The Lower Cretaceous 

(Albian) Ammonite Genera 

Leconteites and Brewericeras 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 503-F 

The Lower Cretaceous 

(Albian) Ammonite Genera 

Leconteites and Brewericeras 

By DAVID L. JONES, MICHAEL A. MURPHY, and EARLL. PACKARD 

CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 503-F 

A report simplifying the complex 

nomenclature of the ammonite 

genera Leconteites and Brewericeras 

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON 1965 
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

Thomas B. Nolan, Director 

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office 

Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price .50 (paper cover) 
CONTENTS 

Page Page 

Abstract___________________________________________ F1 Stratigraphic position and age-Continued 

Introduction_______________________________________ 1 Central Oregon_________________________________ F5 

l'romenclature__________________________________ 1 Queen Charlotte Islands _____________________ -___ 6 

Acknowledgments, measurements, and abbreviations ___ ..: 3 Southern Alaska________________________________ 7 

Material studied____________________________________ 3 Evolutionary sequence _________________________ - ___ - 8 

Stratigraphic position and age of Leconteites and Breweri- Systematic descriptions _________________________ -- __ - 9 

ceras________________________________________ 3 References ____________________________________ - - _ _ _ 19 

Onoarea______________________________________ 3 Index_____________________________________________ 21 

PLATE 

FIGURE 

ILLUSTRATIONS 

[Plates 1-11 follow index] 

1, 3-5. Leconteites lecontei (Anderson). 

2. Leconteites lecontei (Anderson) and L. sacramenticus (Anderson). 

6. Leconteites lecontei whiteavesi Jones, Murphy, and Packard, n. subsp. and L. deansi (Whiteaves). 

7. Leconteites lecontei whiteavesi Jones, Murphy, and Packard, n. subsp. 

8. Breuericeras breweri (Gabb) and B. hulenense (Anderson). 

9, 10. Brewericeras hulenense (Anderson). 

11. Brewericeras hulenense and Leconteites lecontei. 

1. Index map of Ono area, northern California--------------------------------------------------------

2. Generalized diagrammatic columnar sections, Ono area, northern California ___________________________ _ 

3-5. Index map of3. Mitchell area, central Oregon _____________________________________________________________ _ 

4. Graham Island, Queen Charlotte Islands, B.C-----------------------------------------------

5. The upper Chitina Valley, southern Alaska _________________________________________________ _ 

6. Generalized columnar section, Fohlin Creek area __________________________________________________ _ 

7. Postulated evolutionary sequence of Leconteites and Brewericeras ____________________________________ _ 

8. Cross sections of Leconteites lecontei s. s __________________________________________________________ _ 

9. Scatter diagram showing relation of whorl height to whorl breadth in Leconteites lecontei s. s _____________ _ 

10. Bar graph showing frequency distribution of Leconteites lecontei s. s ___________________________________ _ 

11-13. Suture lines of Leconteites lecontei s. s_ ------------------------------------------------------------- 14. Scatter diagram, Brewericeras hulenense __________________________________________________________ _ 

15, 16. Suture lines of Brewericeras hulenense ___________________________________________________________ _ 

17. Bar graph showing frequency distribution of Brewericeras hulenense ________________________ -- ___ --- _-

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18 

CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

THE LOWER CRETACEOUS (ALBIAN) AMMONITE GENERA LECONTEITES AND 

BREWERICERAS 

By DAVID L. JoNES, MICHAEL A. MuRPHY/ and EARL L. PACKARD 2 

ABSTRACT 

Lower Cretaceous (Albian) ammonites from the Pacific coast 

region of North America designated as Leconteites lecontei, L. 

modestum (in part), Puzosigella mulleri, P. tajfi, P. rogersi, and P. 

perrinsmithi (in part), are herein regarded as forming one highly 

variable but intergrading species to which the name L. lecontei 

(Anderson) is applied. Puzosigella sacramentica (Anderson) is 

regarded as a separate species of Leconteites, and the name 

Puzosigella is rejected. A new subspecies, L. lecontei whiteavesi, 

is recognized from the Albian beds of Queen Charlotte Islands, 

and one species, L. deansi, is abundant in the lowest Albian beds 

of southern Alaska. 

The genus Brewericeras is regarded as a direct descendant of 

Leconteites and contains two species: B. breweri (Gabb) and B. 

hulenense (Anderson). B. breweri is known only from one specimen, but B. hulenense is abundant and widespread in upper lower 

Albian deposits. This species shows a wide range in morphologic 

variation from smooth compressed forms to ribbed slightly 

inflated forms. 

INTRODUCTION 

Ammonites assigned to various species of the genera 

Leconteites Casey, Puzosigella Casey, and Brewericeras 

Casey are locally abundant in Albian strata in California, Oregon, British Columbia, and Alaska. Because 

of their wide distribution and short geologic range, these 

ammonites are very useful in correlation, but because of 

the proliferation in specific names, uncertainty of generic 

affinities, and obvious synonymy of some of the types, 

their proper identification is impossible using the present 

nomenclature. 

Likewise, an apparent evolutionary sequence of the 

early Albian Leconteites leading to the late early Albian 

or early middle Albian Brewericeras has been obscured 

by placing these two genera in different families: 

Leconteites in Hoplitidae and Brewericeras in Desmoceratidae (Wright in Arkell and others, 1957). 

In recent years, studies of large populatiOns of 

ammonites have shown that some species exhibit a 

1 University of California, Riverside, Calif. 

2 Stanford University, Stanford, Calif. 

surprisingly Wide range of morphologic variation. 

Studies of the Upper Cretaceous Collignoniceratids by 

Haas (1946), the Triassic genus Tropites by Silber ling 

(1959), and the mid-Cretaceous genus Neogastroplites 

by Reeside and Cobban (1960) conclusively demonstrate that intraspecific variation from finely ribbed 

compressed individuals to robust coarsely ornamented 

forms is normal for some ammonites and that finely 

drawn taxonomic distinctions based on differences in 

whorl proportions or strength of ornamentation do 

not hold up when a sufficiently large sample is available. 

On the other hand, some groups of ammonites are 

remarkably constant morphologically and show little 

range in variation. Why this difference exists is not 

clear, but it seems probable that the highly variable 

species are most important from an evolutionary point 

of view, as they provide a wider basis upon which 

natural selection can operate to produce separately 

evolving strains. 

This study attempts to document another example 

of extreme variation and also to elucidate what seems 

to be a clear evolutionary sequence. 

NOMENCLATURE 

The genera Leconteites and Puzosigella are based on 

two species, Desmoceras lecontei and Pachydiscus 

sacramenticus, first named by Anderson (1902). According to Anderson, the former species is characterized 

by a compressed whorl section, narrow umbil.i?us, 

nearly vertical umbilical wall, angular umbilical 

shoulder, and weak ornamentation; the latter species 

is characterized by a more inflated whorl section, wider 

umbilicus, sloping umbilical wall, rounded umbilical 

shoulder and coarse ornamentatiOn. Holotypes of ' both species apparently were obtained from the same 

place on the east fork of Ruling (Hulen) Cree~ near 

Ono, northern California (California Acad. SCl. loc. 

152, see Anderson, 1902, p. 96, 105; 1938, p. 195, 196). 

Fl 
F2 CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

Hall and Ambrose (1916, p. 69; see Wiedey, 1929, p. 25, 

pl. 2, fig. 2) subsequently named a new species, Sonneratia rogersi, a closely related form obtained from 

Tesla quadrangle in central California. Anderson 

(1 938, p. 192, 1 93) later referred Desmoceras lecontei 

to Cleoniceras and named a new species, C. modestum, 

which was also obtained from Ruling Creek (California Acad. Sci. loc. 1668). In the same publication, 

Anderson (1938, p. 184, 195) referred Pachydiscus 

sacramenticus to the genus Sonneratia and named as 

new species S. perrinsmithi, S. tajji, and S. mulleri 

all of which, together with plesiotypes of S. rogersi, 

were obtained from the east fork of Ruling Creek 

(California Acad. Sci. loc. 152). 

Casey (1954) recognized that none of the species 

cited above belong to either Cleoniceras or Sonneratia, 

and he therefore erected two new genera, Lecunteites 

and Puzosigella, and D. lecontei and P. sacramenticus, 

respectively, were designated as generic types. 

To the genus Puzosigella, Casey assigned the following species: P. sacramenticus, S. mulleri, S. tajji, and 

S. rogersi. The distinctive features of Puzosigella 

were described by Casey (1954, p. 110), as follows: 

* * * evolute, subdiscoidal, strongly costate. Whorl-sides 

flattened, subparallel. Venter broadly rounded. Umbilicus 

with subvertical wall and distinct rim, surmounted, in the 

early whorls, by obtuse· bullae, from which the sigmoidal ribs 

take origi~ in bundles. Ribs later tending to differentiate into 

(long) primaries and (short) secondaries, the latter either freeending or branching from the primaries at or below the middle 

of the sides. All ribs broadening slightly and fading on the 

venter, which they traverse in a forwardly directed arc, inner 

lateral area tending to smoothness at large diameters. Periodic 

narrow constrictions, not persistent to the adult. Suture line 

puzosoid. 

Only one species, D. lecontei, was definitely assigned 

to Leconteites, but Casey (1954, p. 110) stated that 

"This genus, * * * comprises the Californian 'Cleoniceras' of Anderson (1938)." Thus, at least by implication, C. modestum also was meant to be included in 

the genus. Leconteites was said to differ from Puzosigella. 

in its greater involution, compression, finer ribbing, more ddicate and less persistent umbilical tubercles, tendency to smoothness in the adu.lt, and in the presence of periodic desmoceratidlike peripheral ridges. Constrictions, if ever present, disappear 

before the neanic stage (Casey, 1954, p. 110). 

Imlay (1960) reported both Leconteites and Puzosigella in Albian deposits of the Chitina Valley, Alaska, 

where he recognized Puzosigella cf. P. rogersi, Leconteites modestus and L. deansi (Whiteaves). According 

to Imlay (1960, p. 108): 

The genus Puzosigella differs from Leconteites mainly in having 

more prominent umbilical bullae, by the flank ribs originating 

in bundles at these bullae, and by possessing many, rather 

conspicuous, narrow constrictions on immature specimens. 

A study of large collections of ammoni ties from 

Oregon, California, British Columbia, and Alaska have 

convinced the authors of this paper that the differentiation of leconteitid and puzosigellid ammonites into 

six species and two genera is untenable and that the 

generic differences expressed by Casey and by Imlay 

are invalid. Specimens from a single locality show a 

complete gradation from compressed finely ornamented 

forms (Leconteites) to the more inflated coarsely ribbed 

forms (Puzosigella). This same range of variation can 

be demonstrated to occur throughout the entire stratigraphic interval in which these forms occur. Thus only 

one generic name should be applied to this entire 

morphologic plexus. 

The genus Brewericeras was named by Casey (1954, 

p. 112), who cited Ammonites breweri Gabb as type 

species. Ammonites breweri was originally based on a 

large fragment (UC 12098) figured by Gabb in 1864 and 

reproduced here on plate 8, figures 3 and 5. This 

specimen has strongly developed ribs that are continuous 

across the lower flanks and that show a slight tendency 

to weaken near the umbilical shoulder and on the 

venter. Because the specimen is worn and damaged in 

these areas, it is difficult to be sure that this weakening 

is inherent rather than due to erosion. In 1869, Gabb 

illustrated another specimen (ANSP 4798) as A. 

breweri, and this was refigured by Anderson (1 938, pl. 

44, figs. 1, 2) and erroneously designated by him as the 

holotype. That specimen, reproduced in this report on 

plate 8, figures 1, 2, and 4, has ribs that are well developed on the outer flank but are weakly developed on 

both the inner flank and the venter, in marked contrast 

to the holotype. 

In this same publication, Anderson (1 938, p. 190, pl. 

44, figs. 3, 4) named a new species, Beudanticeras 

hulenense, which differs from A. breweri by having 

ribs that are less prominent on the umbilical shoulder, 

absent on the lower flanks, and weak or absent on the 

venter. Typical specimens of B. hulenense are nearly 

smooth, but a completely intergrading series can be 

shown between smooth forms and more coarsely ribbed 

forms such as Gabb's 1869 specimen referred to as A. 

breweri. A complete intergradation cannot be demonstrated With the holotype of A. breweri (Gabb, 1864), as 

that specimen has coarser more uniformly developed 

ribs on the lower flank in contrast to all known specimens 

of B. hulenense, which lack the ribs or have only striae 

or, in the highly inflated varieties, irregularly developed 

riblets. 

Therefore, these two species of Brewericeras are 

considered distinct, although B. breweri is known only 

from the single original (1864) specimen; all other 

cited examples of B. breweri are herein referred to B. 

hulenense. 
LOWER CRETACEOUS AMMONITE GENERA F3 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS, MEASUREMENTS, AND 

ABBREVIATIONS 

We are indebted to Dr. Leo Hertlein, of the California Academy of Sciences, for providing casts of 

Anderson's type specimens; to Dr. F. H. McLearn, of 

the Geological Survey of Canada, for making available 

sp~cimens of Leconteites from the Queen Charlotte 

Islands; to Dr. A. Sutherland-Brown, of the British 

Columbia Department of Mines and Petroleum Resources, for furnishing maps and giving advice on 

fossiliferous localities in the Queen Charlotte Islands; 

to Dr. Horace Richards, of the Academy of Natural 

Sciences of Philadelphia; and to Mr. Joseph Peck, 

Department of Paleontology, University of California, 

Berkeley, for loaning us Gabb's original specimens. 

We also thank Dr. Marshall Maddox of San Jose State 

College for donating large collections of Leconteites 

made by himself and students in the Hospital Creek 

area, central California. 

Measurements and abbreviations used in this report 

are as follows: 

Mea8'Urement8 Abbreviatiom Remarks 

Diameter of shell ____ D Maximum diameter not always measured, particularly where outer part of 

the whorl is damaged. Whorl height ________ H Measured along radial line 

where diameter is measured. Taken on top of 

ribs on all forms. 

Whorl breadth ______ B Measured at same place as 

H. Taken on top of ribs 

but not including prominent umbilical bullae. 

Ratio of whorl breadth B/H 

to whorl height. 

Width of umbilicus ___ Um Measured in millimeters and 

also expressed as percent 

of diameter. 

Abbreviations.-CAS, California Academy of Sciences, 

San Francisco, Calif.; GSC, Geological Survey of Canada; LSJU, Leland Stanford, Jr. University, Stanford, 

Calif.; ANSP, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; UC, University of California, at Berkeley; UCR, 

University of California, at Riverside; UO, University 

of Oregon, at Eugene; USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; 

USNM, U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. 

MATERIAL STUDIED 

Examples of Leconteite8 and Brewericeras were studied 

from nearly all known occurrences in the Pacific 

coast region of North America. Figured specimens 

were selected from four localities: Ruling Creek in 

northern California, where Gabb's and Anderson's 

types were obtained; near Mitchell, in central Oregon, 

where abundant specimens of Leconteites collected from 

throughout a very small stratigraphic interval reveal a 

nearly complete sequence of intergrading morphologic 

types; the Queen Charlotte Islands, B.C.; and southern 

Alaska. Specimens of Leconteites deansi (Whiteaves) 

from southern Alaska have recently been adequately 

figured by Imlay (1960), so only one specimen from 

that locality is illustrated in this report. 

Approximate numbers from each general locality are 

tabulated as follows: (These include specimens in 

the collections of the U.S. Geol. Survey, Menlo Park; 

the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco; 

and the University of California at Riverside and Los 

Angeles). 

Leconteites Leconteites Brewericeras 

deansi lecontei hulenense 

Southern Alaska________________________ 300 -------------- 100+ 

Northern California ____________________ -------------- 200 200+ 

Central California ______________________ -------------- 100+ 100+ 

Central Oregon _________________________ -------------- 200 -------------- Queen Charlotte Islands t ______________ -------------- 15 80 

t Specimens from Queen Charlotte Islands are regarded as a new subspecies of L. 

lecontei. 

STRATIGRAPHIC POSITION AND AGE OF LECONTEITES 

AND BREWERICERAS 

In the following summary, brief descriptions are given 

of the stratigraphic succession of beds containing 

Leconteiteslecontei, L. deansi, and Brewericeras hulenense 

in the Ono area, northern California; near Mitchell in 

central Oregon; in Skidegate Inlet and Beresford Bay 

in the Queen Charlotte Islands; and in the upper 

Chitina Valley area in southern Alaska. Other areas 

are known where either or both genera occur, but the 

stratigraphic relations and faunal associations are best 

known and developed in the areas described. 

ONO AREA 

The beds in the vicinity of Ono have been studied 

by Gabb (1864, 1869), by Anderson (1938), and by 

Murphy (1956; in Murphy and Rodda, 1960; Murphy 

and others, 1964). This area contains one of the most 

continuous and richly fossiliferous sequences of Lower 

Cretaceous beds known on the west coast of North 

America. It has been the source of most of the stratigraphic nomenclature and serves as the local standard 

of reference for this region. Aptian and Albian beds 

are particularly fossiliferous, and a great number of 

described species were first collected there. These beds 

are well exposed along Ruling Creek and along the 

East Fork of Ruling Creek (fig. 1), where some of the 

specimens described in this report were obtained. 

The Leconteites lecontei zone overlies the Acanthohoplites reesidei zone on and near Huling Creek and 
F4 CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

122°.37' R. 6 W. 122°36' 

T. 30 N. 

40°28' 

Fossil localities 

Mappable bed 

0 1000 2000 FEET 

FIGURE 1.-Index map of the Ono area, northern California, showing generalized geology and University of 

California at Riverside localities from which specimens of Leconteites and Brewericeras were obtained. 

ranges through about 270 feet of dominantly darkgray siltstone and mudstone which contains abundant 

limestone concretions (fig. 2). Throughout this thickness, but especially in the upper half, Leconteites 

lecontei s. s. is abundant and shows a wide range of 

morphologic variation. Three groups, each containing 

several specimens, were selected from the lower, the 

middle, and the upper part of the zone to show that 

throughout its known range, the species exhibits a 

similar degree of morphologic variation. From the 

lower part of the zone, illustrated specimens were 

obtained from UCR localities 347, 359, and 435; 

from the middle part, from UCR localities 89 and 358; 

and from the upper part, from UCR localities 164, 

460, and 463. 

Other ammonites associated with Leconteites lecontei 

in the Ono area are: 

Silesites puzosiaformis Anderson 

Ptychoceras laeve (Gabb) 

Hypophylloceras californicum (Anderson) 

Tetragonites sp. 

Douvilleiceras cf. D. mammillatum (Schlotheim) 

Anagaudryceras gainesi (Anderson) 

A. aurarium (Anderson) 

A. cf. A. sacya (Forbes) 

As pointed out by Popenoe, Imlay, and Murphy 

(1960, p. 1509), this assemblage is undoubtedly of early 

or middle Albian age. An early Albian age is favored 

because it overlies beds containing Acanthohoplites, which 

ranges from late Aptian to early Albian, and is overlain 

by beds having abundant Douvilleiceras cf. D. mammillatum, of probable late early Albian age. The zone of 

Leconteites lecontei is correlative with at least part of the 

Leymeriella tardejurcata zone (see Wright, in Arkell and 

others, 1957, p. L128) of the European Albian, but a 

precise correlation is not possible. 

The Leconteites lecontei zone on and near Ruling 

Creek is overlain by slightly calcareous silty sandstone 

in which Brewericeras hulenense and other fossils are 

abundant. About 10 feet of barren beds intervene 

between the highest occurrence of L. lecontei and the 

lowest occurrence of B. hulenense, but deposition was 

probably nearly continuous and only a relatively short 

time interval is represented by the barren beds. 

The Brewericeras hulenense zone on and near Ruling 

Creek is restricted to a single 10-foot-thick bed of sandy 

and pebbly mudstone. This bed may represent a 

submarine mudflow as it shows no internal bedding and 

the clasts have no preferred orientation. A few miles to 

the northeast near the old mining camp of Rorsetown, a 

much greater thickness of strata, composed of poorly 

sorted sandstone, also represents the Brewericeras 
LOWER CRETACEOUS AMMONITE GENERA F5 

Huling 

Creek 

West branch of 

East Fork of 

Huling Creek 

East Fork 

of Huling 

Creek 

Composite EXPLANATION 

section 

1000, 402, 34 70, 98, 1000 h 

164 

463 460 463 

164 

402,}34 

460 ·~ 

c 

~ 

~ § 

N 

"" 

~ 

~ 

~ 

~ ~ ;z ~ 

~ ~ l::q~ ~ 

Sandstone, pebbly, limy, 

and muddy; locally 

con t a i n s a b u n d a n t 

fossil wood 

~ 

~ 

c:::: = = --+-,....,......,~------ 358 ~...;,;~~89 - ------f.'-.....,.,..,..;.,:....:.j 

Siltstone and mudstone, 

dark gray, contains 

limestone concretions 

435 

463 

Numbers refer to fossil 

locality 

FEET 

80 

40 

0 

FIGURE 2.-Generalized diagrammatic columnar sections showing stratigraphic position of fossil localities 

in the Ono area from which specimens of Leconteites and Brewericeras were obtained. 

hulenense zone, and it is possible that the bed exposed 

at Huling Creek was derived from that area. 

Other fossils associated with B. hulenense are: 

Douvilleiceras cf. D. mammillatum (Schlotheim) 

D. restitutum? Anderson 

Puzosia subquadrata (Anderson) 

Desmoceras merriami (Anderson) 

Hypacanthoplites sp.= Parahoplites stantoni Anderson (halotype, not small specimen figured by Anderson, 1938, pl. 

36, fig. 2) 

H ypophylloceras californicum (Anderson) 

Jauberticeras cf. J. michelianum (d'Orbigny) 

A nagaudryceras gainesi (Anderson) 

A. aurarium (Anderson) 

Tetragonites sp. 

In addition, the lowest beds of this zone on Huling 

Creek contain a few specimens intermediate in character 

between Brewericeras and Leconteites. 

The Brewericeras hulenense zone is probably about 

equivalent to the Douvilleiceras mammillatum zone of 

European usage (see Wright, in Arkell and others, 1957, 

p. L128) and is assigned a late early Albian age. 

Overlying the Brewericeras hulenense zone is 200 feet 

of barren siltstone, followed by a thin zone containing 

Oxytropidoceras packardi Anderson and associated 

fauna of probable middle Albian age. 

CENTRAL OREGON 

The sedimentary sequence of Albian age near 

Mitchell, central Oregon, consists of about 4,700 feet 

of mudstone, siltstone, and a minor amount of sandstone, which rests unconformably on Permian metasedimentary rocks (McKnight, 1964). The oldest 

fossil known is Leconteis leconteites. s. which occurs at 

many localities near the base of the sequence. These 

lower beds, in turn, are overlain by strata of the 

Brewericeras hulenense zone. As yet no detailed biostratigraphic studies have been carried out in the 

Mitchell area, and the thickness of strata included in 

these two zones is unknown. 

The Leconteites beds have furnished more prolific and 

better preserved fossil collections than have the 

Brewericeras beds, and only specimens from the former 

are figured in this report. In order to avoid complexities due to time or facies differences, numerous specimens from the richest locality were first analyzed and 

the range of variation of what was considered to be a 

sample of a single ammonite population was established. 

Specimens from other localities were then compared to 

the control sample and differences or similarities noted. 

The specimens from the control sample were obtained 
F6 CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

from a bed of concretionary limestone nodules ranging 

from an inch to a foot or more in thickness interbedded 

with gray mudstone. This locality, consisting of 

separate collections numbered USGS Mesozoic locality 

26262, 26378, M 2284, and UO 4082, is exposed north 

of the old Frizzell ranchhouse in sec. 3, T. 11 S., R. 22 

E.; it is designated locality· A in figure 3. Most of the 

figured specimens from Oregon were obtained from this 

locality, but a few are from equivalent nearby strata. 

The exact locality of two figured specimens from USGS 

Mesozoic locality 15801 is uncertain. 

Because of minor structural complexities, lack of 

key beds, and widely scattered fossil-collecting localities, 

it has not been possible to arrange all the specimens of 

Leconteites lecontei from Mitchell in precise stratigraphic order and demonstrate that the range of variation is constant, or nearly so, throughout the vertical 

range of the species. It could be argued that the wide 

range of morphologic variation shown by the specimens 

from locality A was the result of mixing together, in a 

condensed deposit, fossils of widely differing ages. 

This argument can be readily countered, for the species 

show virtually the same wide range in variation at 

every locality known, and specimens from the stratigraphically controlled sequence of Ruling Creek, Calif., 

are figured to further document this variation. 

QUEEN CHARLOTTE ISLANDS 

Albian beds are best and most continuously exposed 

along the north shore of Skidegate Inlet (fig. 4) and 

I 

I 

I 

I r.11 s.f--

1 

I 

I 

I 

N 

4 

R. 22 E. 

I; 

I; 

I! 

II 

II It u 0 465 

~I X Locality A 

/:1 ~.y--=======~ 

I; "'-;;.~'/'/ ~'==='! I~,-;;.-;;.-;;." 3 I 

~v 1 

i'/ I I 

// 1 Old Frizzell Ranch I " ====~\~==b=r---------- \, ~ I I ,, ~ 

1

(, '\, I I 

\\ II '\ \\ I Area of I I\ II I report 0 

II \1 1 

'(, 9 \,I I II 1\~ 

II 1'/1 I ~ ,~ I II \\ 

\\ I 

I II 0 1 MILE 

:: I l ____ jL_ ______________ ~ I 

FIGURE 3.-Index map of Mitchell area, central Oregon, showing location of University of Oregon locality 465 and locality 

A (which includes USGS Mesozoic locs. 15801, 26262, 26378, 

M 2284, and UO loc. 4082). 

V FOSSIL LOCALITIES 

X 

Leconte1:tes lecontei 

whiteavesi 

DIXON ENTRANCE 

5 0 

FIGURE 4.-Index map of Graham Island, Queen Charlotte 

Islands, B.C., showing localities where specimens of Brewericeras hulenense and Leconteites lecontei whiteavesi n. subsp. 

were obtained. 

nearby islands (Whiteaves, 1876). Study of the fossils 

from this sequence is in progress by F. H. McLearn, 

of the Geological Survey of Canada, and by D. L. Jones, 

who recently collected from this region. 

The basal Albian beds in Skidegate Inlet contain 

Brewericeras hulenense and other species, but Leconteites 

is unknown. This absence is puzzling, as Whiteaves 

(1893, p. 441) reported that the type specimen of L. 

deansi was obtained from Skidegate Inlet. Leconteites 

is known from the north end of Graham Island at Beresford Bay, but these specimens appear to be closer to 

L. lecontei than to L. deansi. 

In Skidegate Inlet, Brewericeras hulenense occurs with 

the following species: 

Cleoniceras sp. 

Douvilleiceras spp. 

Grantziceras sp. 

Arcthoplites belli McLearn 

Puzosia alaskana Imlay 

Anagaudryceras sp. 

Parasilesites sp. 

Tetragonites sp. 

This assemblage shows similarities to that of the 

Brewericeras hulenense zone of California, but also has 

forms that are abundant in southern Alaska and in 

the western interior of Canada. 
LOWER CRETACEOUS AMMONITE GENERA F7 

At Beresford Bay, L. lecontei whiteavesi n. subsp. 

occurs with Aucellina sp., Anagaudryceras cf. A. 

aurarium (Anderson), and Phyllopachyceras sp. 

SOUTHERN ALASKA 

Strata bearing Leconteites and Brewericeras are widespread in the upper Chitina Valley region, southern 

Alaska (fig. 5). Fossils from there have been figured by 

Imlay (1960), and the stratigraphy of the beds in the 

McCarthy A -4 quadrangle was described by Jones and 

Berg (1964). 

Leconteites deansi occurs near the base of the Cretaceous sedimentary sequence (fig. 6) in association with 

the following forms, among others (see Imlay, 1960, 

p. 91): 

Moffitites robustus Imlay 

Kennicottia bifurcata Imlay 

Anagaudryceras aurarium (Anderson) 

Phyllopachyceras cf. P. shastalense (Anderson) 

Calliphylloceras cf. C. aldersoni (Anderson) 

Ptychoceras cf. P. laeve (Gabb) 

A ucellina sp. 

As shown in the columnar section (fig. 6), Mojjitites 

robustus and Leconteites deansi are restricted to the basal 

sandstone unit in the Fohlin Creek area. In shale a 

few feet above the top of the sandstone, a single specimen of Leconteites having well-developed umbilical 

bullae was found associated with Aucellina. This 

specimen is referred to L. lecontei. The upper beds of 

this shale and siltstone unit contain scarce specimens 

of Brewericeras. Elsewhere in the upper Chitina Valley, 

beds of the Brewericeras hulenense zone are present and 

abundantly fossiliferous (Jones and Berg, 1964). 

Associated with B. hulenense are (see also Imlay, 1960, 

p. 91): 

Phyllopachyceras chitinanum Imlay 

Hypophylloceras cf. H. californicum (Anderson) 

Calliphylloceras nizinanum Imlay 

Anagaudryceras cappsi (Imlay) 

Tetragonites sp. 

Puzosia alaskana Imlay 

Valdedorsella? whiteavesi Imlay 

Desmoceras sp. juv. 

Parasilesites bullatus Imlay 

P. irregularis Imlay 

Hulenites cf. H. reesidei (Anderson) 

Cleoniceras overbecki Imlay 

Arcthoplites belli McLearn 

Arcthoplites talkeetnanus (Imlay) 

143°40' 20' 20' 61°40'~----~--------------~--------------~-------------.-----------r~---.--------------, 40' 

5 0 5 10 15 MILES 

·~ ~ i.l.! 

.~/ '.•' 

61°00' L-----~--------------~--------------_L ______________ _L ______________ ~---------------

FIGURE 5.-Index map of the upper Chitina Valley, southern Alaska. 
F8 CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

FEET 

50 

25 

0 

VERTICAL 

SCALE 

. ., 

~ 

~ <:.,) 

~ ::I 

. 

~ ., 

~ 

"1-> 

~ . ., 0 

<:.,) a:! 

~ § ~ ~ 

"1j 

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~ 

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. ., 

~ 

s 

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~ 

~ 

.... 

I 

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ci. 

VI 

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. 

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Conglomerate; contains large blocks 

of Triassic rocks more than 10 feet 

thick and reworked nod1,.1les from 

base of formation 

Siltstone, dark-gray, sandy; contains 

scattered calcareous concretions 

and lenticular beds of limestone 

Shale, silty; contains numerous large 

light-gray-weathering calcareous 

concretions; lower part weathers 

reddish, rusty brown; upper part 

weathers gray 

Sandstone, fine- to medium-grained, 

gray; weathers pinkish to orange 

brown; contains many calcareous 

nodules in which Aucellina sp. and 

ammonites are very abundant 

Unconformity 

1------1 McCarthy Formation (Triassic) 

FIGURE 6.-Generalized composite columnar section, Fohlin 

Creek area, upper Chitina Valley, southern Alaska, showing 

ranges of early Albian fossils. 

Grantz~ceras glabrum (Whiteaves) 

G. affine (Whiteaves) 

Douvilleiceras cf. D. mammillatum (Schlotheim) 

Freboldiceras singulare Imlay 

This fauna is of particular importance as it contains a 

mixture of species known from the western interior of 

Canada along with those known from the Pacific 

faunal realm. In particular, Grantziceras ( =Beudanticeras of authors) glabrum and G. affine, Arcthoplites belli, 

and Freboldiceras are abundant in Albian deposits in 

the Rocky Mountain foothills of western Canada. Apparently the connection between these two provinces was 

through northern Alaska, as Grantziceras occurs in several 

places in the Alaskan Arctic (Imlay, 1961, p. 57). 

The farthest known southern penetration of elements 

of this interior fauna is the Queen Charlotte Islands. 

Specimens of B. hulenense from USGS Mesozoic 

locality M1337 (fig. 5) are shown on plate 10. 

EVOLUTIONARY SEQUENCE 

The postulated evolutionary sequence of Leconteites 

and Brewericeras is shown in figure 7. L. deansi is 

considered to be the oldest representative of the genus 

and to have given rise to L. lecontei through emphasis 

of umbilical bullae. Ancestors of Leconteites have not 

yet been recognized. The change from Leconteites to 

Brewericeras was effected by the loss of umbilical bullae, 

simplification of ribbing, a tendency for excentric 

growth, and the development of a more deeply incised 

and interlocking suture. No descendants of Brewericeras have been recognized. 

w 

B. breweri 

r 

I 

I "· I 

~ --

i= Simplification of ribbing I 

and loss of umbilical,.- J., 

bullae /"" ', 

I L. lecontei \ 

~ // \ L. sacramenticus :o ... ~ ', T 

~ _,.,."'"' ~ '................ / ~ Approximate position t ./Dev~l~pment of 1 

a> of L. lecontei _r_ .... umblllcal bullae '/ 

€ whiteavesi /'"" ', 1 

~ / '\ '\/ 11 L. deansi ' t • 

,,."" ',, II 

,;; '~ --- ........ __ Compressed whorl having Inflated whorl having 

fine ornamentation ---+---coarse ornamentation 

FIGURE 7.-Postulated evolutionary sequence of Leconteites and 

Brewericeras. Bell-shaped curves represent hypothetical adult 

populations that show a wide range in morphologic variation. 
LOWER CRETACEOUS AMMONITE GENERA F9 

Because of the close affinities of Leconteites and 

Brewericeras, their differentiation by Wright (1957) 

into two different families, Hoplitidae (subfamily? 

Cleoniceratinae) for the former and Desmoceratidae 

(subfamily Beudanticeratinae) for the latter, cannot be 

maintained. Both forms are herein referred to the 

family Desmoceratidae, subfamily Beudanticeratinae. 

SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS 

Family DESMOCERATIDAE 

Subfamily BEUDANTICERATIN AE 

Genus LECONTEITES Casey 

1954. Leconteites, Casey, Washington Acad. Sci. Jour., v. 44, 

no. 4, p. 110. 

Type species (by original designation) .--Desmoceras 

lecontei Anderson, 1902. 

Synonomy.-Puzosigella Casey, 1954, ider11. 

REVISED GENERIC DESCRIPTION 

Shell small to moderate in size, compressed to moderately inflated, and ratio of whorl breadth to whorl height 

ranges from about 0.52 to more than 1.10. Umbilicus 

moderately narrow, ranging from 17 to 30 percent of 

diameter, with umbilical wall vertical to subvertical and 

shoulder abruptly rounded or angular on compressed 

specimens. Ornamentation consists of flexed primary 

ribs that arise singly on umbilical wall (pl. 6, fig. 16) or 

that spring singly in pairs or in bundles from umbilical 

bullae (pls. 3 and 4). Ribs project forward on ventrolateral area and tend to weaken and disappear on 

ventral shoulder; secondary ribs split off from primary 

ribs above midflank, and some intercalate freely between primary ribs; constrictions variably developed or 

absent, and peripheral collars characteristic of desmocerids are present on some specimens. Suture line 

consists of massive asymetrically bifid first lateral 

saddle, irregularly trifid and deep first lateral lobe; thin 

and shallow second lateral lobe; and auxiliary saddles 

that descend obliquely to umbilical seam. 

Puzosigella is herein regarded as a subjective synonym of Leconteites because the characters that separate 

the generic type Pachydiscus sacramenticus from L. 

lecontei are deemed to be, at most, of only specific 

importance. The main differences shown by P. sacramenticus are a more rounded umbilical shoulder and the 

lack of umbilical tubercles at a late growth stage. 

Other species assigned to Puzosigella by both Casey and 

Imlay clearly intergrade with L. lecontei; however, 

among our specimens from Oregon, none were found that 

are similar to P. sacramenticus so it cannot be proved 

that that intergrading plexus ever produced the form of 

the typical Puzosigella. Among the California collections, a few specimens similar to P. sac.ramenticus are 

776--689 0--65--2 

known, but these likewise cannot be demonstrated to 

intergrade with L. lecontei. It seems likely that the 

sacramenticus form is simply an extremely scarce 

product of the L. lecontei strain and thus could be repressed as a nominal species, but in the absence of definite proof of this relationship, we permit the species to 

stand as Leconteites sacramenticus but suppress Puzosigella as an unnecessary proliferation. 

Leconteites deansi (Whiteaves), which is closely allied 

to L. lecontei, differs from that species also by lacking 

well-developed umbilical tubercles at all growth stages 

(see Imlay, 1960, p. 109, pl. 19, figs. 7-14). In other 

morphologic features, such as general whorl shape, 

nature of ribbing, and suture line, these three specieslecontei, sacramentica, and deansi-are similar, and they 

form a closely related group to which the generic name 

Leconteites is applicable. 

Leconteites lecontei (Anderson) s. s. 

Plate 1, figures 1-3, 6-11, 13-22; plate 2, figures 1-8, lD-14, 

17, 21; plate 3; plate 4; plate 5; plate 11,. figures 4-6; and 

text figures 8-13. 

1902. Desmoceras lecontei Anderson, California Acad. Sci. Proc., 

v. 2, no. 1, p. 95, pl. 3, figs. 94, 95; pl. 10, fig. 190. 

1916. Sonneratia rogersi Hall and Ambrose, Nautilus, v. 30, 

p. 69, 70. 

1929. Sonneratia rogersi Hall and Ambrose. Wiedey, Nautilus, 

v. 44, p. 25, pl. 2, fig. 2. 

1938. Cleoniceras lecontei (Anderson). Anderson, Geol. Soc. 

America Spec. Paper 16, p. 192, pl. 38, fig. 4; pl. 47, 

figs. 3, 4. 

1938. Cleoniceras modestum Anderson [in part], idem, p. 193, 

pl. 50, figs. 3, 4. 

1938. Sonneratia mulleri Anderson, idem, p. 195, pl. 51, fig. 4; 

pl. 54, figs. 3, 4. 

1938. Sonneratia tajfi Anderson, idem, p. 194, 195, pl. 49, figs. 

4, 5. 

1954. Leconteites lecontei (Anderson). Casey, Washington Acad. 

Sci. Jour., v. 44, no. 4, p. 110. 

1954. Puzosigella mulleri (Anderson). Casey, idem. 

1954. Puzosigella tajfi (Anderson). Casey, idem. 

1954. Puzosigella rogersi (Anderson). Casey, idem. 

1960. Leconteites lecontei (Anderson). Imlay, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 354-D, p. 109, pl. 19, figs. 1-3. 

1960. Leconteites modestus (Anderson). Imlay, idem, p. 109, 

pl. 19, figs. 4-6. 

1960. Puzosigella cf. P. rogersi (Hall and Ambrose). Imlay, 

idem, p. 108, pl. 19, figs. 33-35. 

1938. [not] Cleoniceras modestum Anderson, Geol. Soc. America 

Spec. Paper 16, pl. 50, fig. 2 (CAS holotype 8870), 

1938. [not] Sonneratia perrinsmithi Anderson, idem, pl. 51. 

fig. 6 (CAS paratype 8883). 

Leconteites lecontei s. s. shows an extreme range of 

morphologic variation and the named "species" cited 

above are merely variants within an intergrading 

series. Nearly all morphologic features, such as 

whorl shape, width of umbilicus, and strength of 

ornamentation are variable, and few specimens are 

identical. 
FlO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

The whorl section varies progressively from compressed (B/H ratio of 0.50-0.60) to inflated (B/H ratio 

of 0.90 to more than 1.0); the compressed forms have 

flat convergent flanks, an abruptly rounded venter that 

tends to be flattened, a narrow steplike umbilicus (equal 

to 20-25 percent of the diameter) that has vertical 

umbilical walls and an angular umbilical margin and 

inconspicuous umbilical bullae and fine ribs. In forms 

having a more inflated whorl section, the flanks and 

venter are more rounded, the umbilicus is wider (equal 

to 26 to more than 30 percent of the diameter), has 

sloping walls and a rounded shoulder, and the umbilical 

bullae are larger and the ribs coarser (fig. 8). Every 

transitional stage can be observed between the compressed forms and the inflated forms, and no natural 

subdivisions into two or more categories can be established on the basis of whorl proportions or strength of 

ornamentation (figs. 9, and 10 and following measurements). Of a sample of 38 measurable specimens from 

locality A in central Oregon, about 8 percent have a 

B/H ratio between 0.50 and 0.59, 60 percent have a 

ratio between 0.60 and 0.79, and 32 percent have a ratio 

of 0.80 or greater. These proportions are probably 

FIGURE 8.-Cross sections of Leconteites lecontei s. s. from locality 

A, central Oregon. Figure A, hypotype, USNM 121525a; 

weakly ribbed form (X 3). Figure B, hypotype, USNM 

121525b, moderately ribbed form (X 3). 

greatly influenced by collecting failures and perhaps by 

unknown sorting influences, but a general impression 

given by all known collections is that the extremely 

inflated forms with a B/H ratio of 1.00 or greater are 

scarce. 

Ornamentation consists of bundled ribs that spring 

obliquely forward from umbilical bullae, although some 

bullae bear only single ribs, and an occasional rib rises 

freely on the lower part of the flank. Small umbilical 

bullae first appear at a diameter of about 3 mm; at a 

whorl height about 4 mm, faint ribs extend obliquely 

from these across the flank. The ribs have a falcate 

course across the flanks, project strongly forward on 

the outer flank, and tend to weaken on both the lower 

flank and the venter. Secondary ribs bifurcate from 

the main ribs near or above midflank or are intercalated 

freely between primary ribs on the outer third of the 

flanks. The number of secondary ribs per primary rib 

is highly variable. Finely ribbed compressed forms 

may have five or more secondary ribs, and more coarsely 

ribbed inflated forms may have only one or two. Constrictions are present on some specimens and absent on 

others. Because some individuals have constrictions 

only during a particular growth stage, no particular 

taxonomic significance can be placed on their presence 

or absence. 

A progressive series of changes in ornamentation can 

be traced from finely ribbed forms (for example, pl. 3, 

figs. 1-3) to very coarsely ribbed forms (pl. 4, figs. 

33-35), and clearly defined, distinct groups within this 

series cannot be delimited. The specimens illustrated 

on plates 3 and 4 are arranged so that their progressive 

changes can be traced step-by-step. On plate 3, 

ornamentation becomes coarser from the upper lefthand corner to the lower right-hand corner; on plate 4, 

the ornamentation becomes coarser from top to bottom. 

Umbilical bullae on finely ribbed forms are indistinct 

swellings along the umbilical margin. On coarsely 

ribbed forms, umbilical bullae are very prominent. On 

some specimens (pl. 3, fig. 45), early whorls are bullate 

but later whorls have only indistinct swellings along the 

umbilical shoulder. Most specimens of L.lecontei, however, show some indication of umbilical bullae, however 

faint, in contrast to L. deansi (Whiteaves), in which 

they are only rarely and weakly developed. 

The suture lines of L. lecontei s. s. are shown in figures 

11-13. No essential difference is seen between the 

suture of the compressed form (figs. 11, 12) and that of 

the more inflated form (fig. 13). The ventral lobe is 

broad and has a low bifid saddle; the first lateral lobe 

is wide, very deep, and trifid; the first saddle is massive, 

high, and bifid; the second lateral lobe is narrow and 

shallow; auxiliary saddles rapidly decrease in size and 

descend abruptly to the umbilical seam. 
(/) 

0::: 

w 

1-

IJJ 

~ 

:::i 

...J 

~ 

~ 

r: 

I 

(!) 

w 

I 

...J 

0::: 

0 

I 

~ 

LOWER CRETACEOUS AMMONITE GENERA 

35~------------~~------------~~------------~~-------------,l-------------, 

30 1-

25-

20 -

15 1-

10-

5-

• 

• 

• 

• • 

08871 

• • • 

• • • • 88690 • 

• • / 

/ . . 1 • 1 886~ 08864 

~~ I 

I• 8872 I• • 0.12100 • o • I •

1

1 • a• • • 8884 I 7 0 

I I / .. ,l 

I / 

;. / 

I • / 

I ;

1 

s I • • ~ I I .... A 

I I 

I I 

I I 

I 1 

I i • I 

I 1 

I 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 8858 

0 

• 

• 

• 

8859 

0 

• 

12093 

0 

8857 

0 

-

-

-

-

-

-

0

L_ _____________ IL_ _____________ L_I _____________ L_I _____________ L_I ____________ ~ 

0 5 10 15 20 25 

WHORL BREADTH, IN MILLIMETERS 

FIGURE 9.-Scatter diagram showing relation of whorl height to whorl breadth in Leconteites lecontei s. s. Black 

dots are specimens from locality A, central Oregon. Triangles and dashed lines connect measurements of 

single specimens from this same locality. Open circles refer to Anderson's type specimens. Squares are 

selected specimens from northern California. 

Fll 
F12 CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

(/) 

z 10 UJ 

::!! 

u 

UJ 

a... 

(/) 

u.. 

0 

c::: 

UJ 

cc 

::!! 

::::> 

z 

<0.50 0.50-0.59 0.60-0.69 0.70-0.79 0.80-0.89 0.90-0.99 1.00+ 

RATIO OF WHORL BREADTH TO WHORL HEIGHT 

FIGURE 10.-Bar graph showing frequency distribution of ratio 

of whorl breadth to whorl height for specimens -of Leconteites 

lecontei s. s. from locality A, central Oregon. 

FIGURE 11.-Suture line of finely ribbed specimen of 

Leconteites lecontei s. s., hypotype, USNM 121499 

from USGS Mesozoic locality 15801. Specimen 

figured on plate 3, figures 42-44 (X 3). 

FIGURE 12.-Suture line of weakly ribbed example of Leconteites 

lecontei s. s. Hypotype USNM 121490 from USGS Mesozoic 

locality 26262. Specimen figured on plate 3, figures 13-15 

(X 5Yz). 

Two specimens referred by Anderson to species herein 

regarded in part as synonyms of L. lecontei do not belong 

to this species. The holotype of Cleoniceras modestum 

Anderson (1938, pl. 50, fig. 2; CAS 8870) has widely 

spaced falcate ribs, slightly inflated convergent flanks, 

a narrow umbilicus having a steep wall, and a narrowly 

FIGURE 13.-Suture line of moderately ribbed example of 

Leconteites lecontei s. s. Hypotype, USNM 121503 from 

University of Oregon locality 465; specimen figured on plate 

4, figures 9-11 (X 3%). 

rounded venter. This form is fairly close to Beudanticeras newtoni Casey (see Casey, 1961, p. 147). The 

other specimen, a paratype (CAS 8883) of Sonneratia 

perrinsmithi (pl. 1, figs. 4, 5, and 12), has perisphinctid 

ribbing consisting of primary ribs that rise on the 

umbilical wall, project obliquely forward on the lower 

flank, bend slightly backward at midflank, and split 

on the outer flank into two or three secondary ribs 

that cross the venter with only a very slight forward 

projection and without a tendency to weaken at midventer. Periodic weak sinuous constrictions are also 

present. The proper generic placement of this f-orm 

is not clear, and no additional specimens are known to 

the writers. 

Measurements, in millimeters, of selected groups of specimens from 

California and from USGS Mesozoic locality 26262, central Oregon 

[Whorl height and breadth data are plotted in fig. 9] 

Ratio of 

Whorl Whorl Ratio of Width of width of 

Specimen Diameter height breadth breadth wnbilicus wnbilicus to height to diamete 

(percent) 

Figured specimens from central Oregon 

USNM 121488 ________ 15 7 5. 9 0.85 3 20 

121487-------- 20 10 7 . 70 5.5 27.5 121501_ _______ 15 7 6.3 .90 5 33 

121486_ ------- 22 11.5 6. 7 .58 4.6 21 121489 ________ 24 11.8 9 • 76 7 29 

32 14.6 12 .82 8.4 26 121490 ________ 32 14 9.3 .66 6 19 121491_ _______ 27 12.5 8.8 . 70 5. 7 21 121492 ________ 26 13.5 8.6 .64 6 23 

121493_ ------- 40 18.8 12 . 64 8. 7 22 121498 ________ 36 15 14 . 93 10 28 

121496_ ------- 29 12 9.3 . 77 7.6 26 

121497-------- ---------- 12 9 . 75 ---------- ------------ 121495 ________ 26 12 7 .58 6 23 121494 ________ 30 13 10 . 77 7.6 25 121525a _______ 20 9 7. 5 .83 7 35 

5 2 3.8 1.8 ---------- ------------ 8 3 4 1.3 ---------- ------------ 12 6.4 5. 5 .86 3.5 29 

30.4 14.6 10.5 . 72 6.9 23 121525b _______ ---------- 6.6 4.5 . 68 ---------- ------------ ---------- 2. 7 3.0 1.1 ---------- ------------ ---------- 13 8 6.1 ---------- ------------ 33 15.5 9. 7 . 63 7 21 

47 21 -------- ---------- 12 25.5 

121507-------- 47 21 -------- ---------- 12 25.5 121506 ________ 33 15.7 11.5 . 73 8. 5 25.5 

121505_ ------- ---------- 16 14.4 . 90 ---------- ------------ 121504 ________ 29 12 10.5 .88 9 31 121503 ________ 22 10 8 .so 8 36 121502 ________ 34 15.8 10.6 .67 7. 7 22.5 121508 ________ 29 13 11.5 .88 8 27.5 121509 ________ 40 19.5 13 . 66 10 25 

---------- 31 18 . 58 ------------ 121510 ________ 30 12.5 11 .88 9 .30 121512 ________ ---------- 17 18 1. 06 ---------- ------------ 121499_ ------- ---------- 16.5 13.6 .82 ---------- ------------
LOWER CRETACEOUS AMMONITE GENERA Fl3 

Mea~urem_ents, in millimeters, of selected groups of specimens from 

Californw and from USGS Mesozoic locality ·26262 central 

Oregon-Continued ' 

Specimen 

Ratio of 

Whorl Whorl Ratio of Width of width of 

Diameter height breadth breadth umbilicus umbilicus to height to diameter 

(percent) 

Unnumbered specimens from central Oregon 

!_ ________ ------------- 52 23 

2_--- ----------------- 39 18 3 ______ ---------------- 20 10 

4_-------------------- 38 18 5 ______ ---------------- 36 16 6 ______ ---------------- 33 16 

7---------------------- 25 12 8 ______ ---------------- 15 8.4 9 _________ ------------- 40 18.6 10 ______ --------------- 35 16.5 

18.5 0. 80 13.4 . 74 6. 8 .68 12 .67 11 .69 10 .63 8. 6 . 72 5. 5 .66 14 . 75 11.5 . 70 

13.6 

10 

4.6 

8 

9 

7. 5 

5. 5 

3 

10 

7. 5 

26 

26 

23 

21 

25 

23 

22 

20 

25 

21.5 

Anderson's figured specimens of Leconteites spp. and Puzosigella sp. 

CAS 8858_ --------- 41 16 15.3 0. 97 13 31.5 8859 __________ 43 18 17.5 .97 12 28 8864 __________ 36 14 12 .85 11 30.5 8857 __________ 63 24.5 23 . 93 19 30 uc 12093_-------- 62 32 21 .66 13 21 CAS 8868 __________ 59 26 118 .69 14 23.5 887L _________ 42 18 12 .67 10 24 8869 __________ 35 16 12.5 . 78 7 20 uc 12100_-------- 1100 45 36 .80 31 31 

CAS 12.6 11.5 . 91 8866 __________ ---------- ------------ 33 14 11.7 .83 10 33 8884 __________ 29 11.7 11 . 94 9 31 8872_--------- 28 12.7 8.4 .66 6 21.5 unnumbered_ 39 18 14 . 78 9 23 

Figured specimens of Leconteites lecontei from Holing Creek 

USNM 121523 ________ ---------- 121521________ 41.7 

121517-------- 27 121515________ 18 121514________ 19 

121519________ 42 121522________ 50 121524________ 44 121520________ 30 121516________ 23 121518 ________ ----------

I About. 

12 

16 

12.7 

7.6 

8 

20 

20.9 

19 

13 

9 

12.6 

10 

13 

8 

7 

6 

14 

17.5 

13 

10 

10.8 

12.5 

0.83 

. 81 

.64 

.92 

. 75 

. 70 

. 87 

.68 

.77 

1.20 

.99 

12 24 5. 9 22 5.8 32 5 26.5 9 21.5 13. 7 27.5 11 25 7. 5 25 8 35 

Measurements of selected groups of specimens are 

shown above and whorl height and breadth data are 

plotted in figure 9. Measured and illustrated specimens from Oregon include only those from locality A 

of figure 3; specimens from California were selected 

from three stratigraphic levels (fig. 2), near the base, 

the middle, and the top of the Leconteites-bearing 

sequence on Ruling Creek. Several specimens from 

each level were chosen to demonstrate that the full 

range of morphologic variation from compressed to 

inflated forms occurs throughout the known range of 

the species. No attempt is made to thoroughly 

document the complete intergradation at each level 

as this would only duplicate the sequence shown b; 

the Oregon specimens. 

Holotype: VC 12093. 

Type locality: CAS loc. 152, east branch of Ruling Creek, 

northern California. 

Figured specimens: USNM 121486-121510, 121512-121524, 

121525a, b, 121537, CAS 8866, 8884, 8882, 8858, 8857, 8868, 

8872, 8871, 8869, 8864, UC 12093, Stanford Univ. paleont. 

type colin. 511. 

Geologic age: Early Albian, zone of Leconteites lecontei. 

Leconteites lecontei whiteavesi Jones, Murphy, and Packard, 

n. subsp. 

Plate 6, figures 1-9, 12-14; plate 7, figures 1-3 

Specimens of Leconteites from Beresford Bay, Queen 

Charlotte Islands, were recently collected by A. 

Sutherland-Brown, of the British Columbia Department 

of Mines and Petroleum Resources, and made available 

for study through the courtesy of F. H. McLearn of the 

Geological Survey of Canada. These specimens are 

closely related to typical Leconteites lecontei but differ 

by subtle features of ornamentation and by attaining 

a larger size. Although the weakly ornamented forms 

from Queen Charlotte Islands are nearly identical to 

those from California and Oregon (pl. 6, figs. 1-3) 

the more coarsely ribbed forms (pl. 6, figs. 12-14 

pl. 7) have less strongly developed umbilical bullae 

from which primary ribs arise singly rather than in 

bundled pairs; none of the 15 specimens available to 

the writers have strong umbilical bullae, although 

they show a moderate range in variation of strength 

of ribbing. Some of the small specimens or early 

whorls of larger specimens (for example, pl. 6, figs 

12-14) have nearly smooth lower flanks, which is rare 

in typical forms of L. lecontei; they also have a slightly 

more rounded umbilical shoulder. 

The Queen Charlotte Islands specimens also differ from 

Alaskan specimens of Leconteites referred to L. deansi 

The main differences are the presence in the former of 

weak umbilical bullae and the tendency of the ribbing 

on the inner and outer flanks to be clearly separated by 

a band on which rib bing is weak, in contrast to the 

latter, which lacks umbilical bullae and has ribs that 

tend to thicken slightly on the lower or middle flank. 

The specimen shown on plate 7 is the largest example 

of Leconteites known to the writers; it exceeds by more 

than 80 mm the maximum diameter of specimens known 

to us from California or Oregon. This size difference 

may not be specifically important, but it seems worthy 

of note that of the 15 specimens available to us from 

the Queen Charlotte Islands, 6 specimens, or fragments, 

exceed the maximum size known for typical L. lecontei 

This new subspecies is named in honor of J. F. 

Whiteaves, who described many of the Cretaceous 

fossils known from the Queen Charlotte Islands. 

Measurements, in millimeters, of specimens from Queen Charlotte 

Islands 

GSC specimen 

19098---------------

19099_- ------------- 19100_- ------------- 19101_- ------------- 19102_- ------------- 19097---------------

Whorl Whorl Ratio of 

Diameter height breadth breadth 

to height 

40 19 14 17 8 6. 3 23 10. 7 6. 9 33 16.4 11 152 58 46 185 68 59 0. 74 

. 79 

.64 

.67 

. 79 

.87 

Ratio of 

Width of width of 

unbilicus umbilicus 

to diamete 

(percent) 

8 

3. 6 5. 5 

7.4 

46 

63 

20 

21 

24 

22. 

30 

34 
F14 CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

Types: Holotype GSC 19097; paratypes GSC 19098-19102. 

Type locality: GSC loc. 48615, Beresford Bay, Queen Charlotte 

Islands. 

Figured specimens: Types cited above. 

Geologic age: Early Albian. 

Leconteites sacramenticus (Anderson) 

Plate 2, fgures 9, 15, 16, 18-20 

1902. Pachydiscus sacramenticus Anderson, California Acad. Sci 

Proc., v. 2, no. 1, p. 105, pl. 6, figs. 133, 134; pl. 10, 

fig; 105. 

1938. Sonneratia 8acramentica (Anderson). Anderson, Geol. Soc. 

America Spec. Paper 16, p. 195, pl. 49, figs. 1-3. 

1954. Puzosigella sacramentica (Anderson). Casey, Washington 

Acad. Sci. Jour., v. 44, no. 4, p. 110. 

Leconteites sacramenticus, the generic type of Puzosigella, is questionably distinct from Leconteiteslecontei. The 

shell is moderately inflated, has rounded flanks, a 

broadly rounded venter, a moderately wide umbilicus, 

and a steeply sloping umbilical wall. Early whorls, to 

a diameter of 30-35 mm, have prominent pri~ary ribs 

that rise from thickened elongate umbilical bullae and 

that cross the flanks with a gently flexed course. At 

or just above midflank, the primary ribs bifurcate into 

secondary ribs that project moderately forward on the 

outer flank and weaken on the venter. As the shell 

diameter increases, umbilical bullae disappear and ribs 

on the lower flanks weaken progressively so that, on 

large shells, only bundled striae can be seen. Ribbing 

on the outer flank remains fairly strong and projects 

forward, but differentiation into primary and secondary 

ribs is lost. An occasional rib crosses· the venter, but 

most ribs split up into two to five fine striae. Very 

faint spiral lines are on the venter of the holotype, and 

the intersection of these and the transverse striae 

produce a faint reticulate pattern. . 

Leconteites sacramentiC?.Is is a very scarce. form and IS 

known only from Anderson's type specimens. No 

specimens from Oregon exhibit the same combination of 

characteristics, nor can any of the known specimens of 

L. lecontei from H uling Creek be shown to intergrade 

with these forms. We feel that this lack of intergradation is due probably to an insufficient collection of 

specimens, but in the absence of definite proof of this, 

it seems best to regard L. sacramenticus as a distinct 

species. No necessity is seen, however, for. the. ge~us 

Puzosigella, and it is herein considered as a subJective 

synonym of Leconteites. Measurements of the holoty~e 

and paratype are given on page F13 and are shown In 

figure 10. 

Holotype: UC 12100. 

Paratype: CAS 8859. 

Type locality: CAS loc. 152. 

Figured specimens: UC 12100, CAS 8859. 

Geologic range: Probably from Leconteites lecontei zone judging 

from nature of preservation and from Anderson's locality 

information. 

Leconteites deansi (Whiteaves) 

Plate 6, figures 10, 11, 15, 16 

1893. Olcostephanus (Astieria) deansi Whiteaves, Canadian Record Sci., ser. 1, v. 10, sec. 14, p. 442-444, pl. 7, figs. 1, 1a. 

1960. Leconteites deansi (Whiteaves). Imlay, U.S. Geol. Survey 

Prof. Paper 354-D, p. 109, pl. 19, figs. 7-14. 

1960. Leconteites cf. L. deansi (Whiteaves). Imlay, idem, p. 109, 

pl. 19, figs. 15-17. 

1960. Leconteites modestus (Anderson). Imlay, idem, p. 109, 

pl. 19, figs. 4-6. 

1960. Puzosigella cf. P. rogersi (Hall and Ambrose). Imlay, 

idem, p. 109, pl. 19, figs. 33-35. 

Leconteites deansi is very abundant in the lowermost 

Cretaceous beds of the upper Chitina Valley. Recent 

collecting there by Imlay and Jones has sho':n that the 

specimens figured by Imlay (1960) as Puzos~gella cf. P. 

rogersi, L. deansi, L. cf. L. deansi, an~ L. mode~t·us 

actually intergrade and form o.ne van~ble sp~c:es. 

This species differs from L. leconte~ by lacking umbilical 

bullae and by having ribs that rise singly at or near 

the umbilical seam, even on the more coarsely ribbed 

variants. In an occasional specimen, two ribs may join 

near the umbilical shoulder (see Imlay, 1960, pl. 19, 

fig. 20), producing what appears to be a small bu~a 

at the junction. This condition is probably pathologic. 

The ribs tend to become slightly stronger on the lower 

flank before splitting into two or more secondary ri?s, 

in contrast to L. lecontei, in which the ribs weaken with 

the formation of a nearly smooth band on the lower 

flank. 

The previously determined stratigraphic posi~ion of 

this species requires minor revision. According to 

Imlay (1960, fig. 21), Leconteites modestus and f!uzosigella spp. questionably occur below L. de~nst and 

Moffitites robustus Imlay. Further collecting has 

demonstrated that all of these forms herein referred to 

L. deansi are found together with M. robustus and that 

these occur below a specimen that has well-developed 

umbilical bullae and that is referred to L. lecontei. 

Thus L. deansi is the earliest known representative of 

Leco~teites, and it appears to have given rise to L. 

lecontei by emphasis of the umbilical bullae. . 

The type locality of L. deansi is unknown; according 

to Whiteaves (1893, p. 442) the original specimen sent 

to him for study was labeled as having been collected 

at Skidegate Inlet, Queen Charlotte Islands. Recent 

extensive collecting at this place by Jones failed to turn 

up any specimens of this species nor were a~y fossiliferous Cretaceous rocks older than the Brewenceras hulenense zone found there. Specimens of Leconteites lecontei 

are known from the northwestern side of Graham 

Island, however, no specimens of L. deansi have yet 

been found there. 

Figured specimen: Hypotype USN M 130164b from USGS 

Mesozoic loc. 9972. 

Geologic age: Early Albian, zone of Moffitites robustus. 
LOWER CRETACEOUS AMMONITE GENERA F15 

Genus BREWERICERAS Casey 

1954. Brewericeras, Casey, Washington Acad. Sci. Jour., v. 44, 

no. 4, p. 112. 

Type species (by original designation) .-Ammonites 

breweri Gabb, 1864, pl. 10, fig. 7 ([not] 1869, pl. 20, 

fig. 5, as cited by Casey. That specimen is herein 

referred to B. hulenense). 

The genus Brewericeras was established for Pacific 

coast Albian ammonites that were previously assigned 

to Beudanticeras. They differ from Beudanticeras by 

having 

* * * very fiat, subparallel whorl sides, consistently sharp 

umbilical rim, and no constrictions or peripheral ridges. Costate 

developments with falciform ribs on the upper lateral area that 

are sharper and more regular than those of Beudanticeras and 

which weaken on the ventral area (Casey, 1954, p. 112). 

Study of large collections of specimenH from northern 

California and southern Alaska necessitates a revision 

of the generic characteristics described above. A 

revised generic description follows: 

The shell is compressed and has fiat to slightly 

inflated flanks, a narrow evenly rounded venter, a 

small umbilicus having an abrupt to very sharp 

umbilical shoulder and a steeply sloping to vertical 

wall. Ornamentation consists of falcate ribs of varying 

strength that comnwnly arise from bundled striae on 

the lower flank but that rarely arise singly at the 

umbilical margin or spring from inconspicuous umbilical 

bullae. The ribs are most prominent on the outer flank, 

where they project strongly forward, and they may 

weaken or be indistinguishable on the venter. Constrictions are scarce, although more coarsely ribbed 

forms tend to have a few falcate constrictions that are 

bordered on the venter by a posterior peripheral ridge. 

Other species referred by Casey to Brewericeras 

include Ammonites haydeni Gabb and Beudanticeras 

hulenense Anderson. According to Murphy and Rodda 

(1960, p. 851-852), A. haydeni is a true representative 

of Beudanticeras and differs markedly from Brewericeras 

hulenense by nature of the suture, whorl shape, and 

ornamentation. 

Brewericeras thus includes two species, breweri and 

hulenense, and these have been consistently confused. 

In Casey's citation of the type species, he designated 

B. breweri as the type, but he referred to a specimen 

that we regard as B. hulenense. This misidentification, 

however, does not have any significant effect on the 

generic concept, as the two species do not differ greatly. 

Brewericera8 is clearly closely related to Leconteites 

and could, indeed, be regarded as of no more than 

subgeneric rank or even regarded as a synonym, but 

we prefer to retain both generic names. The differences 

between Leconteites and Brewericeras are summarized 

as follows: 

Brewericeras 

Whorl shape mainly thin and 

compressed; moderately inflated forms are rare. 

Ornamentation ranges from 

completely smooth to strong 

primary falcate ribs that 

rarely bifurcate on outer 

flank; umbilical tubercles and 

paired ribs are absent; constrictions are rare. 

Coiling excentric _____________ _ 

Leconteites 

Whorl shape shows complete 

range from com pressed to 

inflated forms. 

All forms ribbed but show a 

wide range in strength of 

ribbing; primary ribs furcate 

on outer flank to form 

numerous secondary ribs; 

umbilical bullae may be very 

prominent; ribs arise singly 

or spring in pairs or bundles 

from bullae; constrictions 

may be common. 

Coiling shows only a slight 

tendency to excentricity on 

very compressed forms. 

Brewericeras breweri (Gabb) 

Plate 8, figures 3, 5 

1864. Ammonites brewerii Gabb, California Geol. Survey, 

Paleontology, v. 1, p. 62, pl. 10, fig. 7. 

1954. Brewericeras brewerii (Gabb). Casey, Washington Acad. 

Sci., v. 44, no. 4, p. 112. 

1869. [not] Ammonites brewerii Gabb, California Geol. Survey, 

Paleontology, v. 2, p. 130, pl. 19, fig. 5, 6; pl. 20, fig. 5. 

1876. [not] Ammonites brewerii Gabb. Whiteaves, Mesozoic 

Fossils, p. 21, pl. 1, fig. 2, 2a, 3, 3a. 

1927. [not] Beudanticeras breweri (Gabb). Crickmay, Amer. 

Jour. Sci., ser. 15, v. 13, no. 78, p. 503. 

1938. [not] Beudanticeras breweri (Gabb). Anderson, Geol. Soc. 

America Spec. Paper 16, p. 189, pl. 43, fig. 3; pl. 44, 

figs. 1, 2. 

1960. [not] Brewericeras breweri (Gabb). Imlay, U.S. Geol. 

Survey Prof. Paper 354-D, p. 105, pl. 17, figs. 5-10, 12, 

13. 

Brewericeras breweri was originally obtained from the 

North Fork of Cottonwood Creek, northern California, 

and the holotype is the only known specimen of this 

species. This specimen, which is a fragment of a body 

whorl that has a part of the inner whorl exposed, is 

crushed and deformed and cannot be accurately 

measured. The whorl section is compressed and its 

height is greater than its breadth; the whorl appears to 

be somewhat inflated and its greatest breadth is in the 

lower one-third of the flank. Some of this inflation may 

be due to secondary deformation, but the flanks do not 

appear to be as slab sided as in B. hulenense. The 

umbilicus is fairly wide, the umbilical wall nearly 

vertical, and the umbilical shoulder abrupt. The 

suture line is unknown. 

Ornamentation consists of fairly strong regular 

falcate ribs that rise on the umbilical shoulder, project 

forward on the lower flank, bend backward at midfiank, 

and again project forward on the outer flank. The 

ribs cross the venter and have only a slight tendency to 

weaken along the midline. Likewise, ribbing on the 

lower flank tends to be only slightly less prominent 

than on the outer flank, and a few ribs bundle together 

on approaching the umbilical shoulder. 
F16 CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

The ribs of this specimen extend to the umbilical 

shoulder and in this respect differ from the closely 

allied B. hulenense, in which the ribbing is absent or very 

weak on the lower flank. Many specimens of B. 

hulenense are as coarsely ribbed on the outer flank as 

B. breweri, but on all of these specimens the ribs tend 

to be weak on the lower flank, although on some of the 

more inflated varieties, an occasional rib may reach the 

umbilical margin. Also, the ribs are stronger on the 

venter and the flanks more inflated in B. breweri than 

in B. hulenense. These differences are more those of 

degree than of kind, however, and it would seem logical 

to treat these two "species" as belonging to a single, 

highly variable, intergrading population and to repress 

B. hulenense as unnecessary. However, among hundreds of specimens examined, no clear transition from 

one form to the other was found, and B. breweti seems 

to be unique. Unfortunately, the stratigraphic position 

of this species is unknown, and until additional specimens are found and their relationship to B. hulenense 

established, it seems best to regard the two forms as 

.separate species. 

Holotype: UC 12098. 

Type locality: North Fork of Cottonwood Creek, northern 

California; exact position unknown. 

Age: Probably late early Albian. This judgment is based on 

the position of B. hulenense, its congener, and the character of the 

attached matrix, which is like that of the B. hulenense zone of 

Ruling Creek. 

Brewericeras hulenense (Anderson) 

Plate 8, figures 1, 2, 4; plates 9, 10; plate 11, figures 1-3, 13-14 

1876. Ammonites brewerii Gabb. Whiteaves, Mesozoic Fossils, 

v. 1, pt. 1, p. 21, pl. 1, fig. 2, 2a. 

1927. Beudanticeras brewerii Gabb. Crickmay, Am. Jour. Sci., 

5th ser., v. 13, no. 78, p. 509, figs. 1-3. 

1938. Beudanticeras hulenense Anderson, Geol. Soc. Amedca 

Spec. Paper 16, p. 190, pl. 44, figs. 3, 4. 

1938. Beudanticeras breweri (Gabb). Anderson, idem, p. 189, 

pl. 43, fig. 3; pl. 44, figs. 1, 2. 

1943. Desmoceras haydeni Gabb. Anderson, Calif. Div. Mines 

Bull. 118, p. 168-169, figs. 61-68. 

1960. Brewericeras breweri (Gabb). Imlay, U.S. Geol. Survey 

Prof. Paper 354-D, p. 105, pl. 17, figs. 5-10, 12, 13. 

1960. Brewericeras cf. B. hulenense (Anderson). Imlay, idem, 

p. 106, pl. 17, figs. 11, 14-16. 

1960. Brewericeras hulenense (Anderson). Murphy and Rodda, 

Jour. Paleontology, v. 34, no. 5, pl. 105, fig. 3. 

Brewericeras hulenense is widespread in Albian deposits of the Pacific coast region of North America and 

occurs in California, Oregon, Washington, Queen 

Charlotte Islands, B.C., and southern Alaska. 

Throughout this extent the species exhibits similar 

morphologic characteristics that show a wide range in 

variation. 

Typical specimens of B. hulenense are nearly 

smooth and have flattened, nearly parallel flanks, an 

evenly rounded narrow venter, and a small umbilicus 

having a sharp shoulder and a steep to vertical wall. 

Excentric growth is well displayed in some specimens 

(pl. 10; pl. 11, figs. 1, 13; text fig. 14). At a diameter 

of approximately 45 mm and larger, the umbilical wall 

is bent midway between the umbilical suture and the 

umbilical edge so that it appears to have been creased. 

The growth lines on the wall are inclined posteriorly 

from the umbilical suture to this crease and then 

inclined anteriorly from the crease to the urn bilical 

shoulder giving the growth lines a chevron shape on 

the umbilical wall. This characteristic is useful in 

distinguishing fragmentary specimens of B. hulenense 

from Beudanticeras haydeni on which the chevron shape 

of the growth lines is lacking. Ornamentation consists 

of bundled growth striae that rise at the umbilical 

seam, are curved on the wall as described above, inclined 

strongly forward on lower flanks, arch gently backward 

at midflank and cross the upper flanks with marked 

forward projection. 

Like Leconteites lecontei, Brewericcras hulenense 

shows an extremely wide range of variation from 

very compressed smooth forms to inflated strongly 

70 

65 f- • -

• / 

60 r- • . / - / 

/ 

/• • 55 f- / - . /. 

I 

I 

(/) • I • - c:: 50~ 

w ·~' I 

w 

~ I 

I ~ 45 r- I -

::::i 

...J 'I 

• ~ I • • 40 r-e I• -

~ I 

• I 

ci I 

w 35 -· I -

w 

~ I • I ~ • I <( I - Ci 30- • I 

I 

25 r- ·I - •I. 

•I 

I 20 f- I 

I 

-

I 

I • 15 r- •/ -

/ / / 

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 10 15 20 25 30 

WIDTH OF UMBILICUS, AS PERCENT OF DIAMETER 

FIGURE 14.-Scatter diagram showing relation of width of 

umbilicus, expressed as percent of diameter, to diameter for 

specimens of Brewericeras hulenense from USGS Mesozoic 

locality M1337. A relative increase in umbilical width due to 

excentric growth is shown by the change in slope of the curve 

at about a diameter of 30 mm. The heavy dots represent 

more coarsely ribbed specimens. 
LOWER CRETACEOUS AMMONITE GENERA F17 

ribbed specimens (pl. 10). Costation when present 

commonly develops at a diameter of about 35 mm. 

The costae are low, closely spaced, most strongly 

developed on the outer half of the flanks, and weak 

or absent across the venter and on the umbilical half 

of the flank. In some large specimens, periodic 

widely spaced ridges, associated with constrictions of 

the shell, are present on the flanks and venter. Some 

specimens show a slight tendency toward bundling 

of the striae at the umbilical edge, but bullae are 

not developed as on species of the closely related 

Leconteites. 

An intergrading series that has progressively stronger 

ornamentation can be demonstrated from the nearly 

smooth specimens shown on plate 9, figure 4, and 

plate 10, figure 1, through typical forms that have 

weak ornamentation as represented by the holotype 

and by the specimens figured on plate 10, figures 3 to 

5, to the coarsely ribbed specimen shown on plate 10, 

figures 14, 15. Correlated with the increase in coarseness of the ribbing is an increase in the B/H ratio and 

in the width of the umbilicus. In addition, the whorl 

section becomes more rounded and the urn bilical 

shoulder may become less sharp as the ribs increase in 

strength. 

The suture line is deeply incised and moderately 

interlocked (figs. 15 and 16) and has a thin asymmetrically bifid first lateral saddle, a deep trifid first 

lateral lobe that is much deeper than the external lobe, 

and a very thin asymmetric second lateral saddle. 

Three irregular auxiliary saddles descend evenly to the 

umbilical seam. The internal suture consists of a 

moderately high arch that has numerous auxiliary 

saddles and lobes. The suture of B. hulenense differs 

from that of L. lecontei by being more deeply incised 

and by having thinner stemmed saddles. 

In a single population the frequency of occurrence 

of the coarsely ribbed forms similar to the specimen on 

FIGURE 15.-Suture line of Brewericeras hulenense, hypotype 

USNM 121535, from University of California at Riverside locality 1000; specimen figured on plate 11, figures 1-3 (X 4%). 

plate 10, figures 14 and 15, is very low. In one sample 

from USGS Mesozoic locality M1337 consisting of 

more than 70 specimens, 38 specimens having a diameter of more than 35 mm are smooth or have only 

ill-defined riblets composed of bundled striae, 18 

specimens have clearly discernible ribs, and only 1 

specimen has coarse ribs (fig. 17). Because ribs do 

not appear on some specimens until a fairly large diameter (55-60 mm) is attained, these proportions may 

not be too precise, because some of the smaller specimens in the smooth group might ultimately have produced ribs, thus decreasing the difference in frequency 

of these two groups. Despite this, in all known 

collections, smooth to faintly or weakly ribbed forms 

greatly predominate over the more coarsely ribbed 

forms. A selected series of specimens from USGS 

Mesozoic locality M1337 are shown on plate 10 and 

measurements of 27 specimens are given in the 

table below. 

Brewericeras hulenense is closely related to Leconteites lecontei, and differs from it mainly in details of 

FIGURE 16.-Suture line of Brewericeras hulenense (Anderson); hypotype USNM 121511, from University of California 

at Riverside locality 70 (X 1%). 
F18 

(/) 

z 

w 

::?i 

u 

w 

ll.. 

(/) 

u... 

0 

e::: 

w 

CXl 

::?i 

::::l 

z 

35 

30 

25 

20 

15 

CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

0\ 

LO 

ci 

I 

0 

LO 

ci 

RATIO OF WHORL BREADTH 

TO WHORL HEIGHT 

A 

30 

25 

(/) 

z 

w 

::?i 

u 

w 

ll.. 

(/) 

u... 20 

0 

e::: 

w 

CXl 

::?i 

::::l 

z 

15 

NATURE OF 

ORNAMENTATION 

B 

FIGURE 17.-A, Bar graph showing frequency distribution of whorl breadth 

to whorl height ratio in Brewericeras hulenense from USGS Mesozoic locality M1337. B, Bar graph showing frequency distribution of smooth and 

ribbed forms of Brewericeras hulenense from USGS Mesozoic locality M1337. · 
LOWER CRETACEOUS AMMONITE GENERA F19 

ribbing. In B. hulentnse, the ribs mainly rise singly 

on the lower flank or, in inflated forms, on the umbilical shoulder, and well-developed umbilical bullae 

are not present. These ribs do not bifurcate on the 

outer flank, and if secondary ribs are present, they rise 

singly between the primaries. In L. lecontei, the 

primary ribs tend to spring in pairs from well developed, 

pinched umbilical bullae and generally bifurcate on 

the outer flank. The strongly developed bifurcation 

of ribs in L. deansi clearly separates that species from 

B. hulenense. 

In most collections of B. hulenense, the differences 

previously cited clearly separate it from the geologically 

older species L. lecontei. Among the collections from 

Ruling Creek, however, there are some specimens that 

are clearly intermediate in form between the two 

genera, and their proper taxonomic position is difficult 

to determine. For example, the specimen on plate 11, 

figures 7 to 9, has finer more numerous ribs on the 

outer flank than is usual for B. hvlenense, and the umbilical bullae are only slightly weaker than is usual 

for L. lecontei (compare this specimen with the specimen of L. lecontei figured on pl. 11, figs. 4-6). The 

ribs of the outer whorl, however, show no indication of 

bifurcation and are similar to those of B. hulenense. 

The specimens on plate 11, figures 10-12 and 15-17, 

have strong urn bilical bullae and bifurcating ribs of the 

Leconteites type on the inner whorls and coarse simple 

ribs of the B. hulenense type on the body chamber. 

These scarce specimens, which occur with the lowest 

known examples of B. hulenense and 10-15 feet above 

beds having undoubted L. lecontei (fig. 2), are considered as intermediate forms linking the two genera. 

Holotype: CAS 8831. 

Type locality: CAS loc. 1659. East Fork of Ruling (=Hulen) 

Creek, Ono area, northern California. 

Figured specimens: USNM 121526-121536 and ANSP 4798. 

Geologic age: Brewericeras hulenense zone, upper lower 

Albian. 

Measurements, in millimeters, of selected groups of specimens from 

California and USGS Mesozoic locality M1337, southern Alaska 

Ratio of 

Whorl Whorl Ratio of Width of width of 

Specimen Diameter height breadth breadth umbilicus umbilicus to height to diameter 

(percent) 

--- USNM 1215381 ______ 45 21.7 13.6 0.62 9 20 121535 ________ 48 21.8 212.7 .58 12 20 121526 ________ 64 30 19 .63 15 23.5 121527 ________ 72 37 21 . 57 10.8 15 

121536.------- 65 25 18 . 72 18 27.5 

121539 I_----- 56 24 318 . 75 15.8 28 

121540 1 __ ---- 42 16.6 14.6 .87 13.8 33 

---------- 21 20 .95 ---------- ------------ 121528 ________ 139 60 38 .63 36 26 121532 ________ 6} 28 16 .57 14.5 23.5 121529 ________ 54 25.5 13.5 .53 10 18.5 121533 ________ 66 29 15 .52 17.5 26.5 121531__ ______ 57 24 13.5 .56 12.5 22 121534 ________ 63 25 18 . 72 19.8 31 121530 ________ 65 30 15 .50 12.6 19.4 

LSJU 6506.---------- 120 49 38 .77 33 27.5 ANSP 4798 ___________ 113 48 33 .68 32 20.5 

Measurements, in millimeters, of selected groups of specimens from 

California and USGS Mesozoic locality M1337, southern AlaskaContinued 

Whorl Whorl Ratio of Width of Specimen Diameter breadth height breadth to height umbilicus 

Unnumbered specimens 

1.------------------- 17 8.0 5.5 0.69 2. 5 

2.------------------- 23 12.9 7.3 .57 3.2 

3.------------------- 24 12.9 6.8 .53 3.3 

4.------------------- 24 12.9 7.2 .56 3.5 

5.------------------- 26 13.6 7.0 .52 3.6 

6.------------------- 29 15.0 7. 7 .52 4.1 

7-------------------- 32 16.8 9.0 .53 4.5 

8.------------------- 34 17.5 10.0 .57 5. 5 

9.------------------- 35 18.1 9.4 .52 4.6 

10.------------------- 38 19.7 10.5 .53 5.3 

lL.------------------ 40 20.0 10.0 .50 5.8 

12.------------------- 41 21.0 10.1 .48 6.5 

13.------------------- 42 20.0 10.0 .50 8.0 

14.------------------- 42 21.5 10.5 .49 6.5 

15.------------------- 43 21.5 11.0 . 51 7.6 

16.------------------- 44 23.0 10.5 .46 6.6 

17-------------------- 51 23.0 12.0 .52 12.0 

18.------------------- 51 24.0 12.5 .52 8. 7 

19.------------------- 50 24.0 12.8 .53 9. 0 

20_ ------------------- 54 25.0 13.9 .55 10.7 

21.------------------- 57 26.0 14.0 .54 11.8 

22.------------------- 50 24.0 12.0 .50 8.8 

23.------------------- 60 27.5 15.0 .55 12.0 

24.------------------- 64 28.0 16.0 .57 15.0 

25.------------------- 71 30.5 17.5 . 57 17.0 

26-------------------- 15 8. 7 4. 7 .54 2.0 

27-------------------- 12 7.0 4. 0 ---------- 1.9 

1 Specimen intermediate between Leconteitea and Brewericeraa. 2 Slightly crushed. a About. 

REFERENCES 

Ratio of 

width of 

umbulicus 

to diameter 

(percent) 

15.0 

14.0 

14.0 

15.0 

14.0 

14.0 

14.0 

15.6 

13.0 

14.0 

14.0 

16.0 

19.0 

15.6 

17.6 

15.0 

23.5 

17.0 

18.0 

20.0 

20.5 

17.5 

20.0 

23.5 

24.0 

13.0 

16.0 

Anderson, F. M., 1902, Cretaceous deposits of the Pacific 

Coast: California Acad. Sci. Proc., 3d ser., v. 2, no. 1, 

1-54 p., 11 pls. 

--- 1938, Lower Cretaceous deposits in Cailfornia and Oregon: 

Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 16, 339 p. 84 pls., 3 figs. 

Arkell, W. J., Kummel, Bernhard, and Wright, C. W., 1957, 

Mesozoic Ammonoidea, in Mollusca 4, Pt. L of Moore, R. 

C., ed., Treatise on invertebrate paleontology: New York, 

Geol. Soc. America and Kansas Univ. Press [Lawrence], 

p. L80-L471. 

Casey, Raymond, 1954, New genera and subgenera of Lower 

Cretaceous ammonites: Washington Acad. Sci. Jour., v. 44, 

no. 4, p. 106-115, 1 pl. 

---1961, The Ammonoidea of the Lower Greensand: Palaeontographical Soc., Monograph, pt. 3, p. 119-216, pls. 26-35. 

Crickmay, C. H., 1927, On Beudanticeras breweri and Coloboceras 

stantoni: Am. Jour. Sci., 5th ser., v. 13, no. 78, p. 503-516, 

10 figs. 

Gabb, W. M., 1864, Description of the Cretaceous fossils: 

California Geol. Survey, Paleontology, v. 1, sec. 4, p. 57-217, 

pls. 9-32. 

--- 1869, Cretaceous and Tertiary fossils, in Paleontology of 

California: California Geol. Survey, Paleontology, v. 2, 

sec. 2, p. 127-254. 

Haas, Otto, 1946, Intraspecific variation in, and ontogeny of, 

Prionotropis woollgari and Prionocyclus wyomingensis: Am. 

Mus. Nat. History Bull., v. 86, art. 4, p. 141-224, pls. 11-24. 

Hall, E. B., and Ambrose, A. W., 1916, Descriptions of new 

species from the Cretaceous and Tertiary of the Tesla, 

Pleasanton, San Jose, and Mt. Hamilton quadrangles, 

California: N au til us, v. 30, no. 6, p. 68-71; v. 30, no. 7, 

p. 77-82. 
F20 CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEONTOLOGY 

Imlay, R. W., 1960, Early Cretaceous (Albian) ammonites from 

the Chitina Valley and Talkeetna Mountains, Alaska: 

U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 354-D, p. 87-114, pls. 11-19. 

--- 1961, Characteristic Lower Cretaceous megafossils from 

northern Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 335, 7 4 p., 

24 pls., 1 fig. 

Jones, D. L., and Berg, H. C., 1964, Cretaceous stratigraphy of 

the McCarthy A-4 quadrangle, southern Alaska: U.S. 

Geol. Survey Bull. 1180-A, p. A1-A18. 

McKnight, B. K., 1964, Stratigraphic study of Cretaceous rocks 

near Mitchell, Oregon [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. 

Paper 82, p. 264. 

Murphy, M. A., 1956, Lower Cretaceous stratigraphic units of 

northern California: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists 

Bull., v. 40, no. 9, p. 2098-2119, 6 text-figs. 

Murphy, M. A., Peterson, G. L., and Rodda, P. U., 1964, ReVISion of Cretaceous lithostratigraphic nomenclature, 

northwest Sacramento Valley, California: Am. Assoc. 

Petroleum Geologist, v. 48, no. 4, p. 496-502. 

Murphy, M. A., and Rodda, P. U., 1960, Mollusca of the Cretaceous Bald Hills Formation of California: Jour. Paleontology, v. 34, no. 5, p. 835-858, pls. 101-107, 2 text-figs. 

Popenoe, W. P., Imlay, R. W., and Murphy, M. A., 1960, Correlation of the Cretaceous formations of the Pacific Coast 

(United States and northwestern Mexico): Geol. Soc. 

America Bull., v. 71, no. 10, p. 1491-1540, 1 pl., 5 figs. 

Reeside, J. B., Jr., and Cobban, W. A., 1960, Studies of the 

Mowry Shale (Cretaceous) and contemporary formations 

in the United States and Canada: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. 

Paper 355, 126 p., 58 pls., 30 figs., 10 tables. 

Silberling, N. J., 1959, Pre-Tertiary stratigraphy and Upper 

Triassic paleontology of the Union district, Shoshone 

Mountains, Nevada: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 322, 67 

p., 11 pis., 3 figs. 

Whiteaves, J. F., 1876, On some invertebrates from the coalbearing rocks of the Queen Charlotte Islands, in Mesozoic 

fossils: Canada Geol. Survey, v. 1, pt. 1, p. 1-92, 10 pis. 

--- 1893, Descriptions of two new species of ammonites from 

the Cretaceous rocks of the Queen Charlotte Islands: 

Canadian Record Sci., v. 5, no. 8, p. 441-446, pl. 7. 

Wiedey, L. W., 1929, Some previously unpublished figures of 

type mollusks from California: Nautilus, v. 43, no. 1, 

p. 21-26, 3 pls. 
AbbreviatioDB--------------------------------

Acanthohoplites ______________________________ _ 

reesidei. ___ -------------------------------

Page 

F3 

4 

3 zone. ________ --------- _______ ---______ 3 

Acknowledgments____________________________ S 

affine, Grantziceras____________________________ 8 

Age of Brewericeras and Leconteites. ___ ------- S 

Alaska, southern. __ -------------------------- 7 alaskana, Puzosia_____________________________ 6, 7 

Albian strata.--------------------------- 1,3, 6, 8,16 

aldersoni, Calliphylloceraa __________________ ~-- 7 

Ammonites breweri. __________________ 2, 15, 16; pl. 8 

haydeni ___________ -- _ ------ ___ ------ _ ___ __ 15 

Anagaudryceraa aurarium·-------------------- 4, 5, 7 

cappsi. ----------------------------------- 7 gainesi.. ________________ -- _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ 4, 5 

sacya_. ----------------------------------- 4 sp_ •• _____________ ------------ _________ • __ 6 

Aptian strata.-------------------------------- 3 

Arcthoplites belli.----------------------------- 6, 7, 8 

talkeetnanus ___ --------------------------- 7 

(Astieria) deanai, Olcostephanua _____________ 14; pl. 6 

Aucellina. _______ ------ _ -- ______ ---- ___ --- ___ _ 7 

sp_ --- ________ ------------ _ -- _ ----- _ _ __ _ __ 7 

aurarium, Anagaudryceraa. ------------------- 4, 5, 7 

belli, Arcthoplites ______________________________ 6, 7, S 

Beudanticeraa ..• ------------------------------ 8,15 

breweri. ---------------------------------- 15,16 haydeni. ..• ____ --- ______ -- __ -- _ __ _ _ _ __ ___ _ 16 

hulenenae. ____ ----------------------- 2, 8, 15, 16 

newtoni.. ________ ---- _ ---- ________ ------- _ 12 

Beudanticeratinae. __ _ ___ ___ ___ ___ __ __ ___ _ ____ 9 

bifurcata, Kennicottia. ___ --------------------- 7 

breweri, Ammonites. __ --------------- 2, 15, 16; pl. 8 Beudanticeras _____________________________ 15,16 

Brewericeraa ______________________ 2, 15, 16; pl. 8 

Brewericeraa _______________________ 1, 2,3,5, 7,8,9, 15 

brewerL-------------------------- 2, 15, 16; pl. 8 

hulenense ________ 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19; 

pls. 8, 9, 10, 11 

zone_------------------------- 4, 5,6, 7, 14,19 

stratigraphic position and age____________ 3 

bullatus, Paraailesites. _ ----------------------- 7 

californicum, Hypophylloceras _________________ 4,5, 7 

Calliphylloceraa aldersonL-------------------- 7 

nizinanum ___ ----------------------------- 7 

cappsi, Anagaudryceraa. _ --------------------- 7 

chitinanum, Phyllopachyceraa. _ --------------- 7 

Cleoniceraa. ___ ------------------------------- 2 

leconteL----------------------------- 9; pls. 1, 2 

modestum.------------------------ 2, 9, 12; pl. 2 

overbecki. ------------------------------- __ 7 

sp. ____ ---- __________ - _- -- _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ 6 

Cleoniceratinae •• ___ --- _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ 9 

Collignoniceratids. _____________ ---- _________ _ 

deanai, Leconteites _____ 2,3,6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14,19; pl. 6 

Olcostephanus (Astieria) ________________ 14; pl. 6 

Desmoceras haydeni. -------------------------- 16 

leconteL •• -------------------------- 1, 2, 9; pl. 2 

merriami. ___ ----------------------------- 5 sp. _ --- ___________ --------- _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ 7 

Desmoceratidae. _ ---------------------------- 1. 9 

7'76-689 0--615--3 

INDEX 

[Italic numbers indicate descriptions] 

Page 

Douvilleiceraa mammillatum _________________ F4, 5, 8 

mammillatum zone ____ ------------------- 5 

restitutum. ___ ---------------------------- 5 

spp __ -------------------------------------

Evolutionary sequence of Leconteites and 

Brewericeras.------------------·--- 8 

Freboldiceras .• ______________ ---- ___ . __ . _. _ --. _ 8 

singulare ________ ______ -------------------- 8 

gainesi, Anagaudryceras_______________________ 4,5 

Gener!c description, revised. __ -------------.-- 9 

glabrum, Grantziceraa_________________________ 8 

Grantziceraa affine_------------------------·--- 8 

glabrum. ___ ------------------------------ 8 sp. ______________________ --- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 6 

haydeni, Ammonites___________________________ 15 

Beudanticeraa .. --------------------------- 16 

Desmoceraa. ------------------------------ 16 Hoplitidae ___________________ -------------- _ __ 1, 9 

hulenense, Beudanticeras. ------------------- 2,15,16 

BrewericeraB-------------------------- 3, 4, 5, 6, 

7, 8, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19; pls. 8, 9, 10, 11 

Hulenites reesidei. ___ ------------------------- 7 Hypacanthoplites sp ________________________ --- 5 

Hypophylloceraa californicum __________________ 4, 5, 7 

irregularis, Paraailesites ____ ------------------- 7 

Jauberticeraa michelianum ____ -----------.-----

Kennicottia bifurcata. -------------------------

laeve, Ptychoceras. ________ -------------------- 4, 7 

lecontei, Cleoniceras. _____________________ 9; pls. 1, 2 

Desmoceraa .•. ---------------------- 1, 2, 9; pl. 2 

Leconteites.--------------------- 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 

12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 19; pls. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 11 

whiteavesi, Leconteites _____________ 7, 13; pls. 6, 7 

Leconteites__________________________________ 1, 2, 3, 

5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 13, 14, 15, 17, 19; pls. 1, 2 

deansi. ___________ 2, 3,6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 19; pl. 6 

lecontei_ _____________________ 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 

12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 19; pls. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 11 

whiteavesL------------------ 7, 13; pls. 6, 7 zone__________________________________ 3, 4 

modestus ... ------------------------------- 2,14 aacramenticus ________________________ 9, 14: pl. 2 

stratigraphic position and age_____________ 3 

Leymeriella tardefurcata zone__________________ 4 

mammillatum, Douvilleiceraa __________________ 4, 5, 8 

Material studied ____ ------------------------- 3 Measurements________________________________ S 

merriami, Desmoceras.------------------------ 5 

michelianum, Jauberticeras____________________ 5 

modestum, Cleoniceras _________________ 2, 9, 12; pl. 2 

modestus, Leconteites__________________________ 2,14 

Moffttites robustus ____ ------------------------- 7; 14 

mulleri, Puzosigella___________________________ 9 

Sonneratia ____________________________ 2, 9; pl. 2 

Neogaatroplites .. ------------------------------ newtoni, Beudanticeras________________________ 12 

nizinanum, Calliphylloceras___________________ 7 

Page 

Nomenclature _________________________ ------- F 1 

Olcostephanus (Astieria) deansi _____________ 14; pl. 6 

Ono area. __ ---------------------------------- 3 

Oregon, centraL----------------------------- 5 

overbecki, Cleoniceras__________________________ 7 

Oxytropidoceras packardi.. _ -------------------

Pachydiscus sacramenticus ___________ 1, 2, 9, 14; pl. 2 

packardi, Oxytropidoceras.--------------------- 5 

Parahoplites stantoni__________________________ 5 

Parasiluites bullatus. _ ------------------------

irregularis. __ -----------------------------

sp.--------------------------------------- 6 perrinsmithi, Sonneratia _______________ 2, 9, 12; pl. 1 

Phyllopac~yceras chitinanum__________________ 7 

shastalense. __ -- _- ____ . ___ ---.------------- 7 

sp_ --------------------------------------- 7 

Ptychoceras laeve .. ---------------------------- 4, 7 

Puzosia alas kana.- .. ------------------------- 6, 7 

subquadrata __ ----- __ ---------------------- 5 

puzosiaformis, Silesites.----------------------- 4 

Puzosigella. __ ----------------------------- 1, 2, 9,14 

mulleri. _________ ------------------------- 9 

rogersi. ---------------------------------- 2, 9, 14 sacramentica ••. ___________ .. _-.--. _------- 14 sp. _______________________________________ 13, 14 

Queen Charlotte Islands______________________ 6,13 

reesidei, Acanthohoplites_______________________ 3 

Hulenites _______ . __ ----------------------- 7 

restitutum, Douvilleiceras______________________ 5 

Revised generic description___________________ 9 

robustus, Moffitites.--------------------------- 7,14 

rogersi, Puzosigella .• ------------------------- 2, 9,14 

Sonneratia------------------------- 2, 9; pls. 1, 3 

sacramentica, Puzosigella______________________ 14 

Sonneratia----------------------------- 14; pl. 2 sacramenticus, Leconteites _________________ 9, 14; pl. 2 

Pachydiscus __________________ 1, 2, 9, 14; pl. 2 

sacya, Anagaudryceras _____ ------------------- 4 

shastalense, Phyllopachyceras.----------------- 7 

Silesites puzosiaformis_________________________ 4 

singulare, Freboldiceras________________________ 8 Sonneratia. __________________________________ _ 

mulleri__ ___________ __ ---------------- 2, 9; pl. 2 

perrinsmithi. _ -------------------- 2, 9, 12; pl. 1 rogersi. ___________________________ 2, 9; pls. 1, 3 

sacramentica .. ------------------------ 14; pl. 2 

taffi----------------------------------- 2, 9; pl. 1 

stantoni, Parahoplites_________________________ 5 

Stratigraphi~ position, Brewericeras___________ 3 

Leconteites. __ ---- ___ -- __ .----------------- 3 

subquadrata, Pu.zosia__________________________ 5 

Systematic descriptions.--------------------- 9 

taffi, Sonneratia _________________________ -- 2, 9; pl. 1 

talkeetnanus, Arct'~aplites .. ------------------- 7 

tardefurcata, Leymeriella .. -------------------- 4 

Tetragonites SP------------------------------ 4, 5, 6, 7 

Tropites. _ ------------------------------------ 1 

Valdedorsella whiteavesi. __ --------------------

whiteavesi, Leconteiteslecontei. .•..•..• 7, 13; pls. 6, 7 

Valdedorsella.- --------------------------- 7 

F21 

PLATES 1-ll 
PLATE 1 

[All figures natural size] 

FIGURES 1-22. Leconteites lecontei (Anderson) s. s. (p. F9). 

1-3, 17-19. Sonneratia rogersi Hall and Ambrose. 

1-3. Plastohypotype, CAS 8866; figured by Anderson (1938, pl. 20, fig. 6). 

17-19. Plastohypotype, CAS unnumbered; figured by Anderson (1938, pl. 20, fig. 7). 

6-8, 22. Sonneratia perrinsmithi Anderson. 

6-8. Plastoparatype, CAS 8884; figured by Anderson (1938, pl. 51, fig. 5). 

22. Plastoholotype, CAS 8882; figured by Anderson (1938, pl. 31, fig. 5). 

9-11, 14, 15, 20. Sonneratia tajfi Anderson. 

9-11. Plastoparatype, CAS 8858; figured by Anderson (1938, pl. 49, fig. 5). 

14, 15, 20. Plastoholotype, CAS 8857; figured by Anderson (1938, pl. 49, fig. 4). 

13, 16, 21. Cleoniceras lecontei (Anderson). 

Plastoplesiotype, CAS 8868; figured by Anderson (1938, pl. 47, fig. 4). 

4, 5, 12. "Sonneratia perrinsmithi" Anderson. 

Plastoparatype, CAS 8883; figured by Anderson (1938, pl. 51, fig. 6). This specimen does not belong 

to S. perrinsmithi nor to Leconteites. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 503-F PLATE 1 

LECONTEITES 
PLATE 2 

[All figures natural size] 

FIGURES 1-8, 10-14, 17, 21. Leconteites lecontei (Anderson) s. s. (p. F9). 

1- 3, 7, 8, 13. Cleoniceras modestum Anderson. 

1-3. Plastoparatype, CAS 8872; figured by Anderson (1938, pl. 50, fig. 4). 

7, 8, 13. Plastoparatype, CAS 8871; figured by Anderson (1938, pl. 50, fig. 3). 

The holotype (CAS 8870) of C. modestum does not belong to Leconteites. 

4-6, 12, 14, 21. Cleoniceras lecontei (Anderson). 

4-6. P!astohypotype, CAS 8869; figured by Anderson (1938, pl. 47, fig. 5). 

12, 14, 21. P!astoholotype, UC 12093; figured by Anderson (1902, pl. 3, figs. 94, 

95) as Desmoceras lecontei. 

10, 11, 17. Sonneratia mulleri Anderson. 

Plastoholotype, CAS 8864; figured by Anderson (1938, pl. 51, fig. 4; pl. .54, fig. 4). 

9, 15, 16, 18-20. Leconteites sacramenticus (Anderson) (p. F14). 

9, 15, 16. Sonneratia sacramentica (Anderson). 

Plastohypotype, CAS 8859; figured by Anderson (1938, pl. 49, fig. 3). 

18-20. Plastoholotype, UC 12100, figured by Anderson (1902, pl. 6, figs. 133, 134) as 

Pachydiscus sacramenticus. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 503-F PLATE 2 

LECONTEITES 
PLATE 3 

[All figures natural size] 

FIGURES 1-45. Leconteites lecontei (Anderson) s. s. (p. F9). 

All specimens from central Oregon, except figures 31-33, which are from central California. Specimens are 

arranged with finely ribbed forms on left side of plate and progressively more coarsely ribbed forms to the 

right. 

1-3. Hypotype, USNM 121486 from USGS Mesozoic loc. M2284. 

4-6. Hypotype, USNM 121487 from USGS Mesozoic loc. M2284. 

7-9. Hypotype, USNM 121488 from USGS Mesozoic loc. 15801. 

10-12. Hypotype, USNM 121489 from UO loc. 4082. 

13- 15. Hypotype, USNM 121490 from USGS Mesozoic loc. 26262. 

16- 18. Hypotype, USNM 121491 from USGS Mesozoic loc. M2284. 

19-21. Hypotype, USNM 121492 from USGS Mesozoic loc. M2284. 

22-24. Hypotype, USNM 121493 from USGS Mesozoic loc. M2284. 

25-27. Hypotype, USNM 121494 from UO loc. 4082. 

28- 30. Hypotype, USNM 121495 from UO loc. 4082. 

31-33. Sonneratia rogersi Hall and Ambrose. 

Holotype, Stanford Univ. Paleont. type colin. 511; figured by Wiedey (1929, pl. 2, fig. 2) . 

34-36. Hypotype, USNM 121496 from USGS Mesozoic loc. 26262. 

37-38. Hypotype, USNM 121497 from USGS Mesozoic loc. M2284. 

39-41. Hypotype, USNM 121498 from USGS Mesozoic loc. 26262. 

42- 44. Hypotype, USNM 121499 from USGS Mesozoic loc. 15801. 

45. Hypotype, USNM 121500 from USGS Mesozoic loc. 26262. 
PROFESSIONAL PAPER 503-F PLATE 3 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

LECONTEITES 
PLATE 4 

{All figures natural size except as Indicated] 

FIGURES 1-36. Leconteites lecontei (Anderson) s. s. (p. F9). 

All specimens from central Oregon showing coarsely ribbed variants. 

1-6. Hypotype, USNM 121501 from USGS Mesozoic loc. M2284 (figs. 4-6 are X2). 

7-8. Hypotype, USNM 121502 from USGS Mesozoic loc. 26262. 

9-11. Hypotype, USNM 121503 from UO loc. 465. 

12-14. Hypotype, USNM 121504 from UO loc. 4082. 

15-17. Hypotype, USNM 121505 from UO loc. 4082. 

18-20. Hypotype, USNM 121506 from USGS Mesozoic loc. 26262. 

21-23. Hypotype, USNM 121507 from USGS Mesozoic loc. 26262. 

24-26. Hypotype, USNM 121508 from USGS Mesozoic loc. M2284. 

27-29. Hypotype, USNM 121509 from USGS Mesozoic loc. 26378. 

30-32. Hypotype, USNM 121510 from USGS Mesozoic loc. 26262. 

33-35. Hypotype, USNM 121512 from USGS Mesozoic loc. 26262. 

36. Hypotype, USNM 121513 from USGS Mesozoic loc. M2284. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 503- F PLATE 4 

10 11 

LECONTEITES 
PLATE 5 

[All figures natural size] 

FIGURES 1-31. Leconteites lecontei (Anderson) s. s. (p. F9). 

All specimens are from the Leconteites lecontei zone on Huling Creek and a1·e figured to demonstrate that a wide 

range of morphologic variation exists for this species throughout the zone. Specimens shown on figs. 1-6, 

14-16, 23, 27, and 28 are from near the top of the zone; those shown on figs. 10-11, 20- 22, 24- 26, are from 

the middle of the zone (see also pl. 11, figs. 4-6); specimens shown on figs. 7- 9, 12, 13, 17- 19, and 29- 31 are 

from the lower part of the zone. 

1-3. USNM hypotype 121514 from UCR loc. 164. 

4-6. USNM hypotype 121515 from UCR loc. 164. 

7-9. USNM hypotype 121516 from UCR loc. 347. 

10-11 . USNM hypotype 121517 from UCR loc. 89. 

12-13. USNM hypotype 121518 from UCR loc. 347. 

14-16. USNM hypotype 121519 from UCR loc. 463. 

17-19. USNM hypotype 121520 from UCR loc. 359. 

20-22. USNM hypotype 121521 from UCR loc. 89. 

23, 27, 28. USNM hypotype 121522 from UCR loc. 460. 

24- 26. USNM hypotype 121523 from UCR loc . 89. 

29- 31. USNM hypotype 121524 from UCR loc. 435. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 503-F PLATE 5 

28 29 31 

LECONTEITES 
PLATE 6 

[All figures natural &lze] 

FIGURE 1-3, 4-9, 12-14. Leconteiteslecontei whiteavesi, Jones, Murphy, and Packard, n. subsp. (p. F13). 

GSC Joe. 48615. Beresford Bay, Queen Charlotte Islands. 

1-3. Paratype, GSC 19098. 

4-5. Paratype, GSC 19099. 

6-7. Paratype, GSC 19100. 

8-9. Paratype, GSC 19101. 

12- 14. Paratype, GSC 19102 (X 4/5). 

10, 11, 15, 16. Leconteites deansi (Whiteaves) (p. F13). 

10, 15. Copy of Whiteaves, (1893, pl. 7, figs. 1, 1a) original 

figure of Olcostephanus (Astieria) deansii. 

11, 16. Hypotype, USNM 130164b, from USGS Mesozoic 

Joe . 9972, Chitina Valley, southern Alaska, originally figured 

by Imlay (1960, pl. 19, figs. 12-14). 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

I 

LECONTEITES 

PROFESSIONAL PAPER 503-F PLATE 6 

I 

I H

----\ 
PLATE 7 

[All figures X 1)1o] 

FIGURES 1-3. Leconteites lecontei whiteavesi Jones, Murphy, and Packard, n. subsp., (p. F13). 

Holotype, GSC 19097, from GSC Joe. 48615, Beresford Bay, Queen Charlotte Islands. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 503-F PLATE 7 

. ( / 

) 

LECONTEITES 
PLATE 8 

[All figures natural size] 

:FIGURES 1, 2, 4. Brewericeras hulenense (Anderson) (p. F16). 

Hypotype, ANSP 4798. Specimen figured by Gabb (1869, pl. 20, 

fig. 5) as A. breweri. 

3, 5. Brewericeras breweri (Gab b) (p. F15). 

Holotype, UC 12098, figured by Gabb (1864, pl. 10, fig. 7) . 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

BREWERICERAS 

PROFESSIONAL PAPER 503-F PLATE 8 

~ 
PLATE 9 

[All figures natural size] 

FIGURES 1-9. Brewericeras hulenense (Anderson) (p. F16). 

From northern California. 

1, 5, 6, 8. Hypotype, USNM 121526, from UCR loc. 70. 

2-4. Hypotype, USNM 121527, from UCR loc. 34. 

7-9. Hypotype, USNM 121528, from UCR loc. 98. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 503 - F PLATE 9 

BREWERICERAS 
PLATE 10 

{All figures natural size] 

FIGURES 1-15. Brewericeras hulenense (Anderson) (p. F16) . 

From USGS Mesozoic loc. M1337, Upper Chitina Valley, southern 

Alaska. Specimens show intergradation from smooth to coarsely 

ribbed forms. 

1- 2. Hypotype, USNM 121529. 

3- 5. Hypotype, USNM 121530. 

6- 8. Hypotype, USNM 121531. 

9-10. Hypotype, USNM 121532. 

11-13. Hypotype, USNM 121533. 

14-15. Hypotype, USNM 121534. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

~~I l 

7 8 

BREWERICERAS 

PROFESSIONAL PAPER 503-F PLATE 10 

5 

3 

9 
PLATE 11 

[All figures natural size] 

FIGuRES 1-3, 13, 14. Brewericeras hulenense (Anderson) (p. F16). 

1-3. Hypotype, USNM 121535, from UCR loc. 1000, northern California. 

13, 14. Hypotype, USNM 121536, from UCR loc. 1000. This specimen has coarser ribs on lower flank than 

is usual for this species. 

4-6. Leconteites lecontei (Anderson) s. s. 

Hypotype, USNM 121537, from UCR loc. 358. Compare bifurcating ribs of this specimen to simple ribs on 

figs. 1-3. 

7-12, 15-17. Forms intermediate between Brewericeras hulenense and Leconteites lecontei. 

7-9. USNM 121538, from UCR loc. 70. Specimen has nonbifurcating ribs that are finer than usual for B. 

hulenense and small umbilical nodes similar to those of L. lecontei. 

10-12. USNM 121539, from UCR 1000. Inner whorls have strong umbilical nodes and bundled ribs of L. 

lecontei; outer whorls have simple ribs of B . hulenense. 

15-17. USNM 121540, from UCR loc. 402. Coarse ribbed forms with bifurcating ribs on early whorls and 

simple but unusually strong ribs on outer whorls. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 503-F PLATE 11 

1 2 6 

4 5 

7 8 9 12 

LECONTEITES AND BREWERICERAS 

Contributions to 

Paleontology 

1964 

G E 0 L 0 G I C A L S U R V EY P R 0 F E S S I 0 N A L P A P E R 5 0 3 

This volume was published 

as separate chapters A-F 
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

Thomas B. Nolan, Director 
CONTENTS 

[Letters designate the separately published chapters] 

(A) Paleozoic gastropods from the Moose River synclinorium, northern Maine, by Arthur J. Boucot and Ellis L. Yochelson. 

(B) Some western American Cenozoic gastropods of the genus Nassarius, by W. 0. Addicott. 

(C) Early Permian vertebrates from the Cutler Formation of the Placerville area, Colorado, by George Edward Lewis and Peter 

Paul Vaughn. 

(D) Marine Jurassic gastropods, central and southern Utah, by Norman F. Sohl. 

(E) Revision of some Paleozoic coral species from the western United States, by William J. Sando. 

(F) The Lower Cretaceous (Albian) ammonite genera Leconteites and Brewericeras, by David L. Jones, Michael A. Murphy, and 

Earl L. Packard. 

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1965 0-776-689