Foraminifera from the 

Arctic Slope of Alaska

Part 2, Jurassic Foraminifera

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 236-B

Prepared in cooperation 'with the U. S. 

Department of the Navy, Office of Naval 

Petroleum and Oil Shale Reserves.
Foraminifera from the 

Arctic Slope of Alaska

By HELEN TAPPAN

Part 2, Jurassic Foraminifera

Description and illustrations of Jurassic 

Foraminifera, including the first Liassic 

Foraminifera discovered in the Western 

Hemisphere. Prepared in cooperation 

with the U. S. Department of the Navy, 

Office of Naval Petroleum and Oil Shale 

Reserves.

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1955
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

Douglas McKay, Secretary

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

W. E. Wrather, Director

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office 

Washington 25, D. C. - Price $1.50 (paper cover)
OUTLINE OF THE REPORT

General introduction

Part 1. Triassic Foraminifera

2. Jurassic Foraminifera

3. Cretaceous Foraminifera

4. Pleistocene Foraminifera

CONTENTS

Abstract-____ .____.__. __.__ ._-____•______-__-____-__

Introduction _______________________________________

Field investigations in the Jurassic of northern Alaska. __ 

Foraminiferal studies of northern Alaska.-______-_-_-__

Source of material-_______ _____________________

Areas of outcrop-__ _________________________

Canning River region. __________________

Sadlerochit River region_________________

Siksikpuk-Nanushuk Rivers region. _-__-__ 

Subsurface material-_____-__.________-_..__-

Simpson Test Well !____...__.__._._..___

South Barrow Test Well 2____________ .._

South Barrow Test Well 3____-_ .---__-__

South Barrow Test Well 4_____ _________

Topagoruk Test Well l___________-____-_

Correlation.___ _______________________________

Jurassic of North America.__________________

German Lias-____---__-_________--___-__-__

Jurassic of England and France.. ____________

Page 

21 

21

21

22

22

22

23

24

24

25

26

26

27

27

27

28

28

29

31

Foraminiferal studies of northern Alaska—Continued Page

Characteristics of the Jurassic Fauna of Alaska..--- 32

Acknowledgments. ______________________________ 34

Systematic descriptions.__-___-_-_______...._-____-___ 35

Rhizamminidae.-.- _ ____________________________ 35

H yperamminidae. ______________________________ 35

Reophacidae. __________________________________ 35

Tolypamminidae_-__ . _-_-_-_-__-____---___--__- 38

Lituolidae.____________________________________ 42

Textulariidae_ __________________________________ 46

Verneuilinidae__-___________________________ ..__ 47

Valvulinidae.__________________________________ 49

Trochamminidae_ _______________________________ 49

Nodosariidae _ _ _______________________________ 51

Polymorphinidae. ______-_-_-..____--_____---____ 83

References—__ ___________________________________ 84

Index._____---.--_-_--__---_----_--_------__-----_ 87

ILLUSTRATIONS

[Plates 7-28 follow page 90] 

PLATE 6. Outcrop of Kingak shale on the Canning

River______________________________ Facing 22

7. Bathysiphon, Jaculella, Reophax.

8. Reophax, Involutina, Glomospira, Gaudryina.

9. Involutina, Glomospira, Lituotuba, Haplophragmoides.

10. Haplophragmoides.

11. Haplophragmoides, Ammobaculites.

12. Ammobaculites.

13. Ammobaculites, Triplasia, Spiroplectammina, 

Textularia, Gaudryina.

14. Gaudryina, Dorothia, Trochammina.

15. Lenticulina, Darbyella.

16. Lenticulina.

17. Astacolus, Marginulinopsis.

18. Lenticulina, Astacolus, Marginulina.

19. Astacolus, Marginulina.

20. Marginulina.

21. Marginulina, Dentalina.

22. Marginulina, Vaginulina. •

23. DentaMna, Vaginulina. 

24, 25. Nodosaria.

26. Vaginulina, Vaginulinopsis, Nodosaria, Rectoglandulina, Planularia, Saracenaria.

PLATE 27. Lingulina, Frondicularia.

28. Citharina, Lagena, Eoguttulina, Paleopolymorphina, Globulina.

FIGURE 3. Index map of northern Alaska, showing outcrop areas of Jurassic rocks and location of Page 

test wells-_____________________________ 23

4. Map of Canning River area, showing location

of Jurassic samples collected by Gryc, 1947. 23

5. Map of Sadlerochit River area, showing outcrop areas of Jurassic rocks and location of 

samples collected by Sable, 1948-_________ 24

6. Map of Siksikpuk-Nanushuk Rivers area, 

showing outcrop areas of Jurassic rocks and 

location of samples collected by Patton and 

Keller, I960—____________.__--__-_._ 25

7. Cross section of Barrow area, showing bevelling

of the Jurassic strata to the north________ 26

8. Correlation of Jurassic strata of North 

America, from which Foraminifera have 

been described________________________ 29

9. Correlation of the Jurassic of northern Alaska, 

showing ammonite zones and the equivalent 

stages in Europe._______________________ 30

CHART

CHART 1. Foraminiferal range chart of South Barrow Test Well 3----------------- ----------------------------Facing 26

FORAMINIFERA FROM THE ARCTIC SLOPE OF ALASKA

By HELEN TAPPAN'

PART 2. JURASSIC FORAMINIFERA

ABSTRACT

A fauna of 111 species of Foraminifera was obtained from 

Jurassic strata of northern Alaska, ranging in age from Early 

Jurassic or Liassic of Europe (Sinemurian, Pliensbachian, and 

Toarcian) to Late Jurassic (Callovian and upper OxfordianKimmeridgian).

This includes the first Lower Jurassic foraminiferal fauna to be 

recorded from the western hemisphere, and it correlates closely 

with the Liassic faunas of Germany, France, and England. A 

few of the species were found in outcrops, but the major part of 

the fauna was obtained from core samples from wells drilled in 

Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, in the Arctic Coastal Plain 

province of northern Alaska.

Thirty-three genera of Foraminifera are represented, belonging 

to 11 families. The family Nodosariidae has 74 species, 8 belong to 

the Lituolidae, 7 to the Tolypamminidae, 5 to the Verneuilinidae, 

4 each to the Reophacidae, Trochamminidae, and Polymorphinidae, 2 to the Textulariidae and one each to the Rhizamminidae, Hyperamminidae, and Valvulinidae. Thirty-six of the 

species are described as new, and 4 new names are proposed for 

homonyms.

INTRODUCTION

This report is the second of a series describing the 

Foraminifera of northern Alaska. The material described was obtained during the field exploration and 

drilling program being conducted by the U. S. Navy in 

Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, and adjacent areas of 

the Arctic Slope of Alaska. The U. S. Geological 

Survey is cooperating with the U. S. Navy in the geologic aspects of this program. A general discussion of 

the investigations, with an outline map showing the 

location of the Reserve, may be found in the first of 

this series (Tappan, 1951b).

Only the foraminiferal faunas are described in this 

report; a preliminary report on the stratigraphy, 

structure, and other phases of the geology of the area 

may be found in a report by T. G. Payne and others 

(1952).

FIELD INVESTIGATIONS IN THE JURASSIC OF 

NORTHERN ALASKA

The earliest mention of Jurassic strata in northern 

Alaska was made by Leffingwell (1919). He described 

the Kingak shale as Early Jurassic in age, and as consisting of about 4,000 feet of black shale, conformably 

overlying the Shublik formation of Late Triassic age 

and probably underlying the Ignek formation of 

Jurassic? age. The type locality of the Kingak shale 

is at Kingak Cliff, near Camp 263, at the southeastern

•Mrs. Alfred R. Loeblich, Jr.

end of the Sadlerochit Mountains. The shales are 

thin bedded and friable, nearly black in color, and contain many concretions.

Fossils recorded from the Kingak shale include 

Pentacrinus cf. P. subangularis Miller (identified by 

Frank Springer), Inoceramus cf. 7. lucifer Eichwald, 

Hammatoceras cf. H. howelli (White), and Harpoceras 

whiteavesi (White) (identified by T. W. Stanton). 

These species occur throughout the lower 1,500 feet 

of the formation and were originally used as a basis for 

correlation with the European Liassic and Lower Oolitic 

strata. Some very similar species were found in the 

Kialagvik formation of the Alaska Peninsula, and 

various European paleontologists considered them to 

be Late Liassic (Toarcian) in age, although Stanton 

considered them to be of Middle Jurassic age.

After LeffingwelTs early exploration, very little was 

done in this area, until the U. S. Geological Survey 

field parties began geologic studies in Naval Petroleum 

Reserve No. 4 in 1923.

Exploratory trips were made by Survey geologists in 

the Reserve in the next few years, but although a diligent search was made, no Jurassic rocks were recognized 

in the areas traversed (Smith, 1927, p. 117). As Jurassic rocks were oil bearing in southern Alaska, it was 

hoped that such would be the case in the north as well. 

However, it was not until 1949 that Jurassic rocks were 

found to crop out west of the Canning River region 

where they had first been recognized by Leffingwell.

George Gryc and Marvin D. Mangus worked in the 

region of the Shaviovik and Canning Rivers, in the 

summer of 1947, to determine the structural and stratigraphic relationships of this area with the other parts 

of northern Alaska. They found the Kingak shale exposed at only two localities on the Canning River, the 

best outcrop being opposite Cache Creek, where no less 

than 4,000 feet is exposed. A few beds and concretions 

of calcareous ironstone contain fossils, but practically 

no material of sand size was found in the entire section. 

The overlying Ignek formation was thought by Leffingwell to be Early Jurassic in age, but Gryc found it to. 

be Cretaceous, probably in large part Late Cretaceous. 

Three fairly good outcrops of black shale with ironstone 

interbeds and concretions were found in the Shaviovik 

River traverse, and mapped as the Kingak shale, as the 

fauna and lithology were similar to that of the type 

section.

21
22 FORAMINIFERA FROM THE ARCTIC SLOPE OF ALASKA

In the summer of 1948, Charles L. Whittington and 

Edward G. Sable, of the U. S. Geological Survey, made 

a reconnaissance in the Sadlerochit River area. The 

Kingak shale is conformable on the Shublik formation 

of Late Triassic age, the contact being exposed in two 

localities, one in a bluff one mile east of Camp 13, and 

one on the first creek east of Limit Creek. According 

to Whittington and Sable (unpublished report), Leffingwell's type locality for the Kingak could not definitely 

be located. "Kingak," which means "nose," is applied 

by the natives of Barter Island to a high hill on the 

divide between the Hulahula and Sadlerochit Rivers, 

southeast of Camp 13. The rocks in and around this 

hill belong to the Ignek formation. Leffingwell's map 

indicates that Kingak Cliff is in the vicinity of Camp 

13. The bluff one mile east of Camp 13 contains the 

basal 150 feet of the Kingak shale at its east end, but 

is largely composed of rocks of the Sadlerochit (Permian) 

and Shublik (Upper Triassic) formations. However, 

Whittington and Sable consider it more probable that 

the type section was in on tcrops of the Kingak shale in 

cut banks along the Sadlerochit River and its tributaries 

in the vicinity of Camp 12, and that Leffingwell's 

"Kingak Cliff' is one of these cut banks on the 

Sadlerochit River near Camp 12.

The Kingak shale, composed principally of black silt 

or mud shale, is relatively incompetent, and has been 

greatly affected by the forces that produced the structure in the Sadlerochit region. Small-scale folds and 

faults are widespread. Whittington and Sable located 

the crinoid beds in the lower part of the Kingak shale, 

and found the ammonite-pelecypod faunas to occur 

considerably higher. Leffingwell had obtained a crinoid 

fauna, which was classified by Frank Springer as Early 

Jurassic in age but its stratigraphic position within the 

Kingak was unknown. The ammonite fauna had been 

correlated with that of the Jurassic beds at Kialagvik 

Bay on the Alaskan Peninsula, then thought to be Lower 

Jurassic. However, P. S. Smith (1939, p. 45) recorded 

these latter beds as the Kialagvik formation and placed 

them in the Middle Jurassic series.

In the summer of 1950, George Gryc and Ralph 

Imlay made another trip through the Canning River 

region, and obtained abundant ammonite faunas, which 

made possible detailed correlation with the European 

section, and proved the presence of beds of Early, 

Middle, and Late Jurassic age locally within the Kingak 

shale.

In 1949, William W. Patton, Jr., and Irvin L. Tailleur 

reported Jurassic rocks from a single locality on Fortress 

Creek in the area of the Okpikruak and Kiruktagiak 

Rivers. The presence of Pseudolioceras suggested that 

these rocks were of Bajocian age, although they were 

barren of microfossils.

The following summer, William W. Patton, Jr., and 

A. Samuel Keller found Jurassic beds in the SiksikpukNanushuk Rivers area; fossils in these strata proved 

the presence of Middle and Upper Jurassic series in this 

area. Bajocian rocks were found on Tiglukpuk Creek; 

elsewhere rocks of Late Jurassic age rest directly on 

strata of Triassic age.

Rocks containing a pelecypod fauna, identified as 

Jurassic by R. W. Imlay, were later found as far west 

as the Kukpowruk River. These rocks of Middle and 

Late Jurassic age of the western section of northern 

Alaska differ in many respects from the Kingak shale 

of Early Jurassic age of the Canning-Sadlerochit Rivers 

area, and as no formational name has yet been proposed 

for them, they are here referred to only as Middle or 

Late Jurassic rocks.

FORAMINIFERAL STUDIES OF NORTHERN ALASKA

SOURCE OF MATERIAL

Samples used in this report include those from three 

surface areas of northern Alaska, the regions of the 

Canning River, the Sadlerochit River and the SiksikpukNanushuk Rivers. Subsurface core material was 

obtained from five wells drilled by Arctic Contractors, 

in Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4. These are Simpson 

Test Well 1, South Barrow Test Wells 2, 3 and 4, and 

Topagoruk Test Well 1. More recent drilling has 

shown the presence of rocks of Jurassic age in additional 

wells, but only those from which samples were studied 

for the present report are shown on the index map 

(fig. 3).

AREAS OF OUTCROP

A fairly complete Jurassic section crops out in 

northern Alaska. Probably the most extensive exposures are in the Canning-Shaviovik Rivers area, 

where beds of Early, Middle, and Late Jurassic age 

are exposed. Unfortunately, although megafossils that 

accurately zone the beds occur there, the microfauna 

is sparse. The Lower Jurassic rocks are best represented microfaunally in the Sadlerochit region and 

microfossils of Late Jurassic age have been found in 

both the Canning region and the Siksikpuk-Nanushuk

PLATE 6

Oblique aerial photograph, looking westward across the Canning River toward the exposure of the Kingak shale in the cut banks. 

The promontory in the center of the picture separates the two cut banks from which microfossil samples were collected by George 

Gryc, 1947.
GEOLOGICAL SIRVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 236 PLATE fi

OUTCROP OF KINGAK FORMATION ON THE CANNING RIVER

JURASSIC FOBAMINIFEBA 23

Kingak shale 

TEST WELLS

1. Simpson No. 1

2. South Barrow No. 2

3. South Barrow No. 3

4. South Barrow No. 4

5. Topagoruk No. 1

150 Miles

FIGURE 3.—Index map of northern Alaska, showing areas of Jurassic outcrop and location of wells from which Foramimfera of Jurassic age were obtained.

area. Additional isolated outcrops occur as far west 

as the Kukpowruk River, but only those areas from 

which Foraminifera are here recorded are included in 

the accompanying maps and discussion.

CANNING RIVER REGION

The most complete stratigraphic section of the 

Jurassic known in northern Alaska is found in the 

Canning River region (fig. 4 and plate 6). The major 

part of the sedimentary rocks consists of fine-grained 

black shales that are hard and fissile. It is thus 

extremely difficult to break them down sufficiently for 

the separation of microfossils, and the fauna is also 

very restricted in character. The sparsity of microfossils probably is at least partly due to adverse local 

conditions at the time of deposition. It has been noted 

in Recent sediments that a fine-grained mud bottom 

is not conducive to a varied foraminiferal fauna, and 

that the few species present in this type of environment 

are mostly of arenaceous genera. However, the few 

species that become adapted to such conditions may 

become very numerous in individuals because of the 

lessened competition. These features are characteristic of black shale faunas of all ages and areas, 

similar sparse microfaunas occurring in the Lower 

Cretaceous Kiowa shale of Kansas, the Kiamichi formation in Oklahoma and Texas, and the Pepper shale 

member of the Woodbine formation of Texas, all of 

which have a similar lithology, although somewhat less 

consolidated, and all have a restricted fauna of arena320475—55———2

ceous species. As a rule, arenaceous species have a 

higher ecologic valence, and are more readily adaptable 

to unfavorable conditions.

146°Off 

Field geology by George Gryc and

Marvin D. Mangus 1947 

3 Miles

FIGURE 4.—Map of Canning River area, showing location of samples of Jurassic a 

collected by Gryc, 1947 (see also Plate 6).
24 FOKAMINIFERA FEOM THE ARCTIC SLOPE OF ALASKA

Two samples were found to contain identifiable 

Foraminifera, and these are listed below.

1. Amoeboceras zone (upper Oxfordian) of the Kingak shale, 

on the west bank of the Canning River, at lat 69°33' N., long 

146°23' W., in northeastern Alaska. Collected by George Gryc, 

1947.

Haplophragmoides canui Cushman 

Ammobaculites alaskensis Tappan 

Trochammina gryci Tappan

2. Amoeboceras zone (upper Oxfordian) of the Kingak shale, 

on the west bank of the Canning River, at lat 69°32'30" N., 

long 146°23' W., in northeastern Alaska. Collected by George 

Gryc, 1947.

Haplophragmoides canui Cushman 

Trochammina canningensis Tappan 

gryci Tappan

SADLEROCHIT RIVER REGION

Samples from the Sadlerochit River area contained a 

few more species of Foraminifera than samples 

from the Canning area, and represent a different part of 

the Jurassic system (fig. 5). The basal contact is 

exposed, with 2,640 feet of measured section of the 

Kingak shale, about 60 percent of which is exposed, most 

of it probably representing the Lower Jurassic (Liassic). 

The section was measured by pacing and by compass 

traverse. Dips are uniformly to the south, except for 

minor folds, but the degree of dip varies from nearly 

horizontal to nearly vertical. Minor folds and local 

slickensides also suggest that the structure may be

69° -20'

25' 20'

Geology by Charles L. Whittington and 

Edward G. Sable, 1948

Ignek formation Kingak shale Shublik formation

FIGURE 6.—Map of Sadlerochit River area, showing outcrop of Jurassic age and 

location of samples collected by Sable, 1948.

somewhat complex. Whittington and Sable (personal 

communication, June 1952) believe it probable that 

this 2,640 feet of measured section includes some 

repetition of beds by isoclinal folding or. faulting, 

although they are unable to estimate the percentage of 

repetition. The figures given here as to thickness of 

beds and their stratigraphic position are therefore only 

approximate.

The lower beds contained no Foraminifera, and only a 

few pyritic casts of Radiolaria in the lower 480 feet. 

The number of species in the remaining section is also 

somewhat restricted, although pyritic casts of one 

calcareous species were found.

Foraminifera were obtained from exposures of the 

black shales of the Kingak shale, including some ironstone beds, at approximately lat 69°35/ N., long 

145°04/ W., in the banks of a southward-flowing 

tributary which enters the Sadlerochit River approximately at lat 69°34/30// N., long 145°03/ W., on the 

south slope of the Sadlerochit Mountains, in northeastern Alaska. Collected by Edward G. Sable, 1948.

60 feet. Highest beds exposed, 2,580-2,640 feet above base

Trochammina sablei Tappan

Eoguttulina metensis (Terquem) 

930 feet. Not sampled.

Sample, 1,650 feet above the base.

Haplophragmoides barrowensis Tappan

Eoguttulina metensis (Terquem) 

1,010 feet. Not sampled.

160 feet. Composite sample, from 480 to 640 feet above 

the base.

Involutina silicea Terquem

Haplophragmoides barrowensis Tappan

Ammobaculites alaskensis Tappan

Trochammina canningensis Tappan 

sablei Tappan

SIKSIKPUK-NANUSHUK RIVERS REGION

The third area of Jurassic outcrop is in the region 

between the Siksikpuk River, tributary to the Chandler 

River, and the Nanushuk River, which flows into the 

Anaktuvuk River, southeast of Naval Petroleum 

Reserve No. 4, and in the Southern Foothills section 

(fig. 6). Eight samples were found to contain Foraminifera.

A. Upper Jurassic, on the west bank of Welcome Creek, 

approximately at lat 68°25' N., long 150°55' W., about 4 miles 

upstream from its confluence with Kanayut River, tributary to 

the Anaktuvuk River, in the foothills of the Brooks Range in 

northern Alaska. Collected by William W. Patton, Jr., 1950. 

About 30 to 50 feet of section is exposed above the Shublik formation of late Triassic age.

Glomospira pattoni Tappan 

Gaudryina milleri Tappan 

Lenticulina wisniowskii (Myatliuk)
JURASSIC FOBAMINIFERA 25

B. A 30- to 50-foot section of the Upper Jurassic is poorly 

exposed above the Shublik formation, in the headwaters of the 

Anaktuvuk River, at approximately lat 68°24' N., long 150°55' 

W., on the west bank of Welcome Creek, about 6 miles upstream 

from its confluence with Kanayut River, in the foothills of the 

Brooks Range, northern Alaska. Collected by William W. 

Patton, Jr., 1950.

Bathysiphon anomalocoelia Tappan

Glomospira pattoni Tappan

Haplophragmoides canui Cushman

Spiroplectammina sp.

Gaudryina milleri Tappan 

topagorukensis Tappan

Lenticulina wisniowskii (Myatliuk)

Astacolus sp.

152° 00'

Based on U.S.A.F. Pilotage Chart 

Arctic Village (63c)

FIGURE 6.—Map of Siksikpuk-Nanushuk Rivers area, showing outcrop of Jurassic 

age and source of samples collected by Patton and Keller, 1950. Geology by W. W. 

Patton, Jr. and A. S. Keller.

C. An Upper Jurassic shale section, with minor interbeds of 

the Aucella bronni coquinoid limestone, was found on the east 

bank of Welcome Creek, approximately at lat 68°24' N., long 

150°50' W., about 6 miles upstream from its confluence with 

Kanayut River, in the foothills of the Brooks Range, northern 

Alaska. Collected by William W. Patton, Jr., 1950.

Involutina cheradospira (Loeblich and Tappan)

Glomospira pattoni Tappan

Gaudryina milleri Tappan

D. Upper Jurassic shale, with minor interbeds of the Aucella 

bronni coquinoid limestone, on the east bank of Welcome Creek, 

approximately at lat 68°26' N., long 150°52' W., about 5 miles

upstream from its confluence with Kanayut River, in the foothills of the Brooks Range, northern Alaska. Collected by 

William W. Patton, Jr., 1950.

Glomospira pattoni Tappan 

Gaudryina milleri Tappan

E. Upper Jurassic, on the west bank of the East Fork of the 

Nanushuk River, approximately at lat 68°25' N., long 150°20' 

W., about 14 miles airline southeast of the confluence with the 

Nanushuk River, in the foothills of the Brooks Range, northern 

Alaska. Collected by William W. Patton, Jr., 1950. 

Glomospira pattoni Tappan 

Gaudryina milleri Tappan 

Lenticulina wisniowskii (Myatliuk)

F. The lower part of the Upper Jurassic (Oxfordian-Kimmeridgian) section exposed in the area, approximately at the 

Aucella bronni level, is found in the east bank of the East Fork 

of the Nanushuk River, approximately at lat 68°30' N., long 

150°25' W., in the foothills of the Brooks Range, northern 

Alaska. Collected by A. Samuel Keller, 1950.

Involutina cheradospira (Loeblich and Tappan) 

Glomospira pattoni Tappan

G. Upper Jurassic, on the east bank of the East Fork of the 

Nanushuk River, approximately at lat 68°02' N., long 150°27' 

W., about 9 miles airline southeast of the confluence with the 

Nanushuk River, in the foothills of the Brooks Range, northern 

Alaska. Collected by William W. Patton, Jr., 1950. 

Glomospira pattoni Tappan 

Gaudryina topagorukensis Tappan

H. A highly faulted section of the Upper Jurassic occurs 

about 3 miles east of the Siksikpuk River, approximately at lat 

68°40' N., long 151°54' W., in the foothills of the Brooks Range, 

northern Alaska. Collected by William W. Patton, Jr., 1950. 

Bathysiphon anomalocoelia Tappan 

Glomospira pattoni Tappan 

Lenticulina wisniowskii (Myatliuk)

SUBSURFACE MATERIAL

In the Arctic Coastal Plain province, the strata of 

Jurassic age are covered by younger rocks of Mesozoic 

and Cenozoic age. Furthermore, the section represented in the subsurface that was penetrated by drilling 

is less complete than that of the outcrop areas. It is 

most nearly complete in the southernmost wells 

(Topagoruk Test Well 1), and more and more of the 

younger beds are bevelled progressively to the north. 

Lower Jurassic rocks are conformable on those of the 

Triassic, and the thinning of the Jurassic section over 

the structures is due to removal of the upper part of the 

section. This is particularly well shown in the Barrow 

area, where, within a distance of a few miles, the amount 

of section of Jurassic age ranges from none in South 

Barrow Test Well 1 to a maximum, of 800 to 900 feet 

in South Barrow Test Well 3.

The cross section shown in figure 7 was prepared by 

the writer from seismic profiles made by United Geophysical Co., and the ages of the beds determined from 

paleontological studies of the well material. Uplift 

occurred after the deposition of at least the lower
26 FORAMINIFERA FROM THE ARCTIC SLOPE OF ALASKA

Jurassic beds, which were bevelled at the crest of the 

structure, but before the deposition of the overlying 

Lower Cretaceous strata. Very little or no Jurassic 

remains in the area of South Barrow Test Wells 1,2, 

and 4, but a considerable section is found on the south 

flank of the structure where South Barrow Test Well 3 

was drilled. Most of the fauna described in the present 

report came from this well.

SOUTH BARROW TEST WELLS 

3 2

including slofe • \. v 

of steep ond errotic diosl

10 Miles

FIGUKE 7.—Cross section of Barrow area, showing bevelling of the Jurassic strata to

the north.

The unconformity may represent a part of Jurassic 

time, inasmuch as no rocks of Middle or Late Jurassic 

age have been found here. According to Smith and 

Mertie (1930, p. 269), many parts of Alaska were 

"undergoing most stupendous mountain-building movements" during at least a part of Jurassic time.

It was during this period that all the preexisting rocks were 

subjected to enormous forces that bent and buckled them into 

folds, some of which were overturned or so sharply appressed 

that they broke, great thrust faults being thus produced. This 

was the event which really first clearly blocked out the great 

mountain unit that has progressively developed into the present 

Brooks Range.

This strong folding in the Brooks Range was probably 

accompanied by lesser folding and uplift farther north, 

as in the Barrow-Simpson area. These northern structures suggest that strata of Early Jurassic age were 

beveled from their crests, perhaps at the same time 

that deposition continued to the south and east, where 

beds of Middle and Late Jurassic age are now found. 

Sedimentation did not occur again over these structures until late in Early Cretaceous time, as apparently 

the Okpikruak formation is missing, as are the rocks 

of later Jurassic age.

The lowest part of the Lower Jurassic section is not 

very fossiliferous, either in the outcrops or the well

sections, and it is in the zone from about 400 to 600 

feet above the base that the most abundant microfauna 

is found. This part of the section is well represented 

by cores from South Barrow Test Well 3, but has been 

removed from the structure where pierced by the other 

Barrow wells. It is present in Simpson Test Well 1, 

where about 700 feet of rocks of Jurassic age have been 

identified, but the core coverage is much less complete. 

Furthermore, in all wells, as in the outcrop area, some 

of the siltstone beds are too indurated to be broken 

down for the recovery of Foraminifera, and examination 

of fragments showed an apparent absence of any 

microfauna.

SIMPSON TEST WELI 1

Simpson Test Well 1 is located at lat 70°57'05" N., 

long 155°21'45" W., west of Cape Simpson, in northern 

Alaska. Rocks of Jurassic age consist of about 700 feet 

of section, from which four cores contained microfossils. Lithologic descriptions are from the geologic 

log by A. Samuel Keller.

Depth (feet} and 

kind of sample

5,677-5,692

(Core)

5,860-5,870

(Cuttings) 

5,866-5,874 

(Core)

5,990-6,000

(Cuttings) 

6,067-6,077

(Core)

6,173-6,183

(Core)

6,183-6,193

(Core)

6, 237-6,247

(Core)

Lithology and fauna

Silt shale, light- to medium-gray, well-indurated

micaceous

Nodosaria mitis (Terquem and Berthelin)

Nodosaria prima d'Orbigny

Silt shale, medium-gray, carbonaceous, micaceous, well-indurated 

Haplophragmoides barrowensis Tappan 

Ammobaculites alaskensis Tappan 

Trochammina sablei Tappan 

Vaginulina sherborni (Franke) 

Astacolus pediacus Tappan

Silt shale, light- to medium-gray, carbonaceous,

well-indurated, with pyrite streaks.

Reophax suevica Franke

Lenticulina excavata (Terquem)

Astacolus pediacus Tappan

Sandstone, medium-gray to weak green-yellow,

well-indurated.

Marginulina utricula Terquem and Berthelin

Same lithology as above, but with a highly

calcareous zone and sandstone pebbles. Barren

of microfossils.

Siltstone, sandy green-yellow, well-indurated,

massive bedding. Barren of microfossils.

SOUTH BARROW TEST WELL 2

This well is located at lat 71°15 /51.34'/ N., long 

156°37'55.25" W., south of Point Barrow, northern 

Alaska. Rocks of Jurassic age consist of about 120 

feet of section, from which two cores were taken that 

contained microfossils. Lithologic descriptions are 

from the geologic log by A. Samuel Keller.
JURASSIC FORAMINIFERA 27

Depth (feet) and 

kind of sample

2,332-2,341

(Core)

2,341-2,356

(Core)

2,356-2,375

(Core)

2,391-2,400

(Core) 

2,400-2,420'

(Core)

Lithology and fauna

Fine sand, shale, and silt, cross-bedded and interlaminated, light to dark gray, moderately indurated. Barren.

Alternating silt, shale, fine sand, and siltstone, 

non- to slightly calcareous, light gray, with some 

dark-gray streaks in the lower portion which is 

largely sandstone and siltstone.

Jaculella elliptica (Deecke)

Reophax densa Tappan 

metensis Franke 

suevica Franke

Involutina as per a Terquem

Haplophragmoides kingakensisTappan

Trochammina canningensis Tappan 

sablei Tappan

Astacolus pediacus Tappan

Marginulina prima d'Orbigny 

Sandstone, silty, light gray, moderately to wellindurated. At 2,356 feet contained the following 

Foraminifera.

LenticuUna excavata (Terquem)

Marginulina prima d'Orbigny

Frondicularia terquemi d'Orbigny 

Silt to fine sandstone, light-gray, highly argillaceous, well-indurated. Barren. 

Silt to fine sandstone, light-gray, with dark shale 

streaks. Barren.

SOUTH BARROW TEST WEII 3

This well is located at lat 71°09'40" N., long 

156°34'45" W., south of Point Barrow, northern 

Alaska.

As the cores from this well supplied the major part 

of the fauna of Jurassic age, a range chart is given (chart 

1) showing each occurrence of each species of Jurassic 

age found in this well. As can be seen by comparing 

the cored intervals with the foraminiferal occurrences, 

various barren zones were encountered. A graphic 

lithologic log is presented in the left-hand column, so 

the lithology can be correlated with the fauna. Lithologic data were prepared by Florence Rucker.

In general, the more fossiliferous zones consist of 

shaly clay, and the barren zones of siltstone and sandstone. Associated fossils include a few ammonites, 

identified by Ralph W. Imlay, which are also listed at 

the appropriate depths on the chart. One ophiuroid, 

a few brachiopods, and pelecypods comprise the remaining megafauna. A few ostracodes were found in the 

core samples, but they are comparatively rare.

On the evidence supplied by the ammonites, the strata 

from 1,772 to 2,063 feet are Early Toarcian in age, and 

from 2,069-2,198 feet are Late Pliensbachian. Foraminiferal evidence supports this correlation, for within 

the Pliensbachian part of the section occur Ammobaculites fontinensis (Terquem), Dentalina tenuistriata Terquem, Marginulina interrupta Terquem, Nodosaria 

aphettolocula Tappan, and Nodosaria regularis Terquem,

all species found throughout the Lias y and 6 (Pliensbachian) of Germany and France. The uppermost 

Toarcian was probably removed from the Barrow 

structure with the strata of Middle and Late Jurassic 

age by pre-Cretaceous erosion.

The Foraminifera also suggest that earlier Liassic is 

represented below the section that contained the 

ammonites. Vaginulinopsis matutina (d'Orbigny) occurs from 2,100-2,485 feet in the well, and ranges from 

Lias ft to 5 (Sinemurian to Pliensbachian) in Germany 

and France. Marginulina radiata Terquem is found 

from 2,478-2,496 feet in the well, and is restricted to 

Lias a (Hettangian) and j8 (Sinemurian) in France and 

Germany. Glomospira perplexa Franke occurred in 

South Barrow Test Well 3 at 2,587-2,589 feet, and is 

restricted to Lias a (Hettangian) in Germany. These 

species would suggest that the Hettangian and Sinemurian as well as the Lower Pliensbachian are probably 

represented, although it is difficult to delimit exact 

contacts until additional information is obtained from 

other wells and outcrops as to the complete ranges of 

these and other species.

SOUTH BARROW TEST WELL 4

This well is located at lat 71°15'55.24" N., long 

156°37'44.89" W., 447 feet N. 28° E. of South Barrow 

Test Well 2. About 120 feet of strata of Jurassic age 

overlie the argillite "basement." Dips of 2°-5° int the 

overlying strata of Cretaceous age, as compared to 

possible dips of 10°-15° in the Jurassic radicate a 

possible angular unconformity between them. The 

strata of Jurassic age consist of fine-grained silty 

sandstone, according to lithologic determinations by 

Florence Rucker.

Depth (feet) and kind of sample Fauna 

2,340-2,350 (Core) Contains Involutina silicea Terquem

Planularia striata (Issler)

TOPAGORUK TEST WEII 1

This well is located west of the Topagoruk River, at 

lat 70°37'30" N., long 155°53'36" W., in the Arctic 

Coastal Plain Province, northern Alaska.

About 910 feet of section is of Late Jurassic age (probably Oxfordian or Lower Kimmeridgian). It consists 

of hard pyritic grayish-black claystone and clay shale, 

with fine- to medium-sized rounded grains of clear quartz. 

The base of this interval is marked by a dense grayish 

black heavy glauconitic sandstone, with glauconite oolites in a matrix of hematite and black shale. The core 

at 7,042-7,052 feet, from which were obtained the Foraminifera below listed, is from the lower part of the 

clay shale.

There are about 800 feet of Middle or Lower Jurassic 

strata, some Middle-Jurassic ammonites having been 

identified by Ralph W. Imlay. The upper one-fourth
28 FORAMINIFERA FROM THE ARCTIC SLOPE OF ALASKA

consists of medium-gray noncalcareous siltstone, with 

abundant intercalations of dark-gray clay, and the remainder consists of dark-gray micaceous clay shale, with 

streaks and lines of pyrite. The lithology is very similar to that of the Lower Jurassic of South Barrow Test 

Well 3, although slightly finer grained and somewhat 

harder. Cores were barren of Foraminifera.

Lithologic examination of the well material was made 

by Florence Rucker.

The Upper Jurassic core at 7,042-7,052 feet contained 

the following species:

Bathysiphon anomalocoelia Tappan 

Glomospira pattoni Tappan 

Involutina orbis (Lalicker) 

Haplophragmoides canui Cushman 

Ammobaculites alaskensis Tappan 

Gaudryina leffingwelli Tappan

topagorukensis Tappan 

Trochammina canningensis Tappan

topagorukensis Tappan 

Darbyella volgensis Tappan 

Lenticulina wisniowskii (Myatliuk) 

Saracenaria oxfordiana Tappan

phaedra Tappan

topagorukensis Tappan

Marginulinopsis phragmites Loeblich and Tappan 

Marginulina brevis Paalzow

pinguicula Tappan 

Rectoglandulina brandi Tappan 

Dentalina ectadia Loeblich and Tappan 

Frondicularia sp.

Lagena liasica (Kiibler and Zwingli) 

Globulina topagorukensis Tappan

COBBELATION 

JURASSIC OF NORTH AMERICA

| Very few Foraminifera of Jurassic age have been described from North America. A few Foraminifera of 

Middle and Late Jurassic age have been recorded from 

the western interior of the United States (Morey, 1931, 

Sandidge, 1933, Loeblich and Tappan, 1950a, b, and 

Lalicker, 1950), from Canada (Wickenden, 1933), and 

from western Texas (Albritton, 1937). No Foraminifera of Early Jurassic age have been described from the 

Western Hemisphere to date, other than the two Alaska 

species described by the writer in advance of the present 

report (Tappan, 1951a, Loeblich and Tappan, 1952).

Morey (1931, p. 327) first recorded Foraminifera of 

Jurassic age from the Sundance formation of Wyoming. 

He recorded Clavulina, Robulus, Nodosaria, Frondicularia, Globigerina, and one unidentified genus, but none 

were described or figured.

Sandidge (1933, p. 174) described a nodosarid foraminiferal fauna from Montana, also from the Sundance 

formation. Twelve species were described, figured, and 

referred to European species, and the strata were correlated with the French Bajocian.

Wickenden (1933, p. 157) described 28 species from 

samples of Jurassic age from three wells in Saskatchewan 

and Alberta. He compared them to species described 

from the Dogger of central Europe and the French 

Bajocian, and also stated that the fauna was similar 

in age and character to that described by Sandidge. 

Slightly more than half of the species belonged to the 

Nodosariidae.

Loeblich and Tappan (1950a) described a Late Jurassic (Oxfordian) fauna from South Dakota, containing 

56 species, most (about 80 percent) being nodosarids, 

although seven other families were also represented, the 

Reophacidae, Lituolidae, Verneuilinidae, Miliolidae, 

Trochamminidae, Polymorphinidae, and Spirillinidae. 

Most of the species are calcareous, but some of these 

were very rare, and some of the arenaceous species were 

extremely abundant.

The second paper in the series (Loeblich and Tappan, 

1950b) described a slightly older fauna, of Callovian 

(earliest Late Jurassic) age, from Wyoming, Montana, 

and North Dakota. Of 22 species described in this 

fauna, all but three are nodosarids, and the rest are 

members of the Ammodiscidae (=Tolypamminidae), 

Lituolidae, and Spirillinidae.

Lalicker (1950) described the Foraminifera from the 

type locality of the Ellis group in Montana, which 

includes strata of Bathonian, Callovian, and Oxfordian 

age. Most of the species were found in the Bathonian, 

a few from the Callovian, but the Oxfordian was found 

to be barren in this region. Most of the species recorded here also are Nodosariidae and Polymorphinidae, 

and a single species each represented the Ammodiscidae 

(=Tolypamminidae), Lituolidae, Ophthalmidiidae, and 

Rotaliidae to complete the fauna of 39 species.

Two Alaska species of Early Jurassic age were 

described by the writer (Tappan, 1951a) among 

"index species" for the various north Alaska strata, 

and were later illustrated in a preliminary report on 

the geology of the Arctic Slope (Payne and others, 

1952).

In addition to the Jurassic of the western interior of 

the United States and Canada and'that of Alaska, 

marine Jurassic strata have also been found in the 

Gulf Region of the United States and Mexico. This 

section is of Late Jurassic age, but represents an 

invasion of the sea from the south and is not very 

closely related to the northern rocks of Jurassic age. 

No Foraminifera have yet been described from the 

subsurface strata of Jurassic age found in Arkansas, 

Texas, Mississippi, and Alabama, but two species of 

Robidus were described by Albritton (1937) from the 

outcropping Malone formation (Upper Jurassic) of 

western Texas.
JURASSIC FORAMINIFERA 29

All Foraminifera described from the Jurassic of 

North America, exclusive of Alaska, are thus of Middle 

or Late Jurassic age. The following table (fig. 8) 

shows the relationship of the Jurassic strata of North 

America, from which Foraminifera have been recorded.

GERMAN LIAS

Bartenstein and Brand (1937) made a thorough 

study of the German Lias and Dogger, Brand discussing the micropaleontology of the Lias and Bartenstein the fauna of the Dogger. They zoned the 

German Jurassic on the basis of the Foraminifera, and 

as there is a fair agreement between their results and 

the foraminiferal ranges in South Barrow Test Well 

3, a comparison is made of the faunal zones. The 

German Lias is usually subdivided into six zones, to 

which Greek letters have been applied. The correlation table of figure 9 shows the relationship of these 

German zones to the European stage names commonly 

used.

European

stages

West-central

and

north-central 

Montana

South-central

and southern

Montana

Wyoming

South Dakota

nd northeastern

Wyoming

West 

Texas

Southern 

United States 

(subsurface)

Southern 

Manitoba and 

Saskatchewan

Northern 

Alaska

Malone

formation

(5)

Cotton Valley 

formation 

or group

Kimmeridgian

Morrison 

formation

Morrison 

formation

Bajocian

Swift

for mat ic

(2)

Sundanc

formatio

(2, 3)

Redwater

shale member

(4)

Hulett sandstone member

Stockade Beaver shale membe

Canyon Springs sandstone membe

Sawtooth

formation

(I)

Fliensbachian

Hettangian

Piper 

formatio

"Gypsum

Spring"

formatior

Gypsum Spring formation

Eagle Mills 

formation

Jurassic

(subsurface)

(6)

« O

t!

FIQUBB 8.—Correlation of strata of Jurassic age of North America, from which Foraminifera have been described, by (1) Lalicker, 1950; (2) Loeblich and Tappan, 

1950b; (3) Sandidge, 1933; (4) Loeblich and Tappan, 1950a; (5) Albritton, 1937; (6) Wickenden, 1933; and (7) Tappan, 1952. In part after Imlay, 1943 and 1948.
30 FORAMINIFERA FROM THE ARCTIC SLOPE OF ALASKA

Beginning at the base of the section, Lias a. has three 

faunal subzones, the Psilonoten Stufe, the Schlotheimia 

Stufe, and the Arieten Stufe.

The Psilonoten Stufe contains the following species 

that also occur in Alaska:

Reophax dentaliniformis Brady (-R. liasica Franke) 

Cristellaria (Astacolus) prima d'Orbigny ( = Lenticulina prima

(d'Orbigny))

(Lenticulina) varians Bornemann (=L. varians (Bornemann)) 

Marginulina radiata Terquem 

Vaginulina curva Franke 

Dentalina communis d'Orbigny ( — Dentalina pseudocommunis

Franke) 

Eoguttulina liassica (Strickland)

Upper Jurassic

'8

2

1

s.

Jurassic Lower 

European 

stages

Portlandian

c Bononian

•a 

^ Havrian

1 ———————

S. Sequanian.

g Argovian

o Divesian

Callovian

Bathonian

Bajocian

Toarcian

Pliensbachian

Smemurian

Hettangian

England

Purbeck beds

Portland beds

Kimmendge 

clay

Corallian 

beds

Oxford clay

Kellaways

Corn brash

Great Oolite

Inferior Oolite

Upper Lias

Middle Lias

Lower Lias

Germany

Malm

Dogger

f

8

Y

"

Alaska

Subsurface

Topagoruk well test1

1

c

E 

m

SiksikpukNanushuk 

Rivers area

Amelia 

concentrica

Inoctramtu 

Parkinsontii

Pstxidolioceras

CanningShaviovik 

Rivers area

Avcella 

concetJrica 

and 

Amoftoceraf

Costnoceras 

Arcticoceras

Iruxiramu* 

hteifer

Pseudelioceras

Pentaerinus 

fubangularis v 

alaskc,

FIGURE 9.—North Alaskan Jurassic correlation table, showing ammonite zones and 

the equivalent European stages.

The ScHotheimia Stufe contains the following species 

that are also found in Alaska: 

Reophax scorpiurus Montfort (=R. suevica Franke) 

Trochammina globigeriniformis Parker and Jones (=T. canningensis Tappan) 

Cristellaria (Lenticulina) varians Bornemann (— L. varians

(Bornemann)) 

Marginulina prima d'Orbigny

radiata Terquem

Nodosaria mitis (Terquem and Berthelin) 

Dentalina communis (d'Orbigny (=D. psuedocommunis Franke)

terquemi d'Orbigny 

Eoguttulina liassica (Strickland)

The Arieten beds contained the following species 

that are also found in Alaska:

Ammodiscus incertus d'Orbigny ( = Involutina silicea Terquem) 

Ammobaculites agglutinans (d'Orbigny) ( = A. alaskensis Tappan) 

Trochammina nana (Brady) (-T. gryci Tappan) 

Cristellaria (Astacolus) prima d'Orbigny (= Lenticulina prima 

(d'Orbigny))

(Lenticulina) varians Bornemann (=L. varians (Bornemann)) 

Marginulina prima d'Orbigny

radiata Terquem

Nodosaria mitis (Terquem and Berthelin) 

Dentalina communis d'Orbigny (-D. pseudocommunis Franke)

exilis Franke

tortilis Franke

Frondicularia baueri Burbach 

Eoguttulina liassica (Strickland)

Lias /? is divided into three subzones, which from the 

base upward are called the Planicosta, Bifer, and 

Raricostatum subzones. Of these, the Bifer and 

Raricostatum subzones were not represented in the 

material studied by Bartenstein and Brand, but the 

Planicosta subzone contains the following species that 

are also found in Alaska: 

Jaculella liassica Brand (-J. elliptica (Deecke)) 

Ammodiscus incertus d'Orbigny ( = Involutina silicea Terquem) 

Lituotuba incerta Franke ( = L. irregularis Tappan) 

Reophax dentaliniformis (Brady) (=R. liasica Franke) 

Cristellaria (Astacolus) matutina d'Orbigny (—Vaginulinopsis 

matutina (d'Orbigny))

(A.) prima d'Orbigny (= Lenticulina prima (d'Orbigny))

(Lenticulina) varians Bornemann ( — L. varians (Bornemann))

(A.) quadricostata (Terquem) (—Marginulina quadricostata

Terquem) 

Marginulina prima d'Orbigny

sherborni Franke (= Vaginulina sherborni (Franke)) 

Nodosaria mitis (Terquem and Berthelin)

regularis Terquem

Dentalina communis (d'Orbigny) ( — D. pseudocommunis Franke) 

Pseudoglandulina multicostata (Bornemann) (= Rectoglandulina

multicostata (Bornemann)) 

Frondicularia baueri Burbach

terquemi d'Orbigny

Lagena globosa (Montagu) ( — L. aphela Tappan) 

Eoguttulina liassica (Strickland)

Lias 7 was also divided into three subzones; from the 

base upward they are the Jamesoni, Centaurus, and 

Capricornu zones.

Alaska species that were recorded from the Jamesoni 

zone include:

Ammodiscus incertus d'Orbigny (=Involutina silicea Terquem) 

Cristellaria (Astacolus) prima d'Orbigny (—Lenticulina prima 

(d'Orbigny))

(Lenticulina) varians Bornemann ( — L. varians (Bornemann) 

Marginulina prima d'Orbigny

sherborni Franke (= Vaginulina sherborni (Franke)) 

Dentalina communis (d'Orbigny) ( = D. pseudocommunis Franke)

exilis Franke

terquemi d'Orbigny 

Frondicularia baueri Burbach

terquemi d'Orbigny 

Eoguttulina liassica (Strickland)
JURASSIC FORAMINIFERA 31

From the Centaurus zone were recorded the following 

species that also occur in Alaska:

Ammodiscus incertus d'Orbigny (=Involutina silicea Terquem) 

Cristellaria (Astacolus) prima d'Orbigny ( = Lenticulina prima 

(d'Orbigny))

(Lenticulina) varians Bornemann ( = L. varians (Bornemann)) 

Marginulina prima d'Orbigny 

Nodosaria regularis Terquem 

Dentalina communis d'Orbigny (-D. pseudocommunis Franke)

tenuistriata Terquem

terquemi d'Orbigny

tortilis Franke 

Pseudoglandulina oviformis (Terquem) ( = Rectoglandulina oviformis (Terquem)) 

Frondicularia baueri Burbach

terquemi d'Orbigny

Lagena globosa (Montagu) ( — L. aphela Tappan) 

Eoguttulina liassica (Strickland)

The Capricornu zone contains the following species 

here recorded from Alaska:

Jaculella liassica Brand (==/. elliptica (Deecke)) 

Ammodiscus incertus d'0rbigny( = Involutina silicea Terquem) 

Reophax scorpiurus Montfort ( — R. suevica Franke) 

Ammobaculites agglutinans (d'Orbigny) (=A. alaskensis Tappan) 

Cristellaria (Astacolus) prima d'Orbigny ( — Lenticulina prima 

(d'Orbigny))

(Lenticulina) varians Bornemann ( = L. varians (Bornemann)) 

Marginulina prima d'Orbigny

sherborni Franke (—Vaginulina sherborni (Franke)) 

Nodosaria mitis (Terquem and Berthelin)

regularis Terquem 

Dentalina communis d'Orbigny ( = D. psuedocommunis Franke)

sublinearis Franke (=D. bartensteini Tappan)

tenuistriata Terquem

terquemi d'Orbigny

Pseudoglandulina multicostata (Bornemann) ( — Rectoglandulina 

multicostata (Bornemann))

oviformis (Terquem) (=Rectoglandulina oviformis (Terquem)) 

Frondicularia baueri Burbach

terquemi d'Orbigny

Lagena globosa (Montagu) (=L. aphela Tappan) 

Eoguttulina liassica (Strickland)

Lias 8 is divided into the Margaritatus and overlying 

Spinatus zones. The Margaritatus zone contains the 

following Foraminifera, also found in Alaska:

Jaculella liassica Brand ( = /. elliptica (Deecke)) 

Ammodiscus incertus d'Orbigny (=Involutina silicea Terquem) 

Cristellaria (Astacolus) prima d'Orbigny ( — Lenticulina prima 

(d'Orbigny))

(Lenticulina) varians Bornemann (=L. varians (Bornemann)) 

Marginulina prima d'Orbigny

spinata interrupta Terquem (=M. interrupta Terquem) 

Nodosaria hirsuta d'Orbigny (-N. apheilolocula Tappan)

mitis (Terquem and Berthelin)

regularis Terquem 

Dentalina communis (d'Orbigny) (-D. psuedocommunis Franke)

terquemi d'Orbigny

Pseudoglandulina oviformis (Terquem) ( — Rectoglandulina oviformis (Terquem)) 

Frondicularia baueri Burbach

terquemi d'Orbigny

Lagena globosa (Montagu) (=L. aphela Tappan) 

Eoguttulina liassica (Strickland)

The Spinatus zone had the following species in common with Alaska:

Ammodiscus incertus d'Orbigny ( = Involutina silicea Terquem) 

Marginulina sherborni Franke (= Vaginulina sherborni (Franke)) 

Nodosaria prima d'Orbigny 

Dentalina communis d'Orbigny ( = D. pseudocommunis Franke)

tenuistriata Terquem 

Frondicularia terquemi d'Orbigny 

Eoguttulina liassica (Strickland)

Lias f comprises the Posidonien-schiefer and contains 

the following:

Dentalina communis (d'Orbigny) ( = D. pseudocommunis Franke) 

Eoguttulina liassica (Strickland)

Lias £ is synonymous with the Jurensis-Stufe and 

contains the following Foraminifera also found in 

Alaska:

Ammodiscus incertus d'Orbigny ( = Involutina silicea Terquem) 

Cristellaria (Lenticulina) varians Bornemann (-L. varians

(Bornemann))

Nodosaria regularis Terquem 

Eoguttulina liassica (Strickland)

The Alaskan sequence in the Barrow wells thus contains 19 species found in Lias a of Germany, 18 found in 

Lias /3,22 common to Lias 7,19 found in Lias 6,2 in Lias 

e and 4 in Lias £. Some of these species range throughout the Lias and are found in all zones, but others are 

more restricted, and the large number in common 

suggests a greater similarity of the Alaska section to 

Lias 7 and 6 of Germany (the Pliensbachian), although 

the lower beds in the Barrow area probably represent 

Lias « and /3. The upper Lias contains fewer Foraminifera, both in Alaska and Germany, and the majority 

of species are long ranging.

Because the middle Jurassic of northern Alaska is 

almost barren of Foraminifera, no close correlation is 

possible with the German Dogger. On the basis of 

megafossils, only the lower portion of the Dogger is 

represented in northern Alaska.

JURASSIC OF ENGLAND AND FRANCE

Thirty-six species of Foraminifera found in Alaska 

have also been recorded from France and 18 from 

England. The work in England has been concerned 

largely with the Lower Lias, and as the most fossiliferous portion of the Jurassic system of Alaska is of 

Middle Lias and late Early Lias (Pliensbachian) age, 

only the long-ranging species are found in common. 

A report by Barnard (1950b) on Upper Lias Foraminifera, described a fauna from the "junction of the Middle 

and Upper Lias," and although a few species were 

found there that are here recorded from Alaska, the 

same time interval is represented by the less fossiliferous 

part of the section in Alaska. The similarity is thus less 

striking than that between the sections of Germany and 

Alaska where the most fossiliferous sections coincide in
32 FORAMINIFERA FROM THE ARCTIC SLOPE OF ALASKA

time, or to a lesser extent, between the section in Alaska 

and that of France. Furthermore, although very detailed foraminiferal zonation and correlation with 

ammonite zones has been possible in England, it was 

on the basis of surface sampling. Complete ammonite 

zonation is not yet possible in Alaska, as good specimens of ammonites are less common in well samples, 

and as the foraminiferal data are based on a restricted 

horizontal range, only incomplete results can be obtained. Even the generalized correlation which has 

been possible is encouraging, and it is hoped that 

future surface collections and drilling information will 

completely reveal the Jurassic zonation in Alaska.

The following species here recorded from Alaska 

have been found in Jurassic strata of England. Some 

of these have been recorded under different names, but 

the synonomy given in the systematic descriptions will 

indicate the various names that have been applied to 

each species.

Involutina aspera Terquem

silicea Terquem

Ammobaculites alaskensis Tappan 

Lenticulina prima (d'Orbigny)

varians (Bornemann) 

Marginulina interrupta Terquem

prima d'Orbigny 

Nodosaria berthelini Tappan

prima d'Orbigny 

Dentalina pseudocommunis Franke

terquemi d'Orbigny 

Rectoglandulina multicostata (Bornemann)

oviformis (Terquem) 

Vaginulina anomala Blake

curva Franke

sherborni (Franke) 

Vaginulinopsis matutina (d'Orbigny) 

Frondicularia terquemi d'Orbigny 

Eoguttulina liassica (Strickland)

The early papers of Terquem, Terquem and Berthelin, and d'Orbigny described a large number of species 

of Jurassic age from France, and many extremely minor 

variations in form, number of striae, etc., were made the 

basis for a multitude of names. Some of these have 

since been placed in synonomy by later workers, and a 

restudy of the types or of topotype material if the types 

are no longer in existence, will undoubtedly show that 

many more are synonymous. From an examination of 

the literature, the following species are apparently 

identical with those recorded from France, the synonymy under each species in the systematic part of 

this paper giving the name to which it was there 

referred.

Involutina aspera Terquem

silicea Terquem 

Lituotuba irregularis Tappan

Haplophragmoides canui Cushman 

Ammobaculites fontinensis (Terquem)

vetusta (Terquem and Bertheliri) 

Dorothia? squamosa (Terquem and Bertheliri) 

Lenticulina excavata (Terquem)

prima (d'Orbigny)

toarcense Payard

varians (Bornemann) 

Astacolus arietis (Terquem) 

Marginulina breviformis (Terquem and Bertheliri)

demissa (Terquem and Bertheliri)

interrupta Terquem

prima d'Orbigny

quadricostata Terquem

radiata Terquem

utricula Terquem and Berthelin 

Nodosaria apheilolocula Tappan

berthelini Tappan

mitis (Terquem and Bertheliri)

prima d'Orbigny

radiata (Terquem)

regularis Terquem

vermicularis (Terquem) 

Rectoglandulina oviformis (Terquem)

turbinata (Terquem and Bertheliri) 

Dentalina pseudocommunis Franke

tenuistriata Terquem

terquemi d'Orbigny 

Vaginulinopsis matutina (d'Orbigny) 

Citharina fallax (Payard)

frankei Tappan 

Frondicularia squamosa Terquem and Berthelin

terquemi d'Orbigny 

Lagena liasica (Kubler and Zwingli) 

Eoguttulina metensis (Terquem) 

Paleopolymorphina vagina (Terquem)

CHARACTERISTICS OP THE] JURASSIC FAUNA OP 

ALASKA

Of the 111 species of Foraminifera described from the 

Jurassic system of northern Alaska, 83 species were 

found in the Lower Jurassic of South Barrow Test 

Well 3, and 28 species in the other wells and outcrop 

sections representing strata of Early and Late Jurassic 

age. The Liassic fauna thus affords an excellent 

basis for comparison with other Mesozoic faunas. 

It differs from that of the underlying Triassic rocks 

largely in being more abundant and more varied. 

The most notable change is the great expansion of the 

Nodosariidae, a feature everywhere characteristic of 

the Jurassic. Although the Triassic fauna of Alaska 

includes about 50 percent of species of the Nodosariidae, 

only seven genera were represented, as compared to 

16 genera of this family in the Jurassic of Alaska.

The arenaceous species show a greater variety, and 

a few additional genera are represented that become 

increasingly important in strata of later Mesozoic age. 

Such a form is Triplasia (the present species being the 

oldest known member of the genus) which reached a
JURASSIC FORAMINIFERA 33

climax and was particularly abundant during Cretaceous time in the Gulf Region, with a few remnant 

species occurring even to the present seas. Dorothia 

also makes its first appearance during Jurassic time.

The number of species of Foraminifera expanded 

greatly in Early Jurassic time from the number present 

in Late Triassic, for the Shublik formation contained 

a total of 26 species, and the overlying lower Kingak 

shale, with 83 species, had more than three times as 

many. This upsurge in fauna was not immediate, 

however, for even in South Barrow Test Well 3 the 

lower 400 feet of Jurassic strata contained only 37 

species, and the section from 400 to 500 feet above the 

contact shows the greatest increase and the greatest 

total number of species. This is in the Amaltheus 

zone (upper Pliensbachian), and equivalent to the 

margaritatus zone of the Lias 8 of Germany. A similar 

increase in fauna was noted in Germany by Bartenstein 

and Brand (1937), for Lias a had very few species, 

with a progressive increase in number of species 

occurring throughout Lias ft, 7, and 5, with by far the 

greatest variety of species in Lias 7 and 5. The 

uppermost Lias shows a slight decrease in variety and 

quantity, both in Germany and in the Alaskan section.

Another feature of the fauna of Lower Jurassic rocks 

is the greater amount of surface ornamentation of the 

species than was found in Foraminifera of the Upper 

Triassic strata. Although smooth and unornamented 

species are found in all strata, from the earliest occurrence of each genus to the Recent seas, they are much 

more frequent in the older beds. Only four of the 

Nodosariidae from Triassic rocks of northern Alaska had 

any type of ornamentation, and then only such minor 

features as low ribs, weak striae, or faint median 

sulcus. In the fauna of Jurassic age, many species 

developed strong keels, some became spinose, ribs were 

more sharply elevated, and in some the entire wall was 

hispid. Barnard (1950a) demonstrated a definite 

evolutionary trend in the development of ornamentation among the Frondicularia of the English Lias. 

He stated that the many-ribbed species (the Frondicularia sulcata group, which would include such species 

as F. squamosa) occurred earlier in the Lias, with a 

progressive reduction in the number of ribs in later 

beds, and the smooth or nearly smooth species occurring latest (such as F. terquemi}. This zonation 

was very marked in fossils of Jurassic age from England, 

but does not hold true in Alaska, for F. terquemi and 

F. squamosa coincide in range and only F. lustrata 

(which is intermediate between the other two in number 

of ribs) is found in younger strata. Possibly the complete ranges are not as yet known, however, as these

are based on a single well, and additional information 

may show a greater degree of correlation.

A prominent characteristic of the family Nodosariidae 

is the radiate aperture found in most genera. According to Barnard (1950a, p. 391).

The Lias species were not so clearly differentiated as modern 

forms; many characters were certainly in a less developed stage. 

The radiate aperture, cited as a characteristic of the Lagenidae, 

was present in only comparatively few lower Jurassic Foraminifera, Some of the forms with circular apertures, however, 

could be accounted for by the resorption of the radiate aperture 

at the end of the apertural chamberlet, leaving a circular aperture 

beneath.

This absence of a radiate aperture is not a feature of 

the species from Lower Jurassic rocks in Alaska, as 

most of them have extremely well developed radiate 

apertures, as can be seen on the figures. Possibly the 

apparent absence of a radiate aperture in many of the 

earlier nodosarids is due to resorption, as Barnard stated, and as he demonstrated in certain species, but it 

seems probable to the present writer that in many Jurassic nodosarids this absence is due either to poor preservation or lack of observation. Nodosarids with radiate 

apertures have been found in strata as early as the Permian, and a few of the Triassic species of Alaska showed 

distinct radiate apertures. In these Triassic species 

poor preservation obscured many apertural details, 

however, as some were represented only by pyritic 

casts. Various other authors recently have also shown 

definite radiate apertures on Liassic nodosarids (Bartenstein and Brand figure some of these), but many of the 

older papers described and illustrated the species of 

Jurassic age in such an ambiguous fashion that there 

is no indication whatever as to the apertual characters. 

It is only in recent years that attention has been focused 

upon the aperture (or upon wall structure, internal 

characteristics, and other features), and many early 

descriptions failed to include characters now considered 

to be of major importance. Restudy of these species 

may show radiate apertures to be much more prevalent 

than would be assumed by an examination of the 

literature.

In addition to the rapid increase in number, variety, 

and ornamentation of foraminiferal species, another 

characteristic of Jurassic Foraminifera, as compared to 

both earlier and later faunas, is the wide degree of 

variation found in a single species. It is therefore 

particularly important that Jurassic species be based 

whenever possible upon a suite of specimens rather than 

upon a single "type." If a small number of specimens are studied, probably two or three times as many 

"species" could be described from the same fauna, 

using the end members of the variations as "species,"
34 FORAMINIFERA FROM THE ARCTIC SLOPE OF ALASKA

and this has undoubtedly been done in some of the 

older publications. However, when large suites are 

examined, all gradations between these end members 

can be found, and the number of apparent species is 

reduced considerably. Actually, an informal statistical 

analysis must be made for each group of specimens. 

Although no graphs were constructed (the abundance 

of specimens of Foraminifera makes this a problem of 

almost prohibitive magnitude), it can be seen at a 

glance that the number of chambers varies between 

certain limits, as do the size, the various proportions, 

and even the amount of ornamentation. All these 

factors and their degree of variation should be shown 

in each specific description. When a series of specimens such as is illustrated for Ammobaculites alaskensis 

Tappan, Vaginulina curva Franke, or Marginulina 

bergquisti Tappan, is compared with a single figure, or 

a description based on a single specimen, it is easy to 

see why varied synonymies develop. Certain specimens 

of Vaginulina curva might by themselves be referred to 

Astacolus, and others to Marginulina, but a study of 

the entire suite reveals that the species is best referred 

to Vaginulina. Other species grade from Nodosaria 

into Marginulina, or to Dentalina or even Rectoglandulina, so not only could more than one species be described on variations of these Jurassic forms, but many 

could likewise be as readily referred to one genus as to 

another. Many of the nodosarid genera first appeared 

in Jurassic time, and apparently were not as yet completely stable in their characteristics.

The present paper is illustrated by large numbers of 

figures of many of these most variable species, and in 

addition, many paratypes and hypotypes have been 

mounted and catalogued, so that one can readily see 

which features were considered to be characteristic of 

each species. Measurements are given for the type 

specimens, as is usual in specific descriptions, but in 

addition, upper and lower size limits are given for each 

species possible, a feature which has often been neglected 

in foraminiferal studies of recent years.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This study was made possible only by the full cooperation of the geologists of the Navy Oil Unit of the U. S. 

Geological Survey. Only those aiding in the present 

section of the report are mentioned here, and a more 

complete list of persons who have assisted the writer is 

given in the first section of this report (Tappan, 1951b).

Aid was given in obtaining material and information 

about the outcrops and well sections by Ralph L. 

Miller, chief of Fuels Branch and formerly Geologist in 

charge, Navy Oil Unit; George Gryc, present chief, 

Navy Oil Unit; and Thomas G. Roberts, formerly

geologist in charge of the Fairbanks laboratory, Navy 

Oil Unit, U. S. Geological Survey. Harlan R. Bergquist, 

micropaleontologist, Fairbanks laboratory, first discovered the Jurassic fauna in the well sections, and also 

in some of the outcrop areas. The rocks of Jurassic 

age of the Siksikpuk-Nanushuk Rivers area were first 

recognized as such by Dr. Bergquist after a comparison 

with subsurface material, and the correlation was later 

substantiated by field studies.

Although it was stated in the first section of this 

report (Tappan, 1951b) that "all outcrop material and 

well samples used in this study were obtained prior 

to 1950," some later material has since been added, as 

the Jurassic samples of the Siksikpuk-Nanushuk 

Rivers area were collected during the summer of 1950, 

and the Jurassic samples from Topagoruk Test Well 1 

were obtained during the winter of 1950-51. As these 

two areas contain a Middle and Upper Jurassic section 

not represented in earlier collections, it was deemed 

advisable to add their faunas to the present study.

The Jurassic microfossil samples were collected and 

stratigraphic sections measured during the geologic 

mapping from 1947 through 1950 by George Gryc, A. 

Samuel Keller, Marvin D. Mangus, William W. 

Patton, Edward G. Sable, and Charles L. Whittington.

Lithologic examination of the well samples was made 

by A. Samuel Keller and Miss Florence Rucker. 

Identification of ammonite faunas by Ralph W. Imlay 

aided greatly in the zonation and correlation of Alaskan 

Jurassic rocks. All samples used in this study have 

been washed and picked in Washington by Alfred R. 

Loeblich, Jr., and the writer, portions of the unwashed 

samples and cores having been supplied from the 

Fairbanks Laboratory for that purpose.

For European Jurassic material used in comparison 

with that of Alaska, I am indebted to Dr. Tom Barnard 

of the University College, London, who sent a series of 

specimens from the Lower Lias of England; to Dr. W. 

A. Macfadyen, Kent, England, who sent Jurassic 

samples from England and to Dr. Helmut Bartenstein, 

Celle, Germany, who sent Jurassic microfossil samples 

from Germany. This European material has been 

extremely valuable for comparisons in the present 

study.

Acknowledgment is also made of the continued 

assistance of Alfred R. Loeblich, Jr., in the preparation of material for study, and in the preparation of 

the manuscript and illustrations. All illustrations of 

Foraminifera are shaded camera-lucida drawings by 

the writer. All figured specimens and numerous additional paratypes and hypotypes are deposited in the-. 

U. S. National Museum.
JURASSIC FOBAMINIFERA 35

SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS

Family RHIZAMMINIDAE

Genus BATHYSIPHON M. Sars, 1872

Bathysiphon anomalocoelia Tappan, n. sp.

Plate 7, figures 1-3

Test free, large, elongate, tubular, open at both ends, 

flattened, usually represented only by short fragments; 

wall finely arenaceous, about 0.05 mm in thickness, 

rather smoothly finished.

Length of holotype 1.85 mm, greatest breadth 0.49 

mm, greatest thickness 0.23 mm. Other specimens are 

from 0.26 to 0.78 mm in breadth.

Remarks.—This species resembles Bathysiphon vitta 

Nauss, from the Lea Park shale of Cretaceous age, of 

Alberta, in general size and shape, but has a thinner 

wall and is of somewhat greater breadth.

Types and occurrence.—Paratype of figure 3 (USNM 

P70) from a core at 2,099-2,109 feet, unfigured paratypes (USNM P71) from a core at 2,109-2,119 feet, 

unfigured paratype (USNM P72) from a core at 2,130- 

2,140 feet, holotype (fig. 2) (USNM P68) and unfigured 

paratype (USNM P75) from a core at 2,170-2,179 feet, 

all of Upper Pliensbachian age; unfigured paratypes 

(USNM P73) from a core at 2,281-2,300 feet, unfigured paratypes (USNM P74) from a core at 2,300- 

2,320 feet, paratype of figure 1 (USNM P69) from a 

core at 2,468-2,478 feet, and unfigured paratypes 

(USNM P758) from a core at 2,527-2,547 feet, all of 

Early Lias age; all from the Kingak shale of Early 

Jurassic age, in South Barrow Test Well 3, at lat 

71°09/40// N., long 156°34 /45// W., in northern Alaska.

Unfigured paratypes (USNM P751) from Upper 

Jurassic rocks about three miles east of the Siksikpuk 

River, at approximately lat 68°40' N., long 151°54/ 

W., in the foothills of the Brooks Range, in northern 

Alaska. Collected by William W. Patton, 1950.

Unfigured paratypes (USNM P763) from Upper 

Jurassic rocks (Oxfordian or Lower Kimmeridgian), 

from a core at 7,042-7,052 feet, in Topagoruk Test 

Well 1, west of Topagoruk River, at lat 70037'30" N., 

long 155°53'36" W., in the Arctic Coastal Plain, 

northern Alaska.

Unfigured paratype (USNM P1076) from Upper 

Jurassic rocks, on the west bank of Welcome Creek, 

about 6 miles upstream from its confluence with 

Kanayut River, in the headwaters of the Anaktuvuk 

River, in the foothills of the Brooks Range, northern 

Alaska. Collected by William W. Patton, 1950.

Family HYPERAMMINIDAE

Subfamily HYPERAMMININAE

Genus JACULELLA H. B. Brady, 1879

Jaculella elliptica (Deecke)

Plate 7, figures 4-6

Rhabdammina elliptica Deecke, 1884, Abh. Geol. Specialkarte 

von Elsass-Loth., v. 4, no. 1, p. 23, pi. 1, figs. 1-lb.

Jaculella liassica Brand, 1937, in Bartenstein and Brand, Abh. 

Senckenberg. Naturf. Ges., no. 439, p. 129, pi. 2B, fig. 1, 

pi. 3, figs. 4a, b, pi. 4, fig. 3, pi. 5, fig. 4, pi. 7, fig. 5.

Test free, consisting of a proloculus and elongate, 

flaring, somewhat irregular and flattened second 

chamber; wall finely arenaceous, with a roughened 

appearance; aperture at the open end of the conical 

tube.

Length of hypotype of fig. 4 is 1.04 mm, greatest 

breadth 0.26 mm, thickness 0.08 mm. Length of 

hypotype of fig. 6 is 0.81 mm.

Remarks.—This species resembles Jaculella acuta 

Brady, from the present seas, in general appearance 

and degree of flaring, but differs in being quite small, 

about one-seventh the length of Brady's species. The 

Alaskan form agrees closely with those figured by 

Brand, particularly his paratype of pi. 2B, fig. 1. 

Deecke's specimen is similar in every respect, except 

for being more coarsely arenaceous. However, as this 

character often reflects the character of the local sea 

bottom, rather than a selective feature of a species, 

the two are considered synonymous.

Types and occurrence.—Figured hypotypes (USNM 

P76a-c) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM P77), from 

the Kingak shale of Early Jurassic age from a core at 

2,341-2,356 feet, in South Barrow Test Well 2, at lat 

71°15'51.34" N., long 156°37/ 55.25// W., in northern 

Alaska.

Family REOPHACIDAE

Subfamily REOPHACINAE

Genus REOPHAX Montfort, 1808

Reophax densa Tappan, n. sp.

Plate 8, figures 1-6

Test free, large, elongate, tapering, larger specimens 

usually flattened in preservation; chambers numerous, 

as many as 13 in the microspheric forms (figs. 2-4, 6), 

increasing gradually in size from the tiny proloculus, 

only about 5 to 8 chambers in the less tapered megalospheric forms, which are nearly parallel-sided from the 

rounded proloculus, chambers low and broad, increasing 

very slowly in height as added, final chamber about 

twice the height of the preceding ones; sutures distinct, 

horizontal, constricted; wall finely to coarsely arenaceous, surface rough; aperture terminal, simple.

Length of microspheric holotype 2.00 mm, greatest 

breadth 0.68 mm, length of megalospheric paratype 

(fig. 1) 1.33 mm, greatest breadth 0.44 mm. Other 

specimens vary in length from 0.39 to 2.05 mm.

Remarks.—Reophax sundancensis Loeblich and Tappan, from Upper Jurassic rocks, resembles the megalospheric specimens (figs. 1, 5) of this species in the 

gradual tapering, rounded base and slightly inflated
36 FORAMINIFERA FROM THE ARCTIC SLOPE OF ALASKA

chambers, but is somewhat smaller in size. The microspheric generation of the present species is much larger, 

has more numerous chambers and a more tapered form 

than is found in R. sundancensis.

Types and occurrence.—Paratype of fig. 5 (USNM 

P82) and unfigured paratypes (USNM P83) from a 

core of Early Toarcian age at 1,979-1,999 feet; paratypes of figs. 2, 4, and 6 (USNM P80) and unfigured 

paratypes (USNM P81) from a core at 2,099-2,109 

feet, paratype of fig. 1 (USNM P84) and unfigured 

paratypes (USNM P85) from a core at 2,109-2,119 

feet, holotype (fig. 3) (USNM P78) and unfigured paratypes (USNM P79) from a core at 2,130-2,140 feet, 

unfigured paratypes (USNM P86) from a core at 2,140- 

2,150 feet, unfigured paratypes (USNM P87) from a 

core at 2,170-2,179 feet, all of Late Pliensbachian age; 

unfigured paratypes (USNM P88) from a core (Lower 

Lias) at 2,363-2,380 feet, and unfigured paratypes 

(USNM P757) from a core (Lower Lias) at 2,527- 2,547 

feet, all from the Kingak shale of Early Jurassic age, in 

South Barrow Test Well 3, at lat 71°09'40" N., long 

156°34'45" W., in northern Alaska.

Unfigured paratypes (USNM P89) from a core at 

2,341-2,356 feet in the Kingak shale of Early Jurassic 

age in South Barrow Test Well 2, at lat 71°15'51.34" 

N., long 156°37'55.25" W., in northern Alaska.

Reophax liasica Franke 

Plate 7, figures 15-19

Reophax scorpiurus Montfort f. liasica Franke, 1936, Abh.

Preuss. Geol. Landesanstalt, Neue Folge, v. 169, p. 19, pi. 1,

fig. 18. 

Reophax dentaliniformis Brady, Bartenstein and Brand, 1937

(not Brady, 1881), Abh. Senekenberg. Naturforseh. Gesell.

v. 439, p. 133, pi. 1A, fig. 4, pi. IB, figs. 4-13, pi. 14A, figs, la,

b, pi. 14B, fig. 1, pi. 15A, figs. 5a-c.

Test free, of medium size, elongate, uniserial, with 

slightly curved axis; two to four chambers, increasing 

rapidly in size as added, final chamber pyriform in outline, widest near the base, tapering to a distinct neck, 

final chamber comprises % to % the length of the test; 

sutures distinct, constricted, horizontal; wall finely 

arenaceous, surface smoothly finished; aperture terminal, rounded.

Length of hypotype of fig. 15, 0.42 mm, greatest 

breadth 0.13 mm. Length of hypotype of fig. 17, 0.78 

mm, greatest breadth 0.34 mm. Length of hypotype 

of fig. 18, 0.70 mm, greatest breadth 0.23 mm. Other 

specimens are from 0.34 to 1.20 mm. in length.

Remarks.—This species differs from Reophax scorpiurus Montfort in being somewhat smaller but much 

more robust, thicker, less tapering, with fewer chambers, 

more rounded base, pyriform final chamber and broader 

and thicker neck, and is certainly sufficiently different 

to be considered a distinct species, rather than a variety.

The specimens referred to R. dentaliniformis Brady 

by Bartenstein and Brand are also closer to the Alaskan 

forms than to Brady's form, or to that referred to R. 

dentaliniformis by Franke, and here placed under R. 

suevica Franke.

Reophax liasica Franke is also similar to R. deckeri 

Tappan from the Lower Cretaceous series, in the rapidly 

enlarging pyriform chambers and slightly curved test, 

but is larger, has fewer chambers and a more rapid increase in chamber size. It differs from Reophax suevica 

Franke in being smaller, less tapering, in having fewer 

chambers and a less coarsely arenaceous wall.

Types and occurrence.—Unfigured hypotypes (USNM 

P96) from a core at 1,743-1,748 feet, unfigured hypotypes (USNM P97) from a core at 1,999-2,018 feet, 

unfigured hypotypes (USNM P98) from a core at 

2,018-2,028 feet, hypotypes of figs. 15, 16, and 19 

(USNM P92a-c) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM 

P93) from a core at 2,028-2048 feet, unfigured 

hypotypes (USNM P99) from a core at 2,048-2,068 

feet, all of Early Toarcian age; unfigured hypotypes 

(USNM Pi00) from a core at 2,068-2,078 feet, hypotype of fig. 18 (USNM P90) and unfigured hypotypes 

(USNM P91) from a core at 2,109-2,119 feet, unfigured 

hypotypes (USNM PlOl) from a core at 2,130-2,140 

feet, unfigured hypotypes (USNM Pi02) from a core at 

2,150-2,160 feet, all of Late Pliensbachian age; unfigured hypotypes (USNM P1Q3) from a core (Lower Lias) 

at 2,199-2,218 feet, hypotype of fig. 17 (USNM P94) 

and unfigured hypotypes (USNM P95) from a core 

(Lower Lias) at 2,231-2,251 feet; all from the Kingat 

shale of Early Jurassic age in South Barrow Test Well 

3, at lat 71°09'40" N., long 156°34'45" W., in northern 

Alaska.

Reophax metensis Franke

Plate 7, figures 11-14

Reophax metensis Franke, 1936, Abh. Preuss. Geol. Landesanst., 

Neue Folge, v. 169, p. 19, pi. 1, figs. 17a, b; Bartenstein and 

Brand, 1937, Abh. Senekenberg. Naturforseh. Gesell., v. 439, 

p. 133, pi. 10, fig. 8, pi. 13, figs, la-b, 4.

Test free, large, elongate; two or three large rounded 

chambers, in a straight or slightly curved uniserial arrangement, increasing rapidly in size as added, final 

chamber pyriform in outline, widest near the base and 

tapering to a distinct neck, final chamber occupying 

Yz to % the length of the test; sutures distinct, constricted, straight; wall coarsely arenaceous, surface 

rough, probably with a chitinous lining, as many of the 

larger tests are flattened in preservation but not 

crushed; aperture terminal on the elongate neck, 

rounded to elongate.

Length of hypotype of fig. 11, 1.30 mm, breadth 0.68 

mm. Length of hypotype of fig. 13, 2.03 mm, greatest 

breadth 0.88 mm. Length of hypotype of fig. 14, 1.95
JUKASSIC FORAMINIFERA 37

mm, breadth 0.99 mm. Other specimens are from 0.60 

to 2.05 mm in length.

Remarks.—This species differs from Reophax liasica 

Franke in being larger, the final chamber more inflated, 

and the wall more coarsely arenaceous, and roughened 

in appearance. It differs from Reophax deckeri Tappan, 

from the Lower Cretaceous series, in the larger size, 

and fewer and more rapidly enlarging chambers.

Types and occurrence.—Unfigured hypotypes (USNM 

PI 10) from a core at 1,739-1,743 feet, unfigured hypotypes (USNM Pill) from a core at 1,999-2,018 feet, 

unfigured hypotypes (USNM PI 12) from a core at 

2,028-2,048 feet, unfigured hypotypes (USNM Pi 13) 

from a core at 2,048-2,068 feet, all of Lower Toarcian 

age; unfigured hypotypes (USNM Pi 14) from a core 

at 2,068-2,078 feet, unfigured hypotypes (USNM Pi 15) 

from a core at 2,099-2,109 feet, unfigured hypotypes 

(USNM P116) from a core at 2,109-2,119 feet, unfigured 

hypotypes (USNM P117) from a core at 2,130-2,140 

feet, unfigured hypotypes (USNM Pi 18) from a core 

at 2,140-2,150 feet, unfigured hypotypes (USNM P119) 

from a core at 2,150-2,170 feet, hypotype of figure 12 

(USNM P108) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM P109) 

from a core at 2,170-2,179 feet, all of Upper Pliensbachian age; hypotype of fig. 11 (USNM P106) and 

unfigured hypotypes (USNM PI 07) from a core at 

2,199-2,218 feet, unfigured hypotypes (USNM P120) 

from a core at 2,251-2,271 feet, unfigured hypotypes 

(USNM P121) from a core at 2,271-2,281 feet, unfigured hypotypes (USNM P122) from a core at 2,281- 

2,300 feet, unfigured hypotypes (USNM P123) from a 

core at 2,300-2,320 feet, hypotype of fig. 13 (USNM 

PI04) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM Pi05) from 

a core at 2,511-2,527 feet, and unfigured hypotypes 

(USNM P756) from a core at 2,527-2,547 feet, all from 

the Lower Lias; in the Kingak shale of Early Jurassic 

age in South Barrow Test Well 3, at lat 71°09'40" N., 

long 156°34'45" W., in northern Alaska.

Hypotype of fig. 14 (USNM P124) and unfigured 

hypotypes (USNM P125) from a core at 2,341-2,356 

feet, in the Kingak shale of Early Jurassic age in 

South Barrow Test Well 2, at lat 71°15/51.34// N., long 

156°37'55.25" W., in northern Alaska.

Reophax suevica Franke

Plate 7, figures 7-10

tteophax suevica Franke, 1936, Abh. Preuss. Geol. Landesanst.,

Neue Folge, v. 169, p. 19, pi. 1, fig. 19. 

Reophax dentaliniformis Brady, Franke, 1936 (not Brady, 1881),

Ibid., p. 19, pi. 1, fig. 20. 

Reophax dentaliniformis Brady f. liasica Franke, 1936, Ibid.,

p. 20, pi. 1, fig. 21. 

Reophax scorpiurus Montfort, Bartenstein and Brand, 1937

(part) (not Montfort, 1808), Abh. Senckenberg. Naturforsch.

Gesell., v. 439, p. 134, pi. 4, fig. 7.

Test free, of medium size, somewhat curved, tapering; 

5 to 7 uniserial chambers increasing rapidly in size, 

final chamber subpyriform, occupying % to % the length 

of the test; sutures distinct, constricted, straight; wall 

coarsely arenaceous, surface rough; aperture terminal, 

rounded, produced on a slight neck.

Length of hypotype of fig. 7, 1.30 mm, greatest 

breadth 0.34 mm, greatest thickness 0.21 mm. Other 

specimens vary from 0.55 to 1.30 mm. in length.

Remarks.—Franke described three species of Reophax 

under separate names, but all appear to be variations 

of a single species. His holotype of R. suevica is similar 

to the specimen here shown in fig. 10, and the specimens 

he referred to R. dentaliniformis and forma liasica 

are similar to the specimens here shown in figs. 8 and 9. 

The synonymy is somewhat complicated by the fact 

that Franke himself made a homonym of his R. dentaliniformis f. liasica, by proposing in the same publication and on an earlier page the species R. scorpiurus f. 

liasica, which thus takes priority.

It seems extremely unlikely that the species R. 

dentaliniformis, or any species in the biologic sense, 

could occur at such different tunes as the Early Jurassic 

and the Kecent, a'nd not be found in strata of intermediate ages. Furthermore, the Jurassic form differs 

from the Recent species in having somewhat broader 

and more pyriform chambers, a more curved test, 

coarser grained and more roughly finished wall, and a 

thicker neck.

Franke's holotype of R. suevica lies within the median 

size range of the species, as determined by the abundant 

assemblage in Alaska. It also takes priority over the 

other names which he used, as it occurs earlier in the 

publication.

The specimens referred to R. dentaliniformis by 

Bartenstein and Brand seem closer to the species Franke 

referred to R. scorpiurus f. liasica, and which is here 

considered to be R. liasica Franke. The specimen 

referred to R. scorpiurus by Bartenstein and Brand 

(1937, pi. 4, fig. 7) is very close in appearance to the 

Alaskan specimens of figs. 7 and 8.

Reophax suevica Franke differs from R. liasica Franke 

in the more slender test, more numerous chambers, less 

rapid increase in chamber size, higher 'early chambers 

and more coarsely arenaceous wall.

Types and occurrence.—Hypotypes of figs. 7-9 

(USNM P126a-c) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM 

P127) all from a core in Lower Jurassic rocks, at 

2,341-2,356 feet, in South Barrow Test Well 2, at lat 

71°15/ 51.34// N., long 156°37'55.25" W., in northern 

Alaska.

Unfigured hypotypes (USNM PI30) from a core at 

1,743-1,748 feet, unfigured hypotypes (USNM P131)
38 FOKAMINIFERA FROM THE ARCTIC SLOPE OF ALASKA

from a core at 1,758-1,778 feet, from the Lower Toarcian; hypotype of fig. 10 (USNM P128) and unfigured 

hypotypes (USNM P129) from a core at 2,170-2,179 

feet from the Upper Pliensbachian, and unfigured 

hypotypes (USNM P132) from a core at 2,251-2,271 

feet, unfigured hypotypes (USNM PI33) from a core 

at 2,300-2,320 feet, unfigured hypotypes (USNM P134) 

from a core at 2,511-2,527 feet, and unfigured hypotypes 

(USNM P753) from a core at 2,527-2,547 feet, all from 

the Lower Lias, in the Kingak shale of Early Jurassic 

age in South Barrow Test Well 3, at lat 71°09 /40// N., 

long 156°34'45'' W., in northern Alaska.

Unfigured hypotypes (USNM Pi35) from Lower 

Jurassic rocks in a core at 6,067-6,077 feet, in Simpson 

Test Well 1, at lat 70°57/05// N., long 155°21'45" W., 

west of Cape Simpson in northern Alaska.

Family TOLYPAMMINIDAE

Subfamily INVOLUTININAE

Genus INVOLUTINA Terquem, 1862

Involutina aspera Terquem

Plate 8, figures 10-13

Involutina aspera Terquem, 1863, Me'm. Acad. Imp. Metz, v. 44,

p. 431 (221), pi. 10, figs. 21a-b. 

not Ammodiscus asper Macfadyen, 1941, Roy. Soc. London,

Phil. Trans., B, no. 516, v. 231, p. 15, pi. 1, fig. 1. 

Ammodiscus infimus (Strickland) Franke, 1936, Abh. Preuss.

geol. Landesanst. Neue Folge, v. 169, p. 15, pi. 1, figs.

14a, b. 

Ammodiscus asper Barnard, 1950, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc.

London, v. 105, pt. 3, no. 419, p. 351, text figs, la, i, ii.

Test free, large, discoidal, biconcave, consisting of a 

globular proloculus and planispirally wound tubular 

second chamber of as many as seven volutions, which 

increase very slowly and regularly in diameter; spiral 

suture distinct and sometimes appears as a clear line 

between the chamber whorls; wall arenaceous, of 

medium to coarse grains with very little cement, 

surface rough and granular in appearance, due to the 

protruding sand grains; aperture at the open end of 

the coiled tubular chamber.

Greatest diameter of hypotype of fig. 11, 0.68 mm, 

least diameter 0.62 mm, greatest thickness 0.10 mm. 

Greatest diameter of specimen of fig. 12, 0.91 mm, 

thickness 0.13 mm. Greatest diameter of specimen of 

fig. 13, 1.87 mm, thickness 0.21 mm.

Remarks.—This species is distinguished by the very 

rough and granular wall and regular coiling. It has 

been recorded throughout the Lias of Europe, although 

at times confused with /. silicea Terquem, and has 

also been referred to Ammodiscus infimus (Strickland). 

Macfadyen (1941, p. 16) stated that Strickland's 

species is a Cornuspira, hence distinct from the present 

species.

Types and occurrence.—Hypotypes of figs. 10 and 13 

(USNM Pl38a-b) and unfigured hyptoypes (USNM 

Pi39) all from the Kingak shale of Early Jurassic age, 

in a core at 2,341-2,356 feet, in South Barrow Test 

Well 2, at lat 71°15/51.34// N., long 156°37/55.25// W., 

in northern Alaska.

Unfigured hypotypes (USNM Pi44) from a core at 

1,743-1,748 feet, unfigured hypotypes (USNM P145) 

from a core at 1,758-1,778 feet, unfigured hypotypes 

(USNM P146) from a core at 1,979-1,999 feet, hypotype of fig. 12 (USNM P142) and unfigured hypotypes 

(USNM P143) from a core at 2,028-2,048 feet, hypotype of fig. 11 (USNM P140) and unfigured hypotypes 

(USNM P141) from a core at 2,048-2,068 feet, all of 

Early Toarcian age; and unfigured hypotypes (USNM 

.P147) from a core at 2,068-2,078 feet, unfigured hypotypes (USNM PUS) from a core at 2,099-2,109 feet, 

vnfigured hypotypes (USNM P149) from a core at 

2,109-2,119 feet, unfigured hypotypes (USNM P150) 

from a core at 2,130-2,140 feet, unfigured hypotypes 

(USNM P151) from a core at 2,150-2,170 feet, unfigured hypotypes (USNM PI52) from a core at 2,170- 

2,179 feet, of Late Pliensbachian age; and unfigured 

hypotypes (USNM P153) from a core at 2,231-2,251 

feet, unfigured hypotypes (USNM Pi54) from a core 

at 2,251-2,271 feet, unfigured hypotypes (USNM P155) 

from a core at 2,271-2,281 feet, unfigured hypotypes 

(USNM P156) from a core at 2,281-2,300 feet, unfigured hypotypes (USNM Pi57) from a core at 

2,323-2,343 feet, and unfigured hypotypes (USNM 

P759) from a core at 2,527-2,547 feet (all Lower Lias), 

from the Kingak shale of Early Jurassic age in South 

Barrow Test Well 3, at lat 71°09/40// N., long 156° 

34/45 // W., in northern Alaska.

In a recent joint paper (Loeblich and Tappan, 1954, 

p. 306), the author has shown the genus Ammodiscus 

Reuss to be synonymous with Spirillina Ehrenberg, 

and not an agglutinated form. As the type species of 

Involutina (I. silicea Terquem) is an agglutinated 

species, the genus Involutina should be used for the 

species previously referred to Ammodiscus. Thus the 

present species is again placed in the genus in which it 

was originally described.

Involutina cheradospira (Loeblich and Tappan)

Plate 8, figure 9

Ammodiscus cheradospirus Loeblich and Tappan, 1950, Jour. 

Washington Acad. Sci., v. 40, no. 1, p. 6, pi. 1, figs. l-2b.

Test free, of medium size, discoidal, somewhat 

irregularly planispiral, periphery rounded; proloculus 

followed by a long, undivided, tubular second chamber 

which increases gradually in size as added; spiral suture
JURASSIC FORAMINIFERA 39

distinct, depressed; wall finely arenaceous, with considerable cement, rather smoothly finished; aperture 

formed by the open end of the tube.

Greatest diameter of figured hypotype 0.65 mm, 

least diameter 0.49 mm, thickness 0.10 mm.

Remarks.—This species was originally described from 

the Kierdon formation (Callovian) of Montana.

Types and occurrence.—Figured hypotype (USNM 

P136) from Upper Jurassic rocks (Amelia bronni zone) 

on the east bank of Welcome Creek, approximately at 

lat 68°24/ N., long 150°50/ W., about 6 miles upstream 

from its confluence with Kanayut River, in the foothills of the Brooks Range, northern Alaska. Collected 

by William W. Patton, Jr., 1950.

Unfigured hypotype (USNM Pi37) from Upper 

Jurassic rocks (Aucella bronni zone) in the east bank 

of the East Fork of the Nanushuk River, approximately at lat 68°30' N., long 150°25/ W., in the foothills of the Brooks Range, northern Alaska. Collected 

by A. Samuel Keller, 1950.

Involutina orbis (Lalicker) 

Plate 8, figure 14

Ammodiscus orbis Lalicker, 1950, Univ. Kansas Paleon. Contr., 

Art. 2, p. 11, pi. 1, fig. 2.

Test free, discoid, consisting of an undivided tubular 

chamber, which coils in a flat spire about the globular 

proloculus, forming about 4 to 5 volutions; spiral suture 

distinct, depressed; wall finely arenaceous; aperture 

formed by the open end of the tube.

Greatest diameter of figured hypotype 0.39 mm, 

least diameter 0.34 mm, greatest thickness 0.05 mm. 

Greatest diameter of unfigured hypotype 0.42 mm.

Remarks.—This species is about % to % the size of 

Involutina aspera Terquem, which is found in the lower 

part of the Kingak shale, and it is less coarsely arenaceous. Involutina orbis (Lalicker) was described from 

the Sawtooth formation (Middle Jurassic) of the Ellis 

group of Montana, and the holotype was of a size 

comparable to that of the present figured specimen. 

This species is about }i the size of /. cheradospira 

(Loeblich and Tappan), from the Rierdon formation 

(Upper Jurassic) of Montana.

Types and occurrence.—Figured hypotype (USNM 

P771) and unfigured hypotype (USNM P770) from 

Upper Jurassic rocks (Oxfordian or Kimmeridgian) 

in a core at 7,042-7,052 feet, in Topagoruk Test Well 1, 

west of Topagoruk River, at lat 70°37/30 // N., long 

155°53 /36 // W., in the Arctic Coastal Plain, northern 

Alaska.

Involutina silicea Terquem

Plate 9, figures 1-4

Invnlutina silicea Terquem, 1862, Mem. Acad. Imp. Metz, ann. 

42, p. 450, pi. 6, figs. 11 a, b.

Ammodiscus incertus (d'Orbigny) Crick and Sherborn, 1891, 

(not d'Orbigny, 1839) Jour. Northampton. Nat. Hist. Soc., 

v. 6, p. 209, fig. 1; Bartenstein and Brand, 1937, Abh. 

Senckenberg. naturf. Ges., v. 439, p. 130, pi. 2B, fig. 4, 

pi. 3, figs. 5 a-c, pi. 4, fig. 4, pi. 5, figs. 5a, b, pi. 8, fig. 5, 

pi. 10, fig. 4, pi. 11 A, fig. 3.

Ammodiscus asper (Terquem) Macfadyen, 1941 (not Terquem, 

1863) Roy. Soc. London, Phil. Trans., ser. B, no. 576, v. 

231, p. 15, pi. 1, fig. 7.

Involutina silicea Terquem, Loeblich and Tappan, 1954, Jour. 

Washington Acad. Sci., v. 44, no. 10, p. 310, figs. 2a, b.

Test free, large, discoidal, with bluntly rounded periphery; proloculus followed by an undivided, somewhat 

irregularly planispiral tubular chamber of four to five 

volutions, numerous surficial constrictions crossing this 

undivided chamber, but no true septa are present; 

spiral suture distinct and depressed; wall finely arenaceous, with a large proportion of cement, so that the 

test may have an almost porcellaneous appearance; 

aperture at the open end of the tube, somewhat slitlike, 

because of a slight tendency for the whorl to overlap 

the preceding volution at the lateral margins.

Greatest diameter of hypotype of fig. 1,1.38 mm, least 

diameter 1.35 mm, greatest thickness 0.21 mm. Other 

specimens range from 0.34 to 1.51 mm in greatest diameter.

Remarks.—This species somewhat resembles /. cheradospira (Loeblich and Tappan), from the Upper Jurassic, but differs in the more irregular coiling and larger 

size. It differs from 7. aspera Terquem in the large 

amount of cement in the wall, as the test has an almost 

porcellaneous appearance, and that of 7. aspera is 

definitely granular in appearance. The coiled tube is 

also much thicker in the present species and coiling 

more irregular, with occasional constrictions along the 

tubular chamber.

Terquem originally distinguished the species Involutina aspera and Involutina silicea by the more rugose 

texture and smaller number of whorls in the former. 

His description stated that 7. silicea had from 10 to 12 

whorls. However, his original figure of the type of 

7. silicea shows only four whorls, and his figure of the 

type of I. aspera shows an equal number. The writer 

has reexamined the type of the present species, deposited 

in the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 

and has recently refigured it (Loeblich and Tappan, 

1954, fig. 2). The lectotype shows 7 whorls when the 

specimen is dampened, and Terquem's figure showed 

only the later more distinct whorls. As these coiled 

forms vary considerably in size, and therefore also in 

the number of whorls, this character seems of less importance than the diameter of the tubular chamber, 

which is shown on the figured type of each species, and 

which is greater in 7. silicea, the size of the test as compared to the number of whorls (there are fewer whorls
40 FOBAMINIFEBA FROM THE ARCTIC SLOPE OF ALASKA

in I. silicea, in tests of equal diameter) and the described 

and figured more rugose wall texture of I. aspera and 

the "serpuliforme" appearance and irregularly constricted wall (which Terquem interpreted as chambers) 

of I. silicea. The specimens figured in the present paper 

resemble Terquem's type, but are slightly smaller. The 

Alaskan specimens are only up to 1.5 mm. in diameter, 

but have only 5 to 6 whorls. The lectotype, with 7 

whorls, was about the same size. If some of Terquem's 

other specimens (his types were scattered in various 

institutions over France) had the 10 to 12 whorls his 

description mentioned, the tests would of course be 

larger, and probably up to 2 mm. in diameter as he 

stated. The Alaskan specimen of fig. 4 shows irregular 

constrictions across the tubular chamber, much as in 

Terquem's specimens, but these are growth constrictions and do not indicate true septa.

According to Macfayden (1941, p. 17, footnote), 

specimens sent to Brady by Terquem and labelled 

"Involuting (Cornuspira) silicea Terquem, Lias Moyen, 

Metz", are in the Brady collection at the British 

Museum (Natural History), London. Macfayden 

stated that these specimens were "all of the form that 

I have identified as Ammodiscus asper (Terquem)" and 

on this basis he stated that Involutina was probably a 

synonym of Ammodiscus, subject to confirmation by the 

type specimens. Macfayden's figured specimen is 

similar to those here figured, especially in the comparatively great diameter of the tubular chamber, and does 

not appear the same as the regularly spiral rugose tests 

with smaller tube diameter which were described as 

Involutina aspera.

Loeblich and Tappan (1954, p. 306) have recently 

shown the genus Ammodiscus to be a synonym of Spirillina, and the agglutinated forms previously placed in 

Ammodiscus should now be referred to Involutina. The 

present species is the type species of Involutina.

Types and occurrence.—Unfigured hypotypes (USNM 

P165) from a core at 2,028-2,048 feet, unfigured 

hypotypes (USNM Pi66) from a core at 2,048-2,068 

feet, of Lower Toarcian age; and hypotype of fig. 1 

(USNM P158) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM P159) 

from a core at 2,109-2,119 feet, unfigured hypotypes 

(USNM Pi67) from a core at 2,140-2,150 feet, unfigured 

hypotypes (USNM P168) from a core at 2,150-2,170 

feet, all of Upper Pliensbachian age; and hypotype of 

fig. 2 (USNM P161) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM 

P160) from a core at 2,199-2,218 feet, unfigured 

hypotypes (USNM P169) from a core at 2,251-2,271 

feet, unfigured hypotypes (USNM PI70) from a core 

at 2,323-2,343 feet, unfigured hypotypes (USNM P171) 

from a core at 2,363-2,380 feet, hypotype of fig. 3 

(USNM P162) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM P163) 

from a core at 2,478-2,496 feet, unfigured hypotypes

(USNM P172) from a core at 2,511-2,527 feet, unfigured 

hypotypes (USNM P760) from a core at 2,527-2,547 

feet, and hypotype of fig. 4 (USNM P164) from a core 

at 2,587-2,589 feet, all from the Kingak shale of Early 

JurassicageinSouthBarrowTest Well 3, atlat 71°09/40" 

N., long 156°34'45" W., in northern Alaska.

Unfigured hypotype (USNM P173) from a core at 

2,340-2,350 feet, from the Kingak shale of Early 

Jurassic age in South Barrow Test Well 4, at lat 

71°15/55.24// N., long 156°37'44.89" W., in northern 

Alaska.

Unfigured hypotypes (USNM P174) from the 

Kingak shale, from the upper part of a 160 foot section, 

480-640 feet above the basal contact, at approximately 

lat 69°35/ N., long 145°04/ W., in the banks of a southflowing tributary which enters the Sadlerochit River 

at lat 69°34'30" N., long 145°03/ W., on the south slope 

of the Sadlerochit Mountains, in northeastern Alaska. 

Collected by Edward G. Sable, 1948.

Genus GLOMOSPIRA Rzehak, 1888

Glomospira pattoni Tappan, n. sp.

Plate 8, figures 15-17

Test free, small; consisting of a proloculus and 

irregularly spirally wound tubular second chamber of 

varied diameter, later portion of tubular chamber 

tending to coil in a single plane; spiral suture distinct; 

wall finely arenaceous with considerable cement, 

surface smoothly finished; aperture at the open end 

of the tube.

Greatest diameter of holotype (fig. 17) 0.47 mm, 

least diameter 0.34 mm, greatest thickness 0.21 mm. 

Greatest diameter of paratype of fig. 16, 0.62 mm, 

thickness 0.13 mm. Other specimens range between 

0.23 and 0.75 mm in diameter.

Remarks.—This species differs from Glomospira 

gordialis Jones and Parker, in having a much less 

regular spiral chamber, being especially irregular in 

the early portion, rather than like Involutina at first 

and later becoming irregular. It tends to resemble the 

genus Ammodiscoides Cushman in having the early 

portion conically spiral and the later portion in a plane, 

but is too irregular in development to be placed within 

that genus. It is here named in honor of Mr. William 

Patton, who collected surface samples of Jurassic age 

used in this study.

Types and occurrence.—Holotype of fig. 17 (USNM 

P175), paratype of'fig. 16 (USNM P176) and unfigured 

paratypes (USNM Pi77) all from Upper Jurassic rocks 

at approximately lat 68°24/ N., long 150°55' W., on 

the west bank of Welcome Creek, about 6 miles upstream from its confluence with Kanayut River, in the 

foothills of the Brooks Range in northern Alaska. 

Collected by William W. Patton, 1950.
JURASSIC FORAMINIFERA 41

Unfigured paratypes (USNM Pi 78) from Upper 

Jurassic rocks, at approximately lat 68°24/ N., long 

150°51' W., in the east bank of Welcome Creek, about 

6 miles upstream from its confluence with Kanayut 

River, in the foothills of the Brooks Range, in northern 

Alaska. Collected by William W. Patton, 1950.

Unfigured paratypes (USNM P748) from Upper 

Jurassic rocks in the east bank of the East Fork of the 

Nanushuk River, at lat 68°30/ N., long 150°25' W., in 

the foothills of the Brooks Range, northern Alaska. 

Collected by A. Samuel Keller, 1950.

Unfigured paratype (USNM P750) from Upper 

Jurassic rocks, about three miles east of the Siksikpuk 

River, at approximately lat 68°40' N., long 151°54/ W., 

in the foothills of the Brooks Range, in northern Alaska. 

Collected by William W. Patton, 1950.

Paratype of fig. 15 (USNM P765) and unfigured paratype (USNM P766) from the Upper Jurassic, in a core 

at 7,042-7,052 feet, in Topagoruk Test WeU 1, west of 

Topagoruk River, at lat 70°37'30" N., long 155°53/36// 

W., in the Arctic Coastal Plain, northern Alaska.

Unfigured paratypes (USNM P1077) from Upper 

Jurassic rocks, on the west bank of Welcome Creek, 

about 4 miles upstream from its confluence with 

Kanayut River, tributary to the Anaktuvuk River, 

approximately at lat 68°25' N., long 150°55/ W., in the 

foothills of the Brooks Range, northern Alaska. Collected by William W. Patton, Jr., 1950.

Unfigured paratype (USNM P1078) from Upper 

Jurassic rocks (Aucella bronni zone) approximately at 

lat 68°26' N., long 150°52/ W., on the east bank of 

Welcome Creek, about 5 miles upstream from its confluence with Kanayut River, in the foothills of the 

Brooks Range, northern Alaska. Collected by William 

W. Patton, Jr., 1950.

Unfigured paratypes (USNM Pi 079) from Upper 

Jurassic rocks on the west bank of the East Fork of the 

Nanushuk River, at lat 68°25/ N., long 150°20' W., 

about 14 miles airline southeast of the confluence with 

the Nanushuk River, in the foothills of the Brooks 

Range, northern Alaska. Collected by William W. 

Patton, Jr., 1950.

Unfigured paratype (USNM P1080) from Upper 

Jurassic rocks, in the east bank of the East Fork of the 

Nanushuk River, at lat 68°02/ N., long 150°27' W., 

about 9 miles airline southeast of the confluence with 

the Nanushuk River, in the foothills of the Brooks 

Range, northern Alaska. Collected by William W. 

Patton, Jr., 1950.

Glomospira perplexa Franke 

Plate 9, figure 10

Glomospira perplexa Franke, 1936, Abh. Preuss. Geol. Landesanst., 

Neue Folge, v. 169, p. 18, pi. 1, fig. 12; Bartenstein and

Brand, 1937, Abh. Senckenberg. Naturforsch. Gesell., v. 

439, p. 133.

Test free, large, consisting of an irregularly spiral 

tube, winding about the proloculus in various planes, 

only about three volutions observed; spiral suture 

distinct, depressed; wall finely arenaceous, with considerable cement, surface smooth and almost porcellanous in appearance; aperture at the open end of the 

tube.

Greatest diameter of figured hypotype 0.99 mm, least 

diameter 0.91 mm, greatest thickness 0.60 mm.

Remarks.—Only a few specimens have been found in 

Alaska. They are close to Franke's type from the 

Lower Lias of Germany, both in size and in the diameter 

of the tubular chamber. The Alaskan specimens differ 

in being somewhat more regular in the spiral winding, 

as the species was originally described as being extremely irregular. As the genus is notably variable 

in this character, it seems probable that individual 

specimens could differ to this extent in the regularity 

of coiling and be conspecific nevertheless.

Types and occurrence.—Figured hypotype (USNM 

P179) and unfigured hypotype (USNM P1081) from 

the Kingak shale of Early Jurassic age, in a core at 

2,587-2,589 feet (Hettangian?), in South Barrow Test 

WeU 3, at lat 71°09'40// N., long 156°34'45" W., in 

northern Alaska.

Genus UTUOTUBA Rhumbler, 1895 

Lituotuba irregularis Tappan, n. sp.

Plate 9, figures 5-9

Lituotuba incerta Franke, Bartenstein and Brand, 1937 (not

Franke, 1928), Abh. Senckenberg Naturf. Ges., no. 439,

p. 131, pi. 3, fig. 6. 

Tolypammina jurensis Franke, Payard, 1947 (not Franke, 1936),

Foram. Lias Supe"rieur Detroit Poitevin, Thesis, Paris, p. 58,

pi. 1, fig. 22.

Test free, with a proloculus and long tubular second 

chamber which is at first planispirally coiled, later 

uncoiling and very irregular in growth, occasionally 

with a zigzaglike development, test easily broken 

because of its delicate nature, and may be represented 

merely by tubular fragments which might be mistaken 

for fragments of Baihy siphon but for their association 

with other more complete specimens; wall finely arenaceous, with very little cement, surface rough due to the 

protruding grains; aperture at the open end of the tube.

Length of holotype (fig. 5), 0.55 mm, greatest breadth 

of coil 0.34 mm, greatest breadth of straight tubular 

portion 0.13 mm. Other specimens range from 0.18 

to 0.73 mm in breadth of coil and from 0.08 to 0.23 mm 

in breadth of a single tube.

Remarks.—^Bartenstein and Brand figured specimens 

that seem identical with the Alaskan form, but differ
42 FORAMINIFERA FROM THE ARCTIC SLOPE OF ALASKA

from Lituotuba incerta Franke (to which they referred 

it), from the Upper Cretaceous, in having a less regular 

coil of fewer whorls, and in being more irregular 

throughout the development, even the diameter of tube 

and coil being much more variable.

Tolypammina jurensis Franke of Payard, from the 

French upper Lias, is similar in the early coil followed 

by an irregular uncoiled portion, and in general dimensions, although the Alaskan specimens have fewer 

whorls and somewhat more irregular coiling. It differs 

from T. jurensis Franke in being free, rather than 

attached, in the absence of branching, and in having a 

definite coil, which was neither described nor figured 

for Franke's species.

Types mid occurrence.—Unfigured paratypes (USNM 

P187) from a core at 2,018-2,028 feet, unfigured 

paratypes (USNM P188) from a core at 2,028-2,033 

feet, paratypes of figs. 6 and 9 (USNM Pl83a-b) and 

unfigured paratypes (USNM Pi84) from a core at 

2,028-2,048 feet, all of Early Toarcian age; and unfigured paratypes (USNM P189) from a core at 2,140- 

2,150 feet, holotype (fig. 5) (USNM Pi 80), para type of 

fig. 8 (USNM PI85) and unfigured paratypes (USNM 

P186) from a core at 2,150-2,160 feet, parafcype of fig. 7 

(USNM P181) and unfigured paratypes (USNM P182) 

from a core at 2,170-2,179 feet, all of Late Pliensbachian 

age; and unfigured paratypes (USNM P190) from a core 

at 2,271-2,281 feet, unfigured paratypes (USNM P191) 

from a core at 2,281-2,300 feet, and unfigured paratypes (USNM P192) from a core at 2,300-2,320 feet, 

all from the Lower Lias Kingak shale of Early Jurassic 

age in South Barrow Test Well 3, at lat 71°09'40" N., 

long 156°34'45" W., in northern Alaska.

Family IITUOIIDAE 

Subfamily HAPIOPHRAGMHNAE

Genus HAPIOPHRAGMOIDES Cushman, 1910 

Haplophragmoides barrowensis Tappan

Plate 11, figures 1-5

Haplophragmoides? barrowensis Tappan, 1951, Contr. Cushman 

Found. Foram. Research, v. 2, pt. 1, p. 1, pi. 1, figs. 5a-b.

Test free, discoid, planispiral and evolute, periphery 

bluntly rounded; chambers numerous, increasing rapidly in size as added, usually forming about 2% whorls, 

with 9 to 12 chambers in the final whorl; sutures radial, 

straight or slightly curved, those of earliest whorls 

indistinct, those of the final whorl somewhat constricted and slightly thickened; wall arenaceous, with 

large grains in a ground mass of finer material, surface 

rough; aperture obscure, but apparently at the base of 

the final chamber.

Greatest diameter of holotype 1.01 mm, least diameter 0.70 mm, greatest thickness 0.26 mm. Other 

specimens range from 0.47 to 1.04 mm in greatest 

diameter.

Remarks.—-This species is similar to the Recent 

Alveolophragmium Jeffrey si (Williamson), but differs in 

being approximately twice as large, more evolute, more 

compressed, and in possessing more chambers in the 

final whorl. Due to the poor preservation, the exact 

character of the aperture cannot be determined for the 

Alaskan species. The aperture of Alveolophragmium 

is in the face of the final chamber, and that of Haplophragmoides is at the base of the final chamber.

Types and occurrence.—Unfigured hypotypes (USNM 

P195) from a core of Early Toarcian age at 1,999-2,018 

feet; hypotypes of figs. 4 and 5 (USNM Pl93a, b) 

and unfigured hypotypes (USNM Pi94) from a core 

at 2,068-2,078 feet, unfigured paratypes (USNM 

106479) from a core at 2,099-2,109 feet, holotype of 

fig. 1 (USNM 106477) and unfigured paratypes (USNM 

106478) from a core at 2,109-2,119 feet, unfigured 

hypotypes (USNM P196) from a core at 2,130-2,140 

feet, unfigured hypotypes (USNM P197) from a core 

at 2,140-2,150 feet, and unfigured hypotypes (USNM! 

Pi98) from a core at 2,150-2,170 feet, all from the 

(Upper Pliensbachian) Kingak shale of Early Jurassic 

age in South Barrow Test Well 3, at lat 71°09'40" N., 

long 156°34'45" W., in northern Alaska.

Unfigured paratypes (USNM 106480) from Lower 

Jurassic rocks in a core at 5,866-5,874 feet in Simpson 

Test Well 1, at lat 70°57'05" N., long 155°21'45" W., 

west of Cape Simpson, northern Alaska.

Hypotypes of figs. 2 and 3 (USNM Pl99a, b) and 

unfigured hypotypes (USNM P200) from the black 

shales of the Kingak shale, at 480-640 feet above the 

basal contact, unfigured hypotypes (USNM P201) from 

the black shales of the Kingak shale, from 1,650 feet 

above the basal contact with the underlying Upper 

Triassic Shublik formation, all of Early Jurassic age, 

at lat 69°35' N., long 145°04' W., in the banks of a 

southward-flowing tributary which enters the Sadlerochit River at approximately lat 69°34'30" N., long 

145°03' W., on the south slope of the Sadlerochit 

Mountains, in northeastern Alaska. Collected by 

Edward G. Sable, 1948.

Haplophragmoides canui Cushman 

Plate 9, figures 11-15

Haplophragmoides canui Cushman, 1930, Bull. Soc. Linn. 

Normandie, ser. 8, v. 2, p. 133, pi. 4, figs, la, b.

Test free, of medium size, planispirally coiled, 

involute and biumbilicate, varying from thick to compressed according to the preservation, periphery
JURASSIC FORAMINIPERA 43

rounded; 9 to 11 chambers in the final whorl, increasing 

very gradually in size as added; sutures straight, radiate, slightly depressed or may be visible as a thick 

dark line between the chambers, sometimes obscure; 

wall finely arenaceous, surface smoothly finished; 

aperture obscured by the poor preservation.

Greatest diameter of hypotype of fig. 12, 0.60 mm, 

thickness 0.21 mm, greatest diameter of hypotype of 

fig. 13, 0.78 mm, thickness 0.39 mm, and greatest 

diameter of hypotype of fig. 14, 0.55 mm, least diameter 0.47 mm, thickness 0.31 mm. Other specimens 

range from 0.42 to 0.91 mm in diameter.

Remarks.—This species is highly variable in thickness and general appearance, due to distortion in various 

planes in preservation.

The type specimen from France is of medium size, 

0.45 mm in diameter and 0.25 mm in thickness, both 

well within the limits of the Alaskan series of specimens. Some of the Alaskan specimens are more compressed at the margins, but this is probably due to 

preservation, and they are similar to the type in number of chambers, excavated umbilical area and radial 

sutures.

Types and occurrence.—Hypotypes of figs. 11 and 15 

(USNM P202a, b) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM 

P203) from Upper Jurassic rocks at approximately 

lat 68°24/ N., long 150°55' W., on the west bank of 

Welcome Creek, about 6 miles upstream from its confluence with Kanayut River, in the foothills of the 

Brooks Range, in northern Alaska. Collected by 

William W. Patton, 1950.

Hypotypes of figs. 12 and 14 (USNM P204a, b) and 

unfigured hypotypes (USNM P207) all from the 

Amoeboceras zone (Upper Oxfordian) of the Kingak 

formation, on the west bank of the Canning River, at 

lat 69°33' N., long 146°23' W., in northeastern Alaska. 

Collected by George Gryc, 1947.

Hypotype of fig. 13 (USNM P205) and unfigured 

hypotypes (USNM P206) from the Amoeboceras zone 

(upper Oxfordian) of the Kingak shale, on the west 

bank of the Canning River, at lat 69°32'30" N., long 

146°23'20" W., in northeastern Alaska. Collected by 

George Gryc, 1947.

Unfigured hypotypes (USNM P767 and P784) from 

Upper Jurassic rocks in Topagoruk Test Well 1, west of 

Topagoruk River, at lat 70°37'30" N., long 155°53'36" 

W., in the Arctic Coastal Plain of northern Alaska.

Haplophragmoides kingakensis Tappan, n. sp. 

Plate 10, figures 1-6

Test free, large, planispiral and involute, biumbilicate, 

periphery broadly rounded; 5 to 7 chambers in the final 

whorl, increasing rapidly in breadth as added, inflated; 

sutures nearly straight, radial, slightly depressed; wall

rather coarsely arenaceous, with little cement, surface 

rough; aperture at the base of the final chamber, on 

the periphery.

Greatest diameter of paratype of fig. 3, 0.31 mm, 

greatest diameter of paratype of fig. 4, 0.42 mm, 

greatest diameter of holotype of fig. 5, 0.78 mm, least 

diameter 0.57 mm, thickness 0.42 mm, and greatest 

diameter of paratype of fig. 6, 0.82 mm, thickness 

0.29 mm. Other specimens range from 0.29 to 0.78 mm 

in maximum diameter.

Remarks.—This species differs from Haplophragmoides 

canui Cushman in the smaller number of chambers 

in the final whorl, more inflated chambers, and more 

deeply incised sutures. It differs from H. tryssa Loeblich 

and Tappan from the Upper Jurassic, in being larger, in 

having more chambers to the whorl and in being less 

compressed, with a more truncate periphery. It is 

about one-half to one-third the size of H. latidorsatum 

(Bornemann) var. crassitestum Perner, from the Jurassic 

of Bohemia, which it otherwise resembles in general 

appearance.

Types and occurrence.—Paratype of fig. 4 (USNM 

P211) and unfigured paratypes (USNM P212) from a 

core at 1,999-2,018 feet, paratypes of figs. 1 and 2 

(USNM P213a, b) and unfigured paratypes (USNM 

P214) from a core at 2,028-2,048 feet, all of Early 

Toarcian age; and holotype of fig. 5 (USNM P208) and 

unfigured paratypes (USNM P209) from a core at 

2,130-2,140 feet, paratype of fig. 3 (USNM P210) from 

a core at 2,150-2,170 feet, all of Late Pliensbachian age; 

and unfigured paratypes (USNM P215) from a core at 

2,231-2,251 feet, unfigured paratypes (USNM P216) 

from a core at 2,511-2,527 feet, and unfigured paratypes 

(USNM P752) from a core at 2,527-2,547 feet, all from 

the (Lower. Lias) Kingak shale of Early Jurassic age in 

South Barrow Test Well 3, at lat 71°09'40" N., long 

156°34'45" W., in northern Alaska.

Paratype of fig. 6 (USNM P217) and unfigured paratypes (USNM P218) from a core at 2,341-2,356 feet, 

in the Kingak shale of Early Jurassic age in South 

Barrow Test Well 2, at lat 71°15'51.34" N., long 

156°37'55<;25" W., in northern Alaska.

Genus AMMOBACULITES Cushman, 1910 

Ammobaculites alaskensis Tappan, n. sp.

Plate 12, figures 1-10

Lituola agglutinans (d'Orbigny) Blake, 1876, The Yorkshire

Lias, p. 452, pi. 17, fig. 40. 

Haplophragmium coprolithiforme Schwager, Deecke, 1884, Abh.

Geol. Spez. Elsass-Lothringen, v. 4, no. 1, p. 20, pi. 1, fig.

5; Hausler, 1890, Abh. Schweitz. Pal. GeselL, v. 17, p. 33,

pi. 4, figs. 7, 20; Paalzow, 1922, Abh. Naturhist. Gesell.

Niirnberg, v. 22, no. 1, p. 31, pi. 5, fig. 3.
44 FORAMINIFERA FROM THE ARCTIC SLOPE OF ALASKA

Haplophragmium agglutinans (d'Orbigny) Hausler, 1890, Abh.

Schweitz. Pal. Gesell., v. 17, p. 32, pi. 3, figs. 32-36, pi. 4,

figs. 5, 6, 18. 

Ammobaculites agglutinans (d'Orbigny) Franke, 1936, Abh.

Preuss. Geol. Landesanst., Neue Folge, v. 169, p. 127, pi.

12, fig. 25; Bartenstein and Brand, 1937, Abh. Senckenberg.

Naturf. Gesell., v. 439, p. 186, pi. 4, fig. 14, pi. 5, fig. 78,

pi. 6, figs. 40a, b, pi. 8, figs. 38a-c, pi. 10, figs. 45a, b, pi.

11A, figs. 19a, b, pi. 11B, figs. 28a, b, pi. 12A, fig. 22, pi. 13,

fig. 23, pi. 14B, fig. 19.

Test free, early portion close-coiled, biumbilicate, 

later uniserial, with a considerable size range, the 

specimens of smaller diameter attaining a larger number 

of chambers (fig. 7), those with a larger coil usually 

with fewer uniserial chambers (figs. 1, 8), periphery 

broadly rounded; chambers inflated centrally, increasing very gradually in size, 5 to 8 in the coil, followed by 

2 to 8 uniserial chambers, somewhat broader than high, 

early chambers may be somewhat evolute in coiling 

(fig. 8); sutures distinct, straight, constricted, frequently represented by a darker area between the 

chambers; wall finely arenaceous, with occasional larger 

grains, surface rather smoothly finished; aperture 

terminal, rounded.

Length of holotype (fig. 1), 1.51 mm, greatest breadth 

of coil 0.60 mm, greatest breadth of uniserial portion 

0.42 mm. Length of paratype of fig. 5, 0.75 mm, 

greatest breadth of coil 0.42 mm, greatest breadth of 

uniserial portion 0.31 mm. Length of paratype of 

fig. 7, 1.25 mm, greatest breadth of coil 0.26 mm. 

Length of paratype of fig. 8, 1.09 mm, greatest breadth 

of coil 0.62 mm.

Remarks.—This is an abundant and extremely variable species, and the large suite of specimens shows all 

gradations between the smaller and narrower forms 

and the evolutely coiled or large flattened forms.

Although often recorded in Europe as Haplophragmium or Ammobaculites agglutinans (d'Orbigny), it is 

not conspecific with Spirolina agglutinans d' Orbigny, 

1846, which was from the Tertiary of the Vienna Basin. 

It is about one-half as large as d'Orbigny's species, is 

less compressed, has a wider umbilical depression, and 

lower and more numerous uniserial chambers. Hausler 

figured specimens with involute coiling, as is most 

common, and others with evolute coiling like the 

specimen here shown in figure 8.

H. coprolithiforme, from the Dogger (Middle Jurassic) 

of Germany differs from this species in having a less 

well developed coil, which is of lesser diameter than the 

later uniserial chambers. It is also proportionately 

shorter and thicker.

Types and occurrence.—Unfigured paratypes (USNM 

P227) from a core at 1,979-1,999 feet, unfigured paratypes (USNM P228) from a core at 2,018-2,028 feet,

unfigured paratypes (USNM P229) from a core at 

2,028-2,033 feet, unfigured paratypes (USNM P230) 

from a core at 2,028-2,048 feet, unfigured paratypes 

(USNM P231) from a core at 2,048-2,068 feet, of Early 

Toarcian age; and unfigured paratypes (USNM P232) 

from a core at 2,068-2,078 feet, paratype of fig. 4 

(USNM P221) and unfigured paratypes (USNM P222) 

from a core at 2,099-2,109 feet, holotype of fig. 1 

(USNM P219) and unfigured paratypes (USNM P220) 

from a core at 2,109-2,119 feet, paratype of fig. 7 

(USNM P225) and unfigured paratypes (USNM P226) 

from a core at 2,130-2,140 feet, paratypes of figs. 3, 6, 8 

and 9 (USNM P223a-d) and unfigured paratypes 

(USNM P224) from a core at 2,140-2,150 feet, unfigured 

paratypes (USNM P233) from a core at 2,150-2,170 

feet, unfigured paratypes (USNM P234) from a core at 

2,170-2,179 feet, all of Late Pliensbachian age; unfigured 

paratypes (USNM P235) from a core at 2,231-2,251 

feet, unfigured paratypes (USNM P236) from a core at 

2,251-2,271 feet, unfigured paratypes (USNM P237) 

from a core at 2,320-2,323 feet, unfigured paratypes 

(USNM P238) from a core at 2,363-2,380 feet, and 

unfigured paratypes (USNM P239) from a core at 

2,468-2,478 feet, all from the (Lower Lias) Kingak 

shale of Early Jurassic age in South Barrow Test well 

3, at lat 71°09'40" N., long 156°34'45" W., in northern 

Alaska.

Paratypes of figs. 2 and 10 (USNM P768a, b) and 

unfigured paratypes (USNM P769) from Upper Jurassic 

rocks in a core at 7,042-7,052 feet, in Topagoruk Test 

Well 1, west of Topagoruk River, at lat 70°37'30" N., 

long 155°53'36" W., in the Arctic Coastal Plain, 

northern Alaska.

Unfigured paratypes (USNM P240) from a core at 

5,866-5,874 feet, in Lower Jurassic rocks in Simpson 

Test Well 1, at lat 70°57'05" N., long 155°21'45" W., 

west of Cape Simpson, in northern Alaska.

Paratype of fig. 5 (USNM P241) and unfigured paratypes (USNM P242) from the Amoeboceras zone (Upper 

Oxfordian) of the Kingak shale, on the west bank of 

the Canning River, at lat 69°33' N., long 146°23' W., 

in northeastern Alaska. Collected by George Gryc, 

1947.

Unfigured paratypes (USNM P243) from the upper 

part of a 160-foot black shale section (Lower Jurassic) 

of the Kingak shale of Early Jurassic age from 480-640 

feet above the basal contact with Triassic rocks, at 

lat 69°35/ N., long 145°04' W., in the banks of a southward-flowing tributary that enters the Sadlerochit 

River at approximately lat 69°34'30" N., long 145°03' 

W., on the south slope of the Sadlerochit Mountains, 

in northeastern Alaska. Collected by Edward G. 

Sable, 1948.
JURASSIC FORAMINIFERA 45

Ammobaculites barrowensis Tappan, n. sp. 

Plate 11, figures 7-12

Test free, large, robust, early portion planispiral, 

followed by a poorly developed uniserial portion, periphery broadly rounded; chambers much inflated, 4 to 5 

in the coil, increasing rapidly in size as added, two or 

three rectilinear chambers of about equal size, final 

chamber somewhat produced orally, giving the chamber 

a pyriform outline; sutures distinct, depressed, straight 

and radial or very slightly curved backwards at the 

periphery in the coiled portion, straight and horizontal 

in the rectilinear portion; wall medium to coarsely 

arenaceous, with considerable cement, surface rather 

smoothly finished; aperture terminal, rounded.

Length of holotype (fig. 10) 1.66 mm, greatest breadth 

of coil 0.88 mm, greatest breadth of uniserial portion 

0.68 mm, length of paratype of fig. 11,1.77 mm, breadth 

of coil 0.88 nun, breadth of uniserial portion 0.65 mm, 

and length of paratype of fig. 12, 1.61 nun, greatest 

breadth of coil 1.20 nun, breadth of uniserial portion 

0.86 mm. Other specimens range in length from 1.04 

to 2.08 mm, and in breadth of coil from 0.39 to 1.20 nun.

Remarks.—This species resembles Ammobaculites 

goodlandensis Cushman and Alexander, from the Lower 

Cretaceous, in size and in the relatively large coil and 

much reduced uniserial portion, but differs in having 

fewer chambers in the coil and more smoothly inflated 

chambers, rather than the extremely inflated and 

angular chambers of A. goodlandensis.

The present species differs from the associated A. 

alaskensis, n. sp., in being larger, shorter, and broader, 

with a more pyriform final chamber.

Types and occurrence.—Unfigured paratypes (USNM 

P251) from a core at 2,231-2,251 feet, paratype of fig. 

11 (USNM P247) and unfigured paratypes (USNM 

P248) from a core at 2,251-2,271 feet, holotype of fig. 

10 (USNM P244) and paratypes of figs. 7, 8, and 12 

(USNM P245a-c) and unfigured paratypes (USNM 

P246) from a core at 2,320-2,323 feet, unfigured paratype (USNM P252) from a core at 2,323-2,343 feet, 

and paratype of fig. 9 (USNM P249) and unfigured 

paratypes (USNM P250) from a core at 2,478-2,496 

feet, all from the (Lower Lias) Kingak shale of Early 

Jurassic age in South Barrow Test Well 3, at lat 

71°09'40" N., long 156°34'45" W., in northern Alaska.

Ammobaculites fontinensis (Terquem)

Plate 11, figure 6

Haplophragmium fontinense Terquem, 1870, Me"m. Acad. Imp. 

Metz, Ann. 51, (ser. 2, ann. 18), p. 337, pi. 24, figs. 29, 

30a-b; Paalzow, 1922, Abh. Nat. Gesell. Nurnberg, vol. 22, 

no. 1, p. 32, pi. 4, figs. 4, 5.

Ammobaculites fontinensis (Terquem) Franke, 1936, Abhandl. 

Preuss. Geol. Landesanst., Neue Folge, v. 169, p. 127, pi. 

12, fig. 24; Bartenstein and Brand, 1937, Abh. Senckenberg. 

Naturforsch. Gesell., v. 439, p. 186, pi. 5, figs. 79a, b, pi. 6, 

fig. 43, pi. 8, figs. 37a-d, pi. 10, fig. 44, pi. 11B, fig. 27, pi. 

12A, figs. 21a-b, pi. 13, fig. 22.

Test free, elongate, flattened, early portion in an 

evolute planispiral coil, later chambers uncoiled, periphery lobulate, 6 to 7 chambers in the last whorl of 

the coil, about 2% whorls visible, chambers increasing 

gradually in size, the final two to four chambers uncoiling and proportionately higher than those of the 

coil, but not much broader, the coil being approximately one-third greater in diameter than the breadth 

of the uniserial chambers; sutures slightly depressed, 

distinct when specimens are dampened, somewhat 

curved backwards at the -periphery in the coiled 

portion, straight and nearly horizontal in the uniserial 

portion; wall finely arenaceous; aperture terminal, 

simple.

Length of figured hypotype 0.75 nun, greatest 

breadth of coil 0.39 mm, greatest breadth of uniserial 

portion 0.23 mm, greatest thickness 0.10 mm. Unfigured hypotypes range from 0.39 to 0.47 mm in 

length, from 0.23 to 0.29 mm. in breadth of coil and 

from 0.10 to 0.23 mm in greatest breadth of uniserial 

portion.

Remarks.—This species has more chambers in the 

coil than any of the other Alaskan Jurassic species, 

the sutures are more curved and the periphery more 

lobulate. It is the only species in Alaska that consistently has an evolute coil. Occasional specimens of 

A. alaskensis, n. sp. have an evolute coil, but they are 

comparatively rare and do not have the compressed 

test characteristic of the present form.

Types and occurrence.—Figured hypotype (USNM 

P253) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM P254) aU 

from a core of Early Toarcian age at 2,028-2,048 feet, 

in the Kingak shale of Early Jurassic age in South 

Barrow Test Well 3, at lat 71°09'40" N., long 156°- 

34'45" W., in northern Alaska.

Ammobaculites vetusta (Terquem and Berthelin)

Plate 13, figures 1-3

Haplophragmium vetustum Terquem and Berthelin, 1875, Me"m. 

Soc. Geol. France, 2nd ser., v. 10, m^m 3, p. 53, pi. 4, figs. 

16a-d.

Test free, tiny, narrow, elongate, early portion coiled, 

later somewhat irregularly uniserial and rectilinear; 

about 4 to 5 chambers in the planispiral coil, followed 

by as many as 9 inflated uniserial chambers, increasing 

somewhat in relative height as added, final chamber 

pyriform in outline, with a short neck; sutures con-
46 FORAMINIFERA FROM THE ARCTIC SLOPE OF ALASKA

stricted, distinct, straight; wall arenaceous, with 

little cement, surface granular in appearance; aperture 

terminal, rounded.

Length of hypotype of fig 1, 0.75 mm, greatest 

breadth of coil 0.18 mm, greatest breadth of uniserial 

portion 0.16 mm. Other specimens range from 0.23 to 

1.22 mm in length.

Remarks.—This species somewhat resembles Ammobaculites dentonensis Tappan, from the Early Cretaceous, in the relatively small coil, inflated and somewhat irregularly arranged uniserial chambers and the 

pyriform final chamber. It differs in being only about 

one-half as large, and more finely arenaceous. Ammobaculites vetusta differs from A. alaskensis, n. sp. in 

being much smaller and narrower, and in having a 

minute coil instead of the broad and prominent coil 

characteristic of A. alaskensis.

Types and occurrence.—Unfigured hypotypes (USNM 

P259) from a core at 1,979-1,999 feet, unfigured hypotypes (USNM P260) from a core at 1,999-2,018 feet, 

unfigured hypotypes (USNM P261) from a core at 

2,028-2,048 feet, hypotypes of figs. 2 and 3 (USNM 

P257a-b) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM P258) from 

a core at 2,048-2,068 feet, all of Early Toarcian age; 

unfigured hypotype (USNM P262) from a core at 

2,130-2,140 feet of Late Pliensbachian age, unfigured 

hypotype (USNM P263) from a core at 2,199-2,218 

feet, hypotype of fig. 1 (USNM P255) and unfigured 

hypotypes (USNM P256) from a core at 2,231-2,251 

feet, unfigured hypotypes (USNM P264) from a core 

at 2,251-2,271 feet, unfigured hypotypes (USNM P265) 

from a core at 2,271-2,281 feet, and unfigured hypotypes 

(USNM P754) from a core at 2,527-2,547 feet, of Early 

Lias age; all from the Kingak shale of Early Jurassic 

age in South Barrow Test Well 3, at lat 71°09/40// N., 

long 156°34'45" W., in northern Alaska.

Genus TRIPLASIA Reuss, 1854 

Triplasia kingakensis Loeblich and Tappan

Plate 13, figures 4-11

Triplasia kingakensis Loeblich and Tappan, 1952, Smithsonian 

Misc. Coll.. v. 117, no. 15, p. 7, pi. 1, figs. 1-8.

Test large, elongate, early portion planispiral, with a 

comparatively large and well-developed coil of about 6 

chambers, followed by 4 to 5 uniserial chambers which 

increase gradually in size as added in the megalospheric 

forms (figs. 4, 5, 7, 8, and 10) and flare more rapidly in 

the microspheric forms (figs. 6, 9), uniserial chambers 

usually triangular, but occasional specimens develop a 

somewhat weaker fourth angle, so that the test is 

irregularly quadrate in section (figs, lla, b) and in addition two specimens were found which never developed 

the third angle but remain in a Flabellammina stage of 

development (figs. 6, 10) and other specimens have a

poorly developed third angle, with all gradations occurring between these extremes; sutures moderately distinct, depressed, arched near the axis and curving 

downward at the angles; wall arenaceous, of medium 

sized to coarse particles, with considerable cement, 

smoothly finished; aperture terminal, rounded, on a 

slight neck.

Length of holotype (fig. 9) 1.53 mm, greatest breadth 

0.94 mm; length of paratype of fig. 5, 1.74 mm, greatest 

breadth 0.73 mm; greatest breadth of paratype of fig. 

8, 0.52 mm. Other specimens range from 0.91 to 1.69 

mm in length.

Remarks.—This species resembles Triplasia acutocarinata (Alexander and Smith) in the flaring character 

of the test, but differs in being smaller, in having less 

excavated sides and broader and more rounded angles, 

and a larger initial coil. It is quite variable in shape, 

ranging from narrow to widely flaring, and from flattened to triangular or quadrangular in section in the 

later portion. The third and fourth angles are less 

prominent than the two in the plane of the coil.

Types and occurrence.—Holotype (fig. 9) (USNM 

P266), figured paratypes (figs. 4-8, 10-11) (USNM 

P267a-g) and unfigured paratypes (USNM P268) all 

from the Lower Jurassic Kingak shale (Lower Toarcian) 

in a core at 2,028-2,048 feet, in South Barrow Test Well 

3, at lat 71°09/40// N., long 156°34'45" W., south of 

Point Barrow, northern Alaska. This species has a 

very short vertical range, as it was present in only a 20 

foot zone of the extensive cored section of Early 

Jurassic age.

Family TEXTULARIIDAE

Subfamily SPIROPLECTAMMININAE

Genus SPIROPLECTAMMINA Cushman, 1927

Spiroplectammina sp.

Plate 13, figure 12

Test free, small, flattened, early portion planispiral, 

later biserial with parallel margins, periphery rounded; 

about 7 chambers in the coil, followed by three pair of 

biserially arranged chambers, which are of approximately 

the same size as the earlier coiled chambers; sutures 

indistinct, except when specimen is dampened, slightly 

curved backward in the coil, oblique in the biserial portion, at about 30° from the horizontal; wall arenaceous, 

of medium sized grains, surface rough; aperture at the 

base of the final chamber.

Length of figured specimen 0.49 mm, greatest breadth 

of coil 0.21 mm, greatest breadth of biserial portion 

0.18 mm.

Remarks.—Only a single specimen of this genus has 

been found in the Alaskan strata of Jurassic age, and it 

does not fit into any previously described species.
JURASSIC FORAMINIFERA 47

Because of the limited amount of material, it is not 

described as new.

The specimen resembles Spiroplectammina ammovitrea Tappan, from the Lower Cretaceous, in the comparatively large coil and parallel-sided biserial portion, 

but is slightly larger and has lower and more oblique 

biserial chambers.

Types and occurrence.—Figured specimen (USNM 

P269) from Upper Jurassic rocks at approximately lat 

68°24' N., long 150°55' W., on the west bank of Welcome Creek, about six miles upstream from its confluence 

with Kanayut River, in the foothills of the Brooks 

Range, northern Alaska. Collected by William W. 

Patton, 1950.

Subfamily TEXTUIARHNAE

Genus TEXTULARIA Defrance, 1824

Textularia areoplecta Tappan, n. sp.

Plate 13, figures 13-16

Test free, small, narrow, elongate, biserial throughout; early chambers increasing rapidly in breadth and 

later ones more gradually, so that the later portion of 

the test has subparallel sides, chambers low; sutures 

slightly depressed, somewhat oblique; wall finely arenaceous, surface granular in appearance; aperture at the 

base of the apertural face of the final chamber.

Length of holotype (fig. 14) 0.29 mm, breadth 0.08 

mm, thickness 0.05 mm; length of paratype of fig. 13, 

0.23 mm, breadth 0.10 mm; length of paratype of fig. 

15, 0.36 mm, breadth 0.10 mm. Other specimens are 

between 0.18 and 0.39 mm in length.

Remarks.—This species differs from Textularia agglutinans d'Orbigny of Bartenstein and Brand, 1937 

(not d'Orbigny, 1839), in having a more tapered base, 

more oblique sutures and in being somewhat smaller in 

size and comparatively narrower. It differs from Textularia pikettyi Terquem, from the Middle Lias of 

France, in being about one-half as large, with a more 

blunt periphery and comparatively higher chambers. 

It resembles Textularia inversa (Terquem), from the 

French Bajocian (Middle Jurassic), in general appearance and blunt periphery, but differs in having a broader 

test and more oblique sutures, and is about one-fourth 

as large.

Types and occurrence.—Holotype (fig. 14) (USNM 

P270) and unfigured paratypes (USNM P271) from a 

core at 1,979-1,999 feet, paratype of fig. 13 (USNM 

P272) and unfigured paratypes (USNM P273) from a 

core at 1,999-^2,018 feet, unfigured paratypes (USNM 

P277) from a core at 2,018-2,028 feet, unfigured paratypes (USNM P278) from a core at 2,028-2,048 feet, 

paratype of fig. 15 (USNM P274) and unfigured paratypes (USNM P275) from a core at 2,048-2,068 feet,

820475—55——8

all of Early Toarcian age; paratype of fig. 16 (USNM 

P276) from a core at 2,150-2,170 feet, unfigured paratypes (USNM P279) from a core at 2,170-2,179 feet, 

all from the (Upper Pliensbachian) Kingak shale of 

Early Jurassic age in South Barrow Test Well 3, at lat 

71°09'40" N., long 156°34'45" W., in northern Alaska.

Family VERNEUILINIDAE

Genus GAUDRYINA d'Orbigny, 1839

Gaudryina dyscrita Tappan, n. sp.

Plate 13, figures 17-18

Test free, small, elongate, compressed, tapering, early 

portion triserial, later biserial; chambers numerous, 

slightly inflated, increasing gradually in size as added, 

and increasing proportionally in height, triserial portion 

usually occupying about one-half the length of the test, 

followed by higher biserial chambers; sutures indistinct 

unless specimen is dampened, nearly horizontal, 

straight; wall finely arenaceous, surface rough; aperture 

obscure, due to compression of the test.

Length of holotype (fig. 18) 0.44 mm, greatest 

breadth 0.16 mm; and length of paratype of fig. 17, 

0.42 mm, breadth 0.13 mm. Other specimens range 

from 0.36 to 0.49 mm in length.

Remarks.—This species resembles TextUaria racemata 

Terquem and Berthelin, from the Middle Lias of 

France, in possessing low early triserial chambers, with 

higher biserial chambers, but is slightly larger, with a 

shorter triserial portion. It differs from Gaudryina 

kelleri, n. sp., in being smaller, narrower and more 

compressed, and in being much less robust in general 

appearance.

Types and occurrence.-—Holotype (fig. 18) (USNM 

P280), paratype of fig. 17 (USNM P281) and unfigured 

paratypes (USNM P282) all from a core at 2,179-2,199 

feet, and unfigured paratypes (USNM P283) from a core 

at 2,170-2,179 feet, all from the (Upper Pliensbachian) 

Kingak shale of Early Jurassic age, in South Barrow 

Test WeU 3, lat 71°09'40" N., long 156°34'45" W., in 

northern Alaska. This species has a restricted vertical 

range, having been observed in about 30 feet of section 

only.

Gaudryina kelleri Tappan, n. sp,

Plate 13, figure 19

Test free, narrow, elongate, tapering, early portion 

triserial, later regularly biserial; chambers numerous, 

low, increasing gradually in size as added; sutures 

distinct, slightly depressed, nearly horizontal; wall 

finely arenaceous, with occasional larger grains; aperture a low arch at the base of the final chamber.

Length of holotype 0.55 mm, breadth 0.18 mm, thickness 0.13 mm. Paratypes range from 0.39 to 0.73 mm 

in length.
48 FORAMINIFERA FROM THE ARCTIC SLOPE OF ALASKA

Remarks.—This species somewhat resembles Qaudryina foeda (Reuss) from the Upper Cretaceous of Bohemia, in the rounded chambers, short triserial stage 

and elongate biserial portion. It differs in being much 

smaller, and has more depressed sutures. The species 

is named in honor of A. Samuel Keller, who collected 

outcrop samples of Jurassic age used in this study.

Types and occurrence.—Holotype (USNM P761) and 

unfigured paratypes (USNM P762) from a core at 

2,527-2,547 feet (Hettangian? age) in the Kingak shale 

of Early Jurassic age in South Barrow Test Well 3, at 

lat 71°09'40" N., long 156°34'45" W., in northern 

Alaska.

Gaudryina leffingwelli Tappan, n. sp. 

Plate 14, figure 5

Test free, of medium size, flaring; triserial in the early 

portion, with a few of the later chambers biserially 

arranged, chambers inflated and nearly globular, 

increasing gradually in size as added; sutures distinct 

on well-preserved specimens, slightly depressed; wall 

arenaceous, surface roughened; aperture not seen, due 

to crushing of the specimens in preservation.

Length of holotype 0.39 mm, breadth 0.26 mm. 

Paratypes range in length from 0.26 to 0.57 mm.

Remarks.—This species superficially resembles Verneuilinoides tryphera Loeblich and Tappan, from the 

Redwater shale member of the Sundance formation 

(Upper Jurassic) of Wyoming and South Dakota, but is 

larger and more robust, with more inflated chambers 

and a short biserial development. The species is named 

in honor of E. de K. Lefiingwell, in recognition of his 

early exploration in the Mesozoic rocks of northern 

Alaska.

Types and occurrence.—Holotype (USNM P772) and 

unfigured paratypes (USNM P764 and P773) from 

Upper Jurassic rocks in a core at 7,042-7,052 feet, in 

Topagoruk Test Well 1, west of Topagoruk River, at 

lat 70°37/30// N., long 155°53'36" W., in the Arctic 

Coastal Plain, northern Alaska.

Gaudryina milleri Tappan, n. sp.

Plate 8, figures 7-8

Test free, of medium size, subcylindrical, tapered at 

the base; chambers numerous, low and broad, slightly 

inflated, increasing gradually in size as added, triserially arranged in the early portion, for about onehalf the length, then biserial in plan; sutures somewhat 

obscure, a few slightly depressed but generally visible 

best when specimen is dampened; wall arenaceous, of 

medium to coarse grains, surface roughened; aperture 

at the base of the last chamber.

Length of holotype, 0.96 mm, breadth 0.42 mm. 

Other specimens range from 0.47 to 1.04 mm in length.

Remarks.—This species is large and robust, being 

about three times as long as Gaudryina leffingwelli 

n. sp. or G. topagorukensis, n. sp. The chambers are 

larger, the test more cylindrical and the base more 

rounded. The specific name is in honor of Ralph L. 

Miller, chief of Fuels Branch and formerly Geologist in 

charge, Navy Oil Unit, U. S. Geological Survey.

Types and occurrence.—Holotype (USNM Pi082)r 

figured paratype (USNM P1083) and unfigured paratypes (USNM P1084), all from Upper Jurassic rocks, 

approximately at lat 68°24/ N., long 150°55' W., on 

the west bank of Welcome Creek, about 6 miles upstream from its confluence with Kanayut River, in the 

foothills of the Brooks Range, northern Alaska. Collected by William W. Patton, Jr., 1950.

Unfigured paratypes (USNM Pi085), from Upper 

Jurassic rocks, on the west bank of Welcome Creek, 

approximately at lat 68°25' N., long 150°55' W., about 

4 miles upstream from its confluence with Kanayut 

Creek, tributary to the Anaktuvuk River, in the foothills of the Brooks Range, northern Alaska. Collected 

by William W. Patton, Jr., 1950.

Unfigured paratypes (USNM Pi086), from Uppei 

Jurassic rocks (Aucella bronni zone), on the east banl 

of Welcome Creek, approximately at lat 68°24/ N., long 

150°50/ W., about 6 miles upstream from its confluence 

with Kanayut River, in the foothills of the Brooks 

Range, northern Alaska. Collected by William W. 

Patton, Jr., 1950.

Unfigured paratype (USNM Pi087) from Upper 

Jurassic strata (Aucella bronni zone) on the east bank 

of Welcome Creek, approximately at lat 68°26/ N., 

long 150°52' W., about 5 miles upstream from the confluence with Kanayut River, in the foothills of the 

Brooks Range, northern Alaska. Collected by William 

W. Patton, 1950.

Unfigured paratypes (USNM P1088) from Upper 

Jurassic rocks on the west bank of the East Fork of 

the Nanushuk River, approximately at lat 68°25/ N., 

long 150°20' W., about 14 miles airline southeast of the 

confluence with the Nanushuk River, in the foothills 

of the Brooks Range, northern Alaska. Collected by 

William W. Patton, Jr., 1950.

Gaudryina topagorukensis Tappan, n. sp. 

Plate 14, figure 4

Test free, elongate, flattened, early portion triserial, 

later biserial; chambers increasing gradually in size as 

added, slightly inflated, of somewhat greater breadth 

than height; sutures distinct, slightly depressed, horizontal; wall finely arenaceous; aperture textularian in 

the adult.
JURASSIC FORAMINIFERA 49

Length of holotype 0.31 mm, breadth 0.13 mm, 

thickness of biserial portion 0.13 mm. Paratypes range 

from 0.29 to 0.31 mm in length.

Remarks.—This species resembles some specimens 

of Verneuilinoides tryphera Loeblich and Tappan, from 

Upper Jurassic strata of the western Interior, as they 

are of similar size and proportions. The present 

species has a definite biserial stage, however, which 

places it in the genus Gaudryina. It differs from the 

associated Gaudryina leffingwelli, n. sp. in being slightly 

shorter and much narrower, with the sides subparallel 

rather than flaring. The triserial portion is shorter 

than in G. leffingwelli. The present species is about 

one-half to two-thirds the size of the Lower Jurassic 

Gaudryina dyscrita, n. sp., and G. kelleri, n. sp., and has 

more rounded chambers.

Types and occurrence.—Holotype (USNM P774) and 

unfigured paratypes (USNM P775) from Upper Jurassic 

rocks in a core at 7,042-7,052 feet, in Topagortik Test 

Well 1, west of Topagoruk River, at lat 70°37'30" N., 

long 155°53 /36// W., in the Arctic Coastal Plain, 

northern Alaska.

Unfigured paratype (USNM P1089) from Upper 

Jurassic rocks, on the east bank of the East Fork of 

the Nanushuk River, at lat 68°02' N., long 150°27' W., 

about 9 miles airline southeast of the confluence with 

the Nanushuk River, in the foothills of the Brooks 

Range, northern Alaska. Collected by William W. 

Patton, Jr., 1950.

Unfigured paratype (USNM Pi090), from Upper 

Jurassic rocks, in the headwaters of the Anaktuvuk 

River, approximately at lat 68°24' N., long 150°55/ W., 

on the west bank of Welcome Creek, about 6 miles 

upstream from the confluence with Kanayut River, in 

the foothills of the Brooks Range, northern Alaska. 

Collected by William W. Patton, Jr., 1950.

Family VAIVUIINIDAE

Subfamily EGGERELLINAE

Genus DOROTHIA Plummer, 1931

Dorothia (?) squamosa (Terquem and Berthelin)

Plate 14, figures 1-3

Textilaria squamosa Terquem and Berthelin, 1875, M6m. Geol. 

Soc. France, ser. 2, v. 10, no. 3, p. 64, pi. 5, fig. 14.

Test free, stout, elongate, with a rounded base and 

nearly parallel sides; chambers spiral, 4 or 5 to a whorl 

in the early portion, decreasing in number in later 

whorls, until the test becomes biserial, chambers low 

and broad; sutures usually visible as a clear dark line, 

nearly horizontal : wall finely arenaceous, surface rough; 

aperture low, at the inner margin of the final chamber.

Length of hypotype of fig. 1, 0.52 mm, breadth 0.18 

mm; length of hypotype of fig. 2, 0.47 mm, breadth

0.21 mm; length of hypotype of fig. 3, 0.36 mm, breadth 

0.23 mm. Other specimens range from 0.42 to 0.62 

mm in length.

Remarks.—This species is common in the one horizon 

where it has been found, but is restricted in range. In 

general size and appearance, the Alaskan specimens are 

similar to the type of Terquem and Berthelin. As the 

early chamber arrangement has not been described for 

the type, the species is referred questionably to Dorothia.

Types and occurrence.—Figured hypotypes (USNM 

P284a-c) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM P285) all 

from a core at 2478-2496 feet (Sinemurian? age), and 

unfigured hypotypes (USNM P755) from a core at 

2,527-2,547 feet, from the Kingak shale of Early 

Jurassic age in South Barrow Test Well 3, at lat 71°09'- 

40" N., long 156°34'45" W., in northern Alaska.

Family TROCHAMMINIDAE

Subfamily TROCHAMMININAE

Genus TROCHAMMINA Parker and Jones, 1859

Trochammina canningensis Tappan, n. sp.

Plate 14, figures 15-19

Haplophragmium globigeriniforme (Parker and Jones) Hausler, 

1890 (part) (not Lituola nautiloidea Lamarck var. globigeriniformis Parker and Jones, 1865), Abh. Schweiz. Palaon. 

Gesell., v. 17, p. 36, pi. 4, fig. 17 (not figs. 13, 16).

Trochammina globigeriniformis (Parker and Jones) Bartenstein 

and Brand, 1937, Abh. Senckenberg. Naturf. Gesell. Abh. 

439, p. 189, pi. 1A, fig. 21, pi. 4, fig. 13, pi. 5, fig. 76.

Test free, small, subglobular, trochoid; from 5 to 12 

chambers in the \Y% to 2 whorls visible dorsally, only the 

4 to 7 chambers of the last whorl visible on the ventral 

side where the chambers reach to the umbilicus, 

chambers globular and inflated, increasing rapidly in 

size as added; sutures distinct, slightly depressed; wall 

finely arenaceous; aperture slightly ventral from the 

periphery, at the base of the final chamber.

Greatest diameter of holotype (fig. 18) 0.31 mm, 

thickness 0.29 mm. Other specimens range from 0.16 

to 0.55 mm in diameter.

Remarks.—This species is fairly common and has a 

wide distribution in Alaska. It is distinguished by its 

Globigerina-like form, from the other Alaskan species. 

It is slightly larger than the holotype of T. globigeriniformis (Parker and Jones) and has more chambers per 

whorl than does the Recent species. The holotype of 

Parker and Jones' species has but three chambers visible 

ventrally. Brady and others have referred an extremely 

large form to T. globigeriniformis, but it is probably not 

conspecific. A specimen apparently identical with the 

Alaskan form was figured by Hausler, and referred to 

Parker and Jones' species. Two other specimens figured 

by Hausler seem closer to T. sablei, n. sp.
50 FOEAMINIFEEA FEOM THE AECTIC SLOPE OF ALASKA

Types and occurrence.—Holotype (fig. 18) (USNM 

P286), paratype of fig. 15 (USNM P287) and unfigured 

paratypes (USNM P288) from the Kingak shale of Late 

Jurassic age, in the Amoeboceras zone of the upper Oxfordian, at approximately lat 69°32/30// N., long 

146C 23'20" W., on the west bank of the Canning River, 

in northeastern Alaska. Collected by George Gryc,

1947.

Paratype of fig. 16 (USNM P289) and unfigured paratypes (USNM P290) from the Kingak shale of Early 

Jurassic age, in the upper part oi a 160-foot composite 

sample of black shale, from 480-640 feet above the 

basal contact with the Shublik formation of Late Triassic age, at lat 69°35' N., long 145°04' W., in the banks 

of a south-flowing tributary, which enters the Sadlerochit 

River at approximately lat 69°34/30 // N., long 145°03' 

W., on the south slope of the Sadlerochit Mountains in 

northeastern Alaska. Collected by Edward G. Sable,

1948.

Unfigured paratypes (USNM P295) from a core of 

Early Toarcian age at 1,999-2,018 feet; paratype of 

fig. 19 (USNM P291) and unfigured paratypes (USNM 

P292) from a core at 2,109-2,119 feet, unfigured paratypes (USNM P296) from a core at 2,130-2,140 feet, 

unfigured paratypes (USNM P297) from a core at 2,140- 

2,150 feet, unfigured paratypes (USNM P298) from a 

core at 2,150-2,170 feet, paratype of fig. 17 (USNM 

P293) and unfigured paratypes (USNM P294) from a 

core at 2,170-2,179 feet, all of Late Pliensbachian age; 

and unfigured paratypes (USNM P299) from a core 

(Lower Lias) at 2,251-2,271 feet; all from the Kingak 

shale of Early Jurassic age in South Barrow Test Well 

3, at lat 71°09'40" N., long 156°34/45// W., in northern 

Alaska.

Unfigured paratypes (USNM P300) from a core at 

2,341-2,356 feet, in the Kingak shale of Early Jurassic 

age, in South Barrow Test Well 2, at lat 71°15/51.34// 

N., long 156°37/55.25// W., in northern Alaska.

Unfigured paratypes (USNM P776) from Upper 

Jurassic rocks in a core at 7,042-7,052 feet, in Topagoruk Test Well 1, west of Topagoruk River, at lat 

70°37/30// N., long 155°53'36" W., in the Arctic 

Coastal Plain of northern Alaska.

Trochammina gryci Tappan, n. sp. 

Plate 14, figures 12-14

Trochammina nana (Brady) Bartenstein and Brand, 1937 (not 

Haplophragmium nanum Brady, 1881), Abh. Senckenberg. 

Naturforsch. Gesell., Abh. 439, p. 190, pi. 2B, figs. 40a, b, 

text figs. 20a-c.

Test free, trochoid, high-spired, periphery broadly 

rounded; chambers increasing gradually in size as 

added, all chambers of the approximately three whorls 

visible dorsally, only the 8 to 10 of the final whorl

visible ventrally, chambers somewhat inflated; sutures 

slightly depressed, radial; wall finely arenaceous; aperture at the base of the final chamber, ventral in position.

Greatest diameter of holotype in fig. 13, 0.44 mm, 

least diameter 0.36 mm, thickness 0.26 mm. Other 

specimens range from 0.31 to 0.49 mm in diameter.

Remarks.—The Alaskan specimens are slightly higher 

spired than those figured by Bartenstein and Brand, 

but the specimens of this genus are very frequently 

distorted in preservation, and the Alaskan and German 

specimens are probably conspecific. They differ from 

the Recent Trochammina nana (Brady) in having a 

more convex dorsal surface and a wider ventral umbilicus and are about twice as large. The present 

species differs from the Upper Jurassic (Oxfordian) 

Trochammina lathetica Loeblich and Tappan in being 

higher spired and about twice as large.

Types and occurrence.—Holotype (USNM P301), 

paratypes of figs. 12 and 14 (USNM P302a-b) and unfigured paratypes (USNM P303) from the Amoeboceras 

zone (Upper Oxfordian) of the Kingak shale, at approximately lat 69°32/30// N., long 146°23/20// W., on the 

west bank of the Canning River in northeastern Alaska. 

Collected by George Gryc, 1947.

Unfigured hypotypes (USNM P604) from the Amoeboceras zone (Upper Oxfordian) of the Kingak shale, 

at approximately lat 69°33' N., long 146°23' W., on 

the west bank of the Camring River in northeastern 

Alaska. Collected by George Gryc, 1947.

Trochammina sablei Tappan, n. sp. 

Plate 14, figures 6-9

Haplophragmium globigeriniforme (Parker and Jones) Hausler, 

1890 (part) (not Lituola nautiloidea Lamarck var. gldbigeriniformis Parker and Jones, 1865), Abh. Schweiz. Palaon. 

Gesell., v. 17, p. 36, pi. 4, figs. 13, 16 (not fig. 17).

Test free, discoidal, trochoid but low-spired, periphery 

rounded; chambers numerous, 6 to 8 in the final whorl, 

about 2% whorls visible dorsally, earlier whorls partly 

concealed ventrally, chambers rounded in side view, 

inflated; sutures slightly depressed, straight or moderately curved; wall finely arenaceous; aperture obscure.

Greatest diameter of holotype (fig. 6) 0.44 mm, 

least diameter 0.34 mm, thickness 0.13 mm. Other 

specimens range from 0.18 to 0.49 mm in diameter.

Remarks.—This species is variable in preservation, 

some specimens being inflated (as figs. 6 and 8) and 

others much compressed (figs. 7 and 9). The specimens figured by Hausler are quite similar to the Alaskan 

specimens and the present species differs from the 

Recent Trochammina globigeriniformis (Parker and 

Jones) in having a distinct spire of about 2% whorls, 

with 6 to 8 chambers in the final whorl, rather than 

only 3 to 4, and in being smaller and more compressed.
JURASSIC TORAMINIFERA 51

Types and occurrence.—Unfigured paratypes (USNM 

P309) from a core at 1,999-2,018 feet, paratype of fig. 

8 (USNM P307) and unfigured paratypes (USNM 

P308) from a core at 2,028-2,033 feet, holotype of fig. 6 

(USNM P304), paratypes of figs. 7 and 9 (USNM 

P305a-b) and unfigured paratypes (USNM P306) all 

from a core at 2,028-2,048 feet, unfigured paratype 

(USNM P310) from a core at 2,048-2,068 feet, all of 

Early Toarcian age; unfigured paratypes (USNM P311) 

from a core at 2,130-2,140 feet, unfigured paratypes 

(USNM P312) from a core at 2,140-2,150 feet, unfigured paratypes (USNM P313) from a core at 2,150- 

2,160 feet, unfigured paratypes (USNM P314) from a 

core at 2,170-2,179 feet, all of Late Pliensbachian age; 

unfigured paratypes (USNM P315) from a core at 

2,251-2,271 feet, unfigured paratypes (USNM P316) 

from a core at 2,271-2,281 feet, unfigured paratypes 

(USNM P317) from a core at 2,300-2,320 feet, and unfigured paratype (USNM P318) from a core at 2,320- 

2,323 feet, all from the (Lower Lias) Kingak shale of 

Early Jurassic age in South Barrow Test Well 3, at lat 

71°09'40" N., long 156°34'45" W., in northern Alaska.

Unfigured paratype (USNM P319) from a core at 

2,341-2,356 feet in the Kingak shale of Early Jurassic 

age in South Barrow Test Well 2, at lat 71°15'51.34" N., 

long 156°37'55.25" W., in northern Alaska.

Unfigured paratypes (USNM P322) from Lower 

Jurassic rocks in a core at 5,866-5,874 feet, in Simpson 

Test Well 1, at lat 70°57'05" N., long 155°21'45"W., 

west of Cape Simpson, in northern Alaska.

Unfigured paratypes (USNM P320) from the Kingak 

shale, in the lower part of a 160-foot section of black 

shale, from 480-640 feet stratigraphically above the 

basal contact with the Shublik formation of Late 

Triassic age, and unfigured paratypes (USNM P321) 

from the Kingak shale in a 60-foot zone of black shale, 

the highest beds exposed, 2,580-2,640 feet above the 

Triassic contact, all of Early Jurassic age, at lat 69°35' 

N., long 145°04' W., in the banks of a southwardflowing tributary which enters the Sadlerochit River 

at approximately lat 69°34'30" N., long 145°03/ W., 

on the south slope of the Sadlerochit Mountains, in 

northeastern Alaska. Collected by Edward G. Sable, 

1948.

Trochammina topagorukensis Tappan, n. sp. 

Plate 14, figures 10-11

Test free, trochoid, plano-convex, high-spired, periphery subacute; chambers numerous, from 4 to 6 in a 

whorl, with about 4 in the whorl in the early portion, 

increasing to about 6 in later whorls, and reduced again 

in the final whorl to 4, chambers inflated ventrally 

but not dorsally; sutures distinct, slightly depressed, 

approximately radiate ventrally, but curving backwards at the periphery on the dorsal side; wall finely 

arenaceous, surface granular in appearance; aperture 

not observed due to the poor preservation and crushed 

character of the specimens.

Greatest diameter of holotype 0.31 mm, height of 

spire 0.21 mm.

Remarks.—This species resembles Trochammina 

gryci, n. sp. in the high spire, but differs in being somewhat smaller, in having only 4 to 6 chambers per whorl, 

rather than 8 to 10, and in the chambers being globular 

and inflated ventrally and the sutures curved and 

oblique dorsally, instead of straight and radial.

Types and occurrence.—Holotype (USNM P777), 

figured paratype (USNM P778) and unfigured paratypes (USNM P779) from Upper Jurassic rocks in a 

core at 7,042-7,052 feet, in Topagoruk Test Well 1, 

west of Topagoruk River, at lat 70°37'30" N., long 

155°53'36" W., in the Arctic Coastal Plain, northern 

Alaska.

Family NODOSARIIDAE

Genus DARBYELLA Howe and Wallace, 1933

Darbyella volgensis Tappan, new name

Plate 15, figure 10

Cristellaria magna Myatliuk, 1939 (not Cristellaria magna Costa, 

1856), Neftianyi geologo-razvedochnyi Institut, Trudy, ser. 

A, v. 120, pp. 52, 71, pi. 3, figs. 32, 34.

Test free, lenticular, trochoid, periphery with a slight 

keel; only the 8 to 11 chambers of the final whorl visible 

ventrally around the depressed umbilicus, with the 

earlier chambers and the central boss also visible on the 

dorsal side; sutures distinct, slightly curved backward 

at the periphery, thickened, but flush or only slightly 

elevated; wall calcareous, surface smooth, except for 

the slightly elevated sutures; apertural angle broken on 

the three Alaskan hypotypes, but originally described 

by Myatliuk as a small rounded opening at the peripheral angle.

Greatest diameter of figured hypotype 0.62 mm, least 

diameter 0.52 mm, thickness 0.23 mm. Greatest diameter of larger unfigured hypotype 0.60 mm, least 

diameter 0.47 mm. Greatest diameter of smaller unfigured hypotype 0.21 mm.

Remarks.—Cristellaria magna Myatliuk, 1939, was 

preoccupied by Cristellaria magna Costa, 1856, hence a 

new name is here proposed for the Jurassic species. 

The types are from Upper Jurassic strata (Lower 

Volga series) in the Saratov District, U. S. S. R. The 

species is here referred to the genus Darbyella Howe and 

Wallace, 1933, because of its trochoid character. In 

view of the many species which show gradations between Lenticulina and Darbyella (such as the present 

species Lenticulina wisniowskii (Myatliuk), and Lenticulina toarcense Payard, as well as many other Jurassic
52 FORAMINIFERA FROM THE ARCTIC SLOPE OF ALASKA

and Lower Cretaceous forms) it seems probable that 

these genera may later be proved to be synonymous. 

However, this cannot be certain until a restudy is made 

of the type species of Darbyella, and as the present 

species fits the generic description, it is so referred.

The Alaskan specimens are smaller than the average 

of Myatliuk's species, but fall within the size limits 

given in the original description. Only 3 specimens 

have been found in Alaska, and they have a few less 

chambers in the final whorl (8) than Myatliuk recorded 

(11). As the number of chambers per whorl is greater 

in adult specimens than in the smaller forms, this is 

considered to be due to the juvenile character of the 

Alaskan specimens, and they are believed conspecific 

because of the general agreement of characters.

Types and occurrence.—Figured hypotype (USNM 

P800) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM P801) from 

Upper Jurassic rocks in a core at 7,042-7052 feet, in 

Topagoruk Test Well 1, west of Topagoruk River, 

at lat 70°37'30" N., long 155°53'36" W., in the Arctic 

Coastal Plain, northern Alaska.

Genus LENTICULINA Lamarck, 1804

lenticulina excavata (Terquem)

Plate 16, figures 4-7

Cristellaria excavata Terquem, 1864, Acad. Imp. Metz., M£m. 

Ann. 44 (ser. 2, ann. 11), pt. 2, p. 418, pi. 10, figs. 2a-b.

Test free, lenticular, planispiral, occasional specimens 

not completely involute (fig. 6), periphery carinate; 8 

to 11 chambers in the final whorl, increasing gradually 

in size as added; sutures distinct, gently curved, flush 

with the surface; wall calcareous, surface smooth; aperture radiate, slightly produced at the dorsal angle.

Greatest diameter of hypotype of fig. 7, 0.73 mm, 

thickness 0.34 mm. Other hypotypes range from 0.26 

to 0.91 mm in diameter.

Remarks.—The type figures of Terquem, although 

somewhat diagrammatic, are very like the specimens 

here shown in figs. 4 and 7, having a lesser number of 

chambers per whorl than does Lenticulina prima 

(d'Orbigny), which it otherwise resembles in the presence of an excavated umbilical area. This species was 

described from the Ammonites davoei zone of the middleLias of France.

Types and occurrence.—Hypotype of fig. 5 (USNM 

P323) from a core at 1,778-1,798 feet, unfigured hypotypes (USNM P324) from a core at 2,028-2,048 feet, 

all of Early Toarcian age; hypotype of fig. 7 (USNM 

P325) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM P326) from a 

core at 2,109-2,119 feet, unfigured hypotypes (USNM 

P327) from a core at 2,130-2,140 feet, unfigured hypotypes (USNM P328) from a core at 2,140-2,150 feet, 

unfigured hypotype (USNM P329) from a core at 2,170-

2,179 feet, all of Late Pliensbachian age; unfigured 

hypotypes (USNM P330) from a core at 2,300-2,320 

feet, hypotype of fig. 4 (USNM P331) and unfigured 

hypotypes (USNM P332) from a core at 2,320-2,323 

feet, hypotype of fig. 6 (USNM P333) and unfigured 

hypotypes (USNM P334) from a core at 2,468-2,478 

feet, all (Lower Lias) from the Kingak shale of Early 

Jurassic age in South Barrow Test Well No. 3, at lat 

71°09'40" N., long 156°34'45" W., in northern Alaska.

Unfigured hypotypes (USNM P335) from a core in 

the Kingak shale of Early Jurassic age at 2,356 feet, in 

South Barrow Test Well 2, at lat 71°15'51.34" N., long 

156°37'55.25" W., in northern Alaska.

Unfigured hypotype (USNM P336) from a core at 

6,067-6,077 feet, in Lower Jurassic rocks in Simpson 

Test Well 1, at lat 70°57'05" N., long 155°21'45" W., 

west of Cape Simpson, in northern Alaska.

Lenticulina prima (d'Orbigny) 

Plate 16, figures 8-11

Cristellaria prima d'Orbigny, 1850, Prod. pale"on. strat. unh. 

des anim. moll., Paris, vol. 1, p. 242; Terquem, 1858, Me"m. 

Acad. Imp. Metz., ann. 39, (ser. 2, ann. 6), p. 621, pi. 3, 

figs. 16a-b; Berthelin, 1879, Rev. Mag. Zool., 3rd ser., v. 7, 

p. 29, pi. 1, figs. 5, 6; Macfadyen, 1936, Roy. Micr. Soc. 

London, Jour, ser. 3, v. 56, pi. 1, figs. 266a-b.

Lenticulina prima (d'Orbigny) Payard, 1947, Foram. Lias Supe"rieur, p. 91, pi. 7, figs. 8-10.

Test large, flattened to lenticular, planispiral, with 

the final chamber occasionally showing a tendency to 

uncoil (fig. 11), umbilical area excavated, periphery 

carinate; chambers numerous in the coil, 10-13 in the 

last whorl, low and broad; sutures distinct, gently 

curved, very slightly depressed; wall calcareous, surface 

smooth; aperture at the dorsal angle, distinctly radiate 

on well preserved specimens.

Greatest diameter of hypotype of fig. 8, 1.04 mm, 

least diameter 0.86 mm, thickness 0.39 mm; greatest 

diameter of hypotype of fig. 9, 1.61 mm, greatest diameter of hypotype of fig. 10, 0.39 mm, greatest diameter 

of hypotype of fig. 11, 1.46 mm.

Remarks.—The specimens of figs. 9 and 11 are very 

similar to the types from the Lias of France, as figured 

by Macfadyen (1936), in the large size, slight keel, 

numerous chambers, slightly curved sutures and 

central depression.

Many uncoiled forms have been erroneously referred 

to this species, probably because one of d'Orbigny's 

specimens had a last chamber which did not reach the 

coil. This chamber was much smaller than the earlier 

chambers, and its small size and consequent failure to 

reach the coil was probably due to senility. Franke 

(1936) and Bartenstein and Brand (1937) figured only 

specimens with many uncoiled chambers, referring them 

to Cristellaria (Astacolus) prima d'Orbigny. However>
JURASSIC FORAMINIFERA 53

their specimens had a much smaller number of chambers 

In the coil (as few as 6) or in some instances (Bartenstein 

and Brand, 1937, pi. 2a, fig. 17) without a distinct coil 

at all. These specimens are unlike the types of 

d'Orbigny and should be referred to a distinct species 

of either Astacolus or Vaginulinopsis.

Types and occurrence.—Hypotype of fig. 9 (USNM 

P337) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM P338) from a 

core at 2,099-2,109 feet, hypotype of fig. 11 (USNM 

P339) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM P340) from a 

core at 2,109-2,119 feet, unfigured hypotypes (USNM 

P341) from a core at 2,130-2,140 fee*,, hypotype of 

fig. 8 (USNM P342) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM 

P343) from a core at 2,140-2,150 feet, unfigured hypotypes (USNM P344) from a core at 2,150-2,170 feet, 

all of Late Pliensbachian age; and hypotype of fig. 10 

(USNM P345) from a core (Lower Lias) at 2,320-2,323 

ieet; all from the Kingak shale of Early Jurassic age in 

South Barrow Test Well 3, at lat 71°09'40" N., long 

156°34'45" W., in northern Alaska.

Lenticulina toarcense Fayard 

Plate 15, figures 1-9

Cristellaria (Lenticulina} subalata Reuss Franke, 1936 (not Cristellaria subalata Reuss, 1854), Abh. Preuss. Geol. Landesanst., 

Neue Folge, no. 169, p. 115, pi. 11, fig. 19; Bartenstein and 

Brand, 1937, Abh. Senckenberg. Naturforsch. Gesell., no. 439, 

p. 176, pi. 6, figs. 35a-c, pi. 9, figs. 54a-c, pi. 10, figs. 41a-b, 

pi. 11 A, figs. 15a-b, pi. 11B, figs. 22a-b, pi. 12A, figs. 18a-c, 

pi. 12B, fig. 16, pi. 13, figs. 38a-c, pi. 14, figs. 16a-b, pl.!5A, 

figs. 35a-c.

Lenticulina toarcense Payard, 1947, Foram. d. Lias Superieur 

du Detroit Poitevin, Thesis, p. 88, pi. 7, fig. 1.

Test free, large, lenticular, biumbonate, normally 

symmetrically coiled and involute, but occasional specimens show a tendency to uncoil (fig. 2) or become 

slightly trochoid (figs. 1,5), periphery keeled; chambers 

numerous, 8 to 11 in the final whorl; sutures gently 

curved, thickened and raised, meeting centrally at an 

elevated umbonal boss; wall calcareous, hyaline,smooth; 

aperture distinctly radiate, at the peripheral angle.

Greatest diameter of hypotype of fig. 1, 0.91 mm, 

greatest diameter of hypotype of fig. 2, 0.94 mm, least 

diameter 0.65 mm, thickness 0.34 mm, greatest diameter 

of hypotype of fig. 3, 0.78 mm, thickness 0.34 mm, 

greatest diameter of hypotype of fig. 7, 0.55 mm, and 

greatest diameter of hypotype of fig. 8, 1.09 mm. Other 

specimens range from 0.21 to 1.17 mm in diameter.

Remarks.—This species was described from the Toarcian (Upper Lias) of France, and was recorded from 

Toarcian to Aalenian (Upper Lias). It somewhat 

resembles Lenticulina polygonata (Franke), but differs 

in having more chambers in the coil, and a more rounded 

periphery. The specimens figured by Bartenstein and 

Brand were apparently identical with this species, with

large umbonal boss and raised and limbate sutures, but 

were referred to the Upper Cretaceous species, Cristellaria subalata Reuss. The Cretaceous species differs 

in averaging about twice as large, has fewer chambers 

and a more prominent keel. The aperture of Lenticulina toarcense is more pronounced and distinctly 

radiate.

Types and occurrence.—Unfigured hypotypes (USNM 

P438) from a core at 1,979-1,999 feet, hypotypes of 

figs. 8, 9 (USNM P349a-b) and unfigured hypotypes 

(USNM P350) from a core at 2,028-2,033 feet, unfigured hypotypes (USNM P351) from a core at 2,028- 

2,048 feet, hypotypes of figs. 2 and 6 (USNM P352a-b) 

from a core at 2,048-2,068 feet, all of Early Toarcian 

age; unfigured hypotype (USNM P353) from a core at 

2,140-2,150 feet, hypotypes of figs. 4 and 5 (USNM 

P354a-b) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM P355) from 

a core at 2,150-2,170 feet, hypotypes of figs. 1 and 3 

(USNM P356a-b) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM 

P357) from a core at 2,170-2,179 feet, unfigured hypotypes (USNM P358) from a core at 2,179-2,199 feet, 

all of Late Pliensbachian age, and hypotype of fig. 7 

(USNM P359) from a core (Lower Lias) at 2,468-2,478 

feet, all from the Kingak shale of Early Jurassic age in 

South Barrow Test Well 3, at lat 71°09'40" N., long 

156°34'45" W., in northern Alaska.

Lenticulina varians (Bornemann) 

Plate 18, figure 1

Cristellaria varians Bornemann, 1854, Ueber Liasformation 

Umgegend Gottingen, p. 41, pi. 4, figs. 32-34; Blake,1876, 

in Tate and Blake, The Yorkshire Lias, p. 466, pi. 17, fig. 27, 

pi. 19, fig. 16; Crick and Sherborn, 1891, Jour. Northamptonshire Nat. Hist. Soc., v. 6, p. 213, pi. fig. 30; Crick and 

Sherborn, 1892, Ibid., v. 7, p. 70, pi. 2, figs. 15. 16.

Cristellaria (Lenticulina) varians Bornemann f. typica Franke, 

1936, Abh. Preuss. Geol. Landesanst., Neue Folge, no. 169, 

p. 112, pi. 11, figs. 9-11.

Cristellaria (Lenticulina) varians Bornemann f. recta Franke, 1936 

(not Cristellaria recta d'Orbigny, 1840), Ibid., p. 113, pi. 11, 

fig. 12.

Cristellaria (Lenticulina) varians Bornemann and forma a. Bartenstein and Brand, 1937 (part), Abh. Senckenberg. Naturf. 

Gesell. no. 439, p. 176, pi. 1A, fig. 18, pi. 2A, figs. 16, 20, pi. 

2B, fig. 32, pi. 3, fig. 31, pi. 5, fig. 60.

Lenticulina varians (Bornemann) forma recta (Franke) Payard, 

1947, Foram. Lias Sup6rieur, p. 86, pi. 7, figs. 3-5.

Lenticulina varians (Bornemann) Barnard 1950b (part, not 

Lenticulina (Flabellina') varians (Bornemann) of Barnard), 

Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, v. 106, pt. 1, p. 8, pi. 2, 

figs. 3-4 (not 6-6), text figs. 2a-c (not d-e).

Test free, planispiral, biumbonate, periphery keeled; 

chambers numerous, low and broad, from 8 to 12 in 

number, final one or two may tend to uncoil; sutures 

distinct, may be slightly thickened, nearly straight to 

slightly curved; wall calcareous, surface smooth; aperture 

radiate, at the dorsal angle.
54 FORAMINIFERA FROM THE ARCTIC SLOPE OF ALASKA

Greatest diameter of figured hypotype 0.83 mm, 

least diameter 0.62 mm, thickness 0.39 mm. Other 

hypotypes range in diameter from 0.60 to 0.62 mm.

Remarks.—This species has more numerous chambers 

than the associated Lenticulina excavata and L. toarcense, and is strongly biconvex. It differs from L. 

excavata and L. prima in being strongly umbonate. 

The sutures are also less curved than in these associated 

species.

Many somewhat uncoiled specimens have been 

referred to this species by various authors, and the type 

specimen of Bornemann shows a tendency in this 

direction. The three Alaska specimens are not sufficiently large to have developed this feature.

Bartenstein and Brand (1937) recorded a more umbonate species with thickened sutures under this name, 

from their Dogger material.

Franke (1936) erected three varieties for this species, 

and placed Cristellaria granulata Bornemann, as a 

fourth variety of C. varians. Payard (1947) referred 

his specimens, and those figured and described by 

Bornemann (1854), Bartenstein and Brand (1937) and 

Wicher (1938) all to Lenticulina varians (Bornemann) 

forma recta (Franke). This can not be done, as the 

forma typica Franke must contain the type of the 

species and was so defined by Franke (the type specimen being that of Bornemann, 1854, pi. 4, tig. 33). On 

the plate description Payard identified his figured 

specimens only as Lenticulina varians (Bornemann), 

and none were referred to any forma. Franke defined 

the forma recta to include specimens in which the last 

chambers showed a tendency to uncoil, but as the 

species is variable, it seems to the writer that these 

should be considered only as adult or gerontic individuals, not requiring a distinct name. The name recta 

is not available in any case, as it was preoccupied by C. 

recta d'Orbigny, 1840.

At the other extreme, Barnard (1950b) included with 

this species a Flabellina whose early coil resembled 

Lenticulina varians. From his illustrations, it would 

appear that these Flabellina coils have much lower and 

wider chambers than does the true Lenticulina varians. 

Furthermore, it is better to separate this form as a 

distinct species (although perhaps a descendent of L. 

varians), rather than to use the same specific name for 

forms belonging to two distinct sub-genera. In fact, 

it is legally impossible to consider a single species as 

belonging to two genera or subgenera.

Types and occurrence.—Figured hypotype (USNM 

P346) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM P347) from a 

core (Upper Pliensbachian) at 2,170-2,179 feet in the 

Kingak shale of Early Jurassic age in South Barrow 

Test Well 3, at lat 71°09'40" N., long 156°34'45" W., 

in northern Alaska.

Lenticulina wisniowskii (Myatliuk)

Plate 16, figures 1-3

Cristellaria wisniowskii Myatliuk, 1939, Neftianyi geologorazvedochnyi Instit., Trudy, ser. A, fasc. 120, pp. 57, 73, 

pi. 4, figs. 43a, b.

Test free, lenticular, periphery acute; chambers 

numerous, about 7 to 8 in the final whorl, and sometimes asymmetrical so that the chambers reach to the 

umbilical region on the ventral side, but extend only 

about one-half the distance from the periphery on the 

opposite side, so that all chambers of approximately \% 

whorls may be visible; sutures distinct, thickened, 

slightly curved backwards; wall calcareous, perforate, 

surface smooth; aperture radiate, at the peripheral 

angle.

Greatest diameter of hypotype of fig. 1, 0.70 mm, 

least diameter 0.65 mm, thickness 0.26 mm. Greatest 

diameter of hypotype of fig. 3, 0.47 mm, least diameter 

0.36 mm, greatest thickness 0.18 mm. Other specimens range from 0.26 to 0.52 mm in diameter.

Remarks.—The Alaskan specimens are similar to the 

Russian type in size, number of chambers, suture 

curvature, central boss and radiate aperture, although 

a few are somewhat asymmetrical. Because of the 

great variability in the Jurassic nodosarids, these somewhat trochoid forms are included in the present species 

with the otherwise similar planispiral forms.

Types and occurrence.—Hypotypes of figs. 1 and 3 

(USNM P360a-b) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM 

P361) from Upper Jurassic strata at lat 68°24' N., long 

150°55' W., on the west bank of Welcome Creek, about 

6 miles upstream from its confluence with Kanayut 

River, in the foothills of the Brooks Range, in northern 

Alaska. Collected by William W. Patton, 1950.

Unfigured hypotypes (USNM P749) from Upper 

Jurassic rocks, about three miles east of the Siksikpuk 

River, at approximately lat 68°40' N., long 151 °54' W., 

in the foothills of the Brooks Range, in northern Alaska. 

CoUected by William W. Patton, 1950.

Hypotype of fig. 2 (USNM P780) and unfigured 

hypotypes (USNM P781) from Upper Jurassic rocks, 

in a core at 7,042-7,052 feet in Topagoruk Test Well 

1, west of Topagoruk River, lat 70°37'30" N., long 

155°53'36" W., in the Arctic Coastal Plain, northern 

Alaska.

Unfigured hypotype (USNM Pi 091) from Upper 

Jurassic strata, on the west bank of Welcome Creek, 

approximately at lat 68°25' N., long 150°55' W., about 

4 miles upstream from its confluence with Kanayut 

River, a tributary to the Anaktuvuk River, in the 

foothills of the Brooks Range, northern Alaska. Collected by William W. Patton, Jr., 1950.
JURASSIC FORAMINIFEBA 55

Unfigured hypo type (USNM Pi 092) from Upper 

Jurassic strata, on the west bank of the East Fork of 

the Nanushuk River, at lat 68°25' N., long 150°20' W., 

about 14 miles airline southeast of the confluence with 

the Nanushuk River, in the foothills of the Brooks 

.Range, northern Alaska. Collected by William W. 

Patton, Jr., 1950.

Genus ASTACOLUS Montfort, 1808 

Astacolus arietis (Terquem)

Plate 19, figures 1-5

Cristellaria arietis Tetquem, 1866, Sixikme Mkm. Foram. Lias 

de 1'Indre Moselle, Metz, p. 510, pi. 21, fig. 30.

?Cristellaria cinctella Terquem, 1866, Ibid., p. 516, pi. 22, figs. 

6a-b.

Test free, somewhat compressed, lenticular in edge 

view, planispirally coiled in the early stages, later tending to uncoil but the last chamber reaching quite far 

backwards, periphery with a keel; chambers numerous, 

as many as 15, low and broad, increasing rapidly in 

breadth, but very slowly in height; sutures distinct, 

dark in color, slightly curved; wall calcareous, hyaline, 

surface smooth; aperture at the peripheral angle, 

radiate.

Length of specimen in fig. 3, 1.14 mm, greatest 

breadth 0.78 mm, greatest thickness 0.34 mm. Other 

specimens range in length from 0.36 to 1.20 mm, and 

in breadth from 0.21 to 0.57 mm.

Remarks.—The type of this species, from the Middle 

Lias of France is similar to the specimen of fig. 3, in 

size, breadth, character of chambers and peripheral 

keel. Astacolus cinctella, (Terquem) from the lower 

Lias (Sinemurian) may be a narrower form of the same 

species, as it is very similar to the Alaskan specimen of 

fig. 2, and resembles the type of A. arietis in the low 

broad chambers and peripheral keel, but has a slightly 

narrower test. Until the types are reexamined, this 

synonomy can only be suggested however.

Types and occurrence.—Hypotypes of figs. 1-3 

(USNM P362a-c) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM 

P363) from a core at 2,099-2,109 feet, hypotype of fig. 

5 (USNM P364) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM 

P365) from a core at 2,109-2,119 feet, unfigured hypotypes (USNM P366) from a core at 2,130-2,140 feet, 

unfigured hypotypes (USNM P367) from a core at 

2,140-2,150 feet, hypotype of fig. 4 (USNM P368) and 

unfigured hypotypes (USNM P369) from a core at 

2,150-2,170 feet, all from the Upper Pliensbachian; 

unfigured hypotypes (USNM P370) from a core (Lower 

Lias) at 2,468-2,478 feet, and unfigured hypotypes 

(USNM P371) from a core (Lower Lias) at 2,478- 

2,496 feet; all from the Kingak shale (Lower Jurassic) 

in South Barrow Test Well 3, at lat 71°09'40" N., 

long 156°34'45" W., in northern Alaska.

320475—55———4

Astacolus calliopsis Tappan, n. sp. 

Plate 17, figures 12-17

Test free, subovate in outline, compressed, early portion coiled, later uncoiling and becoming rectilinear, 

outer margin with a keel; 9 to 12 chambers, increasing 

slowly in height and rapidly in breadth as added, early 

chambers of the microspheric form (fig. 12) with an 

almost involute coil, and megalospheric specimens (fig. 

16) with a less pronounced coil, later rectilinear chambers of comparatively greater thickness, final chambers 

nearly cylindrical; sutures distinct, dark in color, 

slightly curved; wall calcareous, hyaline, ornamented 

with 4 to 9 rather irregular and slightly oblique longitudinal costae which may appear, traverse two to four 

chambers and then disappear, terminal portion of final 

chamber smooth; aperture at the peripheral angle, 

radiate.

Length of holotype 0.55 mm, breadth 0.31 mm, thickness 0.18 mm, length of paratype of fig. 12, 0.52 mm, 

breadth 0.29 mm, thickness 0.18 mm, and length of 

paratype of fig. 16, 0.75 mm. Other specimens range 

in length from 0.29 to 0.81 mm.

Remarks.—Astacolus calliopsis, n. sp. resembles 

Astacolus breoni (Terquem) from the davoei beds of the 

French middle Lias, but is about one-fourth to onethird as large, much less compressed, has less regularly 

parallel ribs, and the final chamber is higher.

Types and occurrence.—Holotype (fig. 17) (USNM 

P372), paratype of fig. 15 (USNM P373) and unfigured 

paratypes (USNM P374) from a core at 2,109-2,119 

feet, paratypes of figs. 13 and 14 (USNM P375a-b) and 

unfigured paratypes (USNM P376) from a core at 

2,150-2,170 feet, of Late Pliensbachian age; paratype 

of fig. 16 (USNM P377) and unfigured paratypes 

(USNM P378) from a core (Lower Lias) at 2,468-2,478 

feet, and paratype of fig. 12 (USNM P379) and unfigured paratypes (USNM P380) from a core (Lower 

Lias) at 2,478-2,496 feet, from the Kingak shale of 

Early Jurassic age in South Barrow Test Well 3, at 

lat 71°09'40" N., long 156°34/45// W., in northern 

Alaska.

Astacolus daintreei (Chapman)

Plate 18, figure 13

Cristellaria daintreei Chapman, 1904, Roy. Soe. Victoria, 

Proe., v. 16, n. s., pt. 2, art. 13, p. 194, pi. 22, fig. 13.

Test free, early portion planispiral and involute, later 

uncoiling and somewhat compressed, chambers low and 

broad, 6 to 9 in number, increasing very gradually in 

size as added; sutures distinct, curved and slightly depressed, with the next succeeding chamber somewhat 

raised adjacent to the suture, giving them a pseudolimbate appearance; wall calcareous, hyaline, surface 

smooth or faintly striate, the striations most prominent
56 FORAMINIFERA PROM THE ARCTIC SLOPE OF ALASKA

across the inflated basal portion of each chamber, adjacent to the suture, but occasionally extending across 

the remainder of the chamber although less distinct; 

aperture at the peripheral angle, radiate.

Length of figured hypotype 0.60 mm, greatest breadth 

of coil 0.34 mm, breadth of uniserial portion 0.34 mm, 

thickness 0.21 mm. Other specimens range from 0.39 

to 0.49 mm in length.

Remarks.—The Alaskan specimens are very similar 

to the type as figured by Chapman from the Jurassic of 

western Australia, and differ from other Jurassic species 

of this genus in the character of the ornamentation.

Types and occurrence.—This species has been noted 

in a single core in Alaska. The figured hypotype 

(USNM P381) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM P382) 

are from a core (Upper Pliensbachian) at 2,150-2,170 

feet, in the Kingak shale of Early Jurassic age in South 

Barrow Test Well 3, at lat 71°09'40" N., long 156°34/ 

45" W., in northern Alaska.

Astacolus dubius (Franke) 

Plate 18, figures 5-9

Cristellaria (Astacolus) dubia Franke, 1936, Abh. Preuss. Geol. 

Landesanst., Neue Folge, no. 169, p. 107, pi. 10, fig. 17.

Test free, early portion planispiral but somewhat 

evolute, later portion uncoiling, although chambers 

extend far back toward the coil on the inner margin, 

periphery rounded to subacute; from 7 to 9 chambers 

in the coil surrounding the globular proloculus, followed by 2 to 3 uncoiling chambers, chambers increasing more rapidly in breadth than in height, but final 

chamber may be as much as twice as high as the preceding one; sutures distinct, slightly depressed to 

flush, very gently curved; wall calcareous, surface 

smooth; aperture radiate, at the dorsal angle.

Length of hypotype of fig. 6, 0.47 mm, of fig. 8, 0.99 

mm, length of hypotype of fig. 9, 0.83 mm, breadth 

of coil 0.52 mm, greatest thickness 0.26 mm.

Remarks.—The Alaskan specimens of figs. 6 and 9 

resemble closely that figured by Franke in size, the compressed test, character of the slightly evolute coil, 

curved sutures and few free chambers. Franke stated 

that his specimens had only one to two uncoiling chambers, while that here shown in fig. 3 has three. In 

all other respects they are nearly identical. Franke's 

types were from the Middle Lias of Germany.

The specimen here shown in fig. 8 somewhat resembles Cristellaria amaena Terquem, but the latter has an 

involute coil and the later chambers are higher and 

more numerous, and the sutures more horizontal than 

in Astacolus dubius. Cristellaria acuminate Terquem is 

also similar, but has an involute coil and much more 

flattened test.

According to Thalmann (1939, p. 426), Cristellaria 

(Astacolus) dubia Franke is preoccupied by Robulina 

dubia Seguenza, 1880. This would be true only if 

both species were later placed in the same genus, and 

by some workers Cristellaria is used for all coilejl 

nodosarids, with the other genera considered as subgenera. If these two species were thus placed in 

Cristellaria, Franke's name would be a homonym. 

However, present American usage does not recognize 

Cristellaria as a generic name, the species which would 

be included in it being placed in one or another of some 

dozen genera. Robulina dubia Segjienza would thu& 

be placed in Lenticulina or Robulus, and as Franke'a 

species belongs to the genus Astacolus it seems to the 

writer that there is no homonymy, and the present 

species is referred to Astacolus dubius (Franke).

Types and occurrence.—Unfigured hypotype& 

(USNM P383) from a core at 1,979-1,999 feet, hypotypes of figs. 7-9 (USNM P384a-c) and unfigured 

hypotypes (USNM P385) from a core at 2,028-2,048, 

feet, unfigured hypotypes (USNM P386) from a core at 

2,033-2,038 feet, hypotypes of figs. 5-6 (USNM 

P387a-b) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM P388) 

from a core (Lower Toarcian) at 2,048-2,068 feet, from 

the Kingak shale of Early Jurassic age in South Barrow 

Test Well 3, at lat 71°09'40" N., long 156°34'45" W., 

in northern Alaska.

Astacolus pediacus Tappan, n. sp. 

Plate 17, figures 1-10

Test free, elongate, flattened, with early portion coiled 

or with an axis of a variable degree of curvature ,- 

chambers low and broad, early chambers with a marginuline type of development although compressed, later 

becoming rectilinear, with chambers extending backwards at the inner margin, 7 to 14 chambers may be present, final chamber somewhat higher than the previous 

ones; sutures distinct, oblique, slightly curved, dark 

in color; wall calcareous, hyaline, finely perforate; aperture at the peripheral angle, radiate.

Length of holotype 0.62 mm, breadth 0.29 mm, thickness 0.16 mm. Length of paratype of fig. 2, 0.91 mm,, 

breadth 0.31 mm; length of paratype of fig. 5, 0.47 mm., 

breadth 0.31 mm. Other paratypes range in length 

from 0.26 to 2.88 mm.

Remarks.—This species resembles Cristellaria protracta Bornemann in the degree of coiling, and the oblique sutures, but differs in being larger and broader. 

It is similar to Astacolus aphrastus Loeblich and Tappan, from the Redwater shale member of the Sundanceformation (Oxfordian) of South Dakota, in size and 

general appearance, but lacks the dorsal keel, is somewhat broader, with a better developed coil and less 

incised sutures.
JURASSIC FORAMINIFERA 57

It is also similar to Cristettaria (Astacolus) stutzeri 

Franke from the German Lias, but the type of Franke's 

species is much narrower.

Types and occurrence.—Paratype of fig. 1 (USNM 

P389) from well cuttings at 5,990-6,000 feet, and unfigured paratypes (USNM P390) from a core at 6,067- 

6,077 feet, from the Kingak shale of Early Jurassic 

age in Simpson Test Well 1, at lat 70°57'05" N., 

long 155°21'45" W., west of Cape Simpson, in northern 

Alaska.

Unfigured paratypes (USNM P391) from a core 

(Lower Toarcian) at 2,048-2,068 feet, unfigured paratype (USNM P392) from a core at 2,068-2,078 feet, unfigured paratypes (USNM P393) from a core at 2,099- 

2,109 feet, holotype of fig. 4 (USNM P394) and paratypes of figs. 2-3, 8-10 (USNM P395a-e) and unfigured 

paratypes (USNM P396) from a core at 2,109-2,119 

feet, paratypes of figs. 5-6 (USNM P397a-b) and unfigured paratypes (USNM P398) from a core at 2,130- 

2,140 feet, paratype of fig. 7 (USNM P399) and unfigured paratypes (USNM P400) from a core at 2,150- 

2,170 feet, and unfigured paratypes (USNM P401) from 

a core at 2,170-2,179 feet (all Upper Pliensbachian) 

from the Kingak shale of Early Jurassic age in South 

Barrow Test Well 3 at lat 71°09'40" N., long 156°34'45" 

W., in northern Alaska.

Unfigured paratypes (USNM P402) from a core at 

2,341-2,356 feet in the Kingak shale of Early Jurassic 

age in South Barrow Test Well 2, at lat 71°15'51.34" 

N., long 156°37'55.25" W., in northern Alaska.

Astacolus sp. 

Plate 17, figure 11

Test free, reniform in outline, somewhat compressed, 

consisting of a curved series of chambers, but without a 

a complete coil, periphery rounded; about 7 chambers, 

low and broad and thickest at the inner margin, increasing very little in size as added, final chamber equal in 

height to the preceding three; sutures slightly curved, 

not depressed; wall calcareous, hyaline, surface smooth; 

aperture at the peripheral angle, radiate.

Length of figured specimen 0.57 mm, greatest breadth 

0.29 mm, thickness 0.18 mm.

Remarks.—This species is closest to the lower Oxfordian Astacolus fraasi (Schwager), but is somewhat 

broader, shorter and less compressed, the sutures are 

concave upwards, rather than convex upwards and the 

final chamber is higher, broader and more inflated. As 

a single specimen has been found in Alaska, it is not here 

described as a new species.

Type and occurrence.—Figured specimen (USNM 

P403) from Upper Jurassic rocks at approximately lat 

6S°24' N., long 150°55' W., on the west bank of Welcome Creek, about 6 miles upstream from its confluence 

with Kanayut River, in the foothills of the Brooks 

Range, in northern Alaska. Collected by William W. 

Patton, 1950.

Genus MARGINUIINA d'Orbigny, 1826

Marginulina bergquisti Tappan, n. sp.

Plate 22, figures 1-8

Test free, of medium size, early portion incompletely 

coiled, later rectilinear, periphery broadly rounded, but 

marked by a series of nodes at the peripheral margin of 

the early coiled portion; about 3 to 4 chambers in the 

incomplete coil, following the rounded proloculus, and 

finally 2 to 7 rectilinear chambers; sutures distinct, 

slightly depressed, gently curved in the coil, faintly 

oblique in the early uncoiled portion, and becoming 

straight and more nearly horizontal in the later portion 

of larger specimens; wall calcareous, hyaline, surface 

smooth except for the row of 3 to 9 small nodes along 

the basal margin; aperture radiate, at the peripheral 

margin in the early portion, becoming more nearly 

central in the uniserial, subcylindrical later chambers.

Length of holotype 0.81 mm, greatest breadth of coil 

0.34 mm, thickness 0.29 mm. Length of paratype of 

fig. 4, 1.59 mm, breadth 0.29 mm, length of paratype 

of fig. 5, 1.14 mm, breadth 0.34 mm, length of paratype 

of fig. 7, 0.52 mm, breadth 0.23 mm. Other paratypes 

range from 0.29 to 1.30 mm in length.

Remarks.—This species resembles Cristettaria (Astacolus) denticulata-carinata Franke, from the German 

Lias, in the incomplete coil and denticulate lower 

margin, but differs in being larger and broader, and has 

comparatively higher chambers. It is similar to 

Cristettaria antiquata d'Orbigny in size and character 

of chambers, but d'Orbigny's species is completely 

smooth, with a rounded periphery. Cristettaria (Astacolus) basidentata Franke has a less well developed and 

narrower coil.

Types and occurrence.—Unfigured paratypes (USNM 

P411) from a core at 1,979-1,999 feet, unfigured 

paratypes (USNM P412) from a core at 2,028-2,048 

feet, unfigured paratypes (USNM P413) from a core at 

2,048-2,068 feet all of early Toarcian age; unfigured 

paratypes (USNM P414) from a core at 2,068-2,078 

feet, paratypes of figs. 1 and 3 (USNM P407a-b) and 

unfigured paratypes (USNM P408) from a core at 

2,099-2,109 feet, holotype of fig. 8 (USNM P404), 

paratypes of figs. 2, 5-7 (USNM P405a-d) and unfigured paratypes (USNM P406) all from a core at 

2,109-2,119 feet, unfigured paratypes (USNM P415) 

from a core at 2,130-2,140 feet, unfigured paratypes (USNM P416) from a core at 2,140-2,150 

feet, unfigured paratypes (USNM P417) from a core
58 FORAMINIPERA PROM THE ARCTIC SLOPE OF ALASKA

at 2,150-2,170 feet, paratype of fig. 4 (USNM P409) 

and unfigured paratypes (USNM P410) from a core at 

2,170-2,179 feet, all of Late Pliensbachian age; unfigured 

paratype (USNM P418) from a core (Lower Lias) at 

2,231-2,251 feet, and unfigured paratypes (USNM 

P419) from a core (Lower Lias) at 2,478-2,496 feet; 

all from the Kingak shale of Early Jurassic age in 

South Barrow Test Well 3, at lat 71°09'40" N., long 

156°34'45" W., in northern Alaska.

Marginulina breviformis (Terquem and Berthelin) 

Plate 18, figures 2-3

Cristellaria breviformis Terquem and Berthelin, 1875, Me'm.

Soc. Geol. France, ser. 2, v. 10, no. 3, p. 42, pi. 3, fig. 14. 

Marginulina breviformis (Terquem and Berthelin) Franke, 1936,

Abh. Preuss. Geol. Landesanst., Neue Folge, no. 169, p. 75,

pi. 7, fig. 21. 

Marginuhna simplex (Terquem) Franke, 1936 (part; not

Vaginulina simplex Terquem, 1864, and not Marginulina

simplex Karrer, 1862), Abh. Preuss. Geol. Landesanst.

Neue Folge, no. 169, p. 75, pi. 7, fig. 24 (not figs. 22-23).

Test free, short, stout, rounded in section; early 

chambers tiny and broader than high, increasing rapidly 

in breadth as added, later chambers increasing in height 

also, with the final chamber occupying one-half to 

one-third the length of the test; sutures very oblique, 

flush with the surface; wall calcareous, hyaline, surface 

smooth; aperture radiate, at the dorsal angle.

Length of hypotype of fig. 2, 0.78 mm, breadth 0.29 

mm; length of hypotype of fig. 3, 0.44 mm, breadth 

0.21 mm. Other hypotypes range in length from 0.42 

to 0.78 mm.

Remarks.—Franke referred to Marginulina breviformis 

a specimen very similar to that here shown in fig. B, 

and one of the specimens he referred to Marginulina 

simplex (Franke, 1936, pi. 7, fig. 24) is very similar to 

that here shown in fig. 2. It differs from his other 

specimens of "Marginulina simplex", and from the 

type of Vaginulina simplex Terquem in being shorter, 

more robust, with more oblique sutures and lower 

chambers in the early portion, and comparatively high 

final chamber. These characters all resemble the type 

of Cristellaria breviformis Terquem and Berthelin.

Franke placed Vaginulina simplex Terquem in the 

genus Marginulina, but because of the oblique sutures, 

lack of any semblance of a coil and the rounded cross 

section of the test, it would seem to the writer to belong 

to Vaginulina or Dentalina. Terquem's specimens 

should be reexamined to determine which genus is 

correct, for if it were to be placed in Marginulina, a 

new specific name would be required, Marginulina 

simplex being used by Karrer in 1862 for a striate 

German Tertiary species, which is quite distinct. No 

new name is here proposed for that of Terquem, however, because of the probability that the species should

remain in Vaginulina. At least part of the forms referred to it by Franke are here considered to belong to 

Marginulina breviformis (Terquem and Berthelin).

Types and occurrence—Unfigured hypotypes (USNM 

P483) from a core at 1,979-1,999 feet, unfigured 

hypotype (USNM P484) from a core at 1,999-2,018 

feet, hypotypes of figs. 2-3 (USNM P485a-b) from a 

core at 2,028-2,048 feet, all of Early Toarcian age; 

unfigured hypotypes (USNM P486) from a core at 

2,068-2,078 feet, and unfigured hypotype (USNM 

P487) from a core at 2,170-2,179 feet, of Late Pliensbachian age; from the Kingak shale of Early Jurassic 

age in South Barrow Test Well 3, at lat 71°09'40" N., 

long 156°34'45" W., in northern Alaska.

Marginulina brevis Paalzow 

Plate 18, figure 14

Marginulina brevis Paalzow, 1922, Abh. Naturf. Gesell., Ntirnberg, v. 22, p. 21, pi. 2, fig. 18.

Test small, subovate in outline, subtriangular in 

section, being narrower at the outer margin and thickest 

at the inner margin, margins rounded; chambers few 

in number, six in the figured specimen, low and broad, 

increasing very slowly in size except for the final chamber, which occupies about one-half the length of the 

test; sutures distinct, flush, oblique; wall calcareous, 

surface smooth; aperture at the dorsal angle.

Length of figured hypotype 0.31 mm, greatest 

breadth 0.16 mm, greatest thickness 0.10 mm.

Remarks.—A single specimen, the holotype, was 

recorded from Germany, and it was somewhat larger 

than the specimen from Alaska, being 0.5 mm in length 

and 0.25 mm in breadth. It is similar in the subtriangular section, low and broad chambers and oblique 

sutures, and is probably conspecific. As only two 

specimens are known, it is impossible to accurately 

determine the size range.

Types and occurrence.—Figured hypotype (USNM 

P791) from a core at 7,042-7,052 feet, in Upper Jurassic 

rocks in Topagoruk Test Well 1, west of Topagoruk 

River, at lat 70°37'30" N., long 155°53'36" W., in 

the Arctic Coastal Plain, northern Alaska.

Marginulina calva Tappan, n. sp. 

Plate 18, figure 12

Test free, elongate, narrow, enlarging gradually from 

the rounded base; consisting of about 5 to 6 chambers 

which are low in the early portion, about twice as broad 

as high, but increase gradually in height, so that the 

later chambers are of about equal height and breadth; 

sutures distinct, straight, slightly oblique, with a 

suggestion of a coil in the change from nearly horizontal 

sutures in the early portion to the moderately oblique
JURASSIC FORAMINIFERA 59

later ones; wall calcareous, surface smooth; aperture 

radiate, somewhat produced at the outer margin.

Length of figured holotype 0.49 mm, breadth 0.13 

mm, thickness 0.10 mm. Unfigured paratypes range 

from 0.49 to 0.55 mm in length.

Remarks.—This species is closest to the specimen of 

Marginulina constricta Terquem and Berthelin (1875, 

pi. 5, fig. 3a) which also has a rounded section, oblique 

sutures and produced aperture. However, Terquem 

and Berthelin selected no holotype, figuring 6 specimens 

which vary considerably in the degree of compression, 

curvature of the test and degree of constriction of the 

sutures. The flattened forms of figs. 3b, d, and f of 

Terquem and Berthelin were distinguished as Vaginu* 

Una constricta (Terquem and Berthelin) by Franke, 

1936, and this was followed by Bartenstein and Brand 

(1937). Presumably this would restrict the selection 

of a lectotype to one of these three specimens. The 

remaining specimens were placed by Franke in the 

synonomy of his new species Vaginulina parva Franke. 

This also is a somewhat compressed species, judging 

from Franke's type specimen. The Alaskan specimens 

are thus distinct from Vaginulina constricta (Terquem 

and Berthelin), as based on figs. 3b, d, and f (1875), 

and are also distinct from V. parva Franke.

The specimen referred to Marginulina simplex 

(Terquem) by Franke (1936, pi. 7, fig. 23, but not 

figs. 22 or 24) is similar to the present species, but has 

a less produced apertural end and does not show the 

change in angle of the early sutures as in the present 

species. Terquem's type of Vaginulina simplex is 

also broader, with more oblique sutures.

Marginulina calva also resembles Dentalina subtenuicollis Franke, which is also found in Alaska, in 

general size and proportions. It differs in having more 

oblique sutures, a slight marginuline coil, and in being 

somewhat more slender.

Types and occurrence.—Unfigured paratype (USNM 

P514) from a core at 2,033-2,038 feet, holotype in 

fig. 12 (USNM P515) and unfigured paratype (USNM 

P516) from a core at 2,048-2,068 feet, all of Early 

Toarcian age; from the Kingak shale of Early Jurassic 

age in South Barrow Test Well 3, at lat 71°09/40// 

N., long 156°34'45" W., in northern Alaska.

Marginulina demissa (Terquem and Berthelin) 

Plate 18, figures 15-20

Nodosaria variabilis Terquem and Berthelin, 1875 (not Nodosaria 

variabilis Neugeboren, 1852), M6m. Soc. Geol. France, 

ser. 2, v. 10, no. 3, p. 20, pi. 1, figs. 19a-f.

Dentalina demissa Terquem and Berthelin, 1875, Ibid., p. 28, 

pi. 2, figs. 10-10g.

Test free, small, elongate, consisting of a series of 

subglobular chambers, chambers of megalospheric test

increasing very slightly in size as added (fig. 18) but 

chambers enlarging gradually in the microspheric forms 

(figs. 15, 17), proloculus with an apical spine; sutures 

distinct, constricted, horizontal; wall calcareous, hyaline, ornamented with 7 to 14 longitudinal ribs, which 

are low and blunt and increase by intercalation; 

aperture terminal, on a short neck and slightly eccentric 

in position.

Length of hypotype of fig. 15, 0.57 mm, breadth 0.21 

mm. Length of hypotype of fig. 17, 0.91 mm, breadth 

0.26 mm. Other specimens range from 0.26 to 0.94 mm 

in length.

Remarks.—Apparently Terquem and Berthelin separated the megalospheric forms (as fig. 18), naming-them 

Nodosaria variabilis, from the more tapered microspheric forms which they placed in Dentalina demissa. 

As both were described in the same publication, the 

former would have priority because of appearing 

earlier in the publication. However, this name is 

preoccupied by Nodosaria variabilis Neugeboren, 1852, 

and the specific name demissa thus is the next available 

name. Although there is slight trace of a coil in the 

early portion, the aperture is generally eccentric in 

position and the sutures are horizontal, hence the 

species is considered closer to Marginulina than to 

either Nodosaria or Dentalina. It is one of the many 

Jurassic borderline species, which could be placed in 

either of these genera.

Types and occurrence.—Unfigured hypotypes (USNM 

P420) from a core at 2,028-2,048 feet, unfigured hypotype (USNM P421) from a core at 2,048-2,068 feet, 

all from the Lower Toarcian; unfigured hypotype 

(USNM P422) from a core at 2,068-2,078 feet, unfigured hypotype (USNM P423) from a core at 2,099- 

2,109 feet, unfigured hypotypes (USNM P424) from 

a core at 2,109-2,119 feet, unfigured hypotypes (USNM 

P425) from a core at 2,140-2,150 feet, unfigured 

hypotypes (USNM P426) from a core at 2,150-2,170 

feet, hypotypes of figs. 15-20 (USNM P427a-f) and 

unfigured hypotypes (USNM P428) from a core at 

2,170-2,179 feet, and unfigured paratype (USNM P429) 

from a core at 2,179-2,199 feet, all of Late Pliensbachian age; from the Kingak shale of Early Jurassic 

age in South Barrow Test Well 3, at lat 71°09'40" N., 

long 156°34'45" W., in northern Alaska.

Marginulina interrupta Terquem 

Plate 20, figures 17-25

Marginulina interrupta Terquem, 1866, Cinquieme Me"m. Foram. 

Lias Moselle, p. 426, pi. 17, figs. 4a~c; Franke, 1936, Abh. 

Preuss. GeoL Landesanst., Neue Folge, no. 169, p. 79, pi. 

8, fig. 9; Macfadyen, 1936, Jour. Roy. Micros. Soc. London, 

ser. 3, v. 56, p. 151, pi. 1, fig. 262b.
60 FOEAMINIFEEA PROM THE ARCTIC SLOPE OF ALASKA

Test free, narrow, elongate, rectilinear; 3 to 6 chambers, subglobular and of somewhat greater breadth 

than height, proloculus with a basal spine, final chamber 

somewhat produced terminally; sutures straight, horizontal, constricted; wall calcareous, ornamented by 

numerous (about 18) low and rounded ribs, which are 

broken at the sutures, giving the basal margin of the 

chambers a serrate appearance; aperture terminal, 

rounded.

Length of hypotype of fig. 17, 0.49 mm, breadth 0.18 

mm, length of hypotype of fig. 25, 0.81 mm, breadth 

0.21 mm. Other specimens range from 0.26 to 1.22 

mm in length.

Remarks.'—This species was originally described from 

the lower and middle Lias of France, and is characterized by the interrupted costae, which end in spinose 

projections at the base of each chamber.

Types and occurrence.—Hypotypes (USNM P430) 

from a core (Lower Toarcian) at 2,028-2,048 feet; 

hypotype of fig. 20 (USNM P431) from a core at 

2,068-2,078 feet, unfigured hypotypes (USNM P432) 

from a core at 2,099-2,109 feet, hypotypes of figs. 

17-19, 21, 23-25 (USNM P433a-g) and unfigured 

hypotypes (USNM P434) from a core at 2,109-2,119 

feet, unfigured hypotypes (USNM P435) from a core 

at 2,130-2,140 feet, hypotype of fig. 22 (USNM P436) 

and unfigured hypotypes (USNM P437) from a core at 

2,140-2,150 feet, unfigured hypotypes (USNM P438) 

from a core at 2,150-2,170 feet, and unfigured hypotypes (USNM P439) from a core at 2,170-2,179 feet, 

all from the Upper Pliensbachian, in the Kingak shale 

of Early Jurassic age in South Barrow Test Well 3, at 

lat 71°09'40" N., long 156°34'45" W., in northern 

Alaska.

Marginulina pletha Tappan, n. sp. 

Plate 18, figures 10-11

Test free, short and stout, early portion coiled, later 

uncoiling, periphery broadly rounded; 4 to 5 chambers, 

increasing rapidly in size as added, final chamber 

occupying nearly two-thirds the length of the test and 

somewhat inflated toward the ventral margin; sutures 

distinct, slightly depressed, very slightly curved, quite 

oblique in the uncoiled portion; wall calcareous, hyaline, 

surface smooth; aperture at the peripheral angle, 

radiate.

Length of holotype 0.44 mm, greatest breadth 0.26 

mm, thickness 0.21 nun. Length of paratype of fig. 

10, 0.42 mm, breadth 0.21 mm. Length of unfigured 

paratype 0.47 mm, breadth 0.23 mm.

Remarks.—This species is similar to Cristellaria breviformis Terquem and Berthelin, from the Middle Lias 

of France, but is about twice as large in both length 

and breadth, with tests of an equal number of chambers.

Types and occurrence.—Holotype (USNM P440) 

from a core at 2,099-2,109 feet, paratype of fig. 10 

(USNM P441) from a core at 2,028-2,048 feet, unfigured paratypes (USNM P442) from a core at 2,109- 

2,119 feet, and unfigured paratype (USNM P443) from 

a core at 2,033-2,038 feet, all from the Upper Pliensbachian, in the Kingak shale of Early Jurassic age in 

South Barrow Test Well 3, at lat 71°09'40// N., long 

156°34'45" W., in northern Alaska.

Marginulina prima d'Orbigny 

Plate 20, figures 1-13

Marginulina prima d'Orbigny, 1850, Prodrome de pa!6on. 

stratig. universelle, v. 1, p. 242; Franke, 1936, Abh. Preuss. 

Geol. Landesanst., Neue Folge, no. 169, p. 76, pi. 8, figs. 

1-7; Macfadyen, 1936, Jour. Roy. Micros. Soc. London, 

ser. 3, v. 56, p. 151, pi. 1, figs. 262a-b; Bartenstein and 

Brand, 1937, Abh. Senckenberg. Naturforsch. Gesell., no. 

439, p. 161, pi. 2B, fig. 26, pi. 3, figs. 39-40, pi. 4, figs. 

60a-b, pi. 5, figs. 46a-b; Wicher, 1938, Abh. Preuss. Geol. 

Landesanst., Neue Folge, no. 193, pi. 16, fig. 4, pi. 19, 

fig. 6; Barnard, 1950, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, 

v. 105, pt. 3, p. 372, figs. 5a, b, g.

Marginulina rugosa Bornemann, 1854 (not Neugeboren, 1851), 

tlber Liasformation Umgegend Gottingen, p. 39, pi. 3, 

fig. 26.

Marginulina prima d'Orbigny var. gibbosa Terquem, 1858, 

Mem. Acad. Imp. Metz, ann. 39, (ser. 2, ann. 6), p. 612, 

pi. 3, figs. 5a-d; Franke, 1936, Abh. Preuss. Geol. Landesanst., Neue Folge, no. 169, p. 77, pi. 8, fig. 2.

Marginulina prima d'Orbigny var. recta Terquem, 1858, M&m. 

Acad. Imp. Metz, ann. 39 (ser. 2, ann. 6), p. 613, pi. 3, 

fig. 6; Franke, 1936, Abh. Preuss. Geol. Landesanst., 

Neue Folge, no. 169, p. 77, pi. 8, fig. 4; Payard, 1947, 

Faune Foram. Lias Superieur Detroit Poitevin, p. 152, 

pi. 2, fig. 31.

Marginulina prima d'Orbigny var. acuta Terquem, 1858, M6m. 

Acad. Imp. Metz, ann. 39 (ser. 2, ann. 6), p. 614, pi. 3, 

fig. 7; Franke, 1936, Abh. Preuss. Geol. Landesanst., 

Neue Folge, no. 169, p. 77, pi. 8, fig. 5.

Marginulina ornata Terquem, 1858, M6m. Acad. Imp. Metz, 

ann. 39 (ser. 2, ann. 6) p. 616, pi. 3, figs. lOa-c.

Marginulina prima var. praelonga Terquem and Berthelin, 1875, 

Mem. Soc. geol. France, ser. 2, v. 10, no. 3, p. 54, pi. 4, 

fig. 18; Franke, 1936, Abh. Preuss. Geol. Landesanst., 

Neue Folge, no. 169, p. 77, pi. 7, fig. 3; Payard, 1947, 

Faune Foram. Lias Superieur Detroit Poitevin, p. 152, 

pi. 2, fig. 30.

Marginulina crassiuscula Terquem and Berthelin, 1875, M6m. 

Soc. Geol. France, ser. 2, v. 10, no. 3, p. 56, pi. 4, figs. 23a-c.

Dentalina insignis Franke, 1936, Abh. Preuss. Geol. Landesanst., 

Neue Folge, no. 169, p. 36, pi. 3, figs, lla-b.

Test free, of medium size, elongate, robust, early 

portion slightly coiled in the microspheric, form (figs. 

5, 11), gently curved in the megalospheric generation 

(figs. 2-4, 9), chambers numerous, inflated, increasing 

slightly in size as added, early coiled chambers low 

and broad, later ones about equal in height and breadth; 

sutures distinct, slightly constricted, horizontal in 

later portion; wall calcareous, hyaline, ornamented
JURASSIC FORAMINIFERA 61

with 8 to 11 narrow, elevated continuous ribs which 

cross chambers and sutures; aperture terminal, radiate, 

on a slight neck, varying from the dorsal margin in 

position to almost central, so that the species is gradational between true Marginulina and Nodosaria.

Length of hypotype of fig. 3, 1.30 mm, breadth 

0.34 mm, length of hypotype of fig. 8, 0.47 mm, of 

fig. 9, 1.72 mm, and of fig. 11, 0.57 mm.

Remarks—Many species have been described that 

have apparently been based on variations of this 

species. Because many of these forms grade into each 

other, the writer does not consider them of sufficient 

importance to warrant even varietal distinction, and 

they are here placed in synonymy. Undoubtedly other 

"species" are also synonymous, but a study of the types 

is necessary to determine this definitely. The specimens here shown in figs. 2, 4 and 12 are similar to the 

type of Marginulina prima var. recta Terquem, fig. 3 

is close to the type of M. prima d'Orbigny, fig. 5 

resembles M. rugosa Bornemann, figs. 6 and 8 are like 

the type of M. prima var. gibbosa Terquem, or M. 

crassiuscvta Terquem and Berthelin, fig. 9 resembles 

Franke's Dentalina insignis and fig. 11 resembles the 

type of Marginulina rugosa Bornemann.

Types and occurrence.—Unfigured hypotypes (USNM 

P444) from a core at 2,028-2,048 feet, hypotype of fig.

10 (USNM P445) from a core at 2,048-2,068 feet, from 

the Lower Toarcian; unfigured hypotype (USNM 

P446) from a core at 2,099-2,109 feet, hypotype of fig.

11 (USNM P447) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM 

P448) from a core at 2,109-2,119 feet, unfigured 

hypotypes (USNM P449) from a core at 2,130-2,140 

feet, hypotypes of figs. 3, 12 (USNM P450a-b) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM P451) from a core at 2,140- 

2,150 feet, hypotypes of figs. 4-6, 8 and 13 (USNM 

P452a-e) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM P453) from 

a core at 2,150-2,170 feet, hypotype of fig. 2 (USNM 

P454) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM P455) from a 

core at 2,170-2,179 feet, unfigured hypotypes (USNM 

P456) from a core at 2,179-2,199 feet, all of Late 

Pliensbachian age; hypotypes of figs. 1 and 7 (USNM 

P457a-b) and unfigured hypotype (USNM P458) from 

a core at 2,199-2,218 feet, unfigured hypotype (USNM 

P459) from a core at 2,231-2,251 feet, unfigured 

hypotype (USNM P460) from a core at 2,251-2,271 

feet, unfigured hypotypes (USNM P461) from a core 

at 2,300-2,320 feet, unfigured hypotypes (USNM 

P462) from a core at 2,320-2,323 feet, unfigured hypotypes (USNM P463) from a core at 2,468-2,478 feet, 

and unfigured hypotypes (USNM P464) from a core at 

2,478-2,496 feet, all of Early Lias age from the Kingak 

shale of Early Jurassic age in South Barrow Test Well 3, 

at lat 71°09'40" N., long 156°34/45// W., in northern 

Alaska.

Hypotype of fig. 9 (USNM P465) from a core at 

2,341-2,356 feet, and unfigured hypotypes (USNM 

P466) from a core at 2,356 feet, all from the Kingak 

shale of Early Jurassic age in South Barrow Test Well 2, 

at lat 71°15/51.34// N., long 156°37/55.25// W., in 

northern Alaska.

Marginulina psila Tappan, n. sp. 

Plate 19, figures 6-16

Test free, of medium size, narrow, elongate, rounded 

in section, early portion coiled, later uncoiling, periphery broadly rounded; chambers numerous, about 3 

to 4 in the partial coil, followed by 2 to 6 uncoiled 

chambers, at first reaching backwards toward the coil, 

later becoming nearly cylindrical, degree of coiling and 

size of coil is variable; sutures distinct, slightly constricted, at first slightly curved, later becoming nearly 

straight; wall calcareous, hyaline, surface smooth and 

unornamented; aperture at the end of a slight neck, 

radiate.

Length of holotype in fig. 15, 0.70 mm, breadth of 

coil 0.26 mm, thickness of coil 0.18 mm. Length of 

paratype of fig. 8, 0.31 mm, breadth 0.13 mm; length 

of paratype of fig. 11, 0.75 mm, breadth 0.29 mm; 

length of paratype of fig. 14, 0.88 mm, breadth 0.31 mm.

Remarks.—This species differs from Marginulina 

incurva Terquem in having a more enrolled base, of a 

diameter approximately equal to that of the later portion of the test, a slightly more curved test, somewhat 

curved sutures and a more central aperture, rather than 

having the aperture at the dorsal margin.

Types and occurrence.—Unfigured paratype (USNM 

P467) from a core at 2,018-2,028 feet, paratype of fig. 9 

(USNM P468) and unfigured paratype (USNM P469) 

from a core at 2,028-2,033 feet, all of Early Toarcian 

age; holotype of fig. 15 (USNM P470), paratypes of 

figs. 11 and 14 (USNM P471a-b) and unfigured paratypes (USNM P472) from a core at 2,109-2,119 feet, 

paratype of fig. 13 (USNM P473) and unfigured paratypes (USNM P474) from a core at 2,130-2,140 feet, 

paratypes of figs. 7 and 12 (USNM P475a-b) and unfigured paratypes (USNM P476) from a core at 2,140- 

2,150 feet, paratypes of figs. 6, 8, 10, and 16 (USNM 

P477a-d) and unfigured paratypes (USNM P478) from 

a core at 2,150-2,170 feet, and unfigured paratypes 

(USNM P479) from a core at 2,170-2,179 feet, aU of 

Late Pliensbachian age, from the Kingak shale of Early 

Jurassic age in South Barrow Test Well 3, at lat% 

71°09/40// N., long 156°34'45" W., in northern Alaska.

Margiuuliua pinguicula Tappan, n. sp. 

Plate 18, figure 4

Test free, short, broad, robust, periphery broadly 

rounded; chambers few in number, about four, early
62 FORAMINIFERA FROM THE ARCTIC SLOPE OF ALASKA

chambers very low and broad, forming an incomplete 

coil, final chamber much higher and inflated, almost 

globular, though slightly produced at the dorsal angle; 

sutures distinct, nearly straight, slightly depressed; 

wall calcareous, surface smooth; aperture radiate, at 

the dorsal angle.

Length of holotype 0.29 mm, greatest breadth 0.23 

mm, greatest thickness 0.21 mm. Para type has a length 

of 0.26 mm.

Remarks.—This species resembles small specimens of 

Saracenaria cypha Loeblich and Tappan, from Upper 

Jurassic rocks of the western interior, in the short, fat 

test, but the present species has a less well defined coil 

and is rounded in section, lacking the typically triangular face of Saracenaria. The present species never 

reaches a length comparable to that of adult specimens 

of S. cypha, all specimens being short and fat like the 

holotype.

Types and occurrence.—Holotype (USNM P789) and 

unfigured paratype (USNM P790) from upper Jurassic 

rocks in a core at 7,042-7,052 feet, in Topagoruk Test 

Well 1, west of Topagoruk River, at lat 70°37'30" N., 

long 155°53 /36// W., in northern Alaska.

Marginulina quadricostata Terquem 

Plate 20, figure 14

Marginulina quadricostata Terquem, 1863, Me"m. Acad. Imp. 

Metz, ann. 44 (ser. 2, ann. 11), pt. 2, p. 190, pi. 8, figs. 12a-b.

Cristellaria (Astacolus) quadricosta (Terquem) Franke (for quadricostata), 1936, Abh. Preuss. Geol. Landesanst., Neue 

Folge, no. 169, p. 109, pi. 11, fig. 4.

Cristellaria (Astacolus) quadricostata (Terquem) Bartenstein and 

Brand, 1937, Abh. Senckenberg. Naturforsch. Gesell., no. 

439, p. 173, pi. 3, fig. 47, pi. 4, fig. 71, pi. 5, fig. 57; Wicher, 

1938, Abh. Preuss. Geol. Landesanst., Neue Folge, no. 193, 

pi. 16, fig. 6.

Test free, somewhat flattened, with an incompletely 

coiled base, followed by a later uncoiled portion; 

chambers of greater breadth than height, but increasing 

slightly in height as added; sutures obscured by the 

strongly elevated and continuous costae; wall calcareous, ornamented with 2 to 4 costae on each side, 

which die out at the terminal portion of the final chamber; aperture produced on a short neck at the dorsal 

angle.

Length of figured hypotype 0.57 mm, greatest 

breadth 0.18 mm, greatest thickness 0.13 mm. Other 

hypotypes range from 0.47 to 0.62 mm in length.

Remarks.—Terquem recorded this species from the 

Lower Lias of France, and Bartenstein and Brand and 

later Wicher also found it in the middle Lias. It is 

characterized by the partial coil, flattened test and few 

costae. It is somewhat gradational between Marginulina and Astacolus, but because the later chambers are 

somewhat rounded, it is here considered to belong in

Marginulina, where it was originally placed by Terquem 

M. quadricostata, differs from M. radiata Terquem in 

being more compressed, and in having fewer ribs, with 

these more narrow and elevated.

Types and occurrence.—Hypotype of fig. 14 (USNM 

P480) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM P481) all from 

a core (of Sinemurian age) at 2,478-2,496 feet, in the 

Kingak shale of Early Jurassic age, in South Barrow 

Test Well 3, at lat 71°09'40" N., long 156°34'45" W., 

in northern Alaska.

Marginulina radiata Terquem 

Plate 20, figures 15-16

Marginulina radiata Terquem, 1864, Me"m. Acad. Imp. Metz,

Ann. 44 (ser. 2, anr. 11), pt. 2, p. 410, pi. 9, figs. lOa, b;

Bartenstein and Brand, 1937, Abh. Senckenberg. Naturf.

Gesell., no. 439, p. 161, pi. la, fig. 15, pi. IB, fig. 17, pi. 2A,

figs. 12, 13, pi. 2B, fig. 25. 

Cristellaria (Astacolus) radiata (Terquem) Franke, 1936, Abh.

Preuss. Geol. Landesanst., Neue Folge, no. 169, p. 108, pi.

11, fig. 3. 

not Vaginulina radiata (Terquem) Franke, 1936, Ibid., p. 84,

pi. 8, figs. 33, 40. 

not Pseudocitharina radiata (Terquem) Payard, 1947, Foram.

Lias Sup&rieur, p. 143, pi. 3, fig. 22.

Test free, robust, elongate, early portion curved, 

later chambers rectilinear, rounded in section; chambers 

6 to 7 in number, low at first, later ones higher, final one 

or two chambers of nearly equal height and breadth; 

sutures straight, somewhat obscured by the costae, 

radial in the early portion, nearly horizontal in the later 

portion, last one or two slightly constricted; wall calcareous, surface ornamented with numerous longitudinal costae that are continuous, but may be at a slight 

angle from the vertical; aperture at the dorsal angle, 

rounded.

Length of hypotype of fig. 15, 0.47 mm, breadth. 0.16 

mm, thickness 0.16 mm. Length of hypotype of fig. 

16, 0.52 mm, breadth 0.47 mm.

Remarks.—Franke referred specimens with a slight 

coil to Cristellaria (Astacolus) radiata (Terquem) and 

also referred a flatter, broader and straighter species to 

Vaginulina radiata (Terquem), using the same specific 

name of Terquem for forms that he referred to two 

distinct genera. Payard (1947) further complicated 

the synonomy by placing Terquem's and Franke's references in the synonomy of Pseudocitharina radiata 

(Terquem), referring the species to his new genus. 

Payard's figured specimen is a flattened one, much like 

Citharina fallax (Payard), although more narrow, and 

Terquem's type was circular in section. Payard's form 

was also twice as long as the type, and is very close also 

to the form he referred to Pseudocitharina proxima 

(Terquem) and similar to Marginulina proxima Terquem, var. I Terquem, 1868. The specimen figured
JURASSIC FORAMINIFERA 63

by Franke as Vaginulina radiata may be conspecific 

with Payard's specimens, but these should either be 

placed in a different species (perhaps Marginulina 

proximo, Terquem), or a new name should be proposed 

for them. Terquem's type of Marginulina radiata is a 

true Marginulina, and other species belonging to distinct genera cannot be assigned this specific name.

Types and occurrence.—Figured hypotypes (USNM 

P482a-b) from a core (of Sinemurian age) at 2,478- 

2,496 feet, in the Kingak shale of Early Jurassic age, 

in South Barrow Test Well 3, at lat 71°09'40" N., long 

156° 34'45" W. } in northern Alaska.

Marginulina thuringica (Franke) 

Plate 21, figures 12-22

Cristellaria (Astacolus) thuringica Franke, 1936, Abh. Preuss.

Geol. Landesanst., Neue Folge, no. 169, p. 103, pi. 10, figs.

7a-b. 

Cristellaria (Astacolus) cf. thuringica Franke Wicher, 1938, Abh.

Preuss. Geol. Landesanst., Neue Folge, no. 193, pi. 19, fig. 8.

Test free, of medium size, early portion coiled, or 

with an inflated proloculus, later uncoiled, dorsal margin straight; early chambers low, increasing gradually 

in size as added, last chamber higher than the preceding 

ones; sutures distinct, curved in the early portion, later 

nearly straight and slightly depressed; wall calcareous, 

surface smooth; aperture terminal, radiate.

Length of hypotype of fig. 16, 0.55 mm, breadth 0.21 

mm. Length of hypotype of fig. 21 0.86 mm, breadth 

0.29 mm. Other specimens range from 0.42 to 1.72 

mm in length, and from 0.23 to 0.47 mm in breadth.

Remarks.—The Alaskan specimens are very close to 

the type of Franke, from the middle Lias of Germany. 

It is distinguished from Marginulina utricula Terquem 

and Berthelin by the smooth and rounded base, and 

the absence of any basal spines.

Types and occurrence.—Unfigured hypotypes (USNM 

P488) from a core at 2,028-2,048 feet, hypotype of fig. 

16 (USNM P489) from a core at 2,048-2,068 feet, all 

of Early Toarcian age; unfigured hypotypes (USNM 

P490) from a core at 2,068-2,078 feet, hypotypes of 

figs. 13 and 22 (USNM P491a-b) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM P492) from a core at 2,109-2,119 feet, 

hypotypes of figs. 18-19 (USNM P493) and unfigured 

hypotypes (USNM P494) from a core at 2,130-2,140 

feet, hypotypes of figs. 12, 14-15, and 20 (USNM 

P495a-d) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM P496) from 

a core at 2,140-2,150 feet, hypotype of fig. 17 (USNM 

P497) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM P498) from a 

core at 2,150-2,170 feet, unfigured hypotypes (USNM 

P499) from a core at 2,170-2,179 feet, all of Late 

Pliensbachian age, hypotype of fig. 21 (USNM P500) 

and unfigured hypotypes (USNM P501) from a core at 

2,468-2,478 feet, and unfigured hypotype (USNM P502)

from a core at 2,478-2,496 feet, from the Lower Lias; 

all from the Kingak shale of Early Jurassic age in South 

Barrow Test Well 3, lat 71°09'40" N., long 156°34'45" 

W., northern Alaska.

Marginulina utricula Terquem and Berthelin 

Plate 21, figures 1-10

Marginulina utricula Terquem and Berthelin, 1875, Me"m. Soc.

Ge"ol. France, ser. 2, v. 10, no. 3, p. 55, pi. 4, fig. 20. 

Cristellaria (Astacolus) basidentata Franke, 1936, Abh. Preuss.

Geol. Landesanst. Neue Folge, no. 169, p. 100, pi. 9, figs.

34a-b.

Test free, elongate, slightly curved, subcylindrical 

with a rounded base and a short basal spine, and may 

have a few smallei accessory spines on the basal margin 

(figs. 1 and 3); chambers from 2 to 9, with 4 to 6 the 

most frequent, proloculus comparatively large and 

globular, later chambers slightly inflated, variable in 

size, some nearly globular throughout development, 

and in other specimens the chambers are low at first 

and later ones increase gradually in height, final chamber somewhat produced at the apertural end; sutures 

distinct, constricted, nearly straight, slightly oblique 

to horizontal; wall calcareous, surface smooth; aperture 

at the dorsal margin, radiate, on a short neck.

Length of hypotype of fig. 5, 1.51 mm, greatest 

breadth 0.42 mm; length of hypotype of fig. 8, 0.75 mm, 

breadth 0.26 mm; length of hypotype of fig. 10, 1.40 mm, 

breadth 0.34 mm. Other specimens range in length 

from 0.36 to 2.08 mm.

Remarks.—The type of this species (from the Middle 

Lias of France) had only two chambers and a single 

basal spine (like the specimen of fig. 4). Cristellaria 

(Astacolus) basidentata Franke is similar but had more 

than one spine, his types being close to the specimens 

here shown in figs. 3 and 8. Some specimens of Marginulina reversa Blake are similar, but the chambers are 

lower, there is a better defined coil and there are no 

basal spines. Dentalina tortilis Fianke has smooth 

rounded chambers and a basal spine, as in the present 

species, but is smaller in length and diameter, more 

tapering, with a more elongate proloculus and somewhat higher chambers.

Types and occurrence.—Hypotype of fig. 9 (USNM 

P503) and unfigured hypotype (USNM P504) from a 

core (Lower Toarcian) at 1,979-1,999 feet; unfigured 

hypotype (USNM P505) from a core at 2,068-2',078 

feet, hypotypes of figs. 5-7 and 10 (USNM P506a-d) 

and unfigured hypotypes (USNM P507) from a core 

at 2,099-2,109 feet, hypotypes of figs. 1-4 (USNM 

P508a-d) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM P509) from 

a core at 2,109-2,119 feet, hypotype of fig. 8 (USNM 

P510) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM P511 from a
64 FORAMINIFERA FROM THE ARCTIC SLOPE OF ALASKA

core at.2,130-2,140 feet, all from the Upper Pliensbachian; and unfigured hypotype (USNM P512) from 

a core (Lower Lias) at 2,300-2,320 feet; all from the 

Kingak shale of Early Jurassic age in South Barrow 

Test Well 3, at lat 71°09'40" N., long 156°34'45" W., 

in northern Alaska.

Unfigured hypotype (USNM P513) from a core at 

6,173-6,183 feet in the Kingak shale of Early Jurassic 

age in Simpson Test Well 1, at lat 70°57'05" N., long 

155°21'45" W., west of Cape Simpson, in northern 

Alaska.

Genus MARGINULINOPSIS Silvestri, 1904 

Marginulinopsis phragmites Loeblich and Tappan

Plate 17, figure 18

Marginulina cf. lacunata (Terquem) Sandidge, 1933 (not Cristellaria lacunata Terquem, 1870), Am. Midland Nat., v. 14,

p. 180, pi. 1, figs. 6-8. 

Marginulina cf. lacunata (Terquem and Berthelin) Wickenden,

1933 (not Cristellaria lacunata Terquem and Berthelin,

1875), Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, 3rd ser., sec. 4, v. 27, p.

162, pi. 1, fig. 12. 

Marginulina cf. sparsa (Terquem and Berthelin) Wickenden,

1933 (not Cristellaria sparsa Terquem and Berthelin, 1875),

Ibid., p. 161, pi. 1, fig. 14. 

Marginulinopsis phragmites Loeblich and Tappan, 1950, Jour.

Wash. Acad. Sci., v. 40, no. 1, p. 9, pi. 1, figs. 22-23b, text

fig. 1.

Test free, elongate, robust, early portion planispiral, 

later uncoiled, rounded to slightly flattened in section; 

chambers increasing in size as added, about twice as 

broad as high; sutures radiate and nearly straight in 

the coil, slightly curved in the later portion and becoming more nearly horizontal, obscured by the longitudinal 

costae; wall calcareous, surface ornamented with 10 to 

12 strongly elevated and continuous costae; aperture 

radiate, produced on a short neck at the dorsal angle, 

although the dorsal angle is broken from the hypotype 

here figured.

Length of hypotype of fig. 18, 0.39 mm, breadth 0.21 

mm. Other hypotypes range in length from 0.29 to 0.36 

mm.

Remarks.—This species differs from the Lias species 

Cristellaria sparsa Terquem and Berthelin in being less 

elongate, with higher chambers and fewer ribs.

Marginulinopsis phragmites differs from Cristellaria 

lacunata Terquem and Berthelin, 1875, in being smaller, 

and in having higher chambers and more numerous 

ribs. Terquem and Berthelin's name was preoccupied 

by Cristellaria lacunata Terquem, 1870, which is a 

distinct form from the Middle Jurassic.

Types and occurrence.—Figured hypotype (USNM 

P787) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM P788) from 

Upper Jurassic rocks in a core at 7,042-7,052 feet, in 

Topagoruk Test Well 1, west of Topagoruk River, at

lat 70°37/30// N., long 155°53'36" W., in northern 

Alaska.

Genus SARACENARIA Defrance, 1824

Saracenaria oxfordiana Tappan, new name

Plate 26, figure 27

Cristellaria triquetra Gumbel, 1862 (not Cristellaria triquetra 

Gumbel, 1861), Jahrh. Wurttemberg Naturw., v. 18, p. 225, 

pi. 3, figs. 28a-c; Macfadyen, 1935, Geol. and Paleon. Brit. 

Somaliland, pt. 2, p. 16, pi. 1, figs. 19a-b.

Test free, early portion planispiral, later uncoiling 

and with a triangular cross section, peripheral keel and 

margins of the apertural face acute and elevated; about 

7 chambers in the coil, followed by 4 to 5 uncoiled and 

triangular chambers, all showing a gradual increase in 

size as added, comparatively low and broad; sutures distinct, slightly depressed, gently curved; wall calcareous, 

surface smooth; apertural portion broken from the 

Alaskan hypotype, but the species was originally 

described as having a rounded aperture, somewhat 

produced at the dorsal angle.

Length of figured hypotype 0.49 mm, greatest 

breadth of coil 0.23 mm, greatest breadth of last cham 

ber 0.31 mm, thickness of face 0.21 mm.

Remarks.—The Alaskan specimen is very similar to 

the type of Cristellaria triquetra Gumbel, 1862, from 

the German Lower Oxfordian, in general appearance, 

small coil and elevated margins, but is about one-half as 

large. The Alaskan specimen has one less uncoiled 

chamber, and the last one present is broken, so that it 

would have been more nearly equal in size if complete and 

at an equal stage of development. Macfadyen's 

specimen from British Somaliland is approximately the 

same size as that from Alaska. Gumbel preoccupied 

his specific name for this form by using it the previous 

year for an Eocene form. Hence, his Jurassic species 

requires a new name and Saracenaria oxfordiana Tappan, 

new name is here proposed.

Types and occurrence.—Figured hypotype (USNM 

P786) from Upper Jurassic rocks in a core at 7,042- 

7,052 feet, in Topagoruk Test Well 1, west of Topagoruk River, at lat 70°37'30" N., long 155°53/36 // W., 

in northern Alaska.

Saracenaria phaedra Tappan, n. sp. 

Plate 26, figure 22

Test free, elongate, early portion faintly coiled, later 

becoming uniserial, with chambers highest at the dorsal 

margin and triangular in section, margins carinate; 

chambers low and broad, 10 in the holotype, increasing 

more rapidly in breadth than in height; sutures distinct, 

slightly curved, moderately depressed; wall calcareous, 

surface smooth; aperture at the dorsal angle, tiny and 

rounded.
JURASSIC FOBAMINIFERA 65

Length of holotype 0.55 mm, greatest breadth 0.26 

mm, breadth of apertural face 0.23 mm.

Remarks.—This species lacks the distinct coil of the 

associated species Saracenaria topagorukensis and $. 

oxfordiana, the chambers are lower and the sutures less 

curved. The test is more like a triangular Astacolus 

than a triangular Lenticulina. Only a single specimen 

has been found.

Type and occurrence.—Holotype (USNM P785) from 

Upper Jurassic rocks in a core at 7,042-7,052 feet in 

Topagoruk Test Well 1, west of Topagoruk River, at 

lat 70°37/30// N., long 155°53'36" W., in northern 

Alaska.

Saracenaria segmentata Tappan, n. sp.

Plate 26, figures 23-25

Test free, early portion coiled, later uncoiling and 

with a triangular cross section, margins strongly keeled; 

8 to 9 chambers, increasing gradually in size as added 

from the rounded proloculus; sutures curved, strongly 

oblique in the uncoiled portion, thickened but not 

raised; wall calcareous, hyaline, surface smooth except 

for the strong flangelike keels at the angles of the test; 

aperture at the dorsal angle, but as all of the specimens 

observed have this angle broken, it is uncertain whether 

the aperture is rounded or radiate.

Length of holotype (fig. 25) 0.60 mm, breadth of side 

0.26 mm, breadth of apertural face 0.23 mm; length of 

paratype of fig. 23, 0.75 mm, and length of paratype 

of fig. 24, 0.62 mm.

Remarks.—This species is similar to S. alata-angularis 

Franke, from the German Lias, in size, number of 

chambers and prominent keels, but has a less welldeveloped coil. The present species has a comparatively 

large and globular proloculus, and a more uncoiled later 

portion.

S. segmentata, n. sp. also resembles Cristettaria cornucopiae Schwager of Briickmann, 1904 and Saracenaria 

cornucopiae (Schwager) of Paalzow, 1932,butSchwager's 

type is smaller, more slender, more compressed and has 

less prominent keels.

Types and occurrence.—Holotype of fig. 25 (USNM 

P517) and paratypes of figs. 23-24 (USNM P518a-b) 

from a core (Sinemurian) at 2,478-2,496 feet, in the 

Kingak shale of Early Jurassic age in South Barrow 

Test Well 3, at lat 7l°09'40" N., long 156°34/45// W., 

in northern Alaska.

Saracenaria topagorukensis Tappan, n sp. 

Plate 26. figure 26

Test free, planispiral and involute, early portion 

more closely coiled than later chambers, periphery with 

a slight keel; 8 to 9 chambers visible in the final whorl, 

triangular in section, inflated at the angles of the

apertural face, and this inflation remains as a ridge just 

below each suture, giving a false impression of elevated 

and thickened sutures; sutures distinct, slightly depressed, gently curved, convex toward the aperture; 

wall calcareous, surface smooth, except for the ridge-like 

elevation of the chambers subjacent to the sutures; 

aperture radiate, at the dorsal angle, slightly produced.

Length of holotype 0.57 mm, breadth of coil 0.29 mm, 

breadth of final chamber 0.31 mm. Paratypes range in 

length from 0.29 to 0.68 mm.

Remarks.—This species resembles the type of Cristellaria lithuanica Briickmann, 1904, but differs in 

lacking the definitely incised sutures and in being only 

about one-half as large as the German species. $. 

topagorukensis differs from the associated $. oxfordiana 

in having a comparatively larger coil, and in the inflation of the chambers subjacent to the sutures.

Types and occurrence.—Holotype (USNM P782) and 

unfigured paratypes (USNM P783) from the Upper 

Jurassic rocks, in a core at 7,042-7,052 feet, in Topagoruk Test Well 1, west of Topagoruk River, at lat 

70°37/30'/ N., long 155°53'36" W., in northern Alaska.

Genus DENTAIINA d'Orbigny

Dentalina bartensteini Tappan, n. name

Plate 21, fig. 28

Dentalina sublinearis Franke, 1936 (not Dentalina sublinearis 

Schwager, 1865), Abh. Preuss. Geol. Landesanst., Neue 

Folge, no. 169, p. 31, pi. 2, fig. 24; Bartenstein and Brand, 

1937, Abh. Senckenberg. Naturforsch. Gesell., no. 439, 

p. 140.

Test free, elongate, rectilinear; with four to six inflated chambers increasing gradually in diameter from 

the rounded base, but increasing more rapidly in 

height; sutures distinct, depressed, oblique; wall calcareous, surface smooth; aperture at the end of a short 

neck, radiate.

Length of figured hypotype 0.70 mm, breadth 0.21 

mm. Other specimens range in length from 0.42 to 

1.30 mm.

Remarks.—This species differs from the associated 

D. tortilis Franke in the absence of a basal spine. 

Franke's type was from the middle Lias of Germany. 

However, his name was preoccupied by D. sublinearis 

Schwager, 1865, an Upper Jurassic (Oxfordian) species 

from Germany. The present species is here renamed 

in honor of Dr. Helmut Bartenstein, in recognition of 

his excellent work on the German Jurassic Foraminifera.

Types and occurrence.—Unfigured hypotype (USNM 

P616) from a core (Lower Toarcian) at 2,028-2,048 

feet; unfigured hypotypes (USNM P617) from a core 

at 2,109-2,119 feet, hypotype of fig. 28 (USNM P618) 

and unfigured hypotypes (USNM P619) from a core
66 FOEAMINIFERA FEOM THE AECTIC SLOPE OF ALASKA

at 2,130-2,140 feet, unfigured hypotype (USNM P620) 

from a core at 2,140-2,150 feet, unfigured hypotypes 

(USNM P621) from a core at 2,150-2,170 feet, all of 

Late Pliensbaehian age; and unfigured hypotypes 

(USNM P622) from a core (Sinemurian) at 2,478- 2,496 

feet, all from the Kingak shale of Early Jurassic age in 

South Barrow Test Well 3, at lat 71°09'40" N., long 

156°34'45" W., in northern Alaska.

Dentalina clivosa (Franke) 

Plate 23, figures 14-15

Vaginulina clivosa Franke, 1936, Abh. Preuss. Geol. Landesanst., 

Neue Folge, no. 169, p. 86, pi. 8, fig. 42.

Test free, elongate, arcuate, sub-triangular in section and with keeled margins; chambers few, as many 

as 6, increasing slowly in size as added, final chamber 

somewhat produced apically; sutures distinct, oblique, 

slightly depressed; wall calcareous, hyaline, with about 

5 or 6 longitudinal ribs, three of which form "keels" at 

the angles; aperture terminal, simple.

Length of hypotype of fig. 14, 0.47 mm, breadth 

0.13 mm.

Remarks.—This species differs from the associated 

Dentalina tenuistriata Terquem in having fewer ribs and 

a narrower test.

Types and occurrence.—Hypotype of fig. 14 (USNM 

P597), from a core (Lower Toarcian) at 2,028-2,048 

feet, and hypotype of fig. 15 (USNM P598) from a core 

(Upper Pliensbaehian) at 2,099-2,109 feet, from the 

Kingak shale of Early Jurassic age in South Barrow 

Test Well 3, at lat 71°09'40" N., long 156°34'45" W., 

in northern Alaska.

Dentalina ectadia Loeblich and Tappan 

Plate 21, figure 11

Dentalina ectadia Loeblich and Tappan, 1950, Jour. Paleontology, 

v. 24, no. 1, p. 47, pi. 13, figs. 3-5.

Test free, elongate, small; chambers few, of nearly 

equal breadth and height, with final chamber somewhat 

more elongate; sutures distinct, slightly constricted, 

oblique; wall calcareous, surface smooth; aperture 

terminal, but apertural extremity broken from the 

only Alaskan specimen.

Length of figured hypotype 0.70 mm, breadth 0.18 

mm.

Remarks.—This specimen is close to the types from 

the Redwater shale member of the Sundance formation 

(Upper Jurassic) of South Dakota, although not as 

large, nor with as many chambers. As it is otherwise 

similar, and as only a single specimen was found, it is 

throught probable that it represents the same species, 

but a juvenile form.

Type and occurrence.—Hypotype (USNM P794) 

from Upper Jurassic rocks in a core at 7,042-7,052 feet, 

in Topagoruk Test Well 1, west of Topagoruk River, 

at lat 70°37/30' N., long 155°53'36" W., in the Arctic 

Coastal Plain, in northern Alaska.

Dentalina exilis Franke 

Plate 23, figures 5-7

Dentalina exilis Franke, 1936, Abh. Preuss. Geol. Landesanst., 

Neue Folge, no. 169, p. 31, pi. 2, fig. 25; Bartenstein and 

Brand, 1937, Abh. Senckenberg. Naturf. Gesell., no. 439, 

p. 139, pi. 2B, fig. 24.

Test free, narrow, elongate, arcuate; five or more 

chambers which are subcylindrical or slightly inflated 

centrally, increasing very little in size as added, of 

approximately equal height and breadth, final chamber 

somewhat produced at the apertural end; sutures 

distinct, straight, horizontal, slightly constricted; wall 

calcareous, surface smooth; aperture terminal, radiate.

Length of hypotype of fig. 5, 0.55 mm, breadth 0.10 

mm; length of hypotype of fig. 6, 0.99 mm, breadth 

0.18 mm; length of hypotype of fig. 7, 0.52 mm, breadth 

0.13 mm.

Remarks.—This species is similar in size to Dentalina sinemuriensis Terquem, 1866, from the French 

Lias, and in the subcylindrical to slightly inflated 

chambers which increase rapidly in height but very little 

in diameter. However, the specimens of D. sinemuriensis figured by Terquem and Berthelin, in 1875, 

are more tapered and the chambers more inflated and 

not as high, hence the two species are not considered 

synonymous.

Types and occurrence.—Hypotype of fig. 7 (USNM 

P599) from a core at 2,099-2,109 feet, and hypotypes 

of figs. 5-6 (USNM P600a-b) from a core at 2,130-2,140 

feet, all of Late Pliensbaehian age, in the Kingak shale 

of Early Jurassic age, in South Barrow Test Well 3, 

at lat 71°09'40" N., long 156°34'45" W., in northern 

Alaska.

Dentalina pseudocommunis Franke 

Plate 21, figures 29-33

Dentalina communis (d'Orbigny) Blake, 1876 (not Nodosaria 

(Dentaline) communis d'Orbigny, 1826), in Tate and Blake, 

The Yorkshire Lias, pt. 2, p. 457, pi. 18, fig. 19; Bartenstein 

and Brand, 1937, Abh. Senckenberg. Naturf. Gesell., 

no. 439, p. 136, pi. 1A, fig. 6, pi. IB, figs. 14-15, pi. 2A, 

fig. 5, pi. 2B, figs. 9-10, pi. 3, fig. 8, pi. 4, figs. 23a-b, pi. 5, 

fig. 13, pi. 6, fig. 10; Macfadyen, 1941, Philos. Trans. Roy. 

Soc. London, ser. B, no. 576, v. 231, p. 39, pi. 2, fig. 34.

Dentalina pseudocommunis Franke, 1936, Abh. Preuss. Geol. 

Landesanst., Neue Folge, v. 169, p. 30, pi. 2, figs. 20a-b; 

Barnard, 1950, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, v. 105, pt. 3, 

p. 364, fig. 5k; Barnard, 1950, Ibid., v. 106, pt. 1, p. 19, 

pi. 3, figs. 6, 7, text figs, lla-b.
JURASSIC FOBAMINIFERA 67

Dentalina subsiliqua Franke, Bartenstein and Brand, 1937 (not 

Franke, 1936), Abh. Senckenberg. Naturf. Gesell., v. 439, 

p. 136, pi. 1A, fig. 5, pi. 2A, fig. 6, pi. 3, fig. 7, pi. 4, fig. 22, 

pi. 5, fig. 11.

Dentalina vetustissima d'Orbigny, Bartenstein and Brand, 1937 

(not d'Orbigny, 1849), Abh. Senckenberg. Naturf. Gesell., 

v. 439, p. 137, pi. 4, fig. 25, pi. 5, fig. 12.

Enantiodentalina pseudocommunis (Franke) Payard, 1947, 

Foram. Lias Superieur, p. 178, pi. 2, fig. 38.

Test free, narrow, elongate, arcuate, rounded in 

cross section; chambers increasing gradually in size 

from the ovate apiculate proloculus, increasing most 

rapidly in height, so that early chambers are low and 

broad and later ones comparatively high and elongate; 

sutures distinct, slightly oblique, later ones more 

nearly horizontal; wall calcareous, hyaline, surface 

smooth; aperture terminal, radiate.

Length of hypo type of fig. 30, 1.14 mm, breadth 0.18 

mm; length of hypotype of fig. 31, 0.96 mm, breadth 

0.16 mm; length of hypotype of fig. 33, 0.83 mm, 

breadth 0.21 mm. Other specimens range from 0.26 

to 1.22 mm in length.

Remarks.—The Alaskan specimens are similar to 

Franke's types. Barnard (1950b) figured two typical 

specimens (text figs, lla, b) and two atypical ones 

(pi. 3, figs. 6, 7). In the present writer's opinion the 

latter may belong to a distinct species, as Barnard's 

fig. 7 shows a specimen with more horizontal and much 

more constricted sutures than is characteristic of 

D. pseudocommunis. Specimens referred by Bartenstein and Brand to D. subsiliqua Franke and D. vetustissima d'Orbigny are very like the present species, and 

have more oblique sutures and a more apiculate base 

than the types of these species described by Franke and 

d'Orbigny, respectively.

Types and occurrence.—Unfigured hypotypes (USNM 

P601) from a core at 1,999-2,018 feet, hypotype of fig. 

31 (USNM P602) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM 

P603) from a core at 2,028-2,048 feet, all of Lower 

Toarcian age; unfigured specimens (USNM P605) from 

a core at 2,068-2,078 feet, unfigured hypotypes (USNM 

P606) from a core at 2,099-2,109 feet, unfigured hypotypes (USNM P607) from a core at 2,109-2,119 feet, 

hypotype of fig. 33 (USNM P608) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM P609) from a core at 2,130-2,140 feet, 

hypotypes of figs. 29-30 (USNM P610a-b) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM P611) from a core at 2,140- 

2,150 feet, hypotype of fig. 32 (USNM P612) and 

unfigured hypotypes (USNM P613) from a core at 

2,150-2,170 feet, unfigured hypotypes (USNM P614) 

from a core at 2,170-2,179 feet, all of Late Pliensbachian 

age; and unfigured hypotypes (USNM P615) from a core 

(Lower Lias) at 2,231-2,251 feet, all from the Kingak 

shale of Early Jurassic age in South Barrow Test Well

3, at lat 71°09'40" N., long 156Q34'45" W., in northern 

Alaska.

Dentalina subtenuicollis Franke

Plate 21, figures 26-27

Dentalina subtenuicollis Franke, 1936, Abh. Preuss. Geol. 

Landesanst., Neue Folge, no. 169, p. 32, pi. 2, figs. 29a-b.

Test free, elongate, robust, enlarging very slightly 

from the rounded base; chambers 5 to 7 in number, 

increasing gradually in size as added, early chambers 

low, later ones of nearly equal height and breadth; 

sutures distinct, nearly horizontal, slightly constricted; 

wall calcareous, surface smooth; aperture terminal, 

radiate, somewhat produced at the outer margin.

Length of hypotype of fig. 26, 0.86 mm, breadth 0.23 

mm.

Remarks.—Franke's types were somewhat better 

developed than the Alaskan specimens, but the latter 

are well within the size limits as given by Franke.

Types and occurrence"—Hypotype of fig. 27 (USNM 

P623) and unfigured hypotype (USNM P624) from a 

core (Lower Toarcian) at 1,979-1,9.99 feet, and hypotype of fig. 26 (USNM P625) from a core (Upper 

Pliensbachian) at 2,130-2,140 feet, all from the Kingak 

shale of Early Jurassic age, in South Barrow Test Well 3, 

at lat 71°09'40" N., long 156°34'45" W., in northern 

Alaska.

Dentalina tenuistriata Terquem

Plate 23, figures 8-13

Dentalina tenuistriata Terquem, 1866, Cinquieme Mem. Foram. 

Lias Moselle, Metz, p. 405, pi. 15, figs. 5a-c; Franke, 

1936, Abh. Preuss. Geol. Landesanst., Neue Folge, no. 169, 

p. 35, pi. 3, figs. 7a-c; Bartenstein and Brand, 1937, Abh. 

Senckenberg. Naturf. Gesell., no. 439, p. 141, pi. 4, figs. 

29a-c, pi. 5, fig. 37; Wicher, 1938, Abh. Preuss. Geol. 

Landesanst., Neue Folge, no. 193, pi. 18, figs. 11, 12.

Test free, elongate, tapering to the apiculate base; 

chambers increasing gradually in size as added, low and 

broad in the early portion, later chambers much higher, 

final chamber elongate-ovate; sutures distinct, depressed, slightly oblique; wall calcareous, hyaline, 

ornamented with numerous fine longitudinal ribs which 

may die out at the terminal portion of the final chamber; 

aperture at the end of a short neck on the ventral 

margin, radiate.

Length of hypotype of fig. 8, 0.83 mm, breadth 0.21 

mm, thickness 0.18 mm; length of hypotype of fig. 10, 

0.57 mm, breadth 0.13 mm; length of hypotype of fig. 

11, 0.52 mm, breadth 0.16 mm; length of single chamber 

of fig. 13, 0.65 mm, breadth 0.29 mm.

Remarks.'—Tests of this rather fragile species are 

often broken in the preparation of the material for 

study. Occasional very large chambers are found
68 FORAMINIPEBA PROM THE ARCTIC SLOPE OP ALASKA

(fig. 13) which probably represent the adult stage of 

the microspheric test, which flares more rapidly (fig. 8) 

than does the megalospheric form (fig. 10).

Types and occurrence.—Unfigured hypotype (USNM 

P626) from a core at 1,979-1,999 feet, specimen of fig. 8 

(USNM P627) from a core at 1,999-2,018 feet, unfigured 

hypotypes (USNM P628) from a core at 2,028-2,033 

feet, hypotype of fig. 9 (USNM P629) and unfigured 

hypotypes (USNM P630) from a core at 2,028-2,048 

feet, all of Early Toarcian age; unfigured hypotypes 

(USNM P631) from a core at 2,068-2,078 feet, hypotypes of figs. 10-13 (USNM P632a-d) and unfigured 

hypotypes (USNM P633) from a core at 2,109-2,119 

feet, all from the Upper Pliensbachian; in the Kingak 

shale of Early Jurassic age, in South Barrow Test Well 

3, at lat 71°09'40" N., long 156°34'45" W., in northern 

Alaska.

Dentalina terquemi d'Orbigny

Plate 23, figures 1-4

Dentalina terquiemi d'Orbigny, 1850, Prodrome Pale"on. stratig.

universelle, v. 1, p. 242. 

Vaginulina hausmanni Bornemann, 1854, tTber Liasformation

Umgegend Gottingen, p. 38, pi. 3, fig. 25. 

Dentalina terquemi d'Orbigny, Franke, 1936, Abh. Preuss. Geol.

Landesanst., Neue Folge, no. 169, p. 28, pi. 2, fig. 17; Macfadyen, 1936, Jour. Roy. Micros. Soc. London, ser. 3, v. 56,

p. 149, pi. 1, fig. 257; Bartenstein and Brand, 1937, Abh.

Senckenberg. Naturf. Gesell., no. 439, p. 138, pi. 2A, fig. 8,

pi. 4, figs. 26a-c, pi. 5, fig. 64; Wicher, 1938, Abh. Preuss.

Geol. Landesanst., Neue Folge, no. 193, pi. 17, figs. 2, 4;

Barnard, 1950, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, v. 106, pt.

1, p. 22, text fig. 14. 

Dentalina hausmanni (Bornemann) Franke, 1936, Abh. Preuss.

Geol. Landesanst., Neue Folge, no. 169, p. 29, pi. 2, figs.

15a-b.

Test free, elongate, arcuate, somewhat flattened; 

early chambers low and broad, oblique, later chambers 

higher and more rounded in section; sutures distinct, 

oblique, straight to slightly curved; wall calcareous, 

surface smooth; aperture at the dorsal angle, radiate.

Length of hypotype of fig. 1, 0.73 mm, breadth 0.18 

mm; length of hypotype of fig. 2, 1.17 mm, breadth 

0.21 mm; length of hypotype of fig. 3, 1.46 mm. Other 

specimens range from 0.39 to 1.17 mm in length.

Remarks.—This species is characterized by its robust 

form and by the low conical proloculus.

Types and occurrence.—Unfigured specimens (USNM 

P634) from a core at 2,028-2,048 feet, unfigured hypotype (USNM P635) from a core at 2,033-2,038 feet, all 

of Early Toarcian age; unfigured hypotype (USNM 

P636) from a core at 2,099-2,109 feet, hypotypes of 

figs. 2, 3 (USNM P637a-b) and unfigured hypotypes 

{USNM P638) from a core at 2,109-2,119 feet, hypotypes of figs. 1 and 4 (USNM P639a-b) and unfigured 

hypotypes (USNM P640) from a core at 2,130-2,140 

feet, unfigured hypotypes (USNM P641) from a core

at 2,140-2,150 feet, and unfigured hypotypes (USNM 

P642) from a core at 2,150-2,170 feet, all from the 

Upper Pliensbachian; in the Kingak shale of Early 

Jurassic age, in South Barrow Test Well 3, at lat 

71°09'40" N., long 156°34'45" W., in northern Alaska.

Dentalina tortilis Franke 

Plate 21, figures 23-25

Dentalina tortilis Franke, 1936, Abh. Preuss. Geol. Landesanst., 

Neue Folge no. 169, p. 29, pi. 2, figs. 19a-b; Bartenstein 

and Brand, 1937, Abh. Senckenberg. Naturf. Gesell., no. 

439, p. 138.

Test free, elongate, tapering; proloculus ovate, with 

a somewhat eccentric basal spine, which is nearest to 

the outer margin of the arcuate test, followed by 3 to 5 

additional chambers of somewhat greater breadth than 

height, later chambers slightly inflated, especially at 

the dorsal margin, final chamber comparatively high 

and inflated; sutures distinct, flush or slightly constricted, straight and horizontal or a little oblique; wall 

calcareous, surface smooth; aperture radiate, on a 

short neck at the inner margin of the test.

Length of hypotype of fig. 24, 0.62 mm, greatest 

breadth 0.18 mm, length of hypotype of fig. 25, 0.78 

mm, greatest breadth 0.23 mm. Other specimens 

range from 0.42 to 0.70 mm in length.

Remarks.-—This small species has more elongate 

chambers than does Marginulina utricula Terquem 

and Berthelin, and an ovate rather than globular proloculus. Only a single apical spine is found on this 

species.

Types and occurrence.—Hypotypes of figs. 23 and 25 

(USNM P643a-b) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM 

P644) from a core at 2,109-2,119 feet, and hypotype 

of fig. 24 (USNM P645), and unfigured hypotypes 

(USNM P646) from a core at 2,140-2,150 feet, all of 

Late Pliensbachian age; from the Kingak shale of 

Early Jurassic age in South Barrow Test Well 3, at 

lat 71°09'40" N., long 156°34'45" W., in northern 

Alaska.

Genus NODOSARIA Lamarck, 1812

Nodosaria apheilolocula Tappan, new name 

Plate 24, figures 6-7

Nodosaria incerta Terquem and Berthelin, 1875 (not N. incerta 

Neugeboren, 1856, and not N. incerta 0. Silvestri, 1872), 

Me"m. Soc. Ge"ol. France, ser. 2, v. 10, no. 3, p. 18, pi. 1, 

fig. 15.

Nodosaria hirsuta d'Orbigny, Bartenstein and Brand, 1937 (not 

Nodosaria (Nodosaire) hirsuta d'Orbigny, 1826), Abh. 

Senckenberg. Naturf., no. 439, p. 145, pi. 4, figs. 39a-b, 

pi. 5, fig. 26.

Tests generally consisting of isolated globular chambers, with broken necks at each end, showing them to 

be only portions of a fragile, elongate, multilocular
JURASSIC FORAMINIFERA 69

species, composed of globular to ovate chambers with 

very slender connecting necks; wall calcareous, finely 

hispid; aperture at the end of a neck, rounded.

Length of chamber of hypotype shown in fig. 6, 0.39 

mm, breadth 0.23 mm; length of hypotype of fig. 7, 

0.21 mm, breadth 0.16 mm.

Remarks.—This species was described by Terquem 

and Berthelin as Nodosaria incerta, which was a double 

homonym, being preoccupied both by N. incerta 

Neugeboren, 1856 and N. incerta O. Silvestri, 1872. 

The species was referred to N. hirsuta d'Orbigny by 

Bartenstein and Brand, but differs from this Recent 

species in being more finely hispid, and in having more 

blunt spines and a thicker and smoother neck.

Types and occurrence.—Hypotype of fig. 6 (USNM 

P520) from a core at 2,130-2,140 feet, and hypotype 

of fig. 7 (USNM P519) from a core at 2,150-2,170 feet, 

both from the Upper Pliensbachian part of the Kingak 

shale of Early Jurassic age, in South Barrow Test 

Well 3, at lat 71°09/40 // N., long 156°34/45// W., in 

northern Alaska.

Nodosaria berthelini Tappan, n. sp. 

Plate 25, figures 13-16

Dentalina paucicosta Terquem, Terquem and Berthelin, 1875 

(not Terquem, 1866), Me"m. Soc. Ge"ol. France, ser. 2, v. 10, 

no. 3, p. 31, pi. 2, figs. 18a-f.

Glandulina paucicosta Romer, Blake, 1876 (part; not Romer, 

1841), in Tate and Blake, The Yorkshire Lias, pt. 2, p. 455, 

pi. 19, fig. la (not pi. 18, fig. 13 and not pi. 19, fig. 1).

Test free, narrow, elongate, microspheric form 

tapering at the base, megalospheric form nearly 

cylindrical; early chambers low, very slightly inflated, 

final chamber higher, 4 to 8 in megalospheric tests, as 

many as 10 in the microspheric form, proloculus with 

an elongate basal spine (figs. 15, 16); sutures indistinct, 

obscured by the longitudinal ribs, but may be seen as 

dark lines on some specimens, and are discernible on 

others when dampened; sutures straight and horizontal, 

not depressed; wall calcareous, hyaline, surface ornamented by 5 to 7 low and thick longitudinal ribs, which 

are continuous across the sutures, but die out at the 

terminal portion of the final chamber; aperture 

terminal, rounded, at the end of a short protruberance 

on the final chamber.

Length of holotype in fig. 16, 0.60 mm, breadth 

0.18 mm; length of paratype of fig. 13, 0.62 mm, 

breadth 0.21 mm. Other specimens range from 0.31 to 

0.94 mm in length.

Remarks.—This species is apparently identical with 

that figured by Terquem and Berthelin in 1875 as 

Dentalina paucicosta Terquem, for it is regularly 

conical or cylindrical, with a central aperture and 

about 8 ribs. Terquem's species is a true Dentalina,

however, arcuate, more slender, much larger and with 

only 6 ribs. The specimen Franke (1936) referred to 

D. paucicosta is distinct both from Terquem's species 

and the present one, being thicker, with as many as 14 

ribs and may belong to D. sculpta Terquem.

Blake (1876) figured a specimen belonging to the 

present species, including it with "Glandulina paucicosta 

Romer", although he stated (p. 455), "PI. XIX, fig. lar 

doubtfully belongs here. It may be Dentalina cuneiformis Terquem." However, it differs from Dentalina 

cuneiformis in the straight sides, fewer ribs, and in 

being smooth at the apertural end of the final chamber. 

Blake's specimen was from the planorbis zone of the 

Lower Lias, in England.

Types and occurrence.—Unfigured paratypes (USNM 

P521) from a core at 2,109-2,119 feet, unfigured 

paratypes (USNM P522) from a core at 2,130-2,140 

feet, unfigured paratypes (USNM P523) from a core at 

2,140-2,150 feet, holotype (fig. 16) (USNM P524) and 

paratypes of figs. 13-15 (USNM P525a-c) and unfigured 

paratypes (USNM P526) from a core at 2,150-2,170 

feet, and unfigured paratypes (USNM P527) from a core 

at 2,170-2,179 feet, all of Late Pliensbachian age, from 

the Kingak shale of Early Jurassic age, in South Barrow 

Test Well 3, at lat 71°09/40// N., long 156°34'45" W., 

in northern Alaska.

Nodosaria candela Franke 

Plate 26, figure 6

Nodosaria candela Franke, 1936, Abh. Preuss. Geol. Landesanst., 

Neue Folge, no. 169, p. 42, pi. 4, fig. 1.

Test free, elongate, narrow; consisting of approximately 6 subcylindrical rectilinear chambers of nearly 

equal breadth and height, slightly lower in the early 

portion of the test, and final chamber about 1% times as 

high as broad; sutures distinct, flush, horizontal; wall 

calcareous, surface smooth; aperture terminal, broken 

on the only hypotype found.

Length of figured hypotype 1.07 mm, breadth 

0.23 mm.

Remarks.—This species is characterized by the 

slender, elongate and cylindrical test and produced 

final chamber.

Type and occurrence. Hypotype (USNM P528) from 

a core (Sinemurian) at 2,468-2,478 feet, in the Kingak 

shale of Early Jurassic age in South Barrow Test Well 3, 

at lat 71°09'40// N., long 156°34/45// W., in northern

Alaska.

Nodosaria detruncata Schwager

Plate 26, figures 19-20

Nodosaria detruncata Schwager, 1867, Geogn. -Palaont. Beitrage 

v. Bennecke, v. 1, no. 3, p. 656, pi. 34, fig. 7; Paalzow, 1932, 

Jahresheft. Ver. Vaterl. Naturk. Wurttemberg, Jahrg. 88, 

p. 120, pi. 8, fig. 18.
70 FORAMINIFERA PROM THE ARCTIC SLOPE OF ALASKA

Test free, small, elongate, consisting of a rectilinear 

series of 2 to 6 rounded chambers; chambers increasing 

gradually in size from the rounded base, early chambers 

comparatively low, later ones more globular; sutures 

distinct, horizontal, straight and constricted; wall 

calcareous, surface smooth; aperture terminal, rounded.

Length of hypotype of fig. 19, 0.47 mm, breadth 0.21 

mm; length of hypotype of fig. 20, 0.57 mm, breadth 

0.18 mm. Length of unfigured hypotype 0.36 mm.

Remarks.—Schwager's type is 0.42 mm in length and 

is similar to the specimen shown here in fig. 20. It 

was from the Dogger (middle Jurassic) of Switzerland, 

in the Ammonites sowerbyi zone. Paalzow recorded a 

single specimen, about 1 mm in length, from the 

transversarius beds, which showed an early tapered 

stage like that of the specimen here shown in fig. 20, 

and the later chambers more globular, like those of the 

specimen of fig. 19.

This species is similar to the Lower Lias Nodosaria 

primitive, Kiibler and Zwingli, but is about three times 

as large. It differs from Nodosaria osynkiensis Myatliuk, from the Russian Upper Jurassic series, in being 

shorter and broader, and in lacking a pointed, spinelike basal chamber.

Types and occurrence.—Figured hypotypes (USNM 

P586a-b) and unfigured hypotype (USNM P587) from 

Upper Jurassic rocks at approximately lat 68°24' N., 

long 150°55' W., on the west bank of Welcome Creek, 

about 6 miles upstream from its confluence with 

Kanayut River, in the foothills of the Brooks Range, in 

northern Alaska. Collected by William W. Patton, 

1950.

Nodosaria mitis (Terquem and Berthelin)

Plate 24, figures 11-18

Dentalina mitis Terquem and Berthelin, 1875, M£m. Soc. G£ol.

France, ser. 2, v. 10, no. 3, p. 28, pi. 2, figs. 9a-c. 

Dentalina oculina Terquem and Berthelin, 1875, Ibid., p. 31,

pi. 2, figs. 20a-c. 

Nodosaria mitis (Terquem and Berthelin) Franke, 1936, Abh.

Preuss. Geol. Landesanst., Neue Folge, no. 169, p. 45, pi. 4,

fig. lla; Bartenstein and Brand, 1937, Abh. Senckenberg.

Naturf. Gesell., no. 439, p. 145, pi. 2A, fig. 9, pi. 2B, fig. 13,

pi. 3, fig. 18, pi. 4, fig. 36, pi. 5, fig. 24. 

Nodosaria mitis (Terquem and Berthelin) f. juvensis Franke,

1936, Abh. Preuss. Geol. Landesanst., Neue Folge, no. 169,

p. 46, pi. 4, fig. lib. 

Nodosaria oculina (Terquem and Berthelin) Franke, 1936, Ibid.,

p. 49, pi. 4, fig. 21; Bartenstein and Brand, 1937, Abh.

Senckenberg. Naturf. Gesell., no. 439, p. 147, pi. 3, fig. 19,

pi. 5, fig. 25; Payard, 1947, Foram. Lias Sup^rieur Detroit

Poitevin, p. 170, pi. 2, figs. 17-18. 

Nodosaria oculina (Terquem and Berthelin) forma a. Bartenstein

and Brand, 1937, Abh. Senckenberg. Naturf. Gesell., no.

439, p. 147, pi. 8, fig. 14.

Test narrow and elongate, tapering slightly; consisting of a series of 2 to 8 chambers which increase very

little hi size as added, somewhat greater hi breadth 

than height, and slightly inflated centrally, proloculus 

with a short basal spine; sutures distinct, represented 

by a dark line, horizontal; wall calcareous, hyaline, 

ornamented with 8 to 9 longitudinal, narrow, and 

flange-like ribs, which are continuous across chambers 

and sutures; aperture terminal, radiate, on a short neck.

Length of hypotype of fig. 11, 0.42 mm; length of 

hypotype of fig. 16, 1.20 mm, breadth 0.39 mm; length 

of hypotype of fig. 17, 1.14 mm. Other specimens are 

from 0.29 to 1.66 mm in length.

Remarks.—This species was originally described as 

belonging to Dentalina and a few specimens occur 

which have a slightly curved axis, but the species is 

placed in Nodosaria as the specimens are most frequently typically nodosarian in character.

This species well illustrates the great confusion in 

the nomenclature of the Jurassic Nodosariidae. The 

species Dentalina mitis and Dentalina oculina were 

described by Terquem and Berthelin from the same 

horizon, and were apparently separated on the degree 

of chamber inflation. Franke (1936) recognized both 

species, although placing them in the genus Nodosaria, 

and described Nodosaria mitis (Terquem and Berthelin) 

f. juvensis Franke, for a single young specimen of three 

chambers. He also placed Dentalina vermicularis 

Terquem as Nodosaria oculina (Terquem and Berthelin) 

f. vermicularis (Terquem).

Bartenstein and Brand (1937) recognized Nodosaria 

mitis and N. oculina but placed Dentalina vermicularis 

Terquem, and Franke's N. oculina f. vermicularis with 

Dentalina oculina Terquem and Berthelin (part, fig. 

20b) hi N. oculina (Terquem and Berthelin) forma a 

Bartenstein and Brand. They also erected N. infraoolithica as a new species, transitional with N. oculina, 

but with more numerous and very thin ribs, but gave 

no further description, illustrations nor measurements 

for this new form.

Macfadyen (1941, p. 43) placed Dentalina mitis 

(Terquem and Berthelin) (pi. 2, fig. 9b only) and N. 

mitis of Franke, and of Bartenstein and Brand in 

Nodosariafontanessi (Berthelin), stating

It seems impossible to be certain of the valid name for the Lias 

form. Berthelin states that a form similar to N. fontanessi 

occurs in the Lias, but he does not name it, and N. fontanessi is 

the first description and figure that seem satisfactory. Terquem 

and Berthelin's Dentalina mitis is not a satisfactory type for this 

form, though it has been accepted lately by German authors.

However, N. fontanessi (Berthelin) is an Albian (lower 

Cretaceous) species and has itself been placed in the 

synonomy of Nodosaria obscura Reuss by the present 

writer (Tappan, 1940, p. 104).

Payard (1947) placed Dentalina mitis Terquem and 

Berthelin (part) in the synonymy of Nodosaria oculina
JURASSIC FORAMINIFERA 71

(Terquem and Berthelin), citing the same PI. II, fig. 9b 

of Berthelin, and the references of Franke and Bartenstein and Brand, which Macfadyen had placed in N. 

Jontanessi. Payard apparently included the more 

flaring forms in this species, although he stated that 

N. mitis and N. oculina might represent only the microspheric and megalospheric generations of a single 

species.

The writer considers Dentalina mitis and D. oculina 

to be synonyms, and according to the rules of nomenclature, the first used name is the only possible one, 

regardless of its "suitability." Therefore, the species 

is known as Nodosaria mitis (Terquem and Berthelin). 

Nodosaria vermicularis (Terquem) is a distinct species, 

being a larger form, with straight ribs and without 

definite constrictions at the sutures. It also occurs in 

Alaska. Nodosaria mitis differs from the other associated species in the presence of the high flange-like 

ribs, which are few, and the slightly inflated chambers.

Types and occurrence.—Unfigured hypotypes (USNM 

P531) from a core (Lower Toarcian) at 2,048-2,068 feet; 

hypotype of fig. 12 (USNM P532) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM P533) from a core at 2,068-2,078 feet, 

unfigured hypotypes (USNM P534) from a core at 

2,099-2,109 feet, unfigured hypotypes (USNM P535) 

from a core at 2,109-2,119 feet, hypotypes of figs. 11 

and 13 (USNM P536a-b) and unfigured hypotypes 

(USNM P537) from a core at 2,130-2,140 feet, hypotypes of figs. 14 and 18 (USNM P538a-b) and unfigured 

hypotypes (USNM P539) from a core at 2,140-2,150 

feet, hypotypes of figs. 16 and 17 (USNM P540a-b) and 

unfigured hypotypes (USNM P541) from a core at 

2,150-2,160 feet, hypotype of fig. 15 (USNM P542) and 

unfigured hypotypes (USNM P543) from a core at 

2,170-2,179 feet, and unfigured hypotypes (USNM 

P544) from a core at 2,179-2,199 feet, all from the 

Upper Pliensbachian; from the Kingak shale of Early 

Jurassic age, in South Barrow Test Well 3, at lat 

71°09'40" N., long 156°34'45" W., in northern Alaska.

Unfigured hypotype (USNM P545) from a core at 

5,677-5,692 feet, in the Kingak shale of Early Jurassic 

age, in Simpson Test Well 1, at lat 70°57'05" N., long 

155°21'45" W., west of Cape Simpson, in northern 

Alaska.

Nodosaria pachistika Tappan, n. sp. 

Plate 25, figures 10-12

Test free, small, stout, increasing very little in diameter from the rounded base; chambers low and 

broad, slightly inflated centrally; sutures distinct, 

slightly constricted, horizontal; wall calcareous, hyaline, 

surface ornamented with numerous, very low blunt 

costae, 13 to 24 in number, the increase in number 

occurring with increase in diameter of the test, as

costae are approximately equidistant throughout; 

aperture terminal, rounded.

Length of holotype (fig. 12) 0.62 mm, breadth 0.23 

mm; length of paratype of fig. 10, 0.73 mm, breadth 

0.29 mm. Other specimens range from 0.34 to 0.68 

mm in length.

Remarks.—This species is closest to Nodosaria bambergensis Franke, from the German Lias, but differs in 

being much broader and more robust, less tapering, 

and with lower and more numerous chambers. It may 

also have more ribs.

Types and occurrence.—Unfigured paratypes (USNM 

P546) from a core (Lower Toarcian) at 2,048-2,068 

feet, holotype of fig. 12 (USNM P547), paratype of 

fig. 11 (USNM P548) and unfigured paratypes (USNM 

P549) from a core at 2,068-2,078 feet, unfigured paratype (USNM P550) from a core at 2,109-2,119 feet, all 

from the Upper Pliensbachian; paratype of fig. 10 

(USNM P551) and unfigured paratypes (USNM P552) 

from a core at 2,468-2,478 feet, and unfigured paratype 

(USNM P553) from a core at 2,478-2,496 feet, from 

the Sinemurian; all from the Kingak shale of Early 

Jurassic age, in South Barrow Test Well 3, at lat 

71°09/40// N., long 156°34/45 // W., in northern Alaska.

Nodosaria phobytica Tappan, n. sp. 

Plate 24, figures 8-10

Test free, small, elongate, sides nearly parallel; 4 to 

6 broad low chambers, increasing very little in size 

from the somewhat conical proloculus, chambers very 

slightly inflated, final chamber somewhat higher and 

produced at the aperture; sutures flush or a little 

depressed, straight and horizontal; wall calcareous, 

hyaline, ornamented with 8 to 14 low and rounded 

narrow ribs; aperture terminal, radiate, on a very short 

broad neck.

Length of holotype of fig. 9, 0.44 mm, breadth 0.16 

mm; length of paratype of fig. 8, 0.47 mm; length of 

paratype of fig. 10, 0.70 mm, breadth 0.18 mm. Other 

specimens range from 0.26 to 0.55 mm in length.

Remarks.—This species differs from Nodosaria bambergensis Franke in having lower and more numerous 

chambers, in being more slender and in having more 

continuous ribs.

Types and occurrence.—Unfigured paratypes (USNM 

P554) from a core at 2,109-2,119 feet, holotype of 

fig. 9 (USNM P555), and paratype of fig. 10 (USNM 

P556) and unfigured paratypes (USNM P557) from a 

core at 2,130-2,140 feet, paratype of fig. 8 (USNM 

P558) and unfigured paratypes (USNM P559) from a 

core at 2,170-2,179 feet, all of Late Pliensbachian age, 

all from the Kingak shale of Early Jurassic age, in 

South Barrow Test Well 3, at lat 71°09'40" N., long 

156°34'45" W., in northern Alaska.
72 FORAMINIFERA FROM THE ARCTIC SLOPE OF ALASKA

Nodosaria prima d'Orbigny 

Plate 25, figures 8-9

Nodosaria prima d'Orbigny, 1850, Prodrome de paleon. stratig. 

universelle, v. 1, p. 241; Terquem, 1858, Mem. Acad. Imp. 

Metz, ann. 39, (2nd ser., 6th ann.), p. 589, pi. 1, figs. 6a-d; 

Paalzow, 1932, Jahreshefte Vereins Vaterl. Naturkunde in 

Wurttemberg, p. 122, pi. 9, fig. 2; Macfadyen, 1936, Jour. 

Roy. Mier. Soc. London, ser. 3, v. 56, p. 148, pi. 1, figs. 

253a-b; Franke, 1936, Abh. Preuss. Geol. Landesanst., 

Neue Folge, no. 169, p. 45, pi. 4, fig. 9; Bartenstein and 

Brand, 1937, Abh. Senckenberg Naturf. Gesell., no. 439, p. 

145, pi. 5, fig. 36, pi. 14B, fig. 2, pi. 15A, fig. 11, pi. 15C, 

fig. 3; Payard, 1947, Foram. Lias Superieur du Detroit 

Poitevin, p. 164, pi. 2, fig. 9; Barnard, 1950, Quart. Jour. 

Geol. Soc. London, v. 105, pt. 3, p. 357, text fig. Ih.

Test free, large, robust, elongate, sides nearly parallel; 

chambers increasing slightly in size as added from the 

base, later portion nearly cylindrical with chambers 

slightly inflated centrally; sutures horizontal, reflected 

in slight constrictions between the chambers; wall calcareous, hyaline, ornamented with about 14 longitudinal costae (fig. 9) to a maximum of 20 ribs (fig. 8), 

ribs continuous across chambers and sutures, continuing up the neck of the final chamber and forming projections around the aperture; aperture radiate, at the 

end of a short thick neck.

Length of hypotype of fig. 8, a broken specimen, 

2.60 mm, breadth 0.75 mm.

Remarks.—This species is distinguished from all associated forms by its massive appearance, as it is by far 

the largest species of Nodosaria in the Jurassic of 

Alaska.

Types and occurrence.—Unfigured hypotypes (USNM 

P560) from a core at 2,099-2,109 feet, unfigured hypotypes (USNM P561) from a core at 2,109-2,119 feet, 

hypotype of fig. 8 (USNM P562) and unfigured hypotype (USNM P563) from a core at 2,140-2,150 feet, 

all of Late Pliensbachian age; from the Kingak shale 

of Early Jurassic age, in South Barrow Test Well 3, 

at lat 71°09/40// N., long 156°34'45" W., in northern 

Alaska.

Hypotype of fig. 9 (USNM P564) from cuttings at 

5,860-5,870 feet, in the Kingak shale of Early Jurassic 

age, in Simpson Test Well 1, at lat 70°57'05" N., long 

155°21'45" W., west of Cape Simpson, in northern 

Alaska. »

Nodosaria radiata (Terquem)

Plate 25, figures 1-5

Dentalina radiata Terquem, 1866, Sixieme Mem. Foram. Lias,

p. 490, pi. 20, figs. 5a-b.

Nodosaria radiata (Terquem) Franke, 1936, Abh. Preuss. Geol. 

Landesanst., Neue Folge, no. 169, p. 49, pi. 4, fig. 20.

Test free, of medium size, narrow, elongate, tapering; 

chambers low, increasing in diameter as added, more 

rapidly in the microspheric form (figs. 1, 3, 5) than in

the megalospheric form (fig. 2); sutures distinct^ horizontal, visible as a clear dark line across the test, not 

much constricted; wall calcareous, hyaline, ornamented 

by thin and flangelike longitudinal ribs, widely spaced, 

from 5 to 7 in number, and continuous across chambers 

and sutures, but becoming less prominent near the 

aperture on the final chamber; aperture terminal, 

radiate, on a slight neck.

Length of hypotype of fig. 1, 0.70 mm, breadth 0.21 

mm; length of hypotype of fig. 2, 1.33 mm, breadth 

0.34 mm; length of hypotype of fig. 3, 1.69 mm, breadth 

0.42 mm. Other specimens range from 0.70 to 1.22 

mm in length.

Remarks.—This species differs from other Alaskan 

Jurassic species in the low number of high, flangelike 

ribs. Terquem and Franke distinguished various 

species and varieties on the basis of the number of ribs, 

but as this varies in a single specimen (fig. 1), all specimens with a small number of ribs (from 5 to 7) are included here, providing they are alike in other features. 

It is very probable that Marginulina ezcavata Terquem, 

Dentalina paucicosta Terquem, D. guadricosta Terquem 

D. quadrilatera Terquem and D. quadrilatera Terquem 

var. quinquelatera Franks, are all synonymous. If a 

study of the type specimens should show this to be 

true, D. guadrilatera Terquem would have priority. 

As the writer has seen no specimens possessing only 

four ribs, the name radiata is here used, as it is the 

earliest similar species having more than four ribs.

Types and occurrence.—Hypotype of fig. 3 (USNM 

P565) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM P566) from a 

core at 2,099-2,109 feet, unfigured hypotypes (USNM 

P567) from a core at 2,109-2,119 feet, hypotypes of 

figs. 2, 4, and 5 (USNM P568a~c) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM P569) from a core at 2,140-2,150 feet, 

unfigured hypotypes (USNM P570) from a core at 

2,150 -2,170 feet, hypotype of fig. 1 (USNM P571) and 

unfigured hypotype (USNM P572) from a core at 

2,170-2,179 feet, all of Late Pliensbachian age; from 

the Kingak shale of Early Jurassic age, in South 

Barrow Test Well 3, at lat 71°09'40" N., long 156°34' 

45" W., in northern Alaska.

Nodosaria regularis Terquem 

Plate 26, figures 7-9

Nodosaria regularis Terquem, 1862, Mem. Acad. Imp. Metz, 

ann. 42 (ser. 2, ann. 9), p. 436, pi. 5, fig. 12; Franke, 1936, 

Abh. Preuss. Geol. Landesanst., Neue Folge, no. 169, p. 41, 

pi. 3, figs. 19a-b; Bartenstein and Brand, 1937, Abh. 

Senckenberg Naturf. Gesell., no. 439, p. 144, pi. 11A, figs. 

6a-b, pi. 15A, fig. 10; Payard, 1947, Foram. Lias Superieur 

Detroit Poitevin, p. 159, pi. 2, figs. 2-3.

Nodosaria germanica Franke, 1936, Abh. Preuss. Geol. Landesanst., Neue Folge, no. 169, p. 41, pi. 3, figs. 18a-b; Bartenstein and Brand, 1937, Abh. Senckenberg Naturf. Gesell., 

no. 439, p. 143, pi. 5, fig. 66.
JURASSIC FOEAMINIFERA 73

Nodosaria crispala Terquem, Franke, 1936 (not Terquem, 1866), 

Abh. Preuss. Geol. Landesanst., Neue Folge, no. 169, p. 41, 

pi. 3, fig. 20c (not figs. 20a-b).

Test free, elongate, straight or slightly arcuate; 

chambers elongate, ovate, increasing rapidly in size 

from the subglobular proloculus which has a long basal 

spine; sutures distinct, much constricted, so that tests 

are extremely fragile; wall calcareous, hyaline, surface 

smooth; aperture terminal, radiate.

Length of hypotype of fig. 7, 0.96 mm, greatest 

breadth 0.31 mm; length of hypotype of fig. 8, 0.60 

mm, breadth 0.18 mm; length of hypotype of fig. 9, 

0.55 mm, greatest breadth 0.13 mm.

Remarks.—Nodosaria regularis Terquem and N. 

germanica Franke are apparently identical. Franke 

distinguished them by the degree of constriction 

between the chambers, but this varies even in a single 

specimen, and both forms occur together and are the 

same size, with the typically inflated chambers and 

apiculate base. The Alaskan specimen of fig. 9 is similar 

to Franke's N. germanica. Part of Franke's N. crispata 

Terquem seems also to belong to N. regularis. The 

specimen he figured on pi. 3, fig. 20c, seems like this 

species, and differs from those of figs. 20a-b and the 

typical N. crispata in being smooth and in lacking 

the bulbous neck. N. crispata Terquem is probably a 

Reophax, according to Payard, who erected a new 

species Nodosaria frankei Payard, for the hispid 

calcareous forms referred to N. crispata by Franke 

a,nd by Bartenstein and Brand.

Nodosaria subcalomorpha Franke differs from the 

present species only in lacking the apical spine, and 

may belong to the same species.

Nodosaria simplex Terquem and Berthelin, 1875, 

also from the Middle Lias of France, is similar in the 

inflated ovate chambers, apiculate proloculus, and 

much constricted sutures, but apparently has more 

deeply constricted sutures, with tubular connections 

between the chambers.

Types and occurrence.—Hypotype of fig. 7 (USNM 

P573) from a core at 2,140-2,150 feet, hypotypes of 

figs. 8-9 (USNM P574a-b) and unfigured hypotypes 

(USNM P575) from a core at 2,150-2,170 feet, and 

unfigured hypotypes (USNM P576) from a core at 

2,170-2,179 feet, all of Late Pliensbachian age, from 

the Kingak shale of Early Jurassic age, in South 

Barrow Test Well 3, at lat 71°09'40/ ' N., long 156°34'45" 

W., in northern Alaska.

Nodosaria setulosa Tappan, n. sp. 

Plate 24, figures 1-5

Test free, elongate, straight or arcuate, tapering; 4 

to 7 rounded chambers, increasing gradually in size as 

added, somewhat greater in breadth than height in the

early portion, later chambers of greater proportional 

height; sutures distinct, constricted, horizontal; wall 

calcareous, surface finely hispid; aperture terminal, 

rounded.

Length of holotype of fig. 1, 0.81 mm, greatest breadth 

0.31 mm; length of paratype of fig. 3, 1.17 mm, breadth 

0.29 mm; length of paratype of fig. 4, 0.55 mm, breadth 

0.29 mm; length of paratype of fig. 5, 0.57 mm, breadth 

0.21 mm.

Remarks.—This species differs from Nodosaria aspera 

Terquem and Berthelin from the middle Lias of France, 

in the more flared test, low and broad early chambers 

and rapid increase in chamber height, and is about 2 to 

4 times as large as the French species. It resembles 

Glandulina hybrida Terquem and Berthelin in general 

form, but is slightly larger and has a hispid surface. 

Glandulina vulgata Bornemann is also similar in general 

appearance, but is not hispid.

Types and occurrence.—Unfigured paratype (USNM 

P577) from a core at 2,068-2,078 feet, unfigured paratype (USNM P578) from a core at 2,099-2,109 feet, 

paratypes of figs. 2-5 (USNM P579a-d) and unfigured 

paratypes (USNM P580) from a core at 2,109-2,119 

feet, unfigured paratypes (USNM P581) from a core at 

2,130-2,140 feet, holotype of fig. 1 (USNM P582) and 

unfigured paratypes (USNM P583) from a core at 

2,140-2,150 feet, unfigured paratypes (USNM P584) 

from a core at 2,150-2,170 feet, and unfigured paratypes 

(USNM P585) from a core at 2,170-2,179 feet, all of 

Late Pliensbachian age; from the Kingak shale of 

Early Jurassic age, in South Barrow Test Well 3, at 

lat 71 °09'40" N., long 156°34'45" W., in northern 

Alaska.

Nodosaria vermicularis (Terquem)

Plate 25, figures 6-7

Dentalina vermicularis Terquem, 1866, Sixi&me M4m. Foram.

Lias, p. 483, pi. 19, fig. 21. 

not Nodosaria oculina (Terquem and Berthelin) f. vermicularis

(Terquem) Franke, 1936, Abh. Preuss. Geol. Landesanst.,

Neue Folge, no. 169, p. 49, pi. 4, figs. 22a-b.

Test free, large, elongate, robust, sides nearly parallel, 

somewhat tapered at the base, and sloping sharply to 

the aperture at the opposite extremity; chambers indistinct, about 5 to 7 in number; sutures indistinct, not 

depressed, horizontal; wall calcareous, surface ornamented with 7 to 9 high and flangelike continuous ribs, 

which cross sutures and chambers alike, extending to 

the border of the aperture and commonly somewhat 

ragged along the edges because of their fragile nature; 

aperture terminal, central.

Length of hypotype of fig. 6, 2.44 mm, breadth 0.55 

mm.

Remarks.—Terquem's type of this species was 1.36 

mm in length and had continuous flangelike ribs with
74 FORAMINIFERA FROM THE ARCTIC SLOPE OF ALASKA

irregular margins (probably duo to breakage, as in the 

present specimens), and the chambers were not inflated 

nor the sutures depressed. Franke referred to this 

species a form only about one-half to one-third as large, 

with lower ribs, judging from the illustration, and 

depressed sutures. It is undoubtedly a distinct species. 

Types and occurrence.—Hypotype of fig. 6 (USNM 

P529) from a core at 2,099-2,109 feet, and hypotypeof 

fig. 7 (USNM P530) from a core at 2,109-2,119 feet, 

both of Late Pliensbachian age, from the Kingak shale 

of Early Jurassic age in South Barrow Test Well 3, at 

lat 71 009'40" N., long 156°34'45" W., in northern 

Alaska.

Genus RECTOGLANDULINA Loeblich and Tappan, 1955

Loeblich and Tappan (1955) have recently shown 

that the genus Pseudoglandulina Cushman, 1929, is a 

synonym of Nodosaria Lamarck, 1812. The species 

Nautilus comatus Batsch, 1791, selected by Cushman 

as type species for his genus, was shown by Parker, 

Jones, and Brady to be a Nodosaria, and possibly even 

conspecific with Nodosaria raphanus. Thus Pseudoglandulina must be suppressed as a junior synonym of 

Nodosaria. Loeblich and Tappan defined Rectoglandulina (type species, Rectoglandulina appressa Loeblich 

and Tappan) to include the uniserial Glandulina- like 

forms, with strongly overlapping chambers, some of 

which have been known previously as Pseudoglandulina.

Rectoglandulina brand! Tappan, n. sp. 

Plate 26, figure 12

Test of medium size, robust, enlarging gradually 

from the broad rounded base; chambers averaging 

about four, overlapping so that only a narrow portion 

remains visible of the early chambers, final chamber 

extending over two-fifths the length of the test; sutures 

distinct, flush, nearly horizontal; wall calcareous, surface smooth; aperture terminal, radiate.

Length of holotype 0.55 mm, greatest breadth 0.31 

mm. Length of unfigured paratypes 0.34 mm and 0.39 

mm.

Remarks.—This species is closest to Glandulina 

pigmaea Schwager, 1865, in general proportions, but is 

much larger (Schwager's specimen is 0.1 mm in length) 

and has a radiate, rather than elliptical aperture. This 

species is named in honor of Dr. Erich Brand, in 

recognition of his work on the German Jurassic Foraminifera.

Types and occurrence.—Holotype (USNM P792) and 

unfigured paratypes (USNM P793) from Upper 

Jurassic rocks in a core at 7,042-7,052 feet, in Topagoruk Test Well 1, west of Topagoruk River, at lat 

70°37'30" N., long 155°53'36" W., in the Arctic 

Coastal Plain, in northern Alaska.

Rectoglandulina multicostata (Bornemann) 

Plate 26, figures 14-16

Orthocerina multicostata Bornemann, 1854, Uber Liasformation

Umgeg'end Gottingen, p. 35, pi. 3, figs. 14-15. 

Glandulina multicostata (Bornemann) Franke, 1936, Abh.

Preuss. Geol. Landesanst., Neue Folge, no. 169, p. 59, pi.

5, fig. 20. 

Nodosaria (Glandulina) multicostata (Bornemann) Wicher, 1938,

Abh. Preuss. Geol. Landesanst., Neue Folge, no. 193, pi.

23, figs. 1, 2, 6. 

Pseudoglandulina multicostata (Bornemann) Bartenstein and

Brand, 1937, Abh. Senckenberg. Naturforsch. Gesell., no.

439, p. 151, pi. 3, fig. 42, pi. 4, fig. 28; Barnard, 1950, Quart.

Jour. Geol. Soc. London, v. 105, pt. 3, p. 364, fig. 4a.

Test free, short, stout, uniserial; chambers enlarging 

rapidly from the pointed base to about the mid portion, 

later chambers of decreasing diameter in the Alaskan 

specimens, about 5 to 6 chambers present; sutures horizontal, slightly, constricted; wall calcareous, surface 

ornamented by 11 to 12 continuous longitudinal costae 

which cross the sutures and extend from the base nearly 

to the aperture, occasionally increasing hi number by 

intercalation; aperture terminal, rounded.

Length of hypotype of fig. 14, 0.62 mm, breadth 0.26 

mm; length of hypotype of fig. 15, 0.73 mm, breadth 

0.34 mm; length of hypotype of fig. 16, 0.62 mm, 

breadth 0.31 mm.

Remarks.—Rectoglandulina multicostata differs from 

R. quinquecostata (Bornemann) in having more costae 

and somewhat higher chambers.

Types and occurrence.—Hypotypes of figs. 14-16 

(USNM P588a-c) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM 

P589) from a core (Upper Pliensbachian) at 2,109-2,119 

feet, in the Kingak shale of Early Jurassic age in South 

Barrow Test WeU 3, at lat 71°09'40// N., long 

156°34'45" W., in northern Alaska.

i ^ Rectoglandulina oviformis (Terquem) 

Plate 26, figure 13

Glandulina oviformis Terquem, 1864, M6m. Acad. Imp. Metz,

ann. 44 (ser. 2, ann. 11) pt. 2, p. 378, pi. 7, figs. 4a-b;

Franke, 1936, Abh. Preuss. Geol. Landesanst., Neue Folge,

no. 169, p. 55, pi. 5, fig. 11. 

Pseudoglandulina oviformis (Terquem) Bartenstein and Brand,

1937, Abh. Senckenberg. Naturforsch. Gesell., no. 439,

p. 149, pi. 4, fig. 40; Barnard, 1950a, Quart. Jour. Geol.

Soc. London, vol. 105, pt. 3, p. 365, fig. 6h; Barnard, 1950b,

Ibid., v. 106, pt. 1, p. 24, pi. 1, fig. 6.

Test free, short, stout; chambers low, about 5, increasing rapidly in breadth from the conical proloculus, 

final chamber occupying over one-third the length of 

the test; sutures distinct, horizontal, flush; wall calcareous, surface smooth; aperture terminal, rounded.

Length of hypotype of fig. 13, 0.44 mm, breadth 0.21 

mm. Other specimens range from 0.36 to 0.68 mm in 

length.
JURASSIC FOBAMINIPERA 75

Remarks.—This smooth species is pupiform in outline, with the final chamber of approximately equal 

height and breadth. Described originally from France, 

it has also been recorded from England and Germany.

Types and occurrence.—Figured hypotype (USNM 

P590) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM P591) from 

a core (Sinemurian) at 2,468-2,478 feet in the Kingak 

shale of Early Jurassic age in South Barrow Test Well 

3, at lat 71°09'40" N., long 156°34'45" W., in northern 

Alaska.

Rectoglandulina quinquecostata (Bornemann) 

Plate 26, figures 17, 18

Glandulina abbreviata Bornemann, 1854 (not Glandulina abbreviata Neugeboren, 1850), Uber Liasformation Umgegend

Gottingen, p. 33, pi. 2, figs. lOa-b; Franke, 1936, Abh.

Preuss. Geol. Landesanst., Neue Folge, no. 169, p. 59, pi. 5,

figs. 24a-b. 

Glandulina quinquecostata Bornemann, 1854, Uber Liasformation

Umgegend Gottingen, p. 32, pi. 2, fig. 6; Franke, 1936, Abh.

Preuss. Geol. Landesanst., Neue Folge, no. 169, p. 58, pi. 5,

figs. 25-26. 

Glandulina sexcostata Bornemann, 1854, Uber Liasformation

Umgegend Gottingen, p. 32, pi. 2, figs. 7a-b; Franke, 1936,

Abh. Preuss. Geol. Landesanst., Neue Folge, no. 169, p. 58,

pi. 6, figs. la-2b. 

Glandulina septangularis Bornemann, 1854, Uber Liasformation

Umgegend Gottingen, p. 33, pi. 2, figs. 8a-b; Franke, 1936,

Abh. Preuss. Geol. Landesanst., Neue Folge, no. 169, p. 58,

pi. 5, figs. 22, 23. 

Pseudoglandulina abbreviata (Bornemann) Bartenstein and

Brand, 1937, Abh. Senckenberg. Naturforsch. Gesell., no.

439, p. 151, pi. 4, fig. 44, pi. 5, fig. 31.

Test free, small, short and broad; composed of 3 to 5 

uniserial chambers, final chamber about twice as high 

as the preceding, proloculus apiculate; sutures obscure, 

not depressed, straight to slightly arched between the

•costae; wall calcareous, surface ornamented with 5 to 

9 sharp longitudinal costae, which may increase by 

intercalation after the second chamber, or may extend 

to the basal spine; aperture terminal, somewhat produced.

Length of hypotype of fig. 17, 0.42 mm, breadth 0.29 

mm; length of hypotype of fig. 18, 0.47 mm, breadth 

0.34 mm.

Remarks.—Glandulina abbreviata Bornemann, 1854, 

was preoccupied by Glandulina abbreviata Neugeboren, 

1850. The species was described as having 3 to 4

•chambers and 8 to 9 costae, was from 0.5 to 0.6 mm in 

length, and resembles the specimen here shown in 

fig. 18. Glandulina quinquecostata Bornemann had 5 

costae, 3 to 4 chambers and was 0.5 mm in length.

•G. sexcostata Bornemann had 6 costae, 3 to 4 chambers 

and was 0.5 mm in length. G. septangularis Bornemann had 7 costae, 3 to 4 chambers and was 0.5 mm in 

length, resembling the specimen here shown in fig. 17. 

Inasmuch as all of these "species" are of about the same

size, number of chambers and general outline, and as 

the number of costae is variable, increasing by intercalation in the development of a single specimen, as 

shown in fig. 17, the four species of Bornemann are here 

considered synonymous. G. quinquecostata is the first 

specific name used, and hence must be used for this 

species, although the number of costae may range between 5 and 9. The specimen here shown in fig. 17 has 

9 ribs, that of fig. 18 has 7 ribs. Franke also figured a 

specimen, referred to G. septangular is, which showed an 

intercalation of costae, like that mentioned above.

Types and occurrence.'—Hypotype of fig. 17 (USNM 

P592) and unfigured hypotype (USNM P593) from a 

core at 2,109-2,119 feet, hypotype of fig. 18 (USNM 

P594) from a core at 2,170-2,179 feet, all of Late 

Pliensbachian age from the Kingak shale of Early 

Jurassic age in South Barrow Test Well 3, at lat 

71°09'40" N., long 156°34/45// W., in northern Alaska.

Rectoglandulina turbinata (Terquem and Berthelin) 

Plate 26, figures 10-11

Glandulina turbinata Terquem and Berthelin, 1875, M4m. 

Soc. G4ol. France, ser. 2, v. 10, no. 3, p. 22, pi. 1, fig. 24; 

Franke, 1936, Abh. Preuss. Geol. Landesanst., Neue Folge, 

no. 169, p. 56, pi. 5, fig. 18.

Test free, small, rectilinear; early chambers low and 

cylindrical, increasing very gradually in size as added, 

final chamber occupying two-fifths to one-half the 

length of the test, and more inflated than earlier chambers, somewhat produced at the apertural end; sutures 

distinct, straight, horizontal and flush; wall calcareous, 

surface smooth; aperture terminal, rounded.

Length of hypotype of fig. 10, 0.31 mm, breadth 0.16 

mm; length of hypotype of fig. 11, 0.62 mm, breadth 

0.31 mm.

Remarks.—This species is characterized by the low 

early chambers and high and much inflated final chamber. The types were from the Lias of France and it 

has also been recorded from Germany.

Types and occurrence.—Hypotype of fig. 10 (USNM 

P595) from a core (Upper Pliensbachian) at 2,130-2,140 

feet, and hypotype of fig. 11 (USNM P596) from a core 

(Sinemurian) at 2,468-2,478 feet, both from the Kingak 

shale of Early Jurassic age in South Barrow Test Well 

3, at lat 71°09'40" N., long 156°34/45// W., in northern

Alaska.

Genus IINGUIINA d'Orbigny, 1826

Lingulina lanceolata (Hatisler) 

Plate 27, figures 5-6

Frondicularia lanceolata Hatisler, 1881, Untersuch. micr. Struct. 

Aarg. Jurakalke Beriick. Foram., p. 18, pi. 2, fig. 3.

Lingulina lanceolata (Hatisler) Franke, 1936, Abh. Preuss. Geol. 

Landesanst., Neue Folge, v. 169, p. 62, pi. 6, fig. 10; Bartenstein and Brand, 1937, Abh. Senckenberg. Naturforsch. 

Gesell., no. 439, p. 151, pi. 2B, fig. 17.
76 FORAMINIFBRA FROM THE ARCTIC SLOPE OF ALASKA

Test free, narrow, elongate, rectilinear, compressed, 

ovate in section, lateral margins lobulate, due to constrictions of the sutures; proloculus globular, later 

chambers equitant, narrow and high; sutures distinct, 

depressed, strongly arched centrally; wall calcareous, 

surface smooth and unornamented; aperture terminal, 

elongate.

Length of hypotype of fig. 5, 0.57 mm, breadth 0.16 

mm, thickness 0.10 mm; length of hypotype of fig. 6, 

0.62 mm, breadth 0.16 mm, thickness 0.10 mm. , Remarks.—This species differs from Lingulina micida 

Loeblich and Tappan, from the Redwater shale member 

of the Sundance formation (Oxfordian) of South Dakota, in being larger, somewhat more compressed, and 

in having relatively higher chambers and more arched 

sutures. It resembles Lingulina nodosaria (Teiquem) 

(not Frondicularia nodosaria Ehrenberg, 1854 and not 

Frondwularia nodosaria Kiibler and Zwingli, 1866) in 

the narrow test and high chambers, but lacks the 

numerous striae of Terquem's species.

Types and occurrence.—Hypotype of fig. 6 (USNM 

P692) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM P693) from a 

core at 2,109-2,119 feet, hypotype of fig. 5 (USNM 

P694) from a core at 2,140-2,150 feet, and unfigured 

hypotypes (USNM P695) from a core at 2,150-2,170 

feet, all of Late Pliensbachian age, in the Kingak shale 

of Early Jurassic age in South Barrow Test Well 3, at 

lat 71°09/40// N., long 156°34'45" W., in northern 

Alaska.

Lingulina polita Tappan, n. sp.

Plate 27, figures 1-2

Test free, narrow, elongate, rectilinear, tapering 

slightly, somewhat compressed, ovate in section; proloculus ovate, pointed at the base, followed by compaiatively narrow equitant chambers, which increase 

gradually in size as added; sutures distinct, highly 

arched, thickened; wall calcareous, surface smooth; 

aperture terminal, elongate.

Length of paratype of fig. 1, 0.86 mm, breadth 0.18 

mm, thickness 0.16 mm; length of holotype of fig. 2, 

0.68 nun, breadth 0.16 mm, thickness 0.10 mm. Length 

of unfigured paratype 0.31 mm.

Remarks.— This species is closest to Lingulina saccula 

(Terquem) from the Middle-Lias of France, but differs 

in being narrower and more tapering but less compressed, and in having a much more lanceolate proloculus and higher later chambers.

Types and occwrence.—Holotype (fig. 2) (USNM 

P696), paratype of fig. 1 (USNMP697) and unfigured 

paratype (USNM P698) all from a core (Upper Pliensbachian) at 2,130-2,140 feet, in the Kingak shale of 

Early Jurassic age, in South Barrow Test Well 3, at lat 

71°09/40 // N., long 156°34'45" W., hi northern Alaska.

Genus VAGINULINA d'Orbigny, 1826

Vaginulina anomala Blake

Plate 26, figure 1

Vaginulina anomala Blake, 1876, in Tate and Blake, The Yorkshire Lias, pt. 2, p. 464, pi. 17, figs. 23-23a.

Test free, robust, short and broad, fusiform hi outline,, 

thickest at the inner margin; chambers few, proloculus 

pointed at the base, forming a low cone, later chambers 

very low and broad, with final chamber higher and 

occupying about one-half of the test, narrowing toward 

the aperture; sutures flush, strongly oblique; wall 

calcareous, surface smooth; aperture radiate, at the 

dorsal angle.

Length of figured hypotype 0.47 mm, breadth 0.21 

mm,

Remarks.—This species was originally described front 

the middle-Lias of England, where it was also rare,, 

only 5 specimens having been found by Blake. The 

Alaskan specimen is typical hi having a large final 

chamber, low, oblique early chambers, and triangular 

section. It differs from the Upper Jurassic species. 

Marginulina brevis Paalzow in being larger, with a 

more pointed base and more triangular section, and 

the sutures are not depressed.

Types and occurrence.—Figured hypotype (USNM 

P647) from a core (Upper Pliensbachian) at 2,140-2,15fr 

feet, in the Kingak shale of Early Jurassic age in 

South Barrow Test Well 3, at lat 71°09/40// N., long; 

156°34/45// W., in northern Alaska.

Vaginulina curva Franke 

Plate 22, figures 9-19

Cristellaria coslata d'Orbigny, Crick and Sherborn, 1891 (not 

Cristellaria (Cristellaire) costata d'Orbigny, 1826), Jour. 

Northamptonshire Nat. Hist. Soc., v. 6, no. 46, p. 213, 

plate fig. 20.

Vaginulina curva Franke, 1936, Abh. Preuss. Geol. Landesanst., 

Neue Folge, no. 169, p. 85, pi. 8, fig. 39; Bartenstein and , 

Brand, 1937, Abh. Senckenberg. Naturforsch. Gesell., no. 439,. 

p. 165, pi. IB, fig. 18.

Test free, of medium size, robust, early portion 

coiled, later uncoiling, periphery broadly rounded; 

chambers at first low and broad, later ones higher,, 

early chambers in an incomplete coil in the microspheric 

form (figs. 14, 17), the coil less evident in the megalospheric forms (figs. 9, 11); sutures distinct, depressed; 

wall calcareous, surface ornamented with longitudinal 

costae, increasing both by intercalation and bifurcation 

from about 4 on each side in the early portion to from 

7 to 13 on the side in the later portion, costae continuous 

across sutures and chambers; aperture at the peripheral 

angle, radiate, on a slightly produced neck.

Length of hypotype of fig. 9, 0.55.mm, breadth 0.31 

mm, thickness 0.26 mm; length of hypotype of fig. 13,
JURASSIC FORAMINIFERA 77

1.04 mm, breadth 0.39 mm; length of hypo type of fig. 14, 

0.60 mm, breadth 0.26 mm; length of hypotype of fig. 15, 

1.40 mm, breadth 0.44 mm and length of hypotype of 

fig. 16, 1.14 mm, and breadth 0.49 mm.

Remarks.—This species is closest to Cristellaria nexa 

Terquem and Berthelin, in the compressed test, marginuline coil and longitudinal costae, but differs in having a 

less pronounced peripheral keel, more numerous ribs 

and higher chambers. The French form is also two to 

4 times as large as the present species.

Vaginulina curva is like many of the Jurassic Nodosariidae in being somewhat gradational between genera. 

The specimen in fig. 9 is almost a Marginulina, that of 

fig. 15 is a typical Vaginulina and those of figs. 14, 17 

and 19 are tending toward Astacolus in character. 

However, as it was placed in Vaginulina by Franke, 

and as many of the Alaskan specimens are slightly 

compressed, it is kept in that genus, although its 

gradational character is recognized. Some of the 

specimens from Alaska attain a size greater than those 

from the German Lias, Franke's type being about the 

size of the specimen here shown in fig. 11.

Crick and Sherborn figured a specimen which is 

apparently the same species. They referred it to the 

Recent Cristellaria costata d'Orbigny, but the Jurassic 

form is less compressed, and is narrower than the 

Recent species, and does not possess the distinct keel 

of d'Orbigny's form.

Types and occurrence.—Hypotype of fig. 15 (USNM 

P648) from a core at 2,109-2,119 feet, unfigured 

hypotype (USNM P649) from a core at 2,130- 

2,140 feet, hypotype of fig. 19 (USNM P650) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM P651) from a core at 

2,140-2,150 feet, hypotypes of figs. 9-11, 13-14 and 16 

(USNM P652a-f) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM 

P653) from a core at 2,150-2,170 feet, hypotypes of 

figs. 12, 17-18 (USNM P654a-c) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM P655) from a core at 2,170-2,179 feet, 

unfigured hypotypes (USNM P656) from a core at 

2,179-2,199 feet, all of Late Pliensbachian age; and 

unfigured hypotypes (USNM P657) from a core (Lower 

Lias) at 2,300-2,320 feet, all from the Kingak shale of 

Early Jurassic age in South Barrow Test Well 3, at lat 

71°09'40" N., long 156°34'45" W., in northern Alaska.

Vaginulina sherborni (Franke) 

Plate 23, figures 16-22

Dentalina multicostata Terquem var. laevigata Crick and Sherborn, 1891 (not Vaginula (Vaginulina) laevigata Roemer, 

1838 and not Marginulina laevigata d'Orbigny, 1826), Jour. 

Northamptonshire Nat. Hist. Soc., v. 6, p. 4, fig. 16.

Marginulina sherborni Franke, 1936, Abh. Preuss. Geol. Landesanst., Neue Folge, no. 169, p. 74, pi. 7, figs. 18a-b; Bartenstein and Brand, 1937, Abh. Senckenberg. Naturforsch. 

Gesell., no. 439, p. 160, pi. 4, fig. 56, pi. 5, fig. 44.

Test free, elongate, fairly straight or slightly arcuate, 

tapering, rounded to ovate in section; chambers increasing gradually in size from the apiculate proloculus, 

at first low and broad, later chambers comparatively 

higher, in a few specimens very slightly inflated; 

sutures distinct, thickened, oblique in the early portion, 

later nearly horizontal; wall calcareous, surface smooth; 

aperture terminal, radiate.

Length of hypotype of fig. 18, 0.68 mm, breadth 0.26 

mm; length of hypotype of fig. 19, 0.75 mm, breadth 

0.23 mm; length of hypotype of fig. 20, 1.20 mm, 

breadth 0.39 mm; length of hypotype of fig. 21, 1.43 

mm, breadth 0.36 mm; and length of hypotype of fig. 

22, 1.95 mm, breadth 0.47 mm. Other specimens 

range from 0.55 to 2.0 mm in length.

Remarks.—The synonymy of this species is somewhat 

complicated. It was first described as Dentalina 

multicostata Terquem var. laevigata Crick and Sherborn, 1891. In 1936, Franke placed the species in the 

genus Marginulina and as it would then be preoccupied 

by Marginulina laevigata d'Orbigny, 1826, he proposed 

the new specific name Marginulina sherborni. It 

seems to the present writer that the species would be 

better placed in the genus Vaginulina as it has neither 

the round cross section and early coil of Marginulina^ 

nor the oblique sutures and rounded section characteristic of Dentalina. If placed in Vaginulina, Crick 

and Sherborn's specific name would be preoccupied by 

Vaginula (Vaginulina) laevigata Roemer, 1838, and the 

species is therefore referred to Vaginulina sherborni 

(Franke).

This species is characterized by the low chambers, 

flush sutures, pointed base and produced final chamber.

Types and occurrence.—Unfigured hypotype (USNM 

P658) from a core at 2,028-2,048 feet, unfigured hypotype (USNM P659) from a core at 2,048-2,068 feet, 

both of Early Toarcian age, hypotypes of figs. 16-17,. 

21-22 (USNM P660a-d) and unfigured hypotypes 

(USNM P661) from a core at 2,109-2,119 feet, hypotype of fig. 18 (USNM P662) and unfigured hypotype 

(USNM P663) from a core at 2,130-2,140 feet, hypotype of fig. 19 (USNM P664) and unfigured hypotypea 

(USNM P665) from a core at 2,140-2,150 feet, unfigured 

hypotypes (USNM P666) from a core at 2,150-2,170 

feet, all of Late Pliensbachian age; and unfigured hypotype (USNM P667) from a core (Sinemurian) at 2,468- 

2,478 feet, all from the Kingak shale of Early Jurassic 

age in South Barrow Test Well 3, at lat 71°09'40" N., 

long 156°34'45" W., in northern Alaska.

Hypotype of fig. 20 (USNM P668) from a core at 

5,866-5,874 feet in the Kingak shale of Early Jurassic 

age, hi Simpson Test Well 1, at lat 70°57'05" N., long 

155°21'45" W., west of Cape Simpson, in northern 

Alaska.
78 FORAMINIFEKA FROM THE ARCTIC SLOPE OF ALASKA

Vaginulina sp. 

Plate 26, figures 2-3

Test free, broad and flattened, subtriangular in side 

view; chambers low and broad, increasing gradually in 

size as added; sutures distinct, thickened, slightly 

raised, oblique, highest dorsally; wall calcareous, surface smooth; aperture at the dorsal angle, rounded.

Length of specimen in fig. 2, 0.75 mm, breadth 0.42 

mm, thickness 0.29 mm. Length of specimen in fig. 3, 

0.73 mm, breadth 0.65 mm, thickness 0.23 mm.

Remarks.—This species differs from Vaginulina sherborni (Franke) in being more rapidly flared, shorter 

and much broader, and in having somewhat more 

oblique sutures. Only two specimens have been found, 

and as these are both broken at the base and the final 

chamber of each is incomplete, the species is not specifically identified.

Types and occurrence.—Figured specimens (USNM 

P669a-b) from a core (Upper Pliensbachian) at 2,109- 

2,119 feet, in the Kingak shale of early Jurassic age in 

South Barrow Test Well 3, at lat 71°09/40// N., long 

156°34/45// W., in northern Alaska.

Genus VAGINULINOPSIS Silvestri, 1904

Vaginulinopsis matutina (d'Orbigny)

Plate 26, figures 4-5

Cristellaria matutina d'Orbigny, 1850, Prodrome Paleon. stratig.

universelle, v. 1, p. 242; Dreyer, 1888 (in Burbach), Zeitschr.

Naturwiss., v. 61, (ser. 4, v. 7), p. 509, pi. 11, figs. 35-38;

Macfadyen, 1936, Jour. Roy. Micr. Soc. London, ser. 3, v.

56, p. 151, pi. 1, fig. 264. 

Cristellaria spirolina Bornemann, 1854, tJber Liasformation

Umgegend Gottingen, p. 40, pi. 4, figs. 30a-c. 

Cristellaria (Astacolus) spirolina Bornemann, Franke, 1936, Abh.

Preuss. Geol. Landesanst., Neue Folge, no. 169, p. 102, pi.

10, fig. 10. 

Cristellaria (Astacolus) matutina d'Orbigny, Franke, 1936, Ibid.,

p. 106, pi. 10, figs. 11-12; Bartenstein and Brand, 1937,

Abh. Senckenberg. Naturf. Gesell., no. 439, p. 172, pi. 2B,

fig. 33, pi. 3, fig. 45, pi. 4, fig. 79, pi. 5, fig. 53, pi. 6, fig. 33. 

Lenticulina matutina (d'Orbigny) Barnard, 1950b, Quart. Jour.

Geol. Soc. London, v. 106, pt. 1, p. 7, pi. 2, fig. 2.

Test free, large, early portion coiled, later uncoiled 

and rectilinear, periphery broadly rounded, somewhat 

ovate in cross-section; 5 to 9 chambers, more commonly 

about 7, with the early coiled ones increasing rather 

rapidly in size as added, uniserial chambers of nearly 

uniform size; sutures distinct, flush to very slightly 

constricted in the later portion of the test, nearly 

straight but somewhat oblique; wall calcareous, surface 

smooth; aperture at the dorsal angle, radiate.

Length of hypotype of fig. 5, 1.17 mm, breadth 0.49 

mm, thickness 0.39 mm. Other hypotypes range from 

0.39 to 0.78 mm in length.

Remarks.—According to Bartenstein and Brand, 

Cristellaria spirolina Bornemann is synonymous with 

C. matutina d'Orbigny.

Types and occurrence.—Hypotype of fig. 4 (USNM 

P670) from a core at 2,099-2,109 feet, hypotype of fig. 5 

(USNM P671) from a core at 2,150-2,170 feet, both of 

Late Pliensbachian age; unfigured hypotypes (USNM 

P672) from a core at 2,468-2,478 feet and unfigured 

hypotypes (USNM P673) from a core at 2,478-2,496 

feet, both of Sinemurian age, all from the Kingak shale 

of Early Jurassic age in South Barrow Test Well 3, at 

lat 71°09/40// N., long 156°34/45 // W., in northern 

Alaska.

Genus PIANUIARIA Defiance, 1824 

Flanularia striata (Issler)

Plate 26, figure 21

Cristellaria crepidula (Fichtel and Moll) var. striata Issler, 1908, 

Palaeontogr., v. 55, no. 1, p. 82, pi. 5, fig. 265, pi. 6, figs. 

266-268.

Test free, small, early portion slightly coiled, later 

uncoiling, with the chambers reaching far back toward 

the base on the inner margin; chambers few in number 

in the Alaskan specimen, about 7, low and broad, 

increasing very slowly in height but more rapidly in 

breadth, so that test is subtriangular in side view; 

sutures distinct, slightly depressed, strongly oblique; 

wall calcareous, surface ornamented by very faint 

longitudinal ribs near the dorsal margin; aperture at 

the somewhat produced dorsal angle.

Length of hypotype of fig. 21, 0.52 mm, breadth 0.23 

mm, thickness 0.10 mm.

Remarks.—This species is represented by a single 

specimen in Alaskan material, but it is very close to 

the specimen figured by Issler in his fig. 265. Franke 

(1936) placed this species in the synonomy of Cristellaria 

eugenii Terquem, 1864, with C. pikettyi Terquem, 1866, 

but both of Terquem's species are larger, with more 

parallel sides, and the former has a much more enrolled 

base and more compressed test. Franke's specimen is 

similar to Terquem's species and is not the same as the 

present species.

Types and occurrence.—Hypotype of fig. 21 (USNM 

P674) from a core at 2,340-2,350 feet, in the Kingak 

shale of Early Jurassic age in South Barrow Test Well 

4, at lat 71°15'55.?4" N., long 156°37'44.89" W., 447 

feet N. 28° E. of South Barrow Test Well 2, hi northern 

Alaska.

Genus CITHARINA d'Orbigny, 1839

In describing this genus d'Orbigny designated no 

species, and according to the International Rules of 

Zoological Nomenclature, the first species published ID 

connection with the generic name becomes the type, 

when it has not been designated by the author of the 

genus.
JURASSIC FORAMINIFERA 79

Marie (1938, p. 93) designated Vaginulina striatula 

Roemer, 1842 as genotype, but this species was not in 

the first list of species belonging to Citharina, and 

hence is not available as a type.

Vaginulina (Citharina) strigttlata Reuss, 1846 was 

cited as the genotype by Loeblich and Tappan, (1949, 

p. 259), but this was also erroneous, as Vaginulina 

costulata Roemer, 1842 was also referred to Citharina 

in Reuss' publication (1846, p. 106), in a list of species, 

and as it appeared in the list before Citharina strigillata, 

it thus takes precedence. The genotype thus is 

Vaginulina eostulata Roemer, 1842 (see Ellis and 

Messina, Catalogue of Foraminifera, under Citharina).

Payard (1947, p. 118) defined Pseudocitharina (genotype: Marginulina colliezi Terquem), as differing from 

Citharina in having a spherical proloculus and a coiled 

or arcuate early portion, but resembling Citharina in the 

strongly compressed test, generally rectangular crosssection and oblique chambers. The writer examined 

and refigured Terquem's specimen, and the lectotype 

shows an arcuate early portion, but the "globular 

proloculus" is less evident, the lectotype having a 

distinctly ovate proloculus. The specimens referred to 

Pseudocitharina colliezi (Terquem) by Payard also 

show considerable variation in shape, some with no 

appreciable curvature (pi. 3, figs. 6, 7), and also have a 

somewhat ovate proloculus. Payard's specimen of 

Pseudocitharina cornucopia (Terquem) also has an 

elongate, ovate proloculus and a straight dorsal margin, 

although Terquem's type of this species had a globular 

proloculus.

Many Lower Cretaceous species also show a considerable degree of variation in the amount of curvature 

as well as in the shape of the proloculus. Thus the two 

major distinctions between Pseudocitharina and Citharina seem to be extremely variable, even within a 

single species, and the writer does not consider them 

sufficiently distinct to warrant separation. Therefore, 

although described as Pseudocitharina by the author of 

the species, the following species is here referre4 to 

Ci+harina, and the two genera are considered synonymous.

Citharina fallax (Payard) 

Plate 28, figures 1-10

Pseudocitharina fallax Payard, 1947, Foram. Lias SupeYieur, p. 

129, pi. 5, figs. 1-4.

Test free, large, robust, flattened, dorsal margin 

straight or slightly curved; chambers low and broad, 

increasing very slowly in height from the rounded 

proloculus, but increasing more rapidly in breadth, so 

that the test is sub triangular in side view; sutures 

oblique, nearly obscured by the numerous longitudinal 

ribs; wall calcareous, ornamented by the longitudinal

320475—55———5

ribs which increase by intercalation and bifurcation 

from 2 to 3 in the earliest portion to as many as 13 on 

the broader adult tests; aperture at the dorsal angle, 

radiate.

Length of hypotype of fig. 2, 1.69 mm, breadth 0.49 

mm; length of hypotype of fig. 6, 0.62 mm, breadth 

0.26 mm; length of hypotype of fig. 7, 2.68 mm, breadth 

0.81 mm; length of fragment in fig. 8, 1.92 mm, breadth 

0.78 mm, and length of hypotype of fig. 9, 1.01 mm, 

breadth 0.31 mm.

Remarks.—Because of their size and comparatively 

fragile nature, and the relatively consolidated sediments of the well sections, the larger specimens of this 

species are invariably broken. Some of these fragments can be matched, as was done with the specimens 

of figs. 2 and 7, and the color, including a distinctive 

iron stain, suggest strongly that figs. 7 and 10 are from 

the same specimen, although unfortunately a segment 

between these is missing. This specimen probably 

reached a total length of nearly 4 mm when complete. 

The species was originally described from the upper 

Lias of France.

Types and occurrence.—Hypotype of fig. 5 (USNM 

P675) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM P676) from a 

core at 2,028-2,048 feet, hypotype of fig. 1 (USNM 

P677) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM P678) from a 

core at 2,048-2,068 feet, all of Lower Toarcian age; 

hypotypes of figs. 7 and 10 (USNM P679a-b) from a 

core at 2,068-2,078 feet, unfigured hyptotypes (USNM 

P680) from a core at 2,099-2,109 feet, hypotypes of 

figs. 3-4, and 8 (USNM P681a-c) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM P682) from a core at 2,109-2,119 feet, 

hypotype of fig. 9 (USNM P683) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM P684) from a core at 2,130-2,140 feet, 

hypotype of fig. 2 (USNM P685) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM P686) from a core at 2,140-2,150 feet, 

unfigured hypotypes (USNM P687) from a core at 

2,150-2,170 feet, hypotype of fig. 6 (USNM P688) and 

unfigured hypotypes (USNM P689) from a core at 

2,170-2,179 feet, all of Late Pliensbachian age; and 

unfigured hypotypes (USNM P690) from a core 

(Lower Lias) at 2,300-2,320 feet, all from the Kingak 

shale of Early Jurassic age in South Barrow Test Well 

3, at lat 71°09'40" N., long 156°34'45" W., in northern 

Alaska.

Citharina frankei Tappan, new name

Plate 28, figure 11

Cristellaria triquetra Terquem, 1870 (not Cristellaria triquetra 

Giimbel, 1861 and not Cristellaria triquetra Giimbel, 1862), 

M6m. Acad. Imp. Metz, ann. 50 (ser. 2, ann. 17), p. 430, 

pi. 9, figs. 25a-26b; Terquem, 1886, Mem. Soc. Geol. France, 

ser. 3, v. 4, no. 2, p. 30, pi. 3, figs. 13-14.

Vaginulina triquetra (Terquem) Franke, 1936, Abh. Preuss. 

Geol. Landesanst., Neue Folge, no. 169, p. 84, pi. .8, fig. 

28 (29?).
80 FORAMINIFERA FROM THE ARCTIC SLOPE OF ALASKA

Test free, small, compressed, early portion somewhat 

curved, later portion uncoiled and subtriangular in 

side view; chambers few, increasing rapidly in breadth 

from the ovate proloculus, but of nearly equal height 

throughout; sutures strongly oblique, slightly arched 

and somewhat depressed; wall calcareous, surface 

smooth; aperture produced on a short neck.

Length of figured hypotype 0.26 mm, breadth 0.10 

mm, thickness 0.05 mm.

Remarks.—Only a single specimen has been found in 

Alaska, and this is slightly smaller and has fewer chambers than the type, but is probably a juvenile specimen. 

Terquem's name was preoccupied by Gumbel, who used 

it in 1861 for an Eocene species, and again in 1862 

for a middle Jurassic species, the latter being renamed 

in this paper as Saracenaria oxfordiana Tappan, new 

name. Franke placed Marginulina depressa Blake in 

the synonomy of this species, but Blakes' species is 

distinct, being a less compressed form.

Type and occurrence.—Figured hypotype (USNM 

P691) from a core (Upper Pliensbachian) at 2,028-2,048 

feet, in the Kingak shale of Early Jurassic age in South 

Barrow Test Well 3, at lat 71°09'40" N., long 156°34'- 

45" W., in northern Alaska.

Genus FRONDICULARIA Defiance, 1824

Frondicularia baueri Burbach

Plate 27, figure 7.

Frondicularia baueri Burbach, 1886, Zeitschr. Naturw. Halle, 

v. 59 (ser. 4, v. 5), p. 52, pi. 2, figs. 48-52; Schick, 1903, 

Jahresh. Ver. Vaterl. Naturk. Wurttemb., v. 59, p. 153, 

pi. 6, figs. 16-17; Issler, 1908, Palaeontogr., v. 55, no. 1, 

p. 60, pi. 3, fig. 137; Franke, 1936, Abh. Preuss. Geol. 

Landesanst., Neue Folge, no. 169, p. 70, pi. 7, fig. 10; 

Bartenstein and Brand, 1937, Abh. Senckenberg. Naturf. 

Gesell., no. 439, p. 158, pi. 3, fig. 36, pi. 4, fig. 49.

Test free, narrow, elongate, tapering slightly, sides 

parallel, margins carinate; chambers numerous, about 

10 to 13, highly arched; sutures acutely angled, not 

depressed, and largely obscured by the surface ribs; 

wall calcareous, surface ornamented with 4 to 6 longitudinal costae on each of the flat sides, no marked 

central sulcus; aperture at the end of a slight neck, 

radiate.

Length of figured hypotype 1.25 mm, breadth 

0.34 mm, thickness 0.18 nun. Other specimens range 

from 0.42 to 1.33 mm in length and from 0.16 to 0.39 mm 

in breadth.

Remarks.—Burbach's types were from the Amaltheus 

zone of the German Lias. The species differs from 

F. lustrata Tappan in lacking the central furrow. All 

costae are of approximately equal strength in F. baueri 

and the sides are flat. The specimens referred to this 

species by Wicher (1938, pi. 25, figs. 6, 7) were placed 

in F. dubia Bornemann by Barnard (1950a).

Types and occurrence.—Unfigured hypotype (USNM 

P699) from a core at 2,140-2,150 feet, hypotype of fig. 7 

(USNM P700) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM P701) 

from a core at 2,150-2,160 feet, unfigured hypotypes 

(USNM P702) from a core at 2,170-2,179 feet, all of 

Late Pliensbachian age; and unfigured hypotypes 

(USNM P703) from a core (Sinemurian) at 2,478-2,496 

feet, all from the Kingak shale of Early Jurassic age in 

South Barrow Test Well 3, at lat 71°09'40" N., long 

156°34'45" W., in northern Alaska.

Frondicularia lustrata Tappan 

Plate 27, figures 11-19

Frondicularia lustrata Tappan, 1951, Contr. Cushman Found. 

Foram. Research, v. 2, pt. 1, p. 2, pi. 1, figs. 3-4.

Test free, narrow, elongate, compressed, rectilinear, 

periphery carinate; chambers numerous, proloculus with 

an apical spine which is usually broken, but may be 

present on perfectly preserved specimens, equitant 

chambers increasing gradually in size from the proloculus in the megalospheric form, flaring more rapidly 

in the microspheric form; sutures distinct, sharply 

angled at the center of the test; wall calcareous, hyaline, 

surface smooth, ornamented by strong longitudinal 

costae, with two prominent and parallel ribs at either 

side of the deep central longitudinal furrow, and two to 

three less prominent ribs at either side of these, tending 

to parallel the margins of the test; aperture terminal, 

radiate, on a distinct neck.

Length of holotype 1.43 mm, breadth 0.34 mm, thickness 0.21 nun. Other complete specimens range in 

length from 0.39 to 1.43 mm, and in breadth from 

0.18 to 0.42 mm.

Remarks.—This species somewhat resembles Frondicularia terquemi var. bicostata d'Orbigny, which occurs 

in the Lias of England, France and Germany, but differs 

in having much more prominent ribs and an apical spine, 

and in having the central longitudinal depression.

F. lustrata is very similar to F. venusta Terquem and 

Berthelin, from the middle Lias of France, but is about 

three times as long, and as much as four times as wide. 

The sutures of the Alaskan species are also much 

more strongly arched.

Types and occurrence.—Unfigured hypotype (USNM 

P704) from a core at 1,979-1,999 feet, hypotype of fig. 

18 (USNM P705) and unfigured hypotype (USNM 

P706) from a core at 1,999-2,018 feet, unfigured hypotypes (USNM P707) from a core at 2,028-2,033 feet, 

hypotypes of figs. 12, 16 (USNM P708a-b) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM P709) from a core at 2,028- 

2,048 feet, unfigured hypotypes (USNM P710) from a 

core at 2,033-2,038 feet, unfigured hypotype (USNM 

P711) from a core at 2,048-2,068 feet, all of Lower 

Toarcian age; unfigured hypotypes (USNM P712) from
JURASSIC FORAMINIFERA 81

a core at 2,099-2,109 feet, hypotype of fig. 15 (USNM 

P713), unfigured paratypes (USNM 106484) and unfigured hypotypes (USNM P714) from a core at 2,109- 

2,119 feet, paratype of fig. 13 (USNM 106483), hypotype of fig. 19 (USNM P715) and unfigured hypotypes 

(USNM P716) from a core at 2,130-2,140 feet, hypotype of fig. 14 (USNM P717) and unfigured hypotypes 

(USNM P718) from a core at 2,140-2,150 feet, holotype of fig. 11 (USNM 106481), paratype of fig. 17 

(USNM 106482a) and unfigured paratypes (USNM 

106482b-k) from a core at 2,150-2,160 feet, unfigured 

paratypes (USNM 106485) from a core at 2,170-2,179 

feet, all of Late Pliensbachian age; and unfigured hypotype (USNM P719) from a core (Sinemurian) at 2,478- 

2,496 feet, all from the Kingak shale of Early Jurassic 

age in South Barrow Test Well 3, at lat 71°09/40// N., 

long 156°34'45" W., in northern Alaska.

Frondicularia squamosa Terquem and Berthelin 

Plate 27, figures 8-9

Frondicularia squamosa Terquem and Berthelin, 1875, Mem. 

Soe. Ge"ol. France, ser. 2, v. 10, no. 3, p. 37, pi. 3, figs. 3a-b.

Frondicularia hauffi Franke, 1936, Abh. Preuss. Geol. Landesanst., Neue Folge, no. 169, p. 66, pi. 6, fig. 22; Payard, 

1947, Foram. Lias Sup<5rieur, p. 116, pi. 6, fig. 30.

Test free, narrow, elongate, compressed, flaring 

slightly from the rounded base; as many as nine chambers, low and arched centrally, becoming wider and 

higher as added; sutures obscure unless specimen is 

dampened, strongly arched centrally; wall calcareous, 

hyaline, ornamented by numerous low ribs of equal 

size, which cross the sutures in the early portion, but 

may be broken at the sutures in the later portion, ribs 

sometimes curving slightly, fading out at the terminal 

portion of the final chamber; aperture terminal, simple, 

not produced on a neck.

Length of hypotype of fig. 8, 0.60 mm, breadth 0.13 

mm, thickness 0.08 mm; length of hypotype of fig. 9, 

0.52 mm, breadth 0.16 mm, thickness 0.08 mm. The 

type of Frondicularia squamosa was 0.62 mm in length 

and 0.14 mm in breadth, and the type of Frondicularia 

hauffi, was 0.75 mm in length and 0.15 mm in breadth. 

This somewhat larger specimen also had more chambers 

than the others for which measurements are given.

Remarks.—The hypotypes agree closely with the 

original types of both Terquem and Berthelin, from the 

Middle Lias of France (A. margaritatus zone) and of 

Franke from the Upper Lias of Germany. Frondicularia procera Burbach, from the Amaltheus beds of the 

German Lias, is also very similar, but has somewhat 

lower chambers, and is about twice the size of F. 

squamosa.

Types and occurrence—Unfigured hypotype (USNM 

P720) from a core at 2,109-2,119 feet, unfigured hypotype (USNM P721) from a core at 2,140-2,150 feet, 

hypotypes of figs. 8 and 9 (USNM P722a-b) and unfigured hypotype (USNM P723) from a core at 2,150- 

2,170 feet, and unfigured hypotype (USNM P724) from 

a core at 2,170-2,179 feet, all of Late Pliensbachian 

age, from the Kingak shale of Early Jurassic age in 

South Barrow Test Well 3, at lat 71°09 /40// N., long 

156°34/45// W., in northern Alaska.

Frondicularia terquemi d'Orbigny 

Plate 27, figures 3-4

Frondicularia terquiemi d'Orbigny, 1850, Prodr. pale"on. strat. 

univ. anim. moll, rayonne"s, v. 1, p. 241; Schick, 1903, Ver. 

Vaterl. Naturk. Wurttemberg Jahresh., v. 59, p. 125, 152, 

pi. 6, fig. 12; Issler, 1908, Palaeontogr., v. 55, no. 1, p. 57, 

pi. 3, figs. 115-118.

Frondicularia terquemi d'Orbigny, Terquem, 1858, Acad. Imp. 

Metz. Me'm., ann. 39, (ser. 2, ann. 6), p. 594, pi. 1, figs. 

12a-d; Terquem, 1866, Sixieme mem. Foram. Lias, Metz., 

p. 469, 482-483; Terquem and Berthelin, 1875, Me'm. Soc. 

Ge"ol. France, ser. 2, v. 10, no. 3, p. 38, pi. 3, figs. 7a-b; 

Burbach, 1886, Zeitschr. Naturw., Halle, v. 59 (ser. 4, v. 5), 

p. 45, pi. 1, figs. 1-6; Crick and Sherborn, 1891, Northamptonshire Nat. Hist. Soc. Jour., v. 6, p. 213, plate fig. 36; 

Franke, 1936, Abh. Preuss. Geol. Landesanst., Neue Folge, 

v. 169, p. 69, pi. 7, figs, lla-b; Macfadyen, 1936, Jour. Roy. 

Micros. Soc., London, ser. 3, v. 56, p. 149, pi. 1, fig. 255; 

Bartenstein and Brand, 1937, Abh. Senckenberg. Naturf. 

Gesell., no. 439, p. 155, pi. 4, fig. 54, pi. 5, fig. 38; Payard, 

1947, Foram. Lias Supe"rieur, p. 113, pi. 6, figs. 27, 29.

Test free, small, tapering, compressed, lateral margins 

carinate; chambers increasing gradually in size as added, 

very highly arched centrally; sutures fairly distinct, 

flush or slightly depressed, acutely angled; wall calcareous, hyaline, smooth or with two very obscure 

longitudinal ribs on each side; aperture terminal, on a 

distinct neck, rounded.

Length of hypotype of fig. 3, 0.52 mm, breadth 0.16 

mm, thickness 0.08 mm; length of hypotype of fig. 4, 

0.96 mm, breadth 0.31 mm, thickness 0.16 mm. Other 

specimens range from 0.42 to 0.57 mm in length.

Remarks.—The Alaskan specimens strongly resemble 

the French Liassic type specimen of Frondicularia 

terquemi d'Orbigny, in the smooth to faintly costate 

test, and although d'Orbigny's specimen was 1.86 mm 

in length, about 2 to 3 times as large as the Alaskan 

specimens, it also had one-third more chambers, so that 

the same number of chambers of the type specimen 

occupy a length about equal to that of the Alaskan 

specimens. Possibly because of the nature of the 

enclosing beds in Alaska, and the fragile nature of the 

species, any of the larger specimens may have been 

broken or destroyed in preparation of the samples.

Types and occurrence.—Unfigured hypotype (USNM 

P725) from a core at 2,109-2,119 feet, hypotype of 

fig. 4 (USNM P726) from a core at 2,140-2,150 feet,
82 FORAMINIFERA FROM THE ARCTIC SLOPE OF ALASKA

hypotype of fig. 3 (USNM P727) and unfigured hypotype (USNM P728) from a core at 2,150-2,170 feet, 

all of Late Pliensbachian age, from the Kingak shale 

of Early Jurassic age in South Barrow Test Well 3, at 

lat 71°09'40" N., long 156°34'45" W., in northern 

Alaska.

Unfigured hypotypes (USNM P729) from a core at 

2,356 feet in the Kingak shale of Early Jurassic age in 

South Barrow Test Well 2, at lat 71°15'51.34" N., long 

156°37'55.25" W., in northern Alaska.

Frondicularia sp. 

Plate 27, figure 10

Test free, short, only a juvenile specimen of three 

chambers having been obtained; proloculus comparatively large and globular, later chambers low and broad, 

chevron-shaped and with concave sides, increasing in 

breadth as added; sutures arched centrally, forming an 

obtuse angle at the midpoint of each side, not depressed; 

wall calcareous, smooth except for two longitudinal ribs 

on each side, beginning near the outer margin of the 

second chamber and roughly paralleling the margins 

of the test, with a broad low sulcus between the ribs on 

each side; aperture terminal, on a short and narrow 

neck.

Length of figured specimen 0.23 mm, breadth 0.16 

mm, thickness 0.10 mm.

Remarks.—Only a single juvenile specimen was found 

but it is here figured and described as it is the only 

representative of the genus ic the Upper Jurassic portion 

of the Kingak shale.

Type and occurrence.—Figured specimen (USNM 

P795) from Upper Jurassic rocks in a core at 7,042-7,052 

feet, in Topagoruk Test Well 1, west of Topagoruk 

River, at lat 70°37'30" N., long 155°53'36" W., in the 

Arctic Coastal Plain of northern Alaska.

Genus IA6ENA Walker and Jacob, 1798 

Lagena aphela Tappan, n. sp.

Plate 28, figures 13-14

Lagena globosa (Montagu) Bartenstein and Brand, 1937, (not 

"Serpula (Lagena) globosa" Walker and Boys, 1784, and 

not Vermiculum globosum Montagu, 1803), Abh. Senckenber. Naturf. Gesell., no. 439, p. 165, pi. 4, fig. 68, pi. 5, 

fig. 48, pi. 11 A, fig. 8, pi. 12A, fig. 8, pi. 12B, figs ICa-b, 

pi. 15A, fig. 26.

Test free, small, unilocular; spherical to ovate in 

shape, somewhat produced at the aperture; wall 

calcareous, smooth; aperture radiate, sometimes slightly 

eccentric.

Height of paratype in fig. 13, 0.23 mm, breadth 0.18 

mm; height of holotype of fig. 14, 0.34 mm, breadth 

0.23 mm. Other paratypes range from 0.23 to 0.44 

mm in height.

Remarks.—This species is similar in outline to 

Lagena parkinsoni Kiibler and Zwingli, from the midJurassic of Switzerland, but is from 2 to 3 times as 

large and has a distinctly radiate aperture. It is 

similar to the Upper Cretaceous Oolina simplex Reuss 

in form, but is more produced at the aperture and only 

about one-half as large. It differs from Montagu's 

Recent species in being much smaller, more globular, 

and in having a radiate aperture.

Types and occurrence.—Unfigured paratypes (USNM 

P730) from a core at 2,099-2,109 feet, holotype of 

fig. 14 (USNM P731) from a core at 2,130-2,140 feet, 

unfigured paratypes (USNM P732) from a core at 

2,140-2,150 feet, paratype of fig. 13 (USNM P733) 

and unfigured paratypes (USNM P734) from a core at 

2,150-2,160 feet, all of Late Pliensbachian age, from 

the Kingak shale of Early Jurassic age in South Barrow 

Test Well 3, at lat 71°09'40// N., long 156°34'45" W., 

in northern Alaska.

Lagena liasica (Kiibler and Zwingli) 

Plate 28, figure 12

Oolina liasica Ktibler and Zwingli, 1866, Mikroskop. Bild. aus 

der Urwelt Sehweiz, v. 2, p. 7, pi. 1, fig. 15.

Lagena mucronata Terquem and Berthelin, 1875, Me"m. Soc. 

Ge"ol. France, ser. 2, v. 10, no. 3, p. 14, pi. 1, figs. 8a, 8c 

(not 8b); Franke, 1936, Abh. Preuss. Geol. Landesanst., 

Neue Folge, no. 169, p. 90, pi. 9, fig. 7.

Test free, consisting of an ovate chamber with an 

apiculate base, and produced into a short and narrow 

neck at the opposite extremity; aperture rounded, at 

the end of the neck.

-Length of figured specimen 0.44 mm, greatest breadth 

0.26 mm; length of unfigured hypotype, 0.36 mm.

Remarks.—Kubler and Zwingli figured a specimen 

from the lower Lias of Switzerland similar to the 

Alaskan figured hypotype. Their specimen was 0.25 

mm in length. Terquem and Berthelin described 

Lagena mucronata from the middle-Lias of France. 

Their specimen of fig. 8b is a rugose form, and probably 

should be referred to a distinct species. Their other 

figured specimens were 0.28 mm and 0.18 mm in length, 

and similar in appearance to the Swiss form.

Lagena liasica differs from the species of the Lower 

Kingak age Lagena aphela Tappan, in being somewhat 

larger, in having an apiculate base, a more elongate 

chamber and a narrower neck, which carries a rounded 

rather than a radiate aperture.

Types and occurrence.—Figured hypotype (USNM 

P796) and unfigured hypotype (USNM P797) from 

Upper Jurassic rocks in a core at 7,042-7,052 feet, in 

Topagoruk Test Well 1, west of Topagoruk River, at 

lat 70°37'30" N., long 155°53'36" W., in the Arctic 

Coastal Plain, in northern Alaska.
JURASSIC FORAMINIFERA 83

Family POLYMOKPfflNIDAE

Genus EOGUTTULINA Cushman and Ozawa, 1930

Eoguttulina liassica (Strickland)

Plate 28, figures 17-19

Polymorphina liassica Strickland, 1846, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc.

London, v. 2, p. 31, textfig. p. 30, fig b. 

Polymorphina liasica Strickland Franke, Abh. Preuss. Geol.

Landesanst., Neue Folge, no. 169, p. 120, pi. 12, figs. 8-10. 

Polymorphina (Eoguttulina) liassica (Strickland) Macfadyen,

1941, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, ser. B, no. 576, v. 231,

p. 65, pi. 4, fig. 66. 

Eoguttulina liassica (Strickland) Cushman and Ozawa, 1930,

Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., v. 77, art. 6, p. 17, pi. 1, figs. 2a-c;

Bartenstein and Brand, 1937, Abh. Senckenberg Naturforsch.

Gesell., no. 439, p. 178, pi. 1A, figs. 24a-b, pi. 2A, fig. 23,

pi. 2B, fig. 35, pi. 3, fig. 49, pi. 4, figs. 74a-b, pi. 5, figs.

69a-b; Barnard, 1950a, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London,

v. 105, pt. 3, no. 419, p. 376, figs. 6b, f; Barnard, 1950b,

Ibid., v. 106, pt. 1, p. 421, p. 31.

Test free, elongate, fusiform; chambers biserial, increasing rapidly hi size as added, final chamber extending four-fifths the length of the test; sutures obscure, 

flush, strongly oblique; wall calcareous, surface smooth; 

aperture terminal, radiate.

Length of hypotype of fig. 17, 0.49 mm, breadth 

0.26 mm; length of hypotype of fig. 18, 0.52 mm, 

breadth 0.23 mm; length of hypotype of fig. 19, 0.65 

mm, breadth 0.26 mm. Other hypotypes range from 

0.23 to 0.62 mm in length.

Remarks.—The Alaskan specimens are similar hi 

appearance to Strickland's type from the English Lower 

Lias. Various other forms have also been referred to 

this species, some of which are much more slender and 

with inflated chambers and depressed sutures. The 

Alaskan specimens have been compared with one from 

the angulatum zone of the Lower Lias of the Dorset 

Coast of England, sent through the courtesy of Dr. 

Tom Barnard, University College, London, and seem 

to be the same in all respects.

Types and occurrence.—Unfigured hypotype (USNM 

P735) from a core at 2,018-2,028 feet, unfigured hypotype (USNM P736) from a core at 2,048-2,068 feet, 

both from the Lower Toarcian; unfigured hypotypes 

(USNM P737) from a core at 2,109-2,119 feet, hypotypes of figs. 17-18 (USNM P738a-b) and unfigured 

hypotypes (USNM P739) from a core at 2,140-2,150 

feet, hypotype of fig. 19 (USNM P740) and unfigured 

hypotypes (USNM P741) from a core at 2,150-2,160 

feet, all from the Upper Pliensbachian, from the Kingak 

shale of Early Jurassic age in South Barrow Test Well 

3, at lat 71°09'40" N., long 156°34'45" W., in northern 

Alaska.

Eoguttulina metensis (Terquem) 

Plate 28, figures 15-16

Polymorphina metensis Terquem, 1864, Quatrieme Mem. Foram.

Lias, Polymorphines, p. 301, pi. 13, figs. 38a-b; Terquem

and Berthelin, 1875, Mem. Soc. Geol. France, Mem. 3, ser. 2,

v. 10, p. 68, pi. 16, figs. la-j. 

Polymorphina oolithica Terquem, 1874 (part), Quatrieme Mem.

Foram. Oolithique, Polymorphina, Guttulina, etc., p. 299,

pi. 32, fig. 6 (not figs. 1-5, 7-10).

Polymorphina disjuncta Terquem, 1874, Ibid., p. 303, pi. 33, fig. 3. 

Polymorphina lactea (Walker and Jacob) Crick and Sherborn,

1892 (not Serpula lactea Walker and Jacob, 1798), Jour.

Northamptonshire Nat. Hist. Soc., no. 50, p. 71, pi. 2, fig. 25.

Test free, small, fusiform; chambers narrow, elongate, 

about 5 in the adult specimen, increasing very rapidly 

in size as added, final pair extending two-thirds or more 

of the length of the test; sutures distinct, strongly 

oblique; wall calcareous, but most Alaskan specimens 

are represented only by pyritic casts, ornamentation 

lacking; aperture terminal, but due to the poor preservation it cannot be determined whether it was originally 

rounded or radiate.

Length of hypotype of fig. 15, 0.26 mm, breadth 0.10 

mm; length of hypotype of fig. 16, 0.34 mm, breadth 

0.10 mm, thickness 0.08 mm.

Remarks.—This is an elongate, fusiform and flattened 

species, originally described from the middle Lias of 

France. Although placed in the synonomy of Eoguttulina liassica (Strickland) by Cushman and Ozawa, it 

differs in having more depressed sutures, and a more 

fusiform and flattened test. It is also somewhat 

smaller.

Types and occurrence.—Unfigured hypotypes (USNM 

P742) from the black Kingak shale (Lower Jurassic), 

from 1,650 feet above the base, and hypotypes of figs. 

15-16 (USNM P743a-b) and unfigured hypotypes 

(USNM P744) from the upper 60 feet of section 

exposed, 2,580-2,640 feet above the basal contact with 

the Upper Triassic Shublik formation, at lat 69°35' N., 

long 145°04' W., in the banks of a south-flowing tributary which enters the Sadlerochit River at about lat 

69°34'30" N., long 145°03' W., on the south slope of 

the Sadlerochit Mountains, in northeastern Alaska. 

Collected by Edward G. Sable, 1948.

Genus PALEOPOLYMORPHINA Cushman and Ozawa, 1930

Paleopolymorphina vagina (Terquem)

Plate 28, figures 20-21

Polymorphina irregularis Terquem, 1864 (not d'Orbigny, 1839),

Quatrieme Mem. Foram. Lias, Polymorphines, p. 297, pi. 12,

fig. 36. 

Polymorphina vagina Terquem, 1864,-Ibid., p. 298, pi. 12, figs.

44-47; Terquem, 1874, Quatrieme Me"m. Foram.

Oolithique, p. 302, pi. 33, fig. 1.
84 FORAMINIFERA FROM THE ARCTIC SLOPE OF ALASKA

Polymorphina pupiformis Terquem, 1864, Quatrieme Mem. 

Foram. Lias, Polymorphines, p. 300, pi. 13, figs. 22-37; 

Terquem, 1874, Quatrieme Mem. Foram. Oolithique, p. 303, 

pi. 33, fig. 4.

Test free, elongate, narrow, biserial in the early portion, later chambers becoming more widely spaced and 

tending to become uniserial, although still alternating; 

sutures distinct, strongly oblique in the early portion, 

less oblique later in the development; aperture terminal 

and central, radiate.

Length of hypotype of fig. 20, 1.51 mm, breadth 

0.42 mm; length of hypotype of fig. 21, 1.04 mm, 

breadth 0.34 mm. Length of unfigured hypotype 0.99 

mm, breadth 0.31 mm.

Remarks.—Terquem described three species, all very 

similar in size, shape and chamber arrangement, and all 

from the same locality and stratigraphic zone of the 

Lower Lias of France. Of these, P. irregularis is 

preoccupied by P. irregularis d'Orbigny, 1839, a Recent 

species. Polymorphina vagina has page priority over 

P. pupiformis, hence the present species is referred to 

Paleopolymorphina vagina (Terquem).

Types and occurrence.—Hypotype of fig. 20 (USNM 

P745) from a core at 2,130-2,140 feet, hypotype of 

fig. 21 (USNM P746) and unfigured hypotype (USNM 

P747) from a core at 2,140-2,150 feet, all from the 

Upper Pliensbachian, from the Kingak shale of Early 

Jurassic age, in South Barrow Test Well 3, at lat 

71°09/40" N., long 156°34'45" N., in northern Alaska.

Genus GLOBULINA d'Orbigny, 1839

Globulina topagorukensis Tappan, n. sp.

Plate 28, figure 22

Test free, small, ovate; chambers globuline in arrangement, but only three chambers present, the last two 

overlapping the first so that only a small portion is 

visible, final chamber occupying about seven-eighths of 

the test; sutures distinct, oblique, very slightly 

depressed; wall calcareous, surface smooth; aperture 

radiate, terminal.

Length of holotype 0.34 mm, breadth 0.23 mm. 

Paratypes range in length from 0.18 to 0.47 mm.

Remarks.—This species somewhat resembles Polymorphina bucculenta Berthelin from the Lower Cretaceous of France, but is about one-half as large and has 

a comparatively greater overlap of chambers and a more 

globular shape.

Types and occurrence.—Holotype (USNM P798) and 

unfigured para types (USNM P799) from Upper Jurassic 

rocks in a core at 7,042-7,052 feet, in Topagoruk Test 

Well 1, west of Topagoruk River, at lat 70°37'30" N.,

long 155°53'36" W., in the Arctic Coastal Plain, in 

northern Alaska.

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Geol. Landesanstalt Abh., Neue Folge, heft 193, p. 5-16,

pis. 1-27. 

Wickenden, R. T. D., 1933, Jurassic Foraminifera from wells in

Alberta and Saskatchewan: Royal Soc. Canada Proc. and

Trans., 3rd ser., sect. 4, vol. 27, p. 157-170, pis. 1-2.
INDEX

Italic numbers indicate descriptions

Page 

abbreviata, Glandulina................__._.. 75

Pseudoglandulina................._____ 75

Abstract—--.____________________ 21 

Acknowledgments.________________ 34 

acuminata, Cristettaria.......................... 56

acuta, Jaculella................................. 35

Marginulina prima......__________ 60

acutocarinata, Triplasia......................... 46

agglutinans, AmmobaculUes..........___.. 30,31,44

Haplophragmium........................... 44

Lituola................................... _. 43

Spirolina....................___..___ 44

Textularia...................... _____._-_ 47

alaskensis, AmmobaculUes..................__ 24,

26, 28,30,31, 32,34, 4$, 44, 45, pi. 12 

alata-angularis, Saracenaria..................... 65

Alveolophragmium Jeffreys!...................... 42

amaena, Cristettaria.................______ 56

AmmobaculUes agglutinans—................. 30,31,44

alaskensis.—. 24, 26,28,30,31,32, 34, 45, 44,45, pi. 12 

barrowensis.............................. 45,pi. 11

dentonensis................................. 46

fontinensis......................... 27,32, 48, pi. 11

goodlandensis......... ___________ 45

vetusta.—......................... 32, 46, 46,pi. 13

Ammodiscus asper........................... 38,39,40

cheradospirus———............... .*.___-. 38

incertus— .-...—.—.— ——............ 30,31,39

infimus..................................... 38

orbis........................................ 39

ammovitrea, Spiroplectammina.................. 47

anomala, Vaginulina-^.................... 32, 76, pi. 26

anomalocoelia, Bathysiphon.............. 25,28, S5, pi. 7

antiquata, Cristettaria........................... 57

apheilolocula, Nodosaria—.......... 27, 31,32, 68, pi. 24

aphela, Lagena........................ 30, 31, 8%, pi. 28

aphrastus, Astacolus—........................... 56

appressa, Rectoglandulina....................... 74

areoplecta, Textularia-................. .__ Itf, pi. 13

arietis, Astcaolus_____________.. 32,55, pi. 19 

Cristellaria.................................. 55

asper, Ammodiscus-—...................... 38,39,40

aspera, Involutina................ 27,32, S8, 39,40,pi. 8

Nodosaria................................... 73

Astacolus aphrastus............................. 56

arietis................................ 32,55, pi. 19

breoni.........-_______________ 55

cattiopsis................................ 55, pi. 17

cinctella..................................... 55

daintreei-............................... 55, pi. 18

dubius................................... 56 pi. 18

fraasi....................................... 57

pediacus........................... 26, 27, 56, pi. 17

sp-______________......._...... 25,57,pl. 17

(Astacolus) basidentata, Cristettaria.............. 57,63

denticulata-carinata, Cristellaria.............. 57

dubia, Cristellaria........................... 56

matutina, Cristellaria.....___________ 30,78

prima, Cristellaria....................... 30,31,52

guadricostata, Cristettaria.................... 30,62

radiata, Cristellaria.......................... 62

spirolina, Cristettaria........................ 78

stutzeri, Cristellaria......................... 57

thuringica, Cristettaria....................... 63

B

Haplophragmoides ............ .

basidentata, Cristellaria (Astacolus)

vitta. .........................

C

Page 

———.—. 71

— — — —„ 31,33

——.——. 33

— — .— 45, pi. 11

24, 26, 4%, pi. 11 

— — .. — — 29

— .—-31,65, pi. 21

— —— — — 57,63

— . 25, 28, 55, pi. 7

——— — — — 35

—— 30, 31, 80, pi. 27

— — „ 34, 57, pi. 22

—— — 32, 69, pi. 25

— . — — — - 80

....... 28, 74, pi. 26

——— — — — 55

—— ... —— - 58,60

... — . 32, 58, pi. 18

-.-28, 58, 76, pi. 18

84

.... ... — 55, pi. 17

— ... . 58,59, pi. 18

— ... —— 69, pi. 26

4,27,28,30,^9, pi. 14 

——— ._.—— 23-24

28. 32, 4%, 43, pi. 9 

— . 25, S8, 39, pi. 8

00

w

— ...... ..... 55

— .... ...... . 78

.... 32, 62, 79, pi. 28

....... 32, 79, pi. 28

79

70

-——..... 66, pi. 23

——— — — — 66

... —— — — 79

70

— ..... ... — 74

— —— —— 30,31,66

— ..... — — 66

TO

KQ

— — ----- 43,44

TO

... ——— —— 65

. — ———— — 65

40

--------- 76,77

—— — — — 76

70

crassitestum, Haplophragmoides latidorsatum.... 43

(Cristellaire) costata, Cristellaria..-

Cristellaria acuminata ... ..........

amaena..... . ............. .

arietis ..... ...... ...... ........

7Q

— —— — — 73

-------- 76

_.— — - —— - 56

— —— — — 56

--------- 57

--.-. — --- 55

Cristellaria — continued

D

ectadia —... ... ... .... ... ...

exilis. .—————————

vseudocommunis ——————

Page 

——_.——.- 57,63

— —— —— —— - 57

—————— 56

.—————-- 30,78

— — — —— 30,31,52

...——. — — . 30,62

_— —— —— — 62

— „.— — .— 78

-_——.--_- 57

.—— — — — 63

—— — — -—— 58,60

--——— — - 55

— - —— .-—— 65

——— — „— 76,77

_-————-— 78

— .— — — — 76

——— —— — — 55

-..- 78

--.---——— 52

— — -.-„-„. 54

... ... —— — — 64

_-_——.—— 53

— — —— - 30,31,53

—————— 53

_. . ... . — — 53

—— —— —— — - 65

— —— — — - 51

.----_ —— _- 78

--. — -_-—— 77

— — ———-- 78

. . ... -- — - 52

-——...——. 56

.....—— __ - 53,54

. _ ............ 64

.————-— 78

........ ....—- 53

—— — — — — 64,79

. — — —— — 53,54

. . ... ..... — 54

—— — 69

30, 32, 34, 76, 77, pi. 22 

—————— 62

.—...—— 55, pi. 18

.... .... ....... ' 55

.—..—. 28, 51, pi. 15

—„———- 36,37

— ....... 59

.— — „ 32,59, pi. 18

.-_--_. — - 27,S5,pl. 8

.. ...... 31, 65, pi. 21

.——...— ee,pi. 23

— .... ... ... 30,31,66

.——.———- 69

... — — - 59

„.— — 28, ee.pl. 21 — — — . so, ee, pi. 23 ——.——-— 68

—————.- 60,61

— ....... ..— 70,71

—— —— — — 77

— —— — — — 70,71

.—.—-.—— 69,72

. 30, 31, 32, 66, 67, pi. 21

87
88 INDEX

Dentalina—continued Page 

quadricosta___________________ 72 

quadrttatera................................. 72

quinguelatera........................... 72

radiata...................................... 72

sinemuriensis............................... 66

sublinearis.................................. 31,65

subsiliqua................................... 67

tenuistriata.................. 27,31,32,66, 67, pi. 23

subtenuicoUis......................... 59,67, pi. 21

terquemi.-..................... 30,31,32,68, pi. 23

terquiemi................................... 68

tortUit....................... 30,31,63,65, 68, pi. 21

vermicularis................................. 70,73

vetustissima..............................— 67

(Dentaline) communis, Nodosaria............... 66

dentaliniformis, Reophaz..................... 30,36,37

denticulata-carinata, Cristellaria (Astacolus)—— 57 

dentonensis, Ammobaculites....................... 46

depressa, Marginulina.......................... 80

detruncata, Nodosaria...................... 69, pi. 26

disjuncta, Polymorphina.......................-- 83

Dorothia sguamosa.................__.. 32,49, pi. 14

dubia, Cristellaria (Astacolus).................. 56

Frondicularia............................... 80

Robulina................................... 56

dubius, Astacolus..........................56, pi. 18

dyscrita, Gaudryina...................... 47, 49, pi. 13

ectadia, DenMina........................ 28, 66, pi. 21

elliptica, Jaculella................ 27, 30, 31, 55, pi. 7

Enantiodentalina pseudocommunis.... _____ 67

Rhabdammina.............................. 35

Eoguttulina liassica................ 30, 31, 32, 85, pi. 28

(Eoguttulina) liassica, Polymorphina..-......... 83

metensis........................... 24, 32,85, pi. 28

eugenii, Cristellaria............................. 78

excavata, Cristellaria............................. 52

exUis, Dentalina.......................... 30, 66, pi. 23

Marginulina................................ 72

Lenticulina—............. 26, 27, 32, 613, 54, pi. 16

P 

fallax, atharina........................ 32,62, 79, pi.28

Pseudocttharina............... ________ 79

(Flabellina) varians, Lenticulina................. 63

foeda, Gaudryina................................ 48

fontanessi, Nodosaria............................ 70,71

fontinense, Haplophragmium............___ 45

fontinensis, Ammobaculites............ 27, 32, 4B, pi. 11

fraasi, Astacolus................................ 57

frankei, Citharina........................ 32, 79, pi. 28

Nodosaria................................... 73

Frondicularia baueri.................. 30, 31, 80, pi. 27

dubia....................................... 80

hauffi....................................... 81

lariceolata............................'....... 75

lustrata.............................. 33, 80, pi. 27

nodosaria................................... 76

procera..................................... 81

sguamosa........................ 32, 33, 8.7, pi. 27

sulcata...................................... 33

terquemi................ 27, 30, 31, 32, 33, 81, pi. 27

terquemi bicostata........................... 80

terquiemi................................... 81

venusta..................................... 80

sp—————....___.................. 28,80, pi. 27

G 

Gaudryma dyscrita........................ 47, 49, pi. 13

foeda....................................... 48

ri.._-........................... 47, 49,pi. 13

—————_-.._ 28, 48, 49, pi. 14

milleri............................. 24, 25,48, pi. 8

topagorukensis.................... 25, 28, 48, pi. 14

germanica, Nodosaria........................... 72,73

gibbosa, Marginulina prima..................... 60,61

Glandulina abbreviata. 

hybrida............

multicostata__. 

oviformis..........

paucicosta........

pigmaea..........

guinguecostata....

septangularis......

turbinata....................................

vulgata......................................

(Glandulina') multicostata, Nodosaria............

globigeriniforme, Haplophragmium...............

globigeriniformis, Lituola nautiloidea.............

Trochammina—.......................... 30,

globosa, Lagena...........................— 30,

Serpula (Lagena)...........................

globosum, Vermiculum..........................

Globulina topagorukensis................. 28, 84,

Glomospira gordialis.............................

pattoni.-...................... 24, 25, 28, 40,

perplexa............................. 27, 41,

goodlandensis, Ammobaculites...................

gordialis, Glomospira______————————— 

granulata, Cristellaria...........................

Gryc, fossils collected by...__..——————— 

Gryc and Imlay cited.________—....——

Gryc and Mangus cited.._____..-.———— 

gryci, Trochammina............... 24, 30, BO, 51,

H

Hammatcceras howelli______.-.- ——————. 

Haplophragmium agglutinans...................

coprolithiforme..............................

globigeriniforme............. __.___...

nanum..................................

vetustum.................................

Haplophragmoides barrowensis......... 24, 26,

canui——.................. 24, 28, 32, 4?, 43

kingakensis-—...................... 27,

latidorsatumcrassitestum....................

tryssa.......................................

hauffi, Frondicularia............................

hausmanni, Dentalina........................—

Vaginulina.................................

hirsuta, Nodosaria............................ 31,

Nodosaria (Nodosaire)—....................

howelli, Hammatoceras..........................

hybrida, Glandulina.............................

Page 

75

73

74

74

69

74

75

75

75

75

73

74 

50 

50

49,50

31,82

82

82

pi. 28 

40

, pi. 8

, pi. 9

45

40

54

24

22

21

pi. 14

21

44

43,44

45 

50 

50 

45

pi. 11 

, pi. 9 

pi. 10 

43 

43 

81

68

Imlay cited______.__....__-------_ 22,27

incerta, Lituotuba—----------------------- 30,41,42

Nodosaria................ .__..____-.-_ 68,69

incertus, Ammodiscus-.....---.-------------- 30,31,39

incurva, Marginulina......--------------------- 61

in/imus, Ammodiscus.-------------------------- 38

infraoolithica, Nodosaria—----------------------- 70

Inoceramus lucifer......-_-------------------- 21

insignis, Dentalina........-.__--_._---.____- 60,61

interrupta, Marginulina............ 27, 31,32, 59, pi. 20

spinata. _-_.__-_------------__.. 31

Introduction.___________-________. 21 

inversa, Textularia.............................. 47

Involutina aspera....-............ 27, 32,58,39, 40, pi. 8

cheradospira. ___- ___-_____ 25,58,39, pi. 8 

(Cornuspira) silicea.--------- .....-.-_---.__ 40

orbis-.-..-..--.----------------------- 28,59, pi. 8

silicea............... 24,27,30,31,32,38, 59, 40, pi. 9

irregularis, Lituotuba.............-__ 30,32, 41, pi. 9

Polymorphina....... .._---_------------- 83,84

J 

Jaculella acuta....------------------------------ 35

ettiptica...——................... 27,30, 31,55, pi. 7

liassica.................................. 30,31,35

jeffreysi, Alveolophragmium....-. — — — -----.... 42

jurensis, Tolypammina...... ____-----_..... 41,42

juvensis, Nodosaria mitis....-......--_____- 70

K 

Keller, fossils collected by_______..___ 25

well section_________________ 26-27 

kelleri, Gaudryina————————-_ 47,49, pi. 13

kingakensis, Haplophragmoides............ 27, 45, pi. 10

Triplasia................................ 46, pi. 13

L 

laetea, Polymorphina-.......... ......_____. 83

Serpula.................................... 83

lacunata, Cristellaria-..............-__-___--- 64

Marginulina...-...........----...-..------- 64

laevigata, Dentalina multicostata.... -------...... 77

Marginulina...... ___-_-______.-- 77

Vaginula (Vaginulina).... — .........——— 77

Lagena aphela.......................... 30,31,80, pi. 28

globosa....-..-.......................... 30,31,82

liasiea............................. 28, 32, Si, pi.28

mucronata.........-.-______-.--.- 82

parkinsoni..........-.-..- _____--------- 82

(Lagena) globosa, Serpula..-----......------ —. 82

Lalicker cited.......-...-..-.....—..—.—- 28

lanceolata, Frondicularia..---- ____--------- 75

Lingulina.......—...-.-............_.- 75, pi.27

lathetica, Trochammina....---_..-_._- — -_--.. 50

latidorsatum crassitestum, Haplophragmoides..... 43

Lefflngwell cited.._-.—.-. — - —— — — -— 21 

leffingwelli, Gaudryina.....-—------ 28,48,49,pi. 14

Lenticulina excavata. .....____ 26, 27,32,50,54, pi. 16

(Flabellina) varians...----- ...-------------- 53

matutina..... ..._------_- — ---_-___---- 78

polygonata... _-___.__-_-__.-.__-------_- 53

prima....................... 30,31,32,52, 54, pi. 16

toarcense. ........-__ ____ 32, 51,55, 54, pi. 15

variant...................... 30,31,32,55,54, pi. 18

varians recta......--...-------.-.----.------ 53, 54

varians typka.*--..... _-.._.—.___-_ — —... 54

wimiowtkii.................. 24,25, 28, 51,54, pi. 16

(Lenticulina) xubalata, Cristellaria.......... .... 53

varians, Cristellaria...................... 30,31,53

varians recta, Cristellaria.................... 53

varianstypica, Cristellaria.------------------ 53

Kasica, Lagena.......----——.—.- 28,32,88,pi. 28

Oolina- ——................................. 82

Polymorphina.......... ... ——.- — — ------ 83

Reophax.——....................... 30,36,37, pi. 7

liattica, Eoguttulina..------------- 30,31,32,85,pi. 28

Jaculella..... _____________-__----- 30,31,35

Polymorphina.......--. ___-—-------------- 83

Polymorphina (Eoguttulina)..------ ...— _- 83

Lingulina lanceolata.---. .....____--_----._-_ 75, pi.27

micida... ____________ _ _.... —.-.....-.. 76

nodosaria... ___............-----...-.------- 76

polUa.-- —........ — ...----------- 76, pi. 27

saccula......... .......------.-..----------- 76

lithuanica, Cristellaria-...-------- — — — .—--— 65

Lituola agglutinans.. .......------ —... — ___-_ 43

nautiloidea globigeriniformis..... — --------- 50

Lituotuba incerta.. ——....................... 30,41,42

irregularis.—— ——...—————— 30,32, 41, pi. 9 

Loeblich and Tappan cited..—————.—. 28,40,74 

lucifer, Inoceramus....... ——-.—— — - — --- — - 21

lustrata, Frondicularia------------------ 33,80, pi. 27

M 

Macfayden quoted..._-_--.---. —...-......--. 40,70

magna, Cristellaria...... ...--------------------- 51

Marginulina bergquisti...--------- ——... 34,57, pi. 22

breviformis....——------------------ 32,58,pi. 18

brevis.—.......................— 28,58,76, pi. 18

calva................................. 58,59,pi. 18

colliezi—— ————— —— ——— ——— — — 79

constricta.... __......_-... — ____-----.- 59

crassiuscula...------------------- — __--.— 60,61

drawa—— — ——— ————— 32,59. pi. 18

depressa...........———- —————— ----- 80
INDEX 89

Marginulina—continued

excavata....-----__--.-__..-_-------- 72

incurva..................................... 61

interrupta...................... 27,31,32, 69, pi. 20

lacunata.................................... 64

laevigata.................................... 77

ornata...................................... 60

pinguicula............................ 28, 61, pi. 18

pletha................................... 60,pi. 18

prima.................... 27,30,31,32, 60, 61, pi. 20

prima acuta_____.________ - ___ 60 

prima gibbosa............................... 60,61

prima praelonga............................. 60

prima recta................................. 60,61

proximo..................................... 62,63

psila.................................... 61,pi. 19

quadricostata....................... 30,32, 62, pi. 20

radiota...................... 27,30,32, 6%, 63, pi. 20

reversa...................................... 63

rugosa...................................... 60,61

sherborni................................. 30,31,77

_.__—————————.-. 58,59

....—.—.————.-.-—._. 64

spinata interrupta........................... 31

thuringica............................... 63, pi. 21

utricula........................ 26,32, 63, 68,pi. 21

Marginulinopsis phragmites............... 28, 64, pi. 17

matutina, Cristellaria_____________..-. 78 

Cristellaria (Astacolus)...................... 30,78

Lentkulina. ________.-_______ 78

Vaginulinopsis. _________ 27,30,32, 78, pi. 26

metensis, Eoguttulina................... 24,32, 83, pi. 28

Polymorphina....--_____________ 83

Reophax............................... 27,36,pi. 7

micida, Lingullna............................... 76

milleri, Oaudryina...................... 24,25, 48, pi. 8

mitis, Dentalina................................. 70,71

juvensis, Nodosaria.......................... 70

Nodosaria——..———— 26,30,31,32, 70, 71,pi. 24

Morey cited________ 

mucronata, Lagena.—......

muUicostata, Glandulina....

laevigata, Dentalina.....

Nodosaria (Glandulina).

Orthocerina.... .........

...... —...... 28

.............. 82

............... 74

—..——.... 77

.——.....— 74

.——..—— 74 

Pseudoglandulina........................ 30,31,74

Rectoglandulina................ 30,31,32,74,pi. 26

N 

nana, Trochamimna......................:...... 30,50

nanum, Haplophragmium....................... 50

Nautilus comatus............. .................. 74

nautiloidea globigeriniformis, Lituola............. 50

nexa, Cristellaria................................ 77

(Nodosaire) hirsuta, Nodosaria................... 68

Nodosaria apheilolocula............. 27,31,32, 68, pi. 24

aspera...................................... 73

bambergensis................................ 71

berthelini............................. 32, 69, pi. 25

candela................................. 69, pi. 26

crispata.........-..._.___-..--._____ 73

(Dentaline) communis....................... 66

detruncata.............................. 69, pi. 26

fontanessi.--...-.---- ...----------_-__------ 70,71

frankei... .__------------------------------ 73

germanica................................... 72, 73

( Glandulina) muUicostata................... 74

hirsuta................................... 31,68,69

incerta...................................... 68,69

infraoolithica................................ 70

mitis..................... 26,30,31,32, 70, 71, pi. 24

mitts juvensis............................... 70

(Nodosaire) hirsuta.......................... 68

obscura..................................... 70

oculina..................................... 70,71

oculina vermicularis......................... 70,73

osynkiensis.................................. 70

pachixtika......______________ 71, pi. 25

phobytica................................ 71, pi. 24

prima.......................... 26, 31,32, 72, pi. 25

primitiva.................................... 70

Nodosaria—continued Page 

radiata............................... 32, 73, pi. 25

raphanus................................... 74

regularis.............. 27, 30, 31, 32, 72, 73, pi. 26

setulosa................................. 73, pi. 24

simplex......................---.-------.._- 73

subcalomorpha.............................. 73

variabilis.................................... 59

vermicularis....................... 32, 71, 73, pi. 25

nodosaria, Frondtcularia____.___-___-____ 76 

Lingulina................................... 76

O

obscura, Nodosaria.........

oculina, Dentalina..........

Nodosaria..............

vermicularis, Nodosaria. 

Oolina liasica...............

oolithica, Polymorphina.. 

orbis, Ammodiscus......

Involutina..........

ornata, Marginulina....

Orthocerina muUicostata. 

osykiensis, Nodosaria....

oviformis, Glandulina...

Rectoglandulina................... 31, 32, 74

oxfordiana, Saracenaria.....___ 28, 64, 65, 80,

70

. 70,71

. 70,71

. 70,73

82

82

83 

39

>, pi. 8 

60 

74 

70 

74

31,74 

pi. 26 

pi. 26

pachistika, Nodosaria..- ____________ 71, pi. 25 

Paleopolymorphina vagina................ 32, 85, pi. 28

parkinsoni, Lagena.............................. 82

parva, Vaginulina............................... 59

Patton, fossils collected by.. __________ 24-25 

Patton and Keller cited.._______.___ 22 

Patton and Tailleur cited.....----.------------ 22

pattoni, Glomospira........ — ...... 24, 25, 28, 40, pi. 8

paucicosta, Dentalina...-....................... 69,72

Glandulina................................. 69

pediacus, Astacolus.................. 26, 27, 66, pi. 17

Pentacrinus subangularis........................ 21

perplexa, Glomospira...................... 27 4^>pl-9

phaedra, Saracenaria.-.-----.-.--.- —.-. 28, 64, pi. 26

phobytica, Nodosaria- ------————————— 71, pi. 24

phragmites, Marginulinopsis.............. 28, 64, pi. 17

pigmaea, Glandulina.--...---_--_---__-___._ 74

pikettyi, Cristellaria...- ...-——-———.--.__ 78

Textularia.................................. 47

pinguicwla, Marginulina.................. 28, 61, pi. 18

Planularia striata.------------- — ------- 27, 78, pi. 26

pletha, Marginulina..-..................... 60, pi. 18

polita, Lingulina....-------...-----——-_. 76, pi. 27

polygonata, Lenticulina.......................... 53

Polymorphina bucculenta...-------._-. —— —— _ 84

disjuncta.................................... 83

lactea....................................... 83

(Eoguttulina) liassica....................... 83

irregularis..... ______-__________ 83,84

liasica.......-.------.- ...--- —— ---------- 83

liassica..................................... 83

metensis..---..-. ... -- —— ----- — ---- — --. 83

oolithica...-..-.-.---.-------.-.---.-.----.-- 83

pupiformis.......------........-.-...-..-... 84

vagina...................................... 83,84

praelonga, Marginulina prima................... 60

prima acuta, Marginulina............—......... 60

prima, Cristellaria.............................. 52

Cristellaria (Astacolus)................... 30,31, 52

gibbosa, Marginulina........................ 60,61

Marginulina............ 27,30, 31, 32, 60, 61, pi. 20

Lenticulina......---.------ 30, 31, 32, 6%, 54, pi. 16

Nodosaria.................... 26, 31, 32, 72, pi. 25

praelonga, Marginulina....... ... —— —— — 60

recta, Marginulina———---------- —— —— - 60,61

primttiva, Nodosaria.......-.--...---.---- ...--- 70

procera, Frondicularia.........—........---—— 81

protracta, Cristellaria............................ 56

proxima, Marginulina........................... 62,63

Pseudocitharina............................. 62

Page 

Pseudocitharina cclliezi.......................... 79

cornucopia.................................. 79

fallax....................................... 79

proxima.................................... 62

radiata...................................... 62

pseudocommunis, Dentalina..... 30,31,32,66,67, pi. 21

Enantiodentalina............................ 67

Pseudoglandulina abbreoiata..................... 75

muUicostata.............................. 30,31,74

oviformis.................................... 31,74

Pseudolioceras.................................. 22

psila, Marginulina.......................... 61,pi. 19

pupiformis, Polymorphina....................... 84

Q 

guadricosta, Dentalina........................... 72

quadricostata, Cristellaria (Astacolus)............ 30,62

Marginulina...................... 30,32, 62, pi. 20

quadrilatera, Dentalina...................,__.. 72

quinquelatera, Dentalina.................... 72

quinquecostata, Glandulina...................... 75

Rectoglandulina...................... 74,75,pi. 26

quinquelatera, Dentalina quadrilatera............ 72

R 

racemata, Textilaria............................. 47

radiata, Cristellaria (Astacolus).................. 62

Dentalina................................... 72

Marginulina................ 27,30,32, 62, 63,pi. 20

Nodosaria............................ 32, 7%, pi. 25

Pseudocitharina............................. 62

Vaginulina................................. 62,63

raphanus, Nodosaria............................ 74

recta, Cristellaria-............................... 53,54

Cristellaria (Lenticulina) varians............ 53

Lenticulina varians______________ 53,54 

Marginulina prima......................... 60,61

Rectoglandulina____..._._________ 74 

appressa.................................... 74

brandi................................ 28,74,pi. 26

oviformis.......................... 31,32,74, pi. 26

muUicostata.................... 30,31,32, 74, pi. 26

quinquecostata........................ 74, 75, pi. 26

turbinata............................. 32,75, pi. 26

References-.._____————————„_____ 84 

regularis, Nodosaria........... 27,30,31,32, 72, 73, pi. 26

Reophax deckeri................................. 36,37

densa.................................. 27,55,pi. 8

dentaliniformis.....................•_•__ 30,36,37

liasica.............................. 30,36,37,pl. 7

metensis............................... 27,50,pi. 7

scorpiurus..........................—.. 30,31,37

scorpiurus liasica............................ 36

suevica.................... 26,27,30,31,36,57,pi. 7

sundancensis................................ 35,36

reversa, Marginulina.——————————————— 63 

Rhabdammina elliptica.......................... 35

Robulina dubia................................. 56

Rucker, well section...———.———————.... 27,28

rugosa, Marginulina............. ————————. 60,61

S

Sable, fossils collected by———————————— 24 

sablei, Trochammina............. 24,26,27,49, SO, pi. 14

saccula, Lingulina.......................^...... 76

Sadlerochit River region_____________ 24 

Sandidge cited_.__————————————— 28 

Saracenaria alata-angularis...................... 65

cornucopiae................................. 65

ct/pha....................................... 62

oxfordiana....................... 28, 64, 65,80,pi.26

Phaedra...........—————.—. 28, 84, pi. 26

segmentata............................... 66, pi. 26

topagorukensis........................ 23,65, pi.26

scorpiurus, Reophax......................... 30,31,37

segmentata, Saracenaria...................... 65, pi. 26

septangularis, Glandulina. ———————————— 75 

Serpula lactea................................... 83

(Lagena) globosa.................._.......... 82

setulosa, Nodosaria........................... 75, pi. 24

sexcostata, Glandulina........................... 75
90 INDEX

sherborni, Marginulina....................... 30,31,77

Vaginulina............... 26,30,31,32, 77, 78, pi. 23

Siksikpuk-Nanushuk River region_______ 24-25 

silicea, Involutina........ 24,27,30,31,32,38,59, 40, pi. 9

Involutina (Cornuspira).................... 40

simplex, Marginulina........................... 58,59

Nodosaria—————————————— 73

Oolina...................................... 82

Vaginulina................................. 58, 59

Simpson Test Well I............—.....——. 26

sinemuriensis, Dentalina........................ 66

Smith and Mertie quoted_____________ 26 

South Barrow Test Well 2—________.... 26-27

3...———__——__—————_———————-. 27

4.. .——————————————————. 27

..-.__—— 64 

........— 64

..-.——. 31 

.-. — ...- 44 

........— 78

........... 78

......-— 47

sparsa, Cristettaria....................... .....

Marginulina..............................

spinata interrupta, Marginulina...............

Spirolina agglutinans.........................

spirolina, Cristettaria..........................

Cristettaria (Astacolus)....................

Spiroplectammina ammovitrea.................

sp_......_.--..-______.__... 25,4#,pl. 13

squamosa, Dorothia....................... 32,49,pi. 14

Frondicularia...................... 32,33, 81, pi. 27

striata, Planularia........................ 27,78,pi.26

striatula, Vaginulina............................ 79

strigillata, Citharina......--.-..........._..... 79

Vaginulina (Citharina)...................... 79

stutzeri, Cristettaria (Astacolus).................. 57

subalata, Cristettaria___----_-.___---.--_-----_- 53

Cristettaria (Lenticulina)..._____-_.... 53

subangularis, Pentacrinus....................... 21

subcalomorpha, Nodosaria....................... 73

sublinearis, Dentalina........................... 31,65

subsiliqua, Dentalina............................ 67

subtenuicollis, Dentalina.................. 59,07, pi. 21

suevica, Reophax.... ........... 26,27,30,31,36, 37, pi. 7

sulcata, Frondicularia.. — —..................... 33

s, Reophax.......................... 35,36

T 

tenuistriata, Dentalina........... 27,31,32, 66, 67, pi. 23

Dentalina...................... 30,31,32, 68, pi. 23

Frondicularia............. 27,30,31,32,33, 81,

terquemi bicostata, Frondicularia............-....

terquiemi, Dentalina............................

Frondicularia.-.......... ——.... —. —— --

Textilaria racemata....------------- —— ———...

Textularia agglutinans_.„...---..---.- ————— 

areoplecta............---__...-_..--. 47,

inversa..... _...._._.----..---. — — .-_-

pikettyi_________------------ —— -...

thuringica, Cristettaria (Astacolus)...------------

Marginulina..----...------___-_———— 63,

toarcense, Lenticulina.....---------- 32,51,53,54,

Tolypamminajurensis....------------.-.-....--

Topagoruk Test Well 1_----------------------

topagorukensis, Gaudryina..—..... —— 25,28,48,

Olobulina---....— ................. 28,84,

Saracenaria___-__.-__-------- 28,65,

Trochammina....____.__----- 28, 51,

tortilis, Dentalina................ 30,31,63,65,58,

Triplasia acutocarinata......-----_------------

triquetra, Cristettaria _ —.- —— ——— ---._--.- 

Vaginulina---- ___——-__-- — ---- — ---

Trochammina canningensis...... 24,27,28,30, 49,

globigeriniformis.—.-.-...---..---....--- 30,

OTd—------------------------- 24,30,50,51,

lathetica.....................................

nana ....__----------------------------------

sablei.—-— ————-- 24,26,27,49,50,

topagorukensis.-.---- — —— ---------- 28, 61,

tryphera, Verneuilinoides...---------- — --------

tryssa, Haplophragmoides....--------------------

turbinata, Glandulina.---------.-----.----------

Rectoglandulina......—.-.—----. 32,75,

typica, Cristettaria (Lenticulina) varians...--....

Page 

pi. 27 

80 

68 

81 

47 

47

pi. 13 

47 

47 

63

pi. 21 

pi. 15 

41,42 

27-28 

pi. 14 

pi. 28 

pi. 26 

pi. 14 

pi. 21 

46

pi. 13

64,79

79

pi. 14

49, 50

pi. 14

50

30,50

pi. 14

pi. 14

48,49

43

75

pi. 26 

53

u

utricula, Marginulina. — ——. 26, 32, 63, 68, pi. 21

V

i, Paleopolymorphina...---------- 32, 83, pi. 28

Polymorphina____---------_——------ 83,84

Vaginula (Vaginulina) laesigata.... ...- —— —— 77

Page

Vaginulina anomala. _____--.___.. 32, 76, pi. 26 

(Citharina) strigittata..-.-------.-.—..... 79

clivosa...-------.---....---.--..-.-.-------- 66

constricta_____----__-_——..-...-— -_.- 59

costulata....-—— — _ — —— -_... ——.-—— 79

curva-.-.-.-——— — . 30, 32, 34, 76, 77, pi. 22

hausmanni.... _._..._-------__------- 68

parva..... __._.__----------------------- 59

radiate—..——————————— 62, 63

sherborni... ——-.—-- 26, 30, 31, 32, 77, 78, pi. 23 

simplex_-.._-__-.._-__------------ 58, 59

stnatula.-.-.------..--------.-.------------ 79

triquetra. .....__ —..—._.-—.. ——— -_ 79

sp——————- ————— — — 78, pi. 26

(Vaginulina) laevigata, Vaginula...._—------ 77

Vaginulinopsis matutina____ 27, 30, 32, 78, pi. 26 

variabilis, Nodosaria__—--..——.- —— - —— _- 59 

varians, Cristettaria- ____-------_-- — ----. — --- 53,54

Cristellaria (Lenticulina)..---...------- 30,31

Lenticulina..——-...... 30, 31, 32, 53, 54, pi. 18

Lenticulina (Flabellina)... ---------- — ----- 53

recta, Cristellaria (Lenticulina)..--..-----—- 53

recta, Lenticulina-.----------.-----..------- 53, 54

typica, Cristettaria (Lenticulina).-..-. — .... 53

venusta, Frondicularia....._.- — _._---_--.-__.-- 80

vermicularis, Dentalina___----.-._.-_--_--— 70,73

Nodosaria.—— ......—...—..— 32, 71, 73, pi. 25

Nodosaria oculina.------------- ...- — —.. 70,73

Vermiculum globosum___----.-.._---- ——.... 82

Verneuilinoides tryphera--- ---------------------- 48,49

vetusta, Ammobaculites.________ 32, 45, 46, pi. 13 

vetustissima, Dentalina-—————- —. —— —— 67 

vetustum, Haplophragmium...--.--------------- 45

vitta, Bathysiphon---.-.--- ___--_.-_------- 35

volgensis, DarfiyeKa.--------------------- 28, 51, pi. 15

vulgata, Glandulina.------------------— -- — -- 73

W

WMttington and Sable cited...——————— 22, 24

Wickenden cited...-.-----.-----------.-------- 28

wisniowskii, Cristellaria- — ....—— — —. —— - 54

Lenticulina-..-....—— 24, 25, 28, 51, 54, pi. 16

o
PLATES 7-28

S20475—55
PLATE 7

FIGURES 1-3. Baihysiphon anomalocoelia Tappan, n. sp. 1, Side view of paratype (USNM P69). 2, Side view of holotype (USNM 

P68). 3, Side view of paratype (USNM P70). All from the Lower Jurassic in South Barrow Test Well 3. X 41. 

(p. 35). 

4-6. Jaculella elliptica (Deecke). Hypotypes (USNM P76a-c), all from Lower Jurassic rocks in South Barrow Test Well 2.

X41. (p. 35).

7-10. Reophax suevica Franke. 7-9, Hypotypes (USNM Pl26a-c), showing curved test, tapering form and pyriform chambers, all from Lower Jurassic rocks in South Barrow Test Well 2. 10, Hypotype (USNM P128), from the Lower 

Jurassic in South Barrow Test Well 3. All X 72. (p. 37).

11-14. Reophax metensis Franke. 11, Hypotype (USNM P106). 12, Hypotype (USNM P108). 13, Hypotype (USNM 

P104). All from Lower Jurassic rocks in South Barrow Test Well 3. 14, Hypotype (USNM P124) from the Lower 

Jurassic in South Barrow Test Well 2. All X 41. (p. 36).

15-19. Reophax liasica Franke. 15, 16, 19, Hypotypes (USNM P92a-c). 17, Hypotype (USNM P94). 18, Hypotype 

(USNM P90). All from Lower Jurassic rocks in South Barrow Test Well 3. X 95. (p. 36).
GEOLOGICAL STJHVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 236 PLATE 7

BATHYSIPHON, JACULELLA, REOPHAX
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 236 PLATE 8

REOPHAX, INVOLUTINA, GLOMOSP1RA, GAUDRYINA
PLATE 8

FIGURES 1-6. Reophax densa Tappan, n. sp. 1, Megalospheric paratype (USNM P84). 2, 4, 6, Microspheric paratypes (USNM 

P80a-c). 3, Microspheric holotype (USNM P78), showing greater amount of flaring than in the megalospheric 

forms. 5, Megalospheric paratype (USNM P82), showing shorter and broader test of this generation. All from 

Lower Jurassic rocks in South Barrow Test Well 3. X 41. (p. 35).

7-8. Gaudryina mitteri Tappan, n. sp. 7, Holotype (USNM P1082), showing robust form and coarsely arenaceous wall. 

8a, Side view of paratype (USNM P1083); 8b, top view, showing aperture. From Upper Jurassic rocks on Welcome 

Creek, in the Siksikpuk-Nanushuk area. X 72. (p. 48). 

9. Involutina cheradospira (Loeblich and Tappan). Hypotype (USNM P136), from Upper Jurassic rocks on Welcome

Creek, in the Siksikpuk-Nanushuk area. X 95. (p. 38).

10-13. Involutina aspera Terquem. 10, 13, Hypotypes (USNM P138a-b) from Lower Jurassic rocks in South Barrow Test 

Well 2. 11, Hypotype (USNM P140). 12a, Side view of hypotype (USNM P142); 12b, edge view. 11, 12, From 

the Lower Jurassic in South Barrow Test Well 3. All X 41. (p. 38). 

14. Involutina orbis (Lalicker). Hypotype (USNM P771), showing small size attained by this species, from Upper Jurassic

rocks in Topagoruk Test Well 1. X 95. (p. 39).

15-17. Glomospira pattoni Tappan, n. sp. 15, Paratype (USNM P765) from Upper Jurassic rocks in Topagoruk Test Well 1. 

16, Paratype (USNM P176). 17a, Side view of holotype (USNM P175), and 17b, edge view, showing irregularly 

coiled central portion. From Upper Jurassic rocks of Welcome Creek, in the Siksikpuk-Nanushuk area. All X 

72. (p. 40).

320475—55
PLATE 9

FIGURES 1-4. Involutina silicea Terquem. la, Side view of hypotype (USNM P158), Ib, edge view, showing irregular nature of 

the coiling. 2, Hypotype (USNM P161). 3, Hypotype (USNM P162). 4, Hypotype (USNM P164), showing 

the irregular constrictions of the tubular chamber, like those erroneously regarded as sutures by Terquem, in the 

original description of the species. All from Lower Jurassic rocks in South Barrow Test Well 3. All X 41. (p. 39). 

5-9. Lituotuba irregularis Tappan, n. sp. 5, Holotype (USNM P180), showing planispiral coil and later uncoiled portion, 

X 72. 6, 9, Two extremely irregularly formed paratypes (USNM P183a-b), X 41. 7, Paratype (USNM P181), 

X72. 8, Paratype (USNM P185), showing early coil, uncoiled portion and final tendency to coil again, X72. 

All from Lower Jurassic rocks in South Barrow Test Well 3. (p. 41). 

10. Glomospira perplexa Franke. Hypotype (USNM P179). lOa, side view, lOb, edge view, showing irregular coiling.

Lower Jurassic rocks of South Barrow Test Well 3. X 41. (p. 41).

11-15. Haplophragmoides canui Cushman. 11,15a, Side views of hypotypes (USNM P202a-b); 15b, edge view of a compressed 

specimen. Both from Upper Jurassic rocks on Welcome Creek, in the Siksikpuk-Nanushuk region. 12, 14, Hypotypes (USNM P204a-b), 12, 14a, side views, 14b, edge view of uncompressed specimen, both from Upper Jurassic 

rocks of the Canning River region. 13, Hypotype (USNM P205) from Upper Jurassic rocks of the Canning River 

region. 11-13, X 72. 14-15, X 95. (p. 42).
GEOLOGICAL ST'KVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 236 PLATE 9

INI OLl TINA, GLOMOSP1RA, L1TUOTUBA, HAPLOPHRAGMOIDES
GEOLOGICAL SUEVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 236 PLATE 10
PLATE 11

FIGUBKS 1-5. Haplophragmoides barrowensis Tappan. 1, Holotype (USNM 106477), la, side view, Ib, edge view. 2-3, Hypotypes

(USNM Pl99a-b). 4-5, Hypotypes (USNM P193a-b). Figs. 1, 4-5, all from Lower Jurassic rocks in South

Barrow Test Well 3, X 72. Figs. 2, 3, from Lower Jurassic rocks in the Sadlerochit River area, X 95. (p. 42).

6. Ammobaculites fontinensis (Terquem) Hypotype (USNM P253), from Lower Jurassic rocks of South Barrow Test

Well 3. X72. (p. 45).

7-12. Ammobaculites barrowensis Tappan, n. sp. 7, 8, 12, Paratypes (USNM P245a-c), showing large coil, short uniserial 

portion, constricted sutures and pyriform final chamber. 9, Paratype (USNM P249), an unusually coarsely grained 

specimen. lOa, Side view of holotype (USNM P244), lOb, edge view. 11, Paratype (USNM P247). All from 

Lower Jurassic rocks in South Barrow Test Well 3. X 41. (p. 45).
PLATE 10

FIGURES 1-6. Haplophragmoides kingakensis Tappan, n. sp. 1-2, Paratypes (USNM P213a-b); la, Ib, opposite sides, Ic, edge 

view of larger compressed specimen. 3, small paratype (USNM P210). 4, small paratype (USNM P211). 5, 

holotype (USNM P208), 5a, side view, 5b, edge view of this uncompressed form. 1-5, all from Lower Jurassic 

rocks in South Barrow Test Well 3. 6, Paratype (USNM P217), 6a, side view, 6b, edge view showing compression. From Lower Jurassic rocks in South Barrow Test Well 2. Figs. 1-2, X 95, 3-6, X 72. (p. 43).

320475—r>5-
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 236 PLATE 11

HAPLOPHRAGMOIDES, AMMOBACULITES
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 236 PLATE 12

AMMOBACULITES
PLATE 12

FIGTJBBS 1-10. Ammobaculites alaskensis Tappan, n. sp. la, Side view of holotype (USNM P219),aform with large coil and small 

uniserial portion, Ib, edge view. 2, 10, Paratypes (USNM P 768a-b). 3, 6, 8, 9, Paratypes (USNM P223a-d), 

showing variation from the small coil and narrow elongate test of fig. 3, to the wider form with fewer chambers 

as in fig. 9, and occasional evolutely coiled form of considerable width as in fig. 8. 4, Extremely wide paratype 

(USNM P221). 5, Small paratype (USNM P241). 7a, Side view of narrow, elongate paratype (USNM P225), 

showing unusually large number of uniserial chambers, 7b, edge view. Figures 1, 3-4, 6-9, all from Lower Jurassic 

rocks in South Barrow Test Well 3. Figures 2, 10, from Upper Jurassic rocks in Topagoruk Test Well 1. Fig. 5 

from Upper Jurassic rocks of the Canning River area. All figures X 72. (p. 43).

320475—5i
PLATE 13

FIGURES 1-3. Ammobaculites vetusta (Terquem and Berthelin) la, Side view of hypotype (USNM P255), Ib, edge view. 2, 3, Side 

views of hypotypes (USNM P257a-b), showing small size, tiny coil and somewhat irregular later chambers. Lower 

Jurassic rocks of South Barrow Test Well 3. All X 72. (p. 45).

4-11. Triplasia kingakensis Loeblich and Tappan. 4, 5, Megalospheric paratypes, showing large coil and triangular later 

chambers. 6, Paratype lacking the third angle and remaining in a Flabellammina-stage. 7, Megalospheric paratype. 8, Elongate paratype with narrow test and parallel margins. 9a, Holotype, a microspheric form which 

flares more rapidly than the megalospheric generation; 9b, top view of holotype. 10, Paratype remaining in a 

Flobellammina-sk&ge, although the final chamber shows a slight inflation which might have resulted in a third 

angle in succeeding chambers, lla, Side view of paratype which has developed a fourth angle, although somewhat 

weaker than the three major angles; lib, top view of the quadrate form. 9, Holotype (USNM P266), and paratypes of figs. 4-8, 10-11 (USNM P267a-g), all from Lower Jurassic rocks in South Barrow Test Well 3. All X 41. 

(p. 46)

12. Spiroplectammina sp. 12a, Side view of specimen (USNM P269), showing large coil, and narrower biserial portion, 

12b, edge view. Upper Jurassic rocks of Welcome Creek, in the Siksikpuk-Nanushuk area. X 95. (p. 46).

13-16. Textularia areoplecta Tappan, n. sp. 13, Small paratype (USNM P272). 14a, Side view of holotype (USNM P270), 

14b, edge view. 15, Paratype (USNM P274). 16, Paratype (USNM P276). All from Lower Jurassic rocks in 

South Barrow Test Well 3. X 158. (p. 47).

17-18. Gaudryina dyscrita Tappan, n. sp. 17, Paratype (USNM P281) showing somewhat elongate triserial stage. 18a, 

Holotype (USNM P280), showing tapered base, 18b, edge view, showing amount of compression usual to this 

species, with triserial stage occupying about one-half the length of the test. Lower Jurassic rocks of South Barrow 

Test Well 3. X 158. (p. 47).

19. Oaudryina kelleri Tappan, n. sp. Holotype (USNM P761), showing rounded and inflated chambers, comparatively 

broad base and short triserial stage. Lower Jurassic rocks in South Barrow Test Well 3. X 158. (p. 47).
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 236 PLATE 13

AMMOBACULITES, TRIPLASIA, SPIROPLECTAMMINA, TEXTULARIA, GALDRYINA
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 236 PLATE 14

GAUDRY1NA, DOROTHIA, TROCHAMMINA
PLATE 14

FIGURES 1-3. Dorothia(1) squamosa (Terquem and Berthelin). Hypotypes (USNM P284a-c), showing rounded base, and almost 

cylindrical later portion. Lower Jurassic rocks of South Barrow Test Well 3. X 95. (p. 49).

4. Gaudryina topagorukensis Tappan, n. sp. Holotype (USNM P774) showing rounded chambers, and subparallel sides. 

Upper Jurassic rocks of Topagoruk Test Well 1. X 158. (p. 48).

5. Gaudryina leffingwelli Tappan, n. sp. Holotype (USNM P772), showing short and flaring test, short biserial portion

and relatively large size. Upper Jurassic rocks of Topagoruk Test Well 1. X 95. (p. 48).

6-9. Trochammina sablei Tappan, n. sp. 6a, b, Opposite sides of holotype (USNM P304), showing flat spire, 6c, edge view. 

7, 9, Ventral views of paratypes (USNM P305a-b). 8, Dorsal view of paratype (USNM P307). All from Lower 

Jurassic rocks in South Barrow Test Well 3. Figs. 6-8, X 95. Fig. 9, X 72. (p. 50).

10-11. Trochammina topagorukensis Tappan, n. sp. lOa, Dorsal view of holotype (USNM P777), showing numerous chambers and strongly curved sutures, lOb, ventral view, showing nearly radiate sutures, lOc, edge view, showing high 

spire, and plano-convex test. 11, Paratype (USNM P778), showing a crushed and compressed specimen, which 

still shows the numerous chambers and curved dorsal sutures. Upper Jurassic rocks of Topagoruk Test Well 1. 

X 95. (p. 51).

12-14. Trochammina gryci Tappan, n. sp. 12, 14, Ventral views of paratypes (USNM P302a-b), showing numerous chambers 

and central umbilicus. 13a, Dorsal view of holotype (USNM P301), showing radial and straight sutures; 13b, 

ventral view, showing numerous chambers in the final whorl, and radial sutures; 13c, edge view, showing bi-convex 

test, broadly rounded periphery and inflated chambers. Upper Jurassic rocks of the Canning River. X 95. 

(p. 50).

15-19. Trochammina canningensis Tappan, n. sp. 15, Dorsal view of small paratype (USNM P287), from Upper Jurassic 

rocks of the Canning River. 16, Larger paratype (USNM P289), showing more numerous chambers than is normal 

for this species, from the Lower Jurassic rocks of the Sadlerochit region. 17, Small paratype (USNM P293) and 

19, larger specimen (USNM P291) from the Lower Jurassic of South Barrow Test Well 3. 18a, Dorsal view of 

holotype (USNM P286); 18b, ventral view, showing small number of much inflated chambers; 18c, edge view, 

showing very broadly rounded periphery. Upper Jurassic rocks of the Canning River. All X 95. (p. 49).

320475—55———11
PLATE 15

FIGURE 1-9. Lenticullna, toarcense Payard. la, Hypotype (USNM P356a), showing somewhat trochoid coil; Ib, edge view. 2a, 

Hypotype (USNM P352a) showing trochoid character and final chamber which does not reach the coil, but tends to 

uncoil; 2b, edge view. 3a, Hypotype (USNM P356b), showing the most typical form, large umbonal boss, and 

elevated sutures; 3b, edge view, showing biconvex character, keeled periphery, and radiate aperture. 4, Hypotype 

(USNM P354a), showing planispiral test with smaller final chamber showing the tendency to uncoil. 5, Hypotype 

(USNM P354b), showing slightly irregular trochoid test. 6, Small hypotype (USNM P352b). 7, Small hypotype 

(USNM P359). 8, 9, Larger hypotypes (USNM P349a-b), showing strongly elevated sutures and peripheral keel. All 

from the lower Jurassic rocks in South Barrow Test Well 3. X 72. (p. 53).

10. Darbyella volgensis Tappan, new name. Hypotype (USNM P800). lOa, lOb, Opposite sides, showing the trochoid 

character, limbate sutures, which are strongly curved backwards at the periphery, and large umbilical boss on one 

side only; lOc, edge view. Upper Jurassic rocks of Topagoruk Test Well 1. X 95. (p. 51).
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 236 PLATE 15

LFNTICULINA, DARBYELLA
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 236 PLATE 16

LENTICULINA
PLATE 16

FIGURES 1-3. Lenticulina wisniowskil (Myatliuk) 1, 3a, Side views of slightly trochoid hypotypes (USNM P360a-b); 3b, edge view; 

Upper Jurassic of Welcome Creek, in the Siksikpuk-Nanushuk area, X 72. 2, Side view of hypotype (USNM 

P780), a symmetrical form from upper Jurassic rocks in Topagoruk Test Well 1, X 95. (p. 54).

4-7. Lenticulina excavata (Terquem). 4, Hypotype (USNM P331). 5, Small hypotype (USNM P323). 6, Slightly 

evolute hypotype (USNM P333). 7, Typical involute lenticular hypotype (USNM P325). All from Lower 

Jurassic rocks in South Barrow Test Well 3. Figs. 4-6, X 72, fig. 7, X 95. (p. 52).

8-11. Lenticulina prima (d'Orbigny) 8, Hypotype (USNM P342). 9a, side view of large hypotype (USNM P337), showing 

numerous chambers, central depression and peripheral keel; 9b, edge view. JO, Small hypotype (USNM PS45). 

11, Large hypotype (USNM P339), which shows a tendency for the final chamber to uncoil, as did d'Orbigny's type 

specimens. All from Lower Jurassic rocks in South Barrow Test Well 3, and all X 72. (p. 52)
PLATE 17

FIGURES 1-10. Astacolus pediacus Tappan, n. sp. la, Side view of paratype (USNM P389); Ib, edge view, from Lower Jurassic rocks 

of Simpson Test Well 1. 2, 3, Side views of paratypes (USNM P395a-b), showing variation in size of this 

species. 4a, Side view of holotype (USNM P394); 3b, edge view. 5, 6, Side views of paratypes (USNM P397a-b), 

showing variation in breadth and amount of coiling of the early portion. 7, Paratype (USNM P399), with smaller 

final chamber, which does not reach backwards as much as is normal for this species. 8-10, Additional paratypes 

(USNM P395c-e), showing other variations in shape. Figs. 2-10 from Lower Jurassic rocks of South Barrow Test 

Well 3. All figs. X 95. (p. 56). 

11. Astacolus sp. lla, Side view of specimen (USNM P403) from Upper Jurassic rocks of Welcome Creek, in the

Siksikpuk-Nanushuk region; lib, edge view. X 72. (p. 57).

12-17. Astacolus calliopsis Tappan, n. sp. 12a, Side view of microspheric paratype (USNM P379); 12b, edge view. 13, 

14, Side views of paratypes (USNM P375a-b). 15, Side view of paratype (USNM P373). 16, Side view of large 

paratype (USNM P377), showing the less pronounced coil of the megalospheric form. 17a, Side view of holotype 

(USNM P372); I7b, edge view. All from Lower Jurassic rocks of South Barrow Test Well 3. X 72. (p. 55). 

18. Marginulinopsis phragmites Loeblich arid Tappan. Hypotype (USNM P787) from Upper Jurassic rocks of Topagoruk Test Well 1. X 95. (p. 64).
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 236 PLATE 17

ASTACOLUS, MARGINULINOPSIS
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 236 PLATE 18

LENTICLLINA, ASTACOLLS, MARGINLLINA
PLATE 18

FIGURES 1. Lenticulina varians (Bornemann). Hypotype (USNM P346) from Lower Jurassic rocks of South Barrow Test Well 3

X 72. (p. 53).

2-3. Marginulina breviformis (Terquem and Berthelin). 2, Elongate hypotype (USNM P485a). 3, Short and broad hypotype (USNM P485b). Lower Jurassic rocks of South Barrow Test Well 3. X 72. (p. 58).

4. Marginulina pinguicula Tappan, n. sp. 4a, Side view of holotype (USNM P789). showing very few low and broad 

chambers, higher and inflated final chamber, and radiate aperture; 4b, face view. Upper Jurassic rocks of Topagoruk 

Test Well 1. X 95. (p. 61).

5-9. Astacolus dubius (Franke) 5, 6, Hypotypes (USNM P387a-b). 7-9, Hypotypes (USNM P384a-c), showing variation in 

size, and number of uncoiling chambers; 9b, edge view, showing degree of compression of this species. Lower Jurassic 

rocks of South Barrow Test Well 3. X 72. (p. 56).

10-11. Marginulina pletha Tappan, n. sp. 10, Paratype (USNM P441) showing very slight coil, and thick test, lla, Side view 

of holotype (USNM P440); lib, edge view. Lower Jurassic rocks of South Barrow Test Well 3. X 95. (p. 60).

12. Marginulina calva Tappan, n. sp. Holotype (USNM P515). showing narrow, elongate test. Lower Jurassic rocks of 

South Barrow Test Well 3. X 95. (p. 58).

13. Astacolus daintreei (Chapman) 13a, Side view of hypotype (USNM P381), showing striate and raised lower border of the 

chambers; 13b, edge view. Lower Jurassic rocks of South Barrow Test Well 3. X 72. (p. 55).

14. Marginulina brevis Paalzow. Hypotype (USNM P791), from Upper Jurassic rocks of Topagoruk Test Well 1, showing

low, broad chambers, and ventral inflation. X 158. (p. 58).

15-20. Marginulina demissa (Terquem and Berthelin) Hypotypes (USNM P427a-f), showing low and narrow ribs, and variation in size and amount of tapering. Lower Jurassic rocks of South Barrow Test Well 3. X 95. (p. 59).
PLATE 19

FIGURES 1-5. Astacolus arietis (Terquem). 1-3, Hypotypes (USNM P362a-c) showing typical forms with wide, flange-like keel, 

and numerous chambers; 3b, edge view, showing lenticular character. 4, Malformed hyptoype (USNM P368), 

showing peculiar development caused by an injury during growth. 5, Smaller hypotype (USNM P364). Lower 

Jurassic rocks of South Barrow Test Well 3. Figs. 1-3, 5, X 72; fig. 4, X 95. (p. 55).

6-16. Marginulina psila Tappan, n. sp. 6, Paratype (USNM P477a), showing short form with inflated chambers. 7, 12, 

Paratypes (USNM P475a-b), showing slight coil and nearly cylindrical later portion. 8, Small paratype (USNM 

P477b). 9, Paratype (USNM P468) showing a thicker form. 10, 16, Elongate paratypes (USNM P477c-d), 

With slightly constricted sutures in the later portion. 11, Megalospheric paratype (USNM P471a), showing curved 

test, with numerous chambers. 13, Paratype (USNM P473). 14, Paratype (USNM P47lb), showing thicker 

test than normal, and smaller final chamber with short distinct neck. 15a, Side view of holotype (USNM P470), 

showing most typical appearance; 15b, edge view. Lower Jurassic rocks of South Barrow Test Well 3. X 95. 

(p. 61).
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 236 PLATE 19

ASTACOLUS, MARGINULIXA
GEOLOGICAL srRVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 236 PLATE 20

MARGINLLINA
PLATE 20

FIGURES 1-13. Marginulina prima d'Orbigny. 1, 7, Hypotypes (USNM P457a-b), showing slight coil at the base, continuous 

ribs and eccentric aperture. Ib, edge view. 2, megalospheric hypotype (USNM P454). 3, 12, Megalospheric 

hypotypes (USNM P450a-b), with large bulbous proloculus. 4-6, 8, 13, Hypotypes (USNM P452a-e), showing 

gradation from almost nodosarian forms (figs. 4, 13) to definitely marginuline ones like fig. 5; 13b, top view. 10, 

Hypotype (USNM P445), a small, microspheric form. 11, Microspheric hypotype (USNM P447). All from 

Lower Jurassic rocks of South Barrow Test Well 3. 9, Very elongate megalospheric hypotype (USNM P465) 

from the Lower Jurassic rocks of South Barrow Test Well 2. Figs. 1, 3, 6, 7, 10, all X 95. Figs. 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 

11-13, all X 72. (p. 60).

14. Marginulina quadricostata Terquem. Side view of flattened hypotype (USNM P480), showing few ribs. Lower 

Jurassic rocks of South Barrow Test Well 3. X 95. (p. 62).

15-16. Marginulina radiata Terquem. Hypotypes (USNM P482a-b), showing somewhat oblique ribs. Lower Jurassic 

rocks of South Barrow Test Well 3. Fig. 15, X 95; fig. 16, X 72. (p. 62).

17-25. Marginulina interrupta Terquem. 17-19, 21, Small hypotypes (USNM P433a-d), showing inflated chambers, and 

basal spine. 20, Hypotype (USNM P431) which is nearly nodosarian. 22, Hypotype (USNM P436). 23-25, 

Hypotypes (USNM P433e-g), showing the interrupted costae typical of the species, and the almost symmetrical 

appearance of the tests; 25b, top view. All from the Lower Jurassic rocks of South Barrow Test Well 3. X 95. 

(p. 59).
PLATE 21

FIGURES 1-10. Marginulina utricula Terquem and Berthelin. 1-4, Hypotypes (USNM P508a-d), showing small specimens similar 

to the type from France (fig. 4), and with accessory basal spines (figs. 1 and 3). 5-7, 10, Larger hypotypes (USNM 

P506a-d), showing nearly cylindrical test and basal spine. 8, Hypotype (USNM P510) showing slight curvature. 

9, Hypotype (USNM P503), showing cylindrical test, with final chamber of smaller diameter. Lower Jurassic 

rocks of South Barrow Test Well 3. X 41. (p. 63).

11. Dentalina ectadia Loeblich and Tappan. Hypotype (USNM P794). Upper Jurassic of Topagoruk Test Well 1. 

X 95. (p. 66).

12-22. Marginulina thuringica (Franke). 12, Megalospheric hypotype (USNM P495a), showing large bulbous proloculus 

and nearly straight test. 13, Hypotype (USNM P491a), a microspheric specimen with slight coil at the base. 

14, 15, Hypotypes (USNM P495b-c), showing two small forms. 16, Hypotype (USNM P489). 17, Hypotype 

(USNM P497). 18, 19, Hypotypes (USNM P493), showing variation in size of basal chamber and in height of 

later chambers. 20, Hypotype (USNM P495d). 21, Microspheric hypotype (USNM P500). 22, Hypotype 

(USNM P491b). All from Lower Jurassic rocks of South Barrow Test Well 3. X 41. (p. 63).

23-25. Dentalina tortilis Franke. 23, 25, Hypotypes (USNM P643a-b) showing elongate proloculus and single large basal 

spine. 24, Hypotype (USNM P645). Lower Jurassic rocks of South Barrow Test Well 3. X 95. (p. 68).

26-27. Dentalina subtenuicollis Franke. 26, Hypotype (USNM P625), X 72. 27, Hypotype (USNM P623), X 95.

Lower Jurassic rocks of South Barrow Test Well 3. (p. 67).

28. Dentalina bartensteini Tappan, new name. Hypotype (USNM P618). Lower Jurassic rocks of South Barrow 

Test Well 3. X 95. (p. 65).

29-33. Dentalina pseudocommunis Franke. 29-30, Hypotypes (USNM P610a-b) showing tapered test, oblique sutures, 

and basal spine. 31, Hypotype (USNM P602), showing a more cylindrical specimen. 32, Hypotype (USNM 

P612), showing curved test. 33, Hypotype (USNM P608). Lower Jurassic rocks of South Barrow Test Well 

3. All X 95. (p. 66).
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 236 PLATE 21

MARGINULINA. DENTALINA
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIOIsAL PAPER 236 PLATE 22

MARGINULINA, VAGINULINA
PLATE 22

PiGUKES_l-8. Marginulina bergquisti Tappan, n. sp. 1, Microspheric paratype (USNM P407a), showing closely coiled base, and 

denticulate lower margin. 2, Megalospheric paratype (USNM P405a), showing large proloculus, slight uncoiled 

portion, and well-developed denticulate lower margin. 3, Small paratype (USNM P407b). 4, Unusually long 

paratype (USNM P409), which lacks the basal denticulations. 5, 6, Two additional paratypes (USNM P405b-c) 

with smooth lower margin. 7, Small paratype (USNM P405d) showing well developed basal nodes. 8a, Side 

view of holotype (USNM P404), with slight coil, well developed nodes, and a few uncoiled chambers; 8b, edge 

view. All from Lower Jurassic rocks of South Barrow Test Well 3. Pig. 6, X 95; all others X 72. (p. 57). 

9-19. Vaginulina curva Franke. 9, Hypotype (USNM P652a), a megalospheric form which has many of the characters of 

Marginulina; 9a, side view; 9b, edge view. 10, Hypotype (USNM P652b), a somewhat more flattened form. 

11, Megalospheric hypotype (USNM P652c), of a size nearly equal to that of Pranke's type from the German 

Lias. 12, Juvenile hypotype (USNM P654a). 13, Megalospheric hypotype (USNM P652d) showing Marginulina-like characters. 14, Microspheric hypotype (USNM P652e), tending toward the characters of Astacolus, 

15, Elongate hypotype (USNM P648), showing typical Vaginulina development, slight curve at the base, and 

flattened uncoiled portion. 16, Broad hypotype (USNM P652f), with numerous costae, and inflated chambers. 

17, Broad, flattened microspheric hypotype (USNM P654b). 18, Megalospheric hypotype (USNM P654c). 

19, Astacolus-like hypotype (USNM P650). All from Lower Jurassic rocks of South Barrow Test Well 3. X 72. 

(p. 76).
PLATE 23

FIGURES 1-4. Dentalina terquemi d'Orbigny. 1, Hypotype (USNM P639a), showing low conical proloculus and later chambers of 

increasing height, X 95. 2, 3a, Side views of hypotypes (USNM P637a-b) showing large and robust character 

of this species, and well defined radiate aperture; 3b, edge view. 4, Hypotype (USNM P639b). Figs. 2-4, X 72. 

All from Lower Jurassic rocks of South Barrow Test Well 3. (p. 68).

5-7. Dentalina exilis Franke. 5, 6, Hypotypes (USNM P600a-b), showing arcuate test, and chambers of nearly equal 

size. 7, Hypotype (USNM P599), a fragment. Figs. 5-6, X 95. Fig. 7, X 158. All from Lower Jurassic rocks 

of South Barrow Test Well 3. (p. 66).

8-13. Dentalina tenuistriata Terquem. 8, Microspheric hypotype (USNM P627), showing flaring character, and numerous 

fine longitudinal ribs. 9, Hypotype (USNM P629), showing how ribs die out at the terminal portion of the test, 

leaving the neck bare. 10, Megalospheric hypotype (USNM P632a), showing large proloculus, and later chambers 

of nearly equal diameter common to this generation. 11, Hypotype (USNM P632b) showing apiculate base. 

12, 13, Fragments of very large microspheric hypotypes (USNM P632c-d), showing the size attained by single 

chambers in the adult. All X 95. Lower Jurassic rocks of South Barrow Test Well 3. (p. 67).

14-15. Dentalina clivosa (Franke). 14, Hypotype (USNM P597), showing arcuate test, few longitudinal ribs and pointed 

base. 15, Hypotype, (USNM P598), showing somewhat produced final chamber. X 95. Lower Jurassic rocks 

of South Barrow Test Well 3. (p. 66).

16-22. Vaginulina sherborni (Franke). 16, Hypotype (USNM P660a), showing long, straight, tapering test. 17, Hypotype (USNM P660b), a small form, showing the apiculate base and radiate aperture. 18, Small hypotype (USNM 

P662). 19, Hypotype (USNM P664). 20a, Side view of large hypotype (USNM P668); 20b, edge view. 21,22, 

Hypotypes (USNM P660c-d). Figs. 16, 18, 21-22, X 41; fig. 17, X 95; figs. 19-20, X 72. Fig. 20 from Lower 

Jurassic rocks of Simpson Test Well 1; all others from Lower Jurassic rocks of South Barrow Test Well 3. (p. 77).
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 236 PLATE 23

DENTAL1NA, VAGINLLINA
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 236 PLATE 24

NODOSARIA
PLATE 24

FIGURES 1-5. Nodosaria setulosa Tappan. 1, Holotype (USNM P582), showing low early chambers, higher later chambers, and 

hispid surface. 2-4, Paratypes (USNM P579a-c), showing microspheric forms, increasing in diameter rather rapidly 

in the early portion. 5, Megalospheric paratype (USNM P579d), showing less flaring test, and more nearly equal 

sized chambers. Lower Jurassic rocks of South Barrow Test Well 3. X 95. (p. 73).

6-7. Nodosaria apheilolocula Tappan, new name. 6, Hypotype (USNM P520), showing globular chambers, with tubular 

connections, and hispid surface, X 158. 7, Hypotype (USNM P519), X 218. Lower Jurassic rocks of South 

Barrow Test Well 3. (p. 68).

8-10. Nodosaria phobytica Tappan, n. sp. 8, Small paratype (USNM P558). 9, Holotype (USNM P555), showing many 

low ribs, pointed base, and short neck. 10, Paratype (USNM P556). Lower Jurassic rocks of South Barrow Test 

Well 3. X 95. (p. 71).

11-18. Nodosaria mitis (Terquem and Berthelin). 11, Juvenile hypotype (USNM P536a), of the type described as f.juvensis 

Franke of this species. 12, Hypotype (USNM P532), showing large proloculus, and continuous ribs. 13, Large 

hypotype (USNM P536b). 14, 18, Hypotypes (USNM P538a-b), showing apiculate base and flange-like ribs. 

15, Hypotype (USNM P542), showing well developed neck. 16a, 17, Hypotypes (USNM P540a-b), showing flangelike ribs; 16b, top view. Lower Jurassic rocks of South Barrow Test Well 3. Fig. 13, X 41; other figs. X 72. 

(P.-70).

320475—55———10
PLATE 25

FIGURES 1-5. Nodosaria radiata (Terquem). 1, Hypotype (USNM P571), showing tapering microspheric test, and increase of ribs 

in later portion. 2, Megalospheric hypotype (USNM P568a), showing large proloculus, and nearly parallel-sided 

test, with flange-like ribs. 3a, Microspheric hypotype (USNM P565); 3b, top view, showing radiate aperture. 

4a, Side view of hypotype (USNM P568b); 4b, top view. 5, Microspheric hypotype (USNM P568c). Fig. 4, X 41; 

other figs. X 72. Lower Jurassic rocks of South Barrow Test Well 3. (p. 72).

6-7. Nodosaria vermicularis (Terquem). 6, Hypotype (USNM. P529), showing tapered base, indistinct sutures, and cylindrical test. 7, Hypotype (USNM P530). Lower Jurassic rocks of South Barrow Test Well 1. X 41. (p. 73). 

8-9. Nodosaria prima d'Orbigny. 8a, Side view of large massive hypotype (USNM P562); 8b, top view, showing numerous 

ribs, which continue to the aperture; Lower Jurassic rocks of South Barrow Test Well 3. 9, Fragment of hypotype 

(USNM P564), from the Lower Jurassic of Simpson Test Well 1. X 41. (p. 72).

10-12. Nodosaria pachistika Tappan, n. sp. 10, Paratype (USNM P551), showing large bulbous chambers, and numerous 

fine ribs. 11, Paratype (USNM P548). 12a, Side view of holotype (USNM P547), showing large proloculus, and 

somewhat lower later chambers; 12b, top view. Lower Jurassic rocks of South Barrow Test Well 3. X 95. (p. 71).

13-16. Nodosaria berthelini Tappan, n. sp. 13a, Side view of paratype (USNM P525a), showing flaring microspheric form, 

and broad rounded ribs; 13b, top view, showing smooth upper surface. 14,15, Paratypes (USNM P525b-c), showing 

parallel sides of megalospheric generation. 16, Holotype (USNM P524), showing apiculate base, and short neck. 

Lower Jurassic rocks of South Barrow Test Well 3. X 95. (p. 69).
GEOLOGICAL SUKVEY PKOFESSIONAL PAPER 236 PLATE 25

NODOSARIA
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 236 PLATE 26

VAGINULINA, VAGINULINOPSIS, NODOSARIA, RECTOGLANDULINA, PLAXULARIA, SARACEN ARIA
PLATE 26

FIGUKE 1. Vaginulina anomala Blake. Hypotype (USNM P647), showing pointed base, triangular section and large final chamber.

X 72. Lower Jurassic rocks of South Barrow Test Well 3. (p. 76).

2-3. Vaginulina sp. Figured specimens (USNM P669a-b), showing broad, flattened tests, triangular side view, and low chambers. X 72. Lower Jurassic rocks of South Barrow Test Well 3. (p. 78). 

4-5. Vaginulinopsis matutina (d'Orbigny). 4, Hypotype (USNM P670), showing coiled base, and low chambers, gradually

increasing in height. 5, Hypotype (USNM P671), showing larger form which is flattened in the later portion. X 72.

Lower Jurassic rocks of South Barrow Test Well 3. (p. 78). 

6. Nodosaria candela Franke. Hypotype (USNM P528), showing slender, elongate, and cylindrical test, and produced

final chamber. X 72. Lower Jurassic rocks of South Barrow Test Well 3. (p. 69). 

7-9. Nodosaria regularis Terquem. 7, Hypotype (USNM P573), showing two large elongate inflated chambers, broken from

a much larger specimen. 8, Hypotype (USNM P574a), showing more rounded chambers of the early portion of the

test. 9, Hypotype (USNM P574b), showing apiculate base. X 72. Lower Jurassic rocks of South Barrow Test Well 3.

(p. 72). 

10-11. Rectoglandulina turbinata (Terquem and Berthelin). 10, Hypotype (USNM P595), showing low early chambers, and

inflated final chamber. 11, Larger hypotype (USNM P596), which is broken at the base. X72. Lower Jurassic rocks

of South Barrow Test Well 3. (p. 75).

12. Rectoglandulina brandi Tappan, n. sp. Holotype (USNM P792), showing robust test, broad rounded base, gradually 

enlarging test, and radiate aperture. X 72. Upper Jurassic rocks of Topagoruk Test Well 1. (p. 74).

13. Rectoglandulina oviformis (Terquem). Hypotype (USNM P590), showing pupiform outline, conical proloculus, and final 

chamber of approximately equal breadth and height. X 72. Lower Jurassic rocks of South Barrow Test Well 3. (p. 74).

14-16. Rectoglandulina multicostata (Bornemann). Hypotypes (USNM P588a-c), showing pointed base, numerous continuous 

costae, and slightly constricted sutures; 16b, apertural view. X 72. Lower Jurassic rocks of South Barrow Test Well 3. 

(p. 74).

17-18. Rectoglandulina quinquecostata (Bornemann). 17, Hypotype (USNM P592), showing small form, of the type referred to 

G. septangularis, but with 9 ribs, which increased in number by intercalation after the first chamber. 18, Larger specimen (USNM P594), showing the same pointed base, low chambers, and higher final chamber, but with only 7 ribs, and 

similar in appearance to the type of G. abbreviata Bornemann. X 72. Lower Jurassic rocks of South Barrow Test Well 

3. (p. 75).

19-20. Nodosaria detruncata Schwager. 19, Hypotype (USNM P586a), showing globular chambers, and short neck. 20, Hypotype (USNM P586b), showing more elongate test, and gradually increasing size of chambers. X 95. Upper Jurassic 

rocks of Welcome Creek, in the Siksikpuk-Nanushuk area. (p. 69).

21. Planularia striata (Issler). 21a, Side view of hypotype (USNM P674), showing early coil, low and broad and oblique 

later chambers, and produced dorsal angle; 21b, edge view, showing degree of compression. X 95. Lower Jurassic 

rocks of South Barrow Test Well 4. (p. 78).

22. Saracenaria phaedra Tappan, n. sp. Holotype (USNM P785), showing triangular test, slightly coiled base, and low,

broad chambers. X 72. Upper Jurassic rocks of Topagoruk Test Well 1. (p. 64).

23-25. Saracenaria segmentata Tappan, n. sp. 23, 24, Paratypes (USNM P518a-b), showing rounded proloculus, low and broad 

later chambers, strongly angled margins of the face, and prominent flange-like dorsal keel. 25a, Side view of holotype (USNM P517); 25b, view of the apertural face, showing its broad flat nature, and marginal keels. X 72. Lower 

Jurassic rocks of South Barrow Test Well 3. (p. 65).

26. Saracenaria topagorukensis Tappan, n. sp. Holotype (USNM P782), showing planispiral and involute early coil, the 

inflated ventral margins of each chamber left as ridges just below each suture in the early portion of the test, and 

the slightly produced dorsal angle. X 72. Upper Jurassic rocks of Topagoruk Test Well 1. (p. 65).

27. Saracenaria oxfordiana Tappan, new name. Hypotype (USNM P786), showing planispiral coil, and sharply triangular 

later chambers, with narrow marginal keel and acute ventral margins. X 72. Upper Jurassic rocks of Topagoruk 

Test Well 1. (p. 64).
PLATE 27

FIGUEES 1-2. Lingulina polita Tappan, n. sp. 1, Paratype (USNM P697), a broken microspheric specimen, showing gradually 

enlarging test, and highly arched chambers. 2a, Side view of holotype (USNM P696), a complete, although smaller 

megalospheric specimen, showing the lanceolate proloculus, and strongly arched later chambers; 2b, top view, 

showing ovate section and elongate aperture. X 95. Lower Jurassic rocks of South Barrow Test Well 3. (p. 76).

3-4. Frondicularia terquemi d'Orbigny. 3, Hypotype (USNM P727), showing small, tapering, compressed test, with two 

very obscure longitudinal costae. 4, Hypotype (USNM P726), a fragment of a larger specimen, showing completely smooth surface, marginal keels, and produced final chamber. X 95. Lower Jurassic rocks of South Barrow 

Test Well 3. (p. 81).

5-6. Lingulina lanceolata (Hausler). 5, Hypotype (USNM P694), showing a fragment of a test, with the comparatively 

high arched chambers. 6a, Hypotype (USNM P692), showing constricted sutures; 6b, top view, showing ovate 

section, and elongate aperture. X 95. Lower Jurassic rocks of South Barrow Test Well 3. (p. 75). 

7. Frondicularia baueri Burbach. Hypotype (USNM P700), showing slightly tapering test, with longitudinal costae of 

equal strength. X 41. Lower Jurassic rocks of South Barrow Test Well 3. (p. 80).

8-9. Frondicularia squamosa Terquem and Berthelin. Hypotypes (USNM P722a-b), showing numerous longitudinal

costae of equal strength. X 95. Lower Jurassic rocks of South Barrow Test Well 3. (p. 81).

10. Frondicularia sp. Small specimen (USXM P795), with globular proloculus and two arched chambers, ornamented 

with two costae at each side of the central sulcus on each face. X 95. Upper Jurassic rocks of Topagoruk Test 

Well 1. (p. 82).

11-19. Frondicularia lustrata Tappan. lla, Side view of holotype (USNM 106481), showing pointed base, central sulcus 

bordered by strong costae, with two slightly less prominent ones appearing to the outside of these in the later portion of the test; lib, top view, showing the sulcus on each side, and the four costae, with lateral borders also costate. 

12, 16. Hypotypes (USNM P708a-b), showing less prominent costae. 13, Paratype (USNM 106483), showing 

apiculate proloculus, and more rapidly flaring microspheric test. 14, Hypotype (USNM P717), showing a smaller 

megalospheric form, with nearly parallel sides. 15, Hypotype (USNM P713), showing only two ribs on each side 

of the test. 17, Paratype (USNM 106482a), a very large specimen. 18, Hypotype (USNM P705), showing flaring 

test, longitudinal sulcus and lateral ribs, and produced final chamber. 19, Hypotype (USNM P715), showing a 

megalospheric form. Lower Jurassic rocks of South Barrow Test Well 3. Figs, lla, 17, 19, X 41; fig. lib, X 72; 

all others X 95. (p. 80).
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 236 PLATE 27

LING ULINA. FROND 1C ILARIA
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 236 PLATE 28

CITHARINA, LAGENA, EOGLTTLLINA, PALEOPOLYMORPHINA, GLOBUL1NA
PLATE 28

FIGURES 1-10. Ciiharina fallax (Payard). 1, Hypotype (USNM P677), showing broad, flattened test, longitudinal ribs, and bifurcation of ribs. 2, Hypotype (USNM P685), showing a complete test, with rounded proloculus, low and broad oblique 

later chambers, and produced dorsal angle with radiate aperture. 3, Broken hypotype (USNM P681a), showing 

slight increase in height of later chambers. 4, Juvenile hypotype (USNM P681b), showing rounded proloculus 

with faint basal spine, and few ribs. 5, Complete microspheric hypotype (USNM P675), showing somewhat ovate 

proloculus, subtriangular test and few ribs. 6, Small hypotype (USNM P688), with slightly ovate proloculus 

and few ribs. 7, 10, Hypotypes (USNM P679a-b), which are almost certainly fragments of a single specimen, 

as they are similar in all respects, even to the presence of iron-staining along one margin, although a connecting 

segment is missing; 7, shows the large size attained by this species, and the numerous ribs on the adult test, and 

well developed radiate aperture; 10, shows a globular proloculus, with short basal spine, and beginning of the 

many ribs. 8, Broad hypotype (USNM P681c), showing numerous ribs, which are slightly oblique, increasing in 

number by addition of new ribs on the ventral margin. 9, Narrow hypotype (USNM P683), showing adult chambers of a form such as the juvenile of fig. 4, with comparatively few ribs. All from Lower Jurassic rocks of South 

Barrow Test Well 3. X 41. (p. 79).

11. Citharina frankei Tappan, new name. Hypotype (USNM P691), showing compressed, slightly curved form with 

produced dorsal angle, and absence of any ornamentation. Lower Jurassic rocks of South Barrow Test Well 

3. X 95. (p. 79).

12. Lagena liasica (Ktibler and Zwingli). Hypotype (USNM P796), showing elongate smooth test, with apiculate base, 

and short narrow neck. Upper Jurassic rocks of Topagoruk Test Well 1. X 158. (p. 82).

13-14. Lagena aphela Tappan, n. sp. 13, Paratype (USNM P733), showing nearly spherical test, short broad neck and 

radiate aperture; X 218. 14, Holotype (USNM P731), a somewhat larger and more ovate specimen, with welldeveloped radiate aperture; X 158. Lower Jurassic rocks of South Barrow Test Well 3. (p. 82).

15-16. Eoguttulina metensis (Terquem). 15, Small hypotype, (USNM P743a), showing oblique chambers, and fusiform 

outline. 16a, b. Opposite sides of hypotype (USNM P743b), showing slightly depressed sutures, and comparatively large final pair of chambers. Lower Jurassic rocks of the Sadlerochit River area. X 95. (p. 83).

17-19. Eoguttulina liassica (Strickland). 17, 18, Hypotypes (USNM P738a-b), showing ovate and inflated test, and radiate 

aperture. 19, Hypotype (USNM P740), a somewhat larger specimen. Lower Jurassic rocks of South Barrow 

Test Well 3. X 72. (p. 83).

20-21. Paleopolymorphina vagina (Terquem). 20a, b, Opposite sides of large hypotype (USNM P745). 21,Hypotype

(USNM P746). Lower Jurassic rocks of South Barrow Test Well 3. X 41. (p. 83).

22. Globulina topagorukensis Tappan, n. sp. 22a, Side view of holotype (USNM P798), showing globular test, with small 

early chambers and radiate aperture; 22b, basal view, showing chamber arrangement. Upper Jurassic rocks of 

Topagoruk Test Well 1. X 95. (p. 84).

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