heat gain from people (kW)

^pe ople, lat latent heat gain from people (kW)

^people, r radiative heat gain from people (kW)

sensible heat gain by supply air (kW)

•Q^sw, r short wave radiative heat gain (kW)

^all convective heat gain from building zone surfaces (kW)

ratio of radiative heat to total sensible heat from equipment

(-)

ratio of radiative heat to total sensible heat from people (-)

Ti zone air dry-bulb temperature (C)

To outdoor air dry-bulb temperature (C)

Ts supply air dry-bulb temperature (C)

Ue equipment utilization coefficient (-)

%ight lighting utilization coefficient (-)

Vi volume of zone air (interior space of zone) (n^)

40
^e, lat

%,iat

^p, s

Pi

Pinf 1

latent h.eat gain from equipment (kW)

sensible beat gain frc»n equipment (kW)

humidity ratio of zone air (-)

sensible heat gain from lights (kW)

humidity ratio of outside air (-)

latent heat gain from a person (kW)

sensible heat gain from a person (kW)

humidity ratio of supply air (-)

density of zone air (kg/m^)

density of infiltrated air (kg/m^)

Mathematical Description

Convective heat gains from people occupying the zone, from equipment such as

typewriters, computers, coffee pots, copying machine, etc. and from lights

are

^equip,

^light, c

= ” - Wp.s

= (1- V

^c^l ight^l ight

( 5 . 18 )

( 5 . 19 )

( 5 . 20 )

Latent heat gains from people and equipment are also considered, while

moisture absorptance and desorption by the building structure and interior

furnishings are not explicitly included in the building zone model.

people, lat ~

^p^p, lat

^equip, lat = ^e,lat

( 5 . 21 )

( 5 . 22 )

41
Long wave radiant heat gains from people, equipment, and lights, along with

the radiative heat from building surfaces are used to obtain mean radiant

temperature of the zone. The use of mean radiant temperature is much simpler

than using detailed radiant heat-exchange between wal 1 s. Short wave radiation

due to lights and the sun are not directly involved in the computation of the

mean radiation temperature.

Longwave radiative heat gains from people, equipment, and lights, are

Total longwave radiative heat gains are expressed as the sum of the above

equa tions

^ 1 pe opl e , r

equip, r

(5.23)

(5.24)

(5.25)

(5.26)

Short wave radiant heat gain from lighting is

(5.27)

Sensible heat gain or loss due to infiltration is given by

(5.28)

The zone air temperature is obtained using

(5.29)

42
Heat flow rate from building surfaces is computed by the shell model (TYPES

and TYPES 1) .

The heat gain by supply air is expressed as

C m

p, s s (Tj - Ti) (5.30)

Zone air humidity is calculated from the zone air moisture balance equation.

In terms of humidity ratio, W, the moisture content of zone air is expressed.

p. V1 ®m ^%eople,lat ^equip, lat^ ^^f g

+ "infl <»o -

*i> * "s <»s

-

»i)

(5.31)

where h^^ is latent heat of vaporization of water, which can be obtained from

the fluid pr operty library, and e^^^ is an air mass mul tipi ier for moisture

capacitance of zone. Outdoor humidity ratio, W^, comes from weather data.

Configuration

Inputs

‘ ’i,*

2 T^

3

4 P

s.g

S m.

Description

gauge pressure of zone air (kPa)

zone air dry-bulb temperature (C)

humidity ratio of zone air (-)

gauge pressure of supply air (kPa)

mass flow rate of supply air (kg/s)

43
« Ts supply air dry-bulb temperature (C)

7 W3 humidity ratio of supply air (-)

® ^al 1 convective heat flow rate from building surfaces (kW)

9 Np number of persons in the zone (-)

10 equipment utilization coefficient (-) , 0<D <1

11 l^light lighting utilization coefficient (-) , ®^^iight—

Outputs Description

1 Ti zone air dry-bulb temperature (C)

2 Wj humidity ratio of zone air (C)

^ ^sw,r shortwave (visible) radiant internal gain from lights

(kW)

^ ^Iw, r long wave (thermal) radiant internal gain from people,

equipment, and lights (kW)

Parameters Descriptions

1 IZN identification number of zone (-) , l^IZhkMAlZN

2 fur effective thermal capacitance of furnishing (kJ/K)

3 ®m air mass multiplier for moisture capacitance of zone (-)

4 Vi volxone of zone air (interior space of zone) (m )

3 Is, air standard air exchange rate (1/h)

« Vs sensible heat gain from a person (kW)

’ Vi.t latent heat gain from a person (kW)

8 Wlight heat gain due to lighting in the zone (kV)

9 LIGHT type of lighting

44
1 for fluorescent lights

2 for incandescent lights

10 « sensible heat gain due to equipment (kW)

e, s

11 1 . 4. latent heat gain due to equiinnent (kW)

12 r. ratio of radiative heat to total sensible heat from

e equipment (-) , 0 <r ^<l

Note that the following constant values are assigned in the DATA statement in

the TYPE 52 subroutine:

rp = 0.7

for fluorescent lights, f^ = 0.6, fj^ = 0.2, and f^^ = 0.2

for incandescent lights, f^ = 0.1, fj^ = 0.8, and f^^ = 0.1

45
5.4 TYPES3: WEATHER INPUT

General Description

This TYJrti53 subroutine places weather data read by the RISNY subroutine into

the state vector. The inputs are really just for mnemonic purposes. The

parameters are the indices of the variables. Input indices should always

equal parameter values. This routine does nothing when the building shell

model is not used, and is optional when the building shell model is used. One

unit per simulation is sufficient, and it is recommended that the unit using

the TYPES3 subroutine should be placed in the same superblock where the

building shell portion is modeled (TTPE50 and TTPE51).

Configuration

Inputs

2

3 Po

4 Ib

5 Is

6 Ih

Description

outdoor air temperature (C)

outdoor air humidity ratio (-)

barometric pressure (kPa)

direct normal solar beam radiation (W/m^)

diffuse (sky) solar radiation (W/m^)

total horizontal solar radiation (W/n^)

Outputs Description

none

46
Parameters Description

1 NTOA index for To

2 NVOA index for Wo

3 NPOA index for Po

4 NDN index for h

5 NSKY index for h

6 NHOR index for If.

47
6 . UTILITY ROUTINES FOR BUILDING LOADS CALCULATION

The TYPE subroutines for building loads determination require routines for

property of moist air, heat transfer coefficients, view factors, and air

exchange rate. In addition, the building shell model needs weather data and

conduction transfer functions of building constructs as mentioned previously

(see Figure 1).

6 . 1 Properties of Moist Air

When humidity ratio of moist air, is given, the specific heat of air, C^,

can be obtained from [23]

Cp = 1 + 1.805 W (kJ/kgK) (6.1)

The density of moist air, p, can be computed by

P = Pdry <1+W) = P-Pw

R«(T+273)

. ® J

(1+W) ikg/v?) ( 6 . 2 )

where W is humidity ratio, R^ is the gas constant for dry air (^0.287055

kJ/kgK), P is atmospheric pressure, and P^ is the vapor pressure which is

given by

Pw = WP

W + 0.62198 (kPa) (6.3)

Humidity ratio at saturation state can be determined from

W

0.62198

(-) sw sat ~ P - P (6.4)
where is saturated vapor pressure (kPa) and can be computed by [24]

sw = 3 .376 EXP 15.463 - , L 1.8T + 424 (kPa)

(6.5)

Hie function CP contains the expressions for moist air.

6 .2 Air Exchange Rate

The air exchange rate is calculated using wind speed, and the dry-bulb

temperature difference between indoor and outdoor air [25].

lair " ^s,air (0.013) (2.2369) + (0.005) ( 1.8) IT^, - T^|]/0.695

( 6 . 6 )

where I. _• and are standard air exchange rate (1/h), and wind speed (m/s)

S > & X 7 w respectively. Standard air exchange can be chosen one of the following

V al ue s

Living space - 1.5 for leaky building

1.0 for standard building

0.5 for moderately tight building

Attic space - 20.0 for mechanical ventilation

6.0 for natural ventilation

Crawl space - 3.0

The air exchange rate expression is in the (H* function.

6 .3 MRT View Factors

Radiation exchange between zone surfaces is obtained by using the mean radiant

temperature network (NRTN) method introduced by Carroll [26]. Surfaces

interact with a mean radiant temperature instead of directly with each other.

49
Because of it, the nxunber of interactions is reduced from n^ to n. The MRT

network method includes a factor called 'MRT view factor' which is expressed

by

1

j “ _ ^s»j ' j~l»2,...,Ng

N,

E

(6.7)

2 where A • is the j-th surface area (m ), and N_ is the number of surfaces in

5 j J 5 the zone. This equation is solved iteratively. Maximum number of iterations

is assigned to be 100 in DATA statement of the VIEW subroutine. The

subroutine VIEW was written to compute the view factors based on the TARP

package. The VIEW subroutine is called at the beginning of simulation, and

the calculated view factors are stored for succeeding computations.

6 .4 Heat Transfer Coefficients

The convective heat transfer coefficient of the j-th inner surface is obtained

from one of the following expressions [9]:

0.333

_ 9.482 I '^i - ^is. i I ^is,c,j " 7.238 - I Cosy I if T-^ Tj (6.8)

0.333

_ 1.810 I ^i - ’’^is.l I “is,c,j ~ 1.382 + I Cosy I if j< (6.9)

50
where y denotes the tilt angle of the surface from horizontal plane. The unit

of heat transfer coefficients is watts/n^K.

Using view factors of surf ace s which enclose the zone (see equation (6.7)),

the radiant heat transfer coefficients are computed. For the j-th surface,

the coefficient is

is,r,j = 4o(Tt, ) + 273)

_1 +

l-«j

F. T- J J

( 6 . 10 )

where a is Stephan-Bol tzmann's constant (=5.670X10"’^watts/n?K^) , Fi the view

•I factor, and Cj the emissivity.

The convective plus radiative heat transfer coefficient, h__ , is given in a VSp J simple expression as a function of wind speed, V^(m/s).

h . = a + a,V + a„ (6.11) os,j o 1 w 2 w

in which a^, a^^, and ^2 are coefficients which can be determined by the

surface roughness index. Walton provided the values of these coefficients

with respect to roughness index in his TARP reference manual [9]. The wind

speed is the reported value without modification for surface height or

orientation.

51
IROFS ^2

1 11.58 5.894 0.0

2 12.49 4.065 0.028

3 10.79 4.192 0.0

4 8.23 4.000 -0.057

5 10.22 3.100 0.0

6 8.23 3.330 -0.036

The function HISCF contains expressions for heat transfer coefficients.

52
7. CONDUCTION TRANSFER FUNCTION CALCULATION

Conduction transfer functions of walls, floors, roofs, and windows are

required by the TYPES 1 subroutine for a building shell modeling. The

subroutine also needs a term related to conductive heat fluxes on both

external and internal surfaces of constructs. The CTFGEN program calculates

the conduction transfer functions and the flux transfer functions. In this

section, the overview of CTFGEN and the methodology employed in CTFGEN for

computing conduction transfer functions will be described.

7 . 1 Overview of CTFGEN

The CTFGEN program consists of two portions: the front end and the main

routines. In the front end portion, inputs and output operations are handled,

and in the main routine, conduction transfer functions and flux transfer

functions are determined. Thermal properties of building materials

(thickness, thermal conductivity, density, specific heat, and thermal

resistance) are stored in a sequential access data file (IHERM.DAT). By using

CTFGEN, thermal properties of additional building materials can be added in

the data file. User selected building materials can be composed to form a multilayered building construct (sometimes called construction), after

selecting necessary thermal property data from a temporary, direct access

file, which contains the same information in the sequential access file.

The main calculation routine was originated from TARP, (slightly modified from

BLAST) and its calculation procedure is as follows:

53
( 1) Determine tlie upper and lower bounds for searching roots (poles) for

residue calculation and determine the roots (SEARCH)

(2) Calculate derivative matrices and total construct matrices, and

obtain residue elements for nonrzero poles (DER, MATRIX)

(3) Calculate zero residue elements (ZERORE)

(4) Compute response factors and determine high order conduction

transfer functions (RFCOMP)

(5) Check convergence. If not converged, reduce the increment for

searching and go to step (1)

(6) Calculate flux transfer functions

Since a discussion of the calculation procedure involves a lengthy

mathematical description, only important expressions will be reviewed in this

report. Further detailed information may be found in references [27, 28].

7 .2 Heat Conduction of a Multilayered Construct

Equation for heat conduction for a one-dimensional heat flow in a homogeneous

layer of building material is given by

a^T(x.t) _ dT(x.t) (7.1)

2 P

x-^

where T(x, t) is the temperature k, p,

density, and specific heat, respectively.

q(x, t) = - k —

dx

and C^ are thermal conductivity.

The heat flux through the slab is

(7.2)

54
Assuming that k, p, and are constant and T(x,0)=0, and applying Laplace

transform on the above equations, ordinary differential equations in terms of

X and Laplace parameter s are obtained.

d^T(x. s)

dx2

and

- T(x.s)

q(x, s) ^

dT(x.s)

dz

(7.3)

(7.4)

where a is thermal diffusivity defined by k/pC^. Imposing boundary conditions

on equations (7.3) and (7.4) such that

Tj(s) = T(o,s), T

2

(s) = T(S,,s), q^(s) = q(0,s), and q2

(s) = q(S,,s), where

I is the thickness of the construct, a matrix expression is obtained.

r

— Tj(s) = A(s) B(s) T2(s)

qi(s) C(s) D(s) _q2(s)_

where A(s) = cosh (J2^v^)

B(s) “ ^sinh ()iv^

C(s) = k /| sinh (2,»^)

D(s) = cosh (Hv^)

(7.5)

Since a multilayered construct also has the same form of transfer matrix

55
(transmission matrix) as the singl e- 1 ay ered construct, the total construct

matrix for n layers becomes

A(s) B(s) Aj^ ( s ) ( s

)

\(s) B^U)'

C(s) D(s) q(s) Dj^(s)

a • • C„(.) D„(s)

Equations (7.5) and (7.6) are coded in the subroutine MATRIX.

When the j-th layer of a multilayered construct has very low thermal

capacitance, the transfer matrix of the j-th layer yields

1 im

C.-^o

*1

Aj(s) Bj(s)

Cj(s) Dj(s)

H.

-J. (7.7)

Heat flux equations on the outer (j=l) and inner (j=n+l) surfaces of the

multilayered construct can be expressed as

qo(s) DLsI

B(s)

1B(s)

To(s)

1

•H 1

1B(s)

_ ALsl

B(s)

T^(s)

where T^j(s) = Tj(s) and T^(s) =

With the sign convention for heat fluxes in the TARP program, the heat f 1 as

leaving the surface has a positive sense, as shown in Figure 6. Using this

convention, equation (7.8) can be rewritten as

56
^2 ^n-1

Figure 6. A multilayer construct

57
(7.9)

%is)

B(s)

1B(s)

T„(s)

qi(s)

L .

1B(s) _ Aj.s.)

B(s)

Ti(s)

Heat flux equations in the time domain can be obtained by applying the

inversion theorem of the Laplace transform to equation (7.9).

7.3 Response Factors

Assuming that the boundary temperature functions, T^(t) and T^(t), can be

represented by a series of pulse functions with a uniform time interval,

equation (7.9) can be written as

r- m TM qo(s) _ 1 B(s) B(s) = P(s)

qi(s) 1 _ ALsI Ti,t-m<">

B(s) B(s)

-

where m=0 , 1 ,2 ,... ,®, and P(s) is a pulse function in Laplace transform. The

subscript t-m denotes the past time lagging m6 from the current time. The

variable 8 is sample time.

If the pulse function is represented by a triangular pulse with base of 26 and

unit height, and if response factors are defined as follows:

external response factor: P(s)

B(s)

5 8

hfO ,1,2...

(7.11)
cross response factor: iif0,1,2 . . . (7.12) Ym = L

-1

P(s)

B(s)

internal response factor: Zj^ = L

-1

P(s)

B(s)

df=0,1,2 (7.13)

then the heat fluxes can expressed in terms of response factors.

00

mF=0

«li(t) L

(7.14)

Kusuda [27] and Hittle [28] described well the procedure for computing

response factors in detail.

The general formula for inverting a Laplace transformed expression q(s) based

on Cauchy's residue theorem is given by

q( t) = —

q(s)e®^ ds =51 Res(aj) (7.15)

where t is time, and a. is the j-th pole which is a root determined by setting

«l the denominator of q(s)e®^ to be zero, i.e, B(s)=0.

A modified false position method is implemented for finding roots of an

algebraic equation, and coded in the ILLINI subroutine. Improved root search
technique associated with the false position method was also used as suggested

by Hittle and Bishop [29] in the subroutine SEARCH.

Generalized equation for response factors with roots Pj ( j=l,2 , . . . ,®) is

Fm

m

(-1) a„

^mR( s)

B(s) +

R*( s) _ R(s) B* (s)

6B(s) 6[B(s)]^

s=0 (7.16)

® R(s) e " E

-(m*-l)8p? 8p?

(1 - c^e

j=l 6pjB'(s)

where R'(s) and B'(s) are derivatives of R(s) and B(s).

^m m ®m

nF=0 1 1 0

mp 1 1 0 2

m>l 0 0 1

Fm R(s) R'(s)

D(s) D'(s)

1 0 m

Zm A(s) A'(s)

Total derivatives of A(s), B(s), and D(s) are evaluated by differentiating the

total construct matrix with respect to Laplace parameter s.

60
(7.17)

A'(s) B'(s) A(s) B(s)

^ d

ds

C'(s) D'(s) C(s) D(s)

The subroutine DER computes the derivatives and the residue for non-zero

poles, , which is shown as the second term of equation (7.16). A portion

of zero residue (s=0) is calculated in the ZERORE subroutine, and its result

is combined with that by the DER subroutine to form equation (7.16) in the

subroutine RF(X)MP.

An important property of response factors is

CO 00 00 Lk

OF=0 hfO nF=0

(7.18)

where U is the overall conductance represented by

U =

n ^i n (7.19)

r^ is the thermal resistance of the i-th layer.

7 .4 Conduction Transfer Functions

As seen in equation (7.16), response factors when m>l have the same form.

^m " S (7.20)

j=l

61
where Xj

-8P^ . e j and g. R(s) (1 - e^Pj)^

6p]B'(s)

s= -pi

The subscript j is the index of the roots of B(s)=0, all of which are located

on the negative real axis.

Based on equation (7.20), conduction transfer functions (CTF) are defined such

that for j-th order

( 7 . 21 )

( 7 . 22 )

F- = F J,o ^o

F-j,m — Fj-l,m • 1 _ X" F- 1 1 J j-l,m-l

For internal, cross, and external conduction transfer functions, F< _ is

J »®

replaced by X- , Y- , andZj _, respectively. Calculation of high order

J#*** J#TM

conduction transfer functions continues starting from the first order (j>>l)

until the following condition is met:

I 1 - I <e (m=l, 2 ,. .), ( 7 . 23 )

where

H

k

1 = 1

k,ffl u n (i-x.)

j=l ^

and e is a small number.

When the convergence condition is satisfied, the resulting order is k. In

62
CTF6EN, the maximim order chosen is 5.

After computing CTF using equation (7.22), these CIF are again adjusted.

^

n/®k, m

Z_ — Zt. _/ Ht. _ m x,m x,m

The and Zji^ for m=l,2,... are calculated for each construct and stored

in an output data file ( CTFDATA. DAD

Conductive heat flux equation incorporating with CTF are then represented by

^i(t)

Nt

E

nF=0

N N,

Y T

m o, t-m

t X] ^m ^i , t-m

BF=0 j=l

R. ^i, t-j (7.25)

qo<t)

Nt

E

m-0 m ^i, t-m

Nt Nf

^ ^

^o, t-m ”

^o, t-j m=0 j=l

(7.26)

where Rj is the flux-related variable (flux transfer function). For N£=S,

Peavy [30] presented R- values in terms of k,. See the subroutine RFCOMP.

J J Calculated values of R- are also stored in the output data file to be called

*1 by the TYPES 1 subroutine.

63
8 . WEATHER DATA

When a simulation involves building thermal loads, weather data are required

by MODSIM, Tbe subroutine RDENV in MODSIM expects to read outside air drybulb temperature, humidity ratio, barometric pressure, wind speed, direct

normal solar beam radiation, sky diffuse radiation, and total horizontal solar

radiation for each hour. The hourly weather data are interpolated for a

fraction of an hour by using the spline interpolating routine which was

explained in the section 4.3.

The program RETAFE reads a weather tape (see Figure 1) and writes the selected

weather data on an output data file (WTPOUT.DAT). The weather data in the

file are transformed into the proper input format required by RDENV by the

program CRWDTA. If a weather tape or equivalent is not available or some

information from a weather tape is missing, CRWDTA generates artificial data

to fill missing portions.

8. 1 Weather Tape Reading Routine

The program RDTAFE requires inputs for the type of weather tape, the weather

station identification nnmber, and the beginning and ending dates of selected

weather information. The conventional data is converted into Jul ian day and

positioning a tape is performed based on the Julian day.

Since, for simplicity, the effects of rain, snow, and wind direction are not

considered in the current version of HVACSIM"^* subroutines for reading

64
tapes were simpl if ied accordingly. RDTAPE is capable to read f our kinds of

tapes: 'NOAA SOLMET/ 'NO AA Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) . ' 'NOAA Te s

Reference Year (TRY),' and 'Weather Year for Energy Calculation (WYEC),'

tapes. Host of the subroutines in RDTAPE are based on BLAST [3 1] and TARP.

8.2 Weather Data File Generation

The program CRWDTA allows several options. It can read the output of RDTAPE

and rewrite the information in the format required by RDENV, dividing total

horizontal solar radiation values into beam and diffuse components if

necessary. Alternatively, it can generate smooth 'design day' solar radiation

and temperature data for a clear or cloudy sky design day. The latitude,

longitude, and time zone data must be entered at the beginning of data file

generation by CRWDTA. The output data file of CRWDTA (WEATHER.DAT) contains

month, day, hour, dry-bulb temperature (C), humidity ratio (-), barometric

pressure (kPa), wind speed (m/s), direct beam solar radiation (W/m ), sky

2 2 diffusive radiation (W/m ), and total horizontal radiation (W/m ).

If information on direct beam or sky diffuse radiation is missing from a

weather tape (e.g., WYEC tape), the direct and diffuse radiation values are

computed by the subroutine WTPINP in the CRWDTA program. In order to use the

correlation, equation of time, E, declination angle, 8, extraterrestrial

normal radiation intensity, are calculated using equations presented by

Duffie and Beckman [32].

^ = h: 19.87 sin(2B) - 7.53 cos(B) - 1.5 sin(B)] (h) (8.1)

65
8 = 23.45 sin [2n(284+n)/365] (degrees) ( 8 . 2 )

®o,n" [1+0.033 cos (2nn/365)] (W/m^) (8.3)

where B = 2n(n-81)/364

n is the day of year, l_<n^365

Sunrise time, t^^., and sunset time, t^^, are

= {Lm - y

15

t = /long _

I 15

In the above equation, LONG is longitude angle in degrees, and u>^ sunset hour

angle given by

(Dg = cos ^ [- tan(L) tan(8) ] (8.6)

where L is latitude angle in degrees. Time zone number, TZN, in the United

States for standard time is 4 = Atlantic, 5 = Eastern, 6 Central, 7

Mountain, or 8 = Pacific.

When total horizontal radiation, is zero, direct beam and diffuse

radiation values are also zero. The following discussion refers only to hours

>)- TZNI - E +

IZNl - E +

(8.4)

(8.5)

66
with non^zero I

Since solar radiation data are generally integrated energy or average power

over a period of an hour, the program uses the solar hour angle half an hohr

ago to represent the average solar position for the hour. Exceptions occur

for the two hours each day which include sunrise or sunset. In the se case s,

only time interval after sunrise and before sunset is considered. Denoting

and (1)2 as solar hour angle at the beginning time and the ending time,

respectively, for the i-th hour of the day, these hour angle expressions are

The cosine of the solar zenith angle, Z, is calculated using the average of

and (1)2 •

Extraterrestrial horizontal radiation, I^, is a time averaged value for an

hour from to 0)2 •

wi = ^

[max(ti_i t--) - 12 + E + TZN] 2- LONG

1 12 11, sr jgQ

(8.7)

( 8 . 8 )

cos(Z) = sin(6) sin(L) +cos(6) cos(L) cos[ (o)^ + a>2)/2] (8.9)

67
Iq ( 8 . 10 ) = ^ Gq^ n^cos(L) cos(5) [ sin((D2 ) - sin((oi) ] +((D2“U)i) sin(L) sin(8)

If direct beam radiation, is known and diffuse radiation, I^, is missing,

tbe value of is obtained from

Is = Ih - I|,cos(Z) (8.11)

If I^ is known while I^^ is not given, I^ is computed from

Ib = (Ih - Is)/cos(Z) (8.12)

When both I^ and I|^ are unknown, the estimation of I^ is made using the

hourly diffuse correlation of Erbs, Uein, and Duffie [33].

I

I^ = 1.0 - 0.09 kj for 0<kx<0.22

h

= 0.9511 - 0.1604 k.j. + 4.388 k| ~ 16.638 k^ 12.336 kl}.

for 0.22 <kj<0.80

(8.13)

= 0.165 for 0.80<kj.a.0

where kj. is the hourly clearness index given by

kj=Vlo (8.U)

68
With Ig obtained by equation (8.13), is calculated using equation (8.12).

The weather tapes mentioned previously do not give humidity ratio but dew

point temperature. The humidity ratio is determined using the dew point

temperature. Refer to section 6.1 and the function WF.

The program CRWDTA generates smooth artificial design day weather data if a

weather tape or equivalent data file is not available. Clear or cloudy sky

design day data can be created after entering input data: initial day and

month, number of days for which weather calculation will be made, barometric

pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, minimum and maximum dry-bulb

temperature s.

To create cloudy sky design day data (ISFLAG =3), a fixed value of daily

clearness index, k^., must be given. With this kj, hourly clearness index, kj,

at the i-th hour of day can be calculated from the following relation:

(8.15)

where a = 0.409 + 0.5016 sin(ta)^ - tt / 3 )

b = 0.6609 - 0.4767 sin(Wg - tt/3)

Total horizontal radiation, Ij^, is then obtained

^h ~ ^^o (8.16)

69
Knowing equations (8.11) and (8.12) give the values of and I^. See the

subroutine SCK.AR.

Clear sky design day data (ISFLAG=2) is generated by the subroutine SOLAR in

CRWDTA. CRWDTA hnplonents all three methods presented by Machler and Iqbal

[34]. The method used by the program depends upon user's responses to

questions asked when clear sky data generation is requested. Horizontal

visibility, geographic correction factor, and precipitable water are involved.

Method 1 is the simplest method, which is a modification of the ASHRAE clear

sl^ irradiation algorithm. When horizontal visibility is zero, the method 1

is used.

where A^^, and are apparent solar constant, exponential attenuation

coefficient, and diffuse fraction factor, respectively. These are sets of

twelve constants, one for each month. Machler and Iqbal presented modified

values of Aj^, Bj^, and Cj^. The variable o is defined by

h = ^A (8.16)

(8. 17)

a <P/Po)/cos(Z) (8. 18)

7 0
in which P, and Z are barometric pressure, standard atmospheric pressure

(=101.3kPa) and zenith angle, respectively.

The correction factor for regional variation, k^, is 'clearness number' listed

in ASHRAE Handbook (e.g., 1981 Fundamentals, p. 27.8) [35].

Method 2 uses horizontal visibility at ground level as a parameter of

atmospheric turbidity. If horizontal visibility is not zero, but precipitable

atmospheric moisture is zero, the method 2 is used.

^b " ®o,n "^a (0.775)^^®-^^ (8.19)

I

3 = (0.1 + 0.3/VIS) (8.20)

where f(x) is defined by o* (i.e., f(0.5) = a®*^) , VIS is horizontal visibility

at ground level in km, and t

^

is atmospheric transmittance.

Tg = (1 - 1.13 (8.2 1)

Method 3 is applied to modify the equation for I|^, if a non-zero value for

precipitable water is given.

Ib = Tg (0.775)^^®*^^ (1.0223 - 0.00149M) (8.22)

where M is the precipitable water in mm.

71
Approximated dry-bulb temperature calculation is made using empirical values

shown in the table of ASHRAE Handbook [35] for summertime. For the ir-thhour,

Ti = Tmai ’

‘^max ‘

Tmin> Oi/WO

where ^min' ^i design day maximum, minimum temperatures, and

percentage of the daily range as empirical values. This temperature

calculation is coded in the subroutine DB. Note that equation (8.23) is not

valid for wintertime. Calculation procedure for wintertime temperature has

not been implemented in CRWDTA.

Assuming constant relative humidity for a day, hourly humidity ratio is

computed using the expressions in ASHRAE Handbook p. 6.4. The subroutine

HUMIDT determines the hour 1 y humidity ratio.
9. SIMULATION PROCEDURE

Generally, a computer simulation using HVACSIM+ involves three steps:

preprocessing, simulation, and postprocessing.

9.1 Preprocessing - Input Data Generation

(1) Creation of Simulation Work File

The building load and the system component portions are considered as

separate parts. The type description file (TYPAR.DAT) must be accessible

by both HVA06EN and SLIHOON. See the Reference Manual [7] and the Users

Guide [8] for details.

Building Load Ccxnponent Portion

( i) Draw a sketch of the building to be simulated and divide the

building shell into a number of zones as necessary.

(ii) Make block diagrams for the building load components and assign a

UNIT number to each component along with the proper TYIR number.

(iii) Fill out all the required information on the worksheets, which are

appended in APPENDIX B, for the building load components: TYPE50,

TYPE51, TYPE52, and TYPE53.

( iv) Execute the HVAOGEN program. During the execution, enter necessary

data which was prepared on the worksheets. Note that one of

SUPERBLOCKS is reserved only for the zone envelope (TYPE50), the

building surface (TYPE51), and the weather input (TYPE53). Zone

73
models (TTFE52) should reside in the other SUFEKBLOCK or SUPERBLOCKS

which may also contain the system component models.

System Component Portion

( i) Draw a sketch of the building system to be simulated.

( ii) Make block diagrams for system components which serve the zones, and

assign a UNIT number to each component with a proper TYPE number,

(iii) Fill out all the required information on the worksheets, which are

appended in APPENDIX in reference [8], for the system components.

( iv) Execute the HVACGEN program. Enter necessary information and edit

the simulation work file if needed.

(2) Creation of Model Definition File

After creating the simulation work file, the SLIMOON program can generate

the model definition file (MODELDEF.DAT) for the MODSIM program from the

simulation work file. Since it is very difficult to make any changes in

the model definition file, any changes should be made in the simolatlon

work file instead.

(3) Creation of Boundary Variable File

Any explicitly defined, indexed input or output variables in TYPEn

subroutines can be boundary variables.

( i) Edit the simulation work file to declare the boundary variables

using the HVACGEN program.

(ii) Make a boundary data file (BOUNDARY.DAT) using a user's editing

program. The first column of the boundary variabe data file must

74
contain values of time (Time intervals need not be equal). For step

changes, two sequential records should be entered having the same

value of time but different values of a boundary variable.

(4) Creation of Conduction Transfer Function File

( i) Find out what kind materials are used to form the building envelope

element ( wall, roof, ceiling, floor, partition, or window).

( ii) Search the thermal property data bank of building materials

(IHERM.DAT) whether required data are available. If not, obtain

thermal property data from other sources.

(iii) Execute the CTFGEN program interactively to add thermal property

data and/or obtain conduction transfer functions of the specific

constructs. When a construct has very low thermal capacitance

(Cp?%iO), the value of thermal resistance must be specified. The

output file of CTFGEN ( CTFDATA. DAT) will be used by the RDENV

subroutine of the MODSIM program.

(5) Creation of Weather Data File

( i) Execute the RDTAFE program interactively to read weather information

from a weather tape or equivalent.

( ii) Using the output file of the RDTAPE program (WTPOUT.DAT), execute

the CRffDTA program to create the weather data file (WEATHER.DAT) for

the subroutine RICNV of the MODSIM program. If no weather tape data

is accessible or for simplicity it is not desired to use a weather

tape for simplicity, an artificial weather data file can be

generated by the CRWDTA program.
9.2 Siaulation

(1) Allocation of Output Files

The output files of the MODSIM program, MODSUM.DAT, MODOUT.DAT. and

1NIT0UT.DAT, are automatically allocated on the computer disk storage

spaces by the Fortran?? OPEN statements in the MODSIM.

(2) Execution of MODSIM

A simulation is performed by MODSIM using previously created data files.

During the execution, some of the data can be monitored on the screen of

a computer terminal. With the building model, a simulation involves tvo

steps of execution. The first step is the initialization run for

temperature and flux histories for computation of conductive heat

transfer rates for a given period of time, usually 24 hours. The second

step is the actual simulation.

(3) Continuation of Simulation

At the end of each run of MODSIM for a given period, the output file,

1NIT0UT.DAT, is created. This file has all of the data which are needed

to continue the simulation at the next time period. However, INITODT.DAT

must be renamed as INITIN.DAT before the next, continuing simulation is

begun. Otherwise no continuation of the simulation is made.

9 .3 Postprocessing - Output Data Analysis

Execution of the SORTSB program produces a sorted data file for a

specific SDPERBLOCK from the MODOUT.DAT file. This step is necessary to

generate an input file for a user- suppl ied plotting routine, if moro that

one SUPE^LOCK is associated.
10 . REFERENCES

[1] Klein, S.A., et al., 'TRNSYS, A Transient System Simulation Program,'

Report 38-12, University of Wisconsin, Dec. 1983.

[2] Kelly, G.E., Park, C. , Clark, D.R., and May, W.B., 'HVACSIM^, A Dynamic

Bail ding/ BYAC/ Control Systems Simulation Program,' Proc. of Workshop on

HVAC Controls Modeling and Simulation, Georgia Inst, of Tech., Atlanta,

GA, Feb. 2-3, 1984.

[3] Hill, C.R., 'Simulation Techniques for Building Systems,' Proc. of

Workshop on HVAC Controls Modeling and Simulation, Georgia Inst, of

Tech., Atlanta, GA, Feb. 2-3, 1984.

[4] Hill, C.R., 'Simulation of a Multizone Air Handler,' ASHRAE Trans., Vol.

91, Part 1, 1985.

[5] Clark, D.R., Hurley, C.W., and Hill, C.R., 'Dynamic Models for HVAC

System Components,' ASHRAE Trans. Vol. 91, Part 1, 1985.

[6] Park, C. , Clark, D.R., and Kelly, G.E. , 'An Overview of HVACSIM'*’, A

Dynamic Building/ HVAC/Control Systems Simulation Program,' the 1st Annual

Building Energy Simulation Conference, Seattle, WA, August 21-22, 1985.

[7] Clark, D.R., 'HVACSIM^ Building Systems and Equipment Simulation Program

Reference Manual,' NBSIR 84-2996, National Bureau of Standards, Jan.

1985.

[8] Clark, D.R., and May, W.B., Jr., 'HVACSIM^ Building Systems and Equipment

Simulation Program Users Guide,' NBSIR 85-3243, National Bureau of

Standards, Sept. 1985.

77
[9] Walton, G.R, 'Thermal Analysis Research Program Reference Manual,' NBSIR

83-2655, National Bureau of Standards, March 1983.

[10] NBS 'Guide to Available Mathematical Software (GAMS),' Center for

Applied Math., National Bureau of Standards, Oct. 1981

[11] Hiebert, K.L., 'An Evaluation of Mathematical Software that Solves

Systems of Nonlinear Equations,' ACM Trans. Math. Software, Vol. 8, No.

1, March 1982, pp. 5-20.

[12] Powell, M.J.D., 'A Hybr id Me thod f or Nonl ine ar Equa t ions, ' in Numer ica 1

Methods for Nonl inear A1 gebraic Equations, P. Rabinowitz, Ed., Gordon and

Breach, London, 1970.

[13] Broyden, C.G., 'A Class of Methods for Sol v ing Nonl inear Simultaneous

Equations,' Math. Comp., Vol. 19, 1965, pp. 577-5 93 .

[14] Ral ston, A. and Rabinowitz, P. , A First Course in Numerica l Ana l ysis.

McGraw-Hill, 1978.

[15] Dennis, J.E. and Schnabel, R.B., Numerica l Method s for Uncons tra ined

Optimization and Nonl inear Equations. Prentice-Hall, 1983.

[16] Fox, P.A., Hal 1, A.D., and Schryer, N.L., 'Algorithm 528 Framework for a

Portable Library [Z],' ACM Trans, on Math. Software, Vol. 4 , No. 2, June

1978, pp. 177-188.

[17] Brayton, R.K., Gustavson, F.G., and Hachtel, G.D., 'A New Efficient

Algorithm for Solving Differential - Algebraic Systems Using Implicit

Backward Differential Formulas,' Proc. IEEE, Vol. 60, No. 1, Jan. 1 97 2,

pp. 98-108.

[18] Gear, C.W., 'The Automatic Integration of Ordinary Differential

Equations,' Comm. ACM, Vol. 14, March 1971, pp. 176-179.
[19] Nordsieck, A., 'On Numerical Integration of Ordinary Differential

Equations,' Math. Comp., Vol. 16, 1962, pp. 22-49.

[20] Chua, L.O., and Lin, P., Computer-Aided Analysis of Electronic Circuits,

Prentice-Hall, 1975.

[21] Ferziger, J.H., Numerica l M ethods for Engineering App l ication . John

Wiley, 1981.

[22] Eusuda, T., '^6SLD, The Computer Program for Heating and Cooling Loads in

Building,' BSS 69, National Bureau of Standards, July 1976.

[23] Threlekld, J.L. , Therma 1 Env ironmenta l Engineering, 2nd ed,, PrenticeHall, 1970.

[24] Brokaw, R. S. , 'Calculation of Flue Losses for High-Efficiency Furnaces

and Appliances,' ASHRAE J. , Jan. 1979, pp. 49-51.

[25] Eusuda, T. and Saitch, T. , 'Simplified Analysis Calculations for

Residential Applications,' NBSIR 80-1961, National Bureau of Standards,

July 1980.

[26] Carroll, J. A., 'A Comparison of Radiant Interchange Algorithms,'

ASME/ SSEA Conf. , April 1981.

[27] Eusuda, T. , 'Thermal Response Factors for Multilayer Structures of

Various Heat Conduction Systems,' ASHRAE Trans., Vol. 75, 1969, pp. 246-

270.

[28] Hittle, D.C, 'Calculating Building Heating and Cooling Loads Using the

Frequency Response of Multilayered Slabs,' Report CERL-TM-E- 169,

Construction Engineering Research Lab, 1981.
[29] Hittle, D.C., and Bishop, R., 'An Improved Root-Finding Procedure for Use

in Calculating Transient Heat Flow Through Multilayered Slabs/ Int. J.

Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 26, No. 11, 1983 , pp. 16 85-16 93 .

[30] Peavy, B.A., 'A Note on Response Factors and Conduction Transfer

Functions,' ASHRAE Trans., Vol. 84, 1978, pp. 688-690.

[31] Hittle, D.C., 'The Building Loads Analysis and System Thermodynamics

(BLAST) Program, Version 2.0: User Manual,' Tech. Rep. E-153,

Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, 1979.

[32] Duffie, J.A. and Beckman, W.A., Sol ar Engineering of Therma l Processes .

John Wiley, 1980.

[33] Erbs, D.G., Klein, S.A., and Duffie, J.A., 'Estimation of Diffuse

Radiation Fraction for Hourly, Daily, and Monthly Average Global

Radiation,' Solar Energy Laboratory, University of Wisconsin, Madison,

1981.

[34] Machler, M.A., and Iqbal, M. 'A Modification of the ASHRAE Clear Sky

Irradiation Model,' ASHRAE Trans. Vol. 91, 1985.

[35] ASHRAE, 1981 Fundamentals Handbook . ASHRAE, 1981.

80
APPENDIX A: Short Descriptions of Ftmctions and Subroutines in HVACSIM+

(1) Primary Program of HVACSIJU-

* Main Program

( File : M0DSIM5 )

MODSIM - Modular simulation program

* Input /Output

( File : M0DIN05 )

BLOCK DATA - Assignment of logical unit numbers to files, setting numerical

values of typical properties of air and water, and giving

label names

BOUNDS - Reading of time- dependent boundary variables, and

interpolating them using the 3rd order Lagrangian interpolation

INDATA - Entering input data for a simulation on the console

OPNFIL - Opening of input and output files

ROONF - Reading of the model definition and the initialization files

REPORT - Generation of the report file at equal intervals

SUMARY - Writing of a sinnmary of configurtion of simulation

VLAB - Returning labels and numbers

* Block and State Variable Status Control

( File : M0DBLK5 )

ASEMBL - Assembling of BLOCK inputs and outputs

BACTIV - Control of BLOCK activity

FRZVAR - Variable freezing

INPUTS - Assignment of state variables to inputs of UNIT

INSCAN - Scanning the inputs of SUPERBLOCKs to detect changes larger

than the error tolerance

81
INTLIZ Initialization of the simulation

ODTPDT - Storing of outputs from UNIT

RESTAT - Resetting of outputs of a BLOCK for unfrozen variables

UNFREZ - Checking for frozen variables

* Integration of Stiff Ordinary Differential Equations

( File : M0DBDF5 )

BAKDIF - Calculation of derivatives using backward difference formulars

CALN - Computation of the minimum time step

ECNTRL - Calculation of truncation errors and determination of time

step and integration order

IPERM - Permutation of vectors

NORDER - Increasing or decreasing the order of integration

PREDIK - Calculation of predicted values for the next time step

RESET - Resetting the differential equation integrator

SAVECO - Saving and replacing coefficients

UPDATE - Updating coefficients for BAKDIF and PREDIK

Routines needed for Solving a System of Equations

File : M0DEQT5 )

BLOCK - Calculation of a new state vector by calling a BLOCK

FNC - Calculation of the residual functions for a BLOCK

SUPERB - Calculation of a new state vector by calling a SUPERBLOCK

SUPFNC - Calculation of the residual functions for a SUPERBLOCK

( File : SELECTS )

SELECT - Calling TTFEn subtoutines

* Nonlinear Algebraic Equation Solver

( File : SNSQA )

82
SNSQ

SNSQl

SNSQ2

( File :

DOGLEG

ENORM

QFORM

QRFAC

RIMPYQ

RIUPDT

( File :

FDJACl

FDJAC2

RIMACH

* Models

( File :

TYPEl

TYPE2

TYPES

TYPE4

TYPES

TYPE6

TYPE?

TYPES

- Finding a zero of a system of nonlinear functions

- The same as SNSQ but called by the BLOCK subroutine

- The abbreviated version of SNSQ

SNSQB )

- Determination of the convex combination x of the Gauss-Newton

and scaled gradient directions

- Calculation of the Euclidean norm of x

- Accumulation of orthogonal matrix Q frcmi the computed QR

factorization

- QR factorization of a matrix using Householder transformations

- Computation of A*Q for a given matrix A

- Determination of an orthogonal matrix Q

SNSQC )

- A forward difference approximation to the Jacobian matrix.

Called by SNSQ.

- The same as FDJACl except argument. Called by SNSQl and SNSQ2

- Machine-dependent constants for the local computer environment

of HVAC Components and Controls

TYPES )

- Fan and pump model

- Conduit (duct or pipe)

- Inlet conduit (duct or pipe)

- Flow merge

- Damper or valve

- Flow split

- Temperature sensor

- Proportional- Integral controller

83
TYPE9 - Linear valve with pneumatic actuator

TYPEIO - Hot water coil model

TYPEll - Hot water to air heating coil

TYPE12 - Cooling or dehumidifying coil

TYPE13 - Three-way valve model

TYPE14 - Evaporative humidifier

TYPE15 - Rocmi model with constant zone loads

TYPE16 - Sticky proportional controller

TYPE17 - Mixing dampers and merge

TYPE18 - Plenum

TYPE19 - Flow balance control

TYPE20 - High/low limit controller

TYPE21 - Clamped split

TYPE22 - Steam spray humidifier

TYPE23 - Steam nozzle

TYPE24 - Ideal gas nozzle

TYPE25 - Steam to air heating coil

TYPE26 - Control signal inverter

TTPE27 - Moist air flow merge

TYPE28 - Constant flow resistance

TYPE29 - Inlet constant flow resistance

* Building Loads Model ccmponents

( File : TYPESB )

TYPES

- Zone envelope (Building Shell)

TYPE51 - Building surface (Building Shell)

TYPES 2 - Zone model

84
TYPES

- Weather input (Building Shell)

• Supporting Utility for System Components

( File ; UTILITY )

HYSTER - Hysterisis of actuators

DELAY - Transport delays in ducting components

SUFED - Coefficients for the polynomial of the efficiency of heat

exchanger fin

BESI - Modified Bessel function

BESE - E Bessel function

POLFIT - Polynomial fitting

* Supporting Utility for Building Load Components

( File : UTILITYB )

CP - Specific heat of moist air, vapor pressure, air exchange rate,

and humidity ratio at saturated state

HISCF - Computation of convective heat transfer coefficient of the

inner surface to the zone air, convective plus radiative heat

transfer coefficient of the outer surface, and radiative heat

transfer coefficient of the inner surface

VIEW - View factors using MRT network method

( File : RDENV )

RDENV - Reading of weather data and conduction transfer functions.

Interpolation of hourly data using the spline interpolation.

SILINE - The second derivatives for the spline interpolation

SPEVAL - Interpolation by using the cubic spline method

* Steam and Liquid Water Properties

( File :: WATPR )

TSATS - Saturation temperature of steam vs. pressure

PSATS - Saturation pressure of steam vs. temperature

85
VSATS - Saturation specific volume of steam vs. temperature and

pressTire

VSATW - Saturation specific volume of water vs. saturation temperature

HSATff - Saturation enthalpy of liquid water vs. saturation temperature

HFG - Latent heat of vaporization of water vs. saturation

temperature

HSATS - Enthalpy of saturated steam vs. saturation temperature

SSATW - Saturation entropy of liquid water vs. saturation

temperature

SSATS - Entropy of saturated steam vs. saturation temperature

VS - Specific volume of superheated steam vs. pressure and

temperature

HS - Enthalpy of superheated steam vs. pressure and temperature

SS - Entropy of superheated steam vs. pressure and temperature

TPSS - Temperature of steam vs. pressure and entropy

CPS - Specific heat of steam at constant pressure vs. temperature

CVS - Specific heat of steam at constant volume vs. specific voliaie

and temperature

VISSV - Dynamic viscosity of saturated vapor vs. pressure

VISSPH - Dynamic viscosity of superheated steam vs. temperature

STEAME - Thermal conductivity of superheated steam vs. temperature

WREO - Density of water vs. temperature

WMD - Viscosity of water vs. temperature

WE - Thermal conductivity vs. temperature

WCP - Specific heat of water vs. temperature

Air Properties

( File : AIRPR )

CPCVA - Specific heats of air at constant pressure and volume, and

speed of sound in air

86
HA - Enthalpy of air vs. temperature

PHIA - Entropy of air vs. temperature

TPHIA - Temperature of air vs. entropy

VISCA - Dynamic viscosity of air vs. temperature

AKA - Thermal conductivity of air vs. temperature

• Refrigerant Properties

( File : REFRIGPR )

REFRIG - BLOCK DATA for coefficients of refrigerant equations

PSAT - Saturation pressure of refrigerant vs. temperature

TSAT - Saturation temperature of refrigerant vs. saturation pressure

IVSAT - Saturation temperature of refrigerant vs. saturation specific

volume

EGAS - Pressure of refrigerant vs. specific volume and temperature

VGAS - Specific volume of refrigerant vs. pressure and temperature

BGAS - Enthalpy of refrigerant vs. pressure, specific volume, and

temperature

SGAS - Entropy of refrigerant vs. specific volume and temperature

HPS - Enthalpy of refrigerant vs. pressure and entropy

TPH - Temperature of refrigerant vs. pressure and enthalpy

TVH - Temperature of refrigerant vs. specific volume and enthalpy

DHLAT - Latent heat of vaporization of refrigerant vs. pressure,

specific volume, and temperature

RHOLIQ - Density of refrigerant vs. temperature

CV - Specific heat of refrigerant at constant volume vs. specific

volume and temperature

CPCV - Specific heats of refrigerant at constant voliune and pressure,

and speed of sound in refrigerant vs. specific volume and

temperature

87
(2) Conduction Transfer Function Calculation

( File : CTFGEN )

CTF - Main program to create the CTF data file (CTFDATA.DAT)

IHERMP - Adding new data of thermal properties of building materials

in the thermal property data file (THERM.DAT)

BANKTP - Making a temporary direct access file of the thermal property

data

DER - Calculation of the total construct and total derivative

matrices, and determination of residue elements for a non-zero

root

DUMPRF - Printing description of conductive layers, values of roots,

conduction transfer functions, and flux transfer functions

ERROR - Printing error messages

ILLINI - Computation of roots in the interval using modified false

position method

INITRF - Calling subroutines related to calculation of conduction

transfer functions

MATRIX - Evaluation of the conduction matrix for a multilayered slab

RCOMP - Computation of conduction transfer and flux transfer functions

for multilayered constructs

SEARCH - Determination of the upper and lower bounds within which a root must exist.

ZERORE - Calculation of zero residue elements

(3) Weather Data

* Weather Tape Reading

( File : RDTAPE )

RDTAPE - Main program to read weather tapes

RDWTP - Positioning and checking weather tapes

RDSOLM - Reading of a NOAA SOLMET tape

RDTMY - Reading of a NOAA Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) tape

88
RDTRY Reading of a NOAA Test Reference Year (TRY) tape

RDWYEC Reading of Weather Year for Energy Calculations (WYEC) tape

WRTFIL Writing output data (WTPOUT.DAT)

JDS Evaluation of Julian date

* Weather Data File Generation

( File : CHWDTA )

CRWDTA Main program to create the weather data file

WTPINP Reading the output file of the RDTAPE program and computation

of solar radiation data which are missed in the weather tape

WF Humidity ratio vs. dew point temperature and pressure

SOLAR Generation of artificial weather data of solar radiation

DB Design day outdoor air dry-bulb temperature for summer

HUMIDY Humidity ratio assuming constant relative humidity

COPYFL Writing outputs on the weather data file (WEA1HER.DAT)

(4) Front-End Program for Handling a Simulation Work File

* Main Module

( File : HVACGENl )

HVACGE Main program of the HVAOGEN program

INFORM BLOCK DATA containing the types of data and COMiK)N BLOCK

information

DATAIN Verification of input information

COPMOD Input data processor

CHECK Checking whether the parsed word is a number

REflGRD Checking whether the input is reserved word

REMAIN Control of transfer to the requested module

HOLDIT Producing a pause for acknowledgment of error display

89
SCROLL Making a screen display paused when the screen is full

OKAY Checking whether an existing value is acceptable

RITE Displaying of console messages and menu

PROMPT Providing the index labels corresponding to category numbers

* Create Module

(File ; HVACGEN2 )

CREATE Control of transfer to the proper routine for create mode

CRUNIT Creating a UNIT to be used in a work file

CRBLK Creating a BLOCK to be used in a work file

CRSUP Creating a SUPERBLOCK to be used in a work file

CRSIM Calling CRSIMl. CRSIM2. CRSIM3. and CRSIM4 for SIMULATION setup

CRSIMl Entering the simulation title, and error tolerances

CRSIM2 Entering initial values of state variables

CRSIM3 Entering boundary information

CRSIM4 Entering the information of reported variables

RECRT Calling a proper module according to the entry of reserved

words (ABORT. HELP, VIEW, EDIT, and TYPES )

TYPES Listing the TYPEs avaiable in the TYPAR.DAT file

* File Control Modtile

File : HVA0GEN3 )

FSAVE Calling the routine for saving the created file for UNIT,

BLOCK, SUPERBLOCK, or SIMULATION setup

READIN Selecting the module for reading a file based on the file

extension

OPNFIL Entering the file name and opening the file

RDUNT Reading the file of UNIT with the extention UNT

RDBLK Reading the file of BLOCK with the extension BLK

90
RDSIM Reading the file of SIMULATION setup with the extension SIM

SAVUNT Writing information to the UNIT file

SAVBLK Writing information to the BLOCK file

SAVSOP Writing information to the SUPERBLOCE file

SAVSIM Writing information to the SIMULATION file

TYFEIN

* View Module

Creating a direct access file for TYPAR.DAT at the first call,

and reading the information from the direct access file.

( File : HVA03EN4 )

VIEW Control of transfer to the proper routine for view mode

VEWUNT Viewing the inputs, outputs, and parameters for the UNIT

VEWBLK Viewing the information for the BLOCK

VEWSIM Providing the menu for different view options

SIRUCT Viewing of the structure of the SIMULATION setup

VARVAL Viewing of the initial values of state variables for inputs in

the SIMULATION

BOUND Viewing of the boundary information for the SIMULATION

RPTVAR Viewing of the reported variables in the SIMULATION

ERROR Viewing of the error tolerances, and the freezing and scan options in the SIMULATION

REVEW Directing to either HELP or ABORT mode

VEWALL Viewing of all information in the SIMULATION

* Edit and Help Module

( File : HVA0GEN5 )

EDIT Control of transfer to the proper routine for edit mode

EDUNT Editing the information in the UNIT

EDSIM Editing the information in the SIMULATION

91
EDTITL - Editing the title

EDSTR - Calling the routines for editing the structure

EDVAL - Editing the initial values of state variables

EDBND - Calling the routines for editing the boundary information

INSERT - Entering the index of a boundary variable to the SIMULATION

DELETE - Deleting the index of a boundary variable from the SIMULATION

EDREP - Calling the routines for editing the information of reported

variables

PRCHNG - Editing the reporting interval

RPINRT - Entering the index of a reported variable to the SIMULATION

RPDELT - Deleting the index of a reported variable from the SIMULATION

EDERR - Editing the error tolerances and the freezing and scan options

REEDT - Calling the help module

REEDIT - Calling the help module (similar to REEDT)

File : HVACGEN6 )

INSSIM - Calling the routine for inserting or replacing UNIT or BLOCK

INSUNT - Inserting a UNIT in the SIMULATION

INSCHK - Giving the number of UNITs in the BLOCK

INSBLK - Inserting a BLOCK in the SIMULATICM^

INCK2 - Giving the information of SUFERBLOCK and UNIT to the snbrootlne

INSBLK

RECALC - Recalculation of the new position of the variables in the

state vector after an insertion

TYPINF - Getting information of the input and output category indeces

from the TYPAR.DAT file

REBND - Calculation of the new position in the state vector of the

boundary variables

REREPT - Calculation of the new position in the state vector of the

reported variables

92
DEL SIM - Calling the routine for deleting a UNIT or BLOCE from a SIMDLATION

DELUNT - Deleting a UNIT from the SIMULATION setup

DELBLE - Deleting a BLOCE from the SIMULATION setup

DEL CHE - Checking the UNIT number to be deleted

DELCE2 - Checking the BLOCE number to be deleted

REPSIM - Calling the routine for replacing a UNIT in the SIUMULATION

REPDNT - Replacing a UNIT in the SIMDLATION

HELP - Description of available commands in the HVA06EN program

EXIBLE - Saving the information in the BLOCE of the SIMDLATION file

in a BLOCE f ile

(5) Model Definition File Generation

(File : SLIMOON )

SIMCON - Main program of the SLIMOON program to generate a model

definition file (MODELDEF.DAT) using a simulation work file

with the extension SIM

FILEOP - Opening the input and output files

TYPAR - Getting information from the TYPAR, DAT file

REP(®T - Displaying the configuration parameters along with the maximum

values assigned

VARCHE - Checking whether any of the time- dependent boundary variables

are solved simultaneously

OUTCHE - Checking if two or more outputs are assigned to a single state

variable

TDBVIS - Finding the largest number of time- dependent boundary variables

in any one SDPERBLOCE

(6) Sorting the Raw Data File

( File : SORTSB )

SORTSB - Program to sort the raw output data file (MODOUT.DAT) for

each SDPERBLOCE to create a data file which can be used as an

input data file to a user- suppl ied plotting routine

93
APPENDIX B: Worksheets for Data Entry for TYPE 50, 51, 52, and 53

*************A***«(******************t********A )t** ******************

TYPE 50 ZONE ENVELOPE UNIT=

INPUTS

TIA: Zone air dry-bulb temperature (C) T

QISV: Internal (short wave) radiant gain from I i ght

( kV) --Q

QILW: Internal (long wave) radiant gain (kW) Q

TIS(l); Inner surface temperature (C) T

TIS(2); Inner surface temperature (C) T

TIS(3); Inner surface temperature (C) T

TIS(4): Inner surface temperature (C) T

TIS(5); Inner surface temperature (C) T

TIS(6): Inner surface temperature (C) T

TIS(7): Inner surface temperature (C) T

TIS(8): Inner surface temperature (C) T

TIS(9): Inner surface temperature (C) T

TIS(IO): Inner surface temperature (C) T

OUTPUTS

TMR : Mean radiant temperature (C) T

QWALL; Convective heat gain from building surfaces (kV) Q

PARAMETERS;

1 IZN: Identification number of rone

2 NS; Number of surfaces of tone

NOTE; When the number of surfaces is less than 10, an indei of

the last surface may be used for the remaining temperature

input s

94
TYPE 51 BUILDING SURFACE UNIT=

INPUTS

TIA;

TMR;

TOSINF

FSHADW:

Indoor air dry-bulb temperature (C) T

Mean radiant temperature (C) T

Outer surface temperature of unenposed wa 1 1 ( C ) T

Shaded fraction of exposed outer surface (-) C

OUTPUTS

TIS ; SOLINT;

Inner surface temperature (C) T

Integrated solar flux incident on surface (V/m2) Q

PARAMETERS

1 IZN:

2 ID:

3 lEXPSO;

4 ISTR;

5 AS;

6 ORIENT;

7 TILT;

8 GRF

9 IROFS:

10 ABSOS;

11 ABSIS;

12 EMITIS;

13 TRANSM:

14 SC;

Identification number of xone Identification number of surface

0=W/in lone, l=betw. zones, 2=exposed to sun (-)

Identification number of the construct

Surface area (m2)

Azimuth angle between normal to surface & south

Tilt angle flat roof=0, floor=180 (degree)

Ground reflectivity (-)

Outer surface roughness index [1,6] (-)

Solar absorptance of the outer surface (-)

Short wave absorptance of the inner surface

Emissivity of the inner surface (-)

Transmittance of the glass window (-)

Shading coefficient of the glass window (-)

NOTE. If outer surface is exposed to outside air (IEXPOS=2),

the index of TOSINF may be the same index of TIS

The orintation angle of an west facing surface is 90

degrees, while an east facing surface is 270 degrees.

The surface roughness index, IROFS,

IROFS = 1 Stucco

2 Brick, rough plaster

3 Concrete

4 Clear pine

5 Smoot h plaster

6 Glass, paint on pine

is defined as follows;

95
**************** * * *****************************************************

INPUTS

PIAG: Gage pressure of rone air (kPa) P TIA: Zone air dry-bulb temperature (C) T

VIA: Humidiy ratio of zone air (-) H PSAG : Gage pressure of supply air (kPa) P MSA: Mass flow rate of supply air (kg/s) M

TSA : Supply air dry-bulb temperature <C) T

WSA : Humidity ratio of supply air (-) H QVALL: Convective heat gain from building surfaces (kV) Q

NUMPEP: Number of people (occupant in the zone) C UTCEQP: Equipment utilization coeff. (-) C UTCLIT; Lighting utilization coeff. (-) C

OUTPUTS

TIA: Zone air dry-bulb temperature Idiff. eq . ] (C) T

VIA: Humidiy ratio of zone air tdiff. eq . ] H QISV: Internal (short wave) radiant gain from 1 i gh t s ( kV ) - -Q

QILV: Internal (long wave) radiant gain (kV) Q

PARAMETER:

1 IZN: Identification number of zone

2 CFUR: Effective thermal capacitance of furnishing (kJ/K) -

3 EFFMIA: Air mass multiplier for zone moisture capacitance --

4 VOLUME: Volume of zone air (interior space of zone) (m3)

5 SAIREX: Std air ezchange rate ( 0 . 5 = t i gh t , 1 . 0 = s t d , 1 5 = 1 e ak y

)

6 VPEPS: Sensible heat gain from a person (kV)

7 VPEPL: Latent heat gain from a person (kV)

8 VLIT: Heat gain due to lighting in the zone (kV)

9 LIGHT: 1 = Fluorescent, 2 = Incandescent

10 VEQPS: Sensible heat gain due to equipment (kV)

11 VEQPL : Latent heat gain due to equipment (kV)

12 REQP: Radiative to sensible heat from equipment (-)

96
TYPE 53 WEATHER INPUT UNIT=

INPUTS;

TAMB : Ambient (outdoor) air temperature (C) T

HUMRAT: Outdoor air humidity ratio (-) H

PEAR; Barometric pressure (IcPa) P IDN; Direct normal solar radiation (V/m2) Q

ISKY; Diffuse (sky) solar radiation (V/m2) Q

IHOR: Total horisontal solar radiation (V/m2) Q

OUTPUTS; none

PARAMETERS;

1 IndeK for ambient temperature (e.g. 5 if TAMB= T5 ) 2 IndeK for outdoor air humidity ratio

3 Indea for barometric pressure

4 Index for direct normal solar radiation

5 Index for diffuse (sky) solar radiation

6 Index for total horixontal solar radiation

97
APPENDIX C: Etample 1 One-xone Building Model

A single-xone building model is simulated in this example, following the

Simulation Procedure outlined in Chapter 9 of this report. The purpose of the

example is to demonstrate how to use HVACSIH-t' with the building loads model

described in this reportfsee Figure 1). No system component is connected to the tone and no boundary variable is considered. Artificially generated

weather data is used. Screen images of I/O operation during the executions

of programs and all related data files are presented.

Different results from the outputs of this example are anticipated when a computer with different values of machine precisions from those used in this

example. See the function RIMACH in the file SNSQC

The machine precisions used are: RlMACH(l) = 5.3976E-79

RIMACH<2) = 7.2370E+75

R1MACH(3) = 5.9605E-8

R1MACH(4) = 9.5367E-7

A . Preprocessing - Input Data Generation

( 1 ) Creation of Simulation Work File

As shown in Figure C-1, the example model is an office module located on a floor (other than the top or ground floor) of a multi-story building The

building surfaces faced to the south are exposed to the sun. while other

surfaces are unexposed, interior surfaces.

Figure C-2 is a simplified block diagram which shows the input-output

connections of UNITS. Since UNIT 9 (Weather Input) has no direct connection

to any UNIT, it is not shown here.

98
T9

1 15

1

T9

west wall

^^0

T2 T6

East wall

Floor T3

T9

North wall

South window

T8 T7

1 South wall

I

T9 r 11 T9

1

VIEW FROM THE SOUTH VIEW FROM THE EAST

Figure C-1. A single-zone model

99
Figure C-2. Block diagram of the single-zone model

100
* Vorkshcetf

TYPE 50 ZONE ENVELOPE UN1T= /

INPUTS:

TIA: Zone air dry-balb temperature (C) T/

QISV: Internal (short wave) radiant gain from 1 i ght s ( kV) --Q

/

QILW: Internal (long wave) radiant gain (kW) QjL

TIS(l): Inner surface temperature (C) T2.

TIS(2): Inner surface temperature (C) t3

TIS(3): Inner surface temperature (C) T^

TIS(4): Inner surface temperature (C) TT

TIS(5): Inner surface temperature (C) T^

TIS( 6 ): Inner surface temperature (C) Ty

TIS(7): Inner surface temperature (C) T^

TIS( 8 ): Inner surface temperature (C)

TIS(9): Inner surface temperature (C) TS*- TIS(IO): Inner surface temperature (C) T^

OUTPUTS

TMR: Mean radiant temperature (C) t /O

QVALL: Convective heat gain from building surfaces (kV) Q 3

PARAMETERS:

1 IZN: Identification number of sone /

2 NS: Number of surfaces of tone -7

NOTE: When the number of surfaces is less than 10, an indei of

the last surface may be used for the remaining temperature

inputs

101
***t »** *»t«*««**»<l***» »** *****«******************»***»***»******

TYPE 51

INPUTS.

TIA;

TMR;

TOSINF

FSHADW:

BUILDING SURFACE UNIT= X

Indoor air dry-bulb temperature (C) T / Mean radiant temperature <C) T /i?

Outer surface temperature of uneiposed wa 1 1 ( C ) Tf

Shaded fraction of eiposed outer surface (-) C

OUTPUTS

TIS: Inner surface temperature (C) T

SOLINT: Integrated solar flui incident on surface (V/m2) Q C?

PARAMETERS

1 IZN: Identification number of «one /

2 ID; Identification number of surface / 3 lEXPSO: 0=V/in tone, Isbetw. tones, Zcoiposed to sun (-) i 4 ISTR: Identification number of the construct I 5 AS; Surface area (m2) J7. a1 6 ORIENT; Atimuth angle between normal to surface S south o

7 TILT; Tilt angle : flat roofsO, flooralSO (degree) Q

8 GRF ; Ground reflectivity (-) O

9 IROFS; Outer surface roughness indei tl,6] (-) a

10 ABSOS: Solar absorptance of the outer surface (-) C> 11 ABSIS; Short wave absorptance of the inner surface £7.^

12 EMITIS; Emissivity of the inner surface (-) C>.*^ 13 TRANSM; Transmittance of the glass window (-) c> 14 SC; Shading coefficient of the glass window (-) O

NOTE; If outer surface is eiposed to outside air (IEZP0S>2),

the indea of TOSINF may be the same indei of TIS.

The orintation angle of an west facing surface is 90

degrees, while an east facing surface is 270 degrees.

The surface

IROFS = 12

34

5

6

roughness indei, IROFS,

Stucco

Brick, rough plaster

Concrete

Clear pine

Smooth plaster

Class, paint on pine

is defined as follows

102
TYPE 51 BUILDING SURFACE UNIT=^

rpocr

INPUTS:

TIA: Indoor air dry-bulb temperature <C) T^

TMR ; Mean radiant temperature (C) T/^

TOSINF: Outer surface temperature of unexposed walKC) T^

FSHADV: Shaded fraction of exposed outer surface (-) C5"

OUTPUTS

TIS: Inner surface temperature (C)

SOLINT: Integrated solar flux incident on surface (V/m2) Qo

PARAMETERS:

1 IZN: Identification number of lone /

2 ID: Identification number of surface

3 lEXPSO: 0=V/in xone, Isbetw. senes, 2sexposed to sun (-) /

4 ISTR: Identification number of the construct 2.

5 AS: Surface area <m2)

i ORIENT: Asimuth angle between normal to surface & south ^

7 TILT: Tilt angle : flat roofsO, floor = 180 (degree)

8 GRF: Ground reflectivity (-) O

9 IROFS: Outer surface roughness index [1,83 (-) ^

10 ABSOS: Solar absorptance of the outer surface (-) p

11 ABSIS: Short wave absorptance of the inner surface

12 EMITIS: Emissivity of the inner surface (-)

13 TRANSM: Transmittance of the glass window (-) g, 14 SC: Shading coefficient of the glass window (-) C?

NOTE: If outer surface is exposed to outside air (IEXPOS=2),

the index of TOSINF may be the same index of TIS.

The orintation angle of an west facing surface is 90

degrees, while an east facing surface is 270 degrees.

The surface roughness index, IROFS, is defined as follows:

IROFS s 1 Stucco

2 Brick, rough plaster

3 Concrete

4 Clear pine

5 Smooth plaster

8 Glass, paint on pine

103
TYPE 51 BUILDING SURFACE UNIT= ^

INPUTS:

TIA; Indoor air dry-bulb temperature <C) T / TMR ; Mean radiant temperature <C) T/c?

TOSINF; Outer surface temperature of uneiposed wa 1 1 ( C ) T<^

FSHADW: Shaded fraction of eaposed outer surface (-) Z S’

OUTPUTS

TIS; Inner surface temperature (C) T -2. SOLINT: Integrated solar flui incident on surface <V/m2) QO

PARAMETERS:

1 IZN: Identification number of tone /

2 ID: Identification number of surface 3

3 lEXPSO: 0=V/in tone, l=betw. tones, 2=eiposed to sun (-) i 4 ISTR; Identification number of the construct 3

5 AS: Surface area (m2) 2.^^

6 ORIENT: Azimuth angle between normal to surface S south

7 TILT: Tilt angle : flat roof=0, floor=180 (degree) go

8 GRF : Ground reflectivity (-) c> 9 IROFS: Outer surface roughness indet [1,6] (-) c> 10 ABSOS: Solar absorptance of the ouT^r surface (-) O

11 ABSIS: Short wave absorptance of the inner surface 0^

12 EMITIS: Emissivity of the inner surface (-)

13 TRANSM: Transmittance of the glass window (-) ^

14 SC: Shading coefficient of the glass window (-) O

NOTE: If outer surface is esposed to outside air (IE1P0S>2),

the indes of TOSINF may be the same indei of TIS.

The orintation angle of an west facing surface is 90

degrees, while an east facing surface is 270 degrees

The surface roughness index, IROFS, is defined as follows.

IROFS s 1 Stucco

2 Brick, rough plaster

3 Concrete

4 Clear pine

5 Smooth plaster

6 Class, paint on pine

104
TYPE 51 BUILDING SURFACE lO^M UNIT= ^

INPUTS;

TIA: Indoor air dry-bulb temperature (C) T^

TMR ; Mean radiant temperature (C) T /d?

TOSINF: Outer surface temperature of uneaposed walKC) T^

FSHADW: Shaded fraction of esposed outer surface (-)

OUTPUTS

TIS ; SOLINT:

Inner surface temperature (C) T

Integrated solar flu* incident on surface (W/m2) Q

PARAMETERS

1 IZN. Identification number of xone I

2 ID: Identification number of surface ^

3 lEXPSO: 0=V/in sone, l=betw. tones, Z^eiposed to sun (-) j 4 ISTR: Identification number of the construct -3

5 AS; Surface area (m2)

6 ORIENT: Aiimuth angle between normal to surface S south 2.70

1 TILT; Tilt angle ; flat roof=0, floor=180 (degree)

8 GRF ; Ground reflectivity (-) (p

9 IROFS: Outer surface roughness inde* Cl, 83 (-) q

10 ABSOS; Solar absorptance of the outer surface (-) (p

11 ABSIS: Short wave absorptance of the inner surface

12 EMITIS; Emissivity of the inner surface (-)

13 TRANSM: Transmittance of the glass window (-) q

14 SC; Shading coefficient of the glass window (-) p

NOTE; If outer surface is esposed to outside air (IEXPOS=2),

the index of TOSINF may be the same index of TIS.

The orintation angle of an west facing surface is 90

degrees, while an east facing surface is 270 degrees.

The surface

IROFS = 12

3

45

8

roughness index, IROFS,

Stucco

Brick, rough plaster

Concrete

Clear pine

Smooth plaster

Glass, paint on pine

is defined as follows:

105
TYPE 51 BUILDING SURFACE 10^^ UNIT= 6

INPUTS;

TIA: Indoor air dry-bulb temperature (C) T ^ TMR ; Mean radiant temperature (C) T /c? TOSINF; Outer surface temperature of uneiposed wa 1 1 ( C ) T^

FSHADW: Shaded fraction of eiposed outer surface (-) Cl"

OUTPUTS:

TIS; Inner surface temperature (C) T7

SOLINT: Integrated solar flux incident on surface (V/m2) Qq

PARAMETERS:

1 IZN: Identification number of tone /

2 ID: Identification number of surface

3 lEXPSO: 0=V/in tone, Isbetw. tones, 2Btiposed to sun (-) / 4 ISTR: Identification number of the construct 3

5 AS; Surface area (m2)

6 ORIENT; Aximuth angle between normal to surface S south

7 TILT: Tilt angle ; flat roof*0, floorolBO (degree)

8 GRF : Ground reflectivity (-)

9 IROFS; Outer surface roughness index [1,6] (-) ^

10 ABSOS: Solar absorptance of the outer surface (-) o

11 ABSIS; Short wave absorptance of the inner surface

12 EMITIS; Emissivity of the inner surface (-)

13 TRANSM: Transmittance of the glass window (-) ^

14 SC; Shading coefficient of the glass window (-) ^

NOTE; If outer surface is exposed to outside air (IEZPOSb 2),

the index of TOSINF may be the same index of TIS.

The orintation angle of an west facing surface is 90

degrees, while an east facing surface is 270 degrees

The surface roughness index, IROFS, is defined as follows

IROFS = 1 Stucco

2 Brick, rough plaster

3 Concrete

4 Clear pine

5 Smooth plaster

6 Glass, paint on pine

106
TYPE 51 BUILDING SURFACE ^ ^ UJ^ UNIT= 7

INPUTS.

TIA; Indoor air dry-bulb temperature (C) T/

TMR; Mean radiant temperature (C) T /c?

TOSINF: Outer surface temperature of uneaposed walKC) T^

FSHADV; Shaded fraction of eiposed outer surface (-) C

OUTPUTS

TIS:

SOLINT:

Inner surface temperature (C)

Integrated solar flui incident on surface (V/m2) -Qr

PARAMETERS

1 IZN:

2 ID;

3 lEXPSO:

4 ISTR:

5 AS;

6 ORIENT;

7 TILT;

8 CRF;

9 IROFS;

10 ABSOS;

11 ABSIS;

12 EMITIS;

13 TRANSM;

14 SC;

Identification number of tone

Identification number of surface

0=V/in tone, Isbetw. tones, 2seiposed to sun <-)

Identification number of the construct

Surface area (m2)

Atimuth angle between normal to surface S south

Tilt angle : flat roof=0, floor=180 (degree)

Ground reflectivity (-)

Outer surface roughness indes [1,63 (-)

Solar absorptance of the otff^^r surface (-)

Short wave absorptance of the inner surface

Emissivity of the inner surface (-)

Transmittance of the glass window (-)

Shading coefficient of the glass window (-)

/

4

z.4

e>

2-0^4

^4

o

o

NOTE: If outer surface is eiposed to outside air (IEXPOS=2),

the indea of TOSINF may be the same indei of TIS.

The orintation angle of an west facing surface is 90

degrees, while an east facing surface is 270 degrees.

The surface

IROFS = 12

3

45

6

roughness indea, IROFS,

Stucco

Brick, rough plaster

Concrete

Clear pine

Smooth plaster

Class, paint on pine

is defined as follows;

107
TYPE 51 BUILDING SURFACE

INPUTS:

TIA: Indoor air dry-bulb temperature (C) T /

TMR : Mean radiant temperature (C) T /<? TOSINF: Outer surface temperature of uneiposed wa 1 1 ( C ) T

FSHADW: Shaded fraction of eiposed outer surface (-) C ^

OUTPUTS:

TIS: Inner surface temperature (C) - - SOLINT: Integrated solar flux incident on surface (V/m2)

PARAMETERS

1 IZN: Identification number of tone /

2 ID: Identification number of surface -/

3 lEXPSO: 0=V/in sone, l=betw. sones, Zcexposed to sun (-) 2. 4 ISTR: Identification number of the construct j5 AS: Surface area (m2)

6 ORIENT: Asimuth angle between normal to surface S south q

7 TILT: Tilt angle : flat roof*0, floorelBO (degree)

8 GRF : Ground reflectivity (-)

9 IROFS: Outer surface roughness index 11,6] (-) ^

10 ABSOS: Solar absorptance of the outer surface (-) q

11 ABSIS: Short wave absorptance of the inner surface O

12 EMITIS: Emissivity of the inner surface (-) Q

13 TRANSM: Transmittance of the glass window (-)

14 SC: Shading coefficient of the glass window (-)

NOTE: If outer surface is exposed to outside air (IEZPOS>2),

the index of TOSINF may be the same index of TIS

The orintation angle of an west facing surface is 90

degrees, while an east facing surface is 270 degrees

The surface roughness index, IROFS, is defined as follows

IROFS = 1 Stucco

2 Brick, rough plaster

3 Concrete

4 Clear pine

5 Smooth plaster

6 Glass, paint on pine

108
TYPE 53 WEATHER INPUT UNIT= y

INPUTS:

TAMB ; Ambient (outdoor) air temperature (C) T/z.

HUMRAT; Outdoor air humidity ratio (-) Hj

PBAR: Barometric pressure (kPa) P 3

IDN; Direct normal solar radiation (V/m2)

ISKY: Diffuse (sky) solar radiation (W/m2) 07

IHOR: Total horiaontal solar radiation (V/m2) Op

OUTPUTS; none

PARAMETERS:

1 Indea for ambient temperature (e.g. 5 if TAMB= T5 ) /z.

2 Indei for outdoor air humidity ratio 3

3 IndeK for barometric pressure 3

4 Index for direct normal solar radiation ^

5 Index for diffuse (sky) solar radiation 7

6 Index for total horisontal solar radiation p

109
**t«ttft*«*******t**t****t*««**t«***tt*t«***«*t****«**«***«t*«******t«t«

TYPE 52 ZONE MODEL UNIT= io

INPUTS

PIAG: Cage pressure of tone air (kPa) P/

TIA: Zone air dry-bulb temperature (C) T/

VIA; Humidiy ratio of cone air (-) H/

PSAC : Cage pressure of supply air (kPa) Px

MSA: Mass flow rate of supply air (kg/s) M/

TSA ; Supply air dry-bulb temperature <C) T//

WSA: Humidity ratio of supply air (-) Ha.

QWALL: Convective heat gain from building surfaces (kV) 0

NUMPEP: Number of people (occupant in the tone) C/

UTCEQP; Equipment utilisation coeff. (-) Cx

UTCLIT; Lighting utilisation coeff. (-) Cj

OUTPUTS:

TIA: Zone air dry-bulb temperature Idiff. eq.l (C) T/

VIA: Humidiy ratio of sone air Cdiff. eq . 1 H/

QISV; Internal (short wave) radiant gain from 1 i ght s ( kV) --Q / QILV; Internal (long wave) radiant gain (kW)

PARAMETER:

1 IZN;

2 CFUR:

3 EFFMIA:

4 VOLUME;

5 SAIREX:

6 WPEPS;

7 VPEPL:

8 VLIT:

9 LIGHT:

10 VEQPS;

11 VEQPL;

12 REQP;

Identification number of sone /

Effective thermal capacitance of furnishing (kJ/K) - Air mass multiplier for sone moisture capacitance

Vo 1 ume of sone air (interior space of sone) (m3)

Std air eichange rate ( 0 . Ss t i gh t , 1 . O-s t d , 1 . 5s 1 eaky )

Sensible heat gain from a person (kV)

Latent heat gain from a person (kW)

Heat gain due to lighting in the sone (kV)

1 B Fluorescent, 2 s Incandescent

Sensible heat gain due to equipment (kW)

Latent heat gain due to equipment (kV)

Radiative to sensible heat from equipment (-)

2.00

/.O

o.o'rtf^

O.

/ o. /S’

0.0 2. 0.2

110
* Initial Conditions of State Variables

PI Zone air pressure, gage 0 . 0 kPa

P2 Supply air pressure, gage 0 . 0 kPa

P3 Barometric pressure of ambient air 101.3 kPa

Ml Supply air mass flow rate 0 . 0 kg /

T1 Zone air dry-bulb temperature 20 . 0 C T2 Inner surface temperature of west wall 20 . 0 C T3 Inner surface temperature of floor 20 . 0 C T4 Inner surface temperature of ceiling 20 . 0 C T5 Inner surface temperature of east wall 20 . 0 C T6 Inner surface temperature of south wall 20 . 0 C T7 Inner surface temperature of north wall 20 . 0 C T8 Inner surface temperature of south window 20 . 0 C T9 Outer surface temperature of uneaposed surfaces 20 . 0 C TIO Mean radiant temperature 20 . 0 C T1

Supply air dry-bulb temperature 20 . 0 C T12 Ambient temperature 20 . 0 C

Cl Number of people 1 . 0 C2 Equipment utilication coefficient 1 . 0 C3 Light utilization coefficient 1 . 0 C4 Shaded fraction of exposed outer surface 0 . 0 C5 Shaded fraction of uneaposed surfaces 1 . 0

Q1 Short wave radiant heat gain 0 . 0 kV

Q2 Long wave radiant heat gain 0 . 0 kV

Q3 Convective heat gain from building surfaces 0 .

kV

Q4 Average solar radiation influx of window 0 . 0 kV

Q5 Average solar radiation influx of exposed wall 0 . 0 kW

Q6 Direct solar radiation 0 . 0 kV

Q7 Diffuse solar radiation 0 . 0 kW

Q8 Total horizontal solar radiation 0 . 0 kV

HI Zone air humidity ratio 0.0074

H2 Supply air humidity ratio 0 . 0074

H3 Ambient air humidity ratio 0.0074

111
* Eiecution of HVACGEN

HVACCEN - Simulation GENeration Program

Version 1.8 (08-U 1985 )

Choose from the list below;

CReate (SImu la t i on , Block ,UNi t

)

EDit (Simulation, UNit)

View (Simulation, Block. UNit)

HElp

ENd

Selection ? VI SI ONEZONE

reading from work file....

INITIAIIZING TYPES INFORMATION...

Vhat part of the simulation would yon ^ikt to view

> All the simulation information (for documentation)

STructure ( superbl ock , b 1 ock , and unit Information)

VAriable initial values

ERror tolerances, variable scan and freese options

Boundary variables

REported variables

continue with the previous menu

ONE ZONE MODEl

SUPERBIOCK 1 BIOCK 1 UNIT 1 TYPE SO _ ZONE ENVEIOPE

UNIT 2 TYPE 51 - BUIIDINC SURFACE

UNIT 3 TYPE 51 - BUIIDINC SURFACE

UNIT 4 TYPE 51 - BUIIDING SURFACE

UNIT 5 TYPE 51 - BUIIDINC SURFACE

UNIT & TYPE 51 - BUIIDINC SURFACE

UNIT 7 TYPE 51 - BUIIDINC SURFACE

UNIT 8 TYPE 51 - BUIIDINC SURFACE

BIOCK 2 UNIT 9 TYPE 53 WEATHER INPUT

112
SUPERBLOCK 2 BLOCK 3 UNIT 10 TYPE 52 - ZONE MODEL

UNIT 1 TYPE 50

ZONE ENVELOPE

1 INPUTS

TEMPERATURE 1 - TIA; Zone air dry-bulb temperature

POWER 1 - QISW: Internal (short wave) radiant gain

POWER 2 - QILW: Internal (long wave) radiant gain

TEMPERATURE 2 - TIS( 1

)

Inner surface temperature

TEMPERATURE 3 - TIS(2) Inner surface temperature

TEMPERATURE 4 - TIS(3) Inner surface temperature

TEMPERATURE 5 - TIS(4> Inner surface temperature

TEMPERATURE 6 - TIS(5) Inner surface temperature

TEMPERATURE 7 - TIS(6) Inner surface temperature

TEMPERATURE 8 - TIS(7) Inner surface temperature

TEMPERATURE 8 - TIS(8) Inner surface temperature

TEMPERATURE 8 - TIS( 9) Inner surface temperature

TEMPERATURE 8 - TIS( 10) : Inner surface temperature

2 OUTPUTS

TEMPERATURE 10 - TMR; Mean radiant temperature

POWER 3 - WALL: Convective heat gain from surfaces

3 PARAMETERS;

1 . 00000 IZN: Identification number of sone

7 .00000 NS: Number of surfaces of zone

UNIT 2 TYPE SI

BUILDING SURFACE

1 INPUTS:

TEMPERATURE 1 - TIA: Indoor air dry-bulb temperature

TEMPERATURE 10 - TMR; Mean radiant temperature

TEMPERATURE 9 - TOSINF Outer surface temp, of unexposed wall

CONTROL 5 - FSHADW Shaded fraction of exposed surface

2 OUTPUTS

TEMPERATURE 4 - TIS: Inner surface temperature

POWER 0 - SOLINT Integrated solar influx on surface

3 PARAMETERS:

1 . 00000 IZN: Identification number of zone 1.00000 ID: Identification number of surface

1 . 00000 lEXPOS: OxV/in sone, Isbetw. xones , 2seiposed to sun

1 .00000 ISTR: Identification number of the construct

37.2100 AS: Surface area (m2)

0 .000000 ORIENT; Asimuth angle of normal to surface S south

0.000000 TILT: Tilt angle; flat roofsO, floor«180 (degree)

0 . 000000 CRF; Ground reflectivity (-)

0.000000 IROFS Outer surface roughness index: Instucco,...

0 . 000000 ABSOS Solar absorptance of outer surface (-)

0 .600000 ABSIS Short wave absorptance of inner surface(-)

0 . 900000 EMITIS; Emissivity of the inner surface (-)

0.000000 TRANSM: Transmittance of the glass window <-)

0 .000000 SC; Shading coeff. of the glass window (-)

113
UNIT 3 TYPE 51

BUILDING SURFACE

INPUTS;

TEMPERATURE 1 - TEMPERATURE 10 - TEMPERATURE 9 - CONTROL 5 -

OUTPUTS;

TEMPERATURE 3 - POWER 0 -

PARAMETERS:

1 . 00000 IZN:

2 . 00000 ID:

1 . 00000 lEYPOS

2 . 00000 ISTR:

37 .2100 AS:

0 . 000000 ORIENT

1 80 . 000 TILT;

0 . 000000 GRF:

0 . 000000 IROFS:

0 .000000 ABSOS;

0.600000 ABSIS:

0 .900000 EMITIS

0.000000 TRANSM

0 . 000000 SC;

TIA: Indoor «ir dry-bulb temperature

TMR ; Mean radiant temperature

TOSINF: Outer surface temp, of uneiposcd wall

FSHADV; Shaded fraction of eiposed surface

Inner surface temperature

on surface

Identification number of tone

Identification number of surface

0=V/in tone, 1 =be tw . t ones , Zxetposed to sun Identification number of the construct

Surface area (m2)

Atimuth angle of normal to surface S south

Tilt angle: flat roofeO, floorslSO (degree)

Ground reflectivity (-)

Outer surface roughness indei : 1 >s t ucco , . . . Solar absorptance of outer surface (-)

Short wave absorptance of inner surface(-)

Emissivity of the inner surface (-)

Transmittance of the glass window (-)

Shading coeff. of the glass window (-)

UNIT 4 TYPE

BUILDING SURFACE

51

1 INPUTS;

TEMPERATURE 1 - TIA:

TEMPERATURE 10 - TMR;

TEMPERATURE 9 - TOSINF

CONTROL 5 - FSHADW

OUTPUTS:

TEMPERATURE 2 - TIS;

POWER 0 - SOLINT

Indoor air dry-bulb temperature

Mean radiant temperature

Outer surface temp of uneiposed wall

Shaded fraction of eiposcd surface

Inner surface temperature

Integrated solar influi on surface

PARAMETERS:

1 . 00000 IZN: Identification number of tons

3 .00000 ID : Identification number of surface

1 . 00000 lEXPOS: OsW/in sone, 1 >betw . tones , 2aeiposed to sun

3 . 00000 ISTR: Identification number of the construct

24 . 4000 AS; Surface area (m2)

90 .0000 ORIENT: Atimuth angle of normal to surface i sooth

90 .0000 TILT: Tilt angle: flat roofsO, flooralSO (degree)

0 . 000000 GRF ; Ground reflectivity (-)

0.000000 IROFS: Outer surface roughness indei 1 as t ucco , 0 . 000000 ABSOS: Solar absorptance of outer surface (-)

0 . 600000 ABSIS: Short wave absorptance of inner surface(-)

0 . 900000 EMITIS: Emissivity of the inner surface ( -

)

0.000000 TRANSM: Transmittance of the glass window (->

0 . 000000 SC ; Shading coeff. of the glass window (-)

114
UNIT 5 TYPE

BUILDING SURFACE

51

1 INPUTS:

TEMPERATURE

TEMPERATURE

TEMPERATURE

CONTROL

1 - TIA:

10 - TMR:

9 - TOSINF:

5 - FSHADW;

Indoor air dry-bulb temperature

Mean radiant temperature

Outer surface temp, of unenposed wall

Shaded fraction of enposed surface

OUTPUTS

TEMPERATURE

POWER

5 - TIS:

0 - SOLINT;

Inner surface temperature

Integrated solar influs on surface

3 PARAMETERS:

1 .00000 IZN:

4 .00000 ID:

1 . 00000 lEXPOS

3 .00000 ISTR;

24 . 4000 AS;

270.000 ORIENT

90 . 0000 TILT:

0 . 000000 GRF:

0.000000 IROFS:

0 .000000 ABSOS;

0 .600000 ABSIS:

0 .900000 EMITIS

0 .000000 TRANSM

0 .000000 SC :

Identification number of zone Identification number of surface

0=W/in zone, l=betw. zones , 2=esposed to sun Identification number of the construct

Surface area (m2)

Azimuth angle of normal to surface & south

Tilt angle; flat roof^O, floor=180 (degree)

Ground reflectivity (-)

Outer surface roughness indes; l=stucco,...

Solar absorptance of outer surface (-)

Short vvave absorptance of inner surface(-)

Eaissivity of the inner surface (-)

Transmittance of the glass window (-)

Shading coeff. of the glass window (-)

UNIT 6 TYPE 51

BUILDING SURFACE

1

2

INPUTS:

TEMPERATURE

TEMPERATURE

TEMPERATURE

CONTROL

1 - TIA:

10 - TMR:

9 - TOSINF:

5 - FSHADW;

Indoor air dry-bulb temperature

Mean radiant temperature

Outer surface temp, of unesposed wall

Shaded fraction of exposed surface

OUTPUTS:

TEMPERATURE

POWER

7 - TIS;

0 - SOLINT:

Inner surface temperature

Integrated solar influx on surface

3 PARAMETERS:

1 . 00000 IZN:

5 .00000 ID;

1 . 00000 lEXPOS

3 .00000 ISTR:

24 . 4000 AS;

leo . 000 OR I ENT

90 . 0000 TILT:

0.000000 GRF;

0 . 000000 IROFS:

0 . 000000 ABSOS;

0.600000 ABSIS;

0 .900000 EMITIS

0 . 000000 TRANSM

0 . 000000 SC :

Identification number of zone Identification number of surface

0=V/in zone, Isbetw. zones , 2seiposed to sun Identification number of the construct

Surface area (m2)

Azimuth angle of normal to surface S south

Tilt angle: flat roofsO, floorclBO (degree)

Ground reflectivity (-)

Outer surface roughness indci: lastucco,...

Solar absorptance of outer surface (-)

Short wave absorptance of inner surface(-)

Emissivity of the inner surface (-)

Transmittance of the glass window (-)

Shading coeff. of the glass window (-)

115
UNIT 7 TYPE 51

BUILDING SURFACE

1

2

INPUTS

TEMPERATURE

TEMPERATURE

TEMPERATURE

CONTROL

1 - TIA;

10 - TMR;

6 - TOSINF;

4 - FSHADW;

Indoor air dry-bulb temperature

Mean radiant temperature

Outer surface temp, of uneiposed wall

Shaded fraction of ezposed surface

OUTPUTS

TEMPERATURE

POWER

6 - TIS;

5 - SOLINT;

Inner surface temperature

Integrated solar influi on surface

3 PARAMETERS;

1 . 00000 IZN;

6 .00000 ID;

2 . 00000 lEYPOS

4 .00000 ISTR;

18 . 4000 AS;

0 .000000 ORIENT

90 .0000 TILT;

0 .200000 GRF;

2 . 00000 IROFS;

0 . 600000 ABSOS

0.600000 ABSIS;

0 . 900000 EMITIS

0.000000 TRANSM

0 . 000000 SC;

Identification number of tone

Identification number of surface

OsV/in tone, Isbetw. tones , Zseiposed to sun Identification number of the construct

Surface area (m2)

Azimuth angle of normal to surface S sooth

Tilt angle; flat roof=0, floorslSO (degree)

Ground reflectivity (-)

Outer surface roughness indei: l«stucco,...

Solar absorptance of outer surface (-)

Short wave absorptance of inner surface(-)

Emissivity of the inner surface (-)

Transmittance of the glass window (-)

Shading coeff. of the glass window (-)

UNIT 8 TYPE 51

BUILDING SURFACE

1

2

INPUTS;

TEMPERATURE

TEMPERATURE

TEMPERATURE

CONTROL

1 - TIA;

10 - TMR:

8 - TOSINF;

4 - FSHADW;

Indoor air dry-bulb temperature

Mean radiant temperature

Outer surface temp, of unezposed wall

Shaded fraction of ezposed surface

OUTPUTS;

TEMPERATURE

POWER

8 - TIS.

4 - SOLINT;

Inner surface temperature

Integrated solar influi on surface

3 PARAMETERS;

1 . 00000 IZN;

7 . 00000 ID;

2 . 00000 lEZPOS

5 .00000 ISTR;

6 . 00000 AS;

0 . 000000 ORIENT

90 .0000 TILT;

0 . 200000 GRF ; 6 . 00000 IROFS;

0 . 000000 ABSOS;

0.000000 ABSIS;

0 .000000 EMITIS

0 . 950000 TRANSM

0 . 850000 SC ;

Identification number of zone Identification number of surface

OaV/in zone, 1 abetw. zones , 2aeiposed to sun Identification number of the construct

Surface area (m2)

Azimuth angle of normal to surface t sooth

Tilt angle; flat roofaO, flooral80 (degree)

Ground reflectivity (-)

Outer surface roughness indes lastucco,

Solar absorptance of outer surface (-)

Short wave absorptance of inner surface(-)

Emissivity of the inner surface (-)

Transmittance of the glass window (-)

Shading coeff. of the glass window (•)

116
UNIT 9 TYPE 53

WEATHER INPUT

1 INPUTS:

TEMPERATURE 12 - TAMB:

ABS. HUMIDITY 3 - HUMRAT

PRESSURE 3 - PBAR:

POWER 6 - IDN:

POWER 7 - ISKY:

POWER 8 - IHOR:

Ambisnt (outdoor) air temperature (C)

Outdoor air humidity ratio (-)

Barometric pressure (kPa)

Direct normal solar radiation (V/m2)

Diffuse (sky) solar radiation (V/m2)

Total horisontal solar radiation (V/m2)

OUTPUTS:

PARAMETERS:

12 . 0000

3 .00000

3 . 00000

i .00000

7 . 00000

8 .00000

Indez

Indes

Index

Index

Index

Indes

UNIT 10 TYPE 52

ZONE MODEL

1 INPUTS:

PRESSURE 1 - TEMPERATURE 1 - ABS. HUMIDITY 1 » PRESSURE 2 - FLOW 1 - TEMPERATURE U - ABS. HUMIDITY 2 - POWER 3 - CONTROL 1 - CONTROL 2 - CONTROL 3 -

2 OUTPUTS

TEMPERATURE 1 - ABS. HUMIDITY 1 - POWER 1 - POWER 2 -

3 PARAMETERS:

1 . 00000 IZN:

200 .000 CFUR:

4.00000 EFFMIA

1 46 . 840 VOLUME

1 . 00000 SAIREX

0 . 717800E-01 VPEPS:

0. 454000E-01 WPEPL:

0 . 200000 WLIT:

1 . 00000 LIGHT:

0 . 1 50000 VEQPS:

0 . 200000E-01 VEQPL

0 . 300000 REQP:

5 if TAMB=T5)

PIAG: Gage pressure of gone air

TIA; Zone air dry-bulb temperature

VIA: Humidiy ratio of gone air

PSAG: Gage pressure of supply air

MSA: Mass flow rate of supply air

TSA : Supply air dry-bulb temperature

VSA : Humidity ratio of supply air

QVALL: Convective heat gain from surfaces

NUMPEF: Number of people (occupant in the zone)

UTCEQP: Equipment utilization coefficient

UTCLIT: Lightis\ji utilization coefficient

TIA: Zone air dry-bulb temp. Cdiff. eq.l

VIA: Humidity ratio of zone air Cdiff. eq.l

QISV: Internal (short wave) radiant gain

QILW: Internal (long wave) radiant gain

Identification number of zone Effective capacitance of furnishings (kJ/K)

Multiplier for zone moisture capac i t ance ( -

)

Volume of zone air (interior space ) (m3)

Standard air cichange rate (1/h)

Sensible heat gain from a person (kV)

Latent heat gain from a person (kV)

Heat gain due to lighting in the zone (kV)

1 B Fluorescent, 2 « Incandescent (-)

Sensible heat gain due to equipment (kV)

Latent heat gain due to equipment (kV)

Radiative to sensible heat from equipment(-)

117
Initial Variable Values;

PRESSURE 1 -> 0 . 000000 (kPa)

PRESSURE 2 -> 0 .000000 (kPa ) PRESSURE 3 -> 101 . 300 (kPa)

FLOW 1 -> 0 . 000000 (kg/s

)

TEMPERATURE 1 -> 20 . 0000 (C)

TEMPERATURE 2 -> 20 . 0000 (C)

TEMPERATURE 3 -> 20 . 0000 (C)

TEMPERATURE 4 -> 20 . 0000 (C)

TEMPERATURE 5 -> 20 . 0000 (C)

TEMPERATURE 6 -> 20 . 0000 (C ) TEMPERATURE 7 -> 20 .0000 (C)

TEMPERATURE 8 -> 20 . 0000 (C ) TEMPERATURE 9 -> 20 . 0000 (C)

TEMPERATURE 10 -> 20 . 0000 (C)

TEMPERATURE 1

-> 20 . 0000 (C)

TEMPERATURE 12 -> 20 .0000 (C)

CONTROL 1 -> 1 . 00000 (-)

CONTROL 2 -> 1 .00000 (-)

CONTROL 3 -> 1 . 00000 (-)

CONTROL 4 -> 0 .000000 (- ) CONTROL 5 -> 1 . 00000 (-)

POWER 1 -> 0 .000000 (kW)

POWER 2 -> 0 . 000000 (kW)

POWER 3 -> 0 .000000 (kW)

POWER 4 -> 0 . 000000 (kW)

POWER S -> 0.000000 (kVM

POWER 6 -> 0 . 000000 ( kW )* POWER 7 -> 0 .000000 (kW)

POWER e -> 0.000000 (kW)

ABS. HUMIDITY 1 -> 0 . 740000E- 02 ( kg (water

)

/ kg ( a i r ) ) ABS. HUMIDITY 2 -> 0 . 740000E- 02(kg(water

)

/ kg ( a i)

)

ABS. HUMIDITY 3 -> 0 . 740000E- 02 ( kg (wa t er

)

/ kg ( a i r ) )

Simulation Error Tolerances:

1 RTOLX= O.lOOOOOE-03 AT0LZ> O.lOOOOOE-04

ZTOLic 0.200000E-03 TTIME- 1.00000

SUFERBLOCK 1 2 FREEZE OPTION 0 SCAN OPTION 0

SUPERBLOCK 2 3 FREEZE OPTION 3 SCAN OPTION 0

The following are Boundary Variables in the simulation:

The following are the reported variables:

SUPERBLOCK 1 TEMPERATURE

TEMPERATURE

TEMPERATURE

TEMPERATURE

TEMPERATURE

TEMPERATURE

TEMPERATURE

REPORTING INTERVAL 3600.00

2

3

45

6

7

8

118
TEMPERATURE 10

TEMPERATURE 12

POWER 3 POWER 6 POWER 7 POWER 8

SUPERBLOCK 2 REPORTING INTERVAL 3600.00

TEMPERATURE I ABS. HUMIDITY 1

Selection ? END

STOP

* File: ONEZONE.SIM (Simulation Work File)

ONE ZONE MODEL

2O.lOOOOOE-03 O.lOOOOOE-04 0.200000E-03 0 . 1 OOOOOE-t-0 1 2

3 4 5 6 7 8 8

1 50 112 2 10 3

0 . lOOOOOE-^01

2 51

1 10 9 5

4 0

0 . 100000E4-01

0 OOOOOOE+00

0. 600000E-t-00

3 51

1 10 9 5

3 0

0 . lOOOOOE+01

0 . OOOOOOE-^00

0 . 600000E+00

4 51

1 10 9 5

2 0

0 . 100000E4-01

0.900000E-I-02

0 . 600000E-«-00

5 51

1 10 9 5

5 0

0 . lOOOOOE-^01

0 . 270000Ei^03

0 . 600000E-fOO

6 51

1 10 9 5

7 0

0 . lOOOOOE-i-01

0 . 180000E+03

0 . 600000E4-00

7 51

1 10 6 4

0 . 700000E-^01

0 . lOOOOOE+01

0 . OOOOOOE-i-00

0. 900000E+00

0 . 200000E+01

0 . 1 80000E4-03

0 . 900000Et-00

0 . 300000E-^01

0 . 900000E4-02

0 . 900000E-I-00

0 . 400000E^01

0 . 900000E4^02

0.900000E400

0 . 500000E4-01

0 . 900000E402

0 . 900000E4'00

0. lOOOOOE-^01

0 . OOOOOOE-t-00

0 . OOOOOOEi-OO

0 . lOOOOOE + 01

0 . OOOOOOE-fOO

O.OOOOOOE^OO

0 . lOOOOOE-t-01

0 . OOOOOOE-fOO

O.OOOOOOE+00

0. lOOOOOE^Ol

0 . OOOOOOE-fOO

O.OOOOOOE^OO

0 . lOOOOOE^^Ol

0 . OOOOOOE-^00

0 . OOOOOOEt-OO

8 8

0 . lOOOOOE-i-01

0 . OOOOOOE-fOO

0 . OOOOOOE-t-00

0 . 200000E^01

0 . OOOOOOE-t-00

0 . OOOOOOE-t-00

0 . 300000E+01

0 . OOOOOOE-fOO

0 . OOOOOOE+00

0 . 300000E1-01

0 . OOOOOOE^OO

0 . OOOOOOEi-OO

0 . 300000E4-01

0 . OOOOOOE^OO

0 . OOOOOOE^OO

0 . 372100E+02

0 . OOOOOOE-fOO

0. 372 1 00E>02

0 . OOOOOOEfOO

0 . 244000E-»-02

0 . OOOOOOE^OO

0 . 244000E^02

0 . OOOOOOE^OO

0 . 244000E^02

0 . OOOOOOE+00

119
i s

0 . lOOOOOE-t-01

0 . OOOOOOE^OO

0 . 600000E-»-00

8 SI

1 10 8 4 8 4

0 . lOOOODE+01

0 . OOOOOOE-^00

0 . OOOOOOE-^DO

19 S3

12 3 3 6

0 . 120000E-i-02

0 . 800000E-t-01

1

1 10 52 1112 1112 0 . lOOOOOE-i-01

0 . 717600E-01

0 . 200000E-01

0. OOOOOOE+00

0 . 200000E-^02

0. 200000E1-02

0 . 200000E402

0 . lOOOOOE^Ol

0 . OOOOOOE^OO

0 . 740000E-02

0

0 . 600000E4.01

0 . 900000E402

0 . 900000E-I-00

0 . 700000E + 01

0 . 900000E-^02

0 . OOOOOOE^OO

7 8

0 . 300000E-^01

111 2

0 . 200000E1-03

0 . 4S4000E-01

0 . 300000E^00

O.OOOOOOE-fOO

0 . 200000E^02

0.200000E4^02

0 . lOOOOOE-fOl

0 . OOOOOOE + 00

0 . OOOOOOE-^00

0.740000E-02

0 . 200000E4-01

0 . 200000E-t-00

0 . OOOOOOE-^00

0 . 200000E> 01

0 . 200000E4-00

0 . 9SOOOOE4-00

0 . 300000E-»-01

3 12 3

0. 400000E^01

0 . 200000E-^00

0 . 1 01 300E>03

0 . 200000E^02

0 . 200000E-^02

0 . lOOOOOE-^01

O.OOOOOOE^OO

0 . OOOOOOEi-OO

0 .400000E>01

0 . 200000E^01

0 . OOOOOOEtOO

0 . SOOOOOE^Ol

0 . 60000 0E^01

0 . 8S0000E4.00

0 . 600000E401

0 . 148840E^03

0 . lOOOOOE^Ol

0 . OOOOOOE^OO

0 . 200000E^02

0 . 200000E>02

0 . 100000E401

0 . 000000E400

0 . OOOOOOE^OO

13

6

3

22

S

3

10

0

0 . 360000E404

7 8 9 10

3 3 3 3

3 4 5 6

0 . 360000E^04

30

8

100

11 12 14

3 3 3 7 8 10

16 24 27 28 29

3 7 7 7 7 12 3 6 7 8

«****«« «««*OLDO***VORK  FILE ** **ENDS****HERE

2 3 10

2 1 3 1 12 5 0 0 8 3 32

13 2

0 . 184000E>02

0 . 6 000 00E400

0 . 600000E^01

0 . OOOOOOE^OO

0 . 700000E^01

0 . lOOOOOE^Ol

0 ISOOOOE^OO

0 . 200000E«02

0 . 2 000 00E«02

0 . 200000Et02

0 . OOOOOOE + OO

0 OOOOOOE^OO

0 . 74 0000E-02

120
(2) Creation of Model Definition File

* Ciecution of SLIMCON

SiBulation Work File to Model Definition File Converter

Version 2.1 (November 13, 1984)

Enter the simulation filename (Up to 8 characters) or carriage return to end.

ONEZONE

2 superblocks in the simulation MAXIMUM = 10 ( 20 . 0^)

3 blocks in the simulation MAXIMUM = 50 ( 6 . 0%)

2 differential equations in the simulation MAXIMUM = 50 ( 4 . 0%)

399 saved variables in the simulation MAXIMUM = 6000 ( 6 . 74k) 10 units in the simulation MAXIMUM B 200 ( 5 . 0%)

8 units in a single block MAXIMUM = 20 ( 40 . 04k)

2 differential equations in one unit MAXIMUM = 10 ( 20 . 04k) 13 inputs or outputs in a single unit MAXIMUM = 20 ( 65 . 04k) 14 parameters in a single unit MAXIMUM = 30 ( 46 . 74k) 2 blocks in the largest superblock MAXIMUM = 10 ( 20 . 04k) 2 differential equations in one superblock MAXIMUM 20 ( 10 . 04k) 32 state variables in the simulation MAXIMUM = 600 ( 5 . 34k) 14 inputs or outputs in a single block .... MAXIMUM X 50 ( 28 . 04k)

118 unit parameters in the simulation MAXIMUM = 1000 ( 11 . 84k)

8 simultaneous equations in a single block MAXIMUM = 30 ( 26 . 74k) 0 simultaneous equations in one superblock MAXIMUM = 20 ( 0 . 04k) 0 time dependent boundary variables MAXIMUM = 30 ( 0 . 04k) 0 boundary conditions in one superblock . . MAXIMUM = 20 ( 0 . 04k)

13 reported variables in one superblock ... MAXIMUM = 30 ( 43 . 34k) Model Definition File Complete

• File: ONEZONE.DAT <»«> MODELDEF.DAT (Model Definition File)

ONE ZONE MODEL

32 2

2 1 0 . OOOOOOE+00

0 . 200000E-I-02

0 . 200000E-«-02

0 . 200000E4-02

0 . 100D00E4^01

0 . OOOOOOE-^00

0 . 740000E-02

0 3 4 16

8 1 1 0 0

8 0 2

1 2

3

1 2 3 4

9 10

50 51 51 51

13 4 4 4

5 22 23 6

5 14 13 21

0 . OOOOOOE+00

0 . 200000E>02

0 . 200000E+02

0 . lOOOOOE^Ol

0 . OOOOOOE-i-00

0 . OOOOOOE-t-00

0 . 740000E-02

-1 -1 21 29

5 6 7 8

51 51 51 51

4 4 4 4

7 8 9 10

0. 101300E403

0 . 200000E4-02

0.200000E-i-0,2

0 . lOOOOOE^d'i!

O.OOOOOOE^od

0 . OOOOOOE-i-00

53 52

6 1 1 11 12 12

0 .OOOOOOE + 00

0 . 200000E4-02

0 . 200000E^02

0 . lOOOOOE-t-01

0 . OOOOOOE-fOO

0 . OOOOOOE-^00

12 12

0 . 200000E^02

0 . 200000E402

0 . 200000E^02

0 . OOOOOOE^OO

0 . OOOOOOE-^00

0 . 740000E-02

121
5 14 13 21

5 14 13 2 1 5 14 13 21

5 14 13 21

S 14 10 20

5 14 12 20

16 32 3 27

1 5 30 2

2 2 2 2 14 24

8 0

7 0

6 0

9 0 11 0 10 26

12 25

5 30 22 23

0

0

8 7 6 9

0

S 30

0 0 0 0

28

4

29

15

2

31

2

24

2

17

0

18

4

1 9

11 10 12 14

2 30

1 1 58 115 172 229 286 343 400 400

1 3 17 31 45 59 73 87 101 107

.8 399

0. lOOOOOE-t-01 0. 700000E-401 0 . IOOOOOE 4 OI 0 . IOOOOOE 4-OI

0 . 100000E401 0 . 372100E4-02 0 . OOOOOOE 4 OO 0 . OOOOOOE 4 OO

0 . OOOOOOE+00 0 . OOOOOOE-t-00 0 . 6 OOOOOE 4 OO 0 . 9 OOOOOE 4 OO

0 . OOOOOOE4-00 0 . 100000E401 0

2 OOOOOE 4 OI 0 . IOOOOOE 4 OI

0 . 372100E402 0.000000E400 0 . I 8 OOOOE 4 O 3 0 . OOOOOOE 4 OO

0 . OOOOOOEi-OO 0

6 OOOOOE 4 OO 0 . 9 OOOOOE 4 OO 0 . OOOOOOE 4 OO

0 . IOOOOOE-401 0. 3 OOOOOE 4 OI 0 . IOOOOOE 4 OI 0 . 3 OOOOOE 4 OI

0 . 900000E402 0 . 900000E4-02 0 . OOOOOOE 4 OO 0 . OOOOOOE 4 OO

0 . 600000E4-00 0

9 OOOOOE 4 OO O.OOOOOOE 4 OO 0 . OOOOOOE 4 OO

0 . 400000E401 0 . IOOOOOE 4-OI 0 . 300000E401 0 . 244000E402

0 . 900000E4-02 0 . OOOOOOE-t-00 O.OOOOOOE 4 OO 0 . OOOOOOE 4 OO

0 . 900000E4^00 0 . OOOOOOE 4 OO 0 . OOOOOOE 4 OO 0 . IOOOOOE 4 OI

0 . lOOOOOE-t-Ol 0 . 300000E4-01 0 . 244000E402 0 . 180000E403

0 . OOOOOOE-400 0 . OOOOOOE 4 OO 0 . OOOOOOE 4 OO 0

6 OOOOOE 4 OO

0 . OOOOOOE-t-OO 0 . OOOOOOE 4-OO 0 . IOOOOOE 4 OI 0

6 OOOOOE 4 OI

0 . 400000E401 0 . 184000E4-02 0 . OOOOOOE 4 OO 0 900000E402

0 . 200000E4-01 0 . 6 OOOOOE 4 OO 0 . 600000Et00 0 9 OOOOOE 4 OO

0 . 000000E4-00 0 . IOOOOOE 4-OI 0 . 7 OOOOOE 4 OI 0 2 OOOOOE 4 OI

0 . 600000E-401 0 . OOOOOOE 4-OO 0

900000 E 402 0 . 2 OOOOOE 4 OO

0 . 000000E400 0 . OOOOOOE 4 OO 0 . OOOOOOE 4 OO 0 9S0000E400

0 . 120000E-402 0

3 OOOOOE 4 OI O. 3 OOOOOE 4 OI 0 . 6 OOOOOE 4 O 1

0 . lOOOOOE^Ol

0 OOOOOOE^OO

0 OOOOOOE^OO

0 2 000 00E40 1 0 000000E400

0 0OOOO0E4OO

0 244000E402

0 OOOOO0E4OO

0 . 1 OOOOOE40 1 0 270000E403

0 400000E400

0 SOOOOOE40 1 0 . 900000E402

0 900000E400

0 200000E401

0 200000E400

0 000000E«00

0 300000E401

0 iOOOOOE^OI

0 8S0000E*00

0 700000E*01

122
0 . 800000E<»-01 0 . lOOOOOE-i-Oi 0 . 200000E + 03 0 . 40 000 0E-t-01

0 . lOOOOOE-i-01 0 . 717600E-01 0. 454000E-01 0 . 200000E-t-00

0 . ISOOOOE^-OO

0

0 . 200000E-01 0 . 300000E-f00

3 2 0 . 3i0D00E-i-04

6 7 8? 0 . 360000E^04

10 11 12 14 16 24 27 28 2?

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 7 7 7 7

2 3 4 S 6 7 8 1 0 12 3 6 7 8 S 30

3 8

1 1 0. lOOOOOE-03 0 . lOOOOOE-04 0 . 200000E-03 0 . lOOOOOE-i-Ol

0 0

0 0

0 . 14B840E-^03

0 . iOOOOOE-^01

123
( 3 ) Creation of Boundary Variable File

No file for boundary variables is created in this eBanple.

( 4 ) Creation of Conduction Transfer Function File

* Composition of constructs

CONSTRUCT il (Ceiling)

(Outside)

Layer 1 Acoustic tile (47): [material ID. • in THERM DAT file)

2 Ceiling air space (46)

3 Concr e te,4-in. (36)

4 Vinyle tile, 3/32-in. (48)«

(Inside)

* Data for vinyle tile should be added to THERM.DAT file.

Vinyle tile L = 0.002 m, k»0.27 V/mK, > 1 552. 2 kg/m3, Cp«l 00 4 KJ/kg-K

CONSTRUCT #2 (Floor)

(Outside)

Layer 1 Vinyle tile, 3/32-in. ( 48 )

2 Concrete, 4-in. ( 36 )

3 Ceiling air space ( 46 )

4 Acoustic tile (47)

(Inside)

CONSTRUCT #3 (Interior Walls)

(Outside)

Layer 1 Piaster, 3/4-in. (43)

2 Air space ( 8 )

3 Plaster, 3/4-in. ( 43 )

(Inside)

CONSTRUCT #4 (Exposed Wall)

124
(Outside)

Layer 1 Face Brick, 4-in. (2)

2 Fiberglass insulation, R-11 (10)

3 Air space (8)

4 Plaster, 3/4-in. (43)

( Inside)

CONSTRUCT #5 (Esposed Glass Window)

(Outside)

Layer 1 Glass, 3/32-in. (49)*

2 Air space (8)

3 Glass, 3/32-in. (49)*

(Inside)

Data for glass: L=k=Cp=0 R=0.26 m2-K/V

* Eaecution of CTFGEN

Enter your choice:

A => Add thermal property data to the construction

materials database (THERM.DAT)

B => Print the contents of the data file THERM.DAT

toLogicalUnit6

C => Create a CTF data file

D => Change time interval in an enisting CTF data file

E => END

A ****ftA*Hr1k*A**AtA*ftAA****t**AAtit**A*A*A*A*A**Aft**A

* A

* YOU ARE NOW ADDING THERMAL PROPERTY DATA *

* INTO THE EXISTING FILE (THERM.DAT) *

* PLEASE ENTER YOUR DATA WITH CARE. *

* METRIC UNITS MUST BE USED. *

* * ************************************************

Enter the name of the construction material

(up to 60 characters)

Vi ny 1 e tile

Thickness (meters) =

0 . 002

Conductivity (W/m.C) =

0 .27

Density (kg/m»*3) =

1 552.2

Specific heat (kJ/kg.C) =

125
1 . 004

Thermal resistance (m**2.C/V) s

0 IDATA=48 LENGTH=2 . OE-03 COND=0.27

DENS=1552.2 SPHT=1.004 RVAL=0 .

Do you want to continue? <N>

y Enter the name of the construction material

(up to 60 characters)

Glass

Thickness (meters) =

0 Conductivity (V/m.C) =

0 Density (kg/m**3) =

0 Specific heat (kJ/kg.C) =

0 Thermal resistance (m**2.C/V) =

0 .26

1DATA=49 LENGTH=0.0 COND=0 .

DENS=0.0 SPHT=0.0 RVAL=0.26

Do you want to continue? (N>

-- END OF ADDITION

Enter your choice;

*A*ft*it*it**ft**A**it «)tit** *tik*«t***ft**ftik**)trt*****t*

A => Add thermal property data to the construction

materials database (THERM.DAT)

B => Print the contents of the data file THERM.DAT

to Log ical Unit 6 C => Create a CTF data file

D =) Change time interval in an eiisting CTF data file

E => END

C Enter the name of the CTF Definition File,

or carriage return for default name; CTFINPUT DAT

Enter the name of the CTF Output File,

or carriage return for default name; CTFDATA DAT

What kind of output do you want ? 0 ==> for a very simple output

1 ==> for a less simple output

2 ==> for detailed output or

3 ==> for root search

0 What is the time interval for CTF calculation in s ? 900

THIS CONSTRUCT ID NUMBER (ISTR) IS 1 How many layers in this construct? (mai. & 10 )

4 Enter the layer ID numbers with most outer layer lint

47,46,36,48

ISTR; 1 NCTF; 4 NORD

2 UVAL; 0.969606

CTFX; 2.99057, -3.713, 1.10035, -6.3286E-02, -3 55439E-05

CTFY; 9.44398E-03, 0.163193, 0.132975, 8.9387BE-03, 5 09487E-05

CTFZ. 9.21826, -13.4813, 4.86344, -028575, -8 8593E-05

126
CTFQ; 0.735784, -6.02473E-02

Do you want to continue? <N>

YTHIS CONSTRUCT ID NUMBER (ISTR) IS 2 How many layers in this construct? (maa. = 10 ) 4 Enter the layer ID numbers with most outer layer first

48,36,46, 47

I STR : 2 NCTF: 4 NORD

2 UVAL; 0.969606

CTFX: 9.21826, -13.4813, 4.86344, -0.28575, -8.8593E-05

CTFY: 9.44398E-03, 0.163193, 0.132975, 8.93878E-03, 5.09487E-05

CTFZ; 2.99057, -3.713, 1.10035, -6.3286E-02, -3.55439E-05

CTFQ: 0.735784, -6.02473E-02

Do you want to continue? <N>

YTHIS CONSTRUCT ID NUMBER (ISTR) IS 3 How many layers in this construct? (max. = 10 ) 3 Enter the layer ID numbers with most outer layer first

43,8,43

ISTR 3 NCTF 1 NORD : 1 UVAL 4.71099

CTFX 1 1 . 6962 , -6.985 2 CTFY 3.82101, 0.88995

CTFZ 11.6962, -6.9852

CTFQ 6 . 21576E-06

Do you want to continue? <N>

Y THIS CONSTRUCT ID NUMBER (ISTR) IS 4 How many layers in this construct? (man. = 10 ) 4 Enter the layer ID numbers with most outer layer first

2,10,8,43

ISTR: 4 NCTF: 3 NORD. 2 UVAL: 0.691656

CTFX: 31.2398, -37.7555, 6.8351, -3.14559E-02

CTFY. 3.03452E-02, 0.199088, 5.80254E-02, 5.05029E-04

CTFZ: 8.55491, -12.8833, 4.6573, -4.09825E-02

CTFQ: 0.588904, -5.24332E-03

Do you want to continue? (N>

Y THIS CONSTRUCT ID NUMBER (ISTR) IS 5 How many layers in this construct? (man. = 10 ) 3 Enter the layer ID numbers with most outer layer first

49,8,49

LAYER L K CP D R RC

Glass 0.000 0 . 000 0 .000 0 .000 0.260 0 .000

Air Space 0 .000 0 .000 0 .000 0.000 0.160 0 .000

Glass 0.000 0.000 0 .000 0.000 0.260 0 000

SUMRC = 0 . 00000 CND = 1 .47059 TINC = 900 , 00

NUMBER OF ROOTS = 7; SEARCH INCREMENT =0.020026

127
N ROOT

1 0.0246072S6

2 0.072309779

3 0.111355003

4 0.120292539

5 0.136468904

6 0.169175402

7 0.216991657

NUMBER OF RESPONSE FACTORS = 3; ORDER = 2

N 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5

0 3 1 .2398 1 7 3 1 .2398 1 7 3 1 .239817 3 1 .2398 1 7 3 1 .23 98 1 7 31 . 2 39 8 1 7

1 19.358236 -37.473015 - 37 .755497 -37 .7559 42 -37 756010 -37 .756012

2 -4 . 728849 6 . 496254 6 .835099 6 . 835637 6 .835720 6 835722

3 -2.714793 0 .027286 -0 .031456 0 . 000000 0 .000 000 0 000000

0 0 . 030345 0 .030345 0 . 030345 0 . 030345 0 .030345 0 030345

1 0 .216958 0 . 1 9 9 3 62 0 . 199088 0 . 1 990 87 0.199087 0 199087

2 0 . 185634 0 . 059828 0 . 058025 0 . 058023 0 . 05 802 2 0 058022

3 0 . 108688 0 .001 046 0 .000505 0 .000000 0000000 0 000000

0 8 . 554926 8 . 554926 8 .554926 8 .554926 8.554926 8 554926

1 -7 .845255 -12.805930 - 12 .883287 -12.883409 - 1 2 SB 3 4 2 8 -12 883428

2 -0 .007653 4.541511 4 .657307 4 . 657491 4.657519 4 657520

3 -0.004354 0 .000083 -0 .040983 0 .000000 0000000 0 000000

2 0 . 588904 -0 . 005243 0 . 000000 0 . 000000 0000000

** SEVERE RESPONSE FACTORS NOT COMPUTED (RESPNS)

ISTR: 5 NCTF: 0 NORD; 0 UVAL; 1.47059

CTFX: 1.47059

CTFY: 1.47059

CTFZ; 1.47059

CTFQ;

Do you want to continue? <N> N

STOP END OF CTF RUN

* File: THERM.DAT ( Thermal Property Data Bank for Building Material!)

1 Stucco/asbestos cement/wood siding plaster, 25 4-mm (1-in ) 0.0254 0.692 1858. 0.233 0.036 47.2 A1

2 Facebrick (dense concrete), 101.6-mm (4-in.)

0.1016 1.298 2082. 0.256 0.078 211.4 A2

3 Steel siding (aluminum or other lightweight cladding)

0.0015 44.99 7689. 0.116 0.000 11.7 A3

1 2 . 7 -mm ( 0 . 5- in . ) 0.465 0.011 11 375-in . ) 0.465 0.050

4 Slag, membrane,

0.0 1 27 1.1 43 88 1 . 5 Felt, 9 . 5 -mm (

0 .0095 0 .1 90 1 1 21 . 6 Finish

0.0127 0.415 1249

7 Facebrick, 101.

0.1016 1.332 2002

8 Air Space Resistance

0.0000 0.000 0 . 0.000 0.160

A4

10.6 A5

0.302 0.031 15.9 A6

6 -mm ( 4 - in . ) 0.256 0.076 203.1 A7

B1

120
9 Insulation, 25. 4 -mm (

- in . )

0 . 0254 0.043 32. 0.233 0 .585 0 . 8 B2

10 Insu 1 at i on , 50 . 8 -mm (2 - in . ) 0 . 0508 0.043 32. 0 .233 1.176 1 . 6 B3

11 Insulation, 76 . 2 -mm ( 3 - in . ) 0 . 0762 0.043 32. 0.233 1 . 766 2 . 4 B4

12 Insulation, 25. 4 -mm ( 1 - in . )

0 . 0254 0.043 91. 0 .233 0.586 2 . 3 B5

13 Insulation, 50. 8 -mm (

- in . ) 0 . 0508 0.043 91. 0.233 1.176 4 . 6 B6

H Wood, 2 5. 4 -mm (1-in.)

0 . 0254 0.116 592. 0.699 0 .209 15.0 B7

15 Wood, 6 3. 5 -mm (2. 5- in. ) 0 . 0635 0.116 592. 0 .699 0 .525 37 . 6 B8

1 6 Wood , 101. 6 -mm ( 4- in . )

0 . 1016 0.116 592

0.699 0.838 60 . 0 B9

17 Wood , 50. 8 -mm ( 2-in . ) 0 . 0508 0.116 592. 0 .699 0.421 30.2 BIO

18 Wood, 7 6. 2 -mm (3- in.)

0 . 0762 0.116 592. 0.699 0.631 45 . 2 B1 1 19 Insulation, 76 . 2 -mm ( 3-in . ) 0 . 0762 0.043 91. 0.233 1.761 6 . 9 B12

20 Insulation, 101 . 6 -mm ( 4 - in . ) 0 . 1016 0.043 91. 0.233 2.346 9 . 3 B1 3 21 Insulation, 127 0-mm ( 5- in .

)

0 . 1270 0.043 91. 0.233 2.934 11.6 B14

22 Insu 1 at i on , 152 . 4 -mm ( 6- in . ) 0 . 1524 0.043 91. 0 . 233 3.520 13.9 B15

23 Clay tile, 101. 6 -mm (4 - in . ) 0 . 10 1 6 0.57 1 1 1 2 1 . 0.233 0.178 113.7 Cl

24 Concrete block. 1 .w. , 101.6-mm ( 4-- in . 0 . 1016 0.381 608. 0.233 0 .266 62 . 0 C2

25 Concr e t e block. h.w.. 101.6-mm ( 4-- in . 0 . 1016 0.813 977. 0 .233 0.125 99 . 1 C3

26 Common brick, 101.6-mnt < 4- in . )

0 . 1 0 1 6 0.7 27 1 9 22 . 0.233 0.139 195.3 C4

27 Concrete, l.w.. 101.6- mm ( 4- in . ) 0 . 1 0 1 6 1.730 22 42 . 0.233 0 .059 22 7.5 C5

28 Clay tile, 203. 2 -mm (

- in . ) 0 . 2032 0.571 1121. 0.233 0 . 356 227 . 9 C6

29 Concrete block. I w. , 203.2-mm (8 - in . 0 . 2032 0.571 608. 0 .233 0.356 124.0 C7

30 Concrete block. h.w., 203.2-mm (8 - in . 0 . 2032 1.038 977. 0.233 0.195 198.7 C8

31 Common brick, 2 03. 2 -mm <8- in . ) 0 . 20 32 0 .7 27 1 9 22 . 0.233 0 . 280 390 . 6 C9

32 Concrete, h.w.. 203.2- mm ( 8 - in . ) 0 . 20 32 1.73 0 22 42 . 0.233 0.117 45 5.9 CIO

33 Concrete, h.w.. 304.8- mm ( 1 2 - in . ) 0 . 30 48 1 .730 22 42 . 0 .233 0.176 68 3.5 Cl 1 34 Concrete, h.w., 5 0 . 8 -mm ( 2- in . ) 0 . 05 08 1.7 3 0 2 2 42 . 0.233 0.029 114.2 C12

35 Concrete, hw., 152.4- mm ( 6- in.)

0 , 1 5 24 1.7 3 0 2 2 42 . 0.233 0 .088 341.7 Cl 3 36 Concrete, l.w.. 101.6- mm ( 4- in.)

0 . 1016 0.173 640

0.233 0.586 64.9 Cl 4 37 Concrete, l.w.. 152.4- mm ( 6 - in.)

0 . 1524 0.173 640 0.233 0.088 97 . 6 C15

38 Concrete, l.w.. 203.2- mm ( 8 - in . ) 0 . 2032 0.173 640. 0.233 1.174 130.3 Cl 6

129
39 Concrete block (filled insulation), I.m., 203.2-mm ( 8- in . )

0 . 2032 0.138 288. 0.233 1 .584 58 . 6 C17

40 Cone r e t e block (filled insulation) , 1 .w. , 2 03 . 2 -mm ( 8- in . )

0 . 2032 0.588 849. 0.233 0 . 348 172.8 C18

41 Concrete block (filled insu 1 at i on

)

, 1 . w . , 304. 8 -mm (12-in. ) 0 . 3048 0.138 304. 0.233 2 . 376 92 . 8 C19

42 Concrete block (filled insulation) , 1 . w, 304 . 8 -mm (12-in. ) 0 . 3048 0.675 897. 0.233 0 . 456 273 . 4 C20

43 Plaster /gyps urn /similar finishing layer, 19.0 -mm (0 . 75- i n )

0 . 0190 0.7271601. 0.233 0 .026 30 . 5 El

44 Slag or s t one , 12.7 -mm (0.5 - in . ) 0 . 0127 1.436 881. 0.465 0 .009 11.2 E2

45 Felt & membrane , 9 . 5 -mm ( 0 . 375-in . ) 0 . 0095 0.190 1121 0.465 0 . 050 10.7 E3

46 Ceiling air space

0 . 0000 0.000 0. 0.000 0 . 176 0 . 0 E4

47 Acoustic tile

0 . 0159 0.061 480. 0.233 0 .315 9 . 2 E5

48 V i ny 1 e tile

0 . 0020 0.270 1552. 1.004 0 . 000 3 . 1 XXX

49 Glass

0 . 0000 0.000 0. 0.000 0 .260 0 . 0 XXX

* File: CTFDATA.DAT (Conduction Transfer Function File)

900 . 000

1 4 2 2.99057

0 . 944 39 8E-02

9.21826

0735784

2 4 2 9.21826

0 . 9 4 43 98E-02

2.99057

0 7 357 8 4

3 1 1 11.6962

3.82101

11.6962

0 . 62 1576E-05

4 3 2 31.2398

0 . 303 45 2E-01

8 .5549 1 0.588904

5 0 1

1 .4 7059

1.47059

1 .4 705 9

0 . 000000

0 . 969606

-3 .71300

0.163193

-13.4813

-0 . 602473E-01

0 . 969606

-13.4813

0.163193

-3 .71300

-0 . 602473E-01

4.71099

-6 .9 85 20

0 .88 995 0 -6 .9852 0

0.691656

-37 . 75 55

0 . 199088

-12.8833

-0 . 524332E-02

1 . 47059

1 . 10035

0 . 1 3 2975

4.86344

4 .86344

0 . 132975

1 . 1 0035

6.83510

0 . 58 025 4E-01

4 .65730

-0 . 6 32860E-0 1

0 893878E-02

-0 .285750

-0 . 285 75 0

0 . 8 9 387 8E-02

-0 . 6 32 8 6 0E-0 1

-0 . 3 1 455 9E-01

0 505029E-03

-0 409825E-01

-0 355439E-04

0 509487E-04

-0 885930E-04

-0 885930E-04

0 509487E-04

-0 355439E-04

* File: CTFINPUT.DAT < CTF Input Data File)

900 .000

4 47 46 36 48

4 48 36 46 47

130
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(5) Creation of Weather Data File

* Eaecution of CRWDTA

***********1t1i*1ili***t***i(i(tl(**lttlilt*1t1(**'k1rl(*1Hrk***li

* *

* CREATING A WEATHER DATA FILE *

* » A************************************************

Enter LATITUDE, LONGITUDE, and TIME ZONE;

38.85

77 . 03

5 Enter one of the following:

1 - to process the weather data in file WTPOUT.DAT

(previously read from weather tape by program RDTAPE)

2 - to generate clear sky design data

3 - to generate cloudy sky design data

2 Enter output file name (up to 12 characters)

or carriage return for default name: WEATHER.DAT

Enter initial day and month, and number of days

for which weather calculations will be made;

7,7,2

Enter pressure (kPa), wind speed (m/s), and

relative humidity (from 0.0 to 1.0):

101.3,0,0.8

Enter minimum and maximum temperatures;

20,30

Enter visibility (km); if value unknown use 0:

0 Enter geographic correction factor

[ASHRAE Fund. 1981, p.27.8]; if value unknown use 1:

1STOP END OF CREATING WEATHER FILE

* File: WEATHER.DAT

7 7 38 .85 77,. 03

7 7 0 . 0 2 1 .8000 0.0133

7 7 1 . 0 2 1 . 3000 0.0128

7 7 2 . 0 20 .8000 0.0124

7 7 3 . 0 20 . 4000 0.0121

7 7 4 . 0 20 . 1 000 0.0119

7 7 5 . 0 20 . 0000 0.0118

7 7 i . 0 20 .20 00 0.0120

7 7 7 . 0 20.7000 0.0124

7 7 8 . 0 21.6000 0.0131

7 7 9 . 0 22.9000 0.0142

7 7 10.0 24.4000 0.0156

7 7 11.0 26 . 1000 0.0173

7 7 12 . 0 27.7000 0.0190

7 7 13.0 28 .9000 0 . 0205

7 7 14.0 29.7000 0.0215

7 7 15.0 30 . 0000 0.0218

5.00 2

1 0 1 .30 00 0 . 0000 0 0000 0

1 0 1 .30 00 0.0000 0 .0000 0 101 . 3000 0.0000 0 00 00 0 101 .3000 0.0000 0 .0000 0 101.3000 0 . 0000 0 0000 0 101 .3000 0.0000 0 0 0 00 0 101 . 3000 0.0000 194 7 8 09 26

101 .3000 0 .0000 582 14 11 80

101 . 3000 0 00 00 741 25 8 3 102

101.3000 0 . 0000 8 1 9 7 2 2 2 1 1 3

1 0 1 . 300 0 0 00 00 862 76 4 6 1 1 9

1 0 1 .3000 0 .0000 886 66 5 0 122

101.3000 0.0000 898 1992 123

1 0 1 .30 00 0.0000 900 1 130 124

1 0 1 . 3000 0.0000 892 8 2 98 123

1 0 1 . 3000 0.0000 874 6 8 9 2 120

000 0

0 00 0

0 00 0

0 000

0 00 0

0 000

8 7 98

3 3 5 5

2 9 37

12 17 0(15

3 5 98

95 1 5 2154

2105

7 07 1

132
7 7 16.0 29 .7000 0.0215 101 . 3000 0 . 0000 840 . 9761 116. 0547 7 1

7 7 17.0 29 . 0000 0 . 0206 101 .3000 0 . 0000 780 .5696 107.7186 53

7 7 18.0 27 . 9000 0.0193 101.3000 0 . 0000 664 .8452 91.7486 34

7 7 19.0 26 . 6000 0.0178 101 . 3000 0.0000 403 .6780 55 .7076 13

7 7 20 . 0 25 . 3000 0.0165 101 . 3000 0.0000 19.7814 2.7298

? 7 21.0 24 . 2000 0.0154 101 .3000 0 . 0000 0 . 0000 0 .0000

7 7 22 . 0 23 . 2000 0.0145 101.3000 0 . 0000 0 .0000 0.0000

7 7 23 .

22 . 4000 0.0138 101 .3000 0 . 0090 0 . 0000 0.0000

7 7 24 . 0 21 . 8000 0.0133 101 . 3000 0 .0000 0 . 0000 0.0000

7 9 1 . 0 21 .3000 0.0128 101 .3000 0 . 0000 0 . 0000 0 .0000

7 8 2 . 0 20 . eooo 0.0124 101 .3000 0.0000 0 . 0000 0.0000

7 8 3 . 0 20.4000 0.0121 101.3000 0 . 0000 0 . 0000 0 .0000

7 8 4 . 0 20 . 1 000 0.0119 1013000 0 .0000 0.0000 0 . DGOO

7 S 5 . 0 20.0000 0.0118 101 .2000 0 . 0030 0 . 0000 0 .0000

•I

t 8 6 . 0 20 . 2000 C . 0120 101.3000 0 . 0000 1 89 . 4358 26 . 1 4 22 4

1 8 7 . 0 20 . 7000 0.0124 1 01 .3000 0 . 0000 580 . 1 368 80 .0658 25

7 3 3 . 0 21.6000 0.0131 101 . 3000 0.0000 740 .4182 1 02 . 1 777 45

7 3 9 .22 . 9000 0.0142 101 .3000 0 . 0000 819.2832 113.0611 6 4

7 S 10.0 24 . 4000 0.0156 101.3000 0 . 0000 862 . 5037 1 1 9 .0255 7 ?

7 3 11 . 0 26 . 1000 0.0173 101 . 3000 0 . 0000 386 . 4949 122.3363 90

7 3 12 . 0 27 . 7000 0.0190 101 . 3000 0 . 0000 898 . 0769 1 23 . 93 49 97

7 8 13.0 28 . 9000 0 . 0205 101 .3000 0 . 0000 900.0195 124.2027 98

7 8 H . 0 29 . 7000 0.0215 101 . 3090 0 . 0900 892.7473 123 . 1992 94

7 3 15.0 30 . 0000 0.0218 101 .3000 0 . 0000 874.6021 120 .6951 35

7 S 16.0 29 . 7000 0 . 0215 101 .3000 0 . 9000 340 . 8579 1 16 . 0384 71

7 8 17 . 0 29 . 0000 0.0206 101 .3000 0 . ooco 780.3618 107.6899 53

7 S 18.0 27 . 9000 0.0193 101.3000 0 . 0900 664.3657 91.6825 33

7 8 19.0 26 . 6000 0.0178 101 . 3000 0 . 0000 402 . 1970 55 . 5032 13

7 3 20 . 3 25 . 3000 0.0165 101 . 3000 0 . 0000 19.1445 2.6419

7 8 21.0 24 . 2000 0.0154 101 .3000 0 . 0000 0 .0000 0 .0000

7 8 22 . 0 23 . 2000 0.0145 101 . 3000 0 . 0900 0 . 0000 0.0000

7 @ 23.0 22 . 4000 0.0138 101 . 3000 9 . 0000 0 .0000 0 . 0000

7 a 24 . 0 21 . 8000 0.0133 101.3000 0 . 0000 0 . 0000 0 . 0000

MOTE : Dat ;5 in colnaris froisi 1. to 80 ar

1 only shown here .

133
B . Simulation

( 1 ) Allocation of Output Files

The output files of the MODSIM program are automatically allocated

Default file names are MODSUM.DAT, MODOUT.DAT, and INITOUT.OAT

( 2 ) Eaecution of MODSIM for Ini t ial iiat ion

* *

* MODSIM Version 5.0 *

« * <[****A**ft*A*****A****l(*(rA«*ft*ftA***ft)II***«***llt**

Enter MINIMUM TIME STEP, MAXIMUM TIME STEP, and SIMULATION STOPPING TIME:

1 , 1 000,6 6400

Is the Building Shell Model used? <N>

y Will the Initialisation File be called? <N> N

Simulate Building Shell ONLY? <N>

Y Only the superblock containing the building model will be called

What is the INDEX NUMBER of the SUPERBLOCK for the Building Shell?

1 ISSHEL =1

Enter the time of day (in hours after midnight)

at which the simulation is to begin

0 Use default file names for all files? (Y/N) <Y>

Do you want Diagnostic Information to be written <N>?

Would you like to monitor the Simulation on Screen? <N>

Y Enter the INDEX NUMBER of the SUPERBLOCK to monitor

or zero (0) to monitor all superblocks.

0 --During the simulation, up to five State Variables can be viewed--

Enter the NUMBER of STATE VARIABLES to be viewed

5

1 = PRES

2 = FLOW

3 = TEMP

4 = CTRL

5 = RVPS

6 = ENRG

7 = POWR

8 = AHUM

Enter the CATEGORY NUMBER (above) and INDEX NUMBER

for each of the 5 variables to be viewed

3 , 1

3 , 2

3 , 3 3,4

3,10

SIMULATION BEGINS

13 /.
FIRST WEATHER DATA SKT HAS BEEN READ

20 .0000 20 . 1286 2 0.163 4 20.0601 20.1227

SB 2 : TIME =1.0 NT I ME =2 TST•EP =1.0 PSTEP = 5 . ;) M3 3 20 .0007 20.1206 20.1634 2 0.0 6 0 t 20.1227

SB 1 : TIMS =900 .

NTIME =3 TSTEP =399.0 P3TEP=iO00 .

20 . 0007 20 . 1753 20 . 3496 20 . 2146 20.3603

SB 1 : TIME =1300 . 0 NTIME =4 TSTEP = 900 . 0 PS7EP=1000 .

20 . 0007 20 .2086 2 0.393 ). 20 . 2 35 3 20.4108

SB 1 : TIME =2700 . 0 NTIME =5 TSTEP 900 0 PSTKP=1000 .

20 . 0007 20 .2298 20 . 4063 2 0.32 1

20.4387

SB 1 ; TIME =3600 . 0 NTIME =6 TSTEP = 900 0 ?STEP=100C .

20 .0007 20 . 2432 20.4121 20 . 3429 20.4557

SB 1 : TIME =4500 . 0 NTIME =7 TSTEP = 900 . 0 PSTEP=1000 .

20 . 0007 20 .2516 20.4156 2 0 .356 <1 20.4666

SB 1 ; TIME =5400 . 0 NTIME =3 TSTEP = 900 . 0 PSTE1‘ = 1000 . 0 20 .0007 20 .2570 3 0.417 0 20.3662 20.4736

SB 1 : TIME =6300 . 0 Nl’IME =9 TSTEP = 900 .PSTEP=1000 .

20 .0007 2 0 . 2 6 ((

2 0 . 4 1

*> 3 20.3733 20.4780

SB 1 : TIME =7200

0 NTIME =10 TSTEP = 900 . 0 PSTEP=1000 .

20 . 0007 20.2625 20 . 4201 2 0.3 7 8 4 20.4806

SB 1 ; TIME =8100 . 0 NTIME =11 TSTEP = 900 .

PSTSP=1000 .

20 .0007 2fi .2637 30 .4204 2 0 . 3 8 2 2 20.4619

SB 1 ; TIME =9000 . 0 NTIME =12 TSTEP = 900 . 0 PSTEP=1000 .

20 . 0007 20 . 2642 20.4202 2 0 ..384 8 20 . 4821

( OUTPUTS FROM TIME=9900 TO 301 00 ARE DELETED )

SB1 1 ; TIME =8 1000 . 0 NTIME =92 TSTEP =900. C PSTEP=1000. 0 20 .0007 20.4094 20 . 6504 20 . 6317 20.7577

SB 1 : TIMS =31900 .0 NTIME =93 TSTEP = 900 .

PSTL’P = i 0 00 . 0 20 .0007 20 . 3949 20 . 6269 2 0 . 6 0 50 20 .7303

SB 1 ; TIME =82800 .0 NTIME =94 TSTEP = 900 .PSTEP=i000 .0 20.000? 20 . 3620 20 .6061 20.581

20 .7060

SB 1 : TIME =83700 .0 NTIME =95 TSTEP = 900 . 0 FSTEP=1000 .

20.0007 20.3706 20 . .5 3

7'’ 2 0 . 5618 20.6843

SB 1 : TIME =84600 .0 NTIME =96 TSTEP = 900 . 0 P!r.’EP = lQ00 . 0 20.0007 20 . 3604 2 0 .57 1

2 0.5 4 4 1 20 .6648

SB 1 : TIME =65500 .0 NTIME =97 TSTEP = 900 . 0 PSTEP=1000 .

20.0007 20.3512 20 . 55 66 20 . 5285 20 .6472

SB 1 ; TIME =86400 .0 NTIME =98 TSTEP = 900 . 0 PSTEP=1000 .

20.0007 20.3429 20 .5433 2 0 . 5147 20.6313

STOP

INITiALIZATIOM fl'LE HAS BEEN WRITTEN

end or SIMULATION

* File; MODSUM.DAT (for (he in i t i a i i. Rut i on run)

***** PROGRAM MODS I

*«*)<*

a MODuIar SINulation progran

ONE ZONE MODEL

2 SUPERBLOCKS 3 Pil.OCKS 1(1 UNITS

32 STATE VARIABLES:

3 PRES 1 FLOW n TEMP I. CTRL 8 POWR 3 AHUM

INITIAL STATE VECTOR:

135
PRES:

0.000000 0.000000 101.300

I

'

FLOW;

0 .000000

TEMP ;20.0000

20 . 0000

20 . 0000

20.0000

20 .0000

20 . 0000

20 .0000

20 .0000

20 . 0000

20 .0000

20 .0000

20 . 0000

CTRL :

1 . 00000 1 . 00000 1 .00000 0 . 000000 1 00000

POWR : 0 . 000000

0 . 00 0000

0 .000000

0 .000000

0 . 000000

0 .000000

0 . 000000 0 .000000

AHUM;

7 . 399999E-03 7 . 399999E-03 7 . 399999E-03

0 TIME DEPENDENT BOUNDARY VARIABLES;

ERROR TOLERANCES.

1 . OOOOOE-04

RTOLX, ATOLX,

1 . OOOOOE-OS

XTOL, TTIME:

2 . OOOOOE-04 1 0000

***** SUPERBLOCK 1 *****

SUPERBLOCK SIMULTANEOUS EQUATION UNFREEZING OPTION, IFZOPT « 0 SUPERBLOCK INPUT SCAN OPTION, INSOPT = 0

13 REPORTED VARIABLES;

TEMP 2 TEMP 3 TEMP 4 TEMP 5 TEMP 6 TEMP 7 TEMP 8 TEMP 10 TEMP 12 POWR 3 POWR 6 POWR 7 POWR 8

0 SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS; VARIABLES.

***** block 1 *****

8 SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS; VARIABLES:

TEMP 4 TEMP 3 TEMP 2 TEMP 5 TEMP 7 TEMP 6 TEMP 8 TEMPI 0

UNIT 1 TYPE SO

13 INPUTS;

TEMP 1 POWR 1 POWR 2 TEMP 2 TEMP 3 TEMP 4 TEMP 3 TEMP i TEMP 7 TEMP 8 TEMP 8 TEMP 8 TEMP 8

2 OUTPUTS:

TEMP 10 POWR 3

PARAMETERS:

1.0000 7 .0000

UNIT 2 TYPE 51

4 INPUTS;

TEMP 1 TEMP 10 TEMP 9 CTRL 5

136
2 OUTPUTS:

TEMP 4 NULL 0

PARAMETERS

1 . 0000

0 .00000

0 .60000

1 . 0000

0 . 00000

0 . 90000

1 . 0000

0 .08000

0 . 00000

1 .0000

0 . 00000

0 .00000

37.210

0 . 00000

UNIT 3 TYPE 51

4 INPUTS:

TEMP 1 TEMP 10 TEMP 9 CTRL 5

2 OUTPUTS:

TEMP 3 NULL 0

PARAMETERS:

1 . 0000

0 .00000

0 . 60000

2 . 0000

180.00

0 . 90000

1 . 0000

0 .00000

0 . 00000

2 . 0000

0 .00000

0 . 00000

37.210

0 .00000

UNIT 4 TYPE 51

4 INPUTS:

TEMP 1 TEMP 10 TEMP 9 CTRL 5

2 OUTPUTS:

TEMP 2 NULL 0

PARAMETERS:

1 . 0000

90 . 000

0 . 60000

3 . 0000

90 . 000

0 .90000

1 . 0000

0 .00000

0 . 00000

3 . 0000

0 .00000

0 . 00000

24.400

0 . 00000

UNIT 5 TYPE 51

•

4 INPUTS:

TEMP 1 TEMP 10 TEMP 9 CTRL 5

2 OUTPUTS:

TEMP 5 NULL 0

PARAMETERS

1 . 0000

270 .00

0 . 60000

4 . 0000

90 .000

0 . 90000

1 . 0000

0 . 00000

0 . 00000

3 .0000

0 . 00000

0 .00000

24.400

0.00000

UNIT 6 TYPE 51

4 INPUTS:

TEMP 1 TEMP 10 TEMP 9 CTRL 5

2 OUTPUTS:

TEMP 7 NULL 0

PARAMETERS:

1.0000

180.00

0 .60000

5 . 0000

90 .000

0 . 90000

1 . 0000

0 .00000

0 . 00000

3 . 0000

0 . 00000

0 . 00000

24.400

0.00000

137
UNIT 7 TYPE 51

4 INPUTS:

TEMP 1 TEMP 10 TEMP 6 CTRL 4

2 OUTPUTS:

TEMP 6 POWR 5

PARAMETERS:

1 . 0000 6 .0000 2 . 0000 4 .0000

0 . 00000 90 .000 0 .20000 2 .0000

0 . 60000 0 . 90000 0 . 00000 0 . 00000

UNIT 8 TYPE 51

4 INPUTS:

TEMP 1 TEMP 10 TEMP 8 CTRL 4

2 OUTPUTS:

TEMP 8 POWR 4

PARAMETERS:

1 . 0000 7 .0000 2 . 0000 5.0000 6.0000

0.00000 90 .000 0 .20000 6.0000 0.00000

0 .00000 0 . 00000 0 . 95000 0 . 85000

***** block 2 *****

0 SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS; VARIABLES:

UNIT 9 TYPE 53

6 INPUTS:

TEMP 12 AHUM 3 PRES 3 POWR 6 POWR 7 POWR 8

0 OUTPUTS:

PARAMETERS

12.000 3.0000 3.0000 6.0000 7 0000

8 .0000

***** SUPERBLOCK 2 *****

SUPERBLOCK SIMULTANEOUS EQUATION UNFREEZING OPTION, IFZOPT « 0 SUPERBLOCK INPUT SCAN OPTION, INSOPT = 0

2 REPORTED VARIABLES:

TEMP 1 AHUM 1

0 SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS; VARIABLES:

***** block 3 *****

2 SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS, VARIABLES:

TEMP 1 AHUM 1

UNIT 10 TYPE 52

11 INPUTS:

PRES 1 TEMP 1 AHUM 1 PRES 2 FLOW 1 TEMP 11 AHUM 2 POWR 3

138
CTRL 1 CTRL 2 CTRL 3

4 OUTPUTS:

TEMP 1 AHUM 1 POWR 1 POWR 2

PARAMETERS:

1 . 0000 200 . 00 4 . 0000 148.84 1.0000

7 . 17600E-02 4 . 54000E-02 0 .20000 1.0000 0.15000

2 . OOOOOE-02 0 .30500

TMIN = i.OOO TMAX = iOOO.OOO TSTOP = 86400. OOQ

BUILDING SHELL MODEL IN SUPERBLOCK 1: CONSTANT TIME STEP TSHELL = 900.00

WEATHER DATA: LATITUDE = 38.850 LONGITUDE = 77.030

STARTING DATE: 7 JUL

SOURCE: CLEAR SKY DESIGN DAY METHOD

****#*»«»* SUPERBLOCK 1 ******«**»

TIME = 3600.00

TEMP 2 TEMP 3 TEMP 4 TEMP 5 TEMP 6 TEMP 7 TEMP 8 TEMP 1

20 . 2 20 . 4 20 . 3 20 . 2 20 . 4 20 . 2 20.5 20 . 5 TEMP 12 POWR 3 POWR 6 POWR 7 POWR 8 21.3 4 . 71 lE-02 0 . 000 0 .000 0.000

t**tt**t** SUPERBLOCK 1 TIME = 7200 . 00

TEMP 2 TEMP 3 TEMP 4 TEMP 5 TEMP 6 TEMP 7 ^TEMP 3 TEMP 10

20.3 20 . 4 20 . 4 20 . 3 20 . 5 20.3 20 . 5 20 .5 TEMP 12 powrS Foim 6 POWR 7 POWR 8 20 . 8 5 . 145E-02 0.000 0.000 0 . 000

********** SUPERBLOCK 1 ««**«***«*

TIME = 10800.00

TEMP 2 TEMP 3 TEMP 4 TEMP 5 TEMP 6 TEMP 7 TEMP 8 TEMP 10

20 . 3 20 . 4 20 . 4 20 . 3 20 . 5 20 . 3 20 . 4 20 . 5 TEMP 12 POWR 3 POWR 6 POWR 7 POWR 8 20.4 5 . 097E-02 0 .000 0 .000 0.000

( OUTPUTS FROM TIME=14400 TO 79200 ARE DELETED)

**«**»**** SUPERBLOCK 1 *»»*»<»«««»

TIME= 82800.00

TEMP 2 TEMP 3 TEMP 4 TEMP 5 TEMP 6 TEMP 7 TEMP 8 TEMP 10 20 . 4 20 . 6 20 . 6 20 . 4 21.1 20 . 4 20 . B 20 . 7 TEMP 12 POWR 3 POWR 6 POWR 7 POWR 8 22 . 4 9 . 917E-02 0 . 000 0 .000 0.000

********** SUPERBLOCK j **********

TIME= 86400.00

TEMP 2 TEMP 3 TEMP 4 TEMP 5 TEMP 6 TEMP 7 TEMP 8 TEMPI 0 20 . 3 20 . 5 20 . 5 20 . 3 20 . 9 20 . 3 20.7 20.6

139
TYPE WORK

TEMP 12

21.8

POWR 3

8 . 252 E -02

POWR 6 0.000POWR 7 POWR 8 0.000 0.000

File ; INITOUT.DAT = > INITIN . DAT (Initialisation File )

1 . 00 1000.00 86400 . 00 86400.00 32 399

0 . 000000 0 .000000 101.300 0 .000000 20.0007

20 . 34 29 20.5433 20.5147 20 3472 209149

20.3471 20.7106 20 .0000 20.6313 20.0000

21.8000 1 .00000 1 .0000 0 1.00000 0.000000

1 . 000 00 4 . OOOOOOE -02 0 . 135232 8 . 2 5 2 3 82 E -02 0.000000

0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0 . 0 00 000 7 400133 E -0

7 . 399999 E -03 1 . 33 000 0 E -02 11-111 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 -1 1-11111 1 1 1 -1 -

1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 86400.0 20.5147 20.5285 20.5441 20.5618

20.5819 20.0000 20.0000 20 .0 000 200000

20 . 0000 -0 .29 39 30 -0 .279 1 4 4 -0260101 0.562424

0.585342 0.611954 1 88 . 627 60.1801 0000000

0 . 000000 0 . 000000 0 .000000 0 .0 00000 0 000000

0 .00 00 00 0 . 000 000 0.000000 0 .0 00 000 0 000000

0 . 000000 0 . 000000 0 .000000 0 000000 0 . 0 00 000

0.000000 0 . 00 000 0 0 .000 0 00 0.000000 0.000000

0 . 00 0000 0 . 000000 0 .00 0000 0 .00 00 00 0 000000

0.000000 0 . 00 0000 0 .000000 0.000000 0 000000

0.000000 0 . 00 0000 0 .000000 0000000 0 000000

0 .0000 00 0.000000 86400.0 20.5433 205566

20.5713 20.5877 20.6061 2 0 .0000 200000

20 . 00 00 20.0000 20.0000 - 0.472382 -0 478424

-0 . 4845 1 2 0 .5 87433 0 .6082 1 5 0 . 6 3 2095 60.7750

184.759 0 .0 00000 0.000000 0.000000 0 000000

0 . 000000 0 . 000000 0 . 000000 0 .0 000 00 0000000

0 .0 000 00 0 . 000000 0.000000 0.000000 0 000000

0 . 000000 0 . 000000 0 .000000 0 .000000 0 000000

0.000000 0 .00 00 00 0 . 000000 0 .0 000 00 0 000000

0 . 000000 0.000000 0 .000000 0 .0 00000 0 000000

0 .00 00 00 0 .00 0 000 0.000000 0.000000 0 000000

0 . 000000 0 . 000000 0 . 000000 0 000000 86400 0 20.3429 20.3512 20 . 0000 20 0000 -1 55827

- 1.59109 1 . 62202 1.66194 159.956 157 816

0 .000000 0 . 000000 0 .00000 0 0 . 0000 00 0 000000

0 . 000000 0 . 000000 0 . 000000 0 .000000 0000000

0 .0000 00 0 . 000000 0 .000000 0.000000 0 000000

0 . 000000 0 . 000000 0 .000000 0.000000 0000000

0.000000 0 . 000000 0.000000 0.000000 0 000000

0 .000000 0 . 000000 0 .000000 0 .000000 0 000000

0.000000 0 . 00 0000 0 .000000 0.000000 0 000000

0 . 000000 0 . 000000 0.000000 0 . 0000 00 0 000000

0 .0000 00 0 .000000 0 . 0 00000 0.000000 0 000000

0 . 000000 86400 . 0 20.3472 203557 20 0000

20 . 00 00 - 1 .5 776 1 - 1.61086 164243 1 68301

159.987 157.820 0.000000 0.000000 0 000000

0 .000000 0 . 000000 0 . 000000 0.000000 0 000000

0 . 000000 0 . 000000 0.000000 0 000000 0 000000

0.000000 0 . 00000 0 0.000000 0 000000 0 000000

0 . 000000 0 . 000000 0.000000 0.000000 0 000000

140
0 .000000 0 . oooooc 0 .OCCt CG C . C C C P ( c (^ P C 0 0 0 c

0 . 000000 0 . 000000 C . PCOCCC P . OOP top 0 . 0 C ( 0 0 0 0.000000 0 .000000 C . ( C C t C 0 C . t‘ C C 0 1 0 [..(; 0 0 0 0 0

0 . 000000 0 . ooonoG t .COCOOG P . 0 0 tl {! P P f) . 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 .000000 0 . 000000 C . f £| 0 C C f» 8640P . P 20.3471

20 . 3SSS 20 .0000 2 c. . 0 ti 0 P -1 577:'.V -1 .6105?

1.64198 1 .68240 159 . ?|!7 157 . 019 0 . P 0

00 0 0.000000 0 . 00G060 0 . OCOOOO 9 .flOPfiOt! 1 ! . f) 0 0 0 0 0

0 .000000 0 . 000000 C . fcPCPOt' 0 . (iCPOPP e . 0 0 D 0 0 0 0.000000 0 . 000000 ( . OOCOOP 0 . O0OD9P D . 0 0 0 C Cl 0

0 .000000 0 . 000000 p . eoctPP 0 . 0 0 0 P (} P e . u p 0 0 G 0

0 . 000000 0 .000000 (! . GDOOOP 0 . POPOtiP 0.900000

0.000000 0.000000 P . OOPGOC 0 . OOODOP 0 . 000000

0 . 000000 0 . 000000 0 . POOClOO 0 . OOOOOP 0.000000

0 .000000 0 . OOOOGO a .000000 0 . 000090 C . t) 0 0 0 0 0 0.000000 0 . ODOGOO 0 . aooooo 0 . BOOOtH) 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 86400 . 0 20 .9149 20 . 9599 2 1 . (> 0 9 4 21.0640

22 .9142 23 . 1523 23.4117 23 . 695:. 2.21538

2 .42876 2 . 6 6 3 6 C 13.9172 15 . 2 or- 16.6440

180.445 729.118 P . OOOOOt) '3. 00.3000 0.009000

0 .000000 0 . 000000 0 . 000000 0.000000 Q . 000000

0 . 000000 0 . 000000 0.000000 0 . 0 0 0 i) 0 0 ij . 000000

0 .000000 0 . COOOOG 0 . OQOOOO 0.00 0 0 0 Q . ooacoo

0 . 000000 C . 000000 s.ooooso 0 . 900000 0 . 900000

0 .000000 0 . 000000 y . 000000 8 . 000000 0 . 990005

0 . 000000 0.000000 0 . oooooo 0 .093000 0 . .9000.00

0 .000000 0 . OOOOOD a . 000009 0.000030 9 . ''(39000

0 . 000000 0 . 000000 86409.9 29 . 7106 ,21.6348

1.35913 0 .000000 -1 . 35913 0 .000009 9.990000

0.000000 0 . oocooo 0 . 009000 0.090930 a. -309000

0.000000 0.900000 9 . 000000 0.9009 9 0 0 . oo'joao

0 . 000000 0.000090 9 . OOQOOa a . 093009 ) . ) ) 0 3 0 0

0 .000000 0 . 000000 9 . 0 0 0 1) 0 (1 0 . 090300 . loaooo

0 . 000000 0 . 000000 0 . OOQOOO 0.0393 ) 3 0 . ooooao

0 . 000000 0 . 000000 3.0000 0 0 9.33933) 9.330000

0.000000 0 . 000000 3.9D0030 0 . 3 3 3 3 3 3 0 . 3 3 0 0 0 0

0 .000000 0 .000000 0.300000 a . 3 a 3 3 0 3 .1 .

0 '3 0 a 0

0 . 000000 C . 000000 9. 3000-3 3 0 .933 ) 3 3 3 .939009

0 .000000 0 . 000000 0.000330 0.03333}

(3) Continuation of Simulation

* Eiecution of MODSIH for SiRiuIati>n ajing ths In i t i a 1 i « 1 1 i on file

tk *

* MODSIM Vfessieti 5.0 »

« It

Enter MINIMUM TIME STEP, MA2IMU1 TIME STEP, and 311'JLATION STJPMMC TIME;

1,1000,172800

Is the Building Shell Model usad? <>i> Y Will the Initialisation File be called? <N>

Y

What is the INDEX NUMBER of the SUPER3LOCX for the Building Shell?

141
1 ISSHEL =1

Enter the time of day (in hours after midnight)

at which the simulation is to begin

0 Use default file names for all files? (Y/N) <Y>

N

Enter the name of the Model Definition File,

or Carriage Return for default name: MODELDEF.DAT

Enter the name of the Boundary Variable File,

or Carriage Return for default name: BOUNOARY.DAT

Enter the name of the Initial State File,

or Carriage Return for default name: INITIN.DAT

Enter the name of the Final State File,

or Carriage Return for default name: INITOUT.DAT

Enter the name of the Output Data File,

or Carriage Return for default name: MODOUT.DAT

Enter the name of the Simulation Summary File,

or Carriage Return for default name: MODSUM.DAT

M0DSUM2.DAT

Enter the name of the CTF File,

or Carriage Return for default name: CTFDATA.DAT

Enter the name of the Veather Data File,

or Carriage Return for default name: VEATHER.DAT

Do you want Diagnostic Information to be written <N>?

N

Would you like to monitor the Simulation on Screen? <N> N

SIMULATION BEGINS

-- FIRST WEATHER DATA SET HAS BEEN READ

INITIALIZATION FILE HAS BEEN WRITTEN

STOP END OF SIMULATION

* File: MODSUM2.DAT (for the second run)

***** PROGRAM MODSIM *****

a MODular SIMulation program

ONE ZONE MODEL

2 SUPERBLOCKS 3 BLOCKS 10 UNITS

32 STATE VARIABLES:

3 PRES 1 FLOW 12 TEMP 5 CTRL 8 POWR 3 AHUM

INITIAL STATE VECTOR:

PRES:

0.000000 0.000000 101.300

FLOW:

1 /. 0
0 . 000000

20 .5433

20.7106

1.00000

TEMP ;20 .0007

20.9149

20 . 0000

CTRL :

1 .00000

POWR:

4 . OOOOODE-02

0 .000000

AHUM

7.400133E-C3 7.399999E-03 1.330000S-02

0 TIME DEPENDEMT BOUNDARY VARIABLES;

ERROR TOLERANCES: RTOLX, ATOLI, XTOL, TTIME

l.OOOOOE-04 l.OOOOOE-05 2.00000E-04

20 .3429

20 .3471

2 1 .3000

1 .00000

0 . 1 35232

0 . 000000

8 . 252382E-02

0 .000000

20.5147

20 .COCO

C .000000

0 . 000000

1.0000

20 .3472

20.6313

1 . 00000

0 .000000

TMIN = 1.000 TMAE = 1000.000 T3TO? = 172800.000

BUILDING SHELL MODEL IN SUPERBLOCK 1: CONSTANT TIME STEP TSHELL = 900.00

WEATHER DATA: LATITUDE = 38.350 LONGITUDE = 77.030

STARTING DATE; 7 JUL

SOURCECLEAR SKY DESIGN DAY METHOD

********** SUPERBLOCK 1 **********

TIME = 3600.00

TEMP 2 TEMP 3 TEMP 4 TEMP 5 TEMP 6 TEM? 7 TEMP 8 TEMP 10

20 . 7 21.0 20.9 20 . 1 21.3 20 . 7 21.1 21 .0 TEMP 12 POWR 3 POWR 6 POWR 7 POWR 8 21.3 -0.183 0.000 0 .000 0 .000

********** SUPERBLOCK 2 **********

TIME = 3600 . 00

TEMP 1 AHUM 1 21.9 7 . 831E-03

********** SUPERBLOCK 1 **********

TIME = 7200.00

TEMP 2 TEMP 3 TEMP 4 TEMP 5 TEMP 6 TEMP 7 TEMP 8 TEMP 10

20 . 8 21.2 21.1 20 . 8 21.4 20 . 8 21.2 21.2

TEMP 12 POWR 3 POWR 6 POWR 7 POWR 8 20 . 8 -0.224 0.000 0 . 000 G .000

********** SUPERBLOCK 2 «***«*****

TIME= 7200.00

TEMP 1 AHUM 1 22.1 8.223E-03

(OUTPUTS FROM TIME=10800 TO 169200 ARE DELETED)

143
********** SUPERBLOCK 1 ********** TIME= 172800.00

TEMP 2 TEMP 3 TEMP 4 TEMP 5 TEMP 6 TEMP 7 TEMP 8 TEMP 10 21.1 21.7 21.7 21.2 22 . 1 21 . 2 21.8 21.6

TEMP 12 POWR 3 POWR 6 POWR 7 POWR 8 21.8 -0 .258 0 .000 0 . 000 0 .000

********** SUPERBLOCK 2 **********

TIME= 172800.00

TEMP 1 AHUM 1 22.6 1.B20E-02

* File; MODOUT.DAT (for the second run)

SUPERBLOCK 1 1 20.2917

20 .2843

0.000000 0 SUPERBLOCK 2 1 20.0016 7 SUPERBLOCK 2 5 20.0054 7 SUPERBLOCK 2 13

20.0128 7 SUPERBLOCK 2 29

20.0277 7 SUPERBLOCK 2 61 20.0574 7 SUPERBLOCK 2 125

20.1168 7 SUPERBLOCK 2 253

20.2349 7 SUPERBLOCK 2 509

20:4688 7 SUPERBLOCK 1 900

20.5530

20.55 1 3 0.000000 0 SUPERBLOCK 2 1021

20.8193 7 SUPERBLOCK 1 1800

20.5248

20.5319

0.000000 0 SUPERBLOCK 2 2021

21.4451 7 SUPERBLOCK 1 2700

20.5797

20 .58 97

0.000000 0 SUPERBLOCK 2 3021

21.7804 7 SUPERBLOCK 1 3600

20.6530

20.6655

0.000000 0

. 00

20.5139 20 .5405

21 .0060 21 .2797

.000000 0 . 000000

. 00

. 400267E-03

. 00

. 400803E-03

.00

. 40 1876E-03

.00

. 404022E-03

.00

. 40831 7E-03

.00

. 4 1 6867E-03

. 00

. 433806E-03

. 00

. 467050E-03

.00

20 .9868 20.8029

21.2203 20.6367

.000000 0 . 000000

.00

. 531 37 1E-03

. 00

20.7980 20.7678

20 . 9597 20.8542

. 000000 0 . 000000

. 00

. 649470E-03

.00

20 .89 06 20.8064

21 .0495 20.9111

.000000 0 .000000

. 00

. 765420E-03

.00

21.0056 20 . 875 4 21.1431 20.9923

. 000000 0 .000000

20 .2846

2 1 .8000

20.5515

2 1 . 6 776

20.5321

215535

20 .5900

21 4276

20.6659

21 3000

21.1066

8 . 4 0 40 8 2E-02

212674

1 849874E-03

211843

-1 177248E-02

21 1941

-0 116937

21 2501

-0 182925

144
SUPERBLOCK 2 4021.00

21 .9328 7 . 879067E-03

SUPERBLOCK 1 4300 .00

20.7129 2 1 . 0866 20.9417 20 . 7276 2 1 .3079

20 .7271 21.1954 21 . 0578 21.1710 -0.207124

0 . 000000 0 .000000 0 .000000

SUPERBLOCK 2 5021.00

22.0143 7 . 990129E-03

SUPERBLOCK 1 5400 .00

20.7564 21.1417 20.9970 20 .772 1 21.3539

20.7715 21.2228 21.1055 21.0429 -0.21674?

0 .000000 0 .000000 0 . 009000

SUPERBLOCK 2 6021.00

22.0642 8 . 098523E-03

SUPERBLOCK 1 6300.00

20.7868 21.1799 21.0412 20 . 3031 21.3862

20.8026 21 . 2357 21‘. 1394 20.9184 -9 .22 1 38 2

0 . 000000 0 .0 0 0000 C .000000

SUPERBLOCK 2 702 1 . 00

22.0962 8 . 204252E-03

SUPERBLOCK 1 7200 . 00

20.8078 2 1 .2065 2 1 .0757 20.8246 2 1 . 4 067

20.8240 21 .2395 21.1629 20.8000 -0.223380

0 . 000000 0 . 000000 0 . 000000

SUPERBLOCK 2 8021.00

22.1167 8 . 307319E-03

SUPERBLOCK 1 8100.00

20.8220 2 1 . 2247 21.1021 20 . 8391 21.4177

20 . 8384 2 1 .2 3 7 4 21.1788 20.6398 -0 . 22527 3

0 . 000000 0 .000000 0 . 000000

SUPERBLOCK 1 9000 . 00

20.8295 2 1 .2332 21.1203 20 .8466 21.4193

20 . 8460 21 . 2272 21 . 1366 20.5871 -0.223120

0 . 000000 0 .000000 0 . 000000

SUPERBLOCK 2 9021.00

22 . 1346 8 . 407805E-03

(OUTPUTS FROM TIME=9900 TO 171000 ARE DELETED)

SUPERBLOCK 2 171021.00

22 . 7579 1 . 824518E-02

SUPERBLOCK 1 17 1 900 . 00

21.1762 21.7274 21.7091 21.2013 22.2095

21.2008 21.8538 21.6709 21.9322 -0.263855

0 . 000000 0 .000000 0 .000000

SUPERBLOCK 2 1 72 02 1 .00

22.6839 1 . 822144E-02

SUPERBLOCK 1 1 72800 .00

21.1395 2 1 .6 7 42 2 1 .6 5 0 8 21.1642 221230

21.1632 21.7831 21.6196 2 1 .8 0 0 0 -0 25 76 1 7 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

SUPERBLOCK 2 1 7 28 00 . 00

22.6373 1 . 8 2 0 2 25E-02

145
C . Postprocessing - Output Data Analysis

* Execution of SORTSB

Enter input file name MODOUT.DAT

Enter output file name SORTSB.DAT

Superblock # ?

1

SUPERBLOCK 1 20.2917

20 .26 43

0 . 00 00 00

SUPERBLOCK 2 20.0016

SUPERBLOCK 2

1 . 00

20.5139 20.5405

21.0060 21.2797

0.000000 0.000000

1 .00

7 . 40026 7E-03

5 .00

Number of seconds per unit time?

3600

Extract another superblock? <N> N

STOP END OF SORTSB

20.2846 211066

2 1 . 6000 8 4 04 0 8 2E-02

' File; SORTSB DAT (for SUPERBLOCK #1)

0 . 2 777 78E-03 20.2917 20.5139 20 .5405 20 .26 4 6 21.1066 20.2843 2 1 .0 060 21.2797 2 1 800 0

0 . 8 4 0 4 08E-0 1 0 . 00 0000 0 . 000000 0 . 000000

0.250000 20.5530 20.9668 20.8029 20 5515

21.2674 20.5513 2 1 .22 03 20 . 6 367 21 6 7 76

0 . 1 8 4 98 7E-02 0 .000000 0 .0000 00 0000000

0 .500000 20 .5248 20 . 7980 20.7678 20 5 32 1 21.1843 20.5319 20.9597 20.8542 21 55 3 5 -0 . 1 1 7725E-01 0 . 000000 0 . 0000 00 0 . 00000 0

0 . 75 0000 20 . 579 7 20.6906 208064 20 5 90 0 21.1941 20.5897 21.0495 209111 2 1 4 2 76

-0 . 1 1 6937 0 .000000 0 .000000 0 .00 00 00

1 . 00000 20 . 6530 21.0056 208754 20 66 5 9 21.2501 20.6655 21.1431 209923 2 1 3 0 0 0 -0 . 1 829 25 0 . 000000 0 . 000000 0 . 00000 0

1 . 25 000 20.7129 21.0666 209417 20 7 27 6

2 1 .3079 20 . 727 1 21.1954 21.0578 2 1 1710

-0 . 207 1 24 0 .0000 00 0 .000000 0.000000

1 .50000 20.7564 21.1417 20.9970 20 7 7 2 1 21.3539 20.7715 21.2228 211055 21 0 4 2 9 -0 .2 1 6749 0 . 00 0000 0 . 000000 0 000000

1 .75000 20.7868 21 . 1799 210412 20 603 1 21 . 3862 20.8026 21 .2357 211394 20 9 184

-0 . 22 1 382 0 .0000 00 0 .000000 0000000

(OUTPUTS FROM T1ME=2.00 HOUR TO 45.75 HOUR ARE DELETED)

146
46 .0000 21 .5826 22.2978 22.3858 21.6182

23.1710 21.6167 22 .5207 22 .237 1 23.2000

-0 . 300409 0 .000000 0 .000000 0 .000000

46 . 2500 2 1 .4953 22.1766 22.2449 2 1 .5257

22 . 9737 2 1 .5273 22.3873 22.1180 22 .978 9 - 0 .29 1503 0 . 000000 0 . OOOCOC 0 . 000000

46.5000 21 . 4200 22.0715 22.1218 21.4517

22 . 3010 21 . 4504 22 .2689 22.0144 22.7725

-0 .283895 0.000000 0 . GOOOCC 0 .000000

46 . 7500 21 . 3547 21 .9798 22.0139 21 .3847

22.6490 21 . 3835 22.1632 21 .9239 22.5798

- 0.277311 0 . 000000 0 . 000000 0 .000000

47 . 0000 21 . 2977 21.8994 21.9195 21.3263

22.5147 21.3251 22.0686 21.8445 22 . 4000

- 0.271551 0 .000000 0 .000000 0 . 0 0 C 0 0 0 47 . 2500 2 1 .2476 21 . S 286 2 1 .3360 21 .2750

22.3954 2 1 . 2739 21 . 9836 21 . 7744 22.2322

- 0 .266483 0 . 000000 0 . 003000 0 . 000000

47.5000 21.2160 21 . 7594 21.7731 21.2427

22 . 3032 21.2416 21.9335 21.7279 22.0762

- 0.201198 0 . 000000 0.000000 0 .000000

47 . 7500 21 . 1762 21 . 7274 21.7091 21.2018

22.2095 21 .2008 2 ! .8538 21.6709 21.9322

- 0 . 263855 0 . 000000 0 . 000000 0 . 000000

48.0000 21.1395 21 . 6742 21.6508 21.1642

22 . 1230 21.1632 2 .1 . 7 3 3 1 21 .6196 21 . BOOO

-0 . 2576 1 7 0.000000 ; 0 .000000 0 .003000

147
Temperature

(C)

Inner

surface

temp.

(C)

igure C-3. Inner surface temperatures of the single-zone model

Figure C-4. Outdoor air, zone, air, and mean radiant teraperaturefl of

the single-zone model

14G
Figure C-5. Artificially generated solar radiation influxes
APPENDIX D: Esasple 2 Three-tone Building Model

A three-tone building model is simulated in this example, following the

Simulation Procedure outlined in Chapter 9 of this report. The purpose of the

example is to demonstrate how to use HVACSIH-i- with a multitone building model.

Selected data files are listed. The weather data file is created by using

the weather tape information. The inlet temperature of the inlet duct is

selected as a boundary variable. The machine precisons used in this example

are the same as those used in Example 1.

A . Preprocessing - Input Data Generation

( 1 ) Creation of Simulation Work File

As shown in Figure D-1, the example model is a single-story building with

three zones. A simple system (inlet duct -f an-duc t ) is connected to one of

zones, Zone 3 (see Figure D-2).

150
North

wall

South

wail

East wa!S

Window

TOP V3EW

Window

Figure D-1. A three-zone model

TY3 TY1 TY2 TY52 TY2

Figure D-2. A simple system (fan and ducts) for Zone 3

151
* Initial Conditions of State Variables

PI Zone air pressure, gage ( IZN=1

)

0 . 0 kPa

P2 Zone air pressure, gage ( IZN=2

0 . 0 kPd

P3 Zone air pressure. gage ( IZN=3

0 . 3 kPa

P4 Supply air pressure, gage (IZN=1) 0 . 0 kPa

P5 Supply air pressure, gage (1ZN=2> 0 0 kPa

P6 Supply air pressure, gage (IZN=3) 0 . 5 kPa

P7 Inlet pressure of the inlet duct 0 0 kPa

P8 Outlet pressure of the inlet duct -0 . 8 kPa

P9 Outlet pressure of the f an 1 ,. 0 kPa

PIO Out let pressure of the eshaust duct -0 . 5 kPa

PI 1 Outdoor air barometric pressure 0 . 0 kPa

Ml Supply air mass flow rate (1ZN=1) 0 . 0 k g

/ s M2 Supply air mass flow rate (IZN=2) 0 . 0 kg/s

M3 Supply air mass flow rate (IZN=3) 2 . 5 kg/ s

T1 Inner surface t emp 0 f roof (IZN=120 . 0 C T2 Inner surface t emp 0 f floor 20 . 0 C T3 Inner surface t emp 0 f west wall 20 . 0 C T4 Inner surface t emp 0 f south wall 20 . 0 C T5 Inner surface t emp 0 f east wall 20 . 0 C T6 Inner surf ace t emp 0 f north wall 20 0 C T7 Inner surface t emp 0 f north window 20 . 0 C T8 Inner surf ace t emp 0 f roof (IZN=2) 20 . 0 C T9 Inner surface t emp 0 f floor 20 . 0 C TIO Inner surface t emp 0 f west wall 20 0 C T1 1 Inner surface t emp 0 f south wall 20 0 C T12 Inner surface t emp 0 f east wall 20 0 C T1 3 Inner surface t emp 0 f north wall 20 . 0 C T14 Inner surf ace t emp 0 f roof (IZN=3) 20 0 C T15 Inner surface t emp 0 f floor 20 0 C T16 Inner surface t emp 0 f west wall 20 0 C T17 Inner surface t emp 0 f south wall 20 0 C T18 Inner surf ace t emp 0 f east wall 20 0 C T19 Inner surface t emp 0 f north wall 20 . 0 C T20 Inner surface t emp 0 f south window 20 0 C T2 1 Ground t emp

15 0 c T22 Mean radiant t empe r a t u r e (I ZN= 1

20 0 c T23 Mean radiant temperature (IZN=2) 20 0 c T24 Mean radiant temperature (IZN=3) 20 0 c T25 Zone air dr y- bulb t emp . ( IZN=1

)

20 0 c T26 Zone air dry- bulb t emp ( IZN=2

20 0 c T27 Zone air dry- bulb t emp . ( IZN=3

20 0 c T28 Supply air t emp

(IZN=1

20 0 c T29 Supply air temp. ( IZN=2 ) 20 0 c T30 Supp 1 y air t emp

( IZN = 3 ) 20 0 c T31 Inlet air t emp . o f the inlet duct (B.C) 20 0 c T32 Outdoor air dry-bulb temp. 20 0 c T33 Outlet air temp, of the inlet duct 20 0 c

Cl Numb er of people ( IZN=i

1 0 C2 Equipment utilization coefficient 1 0 C3 Light utilization coefficient 1 0 C4 Shaded fraction of outer surface 0 0 C5 Number of people ( IZN=2

1 0

152
Z6 Equipment utilization coefficient 1 . 0 C7 Light utilization coefficient 1 . 0 C8 Shaded fraction of outer surface 0 . 0 C9 Number of people (1ZN=3) 1 0 CIO Equipment utilization coefficient 1 . 0 Cl 1 Light utilization coefficient 1 . 0 C12 Shaded fraction of outer surface 0 . 0

R1 Fan roataional speed 60 . 0 r e V / s

Q1 Convective heat gain from surfaces It 0 . c kV

Q2 Short wave radiant heat gain 0 . 0 fcW Q3 Long wave radiant heat gain 0 . 0 kU

Q4 Convective heat gain from surfaces ( IZN=2) 0 . 0 kW

Q5 Short wave radiant heat gain 0 . 0 kV

Q6 Long wave radiant heat gain 0 . 0 kW

Q7 Convective heat gain from surfaces < IZN=3

)

0 . 0 kV

08 Short wave radiant heat gain 0 . 0 kV/ 09 Long wave radiant heat gain 0 . 0 kW

OlO Fan power consumption 0 . 0 kV

01 1 Direct solar radiation 0 . 0 kV

012 Diffuse solar radiation 0 . 0 kV

01 3 Total horizontal solar radiation 0 . 0 kW

HI Zone air humidity ratio (IZNrl) 0.0074

H2 Zone air humidity ratio (IZN=2) 0 . 0074

H3 Zone air humidity ratio (IZH=3) 0.0074

H4 Supply air humidity ratio (IZN=1) 0.0074

H5 Supply air humidity ratio (IZM=2) 0.0074

H4 Supply air humidity ratio (1ZN=3) 0.0074

H7 Outdoor air humidity ratio 0 . 0

a.'

153
* Eiecution of HVACGEN

HVACGEN - Simulation GENeration Program

Version 1.8 (08-16 1985)

Choose from the list below;

CReate ( S Imu 1 a t i on , Block , UNi t

)

EDit (Slmulat ion.UNit

)

View ( Slmu 1 at i on , Block , UNi t

)

HElp

ENd

Selection ? VI

View a

SImulat ion

Block M

UNit

Enter Selection

SI

Enter the filename (Maiimum of 8 characters)

THRIZONE

reading from work file....

INITIAIIZING TYPES INFORMATION...

What part of the simulation would you like to view

All the simulation information (for documentation)

STructure (superblock , block , and unit Information)

VAriable initial values

ERror tolerances, variable scan and freese options

Boundary variables

REported variables

continue with the previous menu

Al

THREE ZONE BUIIDING MODEl --A SINGIE STORY BUllDING

SUPERBIOCK 1 BIOCK 1 UNIT 1 TYPE 50 - ZONE ENVEIOPE

154
UNIT 2 TYPE 51 - BUILDING SURFACE

UNIT 3 TYPE 51 - BUILDING SURFACE

UNIT 4 TYPE 51 - BUILDING SURFACE

UNIT 5 TYPE 51 - BUILDING SURFACE

UNIT 6 TYPE 51 - BUILDING SURFACE

UNIT 7 TYPE 51 - BUILDING SURFACE.

UNIT 8 TYPE 51 - BUILDING SURFACE

BLOCK 2 UNIT 9 TYPE 50 - ZONE ENVELOPS

UNIT 10 TYPE 51 - BUILDING SURFACE

UNIT 11 TYPE 51 - BUILDING SURFACE

UNIT 12 TYPE 51 - BUILDING SURFACE

UNIT 13 TYPE 51 - BUILDING SUSP^'CE

UNIT 14 TYPE 51 - BUILDING £UP7F^ACE

UNIT 15 TYPE 51 - BUILDING SURFACE

UNIT 16 TYPE 51 - BUILDING SURFACE

BLOCK 3 UNIT 17 TYPE SO - ZONE ENyFlOrF.

UNIT 18 TYPE 5 1 - BUILDING SURFACE

UNIT 19- TYPE 51 - BUILDING SURFACE

UNIT 20 TYPE 51 - BUILDING SURFACE

UNIT 21 TYPE 51 - BUILDING SURFACE

UNIT 22 TYPE 51 - BUILDING SURFACE

UNIT

BLOCK 4

23 TYPE 51 - BUILDING SURFACE

UNIT 31 TYPE 53 - LEATHER INPUT

SUPERBLOCK 2 BLOCK 5 UNIT 24 TYPE 52 - ZONE KODEL

BLOCK 6 UNIT 25 TYPE 52 - ZONE MODEL

BLOCK 7 UNIT 26 TYPE 52 - ZONE MODEL

BLOCK 8 UNIT 27- TYPE 3 - INLET CONDUIT (DUCT OF. UNIT 28 TYPE 1 - FAN OR Pim?

UNIT 29 TYPE 2 - CONDUIT (DUCT OR PIPE)

UNIT 30 TYPE 2 - CONDUIT (DUCT OR PIPE)

UNIT 1 TYPE 50

ZONE ENVELOPE

1 INPUTS;

TEMPERATURE 27 - TIA: Zone ir dry -bn lb taiaperature

POWER 8 - QISV: I n i G

:• nal (short wave) radiant gain

POWER 9 - QILW: In i 0 r nil (Ion -3 wavs) radiant gain

TEMPERATURE 14 - TIS( 1 ) Inner 5 w r ! n c e temper a tare

TEMPERATURE 15 - TIS(2) Inner surface temperature

TEMPERATURE 16 - TIS< 3) Inner surface temperature

TEMPERATURE 17 - TIS( 4) Inner surface temperature

TEMPERATURE 18 - TIS(5) Inner scr face temperature

TEMPERATURE 19 - TIS(6) Inner 5 u r I A C 6 t emper a t ur c TEMPERATURE 20 - TIS(7) Inner surface t empexa t ur e TEMPERATURE 20 - TIS(8) Inner surface temperature

TEMPERATURE 20 - TIS(9) inner surface t emper a t ur e TEMPERATURE 20 - TIS( 10) : Inn. T surface temperature

2 OUTPUTS

155
TEMPERATURE

POWER

24 - TMR ; Mean radiant temperature

7 - QVALL; Convective heat gain from surfaces

PARAMETERS

3. 00000

7 .00000

IZN:

NS;

UNIT 2 TYPE 51

BUILDING SURFACE

1 INPUTS

TEMPERATURE 27 - TEMPERATURE 24 - TEMPERATURE 14 - CONTROL 12 -

2 OUTPUTS

TEMPERATURE 14 - POWER 0 -

3 PARAMETERS:

3. 00000 IZN:

1 .00000 ID:

2 . 00000 lEXPOS

1 .00000 ISTR;

37.2100 AS:

0 . 000000 ORIENT

0.000000 TILT:

0 . 200000 GRF :

1 . 00000 IROFS;

0 .600000 ABSOS:

0 650000 ABSIS:

0 .900000 EMITIS

0.000000 TRANSM

0 . 000000 SC ;

Identification number of tone

Number of surfaces of tone

TIA: Indoor air dry-bulb temperature

TMR: Mean radiant temperature

TOSINF: Outer surface temp, of uneiposed wall

FSHADW; Shaded fraction of eiposed surface

SOLINT:

Inner surface temperature

Integrated solar influi on surface

Identification number of tone

Identification number of surface

0=U/in tone, isbetw. tones , Zstiposed to sun Identification number of the construct

Surface area (m2)

Atimuth angle of normal to surface i south

Tilt angle: flat roofzO, flooraisO (degree)

Ground reflectivity (-)

Outer surface roughness indci: l>stucco,...

Solar absorptance of outer surface (-)

Short wave absorptance of inner .sur f ace (-

)

Emissivity of the inner surface (-)

Transmittance of the glass window (-)

Shading coeff. of the glass window (-)

UNIT 3 TYPE

BUILDING SURFACE

SI

1 INPUTS;

TEMPERATURE 27 - TIA;

TEMPERATURE 24 - TMR:

TEMPERATURE 21 - TOSINF

CONTROL 12 - FSHADW

OUTPUTS

TEMPERATURE 15 - TIS:

POWER 0 - SOLINT

Indoor air dry-bulb temperature

Mean radiant temperature

Outer surface temp, of uneiposed wall

Inner surface temperature

Integrated solar influi on surface

PARAMETERS:

3.00000 IZN: Identification number of lone

2 .00000 ID; Identification number of surface

1 . 00000 lEXPOS: OsW/in tone, l>betw. tones , 2aeiposed to sun

2 .00000 ISTR: Identification number of the construct

37.2100 AS: Surface area (m2)

0 . 000000 ORIENT: Aiimuth angle of normal to surface ( south

180 . 000 TILT: Tilt angle; flat roof«0, flooralSO (degree)

0 . 200000 GRF: Ground reflectivity (-)
UNIT

0 . 000000

0 . 000000

0 .650000

0 .900000

0 . 000000

0 . 000000

IROFS:

ABSOS

ABSIS;

EMITIS

TRANSM

SC :

4 type 51

NG SURFACE

INPUTS

TEMPERATURE 27 - TEMPERATURE 24 - TEMPERATURE 16 - CONTROL 12 -

OUTPUTS:

TEMPERATURE 16 - POWER 0 -

PARAMETERS:

3. 00000 IZN;

3 .00000 ID:

2 . 00000 lEXPOS

3 . 00000 ISTR:

24 . 4000 AS:

90.0000 OR I ENT

90 . 0000 TILT:

0 .200000 GRP;

5 . 00000 IROFS:

0 . 400000 ABSOS:

0 .650000 ABSIS:

0 .900000 EMITIS

0 . 000000 TRANSM

0 . 000000 SC ;

Outer surface roughness indea : Isstucco,..

Solar absorptance of outer surface (-)

Short wave absorptance of inner surface(-)

Emissivity of the inner surface <-)

Transmittance of the glass window (-)

Shading coeff. of the glass window (-)

TIA; Indoor air dry-bulb temperature

TMR : Mean radiant temperature

T05INF: Outer surface temp, of uneiposed wall

- FSHADU: Shaded fraction of esposed surface

TIS: Inner surface temperature

on surface

Identification number of zone Identification number of surface

0=V/in zone, i=betw. zones , 2sezposed to sun Identification number of the construct

Surface area (m3)

Azimuth angle of normal to surface fi south

Tilt angle: fiat roof^O, floorslSO (degree)

Ground reflectivity (-)

Outer surface roughness indei : Isstucco,...

Solar absorptance of cuter surface (-)

Short wave absorptance of inner snrface(-)

Emissivity of the inner surface (-)

Transmittance of the glass window (-)

Shading coeff. of the glass window (-)

UNIT 5 TYPE 51

BUILDING SURFACE

1 INPUTS;

TEMPERATURE 27 - TIA: Indoor air dry-bulb temperature

TEMPERATURE 24 - TMR: Mean radiant temperature

TEMPERATURE 17 - TOSINP; Outer surface temp. of uneiposed wall

CONTROL 12 - FSHADW: Shaded fraction of eipossd surface

OUTPUTS

TEMPERATURE 17 - TIS: Inner surface temperature

POWER 0 - SOLINT; Integrated solar influx on surface

PARAMETERS:

3.00000 IZN: Identification number of zone

4 .00000 ID; Identification number of surface

2 . 00000 lEXPOS: 0=W/in zone, Icbetw. zones , 2Beiposcd to sun

3 .00000 I STR

Identification number of the construct

IB . 4000 AS : Surface area (m2)

0 . 000000 ORIENT: Azimuth angle of normal to surface S south

90 . 0000 TILT: Tilt angle : flat r oof bO , f I oor > 180 ( degree

)

0 . 200000 GRP: Ground reflectivity (-)

157
UNIT

5 . 00000

0 . 400000

0 . dSOOOO

0 .900000

0 . 000000

0 . 000000

IROFS:

ABSOS : ABSIS:

EMITIS

TRANSM

SC :

6 TYPE 51

NG SURFACE

INPUTS

TEMPERATURE 27 - TEMPERATURE 24 - TEMPERATURE 18 - CONTROL 12 -

OUTPUTS

TEMPERATURE 18 - POWER 0 -

PARAMETERS:

3 . 00000 IZN:

S .00000 ID : 2 . 00000 lEXPOS

3.00000 ISTR:

24 . 4000 AS:

270 .000 OR I ENT

90.0000 TILT:

0 . 200000 GRF:

5 . 00000 IROFS:

0 . 400000 ABSOS:

0. 6S0000 ABSIS:

0 .900000 EMITIS

0.000000 TRANSM

0 . 000000 SC:

Outer surface roughness indei; l=stucco,..

Solar absorptance of outer surface (-)

Short wave absorptance of inner surface(-)

Emissivity of the inner surface (-)

Transmittance of the glass window (-)

Shading coeff. of the glass window (-)

TIA: Indoor air dry-bulb temperature

TMR ; Mean radiant temperature

TOSINF: Outer surface temp, of uneiposed wall

FSHADV: Shaded fraction of eiposed surface

TIS: Inner surface temperature

on surface

Identification number of lone

Identification number of surface

0=W/in tone, 1 sbe tw . t ones , 2ceiposed to son Identification number of the construct

Surface area (m2)

Atimuth angle of normal to surface & south

Tilt angle: flat roofsO, floorclSO (degree)

Ground reflectivity (-)

Outer surface roughness indei: l>stucco,...

Solar absorptance of outer surface (-)

Short wave absorptance of inner surface(-)

Emissivity of the inner surface (-)

Transmittance of the glass window (-)

Shading coeff. of the glass window (-)

UNIT 7 TYPE

BUILDING SURFACE

SI

1 INPUTS:

TEMPERATURE 27 - TIA:

TEMPERATURE 24 - TMR:

TEMPERATURE 11 - TOSINF

CONTROL 12 - FSHADW

OUTPUTS

TEMPERATURE 19 - TIS:

POWER 0 - SOLINT

Indoor air dry-bulb temperature

Mean radiant temperature

Inner surface temperature

Integrated solar influi on surface

PARAMETERS:

3. 00000 IZN: Identification number of zone

6 .00000 ID: Identification number of surface

1 . 00000 lEXPOS: OsW/in zone, labetw. zones ,• 2Beiposed to sun

5 . 00000 ISTR: Identification number of the construct

24 . 4000 AS: Surface area (m2)

0 . 000000 ORIENT: Azimuth angle of normal to surface i south

90 .0000 TILT: Tilt angle: flat roof>0, floorslBO (degree)

0 . 200000 GRF: Ground reflectivity (-)

158
S . 00000

0 .600000

0. 6S0000

0 .900000

0 .000000

0 . 000000

IROFS: Outer surface roughness indes; l=stucco,...

ABSOS; Solar absorptance of outer surface (-)

ABSIS; Short wave absorptance of inner surface(-)

EMITIS: Emissivity of the inner surface (-)

TRANSM: Transni t tance of the giass window (-)

SC: Shading coeff. of the glass window (-)

UNIT 8 TYPE 51

BUILDING SURFACE

I INPUTS;

TEMPERATURE 27 - TIA:

TEMPERATURE 24 - TMR ; TEMPERATURE 20 - TOSINF

CONTROL 12 - FSHADW

OUTPUTS

TEMPERATURE 20 - TIS;

POWER 0 - SOLINT

Indoor air dry -bulb temperature

Mean radian; t saper a t ur a Outer surface temp of unexposed wall

Shaded fraction of exposed surface

Inner surface temperature

Integrated solar influx on surface

3 PARAMETERS:

3.00000 IZN; Identification number of s one

7 .00000 ID; Identification number of surface

2.00000 lEXPOS: OsW/in sone, l=betw . sones , 2=exposed to sun

4 .00000 ISTR; Identification number of the construct

6.00000 AS: Surface area (m2)

0 . 000000 ORIENT; Azimuth ^gle of normal to surface S south

90.0000 TILT: Tilt angle': flat ro&fsO, flcorsl80 (degree)

0 . 200000 GRP: Ground reflectivity (-)

6 . 00000 IROFS; Outer surface roughness index : Isstucco ,

. . . 0 . 000000 ABSOS: Solar absorptance of outer surface (-)

0 .000000 ABSIS: Short wave absorptance of inner surface(-)

0 . 000000 EMITIS; Emissivity of the inner surface (-)

0.850000 TRANSM; Transmittance of the glass window (-)

0 . 800000 SC ; Shading coeff. of the gl ass window (-)

UNIT 9 TYPE 50

ZONE ENVELOPE

1 INPUTS:

TEMPERATURE 25 - TIA: Zone air dry -bulb temperature

POWER 2 - QISW: Internal (short wave) radiant gain

POWER 3 - QILW; Internal (long wave) radiant gain

TEMPERATURE 1 - TIS( 1

)

Inner surface temperature

TEMPERATURE 2 - TIS(2) Inner surface temperature

TEMPERATURE 3 - TIS(3) Inner surface temperature

TEMPERATURE 4 - TIS(4) Inner surface temperature

TEMPERATURE 5 - TIS(5) Inner surface t empe r a t ur e TEMPERATURE 6 - TIS(6) Inner surface temperature

TEMPERATURE 7 - TIS(7) Inner surface t empe r a t nr e TEMPERATURE 7 - TIS(8) Inner surface temperature

TEMPERATURE 7 - TIS(9) Inner s u c ;; a c e temperature

TEMPERATURE 7 - TIS( 10) : Inner surface temperature

2 OUTPUTS:

TEMPERATURE 22 - TMR : Mean radiant temperature

POWER 1 - QWALL; Convective heit gain from sur t aces

159
PARAMETERS:

1 . 00000

7 . 00000

IZN;

NS:

UNIT 10 TYPE 51

BUILDING SURFACE

1 INPUTS;

TEMPERATURE 25 - TEMPERATURE 22 - TEMPERATURE 1 - CONTROL 4 -

2 OUTPUTS;

TEMPERATURE 1 - POWER 0 -

3 PARAMETERS:

1 . 0000.0 IZN:

1 .00000 ID:

2 . 00000 lEXPOS

1 .00000 ISTR:

37.2100 AS:

0 . 000000 ORIENT

0.000000 TILT:

0 . 200000 GRF;

1.00000 IROFS:

0 . 600000 ABSOS:

0 . 650000 ABSIS:

0 . 900000 EMITIS

0.000000 TRANSM

0 . 000000 SC:

Identification number of tone

Number of surfaces of tone

TIA: Indoor air dry-bulb temperature

TNR: Mean radiant temperature

TOSINF: Outer surface temp, of uneiposed wall

FSHADV: Shaded fraction of eiposed surface

TIS; Inner surface temperature

SOLINT: Integrated solar influi on surface

Identification number of tone

Identification number of surface

0=W/in tone, Isbetw. tones , 2sciposcd to sun Identification number of the construct

Surface area (m2)

Atimuth angle of normal to surface S south

Tilt angle; flat roofsO, floor«160 (degree)

Ground reflectivity (-)

Outer surface roughness indei; Isstucco,...

Solar absorptance of outer surface (-)

Short wave absorptance of inner surface(-)

Emissivity of the inner surface (-)

Transmittance of the glass window (-)

Shading coeff. of the glass window (-)

UNIT 11 TYPE

BUILDING SURFACE

51

1 INPUTS;

TEMPERATURE 25 - TIA:

TEMPERATURE 22 - TMR;

TEMPERATURE 21 - TOSINF

CONTROL 4 - FSHADW

OUTPUTS

TEMPERATURE 2 - TIS:

POWER 0 - SOLINT

Indoor air dry-bulb temperature

Mean radiant temperature

Inner surface temperature

on surface

PARAMETERS:

1 . 00000 IZN: Identification number of tone

2 . 00000 ID; Identification number of surface

1 . 00000 I EXPOS : OsW/in tone, Isbetw. tones , 2>eiposed to sun

2 .00000 ISTR; Identification number of the construct

37.2100 AS; Surface area (m2)

0 .000000 ORIENT; Atimuth angle of normal to-surface 6 south

180 . 000 TILT. Tilt angle; flat roof-O, flooralSO (degree)

0 . 000000 GRF: Ground reflectivity (-)

0.000000 IROFS: Outer surface roughness indei lastucco,

0 . 000000 ABSOS: Solar absorptance of outer surface (-)

0.650000 ABSIS: Short wave absorptance of inner surface(-)

160
0.900000 EMITIS: Emissivity of the inner surface (-)

0.000000 TRANSM: Transmittance of the glass window (-)

0.000000 SC: Shading coeff. of the glass window (-)

UNIT 12 TYPE 51

BUILDING SURFACE

1 INPUTS:

TEMPERATURE 25 - TIA:

TEMPERATURE 22 - TMR:

TEMPERATURE 3 - TOSINF

CONTROL 4 - FSHADW

2 OUTPUTS

TEMPERATURE 3 - TIS:

POWER 0 - SOLINT

Indoor air dry-hulb temperature

Mean radiant temperature

Outer surface temp, of uneaposed wall

Shaded fraction of exposed surface

Inner surface temperature

Integrated solar influs on surface

3 PARAMETERS:

1 . 00000 IZN: Identification numbsr of zone

3 .00000 ID: Identification number of surface

2.00000 lEXPOS: 0=V/in zone, l=betw. nones , 2sesposed to sun

3 .00000 ISTR: Identification number of the construct

24 . 4000 AS: Surface area (m2)

90 . 0000 ORIENT: Azimuth angle of normal to surface S south

90 . 0000 TILT: Tilt angle: flat lootsQ, floorsiSO (degree)

0 . 200000 GRF: Ground reflectivity (-)

5 . 00000 IROFS: Outer surface roughness indez : l = stucco «...

0 . 400000 ABSOS: Solar absorptance of out er surface (-)

0.650000 ABSIS: Short wave absorptance of inner surface(-)

0 . 900000 EMITIS: Emissivity of the inner surface (-)

0.000000 TRANSM: Transmittance of the gla ss windcw (-)

0 . 000000 SC: Shading coeff. of the glass window (-)

UNIT 13 TYPE 51

BUILDING SURFACE

1 INPUTS:

TEMPERATURE 25 - TIA: Indoor air dry-bulb temperature

TEMPERATURE 22 - TMR: Mean radiant temperature

TEMPERATURE 13 - TOSINF: Outer surface temp. of unezposed wall

CONTROL 4 - FSHADW: Shaded fraction of exposed surface

OUTPUTS

TEMPERATURE 4 - TIS: Inner surface temperature

POWER 0 - SOLINT: Integrated solar influz on surface

PARAMETERS:

1 . 00000 IZN: Identification number of zone

4 .00000 ID: Identification number of surface

1 . 00000 lEXPOS: 0=W/in zone, l=betw. zones , 2sezposed to sun

5 . 00000 ISTR: Identification number of the construct

24 . 4000 AS: Surface area (m2)

180 . 000 ORIENT: Azimuth angle of normal to- surface i south

90 . 0000 TILT: Tilt ang 1 e: flat roofsO, floorslSO (degree)

0 .200000 GRF : Ground reflectivity (-)

0 .000000 IROFS Outer surface toughness indez: l>stucco,...

0 . 000000 ABSOS Solar absorptance of outer surface (-)

0.650000 ABSIS Short wave absorptance of inner sur f ace ( -

)

161
0 . 900000

0.000000

0 . 000000

EMITIS

TRANSM

SC :

UNIT 14 TYPE 51

BUILDING SURFACE

1 INPUTS:

TEMPERATURE 25 - TEMPERATURE 22 - TEMPERATURE 5 - CONTROL 4 -

2 OUTPUTS

TEMPERATURE 5 - POWER 0 -

3 PARAMETERS:

1 . 00000 IZN:

5 .00000 ID:

2 . 00000 lEXPOS

3 . 00000 ISTR:

24 . 4000 AS:

270 .000 ORIENT

90 . 0000 TILT:

0 . 200000 GRF:

5 . 00000 IROFS:

0 . 400000 ABSOS:

0 . 650000 ABSIS:

0 .900000 EMITIS

0.000000 TRANSM

0 . 000000 SC :

Shading coeff. of the glass window (-)

TIA: Indoor air dry-bulb temperature

TMR ; Mean radiant temperature

TOSINF; Outer surface temp, of uneiposed wall

FSHADV; Shaded fraction of eiposed surface

TIS: Inner surface temperature

on surface

Identification number of tone

Identification number of surface

0=V/in sone, 1 sbe tw . tones , 2«eiposed to sun Identification number of the construct

Surface area (m2)

Aiimuth angle of normal to surface S south

Tilt angle: flat roofsO, floorsieo (degree)

Ground reflectivity (-)

Outer surface roughness indei: l>stucco,...

Solar absorptance of outer surface (-)

Short wave absorptance of inner surface(-)

Emissivity of the inner surface (-)

Transmittance of the glass window (-)

Shading coeff. of the glass window (-)

UNIT 15 TYPE 51

BUILDING SURFACE

1

2

3

INPUTS;

TEMPERATURE 25 - TIA:

TEMPERATURE 22 - TMR;

TEMPERATURE 6 - TOSINF

CONTROL 4 - FSHADW

OUTPUTS;

TEMPERATURE 6 - TIS:

POWER 0 - SOLINT

Indoor air dry-bulb temperature

Mean radiant temperature

Outer surface temp, of uneiposed wall

Shaded fraction of eiposed surface

Inner surface temperature

Integrated solar influi on surface

PARAMETERS:

1 . 00000 IZN: Identification number of tone

6.00000 ID: Identification number of surface

2.00000 lEXPOS: OsW/in sonc, 1 abe t w . t ones , Zsesposed to son

3 .00000 ISTR: Identification number of t he cons t rue t 18 .4000 AS; Surface area (m2)

1 80 .000 ORIENT: Aiimuth angle of normal t 0 - sur f ace ( south

90 . 0000 TILT; Tilt angle; flat roof>0, floorallO (degree)

0 . 200000 GRF ; Ground reflectivity (-)

5 . 00000 IROFS: Outer surface roughness indes lastucco,

0 . 400000 ABSOS; Solar absorptance of outer surface (-)

0.650000 ABSIS: Short wave absorptance of inner surface(-)

162
0.900000 EMITIS: Emissivity of the inner surface (-)

0.000000 TRANSM: Transmittance of the glass window (-)

0.000000 SC: Shading coeff. of the glass window (->

UNIT 16 TYPE 51

BUILDING SURFACE

1

2

INPUTS:

TEMPERATURE

TEMPERATURE

TEMPERATURE

CONTROL

25 - TIA:

22 - TMR:

7 - TOSINF:

4 - FSHADV:

Indoor air dry-bulb temperature

Mean radiant temperature

Outer surface temp, of unezposed wall

Shaded fraction of eaposed surface

OUTPUTS

TEMPERATURE

POWER

7 - TIS:

0 - SOLINT:

Inner surface temperature

Integrated solar influx on surface

3 PARAMETERS:

1.00000 IZN:

7 .00000 ID: 2.00000 lEXPOS

4 . 00000 I STR

6 . 00000 AS:

1 80 . 000 OR I ENT

90 . 0000 TILT:

0 . 200000 GRF:

6 . 00000 IROFS:

0 . 000000 ABSOS:

0.000000 ABSIS:

0 .000000 EMITIS

0.850000 TRANSM

0 .800000 SC:

Identification number of zone Identification number of surface

0=V/in zone, l=betw. zones , Zsezposed to sun Identification number of the construct

Surface area (m2)

Azimuth angle of normal to surface & south

Tilt angle: flat roof=0, floor=180 (degree)

Ground reflectivity (•)

Outer surface roughness indez: Isstucco,...

Solar absorptance of outer surface (-)

Short wave absorptance of inner surface(-)

Emissivity of the inner surface (-)

Transmittance of the glass window (-)

Shading coeff. of the glass window (-)

163
UNIT 17 TYPE 50

ZONE ENVELOPE

1 INPUTS:

TEMPERATURE 26 - TIA: Zone air dry-bulb temperature

POWER 5 - QISW: Internal (short wave) radiant gain

POWER 6 - QILW: Internal (long wave) radiant gain

TEMPERATURE 8 - TIS( 1

)

Inner surface temperature

TEMPERATURE 9 - TIS(2) Inner surface t emper a t ur e TEMPERATURE 10 - TIS( 3) Inner surface temperatur e TEMPERATURE 11 - TIS(4) Inner surface temperature

TEMPERATURE 12 - TIS(5) Inner surface temperature

TEMPERATURE 13 - TIS(6) Inner surface temperature

TEMPERATURE 13 - TIS(7) Inner surface t emper a t ur e TEMPERATURE 13 - TIS(8) Inner surface temperature

TEMPERATURE 13 - TIS(9) Inner surface t emper a t ur e TEMPERATURE 13 - TIS( 10) : Inner surface temperature

OUTPUTS

TEMPERATURE 23 - TMR: Mean radiant temperature

POWER 4 - QWALL; Convective heat gain from surfaces

PARAMETERS:

2.00000 IZN Identification number of tone

6 . 00000 NS: Number of surfaces of tone

UNIT 18 TYPE 51

BUILDING SURFACE

1 INPUTS:

TEMPERATURE

TEMPERATURE

TEMPERATURE

CONTROL

2 OUTPUTS

TEMPERATURE

POWER

3 PARAMETERS:

2.00000

6.00000

1 . 00000

5 . 00000

24 . 4000

0 . 000000

90.0000

0 . 200000

0.000000

0 . 000000

0.650000

0 . 900000

0.000000

0.000000

26 - TIA: Indoor air dry-bulb tamparatur#

23 - TMR: Mean radiant teaparature

4 - TOSINF: Outer surface tamp, of unaiposad wall

B - FSHAOV: Shaded fraction of eiposed surface

13 - TIS: Inner surface temperature

0 - SOLINT: Integrated solar influi on surface

IZN: Identification number of lone

ID: Identification number of surface

lEXPOS: OsV/in tone, l>betw. tones , Zaeiposed to sun

ISTR: Identification number of the construct

AS: Surface area (m2)

ORIENT: Atimuth angle of normal to surface 6 south

TILT: Tilt angle: flat roof«0, floor-lBO (degree)

CRF : Ground reflectivity (-)

IROFS: Outer surface roughness Indea: lastucco,

ABSOS: Solar absorptance of out er> sur f ace (-)

ABSIS: Short wave absorptance of inner surface(-)

EMITIS: Emissivity of the inner surface (-)

TRANSM: Transmittance of the glass window (-)

SC: Shading coeff. of the glass window (-)

164
UNIT 19 TYPE

BUILDING SURFACE

SI

1 INPUTS:

TEMPERATURE

TEMPERATURE

TEMPERATURE

CONTROL

26 - TIA:

23 - TMR:

12 - TOSINF:

8 - FSHADW:

Indoor air dry-bulb temperature

Mean radiant temperature

Outer surface temp, of unezposed wall

Shaded fraction of ezposed surface

OUTPUTS:

TEMPERATURE

POWER

12 - TIS:

0 - SOLINT:

Inner surface temperature

Integrated solar influz on surface

3 PARAMETERS:

2.00000 IZN: Identification number of zone

5 .00000 ID: Identification number of surface

2.00000 lEXPOS: 0=V/in zone, l=betw. zones , 2sezposed to sun

3 . 00000 ISTR: Identification number of the construct

24 . 4000 AS: Surface area (m2)

270 . 000 ORIENT: Azimuth angle of normal to surface & south

90 . 0000 TILT: Tilt angle: flat roofsO, floorslSO (degree)

0 . 200000 GRF : Ground reflectivity (-)

S . 00000 IROFS: Outer surface roughness indez: l=stucco,...

0 .400000 ABSOS: Solar absorptance of outer surface (-)

0.650000 ABSIS: Short wave absorptance of inner surface(-)

0 . 900000 EMITIS: Emissivity of the inner surface (-)

0.000000 TRANSM: TransmitWnce of the glass window (-)

0 . 000000 SC: Shading coeff. of the glass window (-)

UNIT 20 TYPE 51

BUILDING SURFACE

1

2

3

INPUTS:

TEMPERATURE

TEMPERATURE

TEMPERATURE

CONTROL

26 - TIA:

23 - TMR:

19 - TOSINF:

8 - FSHADW:

Indoor air dry-bulb temperature

Mean radiant temperature

Outer surface temp, of unezposed wall

Shaded fraction of ezposed surface

OUTPUTS

TEMPERATURE

POWER

11 - TIS:

0 - SOLINT:

Inner surface temperature

Integrated solar influz on surface

PARAMETERS:

2.00000 IZN:

4 .00000 ID:

1 . 00000 lEXPOS

5 .00000 ISTR:

24 .4000 AS:

180.000 ORIENT

90 . 0000 TILT:

0 . 000000 GRF:

0 .000000 IROFS:

0 . 000000 ABSOS:

0.650000 ABSIS:

0 . 900000 EMITIS

0.000000 TRANSM

0 .000000 SC :

Identification number of zone Identification number of surface

OsV/in zone, Isbetw. zones , 2=eiposed to sun Identification number of the construct

Surface area (m2)

Azimuth angle of normal to surface S south

Tilt angle: flat roof=0, floorsieO (degree)

Ground reflectivity (-)

Outer surface roughness indei: 1 ss t ucco , . . . Solar absorptance of out er . sur f ace (-)

Short wave absorptance of inner surface(-)

Emissivity of the inner surface (-)

Transmittance of the glass window (-)

Shading coeff. of the glass window (-)

/ 165
UNIT 21 TYPE 51

BUILDING SURFACE

INPUTS:

TEMPERATURE 26 - TEMPERATURE 23 - TEMPERATURE 10 - CONTROL e -

OUTPUTS:

TEMPERATURE 10 - POWER 0 -

PARAMETERS:

2.00000 IZN:

3 .00000 ID: 2.00000 lEXPOS

3 .00000 ISTR;

24 . 400JD AS:

90 . 0000 ORIENT

90 .0000 TILT;

0 . 200000 GRF:

5 . 00000 IROFS;

0.400-000 ABSOS:

0.650000 ABSIS;

0 . 900000 EMITIS

0.000000 TRANSM

0 . 000000 SC;

TIA; Indoor air dry-bulb temperature

TMR; Mean radiant temperature

TOSINF: Outer surface temp, of uneipoied wall

FSHADV; Shaded fraction of espoted lurface

TIS: Inner surface temperature

SOLINT; Integrated solar influi on surface

Identification number of tone

Identification number of surface

0=V/in sone, Isbetw. tones , Zaeiposed to sun Identification number of the construct

Surface area (m2)

Azimuth angle of normal to surface & south

Tilt angle; flat roofsO, floorxlSO (degree)

Ground reflectivity (-)

Outer surface roughness index; Ixstucco,...

Solar absorptance of outer surface (-)

Short wave absorptance of inner surface(-)

Emissivity of the inner surface (-)

Transmittance of the glass window (-)

Shading coeff. of the glass window (-)

UNIT 22 TYPE 51

BUILDING SURFACE

1

2

3

INPUTS:

TEMPERATURE

TEMPERATURE

TEMPERATURE

CONTROL

26 - TIA:

23 - TMR:

21 - TOSINF:

8 - FSHADW:

Indoor air dry-bulb temperature

Mean radiant temperature

Outer surface temp, of uneiposed wall

Shaded fraction of eiposed surface

OUTPUTS

TEMPERATURE

POWER

9 - TIS:

0 - SOLINT:

Inner surface temperature

Integrated solar influi on surface

PARAMETERS;

2.00000 IZN:

2.00000 ID;

1 . 00000 lEXPOS

2 . 00000 ISTR:

37 .2100 AS:

0 .000000 ORIENT

180.000 TILT:

0 . 000000 GRF:

0 . 000000 IROFS:

0 . 000000 ABSOS:

0.650000 ABSIS:

0 . 900000 EMITIS

0 . 000000 TRANSM

0 . 000000 SC:

Identification number of tone

Identification number of surface

OsV/in sone, l«betw. tones , 2>eipostd to sun Identification number of the construct

Surface area (m2)

Azimuth angle of normal to surface I south

Tilt angle: flat roof-O, flooralSO (degree)

Ground reflectivity (-)

Outer surface roughness indei; Ixstucco,

Solar absorptance of out er • sur f ace (-)

Short wave absorptance of inner surftce(-)

Emissivity of the inner surface (-)

Transmittance of the glass window (-)

Shading coeff. of the glass window (-)

166
UNIT 23 TYPE

BUILDING SURFACE

51

I

2

3

INPUTS:

TEMPERATURE 26 - TEMPERATURE 23 - TEMPERATURE B - CONTROL 8 -

OUTPUTS:

TEMPERATURE 8 - POWER 0 -

PARAMETERS:

2 . 00000 IZN:

1 .00000 ID: 2.00000 lEXPOS

1 .00000 ISTR:

37.2100 AS:

0 .000000 ORIENT

0.000000 TILT:

0 . 200000 GRF :

1 . 00000 IROFS:

0 . 600000 ABSOS:

0.650000 ABSIS:

0 . 900000 EMITIS

0.000000 TRANSM

0 .000000 SC:

TIA: Indoor air dry-bulb temperature

TMR ; Mean radiant temperature

TOSINF: Outer surface temp, of unezposed wall

FSHADV: Shaded fraction of exposed surface

TIS: Inner surface temperature

SOLINT: Integrated solar influx on surface

Identification number of zone Identification number of surface

0=V/in zone, l=betw. zones , 2=exposed to sun Identification number of the construct

Surface area (m2)

Azimuth angle of normal to surface & south

Tilt angle: flat roof=0, floor=180 (degree)

Ground reflectivity (-)

Outer surface roughness index: Isstucco,...

Solar absorptance of outer surface (-)

Short wave absorptance of inner surface(-)

Emissivity of the inner surface (-)

Transmittance of the glass window (-)

Shading coeff. of the glass window (-)

UNIT 31 TYPE 53

WEATHER INPUT

1

INPUTS:

TEMPERATURE 32 - TAMB:

ABS. HUMIDITY 7 - HUMRAT

PRESSURE 11 - PBAR:

POWER 11 - IDN:

POWER 12 - ISKY:

POWER 13 - IHOR:

Ambient (outdoor) air temperature (C)

Outdoor air humidity ratio (-)

Barometric pressure (kPa)

Direct normal solar radiation (V/m2)

Diffuse (sky) solar radiation (V/m2)

Total horizontal solar radiation (V/m2)

2

OUTPUTS:

3

PARAMETERS:

32.0000 Index for ambient temperature (e.g. 5 if TAMB=T5)

7.00000 Index for outdoor air humidity ratio

11.0000 Index for barometric pressure

11.0000 Index for direct normal solar radiation

12.0000 Index for diffuse (sky) solar radiation

13.0000 Index for total horizontal solar radiation

UNIT 24 TYPE 52

ZONE MODEL

1 INPUTS.

PRESSURE 3 - PIAG: Cage pressure of zone air

TEMPERATURE 27 - TIA: Zone air dry- bn 1 b temperatur e ABS. HUMIDITY 3 - WIA: Humi d i y ratio 0 f zone air

167
2

3

PRESSURE 6 - PSAG: Gage pressure of supply air

FLOW 3 - MSA: Mass flow rate of supply air

TEMPERATURE 30 - TSA; Supply air dry-bulb temperature

ABS. HUMIDITY 6 - WSA: Humidity ratio of supply air

POWER 7 - QWALL: Convective heat gain from surfaces

CONTROL 9 - NUMPEP : Number of people (occupant in the tone)

CONTROL 10 - UTCEQP: Equipment utilitation coefficient

CONTROL 11 - UTCLIT; Lighting utilitation coefficient

OUTPUTS : TEMPERATURE 27 - TIA: Zone air dry-bulb temp. Cdiff. eq.I

ABS. HUMIDITY 3 - WIA: Humidity ratio of tone air Cdiff. eq.]

POWER 6 - QISW: Internal (short wave) radiant gain

POWER 9 - QILW: Internal (long wave) radiant gain

PARAMETERS:

3 . 00000 IZN;

400 . 000 CFUR:

5.00000 EFFMIA

1 46 .640 VOLUME

1 . 00000 SAIREX

0 . 717600E-01 WPEPS;

0. 455000E-01 WPEPL:

0 . 200000 WLIT:

2 . 00000 LIGHT:

0 .150000 WEQPS:

0. ZOOOOOE-01 WEQPL:

0 . 300000 REQP;

Identification number of tone

Effective capacitance of furnishinge (kJ/K)

Multiplier for tone moisture capac i t ance ( -

)

Volume of tone air (interior space ) (m3)

Standard air eichange rate (1/h)

Sensible heat gain from a person (kV)

Latent heat gain from a person (kV)

Heat gain due to lighting in the tone (kV)

1 s Fluorescent, 2 = Incandescent (->

Sensible heat gain due to equipment (kV)

Latent heat gain due to equipment (kV)

Radiative to sensible heat from equipment(-)

UNIT 25 TYPE 52

ZONE MODEL

1

2

3

INPUTS;

PRESSURE 1 - PIAG: Cage pressure of tone air

TEMPERATURE 25 - TIA: Zone air dry-bulb temperature

ABS. HUMIDITY 1 - WIA: Humidiy ratio of tone air

PRESSURE 4 - PSAG: Cage pressure of supply air

FLOW 1 - MSA: Mass flow rate of supply air

TEMPERATURE 26 - TSA; Supply air dry-bulb temperature

ABS. HUMIDITY 4 - WSA: Humidity ratio of supply air

POWER 1 - QWALL: Convective heat gain from surfaces

CONTROL 1 - NUMPEP: Number of people (occupant in the tone)

CONTROL 2 - UTCEQP: Equipment utilitation coefficient

CONTROL 3 - UTCLIT; Lighting utilitation coefficient

OUTPUTS

TEMPERATURE 25 - TIA: Zone air dry-bulb temp. Cdiff. eq I ABS. HUMIDITY 1 - WIA: Humidity ratio of tone air Cdiff eq I POWER 2 - QISW: Internal (short wave) radiant gain

POWER 3 - QILW; Internal (long wave) radiant gain

PARAMETERS:

1 . 00000 IZN;

400 .000 CFUR:

5. 00000 EFFMIA

1 46 . 640 VOLUME

1 . 00000 SAIREX

0.717600E-01 VPEPS:

0.454000E-01 VPEPL:

Identification number of tone

Effective capacitance of furnishings (kJ/K)

Multiplier for tone moisture capac 1 1 ance (-

)

Volume of tone air (interior space ) (b 3)

Standard air eichange rate (1/h)

Sensible heat gain from a person (kV)

Latent heat gain from a person (kV)

160
0.200000 VLIT:

2.00000 LIGHT

O.ISOOOO VEQPS

0.200000E-01 VEQPL

0.300000 REQP;

Heat gain due to lighting in the zone (kV)

1 = Fluorescent, 2 = Incandescent (-)

Sensible heat gain due to equipment (kV)

Latent heat gain due to equipment (kV)

Radiative to sensible heat from equipment(-)

UNIT 26 TYPE 52

ZONE MODEL

1

2

3

INPUTS:

PRESSURE 2 - PIAG: Gage pressure of zone air

TEMPERATURE 26 - TIA: Zone air dry-bulb temperature

ABS. HUMIDITY 2 - VIA: Humidiy ratio of zone air

PRESSURE 5 - PSAG : Gage pressure of supply air

FLOV 2 - MSA: Mass flow rate of supply air

TEMPERATURE 29 - TSA: Supply air dry-bulb temperature

ABS. HUMIDITY 5 - VSA : Humidity ratio of supply air

POVER 4 - QVALL

Convective heat gain from surfaces

CONTROL 5 - NUMPEP: Number of people (occupant in the zone)

CONTROL 6 - UTCEQP: Equipment utilization coefficient

CONTROL 7 - UTCLIT: Lighting utilization coefficient

OUTPUTS

TEMPERATURE 26 - TIA: Zone air dry-bulb temp. Cdiff. eq.l

ABS. HUMIDITY 2 - VIA: Humidity ratio of zone air Cdiff. eq.l

POVER 5 - QISV: Internal (short wave) radiant gain

POVER 6 - QILV: Internal (long wave) radiant gain

PARAMETERS:

2.00000 IZN:

400.000 CFUR:

5. 00000 EFFMIA

148.840 VOLUME

1.00000 SAIREX

0.717600E-01 WPEPS:

0. 454000E-01 VPEPL:

0.200000 VLIT:

2.00000 LIGHT:

0.150000 VEQPS:

0.200000E-01 VEQPL:

0.300000 REQP.

Identification number of zone Effective capacitance of furnishings (kJ/K)

Multiplier for zone moisture capac i t ance ( -

)

Volume of zone air (interior space ) (m3)

Standard air ezchange rate (1/h)

Sensible heat gain from a person (kV)

Latent heat gain from a person (kV)

Heat gain due to lighting in the zone (kV)

1 = Fluorescent, 2 s Incandescent (-)

Sensible heat gain due to equipment (kV)

Latent heat gain due to equipment (kV>

Radiative to sensible heat from equipment(-)

UNIT 27 TYPE 3 INLET CONDUIT (DUCT OR PIPE)

1

.2

INPUTS:

PRESSURE 7 - PRESSURE 8 - TEMPERATURE 31 - TEMPERATURE 32 - TEMPERATURE 33 -

OUTPUTS:

TEMPERATURE 33 - FLOV 3 -

INLET FLUID PRESSURE

OUTLET FLUID PRESSURE

INLET FLUID TEMPERATURE

AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE

OUTLET FLUID TEMPERATURE

OUTLET FLUID TEMPERATURE

FLUID MASS FLOV RATE

(SAME AS FIRST OUTPUT)

(SAME AS FIFTH INPUT)

3

' PARAMETERS:

0.000000 INSIDE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT I AREA (KV/C)

169
0 .000000

0 . 000000

0 . 000000

0. 1 25000

0 . 000000

1 . 00000

OUTSIDE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT X AREA (KW/C)

THERMAL CAPACITANCE OF CONDUIT MATERIAL (KJ/C)

VOLUME <M3)

FLOW RESISTANCE [0.001/(KG M)]

HEIGHT OF OUTLET ABOVE INLET (M)

MODE: 2=WATER, UAIR, NEG . =DETA I LED , POS.»SIMPLE DYNAMI

UNIT 28 TYPE 1 FAN OR PUMP

1 INPUTS:

FLOW 3 PRESSURE 9 RVPS 1 TEMPERATURE 33

2 OUTPUTS

PRESSURE e TEMPERATURE 30

POWER 10

- MASS FLOW RATE OF FLUID

- OUTLET PRESSURE

- FAN OR PUMP ROTATIONAL SPEED

- INLET FLUID TEMPERATURE

- INLET PRESSURE

- OUTLET FLUID TEMPERATURE

- POWER CONSUMPTION

3 PARAMETERS:

3 .64000

0 .80 1000

-0 . 190000

444000E

000000

000000

564000

-0 . 862000E

0 .000000

0.000000

0.336500

1 .00000

1ST PRESSURE COEFFIC

2ND PRESSURE COEFFIC

3RD PRESSURE COEFFIC

-02 4TH PRESSURE COEFFIC

5TH PRESSURE COEFFIC

1ST EFFICIENCY COEFF

2ND EFFICIENCY COEFF

-01 3RD EFFICIENCY COEFF

4TH EFFICIENCY COEFF

5TH EFFICIENCY COEFF

DIAMETER (M)

MODE: AIRbI, WATER=2

I ENT

I ENT

I ENT

I ENT

I ENT

ICIENT

I C I ENT

ICIENT

ICIENT

ICIENT

UNIT 29 TYPE 2 CONDUIT (DUCT OR PIPE)

1 INPUTS:

FLOW 3 PRESSURE 6 TEMPERATURE 30

TEMPERATURE 32

TEMPERATURE 30

FLUID MASS FLOW RATE

OUTLET PRESSURE

FLUID INLET TEMPERATURE

AMBIENT TEMPERATURE

OUTLET FLUID TEMPERATURE (SAME AS FIRST OUTPUT)

2 OUTPUTS

TEMPERATURE

PRESSURE

OUTLET FLUID TEMPERATURE (SAME AS FIFTH INPUT)

INLET PRESSURE

3 PARAMETERS:

0.000000 INSIDE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT I AREA (KW/C)

0.000000 OUTSIDE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT I AREA (KW/C)

0.000000 THERMAL CAPACITANCE OF CONDUIT MATERIAL (KJ/C)

0.000000 VOLUME (M3)

0.125000 FLOW RESISTANCE [ 0 . 00 1 / (KG M)

0.000000 HEIGHT OF OUTLET ABOVE INLET (M)

1.00000 MODE; 2-WATER, 1-AIR, NEG . -DETA I LED , P08. -SIMPLE DYNAMI

170
UNIT 30 TYPE 2 CONDUIT (DUCT OR PIPE)

1 INPUTS:

FLOW 3 PRESSURE 10

TEMPERATURE 27

TEMPERATURE 32

TEMPERATURE 27

FLUID MASS FLOW RATE

OUTLET PRESSURE

FLUID INLET TEMPERATURE

AMBIENT TEMPERATURE

OUTLET FLUID TEMPERATURE (SAME AS FIRST OUTPUT)

2 OUTPUTS:

TEMPERATURE 0 - OUTLET FLUID TEMPERATURE (SAME AS FIFTH INPUT)

PRESSURE 3 - INLET PRESSURE

PARAMETERS;

0.000000 INSIDE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT X AREA (KV/C)

0.000000 OUTSIDE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT X AREA (KV/C)

0.000000 THERMAL CAPACITANCE OF CONDUIT MATERIAL (KJ/C)

0.000000 VOLUME (M3)

0.125000 FLOV RESISTANCE 1 0 . 00 1 / (KG M)

0.000000 HEIGHT OF OUTLET ABOVE INLET (M)

1 . 00000 MODE: 2=VATER, UAIR

Initial Vari able Valu es :

PRESSURE 1 -) 0 .00000 (kPa)

PRESSURE 2 -> 0 . 0 00000 (k^)

PRESSURE 3 -> 0.3 00000 (kPa)

PRESSURE 4 -> 0 . 0 00000 (kPa)

PRESSURE 5 -) 0.000000 (kPa)

PRESSURE 6 -> 0.5 00000 (kPa)

PRESSURE 7 -> 0 .00000 (kPa)

PRESSURE 8 -> -0 .00000 (kPa)

PRESSURE 9 -) 1 . 00000 (kPa)

PRESSURE 10 -> -0 . 500000 (kPa)

PRESSURE 11 -> 0 .00000 (kPa)

FLOW 1 -> 0.0 00000 (kg/s)

FLOW 2 -> 0 . 0 00000 (kg/s ) FLOW 3 -> 2 . 49683 (kg/s)

TEMPERATURE 1 20 .0000 (C)

TEMPERATURE 2 -> 20 .0000 (C)

TEMPERATURE 3 -> 20 . 0000 (C)

TEMPERATURE 4 -> 20 . 0000 (C)

TEMPERATURE 5 -> 20 . 0000 (C)

TEMPERATURE 6 -> 20 .0000 (C)

TEMPERATURE 7 -> 20 . 0000 (C)

TEMPERATURE 8 -> 20 . 0000 (C)

TEMPERATURE 9 -> 20 .0000 (C)

TEMPERATURE 10 -> 20 .0000 (C)

TEMPERATURE 11 -> 20 . 0000 (C)

TEMPERATURE 12 -> 20 . 0000 (C)

TEMPERATURE 13 -> 20 . 0000 (C)

TEMPERATURE 14 -> 20 . 0000 (C)

TEMPERATURE IS -) 20 . 0000 (C)

TEMPERATURE 16 -) 20 . 0000 (C)

TEMPERATURE 17 -> 20 . 0000 (C)

TEMPERATURE 18 -> 20 .0000 (C)

TEMPERATURE 19 -> 20 . 0000 (C)

TEMPERATURE 20 -> 20 .0000 (C)

171
TEMPERATURE 21 -> 15 . 0000 (C)

TEMPERATURE 22 -> 20 . 0000 (C)

TEMPERATURE 23 -> 20 . 0000 (C)

TEMPERATURE 24 -> 20 .0000 (C)

TEMPERATURE 25 -> 20 . 0000 (C)

TEMPERATURE 2i -> 20 .0000 (C)

TEMPERATURE 27 -> 20 . 0000 (C)

TEMPERATURE 28 -> 20 . 0000 (C)

TEMPERATURE 29 -> 20 . 0000 (C)

TEMPERATURE 30 -> 20 . 0000 (C)

TEMPERATURE 31 -> 20 . 0000 (C)

TEMPERATURE 32 -> 20 .0000 (C)

TEMPERATURE 33 -> 20 . 0000 (C)

CONTROL 1 -> 1 .00000 (-)

CONTROL 2 -> 1 . 00000 (-

)

CONTROL 3 -> 1 . 00000 (-)

CONTROL 4 -> 0 . 000000 (-

)

CONTROL 5 -> 1 . 00000 (-)

CONTROL 6 -> 1.00000 (-)

CONTROL -7 -> 1 . 00000 (-)

CONTROL 8 -> 0 .000000 (-)

CONTROL 9 -> 1 . 00000 (-)

CONTROL 10 -> 1.00000 (-)

CONTROL 11 -> 1 . 00000 (-)

CONTROL 12 -> 0 . 000000 (-

)

RVPS 1 -> 60 . 0000 ( r ev / 5 ) POWER 1 -> 0 .000000 (kW)

POWER 2 -> 0 . 000000 (kW)

POWER 3 -> 0.000000 (kW)

POWER 4 -> 0 . 000000 (kW)

POWER 5 -> 0.000000 (kW)

POWER 6 -> 0.000000 (kW)

POWER 7 -> 0 .000000 (kW)

POWER 8 -> 0 . 000000 (kW)

POWER 9 -> 0.000000 (kW)

POWER 10 -> 0.000000 (kW)

POWER 11 -> 0.000000 (kW)

POWER 12 -> 0 . 000000 (kW)

POWER 13 -> 0.000000 (kW)

ABS. HUMIDITY 1 -> 0.740000E- 03(kg(water)/kg(air)>

ABS. HUMIDITY 2 -> 0 . 740000E- 03(kg( water) /kg(air)

)

ABS. HUMIDITY 3 -> 0 . 740000E- 03(kg(water)/kg(air)>

ABS. HUMIDITY 4 -> 0 . 740000E- 03(kg(water)/kg(air)

)

ABS. HUMIDITY 5 -> 0.740000E- 03<kg(water)/kg(air)

)

ABS. HUMIDITY 6 -> 0 . 740000E- 03(kg(water)/kg(air)

)

ABS. HUMIDITY 7 -> 0 .000000 (kg(water)/kg(air)>

Siaulation Error Tolerances:

1 RTOLX>

XTOL =

0 . 500000E-02

0.500000E-03

ATOLXTTIMESCAN OPTION 0

SCAN OPTION 0

0 . lOOOOOE-OS

10.0000

SUPERBLOCK 1 2 FREEZE OPTION 0

SUPERBLOCK 2

3 FREEZE OPTION 0

The following are Boundary Variables in the siaulation:

172
TEMPERATURE 31

The following ire the reported virii

SUPERBLOCK 1 REPORTING INTERVAL

TEMPERATURE 1 TEMPERATURE 2 TEMPERATURE 3 TEMPERATURE 4 TEMPERATURE 5 TEMPERATURE 6 TEMPERATURE 7 TEMPERATURE 8 TEMPERATURE 14

TEMPERATURE 32

POWER 1 POWER 4 POWER 7 POWER 11 POWER 12

POWER 13

SUPERBLOCK 2 REPORTING INTERVAL

TEMPERATURE 25

TEMPERATURE 26

TEMPERATURE 27

TEMPERATURE 30

TEMPERATURE 31

ABS. HUMIDITY 1 ABS. HUMIDITY 2 ABS. HUMIDITY 3

Selection ? END

STOP

173
(2) Creation of Model Definition File

* Esecution of SLIMCON

Simulation Work File to Model Definition File Converter

Version 2.1 (November 13, 1984)

Enter the simulation filename (Up to 8 characters) or carriage return

THRIZONE

2 superblocks in the simulation MAXIMUM a 10

8 blocks in the simulation MAXIMUM = 50

6 differential equations in the simulation MAXIMUM = SO

1173 saved variables in the simulation MAXIMUM =6000

31 units in the simulation MAXIMUM = 200

8 units in a single block MAXIMUM = 20

2 differential equations in one unit MAXIMUM = 10 13 inputs or outputs in a single unit MAXIMUM = 20

14 parameters in a single unit MAXIMUM = 30

4 blocks in the largest superblock MAXIMUM = 10

6 differential equations in one superblock MAXIMUM = 20

80 state variables in the simulation MAXIMUM = 600

14 inputs or outputs in a single block ... MAXIMUM = SO

361 unit parameters in the simulation MAXIMUM =1000

8 simultaneous equations in a single block MAXIMUM = 30

1 simultaneous equations in one superblock MAXIMUM = 20

1 time dependent boundary variables MAXIMUM « 30

1 boundary conditions in one superblock . MAXIMUM = 20

16 reported variables in one superblock ... MAXIMUM = 30

0 end .

20 . 0 %)

16.0%)

12 . 0 %)

19 6%)

15 S%)

40 . 0%)

20 . 0 %)

65 . 0%)

46 . 7%)

40 0%)

30 0%)

13 3%)

2 8 0 %)

36 1%)

26 . 7%)

5 0%)

3 3%)

5 0%)

5 3 3%)

174
( 3 ) Creation of Boundar y Variable File

* File: BOUNDARY.DAT

0 20 . 0 31800 20 . 0 32000 20 . 0 32200 20 . 0 32400 20 . 0 32400 15.0

32600 15.0

32800 15.0

33000 15.0

60600 15.0

60800 15.0

6 1000 15.0

61200 15.0

6 1200 20 . 0 61400 20 . 0 61600 20 . 0 61800 20 . 0 118200 20 . 0 118400 20 . 0 118600 20.0

118800 20 . 0 118800 15.0

119000 15.0

119200 15.0

119400 15.0

147000 15.0

147200 15.0

147400 15.0

147600 15.0

147600 20.0

147800 20.0

148000 20 . 0 148200 20 . 0 204600 20.0

204800 20 . 0 205000 20 . 0 205200 20 . 0 205200 15.0

205400 15.0

205600 15.0

205800 15.0

233400 15.0

233600 15.0

233800 15.0

234000 15.0

234000 20 . 0 234200 20 . 0 234400 20.0

234600 20.0

175
(4) Creation of Conduction Transfer Function File

* Composition of constructs

CONSTRUCT #1 (Ceiling)

(Outside)

Layer 1 Slag, 1/2-in. (44)

2 Felt, 3/8-in. (45)

3 Concrete, 4-in. (36)

4 Insulat ion, 4-in

( 20 )

5 Ceiling air space ( 46 )

6 Acoustic tile ( 47 )

(Inside)

CONSTRUCT #2 (Floor)

(Outside)

Layer 1 Concrete , 1 .w. , 4-in

(36)

2 Vinyle tile, 3.32-in. (48)

(Inside)

[mater i a 1 I . D . D in THERM.DAT file]

CONSTRUCT «3 (Interior Vails)

Same as Example 1

CONSTRUCT «4 (Exposed Wall)

Same as Example 1

CONSTRUCT «5 (Exposed Glass Window)

Same as Example 1

176
* Enecution of CTFGEN

Enter your choice;

tt*************************************************

A => Add thermal property data to the construction

materials database (THERM.DAT)

B => Print the contents of the data file THERM.DAT

to Logical Unit i C => Create a CTF data file

D => Change time interval in an existing CTF data file

E => END

C Enter the name of the CTF Definition File,

or carriage return for default name; CTF1NFUT.DAT

Enter the name of the CTF Output File,

or carriage return for default name; CTFDATA.DAT

What kind of output do you want?

0 s=> for a very simple output,

1 ==> for a less simple output,

2 ==> for detailed output or

3 s=> for root search

1 Vhat is the time interval for CTF calculation in s ? 900

THIS CONSTRUCT ID NUMBER (ISTR) IS 1 How many layers in this construct? (max. s 10 ) 6 Enter the layer ID numbers with most outer layer first

44,45,36,20, 46 ,47

LAYER L K CP D R RC

Slag or St 0.013 1 .436 0 . 465 881.000 0.009 6 .783

Felt & mem 0.010 0 .190 0 . 465 1121.000 0.050 15.735

Concrete , 0.102 0.173 0 .233 640.000 0.586 94.328

Insulat ion 0.102 0 .043 0 .233 91.000 2.346 71.344

Ceiling ai 0.000 0 .000 0 .000 0.000 0.176 0.000

Acous t it 0.016 0.061 0 .233 480.000 0.315 21.529

SUMRC = 209.71966 CND = 0.29023 TINC = 900.00

NUMBER OF RESPONSE FACTORS = 6; ORDER = 3

N 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5

0 1 4 . 557249 14.557249 14.557249 14.557249 14.557249 1 4 . 557249

1 -1 1 .701724 -23 .404494 -28.110588 -30.256600 -30.524282 -30 .636 33 8

2 -0 . 807326 8 . 599849 16.166097 20.310126 20.866491 21 . 101454

3 -0.404115 0 .244905 -2.535270 -4.918456 -5.291923 -5.452545

4 -0.279811 0.045063 -0.034110 0.339636 0.430078 0 . 470813

5 -0 .2 14535 0 .010408 -0.004160 0.000869 -0 .005377 -0.008687

6 -0.169705 0 . 002763 -0.000602 0.000012 0 . 000000 0 . 000000

177
0 0 .000001 0 .000001 0 .000001 0 .000001 0 .00000 1 0.000001

1 0 . 001435 0 . 001434 0 . 001433 0 . 001433 0 . 001433 0 . 001433

2 0.015018 0 .0 1 3864 0 .013401 0.013190 0.013163 0.013152

3 0 . 033322 0 . 021249 0 .016767 0 . 014791 0 .014549 0 . 0 1 4447

4 0.039358 0 .012570 0 .005701 0 .003229 0 .002957 0.002645

5 0 . 036730 0 . 005089 0 . 001025 0 . 000185 0 . 000126 0 . 000103

6 0 .031329 0.001801 0 .000156 0 . 000005 0 .000000 0 .000000

0 2 . 4562 1 6 2 . 456216 2 . 456216 2 . 456216 2 . 456216 2 . 45 62 1 6

1 -1 .908972 -3.883557 -4.677607 5 .039699 -5 .084865 -5.103772

2 -0 .143329 1 . 391319 2 .646803 3 . 336370 3 . 429041 3 .468 1 82

3 -0 .047651 0 .067573 -0.382215 0 .772404 -0 .833754 -0.860149

4 -0 . 020781 0 .017526 -0 . 004319 0 . 052027 0 . 066230 0 .07 2 6 4 8

5 -0.011357 0 .005349 -0 .0003 17 0 .000320 -0 .000637 -0001147

6 -0 . 007443 0 . 001688 -0 . 000042 0 .000005 0 . 000000 0 . 000000

3 1 . 274614 -0 .426060 0.038313 0 .000000 0 . 000000

ISTR. 1 NCTF: 6 NORD; 3 UVAL : 0 .290227

CTFX : 14.5573, -30 2568, 20.3102, -4.91848, 0 . 339638 , 8 . 68591E- 04,

1 . 171E - 05

CTFY ; 1 . 18807E-06

1 . 43323E-03 , 1 . 31896E-02 , 1 . 47913E- 02, 3.22913E-03,

1.8491E-04. 5.01Z3E-06

CTFZ: 2.45622, -5.03971, 3.33638, -0.772406, 5.2027E-02, 3.19892E-04,

4 . 97476E-06

CTFQ; 1.27461, -0.42606, 3.83128E-02

Do you want to continue? <N>

YTHIS CONSTRUCT ID NUMBER (ISTR) IS 2 How many layers in this construct? (mas. & 10 ) 2 Enter the layer ID numbers with most outer layer first

36,48

LAYER L K CP D R RC

Concrete , 0.102 0.173 0.233 640 .000 0.586 94.328

Viny 1

til 0.002 0 .270 1 . 004 1552 .000 0.000 4 80S

SUMRC = 99.13220 CND = 1 .681 55 TINC = 900 .00

NUMBER OF RESPONSE FACTORS = 3; ORDER r 2

N 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5

0 6 .04 1 242 6 . 04 1 242 6 .04 1 242 6 . 04 1 2 42 6.041242 6 041242

1 -3 .530460 -5.812812 -5 .936175 -5 . 9 3 7 1 36 -5 . 9 37 1 3 7 -5 937137

2 -0 . 5221 49 0.811642 0 . 930340 0 . 931285 0931286 0 931286

3 -0 .191197 0 . 006068 -0 .010506 0 .000000 0 .000000 0 000000

0 0 . 1 22326 0 . 122326 0 . 122326 0.122326 0 . 1 2 2 3 2 6 0 122326

1 0 .755747 0 . 709533 0 .707035 0 . 707016 0 . 7 0 70 1 6 0 707016

2 0 . 493480 0 . 207962 0 . 193473 0.193361 0 . 1 9 3 3 6 0 0 193360

3 0 . 1 92747 0 .0063 1 3 0 .002066 0.000000 0000000 0 000000

0 9 .21 8291 9 .218291 9.218291 9.218291 9218291 9 218291

1 -6 .686454 -10.169080 -10 .357318 -10.358785 -10 358787 -10 358787

2 -0 .535869 1 .99024 1 2 . 1 97894 2.199543 2 199544 2 199544

3 -0 .1 95773 0.006676 -0 .033965 0.000000 0000000 0 000000

170
2 0.398215 -0.007715 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

ISTR; 2 NCTF; 3 NORD ; 2 UVAL; 1.68155

CTFX: 6.04124, -5.93617, 0.93034, -1.05061E-02

CTFY: 0.122326, 0.707036, 0.193473, 2.06644E-03

CTFZ: 9.21829, -10.3573, 2.19789, -3.39653E-02

CTFQ; 0.398215, -7.71461E-03

Do you want to continue? <N>

YTHIS CONSTRUCT ID NUMBER (ISTR) IS 3 How many layers in this construct? (maK . = 10 )

Enter the

43,8,43

layer ID numbers with most outer layer first

LAYER L K CP D R RC

Plaster/ gy 0.019 0 . 727 0 .233 1 60 1 .000 0 .026 13.610

Air Space 0 .000 0 . 000 0 . 000 0 . 000 0.160 0 . 000

Plaster/gy 0.019 0 .727 0 .233 1 60 1 .000 0.026 13.610

SUMRC = 27 . 220 12 CND = 4.71099 TINC = 900 . 00

NUMBER OF RESPONSE FACTORS = 1 ; ORDER = 1

N 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5

0 11.696103 11 .696103 1 1 .6961 03 0 .000000 0 .000000 0 .0 00 000

1 -6 . 985093 -6 . 985166 0 .000000 0 . 000000 0 .000000 0 . 000000

0 3 .820999 3 . 820999 3 . 820999 0 .000000 0 .000000 0 . 000000

1 0 . 889971 0 .889947 0 .000000 0 . 000000 0 .000000 0 . 000000

0 11 .696103 11.696103 11.696103 0 .000000 0 .000000 0.000000

1 -6 .985093 -6 .985166 0 .000000 0 . 000000 0 . 000000 0 .000000

1 0 .000006 0 . 000000 0 .000000 0 .000000 0 .0 00 0 0 0 ISTR 3 NCTF 1 NORD: 1 UVAL 4 . 71099

CTFX 1

.6962, -6 .985 2 CTFY 3 . 82101, 0. 88995

CTFZ 1

.6962, -6 .985 2 CTFQ 6 . 21576E-06

Do you want to continue? <N>

THIS CONSTRUCT ID NUMBER (ISTR) IS 4 How many layers in this construct? (max. = 10 )

Enter the

2,10,8,43

layer ID numbers with most outer layer first

LAYER L K CP D R RC

Facebr i ck 0.102 1 .298 0.256 2082.000 0.078 65.105

Insua t ion 0.051 0 . 043 0.233 32 . 000 1.176 21.154

Ai r Space 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.160 0.000

Plaster/gy 0.019 0.727 0 .233 1 60 1 . 000 0.026 13.610

SUMRC = 99.86891 CND = 0.69166 TINC = 900.00

179
NUMBER OF RESPONSE FACTORS = 3; ORDER = 2

N 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5

0 31 .239817 31 . 239817 31 .2398 1 7 31 .239817 31 .2398 1 7 3 1 . 2398 1 7

1 -19.358236 -37.473015 -37.755497 - 37.755942 -37 .7560 1 0 -37.756012

2 -4 . 728849 6 . 496254 6 . 835099 6 .835637 6 . 835720 6 . 835722

3 -2 .714793 0 .027286 -0 .03 1 456 0 .000000 0 .000000 0 . 000000

0 0 . 030345 0 . 030345 0 .030345 0 . 030345 0 . 030345 0 . 030345

1 0 .216958 0 . 1 99362 0 .1 99088 0 . 199087 0 . 1 99087 0 . 1 9908 7 2 0 .185634 0 . 059828 0.058025 0 . 058023 0 . 058022 0 . 05 802 2 3 0 .108688 0 .001046 0 .000505 0 . 000000 0.000000 0 . 000000

0 8 . 554926 8 . 554926 8 . 554926 8 . 554926 8 . 554926 8554926

1 -7 .845255 -12.805930 -12.883287 - 12.883409 -12 . 883428 - 1 2 . 883 42 8

2 -0 . 007653 4.541511 4 . 657307 4 . 657491 4 .6575 1 9 4 . 657520

3 -0 .004354 0 .000083 -0 .040983 0 .000000 0 .000000 0 . 000000

2 0 .588904 -0 . 005243 0 . 000000 0 . 000000 0 .000000

ISTR 4 NCTF 3 NORD; 2 UVAL 0.691656

CTFX 31.2398, -37 7555, 6.8351, -3.14559E -02

CTFY 3 . 03452E-02 , 0. 199088, 5 . 80254E-02 , 5 . 05029E-04

CTFZ 8.55491, -12 8833, 4.6573, -4.09825E -02

CTFQ. 0.588904, -5 24332E-03

Do you want to continue? <N>

YTHIS CONSTRUCT ID NUMBER (ISTR) IS 5 How many layers in this construct? (mas. = 10 )

3 Enter the layer ID numbers with most outer layer first

49,8,49

LAYER L K CP D R RC

Glass 0 .000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.260 0 0 00

Air Space 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.160 0.000

Glass 0 .000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.260 0.000

SUMRC = 0.00000 CND = 1.47059 TINC = 900.00

LAYER L K CP D R RC

Glass 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.260 0.000

Air Space 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.160 0 00 0 Glass 0 .000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.260 0 . 000

SUMRC = 0.00000 CND = 1.47059 TINC * 900.00

NUMBER OF ROOTS = 7; SEARCH INCREMENT =0.020026

N ROOT

1 0 . 024607256

2 0 . 072309779

3 0. 111355003

4 0 . 120292539

5 0 . 136468904

6 0 . 169175402

7 0 .216991657

180
NUMBER OF RESPONSE FACTORS = 3; ORDER = 2

N 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5

0 3 1 .2398 17 31 .2398 1 7 31.239817 31.239817 31.239817 3 1 .2398 1 7

1 -19.358236 -37.473015 - 37 . 755497 -37 . 755942 -37 . 7560 1 0 -37.756012

2 -4 .728849 6 .49625 4 6 .835099 6.835637 6.835720 6.835722

3 -2 .7 1 4793 0 .027286 -0 .031456 0 . 000000 0 .000000 0 . 000000

0 0 .030345 0 .030345 0 .030345 0.030345 0.030345 0 .0 3 0 3 4 5

1 0 .2 1 6958 0 . 199362 0 . 199088 0 . 199087 0.199087 0.199087

2 0 . 185634 0 . 059828 0 .058025 0 . 058023 0.058022 0 .058022

3 0 . 1 08688 0 . 001046 0 . 000505 0 . 000000 0 .000000 0.000000

0 8 .554926 8 .554926 8 .554926 8.554926 8 .5 5 4 9 2 6 8.554926

1 -7.845255 -12.805930 - 12 . 883287 -12 . 883409 -1 2 . 883428 - 1 2 . 883428

2 -0 .007653 4.541511 4 .657307 4 . 657491 4.657519 4.657520

3 -0.004354 0 .000083 -0 .040983 0 . 000000 0.000000 0.000000

2 0 .588904 -0 .005243 0 .000000 0.000000 0 . 000000

** SEVERE RESPONSE FACTORS NOT COMPUTED (RESPNS)

ISTR; 5 NCTF: 0 NORD. 0 UVAL; 1.47059

CTFX; 1.47059

CTFY: 1.47059

CTFZ; 1.47059

CTFQ:

Do you want to continue? <N>

N

STOP END OF CTF RUN

File; CTFDATA

DAT (Conduction Transfer Function File)

900.000

1 6 3 0 . 29022 7 14.5573 -30 . 2568 20.3102 -4.91848 0.339638

0 . 868591E-03 0 . 117100E-04

0 . 1 1 8807E-05 0 . 143323E-02 0 . 131896E-01 0 . 147913E-01 0 . 322913E-02

0 . 1 849 1 0E-03 0 . 501230E-05

2 . 45622 -5 .0397 1 3 .33638 -0 . 772406 0 . 520270E-01

0 . 319892E-03 0 . 497476E-05

1 .2746 1 -0 .426060 0 . 383128E-01

2 3 2 1.68155

6.04124 -5 .936 1 7 0 .930340 -0 . 105061E-01

0 . 1 22326 0 . 707036 0 . 193473 0 . 206644E-02

9.21829 -10 .3573 2 . 1 9789 -0 . 339653E-01

0 .3982 15 -0 . 771461E-02

3 1 1 4.71099

1 1 . 6962 -6 .98520

3.82101 0 . 889950

11.6962 -6.98520

0 . 621576E-05

4 3 2 0.691656

31.2398 -37.7555 6.83510 -0 . 3 1 4559E-0

0 . 303452E-01 0 . 1 99088 0 . 5802S4E-01 0 . 505029E-03

8 . 5549 1 -12.8833 4 .65730 -0 . 409825E-0 1 0.588904 -0 . 524332E-02

5 0 1 1 . 47059

181
1 .47059

1 . 47059

I .47059

0 . 000000

* File; CTFINPUT.DAT (CTF Input Data File)

900 . 000

6 44 45 36 20

2 36 48

3 43 8 43

4 2 10 8 43

3 49 8 49

182
(5) Creation of Weather Data File

* Eaecution of RDTAPC

Enter Input File name up to 12 characters

WYEC67.DAT

What is the type of weather tape?

Enter 1 for (TRY), 2 (TMY), 3 (SOLMET), 4 (WYEC)

4 Where is the weather station?

Enter station ID number

93734

Enter the year (4 digits)

1961

Type the start date: Month, Day

7,7

Type the stop date: Month, Day

7,9

The first day of the weather tape

STTN=93734 WYR=1960 WM0=6 WDY=2

The start day

STTN=93734 WYR=1961 WM0=7 WDY=7

The stop day

STTN=93734 WYRxl961 WM0=7 WDY=9

3 DAYS WRITTEN ON THE OUTPUT FILE

STOP NORMAL END OF JOB

* File: WYEC67.DAT

(From July 7 to July 9)

93734068066065180005300300202302800077702000777020007779999

93734068066065230003300100000303000077700000777000007779999

93734067066065000000299900000201400077700000777000007779999

93734067066065000000299800808302500077708000777080007779999

93734067066065000000299700401201803303004008888040007779999

93734067066065070004299811010303599999999999999999999990000

93734067066065050004299810805303803888808000777080007770008

93734069068067050004300011000502010303010999999999999990068

93734072069067000000300000903401200303003068888090007770174

93734074069066110004299900906402503888809000777090007770355

93734073069067140006299901003401810303210999999999999990429

93734076071068070005299801004403210305510999999999999990524

93734076070067160005299701007402703305510999999999999990545

93734078071067200006299500707303200077707000777070007770781

93734080072068160008299300505304000888805000777050007770298

93734081073069160006299100604404002888806000777060007770510

93734080071067180007299000804404004888808000777080007770467

93734080071067160006298800803404005988808000777080007770369

93734079071067180008298700902403507988809000777090007770209

93734077070067180006298700902403507988809000777090007770043

93734074070068160006298700702403005988807000777070007770000

93734073070068160006298700800503002403502069888080007779999

19610707009

19610707019

19610707029

19610707039

19610707049

19610707050

19610707060

19610707070

19610707080

19610707090

19610707100

19610707110

19610707120

19610707130

19610707140

19610707150

19610707160

19610707170

19610707180

19610707190

19610707200

19610707219

183
93 734073070068 1 6000629880070720 I 60007770700077707000777?999

93734072070069180005298700706201101302907000777070007779999

93734071070069180005298600603201103302606000777060007779999

93734070069068230004298500802201101302603089888080007779999

93734069068067230005298400501302605988805000777050007779999

93734068067066230004298310301302602888803000777030007779999

93734067066066250004298310404200400077704000777040007779999

93734067066065340004298410400200404716004000777040007770000

93734066065065340005298511008200504716010000777100007770035

93734068067066340005298610402200802716004000777040007770168

93734071068067320005298720601200805301806000777060007770347

93734073070068020006298720303201800077703000777030007770502

93734076071068020005298720303401900077703000777030007770632

93734078071068000000298600302403001716003008888030007770732

93734081069062340008298600202405500077702000777020007770784

93734081064053320011298600202405500077702000777020007770781

93734081065055340010298500200405002716002000777020007770705

93734080067059340010298500501404502716003028088050007770591

93734079065056340011298500707888000077707000777070007770326

93734078064055360011298600702716005988807000777070007770391

93734078064055320012298600702716005988807000777070007770247

93734074063055320012298900707988800077707000777070007770073

93734070060052320012298900701715007988807000777070007770000

93734068059052320007299200808988800077708000777080007779999

93734067058052320008299300404888800077704000777040007779999

93734066059053320009299300303888800077703000777030007779999

93734065058053320007299300301708002888803000777030007779999

93734064058053320005299300201708001888802000777020007779999

93734063057053340006299200000888800077700000777000007779999

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93734059056054340006299400000077700077700000777000007770000

93734061058055340006299600000077700077700000777000007770060

93734066060056360009299700000077700077700000777000007770209

93734067061057340008299800000708000077700000777000007770369

93734070062057340008299800000077700077700000777000007770518

93734072063058360007299900101403300077701000777010007770665

93734075065059360006299900303403800077703000777030007770765

93734077065058360008299800606405000077706000777060007770822

93734077065057360012299700808404800077708000777080007770833

93734078065056290009299700606405500077706000777060007770662

93734080066057320007299500707405000077707000777070007770556

93734077064056020009299500707405000077707000777070007770450

93734078064055360009299500503405002700005000777050007770149

93734077061050340008299600402405002708004000777040007770190

93734075062053340008299700602405004708006000777060007770062

93734071060052020007299900808710000077708000777080007770000

93734069059052360004300100600504006710006000777060007779999

93734070061054320012300200303711000077703000777030007779999

93734066058051340010300200303711000077703000777030007779999

19610707229

19610707239

19610708009

19610708019

19610708029

19610708039

19610708049

19610708050

19610708060

19610708070

19610708080

19610708090

19610708100

19610708110

19610708120

19610708130

19610708140

19610708150

19610708160

19610708170

19610708180

19610708190

19610708200

19610708219

19610708229

19610708239

19610709009

1961070901

19610709029

19610709039

19610709049

19610709050

19610709060

19610709070

19610709080

19610709090

19610709100

19610709110

19610709120

19610709130

19610709140

19610709150

19610709160

19610709170

19610709180

19610709190

19610709200

1961070921

19610709229

19610709239

* File: WTPOUT.DAT

STTN YR MO DAY HR DB DP P VS cc IZCR

(C) (C) (kPt) (/• ) <V/B

93734 1961 7 7 1 21.67 18.3 101.7 2 1 1 0 -1000 0 93734 1961 7 7 2 20.56 17.8 101.6 2 1 10 -1000 0 93734 1961 7 7 3 20.56 19.4 101.7 3 1 10 -1000 0 93734 1961 7 7 4 20 .56 19.4 1017 0 0 10 -1000 0

184
19dl

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1961 7 7 5 20 . 00 18.9 101.7 3 . 1 10 - 1000.0 7 7 6 20 . 00 18.9 101.8 2 . 6 10 - 1000.0 7 7 7 19.44 18.9 101.7 2 . 6 10 -1 000 . 0 7 7 8 20.56 19.4 101.7 2 . 6 10 - 1000.0 7 7 9 20.56 19.4 101.8 0 . 0 10 - 1000.0 7 7 10 20.56 20 . 0 101.8 5 . 7 10 - 1000.0 7 7 1 

21.11 20 . 0 101.7 5 . 7 10 - 1000.0 7 7 12 21.67 20 . 0 101.7 3 . 1 10 - 1000.0 7 7 13 22 . 78 20 . 0 101.8 4 . 1 10 -1 000 . 0 7 7 14 23 . 89 20 . 0 101.8 3 . 6 8 - 1000.0 7 7 15 23 . 33 20.0 101.7 4 . 6 9 - 1000.0 7 7 16 23 .89 18.9 101.7 3 . 6 9 - 1000.0 7 7 17 23 . 89 18.9 101.7 3 . 6 8 - 1000 . 

7 7 18 23 . 33 19.4 101.7 4 . 6 8 - 1000.0 7 7 19 22 . 78 19.4 101.6 4 . 1 5 - 1 00 0 . 0 7 7 20 21.67 18.3 101.6 2 . 6 3 - 1000.0 7 7 21 21.11 18.9 101.7 2 . 6 4 - 1000.0 7 7 22 20 .56 18.9 101.7 2 . 1 4 - 1000.0 7 7 23 20.56 18.9 101.8 2 . 6 10 - 1 000 . 0 7 7 0 20.00 18.3 101.7 2 . 6 2 - 1000.0 7 8 1 20 . 00 18.3 101.6 1 . 5 0 - 1 0 00 . 0 7 B 2 19.44 18.3 101.6 0 . 0 0 - 1000.0 7 8 3 19.44 18.3 101.5 0 . 0 8 - 1000.0 7 8 4 19.44 18.3 101.5 0 . 0 4 - 1000.0 7 8 5 19.44 18.3 101.5 2 . 1 10 -1 000 . 0 7 8 6 19.44 18.3 101.5 2 . 1 8 - 1000.0 7 8 7 20.56 19.4 101.6 2 . 1 10 -1 000 . 0 7 8 8 22.22 19.4 101.6 0 . 0 9 - 1000.0 7 8 9 23.33 18.9 101.6 2 . 1 9 - 1 00 0 . 0 7 8 10 22.78 19.4 101.6 3 . 1 10 - 1000.0 7 8 1 

24 . 44 20.0 101.5 2 . 6 10 - 1 0 00 . 0 7 8 12 24 . 44 19.4 101.5 2 . 6 10 - 1000.0 7 8 13 25 .56 19 . 4 101.4 3 . 1 7 - 1000.0 7 8 14 26.67 20 . 0 101.4 4 . 1 5 - 1000.0 7 8 15 27 . 22 20 . 6 101.3 3 . 1 6 -1 000 . 0 7 8 16 26 .67 19.4 101.3 3 . 6 8 - 1000.0 7 8 17 26.67 19.4 101.2 3 . 1 8 - 1000.0 7 8 18 26.11 19.4 101.2 4 . 1 9 - 1000.0 7 8 19 25 . 00 19.4 101.2 3 . 1 9 -1 000 . 0 7 8 20 23.33 20 . 0 101.2 3 . 1 7 - 1000.0 7 8 21 22.78 20 . 0 101.2 3 . 1 8 - 1 0 0 0.0 7 8 22 22 . 78 20 . 0 101.2 3 . 1 7 - 1000 . 

7 8 23 22.22 20 . 6 101.2 2 . 6 7 - 1000.0 7 8 0 21.67 20 . 6 101.1 2 . 6 6 -10000 7 9 1 21.11 20 . 0 101.1 2 . 1 8 - 1000.0 7 9 2 20.56 19.4 101.0 2 . 6 5 - 1000.0 7 9 3 20 . 00 18.9 101.0 2 . 1 3 - 1000.0 7 9 4 19.44 18.9 101.0 2 . 1 4 - 1000 . 

7 9 5 19.44 18.3 101.0 2 . 1 4 -10000 7 9 6 18.89 18.3 101.1 2 6 10 -10000 7 9 7 20 . 00 18.9 101.1 2 . 6 4 - 1000.0 7 9 8 21.67 19.4 101.2 2 . 6 6 - 1000.0 7 9 9 22.78 20 . 0 101.2 3 . 1 3 - 1 00 0 . 0 7 9 10 24.44 20 . 0 1012 2 . 6 3 -1000 0 7 9 1 

25.56 20 . 0 101.1 0 . 0 3 - 1000.0 7 9 12 27.22 16.7 101.1 4 . 1 2 -10000 7 9 13 27 . 22 11.7 101.1 5 . 7 2 -10000 7 9 1 4 27.22 12.8 1011 5 . 1 2 -1000 0 7 9 15 26 . 67 15.0 101.1 5 . 1 5 -1000 0 7 9 16 26.11 13.3 101.1 5 7 7 -10000

185
93734 1961 7 9 17 25 .56 12.8 101.1 5 . 7 7 -1000.0

93734 1961 7 9 18 25.56 12.8 101.1 6 . 2 7 -1000.0

93734 1961 7 9 19 23 . 33 12.8 101.2 6 . 2 7 -1000.0

93734 1961 7 9 20 21.11 11.1 101.2 6 . 2 7 -10000

93734 1961 7 9 21 20 .00 11.1 101.3 3 . 6 8 -10000

93734 1961 7 9 22 19.44 11.1 101.4 4 . 1 4 -1000,0

93734 1961 7 9 23 18 . 89 11.7 101.4 4 . 6 3 -1 000.0

93734 1961 7 9 0 18 . 33 11.7 101.4 3 . 6 3 -1000.0

NOTE; Data in the columns greater than 80 are truncated.

* Eaecution of CRVDTA

* *

* CREATING A WEATHER DATA FILE *

* *

Enter LATITUDE, LONGITUDE, and TIME ZONE:

38 . 85

77.03

5 Enter one of the following:

1 - to process the weather data in file WTPOUT.DAT

(previously read from weather tape by program RDTAPE)

2 - to generate clear sky design data

3 - to generate cloudy sky design data

1 Enter output file name (up to 12 characters)

or carriage return for default name; VEATHER.DAT

STOP END OF CREATING WEATHER FILE

File: WEATHER.DAT

7 7 38 .85 77 . 03 5.00 1 7 7 0 . 0 20 . 0000 -0.6220 1 0 1 . 700 0 2 .6000 0 00 00 0 000 0

7 7 1 . 0 21 .6700 -0 . 6220 1 0 1 .7000 2.1000 0 .0000 0 0000

7 7 2 . 0 20 .5600 -0 .6220 1 0 1 . 6 00 0 2.1000 0 00 0 0 0 000 0

7 7 3 . 0 20 .5600 -0 .6220 1 0 1 .7000 3.1000 0.0000 0 0000

7 7 4.0 20 .5600 -0.6220 1 0 1 .7000 0 .0000 0 00 00 0 . 000 0

7 7 5 . 0 20 . 0000 -0 . 6220 1 0 1 . 7000 3.1000 0 . 0000 0 0000

7 7 6 . 0 20 .0000 -0 .6 220 1 0 1 . 8 00 0 2 . 6000 0 1969 5 788 8

7 7 7 . 0 1 9 . 4400 -0 .62 20 1 0 1 .7000 2 6000 0 76 8 8 31 1430 3

7 7 8 . 0 20.5600 -0.6220 101 . 7000 2.6000 0.1449 22 0106 2

7 7 9 . 0 20 . 5600 -0 .6220 101 .8000 0 . 0000 0.1269 27 80 7 9 2

7 7 10.0 20 .5600 -0 . 6220 101 8000 5.7000 0 48 39 65 8 4 95 6

7 7 11.0 21.1100 -0 . 6220 101 .7000 5 . 7000 2 3168 161 7 80 3 1 6

7 7 12.0 21 . 6700 -0 .6220 101 . 7000 3.1000 220643 360 2 3 22 38

7 7 13.0 22.7800 -0 . 6220 101.8000 4 . 1000 107 1346 429 5 686 53

7 7 14.0 23 . 8900 -0 .6 220 1 0 1 .8000 3.6000 147 1323 4 1 3 1729 54

7 7 15.0 23.3300 -0 . 6220 1 0 1 .7000 4.6000 3 70 . 0 356 315 3 9 3 1 63

7 7 16.0 23.8900 -0 .6 220 101.7000 3.6000 769 6187 138 2 9 6 4 68

7 7 17.0 23 . 8900 -0 .6220 1 0 1 .7000 3.6000 1816750 245 906 4 34

7 7 18.0 23.3300 -0 .6220 1 0 1 .7000 4 .6000 115 4136 161 2 9 8 1 2 1

186
7 7 19 . 0 22 .7800 -0 .6220

7 7 20 . 0 21.6700 - 0 .6220

7 7 21.0 21.1100 - 0 . 6220

7 7 22 . 0 20 . 5600 -0 .6220

7 7 23 . 0 20.5600 - 0 .6220

7 7 24 . 0 20.0000 - 0 . 6220

7 8 1 . 0 20 . 0000 - 0 . 6220

7 8 2 . 0 19.4400 - 0 .6220

7 8 3 . 0 19.4400 - 0 .6220

7 8 4 . 0 19.4400 - 0 .6220

7 8 5 . 0 19 . 4400 - 0 . 6220

7 8 6 . 0 19 . 4400 - 0 .6220

7 8 7 . 0 20 .5600 - 0 .6220

7 8 8 . 0 22 .2200 - 0 .6220

7 8 9 . 0 23 . 3300 - 0 . 6220

7 8 10.0 22 . 7800 - 0 .6220

7 8 11.0 24.4400 - 0 .6220

7 8 12.0 24 .4400 -0 .6220

7 8 13.0 25 . 5600 - 0 . 6220

7 8 14.0 26 . 6700 - 0 .6220

7 8 15.0 27 . 2200 - 0 . 6220

7 8 U . 0 26.6700 - 0 .6220

7 8 17.0 26.6700 - 0 .6220

7 8 18 . 0 26 . 1100 - 0 . 6220

7 8 19 . 0 25 . 0000 -0 . 6220

7 8 20 . 0 23 . 3300 - 0 .6220

7 8 21 .0 22 . 7800 - 0 . 6220

7 8 22 . 0 22 . 7800 -0 .6220

7 8 23 . 0 22 . 2200 - 0 . 6220

7 8 24 . 0 21 .6700 -0 .6220

7 9 1 . 0 21.1100 - 0 . 6220

7 9 2 . 0 20.5600 -0 .6220

7 9 3 . 0 20 . 0000 - 0 . 6220

7 9 4 . 0 19.4400 - 0 . 6220

7 9 5 . 0 19.4400 - 0 . 6220

7 9 6 . 0 18 . 8900 - 0 .6220

7 9 7 . 0 20 . 0000 - 0 . 6220

7 9 8 . 0 2 1 .6700 - 0 . 6220

7 9 9 . 0 22 . 7800 - 0 .6220

7 9 10.0 24.4400 - 0.6220

7 9 11.0 25 .5600 - 0 .6220

7 9 12.0 27 .2200 - 0 .6220

7 9 13.0 27 . 2200 - 0 . 6220

7 9 14.0 27 .2200 - 0 .6220

7 9 15.0 26 . 6700 - 0 .6220

7 9 U . 0 26.1100 -0 . 622 0 7 9 17.0 25 . 5600 -0 .6220

7 9 18.0 25 . 5600 - 0 . 6220

7 9 19.0 23.3300 - 0 .6220

7 9 20 . 0 21.1100 -0 .6220

7 9 21.0 20 . 0000 -0 .6220

7 9 22 . 0 19 . 4400 -0 .6220

7 9 23 . 0 18 . 8900 -0 .62 20

7 9 24 . 0 18.3300 - 0 . 6220

NOTE: Data in the columns greater than

6000 4 . 1000 6.6053 55 .706 6 5 6000 2.6000 0 . 0000 0.0000

7000 2 . 6000 0 .0000 0 .0000

7000 2.1000 0.0000 0.0000

8000 2 .6000 0 . 0000 0.0000

7000 2.6000 0.0000 0.0000

6000 1 .5000 0 .0000 0.0000

6000 0 .0000 0.0000 0.0000

5000 0 . 0000 0.0000 0.0000

5000 0 .0000 0.0000 0.0000

5000 2.1000 0 .0000 0 .0000

5000 2.1000 0 . 5209 9.2447

6000 2 . 1000 4 .9306 77 .5720 7 6000 0 . 0000 28 . 4925 188.5826 20

6000 2.1000 197.4422 285.1067 41 6000 3 .1000 1 91 . 8022 347.8713 49

5000 2 . 6000 262.0825 376 . 1 01 6 60

5000 2 .6000 237.6303 408 . 2700 63

4000 3.1000 741.7134 197.3627 90

4000 4 .1000 15.9343 331.6353 34

3000 3.1000 300 . 4958 34 1 .8843 59

3000 3.6000 394.5117 2 62 . 85 33 54

2000 3.1000 415.3787 199 . 4689 42

2000 4.1000 211.0219 1 64 . 0207 24

2000 3.1000 4 .9064 49.0572 4 2000 3.1000 0.0000 0.0000

2000 3.1000 0 .0000 0.0000

2000 3.1000 0 . 0000 0.0000

2000 2 . 6000 0.0000 0 .0000

1000 2 .6000 0 . 0000 0.0000

1000 2.1000 0.0000 0 .0000

0000 2 .6000 0 . 00 0 0 0 . 000 0 0000 2.1000 0 . 0000 0 .0000

0000 2.1000 0.0000 0.0000

0000 2 . 1000 0 . 0000 0 .0000

1000 2.6000 18 . 3946 38 . 75 04 4 1000 2 . 6000 235 . 8 9 25 1 26 .32 30 19

2000 2 .6000 5 49 .5 1 64 141.5620 40

2000 3.1000 664.4600 1 55 .3 863 58

2000 2 .6000 72 1 .2656 168.6929 73

1000 0.0000 759.7915 1 76 .3566 85

1000 4.1000 7 66 . 83 62 185.3893 91

1000 5 . 7000 742.5952 1 96 .9268 90

1000 5.1000 638.1118 233 . 0332 81

1000 5.1000 504.5327 265.9695 68

1000 5.7000 89 . 48 78 315.3828 37

1000 5 . 7000 5 04 . 6 8 1 9 1 75 .9 8 6 4 45

1000 6.2000 401.5051 137.2548 28

2000 6 .2000 41.8718 77.0723 8 2000 6 . 2000 0.0000 0 . 0000

30 00 3.6000 0.0000 0.0000

4000 4.1000 0 . 0000 0.0000

4000 4.6000 0.0000 0.0000

40 00 3.6000 0.0000 0.0000

are truncated.

101

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BO

187
B • Simulation

( 1 ) Allocation of Output Files

Default names of the output files are MODSUM.DAT, MODOUT.DAT, and

1NIT0UT.DAT.

( 2 ) Eaecution of MODSIM for Initialization

Minimum time step, maaimum time step, and simulation stopping time are

1, 1000, and 66400 seconds, respectively.

( 3 ) Continuation of Simulation

* Execution of MODSIM for Simulation using the Initialization File

**)t«**A**)t***«ftft)k«*****tt**«<M>****«*1tft««**«lt***

* «

* MODSIM Version 5.0 *

* * «**««*«*«*««««*«*««**«*****«*««**«««*«******«•

Enter MINIMUM TIME STEP, MAXIMUM TIME STEP, and SIMULATION STOPPING TIME

1 , 1 000,259200

Is the Building Shell Model used? <N>

Y Will the Initialization File be called? <N>

Y

What is the INDEX NUMBER of the SUPERBLOCK for the Building ShelP

1 ISSHEL =1

Enter the time of day (in hours after midnight)

at which the simulation is to begin

0 Use default file names for all files? (Y/N) <Y>

Do you want Diagnostic Information to be written <N>^

Would you like to monitor the Simulation on Screen* <N)

SIMULATION BEGINS

-- FIRST WEATHER DATA SET HAS BEEN READ

INITIALIZATION FILE HAS BEEN WRITTEN

STOP --END OF SIMULATION ---

* File: MODOUT.DAT (for the second run)

SUPERBLOCK 1 1 . 00

20 . 33 38 1 8 . 7336 20.2245 20.2587 20 2350

20 . 23 46 20 . 3646 20.3762 20 3393 20 0000

2 . 39 2979E-02

0 .0000 00

2 . 2224 1 lE-02 2 . 28 1 0 7 2E-02 0 000000 0 000000

188
SUPERBLOCK 2 1.00

20 .0006 20 . 0006 20.0190 22.1665 20.0000

7 . 4 00 32 6E-04 7 . 400326E-04 7 . 400324E-04

SUPERBLOCK 2 3 . 00

20.0012 20.0012 20 . 03 79 22.1665 20 .0000

7 . 4 00 65 2E-04 7 . 400652E-04 7 . 400645E-04

SUPERBLOCK 2 361.00

20.1085 20 . 1 074 21.3665 2 2 . 1 6 65 20.0000

7 . 458397E-04 7 . 458394E-04 7 . 428809E-04

SUPERBLOCK 1 900.00

20.2759 19.0246 20.2807 20.2373 20.2915

20.2914 20 . 3087 20 .28 32 20 . 5286 20.7815

2 . 963960E-03 -1 . 935803E-03 -0 . 25 1 706 0.000000 0 .000000

0.000000

SUPERBLOCK 2 1030.00

20.2914 20.2848 21.9241 22.1665 20.0000

7 . 564859E-04 7 . 564828E-04 7 . 447517E-04

SUPERBLOCK 1 1800. 00

20 , 3788 19.1844 20 . 47 44 20 . 35 99 20 .4871

20 . 4858 20 . 3 460 20.3776 20.8428 21.3204

8 . 122213E-04 -5 . 81 3498E-03 -0.318652 0.000000 0.000000

0.000000

SUPERBLOCK 2 2030.00

20 . 5684 20.5509 22.0615 22 . 1 665 20.0000

7 . 722455E-04 7 . 72231 OE-04 7 . 45609 9E-04

SUPERBLOCK 1 2700.00

20.5417 19.3457 20.7105 20 .5468 20.7238

20,7221 20 . 45 63 20.5410 21.0963 21.6165

-1 . 365668E-02 -1 . 414384E-02 -0 .274801 0 .000000 0.000000

0.000000

SUPERBLOCK 2 3030.00

20.8199 20 . 80 2 1 22.1027 22.1665 20.0000

7 . 880400E-04 7 . 880139E-04 7 . 459365E-04

SUPERBLOCK 1 360 0 . 00

20.7171 19.5224 20.9170 20.7383 20.9268

20.9277 20.6030 20.7128 2 1 . 2 8 3 7 21.6700

-3 . 207046E-02 -1 . 868834E-02 -0 . 22 6565 0 . 00 00 00 0.000000

0.000000

SUPERBLOCK 2 4030.00

2 1 . 0320 21.0371 22 . 1 258 22.1665 20.0000

8 040539E-04 8 . 04031 7E-04 7 . 4 6 0 90 7E-04

SUPERBLOCK 1 4500.00

20 .8678 1 9 .67 88 21.0512 20.8912 21.0556

21.0583 20.7467 20.8577 21.4103 21.4930

-4 . 560097E-02 -1 . 715894E-02 -0 , 1 9 6 9 22 0.000000 0.000000

0.000000

SUPERBLOCK 2 5030.00

21.2083 21.2612 22.1383 22 . 1 6 6 5 20.0000

8 . 203641E-04 8 . 203788E-04 7 . 4 6 1 55 4 E-04

SUPERBLOCK 1 5400 . 00

20.9771 19.8039 21.1038 21.0048 21.1012

21.1027 20.8734 20.9925 21 4787 21 1868

-6 . 460547E-02 -6 . 795895E-02 -0 185209 0.000000 0 . OOOOCC

0000000

SUPERBLOCK 2 6030.00

21.3388 2 1 . 38 47 2 2 . 1 4 2 5 22.1665 20,0000

8 . 3 6 3 1 1 4E-04 8 . 363035E-04 7 . 4 6 1 2 9 1 F-04

SUPERBLOCK 1 6300.00

21.0412 19.8925 21.0877 21.0771 21 0774

21 .0786 20 9682 21.0801 21 4985 20 8396

189
-8 . 824774E- 02 -8 . 800596E-02 -0 . 137045 0.000000 0.000000

0.000000

SUPERBLOCK 2 7030 . 00

21.4201 21.4618 2 2 . 1 40 7 22.1665 20 0 0 0 0

8 . 5 1 3 8 25E- 04 8.513539E-04 7 . 459873E-04

SUPERBLOCK 1 7200 . 00

21 .0646 19.9451 21.0291 21.1050 2 1 .0119

21.0139 21.0245 21.1266 21.4826 20 5 6 0 0 -0 . 1 0 6536 -0.104631 -0.197710 0 . 000000 0 000000

0000000

SUPERBLOCK 2 803 0 . 00

21.4587 21.5024 22.1354 22.1665 "* ft ft

'' ' ft

8 . 65 1 5 0 2E- 04 8.651000E-04 7 457146E-04

SUPERBLOCK 1 8100.00

21.0615 19.9696 20.9622 2 1 1 G 5 8 20 9 3 9 7 20.9433 210477 2 1 . 1 4 1

21 4495 20 4 25 8 -0.121632 -0116654 -G 21C383 0.000000 0 . CCOOOO

0000000

SUPERBLCCK 1 9 0 0 C . 0 0 210460 19.9751 20.9115 210928 20 8 8 5 7 20.8906 21.0481 21.1434 214171 20 4 137

-0.127826 -0 . 1 2 0 0 3 7 -0.223062 0 .00 0000 0.000000

0.000000

SUPERBLOCK 2 9030.00

21.4581 21.5134 22 . 1 2 55 2 2 . 1 6 65 20 0 0 0 0

8 . 775999E- 04 8.775219E-04 7 . 454029E-04

(OUTPUTS FROM TIME = 9900 TO 25 1 79 6 ARE DELETED)---

SUPERBLOCK 1 25 20 00 . 00

21.9522 20 .9 66 1 2 1 . 27 5 9 21.9833 2 1 2 2 5 2 212573 22 . 1 396 22.0591 21 . 3677 1 9 4 4 0 0 -0.263559 -0.238100 -0 .265956 0 .000000 0 000000

0 000000

SUPERBLOCK 2 252796.00

22 . 34 98 22.3719 2 2 . 0977 2 2 . 1 6 65 20 0000

1 . 2 7 1 8 8 7E- 03 1.306680E-03 7 . 443607E-04

SUPERBLOCK 1 252900 . 00

21.6665 20 .707 4 2 1 . 0275 2 1 .7072 20 9 78 8 21.0090 21.8346 2 1 . 8 050 212637 1 9 3 0 8 4 -0 . 24 7 862 -0 .225442 -0 .29 1 9 22 0 000000 0 000000

0 .000000

SUPERBLOCK 2 253796 . 00

22 . 0627 22.1211 22 .0852 22 . 1 6 65 20 0 000

1 . 2 70476E- 03 1.304380E-03 7 . 4 4 1 96 4E-04

SUPERBLOCK 1 253800 . 00

2 1 .4073 20 . 4740 20.7989 21.4561 20 7517

20 . 78 04 21 .5584 21 .5725 21.1705 1 9 1715

-0 . 23 4484 -0 .214536 -0.316101 0 .0000 00 0 000000

0 .0 00000

SUPERBLOCK 1 254700 . 00

21 .2307 20.3158 20.6300 213117 20 5 8 2 4 20.6115 21 . 3537 21.4194 21 0885 1 9 0314

-0 . 285258 -0 .2554 1 3 -0 .3 4 1 6 64 0.000000 0 000000

0 .000000

SUPERBLOCK 2 254796.00

21 . 7180 21.8235 22 .0 655 221665 20 00 00

1 . 268979E- 03 1.301975E-03 7 . 440925E-04

SUPERBLOCK 1 255600 . 00

21.0173 20.1295 20.4385 21 0954 20 3 9 2 2

190
20 . 4205 21.1365 21 . 2273 21.0109 18.8900

-0.241197 -0 .220511 -0 . 359827 0 .000000 0 .000000

0 .000000

SUPERBLOCK 2 255796 . 00

21 . 4541 21 . 5897 22.0548 22 . 1665 20.0000

1 . 267662E- 03 1.299750E-03 7 . 440553E-04

SUPERBLOCK 1 256500 . 00

20.8110 19 . 9485 20.2499 20.8892 20 .2050

20 .2323 20.9246 21 .0394 20.9373 18.7490

-0 . 220682 -0 .203429 -0 . 380644 0 .000000 0 .000000

0 . 000000

SUPERBLOCK 2 256796.00

2 1 .2297 21 .3887 22 . 0451 22 .1 665 20.0000

1 . 266833E- 03 1.298028E-03 7 . 440895E-04

SUPERBLOCK 1 257400.00

20.6175 19 . 7789 20.0705 20.6980 20.0268

20 . 0533 20.7238 20 .8625 20 .8683 18.6086

-0 . 208762 -0 . 193080 -0 . 400627 0 . 000000 0 .000 000

0 .00 0000

SUPERBLOCK 2 257796.00

21 . 0301 2 1 .2090 22 .0363 22 . 1 665 20.0000

1 . 26 6805E- 03 1.297132E-03 7 . 441971E-04

SUPERBLOCK 1 258300.00

20 .4375 19.6212 19.9016 20.5214 1 9 .8589

19.8849 20 .5357 20 .6978 20 .8033 18.4689

-0 .200604 -0 . 185770 -0 .419944 0 .000000 0 . 000000

0 .000000

SUPERBLOCK 2 258796 . 00

20 . 8491 21.0461 22.0282 22 . 1665 20 .0000

1 . 267894E- 03 1.297383E-03 7 . 443784E-04

SUPERBLOCK 1 259200.00

20 . 2705 19 . 4752 19 . 7435 20 .3584 19.7015

19.7271 20 . 3605 20 .5448 20 .7424 1 8 . 330 0 -0 . 1 94380 -0 . 180170 -0 . 438363 0 .0000 00 0.000000

0 .000000

SUPERBLOCK 2 259200 . 00

20.7811 20 .9849 22 .0223 22.1665 20.0000

1 . 268553E- 03 1.297710E-03 7 . 444688E-04

C . Postprocessing - Output Data Analysis

Execution of SORTSB program and plotting using the output of SORTSB.

191
Figure D-3. Ceiling inner surface temperatures of the three-zone model

Figure D-4. Inner surface temperatures of the selected building surfaces

in Zone 1.

192
Air

temperature

(C)

Figure D-5. Outdoor, zone, supply, and inlet air temperatures in Zone 3

193
Figure D-7. Convective heat flow rates from the building inner surfaces

Figure D-8. Solar radiation influxes from a weather tape

194
NBS-114A (REV. 2-60) U.S. DEPT. OF COMM. 1. PUBLICATION OR

REPORT NO.

2. Performing Organ. Report No. 3. Publication Date

| BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA

SHEET (See instructions) NBSIR-86/3331 MARCH 1986

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

HVACSIM"*” Building Systems and Equipment Simulation Program;

Building Loads Calculation

5. AUTHOR(S)

Cheol Park, Daniel R. Clark, George E. Kelly

6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION (If joint or other than NBS. see instructions)

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20234

7. Contract/Grant No.

8. Type of Report & Period Covered

9.

SPONSORING ORGANIZATION NAME AND COMPLETE ADDRESS (Street, City. State. ZIP)

Office of Buildings and Community Systems U,S. Navy Civil Engineering Laboratory

U.S. Department of Energy U.S. Department of Defense

1000 Independence Avenue, NW Port Hueneme, CA 93043

Washington, DC 20585

10.

SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

I I Document describes a computer program; SF-185, FIPS Soft>ware Summary, is attached.

11.

ABSTRACT (A 200-word or less factual summary of most significant information. If document includes a significant

bibliography or literature survey, mention it here)

A non-proprietary building system simulation program called HVACSIM"*", which stands

for HVAC SIMulation PLUS other systems, has been developed at the National Bureau of

Standards (NBS) in an effort to understand the dynamic_|_interactions between a building

shell, an HVAC system, and building controls. HVACSIM consists of a main simulation

program, a library of HVAC system component models, a building shell model, and interactive front end input data generation programs.

The main simulation program employs a hierarchical, modular approach and advanced

equation solving techniques to perform dynamic simulations of building/HVAC/control

systems. In the building shell model, a fixed time step selected by the user is

employed, while a variable time step approach is used in the HVAC and control systems

portion of a simulation and the zone model.

This report presents the overall architecture of the HVACSIM program, algorithms

used in the main simulation program, a brief discussion of the numerical methods used

in solving a system of non-linear simultaneous equations. Integrating stiff ordinary

differential equations and interpolating data and descriptions of the building shell

and zone models. Conduction transfer functions, weather data, and simulation procedure

are also described. This report is the third document, which describes the building

model, supplied with HVACSIM^.

12.

KEY WORDS (Six to twelve entries; alphabetical order; capitalize only proper names; and separate key words by semicolons)

building dynamics; building simulation; building system modeling; computer simulation

programs; control dynamics; dynamic modeling of building systems; dynamic performance of

building systems; dynamic simulations; HVAC system simulations; HVACSIM"*"

13. AVAILABILITY

rX~[ Unlimited

I I For Official Distribution, Do Not Release to NTIS

1 I Order From Superintendent of Documents, U,S, Government Printing Office, Washington, D,C. 20402. 02 Order From National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Springfield, VA, 22161

14, NO, OF

PRINTED PAGES

202

15. Price

$22.95

USCOMM-DC 0043-P80
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