p.1 

5.2.2 Pacific Sardine 

^ v S.E 

•«-

+ 

E 

3J, 

.& Dens Mean 

1.3 — 

1.2-

1.1 -

1.0-

0.9 -

0.8 -

0.7 -

0.6 -

0.5 -

0.4 -

0.3 -

0.2 -

0.1 -

0.0 -

T designatessurveyw 

Pacific sardine {Sardinops sagax) j 

ifirimiimmmrnfififrirnimmnfirinnntmrtB 1 m "•""mmim ni! t 1 " t 

|o|N|D|j|F|M|A|M|J|J|A|S|O|N|D|J|F|M|A|M|J]J | A |S|O|N] D [ J | F 

| isee | 1SS7 | 1088 ' 

Survey Date 

ith density =0 

| 

1 J 

|M[ A 

18S9 

f » 

'i'l'i'f 

I 

Figure 5.2.2-1. Weekly mean larval density (#/m3 + 1 S.E.) at the DCPP intake. 

TENERA E9-055.0 5-85 Final 316(b) Demonstration 

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H 

m 

z 

m 

n 

m 

ID 

. o 

Ul 

Ol 

Ol I 

CO 

O) 

3 

co 

M 

ro 3 o =•• o o 

O 3 

Pacific sardine {Sardinops sagax) 

co E 

1.8 

1.5 

1.2 

0.9 

0.6 

0.3 

0.0 

Depth Contours 

•"<»— 20 meters 

— —• 40 meters 

— H M 60 meters 

Point Buchon 

DCPP Intake 

Point San Luis 

Jul. 21/97 Aug. 25, "97 Sep. 29,'97 Oct. 20,'97 Nov. 17,'97 Dec. 10,'97 

Figure 5.2.2-2a. Mean larval density (#/m3) collected in the DCPP study grid cells and at the entrainment sampling location. 

is> 

io 

TJ 

0) 

o 3 

o 

to 

at 

-3. 

O 
m 

z 

m 

H 

m 

CO 

i 

o 

cn 

cn 

b 

1 

00 

->i 

2

 a 

m 2> 

- ^* 

ro 3 

o -t. 

o o 

o 3 

Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) 

CO 

1.8 

1.5 

1.2 

0.9 

0.6 

0.3 

0.0 

Fina I 316(b 

Depth Contours 

— 20 meters 

— — 40 meters 

—••^•— 60 meters 

Point Buchon 

DCPP Intake 

Point San Luis 

Jan. 22,'98 Feb. 26.'98 Mar. 18,'98 Apr. 15,'98 May 18,'98 Jun. 8, "98 

Figure 5.2.2-2b (continued). Mean larval density (#/m5) collected in the DCPP study grid cells and at the entrainment sampling location. 

cn 

io 

ro 

TJ 

u 

o 5; 

<•>' 

Cfl 

tt 

a 

-3. 
m 

z 

m 

2 

m 

CD 

o 

cn 

cn 

Oi i 

00 

CO 

tt. 

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CT> 

l l 

-^ 10 

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o zr. 

o o 

O 3 

Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) 

CO 

E 

1.8 

1.5 

1.2 

0.9 

0.6 

0.3 

0.0 

Depth Contours 

' ni 20 meters 

— 40 meters 

-----* 60 meters 

Point Buchon 

DCPP Intake 

Point San Luis 

Jul. 20, '98 Aug. 25, '98 Sep. 15, '98 Oct. 5, '98 Nov 10, '98 Dec. 8, '98 

Figure 5.2.2-2c (continued). Mean larval density (#/mJ) collected in the DCPP study grid cells and at the entrainment sampling location. 

cn 

io 

io 

•v 

u 

o# 

o" 

(fl 

tt 

a 

(D 
m 

z 

m 

m 

CO 

• 

o 

cn 

cn 

i 

oo 

co 

CO 

o> 

2 ° 

tt S> 

§1 

- * (0 

ro 3 

o =•. 

o o 

o 3 

Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) 

CO 

E 

1.8 

1.5 

1.2 

0.9 

0.6 

0.3 

0.0 

Depth Contours 

— —- 20 meters 

— 40 meters 

•^• ^ 60 meters 

Point Buchon 

DCPP Intake 

Point San Luis 

Jan. 11, '99 Feb. 2, '99 Mar. 16, '99 Apr. 13, '99 May 23, '99 Jun 22, '99 

Figure 5.2.2-2d (continued). Mean larval density (#/mJ) collected in the DCPP study grid cells and at the entrainment sampling location. 

cn 

ro 

ro 

"O 

u 

o 3 

o 

Cfl 

u 

a 

3 

;T3 

Jui 
P.6 

5.2.2 Pacific Sardine 

u 

c 

I 

z, 

o 

u 

O 

o 

c 

3 

CT 

OJ 

C 

CO 

o 

tu 

0. 

Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) 

N= 1,402 

Median Mean 

••••! • 

1.5 2. 8 4. 0 5. 3 6. 5 7.B 

Length Category (mm) 

"-T--

12 

I ' ' ' I ' ' ' I ' ' ' I ' 

1 6 2 0 ' 2 4 2 B 

I I I 

Estimated age (days) 

Figure 5.2.2-3. Length frequency of all measured larval fish collected in the entrainment 

samples. Minimum, median, mean, maximum, and central 98% ofthe larval lengths are noted. 

X-axis scale is not continuous at larger lengths. 

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5.2.2 Pacific Sardine 

P.7 

15" 

10" 

o 

c

 5-> 

3 

O 

o 

O 

Min 

1% 

Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) 

Entrainment: N=155 

Median! Mean 

* 

99% 

Max 

ll MT,„|lfl IrrX 

>. 

" 15" 

c 

OJ 

3 

zr 

OJ 

*• 10-I 

c 

OJ 

CJ - I OJ 5 — 

I ' ' I 

1.3 2.5 3.8 5.0 6.3 7.5 8.8 10.0 11.3 12.5 -v-<n> 

Grid: N=2,882 

Medianl Mean 

Min 

1% 

Illll 

99% 

Max 

IM«I-MI THIIIILIIIIM1M-, 

1.3 2.5 3.8 5.0 6.3 7.5 8.8 10.0 11.3 12.5 <•#&» 

Length Category (mm) 

Figure 5.2.2-4. Length frequency of measured fish from entrainment surveys that paired with 

grid surveys (both years combined). Minimum, median, mean, maximum, and central 98% ofthe 

larval lengths are noted. X-axis scale is not continuous at larger lengths. 

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5.2.2 Pacific Sardine 

ui 

CO 

"+ Dens Mean 

0.24 — 

0.22 — 

0.20-= 

o> co 

ulitiili 

0.14 ~= 

0.12-^ 

o.io-= 

0.08-= 

0.06-= 

O p 10 ° 

llllllllll 

o.oo — 

-0.02 -= 

-0.04 ~= 

-0.06 -= 

-0.08 — 

Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) 

m • * m 

illl l 

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 

Year 

* 

I 

1995 

• • 

I 

I I i 

1996 1997 1998 

Figure 5.2.2-5. Annual mean density +/- 2 standard errors (vertical lines) and grand mean 

density for all years combined (horizontal line) for the Intake Cove surface plankton tows. The 

annual mean densities are based on seven consecutive months of data (December through June) 

except for 1990, which had only five months (February through June). 

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5.2.2 Pacific Sardine 

P.9 

Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) - mean duration 

o.oso -

0.040 * 

0.04 0 — 

0.03 S — 

o.oso — 

0.02 S — 

0.02 0 * 

0.016 " 

o.oi o — 

O.OOS -

O.OOO -

» 

1 

I \ \ 

V 

\ 

V 

—i—i—i—i—i—i—i—i—i—|—i—i—r — 

Analysis Period 3: Jul 1997-Jun 1998 

Density Extrapolated Ps off scale 

1/Ps = 47.3 

PM= 0.000284 ± 0.0149 

90% C.l. 

T—i—i—i—i—i—i—i—i— i —i—i—i—i—i—i—i—i—i—i—i—i—i—i—i—i—r * 

Ox 6 x 10 x 10 x , 20 x 2Sx SOx 36 x 40 x 

O k m ST k m 17 4 k m 261k m 34 7 k m 43 4 k m 82 1 k m BOSk m OBS k m 

Six a o f Populatio n Relativ e t o Stud y Qrt d 

Equivalen t DMtsnc e Alongshor a 

Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) - mean duration 

o.oso — 

0.04 S — 

0.040 -

0.03 S — 

0.03 0 -

£ 0.02 B - j 

0.02 0 — 

O.OIS 

O.OIO 

O.OOS — 

Analysis Period 4: Jul 1998-Jun 1999 

No analysis performed; there were no surveys during 

this period where sardine larvae were found in both 

grid samples and entrainment samples 

0.00 0 r" i—i— . —i— i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i T i i i i 

Ox 

O km 

Bx 

e r km 

r—i—i—|—i— r i i—|—i—i—i i 

1 0 x 1Sx 20 x 2S x SOx 3Bx 40 x 

1 7 4 k m 28 1 k m 34 7 k m 43 4 k m S2 1 k m 60 S k m S8 S k m 

Six a o f Populatio n Relativ e t o Stud y Gri d 

Equivalen t Dlrtanc a Alongshor e 

Figure 5.2.2-6a. Total annual entrainment mortality (P^) and 90% confidence interval (CI.) as a 

function of die reciprocal ofthe fraction of die population at risk and contained in die study grid 

(p.) used to approximate the extent ofthe study grid population based on offshore extrapolation of 

study grid abundance extended alongshore using bodi onshore and alongshore current movements 

with die 90% CI. indicated. 

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5.2.2 Pacific Sardine 

Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) - maximum duration 

o.ooAnalysis Period 3: Jul 1997-Jun 1998 

Density Extrapolated Ps off scale 

1/Ps= 1,078 

Pu = 0.0000669 1 0.0149 

Estimate 

90% C.l. 

Ox 

O k m 

Sx 

er km 

1 0 x 1 Sx 

1 7 4 k m 26 1 k m 

2 0 x 26 x SOx 3fi x 40 x 

3 4 7 k m 43 4 k m 62 1 k m 60 S k m 6B 5 k m 

Slx e o f Populatio n Relativ e t o Stud y Gri d 

Equivalen t Distanc e Alongahor e 

Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) - maximum duration 

0.20 -

0.18 -

o.ie — 

0.14 -

0.12 -

J| o.io^i 

o.oe 

o.oe — 

0.0 4 — 

0.0 2 — 

O.OO* 

Analysis Period 4: Jul 1998-Jun 1999 

No analysis performed; there were no surveys during 

this period where sardine larvae were found in both 

grid samples and entrainment samples 

Ox 

O k m 

Sx 

6 7 k m 

1—i—I—i—i—I—i—I—r 

l O x IS x 

1 7 4 k m 28 1 kn 

2 0 x 2S x 30 x 3S x 40 x 

3 4 7 k m 43 4 k m 62 1 k m BOB k m OOO k m 

Siz e o f Populatio n Relativ e t o Stud y Gri d 

Equivalen t Distanc e Alongahor e 

Figure 5.2.2-6b. Total annual entrainment mortality (P^) and 90% confidence interval (CI.) as 

a function of die reciprocal ofthe fraction ofthe population at risk and contained in the study grid 

(j> ) used to approximate die extent of die study grid population based on offshore extrapolation 

of study grid abundance extended alongshore using bodi onshore and alongshore current 

movements widi die 90% CI. indicated. 

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5.2.2 Pacific Sardine 

184,648 km2 

100 0 100 200 Kilometers 

Figure 5.2.2-7. PFMC management area containing the spawning population ofthe Pacific 

sardine (Hill et al. in press). 

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P.12 

^B: 

Blank Page 
P.13 

5.2.3 Northern Anchovy 

5.2.3 Assessment of Northern Anchovy (Engraulis mordax) 

Engraulis mordax (Girard 1854); northern anchovy; length to 23 cm; Queen 

Charlotte Island in British Columbia to Cabo San Lucas, Baja California Sur 

and lower Gulf of California; surface and inshore to 310 m; blue to greenish 

on back, silvery below; adults with faint silvery side stripe (Miller and Lea 

1972; Eschmeyer et al. 1983). 

The northern anchovy is one of four species in the family Engraulididae (the anchovies) reported 

from Califomia coastal waters (Miller and Lea 1972). Other representatives of this family are the 

deepbody anchovy (Anehoa compressa), slough anchovy (Anehoa delicatissima), and the 

anchoveta (Centengraulis mysticetus; Eschmeyer et al. 1983; Love et al. 1996). Potentially three 

distinct sub-populations of northern anchovy live along die Pacific coast ofthe United States (Lo 

1985; PFMC 1990; Love 1996). One group is found from British Columbia to north of San 

Francisco, another is found from San Francisco to northern Baja California, and the last is found 

along the southern coast of Baja. This grouping of adult sub-populations has been accepted as 

part ofthe Fishery Management Plan (FMP) for Coastal Pelagic Species (CPS) by the Pacific 

Fishery Management Council (PFMC 1998). 

Northern anchovy in the central subpopulation are harvested commercially in Mexico and 

California for human consumption, live bait, dead bait, and other commercial uses (PFMC 1998). 

Landings of northern anchovy in California between 1916 and 1997 varied from a low of 72 

metric tons (MT) in 1926 to a high of 143,799 MT in 1975 (PFMC 1998). Although northem 

anchovy are fished throughout the state, commercial landings are usually made in San Francisco, 

Monterey, and Los Angeles; therefore, landing records for local ports are limited. The most 

recent annual (1997) local landings data for northern anchovy reported by CDF&G are from Port 

San Luis (22.6 MT), but the average annual landing from Avila during the period 1990-1998 is 

TENERA E9-055.0 5-96 Final 316(b) Demonstration 

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P.14 

5.2.3 Northern Anchovy 

2.7 MT, and the most recent northern anchovy landing at the port of Morro Bay occurred in 1981 

(Figure 5.2.3-1). 

Reproduction of northern anchovy varies with time and location. Northern anchovy off southern 

and central California can reach sexual maturity by the end of their first year, with all individuals 

maturing by 4 yr of age; off Oregon and Washington they do not mature until their third year 

(Love 1996). An early estimate of northern anchovy fecundity (Baxter 1967) indicates an annual 

range of 20,000-30,000 eggs per female. More recent data from Love (1996) indicates that 

females can release from 2,700-16,000 eggs per batch, with annual fecundity as high as 130,000 

eggs in southern California and around 35,000 eggs per year in northern populations. Parrish et 

al. (1986) indicate that total annual fecundity from the first to die fourth-plus spawning seasons 

ranges from 32,514 to 322,957 eggs per female, respectively. 

In southern California, anchovy spawn year-round with peaks during late winter to spring (Love 

1996; Moser 1996). In Oregon and Washington, spawning can occur from mid-June to midAugust (Love 1996). During die peak of die spawning season, females can spawn every 6-8 d 

(Love 1996; Schlotterbeck and Connally 1982). Spawning normally occurs at night in the upper 

layers of die water column (Hart 1973). The most recent stock assessment for northern anchovy 

estimated spawning biomass at 388,000 MT (CV 38%) during the middle of February 1995 

(Jacobson et al. 1995). Although no more recent stock assessments have been made, a qualitative 

analysis ofthe available data indicates that this remains die best estimate of current spawning 

biomass (Jacobson et al. 1997). 

Females are oviparous, producing planktonic eggs and larvae (Moser 1996). Eggs occur from the 

surface to 75 m depth but usually are found in the upper 50 m (Emmett et al. 1991). The eggs 

hatch in 2-4 d, depending on the water temperature, and release 2.5-3.0 mm long relatively 

undeveloped larvae (Moser 1996). The larvae remain largely inactive, floating over 90% ofthe 

time, with intense swimming events taking place about once per minute and lasting from one to 

two seconds (Hunter 1976). Larvae begin schooling at 11-12 mm and transform into juveniles at 

35-40 mm in approximately 70 d (Hart 1973). 

TENERA E9-055.0 5-97 Final 316(b) Demonstration 

March 1,2000 
P.15 

0* 

Q 

0 

D 

0 

0 

Q 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

D 

0 

5.2.3 Northern Anchovy 

0 

0 

S.2.3.1 Symmmairy of Field Golleeltoomis 

Northern anchovy larvae were collected intermittently at the DCPP intake structure during the 

years 1996-1999 (Appendix M), with their greatest abundance tending to occur between 

December and May and their highest abundance in January 1998 (Fagmre 5.23-2). These larval 

density estimates represented a total of 3,443 larval northern anchovies in 879 bongo net 

subsamples collected at the DCPP intake structure between October 1996 and June 1999, 

representing 19% ofthe subsamples collected and processed from that location during that 

period. An El Nino event began during die spring of 1997 (NOAA 1999) and was detected along 

the California coast in fall/winter of 1997-98 (Lynn et al. 1998). This climatological and 

oceanographic event may account for the observed peak in larval northern anchovy abundance 

during 1997-98. The primary spawning grounds of northern anchovy are south of Point 

Conception (Hart 1973; PFMC 1998), but die warm water that moved up the coast as a result of 

this El Niiio could have carried the anchovy spawning biomass to the north of their normal 

southerly distribution. 

Larval northern anchovy occurred in the DCPP study grid during all but one month (October 

1998) ofthe sampling period (AppenndliiK H), with their highest abundance during March-May 

1998 (FSgimre §.23-3). The patterns observed in die study grid further support the supposition 

that die 1997-98 El Nino may have displaced dieir spawning biomass center further north than its 

expected distribution in a cooler water year. The density estimates from the study grid 

represented 8,464 larval northern anchovies identified from 1,134 bongo net subsamples, 

representing 37% ofthe study grid subsamples processed from July 1997-June 1999. 

Standard lengths of all northern anchovy larvae collected at the DCPP intake structure between 

October 1996 and June 1999 ranged from a minimum of 1.6 mm to a maximum of 37.1 mm 

(F5gMre 5.23-4). The central 98% of this length-frequency distribution resulted in a minimum 

length of 2.1 mm and a maximum length of 25 mm. Reported hatching size for this species 

ranges from 2.5-3.0 mm (Moser 1996). The fact that we observed some larvae smaller man the 

reported hatching lengths can be explained partly by natural variation of hatch lengths within the 

population and partly by die phenomenon of shrinkage following preservation (Theilacker 1980). 

TENERA E9-055.0 5-98 Final 316(b) Demonstration 

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P.16 

5.2.3 Northern Anchovy 

The mean larval length in this distribution was 6.1 mm. The growth rate of larval northern 

anchovy (0.45 mm/d) reported by Methot and Kramer (1979) was used to estimate ages of 

entrained larvae. Assuming that larvae less than the minimum 1% length (2.1 mm) were 

immediately post-hatch and aged zero days, then the estimated age of larvae entrained could 

range from zero days up to 51 d post-hatching for the longest larva measured (25 mm). On 

average, the estimated age of northern anchovy larvae entrained at DCPP was ca. 9 d posthatching. 

No significant differences were detected between the bi-modal distributions of larval northern 

anchovy lengths at the DCPP intake and from the study grid (Figure 5.23-5) using a 

Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (p > 0.299; Appendix J). Additionally, no significant difference 

between mean iengdis at die DCPP intake (8.8 mm) and study grid (9.2 mm) was detected by a ttest (p > 0.358). These results, combined widi die similarity ofthe length-frequency distributions, 

indicate mat the subsamples in the two locations came from the same population. 

5.2.3.2 Estimating Total Annual Entrainment 

The annual estimated mean entrainment and associated standard error for northern anchovy 

larvae are presented in Table 5.23-1. Estimates of total annual entrainment (ET ) were nearly 

four times higher in 1997-98 Analysis Period 2(E~T = 104,000,000) than in 1996-97 Analysis 

Period 1 (E~T = 26,600,000). A value of 2• SE(E~T) can be used to approximate a 95% 

confidence interval around the point estimates for each analysis period. The confidence intervals 

for Analysis Periods 1 and 2 do not overlap, indicating diat there were probably statistically 

significant differences between the estimates from the two years (although not all variance terms 

are considered). The larger estimate for 1997-98 may have been due to die El Nino event that 

occurred during this time period. The warm water transported northward likely brought more 

northern anchovy into the waters around Diablo Canyon from the center of their spawning 

distribution that typically occurs south of Point Conception. 

Estimates of annual northern anchovy entrainment for all three analysis periods were adjusted 

(Table 5.23-2) to the long-term average larval fish abundance index from the Intake Cove 

TENERA E9-055.0 5-99 Final 316(b) Demonstration 

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P.17 

5.2.3 Northern Anchovy 

plankton tows (Figure 5.23-6). The average index (/,) was 0.015 larvae/m^ in 1997 and 0.021 

larvae/m^ in 1998. The long-term average index (/ ) was 0.077 larvae/m^ for the years 1990— 

1998. The ratio used to adjust total annual entrainment to the long-term average (/ //,) was 

calculated as 5.11 for 1997 and 3.62 for 1998, indicating that larval abundance during those years 

was lower than the long-term average. Although the correction resulted in larger estimates for 

both periods, the difference between EAdj_T for 1996-97 (EAdj_T = 136,000,000) and 1997-98 

(EAdj.T = 376,000,000) was reduced from a factor of 4 for ET to less than a factor of 3. The 

adjusted entrainment estimates for analysis periods 2 and 3 were very close in value because both 

periods overlap for much ofthe period of peak larval abundance for northern anchovy. 

5.2.3.4 Fecundity Hindcasting (FH) 

Fecundity hindcasting requires age-specific fecundity (Mx) and mortality (Lx) to assess 

entrainment effects. Butler et al. (1993) modeled egg and larval survivorship of northern anchovy 

(Table 5.23-3). Their 'best' estimate is derived by fitting the range of mortality estimates from 

field collections to the assumption ofa stable and stationary population. Instantaneous daily 

mortality estimates were used from Butler et al. (1993) for egg (0.231), yolk-sac (0.366), and 

early larval stages (0.286). These rates can be converted, over their average stage durations, to 

finite survivorship rates for each developmental stage: egg (0.512), yolk-sac (0.268), and early 

larval stages (0.414). Survival rates for eggs and larvae were then calculated for an estimated 

average age at entrainment of ca 9 d, using a growth rate of 0.45 mm/d (Methot and Kramer 

1979) and an average (6.1 mm) and 1% smallest (2.1 mm) size at entrainment. Survival to 

entrainment for average-aged larvae was thus estimated as 

The FH approach combines larval entrainment losses, adult fecundity, age at maturity, and 

longevity to hindcast the numbers of adult females effectively removed from the reproductively 

active population. Clark and Phillips (1952) report age at sexual maturity as 1-2 yr. In 

subsequent calculations, we will assume the mid-value of 1.5 yr and assume the reported range 

TENERA E9-055.0 5-100 Final 316(b) Demonstration 

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P.18 

5.2.3 Northern Anchovy 

corresponds to 99% ofa normal distribution. For longevity, Hart (1973) reports a value of 7 yr, 

but Leet et al. (1992) states that northern anchovy in the fished population rarely exceed 4 yr of 

age. We will use the value of 4 yr to represent the most likely reproductive life span. Parrish et al. 

(1986) estimates an annual fecundity in the second spawning season of 102,174 eggs per female. 

The adjusted estimate of annually entrained northern anchovy larvae (EAdJ_T) was used to 

estimate the number of breeding females needed to produce those larvae in analysis periods 1,2, 

and 3 (Table 5.2.3-4). Estimates of FH for the 1996-97 analysis period (FH = 16,100) were less 

than half of those estimated for the 1997-98 Analysis Period 2 (FH = 44,600). Similar to the 

results seen with entrainment, these differences are a result ofthe entrainment estimates for those 

periods postulated to be due to the El Nino event that occurred during die second sampling year. 

Sensitivity Analysis 

Fecundity had the greatest leverage on recalculated values of FH (Table 5.23-5). Varying this 

parameter in the model resulted in an FH range of 3,110-232,000 adult females among the three 

analysis periods, compared to the original estimate of 16,100-44,700 adult females. Survivorship 

(specifically, yolk-sac survivorship) had the next greatest amount of leverage on recalculated 

FH. 

5.2.3.5 Adult Equivalent Loss (AEL) 

The AEL approach used estimates ofthe abundance of entrained organisms to project the loss of 

equivalent numbers of adults based on mortality schedules and age at recruitment into the fishery. 

The instantaneous survival rate from me entrained larval stage to recruitment into the northern 

anchovy fishery (through juvenile and early adult stages to 2 yr of age) is 0.000318 estimated 

from the life table produced by Butler et al. (1993; Table 5.23-4). Average age at entrainment 

for northem anchovy larvae (9 d) was calculated by dividing the average larval length at 

entrainment (minus length at hatching) by a literature-based growth rate of 0.45 mm per day 

(Methot and Kramer 1979). Butler et al. (1993) apportioned survivorship to recruitment into 

TENERA E9-055.0 5-101 Final 316(b) Demonstration 

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P.19 

5.2.3 Northern Anchovy 

several developmental stages, and AEL was calculated using the entrainment ofa single age class 

having the average age at recruitment of 2 yr. 

The numbers of equivalent adult northern anchovies predicted from adjusted total annual 

entrainment ranged from 43,200 2 yr-old recruits in 1996-97 to 120,000 in 1997-98 

(Table 5.23-6). The estimates nearly tripled between years, possibly due to El Nino-induced 

increases in larval abundance during the second year. However, the 90% confidence intervals 

overlap, which may indicate that these estimates are not significantly different between sampling 

periods. 

Sensitivity Analysis 

Early and late larval survivorship had die greatest leverage on recalculated values of AEL 

(Table 5.23-7). Varying eidier of these two parameters in the model resulted in an AEL range of 

8,330-621,000 adult equivalents among the three analysis periods, compared to the original 

estimate of 43,200-120,000 adult equivalents. Pre-recruit and early juvenile survivorship had the 

next greatest leverage on estimates of AEL. 

5.2.3.6 Empirical Transport Model (ETM) 

There was large variation in the estimates of proportional entrainment (PE) for each ith survey 

during the two analysis periods (July 1997-June 1998 and July 1997-June 1998; Table 5.23-8). 

Estimates of proportional entrainment ranged from zero to as high as 0.0102. Maximum values of 

PEi in the two periods occurred during January 1998 (0.00186) and February 1999 (0.0102). 

During Analysis Period 3, the largest proportion of larvae were collected during January 1998 (fj 

= 0.468), the same monthly survey period as the maximum PE, . In the second period, the largest 

proportion of larvae were collected during August 1998 (fj- 0.431). The February 1999 f was 

0.055, indicating that the maximum PE, was weighted less than others during the study period in 

calculating the larval mortality estimate PM . 

When both PE, and fj were equal to zero, no larvae were collected at either the DCPP intake or 

from the study grid. When PE, = 0 and f>0, larvae were collected at the DCPP intake during the 

TENERA E9-055.0 5-102 Final 316(b) Demonstration 

March 1.2000 
P.20 

5.2.3 Northern Anchovy 

survey period but not during the entrainment survey paired with the 72-hour study grid survey. 

This occurred in February and again in September of 1998 and, as expected, were accompanied 

by low f values. 

Larval entrainment mortality (PM ) was estimated for the two, year-long periods, using two 

estimates ofthe duration of time that northern anchovy larvae may be susceptible to entrainment. 

These durations were estimated as 9 d and 51.2 d using the mean and maximum lengths, 

respectively, of entrained larvae. Northem anchovy larvae were dispersed throughout the study 

grid (Figure 5.23-3), but they are typically found in their greatest density offshore (Moser et al. 

1993). Therefore, Ps was calculated by extrapolating study grid abundance patterns offshore and 

dien extending them alongshore. Estimates of total entrainment mortality (PM ) were 0.000575 

for the 1997-1998 analysis period and 0.00187 for the 1998-1999 analysis period, using the 

mean larval duration. Smaller values of PM were estimated using die maximum larval duration: 

0.0000786 in the 1997-1998 period and 0.000184 in the 1998-1999 period. Standard errors of 

PM were large relative to die estimates: 0.0168 in die first period and 0.0385 in the second 

period. 

Ps was calculated as a proportion of larval numbers in the study grid to an extrapolated number 

using the grid density and a larger area defined by alongshore and offshore current 

measurements. These areas were a function ofthe estimated duration of larval susceptibility to 

entrainment, and for the periods 1997-1998 and 1998-1999, averaged 639 and 370 km2 for the 

mean larval duration, and 6,670 and 6,140 km2 for the maximum larval duration, respectively. 

For the plots showing the sensitivity analysis for each analysis period, PM declined rapidly with 

increasing \l Ps., using either average or maximum length to calculate larval duration (Figure 

5.23-7). As duration increased within an analysis period, PM decreased and \IPS increased. 

There were large differences between analysis periods in the point estimates of PM for both 

larval durations. The large error associated with calculating PM may account for some ofthe 

differences and contributes to the level of uncertainty associated with these estimates. 

TENERA E9-055.0 5-103 Final 316(b) Demonstration 

March 1,2000 
P.21 

5.2.3 Northern Anchovy 

5.2.3.7 Interpretation of Assessment Results 

Population-level losses, using the estimated larval mortality PM due to entrainment at DCPP, can 

be compared, as a small fraction, to recent spawning stock estimates of 388,000 MT of northern 

anchovy in the region from San Francisco to Punta Baja, Mexico (Jacobson et al. 1997). The 

estimated losses by weight are calculated, using the average areas to determine PM (Section 

5.2.3.6), as a proportion ofthe larger stock assessment area of 231,192 km2 (Figure 5.23-8). 

The spawning stock biomass is multiplied by the product of this proportion and PM . For the 

1997-1998 and 1998-1999 analysis periods, these losses are conservatively estimated, assuming 

no compensation, as 0.61 MT and 1.16 MT (based on mean larval duration) and 0.88 MT and 

1.90 MT (based on maximum larval duration), respectively. 

By comparison, approximately 1,185 MT of northern anchovy were landed in the Monterey Bay 

National Marine Sanctuary-wetfish (whole fish) fishery in 1995 (Starr et al. 1998). During 1980 

to 1988, the price paid for anchovy landed by the U.S. non-reduction wetfish (other than live 

bait) fishery averaged S288/MT (Leet et al. 1992). In 1988, the price for anchovy sold in the 

reduction wetfish (processed for meal) fishery was S32/MT (Leet et al. 1992). 

Estimates of AEL can be converted to direct reductions ofthe standing stock by converting them 

to units of biomass (e.g., kilograms of northern anchovy). Estimating that the average weight ofa 

northern anchovy from the live bait and wetfish fisheries is 19 g (estimated from Clark and 

Phillips 1952) and assuming that this represents an average weight of an adult in the population at 

large, AEL estimates (43,200 in 1996-97 and 120,000 in 1997-98) translate to a maximum 

estimatedweight ot 1.92 MT. These can be further translated into an annualized reduction ofthe 

estimated standing stock (388,000 MT; Jacobson et al. 1995, 1997) of <0.001%. These adult 

equivalents are assigned the average age ofa recruit (2 yr), so this annualized reduction 

necessarily assumes that all ofthe standing stock was 2 yr of age. Since it is likely that the 

average age in the standing stock is somewhat greater than the youngest recruits, this percent 

reduction is likely an underestimate ofthe loss to the 2 yr old cohort present in the standing stock. 

TENERA E9-055.0 5-104 Final 316(b) Demonstration 

March 1.2000 
P.22 

5.2.3 Northern Anchovy 

It is noteworthy that not only are AEL estimated losses similar to PM -based losses in northern 

anchovy biomass, but also, when estimates are aligned to age 2 (Section 4.43.1), FH gives 

similar results. Assuming a linear population decline, an estimated average age of female 

anchovies (FH) is one third ofthe age from maturity to longevity, 2.33 yr. Using a natural 

mortality estimate of Z = 0.0031 d"1, the numbers (AEL = 2FH= 89,400) and biomass lost is 

estimated as 130,000 fish and 2.08 MT. 

One method of interpreting population lost to entrainment converts their estimated weight into 

dollars using the fishery value of S288/MT reported in Leet et al. (1992). The predicted 

rm i ,1 

equivalent adult losses using 2 MT would men be valued at $576 annually. Another approach 

would be to compare the weight of equivalent adults (approximately 2 MT) widi that ofthe most 

recent catch landed in the Morro Bay area, which was approximately 23 MT in 1997 (Figure 

5.23-1). [CDF&G records included no northern anchovy catch at eidier Morro Bay area port for 

either 1995-96 or 1998 although northern anchovy were caught and sold as live bait during these 

years]. A fractional comparison of annual AEL with the 1997 catch statistics indicates that 

potential losses as a result of DCPP, conservatively assuming 100% catchability ofthe equivalent 

adults, equaled approximately 10% ofthe 1997 Morro Bay area catch. Aldiough PM -based 

results produce a similar proportion of Morro Bay area catch, when applied to die population 

from San Francisco to Punta Baja, Mexico, the loss is insignificant, less than 0.001%. In addition, 

harvesting parameters such as selectivity, catchability, and fishing effort indicate that this 

estimate is likely conservative further reducing die impact to the fishery. 

TENERA E9-055.0 5-105 Final 316(b) Demonstration 

March 1.2000 
5.2.3 Northern Anchovy 

Table 5.2.3-1. Estimated total annual entrainment (ET ) of northern anchovy 

larvae at the DCPP intake structure for the three analysis periods with their 

standard errors (SE(ET)). 

Analysis Period ET SE(ET) 

1) Oct 23, 1996-Sep30, 1997 26,600,000 1,510,000 

2) Octl, 1997-Sep30,1998 104,000,000 7,320,000 

3) Jul I,1997-Jun30, 1998 104,000,000 7,320,000 

Table 5.23-2. Estimated total annual adjusted entrainment (EAdj_T) of northern 

anchovy larvae at the DCPP intake structure for die three analysis periods with 

their standard errors (SE(EMJ_r )). 

Analysis Period EAdJ_T SE(EAdJ_T) 

1) Oct 23, 1996-Sep30, 1997 136,000,000 7,690,000 

2) Octl,1997-Sep30, 1998 376,000,000 26,500,000 

3) Jul I,1997-Jun30, 1998 377,000,000 26,500,000 

TENERA E9-055.0 5-106 Final 316(b) Demonstration 

March 1,2000 
P.24 

5.2.3 Northem Anchovy 

Table 5.23-3. Survivorship of northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax): a) Age-specific fecundity 

schedule (Mx = natality rate; Lx = survivorship) and b) stage-specific life-history parameters 

(Z=instantaneous daily mortality; S=finite survival rate) modified from Butler et al. (1993). 

a) 

b) 

Age (yr) 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

Mx 

22,500 

93,500 

195,000 

280,000 

328,000 

328,000 

328,000 

Lx 

1,000 

468 

216 

102 

48 

22 

10 

MXLX 

22,500,000 

43,800,000 

42,000,000 

28,600,000 

15,700,000 

7,210,000 

3,280,000 

Stage z

best 

Stage 

duration 

(d) Age(d) 

Duration 

modified by 

DCPP data Sbest 

Early larva 

Late larva 

Early juvenile 

Late Juvenile 

Pre-recruit 

0.286 

0.0719 

0.0141 

0.00440 

0.00310 

12 

45 

62 

80 

287 

18.5 

63.5 

125.5 

205.5 

492.5 

9.44 

45 

62 

80 

287 

Survivorship from entrainment to recruitment: 0.000318 

CVbest 

Egg 0.231 2.9 2.9 

Yolk-sac larva 0.366 3.6 6.5 3.6 

Early larva 0.286 12 18.5 2.56 

Survivorship from egg to entrainment: 

0.512 

0.268 

0.481 

0.0660 

0.0671 

0.0393 

0.417 

0.703 

0.411 

0.142 

0.240 

0.071 

0.329 

0.427 

0.239 

0.0328 

0.0882 

TENERA E9-055.0 5-107 Final 316(b) Demonstration 

March 1.2000 
P.25 

5.2.3 Northern Anchovy 

Table 5.23-4. Estimated number of northern anchovy adult females (FH) whose 

reproductive output was equivalent to the adjusted number of larvae entrained per year 

(EAdj_T) at Diablo Canyon Power Plant including the standard error ofthe estimate 

(SE(FH)) and 90% confidence limits (C.L.). 

Analysis Period 

Upper 90% Lower 

FH SE(FH) C.L. 90% C.L. 

1) Oct23, 1996-Sep30, 1997 16,100 57,300 5,630,000 46 

2) Oct l,1997-SeP30, 1998 

3) Jul 1, 1997-Jun30, 1998 

44,700 159,000 15,600,000 128 

44,700 159,000 15,600,000 128 

Table 5.23-5. Northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax): Sensitivity analysis for FH from 

the three analysis periods recalculated for each model input parameter (ff): EAdj,T ± 

1.645 SE(ff); other parameters are 0.e±i-645CV0) wne re CV( ff ) = 1.0 or 100%. 

a) Analysis Period 1: October 1, 1996-September 30, 1997 

Parameter 

FH = 

E 

^•Aqj-T 

S

 egg 

S yolk-sac 

S larvae 

# Eggs/yr 

Longevity 

Maturation 

Estimate 

16,100 

136,000,000 

0.512 

0.268 

0.481 

102,000 

4 

1.5 

Minimum 

14,600 

8,240 

4,310 

7,750 

3,110 

6,190 

12,400 

Recalculated FH 

Maximum 

17,600 

83,400 

83,400 

83,400 

83,400 

32,200 

40,300 

Range 

3,000 

75,200 

79,100 

75,700 

80,300 

26,000 

27,900 

TENERA E9-055.0 5-108 Final 316(b) Demonstration 

March 1,2000 
P.26 

5.2.3 Northem Anchovy 

Table 5.23-5 (continued). Northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax): Sensitivity analysis 

for FH from the three analysis periods recalculated for each model input parameter (ff): 

EAdj_T ± 1.645 SE(ff); other parameters are Q.e±\MKV(0) w he r e CV( ff) = 1.0 or 100%. 

b) Analysis Period 2: October 1, 1997-September 30, 1998 

Parameter 

TH = 

pAdj-T 

S

 egg 

S yolk-sac 

S larvae 

# Eggs/yr 

Longevity 

Maturation 

Estimate 

= 44,600 

376,000,000 

0.512 

0.268 

0.481 

102,000 

4 

1.5 

Minimum 

39,500 

22,800 

12,000 

21,500 

8,620 

17,200 

34,300 

Recalculated FH 

Maximum 

49,800 

231,000 

231,000 

231,000 

231,000 

89,300 

112,000 

Range 

10,300 

208,000 

219,000 

210,000 

223,000 

72,100 

77,300 

c) Analysis Period 3: July 1,1997-June 30,1998 

Parameter 

FH = 

E 

^Adj-T 

S

 egg 

S yolk-sac 

S larvae 

# Eggs/yr 

Longevity 

Maturation 

Estimate 

•* 44,700 

377,000,000 

0.512 

0.268 

0.481 

102,000 

4 

1.5 

Minimum 

39,500 

22,900 

12,000 

21,500 

8,620 

17,200 

34,400 

Recalculated FH 

Maximum 

49,900 

232,000 

232,000 

232,000 

232,000 

89,400 

112,000 

Range 

10,300 

209,000 

220,000 

210,000 

223,000 

72,200 

77,300 

TENERA E9-055.0 5-109 Final 316(b) Demonstration 

March 1.2000 
P.27 

5.2.3 Northern Anchovy 

Table 5.23-6. Estimated number of equivalent northern anchovy adults (AEL) equal to 

the adjusted number of larvae entrained per year (EAdj_T) at Diablo Canyon Power Plant 

including the standard error ofthe estimate (SE(AEL)) and 90% confidence limits 

(C.L.). 

Analysis Period 

^ Upper 90% Lower 

AEL SE(AEL) C.L. 90% C.L. 

1) Oct 23, 1996-Sep30, 1997 

2) Octl, 1997-Sep30, 1998 

3) Jul 1, 1997-Jun30, 1998 

43,200 160,000 19,300,000 97 

120,000 444,000 53,400,000 268 

120,000 444,000 53,500,000 268 

Table 5.23-7. Northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax): Sensitivity analysis of AEL from 

the three analysis periods recalculated for each model input parameter (ff): EAdJ_T ± 

1.645 SE(ff); other parameters are ff.e

±x "WW where CV( ff )= 1.0 or 100%. 

a) Analysis Period 1: October 1, 1996-September 30, 1997 

Parameter 

AEL = 

PAJJ-T 

S early larvae 

S late larvae 

S early 

juvenile 

S juv. I 

S pre-recruit 

Estimate 

43,200 

136,000,000 

0.0671 

0.0393 

0.417 

0.703 

0.411 

Minimum 

39,100 

8,330 

8,330 

8,330 

8,330 

8,330 

Recalculated AEL 

Maximum 

47,200 

224,000 

224,000 

103,000 

61,400 

105,000 

Range 

8,050 

215,000 

215,000 

95,100 

53,000 

96,800 

TENERA E9-055.0 5-110 Final 316(b) Demonstration 

March 1,2000 
P.28 

5.2.3 Northern Anchovy 

Table 5.23-7 (continued). Northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax): Sensitivity analysis 

of AEL from the three analysis periods recalculated for each model input parameter (ff): 

P-Adj-r ± l-64^ SEW) J other parameters are ffe±x M5CyW where CV(ff)= 1.0 or 100%. 

b) Analysis Period 2: October 1, 1997-September 30, 1998 

Parameter 

AEL = 

E 

^Adj-T 

S early larvae 

S late larvae 

S early 

juvenile 

S juv. J 

S pre-recruit 

Estimate 

120,000 

376,000,000 

0.0671 

0.0393 

0.417 

0.703 

0.411 

Minimum 

106,000 

23,100 

23,100 

23,100 

23,100 

23,100 

Recalculated AEL 

Maximum 

134,000 

620,000 

620,000 

287,000 

170,000 

291,000 

Range 

27,700 

597,000 

597,000 

264,000 

147,000 

268,000 

c) Analysis Period 3: July 1, 1997-June 30,1998 

Parameter 

AEL = 

E 

^Adj-T 

S early larvae 

S late larvae 

S early 

juvenile 

S juv. I 

S pre-recruit 

Estimate 

120,000 

377,000,000 

0.0671 

0.0393 

0.417 

0.703 

0.411 

Minimum 

106,000 

23,100 

23,100 

23,100 

23,100 

23,100 

Recalculated AEL 

Maximum 

134,000 

621,000 

621,000 

287,000 

170,000 

292,000 

Range 

27,700 

598,000 

598,000 

264,000 

147,000 

269,000 

TENERA E9-055.0 5-111 Final 316(b) Demonstration 

March 1.2000 
P.29 

1 

I 

5.2.3 Northern Anchovy 

Table 5.23-8. Northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax): Monthly estimates of proportional 

entrainment (PE, ), the annual proportion of larvae hatched in the hh survey period {fj), and 

their associated standard errors (SE). 

a) Analysis Period 3: July 1, 1997-June 30, 1998 

Survey Start Date 

Jul 21, 1997 

Aug 25, 1997 

Sep 29, 1997 

Oct 20, 1997 

Nov 17, 1997 

Dec 10, 1997 

Jan 22, 1998 

Feb 26, 1998 

Mar 18, 1998 

Apr 15, 1998 

May 18, 1998 

Jun 8, 1998 

PE, 

0.000310 

0.000310 

0.000730 

0.000840 

0.000270 

0.000620 

0.00186 

0 

0.000080 

0.000380 

0.000390 

0.00148 

SE{PE,) 

0.000320 

0.000310 

0.000330 

0.000320 

0.000190 

0.000260 

0.000970 

0 

0.0000400 

0.000140 

0.0000800 

0.000390 

fi 

0.00474 

0.0102 

0.00822 

0.00768 

0.00574 

0.0238 

0.468 

0.00219 

0.155 

0.103 

0.198 

0.0131 

SP{f) 

0.000730 

0.000790 

0.000870 

0.00150 

0.00169 

0.00155 

0.0131 

0.000310 

0.00584 

0.00412 

0.00697 

0.00101 

b) Analysis Period 4: July 1, 1998-June 30, 1999 

Survey Start Date 

Jul 21,1998 

Aug 26, 1998 

Sep 16,1998 

Oct 6, 1998 

Nov 11, 1998 

Dec 9, 1998 

Jan 12, 1999 

Feb 3, 1999 

Mar 17, 1999 

Apr 14, 1999 

May 24, 1999 

Jun 23, 1999 

PE, 

0.000400 

0.0010 

0 

0 

0 

0.000580 

0.00200 

0.0102 

0 

0 

0.00208 

0 

SE(PE,) 

0.000210 

0.000220 

0 

0 

0 

0.000590 

0.00153 

0.0117 

0 

0 

0.00156 

0 

/ 

0.170 

0.431 

0.00863 

0 

0 

0.0582 

0.137 

0.0547 

0 

0 

0.140 

0 

SP{f) 

0.0176 

0.0204 

0.00353 

0 

0 

0.0103 

0.0175 

0.00987 

0 

0 

0.0154 

0 

TENERA E9-055.0 5-112 Final 316(b) Demonstration 

March 1,2000 
5.2.3 Northern Anchovy 

P.30 

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Northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) landings in the Morro Bay Area 

40 _ 

35 _ 

u 

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Years 

Figure 5.23-1. Commercial landings of northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) at the ports in the 

Morro Bay Area between 1975 and 1997 (source: CDF&G Database). 

TENERA E9-055.0 5-113 Final 316(b) Demonstration 

March 1,2000 
P.31 

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TENERA E9-055.0 5-114 Final 316(b) Demonstration 

March 1.2000 
5.2.3 Northern Anchovy 

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TENERA E9-055.0 5-115 Final 316(b) Demonstration 

March 1,2000 
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E 

2.7 

2.4 

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1.8 

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Depth Contours 

""• 20 meters 

»i» 40 meters 

• — • 60 meters 

Point Buchon 

DCPP Intake 

Point San Luis 

Jan. 22, '98 Feb. 26, '98 Mar. 18, '98 Apr. 15, "98 May 18. '98 Jun. 8, '98 

Figure 5.2.3-3b (continued). Mean larval density (#/m3) collected in the DCPP study grid cells and at die entrainment sampling location. 
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z 

m 

m 

S 

tn 

or 

V 

3 

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0.9 

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Depth Contours 

——« 20 meters 

« — • 40 meters 

'•BB B 60 meters 

Point Buchon 

DCPP Intake 

Point San Luis 

Jul. 20, '98 Aug. 25. '98 Sep. 15, '98 Oct. 5. '98 Nov 10, '98 Dec. 8, '98 

Figure 5.2.3-3c (continued). Mean larval density (#/W) collected in the DCPP study grid cells and at the entrainment sampling location. 

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Depth Contours 

H ' * 20 meters 

• — » 40 meters 

^^m 60 meters 

Point Buchon 

DCPP Intake 

Point San Luis 

Jan. 11, '99 Feb. 2, *99 Mar. 16, '99 Apr. 13, '99 May 23, '99 Jun 22, '99 

Figure 5.2.3-3d (continued). Mean larval density (tf/m1) collected in the DCPP study grid cells and at the entrainment sampling location. o 

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5.2.3 Northern Anchovy 

Northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) 

N= 2,546 

m 2 0 • 

O 

c 

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Length Category (mm) 

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4 S 

1

 1 ' • • 1 • • • 1 • • • 1 • ' • 1 ' ' • 1 • • • 1 r-rn — 

1 2 1 6 2 0 2 4 2 8 3 2 3 6 <* •* » 

Estimated age (days) 

Figure 5.2.3-4. Length frequency of all measured larval fish collected in the entrainment 

samples. Minimum, median, mean, maximum, and central 98% ofthe larval lengths are noted. 

X-axis scale is not continuous at larger lengths. 

TENERA E9-055.0 5-119 Final 316(b) Demonstration 

March 1,2000 

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P 

t 99% 

~ T ^ . . „__ 

1.0 3.5 6.0 8.5 11.0 13.5 16.0 18.5 21.0 23.5 *<3&t 

nl 

Max 

IIUIIIIl LU W. 

>. 

« 10" 

c 

CO 

3 

O" 

0J 

c 

0J 5" 

CJ 

0J 

0 . 

Grid: N=5,432 

Min 

1% 

Median Mean 

99% 

X - Jllimiiu 

Max 

UOf *¥* ^ * 

l!o a 5 6lo 8!5 11.0 13.5 16.0 18.5 21.0 23.5^$ £ 

Length Category (mm) 

I 

I 

I 

Figure 5.2.3-5. Length frequency of measured fish from entrainment surveys that paired with 

grid surveys (both years combined). Minimum, median, mean, maximum, and central 98% ofthe 

larval lengths are noted. X-axis scale is not continuous at larger lengths. 

TENERA E9-055.0 5-120 Final 316(b) Demonstration 

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5.2.3 Northern Anchovy 

S.E.) Mea

n Densit

y (#/m

3 +/-

0.48 — 

0.44 - r 

0.40-E 

0.36- = 

0.32 ~E 

0.28- r 

0.24- = 

0.20- f 

0.16~= 

0.12- = 

0.04 -**= 

o.oo-E 

-0.04- = 

-0.08 — 

1 

Northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) 

I 

> • 

i 

-

IIIII I 

990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 

Year 

i 

i 

1996 

! 

I 

1997 

i 

I 

1998 

Figure 5.23-6. Annual mean density +/- 2 standard errors (vertical lines) and grand mean 

density for all years combined (horizontal line) for the Intake Cove surface plankton tows. The 

annual mean densities are based on seven consecutive months of data (December through June) 

except for 1990, which had only five months (February through June). 

TENERA E9-055.0 5-121 Final 316(b) Demonstration 

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5.2.3 Northern Anchovy 

Northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) - mean duration 

0.10 -

o.os 

o.oe 

0.0 7 

o.oejf o.os -

o.o*-

0.03 -

0.0 2 -

0.01 — 

o.ooAnalysis Period 3: Jul 1997-Jun 1998 

Estimate 

90% C.l. 

Densit y 

Extrapolated •=»• 

Pu = 0.000575 ±0.0277 

Ox Sx lO x 1Sx 20 x 2B x SOx 3Sx 40 x 

O k m 8 7 k m 17 4 k m 28 1 k m 34 7 k m 43 4 k m 82 1 k m BOS k m 80 S k m 

Six * o f Populatio n Relativ e t o Stud y Oli d 

Equivalen t Dlstano e Alongsnor e 

Northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) - mean duration 

o.ioo.ooo.oeo.oro.oe 

£ o.oe -

0.04 -

0.0 3 

0.0 2 

0.01 -

o.ooAnalysis Period 4: Jul 1998-Jun 1999 

Densit y 

Extrapolate d F>» Estimate 

90% Cl. 

P/u = 0.00205 ± 0.0730 

2 Sx SOx 

4 3 4 k m 82 1 k m 

Siz e o r Populatio n Relativ e t o Stud y Gri d 

Equivalen t Distanc e Alongahor a 

SBx 

SOB k m 

4 0 x 

8 8 8 k m 

Figure 5.23-7a. Total annual entrainment mortality (Pu) and 90% confidence interval (C.I.) as 

a function of die reciprocal of die fraction ofthe population at risk and contained in the study grid 

(jps) used to approximate me extent ofthe study grid population based on offshore extrapolation 

of study grid abundance extended alongshore using bodi onshore and alongshore current movements wim the 90% CI. indicated. 

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5.2.3 Northern Anchovy 

Northem anchovy (Engraulis mordax) - maximum duration 

Analysis Period 3: Jul 1997-Jun 1998 

Density Extrapolated Ps off scale 

MPs = 684 

Pu = 0.0000786 i 0.0277 

Estimate 

90% C.l. 

Ox 8 x lO x 1Bx 20 x 28 x SOx SSx 40 x 

O k m 8 7 k m 17 4 k m 28 1 k m 34 7 k m 43 4 k m S2 1 k m 80 8 k m 80 S k m 

Siz e o f Populatio n Relativ e t o Stud y Ort d 

Equivalen t Distanc e Alongahor e 

Northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) - maximum duration 

0.24 0 -

0.21 8 

O.102 -

0.18 8 — 

0.14 4 

0.12 0 — 

O.OB8 -

0.07 2 ~ 

0.04 8 

0.02 4 — 

O.OOO — 

Analysis Period 4: Jul 1998-Jun 1999 

Density Extrapolated Ps off scale 

MPs • 455 

PM = 0.000201 ± 0.0730 

Estimate 

90% C.l. 

Ox Bx "I Ox 10 x 20 x 2B x SOx SSx 40 x 

O k m 8 7 k m 17 4 k m 28 1 k m 34 7 k m 43 4 k m B2 1 k m 80 8 k m 80 6 k m 

Siz e o f Populatio n Relativ e t o Stud y Gri d 

Equivalen t Dlatano e Alongahor e 

Figure 5.2.3-7b. Total annual entrainment mortality (Pu) and 90% confidence interval (C.I.) as 

a function of me reciprocal ofthe fraction ofthe population at risk and contained in the study grid 

(jps) used to approximate the extent ofthe study grid population based on offshore extrapolation 

of study grid abundance extended alongshore using both onshore and alongshore current 

movements with die 90% CI. indicated. 

TENERA E9-055.0 5-123 Final 316(b) Demonstration 

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5.2.3 Northern Anchovy 

231192 SqKm 

100 0 100 200 Kilometers 

Figure 5.23-8. PFMC management area containing the spawning biomass ofthe central 

subpopulation ofthe northem anchovy. 

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P.42 

Blank Page 
P.43 

5.2.4 Rockfishes 

5.2.4 Assessment of Target Taxa in the Family Scorpaenidae 

Rockfishes (Sebastes spp.) belong to the family Scorpaenidae that contains two other genera: the 

scorpionfishes (Scorpaena spp.) and the thornyheads (Sebastolobus spp.). Scorpaenidae comprise 

the largest number of commercially and recreationally important California marine fish species. 

They are also abundant in nearshore California habitats and play important trophic and ecological 

roles in these communities. They comprise a large component ofthe shallow subtidal fish 

community, ranging from nearshore coastal habitats (e.g., kelp forests) to the continental shelf. 

Adult California scorpionfish (Scorpaena guttata) are reported as far north as Santa Cruz, 

California, but adults are most common in waters south of Point Conception where they are an 

important component ofthe sport and commercial catch between Santa Monica Bay and San 

Diego, California (Leet et al. 1992; Love 1996). No California scorpionfish larvae were entrained 

at DCPP during die study. Commercial landings of rockfishes (Sebastes spp.) have historically 

included fishes in the genus Sebastolobus (thornyheads) represented by two species: the 

shortspine thornyhead (Sebastolobus alascanus) and the longspine thornyhead (S. altivelis). Until 

recently (mid-1980's), most rockfishes and thornyheads were landed together in a single market 

category, but they now are reported separately (Starr et al. 1998). Few thornyheads were 

entrained during the study at DCPP (Appendix H). The rockfishes (Sebastes spp.) are the most 

diverse genus in the Scorpaenidae with some 62 species reported from California coastal waters 

(Starr et al. 1998), approximately 85% of which are harvested in California commercial or sport 

fisheries. 

Reproductive capacity of rockfishes is directly related to size, with larger females carrying 

significantly more eggs than smaller females. Rockfishes are viviparous with internal fertilization 

(Yoklavich et al. 1996), and the female retains the eggs until she extrudes hundreds to millions 

(e.g., Sebastes paucispinis; Moser 1967) of eyed, live larvae (Bloeser 1999). The larvae and 

juveniles can remain in the plankton from 1 mo to approximately 1 yr before settling into 

primarily benthic habitats as juveniles (Matarese et al. 1989; Moser 1996; Starr et al. 1998). This 

extended planktonic period makes environmental variation an important determinant ofthe 

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P.44 

5.2.4 Rockfishes 

population abundance of many rockfish species since their vulnerable life stages are exposed to 

potentially adverse conditions for greater periods of time. Once on the bottom, individuals of 

many species migrate to deeper water as they mature. 

Many rockfish species are closely related, and the larvae share many morphological and meristic 

characteristics, making it difficult to visually identify the individual larvae to species (Moser et 

al. 1977; Moser and Ahlstrom 1978; Baruskov 1981; Kendall and Lenarz 1987; Moreno 1993; 

Nishimoto in prep.). To standardize the identification of Sebastes spp. larvae, we collaborated 

with Mary Nishimoto at the University of California at Santa Barbara in developing a system of 

grouping rockfish larvae by pigment characters (Table 5.2.4-1; Nishimoto in prep.). 

Using this system the two most abundant pigment groupings entrained at DCPP (Sebastes spp. 

V_De and Sebastes spp. V) were genetically identified to determine die species composition of 

each proposed pigment grouping (Vetter and Stannard 1999; Appendix J). Results from these 

analyses indicated that the species contained in the Sebastes spp. V_De grouping (brown, gopher, 

copper, calico, and grass rockfishes) were genetically indistinguishable from the species 

contained in the Sebastes spp. V_D_ grouping (kelp, black-and-yellow, quillback, China, and 

halfbanded). Therefore, these two groups were combined into a single complex called the 

Sebastes spp. KGB Complex. This complex has historically been used to describe 

indistinguishable young-of-the-year (YOY) kelp forest rockfishes thought to be either kelp (K), 

gopher (G), or black-and-yellow (B) rockfishes in subtidal surveys (David VenTresca, CDF&G, 

Monterey, CA, pers. comm.). Results ofthe genetic analyses on the Sebastes spp. V grouping 

indicated that more than half of the larvae selected for analysis were blue rockfish (Sebastes 

mystinus) leading to the promotion of blue rockfish from their original pigment grouping of 

Sebastes spp. Vdp to the Sebastes spp. V group and to the subsequent designation ofa second 

complex, the Blue Rockfish Complex, used in this report to describe the Sebastes spp. V / S. 

mystinus pigment grouping. 

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P.45 

5.2.4 Rockfishes 

5.2.4.1 KGB Complex (Sebastes spp. V_De & V_DJ 

The larval rockfishes that comprise the KGB complex share pigment characteristics that make 

individual larvae difficult to identify to species (e.g., V_De and V__D_; Table 5.2.4-1). The 

primary pigment characters distinguishing this grouping from other rockfish larvae are a long 

ventral series (V_), either a long or developing dorsal series (D_ or De, respectively), and lack of 

pectoral pigmentation. Fishes that are classified into these pigment groupings also appear to be 

genetically similar (Vetter and Stannard 1999; Appendix J). Since most ofthe species in this 

complex have similar life histories and share the same adult habitats, the KGB complex can be 

considered a guild of nearshore, benthic, or epi-benthic rockfishes sharing similar ecological 

roles that form a basis for their combination into this complex above and beyond the 

morphometric and meristic similarities of their larval forms. 

Sebastes atrovirens (Jordan and Gilbert 1880); kelp rockfish; length to 42 cm; 

Timber Cove, northern California to Punta San Pablo, central Baja 

California; inshore to 46 m; olive-brown to gray brown, with darker brown 

mottling, sometimes pinkish below (Miller and Lea 1972; Eschmeyer et al. 

1983). 

The kelp rockfish is typically found near the bottom in kelp beds or among the canopy blades 

living in rocky areas of nearshore waters (common at 10 m; Moser 1996). While they may 

occasionally move into deeper water during storms (Love 1996), they generally demonstrate high 

site fidelity throughout adult life (Miller and Geibel 1973; Lea et al. 1999). Principal food items 

are crustaceans and juvenile fishes, with some of those being other rockfish juveniles (Lea et al. 

1999). 

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P.46 

5.2.4 Rockfishes 

Kelp rockfish are important in both recreational and commercial fisheries. Recreational 

fishermen regularly take kelp rockfish on hook-and-line in and around kelp beds, and sport divers 

can easily spear them because of their docile nature (Love 1996; Lea et al. 1999). Commercially, 

this species is harvested on hook-and-line, in traps, and in gill nets (Love 1996). Many of them 

are sold as whole fish, sometimes live, in fish markets (Leet et al. 1992; Starr et al. 1998; Bloeser 

1999). For the ports in the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary (MBNMS) and San 

Francisco, kelp rockfish landings have increased markedly in the last ten years, with landings 

exceeding 14,500 MT in 1995. This equals an estimated average number offish taken per year 

for the period 1980-1995 of 24,270 (Starr etal. 1998). 

Kelp rockfish fecundity ranges from 344 to 403 eggs/g (female body weight), and spawning 

occurs once during late winter to spring (MacGregor 1970; Love et al. 1990; Moser 1996). The 

reproductive period lasts about 7 mo (Lea et al. 1999) and parturition occurs in April and May 

(Moreno 1993). Larval kelp rockfish are extruded at around 4.0 mm (Moser 1996). Young-ofthe-year (YOY) first appear under nearshore kelp canopies from July through August and then as 

schooling fish in the water column from August through October. Lengths of YOY range from 20 

to 40 mm total length (TL; Lea et al. 1999). 

Longevity for the kelp rockfish is estimated at 15-20 yr (Burge and Schultz 1973; Lea et al. 

1999; Ralph Larson, CSU San Francisco, pers. comm.). These ages are validated for fish up to 

about 5 yr and assumed to be accurate for older fish (Lea et al. 1999). The smallest sexually 

mature male was 246 mm TL at 4 yr, and the largest immature male was 338 mm TL (not aged; 

Lea et al. 1999). The smallest sexually mature female was 218 mm TL at 5 yr, and the largest 

immature female was 320 mm TL at 7 yr (Lea et al. 1999). Females attain 50% maturity at 4-5 yr 

and 100% maturity at 6-7 yr (Bloeser 1999). 

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P.47 

5.2.4 Rockfishes 

Sebastes camatus (Jordan and Gilbert 1880); gopher rockfish; length to 30 cm; 

Eureka, northern California to San Roque, central Baja California; inshore to 

55 m; brownish to olive, mottled with pale areas, flesh-colored to slightly 

whitish areas on back (Miller and Lea 1972; Eschmeyer et al. 1983). 

Gopher rockfish are benthic as adults, often found in crevices down to 55 m depth (Moser 1996). 

They appear to be very residential (Lea et al. 1999), but other evidence shows that they 

occasionally move over short distances to inhabit artificial reefs (Matthews 1986). Small fish eat 

zooplankton and larger fish eat benthic items like crustaceans, fishes (up to 80% YOY 

rockfishes), and octopi (Love 1996; Lea et al. 1999). 

Gopher rockfish have both recreational and commercial fishery value. Recreational and 

commercial fishermen typically take gopher rockfish on hook-and-line while fishing for other 

species (Love 1996). Many of them are sold whole, sometimes live, in fish markets (Leet et al. 

1992; Starr et al. 1998; Bloeser 1999). For the MBNMS ports and San Francisco, the gopher 

rockfish has shown variable landings over the past two decades. Landings exceeded 100,000 MT 

from 1980-81, declined to almost negligible landings by 1991, and then rapidly increased to 

greater than 118,200 MT in 1992. By 1995, landings exceeded 136,400 MT (Starr et al. 1998) 

possibly reflecting the increased effort in the live-fish fishery (Bloeser 1999). An estimated 

average number of gopher rockfish taken in recreational fisheries per year for the period 1980— 

1995 was 95,200 (Starr et al. 1998). 

Gopher rockfish fecundity ranges from 176-307 eggs/g female weight, and spawning occurs 

once per season in spring (MacGregor 1970; Wyllie Echeverria 1987; Moser 1996). The 

reproductive period lasts 10 mo (Lea et al. 1999), and parturition occurs in March-May (Moreno 

1993). Planktonic duration is approximately 2-3 mo (Larson 1980). Metamorphosing juveniles 

TENERA E9-055.0 5-129 Final 316(b) Demonstration 

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P.48 

5.2.4 Rockfishes 

first appear in nearshore habitats in mid- to late-June (Larson 1980). YOY first appear associated 

with nearshore reefs in July and August at 20 to 40 mm TL (Lea et al. 1999). 

Longevity for the gopher rockfish-was estimated at 24 yr (Lea et al. 1999). Age estimates were 

validated for fish up to about 5 yr and assumed to be accurate for older fish (Lea et al. 1999). The 

24 yr old (316 mm TL) tagged fish reported by Lea et al. (1999) grew only 4 mm in nearly 11 

years between capture dates. A 15 yr old tagged fish (282 mm TL) grew 10 mm TL in 6.7 yr 

between capture dates (Lea et al. 1999). The smallest sexually mature male in their study was 237 

mm TL at 10 yr, and the largest immature male was 237 mm TL at 10 yr (Lea et al. 1999). The 

smallest sexually mature female was 207 mm TL (not aged), and the largest immature female 

was 306 mm TL at 9 yr (Lea et al. 1999). Females are estimated to attain 50% maturity at 4 yr 

(Wyllie Echeverria 1987; Bloeser 1999). 

Sebastes chrysomelas (Jordan and Gilbert 1881); black-and-yellow rockfish; 

length to 39 cm; Eureka, northern California to Isla Natividad, central 

Baja Califomia; intertidal to 37 m; mostly blackish or olive-brown, with 

large irregular yellow areas on back, paler below (Miller and Lea 1972; 

Eschmeyer et al. 1983). 

Black-and-yellow rockfish typically inhabit holes and crevices in rocky areas and can be found 

up into the intertidal zone (Eschmeyer et al. 1983). They appear to be very residential (Lea et al. 

1999), and short-range homing has been demonstrated (Hallacher 1984). Benthic organisms 

comprise a majority ofthe diet with crustaceans making up the largest proportion (89%; Lea et al. 

1999). Ofthe rockfishes studied by Lea et al. (1999), black-and-yellow rockfish exhibited the 

greatest diversity of prey items. 

TENERA E9-055.0 5-130 Final 316(b) Demonstration 

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P.49 

5.2.4 Rockfishes 

Black-and-yellow rockfish are important to both recreational and commercial fisheries. 

Recreational and commercial fishermen typically take black-and-yellow rockfish on hook-andline while fishing for other species (Love 1996). Many of them are sold whole, sometimes live, in 

fish markets (Leet et al. 1992; Starr et al. 1998; Bloeser 1999). For the MBNMS ports and San 

Francisco, the commercial landings for black-and-yellow rockfish increased from no landings 

between 1980 and 1991 (except 1987 where 30.8 MT were landed) to greater than 24.5 MT by 

1995 (Starr et al. 1998). This increase may reflect the increasing effort directed at the live-fish 

fishery along the California coast (Bloeser 1999). The estimated average number of black-andyellow rockfish taken annually in the northern California sport fishery during the period 1980— 

1995 was 24,860 (Starr et al. 1998). 

Parturition timing and early development of black-and-yellow rockfish is similar to that of other 

species in the KGB complex. Black-and-yellow rockfish spawn between February and May 

(Larson 1980; Wyllie Echeverria 1987), and larvae are released annually (Lea et al. 1999). YOY 

have been observed in kelp beds in July and August at ca. 20 to 30 mm TL (Lea et al. 1999). 

Longevity for the black-and-yellow rockfish was estimated at 21 yr (Lea et al. 1999). Age 

estimates were validated for fish up to about 5 yr and assumed to be accurate for older fish (Lea 

et al. 1999). Highest assigned age was 15 yr at 252 mm TL by Burge and Schultz (1973). The 

smallest sexually mature male was 239mm TL at 4 yr, while the largest immature male was 301 

mm TL at 9 yr (Lea et al. 1999). The smallest sexually mature female was 243 mm TL at 6 yr and 

the largest immature female was 270 mm TL at 7 yr (Lea et al. 1999). Females are estimated to 

attain 50% maturity at 3 yr and 100% maturity at 4 yr (Wyllie Echeverria 1987; Bloeser 1999). 

Other members ofthe KGB complex 

Most members ofthe KGB complex dwell on or near the bottom of nearshore kelp beds and 

rocky reefs with peak abundance found at less than 50 to 100 m depth (Love 1996). The notable 

exception to this distribution is the halfbanded rockfish (Sebastes semicinctus), which is 

commonly observed on hard and soft, flat bottom habitat in waters up to 402 m deep (Miller and 

TENERA E9-055.0 - 5-131 Final 316(b) Demonstration 

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P.50 

5.2.4 Rockfishes 

Lea 1972; Eschmeyer et al. 1983; Love 1996). Geographic ranges for all members of this group 

begin off central Baja California, Mexico, with the exception of quillback and China rockfishes 

(Miller and Lea 1972; Eschmeyer et al. 1983; Love 1996). These latter two species begin their 

distribution near San Miguel Island off southern California (Miller and Lea 1972; Eschmeyer et 

al. 1983; Love 1996). The northern distribution of this group ranges from Monterey Bay and San 

Francisco, California for halfbanded and calico, and to the northern Gulf of Alaska for brown, 

copper, and China rockfishes (Miller and Lea 1972; Eschmeyer et al. 1983; Love 1996). Fishes 

with the most northerly distributions in this group typically attain the greatest total lengths and 

ages for the complex. Brown, copper, quillback, and grass rockfishes can attain maximum 

lengths of >50 cm (Miller and Lea 1972; Eschmeyer et al. 1983). This is also true for estimated 

longevity. Copper and quillback rockfishes may reach 41 yr and 76 yr, respectively, in the 

Canadian fishery (Yamanaka and Kronlund 1997). The smallest and shortest living rockfish of 

this group is the calico rockfish diat attains a total length of 25 cm and has an estimated longevity 

of about 12 yr (Chen 1971; Miller and Lea 1972; Eschmeyer et al. 1983). The calico rockfish also 

has the lowest fecundity recorded in the KGB complex at about 2,000 eggs per female at 50% 

maturity but ranging to as high as 113,000 eggs per female (Haldorson and Love 1991). The most 

fecund rockfish from this group is the grass rockfish with about 760,000 eggs for a 26 cm female 

(Love and Johnson 1999). The highest age range at 50% maturity is 6-11 yr for quillback 

rockfish (Wyllie Echeverria 1987; Yamanaka and Kronlund 1997). 

Little is known about the planktonic duration or natural mortality ofthe fish in the KGB complex. 

Planktonic duration was estimated for brown, calico, and gopher rockfishes at about 3 mo, 1-2 

mo, and 2-3 mo, respectively (Larson 1980; Moser and Butler 1981; Matarese et al. 1989; D. 

Woodbury, NOAA, Tiburon Laboratories, pers. comm.). There are no published estimates of egg 

or larval survivorship for the species in the KGB complex. 

The KGB complex formed a large part ofthe rockfish numbers in both the larval entrainment 

surveys (Appendix H) and subtidal fish surveys (Tenera 1997c) along the Diablo Canyon 

coastline. However, compared to the overall rockfish catch in California, which is comprised of 

both nearshore and offshore species, the KGB complex is a relatively minor, but increasing, 

TENERA E9-055.0 - 5-132 Final 316(b) Demonstration 

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P.51 

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5.2.4 RocCtfoshes 

component (Leet et al. 1992; Starr et al. 1998; Bloeser 1999). Nearly all members ofthe KGB 

complex, except for halfbanded rockfish, are components ofthe live-fish fishery that targets 

nearshore habitats (Leet et al. 1992; Starr et al. 1998; Bloeser 1999). Brown rockfish landings 

averaged ca. 134 MT from 1979 to 1986, or 2-4% ofthe total recreational rockfish catch in 

California (Leet et al. 1992; Starr et al. 1998). The copper rockfish has followed a similar trend at 

about 2-3% ofthe recreational rockfish landings (Leet et al. 1992; Starr et al. 1998). The average 

number of brown and copper rockfishes landed per year at MBNMS ports and San Francisco 

over the period 1980-1995 was 160,670 and 106,390, respectively (Starr et al. 1998). The only 

KGB complex species listed by Bloeser (1999) within the top ten rockfishes landed on trolling 

gear in 1997 was the China rockfish, which ranked ninth. Similarly, the only KGB complex 

species listed within the top ten rockfishes landed in 1997 using hook-and-line gear was die 

gopher rockfish, which also ranked ninth. However, in mis latter gear category, unspecified 

rockfishes ranked highest. In contrast, no KGB complex members were listed in the top ten trawl-

| caught rockfish landings that made up 88% of die west coast landings in 1997. In 1997, the 

average price for rockfish from commercial landings was varied by gear type with die lowest 

value ($0.93/kg) attributed to trawl gear and die highest ($3.15/kg) from pots and traps (Bloeser 

1999). The KGB rockfishes that ranked in the top ten landings at Monro Bay, California in 1997 

81 were grass (2), gopher (6), and black-and-yellow (8) rockfishes (ranks given in parentheses; 

m Bloeser 1999). The average price in 1999 for all KGB complex rockfishes landed in the Morro 

TM Bay area (black-and-yellow, brown, China, copper, gopher, grass, and kelp) was $7.65/kg 

(Source: PSMFC Database). 

Summary of Field Collections 

Larval rockfishes in the KGB complex showed distinct seasonal peaks of abundance at the DCPP 

intake structure during the years 1996-1999 (Appeimdlix H), with their greatest abundance 

tending to occur between March and July (Fignare 5.2.4-1). There were 17,863 larval KGB 

rockfishes identified from 774 bongo net subsamples collected at the DCPP intake structure 

between October 1996 and June 1999 representing 20% ofthe entrainment subsamples collected 

and processed during that period. An El Nino began developing during the spring of 1997 

TENERA E9-055.0 5-133 Final 316(b) Demonstration 

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P.52 

5.2.4 Rockfishes 

(NOAA 1999) and was detected along the coast of California in fall of that year (Lynn et al. 

1998). This may have affected density in 1997 compared with the previous year. This warm 

water event may also have delayed spawning slightly during die 1997-98 spawning season 

(Woodbury and Ralston 1991). 

Larval KGB rockfishes generally occurred in the DCPP study grid widi similar seasonality to diat 

observed at the DCPP intake structure (Appendix H) with peak abundance occurring in May of 

both 1998 and 1999 (Figure 5.2.4-2). There were 5,377 KGB rockfish larvae identified from 701 

bongo net subsamples representing 23% ofthe study grid subsamples collected and processed 

from July 1997-June 1999. Mean density in May of each sampling year was very similar (May 

1998: 0.29/m3; May 1999: 0.28/m3), indicating little change in abundance between the El Nifio 

and subsequent La Nina season. 

Standard lengths of all measured KGB rockfish larvae collected at the DCPP intake structure 

between October 1996 and June 1999 (9,926 larvae) ranged from a minimum of 2.4 mm to a 

maximum of 8.0 mm (Figure 5.2.4-3). The central 98% of this length-frequency distribution 

resulted in minimum and maximum lengths for die analyses of 3.3 mm and 5.6 mm, respectively. 

The mean larval length in this distribution was 4.2 mm. The growth rate applied to the KGB 

complex (0.14 mm/d) derived from Yoklavich et al. (1996) was used to estimate ages of 

entrained larvae. Assuming diat die shortest larvae ofthe central 98% of die length-frequency 

distribution was immediately post-extrusion and aged zero days, then the estimated ages of larvae 

entrained could range from zero up to ca. 34 d post-extrusion for the largest larva measured. The 

average estimated age of KGB larvae entrained at DCPP was estimated as 6 d post-extrusion. 

There were significant differences between mean lengths (/-test: p < 0.004) and between lengthfrequency distributions (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test: p < 0.001) of larval KGB rockfishes from the 

DCPP intake structure and study grid despite die appearance of similarity between the two 

unimodal distributions (Figure 5.2.4-4). The large sample size (1,282 larvae from the intake 

structure and 2,850 larvae from the study grid) could cause the /-test to be highly sensitive to 

small differences between the means (Zar 1984). The mean standard lengths from the intake 

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5.2.4 Rockfishes 

structure and study grid were 4.2 mm and 4.1 mm, respectively. The maximum difference 

between the length-frequency distributions detected by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness of fit 

•test occurred at 4.1 mm, further indicating that a greater number of small individuals were ' 

collected from the study grid. While these differences were statistically detectable and 

significant, we believe that the biological significance of these differences is low. 

Reported extrusion size for species in this complex ranges from 4.0-5.5 mm (Moser 1996). The 

fact that we observed many larvae smaller than the reported extrusion lengths can be explained 

partly by natural variation of extrusion lengths within die population and partly by the 

phenomenon of shrinkage following preservation (Theilacker 1980). If larvae less than 5.5 mm 

were zero days old, then the presently assumed aged-0 d length of 2.4 mm would lead to an 

overestimate of larval ages for those individuals with a consequent overestimation of entrainment 

mortality probability. 

Estimating Total Annual Entrainment 

Annual estimated numbers of KGB rockfish larvae entrained at DCPP varied relatively little 

between 1996-97 Analysis Period 1 (Ej = 268,000,000) and 1997-98 Analysis Period 2 (E~r = 

199,000,000) (Table 5.2.4-2). The results for analysis periods 2 and 3 are die same because the 

overlap between the periods occurred during the peak larval abundances of KGB rockfish larvae. 

Values of 2 • SE(Er) can be used to approximate 95% confidence intervals around the point 

estimates. The confidence intervals overlap for the estimates indicating that the differences 

between them were probably not statistically significant and that entrainment of these rockfish 

larvae was relatively constant between years. Therefore, reproductive output in the KGB rockfish 

complex did not appear to be substantially affected by the 1997-98 El Nino event (Figure 

5.2.4-1). 

The estimates of annually entrained KGB rockfish larvae above were adjusted (Table 5.2.4-3) to 

the long-term average Intake Cove surface plankton tow index (/ //,), calculated as the ratio 

between the 9 yr average (/ ) of Intake Cove sampling (Figure 5.2.4-5) and the average annual 

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5.2.4 Rockfishes 

index estimated from these same tows during the year being adjusted (I,). The average indices 

for the years 1997 and 1998 were 0.0703 and 0.0647 larvae/m3, respectively, and the long-term 

average index for 1990-98 was 0.0722 larvae/m3. Thus, the ratios used to adjust the 1997 and 

1998 estimates of larvae entrained were 1.027 and 1.13, respectively, indicating that larval 

density was slightly lower than the long-term average during those years. The adjustments 

resulted in an estimate of 275,000,000 for 1996-97 Analysis Period 1 and 222,000,000 for 1997-

98 Analysis Peridd 2. The same trends in overall abundance as noted for unadjusted entrainment 

values are apparent in the adjusted values: namely, larval KGB rockfish abundance changed little 

between analysis periods. Annual estimates of abundance during the study period were low 

relative to the long-term average index of larval abundance from the Intake Cove plankton tows 

as indicated by the index ratios greater than one. 

Fecundity Hindcasting (FH) 

The parameters required for the formulation of FH estimates for the KGB rockfish complex were 

compiled from references on different species within the group. Rockfish within the KGB 

complex spawn once per year. From multiple references on fecundity for various species within 

the KGB complex an average annual fecundity estimate of 213,158 eggs per female was used to 

calculate FH (DeLacy 1964: 52,000-339,000; MacGregor 1970: 44,118-104,101 and 143,156-

182,890; Love and Johnson 1999: 80,000-760,000), with a CV of 100%. From the various 

sources of infonnation on KGB complex rockfishes (Table 5.2.4-4), longevity of 15 yr and age 

at maturation of 5 yr were used to calculate FH. 

Survival of larvae from the time of release to entrainment was estimated using an instantaneous 

mortality rate of 0.14/d from blue rockfish (Mary Yoklavich, NOAA/NMFS/PFEG, Pacific 

Grove, CA, pers. comm.) over 6.21 d since no independent estimates of larval KGB rockfish 

mortality were available. This was calculated from a mean length at entrainment (4.17 mm) 

minus the minimum length ofthe central 98% ofthe length frequency distribution (3.3 mm) and 

divided by a larval growth rate for brown rockfish of 0.14 mm/d (Love and Johnson 1999; 

Yoklavich etal. 1996), as 

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5.2.4 Rockfishes 

£ =e<-°,4>

(62,> =0.419 . larvae 

The estimated number of adult KGB rockfish females (FH) whose reproductive output was 

equivalent to the adjusted number ef larvae entrained per year at DCPP ranged from 617 in 

1996-97 to 497 in 1997-98 (Table 5.2.4-5). Hindcast adult estimates differed minimally among 

the analysis periods. These fairly low values also reflected the relatively high fecundity ofthe 

adults and the young average entrainment age for the larvae in this complex. 

Sensitivity Analysis 

Fecundity had the greatest leverage on recalculated values of FH (Table 5.2.4-6). Varying this 

parameter in the model resulted in an FH range of 96-3,200 adult females among the three 

analysis periods, compared to the original estimate of 497-617 adult females. Larval survivorship 

had the next greatest amount of leverage on recalculated FH. 

Adult Equivalent Loss (AEL) 

Larval blue rockfish survival estimates were used in AEL estimates for the KGB complex 

because ofthe absence of data on later-stage survival rates in KGB rockfishes (Table 5.2.4-7). 

The survival rate ofthe KGB larvae from size at entrainment to size at recraitment into the 

fishery was partitioned into six stages from parturition to recruitment. Survivorship, to an 

assumed recruitment age of 3 yr, was apportioned into these life stages, and AEL was calculated 

assuming the entrainment ofa single age class having the average age of recruitment. 

Similar to the results seen with FH, estimates of adult equivalents lost (AEL) due to larval 

entrainment were fairly similar among survey periods (Table 5.2.4-8). The AEL of 1,120 adults 

predicted from EAdj_T at DCPP during 1996-97 reflects the slightly higher abundance of KGB 

rockfish larvae present during this year when compared to 1997-98 Analysis Period 2 (AEL = 

905). The relatively constant larval abundance and subsequent estimates of effects varied little 

among survey periods, indicating that recruitment for the species in this complex remained 

relatively constant. 

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5.2.4 Rockfishes 

Sensitivity Analysis 

Larval and juvenile survivorship had the greatest leverage on recalculated values of AEL 

(Table 5.2.4-9). Varying these parameters in the model resulted in an AEL range of 175-5,820 

adult equivalents for the 1996-97 and 1997-98 analysis periods, compared to the original 

estimate of 905-1,120 adult equivalents. Pre-recruit survivorship had the next greatest leverage 

on estimates of AEL. Varying the estimate of entrainment did not substantially change the 

original value of calculated AEL. 

Empirical Transport Model (ETM) 

The lengths of entrained KGB larvae, excluding die largest 1% and smallest 1% of all 

measurements, ranged from 3.3 to 5.6 mm. Thus, KGB larvae may have been susceptible to 

entrainment for approximately 16.4 d based on a growm rate from larval brown rockfish of 0.14 

mm/d (Love and Johnson 1999; Yoklavich et al. 1996). On average, however, entrained KGB 

rockfish larvae were estimated to be ca. 6.2 d old. 

Monthly estimates of proportional entrainment (PE,) in each ith survey ranged from a minimum 

of zero to a maximum of 0.587±0.297 (±1 SE(PE,\ ) in March 1998 (Table 5.2.4-10). When 

both PE, and the annual proportion of larvae extruded in the ith survey period (/•) were equal to 

zero, no larvae were collected at either the DCPP intake or from the study grid. Highest PE, 

values occurred in March during the peak parturition of many species in the KGB complex 

(Moser 1996). However, the highest f values typically occurred a couple of months later in 

May. The greatest PE, occurred during the 1997-98 El Niiio event when onshore water 

movement was also greatest. 

Due to the broad dispersion of KGB rockfish larvae across the study grid (Figure 5.2.4-2), Ps 

for this complex was calculated using both alongshore and onshore current movements. Current 

speed and direction, measured at the single current meter near DCPP, were used to extend the 

estimates of Ps beyond the bounds ofthe study grid (see Figure 4-3). Density of KGB larvae 

within the study grid was extended alongshore on the basis of current speed and direction 

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5.2.4 Rockfishes 

constrained by average and maximum estimates of larval duration and the width ofthe study grid 

perpendicular to the shore. The pattern of larval KGB density within the study grid was 

extrapolated offshore using onshore current movement inferred from the current meter and then 

extended alongshore. The offshore extrapolation of abundance was also modeled on the basis of 

average and maximum estimated larval durations, yielding a range of possible entrainment 

probability values. 

Total entrainment mortality probability (PM ) was calculated for estimated average and maximum 

larval duration in days based on current speed and direction measured at the single DCPP current 

meter (Figure 5.2.4-6). Both larval duration and currents were used to determine the magnitude 

of Ps . Alongshore extended estimates of PM ranged from 0.04-0.05 over both mean and 

maximum larval duration and between years indicating that PM represented a nearly constant 

probability of larval entrainment alongshore. Offshore extrapolation ofthe study grid abundance 

of KGB rockfish larvae resulted in larger \IPS values with longer larval durations and 

consequently lower PM values. Estimates of PM using offshore extrapolated abundance extended 

alongshore and based on the two larval durations ranged from approximately 0.02 in both years 

using mean duration to 0.01 in Analysis Period 3 (July 1997-June 1998) and 0.005 in Analysis 

Period 4 (July 1998-June 1999) using maximum larval duration. The differences between the 

offshore density extrapolated estimates of PM showed that while onshore transport did not play a 

significant role in the variation of\/Ps over short larval durations, its combination with different 

annual values of PE and alongshore flow did result in larger differences over longer durations. 

The average areas over which larval densities were extrapolated were more similar between 

1997-98 and 1998-99 based on mean duration (5 and 4 times the grid study area, respectively) 

than on maximum duration (23 and 30 times the grid study area, respectively). 

Interpretation of Assessment Results 

Abundance of larval, juvenile, and adult KGB rockfishes varies between years, but there are no 

apparent decreasing trends in abundance over time. Subtidal fish abundance estimates collected 

at the DCPP South Control station from 1978 to 1998 (Tenera 1997c) varied seasonally between 

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5.2.4 Rockfishes 

years with occasional peaks (Figure 5.2.4-7). The relatively stable adult and YOY abundance 

noted in the DCPP subtidal fish observation dataset is also reflected by fairly stable larval 

abundance in Intake Cove plankton tows (Figure 5.2.4-5). Thus, local abundance of all life 

stages of KGB rockfishes is not declining, indicating that larval losses due to entrainment are not 

adversely impacting the local population. 

Rockfishes in the KGB complex have both commercial and recreational fishery value (Starr et al. 

1998; Bloeser 1999; Lea et al. 1999). Commercial groundfish landings from all gear types 

reported by Pacific States Marine Fishery Council (PSMFC) in their PacFIN database for the 

years 1993-1999 show landings of black-and-yellow, gopher, and grass rockfishes in the Morro 

Bay area increasing from 1993-1996 but men decreasing and remaining relatively stable through 

1999 (Figure 5.2.4-7). These three species are the members ofthe KGB complex that ranked in 

the top ten landings at Morro Bay, California in 1997 (Bloeser 1999). The majority ofthe peak 

landings in 1996 were accounted for by a single species; the gopher rockfish (Sebastes camatus), 

but this relationship has alternated between gopher and grass rockfishes (S. rastrelliger) over 

recent years. Bloeser (1999) indicates that catches of KGB rockfishes in California have risen 

over the last 10-15 yr. Starr et al. (1998) note that while catches were stable or increasing 

between 1980-1995, abundance of many species was much higher before 1980. 

The PSMFC database provides ex-vessel prices of rockfishes landed at the ports in the Morro 

Bay area during 1999. The members ofthe KGB complex that were landed at these ports in 1999 

were the black-and-yellow rockfish ($7.05/kg), brown rockfish ($7.38/kg), gopher rockfish 

($6.84/kg), grass rockfish ($11.22/kg), kelp rockfish ($6.53/kg), China rockfish ($11.36/kg), and 

copper rockfish ($3.15/kg). Thus, the average price-per-kilogram for KGB complex rockfishes 

landed at Morro Bay area ports in 1999 was $7.65. In 1999, 64 MT (ex-vessel revenue = 

$500,000) of these rockfishes were landed in the Morro Bay area (PSMFC PacFIN database). 

Grass, gopher, black-and-yellow, and copper rockfishes represented 93% ofthe catch by weight 

and, consequently, produced the most revenue within this group of landings. Copper, grass, 

calico, and kelp rockfish accounted for 85% ofthe southern California recreational catch by 

number. 

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5.2.4 Rockfishes 

Estimates ofAEL were compared to harvest data assuming 100% catchability ofthe adult 

equivalents and assuming no compensatory mortality. These assumptions will cause an 

overestimate when directly converting AEL into fishery values (e.g., price-per-kilogram). Given 

these conditions, an estimated economic loss to the local fishery could be based on an average 

weight of 1.0 kg for a 3-yr old KGB rockfish recruiting to the live-fish fishery. The annual AEL 

estimate of 977 rockfishes translates to a potential direct economic loss of $7,474 based on the 

average price of $7.65/kg. This value represents approximately 2% ofthe ex-vessel revenue 

attributed to KGB complex rockfishes landed at ports in the Morro Bay area in 1999 (PSMFC 

PacFin Database). 

Alternatively, estimates of proportional entrainment mortality could be translated into losses to 

local fisheries. The probable effect of entrainment losses at DCPP on fisheries is likely localized 

to the ports within the Morro Bay area since most fishes in this complex demonstrate high site 

fidelity (Heilprin 1992; Lea et al. 1999). In addition, extension of effects based on alongshore 

currents and larval duration indicate that the area potentially affected is three to seven times the 

size ofthe study grid, which is likely within the range of fishers from either Port San Luis or 

Morro Bay. The estimate of entrainment mortality (PM ) is between 4-5% for this area. Applying 

this range of proportional reduction to the local catch from the Morro Bay area in 1999 yields 

estimated dollar losses to die Morro Bay area fishery of approximately $20,000. 

5.2.4.2 Blue Rockfish (Sebastes spp. V/S. mystinus) Complex 

The species that comprise the blue rockfish complex are those rockfish larvae that have a short 

ventral pigment series and no dorsal series or pectoral pigmentation. This group currently 

consists of 16 rockfish species (Table 5.2.4-1). The blue rockfish (S. mystinus) is being placed in 

this group despite its designation as a member ofthe Vdp group. The pigment characteristics of 

young blue rockfish place them in this complex because they cannot be distinguished from other 

species in the group until they develop pectoral and dorsal pigmentation. 

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5.2.4 Rockfishes 

Vetter and Stannard (1999; Appendix J) genetically identified larvae from the Sebastes spp. V 

pigment group. Their conclusions indicated that more than half of the larvae in this pigment 

group were actually blue rockfish larvae. Additional evidence supporting the fact that many of 

the individuals in this complex would be blue rockfish is that they have the earliest parturition 

that occurs in January (Wyllie Echeverria 1987; Love 1996) and corresponds to the larval 

abundance data collected at DCPP in the present study (Appendix H). These data, combined 

with the fact that young blue rockfish larvae are indistinguishable from other .rockfish larvae in 

this pigment group, ied to the designation given of Blue Rockfish Complex. 

Sebastes spp. V 

Three species from die blue rockfish complex that commonly occur off central California are 

used here to represent the demography of other species from the complex: splitnose rockfish (S. 

diploproa), greenstriped rockfish (S. elongatus), and vermilion rockfish (S. miniatus). As a late 

addition to this grouping, the blue rockfish is treated separately as a representative of this 

complex as well. In the earliest larval stages, blue rockfish resemble the other larvae in this 

pigment grouping. 

The splitnose rockfish is demersal and usually seen on soft substrata, often singly in small 

depressions or in near bottom aggregations, with a peak population density between depths of 92 

and 460 m (Love 1996; Moser 1996). Pelagic juveniles congregate around drifting kelp and settle 

in shallow water (Love 1996). Greenstriped rockfish are demersal and semi-pelagic and found at 

depths of 25-500 m, but are most common between 46-245 m (Matarese et al. 1989; Love 1996). 

They are typically solitary on mud or cobble (Love 1996), and juveniles recruit in depths of 30-

89 m depths (Love et al. 1990). 

Vermilion rockfish are demersal and semi-pelagic and aggregate near or slightly above the 

bottom, often over high relief rocky substrata. They are most abundant in depths of 60 to at least 

239 m within the Southern California Bight (Love et al.1990). Adults have been found in depths 

as shallow as 7 m near Diablo Canyon (Burge and Schultz 1973), and they appear to have a high 

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5.2.4 Rockfishes 

degree of site fidelity (Lea et al. 1999). Juveniles settle in water depths of 5-30 m and peak 

abundance of juveniles and small adults occurs in 90-149 m depths (Love et al. 1990). 

Splitnose rockfish ranging in size from 195-365 mm produce 14,400-303,700 eggs/female 

(Phillips 1964). Their spawning period is from January through September (Phillips 1964; Wyllie 

Echeverria 1987; Moser 1996) with possibly two broods per year (Westrheim 1975). Growth for 

wild caught larvae was 0.21-0.96 mm/d (Boehlert 1981). Pre-juvenile splitnose remain pelagic 

for about 1 yr and reach sizes of 55 mm prior to settling to benthic habitat (Boehlert 1977). A 

planktonic duration of ca. 2.5 mo was estimated from growth rates and from extrusion and 

transformation lengths (Boehlert 1981; Moser 1996). Estimates of age at 50% maturity of 

splitnose rockfish vary from 4-7 yr (Phillips 1964; Chen 1971; Wyllie Echeverria 1987) with 

100% maturity estimated to occur at 10 yr (Bloeser 1999). Greenstriped fecundity ranges from 

26,000 at 50% maturity to 344,000 at ca. 100% maturity (Haldorson and Love 1991). Spawning 

occurs two or more times per year (Love et al. 1990) from January through June or July (Hart 

1973; Wyllie Echeverria 1987). Female greenstriped rockfish reach 50% maturity at 7 yr (Wyllie 

Echeverria 1987) and their estimated longevity is 28 yr for females and 37 yr for males in the 

Southern California Bight (Love et al. 1990). The fecundity of vermilion rockfish ranging in 

length from 315 to 550 mm SL ranged from 3,300-1,625,600 eggs (Phillips 1964). Vermilions 

ranging in length from 460 to 680 mm SL produced 158,915-2,683,768 eggs per individual in the 

Southern California Bight (Love et al. 1990). At 50% maturity they are estimated to produce 

151,000 eggs with a maximum possible production of 5,602,000 (Haldorson and Love 1991). 

Vermilion rockfish spawn once per year from September through March (Phillips 1964; Wyllie 

Echeverria 1987; Love et al. 1990). Age at 50% maturity for vermilion rockfish is estimated to be 

3-5 yr for females (Chen 1971; Wyllie Echeverria 1987) and 8 yr at 100% maturity (Bloeser 

1999). Young-of-the-year are common over sandy pockets in and near kelp beds (Lea et al. 

1999). 

Rockfishes in this species complex exhibit a wide range of estimates of longevity. Longevity of 

splitnose rockfish was estimated at 18 yr in early studies (Phillips 1964; Chen 1971). Radiometric 

age validation, however, indicates a longevity exceeding 80 yr (Bennett et al. 1982). Subsequent 

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5.2.4 Rockfishes 

studies utilizing otolith sections support these findings with estimates of 81-84 yr (Wilson and 

Boehlert 1990). No estimates of longevity exist for greenstriped rockfish. In an early study, the 

longevity of vermilion rockfish was estimated to be 22 yr (Chen 1971). More recently they have 

been aged as high as 43 yr (Paul Reilly, CDF&G, Monterey, CA, pers. comm.). The oldest fish 

reported in a study of whole vermilion rockfish otoliths was 29 yr for a 597 mm TL individual 

(Lea etal. 1999). 

Each of these three species has varying levels of commercial and recreational fishery importance. 

Splitnose rockfish are primarily a commercially harvested fish with the major fishery occurring 

from central California northward to at least Washington; it was ranked 9***° in the trawled 

rockfishes off the U.S. west coast in 1997 (Love 1996; Bloeser 1999). Splitnose rockfish ranked 

4

t n

 in Monterey Bay, California landings, but did not place in the top ten in Monro Bay landings 

(Bloeser 1999). For the five major ports ofthe MBNMS and San Francisco, die splitnose rockfish 

has shown average landings of about 235.5 MT/yr, with catches declining since 1983 (Starr et al. 

1998). Greenstriped rockfish are typically taken in the deep-water recreational fishery but are 

incidentally caught in commercial fisheries (Love 1996). This species is noted as exhibiting 

reductions in mean length over the period of 1950 to 1994 (Starr et al. 1998). For the five major 

ports of die MBNMS and San Francisco, the average number of greenstriped rockfish taken per 

year was 23,070 (Starr et al. 1998). Annual landings for the U.S. west coast, however, do not 

rank in the top ten for any fishing gear types used to harvest rockfishes (Bloeser 1999). 

Vermilion rockfish are an important component of both recreational and commercial fisheries 

and a majority ofthe catch occurs south of Monterey Bay (Love 1996). These fish make up 2 -

4% ofthe total marine recreational fishery catch in areas where they are abundant (Love 1996). 

Landings of vermilion rockfish in the MBNMS have varied widely over the period 1980-1995 

but have averaged about 67.7 MT/yr (Starr et al. 1998). For the five major ports ofthe MBNMS 

and San Francisco, the average number of vermilion rockfish taken per year was 59,490 (Starr et 

al. 1998). 

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5.2.4 Rockfishes 

Sebastes mystinus (Jordan and Gilbert 1880); blue rockfish; length to 53 cm; 

northern limit uncertain, at least Vancouver I. (possibly Aleutian Is.) to Pt. 

Santo Tomas, northern Baja California; surface to 549 m; dark blue with 

light blue mottling (Miller and Lea 1972; Eschmeyer et al. 1983). 

The typical habitat for blue rockfish is schooling in midwater or near kelp forests, at the surface 

near shallow to deep reefs, where adults can range to depths of 500 m (Moser 1996). Blue 

rockfish appear to have a high degree of site fidelity (Lea et al. 1999), and homing ability has 

been demonstrated (Heilprin 1992). Primary food items are midwater organisms (Gotshall et al. 

1965 from Lea etal. 1999). 

Blue rockfish are viviparous with planktonic larvae and juveniles (Moser 1996). Miller and 

Geibel (1973) estimated that their fecundity ranges from 50,000-300,000 eggs per female per 

year. However, a female that measured 405 mm TL had 524,000 young (Wales 1952). Spawning 

(extrusion of larvae) occurs November through March with a peak in January through February 

(Miller and Geibel 1973; Wyllie Echeverria 1987; Moser 1996), making this one ofthe earliest 

species of rockfish larvae to be released seasonally. Larvae are released once annually (Lea et al. 

1999). However, Moreno (1993) found that this species may produce multiple spawns. Larvae 

are about 3.5 mm at parturition (Miller and Geibel 1973), with an average planktonic duration of 

129 d, as calculated from observations of nine larvae (Dave Woodbury, NOAA/NMFS, Tiburon 

Laboratories, CA, pers. comm.). A period of 3-5 mo was observed for pelagic juveniles to settle 

to the nearshore benthos (Adams and Howard 1996). Young-of-the-year (YOY) were first 

observed in nearshore kelp beds in May and June at 40-60 mm TL (Lea et al. 1999). In April, 

juveniles of about 45-50 mm TL concentrate in shallow rocky areas and in kelp canopies. By 

October these fish range from 65-90 mm TL (Miller and Geibel 1973). Estimated instantaneous 

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5.2.4 Rockfishes 

mortality for juveniles in their first year of life ranged from 0.001 to 0.008 (Adams and Howard 

1996). 

Longevity for the blue rockfish was estimated at 17 yr for males and 24 yr for females. Scales 

were used to estimate age, however, and no validation was performed (Miller and Geibel 1973). 

Growth of 0.23 to 0.35 mm/d was observed for 85 mm individuals (Miller and Geibel 1973), and 

mean monthly growth from tag returns on adults was 2.46 mm (Wales 1952). The smallest 

sexually mature male Lea et al. (1999) collected was 219 mm TL, and the largest immature male 

was 332 mm TL. The smallest sexually mature female was 196 mm TL, and the largest immature 

female was 293 mm TL. Females were estimated to attain first maturity at 4-5 yr, 50% maturity 

at 6 yr, and 100% maturity at 11 yr (Wales 1952; Wyllie Echeverria 1987; Bloeser 1999). 

Blue rockfish are one ofthe most important rockfish in recreational sport fishery along the 

California coast. In some years, at some locations, up to 31% of all fishes taken in the marine 

recreational fishery were blue rockfish (Love 1996). Blue rockfish are taken on hook-and-line or 

while diving (Love 1996). The commercial fishery is typically small with a few exceptions (Starr 

et al. 1998). For the five major ports ofthe MBNMS and San Francisco, the blue rockfish has had 

variable but high landings from 1980 to 1995 (Starr et al. 1998). The calculated average number 

offish taken per year was the second highest of all rockfishes at 752,000 (Starr et al. 1998). In 

1996, the average price for rockfish from commercial hook-and-line landings was approximately 

$0.43/kg (Bloeser 1999). 

Other members of the V-group complex 

All but four ofthe rockfishes in this group have their centers of distribution in the northern 

Pacific Ocean. The northernmost range ofthe rosy rockfish is Puget Sound, Washington, while 

the treefish, honeycomb, and Mexican rockfishes' northernmost range is off central California. 

The Mexican rockfish extends all the way into the Gulf of California. The rougheye and 

yelloweye rockfishes are the largest and longest living rockfishes in this group. The rougheye can 

attain a length of 96 cm TL and an age of 95 yr (Miller and Lea 1972; Nelson and Quinn II 

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I 

I 

1 

S 

I 

I 

1 

1 

1 

5.2.4 Rockfishes 

1986). The yelloweye rockfish can attain a similar length of 91 cm TL and a longevity of 118 yr, 

one ofthe highest ever recorded in fishes (Kris Munk, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, 

| | Sitka, AK, pers. comm.). The rosy and honeycomb rockfishes appear to be the shortest lived (18 

and 17 yr, respectively; Chen 1971) and are among the smallest (36 cm and 27 cm TL, 

||f respectively; Chen 1971) in this group. Age and longevity information is not available for the 

Mexican, darkblotched, pygmy, and treefish rockfishes. The most fecund species for which 

information was available is die yelloweye rockfish that can produce up to 2.7 million eggs 

(Clemens and Wilby 1961). However, there is a paucity of information for many ofthe remaining 

species regarding fecundity. The latest ages at 50% maturity belongs to die rougheye rockfish at 

20 yr (Gunderson 1997) and the yelloweye rockfish at 18 yr (Yamanaka and Kronlund 1997). 

While these figures may represent the highest ages at maturity for die group, given that these two 

species reach the greatest length and age, tiiere is a lack of information in tiiis regard for several 

ofthe otiier long-lived group members, namely, silvergrey and darkblotched rockfishes. 

Summary of Field Collections 

Larvae in the blue rockfish complex showed distinct seasonal peaks in abundance at the DCPP 

intake structure during the years 1996-1999 (Appeedix H), with their greatest abundance 

tending to occur between January and March (Figure 5.2.4-8). Larvae in tiiis complex appeared 

in the water column sooner than did those in die KGB complex. There were 2,731 larvae 

identified from 537 bongo net subsamples collected at the DCPP intake structure between 

October 1996 and June 1999 representing 11% of die subsamples collected and processed from 

that location during diat period. An El Niiio that began during the spring of 1997, was detected 

along the coast of California in the fall of 1997 (Lynn et al. 1998; NOAA 1999), and may 

account for lowered density in 1998 compared with the previous season. The warm water El Niiio 

event may also have delayed spawning slightly in 1997-98 (Woodbury and Ralston 1991). 

Additionally, VenTresca et al. (1995) demonstrated that blue rockfish in post- El Niiio years do 

not have sufficient reserves to produce large amounts of young, so these years typically have low 

larval abundance. 

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5.2.4 Rockfishes 

Blue rockfish complex larvae generally occurred in the DCPP study grid and at the DCPP intake 

structure with similar seasonality (Appendix H), and their peak abundance occurred in January 

and February (Figure 5.2.4-9). As with the entrainment data, density appears to be depressed 

during the 1997-98 El Niiio relative to density estimates from 1999. There were 2,965 larvae 

identified from 792 bongo net subsamples representing 26% ofthe study grid subsamples 

collected and processed from July 1997-June 1999. Mean density in die peak season of blue 

rockfish complex larval abundance appears to be greater during the Winter/Spring of 1996-97 

tiian that measured during 1997-98 (the El Nino year). 

Standard lengths of all blue rockfish complex larvae collected from the DCPP intake structure 

between October 1996 and June 1999 and measured (2,407 larvae) ranged from a minimum of 

1.7 mm to a maximum of 8.9 mm (Figure 5.2.4-10). The central 98% of tiiis length-frequency 

distribution yielded a truncated distribution witii minimum and maximum lengths for the analyses 

of 2.7 mm and 4.5 mm, respectively. The mean larval length in this distribution was 3.6 mm. The 

growth rate applied to the blue rockfish complex (0.14 mm/d) derived for brown rockfish from 

Yoklavich et al. (1996) and reported in Love and Johnson (1999) was used to estimate ages of 

entrained larvae. Assuming that the shortest larva ofthe central 98% ofthe length-frequency 

distribution were immediately post-extrusion and aged zero days, die estimated ages of larvae 

entrained could range from zero days up to 44 d post-extrusion for the largest larva measured. 

The average estimated age of blue rockfish larvae entrained at DCPP was 6 d post-extrusion. 

Significant differences were detected when comparing mean larval lengths (/-test: p < 0.001) and 

length-frequency distributions (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test: p < 0.001) of blue rockfish complex 

larvae from the DCPP intake structure and study grid despite the apparent similarity ofthe 

distributions in the two locations (Figure 5.2.4-11). It is likely that the large number of 

individuals measured and tested with the /-test led to the ability ofthe statistical test to detect a 

difference between the two means of 3.6 mm at the intake structure and 3.5 mm from the study 

grid. The maximum difference between the two distributions measured by the KolmogorovSmirnov test occurred at 3.9 mm and indicated that more smaller individuals were found in the 

grid than at the intake structure, confirming the result ofthe /-test. While slight differences were 

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5.2.4 Rockfishes 

detected as statistically significant, it appears that the larvae found in these two locations were 

from very similarly structured populations. 

Reported extrusion size for species in this complex ranges from 3.8-5.2 mm (Moser 1996). The 

fact that we observed some larvae smaller than the reported extrusion lengths can be explained 

partly by natural variation of extrusion lengths within the population and partly by the 

phenomenon of shrinkage following preservation (Theilacker 1980). If all larvae less than 5.2 

mm were assumed to be aged-0 d, then the present PM will be an underestimate ofthe 

probability of entrainment since larval duration could have been overestimated by approximately 

17d. • 

Estimating Total Annual Entrainment 

Annual estimates at DCPP ofthe number of entrained larvae from the blue rockfish complex 

were greatest during 1996-97 Analysis Period 1 (E,. = 49,700,000) when compared to 1997-98 

Analysis Period 2 (ET = 5,410,000) (Table 5.2.4-11). In contrast to the relative similarity among 

annual estimates of entrained KGB rockfish larvae, there was a large difference between the 

sampling years for larvae of fishes in the blue rockfish complex. Non-overlapping 95% 

confidence intervals approximated by 2-SE(ET) indicated that these differences were probably 

statistically significant. The second year of sampling, when entrained numbers of larvae from the 

blue rockfish complex were lower, was during the El Niiio event. This climatological and 

oceanographic event could have had an effect on the reproductive output of rockfishes in this 

complex. 

Annual estimates ofthe number of blue rockfish complex larvae entrained were adjusted (Table 

5.2.4-12) to a long-term mean based on annual indices using weekly Intake Cove surface 

plankton tows (Figure 5.2.4-12). The average indices for the years 1997 and 1998 (/,) were 

0.0181 and 0.0049 larvae/m3, respectively, while the long-term average index (/ ) was 0.0307 

larvae/m3 for the years 1990-1998. The ratio combining these values (III,) yielded the 

correction factor used to adjust the annual entrainment estimates to the long-term average. These 

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5.2.4 Rockfishes 

factors were 1.69 for 1997 and 6.26 for 1998. Numbers of entrained larvae for each ofthe 

analysis periods were increased by these corrections, indicating that larval abundance ofthe blue 

rockfish complex was below the long-term average during both sampling years. Non-overlapping 

95% confidence intervals approximated by 2 • SE(EAJj_T ) indicated that the differences between 

the point estimates for 1996-97 Analysis Period 1 (EAdj_T = 84,000,000) and 1997-98 Analysis 

Period 2 (PAdj.T = 33,800,000) were statistically significant even after the adjustment. 

Fecundity Hindcasting (FH) 

The parameters required for the formulation of FH estimates for the blue rockfish complex were 

compiled from references on different species within the group. Rockfishes within this group 

spawn once or twice per year. From multiple references on fecundity for various species within 

the complex, an annual fecundity estimate of 508,607 eggs per female, with assumed CV=100%, 

was used to calculate FH (Wales 1952: 524,000; Phillips 1964: 14,400-303,700 and 3,300-

1,625,600; Miller and Geibel 1973: 50,000-300,000, and 524,000; MacGregor 1970: 69,599; 

Love et al. 1990: 158,915-2,683,768; Haldorsen and Love 1991: 26,000-344,000). For blue 

rockfish complex fishes, longevity estimates of 24.7 yr and age at maturation of 6 yr were used in 

FH calculations (longevity- Chen 1971: 22 yr; Miller and Geibel 1973: 24 yr; Love et al. 1990: 

28 yr; Age at 50% maturity - Wyllie Echeverria 1987: 6 yr; Bloeser 1999: 6 yr; Lea et al. 1999: 6 

yr). Larval survivorship was estimated from extrusion to entrainment using an instantaneous blue 

rockfish larval mortality of 0.14/d (Mary Yoklavich, NOAA/NMFS/PFEG, Pacific Grove, CA. 

pers. comm.), over 6.43 d based upon the minimum 1% larval length and mean larval length of 

2.7 to 3.6 mm and a larval brown rockfish growth rate of 0.14 mm/d (Yoklavich et al. 1996; Love 

and Johnson 1999): 

^TM=e^ ,4),643,= 0.407. 

The estimated number of adult blue rockfish complex females (FH) whose reproductive output 

was equivalent to the adjusted number of larvae entrained per year at DCPP ranged from 43 in 

1996-97 to ca. 20 in 1997-98 (Table 5.2.4-13). The reduction in the number of adult females 

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5.2.4 Rockfishes 

estimated from the second sampling season reflects the lowered larval abundance during this time 

period. These fairly low values also reflected the relatively high fecundity ofthe adults and the 

young average entrainment age for the larvae from this complex. 

Sensitivity Analysis 

Fecundity and larval survival had the greatest leverage on recalculated values of FH (Table 

5.2.4-14). Varying fecundity or larval survival in the model resulted in an FH range of ca. 3 -

225 adult females, compared to the original estimate of 18-43 adult females. Longevity had the 

next greatest amount of leverage on recalculated FH, while varying either entrainment or 

maturation had no effect on FH. 

i 

Adult Equivalent Loss (NEL) 

The parameters used to formulate AEL estimates for the blue rockfish complex were survival 

estimates for the blue rockfish (Table 5.2.4-15). Early mortality was provided by Mary 

Yoklavich (NOAA/NMFS/PFEG, Pacific Grove, CA, pers. comm.) for 6.43 to 20 d (Z=0.14/d), 

20 to 60 d (Z=0.8/d), 60 to 80 d (Z=0.04/d), 180 to 365 d (Z= 0.0112/d). The survival rate from 

entrainment ofthe larval stage to recruitment into die fishery also included a fifth stage prior to 

recraitment into the fishery (Z= 0.000548/d). Survivorship, to an assumed age at recraitment into 

the fishery of three years, was apportioned into these stages, and AEL was calculated assuming 

the entrainment ofa single age class having the average age of recruitment. 

Estimated numbers of equivalent adults ofthe blue rockfish complex decreased by more than half 

between the 1996-97 analysis period (353 adults) and the 1997—98 analysis period (164 adults: 

Table 5.2.4-16). These values directly reflect the changing abundance of larvae during this time. 

Despite the large differences in the estimates of larvae for the blue rockfish complex between 

these two periods (Table 5.2.4-11), the relatively small difference in estimated adults may 

indicate that year-to-year recruitment may be less variable. 

Sensitivity Analysis 

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5.2.4 Rockfishes 

Larval and juvenile survivorship had the greatest leverage on recalculated values of AEL 

(Table 5.2.4-17). Varying these parameters in the model resulted in an AEL range of 27-1,830 

adult equivalents, compared to the original estimate of 142-353 adult equivalents. Pre-recruit 

survivorship had the next greatest leverage on estimates of AEL. Varying the estimate of 

entrainment did not substantially change the original value of calculated AEL. 

Empincal Transport Model (ETM,) 

The lengths of entrained blue rockfish complex larvae, excluding die largest 1% and smallest 1% 

of all measurements, ranged from 2.7 to 4.5 mm. Thus, larvae from the central 98% ofthe lengthfrequency distribution may have been susceptible to entrainment for approximately 12.8 d based 

on a growth rate for brown rockfish of 0.14 mm/d (Love and Johnson 1999; Yoklavich et al. 

1996). On average, entrained blue rockfish complex larvae were ca. 6.4 d old. 

Monthly estimates of proportional entrainment (PE,) in each ith survey ranged from a minimum 

of zero to a maximum of 0.037±0.022 (±1 SE(PE,)) in April 1999 (Table 5.2.4-18). When both 

PE, and the annual proportion of larvae extruded in die ith survey period (fj) were equal to 

zero, no larvae were collected at either the DCPP intake stracture or from the study grid. When 

PE, =0 but f>0, larvae were collected at die DCPP intake stracture during the survey period but 

not during the entrainment survey paired with the 72-hour study grid survey. The highest PE, 

values occurred in April of both years which typically had the higher associated/ values. The 

next highest PE, 's occurred in January or February. This latter time frame corresponds to the 

expected parturition for blue rockfish (Wyllie Echeverria 1987; Moser 1996), but a peak later in 

the year also contained blue rockfish larvae (Appendix J). 

Due to the broad dispersion of blue rockfish complex larvae across the study grid (Figure 

5.2.4-9), Ps for this complex was calculated using both alongshore and onshore current 

movement. Current speed and direction measured at the single current meter near DCPP were 

used to extend the estimates of Ps beyond the bounds ofthe study grid. Abundance of blue 

rockfish complex larvae within the study grid was extended alongshore on the basis of current 

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JV7JL 

5.2.4 Rockfishes 

speed and direction constrained by average and maximum estimates of larval duration and the 

width ofthe study grid perpendicular to the shore. The pattern of larval blue rockfish complex 

•abundance within the study grid was extrapolated offshore using onshore current movement 

inferred from the current meter. The offshore extrapolation of abundance was also modeled on 

the basis of mean and maximum estimated larval durations to yield a range of possible 

entrainment probability values. 

Total entrainment mortality probability (PM ) was calculated for estimated average and maximum 

larval duration based on current speed and direction measured at the single current meter (Figure 

5.2.4-13). There were large differences for PM between the two analysis periods, but little 

change in PM when varying larval duration within an analysis period. Estimates of PM using 

alongshore current movement only varied from -0.004 (both mean and maximum durations) in 

the 1997-1998 analysis period to -0.05 during 1998-1999. When both alongshore and onshore 

currents were considered, PM ranged from -0.001 in the 1997-1998 analysis period regardless 

of duration to 0.02 for mean duration and 0.004 for maximum duration in the 1998-1999 analysis 

period. Blue rockfish complex larvae were in much greater abundance in both entrainment and 

study grid subsamples during 1998-1999 when compared to 1997-1998. El Nino conditions may 

have contributed to the reduced numbers of larvae during 1997-1998. 

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P.72 

5.2.4 Rockfishes 

Interpretation of Assessment Results 

Fishes in the blue rockfish complex have both commercial and recreational fishery value and can 

be relatively abundant in both larval and YOY surveys near DCPP (Figure 5.2.4-14). These data 

can be compared with local fishery catch trends from the Morro Bay area to determine if there 

are any concurrent trends in these two indices of rockfish abundance (Figure 5.2.4-14). The 

probable effect on fisheries is likely localized to the ports within the Morro Bay area since most 

fishes in this complex demonstrate high site fidelity (Heilprin 1992), and, in general, most local 

catches are landed locally. Long-term subtidal fish observations at Diablo Canyon's South 

Control site (Tenera 1997c) show Sebastes spp. V group abundance characterized by periods of 

stability (e.g., 1980-1990) punctuated by rapid changes (e.g., 1991-1993) again followed by a 

period of stability (1993-1998). The overall trend from 1978-1998 appears to be one of declining 

abundance. Similar trends were also observed in the Intake Cove plankton tow data (Figure 

5.2.4-12). Local catch records from Morro Bay area ports also show a generally decreasing trend 

in landings since 1993. While there is a possibility that larval entrainment losses at DCPP play a 

part in these declines, it seems more likely, based on the estimates of equivalent adult losses and 

annual entrainment probabilities for this complex, that general declines in northerly distributed 

species (e.g., blue rockfish) are attributed to a climate regime shift that began in the late 1970's as 

noted by Holbrook et. al. (1997). 

In 1999, 14.6 MT of blue rockfish (Sebastes mystinus), greenstriped rockfish (S. elongatus), 

treefish (S. serriceps), vermilion rockfish (S. miniatus), and yelloweye rockfish (S. rubberimus) 

represented an ex-vessel revenue of $61,500 landed in the Morro Bay area. Blue and vermilion 

rockfish represented the majority ofthe catch by weight and also produced most ofthe revenue. 

Vermilion and blue rockfish accounted for 70% ofthe individuals captured in the southern 

California recreational fishery in 1998 (PSMFC PacFin Database). 

The estimates of AEL (142-353 fish) represent the estimated loss of 3 yr old fish to the 

population. Converting these adult equivalents to direct losses from a fishery requires 

assumptions of 100% catchability ofthe individuals and no compensatory mortality. Both of 

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P.73 

5.2.4 Rockfishes 

these assumptions will lead to an overestimate ofthe loss to the fishery. Using an estimate ofthe 

weight per adult blue rockfish in the fishery of 0.5 kg, we can estimate that 343 adults represent 

172 kg of 3 yr old recruits that represent ca. 1 % ofthe catch landed in the Morro Bay area in 

1999. This 172 kg of biomass potentially lost to the fishery could have been worth approximately 

$740 in 1999 based on the average ex-vessel price paid in Morro Bay for blue, greenstriped, 

vermilion, and yelloweye rockfishes, as well as treefish. 

Fecundity hindcast estimates can also be aligned to the age at recruitment used in AEL 

calculations. This is accomplished by hindcasting the number of females aged 12.2 yr (i.e., one 

third ofthe duration between maturity and longevity) to the age of AEL recruits (3 yr). The 

estimates of FH from the diree analysis periods ranged from 18-43 adult females aged 12.2 yr. 

Using an instantaneous natural mortality rate (Z=0.000548/d), the relationship 2FH s AEL 

yields 114-273 three year-old recruits. This aligned estimate, when compared with the AEL 

estimate above (142-353), is similar and confirms the validity ofthe parameter estimates used in 

both FH and AEL estimates. 

Alternately, estimates of proportional larval entrainment mortality to the local area can be 

converted to proportionate losses to local fisheries assuming no compensatory mortality. 

Entrainment effects (PM ) ranged over extrapolated areas from 4-6 times and 17-21 times the 

study grid area, using mean and maximum larval durations, respectively, as the time over which 

current flows were measured. These extrapolations resulted in PM estimates that ranged from 

around 0.001 to 0.02. This range of proportional loss, applied to the 1999 ex-vessel revenue from 

Morro Bay area ports ($61,500) could represent between $62-1,230 during that year. 

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5.2.4 Rockfishes 

Table 5.2.4-1. Pigment groups, parturition peak periods (PPM), and seasonality of preflexion 

Sebastes spp. larvae from Nishimoto (in prep.). 

P.74 

The code for each group is based on the following 

letter designations: 

V_ = long series of ventral pigmentation (starts directly at 

anus) 

V = short series of ventral pigmentation (starts 3-6 

myomeres after anus) 

D_ = long series of dorsal pigmentation (4 or more in a 

continuous line) extending to above anus 

D = short series of dorsal pigmentation (4 or more in a 

continuous line) not extending to anus 

De = elongating series of dorsal pigmentation; scattered 

melanophores after continuous ones stop) 

d = develops dorsal pigmentation (1-2 or scattered 

melanophores) 

P = pectoral blade pigmentation . 

p = develops pectoral pigmentation (1-2 or scattered 

melanophores) 

LETTER 

CODE 

V_P 

V_D 

COMMON '77-'84 

SPECIES NAME SUBGENUS PPM 

Long ventral series, no dorsal, pectoral pigment 

S. chlorostictus greenspotted Sebastomus ? 

5. ensifer swordspine Sebastomus ? 

Long ventral series, short dorsal series, no pectoral pigment 

S. saxicola stripetail Allosebastes Jan 

Parturition period N and C CA 

(Wyllie Echeverria 1987) 

Apr-Sep 

Uncommon in central CA (Miller and 

Lea 1972) 

Jan-Mar (Nov-Mar, Phillips 1964) 

V_D_ Long ventral series, short dorsal series, no pectoral pigment 

5. atrovirens kelp Mebarus ND 

S. chrysomelas black and yellow Pteropodus Feb 

S. maliger quillback Pteropodus Apr 

S. nebulosus China Pteropodus ? 

S. semicinctus halfbanded Allosebastes ND 

ND 

Feb-Mar (Jan-May (Larson 1980)) 

Apr-July 

7 

Jan-Apr for southem CA (Love et a. 

1990) 

V De 

or 

V DeP 

or 

V_dep 

Long ventral t 

S. auriculatus 

S. carnatus 

S. caurinus 

S. dalli 

S. rastrelliger 

leries, elongating 

brown 

gopher 

copper 

calico 

grass 

dorsal series, pectoral pigment 

Auctospina 

Pteropodus 

Pteropodus 

Allosebastes 

Pteropodus 

June 

Mar 

Feb 

? 

ND 

Dec-Jan, principally May-July (May. 

Larson 1980) 

Mar-May (May, Larson 1980) 

Feb 

Uncommon in central CA (Miller and 

Lea 1972) 

ND 

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5.2.4 Rockfishes 

Table 5.2.4-1. (continued). Pigment groups, parturition peak periods (PPM), and seasonality of 

preflexion Sebastes spp. larvae from Nishimoto (in prep.). 

LETTER 

CODE 

V 

VP 

Vdp 

VD 

SPECIES 

COMMON 

NAME SUBGENUS 

Short ventral series, no dorsal series, no pectoral 

S. aleutianus 

S. alutus 

S. brevispinis 

S. crameri 

S. diploproa 

S. elongatus 

S. macdonaldi 

S. miniatus 

S. nigrocinctus 

S. proriger 

S. rosaceus 

S. ruberrimus 

S. serriceps 

S. umbrosus 

S. wilsoni 

S. zacentrus 

rougheye 

POP 

silvergrey 

darkblotched 

splitnose 

greenstriped 

Mexican 

vermilion 

tiger 

redstripe 

rosy 

yelloweye 

treefish 

honeycomb 

pygmy 

sharpchin 

Zalopyr 

Acutomentum 

Acutomentum 

Eosebastes 

Allosebastes 

Hispaniscus 

Acutomentum 

Rosicola 

Sebastichtys 

Allosebastes 

Sebastomus 

Sebastopyr 

Sebastocarus 

Sebastomus 

Acutomentum 

Allosebastes 

Short ventral series, no dorsal series, various patterns 

(At smaller size might ilt into group V above) 

5. constellatus 

S. eos 

S. goodei 

S. helvomaculatus 

S. levis 

S. melanostomus 

S. paucispinis 

S. rosenblatti 

S. rubrivinctus 

starry 

pink 

chilipepper 

rosethom 

cowcod 

blackgill 

bocaccio 

greenblotched 

flag 

Sebastodes 

Sebastomus 

Sebastodes 

Sebastomus 

Hispaniscus 

Eosebastes 

Sebastodes 

Sebastomus 

Hispaniscus 

'77-'84 

PPM 

ND 

Mar 

ND 

Jan 

July 

May 

ND 

Sep 

ND 

7 

June 

June 

ND 

ND 

ND 

7 

Parturition period N and C CA 

(Wyllie Echeverria 1987) 

Jan-Mar (?) 

Nov-Mar (Nov-Mar, Larson 1980) 

Jan-Sep (Feb-July, Phillips 1964) 

May-July 

Sep (Nov, Moser 196; Nov-Mar, 

Phillips 1964) 

July-Aug 

Apr-July 

Apr-July (?) 

ND 

May-June 

of pectoral pigmentation 

Apr 

ND 

Jan 

7 

Dec 

Feb 

Feb 

ND 

7 

Short ventral series, develops dorsal series, develops various 

(At stage 1-2 can ( 

S. entomelas 

S. flavidus 

S. melanops 

S. mystinus 

S. rufus 

S. serranoides 

Apr-May 

ND 

Nov-June (Nov-Mar, Phillips 1964) 

May-June 

Dec-Feb 

Feb-Apr 

Jan-May (Nov-Mar, Moser 1967) 

ND 

July 

patterns of pectoral pigmentation 

:onfuse with VP above due to lack of dorsal pigmentation.) 

widow 

yellowtail 

black 

blue 

bank 

olive 

Short ventral series, short dorsal 

S. aurora 

S. babcocki 

S. gilli 

S. hopkinsi 

S. jordani 

S. ovalis 

S. pinniger 

aurora 

redbanded 

bronzespotted 

squarespot 

shortbelly 

speckled 

canary 

Species without descriptions or illustrations 

S. phillipsi chameleon 

Acutomentum 

Sebastosomus 

Sebastosomus 

Sebastosomus 

Acutomentum 

Sebastosomus 

series 

Eosebastes 

Rosicola 

Sebastosomus 

Acutomentum 

Sebastodes 

Acutomentum 

Rosicola 

? ? 

Feb 

Feb 

Feb 

Jan 

Feb 

Feb 

Apr 

May 

7 

Mar 

Feb 

May 

Dec 

Dec-Apr (Nov-Mar, Phillips 1964) 

Jan-July (Nov-Mar, Phillips 1964) 

Jan-May 

Nov-Jan (Nov-Jan, Wales 1952) 

Dec-May 

Jan-Mar 

Mar-May 

May 

Uncommon in central CA (Miller and 

Lea 1972) 

Feb-Mar 

Feb-Apr (Nov-Apr, Phillips 1964) 

May 

Dec-Mar (Nov-Mar, Moser 1967) 

Uncommon in central CA (Miller and 

Lea 1972) 

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5.2.4 Rockfishes 

Table 5.2.4-2. Estimated total annual entrainment (ET ) and standard error (SE(ET)) for KGB 

rockfish larvae (Sebastes spp. V_De/V_D_) from three analysis periods. 

Analysis Peritfd E~T SE(E~T) 

1) Oct 23, 1996-Sep 30, 1997 268,000,000 24,000,000 

2) Octl, 1997-Sep30, 1998 199,000,000 25,900,000 

3) July 1, 1997-June 30, 1998 199,000,000 25,900,000 

Table 5.2.4-3. Estimated total annual adjusted entrainment (EAdj_T) and standard error 

(SE(EAdJ_T)) for KGB rockfish larvae (Sebastes spp. V_De/V_D_) from the three analysis 

periods. 

Analysis Period 

1) Oct 23, 1996-Sep 30, 1997 

2) Oct I,1997-Sep30, 1998 

3) July 1, 1997-June 30, 1998 

pAdj-T 

275,000,000 

222,000,000 

222,000,000 

SP{pAdj.T) 

24,700,000 

28,900,000 

28,900,000 

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I 

I 

5.2.4 Rockfishes 

Table 5.2.4-4. Age at sexual maturation and longevity (years) for three rockfish 

species within the KGB complex. 

Rockfish species Maturation age Longevity 

ke, P A e. 3 

4-5 vr-* 

black and yellow 

gopher 

3^yr*2 

6yr4 

4yr2 

9yr4 

15yr>A5 

15 yr* 

'Burge and Schultz 1973 

2Wyllie Echeverria 1987 

^Bloeser 1999 

4Leaetal. 1999 

^Ralph Larson, CSU San Francisco, personal communication 

Table 5.2.4-5. Estimated number of adult KGB rockfish (Sebastes spp. V_De/V_D_) females 

( FH ) whose reproductive output was equivalent to the adjusted number of larvae entrained per 

year (EAdj_T ) at Diablo Canyon Power Plant including the standard error ofthe estimate 

(SE(FH)) and 90% confidence limits (C.L.). 

Analysis Period FH SE(FH) 

Upper Lower 

90% C.L. 90% C.L. 

1) Oct 23, 1996-Sep 30, 1997 

2) Octl, 1997-Sep30, 1998 

3) Jul I,1997-Jun30, 1998 

617 

497 

497 

1,470 

1,190 

1,190 

31,500 

25,400 

25,400 

12 

10 

10 

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5.2.4 Rockfishes 

Table 5.2.4-6. KGB rockfishes (Sebastes spp. V_De/V_D_): Sensitivity analysis for FH from 

the three analysis periods recalculated for each model input parameter (ff): EAdJ_r ± 1.645 

SE(ff); other parameters are Q.e±\(*scv(d) where CV(ff) = 1.0 or 100%. 

a) Analysis Period 1: October 1, 1996-September30, 1997 

Parameter 

FH 

E 

^Adj-T 

S larvae 

# Eggs/yr 

Longevity 

Maturation 

Estimate 

= 617 

275,000,000 

0.419 

213,000 

15 

5 

Minimum 

526 

258 

119 

247 

493 

Recalculated FH 

Maximum 

708 

3,200 

3,200 

1,230 

1,230 

Range 

182 

2,940 

3,080 

987 

740 

b) Analysis Period 2: October 1, 1997-September 30, 1998 

Parameter 

FH 

E 

^Adj-T 

S larvae 

# Eggs/yr 

Longevity 

Maturation 

Estimate 

= 497 

222,000,000 

0.419 

213,000 

15 

5 

Minimum 

391 

208 

95.9 

199 

398 

Recalculated FH 

Maximum 

603 

2,570 

2,570 

994 

994 

Range 

213-

2,370 

2,480 

795 

596 

I 

I 

TENERA E9-055.0 5-160 Final 316(b) Demonstration 

March 1.2000 
j ^ 9 

5.2.4 Rockfishes 

Table 5.2.4-6 (continued). KGB rockfishes (Sebastes spp. V_De/V_D_): Sensitivity analysis 

for FH from the three analysis periods recalculated for each model input parameter (ff): EAdj_T 

± 1.645 SE(ff); other parameters are g.e±\MSCv0) where CV( ff) = 1.0 or 100%. 

c) Analysis Period 3: July 1, 1997-June 30, 1998 

Parameter 

FH 

pAdj-T 

S larvae 

# Eggs/yr 

Longevity 

Maturation 

Estimate 

= 497 

222,000,000 

0.419 

213,000 

15 

5 

Minimum 

391 

208 

96 

199 

398 

Recalculated FH 

Maximum 

604 

2,580 

2,580 

995 

995 

Range 

213 

2,370 

2,480 

796 

597 

TENERA E9-055.0 5-161 Final 316(b) Demonstration 

March 1,2000 
P.80 

5.2.4 Rockfishes 

Table 5.2.4-7. Three-year survival for the KGB rockfish complex larvae (Sebastes spp. 

V_De/V_D_), based on blue rockfish data. Survival was estimated from release as 

S = e(-2)(Day(end)-Day(start)); Dai] y instantaneou s mortality rates (Z) up to 1 yr of blue 

rockfish, Sebastes mystinus, larvae that were used to calculate KGB larval survivorship 

were provided by Mary Yoklavich (NOAA/NMFS/PFEG, Pacific Grove, CA, personal 

communication). Annual instantaneous mortality was assumed as 0.2/yr after 1 yr. Average 

age of entrainment was estimated as 6.21 d based on average size at entrainment and a 

growth rate of 0.14 mm/d (Yoklavich et al. 1996). 

Instantaneous 

Natural 

Day (start) Day (end) Mortality (Z) Survival (s) 

0 

6.21 

20 

60 

180 

365 

6.21 

20 

60 

180 

365 

1,095 

0.14 

0.14 

0.08 

0.04 

0.0112 

0.0006 

0.419 

0.145 

0.041 

0.008 

0.126 

0.670 

Table 5.2.4-8. Estimated number of equivalent KGB rockfish (Sebastes spp. V_De/V_D_) adults 

(AEL) equal to the adjusted number of larvae entrained per year (EAdj_T) at Diablo Canyon 

Power Plant including the standard error ofthe estimate (SE(AEL)) and 90% confidence limits 

(C.L.). 

Analysis Period AEL 

Upper Lower 

SE(AEL) 90% C.L. 90% C.L. 

1) Oct 23, 1996-Sep 30, 1997 

2) Oct 1, 1997-Sep30, 1998 

3) Jul 1, 1997-Jun30, 1998 

1,120 

905 

906 

3,410 

2,750 

2,750 

166,000 

134,000 

134,000 

8 

6 

6 

TENERA E9-055.0 5-162 Final 316(b) Demonstration 

March 1,2000 
j»ai 

5.2.4 Rockfishes 

Table 5.2.4-9. KGB rockfishes (Sebastes spp. V_De/V_D_): Sensitivity analysis for AEL from 

the three analysis periods recalculated for each model input parameter (ff): EAdj_T ± 1.645 

•SE(ff); other parameters are Q.e±\MSCV0) where CV(ff) = 1.0 or 100%. 

a) Analysis Period 1: October 1, 1996-September 30, 1997 

Parameter 

'AEL = 

^Adj-T 

S early larvae 

S late larvae 

S early 

juvenile 

S juv. I 

S pre-recruit 

Estimate 

1,120 

275,000,000 

0.145 

0.0408 

0.00823 

0.125 

0.670 

Minimum 

958 

217 

217 

217 

217 

217 

Recalculated AEL 

Maximum 

1,290 

5,820 

5,820 

5,820 

5,820 

1,680 

Range 

331 

5,600 

5,600 

5,600 

5,600 

1,460 

b) Analysis Period 2: October 1, 1997-September 30, 1998 

Parameter 

AEL 

'-•Adj-T 

S early larvae 

S late larvae 

S early 

juvenile 

S juv. I 

S pre-recruit 

Estimate 

= 905 

222,000,000 

0.145 

0.0408 

0.00823 

0.125 

0.670 

Minimum 

712 

175 

175 

175 

175 

175 

Recalculated AEL 

Maximum 

1,100 

4,690 

4,690 

4,690 

4,690 

1,350 

Range 

387 

4,520 

4,520 

4,520 

4,520 

1,180 

1 

I 

TENERA E9-055.0 5-163 Final 316(b) Demonstration 

March 1,2000 
P.82 

5.2.4 Rockfishes 

Table 5.2.4-9 (continued). KGB rockfishes (Sebastes spp. V_De/V_D_): Sensitivity analysis 

for AEL from the three analysis periods recalculated for each model input parameter (ff): 

P-Adj-T ± 1 -645 SE(ff); other parameters are g.e±.M5Cvm where CV( ff) = 1.0 or 100%. ' 

c) Analysis Period 3: July 1, 1997-June 30, 1998 

Parameter 

' AEL-

^Adj-T 

S early larvae 

S late larvae 

S early 

juvenile 

S juv. I 

S pre-recruit 

Estimate 

= 906 

222,000,000 

0.145 

0.0408 

0.00823 

0.125 

0.670 

Minimum 

712 

175 

175 

175 

175 

175 

Recalculated AEL 

Maximum 

1,100 

4,700 

4,700 

4,700 

4,700 

1,350 

Range 

387 

4,520 

4,520 

4,520 

4,520 

1,180 

TENERA E9-055.0 5-164 Final 316(b) Demonstration 

March 1,2000 
P.83 

•p— r 

5.2.4 Rockfishes 

Table 5.2.4-10. KGB rockfishes (Sebastes spp. V_De/V_D_): Monthly estimates of proportional 

entrainment (PE, ) and annual proportion of larvae extruded in the hh survey period (fj) and 

associated standard errors (SE~) used in estimating entrainment mortality for two analysis periods. 

a) Analysis Period 3: July 1, 1997 - June 30, 1998 

Survey Start Date PE, SE[PE,) f 

b) Analysis Period 4: July 1, 1998 - June 30, 1999 

Survey Start Date PE, SE ( ^ ) ft 

SP{f) 

Jul 21,1997 

Aug 25, 1997 

Sept 29, 1997 

Oct 20, 1997 

Nov 17, 1997 

Dec 10, 1997 

Jan 22, 1998 

Feb 26, 1998 

Mar 18, 1998 

Apr 15, 1998 

May 18, 1998 

Jun 8, 1998 

0.0107 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0.000810 

0.00207 

0.0587 

0.00762 

0.00337 

0.0353 

0.0151 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0.000880 

0.00127 

0.0297 

0.00348 

0.000760 

0.00842 

0.00257 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0.00122 

0.00403 

0.0816 

0.130 

0.487 

0.293 

0.000560 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0.000190 

0.000370 

0.00961 

0.0102 

0.0249 

0.0166 

SP(f) 

Jul 21, 

Aug 26, 

Sept 16, 

Oct 6, 

Nov 11, 

Dec 9, 

Jan 12, 

Feb 3, 

Mar 17, 

Apr 14, 

May 24, 

Jun 23, 

1998 

1998 

1998 

1998 

1998 

1998 

1999 

1999 

1999 

1999 

1999 

1999 

0.00330 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0.000460 

0.0327 

0.0137 

0.0115 

0.0170 

0.00345 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0.000460 

0.0198 

0.00752 

0.00262 

0.0125 

0.000780 

0 

0 

0 

0 

' 0 

0 

0.000630 

0.175 

0.204 

0.545 

0.0754 

0.000130 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0.000120 

0.0156 

0.0154 

0.0166 

0.00533 

TENERA E9-055.0 5-165 Final 316(b) Demonstration 

March 1,2000 
P.84 

5.2.4 Rockfishes 

Table 5.2.4-11. Estimated total annual entrainment (ET ) and standard error (SE(ET)) for larvae 

ofthe blue rockfish complex (Sebastes spp.V/S. mystinus) from the three analysis periods. 

Analysis Period PT SE(ET) 

1) Oct 23, 1996-Sep 30, 1997 

2) Octl,1997-Sep30, 1998 

3) Jul 1, 1997-Jun30, 1998 

49,700,000 

5,410,000 

6,220,000 

7,940,000 

855,000 

868,000 

Table 5.2.4-12. Estimated total annual adjusted entrainment (EAdj_T) of blue rockfish complex 

larvae (Sebastes spp.V/5. mystinus) and their standard errors (SE(EAdJ_T)) from the three 

analysis periods. 

Analysis Period -Adj-T SP(pAdJ-T) 

1) Oct 23, 1996-Sep 30,1997 

2) Octl,1997-Sep30, 1998 

3) Jul I,1997-Jun30, 1998 

84,040,000 

33,800,000 

38,900,000 

13,400,000 

5,350,000 

5,430,000 

Table 5.2.4-13. Estimated number of adult blue rockfish complex (Sebastes spp.V/S. mystinus) 

females (FH) whose reproductive output was equivalent to the adjusted number of larvae 

entrained per year(EAdj_r) at Diablo Canyon Power Plant including the standard error ofthe 

estimate (SE(FH)) and 90% confidence limits (C.L.). 

Analysis Period FH SE(FH) 

Upper Lower 

90% C.L. 90% C.L. 

1) Oct 23, 1996-Sep 30, 1997 

2) Octl, 1997-Sep30, 1998 

3) Jul 1, 1997-Jun30, 1998 

43 

18 

20 

97 

39 

45 

1,700 

684 

787 

1 

0 

1 

TENERA E9-055.0 5-166 Final 316(b) Demonstration 

March 1,2000 
P.85 

5.2.4 Rockfishes 

Table 5.2.4-14. Blue rockfish complex (Sebastes spp.V/S. mystinus): Sensitivity analysis for 

FH from the three analysis periods recalculated for each model input parameter (ff): EAdj_T ± 

1.645 SE(ff); other parameters are g.e±i-M5CV(0) where CV(ff)= 1.0 or 100%. 

a) Analysis Period 1: October 1, 1996-September 30,1997 

Parameter 

FH 

E 

^Adj-T 

S larvae 

# Eggs/yr 

Longevity 

Maturation 

Estimate 

= 43 

84,000,000 

0.407 

509,000 

24.7 

6 

Minimum 

54.9 

17.7 

8.39 

18.7 

64.0 

Recalculated FH 

Maximum 

.32.0 

225 

225 

86.9 

37.5 

Range 

23 

208 

217 

68.2 

26.5 

b) Analysis Period 2: October 1, 1997-September 30, 1998 

Parameter 

FH 

E 

^Adj-T 

S larvae 

# Eggs/yr 

Longevity 

Maturation 

Estimate 

= 18 

33,800,000 

0.407 

509,000 

24.7 

6 

Minimum 

22.1 

7.12 

3.38 

7.54 

25.8 

Recalculated FH 

Maximum 

13.0 

90.7 

90.7 

35.0 

15.1 

Range 

9.10 

83.6 

87.3 

27.5 

10.7 

TENERA E9-055.0 5-167 Final 316(b) Demonstration 

March 1,2000 
P.86 

5.2.4 Rockfishes 

Table 5.2.4-14 (continued). Blue rockfish complex (Sebastes spp.V/S. mystinus): Sensitivity 

analysis for FH from the three analysis periods recalculated for each model input parameter 

(0): EAdj_T ± 1.645 SE(ff); other parameters are ff.e

±x <*5cr(0) w he r e CV( 0) = 1.0 or 100%. 

c) Analysis Period 3: July 1, 1997-June 30, 1998 

Parameter 

FH 

pAdj-T 

S larvae 

# Eggs/yr 

Longevity 

Maturation 

Estimate 

= 20 

38,900,000 

0.407 

509,000 

24.7 

6 

Minimum 

24.7 

8.18 

3.88 

8.67 

29.6 

Recalculated FH 

Maximum 

.15.5 

104 

104 

40.3 

17.3 

Range 

9.23 

96.1 

100 

31.6 

12.3 

TENERA E9-055.0 5-168 Final 316(b) Demonstration 

March 1,2000 
ITT 5.2.4 Rockfishes 

Table 5.2.4-15. Three year survival for the blue rockfish complex (Sebastes spp. VIS. mystinus) 

larvae. Survival was estimated from release as S=e^~ ''

 ov(e" '" a}is"'r

'>) . Daily instantaneous 

mortality rates (Z) up to 1 yr of blue rockfish, Sebastes mystinus, larvae that were used to 

calculate larval survivorship were provided by Mary Yoklavich (NOAA/NMFS/PFEG, Pacific 

Grove, CA, personal communication). Annual instantaneous mortality was assumed as 0.2/yr 

after 1 yr. Average age of entrainment was estimated as 6.43 d, based on average size at 

entrainment and a growth rate of 0.14 mm/d. 

Day (start) 

0 

6.43 

20 

60 

180 

365 

Day (end) 

6.43 

20 

60 

180 

365 

1,095 

Instantaneous Natural 

Mortality (Z) 

0.14 

0.14 

0.08 

0.04 

0.011 

0.0006 

Survival (S) 

0.4066 

0.150 

0.041 

0.008 

0.126 

0.6703 

TENERA E9-055.0 5-169 Final 316(b) Demonstration 

March 1,2000 
P.88 

5.2.4 Rockfishes 

Table 5.2.4-16. Estimated number of equivalent blue rockfish complex (Sebastes spp.V/S. 

mystinus) adults (AEL ) equal to the adjusted number of larvae entrained per year (EAdJ_r) at 

Diablo Canyon Power Plant including the standard error ofthe estimate (SE(AEL)) and 90% 

confidence limits (C.L.). 

Analysis Period AEL 

^ Upper Lower 

SE(AEL) 90% CL. 90% C.L. 

1) Oct 23, 1996-Sep 30, 1997 

2) Octl,1997-Sep30, 1998 

3) Jull,1997-Jun30,1998 

353 

164 

142 

1,100 

494 

430 

51,000 

23,500 

20,000 

2 

1 

1 

Table 5.2.4-17. Blue rockfish complex (Sebastes spp. V/S. mystinus): Sensitivity analysis of 

AEL from the three analysis periods recalculated for each model input parameter (ff): 

EAdj_T ±1.645-SE(0); other parameters are 0• e

±lM5cy/lS) where CV(0) = 1.0 or 100%. 

a) Analysis Period 1: October 1, 1996-September 30, 1997 

Parameter 

AEL •• 

PAdj-T 

S early larvae 

S late larvae 

S early 

juvenile 

S juv. I 

S pre-recruit 

Estimate 

= 353 

84,000,000 

0.150 

0.0408 

0.00823 

0.125 

0.670 

Minimum 

260 

68 

68 

68 

68 

68 

Recalculated AEL 

Maximum 

446 

1,830 

1,830 

1,830 

1,830 

527 

Range 

186 

1,760 

1,760 

1,760 

1,760 

459 

TENERA E9-055.0 5-170 Final 316(b) Demonstration 

March 1,2000 
P.89 

5.2.4 Rockfishes 

Table 5.2.4-17 (continued). Blue rockfish complex (Sebastes spp.V/S. mystinus): Sensitivity 

analysis of AEL for the three analysis periods recalculated for each model input parameter (ff): 

EAdj_T ± 1.645 • SE(0); other parameters are ff • <?*'

 M5<:v<*> where CV( ff) = 1.0 or 100%. 

c) Analysis Period 3: July 1, 1996-September 30, 1997 

Parameter 

AEL = 

PAdj-T 

S early larvae 

S late larvae 

S early 

juvenile 

S juv. I 

S pre-recruit 

Estimate 

= 164 

38,900,000 

0.150 

0.0408 

0.00823 

0.125 

0.670 

Minimum 

126 

32 

32 

32 

32 

32 

Recalculated AEL 

Maximum 

201 

848 

848 

848 

848 

244 

Range 

75 

816 

816 

816 

816 

213 

b) Analysis Period 2: October 1, 1997-September 30, 1998 

Parameter 

AEL = 

PAdj-T 

S early larvae 

S late larvae 

S early 

juvenile 

S juv. I 

S pre-recruit 

Estimate 

142 

33,800,000 

0.150 

0.0408 

0.00823 

0.125 

0.670 

Minimum 

105 

27 

27 

27 

27 

27 

Recalculated AEL 

Maximum 

179 

737 

737 

737 

.737 

212 

Range 

74 

710 

710 

710 

710 

185 

TENERA E9-055.0 5-171 Final 316(b) Demonstration 

March 1,2000 
P.90 

5.2.4 Rockfishes 

Table 5.2.4-18. Blue rockfish complex (Sebastes spp./S. mystinus): Monthly estimates of 

proportional entrainment (PE,) and annual proportion of larvae extruded in the ith survey period 

(f) and associated standard errors (SE) used in estimating entrainment mortality for two analysis 

periods. 

a) Analysis Period 3: July 1, 1997 - June 30, 1998 

Survey Start Date PE: SE(PE,) f 

a) Analysis Period 4: July 1, 1998-June 30, 1999 

Survey Start Date PE, SE ( * ) f, 

SE(f) 

Jul 21, 1997 

Aug 25, 1997 

Sep 29, 1997 

Oct 20, 1997 

Nov 17, 1997 

Dec. 10,1997 

Jan 22, 1998 

Feb 26, 1998 

Mar 18, 1998 

Apr 15, 1998 

May 18, 1998 

Jun 8, 1998 

0.00105 

0.00125 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0.000770 

0 

0.000900 

0.00416 

0.000400 

0.000810 

0.000510 

0.000800 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0.000300 

0 

0.000920 

0.00294 

0.000210 

0.000590 

0.127 

0.0439 

0 

0.0129 

0 

0 

0.161 

0.151 

0.0546 

0.238 

0.129 

0.0826 

0.0113 

0.00606 

0 

0.00347 

0 

0 

0.0133 

0.0130 

0.00892 

0.0281 

0.0141 

0.0150 

SP(f) 

Jul 21,1998 

Aug 26, 1998 

Sep 16, 1998 

Oct 6, 1998 

Nov 11, 1998 

Dec 9, 1998 

Jan 12, 1999 

Feb 3,1999 

Mar 17, 1999 

Apr 14, 1999 

May 24, 1999 

Jun 23, 1999 

0.000420 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0.00521 

0.00822 

0 

0.0370 

0.000590 

0.000250 

0.000430 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0.00291 

0.00213 

0 

0.0218 

0.000310 

0.000250 

0.00389 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0.181 

0.495 

0 

0.308 

0.00791 

0.00352 

0.000550 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0.0169 

0.0209 

0 

0.0225 

0.000760 

0.000750 

TENERA E9-055.0 5-172 Final 316(b) Demonstration 

March 1.2000 
P.91 

5.2.4 Rockfishes 

^_. 

UJ 

OT 

••J****-

+ 

E Density Mean 

1.0-

0.9 -

0.8 -

0.7 -

0.6 -

0.5 -

0.4 -

0.3 -

0.2 -

0.1 -

o.o- itimfitiiri*"'! I' 

KGB rockfish complex (Sebastes spp.) 

rimimminnntmrn 

lllll|IIIIIIUI|lll|llllllll|lllllllllll l 

J ll. 

|O|N|D|J|F|M|A|M|J|J|A|S|O|N|D|J|F | 

I 1096 I 1007 

imi nn i 

I III III11111111 III II111II1111 III 11II1111111 III III1111 III I III 1111111 

I I 

iinii n 

A M J J A I S 0| N | D | J | F PTAT^I 

Survey Date 

• designatessurveywtthdensrty=0 

Figure 5.2.4-1. Weekly mean larval density (#/m3 + 1 S.E.) at the DCPP intake. 

TENERA E9-055.0 5-173 Final 316(b) Demonstration 

March 1,2000 
H 

rn 

z 

m 

H 

m 

to 

o 

Ul 

Ol 

V 

J> 

3 

SL 

w 

J5 

N) 3 O =*. O O O 3 

Kelp, gopher, black-and-yellow (KGB) rockfish complex (Sebastesspp. V_De/V_D_) 

co E 

4.0 

3.5 

3.0 

2.5 

2.0 

1.5 

1.0 

0.5 

0.0 

Depth Contours 

— — 20 meters 

—•—• 40 meters 

•—•— 60 meters 

Point Buchon 

DCPP Intake 

Point San Luis 

Jul. 21,'97 Aug. 25, "97 Sep. 29,'97 Oct. 20,'97 Nov. 17, '97 Dec. 10,'97 

Figure 5.2.4-2a. Mean larval density (fl/m1) collected in the DCPP study grid cells and at the entrainment sampling location. 

tn 

k> 

i> 

Ti 

o 

o 

§ 

tn 

3", 

«0 

01 
m 

z 

m 

m 

CO 

o 

Ol 

WI 

- J 

Ol 

5' 

w 

2

 D 

B) CD 

" 3 

s-1 

-J- CO 

ro 3 

O a: 

o o 

O 3 

Kelp, gopher, black-and-yellow (KGB) rockfish complex (Sebastesspp. V_De/V_D_) 

CO 

E 

4.0 

3.5 

3.0 

2.5 

2.0 

1.5 

1.0 

0.5 

0.0 

Depth Contours 

—'—• 20 meters 

• — 40 meters 

^^— 60 meters 

Point Buchon 

DCPP Intake 

Point San Luis 

Jan. 22,'98 Feb. 26,'98 Mar. 18,'98 Apr. 15, '98 May 18,'98 Jun. 8,'98 

Figure 5.2.4-2b (continued). Mean larval density (ti/m*) collected in the DCPP study grid cells and at the entrainment sampling location. 

tt 

ZT 

CD 

W 
m 

z 

m 

H 

m to 

6 

Ul 

Ul 

b 

->i 

cn 

3 

D> 

CO 

a. 

0) CD H 

- ^* 

M DS 

o cr. 

o o 

O 3 

Kelp, gopher, black-and-yellow (KGB) rockfish complex (Sebastesspp. V_DeA/_DJ 

CO 

E 

4.0 

3.5 

3.0 

2.5 

2.0 

1.5 

1.0 

0.5 

0.0 

Depth Contours 

n 20 meters 

— 40 meters 

mmmm 60 meters 

Buchon 

DCPP Intake 

Point San Luis 

Jul. 20, '98 Aug. 25, '98 Sep. 15, '98 Oct. 5, '98 Nov 10, '98 Dec. 8, '98 

Figure 5.2.4-2c (continued). Mean larval density (#/m3) collected in the DCPP study grid cells and at the entrainment sampling location. 

Ul 

k» 

Ju 

30 

o 

o 

CO 

3 " 

»' 

Vt 

u 

co 

J** 
rn 

z 

m 

m 

<o 

. 

o 

cn 

Ul 

b 

^ i 

~>i 

3 

EU 

CO 

CO 

Ir CD 

- » CO 

N) CO 

o cr. 

o o 

o 3 

Kelp, gopher, black-and-yellow (KGB) rockfish complex (Sebastesspp. V_DeA/_D_) 

CO 

E 

4.0 

3.5 

3.0 

2.5 

2.0 

1.5 

1.0 

0.5 

0.0 

Depth Contours 

— —- 20 meters 

— • 40 meters 

M M M 60 meters 

Point Buchon 

DCPP Intake 

Point San Luis 

Jan. 11, '99 Feb. 2, '99 Mar. 16, '99 Apr. 13, '99 May 23, '99 Jun 22, '99 

Figure 5.2.4-2d (continued). Mean larval density (ft/m1) collected in the DCPP study grid cells and at the entrainment sampling location. 

5 

vt 
P.96 

5.2.4 Rockfishes 

KGB rockfish complex (Sebastes spp. V_De / V_DJ 

N= 9,926 

0) 

o 

c 

£ 

= 3 

u O u 

u 

c 

QJ 

3 

O" 

0) 

c 

O 

9) 0. 

Median 

2.B 3. J 3 3.6 4.3 4.S S.3 S. s . eB **•*>• "-(B "•*>•" * > 

Length Category (mm) 

-—i—•—i—•—i—•—i—• — 

2 4 e B 1 

Estimated age (days) 

i • i • i • i • i "~~i • i • i r-— i • i i i i 

O Z A 6 B I O 1 2 1 4 1 6 . I S »*.« V 

Figure 5.2.4-3. Length frequency of all measured larval fish collected in the entrainment 

samples. Minimum, median, mean, maximum, and central 98% ofthe larval lengths are noted. 

X-axis scale is not continuous at larger lengths. 

TENERA E9-055.0 5-178 Final 316(b) Demonstration 

March 1.2000 
P.97 

5.2.4 Rockfishes 

15" 

10" 

0) 

O 

c 

CD 

3 

o 

o 

O 

KGB rockfish complex (Sebastes spp. V_De / V_D_) 

Entrainment: N=1,282 

MeanMedian 

Min 

>> 

" 15" 

c 

CD 

D 

cr 

cc 

c 

CD 

u 

CD 

0.

 5 " 

2.3 

1% 

T *+++ ial ll 

99% 

+m* 

2.3 2.8 3.3 3.8 4.3 4.8 

Grid: N=2,850 

Median Mean 

5.3 

Min 

1 % 

^filll 

99% 

ll li IWL*. 

2.8 3.3 3.8 4.3 4.8 

Length Category (mm) 

5.3 

Max 

TT 

Max 

T T T 

Figure 5.2.4-4. Length frequency of measured fish from entrainment surveys that paired with 

grid surveys (both years combined). Minimum, median, mean, maximum, and central 98% ofthe 

larval lengths are noted. X-axis scale is not continuous at larger lengths. 

TENERA E9-055.0 5-179 Final 316(b) Demonstration 

March 1,2000 
P.98 

5.2.4 Rockfishes 

*~* UJ 

CO 

1 

+ 

% (#/ 

^ 

CA 

c CD 

Q Mean

0.48 — 

0.44 — 

0.40-1 

0.36 ~E 

0.32 — 

0.28 — 

0.24-5 

~ 

0.20 — 

0.16 — 

0.12 A 

O.OB~= 

0.04 — 

o.oo—• 

. 

KGB rockfish complex (Sebastes spp.) 

• 

| I 1

 l i i 

•I* 

lllll l 

990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 

Year 

I 

I 

l 

1996 

i 

I 

1997 

I 

i 

1998 

Figure 5.2.4-5. Annual mean density +/- 2 standard errors (vertical lines) and grand mean 

density for all years combined (horizontal line) for the Intake Cove surface plankton tows. The 

annual mean densities are based on seven consecutive months of data (December through June) 

except for 1990, which had only five months (February through June). 

TENERA E9-055.0 5-180 Final 316(b) Demonstration 

March 1,2000 
5.2.4 Rockfishes 

KGB rockfish complex (Sebastes spp. V_DeA/_DJ - mean duration 

Analysis Period 3: Jul 1997-Jun 1998 

Ps alongaherB 

Estimate 

90% C.l. 

Siz e of Population Relative to Study Grid 

Equivalent Distance Alongshore 

KGB rockfish complex (Sebastes spp. V_De/V_D_) - mean duration 

Analysis Period 4: Jul 1998-Jun 1999 

Estimate 

90% C.l. 

Siz e of Population Relative to Study Grid 

Equivalent Distance Alongshore 

Figure 5.2.4-6a. Total annual entrainment mortality (PM) and 90% confidence interval (CI.) as 

a function of die reciprocal ofthe fraction ofthe population at risk and contained in the study grid 

(j?) used to approximate the alongshore extent of die study grid population expanded on the 

basis of alongshore current movements and the offshore extrapolation of study grid abundance 

extended alongshore using both onshore and alongshore current movements widi 90% C.I.'s 

indicated. 

TENERA E9-055.0 5-181 Final 316(b) Demonstration 

March 1.2000 
P.100 

5.2.4 Rockfishes 

KGB rockfish complex (Sebastes spp. V_DeA/_DJ - maximum duration 

Analysis Period 3: Jul 1997-Jun 1998 

P s alongshor e 

Estimate 

90% C.l. 

Densit y 

Extrapolate d 

Pu - 0.00962 ± 0.0577 

O x C5x 10 x 15 X 20 x 2S x SO x SS x 40 x 

O k m 8 7 k m 17 4 k m 28 1 k m 34 7 k m 43 4 k m B2 1 k m OO B k m SO B k m 

Siz e o f Populatio n Relativ e t o Stud y Gri d 

Equivalen t Distanc e Alongshor e 

KGB rockfish complex (Sebastes spp. V_De/V_D_) - maximum duration 

Analysis Period 4: Jul 1998-Jun 1999 

Density Extrapolated Ps off scale 

1/Pis = 53.9 

Pu = 0.00476 ±0.0467 

Estimate 

90% C.l. 

Ox 

8 7 k m 

l O x 

1 7 4 k m 

1 Sx 

2 0 1 k m 

2 0 x 

3 4 7 k m 

2 B x SOx 

4 3 4 k m 02 1 k m 

SSx 40 x 

0 O S k m as e k m 

Siz e o f Populatio n Relativ e t o Stud y Gn d 

Equivalen t Distanc e Alongshor e 

Figure 5.2.4-6b. Total annual entrainment mortality (f^) and 90% confidence interval (CI.) as 

a function of die reciprocal of die fraction of die population at risk and contained in die study grid 

(f?) used to approximate die alongshore extent ofthe study grid population expanded on the 

basis of alongshore current movements and die offshore extrapolation of study grid abundance 

extended alongshore using bodi onshore and alongshore current movements with 90% CI.'s 

indicated. 

TENERA E9-055.0 5-182 Final 316(b) Demonstration 

March 1.2000