Table 7
Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation

September 1991

Specific Gamma
Location Depth Act. +20 Activity
(um) (nci/n?) (pci/L)
AL: Montgomery 72.0 | 0.30 0.04} 2!2pp: 7.36.0
AR: Little Rock 76.0 | 0.06 0.03 ND
AZ:Phoenix 8.0 | 0.01 0.00| 214Bi: 19.5-5.2
214pp: 8,945.0
212pp: 7,344.2
CT:Hartford 75.0 | 0.19 0.04] "Be: 51.8422.5
ilmington 120.0 | 0.20 0.05 TMD
jacksonville 214.0 | 0.21 0.08 ND
ami 206.0 | 0.10 0.07] 7!4pp: 10.0:5.6
HI:Honolulu 34.0 | 0.02 0.04 ND
IL: Chicago 65.4 | 0.07 0.02 ND
LA:New Orleans 157.6 | 0.49 0.08| "Be: 39.7425.7
106.0 | 0.19 0.05| "Be: 40.0+24.7
23.4 | 0.04 0.04 ND
M 101.0 | 0.10 0.04 yD
M 93.0 | 0.08 0.03 TMD
N 49.6 | 0.14 0.02] 2!2pp: 9.4471
W 23.0 | 0.05 0.04 ND
ND: Bismarck 52.2 | 0.06 0.02 ND
NH: Concord 152.2 0.33 0.07 ND
NJ: Trenton 82.0 | 0.21 0.04 ND
NM:Santa Fe 64.0 | 0.06 0.02] 2!4pi: 22.5+5.3
214pp; 11.345.2
212pp: 4,944.5
60.6 | 0.15 0.03] "Be: 34.6431.0
34.0 | 0.08 0.02 "D
28.0 | 0.04 0.04 "D
NY: Yaphank 96.0 | 0.14 0.04 §D
OH: Painesville 93.0 0.12 0.03 ND
0H: Toledo 10.0 | 0.01 0.00 ND
OR: Portland 5.6 | 0.01 0.00 ND
PA:Harrisburg 34.0 | 0.13 0.02] 7Be:69.9431.5
RI:Providence 42.0 | 0.05 0.02 wD
SC:Columbia 104.8 | 0.15 0.04 §D
TN:Knoxville 80.0 | 0.18 0.03 XD
TN:Nashville 68.8 | 0.07 0.03 "D
TX: Austin 10.0 | 0.01 0.00 TMD
TX:E1 Paso 69.0 | 0.03 0,03 ND
UT:Salt Lake City 47.0 | 0.44 0.03 ND
VA:Lynchburg 26.2 | 0.19 0.02 ND

12


2. Water Program

The ERAMS water program provides data on ambient radiation levels in the nation’s
rivers, streams, and drinking water supplies.

Surface Water

Quarterly grab samples are taken downstream from operating or future nuclear facilities
at 58 stations. Surface water samples are analyzed for tritium quarterly and specific gamma
activity annually. Tritium is a primary radioactive pollutant from nuclear power plants and
weapons production activities. Tritium concentrations are determined by liquid scintillation
counting of distilled samples. Gamma scans are performed annually to determine levels of
gamma emitting radionuclides.

Table 17 contains the tritium concentration data for July-September 1991.

33


Plutonium and Uranium Analyses

Table 15

Selected Precipitation Composite Samples

January-June 1989

238py 239—240p, 234y 235g 238y

Location pei/L +20 | pCi/L +20 | pCi/L +42¢ | pCi/L +20 | pCi/L +20
CT:Hartford 0.014 0.01410,015 0.011 | 0.030 0.014] 0.004 0.006] 0.013 0.009
MA: Lawrence 0.009 0.028 | 0.006 0.019] 0.050 0.024] 0.004 0.006] 0.015 0.013
ME: Augusta 0.002 0.008 ND 0.057 0.022] 0.009 0.013] 0.014 0.013
NH: Concord 0.010 0.009] 0.000 0.008 | 0.060 0.019] 0.001 0.006 | 0.028 0.013
NJ: Trenton 0.004 0.011 | 0.002 0.013 | 0.046 0.022] 0.002 0.004] 0.022 0.015
NY:Albany ND 0.008 0.014] 0.042 0.024] 0.007 0.008 | 0.005 0.009
NY:New York City | 0.023 0.013 | 0.096 0.026 | 0.024 0.016] 0.003 0.005 | 0.003 0.007
NY: Yaphank 0.036 0.017 ND 0.011 0.008 | 0.007 0.006 | 0.012 0.009
PA:Harrisburg 0.004 0.011 | 0.002 0.004] 0.024 0.013 | 0.000 0.005 | 0.007 0.007
PA:Middletown 0.013 0.015] 0.015 0.016 | 0.012 0.009 | 0.003 0.004] 0.018 0.010
RI:Providence 0.005 0.017 ND 0.029 0.017 | 0.031 0.018 | 0.031 0.018

Note: o = Counting Error. NA = No Analysis. ND = Not Detectable.

29



Table 18 (continued)

Tritium in Drinking Water
July-September 1991

Date

Location Collected | nCi/L +20
NY:New York City 07/03/91 0.2 0.2
NY:Niagara Falls 07/02/91 0.3 0.2
NY:Syracuse 09/26/94 0.2 0.2
OH:Cincinnati 08/19/91 0.4 0.2
OH: Columbus 07/18/91 0.1 0.2
OH:East Liverpool 07/25/91 0.2 0.2
OH: Painesville 07/01/91 0.2 0.2
OH: Toledo 07/02/91 0.2 0.2
OK:Oklahoma City 07/09/91 0.1 0.2
OR:Portland 07/02/91 0.1 0.2
PA:Columbia 07/08/91 0.2 0.2
PA:Harrisburg 07/08/81 0.2 0.2
07/09/91 0.2 0.2

07/09/91 0.2 0.2

PA:Phila.-Queen 07/09/91 0.2 0.2
PA:Pittsburgh 07/25/91 0.4 0.2
PC:Corozal 07/01/91 0.14 0.2
RI:Providence 07/09/91 0.1 0.2
SC:Barnwell 07/11/91 0.2 0.2
SC:Columbia 07/09/91 0.3 0.2
SC:Hartsville 07/02/91 0.1 0.2
SC: Jenkinsville 07/12/91 0.3 0.2
SC:Seneca 07/09/91 0.2 0.2
TN: Chattanooga 07/22/91 0.2 0.2
TN:Knoxville 07/01/91 0.2 0.2
TX: Austin 07/03/91 0.2 0.2
VA:Doswell 07/08/91 0.2 0.2
VA: Virginia Beach 07/01/91 0.1 0.2
WA:Richland 07/10/94 0.2 0.2
WA:Seattle 07/08/91 0.2 0.2
WI:Genoa City 07/02/91 0.2 0.2
WI:Madison 07/08/91 0.1 0.2

Note: o = Counting Error.

38



Table 4
Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates
September 1991

5-Hour Field NAREL Lab
Number Estimate Measurment
Location of Max Min Avg Max Min Avg
Samples (pCi/m?) (pCi/m?)

AL: Montgomery 5 0.4 O12 O14 0.02 0.01 0.01
AR:Little Rock 9 0.6 O.4 0.3 0.02 0.00 0.01
AZ:Phoenix 5 0.9 #0O.3 0.6 0.01 0.01 0.01
CA:Berkeley 7 0.2 0.0 0.14 0.01 0.00 0.01
CA:Los Angeles 8 1.2 0.2 0.5 0.03 0.01 0.02
CO:Denver 8 1.20 0.4 0.7 0.01 0.01 0.01
CT: Hartford 9 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.01 0.00 0.01
DE:Wilmington 9 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.02 0.01 0.014
FL: Jacksonville 8 0.4 0.0 Of 0.02 0.00 0.014
FL:Miami 9 0.14 40.0 0.0 0.01 0.00 0.01
HI:Honolulu 8 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.00 0.00 0.00
Ta:Iowa City 9 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.01 0.01 0.014
ID:Boise 8 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.02 0.01 0.01
ID:Idaho Falls 9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.01 0.00 0.01
IL:Chicago 8 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.04 0.01 0.01
IN: Indianapolis 6 0.7 0.0 0.3 0.01 0.01 0.01
KS: Topeka 10 2.4 0.4 1.2 0.01 0.00 0.04
KY:Frankfort 3 0.4 oO. 0.3 0.01 0.01 0.01
LA:New Orleans 9 0.2 0.0 O.4 0.01 0.00 0.01
MA:Lawrence 7 0.4 0.0 0.4 0.01 0.00 0.01
ME: Augusta 8 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.01 0.00 0.01
MI:Lansing 9 0.6 O.1 0.3 0.01 0.00 0.01
MN: Minneapolis 7 0.4 O.4 0,2 0.02 0.00 0.01
MO: Jefferson City 8 1.2. 0.2 0.4 0.01 0.00 0.01
MS: Jackson 8 0.8 0.2 0.3 0.02 0.01 0.04
NC:Charlotte 5 0.3 0.0 0.4 0.03 0.01 0.02
NC:Wilmington 2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.01 0.01 0.01
ND:Bismarck 8 1.4 0.2 0.7 0.01 0.00 0.014
NE:Lincoin 9 4.8 0.0 1.8 0.03 0.01 0.02
WH: Concord 8 0.2 0.1 0.1 | 0.01 0.00 0.01
NJ: Trenton 9 1.4 0.2 0.6 | 0.01 0.00 0.04
NM:Santa Fe 7 0.6 0.2 0.8 | 0.01 0.00 0.04
NV:Las Vegas 9 0.3 0.1 0.2 | 0.02 0.01 0.04
NY:Albany 4 0.1 0.1 0.1 | 0.01 0.00 0.01
NY:Niagara Falls 8 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.01 0.00 0.04
NY:Syracuse 5 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.02 0.00 0.01
NY: Yaphank 8 0.4 0.1 0.2 | 0.02 0.00 0.01



Table 21 (continued)

Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk

July 1991
Date T37Cg 1408 Bly
Location Collected g/L +20 | pCi/L +420 | pCi/L +20 | pCi/L +20
PA:Philadelphia 07/08/91 1.66 0.13 ND ND ND
PA: Pittsburgh 07/08/91 1.63 0.09 ND ND ND
PC:Cristobal 07/09/91 1.69 0.13 8 3 ND ND
PR:San Juan 07/18/91 1.78 0.17 ND ND wD
SC:Charleston 07/16/94 1.66 0,12 ND ND ND
SD:Rapid City 07/08/94 1.68 0.08 ND ND ND
TN:Chattanooga 07/30/91 1.62 0.06 ND ND ND
TN:Knoxville 07/22/91 1.61 0.14 ND ND ND
TN: Memphis 07/17/91 1.76 0.12 ND ND ND
TX: Austin 07/03/91 1.56 0.09 ND ND ND
TX:Dallas 07/10/91 1.69 0.08 ND ND ND
VT:Burlington 07/22/91 1.62 0.08 ND ND wD
WA:Seattle 07/05/91 1.78 0.12 ND ND ND
WA:Spokane 07/08/91 1.63 0.16 ND ND uD
WV: Charleston 07/09/94 1.58 0.08 ND ND wD
WY:Riverton 07/29/94 1,610.07 ND ND ND

Note: o = Counting Error. ND = Not Detectable.

48



4. Milk Program

Pasteurized Milk

This is a cooperative program with the Dairy and Lipid Products Branch, Milk Sani-
tation Section, Food and Drug Administration. Milk is a reliable indicator of the general
population’s intake of radionuclides since it is consumed fresh by a large segment of the pop-
ulation and can contain several of the biologically important radionuclides that result from
environmental releases from nuclear activities. A primary function of this program is to ob-
tain reliable monitoring data relative to current radionuclide concentrations and determine
any long-term trends.

Monthly samples are collected at 65 sampling sites with one or more located in each
state, Puerto Rico, and the Panama Canal Zone. The samples are composited, according
to production, from the major milk suppliers representing more than 80 percent of the milk
consumed in a given population center.

The samples are analyzed for gamma emitting nuclides, including iodine-131, barium-
140, cesium-137, and potassium. All samples collected in July are analyzed for strontium-90.
Also, for the first month of the three quarters beginning January, April, and October, 10
regional composite samples of milk made up from the states within each of EPA’s 10 regions
are analyzed for strontium-90.

Iodine-131, barium-140, cesium-137, and potassium are determined by gamma spectral
analysis. Strontium-90 is determined by beta counting a total strontium precipitate that has
been chemically separated by ion exchange.

Tables 21-23 contain the concentrations of radionuclides in pasteurized milk for July-
September 1991. Table 24 contains the concentrations of strontium-90 in pasteurized milk
for July 1991.

46


Table 23 (continued)

Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk
September 1991

Date 137¢g 140g, 31y
Location Collected g/L +20 | pCi/L +20 | pCi/L +20 | pCi/L +20

OR:Portland 09/09/91 1.94 0.08 ND ND ND
PA:Philadelphia 09/03/91 1.62 0.08 ND ND ND
PA:Pittsburgh 09/11/91 1.54 0.08 ND ND ND
PC:Cristobal 09/11/91 1.62 0.08 6 2 ND ND
Pl 09/13/91 1.88 0.09 ND ND ND
s 09/17/91 1.60 0.08 ND ND ND
Ss] 09/04/91 1.59 0.09 ND ND ND
7 09/16/91 1.60 0.06 ND ND ND
7 09/09/91 1.55 0.08 ND ND ND
v 09/18/91 1.72 0.09 ND ND ND
v 09/18/91 1.87 0.09 ND ND ND
T 09/05/91 1.55 0.05 ND ND ND
v, 09/26/91 1.78 0.09 ND ND ND
v 09/06/91 1.58 0.08 ND ND uD
WA:Seattle 09/03/91 1.57 0.06 ND ND ND
WA:Spokane 09/04/91 1.49 0.16 ND ND ND
WV: Charleston 09/16/91 1.72 0.09 ND ND sD

09/16/91 1.50 0.10 ND ND ND

Note: ¢ = Counting Error. ND = Not Detectable.

52



Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) is published quarterly (January, April, July, October) by the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Office of Radiation and Indoor Air.

Requests for information concerning publication and distribution of ERD should be directed to:

Charles M. Petko
Office of the Director
National Air and Radiation Environmental Laboratory
1504 Avenue A
Montgomery, Alabama 36115-2601

Requests for information concerning the operation of ERAMS should be directed to:

John G. Griggs, Chief
Monitoring and Analytical Services Branch
National Air and Radiation Environmental Laboratory
1504 Avenue A
Montgomery, Alabama 36115-2601

or to:

Robert S. Dyer, Chief
Environmental Studies and Statistics Branch
Analysis and Support Division (ANR-461)
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Waterside Mall East
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460

2K

‘TUS, GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1993 - 721-098/80229


Table 20 (continued)

Drinking Water
Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Sr-90, and Ra-226 Concentrations

January-December 1990 Composites

Total Gross Gross Specific
Location Solids Beta Alpha 90s 226pa Gamma
| (mg/L) | pCi/L +20 | pCi/L +20 | pCi/L +20 | pCi/L +20 Activity

RI:Providence 60.0 1.5 0.7 ND ND NA uD

SC:Barnwell 30.0 1.5 0.8 0.7 «0.6 ND NA uD

SC:Columbia 70.0 2.0 0.7 0.5 0.6 ND NA ND

SC:Hartsville 30.0 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.4 ND NA ND

SC: Jenkinaville 100.0] 3.4 0.9] 2.5 1.0 ND 0.60 0.02 | 20871: 4,243.5
212pp: 8,846.6
21481: 19.0+6.7
214Pp: 9.8463

SC:Seneca 30.0 0.6 0.7 0.1 0.6 ND NA ND

TN: Chattanooga 100.0 1.6 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.5 NA ND

TN:Knoxville 100.0 1.5 0.7 0.1 0.4 ND NA uD

TX: Austin 400.0 4.5 1.4 0.7 «1.2 0.4 0.4 NA TMD

VA:Doswell 200.0 6.7) 1.4 ND 0.1 0.4 NA uD

VA: Lynchburg 60.0 1.3 0.7 ND ND NA uD

VA:Virginia Beach | 100.0 2.8 0.8 ND 0.3 1.0 NA uD

VI:St. Thomas 50.0 0.5 0.7 0.1 0.6 ND uA uD

WA:Richland 60.0 1.2 0.8 0.3 0.4 ND NA uD

WA:Seattle 30.0 0.9 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.3 NA ND

WI:Genoa City 100.0 2.2 0.7 1.1 0.8 ND NA ND

WI:Madison 200.0 2.6 1.0 2.2 1.2 ND Na ND

Note: ¢ = Counting Error. NA = No Analysis. ND = Not Detectable.

$0.34 0.4 pCi/L 228Ra,

44



Plutonium and Uranium in Airborne Particulates and Precipitation

Environmental radiation levels of plutonium and uranium are determined by the analysis
of semiannually composited samples (air filters) collected from the continuously operating
airborne particulate samplers.

Concentration of the specific isotopes of plutonium-238, -239, and -240 and uranium-
234, -235, and -238 are determined by alpha spectroscopy following chemical separation.
The volume of air represented by the semiannual composite ranges from 60,000 to 250,000
cubic meters.

Plutonium and uranium results are published when they become available.

Tables 9-14 contain the plutonium and uranium results for air samples for the period
January 1988—-December 1990. Tables 15-16 contain the plutonium and uranium in precipi-
tation data for 1989 and 1991. Values are based upon composites of the March, April, and
May samples. Samples from these three months only are analyzed annually because, due
to the spring rains, they usually contain the year’s highest concentrations of plutonium and
uranium.

16


Table 17

Tritium in Surface Water
July-September 1991

Date
Location Source Collected | nCi/L +20
AL: Decatur Tennessee River 07/03/91 0.2 0.2
jordon Chattahoochee River | 07/11/91 0.1 0.2
AL:Scottsboro Tennessee River 07/03/91 0.2 0.2
AR: Little Rock Arkansas River 07/03/91 0.1 0.2
CA:Clay Station Folsom S. Canal 07/17/91 0.2 0.2
CA:Eureka Humboldt Bay 07/11/91 0.1 0.2
CA:San Onofre Pacific Ocean 09/27/91 0.2 0.2
CO:Platteville South Platte River 07/11/94 0.2 0.2
Connecticut River 07/16/94 1.8 0.2
Long Island Sound 07/03/91 0.1 0.2
Gulf of Mexico 07/08/91 0.2 0.2
Atlantic Ocean 07/02/91 0.2 0.2
Biscayne Bay 07/17/94 0.6 0.2
Altamaha River 07/17/91 0.2 0.2
Cedar River 07/09/94 0.2 0.2
Snake River 08/20/91 0.2 0.2
Mississippi River 07/03/94 0.2 0.2
Lake Michigan 07/01/94 0.2 0.2
Neosho River 07/08/91 0.2 0.2
Mississippi River 07/31/94 0.2 0.2
MA:Plymouth Cape Cod Bay 07/02/91 0.2 0.2
MD: Conowingo Susquehanna River 07/02/91 0.2 0.2
MD:Lusby Chesapeake Bay 07/02/94 0.1 0.2
ME: Wiscasset Montseway Bay 07/04/94 0.6 0.2
MI:Bridgman Lake Michigan 07/08/91 0.2 0.2
MI:Monroe Lake Erie 07/03/94 6.3 0.2
MI:South Haven Lake Michigan 07/08/91 0.2 0.2
MN: Monticello Mississippi River 07/01/91 0.2 0.2
MN:Red Wing Mississippi River 07/09/91 0.4 0.2
MS:Port Gibson Mississippi River 07/03/91 0.2 0.2
NC:Charlotte Catawba River 07/02/91 0.6 0.2
Atlantic Ocean 07/18/94 0.2 0.2
Missouri River 07/18/91 0.2 0.2
Delaware River 07/16/94 0.3 0.2
Oyster Creek 07/31/91 0.1 0.2
Colorado River 07/31/91 0.4 0.2
NY:Chelsea Hudson River 07/02/94 0.2 0.2

34



Table

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Tables

ERAMS Reporting Increments and Minimum Detectable Levels

for Radionuclide Analyses

Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates: July 1991

Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates: August 1991

Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates: September 1991

Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation: July 1991

Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation: August 1991

Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation: September 1991

Tritium in Precipitation: July-September 1991

Plutonium and Uranium In Airborne Particulates:

Plutonium and Uranium In Airborne Particulates:

Plutonium and Uranium In Airborne Particulates:

Plutonium and Urenium In Airborne Particulates:

Plutonium and Uranium In Airborne Particulates:

Plutonium and Uranium In Airborne Particulates:

January-June 1988 Composites
July-December 1988 Composites
January-June 1989 Composites
July-December 1989 Composites
January~June 1990 Composites

July-December 1990 Composites

Plutonium and Uranium In Precipitation: January-June 1989 Composites

Plutonium and Uranium In Precipitation: January-June 1991 Composites

Tritium in Surface Water: July-September 1991

‘Tritium in Drinking Water: July-September 1991

Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Sr-90, and Ra-226 Concentrations in Drinking Water:

January—-December 1989 Composites

Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Sr-90, and Ra-226 Concentrations in Drinking Water:

January—December 1990 Composites

Page

10
12
14
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
30
34
37

39

42


Table 14
Plutonium and Uranium In Airborne Particulates

July-December 1990 Composites

H NAWDONHOMANHT AKER WMD OKRAFAMOHHOMNMOMANAN wnnonna
>
SB ( CK ER ADAH HMAMHAHDOnNMAtTNHNOHENDOHAOHOAtH
S SSSSsSSSr-AgerSsyRSsHsAIn*SRnernsgesrr"KHaSGaga
BLAS SSRs nO AAP asAHFaRaAARAanaas Saas
a
Glenn eod tn oOoCHOHANH HHH OHO SOH HH OOHO OOOH AOCOO
P
se VAM OMSCOMMHEMHAARHNONMOHHDHMHAOHTHHHNOMNN HARON W
3 ONHTSCAH NN HOH TOAMNTHTHNONDOH HANH TH HOH A DHONOS
oS
o
Fp a Cadtar tC aAnt HOODOO HKE KATATE HT OHDMKE MAMA WMMWAA
b
Sy SCOAH AN ANMHNHNOONHMHAMtFONYNVTH ARH oN AoKANNM OS
SPA OMAN HHAFTGSONYSAGTEKNAKDAATKDYHSDNSHSHHNANAKHAOS
BI/AFRCSSAAAACHHRHFHARSARARNAPRAAAV ARRAS
o
BEYlondcccoscccsoces sooe eo é So 8 wnoScoSd
lo
g
aoc ANOMNOMMNONAMHANKRAMMAAMAAAH a ao cs) Bal Anda
THBWITASNRNRNHRATNIANERrMesanrBeasaaenrepanrertiartatt
iss oNntooocooocooeoso oooco °o o o o “mooo°o
ie 3
oS
b o mw om NA wt o w yawn oO ast
§ So 8600 oso 3 ry oooo co
J
co
pom) ae mA ON watrAanAAARAAAAH araannxaAnea wunaa i=}
~ : and TT TBBRBBBBBABTBaTBaTNINBeaRTeeee
ty
rf
bad
2 pe
4 2 4 a oa ad ad
ps 3 aq a 64 q a 8 eae
el/S2 5% vet oF BOR HS 28 826 os uo
S)ecueo Be GR Be SagwRs es bi aught & te
ona oS aseee ° vo P Stuer GOO HO Srey
ETO re et eC OEP Eere COCECECCEPSTCLES Lae
EEE EEE EEEEESEEEREEELEREEEEEELELELELS
eee ee ee ee ee ee 2
GeNaaoOnmadnag BurawHezonSS Sz e eS
SENSSSSBRRERSAAHALESEEESLLRASRRELEEEEEEE

27


Table 7 (continued)

Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation
September 1991

Specific Gamma
Location Depth Act. +20 Activity
(mm) (nCi/m?) (pCi/L)
WA: Olympia 80.0 0.27 0.04 ND
WA: Olympia 14.0 0.01 0.00 ND
WI:Madison 83.4 0.06 0.03 ND
WV: Charleston 103.0 0.20 0.04 TBe: 38,1+28.2

Note: ¢ = Counting Error. ND = Not Detectable.

13


Table 10
Plutonium and Uranium In Airborne Particulates

July-December 1988 Composites

ey

+20

2.4
2.8
6.7
1.8

4.1

13.7

21.7

41.1

8.6

23.3

6.3
2.3

34.5

13.6

1.3
3.0
3.1

9.9
17.0

14.7

1.3
3.3

4.2
22.9

4.4

34.7

61.8 10.8
26.5

4.2
4.5

35.3

3.5
2.6
2.2
3.0
2.6
2.2
2.4
2.4
2.3
2.4
2.2
3.4

3.4

27.8

14.5

12.1

19.5

14.4

14.3

17.8

17.7

13.8

16.5

13.7
30.4

23.2

2.0
24
4.0

12.0

12.5

23.9

93.9 19.0

24.3

4.4

2.6

19.9

NA
13.4

1.9

B5y

+20 | aci/n?

0.6
0.4
1.0
0.5

0.8
0.4

3
0.5

1.4 0.9

1.4
0.6

0.8
0.5
0.1

0.8
0.7

0.2
1.2
0.8

0.6

0.5

1.7 0.8

3.4

2.4

0.3 0.7

1.8

1.0

1.4 0.8

0.8

0.6

0.4 0.4

0.3

0.3
0.6
0.4
0.5
0.4

1.0
0.6
0.8
0.3

0.4 0.5
0.6 0.4
1.0 0.6

0.5
0.8
0.3
0.2
0.6

0.6
1.7
0.5
0.3

0.8
2.1

2.4
1.2
0.3

2.0
0.5

0.4

0.7

ay

+20 | aci/m?

3.0
2.9
7.3
1.7
5.3
5.7
2.3

19.4

22.8

47.0

7.2
35.0

37.7

14.0

1.4
3.4
3.9
1.9
3.6
4.9

10.5
20.7

19.8

7.5
26.9

41.0

65.3 11.1
26.0

4.2

4.6

36.7

41

36.0

2.9
2.7
2.9
2.9

16.9

14.3

20.4

17.7

2.4
2.6
2.65
2.9
2.8

15.1

21.1

18.8
19.6

20.5

2.3
3.8

16.0

36.1

3.4
2.4
2.2
4.0

28.3

16.0

13.7

24.4

34
4.5
3.0

210
24.0

23.9

1.9

339-240 py

aci/m?

+2¢ | aci/n®

0.6
0.2

0.4
0.1

ND
ND
0.4

0.3

0.2

O.1

O.1

O.1

22

0.4
0.2
0.3
0.4

0.4
0.4

0.2

0.3

ND

ND
O.t

0.3

0.2 0.3

O.1

0.4

0.2 0.3
0.2
0.2
0.8
O.4

0.4
0.2
0.6
0.2

uD
ND
0.2

0.2

0.4 0.4

0.2

0.3

0.3
0.3

0.4
0.2
1.3

0.8

1.8
0.8

0.3

0.3

BEpy

aci/m3

20

ND
ND
ND

0.3
0.5

0.2
0.3

ND
ND
0.4

0.2

ND
ND
0.3

1.1

ND
ND
0.4
O.4

0.7
°0.2

0.8
0.6

0.4

0.5
0.4

0.7

0.3

O.4

ND

0.4
0.3
0.8
0.4

0.5

0.2

0.3
O.1

0.3
O.1

0.2

0.6

0.2

Location

AL: Montgomery

AR:Little Rock

AZ:Phoenix

CA:Berkeley

CA:Los Angeles

cO:Denver

CT: Hartford

DE:Wilmington
FL: Jacksonville

FL:Miami

HI:Honolulu

IA:Iowa City
ID:Boise

ID:Idaho Falls
IL:Chicago

IN: Indianapolis

KS: Topeka

KY: Frankfort

LA:New Orleans

MA:Lawrence
ME: Augusta

MI:Lansing

MN: Minneapolis

MO: Jefferson City
MS: Jackson

NC:Charlotte

NC: Wilmington
ND:Bismarck

NE:Lincoln
NH:Concord
NJ:Trenton

NM:Santa Fe

NV:Las Vegas
NY:Albany

NY:New York City
NY:Niagara Falls

NY:Syracuse

19


Table 8 (continued)
Tritium in Precipitation
July-September 1991

July 1991 August 1991 | September 1991

Location nci/L 20 nci/L +20 | nCi/L 20
UT:Salt Lake City NS 0.4 0.2 O.1 0.2
VA: Lynchburg 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2
WA: Olympia 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
WI:Madison 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
WV: Charleston 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.2

Note: ¢ = Counting Error. NS = No Sample.

15



Plutonium and Uranium In Airborne Particulates

Table 14 (continued)

July-December 1990 Composites

Be py 239-240 py T34y By 38y

Location aci/m? 420 | aci/m? 420 | aci/m? 20 | aci/m? +20 | aci/n? +20
OH: Columbus ND ND 28.4 4.5 1.8 1.0 23.4 3.9
OH: Painesville ND 0.2 0.3 20.7 3.4 0.6 0.5 17.6 3.0
OH:Ross ND 0.9 0.9 67.0 10.4 2.4 2.0 46.2, 9.0
OH: Toledo ND 0.1 0.5 30.0 5.7 2.7 1.5 29.3 5.5
OK:Oklahoma City 0O.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 30.4 4.8 1.6 0.9 27.0 4.5
OR:Portland ND ND 18.5 4.1 ND 15.8 3.7
PA: Harrisburg 0.4 0.4 ND 11.7 2.2 0.3 0.3 9.2 1.9
PA:Pittsburgh ND 0.1 0.2 22.8 3.7 1.1 0.7 23.4 3.7
RI:Providence 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 16.3 3.4 1.0 0.7 11.3 2.6
SC:Barnwell 0.5 1.0 0.8 0.9 36.6 8.3 2.0 2.1 30.3 7.3
SC:Columbia 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.6 38.5 5.2 1.4 0.8 35.7 4.9
SD:Pierre ND 0.2 0.4 30.8 5.8 2.8 1.7 25.8 5.2
TN:Knoxville 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.4 31.4 5.9 1.9 1.3 21.4. 4.7
TN: Nashville 0.2 0.2 ND 29.8 5.1 3.3 1.4 22.0 4.2
TX: Austin 0.2 0.3 1.0 1.0 34.4 6.9 1.5 1.3 38.5 7.0
TX:El Paso 0.3 1.0 0.6 0.8 47.9 10.1 0.4 0.8 29.7 7.8
UT:Salt Lake City ND 0.8 0.9 50.9 9.4 6.6 2.9 41.1 8.0
VA: Lynchburg ND 0.2 0.2 125 12 4.2 0.9 12.8 1.9
, VA: Virginia Beach ND ND 36.0 5.9 0.8 0.8 31.3 5.4
WA: Olympia ND 0.4 0.2 7.6 1.8 0.6 0.4 4.8 1.6
WA:Spokane 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.7 41.3 7.7 3.1 1.9 43.6 7.8
WI:Madison ND 0.14 0.2 25.6 4.1 0.7 0.6 22.2 3.7
WV:Charleston 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.4 28.7 4.7 2.4 4.1 24.9 4.3

Note: ¢ = Counting Error. NA = No Analysis. ND = Not Detectable.

28



Table 6
Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation

August 1991

Specific Gamma
Location Depth Act. +20 Activity
(mm) (nci/n?) (pei/L)
AL: Montgomery 97.0 | 0.27 0.05 TMD
AR:Little Rock 79.0 | 0.15 0.03| ?!2pp: 7,946.3
CO:Denver 71.4 0.18 0.03 ND
CT:Hartford 111.0 | 0.25 0.05 TMD
DE: Wilmington 134.0 | 0.21 0.06] "Be: 54.8+33.4
FL: Jacksonville 124.2 | 0.06 0.04
FL: Miami 75.6 | 0.09 0.03
ID:Idaho Falls 8.0 | 0.02 0.00
IL: Chicago 43.2 | 0.05 0.02
LA:New Orleans 106.6 | 0.39 0.05 242.3£28.1
ME: Augusta 168.0 | 0.29 0.07| 7!4Pp: 14.445.9
MI:Lansing 124.6 | 0.28 0.05
MN: Minneapolis 80.0 | 0.06 0.03
MO: Jefferson City 8.0 0.01 0.00
MS: Jackson 42.0 0.11 0.02
NC:Charlotte 184.0 | 0.44 0.05
NC: Wilmington 169.0 | 0.62 0.08
ND:Bismarck 11.2 0.03 0.01
NH:Concord 170.6 0.15 0.07
NJ:Trenton 103.8 0.19 0.04
NM:Santa Fe 68.0 | 0.05 0.02
214pp: 17.545.9
NV:Las Vegas 12.0 0.03 0.01 ND
NY: Albany 106.4 | 0.19 0.04 ND
NY: Niagara Falls 48.0 | 0.15 0.02] "Be: 63,2434.7
NY:Syracuse 23.0 0.02 0.01 ND
NY: Yaphank 70.0 | 0.12 0.03] 743i; 13.945.6
OH: Painesville 75.4 | 0.13 0.03 ND
OH: Toledo 51.0 | 0.07 0.02 ND
OR: Portland 18.6 | 0.01 0.00| 7!4Bi: 7.8+6.9
PA:Harrisburg 117.4 0.25 0.05 ND
S¢:Barnwell 639.4 | 0.57 0.25 ND
SC:Columbia 316.6 | 0.40 0.11 | 7!2pp:7.646.9
IN:Knoxville 94.0 | 0.13 0.03] 7)2pp: 6.644.3
TN:Nashville 21.6 | 0.04 0.01 ND
TX:Austin 40.0 | 0.02 0.04 ND
TX:El Paso 44.0 | 0.06 0.02 ND
UT:Salt Lake City 15.6 | 0.01 0.01 | 2!4Bi: 19.045.8
212pp: 6.84.4

10


Table 24 (continued)
Strontium-90 in Pasteurized Milk

July 1991
EPA Collection sr

Location Date pei/L +20
07/08/91 2.1 0.5

07/08/91 1.1 0.6

PC:Cristobal 07/09/91 0.6 0.9
PR:San Juan 07/18/91 0.4 0.4
SC:Charleston 07/16/91 0.9 0.3
SD:Rapid City 07/08/91 1.3 1.2
TN: Chattanooga 07/30/91 2.14 0.6
TN:Knoxville 07/22/91 2.4 0.1
TN: Memphis 07/17/91 2.0 0.0
TX: Austin 07/03/91 0.2 0.0
TX:Dallas 07/10/91 0.6 0.1
VT:Burlington 07/22/91 2.2 0.3
WA:Seattle 07/05/91 0.8 0.2
WA:Spokane 07/08/91 2.5 0.1
WV:Charleston 07/09/91 2.5 0.3
WY:Riverton 07/29/91 0.6 0.3

Note: o = Counting Error. NA = Not Analyzed.

54



Table 2

Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates

July 1991
$-Hour Field NAREL Lab
Number Estimate Measurment
Location of Max Min Avg Max Min Avg
Samples (pci/n?) (pci/m?)

AL: Montgomery 8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.01 0.01 0.01
AR:Little Rock 9 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.01 0.01 0.01
AZ: Phoenix 8 1.2 0.3 0.7 0.02 0.01 0.01
CA:Berkeley 9 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00
CA:Los Angeles 9 0.3 0.0 O14 0.02 0.00 0.01
CO:Denver 8 0.8 0.38 0.4 0.01 0.01 0.01
CT:Hartford 9 0.2 0.0 0.4 0.02 0.01 0.01
DE: Wilmington 9 0.5 0.0 0.3 0.02 0.01 0.01
FL: Jacksonville 9 0.4 0.0 0.14 0.01 0.00 0.01
FL: Miami 9 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.03 0.01 0.01
HI:Honolulu 8 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.00 0.00 0.00
Ta:Iowa City 9 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.02 0.01 0.01
ID:Boise 8 0.6 0.0 0.3 0.01 0.01 0.04
ID: Idaho Falls 9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.01 0.00 0.01
IL: Chicago 8 0.8 0.0 0.3 0.04 0.01 0.02
IN: Indianapolis 8 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.02 0.01 0.04
KS: Topeka 8 3.14 0.6 1.3 0.02 0.01 0.01
KY: Frankfort 4 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.02 0.01 0.04
LA:New Orleans 8 0.2 0.0 0.4 0.01 0.01 0.04
MA: Lawrence 9 0.30 0.0 0.4 0.02 0.00 0.014
ME: Augusta 8 0.6 0.0 0.2 0.02 0.00 0.04
MI:Lansing 9 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.02 0.01 0.01
MN: Minneapolis 7 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.02 0.01 0.04
MO: Jefferson City 9 0.8 0.2 0.5 0.02 0.01 0.01
MS: Jackson 8 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.04 0.01 0.02
NC:Charlotte 4 0.2 0.4 0.14 0.03 0.01 0.02
NC:Wilmington 8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.01 0.00 0.01
ND:Bismarck 8 0.9 0.2 0.6 0.02 0.00 0.014
NE:Lincoln 7 2.2 0.1 0.9 0.03 0.01 0.02
NH: Concord 9 0.6 O.1 0.2 0.02 0.00 0.04
NJ: Trenton 9 1.4 0.3 0.6 0.02 0.01 0.04
NM:Santa Fe T 0.6 O.f 0.3 0.01 0.00 0.04
NV:Las Vegas 9 0.3 O.L 0.2 0.01 0.01 0.04
NY: Albany 5 0.4 0.0 O14 0.01 0.01 0.04°
NY:Niagara Falls 9 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.02 0.00 0.04
NY:Syracuse 3 0.2 0.0 O.4 0.03 0.01 0.02
NY: Yaphank 9 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.02 0.01 0.04



Table 13

Plutonium and Uranium In Airborne Particulates

January-June 1990 Composites

Wepy 239-240 py 4y Boy Bey
Location aci/m> 20 aci/m? +426 | aci/m? +20 | aci/m? +20 | aci/m? i2¢
AL: Montgomery 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.5 14.4 3.0 0.7 0.6 15.0 3.1
AR:Little Rock ND 0.1 0.2 25.3 4.0 1.1 0.8 25.7 3.9
AZ:Phoenix 0.2 0.4 ND 57.5 9.6 1.7) 1.4 41.8 7.9
CA:Berkeley 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4 10.7 2.3 0.3 0.3 6.5 1.7
CA:Los Angeles 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 24.9 4.3 0.7 0.6 20.0 3.8
CO:Denver “ND 0.14 0.2 21.3 3.8 0.2 0.4 18.5 3.5
CT:Hartford ‘ND 0.1 0.3 15.9 3.1 0.4 0.8 13.10 2.7
DE: Wilmington oO.1 0.2 2.3 0.9 11.5 2.3 0.5 0.6 9.4 2.0
FL: Jacksonville 0.t 0.2 0.1 0.2 19.1 3.8 0.3 0.7 14.3 3.2
FL: Miami ND 0.2 0.2 14.9 3.0 0.2 0.3 13.2 2.7
HI:Honolulu 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 5.6 1.5 0.2 0.2 5.1 1.4
TaA:Iowa City ND 1.0 0.8 20.0 4.6 2.6 1.4 16.6 4.0
ID:Boise ND 0.1 0.2 35.1 5.9 3.300 1.5 20.9 4.2
ID:Idaho Falls 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.5 22.7 3.9 1.3 0.8 20.3 3.5
IL: Chicago 0.2 0.3 ND 30.9 6.0 0.4 0.6 28.5 5.7
IN: Indianapolis ND ND 33.4 5.9 1.6 1.1 39.4 6.3
KS: Topeka 0.2 0.3 ND 23.7 8.1 0.2 0.4 21.7 4.8
KY:Frankfort 0.4 0.7 0.3 0.5 18.6 3.8 0.3 0.4 15.6 3.4
LA:New Orleans ND 0.4 0.4 11.4 2.6 0.6 0.6 11.4 2.4
MA:Lawrence ND 0.2 0.4 22.2 3.8 0.1 0.6 16.6 3.2
ME: Augusta 0.4 0.7 0.2 0.4 35.1 6.4 1.2 1.3 28.4 5.6
MI:Lansing ND ND 17.0 3.6 0.9 0.7 14.4 3.1
MN: Minneapolis ND 0.5 0.6 29.4 6.3 1.8 1.4 20.5 5.0
MO: Jefferson ND 0.3 0.3 12.1 2.5 0.7 0.5 14.4 2.7
MS: Jackson ND ND 18.2 4.0 1.0 0.9 12.6 3.2
NC:Charlotte ND 0.4 0.6 32.1 6.3 1.4 1.2 22.2 5.0
NC:Wilmington 0.2 0.8 0.2 0.4 21.6 5.3 1.3 1.6 19.6 4.9
ND: Bismarck o.1 0.4 ND 30.3 5.0 0.5 0.8 28.5 4.7
NE:Lincoln 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.5 20.0 3.2 2.6 1.0 13.6 2.5
NH: Concord O.t 0.2 0.1 0.4 20.0 3.4 1.2 0.7 14.2 2.7
NJ: Trenton ND 0.3 0.3 13.1 2.7 0.5 0.6 8.7 2.1
NV:Las Vegas ND ND 148 21 1.8 1.8 92.4 15.6
NY: Albany ND ND 25.5 6.3 1.4 1.7 31.8 6.9
NY:New York City 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.3 49.5 10.3 2.5 1.6 27.0 5.7
NY:Niagara Falls ND 0.5 0.6 44.2 7.8 2.7 1.7 35.5 6.7
NY:Syracuse MD ND 24.8 6.0 1.2 1.2 19.2 5.1
NY: Yaphank 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.9 17.3 4.2 ND 10.8 3.1

25



Plutonium and Uranium In Airborne Particulates

Table 11 (continued)

January-June 1989 Composites

238 py 239-240 py 234g 235g, 238g

Location aci/m’ 420 | aci/m? 20 | aci/m® +20 | aci/m® +20 | aci/m® +20
NY: Yaphank TMD §D 14.8 2.6] 0.6 0.6] 10.1 2.0
OH: Columbus 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 MA NA MA
OH:Painesville 0.3 0.6 xD 25.4 3.4] 1.0 0.6) 29.1 3.7
OH: Toledo 0.3 0.6 0.1 0.3] 27.7 4.0] 1.2 0.7] 28.0 4.0
OK:Oklahoma City uD xD 31.7 5.5] 0.5 0.6] 21.4 4.3
OR:Portland 0.1 0.2 uD 17.7 3.2] 4.6 0.8] 16.9 3.4
PA:Goldsboro 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.3} 6.0 4.3] 0.4 0.4] 6.1 1.3
PA:Harrisburg ¥D "> 16.6 3.1] 0.1 0.2) 5.9 1.6
PA:Pittsburgh wD 7) 14.7 2.4] 0.8 0.4) 9.5 1.8
PA:Three Mile Island 0.1 0.2 7) 6.2 1.5] 0.2 0.2] 4.6 41.3
RI:Providence ND ND 19.5 3.7 0.8 0.7 18.2 3.6
SC:Barnwell ND 0.2 0.7 14.4 3.0 0.1 0.4 10.3 2.8
SC:Columbia "D 0.2 0.2] 32.9 4.0] 1.0 0.5] 26.8 3.5
SD:Pierre ND "D 27.6 6.2] 1.6 1.2) 17.9 4.0
TN:Knoxville ND 0.4 0.2} 24.7 3.5] 0.2 0.3] 23.1 3.4
TN:Washville uD 0.4 0.3] 24.14 3.8] 0.4 0.4] 25.8 4.0
TX: Austin 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3] 14.0 2.7] 0.7 0.8] 10.0 2.2
TX:El Paso "D 0.4 0.6] 98.6 12.7] 1.3 1.9] 74.0 11.7
UT:Salt Lake City 0.6 0.9 0.5 0.9] 26.8 3.6] 41.1 0.6] 22,8 3.1
VA:Lynchburg 0.1 0.4 TMD 107 it} 2.7 4.1] 138.0 2.5
WA: Olympia 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.4] 9.9 2.3] 1.3 0.8] 6.8 1.9
WA:Spokane ND 0.2 0.3] 18.7 2.9] 0.8 0.6] 16.4 2.7
WI:Madison ND a) 16.9 2.6] 0.8 0.6] 14.6 2.4
WV: Charleston 0.2 0.7 0.4 0.4] 21.1 3.2] 0.4 0.4| 21.0 3.1

Note: ¢ = Counting Error. NA = No Analysis. ND = Not Detectable.

22



Data Reporting Rationale

Frequently, there is little or no radioactivity in environmental media. Thus, the results
of laboratory analyses should show a distribution of negative and positive numbers about
zero. A negative value occurs when a previously determined background value is subtracted
from a sample value that is less than that of the background. From July 1975 to March
1991, ERAMS data were reported as calculated, whether the results were negative, zero, or
positive. In this and future reports, negative results will be denoted as “not detectable,” or
“ND.” For gamma analyses only, results less than the 2c counting error will also be denoted
as “not detectable.”

All data will continue to be stored in the NAREL sample database as generated, and
these values will be available for statistical evaluation. However, caution should be exercised
in the use of the data in this report for statistical analysis, since the removal of negative
numbers produces a positive bias in the distribution of results.

Reported Error Terms

Each reported value for specific analyses will be accompanied by a counting error term
at the 20 (95%) confidence level. Error terms are therefore reported as counting errors.
At the very low levels characteristic of most ERAMS measurements, counting error is
the greatest contributor to overall error.

Significant Figures

No more than three significant figures will be reported. A datum that contains more
than three figures will be rounded off to three figures.

Reporting Levels

The reporting units, smallest increments for reporting, and typical minimum detectable
levels (MDL’s) for each isotope are shown in Table 1. MDL is defined as the 3c error of
the background. Reporting increments are sometimes considerably smaller than MDL’s
to avoid truncation errors in averaging.

Averages
Averages will be calculated along with appropriate error terms in an annual summary
and analysis of ERAMS data. In calculating these averages, all values of individual
data, including negative numbers, will be utilized. Averages will not be included in
ERD quarterly reports.


21

22

23

24

Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk: July 1991
Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk: August 1991
Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk: September 1991

Strontium-90 in Pasteurized Milk: July 1991

viii

47

49

51

53


Table.6 (continued)
Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation
August 1991

Specific Gamma

Location Depth Act. +20 Activity
(am) (nci/n?) (ped/L)
VA: Lynchburg 116.8 0.441 0.06 ND
WA:Olympia 47.2 | 0.06 0.02] 7Be:60.7+35.0
WI:Madigon 64.0 | 0.06 0,02] 2!2pp: 9,244.4

21454; 18.845.7
214py: 12.145.2
WV: Charleston 63.2 | 0.19 0.03} 24pi: 13.645.8
pe: 34.9433.4
212py: 5.044.5

Note: ¢ = Counting Error. ND = Not Detectable.

ll


1. Air Program

Airborne Particulates and Precipitation

Gross beta radioactivity measurements and certain specific analyses are performed on
air particulates and precipitation samples as indicator measurements in assessing the general
(national) impact of all contributing sources on environmental levels of radiation.

Airborne particulates are collected continuously at field stations representing wide ge-
ographic coverage, including present and potential sources of environmental radioactivity.
Sampling sites are located throughout the United States.

Filters (10-cm diameter synthetic fiber) from air samplers are changed twice weekly
and field measurements are made with a G-M survey meter} at 5 hours and 29 hours after
collection to allow for radon and thoron daughter product decay. Field estimates are reported
to appropriate EPA officials by telephone or mail depending on the activity levels found.

The filters are sent to NAREL for more sensitive analyses in a low background beta
counter. Gamma scans are performed on all filters showing gross beta counts greater than
1pCi/m’. The laboratory obtained values are usually lower than the field estimates due to
the decay of naturally occurring radionuclides between the times of the two measurements.

Precipitation samples are collected at those field stations collecting air filters. These
samples are also sent to NAREL where they are composited monthly for gamma scans,
tritium, and gross beta activity measurements. A composite of the March, April, and May
precipitation samples is analyzed for plutonium-238, -239, -240, and uranium-234, -235, and
-238.

A compilation of individual measurements is available from the National Air and Radi-
ation Environmental Laboratory, 1504 Avenue A, Montgomery, AL 36115-2601.

Tables 2-4 contain the data from airborne particulate samples for July-September 1991.
Tables 5-7 contain the data from precipitation samples for July-September 1991. Table 8
contains the data from tritium in precipitation samples for July-September 1991 at the
selected sites.

} The counts at five hours for the Montgomery, Alabama, station are performed on « low background beta counter.

1


Table 9
Plutonium and Uranium In Airborne Particulates

January-June 1988 Composites

glenn eonatagnh aunt uantaneantorwaonan s
Glas ors VAT H GH HHHHOTAKCKTANTANDKI HH HANTN OOW
b
3 OAM MDAMNAHANOHFOTMNHADOTAPNAROMONHTONA TO
Slaeeeeeaagtnayuredsy¥sade eae aen gars srss
BLAAGPRHAAAS PS RAGRIAAAABAAAAAT HAAN AASAMS
cf
LOOM MADABDRRAHTRONWANERODOWOADKR DNDN HOHOAAHM
GilecncccouscccncosondcoddcdenasscacosooosoOndad
Pp
IB MBOANBAHANHTOHOYTARKRWKRANAOHANOKRAHTDOAMDAANTSH
R Sl on acddrt ddd ddd SHO H OHSAS HOO COMH AM
3
3
SLOASARMBHADNCOAKNDKATNHHAOMOKTHONDHOENYTOKTN OO +
GLA sada Cuan ar dtr ODANKNDAH KANDI NMI MAN aAwWow
i
Sa Jeneamarvaqugatdancannennartmantanaanacn
Sas cocan FTDAMADRTHANADHAHARHHHHKRKN HDA HDOHOMA|A GD
B[ARSASHARRAB RSRAIRARATARRARH HHA AAAS
3
gle satan etngunenen RYOMMt HW MAARAK YAO
EGQ|o dcococcccsccocaccccc0 eccocoosccocoooocosoon]d
Se [RAantnanaAdtadaAnentAgaNtaatNanaan nn sh
Ip S$[oTMecedcdddceoddcdosd5 eccoccoococooseoGoSsS
a &
3
8 NAwK Ae 2 FTNROCANHHTNOOHTAM Tow!
4 socoods S SSSGHOSSHHOHOSSS AHA
co
ia AaAAAMHAaONBAA CATHONOAHONDMONDONACOR
Ra TIBBBBBIIIIONBBBBEVALT ANTENNA BSS
Ss Odds o*SconoSoANGSCOOHO ABH
3
3
i ba
© e a Ba
o a aod ry ad ad
ps G ad aod g a 8 &3
Pe ok eee cae 2.2 tose udhalas a x"
°
Ea ee) Ree s4n foe SAS swaeg his quae wh He
aAlSeondgHOnS BBG SESE Hee ARES So A ec
EB) Sagstcudeagayges EUSsenessandegess ae
S/eesHxTeeax Edt egegeuas REREAH SHR ESSER o
S| eR Steg Gen Pea end adse ee aay Beas eeae
s|saeas HeaeoSOOUa hog AOS ant HASKHEa EHO
S/2GhaG AR SSES Aan Sdn nears bea aenawaae
re] A200 GOAN ABB Ke Mea oASS SEEREE
SENSSSEBRRSHAARHALZEASESRLLSLSLASREREREEEE

17


United States Office of Radiation Programs EPA-400-R-93-019

Environmental Protection National Air and Radiation May 1993
Agency Environmental Laboratory

Montgomery, AL 36115-2601
Radiation

SEPA Environmental
Radiation Data
Report 67

July-September 1991

(>)

OXY, Recycled/Recyclable
Printed on paper that contains
<7 atleast 50% recycled fiber


Table 19 (continued)

Drinking Water
Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Sr-90, and Ra-226 Concentrations

January—December 1989 Composites

Total Gross Gross Specific
Location Solids Beta Alpha 90s, 226Ra Gamma
(mg/L) | pCi/L +20 | pCi/L +20 | pCi/L +20 | pci/L +20 Activity
MS:Port Gibson 400.0 4.9 1.7 2.0 2.6 ND Na ND
MT: Helena 200.0 3.6 1.2 1.7 1.6 0.0 0.2 0.8 Of ND
NC: Charlotte 60.0 2.2 0.8 0.1 0.7 0.4 0.4 NA ND
NC:Wilmington 90.0 3.1 1.0 0.6 0.7] 0.14 0.04 Na ND
ND: Bismarck 300.0 4.1 1.2 ND 0.1 0.2 Ma ND
NE:Lincoln 300.0; 11.4 1.9 5.4 2.6 0.0 0.4] 0.17 0.01 ND’
NH: Concord 80.0] 1.5 0.8 ND 0.4 0.8 NA co: 11.0483
NJ:Trenton 90.0 1.5 0.9 ND ND NA ND
NJ:Waretown 50.0 2.0 0.9 1.2 0.8 0.4 O.4 NA uD
NM:Santa Fe 90.0 6.8 1.1 8.1 1.6 ND 0.145 0.01 ND
NV:Las Vegas 500.0 6.2 2.3 4.6 3.2 0.0 0.4] 0.144 0.04 ND
NY: Albany 80.0 1.8 0.9 0.4 0.7 0.0 0.1 NA ND
NY:New York City 40.0 1.2 0.8 0.4 0.6 ND NA yD
NY:Niagara Falls 100.0 1.7 0.9 1.2 1.6 0.6 0.8 NA ND
NY:Syracuse 100.0 1.8 0.9 0.4 0.9 0.3 O.2 NA ND
OH:Cincinnati 200.0 0.1 (0.3 0.1 0.8 0.0 O.1 NA ND
OH: Columbus 200.0 4.4 1,2 0.4 4.4 0.6 0.2 NA xD
OH:East Liverpool | 200.0 4.4 1.3 2.3 1.2 0.2 0.9] 0.07 0.04 ND
OH: Painesville 100.0 2.6 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.4 0.3 NA ND
OH: Toledo 100.0 1.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.3 NA ND
OK:Oklahoma City 60.0 3.0 0.8 ND 0.1 Of NA ND
OR: Portland 20.0 0.9 0.6 yD 0.17 0.03 NA wD
PA:Columbia 100.0 2.8 0.7 uD 0.0 0.3 Na ND
PA:Harrisburg 40.0 1.10 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.3 O14 Na ND
200.0 3.6 1.0 0.2 0.6 0.14 0.2 NA ND
200.0 2.1 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.4 0.2 NA yD
PC:Ancon 70.0 0.8 0.6 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.2 Na ND
RI: Providence 60.0 1.6 0.7 0.0 0.6 0.4 0.6 Na ND
30.0 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.2 O42 Na uD
80.0 2.3 0.9 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.2 NA ND
30.0 1.3 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.3 Na ND
200.0 6.3 1.1 2.7) 1.2 ND 0.85 0,03 wD
30.0 1.3 0.8 0.4 (0.65 ND NA ND
TN: Chattanooga 90.0 2.0 0.8 0.1 0.6 ND NA yD
TN: Knoxville 200.0 2.3 0.9 0.4 0.8 ND NA wD

40



Table 3
Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates

August 1991

bo a -e---------e- --
4 eesesesesseeeeese2 greg e£ 22 2222222222222
ag nAl|eecocoosceoc ceo oo Coo oOo oO OC oO CoC OBO COO oC OD OOOO
gS 3
a 5
SxnteontxonotnoONnHn oH OHNO SCoOMH HNO OoOMHOHONHAHND
aids SSOSSHSTSTSSOSSSSOSSSSSOSOSSSSOSSESSSSSESSSSSSSOS
in
2 &
Be
AAA HAFAN NASCMATAAMAAACATANMYMRAAMANATANHAIYA
3 SSSSSSESSSSSSSESSSESSSSESSSSSESSSSESSSSS
SececoeoocCoO ooo Oooo oOo ooo OOo OBO OO OOOO SCO OC GO
» ANH AOKDHAMHOHAAMOMHTHOHHHAAMMODHHOANVARYTA AMAA
3 4 SScoSooSFCOCOSD COO oO NOOO OOO COCO O HOC OO SC COCO
eo A
ae
ead ONHSCHOHHTOHOHOCOCHOMOOHHAHHNDOONOHAANHON NOS
HPEgl|ocococccoc coco eosc oe esc oo sS oe ooo ooo ooo oOsGCoC SG
Sma
ge
ab 4 ARONMOHHM HAHAH HON HORAMHARNE STAUNCH HTM HOMAO HO
= SSHONHOSCSOSO OOOOH HOO SOOO OH OOSGHNGHOOOOOS
o
s.4
”
gc OANAADBAHAYVHANRAAMRAAANDAAAAKRAARDHDDAMADAGKAWnA
= a
& @
@ A 4
ry “A a
a jee 8 > 2d 2 ed e 28 ,
eI 3 po oo a2 & ES oe 8 SM og “o
2 ag" © Kh dz © on ed SAP ee Do
5 Sead S & §SUn 8 4 pik sS geri a
o 0 a 4 4 “Eo oar esege gag
3 22 ox 2 28 qs ] HM Boog s 6
See EERE EEEERETTE EE ECEEEEELELELELE
Bana = me Bm S568 3 adaae
Hadon oa Sead SaSGadg Ceecwc)
293se865 BA AME as SL2LLRRBREREEEE



Table 2 (continued)

Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates

July 1991
5-Hour Field NAREL Lab
Number Estimate Measurment
Location of Max Min Avg Max Min Avg
Samples (pei/n®) (pci/n*)

OH: Columbus 8 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.02 0.01 0.01
OH: Painesville 9 0.8 0.2 0.3 0.02 0.01 0.01
OH: Ross 8 0.0 0,0 0.0 0.03 0,01 0.02
OH:Toledo 8 1.6 0.6 1.1 0.03 0.00 0.04
OK:Oklahoma City 8 0.8 0.2 0.4 0.02 0.01 0.04
OR: Portland 9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.01 0.00 0.00
PA:Harrisburg 9 0.8 O.4 0.4 0.02 0.01 0.01
PA:Pittsburgh 8 0.3 40.3 0.3 0.02 0,01 0.014
RI:Providence 8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.02 0.00 0.014
SC:Barnwell 2 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.01 0.01 0.04
SC:Columbia 8 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.03 0.00 0.01
SD:Pierre 2 0.4 O.8 0.4 0.01 0.01 0.01
TN: Knoxville 9 1.1 0.3 0.6 0.04 0.01 0,02
TN: Nashville 8 1.0 0.1 0.6 0.04 0.02 0.03
TX: Austin 9 0.2 0.2 Of 0.02 0.00 0.01
TX:E1 Paso- 9 0.9 0.2 0.4 0.02 0,00 0,01
UT:Salt Lake City 9 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.01 0,01 0.01
VA: Lynchburg 8 0.9 0.2 0.7 0.01 0.01 0.01
VA: Virginia Beach 4 O.4 Of 0.2 0.02 0.04 0.01
WA:Olympia 9 0.4 O40 0.4 0.00 0.00 0.00
WA: Spokane 9 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.01 0.00 0.01
WI:Madison 9 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.02 0.00 0.04
WV:Charleston 9 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.02 0.01 0.01

Minimum Detectable Limit for field estimates - 0.1 pCi/m’.

Minimum Detectable Limit for laboratory measurement - 0.01 pCi/m’.



Table 24
Strontium-90 in Pasteurized Milk

July 1991
EPA Collection 90s,

Location Date pci/L +20
AL: Montgomery 07/05/91 1.4 0.4
AR:Little Rock 07/10/91 2.2 2.6
AZ:Phoenix 07/11/91 0.1 0.7
CA:Los Angeles 07/16/91 0.8 0.2
CA:Sacramento 07/01/91 1.6 0.5
CA:San Francisco 07/08/91 0.7 «0.3
DE:Dover 07/25/91 2.0 0.2
FL: Tampa 07/01/91 1.4 0.2
GA: Atlanta 07/15/91 0.6 0.4
HI:Honolulu 07/18/91 0.7 4.4
TA:Des Moines 07/08/91 1.9 0.2
ID: Idaho Falls 07/14/91 1.2 0.4
IL:Chicago 07/10/91 1.3 0.1
IN: Indianapolis 07/09/91 1.8 0.0
KS:Wichita 07/22/91 1.9 0.4
KY:Louisville 07/01/91 1.5 0.7
LA:New Orleans 07/31/91 2.7 0.1
MA:Boston 07/09/91 0.9 O.1
MD: Baltimore 07/12/91 1.2 0.6
ME:Portland 07/02/91 1.5 0.6
MI:Detroit 07/11/91 2.0 1.0
MI:Grand Rapids 07/10/94 2.30 1.2
MN:St. Paul 07/03/91 2.1 0.3
MO:St. Louis 07/03/91 2.0 0.8
MS: Jackson 07/08/91 1.5 1.1
MT:Helena 07/26/91 2.2 1.0
NC:Charlotte 07/25/94 1.6 0.5
ND:Minot 07/31/91 2.6 0.2
NE: Omaha 07/29/91 1.9 0.2
NJ:Trenton 07/03/91 2.2 0.9
NM: Albuquerque 07/10/91 0.2 0.5
NV:Las Vegas 07/17/91 0.0 0.7
NY:Buffalo 07/22/91 3.0 0.3
NY:New York City 07/01/91 1.9 O.1
NY:Syracuse 07/08/91 1.5 0.4
OH:Cleveland 07/16/91 2.4 0.5
OR:Portland 07/02/91 1.0 1.5

53



Drinking Water

This program monitors ambient radiation levels in drinking water at 78 sites. These data
serve to assess trends and anomalies in concentrations, and to compare with standards set
forth in the EPA National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations.” These regulations
provide for approval of supplies when the combined radium-226 and radium-228 levels do not
exceed 5 pCi/L, when the gross alpha (excluding radon and uranium) levels do not exceed
15 pCi/L, when tritium levels do not exceed 20,000 pCi/L, when the strontium-90 levels do
not exceed 8 pCi/L, and when the gross beta levels do not exceed 50 pCi/L.

Grab samples are taken at the 78 sites which are either major population centers or
selected nuclear facility environs.

The analyses include (a) tritium on a quarterly basis; (b) gross alpha, gross beta,
strontium-90, and gamma on annual composites; (c) radium-226 if the gross alpha exceeds
2 pCi/L and radium-228 if the radium-226 falls between 3 and 5 pCi/L; (d) specific iodine-
131 on one quarterly sample per year for each station; and (e) an annual composite for
plutonium-238, -239, and -240 and uranium-234, -235, and -238 for stations that demon-
strate gross alpha levels greater than 2 pCi/L.

Tritium analyses are performed by scintillation counting of the distilled samples. Gross
beta and alpha are determined by evaporating an aliquot on a stainless steel planchet for
counting. Radium-226 is determined by the standard emanation technique. Strontium-90 is
determined by beta counting a strontium carbonate precipitate isolated by ion exchange.

Table 18 contains the data from drinking water samples for July-September 1991. Tables
19-20 contain the data on gross alpha, gross beta, strontium-90, and radium-226 in drinking
water for 1989 and 1990.

36


Plutonium and Uranium In Airborne Particulates

Table 12 (continued)

July-December 1989 Composites

238 py 239-240 py Bay By Bey

Location aci/n? 20 aCi/m? 420 | aci/m? 420 | aci/m? +20 | aci/m? 20
OH: Columbus 0.2 0.3 ND 54.9 9.2 6.5 2.4 29.7 6.2
OH: Painesville 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 18.7 3.9 0.4 0.8 13.1 3.1
OH: Toledo ND 0.3 (0.3 30.6 4.7 0.6 0.7 26.1 4.2
OK: Oklahoma City ND ND 25.9 4.3 0.2 0.3 21.9 3.8
OR:Portland ND 0.2 0.4 94.3 12.4 2.0 1.2 18.8 4.0
PA:Goldsboro ND ND 29.3 7.4 1.6 1.6 26.4 7.0
PA:Harrisburg 2.0 2.6 ND 32.5 7.5 ND 22.6 7.7
PA:Philadelphia 0.2 0.5 ND 16.2 3.2 0.4 0.4 11.8 2.7
PA:Pittsburgh ND 0.4 0.7 49.4 8.4 1.4 1.3 45.1 8.0
PA:Three Mile Island ND ND 27.1 6.2 2.1 1.8 17.9 5.0
RI:Providence NA 4.3 1.0 O.t Of 2.39 0.8 uD
SC:Barnwell ND 1.2 1.7 76.0 14.2 4.3 3.0 61.5 11.3
SC:Columbia ND 0.2 0.2 32.7 5.1 0.7 0.6 26.6 4.5
SD:Pierre NA NA 64.5 19.5 2.6 6.3 20.6 10.5
TN:Knoxville ND ND 27.20 4.4 0.4 0.6 24.8 4.1
TN:Nashville 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.3 27.3 3.9 0.6 0.5 23.6 3.6
TX: Austin ND ND 16.1 2.9 0.4 0.4 10.3 2.2
TX:El Paso 0.5 0.8 0.3 «0.5 78.9 12.9 4.1 2.4 69.1 11.8
UT:Salt Lake City ND 0.2 0.3 40.2 6.1 1.0 0.8 37.8 5.6
VA: Lynchburg ND 0.4 0.4 156 14 3.6 1.0 9.9 1.8
WA:Olympia ND 0.1 0.6 9.0 2.5 ND 6.6 2.1
WA:Spokane 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.3 21.0 3.9 0.5 0.7 18.9 3.6
WI:Madison 0.1 0.1 0.14 0.2 13.0 2.14 0.2 0.2 9.6 1.8
WV: Charleston ND ND 28.0 4.0 0.7 «0.5 22.2 3.5
WY: Cheyenne ND ND 12.3 2.6 0.4 0.4 11.3 2.4

Note: o = Counting Error. NA = No Analysis. ND = Not Detectable.

24



January—December 1989 Composites

Table 19 (continued)

Drinking Water
Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Sr-90, and Ra-226 Concentrations

Total Gross Gross Specific
Location Solids Beta Alpha sy 2226p Gamma

(mg/L) | pCi/L +20 | pCi/L +20 | pCi/L +20 | pCi/L +20 | Activity
TX: Austin 300.0 3.6 1.0 ND ND NA ND
VA:Doswell 200.0 6.2 0.9 1.2 1.0 ND NA ND
VA:Lynchburg 50.0 0.8 0.7 0.3 «0.5 0.0 0.2 NA ND
VA:Virginia Beach 90.0 2.6 0.8 0.1 0.6 0.4 0.2 NA ND
VI:St. Thomas 50.0] 1.0 0.7 ND 0.0 0.2 NA ND
WA:Richland 60.0 1.6 0.7 0.1 0.4 ND NA ND
WA:Seattle 30.6 0.3 0.6 ND ND NA ND
WI:Genoa City 100.0 2.4 0.7 1.8 0.9 ND 0.49 0.02 ND
WI:Madison 200.0 3. 0. 4.1 1.3 ND 0.51 0.02 ND

Note: ¢ = Counting Error. NA = No Analysis. ND = Not Detectable.
+ 2.5+0.6 pCi/L 2?8Ra,
$2.74 0.6 pCi/L 228Ra,

41



20
2.8
4.1
9.6
2.3
4.0
6.3
1.9
2.0
3.1
2.5
2.0
3.9
4.0
4.5
4.2
4.6
5.6
3.1
2.7
0.5
2.4
3.8
3.6
2.
2.
2.4
4.9
3.8
0.6
2.0
4.7

B8y

15.5
23.6
61.8
12.6
28.4
36.5

9.0

9.3
13.6
13.4

7.3
22.0
25.4
26.7
29.5
33.3
36.9
12.9
14.7

1.0
13.6
23.4
18.7
16.5
16.7
10.8
29.4
21.3

2.0

6.3
20.2

onno
aonw
a

Rote

RAQANM

0.4
1.0
1.3
0.3
0.6
0.7

0.7 0.5
0.6
0.6
0.5

0.6
0.5
0.9
0.5
1.2
0.6
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.6
0.8
0.7
0.8
1.0

0.5

238y
af
0.4 0.5

0.3
1.6
1.5
0.3
1.4
1.4 0.8
1.0
0.7
2.6
0.6
1.6
0.9
0.2 0.2
0.6 0.4
1.3
0.4
0.4
0.8
0.7
0.3
0.8
0.4 0.6
1.4

aci/m? 26 | aci/m?
0.9

+20
2.9
4.6
2.4
4.4
6.3
2.3
2.2
3.6
2.8
3.1
4.7
6.2
4.8
4.3
5.4
5.6
3.8
2.8
1.0
2.3
4.3
3.7
2.7
3.0
2.4
5.0
3.6
1.0
2.2
5.9

dy
16.6
27.4
78.8 11.4
12.5
32.4
47.4
11.7
10.8
18.0
16.5
16.4
29.4
38.3
29.0
30.5
38.4
35.6
1.8
15.4
4.2
12.3
26.9
19.6
16.7
19.4
12.9
28.8
19.7
5.0
11.3
29.7

+20 | aci/m?

0.4
0.3
0.6
0.4
0.6
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.6
0.5
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.2
O.t
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.3

735-10 p,,
aci/n>
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.7
O.1
0.2 0.3
0.4
0.1
ND
0.4
0.3
0.7
ND
0.2
O.1
0.3
0.1
ND
0.4
0.2
ND
0.2
O.1
0.3 0.4
0.2 0.2
0.1
oO.
ND

Table 12

0.2
O14
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.5

July-December 1989 Composites
20

aci/n$
ND
0.4
O.4
ND
ND
ND
0.4
0.4
O.1
O.1
ND
O.1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
O.1
0.3

oorn
ance

mmm wt
wooo

‘Plutonium and Uranium In Airborne Particulates

Location
IN: Indianapolis

KS: Topeka
MO: Jefferson City

FL: Jacksonville
MS: Jackson

AL:Montgomery
AR:Little Rock
FL:Miami

AZ;:Phoenix
CA:Los Angeles

CO:Denver
LA: New Orleans

ME: Augusta

MI: Lansing

NC: Wilmington
ND: Bismarck

NE:Lincoln

KY: Frankfort
MN: Minneapolis
NC: Charlotte
NM:Santa Fe

ID:Idaho Fails

IL:Chicago

CA:Berkeley
DE: Wilmington
HI:Honolulu
Ta:Iowa City
ID:Boise

NH:Concord
NJ: Trenton

CT:Hartford

Albany

NY:New York City

NY: Niagara Falls

NY:Syracuse
NY: Yaphank

NV:Las Vegas

NY

3.9
2.4

20.9 4.3 0.6 0.8 18.3
10.9 2.4 1.1.0.7 8.8

23

0.6



Table 1

ERAMS Reporting Increments and Minimum Detectable Levels
for Radionuclide Analyses

Minimum
Radionuclide Media Reporting Reporting Detectable
Units Increments Levels
Gross Alpha Water pCi/L 1 pCi/L 2 pCi/L
¢ Gross Beta Air pCi/m® 0.01 pCi/m? 0.01 pCi/m*
Water pCi/L 1 pCi/L 1 pCi/L
Precipitation nCi/m? 0.01 nCi/m? 0.01 nCi/m?
(specific radiochemical analyses)
‘Tritium Water nCi/L 0.1 nCi/L 0.2 nCi/L
Milk nCi/L 0.1 nCi/L 0.2 nCi/L
Carbon-14 Milk pCi/L 1 pCi/L 15 pCi/L
Krypton-85 Ambient Air pCi/mTM 0.1 pCi/m* 2 pCi/m?
tt Plutonium-238,239,240 ‘Air aCi/m? 0.1 aCi/m3 0,015 pCi
Milk pOi/L 0.001 pCi/L 0.018 pCi
Water pci/L 0.001 pCi/L 0.015 pci
¢ Uranium-234,235,238 Air aCi/m* 0.1 aCi/m? 0.015 pCi
Milk pOi/L 0.001 pCi/L 0.015 pCi
Water pCi/L 0.001 pCi/L 0.015 pCi
Radium-226 Water pci/L 0.1 pCi/L 0.1 pCi/L
Strontium-90 Milk pci/L 0.1 pCi/L 1 pCi/L
Water poi/L 0.1 pCi/L Tpci/L
tt Strontium-89 Milk pCi/L 1 pCi/L 5 pCi/L
tt Todine-131 Milk pCi/L Tpci/L T0 poi/L
Water pCi/L 1 pCi/L 10 pCi/L
Water pci/L 0.1 pCi/L 0.4 pCi/L
Todine-129 Milk £Ci/L 0.1 £Ci/L 0.4 fCi/L
Cesium-137 Milk pCi/L 1 pCi/L 10 pCi/L
Water pCi/L 1 pCi/L 10 pCi/L
tt Barium-140 Milk pCi/L 1 pCi/L 10 pCi/L
Water pCi/L 1 pCi/L 10 pCi/L
Potassium Milk g/L 0.1 g/L 0.12 g/L
‘Water g/L 0.1¢/L 0.12 g/L
Potassium-40 Water pCi/L 1 pCi/L 100 pCi/L

+ The value of MDL for precipitation in terms of nCi/m” would be dependent on precipitation (mm).
tt This value of MDL for air in terms of, pCi/m> would be dependent on the air volume. Measurement by alpha spectroscopy
that includes contributions of plutonium-239 and plutonium-240, MDL for all media given per sample.
} This value of MDL for air in terms of pCi/m®? would be dependent on the air volume. MDL for all media given per sample.
tt Activity as of the day of counting.


Table 8

Tritium in Precipitation

July-September 1991

Location

nci/L

July 1991

20

August 1991

nci/L

Ato

September 1991
to

nci/L

AL: Montgomery
AR:Little Rock
AZ:Phoenix
CO:Denver

CT: Hartford
DE: Wilmington
FL: Jacksonville
FL: Miami
HI:Honolulu
ID:Boise
ID:Idaho Falls
IL:Chicago
LA:New Orleans
ME: Augusta
MI:Lansing

MN: Minneapolis
MO: Jefferson City
MS: Jackson
NC:Charlotte
NC:Wilmington
ND: Bismarck
NH: Concord

NJ: Trenton
WM:Santa Fe
NV:Las Vegas
NY:Albany
NY:Wiagara Falls
NY:Syracuse
NY:Yaphank

OH: Painesville
OH: Toledo
OR:Portland
PA: Harrisburg
RI:Providence
SC:Barnwell
SC:Columbia
TN:Knoxville
TN:Nashville
TX: Austin
TX:El Paso

0.1
Oo.

eooo°o
Pe Pr za
a

mS

NENNEKRNHENNHEBRNNNBNENEE

ecco eo ooo CC OOO CO

eoooo,
VNNHRED

°
se ae
aan

HVENHWHHE

oooccooo

0.2
0.2

eoooo
NVNNNN

esoooceo oc oe KC OOOO
NNNNNNKHNNNNKNNNKNNNN

eoooo
NNNNN

eoooceo
NVNNNNN

oo
mee

eooo°o
$ wee +

BERHOEEWNHNHNYDHENERNNONWHEHENNUGNEENKRUND

eceon ooo CO OD OOOO OCC OO CO

ms
a

eooooo
NENNNO

0.2
0.2

ocooo°o
WNNNN

eoeoopec oD COD OO OOO ODOC OOOO
NNNNNKHNNNNNNHNNNHNNNNHNNNNN

oooooo
NNNNNN

0

oo

ooooo
NNONNN

ecoocoo8

eooo00

ecooooofooo

ocooeco
NNNNN

NNNNYHNN

NVNNNNNNNN

NNN

NNNNNN

14



Table 23

Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk

September 1991

Date K WT eg Tp Ty
Location Collected 20 | pci/L +20 | pCi/L +20 | pCi/L +20
AK: Anchorage 09/30/91 0.09 ND ND ND
AL: Montgomery 09/10/94 0.06 ND ND uD
AR:Little Rock 09/29/91 0.09 ND ND ND
AZ:Phoenix 09/05/91 . 0.12 ND TMD uD
CA:Los Angeles 09/06/91 1.57 0.10 ND uD DD
CA:Sacramento 09/03/91 1.59 0.06 ND ND ND
CA:San Francisco 09/04/91 1.81 0.09 ND ND ND
CT:Hartford 09/09/91 1.61 0.09 ND ND ND
DE:Dover 09/25/91 1.86 0.08 ND ND ND
FL: Tampa 09/05/91 1.63 0.12 ND ND ND
GA: Atlanta 09/09/91 1.76 0.09 uD ND ND
HI:Honolulu 09/24/91 1.91 0.08 ND ND uD
TA:Des Moines 09/04/91 1.57 0.08 ND ND uD
IL:Chicago 09/05/91 1.57 0.08 ND wD ND
KS: Wichita 09/24/91 1.72 0.09 ND ND TMD
KY: Louisville 09/03/91 1.67 0.09 ND ND XD
LA:New Orleans 09/20/91 1.61 0.08 ND ND yD
MA:Boston 09/04/91 1.89 0.09 ND ND yD
MD:Baltimore 09/13/91 1.56 0.11 ND wD wD
NI:Detroit 09/18/91 1.62 0,08 ND ND wD
MI:Grand Rapids 09/03/91 1.71 0.06 ND ND wD
MN:St. Paul 09/06/91 1.54 0.08 uD ND sD
MO:Kansas City 09/17/91 1.66 0.08 ND ND TMD
MO:St. Louis 09/09/91 1.51 0.10 ND ND yD
MS: Jackson 09/06/91 1.84 0.08 ND ND wD
MT:Helena 09/23/91 1.35 0.07 ND ND wD
NC:Charlotte 09/26/91 1.58 0.10 ND ND »D
ND: Minot 09/24/91 1.69 0.09 ND ND wD
NE: Omaha 09/26/91 1.59 0.07 ND ND sD
NJ:Trenton 09/05/91 1.57 0.14 ND ND ND
NM: Albuquerque 09/19/91 1.48 0.10 ND ND wD
NV:Las Vegas 09/25/91 1.62 0.14 ND ND yD
NY:Buffalo 09/17/91 1.94 0.13 ND ND uD
NY:New York City 09/09/91 1.63 0.08 uD wD ND
NY:Syracuse 09/05/91 1.63 0.08 ND uD ND
OH:Cincinnati 09/26/91 1.58 0,08 wD ND aD
OH:Cleveland 09/18/91 1.58 0.08 wD ND uD

51



Plutonium and Uranium Analyses

Table 16 (continued)

Selected Precipitation Composite Samples

January-June 1991

238py 239-240py 234y 2354 238y

Location pCi/L +20 | pCi/L +20 | pCi/L +20 | pCi/L 1206 | pCi/L +20
SC:Columbia wD 0.001 0.003 | 0.065 0.021 | 0.001 0.005 | 0.028 0.013
TN:Knoxville 0.001 0.007 ND 0.068 0.026 | 0.004 0.005] 0.020 0.013
TN: Nashville 0.002 0.003 | 0.001 0.002] 0.074 0.021] 0.010 0.008} 0.015 0.009
TX: Austin 0.001 0.002 ND 0.083 0.027 ND 0.031 0.016
TX:El Paso ND ND 0.183 0.053 | 0.007 0.009] 0.105 0.039
UT:Salt Lake City | 0.001 0.002] 0.003 0.004] 0.048 0.022] 0.007 0.006] 0.043 0.016
VA:Lynchburg 0.001 0.004 ND 0.095 0.025) 0.011 0.008 | 0.026 0.012
WA: Olympia ND 0.003 0.004] 0.099 0.030] 0.002 0.003] 0.029 0.014
WI:Madison 0.002 0.003 ND 0.069 0.024] 0.002 0.004] 0.028 0.015
WV:Charleston ND ND 0.053 0.019 | 0.004 0.005 | 0.018 0.010

Note: o = Counting Error. NA = No Analysis. ND = Not Detectable.

31



Krypton-85

Krypton-85 is a long-lived noble gas with a half-life of 10.8 years. It is released into
the atmosphere by nuclear reactor operations, fuel reprocessing, weapons tests, and research
and defense related activities. Krypton-85 also occurs naturally in minor quantities primarily
from the neutron capture of stable krypton-84 as well as spontaneous fission and neutron-
induced fission of uranium. Krypton-85 in the atmosphere has been monitored to identify
and establish baseline levels and long-term trends.

Krypton-85 analysis began in January 1973 with sample collections and analyses being
performed for 12 sampling locations. These locations were selected to provide atmospheric
coverage of the United States with considerations being given to the proximity to fuel repro-
cessing plants, nuclear reactors, and wide geographic coverage.

Dry compressed air samples, collected at each location, are purchased from commercial
air suppliers and shipped to the NAREL, where the krypton-85 is cryogenically separated
and counted in a liquid scintillation system.

The last Kr-85 results were for 1976, 1977, and 1979. They were published in Environ-
mental Radiation Data: Report 30.

32


Table 21
Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk

July 1991
Date K 13 ¢s Tiga TSy
Location Collected g/L +20 | pCi/L 420 | pCi/L +20 | pCi/L +20
AL:Montgomery 07/05/91 1.50 0.08 uD wD ND
AR:Little Rock 07/10/91 1.56 0.22 ND ND ND
AZ:Phoenix 07/11/91 1.57 0.11 ND ND ND
CA:Los Angeles 07/16/91 1.57 0.13 ND ND ND
CA:Sacramento 07/31/91 1.68 0.11 ND wD ND
CA:San Francisco 07/08/91 1.63 0.09 ND ND ND
DE:Dover 07/25/91 1.65 0.08 ND ND ND
FL: Tampa 07/01/91 1.61 0.08 3 2 ND ND
GA:Atlanta 07/16/91 1.58 0.12 ND ND ND
HI:Honolulu 07/18/91 1.66 0.12 ND ND ND
IA:Des Moines 07/08/91 1.64 0.13 ND ND ND
ID:Idaho Falls 07/14/91 1.67 0.14 ND ND ND
IL: Chicago 07/10/91 1.49 0.08 ND ND wD
IN: Indianapolis 07/09/91 1.64 0.12 ND ND wD
KS: Wichita 07/22/91 1.70 0.414 wD ND ND
KY:Louisville 07/01/91 1.80 0.08 ND ND ND
LA:New Orleans 07/31/91 1.69 0.10 ND ND ND
MA:Boston 07/09/91 1.49 0.18 MD ND ND
MD:Baltimore 07/12/91 1.66 0.12 ND ND ND
ME: Portland 07/02/91 1.79 0.08 ND ND ND
MI:Detroit 07/11/91 1.63 0.13 ND ND uD
MI:Grand Rapids 07/10/91 1.85 0.14 ND ND ND
MN:St. Paul 07/03/91 1.58 0.14 ND ND ND
MO:St. Louis 07/03/91 1.53 0.10 ND uD ND
MS:Jackson 07/08/91 1.60 0.08 ND wD aD
MT: Helena 07/26/91 1.44 0.10 ND ND ND
NC:Charlotte 07/25/91 1.68 0.05 ND ND xD
ND:Minot 07/31/91 1.91 0.08 ND ND 5D
NE:Omaha 07/29/91 1.54 0.08 ND ND ND
NJ: Trenton 07/03/91 1.63 0.09 ND ND ND
NM: Albuquerque 07/10/91 1.43 0.10 TMD ND uD
NV:Las Vegas 07/17/91 1.76 0.14 wD ND XD
NY:Buffalo 07/22/91 1.64 0.13 ND ND yD
NY:New York City 07/01/91 1.63 0.14 ND ND ND
NY:Syracuse 07/08/91 1.67 0.19 ND ND D
OH: Cleveland 07/16/91 1.67 0.08 ND ND ND
OR: Portland 07/02/91 1.68 0.12 ND ND ND

47



Table 10 (continued)

Plutonium and Uranium In Airborne Particulates
July-December 1988 Composites

28py 739-240 py Way 235y 238

Location aci/m? 42¢ | aci/m? +20 | aci/m? +20 | aci/m? +20 | aci/m®? +20
NY: Yaphank ND 0.2 0.2 10.8 1.9 0.3 0.4 7.8 1.6
0H: Columbus 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 33.0 4.4 1.6 0.7 27.3 3.8
OH: Painesville 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.3 17.30 2.3 0.6 0.3 17.3 2.3
OH: Toledo 0.7 0.8 0.1 0.5 27.0 4.3 1.7 0.9 22.4 3.8
OK:Oklahoma City 0.4 0.4 ND 23.5 3.4 1.5 0.9 23.0 3.4
OR: Portland 0.6 0.7 0.2 0.7 20.9 3.6 0.9 0.7 18.3 3.3
PA:Goldsboro 0.4 0.3 1.10 0.4 15.0 2.2 0.2 0.3 10.0 1.8
PA:Harrisburg 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.2 14.9 2.4 0.8 0.6 15.4 2.3
PA:Pittsburgh ND 0.2 0.2 27.0 3.0 1.6 0.8 22.0 2.7
PA:Three Mile Island 0.3 0.7 0.2 0.3 19.5 3.6 1.6 1.0 16.6 3.3
RI:Providence . 1.5 1.6 ND 27.2 4.4 0.6 0.6 19.0 3.6
SC:Barnwell 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.8 39.9 10.7 3.8 2.9 30.7 8.4
SC:Columbia ND uD 30.0 3.6 1.0 0.6 27.6 3.4
SD:Pierre TMD 0.9 0.7 28.0 3.0 0.6 0.5 19.3 2.5
TN:Knoxville ND ND 34.8 5.2 1.0 0.8 25.0 4.2
TN:Nashville ND 0.1 0.2 23.9 3.7 1.3 0.9 23.4 3.7
TX: Austin 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 18.4 2.9 0.8 0.6 15.2 2.6
TX:E1 Paso ND 0.3 1.0 61.3 10.8 2.1 1.7 45.3 8.8
UT:Salt Lake City 0.1 0.4 0.9 0.6 21.7 3.6 1.3 0.8 18.1 3.2
VA: Lynchburg 0.2 0.3 ND 56.7 4.7 1.8 0.8 12.8 2.2
WA:Olympia ND 0.2 0.3 10.140 2.1 0.1 0.4 6.3 1.6
WA:Spokane ND 0.4 0.8 25.1 5.1 1.5 1.1 30.3 5.7
WI:Madison ND 0.2 0.3 21.8 3.6 0.6 0.5 18.3 3.0
WV: Charleston ND 0.3 0.3 50.6 6.2 1.7 1.0 40.3 4.6
WY: Cheyenne ND 0.4 0. 34.5 4.6 1.2 0.8 32.7 4.4

Note: ¢ = Counting Error. NA = No Analysis. ND = Not Detectable.

20



Table 22 (continued)

Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk

August 1991
Date 17s 15a TIy
Location Collected g/L +20 | pCi/L +20 | pCi/L +20 | pCi/L +20
OR: Portland 08/14/91 1.62 0.08 wD ND ND
PA:Philadelphia 08/05/91 1.67 0.08 ND ND uD
PA:Pittsburgh 08/05/91 1.70 0.09 ND ND ND
PC:Cristobal 08/28/91 1.47 0.08 6 2 ND ND
PR:San Juan 08/27/91 1.67 0.09 ND ND yD
SC:Charleston 08/06/91 1.68 0.14 ND ND ND
SD:Rapid City 08/05/91 1.64 0.10 ND uD ND
TN: Chattanooga 08/19/91 1.69 0.09 ND ND ND
TN:Knoxville 08/05/91 1.67 0.12 yD ND ND
TN: Memphis 08/26/91 1.66 0.08 ND ND ND
TX: Austin 08/13/91 1.64 0.12 ND ND ND
TX:Ft. Worth 08/30/91 1.64 0.08 ND ND uD
VA: Norfolk 08/01/91 1.68 0.06 ND ND ND
VT: Montpelier 08/12/91 1.78 0.08 ND ND uD
WA:Seattle 08/07/91 1.64 0.08 wD yD wD
WA:Spokane 08/05/91 1.61 0.08 ND wD ND
WV: Charleston 08/12/91 1.81 0.09 ND ND yD
WY:Riverton 08/15/91 1.65 0.14 ND ND ND

Note: o = Counting Error. ND = Not Detectable.

50



Contents

Data Reporting Rationale
ERAMS Data
1. Air Program
e Airborne Particulates and Precipitation
e Plutonium and Uranium in Airborne Particulates and Precipitation
e Krypton-85
2. Water Program
© Surface Water
e Drinking Water
3. External Gamma Ambient Monitoring Program
4. Milk Program
« Pasteurized Milk
e Strontium-90

e Carbon-14 in Milk

16

32

33

33

36

45

46

46

53

55


Table 19

Drinking Water
Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Sr-90, and Ra-226 Concentrations

January-December 1989 Composites

Total Gross Gross Specific
Location Solids Beta Alpha 90sy 226R5 Gamma
(mg/L) | pCi/L +20 | pCi/L i120 | pCi/L +20 | pCi/L +20 Activity
AK: Fairbanks 100.0] 3.5 0.9] 0.4 0.8] 0.0 0.4 NA ND
AL: Dothan 200.0] 2.0 1.2] O.4 1.4 uD mA uD
AL: Montgomery 70.0| 41.9 0.9] 0.3 1.4] 0.0 0.4 WA 144ce: 65.3458.8
AL: Muscle Shoals 100.0 2.1 0.7 0.2 0.6] 0.20 0.04 Na ND
AL: Scottsboro 100.0] 1.4 0.9] 0.6 0.8] 0.0 0.2 WA ND
AR:Little Rock 30.0 0.9 0.7] 0.3 0.7 TMD WA ND
CA:Berkeley 40.0] 0.3 0.7] 0.2 0.8] 0.057 0.002 NA 214B 4: 51.5241.9
CA:Los Angeles 400.0] 56.2 2.3] 0.6 2.2 ND NA 2143; 42.0441.6
CO:Denver 100.0] 1.8 0.9] 2.6 1.8] 0.0 0.3] 0.10 0.04 ND
CO:Platteville 900.0] 13.3 3.8] 13.4 6.7 TMD 0.27 0,02 ND
CT: Hartford 40.0| 0.8 0.7] 0.2 0.7] 0.2 0.4 NA ND
DC: Washington 100.0] 2.5 1.0 TMD 0.3 0.3 NA "D
DE:Dover 200.0] 3.3 4.0 §D ND WA ND
FL:Miami 200.0] 2.0 0.9] 0.6 0.9] 0.16 0.02 NA )
FL: Tampa 200.0] 2.8 1.4] 0.7 4.3] 0.4 O04 NA 214B4; 44,0441.6
GA:Baxley 200.0] 3.3 1.3] 3.2 1.3/ 0.0 0.3] 1.8 0.4 ND
GA:Savannah 100.0] 1.8 0.8/ 0.6 0.9]/ 0.4 0.3 WA ND
HI:Honolulu 200.0] 2.0 0.9 TMD Ot 14.2 WA wD
TA:Cedar Rapids 100.0] 3.4 0.9] 0.7 0.7] 0.1 0.4 WA uD
ID:Boise 90.0] 4.1 0.8] 41.0 0.6] 0.05 0.05 NA xD
ID:Idaho Falls 300.0] 3.5 1.4] 14.9 4.8] 0.0 0.2 NA ND
tIL: Chicago 300.0] 20.1 2.3] 18.4 3.7 ND 3.8 0.4 oh)
IL:Morris 500.0| 21.1 2.4] 20.6 4.0 ND 7.10 0.4 ch)
KS: Topeka 400.0| 8.6 1.7] 0.7 1.6] 0.0 0.2 MA ch)
LA:New Orleans 100.0] 2.5 0.9] 0.6 0.7 xD MA oP)
MA:Lawrence 90.0] 3.3 0.9] 0.4 0.6] 0.0 0.3 WA uD
MD:Baltimore 90.0] 1.4 0.8] 0.4 0.6] 0.2 0.3 NA wD
MD: Conowingo 200.0] 1.7 0.8] 0.4 0.8] 0.0° 0.4 WA wD
ME: Augusta 30.0| 1.4 0.8 ND 0.0 0.8 NA xD
MI:Detroit 80.0] 2.3 0.9] 0.6 0.6] 0.7 0.6 NA 1D
MI:Grand Rapids 100.0] 2.8 0.9| 0.4 0:8] 0.4 0.3 WA uD
MN: Minneapolis 80.0] 4.7 0.9] 0.2 1.0] 0.36 0.04 NA 214B4: 48.2442.0
MN: Red Wing 400.0] 9.2 1.5] 11.8 2.9| 0.02 0.04] 2.5 0.1 TMD
MO:Jefferson City | 300.0/ 5.3 1.1] 0.6 1.0] 0.0 0.2 NA 7)
MS: Jackson 70.0] 2.4 0.9] 0.8 1.4] 0.8 0.2 MA xD

39



Table 18
Tritium in Drinking Water

July-September 1991

Date

Location Collected | nCi/L +20
AK: Fairbanks 07/12/91 0.2 0.2
AL:Dothan 07/11/91 0.3 0.2
AL: Montgomery 07/02/91 0.2 0.2
AL:Muscle Shoals 07/02/91 0.2 0.2
AL:Scottsboro 07/03/91 0.2 0.2
AR:Little Rock 07/03/91 0.2 0.2
CA:Berkeley 07/09/91 0.3 0.2
CA:Los Angeles 07/02/94 0.2 0.2
CO:Denver 07/10/91 0.2 0.2
CO:Platteville 07/11/91 0.2 0.2
CT: Hartford 07/01/91 0.1 0.2
FL: Miami 07/03/91 0.2 0.2
FL: Tampa 07/05/91 0.1 0.2
GA:Baxley 07/17/91 0.2 0.2
HI:Honolulu 07/12/94 0.1 0.2
TA:Cedar Rapids 07/09/91 0.1 0.2
ID:Boise 07/02/91 0.1 0.2
ID:Idaho Falls 07/05/91 0.3 0.2
IL: Chicago 07/01/91 0.1 0.2
IL:Morris 07/29/91 0.2 0.2
KS: Topeka 07/01/91 0.1 0.2
LA:New Orleans 07/08/91 0.1 0.2
MA:Lawrence 07/05/91 0.1 0.2
MD:Baltimore 07/01/91 0.2 0.2
ME: Augusta 07/03/91 0.1 0.2
MI:Detroit 07/01/91 0.2 0.2
MI:Grand Rapids 07/03/91 0.2 0.2
MN: Minneapolis 07/03/91 0.2 0.2
MN:Red Wing 07/09/91 0.1 0.2
MS: Jackson 07/03/91 0.2 0.2
MS:Port Gibson 07/02/91 0.1 0.2
MT:Helena 07/09/91 0.2 0.2
NC:Charlotte 07/02/91 0.3 0.2
NC: Wilmington 07/18/91 0.2 0.2
ND:Bismarck 07/01/91 0.2 0.2
NH: Concord 07/02/91 0.1 0.2
NJ: Trenton 07/15/91 0.1 0.2
NJ:Waretown 07/31/91 0.2 0.2
NM:Santa Fe 07/22/91 0.1 0.2
NV:Las Vegas 07/03/91 0.1 0.2
NY: Albany 07/23/91 0.1 0.2

37



Table 4 (continued)

Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates

September 1991
S-Hour Field NAREL Lab
Number Estimate Measurment
Location of Max Min Avg Max Min Avg
Samples (pei /m3) (pci/m3)

OH:Columbus 4 0.2 O.2 O14 0.01 0.01 0.04
OH: Painesville 8 0.3 O.2 0.2 0.02 0.00 0.014
OH:Ross 8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.05 0.01 0.02
OH: Toledo 6 2.3 0.6 1.2 0.01 0.01 0.01
OK:Oklahoma City 8 0.7 0.0 0.2 0.01 0.01 0.014
OR:Portland 8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.01 0.00 0.01
PA: Harrisburg 9 1.0 0.3 0.4 0.02 0.01 0.04
PA: Pittsburgh 8 0.2 0.0 O.2 0.02 0.00 0.01
RI: Providence 8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.01 0.00 0.01
SC:Barnwell 2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.01 0.00 0.00
8 0.7 0.0 0.3 0.03 0.01 0,02
5 0.4 0.0 0.3 0.01 0.00 0.00
6 1.2 0.3 0.7 0.04 0.01 0.02
TN:Nashville 8 1.1 0.3 0.6 0.04 0.01 0.02
TX: Austin 8 0.2 O.2 O.1 0.01 0.00 0.014
TX:E1 Paso 8 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.02 0.01 0.01
UT:Salt Lake City 9 0.6 O.f 0.3 0.02 0.01 0.04
vi 8 1.9 0.6 1,0 0.02 0.01 0.01
v 3 0.2 O14 O.4 0.01 0.01 0.014
W 9 0.4 O.4 0.2 0.01 0.00 0.00
W 9 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.02 0.01 0.014
WwW 9 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.03 0.00 0.01
WV:Charleston 3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.01 0.01 0.01

Minimum Detectable Limit for field estimates — 0.1 pCi/m?.

Minimum Detectable Limit for laboratory measurement - 0.01 pCi/m>.



Table 22

Radionuclides in Pasteurized Milk
August 1991

Date K 13Tcs Tapa 131y
Location Collected g/L +20 | pCi/L +20 | pCi/L +20 | pCi/L +20
AL:Montgomery 08/09/91 1.57 0.06 ND TMD yD
AR:Little Rock 08/05/91 1.61 0.08 ND ND ND
AZ:Phoenix 08/08/91 1.51 0.16 ND ND ND
CA:Los Angeles 08/06/91 1.61 0.06 ND ND ND
CA:San Francisco 08/08/91 1.66 0.14 ND ND 1D
CO:Denver 08/06/91 1.59 0.06 ND ND ND
CT:Hartford 08/12/91 1.63 0.06 ND wD ND
DE:Dover 08/21/91 1.64 0.12 ND ND ND
FL: Tampa 08/12/91 1.61 0.08 ND ND ND
TA:Des Moines 08/06/91 1.54 0.08 ND ND ND
ID:Idaho Falls 08/26/91 1.53 0.10 ND ND ND
IL: Chicago 08/01/91 1.68 0.08 ND ND ND
IN: Indianapolis 08/08/91 1.58 0.09 ND ND ND
KS:Wichita 08/13/91 1.61 0.12 ND ND ND
KY:Louisville 08/06/91 1.54 0.10 ND ND ND
La:New Orleans 08/12/91 1.64 0.06 ND ND wD
MA:Boston 08/06/91 1.67 0.09 ND ND wD
MD:Baltimore 08/09/91 1.85 0.06 ND ND 5D
ME:Portland 08/05/91 1.69 0.08 ND ND ND
MI:Detroit 08/08/91 1.62 0.08 ND ND ND
MI:Grand Rapids 08/05/91 1.62 0.09 ND ND ND
MN:St. Paul 08/07/91 1.62 0.07 ND ND ND
MO:Kansas City 08/17/91 1.60 0.08 ND ND uD
MO:St. Louis 08/07/91 1.81 0.08 ND ND ND
MS: Jackson 08/06/91 1.67 0,08 ND ND wD
MT: Helena 08/22/91 1.68 0.05 ND ND ND
NC:Charlotte 08/20/91 1.58 0.08 ND ND ND
ND:Minot 08/27/91 1.61 0.12 ND ND uD
NE: Omaha 08/26/91 1.66 0.08 ND ND uD
NJ: Trenton 08/08/91 1.56 0.09 ND ND sD
NM: Albuquerque 08/14/91 1.70 0.14 ND ND ND
NV:Las Vegas 08/29/91 2.13 0.10 ND ND ND
NY:Buffalo 08/05/91 1.76 0.09 ND ND ND
NY:New York City 08/05/91 1.60 0.05 ND ND sD
NY:Syracuse 08/15/91 1.44 0.18 ND ND uD
OH: Cincinnati 08/29/91 1.74 0.08 ND ND ND
OH:Cleveland 08/27/91 1.42 0.10 ND ND ND

49



Carbon-14 in Milk

Nine stations, chosen for wide geographical distribution, contribute milk samples for
annual analysis of carbon-14. These samples are monitored for carbon-14 levels in the food
chain resulting from nuclear testing. The pasteurized milk is freeze-dried and the resulting
powder is pelletized for ease of combustion. Analysis consists of combusting the samples and
converting the released carbon dioxide through a series of chemical conversions to benzene,
which is then assayed for carbon-14 by liquid scintillation.

The samples undergo three main steps in the chemical conversions to benzene prior to
liquid scintillation counting. They include (1) combustion of the sample to carbon dioxide,
(2) conversion of the carbon dioxide to acetylene, and (3) trimerizations of the acetylene
to benzene. The last carbon-14 results were for samples collected during April-May 1982,
1983-1986, and March-May 1987. They were published in Environmental Radiation Data:
Report 54 and Environmental Radiation Data: Report 59.

55


Table 5 (continued)

Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation

July 1991
Specific Gamma
Location Depth Act. +20 Activity
(mm) (nCi/m?) (pCi/L)
214B4; 1038411
NY: Yaphank 63.0 | 0.28 0.03| 2/4pp: 30.5+9.0
OH: Painesville 18.0 | 0.04 0.01] 7!4Bi: 20.67.6
Be: 44.5426.5
214pp; 17,9-+46.3
212pp; 8.05.7
PA:Harrisburg 50.0 | 0.24 0.03} 2!4pp: 48.6411.1
214R4:77.7£14.1
S¢:Barnwell 41.8 | 0.10 0.02] 2/41: 228413
212pp; 6.56.0
214py; 167411
SC:Columbia 184.2 | 0.24 0.07 TMD
TN:Knoxville 42.0 | 0.13 0.02] "Be: 26.0+23.2
TN: Nashville 16.8 | 0.06 0.01] "Be: 54.1433.8
TX:Austin 60.0 | 0.03 0.02} 2/4pa: 187414
214py; 10410
TX:E1 Paso 54.0 | 0.15 0.02] 24pp: 6,845.2
VA: Lynchburg 43.0 | 0.19 0.02 xD
WA:Olympia 7.0 | 0.02 0.00 xD
WI:Madigon 76.0 | 0.08 0.03} 7!2pp: 6.25.5
214B4; 31,.446.6
214pp: 17 045.7
WV: Charleston 38.0 0.13 0.02 ND

Note: o =. Counting Error. ND = Not Detectable.


Preface

Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) is compiled and distributed quarterly by the Of-
fice of Radiation and Indoor Air’s National Air and Radiation Environmental Laboratory
(NAREL) in Montgomery, Alabama, and contains data from the Environmental Radiation
Ambient Monitoring System (ERAMS). Data from similar networks operated by contribut-
ing States, Canada, Mexico, and the Pan American Health Organization are reported in the
ERD when available.

ERAMS was established in 1973 by the United States Environmental Protection Agency.
It is comprised of a nationwide network of sampling stations that provide air, surface and
drinking water, and milk samples from which environmental radiation levels are derived.
The major emphasis for ERAMS is upon identifying trends in the accumulation of long-
lived radionuclides in the environment.

Sampling locations are selected to provide optimal population coverage while functioning
to monitor fallout from nuclear devices and other forms of radioactive contamination of the
environment. The radiation analyses performed on these samples include gross alpha and
gross beta levels, gamma analyses for fission products, and specific analyses for uranium,
plutonium, strontium, iodine, radium, krypton, and tritium. This monitoring effort also
provides ancillary information on natural background levels and on routine and accidental
releases into the environment from stationary sources.

The radiochemical procedures used by NAREL to analyze the ERAMS samples are con-
tained in the Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility Radiochemistry Procedures Manual

(EPA 520/5-84-006). Station operation and sample collection are in accordance with pro-
cedures contained in the ERAMS Manual (EPA 520/5-84-007, 008, 009).


Plutonium and Uranium Analyses

Table 16

Selected Precipitation Composite Samples

January-June 1991

238 py 239-240 py 334 Boy 238y
Location pei/L +2¢ | pCi/L +20 | pCi/L +20 | pCi/L +20 | pCi/L +20
AL: Montgomery ND ND 0.062 0,021 | 0.006 0.006 | 0.029 0.014
xD ND 0.085 0.029] 0,009 0.008 | 0.026 0.014
A uD ND 0.130 0.050] 0,030 0.022] 0.080 0.038
¢. ND 0.006 0.007] 0.169 0.044]0.005 0.007 | 0.043 0,021
Cc ND ND 0.066 0.022{ 0,008 0.007] 0.023 0.041
¢ ND 0.003 0.006 | 0.030 0,026 | 0,002 0.006 | 0.018 0.041
Dl 0.001 0.002] 0.001 0.002] 0.076 0.023 / 0.003 0.004] 0.023 0.011
Fi 0,002 0,003 ND 0.066 0.021 ND 0.003 0.004
FL: Miami uD 0.001 0.002] 0.071 0.026] 0.003 0.004] 0.025 0.012
HI:Honolulu ND ND 0.080 0.041 ND 0.053 0.030
ND ND 0.071 0.028 | 0,002 0.004] 0.041 0.019
0.001 0.006 ND 0.071 0.023 | 0.007 0.007 | 0.029 0.016
ND ND 0.072 0.021] 0.013 0.008 | 0.023 0.012
ND 0.001 0.002 | 0.032 0.015) 0.003 0.004] 0.021 0.013
ND 0.002 0.004] 0.106 0.038) 0.006 0.0089 | 0.057 0.029
ND 0.002 0.005 | 0.021 0.014) 0.011 0.010 | 0.008 0.011
0.001 0.004 ND 0.081 0.023] 0.001 0.003 | 0.021 0.012
0.001 0,003 ND 0.085 0.031 ND 0.008 0.017
ND 0.001 0.002] 0.088 0.024) 0.006 0.006 | 0.025 0.012
ND 0.002 0.003 | 0.036 0.016|0.007 0.008] 0.015 0.009
ND ND 0.071 0.023) 0.004 0.005 | 0.023 0.014
0.001 0.002] 0.001 0,002] 0.042 0.020] 0.007 0.007] 0.020 0.041
NH:Concord 0.002 0.003] 0.003 0.004] 0.086 0.025 uD 0.030 0.014
NJ: Trenton 0.003 0.003 ND 0.079 0.025 | 0.003 0.005] 0.012 0.009
NM:Santa Fe 0.002 0.005 | 0.002 0.005 | 0.156 0.049} 0.006 0.009] 0.028 0.022
NV:Las Vegas ND ND 0.113 0,028 | 0.005 0.011 | 0.044 0.023
NY: Albany ND ND 0.068 0.021] 0.002 0.003 | 0.027 0.013
NY:New York City ND ND 0.086 0.026 | 0.002 0.004] 0.047 0.019
jiagara Falls ND 0.002 0.003 | 0.055 0.020] 0.015 0.041] 0.017 0.041
NY:Syracuse ND ND 0.096 0.036 ND 0.038 0.021
NY: Yaphank 9.003 0.004 ND 0.077 0.026} 0.002 0.0041 0.018 0.012
OH: Painesville 0.002 0.005 | 0.001 0.002] 0.044 0.023] 0.003 0.009] 0.003 0.009
OH: Toledo ND ND 0.0890 0,028] 0.004 0.008] 0.016 0.011
OR: Portland ND ND 0.055 0.021] 0.008 0.008] 0.030 0.017
PA:Harrisburg 0.001 0.002 ND 0,063 0.020] 0,001 0.003} 0.024 0.012
RI:Providence ND wD 0.112 0.029 ND 0.025 0.013
SC:Barnwell ND ND 0.074 0.026 | 0.022 0.013 [ 0.018 0.041

30



Plutonium and Uranium In Airborne Particulates

Table 9 (continued)

January-June 1988 Composites

Bop 239-240 py 234 ey Bey

Location aci/m’ 42¢ | aci/m? +20 | aci/m? +20 | aci/m? +20 | aci/n? +420
NY:Syracuse 1.8 1.0 0.3 0.6 35.2 6.4 3.0 1.4 29.4 4.8
NY: Yaphank ND 1.0 0.6 12.8 2.2 0.6 0.4 14.1 2.3
OH: Columbus 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.7 36.4 5.8 1.3 0.8 33.0 5.4
OH: Painesville ND ND 26.8 4.6 1.7 0.9 19.1 3.5
OH: Toledo ND 0.4 0.5 25.5 3.6 1.56 0.7 27.1 3.7
OK:Oklahoma City 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 20.1 3.4 0.8 0.6 20.3 3.5
OR:Portland 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.4 15.7 2.4 0.6 0.5 16.3 2.4
PA:Goldsboro 0.9 0.5 0.3 0.3 20.0 3.0 0.8 0.5 18.3 2.8
PA:Harrisburg 0.2 0.6 0.2 0.3 20.8 2.5 1.1 0.6 21.0 2.6
PA:Philadelphia 3.0 1.3 ND 26.7 4.1 0.7 0.7 27.0 4.2
PA:Pittsburgh 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.4 25.3 2.7 0.5 0.4 25.9 2.8
PA:Three Mile Island 1.0 0.9 0.6 0.4 21.5 3.2 0.8 0.6 17.7 2.8
RI: Providence 1.4 1.0 TMD 30.8 6.1 ND 28.2 6.7
SC:Barnwell 3.0 2.0 1.1 0.9 26.6 4.3 0.8 0.7 22.0 3.8
SC:Columbia 1.1 1.4 2.4 1.1 55.0 7.0 1.2 0.7 51.0 6.6
SD:Pierre 1.4 1.4 0.9 0.6 26.4 4.0 2.0 1.0 22.5 3.6
TN: Knoxville ND 0.1 0.4 18.0 3.1 1.8 0.8 19.6 3.3
TN: Nashville 2.7 1.4 ND 28.9 4.8 2.1 1.1 19.8 3.8
TX: Austin 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.5 14.9 2.9 1.1 0.7 14.8 2.9
TX:El Paso ND 0.2 0.9 54.6 8.3 2.7 1.5 43.6 7.2
VA:Lynchburg 1.4 0.8 0.1 0.5 121 13 2.4 0.8 16.2 2.6
WA: Olympia ND 0.1 0.3 7.20 1.5 0.2 0.3 3.7 1.1
WA:Spokane 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.5 20.1 2.6 0.2 0.3 18.9 2.4
WI:Madison ND ND 22.1 3.4 1.3 0.7 $4.2 6.0
WV:Charleston 0.2 0.8 0.2 0.6 31.5 4.6 0.9 0.6 32.1 4.5

Note: o = Counting Error. NA = No Analysis. ND = Not Detectable.

18



ENVIRONMENTAL
RADIATION

DATA

REPORT 67

July-September 1991

United States Environmental Protection Agency

Office of Radiation and Indoor Air


Table 20

Drinking Water
Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Sr-90, and Ra-226 Concentrations

January-December 1990 Composites

Total Gross Gross Specific
Location Solids Beta Alpha 90sy 226Ra Gamma
(mg/L) | pCi/L +20 | pCi/L +20 | pCi/L +20 | pCi/L +20 Activity
AK :Fairbanks 100.0| 3.1 0.8] 0.4 0.6] O.4 0.4 WA ND
AL:Dothan 200.0| 1.4 0.9/ 0.8 1.0] 0.0 0.3 NA TMD
AL: Montgomery 60.0] 1.6 0.7] 0.8 0.7] 0.4 Of MA TMD
AL:Muscle Shoals 80.0 2.1 0.7 ND 0.2 0.3 Na ND
AL:Scottsboro 100.0/ 0.6 0.7 uD 0.2 0.2 NA TMD
AR:Little Rock 30.0] 1.3 0.6 ND 0.2 0.3 NA "D
CA:Berkeley 30.0] 0.6 0.6) 0.0 0.3| 0.2 o.4 NA "D
CA:Los Angeles 400.0] 9.2 2.4] 9.0 2.9 "D NA 1D
CO:Denver 100.0] 2.9 0.8] 0.7 0.6] 0.2 0.3 NA TMD
CO:Platteville 800.0] 9.6 2.8] 7.4 4.5 ND NA "D
CT: Hartford 40.0] 1.8 0.7 ND ND MA TMD
DC:Washington 100.0/ 3.4 0.9 ND 0.0 4.4 NA 5D
DE:Dover 200.0] 2.8 0.9] 0.4 0.8] 0.0 0.6 MA D
FL: Miami 200.0] 0.6 0.8 6 1.6 uD 0.32 0.02} 21431; 20.846.3
212pp; 8. 845.5
FL: Tampa 200.0] 2.3 0.9] 0.4 1.3] 0.2 0.6 NA uD
GA:Baxley 200.0] 2.8 0.7] 1.8 4.4 ND 1.8 0.4 xD
GA: Savannah 100.0] 2.0 0.9] O.f 0.7 ND NA XD
HI:Honolulu 200.0] 1.9 0.8] 0.6 0.7 ND WA 1)
TA:Cedar Rapids 100.0] 2.7 0.8 ND ND NA ND
ID:Boise 100.0] 0.6 0.8] 0.2 0.6 ND NA ND
ID:Idaho Falls 200.0] 3.6 4.3/ 1.6 1.0 ND 0.08 0.01 ND
IL:Morris 300.0] 19.8 2.2| 14.2 2.8 ND 6.0 0.1) 7!2pp: 6.36.5
IL:W. Chicago 200.0] 19.6 2.1] 16.7 2.9 ND 7.7 0.1] 2"4Pp: 9.45.6
KS: Topeka 300.0] 7.6 4.6| 0.2 1.4] 0.1 0.8 NA uD
LA:New Orleans 100.0] 2.7 0.9] 0.3 0.6] 0.0 0.7 NA wD
MA: Lawrence 90.0 1.0 0.8 ND 0.2 0.6 NA wD
MD:Baltimore 80.0] 1.9 0.9 ND 0.3 0.5 NA ND
MD:Conowingo 200.0 2.2 0.8 0.3 0.4 ND Na ND
ME: Augusta 50.0] 3.0 0.9| 0.6 0.6 ND NA ND
MI:Detroit 80.0] 2.4 0.9] 0.7 0.7] 0.8 0.3 NA uD
MI:Grand Rapids 100.0] 2.2 0.9] 0.6 0.9] 0.0 3.7 NA uD
MN: Minneapolis 90.0} 3.4 1.0] 0.4 0.9] 0.4 0.3 NA TMD
{MN:Red Wing 200.0] 10.0 1.6] 7.0 2.4 ND 3.4 0.4 wD
MO:Jefferson City| 300.0| 6.9 1.2] 1.0 1.2] 0.3 0.2 NA ND

42



Table 13 (continued)

Plutonium and Uranium In Airborne Particulates

January-June 1990 Composites

238 py 239-240, 234y 2354, 238g

Location aci/m? 420 | aci/m? 420 | aci/m? +20 | aci/m® +420 | aCi/m? 20
OH: Columbus 0.5 © 0.7 ND 41.0 7.1{ 3.2 4.7] 32.6 6.2
OH:Painesville 0.4 0.6 ND 24.6 5.2| 1.3 4.1] 16.7 4.4
OH: Toledo 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.3] 29.4 4.8] 1.3 0.8] 28.7 4.7
OK:Oklahoma City O41 0.2 0.2 0.4] 20.6 3.6] 1.0 0.8] 14.5 2.8
OR:Portland ND 0.1 0.2] 18.1 3.2] 0.6 0.5] 13.6 2.6
PA:Goldsboro ND 0.8 0.7! 24.1 4.7] 4.9 1.3] 22.5 4.3
PA:Harrisburg ND 0.1 0.4] 11.9 3.4] 0.8 0.5] 7.3 1.8
PA:Pitteburgh Ot 0.4 0.5 0.6] 34.2 6.2] 0.4 4.4] 27.3 5.3
Pa: Three Mile Island 0.5 0.7 ND 19.4 4.3] 0.4 0.8] 13.2 3.4
RI:Providence ND 0.2 0.3 15.2 2.8 0.8 0.5 14.9 2.7
Sc:Barnvell ND 0.4 0.5| 24.7 5.6 TMD 29.1 6.0
SC:Columbia TMD 0.2 0.3] 37.1 5.4] 0.3 0.4] 30.6 4.7
SD:Pierre ND 0.5 0.6] 28.4 5.4] 0.4 0.5] 19.5 4.5
TW:Knoxville ND 0.4 0.5| 26.0 5.5] 1.4 1.4] 24.0 5.1
TiiWashville ND 0.3 0.3) 25.8 4.4] 4.5 1.0] 21.7 4.0
TX:dustin ND ND 9.3 2.2] 0.3 0.4] 61 1.8
TX:B1 Paso 0.7 1.3 0.3 0.7] 108 16] 0.4 0.8] 93.5 14.5
UT:Salt Lake City 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.5] 28.3 4.9] 0.8 0.7] 20.6 4.0
VA:Lynchburg ND 0.1 0.1] 253 24] 6.8 1.6] 11.4 2.2
Wa:Olympia ND 0.5 0.5] 8.8 2.2] 0.5 0.8] 5.1 1.6
WA:Spokane ND 0.3 0.5] 22.3 5.3] 1.6 1.2] 18.1 4.6
WI:Madison ND TMD 16.7 3.2 uD 10.1 2.8
Wv:Charleston 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3] 32.2 64] 1.4 1.2] 25.0 5.4
WY: Cheyenne ND 0.3 0.6] 24.7 6.5] 3.0 2.0] 23.7 6.0

Note: o = Counting Error. NA = No Analysis. ND = Not Detectable.

26



Table 17 (continued)

Tritium in Surface Water
July-September 1991

Date

Location Source Collected | nci/L +2¢
NY:Ossining Hudson River 07/17/94 0.1 0.2
OH: Toledo Lake Erie 07/02/91 0.14 0.2
OR:Bradwood Columbia River 07/22/91 0.3 0.2
PA:Danville Susquehanna River 07/10/91 0.2 0.2
PA:Philadelphia Schuylkill-Belmont | 07/09/91 0.2 0.2
PA:Philadelphia Schuylkill-Queen 07/09/91 0.3 0.2
PA:Philadelphia Delaware-Baxter 07/09/91 0.2 0.2
SC: Allendale Savannah River 07/31/91 2.1 0.2
SC:Broad River Broad River 07/18/91 0.4 0.2
SC:Hartsville Lake Robinson 07/22/91 1.0 0.2
TN:Daisy Tennessee River 07/23/91 0.2 0.2
TN:Kingston Clinch River 07/08/91 0.2 0.2
TX:El Paso Rio Grande 07/02/94 0.1 0.2
TX:Matagorda Colorado River 07/16/91 0.2 0.2
VA:Doswell North Anna River 07/03/91 3.3 0.2
VA:Newport News James River 07/15/91 0.2 0.2
VT: Vernon Connecticut River 07/09/91 0.2 0.2
WA: Northport Columbia River 07/17/91 0.3 0.2
WA:Richland Columbia River © 07/10/91 0.3 0.2
WI:Two Creeks Lake Michigan 07/03/91 0.2 0.2
WI:Victory Mississippi River 07/01/94 0.1 0.2
WV: Wheeling Ohio River 07/29/91 | (0.2 0.2

Note: o = Counting Error.

35



Table 11

January-June 1989 Composites

Plutonium and Uranium In Airborne Particulates

RLLVRertanocawonmacanmatanananonwnn ae wa
Fl AM oda GANA A AHHH HEHANATANAANAKD OA WO rary
Db
oo
BS yl PAVTeoNntwononMantonnanADMDannwHansae to
N/A SOHO H BONO AHTOKRYAOHODHHOWS axe $0
g[ASe° an aean SISRSASARRARSRAATAAN AS as
‘s
S[etttn Nene Ken emeatenoutrannny aqgoar
GlecAxccocaccs sococcessoussosoaooscode oN oo
pb
iS MWAMOMNAMANABANROHOMKMOWHHHTHMANTRANM ASH
Sl oconcddcon aot odd tn on dec oS COHAN SH aa
3
‘S
elon atanot¥nmonownoenawennannatvann onmot
Gos on GAKHAKCHT OTE HHATDUHAHDHAAH OA Wows
b
ey HR awonratann aware namotronmn4tatonst eget
Se woEKBASCHKEHD ODEN UNHKAYHFODSHHMaALCH A ws
BPAASMPRSASRAPRARSHRAAAHSABAR KARA FB aa
4
plamm a + aAMae ann antacgda a Oo mm
EQiccs o os coco ooo 6 66000890 S 80 Soo
aH
IS
IS ma | HNNANDANAXHAMANDAHHAAAMARBNANHNTNANQWANNM
iP B/SSSASSBasearresegrrttarsseasr arses sasasesse
2 Slooo 6 o=s66c60 coos eococoscoco 6"*6"s6060
ee
3S
‘s
& wo a a a6 “ a
a oo o so oo a“ oe
a
co
3 an “aaaaa arAataAapaAntntAAaAAN “
ee) 2 2aeeese (RRR AR aeeaereeser tes SBBat
$ oo so so oo ° o
ty
‘s
b
$ po
“4 a 4 aoa 2 od aq
pe 8 182 1.» gd 2 ef. 32 28 , @¢
o ps vest ae Bok oo 2 234 os uo
Space eo Bee gx Soe Satswaegsbegugi bh Hes
tlS8esaceuees 35 pe sG Hee RS ES SPEIRS eps kB
Bl aN ee send and? oo Z2¥SSaHooaG sseaege ds
S|2PSSTER ESE Ce agou es BeeaneyeeSses & 3
SILER SHR REA Gea ET i SHES eae oh
s]/SAseso BenS O90 Sho @ SS eaa ASHE aH On BS
S(2ahadGaes5eaian Seed eG EisSsaasheaawsaa
jaNnaac be QHOSAASSEHHAREHBHSSHOSBMEOES ER EE
SES SSSERPREARAHALERSRESLSLSSLASERREEREEE

21



Table 3 (continued)

Gross Beta in Airborne Particulates
August 1991

6-Hour Field NAREL Lab
Number Estimate Measurment
Location of Max Min Avg Max Min Avg
Samples (pci/m?) (pCi/n3)

6 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.01 0.01 0.01

9 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.02 0.01 0.01

7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.02 0.01 0.01

9 2.7 0.0 4.4 0.02 0.00 0.04

9 0.8 0.2 0.4 0.03 0.00 0.01

9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.01 0.00 0.00

9 0.8 0.2 0.5 0.02 0.01 0.04

9 1.0 0.3 0.7 0.02 0.01 0.01

9 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.02 0.00 0.014

SC:Barnwell 2 0.1 0.0 O.2 0.01 0.00 0.00
SC:Columbia 9 0.4 O.4 0.3 0.03 0.00 0.02
7 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.03 0.01 0.04

9 1.0 0.3 0.6 0.07 0.01 0.03

9 2.4 #O.38 4.1 0.06 0.02 0.03

9 0.4 O.4 0.2 0.04 0.00 0.014

TX:El Paso 9 1.0 0.2 0.6 0.01 0.01 0.014
UT:Salt Lake City 9 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.01 0.01 0.014
VA:Lynchburg 8 1.3 0.4 0.8 0.02 0.01 0.014
VA: Virginia Beach 3 0.1 O.f 0.4 0.01 0.01 0.01
WA: Olympia 9 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.01 0,00 0.00
WA:Spokane 8 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.02 0.00 0.01
WI:Madison 9 1.4 0.2 0.4 0.02 0.01 0.01
WV:Charleston 6 0.6 0.1 0.4 0.02 0.01 0.01

Minimum Detectable Limit for field estimates - 0.1 pCi/m?.

Minimum Detectable Limit for laboratory measurement - 0.01 pCi/m3,



Table 20 (continued)

Drinking Water
Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Sr-90, and Ra-226 Concentrations

January-December 1990 Composites

Total Gross Gross Specific
Location Solids Beta Alpha 9s, 226Ra Gamma
(mg/L) | pCi/L +20 | pCi/L +20 | pCi/L +20 | pCi/L +20 Activity
MS: Jackson 60.0] 2.9 0.9] 0.2 0.6] 0.3 0.3 NA 2087): 3.22.7
MS:Port Gibson 300.0 5.4 1.6] 0.8 0.9] 0.0 0.1 NA 20871; 5,644.6
MT:Helena 100.0] 3.3 1.2] 1.0 1.0] o.4 0.8 WA 214pp: 14,146.3
214B5: 22,1+6.4
NC:Charlotte 40.0] 2.0 0.9 1) 0.0 0.2 NA uD
NC:Wilmington 90.0] 2.6 0.9 TMD ND NA 20871: 4,744.5
ND:Bismarck 300.0 3.7 1.2 0.2 1.5 ND NA ND
NE:Lincoln 300.0| 11.3 1.8] 7.2 2.5] 0.0 0.6] 0.23 0.04 oh)
NH: Concord 80.0| 1.1 0.8] 0.1 0.5| 0.09 0,04 NA i)
NJ: Trenton 90.0] 1.6 0.9 ND 0.3 1.0 WA wD
NJ:Waretown 50.0] 2.0 0.8] 4.5 0.7 ND NA 214pp: 11.146.6
WM:Santa Fe 200.0] 14.2 1.4] 10.6 1.9| 0.0 0.3] 0.14 0.01] 2!4Bi: 91.0+7.4
212ppH: 18.0+5.8
214pp: 84.646.6
NV:Las Vegas 500.0] 7.1 2.3] 4.4 2.6] 0.2 0.2] 0.16 0.01 wD
NY: Albany 80.0] 1.0 0.8] 0.4 0.5 ND NA 1D
WY:New York City 40.0] 0.7 0.8 ND 0.2 0.4 NA 212py: 6,445.8
NY:Niagara Falls | 100.0] 1.9 0.8 ND 0.6 0.3 MA xD
NY:Syracuse 90.0 2.4 0.9 0.1 0.6 0.14 0.2 NA ND
OH: Cincinnati 200.0| 2.9 0.9| 0.2 0.6] 0.13 0.04 NA »D
0H: Columbus 300.0| 3.8 4.4 yD "D NA wD
OH:East Liverpool} 100.0] 2.5 1.2 ND 0.1 0.1 NA 20877; 6,443.5
OH: Painesville 100.0} 2.9 0.9 ND 0.6 0.8 mA »D
OH: Toledo 90.0] 1.8 0.7] 0.3 0.6] 0.2 0.1 WA uD
OK:Oklahoma City 70.0! 2.1 0.7] O.4 0.4 TMD NA TMD
OR: Portland 20.0] 0.4 0.6 ND 1) NA xD
PA:Columbia 200.0] 2.3 0.7 wD 0.2 0.2 MA ND
PA:Harrisburg 40.0] 1.0 0.8] 0.3 0.8] 0.0 0.7 WA wD
PA:Phila.-Baxter | 100.0| 2.1 0.9] 0.4 0.6 ND MA ND
PA:Phila.-Belmont | 200.0] 2.7 0.9 wD wD NA 21454: 16.247.6
PA:Phila.-Queen 200.0] 3.6 0.9} 0.4 0.8] 0.2 0.4 NA 21483; 20.546.9
214pp: 12.846.5
PA:Pittaburgh 100.0] 1.9 0.7] 0.2 0.6] 0.2 0.3 WA 214B4;18.447.1
214pp: 10.146.5
PC: Ancon 70.0| 0.9 0.6 ND TMD NA xD

43



3. External Gamma Ambient Monitoring Program

The External Gamma Monitoring Program (EGAMP), which began in October 1978,
provides a continuous measurement of ambient gamma exposure rates, including cosmic, at
selected sites throughout the continental United States. Data from this program are used
to evaluate fluctuations in natural background due to variations in environmental condi-
tions and to provide a means of monitoring any significant increases in ambient gamma
levels. The program consists of approximately 22 sites representing wide geographic cover-
age throughout the country.t Although exposure measurements at these few sites are not
totally representative of nationwide exposures, they do indicate national trends.

The EGAMP program utilizes CaF2:Mn thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD’s). These
dosimeters are commercially available glass-bulb type dosimeters with energy compensating
shields. A group of three TLD’s is located at each station or site. Dosimeters are annealed
by the station operator prior to positioning in the field. The dosimeters are returned to
NAREL for readout approximately every three months. Several dosimeters are annealed by
the station operator as controls and returned with the exposed field dosimeters to correct
for any exposures accumulated during shipment.

Publication of EGAMP data has been suspended until problems with the data are re-
solved.

} Since some of these sites may not return dosimeters each period, the number of sites listed may vary slightly.

45


Table 5
Gross Beta and Specific Gamma in Precipitation

July 1991
Specific Gamma
Location Depth Act. +20 Activity
(am) (nCi/n?) (pei/L)
AL: Montgomery 100.0 0.12 0.04 TBe: 46.6+23.1
214pp: 18.046.0
AR: Little Rock 45.0 | 0.07 0.02| ?!4pp: 5.3442
CO:Denver 20.2 | 0.05 0.01) 7!4pi: 47.948.7
212 pp: 6,145.9
214pp: 37.3474
CT:Hartford 90.0 | 0.22 0.04] 714pi:
214pp;
DE: Wilmington 127.4 | 0.76 0.07 | 224pi:
214pp;
FL: Jacksonville 244.4 0.48 0.10
FL:Miami 132.2 | 0.06 0.05
214Pp: 60.845.6
ID:Boise 0.8 | 0.00 0.00 | 2!4pi: 26.3411.0
ID: Idaho Falls 4.2 | 0.06 0.00 144442
IL: Chicago 11.0 | 0.02 0.00] 2!4pp: 28.319.7
LA:New Orleans 166.0 | 0.22 0.06 TMD
ME: Augusta 44.0 | 0.18 0.02 "D
MI:Lansing 43.8 | 0.05 0.02| 7!4ni: 23.147.6

214pp: 12.646.2
MN: Minneapolis 107.0 | 0.14 0.04] 2!4pp: 45.8183
214B4:77.8410.9

MO: Jefferson City 68.0 | 0.06 0.02| 2!4pp: 31.948.0
MS: Jackson 84.0 | 0.07 0.03 wD
NC: Charlotte 71.0 | 0.14 0.03] 7!2pp:5.744.9
NC: Wilmington 127.4 | 0.25 0.05] "Be: 32.5422.8
ND: Bismarck 30.2 | 0.03 0.04 "D
WH: Concord 56.6 | 0.19 0.03 | 214pp: 37.548.8
21451: 76.8410.9
NJ:Trenton 92.0 | 0.43 0.05 | 2!4pp; 48.048,6
21454: 73.449.8
WM:Santa Fe 112.0 | 0.06 0.04] 7!4pp; 34.818.5
21431: 76.849.7
NY: Albany 34.4 | 0.09 0.02] 7Be:44.7429.7
NY:Niagara Falls 47.0 | 0.22 0.02| 214pp: 75.148.9

214B4: 405411
Be: 71.1442.6

NY:Syracuse 11.0 | 0.02 0.00] 224pp; 71.949.6

212pp: 8.1475