# Patent

## Title
Surface-coated cutting tool

## Abstract

A surface-coated cutting tool according to the present invention is provided with a base material and a coating formed on the base material, the coating includes an α-Al2O3 layer, the α-Al2O3 layer includes a plurality of crystal grains of α-Al2O3 and shows (001) orientation, a grain boundary of the crystal grains contains a CSL grain boundary and a general grain boundary, and a length of a Σ3 crystal grain boundary out of the CSL grain boundary exceeds 80% of a length of a Σ3-29 crystal grain boundary and is equal to or more than 10% and equal to or less than 50% of the total length of all grain boundaries which is the sum of the length of the Σ3-29 crystal grain boundary and a length of the general grain boundary.

## Background
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a surface-coated cutting tool.
BACKGROUND ART
A surface-coated cutting tool having a coating formed on a base material has conventionally been used. For example, Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2006-198735 (PTD 1) discloses a surface-coated cutting tool having a coating including an α-Al2O3 layer in which a ratio of a Σ3 crystal grain boundary in a Σ3-29 crystal grain boundary is 60 to 80%.
Japanese National Patent Publication No. 2014-526391 (PTD 2) discloses a surface-coated cutting tool having a coating including an α-Al2O3 layer in which a length of a Σ3 crystal grain boundary exceeds 80% of a length of a Σ3-29 crystal grain boundary.
CITATION LIST
Patent Document


    PTD 1: Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2006-198735
    PTD 2: Japanese National Patent Publication No. 2014-526391


SUMMARY OF INVENTION
Technical Problem
As a ratio of a Σ3 crystal grain boundary in grain boundaries included in an α-Al2O3 layer is higher in a coating including the α-Al2O3 layer composed of polycrystalline α-Al2O3, various characteristics represented by mechanical characteristics improve and hence resistance to wear and resistance to breakage are improved. It is thus expected that a cutting tool is longer in life.
In recent working by cutting, however, a speed and efficiency have become high, load imposed on a cutting tool has increased, and life of the cutting tool has disadvantageously become short. Therefore, further improvement in mechanical characteristics of a coating on the cutting tool and longer life of the cutting tool have been demanded.
The present invention was made in view of such circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a surface-coated cutting tool achieving improved mechanical characteristics of a coating and longer life.
Solution to Problem
A surface-coated cutting tool according to one embodiment of the present invention is provided with a base material and a coating formed on the base material, the coating includes an α-Al2O3 layer, the α-Al2O3 layer includes a plurality of crystal grains of α-Al2O3 and shows (001) orientation, a grain boundary of the crystal grains contains a CSL grain boundary and a general grain boundary, and a length of a Σ3 crystal grain boundary out of the CSL grain boundary exceeds 80% of a length of a Σ3-29 crystal grain boundary and is equal to or more than 10% and equal to or less than 50% of the total length of all grain boundaries which is the sum of the length of the Σ3-29 crystal grain boundary and a length of the general grain boundary.
Advantageous Effects of Invention
According to the above, mechanical characteristics of a coating can be improved and life of a cutting tool can further be longer.


DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[Description of Embodiments of Present Invention]
Embodiments of the present invention will initially be listed and described.
[1] A surface-coated cutting tool according to one embodiment of the present invention is provided with a base material and a coating formed on the base material, the coating includes an α-Al2O3 layer, the α-Al2O3 layer includes a plurality of crystal grains of α-Al2O3 and shows (001) orientation, a grain boundary of the crystal grains contains a CSL grain boundary and a general grain boundary, and a length of a Σ3 crystal grain boundary out of the CSL grain boundary exceeds 80% of a length of a Σ3-29 crystal grain boundary and is equal to or more than 10% and equal to or less than 50% of the total length of all grain boundaries which is the sum of the length of the Σ3-29 crystal grain boundary and a length of the general grain boundary. This surface-coated cutting tool achieves improved mechanical characteristics of a coating and longer life.
[2] Preferably, the CSL grain boundary is constituted of the Σ3 crystal grain boundary, a Σ7 crystal grain boundary, a Σ11 crystal grain boundary, a Σ17 crystal grain boundary, a Σ19 crystal grain boundary, a Σ21 crystal grain boundary, a Σ23 crystal grain boundary, and a Σ29 crystal grain boundary, and the length of the Σ3-29 crystal grain boundary is a total sum of lengths of the Σ3 crystal grain boundary, the Σ7 crystal grain boundary, the Σ11 crystal grain boundary, the Σ17 crystal grain boundary, the Σ19 crystal grain boundary, the Σ21 crystal grain boundary, the Σ23 crystal grain boundary, and the Σ29 crystal grain boundary, which constitute the CSL grain boundary. The effect above is thus sufficiently exhibited.
[3] Preferably, the α-Al2O3 layer has a thickness from 2 to 20 μm. The characteristics above are thus most effectively exhibited.
[4] Preferably, the α-Al2O3 layer has surface roughness Ra less than 0.2 μm. Thus, adhesive wear between a work material and a cutting edge of the tool is suppressed and consequently resistance to chipping of the cutting edge is improved.
[5] Preferably, the α-Al2O3 layer includes a point where an absolute value for compressive stress is maximal, in a region within 2 μm from a surface side of the coating, and the absolute value for compressive stress at the point is lower than 1 GPa. Thus, breakage of the cutting edge of the tool due to mechanical and thermal fatigue which occurs during an intermittent cutting process is suppressed and consequently reliability of the cutting edge is improved.
[6] Preferably, the coating includes a TiCxNy layer between the base material and the α-Al2O3 layer, and the TiCxNy layer contains TiCxNy satisfying atomic ratio relation of 0.6≦x/(x+y)≦0.8. Adhesion between the base material and the α-Al2O3 layer is thus improved.
[Details of Embodiments of Present Invention]
Embodiments of the present invention (hereinafter also denoted as the “present embodiment”) will be described in further detail below.
<Surface-Coated Cutting Tool>
The surface-coated cutting tool according to the present embodiment is provided with a base material and a coating formed on the base material. Though such a coating preferably covers the entire surface of the base material, a part of the base material being not covered with the coating or a partially different construction of the coating does not depart from the scope of the present embodiment.
The surface-coated cutting tool in the present embodiment can suitably be employed as a cutting tool such as a drill, an end mill, a throwaway tip for a drill, a throwaway tip for an end mill, a throwaway tip for milling, a throwaway tip for turning, a metal saw, a gear cutting tool, a reamer, and a tap.
<Base Material>
For a base material for the surface-coated cutting tool in the present embodiment, any conventionally known base material of such a kind can be employed. Such a base material is preferably exemplified by cemented carbide (for example, WC-based cemented carbide, which contains not only WC but also Co, or to which a carbonitride of Ti, Ta, or Nb may be added), cermet (mainly composed of TiC, TiN, or TiCN), high-speed steel, ceramics (titanium carbide, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, or aluminum oxide), a cubic boron nitride sintered object, or a diamond sintered object.
Among these various base materials, in particular, WC-based cemented carbide or cermet (in particular, TiCN-based cermet) is preferably selected. This is because such base materials are particularly excellent in balance between hardness and strength at a high temperature and have characteristics excellent as a base material for the surface-coated cutting tool in applications above.
When a surface-coated cutting tool is implemented as a throwaway chip, a base material thereof may or may not have a chip breaker, and a cutting edge ridgeline portion may have a sharp edge (a ridge at which a rake face and a flank face intersect with each other), may be honed (a sharp edge provided with R), may have a negative land (beveled), and may be honed and have a negative land.
<Coating>
The coating according to the present embodiment may include other layers so long as it includes an α-Al2O3 layer. Examples of other layers can include a TiN layer, a TiCN layer, a TiBNO layer, a TiCNO layer, a TiB2 layer, a TiAlN layer, a TiAlCN layer, a TiAlON layer, and a TiAlONC layer. An order of layering is not particularly limited.
In the present embodiment, a chemical formula such as “TiN”, “TiCN,” or “TiCxNy” in which an atomic ratio is not particularly specified in the present embodiment does not indicate that an atomic ratio of each element is limited only to “1” but encompasses all conventionally known atomic ratios.
Such a coating according to the present embodiment has a function to improve various characteristics such as resistance to wear and resistance to chipping by covering the base material.
Such a coating according to the present embodiment has a thickness suitably of 3-30 μm (not smaller than 3 μm and not greater than 30 μm; a numerical range expressed with “-” in the present application refers to a range including upper limit and lower limit numeric values) and more preferably of 5-20 μm. When a thickness is smaller than 3 μm, resistance to wear may be insufficient, and when the thickness exceeds 30 μm, peel-off or destruction of the coating may occur with high frequency during intermittent working, with application of a large stress between the coating and the base material.
<α-Al2O3 Layer>
The coating according to the present embodiment includes an α-Al2O3 layer. The coating can include one α-Al2O3 layer or two or more α-Al2O3 layers.
The α-Al2O3 layer contains a plurality of crystal grains of α-Al2O3 (aluminum oxide of which crystal structure is of an α type). Namely, this layer is composed of polycrystalline α-Al2O3. Normally, these crystal grains have a grain size approximately from 100 to 2000 nm.
The α-Al2O3 layer shows (001) orientation. Here, “showing (001) orientation” refers to such a condition that a ratio of crystal grains (α-Al2O3) of which normal direction to a (001) plane is within ±20° with respect to a normal direction to a surface of the α-Al2O3 layer (a surface located on a surface side of the coating) is not lower than 50% in the α-Al2O3 layer. Specifically, it refers to such a condition that, when a vertical cross-section of the α-Al2O3 layer (a cross-section in parallel to the normal direction to the surface of the α-Al2O3 layer) is observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) known as electron beam backscattering diffraction (EBSD) which will be described later and a result thereof is subjected to image processing with color mapping, an area ratio of the above-described crystal grains in the α-Al2O3 layer is not lower than 50%.
A grain boundary of a plurality of crystal grains of α-Al2O3 (hereinafter also simply denoted as a “crystal grain boundary”) contains a CSL grain boundary and a general grain boundary, and a length of a Σ3 crystal grain boundary out of the CSL grain boundary exceeds 80% of a length of a Σ3-29 crystal grain boundary and is equal to or more than 10% and equal to or less than 50% of the total length of all grain boundaries which is the sum of the length of the Σ3-29 crystal grain boundary and a length of the general grain boundary. Thus, the coating (α-Al2O3 layer) according to the present embodiment can achieve improved mechanical characteristics and hence longer life of the cutting tool.
The crystal grain boundary significantly affects characteristics of a substance such as growth of crystal grains, creep characteristics, diffusion characteristics, electric characteristics, optical characteristics, and mechanical characteristics. Important characteristics to be taken into consideration include, for example, a density of crystal grain boundaries in a substance, a chemical composition of an interface, and a crystallographic texture, that is, a crystal grain boundary plane orientation and crystal misorientation. In particular, a coincidence site lattice (CSL) crystal grain boundary plays a special role. The CSL crystal grain boundary (also simply referred to as a “CSL grain boundary”) is characterized by a multiplicity index Σ, and is defined as a ratio between a density of sites of crystal lattices of two crystal grains in contact with each other at the crystal grain boundary and a density of sites which coincide with each other when the crystal lattices are superimposed on each other. It has generally been admitted that, in a simple structure, a crystal grain boundary having a low Σ value tends to have low interface energy and special characteristics. Therefore, control of a ratio of a special crystal grain boundary and a crystal misorientation distribution estimated from a CSL model is considered as important for characteristics of a ceramic coating and a method of improving those characteristics.
A technique based on a scanning electron microscope (SEM) known as electron beam backscattered diffraction (EBSD) has recently appeared and has been used for studies of a crystal grain boundary in a ceramic substance. The EBSD technique is based on automatic analysis of a Kikuchi diffraction pattern generated by backscattered electrons.
A crystallographic orientation of each crystal grain of a substance of interest is determined after indexing of a corresponding diffraction pattern. A texture is analyzed and a grain boundary character distribution (GBCD) is determined relatively easily with EBSD, with the use of commercially available software. Crystal grain boundary misorientation of a sample population having a large interface can be determined by applying EBSD to the interfaces. Misorientation distribution is normally associated with a condition for treatment of a substance. Crystal grain boundary misorientation can be obtained based on a common orientation parameter such as an Euler angle, an angle/axis pair, or a Rodrigues' vector. The CSL model is widely used as a tool for determining characteristics.
The CSL grain boundary in the present embodiment is normally constituted not only of the Σ3 crystal grain boundary but also of the Σ7 crystal grain boundary, the Σ11 crystal grain boundary, the Σ17 crystal grain boundary, the Σ19 crystal grain boundary, the Σ21 crystal grain boundary, the Σ23 crystal grain boundary, and the Σ29 crystal grain boundary. Even when any one or more crystal grain boundaries other than the Σ3 crystal grain boundary are not observed in observation with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) known as electron beam backscattered diffraction (EBSD), such a case does not depart from the scope of the present embodiment so long as an effect of the present embodiment is exhibited.
The Σ3 crystal grain boundary in the present embodiment is considered as lowest in grain boundary energy among CSL crystal grain boundaries of α-Al2O3, and hence it is considered that mechanical characteristics (in particular, resistance to plastic deformation) can be enhanced by increasing a ratio thereof in all CSL crystal grain boundaries. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the all CSL crystal grain boundaries are denoted as a Σ3-29 crystal grain boundary, and a length of the Σ3 crystal grain boundary is defined as exceeding 80% of a length of the Σ3-29 crystal grain boundary. The length of the Σ3 crystal grain boundary is more preferably 83% or higher and further preferably 85% or higher of the length of the Σ3-29 crystal grain boundary. A numeric value is thus preferably as high as possible, and an upper limit thereof does not have to be defined. From a point of view of a thin film being polycrystalline, however, the upper limit is 99% or lower.
Here, the length of the Σ3 crystal grain boundary refers to a total length of the Σ3 crystal grain boundary in a field of view observed with EBSD, and the length of the Σ3-29 crystal grain boundary refers to a total length of the Σ3-29 crystal grain boundary defined below, in a field of view observed with EBSD. Namely, the length of the Σ3-29 crystal grain boundary is the total sum of lengths of the Σ3 crystal grain boundary, the Σ7 crystal grain boundary, the Σ11 crystal grain boundary, the Σ17 crystal grain boundary, the Σ19 crystal grain boundary, the Σ21 crystal grain boundary, the Σ23 crystal grain boundary, and the Σ29 crystal grain boundary, which constitute the CSL grain boundary.
Since the Σ3 crystal grain boundary has high conformity as is clear also from the fact that it is low in grain boundary energy, two crystal grains of which grain boundary is defined by the Σ3 crystal grain boundary exhibit a behavior similar to a behavior of a single crystal or twin crystals and tend to be coarser. As crystal grains are coarser, characteristics of a coating such as resistance to chipping lowers and hence coarsening should be suppressed. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the suppression effect above is ensured by defining the length of the Σ3 crystal grain boundary to be not lower than 10% and not higher than 50% of the total length of all grain boundaries.
Therefore, when the length of the Σ3 crystal grain boundary exceeds 50% of the total length of all grain boundaries, crystal grains unfavorably become coarser, and when it is lower than 10%, excellent mechanical characteristics cannot be obtained. A more preferred range is from 20 to 45% and a further preferred range is from 30 to 40%.
Here, all grain boundaries refer to the CSL crystal grain boundary and crystal grain boundaries other than the CSL crystal grain boundary as being added. The crystal grain boundaries other than the CSL crystal grain boundary are called a general grain boundary for the sake of convenience. Therefore, the general grain boundary refers to a remainder resulting from exclusion of the Σ3-29 crystal grain boundary from all grain boundaries of crystal grains of α-Al2O3 in observation with EBSD. Therefore, the “total length of all grain boundaries” can be expressed as the “sum of the length of the Σ3-29 crystal grain boundary and the length of the general grain boundary.”
In the present embodiment, whether or not the length of the Σ3 crystal grain boundary exceeds 80% of the length of the Σ3-29 crystal grain boundary and whether or not the length of the Σ3 crystal grain boundary is not lower than 10% and not higher than 50% of the total length of all grain boundaries can be determined as follows.
Initially, an α-Al2O3 layer is formed based on a manufacturing method which will be described later. Then, the formed α-Al2O3 layer (including the base material) is cut to obtain a cross-section perpendicular to the α-Al2O3 layer (that is, cut to expose a cut surface obtained by cutting the α-Al2O3 layer along a plane including a normal line to the surface of the α-Al2O3 layer). Thereafter, the cut surface is polished with water resistant sandpaper (which contains an SiC grain abrasive as an abrasive).
The α-Al2O3 layer is cut, for example, in such a manner that the surface of the α-Al2O3 layer (when another layer is formed on the α-Al2O3 layer, a surface of the coating) is fixed with the use of wax or the like as being in intimate contact to a sufficiently large flat plate for holding, and thereafter the α-Al2O3 layer is cut in a direction perpendicular to the flat plate with a cutter with a rotary blade (cut such that the rotary blade and the flat plate are as perpendicular as possible to each other). Any portion of the α-Al2O3 layer may be cut so long as the α-Al2O3 layer is cut in such a perpendicular direction, however, the α-Al2O3 layer is preferably cut such that a tip end portion of a cutting edge as will be described later is included.
The cut surface is polished successively with water resistant sandpaper #400, #800, and #1500 (the number (#) of the water resistant sandpaper means a difference in grain size of the abrasive, and a greater number indicates a smaller grain size of the abrasive).
In succession, the polished surface is further smoothened through ion milling treatment with the use of Ar ions. Conditions for ion milling treatment are as follows.
Acceleration voltage: 6 kV
Irradiation angle: 0° from a direction of normal to the surface of the α-Al2O3 layer (that is, a linear direction in parallel to a direction of thickness of the α-Al2O3 layer at the cut surface)
Irradiation time period: 6 hours
Thereafter, the smoothened polished surface is observed with the SEM with EBSD. Though a location of observation is not particularly limited, the tip end portion of the cutting edge is preferably observed in consideration of relation with cutting characteristics. The tip end portion of the cutting edge normally means a cutting edge ridgeline portion where the rake face and the flank face intersect with each other. When the cutting edge ridgeline portion is honed or beveled, however, any portion in a honed or beveled area is observed.
Zeiss Supra 35 VP (manufactured by CARL ZEISS) including an HKL NL02 EBSD detector is employed as the SEM. EBSD data is successively collected by individually positioning focused electron beams onto each pixel.
A normal line to a sample surface (the smoothened α-Al2O3 layer) is inclined by 70° with respect to incident beams, and analysis is conducted at 15 kV. In order to avoid a charging effect, a pressure of 10 Pa is applied. A high current mode is set in conformity with a diameter of an opening of 60 μm or 120 μm. Data is collected stepwise at 0.1 μm/step, for 500×300 points corresponding to a plane region of 50×30 μm on the polished surface.
Data is processed with and without noise filtering. Noise filtering and crystal grain boundary character distribution are determined by using commercially available software (a trademark: “orientation Imaging microscopy Ver 6.2” manufactured by EDAX Inc.). The crystal grain boundary character distribution is analyzed based on data available from Grimmer (H. Grimmer, R. Bonnet, Philosophical Magazine A 61 (1990), 493-509). With Brandon criterion (ΔΘ<Θ0 (Σ)−0.5, where Θ0=15°), a tolerance of an experimental value from a theoretical value is taken into account (D. Brandon Acta metall. 14 (1966), 1479-1484). Special crystal grain boundaries corresponding to any Σ value are counted, and the count is expressed as a ratio to all crystal grain boundaries. Namely, as set forth above, the length of the Σ3 crystal grain boundary, the length of the Σ3-29 crystal grain boundary, and the total length of all grain boundaries can be found.
Whether or not the α-Al2O3 layer shows (001) orientation can be determined as follows. After the α-Al2O3 layer is cut to obtain a cross-section perpendicular to the α-Al2O3 layer similarly to the above, polishing and smoothing treatment are similarly carried out.
Then, whether or not the α-Al2O3 layer shows (001) orientation in the cut surface thus treated is determined with an SEM with EBSD as above. Specifically, with software the same as the above, an angle formed between a direction of normal to the (001) plane of each measured pixel and a direction of normal to the surface of the α-Al2O3 layer (the surface located on the surface side of the coating) (that is, the linear direction in parallel to the direction of thickness of the α-Al2O3 layer at the cut surface) is calculated, and a color map in which a pixel having the angle within ±20° is selected is created. In this case, the color map is created over the entire surface of the cut surface (that is, the α-Al2O3 layer).
Specifically, with the technique according to “Crystal Direction MAP” included in the software, a color map of Tolerance of 20° (a difference in direction being within) ±20° between the direction of normal to the surface of the α-Al2O3 layer and the direction of normal to the (001) plane of each measured pixel is created. Then, an area ratio of the pixel is calculated based on this color map and the area ratio being 50% or higher is defined as “the α-Al2O3 layer showing (001) orientation.”
<Thickness of α-Al2O3 Layer>
The α-Al2O3 layer preferably has a thickness from 2 to 20 μm. The excellent effect as above can thus be exhibited. The thickness is more preferably from 3 to 15 μm and further preferably from 5 to 10 μm.
When the thickness is smaller than 2 μm, the excellent effect as above may not sufficiently be exhibited. When the thickness exceeds 20 μm, interface stress attributed to a difference in coefficient of linear expansion between the α-Al2O3 layer and another layer such as an underlying layer increases and crystal grains of α-Al2O3 may come off. Such a thickness can be determined by observing a vertical cross-section of the base material and the coating with a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
<Surface Roughness of α-Al2O3 Layer>
The α-Al2O3 layer has surface roughness Ra preferably less than 0.2 μm. Thus, not only a coefficient of friction between chips and a cutting edge of a tool lowers and resistance to chipping improves but also stable capability to discharge chips can be exhibited. Surface roughness Ra is more preferably less than 0.15 μm and further preferably less than 0.10 μm. Surface roughness Ra is thus preferably as low as possible, and a lower limit thereof does not have to be defined. From a point of view of the fact that a coating is affected by a surface texture of the base material, however, the lower limit is 0.05 μm or greater.
In the present application, surface roughness Ra means arithmetical mean roughness Ra defined under JIS B 0601 (2001).
<Compressive Stress of α-Al2O3 Layer>
The α-Al2O3 layer preferably includes a point where an absolute value for compressive stress is maximal, in a region within 2 μm from a surface side of the coating, and the absolute value for compressive stress at the point is lower than 1 GPa. Thus, sudden breakage of a cutting edge due to mechanical and thermal fatigue of the cutting edge of the tool which occurs during an intermittent cutting process is suppressed and a manpower saving/energy saving effect can be exhibited. The absolute value is more preferably lower than 0.9 GPa and further preferably lower than 0.8 GPa. Though the lower limit of the absolute value is not particularly limited, from a point of view of balance between resistance to wear and resistance to breakage, the lower limit is not lower than 0.2 GPa.
The “surface side of the coating” here means a side opposite to a side of the base material in the direction of thickness of the α-Al2O3 layer, and when no other layer is formed on the α-Al2O3 layer, it means the surface of the α-Al2O3 layer.
Compressive stress in the present embodiment can be measured with the conventionally known sin2 ψ method and constant penetration depth method which use X-rays.
<TiCxNy Layer>
The coating according to the present embodiment can include a TiCxNy layer between the base material and the α-Al2O3 layer. This TiCxNy layer preferably contains TiCxNy satisfying atomic ratio relation of 0.6≦x/(x+y)≦0.8. Adhesion between the base material and the α-Al2O3 layer is thus improved.
The atomic ratio is more preferably 0.65≦x/(x+y)≦0.75 and further preferably 0.67≦x/(x+y)≦0.72. When x/(x+y) is smaller than 0.6, resistance to wear may be insufficient, and when it exceeds 0.8, resistance to chipping may be insufficient.
<Manufacturing Method>
The surface-coated cutting tool according to the present embodiment can be manufactured by forming a coating on a base material through chemical vapor deposition. When a coating other than the α-Al2O3 layer is formed in the coating, such a coating can be formed under conventionally known conditions. The α-Al2O3 layer can be formed as below.
Initially, AlCl3, HCl, CO2, CO, H2S, O2, and H2 are employed as source gases. Amounts of blend of AlCl3, HCl, CO2, CO, H2S, and O2 are set to 3 to 5 volume %, 4 to 6 volume %, 0.5 to 2 volume %, 0.1 to 1 volume %, 1 to 5 volume %, and 0.0001 to 0.01 volume %, respectively, and H2 is adopted as the remainder. Volume ratios of 0.1≦CO/CO2≦1, 0.1≦CO2/H2S≦1, 0.1≦CO2/AlCl3≦1, and 0.5≦AlCl3/HCl≦1 are preferably adopted.
Various conditions for chemical vapor deposition include a temperature from 950 to 1050° C., a pressure from 1 to 5 kPa, and a gas flow rate (a total amount of gases) from 50 to 100 L/min.
After the α-Al2O3 layer is thus once formed through chemical vapor deposition, annealing is performed. Conditions for annealing include a temperature from 1050 to 1080° C., a pressure from 50 to 100 kPa, and a time period from 120 to 300 minutes. An atmosphere for this annealing is obtained by feeding H2 and argon (Ar) each at a flow rate of 20 to 30 L/min.
The α-Al2O3 layer according to the present embodiment having a desired thickness can thus be formed. In particular, by setting a volume ratio of O2 in the source gas to the range above, a sufficient rate of film formation can be ensured while the possibility of explosion is lowered. Annealing as above after film formation can prevent an impurity such as sulfur from remaining in the α-Al2O3 layer. Therefore, the above method is particularly excellent as the method of manufacturing the α-Al2O3 layer according to the present embodiment.
EXAMPLES
Though the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to Examples, the present invention is not limited thereto.
<Preparation of Base Material>
Two types of base materials of a base material P and a base material K shown in Table 1 below were prepared. Specifically, a base material made of cemented carbide and having a shape of CNMG120408NUX (manufactured by Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd., JIS B4120 (2013)) was obtained by uniformly mixing source material powders as formulated as shown in Table 1, forming the powders into a prescribed shape by applying a pressure, and sintering the formed powders for 1 to 2 hours at 1300 to 1500° C.









TABLE 1









Formulated Composition (Mass %)















Co
ZrC
VC
Cr3C2
NbC
TaC
WC


















P
7.0
1.0
—
—
3.5
1.0
Remainder


K
5.0
—
0.3
0.5
1.0
2.0
Remainder









<Formation of Coating>
A coating was formed on a surface of each base material obtained as above. Specifically, a coating was formed on the base material through chemical vapor deposition, with the base material being set in a chemical vapor deposition apparatus. Conditions for forming the coating are as shown in Tables 2 and 3 below. Table 2 shows conditions for forming each layer other than the α-Al2O3 layer, and Table 3 shows conditions for forming the α-Al2O3 layer. TiBNO and TiCNO in Table 2 represent an intermediate layer in Table 5 which will be described later, and other components correspond to layers except for the α-Al2O3 layer in Table 5. The TiCxNy layer is composed of TiCxNy in which an atomic ratio x/(x+y) is set to 0.7.
As shown in Table 3, there are 10 conditions of A to G and X to Z for forming the α-Al2O3 layer, and A to G correspond to the conditions in Examples and X to Z correspond to the conditions in Comparative Examples (conventional art).
Only the α-Al2O3 layer in Examples formed under conditions A to G was annealed under conditions of 1050° C., 50 kPa, a flow rate of H2 being set to 20 L/min., and a flow rate of Ar being set to 30 L/min. for an annealing time period shown in Table 4.
For example, formation condition A indicates that the α-Al2O3 layer is formed by supplying a source gas composed of 3.2 volume % of AlCl3, 4.0 volume % of HCl, 1.0 volume % of CO2, 0.5 volume % of CO, 2 volume % of H2S, 0.003 volume % of O2, and remainder H2 to the chemical vapor deposition apparatus, performing chemical vapor deposition under conditions of a pressure of 3.5 kPa, a temperature of 1000° C., and a flow rate (a total amount of gases) of 70 L/min., and thereafter performing annealing for 180 minutes under the conditions above.
Each layer other than the α-Al2O3 layer shown in Table 2 was formed similarly through chemical vapor deposition, except for not performing annealing. The “remainder” in Table 2 indicates that H2 occupies the remainder of the source gases. The “total amount of gases” indicates a total volume flow rate introduced into the chemical vapor deposition apparatus per unit time, with a gas in a standard condition (0° C. and 1 atmospheric pressure) being defined as the ideal gas (also applicable to the α-Al2O3 layer in Table 3).
A composition and a thickness of each coating were determined with an SEM-EDX (scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry), and a length of the Σ3 crystal grain boundary, a length of the Σ3-29 crystal grain boundary, and a total length of all grain boundaries of the α-Al2O3 layer were determined with the method described above. Whether or not the α-Al2O3 layer shows (001) orientation was also determined with the method described above.
Consequently, the composition and the thickness of each coating are as shown in Table 5, and how much % of the length of the Σ3-29 crystal grain boundary and how much % of the total length of all grain boundaries the length of the Σ3 crystal grain boundary of the α-Al2O3 layer occupies are shown in fields of “Σ3/Σ3-29” and “Σ3/all grain boundaries” in Table 4. A ratio (%) of crystal grains (α-Al2O3) of which normal direction to the (001) plane is within ±20° with respect to the normal direction to the surface of the α-Al2O3 layer (the surface located on the surface side of the coating) is similarly shown in a field of “ratio of (001) orientation” in Table 4.









TABLE 2









Conditions for Film Formation













Pressure
Temperature
Total Amount of



Composition of Source Gas (Volume %)
(kPa)
(° C.)
Gases (L/min)















TiN
TiCl4 = 2.0%, N2 = 39.7%, H2 = Remainder
30
900
50.0


(Underlying


Layer)


TiN
TiCl4 = 0.5%, N2 = 41.2%, H2 = Remainder
79.8
1050
75.5


(Outermost


Layer)


TiCxNy
TiCl4 = 2.0%, CH3CN = 0.7%,
8
850
67.9



C2H4 = 1.5%, H2 = Remainder


TiBNO
TiCl4 = 36.7%, BCl3 = 0.1%, CO = 1.6%,
6.7
980
56.2



CO2 = 1.7%, N2 = 61.7%, H2 = Remainder


TiCNO
TiCl4 = 2.1%, CO = 3.2%, CH4 = 2.8%,
16.0
1030
49.4



N2 = 23.7%, H2 = Remainder


















TABLE 3









Conditions for



Film Formation

















Total







Amount



Composition of Source Gas
Composition of Source Gas

Tem-
of



(Volume %)
(Volume Ratio)
Pressure
perature
Gases






















AlCl3
HCl
CO2
CO
H2S
O2
H2
CO/CO2
CO2H2S
CO2/AlCl3
AlCl3/HCl
(kPa)
(° C.)
(L/min)


























Example
A
3.2
4.0
1.0
0.5
2
0.0030
Remainder
0.5
0.50
0.3
0.8
3.5
1000
70



B
3.5
5.0
0.8
0.4
1.8
0.0060
Remainder
0.5
0.44
0.2
0.7
3.5
1000
70



C
3.0
6.0
0.5
0.3
1.6
0.0800
Remainder
0.6
0.31
0.2
0.5
3.0
1010
60



D
4.4
5.0
1.0
0.6
1.1
0.0005
Remainder
0.6
0.91
0.2
0.9
4.0
980
75



E
5.2
6.0
1.6
0.8
2
0.0075
Remainder
0.5
0.80
0.3
0.9
3.5
1000
70



F
3.8
4.5
2.0
1.0
3
0.0009
Remainder
0.5
0.67
0.5
0.8
4.0
980
80



G
5.0
5.5
1.0
0.5
5
0.0100
Remainder
0.5
0.20
0.2
0.9
3.0
1020
60


Comparative
X
10
5.0
15
—
0.2
—
Remainder
—
75
1.5
2.0
5
1050
50


Example
Y
2
2.0
3
—
0.6
—
Remainder
—
5
1.5
1.0
8
1020
55



Z
2
1.5
6
—
0.05
—
Remainder
—
120
3.0
1.3
6
1020
50





















TABLE 4







Time

Σ3/All
Ratio of



Period for

Grain
(001)



Annealing
Σ3/Σ3-29
Boundaries
Orientation



(min)
(%)
(%)
(%)





















Example
A
180
90
34
60



B
180
88
30
57



C
120
93
36
64



D
240
85
18
55



E
180
85
20
50



F
300
87
24
54



G
180
98
42
75


Comparative
X
—
75
3
52


Example
Y
—
84
5
44



Z
—
50
1
13









<Fabrication of Surface-Coated Cutting Tool>
Surface-coated cutting tools in Examples 1 to 15 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 shown in Table 5 below were each fabricated by forming a coating on the base material under the conditions in Tables 2 to 4. A thickness of each layer was adjusted by adjusting as appropriate a time period for film formation (a rate of film formation of each layer was approximately from 0.5 to 2.0 μm/hour).
For example, the surface-coated cutting tool in Example 4 has a coating having a total thickness of 12.0 μm formed on the base material, by adopting base material P shown in Table 1 as the base material, forming a TiN layer having a thickness of 0.5 μm as an underlying layer on the surface of base material P under the conditions in Table 2, forming a TiCxNy layer having a thickness of 5.0 μm on the underlying layer under the conditions in Table 2, forming a TiBNO layer having a thickness of 0.5 μm as an intermediate layer on the TiCxNy layer under the conditions in Table 2, fabricating the α-Al2O3 layer having a thickness of 5.0 μm on the intermediate layer under formation condition B in Tables 3 and 4, and thereafter forming a TiN layer having a thickness of 1.0 μm as an outermost layer under the conditions in Table 2. In the α-Al2O3 layer of the surface-coated cutting tool in Example 4, a length of the Σ3 crystal grain boundary is 88% of the length of the Σ3-29 crystal grain boundary and 30% of the total length of all grain boundaries. This α-Al2O3 layer shows (001) orientation (that is, a ratio of crystal grains (α-Al2O3) of which normal direction to the (001) plane is within ±20° with respect to the normal direction to the surface of the α-Al2O3 layer is 57% in the α-Al2O3 layer).
Since the α-Al2O3 layer in each of Comparative Examples 1 to 6 was formed under the conditions according to the conventional art which are not in accordance with the method of the present invention, this α-Al2O3 layer was formed of a crystal texture not exhibiting characteristics as in the present invention (see Tables 3 and 4).
Blank fields in Table 5 indicate absence of a corresponding layer.










TABLE 5









Construction of Coating (μm)
Total Thickness















Type of Base
Underlying Layer
TiCxNy
Intermediate

Outermost Layer
of Coating



Material
(TiN layer)
Layer
Layer
α-Al2O3 Layer
(TiN layer)
(μm)


















Example 1
P
0.5
9.0
TiBNO (0.5)
A (7.0)
—
17.0


Example 2
P
0.5
9.0
TiCNO (0.5)
C (7.0)
—
17.0


Example 3
P
0.5
10.5
TiBNO (0.5)
E (11.0)
0.5
23.0


Example 4
P
0.5
5.0
TiBNO (0.5)
B (5.0)
1.0
12.0


Example 5
P
0.5
9.0
TiCNO (0.5)
F (7.0)
—
17.0


Example 6
P
0.5
6.0
TiCNO (0.5)
D (2.0)
—
9.0


Example 7
P
0.5
13.0
TiCNO (0.5)
G (13.5)
1.0
28.5


Example 8
K
0.5
15.5
TiBNO (0.5)
D (10.0)
—
26.5


Example 9
K
0.5
5.0
TiBNO (0.5)
A (8.0)
0.8
14.8


Example 10
K
0.5
12.5
TiCNO (0.5)
G (14.0)
1.0
28.5


Example 11
K
0.5
9.0
TiCNO (0.5)
F (7.0)
—
17.0


Example 12
K
0.5
9.5
TiBNO (0.5)
C (6.5)
1.0
18.0


Example 13
K
0.5
10.5
TiCNO (0.5)
E (11.0)
0.5
23.0


Example 14
K
0.5
5.0
TiCNO (0.5)
B (3.0)
—
9.0


Example 15
K
0.5
6.0
TiCNO (0.5)
D (20.0)
—
27.0


Comparative
P
0.5
9.0
TiCNO (0.5)
X (7.0)
—
17.0


Example 1


Comparative
P
0.5
9.0
TiCNO (0.5)
Y (7.0)
—
17.0


Example 2


Comparative
P
0.5
9.0
TiCNO (0.5)
Z (7.0)
—
17.0


Example 3


Comparative
K
0.5
9.0
TiCNO (0.5)
X (7.0)
—
17.0


Example 4


Comparative
K
0.5
9.0
TiCNO (0.5)
Y (7.0)
—
17.0


Example 5


Comparative
K
0.5
9.0
TiCNO (0.5)
Z (7.0)
—
17.0


Example 6









<Cutting Test>
Five types of cutting tests below were conducted on the surface-coated cutting tools obtained above.
<Cutting Test 1>
For the surface-coated cutting tools in Examples and Comparative Examples shown in Table 6 below, under cutting conditions below, a time period of cutting until an amount of wear of the flank face (Vb) reached 0.20 mm was counted and a final form of damage of a cutting edge was observed. Table 6 shows results. A longer time period of cutting indicates better resistance to wear and longer life of the tool. The final form of damage shown as wear indicates good resistance to chipping and similarly longer life of the tool.
<Conditions for Cutting>
Work material: Cutting of outer circumference of round rod of SUJ2
Peripheral speed: 350 m/min.
Feed rate: 0.2 mm/rev
Cutting depth: 2.0 mm
Coolant: used










TABLE 6







Time Period of




Cutting (Minute)
Final Form of Damage


















Example 1
40
Wear


Example 2
43
Wear


Example 3
38
Wear


Example 4
37
Wear


Example 5
33
Wear


Example 6
25
Wear


Example 7
35
Wear


Comparative Example 1
13
Chipping


Comparative Example 2
20
Wear


Comparative Example 3
10
Chipping









As is clear from Table 6, the surface-coated cutting tools in Examples are better in both of resistance to wear and resistance to chipping and longer in life of the tool than the surface-coated cutting tools in Comparative Examples. Namely, it could be confirmed that mechanical characteristics of the coating in the surface-coated cutting tools in Examples were improved.
<Cutting Test 2>
For the surface-coated cutting tools in Examples and Comparative Examples shown in Table 7 below, under cutting conditions below, a time period of cutting until an amount of wear of the flank face (Vb) reached 0.20 mm was counted and a final form of damage of a cutting edge was observed. Table 7 shows results. A longer time period of cutting indicates better resistance to wear and longer life of the tool. The final form of damage shown as wear indicates good resistance to chipping and similarly longer life of the tool.
<Conditions for Cutting>
Work material: Cutting of outer circumference of round rod of S50C
Peripheral speed: 300 m/min.
Feed rate: 0.5 mm/rev
Cutting depth: 2.0 mm
Coolant: used










TABLE 7







Time Period of




Cutting (Minute)
Final Form of Damage


















Example 1
37
Wear


Example 2
39
Wear


Example 4
35
Wear


Example 5
30
Wear


Comparative Example 1
10
Wear


Comparative Example 2
24
Wear


Comparative Example 3
17
Wear









As is clear from Table 7, the surface-coated cutting tools in Examples are better in resistance to wear and longer in life of the tool than the surface-coated cutting tools in Comparative Examples. Namely, it could be confirmed that mechanical characteristics of the coating in the surface-coated cutting tools in Examples were improved.
<Cutting Test 3>
For the surface-coated cutting tools in Examples and Comparative Examples shown in Table 8 below, under cutting conditions below, a time period of cutting until an amount of wear of the flank face (Vb) reached 0.20 mm was counted and a final form of damage of a cutting edge was observed. Table 8 shows results. A longer time period of cutting indicates better resistance to wear and longer life of the tool. The final form of damage shown as wear indicates good resistance to chipping and similarly longer life of the tool.
<Conditions for Cutting>
Work material: Cutting of outer circumference of round rod of FCD600
Peripheral speed: 300 m/min.
Feed rate: 0.3 mm/rev
Cutting depth: 1.5 mm
Coolant: used










TABLE 8







Time Period of




Cutting (Minute)
Final Form of Damage


















Example 8
20
Wear


Example 9
15
Wear


Example 10
27
Wear


Example 11
20
Wear


Example 12
25
Wear


Example 13
23
Wear


Example 14
16
Wear


Example 15
12
Wear


Comparative Example 4
5
Chipping


Comparative Example 5
8
Chipping


Comparative Example 6
5
Chipping









As is clear from Table 8, the surface-coated cutting tools in Examples are better in both of resistance to wear and resistance to chipping and longer in life of the tool than the surface-coated cutting tools in Comparative Examples. Namely, it could be confirmed that mechanical characteristics of the coating in the surface-coated cutting tools in Examples were improved.
<Cutting Test 4>
For the surface-coated cutting tools in Examples and Comparative Examples shown in Table 9 below, under cutting conditions below, a time period of cutting until an amount of wear of the flank face (Vb) reached 0.20 mm was counted and a final form of damage of a cutting edge was observed. Table 9 shows results. A longer time period of cutting indicates better resistance to wear and longer life of the tool. The final form of damage shown as wear indicates good resistance to chipping and similarly longer life of the tool.
<Conditions for Cutting>
Work material: Cutting of outer circumference of round rod of FC200
Peripheral speed: 500 m/min.
Feed rate: 0.25 mm/rev
Cutting depth: 1.5 mm
Coolant: used










TABLE 9







Time Period of




Cutting (Minute)
Final Form of Damage


















Example 9
16
Wear


Example 11
14
Wear


Example 12
17
Wear


Example 14
15
Wear


Example 15
12
Wear


Comparative Example 4
7
Wear


Comparative Example 5
9
Wear


Comparative Example 6
7
Wear









As is clear from Table 9, the surface-coated cutting tools in Examples are better in resistance to wear and longer in life of the tool than the surface-coated cutting tools in Comparative Examples. Namely, it could be confirmed that mechanical characteristics of the coating in the surface-coated cutting tools in Examples were improved.
<Cutting Test 5>
For the surface-coated cutting tools in Examples and Comparative Examples shown in Table 10 below, a time period of cutting until the tool is broken under cutting conditions below was counted. Table 10 shows results. A longer time period of cutting indicates better resistance to breakage and longer life of the tool.
<Conditions for Cutting>
Work material: SCM440 (cutting of outer circumference of 90°×4 grooves)
Peripheral speed: 200 m/min.
Feed rate: 0.2 mm/rev
Cutting depth: 1.5 mm
Coolant: used









TABLE 10







Time Period of Cutting



(Minute)



















Example 1
5.0



Example 2
5.0



Example 4
4.8



Example 5
4.5



Comparative Example 1
2.5



Comparative Example 2
3.0



Comparative Example 3
1.0



Example 9
3.0



Example 11
2.8



Example 12
3.5



Example 14
2.8



Example 15
2.5



Comparative Example 4
0.8



Comparative Example 5
1.0



Comparative Example 6
0.5










As is clear from Table 10, the surface-coated cutting tools in Examples are better in resistance to breakage and longer in life of the tool than the surface-coated cutting tools in Comparative Examples. Namely, it could be confirmed that mechanical characteristics of the coating in the surface-coated cutting tools in Examples were improved.
<Confirmation of Effect of Surface Roughness Ra of α-Al2O3 Layer>
Surface roughness Ra of the α-Al2O3 layer in the surface-coated cutting tools in Examples 1, 2, and 11 was measured under JIS B 0601 (2001). Table 11 shows results.
Then, surface-coated cutting tools in Examples 1A, 2A, and 11A were fabricated by subjecting the α-Al2O3 layer of each surface-coated cutting tool to aerolap treatment under conditions below. Surface roughness Ra of the α-Al2O3 layer in the surface-coated cutting tool was measured similarly to the above. Table 11 shows results.
<Conditions for Aerolap Treatment>
Media: elastic rubber media with a diameter of approximately 1 mm, which contain diamond grains having an average grain size of 0.1 μm (a trademark: “MultiCone” manufactured by Yamashita Works Co., Ltd.).
Projection pressure: 0.5 bar
Time period of projection: 30 seconds
Wet/dry: dry
For the surface-coated cutting tools in Examples 1, 1A, 2, 2A, 11, and 11A, a time period of cutting until an amount of wear of the flank face (Vb) reached 0.20 mm under cutting conditions below was counted. Table 11 shows results. A longer time period of cutting indicates stable capability to discharge chips, with a coefficient of friction between chips and the cutting edge of the tool being lower.
<Conditions for Cutting>
Work material: Cutting of outer circumference of round rod of SS400
Peripheral speed: 100 m/min.
Feed rate: 0.1 mm/rev
Cutting depth: 1.0 mm
Coolant: not used










TABLE 11







Surface Roughness
Time Period of Cutting



Ra (μm)
(Minute)




















Example 1
0.33
27



Example 1A
0.12
40



Example 2
0.30
30



Example 2A
0.10
53



Example 11
0.28
35



Example 11A
0.10
60










As is clear from Table 11, it could be confirmed that the surface-coated cutting tools in Examples 1A, 2A, and 11A including the α-Al2O3 layer having surface roughness Ra less than 0.2 μm could achieve lowering in coefficient of friction between chips and the cutting edge of the tool and exhibited stable capability to discharge chips, as compared with the surface-coated cutting tools in Examples 1, 2, and 11 including the α-Al2O3 layer having surface roughness Ra equal to or more than 0.2 μm.
<Confirmation of Effect of Compressive Stress Provided to α-Al2O3 Layer>
For the surface-coated cutting tools in Examples 1, 2, and 11, it was confirmed that there was a point where an absolute value for stress was maximal, in a region within 2 μm from the surface side of the coating in the α-Al2O3 layer, and the absolute value of stress at that point was measured. Table 12 shows results (in a field of “stress value”). Stress was measured with the sin2 ψ method using X-rays, and a numeric value in the field of “stress value” in Table 12 shows an absolute value, with tensile stress being denoted as “tensile” and compressive stress being denoted as “compressive”.
Then, surface-coated cutting tools in Examples 1B, 1C, 2B, 2C, and 11B were fabricated by subjecting the α-Al2O3 layer of each surface-coated cutting tool to wet blast treatment under conditions below. Then, for each surface-coated cutting tool, similarly to the above, it was confirmed that there was a point where an absolute value of stress was maximal, in a region within 2 μm from the surface side of the coating in the α-Al2O3 layer, and the absolute value of stress at that point was measured. Table 12 shows results (in a field of “stress value”). Difference in stress between Example 1B and Example 1C and between Example 2B and Example 2C is attributed to a difference in projection pressure in wet blast treatment.
<Conditions for Wet Blast Treatment>
Media: alumina media (φ 50 μm)
Projection pressure: 1 to 2 bar
Time period of projection: 10 seconds
Wet/dry: Wet
A time period of cutting until the tool is broken under conditions for cutting below was counted for the surface-coated cutting tools in Examples 1, 1B, 1C, 2, 2B, 2C, 11, and 11B. Table 12 shows results. A longer time period of cutting indicates suppression of breakage of the cutting edge of the tool due to mechanical and thermal fatigue which occurs during an intermittent cutting process and resultant improvement in reliability of the cutting edge.
<Conditions for Cutting>
Work material: SUS304 (cutting of outer circumference of 60°×3 grooves)
Peripheral speed: 150 m/min.
Feed rate: 0.25 mm/rev
Cutting depth: 1.0 mm
Coolant: not used











TABLE 12









Time Period of Cutting




Stress Value (GPa)
(Minute)





















Example 1
0.7
(Tensile)
12



Example 1B
0.8
(Compressive)
22



Example 1C
1.0
(Compressive)
20



Example 2
0.8
(Tensile)
10



Example 2B
0.6
(Compressive)
20



Example 2C
0.2
(Compressive)
14



Example 11
0.6
(Tensile)
15



Example 11B
0.8
(Compressive)
27










As is clear from Table 12, it could be confirmed that a point where the absolute value of stress was maximal was included in the region within 2 μm from the surface side of the coating in the α-Al2O3 layer, breakage of the cutting edge of the tool due to mechanical and thermal fatigue which occurred during an intermittent cutting process was suppressed in a case that stress at that point was compressive stress of which absolute value was smaller than 1 GPa as compared with a case that stress at that point was tensile stress, and consequently reliability of the cutting edge was improved.
Though the embodiment and the examples of the present invention have been described above, combination of features in each embodiment and example described above as appropriate and various modifications thereof are also originally intended.
It should be understood that the embodiment disclosed herein is illustrative and non-restrictive in every respect. The scope of the present invention is defined by the terms of the claims, rather than the embodiment above, and is intended to include any modifications within the scope and meaning equivalent to the terms of the claims.

## Claims

1. A surface-coated cutting tool, comprising:
a base material; and
a coating formed on the base material,
the coating including an α-Al2O3 layer,
the α-Al2O3 layer including a plurality of crystal grains of α-Al2O3 and showing (001) orientation,
a grain boundary of the crystal grains including a CSL grain boundary and a general grain boundary,
a length of a Σ3 crystal grain boundary out of the CSL grain boundary exceeding 80% of a length of a Σ3-29 crystal grain boundary and being equal to or more than 10% and equal to or less than 50% of a total length of all grain boundaries which is a sum of the length of the Σ3-29 crystal grain boundary and a length of the general grain boundary, and
the (001) orientation being defined as such a condition that a ratio of the crystal grains of α-Al2O3 of which normal direction to a (001) plane is within ±20° with respect to a normal direction to a surface of the α-Al2O3 layer is not lower than 50% in the α-Al2O3 layer.

2. The surface-coated cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein
the CSL grain boundary is constituted of the Σ3 crystal grain boundary, a Σ7 crystal grain boundary, a Σ11 crystal grain boundary, a Σ17 crystal grain boundary, a Σ19 crystal grain boundary, a Σ21 crystal grain boundary, a Σ23 crystal grain boundary, and a Σ29 crystal grain boundary, and
the length of the Σ3-29 crystal grain boundary is a total sum of lengths of the Σ3 crystal grain boundary, the Σ7 crystal grain boundary, the Σ11 crystal grain boundary, the Σ17 crystal grain boundary, the Σ19 crystal grain boundary, the Σ21 crystal grain boundary, the Σ23 crystal grain boundary, and the Σ29 crystal grain boundary which constitute the CSL grain boundary.

3. The surface-coated cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein
the α-Al2O3 layer has a thickness from 2 to 20 μm.

4. The surface-coated cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein
the α-Al2O3 layer has surface roughness Ra less than 0.2 μm.

5. The surface-coated cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein
the α-Al2O3 layer includes a point where an absolute value for compressive stress is maximal, in a region within 2 μm from a surface side of the coating, and the absolute value for compressive stress at the point is lower than 1 GPa.

6. The surface-coated cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein
the coating includes a TiCxNy layer between the base material and the α-Al2O3 layer, and the TiCxNy layer contains TiCxNy satisfying atomic ratio relation of 0.6≦×/(x+y)≦0.8.

7. The surface-coated cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein
the length of the Σ3 boundary is obtained from a cross-section formed when the α-Al2O3layer is cut along a plane including the normal line to a surface of the α-Al2O3 layer.