Silurian Corals from 

Maine and Quebec 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 430 
Silurian Corals from 

Maine and Quebec 

A. Silurian Corals from the Moose River Synclinorium, Maine 

By ERWIN C. STUMM 

B. Silurian Rugose Corals from the Lake Temiscouata area, Quebec 

By WILLIAM A. OLIVER, ]R. 

C. A New Kodonophyllum and Associated Rugose Corals from the Lake 

Matapedia Area, Quebec 

By WILLIAM A. OLIVER, ]R. 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 430 

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON 1962 
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

Thomas B. Nolan, Director 

The U.S. Geological Survey Library has cataloged this publication as follows: 

Stumm, Erwin Charles, 1908-

Silurian corals :from Maine and Quebec. Washington, 

U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1962. 

vii, 32 p. illus., map, diagrs., tables. 29 em. (U.S. Geological 

Survey. Professional paper 430) 

Includes bibliographies. 

Contents.-A. Silurian corals from the Moose River synclinorium, 

Maine, by Erwin C. Stumm.-B. Silurian Rugose corals from the Lake 

Temiscouata area, Quebec, by William A. Oliver, Jr.-C. A new Kodonophyllum and associated Rugose corals from the Lake Matapedia area, Quebec, by William A. Oliver, Jr. 

(Continued on next card) 

Stumm, Erwin Charles, 1908- (Card 2) 

Silurian corals :from Maine and Quebec. 1962. 

1. Paleontology-Quebec. 2. Paleontology-Maine. 3. Paleontology-Silurian. 4. Corals, Fossil. I. Stumm, Erwin Charles, 1908-

Silurian corals from the Moose River synclinorium, Maine. II. Oliver, 

William Albert, 1926- Silurian Rugose corals from the Lake Temiscouata area, Quebec. III. Oliver, William Albert, 1926-- A new Kodonophyllmn and associated Rugose corals from the Lake Matapedia area, Quebec. IV. Title. (Series) 

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. 
CONTENTS 

Page 

(A) Silurian corals from the Moose River synclinorium, Maine, by Erwin C. Stumm__ 1 

(B) Silurian rugose corals from the Lake Temiscouata area, Quebec, by William A. 11 

Oliver, Jr ___________________________________________________________ _ 

(C) A new Kodonophyllum and associated rugose corals from the Lake Matapedia 

area, Quebec, by William A. Oliver, Jr__________________________________ 21 

In 
Silurian Corals from the 

Moose River Synclinorium 

Maine 

By ERWIN C. STUMM 

SILURIAN CORALS FROM MAINE AND QUEBEC 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 430-A 

Descriptions of I5 species of rugose 

and tabulate corals 

j 
CONTENTS 

Page 

Abstract___________________________________________________________________ 1 

Introduction and stratigraphy________________________________________________ 1 

Localities ______________________________________ :.. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 

Systematic paleontology_____________________________________________________ 1 

References cited____________________________________________________________ 6 

Index_____________________________________________________________________ 9 

ILLUSTRATIONS 

[Plates follow index] 

PLATE 1. Phaulactis, Holmophyllum, Entelophyllum, and Spongophylloides. 

2. Streptelasma, Cystiphyllum, Ptychophyllum, Entelophyllum, and Tryplasma. 

3. Astrocerium, Propora, Arcturia, and Favosites. 

4. Heliolites, Cystihalysites, Syringopora, and Plasmopora. 

VII 
. SILURIAN CORALS FROM MAINE AND QUEBEC 

SILURIAN CORALS FROM THE MOOSE RIVER SYNCLINORIUM, MAINE 

By ERWIN C. STUMM 

ABSTRACT 

The corals, most of which were collected by A. J. Boucot, are 

from rocks of Silurian and Silurian(?) age in the Moose River 

synclinorium of northern Maine and in the adjacent border of 

Quebec. Most of the fossils were collected from outcrops 

occurring in Somerset, Franklin, and Piscataquis Counties, 

Maine. A few are from St. Joseph Seigniory, Quebec. The 

corals were collected from the Hardwood Mountain and Lobster 

Lake formations in northern Maine and from the Cranbourne 

limestone in adjacent Quebec. New species of the rugose coral 

genera Entelophyllum, Holmophyllurri, and Tryplasma are described and illustrated. Unidentified species of Streptelasma, 

Cystiphyllum, Entelophyllum, Phaulactis, and Spongophylloides 

are illustrated. New species of the tabulate coral genera 

Arcturia, Astrocerium, Cystihalysites, Heliolites, Plasmopora, 

Propora, and Syr1:ngopora are described. Specimens of Favosites 

niagarensis Hall are illustrated. The corals are of upper 

Wenlock or lower Ludlow age. 

INTRODUCTION AND STRATIGRAPHY 

Corals herein described were largely collected by 

A. J. Boucot, of the U.S. Geological Survey, during 

detailed stratigraphic studies of the Moose River 

synclinorium, which is in Somerset, Franklin, and 

Piscataquis Counties of northern Maine. A few of 

tbe described specimens were collected by E. S. C. 

Smith, of Union College, Schenectady, N.Y. 

A preliminary account of the stratigraphy by Boucot 

has been published (Boucot, 1961), and a paper on 

Devonian corals of the Moose River synclinorium, by 

W. A. Oliver, Jr. (1960), is now in print. During the 

course of Boucot's fieldwork between 1951 and 1955 

the writer was invited by the Survey to participate in 

coral studies which led to the present contribution. 

Corals from 3 formations at 6 localities were studied. 

The corals from the Lobster Lake formation at the 

northeast end of the 11oose River synclinorium compared with those from the Hardwood Mountain formation at the southwest end of the synclinorium indicate 

that the formations are of equivalent age. The 

relationship of these formations to the Cranbourne 

limestone is not clear, but on the basis of the coral 

fauna they are approximately of the same age. 

All the Silurian corals studied are in fine-grained dense 

limestones. They do not weather out; so external 

structures are unknown. All descriptions and determinations are based on thin sections that show internal 

structures. 

LOCALITIES 

U.S.G.S. Description 

1417-SD. Lobster Lake formation, Lobster Lake, Piscataquis 

County, Maine. 

2728-SD. Hardwood Mountain formation; north ninth of 

Spencer quadrangle, in southeast corner 0.6 mile 

S. 83° E. east of the top of 2,160 foothill, Somerset 

County, Maine. 

2822-SD. Hardwood Mountain formation, central ninth of 

Attean quadrangle, on north shore of Little Big 

Wood Pond, about 0.25 mile southeast of Fox's 

Camp, Somerset County, Maine. 

3400-SD. Lobster Lake formation, east ninth of North East 

Carry quadrangle at Sunset Point on Lobster Lake, 

Piscataquis County, Maine. 

3484-SD. Hardwood Mountain formation, southeast ninth of 

Chain Lakes quadrangle, on east boundary of the 

ninth, on shore of Jim Pond, 1.33 miles north of the 

south boundary of the northeast ninth, Franklin 

County, Maine. 

3488-SD. Hardwood Mountain formation, central ninth of 

Spencer quadrangle, on east shore of Baker Pond, 

N. 94° E. from the outlet of Davis Pond, Somerset 

County, Maine. 

3496-SD. Hardwood Mountain formation, central ninth of 

Spencer quadrangle, on the west branch of Spencer 

Stream, 0.14 mile . upstream from the 1,320-ft 

contour, Somerset County, Maine. 

3611-SD. Cranbourne limestone, Range St. Thomas, St. Joseph 

Seigniory, Quebec. 

SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY 

Phylum COELENTERATA 

Class ANTHOZOA 

Order RUGOSA 

Suborder STREPTELASMATIN A 

Superfamily ZAPHRENTICAE 

Family STREPTELASMATIDAE Nicholson and Lydekker 

Genus STREPTELASMA Hall 

Streptelasma, Hall, 1847, p. 17, 49, 66-71. 

Type species-Streptelasma corniculum Hall (1847, 

p. 69, pl. 25, figs. la-d). 

1 
2 SILURIAN CORALS FROM MAINE AND QUEBEC 

Streptelasma 1 sp. A 

Plate 2, figure 1 

Description.-A single transverse section of a specimen indicates that it belongs in this genus. l\tfaxin1um 

diameter of section, 22 mm. Septa 86, all thickened in 

marginarium to form a peripheral stereozone ranging 

in thickness from 2 to 3 mm. Major septa extend to axis 

becoming twisted and possibly forming an axial stereozone. l\1inor septa about one-third as long as major. 

Tabulae unknown. Dissepiments apparently absent. 

Occurrence: Silurian, Cranbourne limestone; USGSloc. 3611-SD. 

Figured specimen: USN M 139427. 

Streptelasma 1 sp. B 

Plate 2, figures 12, 13 

Description.-Two transverse sections are illustrated. 

The corallite averages about 18 n1m in diameter in the 

vicinity of the calyx. In one section (fig. 12) cut just 

above the base of the calyx, septa 64 form a peripheral 

stereozone averaging 3 mm in dian1eter. Major septa 

extend about two-thirds distance to axis; rninor septa 

not extending beyond stereozone. All septa greatly 

thickened and in lateral contact peripherally; major 

septa taper axially. All septa with an axial plate surrounded by stereoplasm. Figure 13 is a section of the 

same corallite cut through the calyx. Tabulae unknown, dissepiments apparently absent. 

Remarks.-The species may belong in the genus 

Brachyelasma. 

Occurrence: Silurian, Hardwood Mountain formation; USGS 

loc. 3484-SD. 

Figured specimen: USN M 139428. 

Streptelasma 1 sp. C 

Plate 2, figures 6-8 

Description.-Oorallum ceratoid, external structures 

unknown. In two transverse sections diarneters range 

from 10 to 14 mm. Septa average about 60; major 

thin, extend ahnost to axis, many irregularly twisted in 

their axial parts; minor thin and very short, appearing 

as peripheral ridges less than 0.5 mm long. 

In longitudinal section tabulae are thin, complete or 

incornplete, relatively widely spaced, irregularly sinuous. 

Occurrence: Silurian, Lobster Lake formation; USGS loc. 

1417-SD. 

Figured specimen: USN M 139429. 

Family HALLIIDAE Chapman 

Genus PHAULACTIS Ryder 

Phaulactis Ryder, 1926, p. 392. 

Lykophyllum Wedekind, 1927, p. 68, 71. 

Lykocystiphyllum Wedekind, 1927, p. 69, 73. 

Senwiophyllum Vollbrecht in Wedekind, 1927, p. 12, 70-71. 

Hercophyllum Jones, 1936, p. 53. 

Type species.-Phaulactis cyathophylloides Ryder 

(1926, p. 392, pl. 12, fig. ·1). Silurian, Slite marl, 

Wenlock?; Vastergarn, Island of Gotland, Sweden. 

For generic diagnosis, see Ryder (1926), p. 392. 

Phaulactis sp. A 

Plate 1, figures 1, 2 

Description.--Exterior of corallmn unknown. Diameters of two serial transverse sections of figured specimen 

25 mm. In transverse sections septa about 84, major 

extend to axis, n1inor about two-thirds as long. Septa 

in cardinal quadrants dilated in periaxial and axial 

regions. Tabulae apparently con1plete and incomplete, 

closely set. Dissepiments numerous. 

Remarks.-The species is considerably larger than 

the type species P. cyathophylloides and has a better 

developed area of septal dilation in the cardinal 

quadrants. 

Occurrence: Silurian, Cranbourne limestone; USGS loc. 

3611-SD. 

Figured specimen: USN M 139430. 

Family ARACHNOPHYLLIDAE Dybowski 

Genus ENTELOPHYLLUM Wedekind 1927 

Entelophyllum Wedekind, 1927, p. 22-24 

Xylodes, Lang and Smith, 1927, p. 457, 461 (not Xylodes Waterhouse, 1876). 

Type species.-Made porites articulatum (Wahlenberg). 

Entelophyllum parvum n. sp. 

Plate 2, figures 9-11 

Description.-Oorallmn phaceloid with cylindrical 

individual corallites having diameters ranging frorn 4 

to 6 111111. External characteristics unknown. Transverse sections show frorn 34 to 40 thin radially arranged 

relatively straight noncarinate septa extending fron1 the 

periphery. Major septa extend to or nearly to axis; 

minor septa about one-half as long. No modifications 

of protosepta present. In longitudinal section tabulariurn divided into axial area con1posed of relatively 

horizontal con1plete and incmnplete tabulae and a periaxial area composed of closely set proxirnally convex 

tabulae. Both sets of tabulae relatively evenly spaced 

at about 0.3 mrn apart. Dissepirnentariun1 composed 

of 2 or 3 rows of relatively small axially convex 

dissepiments. 

Remarks.-The species differs frorn E. erucijorme 

(Davis) from the Louisville lin1estone of Indiana and 

'· 
SILURIAN CORALS FROM THE MOOSE RIVER SYNCLINORIUM, MAINE 3 

Kentucky by the lack of numerous connecting talons 

between corallites and by having more dearly defined 

~txial and periaxial tabulate areas. 

Occurrence: Silurian, Hardwood Mountain formation; USGS 

loc. 2822-3-SD. 

Type: Holotype USNM 139431. 

Entelophyllum sp. A 

Plate 1, figures 6-8 

Description.-Corallum probably phaceloid, composed of cylindrical corallites ranging in diameter from 

12 to 14 n1n1. External features unknown. In transverse section septa thin, ranging from 54 to 60, major 

extend to axis and minor terminate at inner margin of 

dissepimentarium. All septa with small offset spinose 

carinae across the dissepimentarium. A tangential 

longitudinal section shows a peripheral dissepi1nentariun1 c01nposed of several rows _of small dissepiments 

and the intercepted ends of the carinate septa. Tabulae unknown. 

Remarks.-The species is similar to the European 

species E. 1Jseudodianthus (W eissennel), but has fewer 

septa and shorter minor septa. 

Occmrence: Silurian, Hardwood Mountain formation, USGS 

loc. 3484-SD. 

Figured specimens: USNM 139432 to 139434. 

Genus PTYCHOPHYLLUM Edwards and Haime 

Ptychophyllum Edwards and Haime, 1850, p. 69. 

Type species .-Ptychophyllum stokesi Edwards and 

Haime (1850, p. 67; 1.851, p. 407). 

Ptychophyllum sp. A 

Plate 2, figures 3-5 

Description.-Three transverse sections of two speciInens show typical characters of species of this genus 

by having long septa which break up peripherally and 

which form an axial whorl. Septa thin, and average 

56 in number; n1ajor septa extend to axis becoming 

thicker in tabularium and fonning a distinct axial 

whorl. 11inor septa also thicl\ened in tabulariun1 and 

about three-fourths as long as major. All septa becmne thin, discontinuous, and degenerate in the peripheral part of the dissepin1entarium. A long, very narrow fossula extends from the periphery to the axis. 

Tabulae and dissepi1nents both present, but their distribution is unknown. 

Remarks.-The sections are similar to those of the 

genotype species P. stokesi, and the l\1aine species may 

be conspecific with it. 

Occurrence: Silurian, Hardwood Mountain formation; USGS 

loc. 3484-SD; Cranbourne limestone; USGS loc. 3611-SD. 

Figured specimens: USNM 139435, 139436. 

Suborder COLUMNARIINA 

Family PTENOPHYLLIDAE Wedekind 

Genus SPONGOPHYLLOIDES Meyer 

Spongophylloides Meyer, 1881, p. 109. 

Actinocystis Lindstrom 1882, p. 21; Wedekind 1927, p. 44. 

Type species.-Spongophylloides schumanni Meyer 

(1881, p. 109, pl. 5, figs. 12-12c = Cystiphyllum grayi 

Ed_wards and Hahne, 1851, p. 465; 1855, p. 297, pl. 72, 

fig. 3). Silurian, Wenlock, England, and _western 

Europe. 

Spongophylloides sp. A 

Plate 1, figure 9 

Description.-Exterior of corallum unknown, transverse section averaging 15 mm in diameter. Peripheral one-third of corallum composed of lonsdaleioid 

dissepimentarium. Dissepiments large, axially convex. 

About 60 thin radially arranged septa present from 

inner margin of lonsdaleioid dissepimentarium and 

extend almost to axis. No modifications of protosepta 

present. Tabulae apparently numerous and incomplete. 

Occurrence: Silurian, Hardwood Mountain formation; USGS 

loc. 3484-SD. 

Figured specimen: USNM 139437. 

Family CYSTIPHYLLIDAE Edwards and Haime 

Genus CYSTIPHYLLUM Lonsdale 

Cystiphyllum sp. A 

Plate 2, figure 2 

Remarks.-A single transverse section is referred to a 

species of this genus. It is 15 mm in maximum diameter. The dissepiments and tabellae are large. Traces 

of degenerate acanthine septa are present. 

Occurrence: Silurian, Lobster Lake formation; USGS loc. 

1417-SD. 

Figured specimen: USNM 139438. 

Genus HOLMOPHYLLUM Wedekind 

HolmophylZum Wedekind, 1927, p. 31, pl. 4, figs. 6-8; pl. 29, 

fig. 16. 

Diagnosis.-Simple, ceratoid or trochoid rugose 

corals with relatively short radially arranged acan thine 

septa. Dissepimentarium wide, composed of small 

dissepiments. Tabulae, typically complete, widely 

spaced, proximally convex. 

Type species .-Holmophyllum holmi Wedekind (1927, 

p. 31, pl. 4, figs. 6-8; pl. 29, fig. 16). Silurian, Gotland, 

Sweden. 
4 SILURIAN CORALS FROM MAINE AND QUEBEC 

Holmophyllum pseudocarinatum n. sp. 

Plate 1, figures 3-5 

Description.-Exterior of corallum unknown; shape 

apparently ceratoid with maximum diameter of 22 mm. 

In transverse section septa acanthine, about 100, 

radially arranged, with no modifications of protosepta. 

All septa of same length extend distally and axially to 

inner margin of dissepimentarium, about ~ to % the 

distance to axis. In longitudinal section dissepimentarium averaging 5 mm wide, composed of small distally and axially convex dissepiments. Tabularium 

average 5 mm wide, composed of relatively widely 

spaced complete and incomplete proximally convex 

tabulae. 

Remarks.-This is the first species of the genus 

described from North America. It differs from the 

genotype species by having more closely .set tabulae, 

a wider dissepimentarium, and more closely crowded 

acanthine septa. 

Occurrence: Silurian, Hardwood Mountain formation; USGS 

loc. 2822-SD. 

Type: Holotype USNM 139439. 

Family TRYPLASMATIDAE Etheridge 

Genus TRYPLASMA Lonsdale 

Tryplasma Lonsdale, 1845, p. 613. 

Pholidophyllum Lindstrom, 1871, p. 925. 

Stortophyllum Wedekind, 1927, p. 30-31. 

Acanthodes, Dybowski, 1873, p. 334, 364 (not Acanthodes Agassiz, 

1833). 

Spiniferina Penecke, 1894, p. 592. 

Type species.-Tryplasma aequabile Lonsdale (1845, 

p. 613, 633, pl. A, figs. 7-7a). Silurian, England, 

western Europe, and Russia. 

Tryplasma nordica n. sp. 

Plate 2, figures 14-16 

Description.-Coralla simple, ceratoid, averaging 

about 3 em long and 1.5 em in maximum diameter. 

External features unknown. In transverse section 

septa 50 to 60, acanthine, appearing as peripheral 

ridges 1 to 2 mm long and becoming discontinuous 

periaxially. In longitudinal section acanthine septa 

well shown as upw~rd and inward projecting vertical 

rows of spines extending 1 to 1.5 mm inward from the 

peripheral ridges. Tabulae typicalJy horizontal, mostly 

complete, a few incomplete, spaced at an average distance of a little less than 2 mm apart. 

Remarks.-The species is most nearly related to T. 

radicula (Rominger), but it has longer septal spines 

and more widely spaced tabulae. 

Occurrence: Silurian, Lobster Lake formation; USGS loc. 

1417-SD. 

Types: Holotype USNM 139440; paratype USNM 139441. 

Order TABULATA 

Family HELIOLITIDAE Lindstrom 

Genus PROPORA Edwards and Haime 

Propora Edwards and Haime, 1849, p. 262; 1850, p. 59; Nicholson, 1879, p. 247. · 

Lyellia Edwards and Haime, 1851, p. 150, 226; Rominger, 1876, 

p. 15; Nicholson, 1879, p. 249. 

? Pinacopora Nicholson and Etheridge, 1878, p. 52; Nicholson, 

1879, p. 250. 

Types species.-Porites tubulatus Lonsdale (1839, p. 

687, pl. 16, figs. 3-3b). Silurian, Wenlock, England, 

and western Europe. 

Propora nordica n. sp. 

Plate 3, figures 5, 6 

Description.-Exterior of corallum unknown. In 

transverse section tabularia circular, ranging in diameter from 1.3 to 1.8 mm and separated by distances 

ranging from 1.8 to 2.7 em. Interior of each tabularium 

with 12 vertical rows of very short septal spines ranging 

in length from 0.2 to 0.5 mm. Spaces between tabularia 

occupied by elongate dissepiments. 

In longitudinal section tabularia with horizontal 

typically complete tabulae ranging from 0.5 to 1.3 mm 

apart. Intertabulate areas composed of elongate 

distally convex dissepiments. 

Remarks.-This species resembles the type species 

P. tubulata in size of tabulate areas, but it has much 

shorter septal spines. In the intertabulate areas the 

dissepiments of P. tubulata are much smaller and irregularly spaced. P. nordica differs from P. glabra 

(Owen), commonly known as Lyellia americana Edwards 

and Haime, by having much shorter septa and more 

widely spaced tabulae. 

Occurrence: Silurian, Cranbourne limestone; USGS loc. 3611-

SD. 

Type: Holotype, USNM 139442. 

Genus PLASMOPORA Edwards and Haime 

Plasmopora Edwards and Haime, 1849, p. 262; 1851, p. 221; 

Nicholson, 1879, p. 245. 

Type species.-Porites petallijormis Lonsdale (1839, 

p. 687, pl. 16, figs. 4-4a). Silurian, Wenlock, England, 

and western Europe. 

Plasmopora franklinensis n. sp. 

Plate 4, figures 8, 9 

Description.-Exterior of corallum unknown. In 

transverse section corallites with tabulate areas circular 

to subcircular, ranging from 1.5 to 2.2 mm apart and 

separated by distances ranging from 2.4 to 4.2 em. 

Twelve septa extend inward from wall of tabularium 

and also outward across intertabulate areas to join 
SILURIAN CORALS FROM THE MOOSE RIVER SYNCLINORIUM, MAINE 5 

septa from neighboring tabulate areas. Within tabulate areas septa composed of vertical rows of spines 0.2 

to 0.5 mm long. Between tabulate areas septa lamellar, 

forming a weblike network. In longitudinal section 

tabulate areas composed of horizontal complete tabulae 

ranging from 0.2 to 1 mm apart. Between tabulate 

areas exsert septa appear as vertical ridges separated 

by closely set horizontal or cystose dissepiments. 

Remarks.-This species differs from the type species 

P. petallijormis (Lonsdale) from the Wenlock of Great 

Britain and Gotland by having much shorter septal 

spines and a different dissepimental arrangement. In 

P. petallijormis the dissepiments between the exsert 

septa are all of the globose type whereas in P. franklinensis most of them form short horizontal bars. P. 

jranklinensis is distinguished from the common North 

American species P. follis in having the tabulate areas 

approximately twice as wide. 

Occurrence: Silurian, Hardwood Mountain formation; USGS 

loc. 3484-S D. 

Type: Holotype USNM 139443. 

Subfamily Heliolitidae 

Genus HELIOLITES Dana 

Heliolites Dana, 1846, p. 541. 

Type species.-Astrea porosa Goldfuss (1826, p. 64, 

pl. 21, fig. 7). Devonian, Eifel. 

Heliolites interstinctus occidentalis n. subsp. 

Plate 4, figures 1, 2 

Description.-Corallum probably hemispherical, composed of circular tabulate areas surrounded and separated by tubuli. Tabulate areas range in diameter 

from 0.9 to 1.2 mm and range from 1.5 mm to a maximum of 2.9 n1m apart. In lateral section each tabulate 

area shows 12 very short septal ridges. Tubuli range 

in diameter, from 0.25 to 0.3 mm, between 6 and 10 

tubuli present in a line between adjacent tabulate areas. 

In longitudinal section tabulae complete, horizontal, 

relatively evenly spaced at an average dist~nce of 0.4 

mm apart, a few spaced as much as 0.8 mm apart. 

Remarks.-The subspecies is similar to typical H. 

interstinctus except for the spacing of the tabulae. In 

H. interstinctus the tabulae are very closely set, averaging 0.2 mm apart. 

Occurrence: Silurian Hardwood Mountain formation; USGS 

loc. 3496-SD. 

Type: Holotype USNM 139444. 

Family F AVOSITIDAE Lomarck 

Genus ASTROCERIUM Hall 

Astrocerium Hall, 1851, p. 399; 1852, p. 120. 

Type species.-Astrocerium venustum Hall (1852, p. 

120-121, pl. 34, figs. 1a-j). 

624649 0-62--2 

Remarks.-This genus has been merged with Favosites 

by most authors. I feel that the rows of septal spines 

present in species of Astrocerium are a character 

sufficient to separate the genus from Favosites. 

Astrocerium intermittens n. sp. 

Plate 3, figures 1, 2 

Description.-Corallum massive, hemispherical, composed of cerioid corallites. ranging in diameter from 1 

to 1.5 mm. In a few corallites 12 vertical rows of 

septal spines are present; the spines extend from ,% to 

% the distance to the axis. In most of the corallites 

only a few of the septal spines are present, and in some 

more are present. In longitudinal sections tabulae 

are complete, horizontal, relatively evenly spaced from 

0.3 to 0.5 mm apart. Mural pores uniserial, spaced 

about 0.5 mm apart in vertical series. Intermittently 

developed septal spines can be seen directed obliquely 

upward in some corallites. 

Remarks.-This species differs from both A. venustum 

Hall and A. hisingeri (Edwards and Haime) by the 

intermittent development of the septal spines. 

Occurrence: Silurian, Hardwood Mountain formation; USGS 

loc. 3484-S:Q. 

Type: Holotype USNM 139445. 

Astrocerium intermittens magnum n. subsp. 

Plate 3, figures 3, 4 

Description.-Corallum similar to typical A. intermittens except that corallites are larger, ranging in 

diameter from 1.6 to 2.3 mm and that the septal spines 

are shorter and more numerous, though still intermittently developed. Septal spines typically about 0.1 

mm long. The tabulae in the subspecies are more 

irregularly spaced, in some places as much as 1.2 mm 

apart. 

Occurrence: Silurian, Hardwood Mountain formation; USGS 

loc. 2728-SD. 

Type: Holotype, USNM 139446. 

Genus F AVO SITES Lamarck 

Favosites Lamarck, 1816, p. 204. 

Type species.-Favosites gothlandica Lamarck (1816, 

p. 205). 

Favosites niagarensis Hall 

Plate 3, figures 9, 10 

Favosites niagarensis Hall, 1852, p. 125, pl. 34A, figs. 4a-i. 

Description.-Corallum -massive hemispherical, corallites cerioid, mature areas ranging in diameter from 

1.3 to 1.6 mm interspersed with a few of much smaller 

s1ze. Mural pores uniserial. Tabulae complete, typi-
6 SILURIAN CORALS FROM MAINE AND QUEBEC 

cally horizontal, a few concave, ranging from 0.4 to 

1.3 mm apart. 

Remarks.-The measurements of the corallum fall 

within the range of those of typical F. niagarensi8 

from the Lockport dolomite of New York. 

Occurrence: Silurian, Hardwood Mountain formation; USGS 

loc. 3488-SD. 

Types: Hypotypes USNM 139447, 139448. 

Family HALYSITIDAE 

Genus ARCTURIA Wilson 

Arcturia Wilson, 1931, p. 294. 

Type species.-Arcturia complexa Wilson (1931, p. 

295, pl. 3, figs. 1-3). 

Diagnosis.-Massive hemispherical tabulate corals 

with phaceloid corallites which 1nay be trigonal, 

tetragonal, or subrounded and which are connected 

by hollow horizontal tubules. 

Arcturia angularis n. sp. 

Plate 3, figures 7, 8 

Description.-Growth forn1 probably hemispherical. 

In transverse section corallites phaceloid, trigonal, 

tetragonal, or subrounded, ranging in dia'l:neter fr01n 

0.3 to 0.5 mm and separated by distances ranging from 

0.2 to 1.0 mm apart. Corallites connected by horizontal cylindrical tubules that occur in vertical rows 

with intervals averaging 0.2 mn1 between individual 

tubules. In fongitudinal section cut tubules appear 

as large 1nural pores. Tabulae complete, very thin, 

typically horizontal, a few concave, ranging from 0.3 

to 0.4 111111 apart. 

Remarks.-The type species is reported as having no 

tabulae preserved. The illustrations of A. complexa 

show that the corallites are smaller than those of 

A. angu.laris. 

Occurrence: Silurian, Hardwood Mountain formation; USGS 

loc. 3484-SD. 

Type: Holotype, USNM 139449. 

Genus CYSTIHALYSITES Tchernychev 

Cystihalysites Tchernychev, 1941, p. 70. 

Type species.-By original designation Cystihalysites 

mirabilis Tchernychev (1941, p. 70-71, pl. 2, figs. 5-7; 

pl. 3, figs. 1-6). 

Cystihalysites sp. cf. C. amplitubulata (Lambe) 

Plate 4, figures 3-5 

·nescription.-;.Corallunl probably hemispherical, cOinposed of relatively long ranks of corallites. Ranks 

composed of .2 to. 10 oval 1nacrocorallites ranging from 

1.5 to 2.5 mn1 in larger diameter and averaging about 

1.5 111m in smaller dian1eter. Between each Inacrocorallite is a subpolygonal microcorallite less than 1 111m 

in diameter. No septal spines or ridges present in either 

macrocorallites or microcorallites. In longitudinal 

section tabulae in Inacrocorallites typically complete 

and horizontal, spaced fron1 0.15 to 0.8 n1n1 apart. 

Tabulae in n1icrocorallites broken up into cystose, 

distally convex tabellae. 

Remarks.-In all specin1ens seen, 1nost of the Inicrocora1lites have been filled in with secondary deposits 

so that the areas between the Inacrocorallites appear 

as solid sclerenchyme in transverse section. Traces 

of the cystose tabellae of the microcorallites can be 

seen in a few longitudinal sections (pl. 4, fig. 5). 

The species is similar to typical C. amplitubulata 

(Lambe), but differs by the smaller size of the nlicrocorallites. In 0. amplitubulata the n1icrocorallites 

equal or exceed the size of the macrocorallites. 

Occurrence: Figured specimens-Silurian, Hardwood Mountain 

formation; USGS loc. 3496-SD; Lobster Lake formation, USGS 

loc. 3400-SD. : 

Figured specimen: USNM 139450, 139451. 

Genus SYRINGOPORA Goldfuss 

Syringopora, Goldfuss, 1826, p. 75. 

Type species.-Syringopora ramulosa Goldfuss (1826, 

p. 76, pl. 25, fig. 7). 

Syringopora multitubulosa n. sp. 

Plate 4, figures 6, 7 

Description.-Oorallum phaceloid, composed of cylindrical corallites averaging 1.5 mm in diameter. Corallites connected by relatively closely spaced transverse 

tubuli, spaced, in parts of corallum, f:ron1 1 to 2 mm 

apart. Corallites separated by distances ranging from 

1. 7 to 4.2 111m apart. Oorallite walls 0.2 mm thick. 

Interior of corallite walls provided with 12 vertical rows 

of very short septal spines. Spines irregularly developed, one or two in a corallite being larger than the 

others. In son1e corallites not all rows of spines developed. Also present on interior of corallites are elongate 

dissepi1nents extending from the periphery on all sides 

to produce a narrow axial tube. 

Remarks.-The species differs fr01n S. maclurii 

Billings by the more complicated internal structures. 

Occurrence: Silurian, Hardwood Mountain formation; USGS 

loc. 3484-SD. 

Type: Holotype USNM 139452. 

REFERENCES CITED 

Boucot, A. J., 1961, Stratigraphy of the ly.[oose River synclinorium, Maine: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1111-E, p. 153-188. 

Dana, J. D., 1846, Zoophytes in United States exploring expedition, during the years 1838, 1839, 18-lO, 1841, 1842, under 

the command of Charles Wilkes, U.S.N.: v. 7, 740 p. 
SILURIAN CORALS FROM THE MOOSE .RIVER SYNCLINORIUM, MAINE 7 

Dybowski, W. N., 1873, Monographie der Zoantharia sclerodermata r'ugosa Silurformation Estlands, N ord-Livlands und 

der Insel Gotland: Archiv. Naturkunde Liv-, Est- und 

Kurlands, ser. 1, v. 3, p. 257-532. 

Edwards, H. M., and Haime, Jules, 1849, Memoire sur les 

Polypiers appartenant aux groupes naturels des Zoathaires 

perfores et des Zoanthaires tabules: Acad. sci. [Paris] 

Comptes rendus, v. 24, p. 257-263. 

--- 1850, A monograph of the British fossil corals; Pt. 1, 

Introduction: Paleont. Soc. London Mon., v. 3, 71 p. 

--- 1851, Monographie des Polypiers fossiles des Terrains 

palaeozo!ques: Mus. Nat. History Paris Archives, v. 5, 

502 p. 

--- 1855, A monograph of the British fossil corals; Pt. 5, 

Corals from the Silurian formation: Paleont. Soc. London 

Mon., p. 245-299. 

Goldfuss, G. A., 1826-33, Petrefacta Germaniae, v. 1, 240 p., 

DUsseldorf. 

Hall, James, 1847, Paleontology of New York, v. 1, 252 p. 

--- 1847, Descriptions of the organic remains of the lower 

division of the New York system, v. 1 of Paleontology of 

New York: Albany, New York, Van Benthuysen, 338 p. 

--- 1852, Descriptions of the organic remains of the lower 

middle division of theN ew York system, v. 2 of Paleontology 

of New York: Albany, New York, Van Benthuysen, 362 p. 

Jones, 0. A., 1936, On the Silurian Corals Cyathophyllum shearbyi 

and Heliophyllum yassense: Queensland Mus. Mem., v. 

11, p. 53-58. 

Lamarck, J. B. P. A. de M, 1816, Histoire naturelle des Animaux 

sans Vertebres: Paris, v. 2, 568 p. 

Lang, W. D., and Smith, Stanley, 1927, A critical revision of the 

rugose corals described by William Lonsdale in Murchison 

R. I., Silurian System: Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., v. 

83, p. 448-491, pls. 34-37. 

Lindstrom, Gustav, 1871, Om operkularbildningen hos nagra 

nutida och siluriska koraller: Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. 

Ofvers., Forhandl., v. 27 (for 1870), p. 921-926. 

--- 1882, Anteckningar om silurlagren pa Calsoarne: Kongl. 

Vetensk.-Akad. Ofvers., Forhandl., v. 39 (for 1882), p. 5-30. 

Lonsdale, William, 1839, Corals in Murchison, R. I., Silurian 

System: London, p. 675-699. 

--- 1845, Description of some Palaeozoic corals of Russia, 

pt. 1 of Murchison, R. I., de Verneuil, E., and von Keyserling, A., the geology of Russia in Europe and the Ural 

Mountains: London, John Murray, v. 1, p. 591-534. 

Meyer, Georg, 1881, Rugose Korallen als ost-und westpreussische 

Diluvialgeschiebe: Phys. Gesellsch. Konigsberg Schrift., v. 

22, p. 97-110. 

Nicholson, H. A., 1879, On the structure and affinities of the 

"Tabulate corals" of the Palaeozoic period:Edinburgh and 

London, William Blackwood & Sons, 342 p. 

Nicholson, H. A., and Etheridge, Robert, 1878, A. Monograph of 

the Silurian fossils of the Girvan district in Ayrshire: 

Edinburgh and London, William Blackwood & Sons, v. 1, 

p. 1-135. 

Oliver, W. A., Jr., 1960, Devonian rugose corals from northern 

Maine: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1111-A, p. 1-23, pls. 1-5. 

Penecke, K. A., 1894, Das Grazer Devon: K.-k. Geol. Reichanst. 

Jahrb., (Jahrg. 1893), v. 43, p. 567-616, pls. 7-12. 

Rominger, Carl, 1876, Fossil corals: Michigan Geol. Survey, v. 3, 

pt. 2, 161 p. 

Ryder, T. A., 1926, Pycnactis, Mesactis, Phaulactis, gen. nov., 

and Dinophyllum Lind.: Annals and Mag. Nat. History, 

ser. 9, v. 18, p. 385-401, pls. 9-12. 

Tchernychev, B. B., 1941, Vsesoyuznyy arkticheskiy institut 

Trudy, v. 158, p. 65-74 (not seen). 

Wedekind, Rudolf, 1927, Die Zoantharia Rugosa von Gotland 

(bes. N ordgotland): Sveriges Geol. U ndersokning, ser. Ca, 

v. 19, p. 1-94. 

Wilson, A. E., 1931, Notes on the Baffinland fossils: Royal Soc. 

Canada Trans., 3d ser., v. 25, sec. 4, p. 285-306. 

INDEX 

[Italic numbers indicate descriptions] 

Page 

a equabile, Tryplasma. __ • _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ __ __ __ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ 4 

americana, Lyellia. ___ -------------------------------------------------------- 4 

amplitubt..lata, Cystihalysttes •. ------------------------- ____ ------------------- 6 

angularis, Arcturia--------------------------------------------------------- 6; pl. 3 A rcturia. _ __ _ _ _ _ _ ____ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ __ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ _ _ _ 6 

angu.laris •• _ -----------------------------·------------------------------- 6; pl. 3 comple:ra. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ 6 

arttculat?J,m, J.fadeporttes _____ ---------------- __ ------ ____ -------- ______ __ __ __ _ 2 

Astrea porosa. _____ ----------------------------------------------------------- 5 

Astrocerium. --_______________________________________________________________ _ 

hisingerL. ___ ------------------------------------------------------------- intermittens ________________________ -------------------------------------- 5; pl. 3 

magnum .• _-_- __ ---------------------------------------------------- 5; pl. 3 

venustum. ____ --------------------------------------- ____ ----------------- 5 

Boucot, A. J ------------------------------------- ____ ------------ ____________ _ Brachyelasma. _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 

complexa, Arcturia. ________________ --------------------------------------- 6 

corniculum, Streptelasma __ ___________________________________________________ _ 

Cranbourne limestone, Quebec._ --------------------------------------------1,2,3,4 

cyathophylloides, Phaulactis. ____ ---------------------------------------------- 2 

Cystihalysites. ____ ------------------------------------------------------------ 6 a mplitubulata_ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ __ __ __ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ 6 

mirabilis _ _ _ __ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ __ __ _ ___ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _ 6 

sp __ --------------------------------------------------------------------- 6; pl. 4 Cystiphyllum grayi. _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ __ __ __ _ _ __ __ __ ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ __ _ 3 

sp. A_------------------------------------------------------------------- 8; pl. 2 

Eng land______________________________________________________________________ 4 

Entelophyllum_ _ _ __ _ _ __ __ __ _ _ __ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ __ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 

eruciforme. ___ ------------------------------------------------------------ 2-3 

parvum __ ----------------------------------------------------------- __ !e-8; pl. 2 pseudodtanthus ________________________________________________ ._ __ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ 3 

sp. A.------------------------------------------------------------------ 8; pl. 1 

eruciforme, Entelophyllum. _ -------------------------------------------------- 2-3 

Europe, western .• ------------------------------------------------------------ 3, 4 

Favosites _______ -- ____ -- ____ ----____ ----____ ----------------------------------- gothlandica. ______________________________________________________________ _ 

niagarensis ------------------------------------------------------------ 6-6; pl. 3 

follis, Porites--------------------------- ____ -------------- ____ --------_________ 5 franklinensts, Plasmopora __________________________________________________ 4-6; pl. 4 

glabra, Propora ______ _ ------ __ -------------- ____ ------------------ ______ --------- 4 

Gotland, Sweden.-------------------------------------------------------------- 3, 5 

grayi, Cystiphyllum. _ -- _ -------------------------------------------------------- 3 

Hardwood Mountain formation, Maine _________________________________ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 

Heliolites. ___ ----------------------------------------------------------------- 5 interstinctus ______________________________________________________________ _ 

occidentalis .. -------- ______ ------------------------------------------ 5; pl. 4 hisingeri, Astrocerium. ______________________________ --------------- __ __ _______ 5 

holmi, Holmophyllum. -------------------------------------------------------- 3 Hol mophyllum_ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ _ _ __ _ 3 

holmi. _ ---------------- ______ ------------ ___________ --------------------- _ 3 

p8eudocarinatum. --- ____ ---------------------- __ ------ ____ --------------- 4; pl. 1 

intermittens, Astrocerium _____________________________________________________ 5; pl. 3 

magnum, Astrocerium ____ ------------------------------------------------ 5; pl. 3 

interstinctus, Heliolite11. _ ------------------------------------------------------ 5 

occidentalis, Heliolites ____ ------------------------------------------------ 5; pl. 4 

Lobster Lake formation, Maine ___________________________________________ 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 

Lockport dolomite, New York________________________________________________ 6 

Louisville limestone, Inrliana and KentuckY---------------------------------- 2-3 

Lyellta amencana. _ ---------------------------------- ________ -----------------

Page 

maclurii, Syringopora. __ --------------- ____ ------------------------------ __ __ _ 6 

lvladepor1tes articulatum ____ ---------------- __ -------------------------- __ __ ___ 2 

magnum, Astrocerium intermittens ____________________________________________ 5; pl. 3 

mirab1lis, Cystihalysites________________________________________________________ 6 

multtbulosa, Syringopora. _ --------------------------------------------------- 6; pl. 4 

niagarensis, Favosites __ __ -------------------------------------------- __ ----- 6-6; pl. 3 

nordica, Propora. ------------------------------------------------------------ 4; pl. 3 

Tryplasma ____________________ ____ -------------------- _______ ------------ 4; pl. 2 

occidentalis, Heliolites interstinctus. ------------------------------------------- 5; pl. 4 

parvum, Entelophyllum. _ -------------------------------------------------- !e-8; pl. 2 

pettaliformis, Porites. __ ------------------------------------------------------- 4, 5 

Phaulactis. __ ----------------------------------------------------------------- 2 cyathophylloides _ _ __ _ _ __ ___ _ _ _ __ __ __ __ _ _ __ __ __ __ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ ___ __ __ __ __ _ ___ __ _ 2 

sp. A. __ ---------------------------------------------------------------- :e: pl. 1 Plasmopora. __ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ __ ___ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ _ _ __ _ 4 

frankltnensis.- -------------------------------------------------------- 4-5; pl. 4 

Porites follis. ___ -------------------------------------------------------------- 5 

petalliformis. ___ ---------------------------------------------------------- 4, 5 

tubulatus. ___ ------------------------------------------------------------- 4 

porosa, A~>trea _____ _____ -------------------------------- _______ 7 _______________ 5 

Propora. ___ ----------------------------------------------------------------- _ 4 glabra___ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ ___ _ __ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ 4 

nordica _______ -------------- ____ ----------------------------------------- 4; pl. 3 tubulata ___ ______________________________________________________ :. ____ ----_ 4 

pseudodianthus, Entelophyllum .. ------- ________ ------------------------------- 3 

pseudocarinatum, Holmophyllum. _ ------------------------------------------ 4; pl. 1 Ptychophyllum .. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 

stokesi. ____________ ------ __ -------- ____ ---------------------------------- _ 3 

sp. A_------------------------------------------------------------------ 3; pl. 2 

radicula, Tryplasma _____ ------- ____ ------------------------------------------ _ 4 

ramulosa, Syringopora. ___ ---------------------------------------------------- 6 Russia .. _________________________________________________________ -- ____ ------_ 4 

schumanni, Spongophylloides ___________________________________ --_______ -----_ 3 

Slite marl, Wenlock, England. ___ -------------------------------------------- 2 

Smith, E. S. C ___ ------------------------------------------------------------ 1 

Spongophylloides .. _ ------ ____ ------------------------------------------------- 3 

schumanni. ________________________________________ --______ ------_------- _ 3 

sp. A. __ ---------------------------------------------------------------- 3; pl. 1 

stokesi, Ptychophyllum. __ ----------------------------------------------------- 3 Streptelasma. ___________________________________________________ --- ___ --------

corniculum ______________________________________________________________ ._ 1 

sp. A. ____ -------------------------------------------------------------- :e; pl. 2 

sp. B ____ --------------------------------------------------------------- :e; pl. 2 

sp. C. ___ --------------------------------------------------------------- :e; pl. 2 

Syringpora ____ ----------------- ______ ---------------- __ ---------------------- _ 6 

macluni. ______ ---------------------------- __ -------------- __ ------------ _ 6 multibulosa __________________________________________ -------------------- 6; pl. 4 

ra mulo8a •. ________________________________________ --______ ---------------- 6 

Tryplasma. ______________________________________ -- ___ -- ____ -------_---------- 4 

aequabile. _____________________________________ ------___ ------------------- 4 

nordica ___ __ ------------------------------ __ ----------------------------- 4: pl. 2 

radicula __________ ____________ --------------------------------------------- 4 

tubulata, Propora. __ ----------------------------- __ --------------------------- 4 

tubulatus, Porites. __ ---------------------------------------------------------- 4 

Vastergarn, Island of Gotland, Sweden_______________________________________ 2 

venustum, Astrocerium __ ---____ ----________ -- ___ ------------------------------

Wenlock, England--------------------------------------------------------- 2, 3, 4, 5 

9 

Silurian Rugose Corals from 

the Lake Temiscouata Area 

Quebec 

By WILLIAM A. OLIVER, ] R. 

SILURIAN CORALS FROM MAINE AND QUEBEC 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 430-B 

Descriptions of jive species representative 

of the Gotland coral fauna of western 

Europe 

CONTENTS 

Page 

Abstract___________________________________________________________________________________ 11 

Introduction_______________________________________________________________________________ 11 

Stratigraphic setting__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 

Localities__________________________________________________________________________________ 12 

Systematic paleontology_____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 

Genus Phaulactis Ryder__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 

Genus Tryplasma Lonsdale_______________________________________________________________ 13 

Genus Columnaria Goldfuss ____________________ . _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ ___ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ 14 

Genus H ol mophyll'u m Wedekind _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 

Genus Entelophyllum Wedekind___________________________________________________________ 15 

References cited_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 

Index_____________________________________________________________________________________ 19 

ILLUSTRATIONS 

[Plates follow index] 

PLATE 5. Phaulactis quebecensis n. sp. and Holmophyllum sp. 1 

6. Phaulactis quebecensis n. sp. and Entelophyllum sp. 1 

7. Tryplasma nordica Stumm and Holmophyllum sp. 1 

8. Columnaria? coralliferum (Hall) 

TABLE 

Page 

TABLE 1. Described and associated corals____________________________________________________ 11 

III 

SILURIAN CORALS FROM MAINE AND QUEBEC 

SILURIAN RUGOSE CORALS FROM THE LAKE TEMISCOUATA AREA, QUEBEC 

By WILLIAM A. OLIVER, JR. 

ABSTRACT 

A new Silurian coral fauna from the Mont Wissick formation, 

Quebec, is similar to one described from northern Maine by 

Stumm in chapter A of this paper. Species of Phaulactis, 

Tryplasma, Holmophyllum, and Entelophyllum are close to or 

identical with Maine species, and allied to elements of the Gotland (Sweden) coral fauna of western Europe. 

Columnaria? corallijerum (Hall) is present in the Mont Wissick formation and in the Cobleskill limestone, at Schoharie, 

N.Y. 

Two species of rugose corals (one new) are described in some 

detail; three other species are briefly described and illustrated. 

Associated tabulate corals are listed. 

INTRODUCTION 

Corals from the Mont Wissick formation in Quebec 

are similar to those described by Stumn1 (1962) from 

the Hardwood Mountain and Lobster Lake formations 

in Maine. Four of the five rugose genera from the 

Mont Wissick formation were also described from 

Maine, and at least two species and possibly four, occur 

in both areas (see remarks accompanying the descriptions). Comparison of the tabulate coral fauna emphasizes the similarities. Species in 8 genera were 

described from Maine; species from 9 genera are listed 

from Quebec; 5 genera and at least 3 species occur in 

both areas. These comparisons suggest that the Mont 

Wissick formation is correlative with the Hardwood 

Mountain and Lobster Lake formations and that the 

Maine and Quebec areas were part of one faunal province during part of the Middle or Late Silurian. 

Study of the Quebec corals adds to the paleogeographic 

picture which resulted from the study of the Moose 

River synclinorium area, Maine, by Boucot (1961). 

The described and listed corals were collected by 

Dr. Pierre J. Lesperance during fieldwork for the 

Quebec Department of Mines. I am indebted to 

Dr. Lesperance and to Dr. Jacques Beland of the Department of Mines, for permission to describe and list 

the fauna. Thin sections were prepared by William C. 

Pinckney, Jr.; photographs are by the author. 

STRATIGRAPHIC SETTING 

Lesperance (1959) briefly described the lithologic 

sequence and geographic distribution of the Mont 

Wissick formation in the Squateck West area, Quebec. 

Coral collections are from the lower four-fifths (4,700 

ft) of the formation. No corals were seen from the 

upper 1,300 feet. Table !·indicates the distribution of 

the described and associated corals; all assignments of 

collections to position within the formation are by 

Lesperance (written communications, 1959, 1960). 

Lesperance (1959) assigned a "Silurian (and 

younger?)" age to the Mont Wissick formation. 

Earlier, McGerrigle (1934, p. 137) ~ssigned a Devonian(?) age, although both Bailey and Mcinnes (1888, 

p. 32-34) and Kindle (1914) considered it Silurian. 

The corals clearly indicate a Silurian age for the 

coralliferous part of the formation. Phaulactis, HolmoTABLE 1.-Described and associated corals 

Unit 

2 3 

----------------1----------

Phaulactis quebecensis n. SP------------------------ ------ X X ------ ------ Tryplasma nordica Stumm_________________________ X X X ------ _____ _ Columnaria? corallijerum (Hall)___________________ X (?) ------ ------ X 

Holmophyllum sp. L ______________________________ ------ X ------ ------ ------

Entelophyllum sp. L------------------------------ ------ X ------ ------ ------ Cerioid rugose coraL ______________________________ ------ X ------ ------ ------

Indeterminate horn corals------------------------- X X ------ ------ ------ Alveolites SP--------------------------------------- X ------ ------ ------ ------ Cladopora SP-------------------------------------- X X X ------ X Favosites •.·» .... < ••• -: ···: • '·· • <::·'1ucherL _______ ------ X ______ ------ _____ _ 

F. sp. aff 1 '. • • · • • • • • • Schuchert____ X X ------ ------ X 

F. sp. cf. P'.]avosus tvowmssJ--------------------- ------ X ------ ------ ------ F. sp. cf. F. hisingeri E. and H____________________ X X ______ ------ ------

F. sp. cf. F. occidentalis HalL--------------------- ------ X ------ ------ X 

F. SP---------------------------------------------- X X X ------ ------ Ramose favositoid-------------"------------------- X X ___ X ______ X ______ X __ _ 

Paleofavosites SP----------------------------------- X X 

Cystihalysites sp. cf. C. amplitubulata (Lambe) _____ ------ ______ X ------ ------ flalysites sp. cf. J-1. nitida Lambe__________________ X ------ ------ ------ ------

~~r~~gopoi~sp_-:~:::::::::::====================== --~-- ---x-- ====== ====== <~) Auloporoid coraL--------------------------------- X X ------ ------ ------ I-leliolites SP--------------------------------------- ------ ------ X ------ ------ Plasmopora petaliformis (Lonsdale) ________________ ------ ------ X ------ ------

Stromatoporoids---------------------------------- X X ------ ------ X 

Feet 

I. Basal Mont Wissick formation ___________________________________________ 0-175 

2. Middle lower Mont Wissick formation _______________________________ 175-2,500 

3. Lower Mont Wissick formation (probably middle lower) 4. Upper lower Mont Wissick formation ______________________________ 2, 50Q-3, 500 5. Mont Wissick formation (unit 3A) _________________________________ 3, 50o-4, 700 

11 
12 SILURIAN CORALS FROM MAINE AND QUEBEC 

phyllum, Cystihalysites, and Halysites are restricted to 

the Silurian system and, in addition, Paleo.favosites is 

not known from post-Silurian rocks. Hoimophyllum 

and Entelophyllum are not known from rocks of 

Llandovery age (Lower Silurian); so presumably the 

corals are either Wenlock or Ludlow in age. The 

species to which the Mont Wissick tabulate corals are 

compared, are from formations in the Chaleurs Bay 

Anticosti, Quebec, and eastern New York areas tha~ are of Wenlock and Ludlow age according to A. J. 

Boucot (oral communication, 1961). The presence of 

C?lumnaria? corallijerum (Hall) suggests a relationship 

w1th the Cobleskill limestone in eastern New York 

also of Ludlow age. ' 

The Mont Wissick brachiopods have been analyzed 

by Boucot (written communication, 1959) who considers the formation to be of early Ludlow age because 

of the presence of Conchidium. 

The "Silurian (and younger?)" age assignment of the 

Mont Wissick by Lesperance (1959) is supported by the 

coral data. The age of the upper part of the formation 

is not known, but the lower four-fifths is of Niagara or 

post-Niagara Silurian age. 

The Maine fauna described by Stumm in chapter A 

of this paper is similar to, and probably correlative 

with, the Mont Wissick fauna here described. The 

two areas are nearly 200 miles apart. The Maine and 

Quebec corals represent the first extensive Gotland-type 

coral fauna described from North America. 

LOCALITIES 

The following fossil localities are shown (without 

number) on the Quebec Department of Mines Preliminary Map 1273, Squateck Area, West Half, which 

accompanies Lesperance, 1959. All are in the Mont 

Wissick formation, unit 3 of Lesperance (1959), except 

locality 318 which is in unit 3A. 

Fl. 0.85 mile N. 31° E. of the north end of Lake Anna. 

41A. 0.4 mile south of north end of Lake Sauvagesse, just 

east of lake. 

F52. Between Lake Sauvagesse and road, 0.15 mile south 

of northeast corner of lake. 

F5.4. 0.3 mile south of northeast corner of Lake Sauvagesse. 

F233 .. 1.65 II.lile S. 53° W. of St.-Michel de Squateck. 

F300. 1.2 mileS. 75° W. of north end of Petit Lac Touladi. 

318. North shore of Crooked' Lake, 2.35 mile S. 78° W. 

of north end of Petit Lac Touladi. (Unit 3A.) 

675. 0.2 mile north of the north point of Lake Bedard. 

Stratigraphic distribution of collections is as follows 

(Lesperance, written communication, 1960): 

Feet 

Upper Mont Wissick _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4, 700-6, 000 

Middle Mont Wissick _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3, 500-4, 700 

Loc. 318 _____________________________ 4, 000-4, 700 

Lower Mont Wissick _________________________ _ Upper __________________________________ _ 

Middle------------------------------~--- Loc. F54 _________________________ _ 

Locs. 41A, F52 ______________________ _ 

Lo c. F L ____________________________ _ 

Locs. F300, 675 _____________________ _ 

Basal ___________________________________ _ 

Loc. F233 ___________________________ _ 

1 Approximately. 

2 Probably. 

SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY 

Family LYKOPHYLLIDAE 

Genus PHAULACTIS Ryder 

Feet 

0-3, 500 

2, 500-3, 500 

175-2,500 

I 2, 250 

I 1, 920 

425-1, 650 2 100- 400 

0- 175 

0- 100 

Phaulactis Ryder, 1926, p. 392; Lang and Smith, 1927, p. 457; 

Smith, 1930, p. 308; Wang, 1950, p. 216; Bulvanker, 1952, 

p. 26-27; Hill, 1956, p. 272. 

Mesactis Ryder, 1926, p. 390. 

Hercophyllum Jones, 1936, p. 53; Hill, 1940, p. 402-403. 

See Wang, 1950, and Hill, 1956, for synonymy of Wedekind's 

(1927) genera. 

Type species.-Phaulactis cyathophylloides Ryder 

(1926, p. 392-393, pl. 11 figs. 1-6; pl. 12, fig. 1). 

Silurian; Slite group (Wenlock). Vastergarn, Island of 

Gotland, Sweden. 

Diagnosis.-Small to medium-sized trochoid to cylindrical solitary corals with numerous bilaterally arranged 

long septa, a wide zone of small arched dissepiments, 

and closely spaced incomplete arched tabulae. In 

early stages the septa are dilated and in lateral contact· 

in later stages the septa attenuate from the periphery: 

and the final stage may show little or no dilation. 

Remarks.-Species of Phaulactis have been de·scribed 

from England, Gotland, the U.S.S.R., China?, and 

Australia. Hill (1959) reviewed these occurrences and 

indicated the range of the genus to be from upper 

Llandovery to middle Ludlow (Aymestry limestone). 

Bulvanker (1952, p. 3-4) however, indicated an upper 

Ludlow age for some Phaulactis cyathophylloides in 

Podolia, U.S.S.R. 

Phaulactis quebecensis n. sp. 

Plate 5, figures 1-5; plate 6, figures 1-10 

Phaulactis sp. A Stumm, 1962 (chapter A of this series). 

Diagnosis._:_Phaulactis in which septal attenuation 

tends to start and proceed more rapidly on the counter 

side, and in which the inner margin of the dissepimentarium is relatively well defined. 

External .features.-Trochoid, ceratoid, and subcylindrical corals of small to medimn size. Maxin1un1 

diameter varies from 12 to 30 mm, length from 25 to 

7 5 mm. Exteriors poorly preserved, generally smooth 

except for a few coarse angular rugae on the larger 

specimens. Calice deep, V-shaped, with n1ajor septa 
SILURIAN RUGOSE CORALS FROM THE LAKE TEMISCOUATA AREA, QUEBEC 13 

projecting slightly on all sides; fossula formed in lower 

part of calice by a short cardinal septum. 

Internal.features.-Septa bilaterally arranged, pinnate 

near the cardinal septum, mostly radial in the alar and 

counter areas. 11ajor septa long, extending not quite 

to the axis and foTining no axial structure; the ephebic 

stages of 7 individuals show 29 to 45 1najor septa in 

transverse sections of 13 to 22 mn1 diameter. 11inor 

septa extend less than half the distance to the axis; they 

average two-fifths the length of the major septa and 

are nearly as thick. Cardinal septun1 short; adjacent 

major septa are successively longer and pinnately 

arranged with respect to the cardinal-counter plane. 

Septal dilation is n1ore general in cardinal half of ephebic 

sections and n1ay be lin1ited to imn1ediate vicinity of 

cardinal septum; septa attenuate near periphery where 

minor septa may be discontinuous. Neanic sections 

show extensive dilation except for a peripheral attenuate 

zone which is widest on the counter side. Brephic 

sections show nearly complete dilation. 

Longitudinal sections show a normal well-defined 

dissepimentarium and tabularimn in ephebic position 

of corallum. The dissepimentarium is cmnposed of 

many rows of small globose dissepiments occupying 

about one-half the radius of the section. The tabulariun1 is occupied by incomplete closely spaced arched 

tabulae. N eanic and brephic areas are partly or wholly 

occupied by dilation tissue, and dissepiments and 

tabulae are suppressed. 

Remarks.-The description given above is based on 

14 incomplete, 1nature and immature specimens from 

3 localities. All the specimens show two of the three 

growth stages. Variation in the collection is shown 

by the illustrations; the san1ple is too small for more 

detailed analysis. 

P. quebecensis differs frmn most previously described 

species of Phaulactis by (1) the tendency for septal 

n.ttenuation to start and proceed more rapidly on the 

counter side of the corallum, and (2) the size and shape 

of the dissepiments and tabulae and the comparatively 

well defined separation of the tabulariun1 and dissepimentarium. P. quebecensis is closest to P. cyathophylloides Ryder, the type species and Desmophyllum 

( =Phaulactis) clarki Wedekind. P. cyathophylloides 

however, has long minor septa, and P. clarki has n1ore 

uniform and persistent dilation in the ephebic stage. 

P. sp. A Stumm, 1962 (chapter A of this paper) 

u.ppears to differ from P. quebecensis by its long minor 

septa, but is similar in all other respects; the 11aine 

n.nd Quebec material are probn,bly conspecific. 

Occ~trrence: Mont Wissick formation, locs. F52, 41A, 675. 

Material: Holotype, USNM 139220; illustrated paratypes, 

USNM 139221-139225; unillustrated paratypes, USNM 139226, 

139227 and Quebec Bureau of Mines. 

Family TRYPLASMATIDAE 

Genus TRYPLASMA Lonsdale 

Tryplasma Lonsdale, 1845, p. 613; Etheridge, 1907, p. 76-77; 

Hill, 1936, p. 204-206; 1940, p. 405; Schouppe, 1950, p. 

80-84;. Wang, 1950, p. 226; Stumm, 1952, p. 842; Schouppe, 

1954, p. 382; Hill, 1956, p. 312; Bulvanker, 1958, p._ 20-22; 

Oliver, 1960a, p. 96. 

Pholidophyllum Lindstrom, 1871, p. 125; Bulvanker, 1952, p. 

10-11. 

Spiniferina Penecke, 1894, p. 592. 

Stortophyllum Wedekind, 1927, p. 30-31. 

Type species.-By subsequent designation of Etheridge (1907, p. 42), T. aequabile Lonsdale (1845, p. 

613-614, 633, pl. A, figs. 7, 7a). Silurian, northern 

Urals, U.S.S.R. 

Diagnosis.-Solitary, dendroid or phaceloid corals 

with spinose (acH.nthine) septa and a narrow septal 

stereozone. Tabulae generally complete. No dissepin1ents. 

Remarks.-See Etheridge (1907), Hill (1936, 1940, 

1956), Schouppe (1950), and Bulvanker (1958), for 

more extensive discussions and synonymies. 

Species of Tryplasma have been described from 

Europe, Asia, Australia, and North America, ranging 

in age frmn Llandovery (Hill, 1959, p. 165) to Early· 

Devonian. Only a few North American species have 

been described (Stun1m, 1952; Oliver, 1960a, b), but 

species of the genus probably are more con1mon there 

than this would indicate. 

Tryplasma nordica Stumm 

Plate 7, figures 1-7 

T. nordica Stumm, 1962 (chapter A of this series). 

Occurrence of type material.-Silurian, Lobster Lake 

formation, Piscataquis County, Maine. 

Diagnosis.-Solitary Tryplasma with broadly concave tabulae and very short major and minor septa. 

External features.-Elongate cylindrical corals, solitary in habit. Dimensions as follows: diameter of 

cylindrical part of corallum, 8 to 13 nun; length, as 

much as 6 em or more. Exterior broadly rugose, 

partly due to sharp bends of growth axis. Finer 

markings not known. Calice very deep with vertical 

sides from which septal spines project; botton1 flat 

or gently concave. 

Internal features.-Septa acanthine, consisting of 

short septal spines directed inward and upward; n1ajor 

and minor series can be recognized. PeripheralJy the 

septa dilate to form a thin uniform septal stereozone. 

Average length of spines, 1.5 mm; maximum 2 mm 

(one-fourth the diameter). Average thickness . of 

epitheca plus stereozone, 0.3 to 0.5 mm. Septa number 
14 SILURIAN CORALS FROM MAINE AND QUEBEC 

48 to 60 in transverse sections of 7.0 to 10.5 mm 

diameter. 

Tabulae complete, U-shaped, axially flat or gently 

convex. Inclined peripheral parts of tabulae may be 

pierced by septal spines or may carry spines that do 

not extend to the epitheca. No septal spines are found 

on the flat or convex axial areas of tabulae. 

Remarks.-The description given above is based on 

more than 20 individuals fron1 localities 52 and 41A. 

Observed variation is principally in the length of septal 

spines and the shape of the tabulae. 

T. nordica can be distinguished from most other 

described species of Tryplasma by its concave tabulae, 

short, attenuate septa, and thin stereozone and tabulae. 

It is morphologically closest to Pholidophyllum 

( = Tryplasma) subhedstromi Bulvanker from the Silurian 

of Podolia, but this species is smaller (4 to 5 mm in 

diameter) and colonial in habit. 

Occurrence: Mont Wissick formation, loc. F52, 41A, F300, 675· 

Material: Illustrated specimens, USNM 139228-139230; unillustrated specimens, USNM 139231 and Quebec Bureau of 

Mines. 

Family COLUMNARIIDAE 

Genus COLUMNARIA Goldfuss 

,Columnaria Goldfuss, 1826, p. 72 (part); McCoy, 1849, p. 121-

122; Lang and Smith, 1935, p. 426-428; Stumm, 1949, p. 

29, Hill, 1956, p. 298; Bulvanker, 1958, p. 114-115. 

Type species.-By subsequent designation of McCoy 

(1849, p. 121), Columnaria sulcata Goldfuss (1826, p. 

72, pl. 24, figs. 9a-c). Middle Devonian, Germany. 

Diagnosis.-Cerioid or phaceloid rugose corals with 

long or short, thin septa which are peripherally joined 

in a narrow stereozone. Tabulae generally complete. 

A single row of vertically elongate dissepiments may 

double up or be absent locally. 

Columnaria 1 coralliferum (Hall) 

Plate 8, figures 1-8 

Diplophyllum coralliferum Hall, 1852, p. 322, pl. 72, figs. la-c. 

Diphyphyll1tm coralliferum (Hall), Hall, 1859, p. 80; Schuchert, 

1903, p. 163. 

Horizon and locality.-Hall's specimen is from the 

Cobleskill limestone at Schoharie, N.Y. 

Ex,ternal features .-Cylindrical rugose corals of small 

size, presumably phaceloid. Dimensions of cylindrical 

portion of corallite: diameter 2.5 to 4.0 mm; maximum 

observed length, 25 mm. External markings consist 

of rounded interseptal ridges and broad V -shaped 

septal grooves which give a scalloped appearance in 

transverse section; gentle rugae are irregularly spaced. 

Calice steep sided, depth approximately equals diameter 

Proximal part of corallites, not known. 

Internal features.-Septa radially a.rranged; major 

septa extend three-fourths or more the distance to the 

axis; minor septa ~ to % as long. Transverse sections 

of 8 individuals show 13 to 17 major septa in diameters 

of 2.5 to 4.0 mm. Zigzag carinae are strongly to weakly 

developed in most individuals. All septa thicken 

peripherally and join within a stereozone 0.4 to 0.5 

mm wide. 

Longitudinal sections show a few vertically elongate 

peripheral dissepiments. These tend to be arranged 

uniserially but double-up in one specimen and are 

lacking in large parts of all corallites examined. 

Tabulae complete, widely spaced, strongly depressed 

axially, slightly arched peripherally. 

Septal microstructure is obscured by recrystallization. In transverse section the septa appear featureless, 

but grade into lamellar tissue forming the stereozone. 

Remarks.-The above description is based on 9 

transverse and 5 longitudinal thin sections of 13 

corallites. Nine of the corallites are embedded in 

unidentifiable stromatoporids. None of the corallites 

are proximally complete, and no indication of increase 

was found. 

Diplophyllum corallijerum Hall was inadequately 

described and poorly illustrated. The type specimens 

are not certainly known, but a corallum from the type 

locality was located in the New York State Museum by 

Clinton F. Kilfoyle, curator. This specimen may 

possibly be the holotype, but it is certainly a topotype 

specimen. The Quebec specimens differ from the New 

York one only by the possession of thickened dissepiments, a character which is not likely to be of specific 

importance. 

Columnaria? corallijerum differs from typical Columnaria by the possession of zigzag carinae, and the species 

may belong to an undescribed genus. 

Corals superficially similar to Columnaria? cora.llijerum and of the same approximate age, have been 

referred to Diphyphyllum multicaule (Hall) by several 

workers. Reexamination of the types of Hall's species 

shows it to lack dissepiments, but to be rather similar to 

C.? corallijerum in other respects. Later references to 

the species (none based on Hall's material) have indicated the presence of dissepiments in material referred 

to D. multicaule from Niagara age rocks in Michigan 

(Rominger, 1876), Manitoulin Island (Lambe, 1899, 

1901; Williams, 1919), Newfoundland (Shrock and 

Twenhofel, 1939), and Gaspe, Quebec (Northrup, 1939). 

Some or all of these may be conspecific with Columnaria? corallijerum, and the species may be widespread 

in eastern North America. 

Occurrence: Mont Wissick formation, loc. 318, F233 (rare), 

F52(?). 

Material: Illustrated specimens, USNM 139232-139235; unillustrated specimens, USNM 139236, 139237 and Quebec Department of Mines. 
SILURIAN RUGOSE CORALS FROM THE LAKE TEMISCOUATA AREA, QUEBEC 15 

Family CYSTIPHYLUDAE 

Genus HOLMOPHYLLUM Wedekind 

Holmophyllum Wedekind, 1927, p. 30; Hill, 1940, p. 397; 

Waug, 1947, p. 183; 1950, p. 227; Bulvanker, 1952, p. 12-13; 

Hill, 1956, p. 312. 

Type species.-By original designation of Wedekind 

(1927, expl. pl. 4), H. holmi Wedekind (1927, p. 31, pl. 

4, figs. 6-8; pl. 29, fig. 16). 

Diagnosis.-Solitary rugose corals with discontinuous 

acanthine septa that pierce several dissepiments in a 

wide dissepimentarium. Tabulae incomplete and irregularly distributed. 

Remarks.-Species of Holmophyllum have previously 

been described from beds of Wenlock and Ludlow age 

in Europe, Australia, and China. H. pseudocarinatum 

Stumm (chapter A of this paper), and the Quebec 

material are the first reported from North America. 

Holmophyllum sp. 1 

Plate 5, figures 6, 7; plate 7, figures 8, 9 

External features.-All available specimens are embedded in matrix, but the sections reveal small solitary 

cylindrical corals with the following dimensions: diameter 7.5 to 8 mm; length, 20 mm or 1nore. Epitheca 

gently rugose, marked by longitudinal interseptal 

grooves and septal ridges. Calice depth greater than 

the diameter, walls steep; calice tapers downward to 

flat bottom which equals the tabularium in diameter. 

Internal features.-Septa radially arranged, acanthine, extend }~ to % the distance to the axis. Major 

and minor septa are present, but the two groups cannot 

everywhere be differentiated with certainty. Septa 

nun1ber 48 to 58 in diameters of 7.5 to 8 111111. 

In longitudinal section the tabularium occupies from 

~~ to 7~ the diameter; tabulae are irregularly but widely 

spaced and incomplete. The tabulae form a distally 

concave pattern, but most individual tabulae are 

convex. 

The dissepimentarium is formed of several rows of 

steeply inclined normal dissepiments which are pierced 

by acanthine septa directed upward and toward the axis. 

Remarks.-The description given above is based on 

four specimens fro1n locality F52. 

Holmophyllum sp. 1 is close to, and possibly conspecific with, H. pseudocarinatum Stumm (chapter A of 

· this paper), but the Quebec specimens are so much 

smaller than the Maine ones that a larger collection 

will be needed to determine this. 

Material: Illustrated specimens, USNM 139238, 139458, 

139459; other specimen, USNM 139239. 

624649 0-62---4 

Family ARACHNOPHYLLIDAE 

Genus ENTELOPHYLLUM Wedekind 

Entelophyllum Wedekind, 1927, p. 22; Hill, 1940, p. 411-412; Hill 

and Jones, 1940, p. 188; Wang, 1950, p. 224; Schouppe, 

1951, p. 243-256; Sytova, 1952, p. 137-138; Schouppe, 1954, 

p. 400-401; Duncan, 1956, expl. pl. 23; Hill, 1956, p. 275. 

Xylodes Lang and Smith, 1927, p. 461-462; Smith and Tremberth, 1929, p. 362-363; Smith, 1933, p. 513; Soshkina, 1937, 

p. 34; Prantl, 1940, p. 1-4; Bulvanker, 1952, p. 31. 

Type species.-Madreporites articulatus Wahlenberg, 

Upper Silurian, Gotland, Sweden, by subsequent designation of Lang, Smith, and Thomas (1940, p. 57). 

Diagnosis.-Solitary or phaceloid rugose corals with 

radially arranged long, thin septa. Dissepimentarium 

composed of steeply inclined normal dissepiments. 

Tabularium wide; tabulae divided into regular periaxial 

part and irregular generally depressed axial part. 

Remarks.-Species of Entelophyllum have been described from rocks of Wenlock and Ludlow age of 

Europe, Asia, Australia, and North America, and Inay 

occur in the lowest Devonian also (Ruhkin, 1938; 

Weissermel, 1943; Schouppe, 1954). 

Entelophyllum rugosum Smith, 1933, was described 

from the Louisville limestone of Niagara age, in 

Kentucky. According to Stumn1 (written communication, 1960) two other species from the same formation can also be assigned to Entelophyllum. In addition 

to these three species, E. parvum and E. sp. A were 

described from l\1aine in chapter A of this paper. 

Entelophyllum sp. 1 

Plate 6, figures 11, 12 

Externaljeatures.-Thin sections indicate a cylindrical 

coral, 7 to 8 1nm in diameter with a broad and shallow, 

but steep-sided calice. The coral is gently rugose and 

has rather deep septal grooves and rounded interseptal 

ridges. 

Internal features.-Septa radially arranged; slender 

1najor septa, number about 26, extend nearly to the 

axis; minor septa are one-third as long. The minor 

. septa and the peripheral one-third of the major septa 

are thickened to a prominent wedge shape. 

The dissepimentarium is narrow and consists of 2 or 

3 rows of normal steeply inclined dissepiments. The 

tabularium occupies three-fourths of the diameter; 

tabulae consist of a flat depressed peripheral part, a 

strongly arched periaxial part, and an irregularly depressed axial area. No axial structure is present. 

Remarks.-The description given above is based on a 

single specimen from locality 52. 
16 SILURIAN CORALS FROM MAINE AND QUEBEC 

Entelophyllum sp. 1 is close to E. parvum Stumm 

(1962, chapter A of this paper) and may be conspecific. 

However, E. sp. 1 is nearly twice as large and cannot 

be adequately defined on the basis of available material. 

Material: Illustrated specimen, USNM 139240, Mont Wissick 

formation, Squateck area (loc. F52), Quebec. 

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SILURIAN RUGOSE CORALS FROM THE LAKE TEMISCOUATA AREA, QUEBEC 17 

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Stumm, E. C., 1962, Silurian corals from the Moose River synclinorium, Maine: U.S. Geological Survey Prof. Paper 

430-A, p. 1-9, pls. 1-4. 

Sytova, V. A., 1952 [Upper Silurian corals of the family Kyphophyllidae from the Urals]: U.S.S.R., Acad. Sci., Paleont. 

Inst. Treatise, v. 40, p. 127-158, 6 pis. 

Wang, H. C., 1947, New material of Silurian rugose corals from 

Yunnan: Geol. Soc. China Bull. 27, p. 171-188, pis. 1, 2. 

--- 1950, A revision of the Zoantharia Rugosa in the light of 

their minute skeletal structures: Royal Soc. London Philos. 

Trans., Ser. B, no. 611, v. 234, p. 175-246, pis. 1-9. 

Wedekind, Rudolf, 1927, Die Zoantharia Rugosa von Gotland: 

Sveriges Geol. Undersok, Ser. Ca, no. 19, 95 p., 30 pls. 

Weissermel, Waldemar, 1943, Korallen von der Silur-DevonGrenze a us West-und Mittledeutschland: Deutschen Geol. 

Gesell., Zeitschr., v. 95, pt. 1-2, p. 13-32, pls. 2, 3. 

Williams, M. Y., 1919, The Silurian geology and fauna of Ontario Peninsula and Manitoulin and adjacent islands: 

Canada Geol. Survey Mem. 111, 195 p., 34 pls. 

INDEX 

[Italic numbers indicate descriptions) 

Page 

aequabile, Tryplasma ____ ----- ______ -------------------------- _______ ------- ___ 13 

Alveolites sp ____ -------------------------------------------------------------- 11 

Anticosti, Quebec ____ -------------------------------------------------------- 12 artiwlatus, ;'1adreporites ________________ --------- __________________ ---- __ __ __ _ 15 

Asia ____________________________________ ---___________________________________ 13, 15 

A uloporoid coraL_____________________________________________________________ 11 

Australia _________________________________ -----_--_________________________ 12, 13, 15 

B tiJancl, Jacques ________________________ ---___________________________________ 11 

Boucot, A. J _ _ __ _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _ _ __ ___ ____ ___ _ _ _ _____ __ __ __ _ _ ___ _ __ __ _ __ __ _ ___ 12 

Brachiopods, lVIont Wissick formation________________________________________ 12 

Ccrioid rugose coraL __________ -------------------------------------------____ 11 Chalcurs Bay, Quebec _______________________ -----_----_______________________ 12 

China _________ -- ________________ -- ____ --- ___ ----------- ___________ -- __ ------- 12, 15 

Cladopora sp_ -- ______ ------ ____________ --- ___ ---------- __ -- ________ ---------- _ 11 

clarki, Desmophyllum ( =Phmblactis) ____ -------------------------------------- 13 Ph a nlactis _________________________________________________________ -- __ __ _ 13 

Cobleskill limestone, New York ______________________________________________ 12,14 

Colnmnaria ___ _________________________ -- _ ------------ _ ------ __ ------------- _ _ 14 

=corallifernm ___________________________________________________ 11, 12, 14; pl. 8 

sulcata __ -- ___ ------------------ _ ------------------ _ ----------------------- 14 Conchidium___ ___ __ __ __ __ ____ _ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ __ __ __ __ ___ ___ __ __ __ __ __ _ _ ____ __ __ __ _ 12 

corallifemm, Colztmnaria--------------------------------------------- 11, 12, 14; pl. 8 

DiphyphyllunL _ ---------------------------------------------------------- 14 Diplophyllnm___ _ __ __ _ ___ __ __ __ __ __ __ _ ___ __ __ __ __ ____ __ ___ _ __ __ _ _ __ __ __ __ _ 14 

cyathophylloides, Phaulactis ___ ---------------------------------------------- 12, 13 Cystihalysites ____________________________ --- _________ -------- __ __ __ __ __ __ _ _ __ _ 12 

amplitubulata _______________________ --- _____________ ------ _____ ---- __ __ __ _ 11 

Desmophyll'um ( = Phaulactis) clarki_ ___ ----------------------------------_____ 13 Diphyphyllnm coralliferum ____________________________ ----- ____ _ _ _ _ __ _ ____ _ _ _ _ 14 

multicaule _________ ----- ___________ -- __ -- ___ ----- __ __ ___ _ ____ __ __ _ ___ __ __ _ 14 

Diplophyllnm coralliferum _____ ------------------------------------------------ 14 · 

England _____ --_-- _________ -- ____________ -- ______ --___________________________ 12 

Entelophyllt£m ___________________________ ---- ______________ ----- _ _ _ __ __ __ __ __ _ 12, 15 

parvum ____________________________ --- __ ------------- __ __ __ _ _ ___ __ _ __ __ __ _ 15, 16 

r ugosum ___ ------- ______ --------------------------- __ __ _ _ ____ __ __ __ _ _ __ _ __ 15 

sp. A ______ --- ____ ------- ____ ---- __ --_-------_____________________________ 15 

sp. L------------------------------------------------------------ 11, 15-16; pl. 6 E uropc_ _ _ _ __ __ __ __ __ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ __ ___ __ ____ __ _ 13, 15 

Favosites [avos us ____ -------------------------------------------_-------------- 11 

helderbergia praecedens __ ----------------- ____ ----------------------------- 11 hisingerL ___ ------ _________________ -- __ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ __ __ _ _ ___ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ 11 

occidentalis ____ _________________________________ -------- _ _ __ __ _ ___ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ 11 

sp_ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ ___ __ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ 11 

{avostts, Favosites__ __ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ ___ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 

Ger1nany __ _ _ _ __ ___ __ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ _ _ ____ __ __ __ __ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ 14 

Gotland, Sweden_------------------------------------------------------------ 12, 15 

I-Ialysites ______ -- _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ _ _ __ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ ___ _ _ _ __ __ __ _ 12 

nitida _________________________ ----- __ ____ __ __ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ 11 

Hardwood lVIountain formation, Maine_______________________________________ 11 

helderberoiae pracedens, Favosites ________ ------------------------------ _ ------- 11 1-Ieliolites sp_ ___ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _____ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 

/lisinoeri, Favosiles ___________________________________________________________ _ 11 

Page 

holmi, Holmophyllum ________________________________________ ------- _ --------- 15 

Holmophyllum ___ ____________________ ----------------- __ ----- ___ ----------- 11-12, 15 

holmL _____________ ----------------- _______ -------------------------- __ ___ 15 pseudocarinatum_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 

sp. L------------------------------------------------------------ 11, 15,· pis. 5, 7 

Lesperance, Pierre J ---------------------------------------------------------- 11, 12 

Lobster Lake formation, Maine----------------------------------------------- 11,13 

Madreporites articulatus ___ _______ ---- _ ----------------------------- _ _ __ __ ____ _ 15 

Maine _______________ -------------------_---- __ -- ____________ ------------_____ 11, 13 

Mont '\'Vissick formation, Quebec ____________________________________ 11, 12, 13, 14, 16 

Moose River synclinorium area, Maine_______________________________________ 11 

multicaule, Diphyphyllum ___ _____ -- __ ---------------------------------------- _ 14 

New York, eastern ___ -------------------------------------------------------- 12, 14 

nitida, Halysites ______________ -------------------------- ______ -------------- ___ 11 

nordica, Tryplasma------------------------------------------------- 11, 13-14; pl. 7 

North America------------------------------------------------------------ 13, 14, 15 

occidentalis, Favosites ____ _________ ---- __ ------------------------------------- _ _ 11 

Paleofavosites ___ -------------------------------------------------------------- 12 

sp __ --- _ -------------- _ ----------------- _ ------------------------------- _ _ 11 

parvum, Entelophyllum ___ ---------------------------------------------------- 15, 16 

petaliformis, Plasmopora ________ ---------------------------------------------- 11 

Phaulactis ----------------------------------------------------------------- 11, 1!2, 13 

clarki_ _____________ --------------_---------------------------------------- 13 

cyathophylloides ______________ --- _ ---- __ ----------------------------------- 12, 13 

quebecensis---------------------------------------------------- 11, 1!2-13; pis. 5, 6 

sp _____________________ ------------ ______ --------------------------------- 13 

( =Phaulactis) clarki, Desmophyllum------------------------------------------ 13 

Pinckney, William C., Jr----------------------------------------------------- 11 

Pholidophyllum sttbhedstromL __ -------------- __ -------------------------- _ ___ _ 14 

Plasmopora petaliformis ___ --------------------------------------------------- _ 11 

Podolia, U .S.S.R_ ------------------------------------------------------------ 12, 14 

praecedens, Favosites helderbergiae ___ ------------------------------------------ 11 

pseudocarinatum, Holmophyllum __ ---- _______ -------------------- __ ---------- _ 15 

Quebec-------------------------------------------------------------- 11, 12, 13, 14, 16 quebecensis, Phaulactis ____________________________________________ 11, 1!2-13; pis. 5, 6 

Ramose favositoid ______________________ ----- ________________ --------- ___ ____ _ 11 

Rugose coral, Cerioid ____________________________ ----------------------------- 11 

rugosum, Entelophyllum ____ -------------------------------------------------- 15 

Squateck \Vest area, QuebeC-------------------------------------------------- 11, 16 

subhedstromi, Pholidophyllum _ ------- ____ -- ________ --------------------------- 14 

Tryplasma ____ _____________________ -- __ -- ____ -------------------------- _ _ _ 14 

sulcata, Columnaria ___ ___________ --------------------------------------------- 14 

Syringopora sp _________________________ ------ ___ ------------------- __ -------- _ 11 

Tryplasma ____ _____________________________________ -------- ____ __ ____ __ _ ___ ___ 1 S 

aequabile __ _______________________ -------- ____ -------- ___ ------------------ 13 

nordica _____ ----------------------------------------------------- 11, 13-14; pl. 7 subhedstromL ________________________________ ------ __ -------- ____ ------ __ _ 14 

U .S.S. R ___ -- ____________________ - _- _ --- ___ - _ -- ____ ----- ___ ------------------- 12, 13 

Vastergarn, Island of Gotland, Sweden_-------------------------------------- 12 

19 

A New Kodonophyllum and 

Associated Rugose Corals 

from the Lake Matapedia 

Area, Quebec 

By WILLIAM A. OLIVER, ]R. 

SILURIAN CORALS FROM MAINE AND QUEBEC 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 430-C 

Descrzption of a new species of a Silurian · 

rugose coral genus not previously recognized 

in North America 

CONTENTS 

Page 

Abstract----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21 

Introduction------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21 

Stratigraphic setting_____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 

LocalitY----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23 

Systematic paleontology_____________________________________________________________________ 23 

Genus Kodonophyllum___________________________________________________________________ 23 

Ontogeny and colony development_______________________________ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 

Genus Briantelasma_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ 26 

GenusPhaulac~s------------------------------------------------------------------------ 27 

Genus Spongophylloides_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 

References cited________ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 

IndeX-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 31 

ILLUSTRATIONS 

[Plates follow Index] 

PLATE 9-13. Kodonophyllum corymbosum n. sp. 

14. Spongophylloides, Phaulactis, and Briantelasma spp. 

FIGURE 1. Index map showing the general location of the three areas in Maine and Quebec from which 

Gotland-type coral faunas have been described_____________________________________ 22 

2. Ontogenetic diameter increase relative to septal number in 67 transverse thin sections of 25 

or more corallites of Kodonophyllum corymbosum_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2-1 

3. Ontogenetic diameter increase relative to septal number in 7 serial sections of corallite 3 

(holotype)--------------------------------------------------------------------- 25 

4. Ontogenetic tabularium-diameter increase relative to septal number in 65 transverse thin 

sections of 25 or more corallites of Kodonophyllum corymbosum________________________ 25 

5. Ontogenetic tabularium-ratio decrease relative to septal number in 65 transverse thin 

sections of 25 or more corallites of Kodonophyllum corymbosum____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 

6. Ontogenetic variation in diameter with tabularium diameter in 65 transverse thin sections 

of 25 or more corallites of Kodonophyll'tf_m corymbosum_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 

(III) 

SILURIAN CORALS FROM MAINE AND QUEBEC 

A NEW KODONOPHYLLUM AND ASSOCIATED RUGOSE CORALS FROM THE LAKE MATAPEDIA 

AREA, QUEBEC 

By WILLIAM A. OLIVER, JR. 

ABSTRACT 

Elements of the Silurian coral fauna of Gotland, Sweden, are 

present in the _Sayabec formation of the Lake Matapedia area, 

Quebec. Spectes of Kodono-phyllum, Phaulactis, Spongophylloides, and Briantelasma are represented, but only the first of 

these has been collected in sufficient numbers to warrant formal 

description; the others are only briefly considered and illustrated. 

The Kodonophyllum is the first species of the genus described 

from an area outside Europe. Individual ontogeny and colony 

development are illustrated and discussed. 

INTRODUCTION 

The three studies represented by chapters A, B, and 

C of this paper originated independently and were in an 

advanced stage of development before their relationship 

became obvious. The corals described by Stumm 

(1962) in ch_apter A a~e from a northeast-trending area, 

about 60 miles long, In the Moose River synclinorium 

(fig. 1) of Franklin, Somerset, and Piscataquis Counties 

Maine. The Lake Temiscouata area covered in chapte; 

B (Oliver, 1962) is about 170 miles N. 20° E. of the 

central part of the Moose River synclinorium (fig. 1). 

The Lake Metapedia area (this report) is 75 miles northeast of Lake Temiscouata and 230 miles N. 30° E. of 

the l\1oose River synclinorium. 

The following table summarizes the distribution of 

rugose corals described in chapters A, B, and C (X indicates occurrence; sp. indicates that the same species 

is present) : 

Genus Moose River Lake Lake 

synclinorium Temiscouata Matapedia 

----------------------1------

~2oz:~~Lz~~~;~;-,~~= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ----x---- x Cystiphyll?t1n___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ X ----------

Entelophyllu,nt_____________ X __ X ____ ========== I-loluwphyllwn _____________ X X _________ _ 

Kodonophyll1w1____________ __________ _____ X 

Phaulactis ________________ sp. sp. sp. 

Ptychophyllmn_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ X 

Spongophylloirles _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ X X 

St·reptelasma_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ X 

Tryplasm.a_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ sp. sp. 

~II three faunas are of Wenlock or Ludlow age 

(Middle and Late Silurian) for Entelophyllum, Holmophyllum, and Spongophylloides are not known from 

older rocks, and Entelophyllum, Holmophyllum, Kodonophyllum, and Phaulactis are not known from younger 

ones. Only Phaulactis quebecensis is known fron1 all 

three areas, but the faunas are small and the lack of 

taxa in common is not necessarily indicative of noncorrelation. 

Four of the five rugose genera from the Lake Temiscouata area are also described from l\1aine. At least 

two species and possibly four occur in both areas. . 

(See remarks accompanying the descriptions in chapter 

B.) Comparison of the tabulate coral faunas emphasizes the similarities. Eight genera are described from 

l\1aine; nine are listed from Lake Temiscoun.tn. · five 

genera and nt lenst three species occur in both ~reas. These compnrisons suggest thnt the Hardwood Mountain nnd Lobster Lake formations in l\1aine (chnpter 

A) are of the snme approximate nge ns the l\1.ont 

Wissick formntion in Quebec (chapter B). 

The brnchiopods from all three formntions in the 

Moose River synclinorium and Lake Temiscouata 

arens have been studied by A. J. Boucot. He considers them to be early Ludlow age (ornl communication, 1961). 

The Snynbec formation rugose cornl faunn (this 

report) is· small (four species) and the tabulates are 

not available for study. Phaulactis quebecensis probably is present (as in the other areas), but the Spongophylloides from the Saynbec is certainly not conspecific 

with the one from Maine, and neither Kodonophyllum 

nor Briantelasma is known from either of the other 

two areas. Correlation of the Sa.yabec formation 

with the l\1ont Wissick, Hardwood 11ountain, and 

Lobster Lake formations is not supported by the coral 

data. Boucot (oral communication, 1961) considers 

the Sayabec brachiopods to be of Wenlock age. 

Four of the 11 coral genera listed above have not 

21 
22 SILURIAN CORALS FROM MAINE AND QUEBEC 

71 " 

46" >----- ~ 

1 1 1 I X 

/"'Hardwood 

/ Mountain 

' formation 

( 

' I ,-~ 

/""\ - \ J X 

I'{ .... ,~ \, 

) I I 45" 11----i----- ( I :I: liS: ::VI> 

~\:z cnt'l 

::r:: 

t'l l L ;;:; l 

71" 

67" ~----r-----, 49" 

I 

( 

I 

jl 

x x Mont 1 __ ] Wi ssick 1 x ~ formation 1 

~ Lake I ~ T1 scouata I "\:::::::: area I 

I ~~, __ /// I / ret-- /_._)---~, I I I ~ ' 

/ / '\ 

Lake Matapedia area 

X 

Sayabec 

formation 

I ', 

#/ 

~. -::;'<) ~~ ... ~ ~~ 

I 

47" 

I 

I 

I 

7· 

vA X~ --------;>"'46" 

~ ~ I Lo,pster 

Lake 

I formatton 

MooKeheod 

Loke 

// 

/ 

I 

I _/, 

~,/ EXPLA:ATION 

68" 

69" Fossil loc'a lities discussed in text 

FIGURE 1.- lndex map showin g the general location of the three areas in ::viaine and Quebec from whi ch Gotland-type coral faunas have been described. 
SILURIAN RUGOSE CORALS FROM THE LAKE MATAPEDIA AREA, QUEBEC 23 

previously been described from North America: 

Holmophyllum, Kodonophyllum, Phaulactis, and Spongophylloides. The taxa Briantelasma, "Columnaria" 

corallijerum, and Ptychophyllum are North American 

elements. T-h-e remaining four genera are rnore or 

less cosmopolitan. As a whole, the fauna is more 

similar to the coral fauna of Gotland, Sweden, than to 

any described from America. 

The corals fron1 the Lake l\1atapedia area were 

collected by Jen,n Lajoie in the course of fieldwork for 

the Quebec Department of l\1ines. I am indebted 

to Lajoie and to Dr. Jacques Beland, of the Department 

of Mines, for permission to describe the corals. Thin 

sections were prepared by William C. Pinckney, Jr., 

of the U.S. Geologica] Survey; photographs are by the 

author. 

STRATIGRAPHIC SETTING 

Beland (1960) has outlined the stratigraphy and 

structure of the l\1atapedia Valley area and redescribed 

the Sayabec formation that was originally named by 

Crickmay (1932). Beland (1960, p. 6) described the 

formation as follows: "It is made up rnostly of a pure, 

fossiliferous, light to dark-gray limestone in which are 

thin beds . [of] argillaceous and silty rocks * * *. 

Part of the limestone is made up of large and sn1all 

angular fragments of corals and algae set in a matrix 

of fine-grained limestone." The Sayabec grades downward into the Val Brillant quartz sandstone and 

upward into the St. Leon siltstone. In the collection 

area, the Sayabec formation is about 1,200 feet thick 

(Lajoie, Jean, written con1munication, 1960). 

Crickmay (1932) correlated the Sayabec formation 

with the La Vieille formation in the Chaleurs Bay 

area farther east. The Canada Geological Survey 

(1957, p. 156) made the san1e correlation, but indicated 

the La Vieille to be of lower Lockport age (p. 154). 

Boucot (oral communication, 1961) assigned a Wenlock 

(pre-Lockport) age on the basis of his study of the 

brachiopods. 

The Lajoie collection includes the following rugose 

corals: 

Kodonophyllum corymbosum n. sp. 

Briantelasma sp. 

Phaulactis sp. 

Spongophylloides sp. 

Kodonophyllum, Phaulactis and Spongophylloides occur 

widely in the Silurian of Europe. Spongophylloides is 

not known to occur in rocks of pre-W enlook age, and 

neither Kodonophyllum nor Phaulactis are known in 

the Lower Devonian. All three genera are common in 

strata of both Wenlock and Ludlow age and together 

indicate this age range for the part of the Sayabec 

formation from which they have been collected. Briantelasma has been known previously only from beds of 

Early Devonian age in New York and l\1aine (Oliver, 

1960a, b). Its occurrence with the other three genera 

indicates a downward extension of its range into the 

Silurian. 

LOCALITY 

All the described and illustrated corals are frorn the 

Sayabec formation, 16,000 feet N. 30° E. of La Redemption village, on lots 18 and 19, of Range II, Awantjish 

Township, Matapedia Co·unty, Quebec. The locality. 

is marked as a "Fossil locality" on Beland's map (1960). 

Collections were n1ade along three parallel, cross-strike 

traverses, one-seventh of a mile apart, designated frorn 

southwest to northeast as A, B, and C by Lajoie. 

SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY 

Family STREPTELASMATIDAE 

Subfamily KODONOPHYLLINAE 

Genus KODONOPHYLLUM Wedekind 

Kodonophyllum Wedekind, 1927, p. 35-36; Smith and Trem.: 

berth, 1929, p. 367-368; Soshkina, 1937, p. 52-53; Hill, 

1956, p. 271. 

Patrophontes Lang and Smith, 1927, p. 456-457; 

Codonophyllum Lang, Smith, and Thomas, 1940, p. 39; Wang, 

1948, p. 104; 1950, p. 214. 

Type Species.-By original designation, Streptelasma 

milne-edwardsi Dybowski (1873, p. 410-415), Silurian, 

Island of Karlso, Sweden, = Madrepora truncata Linnaeus (17 58, p. 795), Silurian, Island of Gotland, Sweden 

(Lang, Smith, and Thomas, 1940, p. 39). 

Diagnosis.-Solitary or weakly fasciculate rugose 

corals with peripheral budding and a very wide septal 

stereozone to which rninor septa are limited. l\1ajor 

septa extend nearly to the axis, but are attenuate in 

tabularium. Tabulae are incomplete and arched; no 

dissepimen ts. 

Remarks.-Species of Kodonophyllum have been described fron1 rocks of Silurian age in Europe, from England eastward through Gotland to the Urals, U.S.S.R. 

A single species was described from Upper Ordovocian 

rocks in Estonia by Kaljo (1957, p. 159). The Quebec 

specres rs the first described fron1 an area outside 

Europe. 

Kodonophyllum corymbosum n. sp. 

Plates 9-13 

Diagnosis.-Weakly phaceloid Kodonophyllum with 

peripheral increase; tabulae incomplete, axially flat 

and periaxially arched. 

Externalfeatures.-Trochoid to ceratoid small rugose 

corals with maximum diameter, 18 mm, and length as 

much as 60 mm. Exterior with low rounded interseptal ridges and coarse encircling rugae. The calice, 
24 SILURIAN CORALS FROM MAINE AND QUEBEC 

known only in sections, is moderately deep and broadly 

V-shaped. Peripheral buds are developed in the outer 

part of the calice of many individuals. Some corallites are attached to others by broad lateral extensions 

of the peripheral stereozone. 

Internal features.-Septa radially arranged. Major 

septa number 22 to 29 in 24 transverse sections of 10 

to 18 mn1 diameter (fig. 2). Minor septa are approximately half as long as the major ones. The minor 

septa and the outer half of each major septum are 

dilated and in lateral contact. The septal stereozone 

thus formed is very regular in outline and completely 

fills the outer 0.5 to 0.6 of the radius of the coral. 

Major septa attenuate sharply at the inner margin 

of the stereozone and extend nearly to the axis where 

they expand slightly (rhopaloid) and may bend and 

join in an irregular fashion, although no axial s'tructure 

is formed. 

In longitudinal section the solid stereozone fills the 

outer part of the corallite. The tabularium is composed of axially flat and periaxially arched incomplete 

tabulae which are thin, or thickened with stereome. 

Microstructure.-The microstructure of the described 

specimens is very similar to the structure shown in 

illustrations of K. truncatum by Lang and Smith (1927, 

p. 456, text figs. 8, 9) and by Smith and Tremberth 

(1929, pl. 8, figs. 6, 7). In longitudinal section the 

septa show prominent but irregular structural units 

inclined upward from the periphery to the inner margin of the stereozone. These probably reflect the primary orientation of the trabeculae, but finer details 

are obscured by secondary recrystallization. In transverse section the structural units appear as end or 

oblique views, each septum being one unit wide. 

Where locally preserved, a fibrous pinnate structure 

suggests the monacanthine trabeculae of Hill (1936, 

p. 197, fig. 14). It is as though monocanths had been 

recrystallized as units, preserving the original orientation but destroying most of the pinnate structure of 

the individual trabeculae. 

Remarks.-The description given above is based on 

a group of 25 or more individuals from a single block 

of limestone, 6 by 10 by 12 em. Although some of the 

in'dividuals bud off others, there is no proof that the 

whole is a single colony. However, variation in such 

a sample is likely to be less than in a more representative collection. 

K. corymbosum differs from other species of Kodonophyllum by its wide stereozone and in the shape of 

its tabulae. It is very close to the type species K. 

truncatum, but in that species the tabulae are strongly 

arched, incomplete, and lack the axial flat part which 

is observed in K. corymbosum. 

Occurrence: Sayabec formation about 700 feet above the base 

on traverse C (holotype and associated individuals); traverse 

B, about 700 feet above the base (a single small-sized corallite, 

pl. 13, figs. 7, 8). 

Material: Holotype and associated illustrated paratypes, 

USNM 139460; illustrated paratype from traverse B, USNM 

139461. 

Ontogeny and colony development 

Hill (1935, p. 491-492; 1956, fig. 173, p. 244) reviewed, 

summarized, and illustrated the terminology of corallum development in rugose corals. Specialized terms 

used in the following discussion are from Hill, but they 

may be briefly defined as follows. An offset is the 

skeleton of a bud or daughter polyp, attached to a 

protocorallite, the ske]eton of the parent polyp. Skeletal tissue formed by the parent as part of the protocorallite but utilized and built-on by the daughter is atavotissue; skeletal tissue formed by the daughter alone is 

neotissue. An offset is composed of both neotissue and 

atavotissue in its early stages, but the two terms are 

not meaningful after the offset assumes its adult 

characteristics. 

FIGURE 2.-0ntogenetic diameter increase relative to septal number in 67 

transverse thin sections of 25 or more corallites of Kodonophyllum corymbosum. Circles represent data from 7 serial sections of corallite 3 (holotype). 

Curve fitted visually. 
SILURIAN RUGOSE CORALS FROM THE LAKE MATAPEDIA AREA, QUEBEC 25 

6~-----1~0------~14~-----1~8------....l22-------2~6------....l30 

NUMBER OF MAJOR SEPTA (n) 

FIGURE a.-Ontogenetic diameter increase relative to septal number in 7 

serial sections of corallite 3 (bolotype). Curve fitted visually. 

-;:-.. 

~ 

(J) 

a:: 

w 

fw 

~ 

::::i 

= ~ 

~ 

a::· 

w 

fw 

~ 

<( 

0 

~ 

=> 

0: 

<( 

...J 

=> 

en 

<( 

f2 

0 

6 

NUMBER OF MAJOR SEPTA (n) 

FIGURE 4.-0utogenetic tabularium-diameter increase relative to septal 

number in 65 transverse thin sections of 25 or more corallites of Kodonophyllum corymbosum. Circles represent data from 6 serial sections of corallite 3 (holotype). Curve fitted visually. 

30 

Corallum development has been described in only a 

few species of rugose corals, mostly with different 

growth forrns from that of Kodonophyllum corymbosum. 

624·649 0-62------6 

5.01- ~ * 

X 

X ® 

~ 

4.5-

0 

X 

I' I I I I 

10 14 18 22 26 30 

NUMBER OF MAJOR SEPTA (n) 

FIGURE 5.-0ntogenetic tabularium-ratio decrease relative to septal number 

in 65 transverse thin sections of 25 or more corallites of Kodonophyllum 

corymbosum. Circles represent data from 6 serial sections of corallite 3 

(bolotype). 

The form and develop1nent of Entelophyllum articulatum (Wahlenberg) is very similar, however (Smith and 

Tremberth, 1929, p. 370-372). This species differs 

only in having relatively larger and more numerous 

offsets so that neotissue forms an almost complete 

epithecal ring around the axial area of the protocorallite. In contrast, K. corymbosum offsets are small and 

generally well separated frmn each other. 

Eight serial transverse sections through a clump of 

K. corymbosum are illustrated on plates 9 and 10. 

Orientation of corallites within the clump is regular 

enough so that the serial sections show the ontogeny of 

several individmils as well as the development of offsets in calices. Numbers on the photograph keys designate successive sections of the same individual. 

Increase takes place within the calice, generally on 

the peripheral platform, although the single offset in 

corallite 6 (pl. 9, fig. 1; pl. 10, fig. 6) occupies most of 
26 SILURIAN CORALS FROM MAINE AND QUEBEC 

~ 

(f) 

0:: 

LLJ 

1-

LLJ 

18 

16 

14 

12 

210 

::J 

.....J 

2 

z 

ci" 

~ 8 LLJ 

2 

<t: 

0 

6 

4 

2 

/~ 

/ 

0

o 2 4 8 

TABULARIUM DIAMETER, IN MILLIMETERS (dt) 

FIGURE 6.-0ntogenetic variation in diameter with tabularium diameter 

in 65 transverse thin sections of 25 or more corallites of Kodonophyllum 

corymbosum. Circles represent data from 6 serial sections of corallite 3 

(holotype). Curve fitted visually. 

the parental calice and is virtually an example of rejuvenation. In the specimens studied, fron1 1 to 5 or 

6 offsets were formed by a parent corallite in a given 

reproductive phase. The offsets in the calice of corallite 3 (pl. 11, figs. 8-12) illustrate several stages of their 

development. These and others shown on plates 12 

and 13 are cited in the following discussion. 

Initially the offset appears as a b~lge on th.e inner 

wall of the _calice (stage 1). The bulge is formed by 

neotissue which becomes one side of the offset (pl. 12, 

figs. 1, 4). The septa of the parent on which the bulge 

appears are little affected but form part of the new 

calice (atavotissue). A second stage is begun by the 

development of very small septa on the neoside of the 

offset (pl. 11, fig. 9; pl. 12, fig. 2; pl. 13, figs. 4, 5). To 

this point the textural contrast between neotissue and 

atavotissue in the offset is distinct (pl. 13, fig. 5). 

Gradually the bulge expands (pl. 11, fig. 10; pl. 12, fig. 3; 

pl. 13, figs. 3, 6) and septa become uniforn1 in size 

within the offset (stage 3), although those on the atavoside represent new growth on parental septa (pl. 11, 

fig. 11; pl. 12, figs. 5, 6). After the offset becomes free 

of the parent on all sides (stage 4), it continues to increase in size and number of septa, but has for the most 

part the adult characters (pl. 11, figs. 2, 12). Small 

offsets of stage 4 may have as few as 10 major septa 

(pl. 9, fig. 7), although offsets of stage 3 may have as 

many as 16 (pl. 11, fig. 1) or more. 

Individual development after becoming free of the 

parent corallite on all sides is shown statistically in 

figures 2 to 6. Data are from 65 transverse sections of 

more than 25 corallites shown in the serial sections 

(pls. 9, 10). 

In figure 2 the curved line represents average ontogenetic development of diameter by growth stages 

arbitrarily based on number of septa. Data for 

corallite 3 (holotype) are shown separately in figure 3. 

The simple allometric pattern of growth indicates that 

the rate of increase in diameter increases with maturity. 

The spread of ·points around the line in figure 2 represents individual variation. Figure 4 shows the ontogenetic development of tabularium diameter. The 

graph is similar to figure 2 and the same remarks apply. 

Figure 5 shows the development of the tabularium 

ratio (tabularium diameter (dt) divided by total 

diameter (d)). This ratio tends to decline with growth, 

as has been shown in some other rugose corals (Oliver, 

1960a, p. 71-73, fig. 29), but variation is great and 

allometry cannot be distinguished. 

Figure 6 indicates allometric development of diameter 

and tabularium diameter and differs from figures 2 to 5 

in not being based on septal number classes. 

Subfamily STREPTELASMATIN AE 

Genus BRIANTELASMA Oliver 

Briantelasma Oliver, 1960a, p. 89; 1960b, p. 6-7. 

Type species.-Briantelasma ameTicanum Oliver 

(1960a, p. 89-91, pl. 14, figs. 1-14). Reef facies of 

Coeymans limestone, Helderberg age, Early Devonian, 

Madison and Oneida Counties, New York. 
SILURIAN RUGOSE CORALS FROM 'IHE LAKE MA'l.'APEDIA AREA, QUEBEC 27 

Diagnosis.-

Simple trochoid to cylindrical corals with subpinnately 

arranged major septa extending nearly to the axis; minor septa 

one-third to two-thirds as long. Marginarium formed by 

stereoplasmic infilling between irregularly dilated septa. Tabularium may be partly or entirely filled with stereome, especially 

in early growth stages. Tabulae strongly domed with axial 

depression, complete and closely spaced. Cardinal fossula 

present (Oliver, 1960b, p. 6) .. 

Remarks.-Previously recognized species of B'riantelasma are from rocks of Early Devonian (Helderberg) age in New York and l\1aine. The specimens 

here described extend this range downward into the 

Silurian. 

Briantelasma sp. 

Plate 14, figures 8-12 

Description.-Two small ceratoid horn corals have 

the following dimensions: length, 60 and 30 ± mm; 

maximum diameter 13 and 12 mm. Exterior smooth, 

with broad weak septal grooves and a few rugae. 

Calice (known only in section) n1oderately deep with 

septa projecting well in; fossula formed by short 

cardinal septum. 

Transverse sections show a slight pinnate arrangement of the septa on either side of a short cardinal 

septum. The major septa extend nearly to the axis, 

the minor septa are one-fourth as long. The number 

of major septa (n) in four transverse thin sections in 

the two specimens is as follows: Diameter 

Specimen n (mm) 

1----------------------------- 29 12 

28 10. 5 

20 7 2 ____________________________ _ 28-30 12 

All septa are n1oderately dilated and tend to be rhopaloid. Axial and interseptal space is filled with stereome 

which is distinguishable from the septal tissue. A 

transverse thin section taken just below the calice shows 

a narrow open zone separating peripheral from axial 

zones of deposition. 

Longitudinal sections show only the infilling stereome; 

tabulae cannot be distinguished. A chevron structure 

in the marginarium, similar to that described in other 

species of Briantelasma, is weakly developed in one of 

the two specimens. 

Remarks.-Previously described species of Briantelasma have smooth calices with only slight or no 

septal projection; B. sp. differs by having prominent 

septal ridges on all sides. B. sp. is similar to B. 

mainense (Oliver, 1960b, p. 7) in septal shape and 

structure as seen in transverse section. It is similar 

to B. americanum (Oliver, 1960a, p. 89) in the extent 

of stereome infilling. 

Material: Illustrated specimen, USNM 139462; traverse B, 

about 700 feet above bas~ of formation; specimen 2, traverse C, 

about 500 feet above base of formation. 

Family LYKOPHYLLIDAE 

Genus PHAULACTIS Ryder 

Phaulactis Ryder, 1926, p. 392; for synonymy, see Oliver, 1962. 

Diagnosis.-Small to medium-sized trochoid to cylindrical solitary corals with numerous bilaterally arranged 

long septa; a wide zone of small arched dissepiments; 

and closely spaced incomplete arched tabulae. In 

early stages the septa are dilated and in lateral con tact; 

in later stages the septa attenuate from the periphery 

inward; and in the final stage they may show little 

or no dilation. 

Remarks:-Species of Phaulactis have been described 

from England, Gotland, the U.S.S.R., and Australia, 

from rocks ranging in age from upper Llandovery to 

Ludlow. Stumm (1962) and Oliver (1962) have 

described Phaulactis from Silurian rocks in Maine and 

the Squateck area, Quebec. 

Phaulactis sp. 

Plate 14, figures 6, 7 

Description.-A single trochoid to ceratoid horn coral 

has the following dimensions: length, 20+ mm; maximum diameter, 15 mm. Exterior and calice not known. 

A transverse section shows the typical Phaulactis 

structure of axial dilation with septa partly in lateral 

contact, with peripheral attenuation. Twenty-seven 

major septa are present at a diameter of 12 mm. The 

major septa ~xtend nine-tenths the distance to the axis; 

minor septa are less than half as long. 

A longitudinal section shows complete and incomplete roughly horizontal tabulae in the axial region, 

separated by a zone of septal dilation from the peripheral dissepimentarium. The dissepimentarium occupies nearly half the radius and is composed of many 

rows of inclined globose dissepiments. 

Remarks.-The single specimen here referred to 

Phaulactis is similar to, and probably conspecific with, 

Phaulactis q_uebecensis Oliver (1962). 

Material: Illustrated specimen, USNM 139464; traverse B, 

about 700 feet above base of formation. 

Family PTENOPHYLLIDAE 

GenusSPONGOPHYLLOIDES 

Spongophylloides Meyer, 1881, p. 109; Lang and Smith, 1927, 

p. 459; Butler, 1934, p. 541; Prantl, 1939, p. 133-134; Hill 

and Jones, 1940, p. 180-181; Hill, 1956, p. 303. 

Actinocystis Lindstrom, 1882, p. 21; 1896, p. 47-48; Wedekind, 

1927, p. 44-45. 

Type species.-Spongophylloides schumanni Meyer 

(1881, p. 109-110, pl. 5, figs. 12, 12a-c)=Cystiphyllum 

grayi E. and H. 
28 SILURIAN CORALS FROM MAINE AND QUEBEC 

(1851, p. 465), Silurian, Wenlockian, England (Lang, 

Smith, and Thomas, 1940, p. 121). 

Diagnosis.-Solitary rugose corals with long, thin 

septa limited to the tabularium, which is made up of 

small incomplete tabulae. The dissepimentarium comprizes a zone of small inclined dissepiments, into which 

the septa do not penetrate. 

Remarks.-Species of Spongophylloides have been 

described from the Middle and Upper Silurian of 

Europe and Maine. Lower Devonian occurrences 

have been reported but not verified. 

Spongophylloides sp. 

Plate 14, figures 1-5 

Description.-Two small trochoid or cer.atoid horn 

corals have the following dimensions: length, 20 and 30 

mm; maximum diameter, 11 and 12 mm. Exterior 

smooth. Calice not known. 

Transverse sections show a slight bilateral arrangement of the septa. The major septa extend.most of the 

way to the axis; minor are half as long. The number of 

n1ajor septa (n) in 4 transverse thin sections of the 2 

individuals is as follows: 

Specimen n 

1----------------------------- 24 

20 

2_____________________________ 25 

21 

Diameter 

(mm) 

11 

10 

12 

6 

All septa are attenuate and limited to the tabularium. 

Marginarium is a lonsdaloid dissepimentarium formed 

by dilated dissepiments around part or all of the periphery in ephebic sections; the neanic marginarium and 

part of the early ephebic marginarium is a solid stereozone. The marginarium becomes more open with 

ontogenetic development. 

Available longitudinal sections are poor, but they 

show steeply inclined thickened dissepiments in three 

or more rows and incomplete tabulae which fonn a 

concave pattern. 

Remarks.-Spongophylloides sp. differs from previously described species of Spongophylloides by the 

possession of a marginarium that is partly a lonsdaloid 

dissepimentarium and partly a solid stereozone; it is 

probably a new species. 

Material: Illustrated specimens USNM 139465, 139466; 

traverses A and C, about 500 feet above the base of the formation. 

REFERENCES CITED 

Beland, Jacques, 1960, Preliminary report on Rimouski-Matapedia area, electoral districts of Rimouski, Matapedia, 

Bonaventure and Matane: Quebec Dept. Mines, Geol. 

Survey Br., Prelim. Rept. 430, 18 p., map. 

Butler, A. J., 1934, On the Silurian corals Spongophylloides grayi 

(Edwards and Haime) and S. pusillus, sp. n.: Annals and 

Mag. Nat. History, ser. 10, v. 13, p. 540-548, pls. 17, 18. 

Canada Geological Survey, 1957, Geology and economic minerals 

of Canada: 4th ed., Canada Geol. Survey, Econ. Geology 

Ser. 1, 517 p. 

Crickmay, G. W., 1932, Evidence of Taconic orogeny in Mata· 

pedia Valley, Quebec: Am. Jour. Sci., 5th ser., v. 24, p. 

368-385. 

Hill, Dorothy, 1935, British terminology for rugose corals: 

Geol. Mag., v. 72, p. 481-519. 

--- 1936, The British Silurian rugose corals with acanthine 

septa: Royal Soc. London Philos. Trans., Ser. B, no. 532, 

v. 226, p. 189-217, pls. 29, 30. 

--- 1956, Rugosa, in Moore, R. C., ed., Treatise on invertebrate paleontology, pt. F, Coelenterata: Geol. Soc. America 

and Kansas Univ. Press, p. 233-324. 

Hill, Dorothy, and Jones, 0. A., 1940, The corals of the Garra 

beds Molong district, New South Wales: Royal Soc. New 

South Wales Jour. and Proc., v. 74, p. 175--208, pls. 2-8. 

Kaljo, D., 1957, Codonophyllacea from the Ordovician and 

Llandoverian of the Baltic: Estonia Acad. Sci., Naturalists' 

Soc. Year book, v. 50, p. 153-168, pls. 16-17. [In Russian, 

brief summaries in Estonian and English.] 

Lang, W. D., and Smith, Stanley, 1927, A critical revision of the 

rugose corals described by William Lonsdale in Murchison's 

"Silurian System": Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., v. 83, 

p. 448-491, pls. 34-37. 

Lang, W. D., Smith, Stanley, and Thomas, H. D., 1940, Index of 

Palaeozoic coral genera: London, British Mus. (Nat. History), 

231 p. 

Lindstrom, Gustav, 1882, Anteckningar om silurlagren pa 

Carlsiiarne: Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Ofvers., Forhandl., v. 

39, no. 3, p. 5-30. 

--- 1896, Beschreibung einiger Obersilurischer Korallen aus 

der Insel Gotland: Kongl. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Bihang 

Handl., v. 21, pt. 4, no. 7, p. 1-50, pls. 1-8. 

Meyer, Georg, 1881, Rugose Korallen als ost- und westpreussische Diluvialgeschiebe: Phys. Gesell. Konigsberg Schr., 

v. 22, p. 97-110, pl. 5. 

Oliver, W. A., Jr., 1960a, Rugose corals from reef limestones in 

the Lower Devonian of New York: Jour. Paleontology, 

v. 34, p. 59-100, pls. 13-19. 

--- 1960b, Devonian rugose corals from northern Maine: 

U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1111-A, p. 1-23, pls. 1-5. 

--- 1962, Silurian rugose corals from the Lake Temiscouata 

area, Quebec: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 430-B, p. 11-

19, pls. 5-8. 
SILURIAN RUGOSE CORALS FROM THE LAKE MATAPEDIA AREA, QUEBEC 29 

Prantl, Ferdinand, 1939, On the occurrence of the genus Spongophylloides Meyer in the Bohemian Silurian: Internat. 

Acad. Sci. Boheme Prague Bull., p. 133-137, 1 pl. 

Ryder, T. A., 1926, Pycnactis, Mesactis, Phaulactis, gen. nov., 

and Dinophyllum Lind.: Annals and Mag. Nat. History, 

ser. 9, v. 18, p. 385-401, pls. 9-12. 

Smith, Stanley, and Tremberth, Reginald, 1929, On the Silurian 

. corals Madreporites articulatus, Wahlenberg, and Madrepora 

truncata Linnaeus: Annals and Mag. Nat. History, ser. 10, 

v. 3, p. 361-376, pls. 7~ 8. 

Soshkina, E. D., 1937, Corals of the Upper Silurian and Lower 

Devonian of the eastern and western slopes of the Urals: 

U.S.S.R., Acad. Sci. Inst. Paleozoology Trans., v. 6, pt. 4, 

112 p., 21 pls. [In Russian, English summary.] 

Stumm, E. C., 1962, Silurian corals from the Moose River 

Synclinorium, Maine: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 430-A, 

p. 1-9, pls. 1-4. 

Wang, H. C., 1948, Notes on some rugose corals in the Gray 

collection, from Girvan, Scotland: Geol. Mag., v. 85, 

p. 97-106, pl. 7. 

--- 1950, A revision of the Zoantharia Rugosa in the light of 

their minute skeletal structures: Royal Soc. London Philos. 

Trans., Ser. B, no. 611, v. 234, p. 175-246, pls. 4-9. 

Wedekind, Rudolf, 1927, Die Zoantharia Rugosa von Gotland 

(bes. N ordgotland) : Sweden, Geol. U ndersokning, Ser. Ca, 

no. 19, 95 p., 30 pls. 

INDEX 

[Italic numbers indicate descriptions] 

Page 

americannm, Briantelasma ____________________________________________________ 26, 27 

articulatnm, Entelophyllnm _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 

Australia_____________________________________________________________________ 27 

B~land, Jacques, quoted______________________________________________________ 23 

Boucot, A. J _ ---------------------------------------------------------------- 21 Briantelasma ___________________________________________________________ 21, 23, 26-27 

americannm __ ---------------------------- ________ --------- _______________ 26.27 

mainense_ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ 27 

SP-------------------------------------------------------------- 23, 27; pl. 14 

Col~tmnaria___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ 21 

corallifernm __ -- __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 

corallifemm, Colnmnaria __ ---------------- _________ -------------------- _ ____ __ 23 

corymbosnm, Kondophyll~tm __ . __ -------------- ________________ ------- 28-26; pis. 9-13 Cystiphyll~tm____ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 

ora.yi_ __ ------------------------------------------------------------------- 27-28 

Distribution of rugo~c corals _________________________________ ----------------- 21 

England _______________ . ___ -------------------------- ____ ------------------- 23, 27, 28 Entelophyllnm_ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 

articulatum_ --------------------- __ ---------------------------- ____ ____ ___ 25 Estonia" _ --- _________________________ - _____ -- _________ -_- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 

Europe __________________ .-------------------------------- ____________________ 23, 28 

Gotland, Island, Sweden_---------------------------------------------------- 23.27 

grayi, Cystiphyllum _____________ -------- __________ ----------------- ____________ 27-28 

Hardwood .Mountain formation, Maine_______________________________________ 21 

1-Iolmophyll~tm _________ _____________ --------------------------------- _________ 21,23 

Karlso, Island, Sweden ______ ------------- ____ -------------------_____________ 23 

Kodonophyll~tm ____________ ------- ___ ---------------------- ______ -------- __ 21, 28, 24 

corymbosum __ ------------------------------------------------ 28-,'£6; pis. 9-13 truncatum _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 

La Vicille formation, Chalcurs Bay, Quebec _________________________________ _ 

Lajoie, Joan _________________________________________________________________ _ 23 

23 

Page 

Lobster Lake formation, Maine_______________________________________________ 21 

Location of fossile areas in Maine and Quebec __ ------------------------------ 21,22 

Madrepora trur.cata___________________________________________________________ 23 

Maine _____________________________________________________________________ 23, 27, 28 

mainense, Briantelasma_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 

milne-edwardsi, Streptelasma_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 

Mont Wissick formation, Quebec_____________________________________________ 21 

Moose River synclinorium, Maine_------------------------------------------ 21 

Now York _________________________________________________________________ 23, 26,27 

Oliver, W. A., Jr., quoted____________________________________________________ 27 

Phaulactis _ ----------------------- _________________________________________ 21, 23, 27 

quebecensis___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ 21 

SP----------------------------------------------------------------- 23, 27; pl. 14 Pinckney, William C., Jr_____________________________________________________ 23 

Ptychophyllum _________________________ ------------------------------ _________ 21,23 

Quebec _________________________________________________________________ 21, 22, 23, 27 

quebecensis, Phaulactis ____ --------------- ___________ --------- _____ ____________ 21 

Sayabec formation _________________________________________________________ 21, 23,24 

schumanni, Spongophylloides _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 

Spongophylloides ______________________________ ----------- _______________ 21. 23,27-28 

schnmannL __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 

sp __ ----------- _____________ ------------------- ______ --------------- 28; pl. 14 

Squateck area, Quebec________________________________________________________ 27 

Streptelasma_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 

milne-edwardsL _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 

T~miscouata, Lake, area _____________________________________________________ 21, 22 

Terminology of corallum development in rugose corals________________________ 24 

truncata, Madrepora __ ---------------------------- _______ ---------- ____ _______ 23 

truncatum, Kodonophyllum ________ --------------------------------- _____ _____ 24 Tryplasma_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 

U.S.S.R---------------------------------------------------------------------- 23,27 

31 

PLATES l-4 
PLATE 1 

[All figures X 4 unless otherwise indicated] 

FIGURES 1, 2. Phaulactis sp. A (p. 2). 

1. Transverse section of a specimen showing septal thickening in cardinal quadrants. Figured specimen USNM 

139430, Cranbourne limestone, USGS loc. 3611-SD. 

2. Another transverse section of the same specimen. 

3-5. Holmophyllum pseudocarinatum n. sp. (p. 4). 

3. Transverse section showing edges of acanthine septa and edges of tabulae. Holotype, USNM 139439, Hardwood Mountain formation, USGS loc. 2822-SD. 

4. Longitudinal section of same specimen showing wide dissepimentarium, oblique acanthine septa, and concave 

tabulae. 

5. Another longitudinal section of same spedmen showing side view of calyx. 

6-8. Entelophyllum sp. A (p. 3). 

6. Tangential section showing carinate septa and part of dissepimentarium. Figured specimen USNM 139432. 

Hardwood mountain formation, USGS loc. 3484-SD, X 2. 

7. Transverse section showing carinate septa. Figured specimen USNM 139433. Same occurrence as original 

of figure 6. 

8. Another transverse section. USNM 139434. Cranbourne limestone, USGS loc. 3611-SD. 

9. Spongophylloides sp. A (p. 3). 

9. Transverse section showing lonsdaleioid dissepimentarium. Figured specimen USNM 139437. Hardwood 

Mountain formation, USGS loc. 3484-SD. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROF~SSIONAL PAPER 430 PLATE 1 

7 8 9 

PHAULACTIS, HOLMOPHYLLUM, ENTELOPHYLLUM, AND SPONGOPHYLLOIDES 
PLATE 2 

[All figures X 4 unless otherwise indicated] 

FIGURE 1. Streptelasma? sp. A (p. 2). 

1. Transverse section showing septa, peripheral stereozone, and possible axial structure. Figured speciman 

USNM 139427. Cranbourne limestone, USGS loc. 3611-SD. 

2. Cystiphyllum sp. A (p. 3). 

2. Transverse section showing dissepiments and degenerate acanthine septa. Figured specimen USN M 

139438. Lobster Lake formation, USGS loc. 1417-SD. X 2. 

3-5. Ptychophyllum sp. A (p. 3). 

3. Transverse section showing septa thickening axially and producing axial whorls. USNM 139435. Hardwood 

Mountain formation, USGS loc. 3484-SD. 

4. Another transverse section of the same specimen. 

5. Incomplete transverse section showing tabularium. USNM 139436. Cranbourne limestone, USGS loc. 

3611-SD. 

6-8. Streptelasma? sp. C (p. 2). 

6. Transverse section, late neanic stage. Figured specimen USNM 139429. Lobster Lake formation, USGS 

loc. 1417-SD. X 2. 

7. Transverse section ephebic stage of same specimen. X 2. 

8. Longitudinal section of same specimen showing sinuous tabulae. 

9-11. Entelophyllum parvum n. sp. (p. 2). 

9. Longitudinal section showing axial and periaxial parts of tabularium and narrow dissepimentarium. Halotype USNM 139431. Hardwood Mountain formation, USGS loc. 2822-SD. 

10. Transverse section of same specimen showing position of probable connecting talon. 

11. Another transverse section of same specimen showing thin noncarinate septa. 

12, 13. Streptelasma? sp. B (p. 2). 

12. Transverse section cut near base of calyx showing peripheral stereozone and tapering septa. Figured 

specimen USNM 139428. Hardwood Mountain formation, USGS loc. 3484-SD. X 2. 

13. Transverse section cut through calyx of same specimen. 

14-16. Tryplasma nordica n. sp. (p. 4). 

14. Transverse section showing acanthine septa. Holotype USNM 139440. Lobster Lake formation, USGS 

loc. 1417-SD. 

15. Transverse section of another specimen. Paratype USNM 139441. Same occurrence as original of figure 

14. X 2. 

16. Longitudinal section of holotype, X 2. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 430 PLATE 2 

1 

6 

7 

15 

8 

16 

9 11 13 

STREPTELASMA , CYSTIPHYLLUM, PTYCHOPHYLLUM, ENTELOPHYLLUM, AND TRYPLASMA 
PLATE 3 

[All figures X 4] 

FIGURES 1, 2. Astrocerium intermittens n. sp. (p. 5). 

1. Longitudinal section of holotype showing evenly spaced tabulae and intermittently developed septal spines. 

Holotype USNM 139445, Hardwood Mountain formation, USGS loc. 3484-SD. 

2. Transverse section of same specimen showing septal spines well developed in some corallites, absent in others. 

3, 4. Astrocerium intermittens magnum n. subsp. (p. 5). 

3. Longitudinal section showing tabulae and short septal spines. Holotype USNM 139446. Hardwood Mountain 

formation, USGS loc. 2728-SD. 

4. Transverse section of same specimen. 

5, 6. Propora nordica n. sp. (p. 4). 

5. Transverse section showing tabulate areas with septal spines and intertabulate areas. Holotype USNM 

139442. Cranbourne limestone, USGS loc. 3611-SD. · 

6. Longitudinal section of same specimen showing domed dissepiments in intertabulate areas. 

7, 8. Arcturia angularis n. sp. (p. 6). 

7. Transverse section showing polygonal or subrounded corallites with connecting tubules. Holotype USNM 

139449, Hardwood Mountain formation, USGS loc. 3484-SD. 

8. Longitudinal section of same specimen showing tubules and complete tabulae. 

9, 10. Favosites niagarensis Hall (p. 5). 

9. Transverse section showing polygonal corallites. Hypotype USNM 139447, Hardwood Mountain formation, 

USGS loc. 3488-SD. 

10. Longitudinal section showing mural pores and relatively widely spaced tabulae. Hypotype USNM 139448, 

same occurrence as original of figure 9. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 430 PLATE 3 

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3 4 

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8 10 

ASTROCERIUM, PROPORA, ARCTURIA, AND FA VOSITES 

624649 0-62--3 
PLATE 4 

[All figures X 4] 

FIGURES 1, 2. Heliolites interstinctus occidentalis n. subsp. (p. 5). 

1. Transverse section showing tubuli and tabulate areas with short septal ridges. Holotype USNM 139444. 

Hardwood Mountain formation, USGS loc. 3496-SD. 

2. Longitudinal section of same specimen showing widely spaced tabulae. 

3-5. Cystihalysites sp. cf. C. amplitubulata (Lambe) (p. 6). 

3. Transverse section showing elliptical, thick-walled macrocorallites and recrystallized microcorallite areas between 

them. Figured specimen USNM 139450, Hardwood Mountain formation, USGS loc. 3496-SD. 

4. Transverse section showing long ranks of corallites. Figured specimen USNM 139451, Hardwood Mountain 

formation, USGS loc. 3400-SD. 

5. Longitudinal section of same specimen showing horizontal tabulae in macrocorallites and cystose tabellae in 

microcorallites. 

6, 7. Syringopora multitubulosa n. sp. (p. 6). 

6. Longitudinal section showing dissepiments and septal spines. Holotype USNM 139452, Hardwood Mountain 

formation, USGS loc. 3484-SD. 

7. Transverse section of same specimen showing connecting tubules. 

8, 9. Plasmopora jranklinensis n. sp. (p. 4). 

8. Longitudinal section showing tabulate and intertabulate areas. Holotype USNM 139443, Hardwood Mountain 

formation, USGS loc. 3484-SD. 

9. Transverse section of same specimen showing septal ridges. 

\ 

~ 

" 

( 

.) 

., 

.~ 
GEOLOGICAL URVEY PROFESSIONAL P ~PER 430 PLATE 4 

2 5 

3 

6 

4 7 

8 9 

HELIOLITES, CYSTIHAL1'SITES, SYRINGOPORA, A 0 PLASMOPORA 
PLATES 5-8 
PLATE 5 

[All figures X 2.5 unless otherwise indicated] 

FIGURES 1-5. Phaulactis quebecensis n. sp. (p.12). 

1-4. Holotype, USNM 139220; 1, 2, transverse and longitudinal thin sections of late ephebic 

stage, transverse section taken at base of longitudinal section; 3, 4, parts of figures 1 

and 2 (X ·10). 

5. Paratype, USNM 139221; transverse thin section through middle ephebic stage. 

6, 7. Holmophyllum sp. 1, X 5, USNM 139458, 139459 (p.15). Transverse and longitudinal thin 

sections of different individuals. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 430 PLATE 

3 

6 

4 7 

PHAULACTIS QUEBECENSIS N. SP. AND HOLMOPHYLLUM SP. 1 
PLATE·6 

[All figures X 2.5 unless otherwise indicated] 

FIGURES 1-10. Phaulactis quebecensis n. sp. (p.12). 

1-3. Paratype, USNM 139222; 1, 2, transverse thin sections of middle and early ephebic 

stages; 3, longitudinal thin section. 

4-6. Para type, USNM 139223; 4, longitudinal thin section; 5, transverse thin section through 

late neanic stage; 6, part of figure 5 (X 1 0). 

7-9. Paratype, USNM 139224; 7, 8, transverse thin sections through middle and early ephebic 

stages; 9, part of figure 7 (X 10). 

10. Paratype, USNM 139225; transverse thin section through ephebic stage. 

11, 12. Entelophyllum sp. 1, X 5, USNM 139240 (p.15). Transverse and longitudinal thin sections. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 430 PLATE 6 

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6 

3 

4 

5 

8 

7 

10 

9 

PHAULACTIS QUEBECENSIS AND ENTELOPHYLLUM SP. 1 
PLATE 7 

(All figures X 5 unless otherwise indicated] 

FIGURES 1-7. Tryplasma nordica Stumm (p.13). 

1-3. USNM 139228; 1, 2, transverse thin sections; 3, part of figure 2 (X 50). 

4. USNM 139229; longitudinal thin section. 

5-7. USNM 139230; 5, 6, longitudinal and transverse thin sections, transverse section taken 

just below the longitudinal section; 7, part of 5 (X 50). 

8, 9. Holmophyllum sp. 1, USNM 139238 (p. 15). Transverse and longitudinal thin sections. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 430 PLATE 7 

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6 

7 

8 

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TRYPLASMA NORDICA STUMM AND HOLMOPHYLLUM SP. 1 

624649 0 ----.62--5 
PLATE 8 

[All figures X 15 unless otherwise indicated] 

FIGURES 1-8. Columnaria? coralliferum (Hall) (p.14). 

1, 2. USNM 139232; longitudinal section showing deeply concave tabulae, and transverse 

section. 

3, 4. USNM 139233; 3, longitudinal thin section showing local development of dissepiments; 

4, part of figure 3 (X 50). 

5, 6. USNM 139234; transverse thin section and part of same (X 50). 

7, 8. USNM 139235; transverse thin section and part of same (X 50). 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 430 PLATE 8 

3 

5 7 

6 8 

COLUMNARIA? CORALLIFERUM (HALL) 
PLATES 9-14 
PLATE 9 

FIGuRES 1-7. Kodonophyll1tm corymbosum n. sp., USNM 139460 (p. 23). 

1-3. Serial transverse thin sections of principal clump of corallites (X 1.5). Key to individual corallites is given 

below. Figure 1 is the youngest section. 

4-6. Longitudinal thin sections (X 4) of corallites 1, 4, and 3, respectively. Corallite 3 is the holotype. All three 

longitudinal sections were taken just below the transverse section shown in figure 3 and above the sections 

on plate 10. 

7. Transverse section (X 20) of small, stage 4 offset, located between corallites 1 and 3 (pl. 10, fig. 4). 

KEY TO SERIAL SECTIONS; PLATE 9, FIGURES 1-3, REDUCED }~ 

Numbers on the figures mark corallites that can be seen in more than one section. The 

three sections were cut at about 5-mm intervals and are in descending order. 

Figures 1-5 on plate 10 are part of the same series, but are separated from these 3 

sections by a distance of 17 mm in which the longitudinal sections, figures 4-6, were cut. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 430 PLATE 9 

7 

6 

5 

3 4 

KODONOPHYLLUM CORYMBOSUM N. SP. 
PLATE 10 

FIGURES 1-6. Kodonophyllum corymbosum n. sp., USNM 139460 (p. 23). 

1-5. Serial transverse thin sections of principal clump of corallites (X 1.5). Key to individual corallites is given 

below. Figure 1 is the youngest section. These continue the series of plate 9, figures 1-3, and were taken 

below the longitudinal sections (pl. 9 figs. 4-6). 

6. Detail (X 5) of corallite 6 (pl. 9, fig. 1). 

KEY TO SERIAL SECTIONs; PLATE 10, FIGURES 1-5, REDUCED %. 

Numbers on the figures mark corallites that can be seen in more than one section. The 

five sections were cut at about 5-mm intervals and are in descending order. 

Figures 1-3 on plate 9 are higher in the same series, but are separated from these 5 

sections by a distance of 17 mm. 

;-
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 430 PLATE 10 

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6 

3 

KODONOPHYLLUM CORYMBOSUM N. SP. 

624649 0-62-7 
PLATE 11 

FIGURES 1-12. Kodonophyllum corymbosum n. sp., USNM 139460 (p. 23). Enlargements of corallite 3 from the serial transverse 

sections on plates 9 and 10. 

1. Stage 3 offset (X 10) (pl. 10, fig. 5). 

2. Stage 4 offset (X 10) (pl. 10, fig. 4). 

3-5. Developing corallite (X 3) (pl. 10, figs. 3, 2, 1). 

6, 7. Calice sections (X 3) (pl. 9, figs. 3, 2). 

8. High calice section (X 3) showing peripheral offsets in various stages of development (pl. 9, fig. 1). 

9-12. Enlargements of offsets shown in figure 8 (X 10): 9. stage 2; 10. stage 2-3; 11. stage 3; 12. stage 4. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 430 PLATE 11 

9 12 

KODONOPHYLLUlvi CORYMBOSUM N. SP. 
PLA'T'E 12 

FIGURES 1-6. Kodonophyllum ({Orymbosum n. sp., USNM 139460 (p. 23). Enlargements of offsets. 

1. Initiation of offsets (stage 1) in corallite 7 (X 10) (pl. 9, fig. 1). 

~' 3. Stage 2 and 2-3 offsets in corallite 8 (X 10) (pl. 9, fig. 1). 

4. Initiation of offset (stage 1) in corallite 13 (X 10) (pl. 10, fig. 5). 

5, 6. Stage 3 offsets in corallite 13 (-X 20) (pl. 10, fig. 4). The offset in figure 6 may be a later stage of that shown 

in figure 4. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 430 PLATE 12 

6 

KODONOPHYLLUM CORYMBOSUM N. SP. 
FIGURES 1-8. Kodonophyllum corymbosum n. sp. (p. 23). 

1-6. USNM 139460. Corallite 14. 

PLATE 13 

1-3. Serial sections showing development of offsets (X 5). 1. Beneath the calice (pl. 10, fig. 3); 2. Calice 

section with stage 2 offsets (pl. 10, fig. 2); 3. More advanced stage (2-3) of same offsets (pl. 10, fig. 1). 

4-6. Enlargements of offsets. 4. Part of figure 2 (X 10); 5. Same (X 20); 6. Part of figure 3 (X 10). 

7, 8. USNM 139461. Longitudinal and transverse thin sections of small corallite from another locality (X 5). 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 430 PLATE l;-! 

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KODONOPHYLLUM CORYMBOSUM N. SP. 
PLATE 14 

[All figures X 5] 

FIGURES 1-5. Spongophylloides sp. (p. 28). 

1, 2. USNM .139465, transverse and longitudinal thin sections. 

3-5. USNM :139466, 3, longitudinal thin section; 4, 5. ephebic and neanic transverse thin sections taken above 

and below the longitudinal section. 

6, 7. Phaldactis sp. (p. 27), USNM 139464; longitudinal and transverse thin sections. 

8-12. Briantelasma sp. (p. 27), USNM 139462; longitudinal and serial transverse thin sections; figures 11 and 12 show 

fossula. 
GEOLOGI CAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 430 PLATE 14 

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SPONGOPHYLLOIDES, PHAULACTIS. AND BRIANTELASMA SPP. 

U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1962 0-624649