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DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

BUREAU OF STANDARDS

GEORGE K. BURGESS, Director

Miscellaneous Publications No. 39

3d ed., June 1. 1926

Price, 5 cents HOUSEHOLD WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

Circular No. 55, of the Bureau of Standards, entitled "Measurements for the Household," contains in popular form a large amount of information which is very useful about the home. lit addition to discussing weighing and measuring as done in the up-to-date kitchen, this circular treats of the measurement and economical use of heat,

light, gas, electricity, water, time, etc. Copies may be obtained from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C, at 45 cents each.

The object of this card is to present in convenient form the weights and measures tables most useful for household purposes, together with other weights and measures information

of general interest.

Efficient housekeeping requires correct weighing and measuring. In addition to a 4-fluid-ounce glass graduate, a measuring cup, and a set of measuring spoons for cooking use, every

kitchen should be provided with a reliable household weights and measures test set. This will be found indispensable in

checking the amounts of commodities purchased and very

useful for a variety of other purposes. A complete set comprises a weighing scale of from 10 to 30

or more pounds capacity graduated to 1 ounce or less, a set of liquid measures, and a yard measure or a steel tape 3 or 6 feet in length. These pieces should be of simple but rugged construction and of satsfactory accuracy, and should, whenever

possible, be tested by and bear the seal of a weights and

measures official.

ADVICE TO THE HOUSEWIFE

Buy by weight wherever possible. In any event, buy by definite quantity and not by money's

worth. Learn the price per pound, per gallon, etc., of what you buy. Learn to read the scale indications, and observe the weighing

of your purchases.

Check your purchases for price extension and quantity

delivered. Become acquainted with your weights and measures official, and consult him if in doubt on any weights and measures

matter. Buy by weight wherever possible.

EQUIVALENTS OF THE COMMON CAPACITY UNITS USED IN THE KITCHEN

Haiti yfrid Tea- Sub

Tsble-

*?uls

Fluid 1/* cupfuls

Gills

cupfois; Cupfuls Liquid Liquid Cubic

cenli- Liters Unite

1 fluid dram equate . .

.

1 3/4 1/4 l/» 1/10 1/12 1/M 1/128 1/250 3.7 0.004 Equals 1 fluid dram

1 tcAspocinful equals... 11/3 1 1/3 I/O 1/12 1/24 1/48 1/96 1/192 4.9 (LOOS Equsls 1 teaspconful

1 ublsspoonJu) equals. 4 3 1/2 1/4 1/8 1/10 1/32 1/44 IS 0.015 Equals 1 tablespoon1 fluid ounCB equals . .

.

6 2 1 "4 _!/»__ 1,16 _m_ 30 a 030 Equate 1 fluid ounce1/4 cupful equals

1 gill (1/2 cupful)

1 llqnid pint equals

1 liquid quart equals.

.

1 cubic centimeter

1 lucr equals

id

32

04

128

256

0.27

270

12

24

48

90

102a 20

203

4S

Id

32

04

0.008

07.0

3

4

a

10

32

0.034

33,8

1

2

4

1

10

0.017

10,9

1/2

1

2

4

8

0.0084

8 43

1/4

1/2

24

0. 0042

4.23

1/8

1/4

1/2

1

2

0021

2.11

1/10

1/8

1/4

1/2

1

0011

1.00

59

1IB

237

473

940

1

1000

0.059 a 118

0.237

0.473

0.940

1/1000

Equate 1/4 cupful

Equate 1 gill (1. 2 cupEquals I cupful

Equals 1 liquid pint

Equals 1 liquid quart

Equals 1 cubic centlBqusls 1 titer

AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT

27 H grains 16 drams

16 ounces

7000 grains

100 pounds

112 pounds

2000 pounds

2240 pounds

1 dram

1 ounce

1 pound

1 short hundredweight

1 long hundredweight

1 short ton

1 long ton LINEAR MEASURE

12 inches

3 feet

5.J yards

16 J feet 40 rods

8 furlongs 320 rods 1760 yards 5280 feet 6080.20 feet

1 foot

1 yard

jl rod

1 furlong

1 statute mile

1 nautical mile

Note.—A "knot " Is a speed of 1 nautical mile

per hour.

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES TABLES

LIQUID MEASURE

8 fluid drams = 1 fluid ounce

4 fluid ounces = 1 gill 4 gills = 1 pint liquid 2 pints liquid <= 1 quart liquid 4 quarts liquid < 231 cubic inches 1 1 gallon

SQUARE MEASURE

144 square inches

9 square feet 30^ square yards

160 square rods 43560 square feet 160 acres — * Huon« asvu

4 quarter sections^] 640 acres = [l square nule

36 square miles <= 1 township

= 1 square foot = 1 square yard

•= 1 square rod = Jl acre

1 quarter section

DRY MEASURE

2 pints dry = 1 quart dry

8 quarts dry 4 pecks

21S0.42 cubic inches

10S quarts dry 7056 cubic inches

1 peck

jl bushel

1 standard barrel

The pint and quart dry measures are about 16% larger than the pint and quart liquid measures. CUBIC MEASURE

1728 cubic inches = 1 cubic foot 27 cubic feet = 1 cubic yard

128 cubic feet = 1 cord

Note.—A "board foot," used in lumber

measurements, is a volume quivalent to that

of a board 1 foot by 1 foot by 1 loch, or 144 cubic inches.

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Anthracite coal (piled loose)

1 cubic foot = 50 to S7 pounds

1 short ton = 35 to 40 cubic feet

1 long ton = 39 to 45 cubic feet Bituminous coal (piled loose)

1 cubic foot = 44 to 54 pounds

1 short ton = 37 to 45 cubic feet

1 long ton — 42 to 51 cubic feet

Coke (piled loose)

1 cubic foot = 23 to 32 pounds

1 short ton — 62 to 87 cubic feet

1 long ton = 70 to 97 cubic feet Charcoal (of pine and oak)

1 cubic foot = 15 to 30 pounds

Ice:

1 cubic foot = 57 pounds

1 pound = 30 cubic inches

Sugar, granulated:

1 cup

Butter: 1 cup

Lard: 1 cup

Flour: 1 cup

Rice: 1 cup Cornmeal: 1 cup

Raisins (stemmed)

1 cup

pound

pound

pound

pound

\i pound

5 ounces

6 ounces These weights are approximate only and should not be used in trade for determining whether correct measure is given or received. Information concerning the weights per bu

your State laws, your weights and measures

shel of dry commodities which are legal in your State may be obtained by consulting

official, or Circular No. 10 of the Bureau of Standards. COMMON RULES

Rectangle. „ Area= length X width

Solid with rectangular sides__Volume = lengthXwidthXheight

MEASUREMENT

Circle: Circumference = 3. 141 6 X diameter Area = 0.7854 X diameter X diameter

Cylinder: Area (exclusive of that of ends) = 3.1416XdiameterXheigbt Volume = 0.7854 X diameter X diameter X height

INTERNATIONAL METRIC SYSTEM

The fundamental unit of the metric system is the METER (the unit of length). From this the units of mass (GRAM) and capacity (LITER) were derived. All other

units are the decimal subdivisions or multiples of these. These three units are simply

related, so that for all practical purposes the volume of one kilogram of water (one liter)

is equal to one cubic decimeter. When the meaning of the three units and the six prefixes (shown in second column)

is known, the metric system is understood. The design of the system makes it self- explanatory. The tables of derived units form themselves automatically. No tables need be or should be memorized.

Smaller and larger units are named by combining the proper numeral prefix with

the name of the basic unit. The new term is self-defining—for example, "centi-meter." Here "renti" means "the one-hundredth part of," and "meter" means "the unit

of length,'.' so that "centimeter" expresses precisely its meaning, "the one-hundredth

H u rt i t f th il l l ll i t Of Igllfl'h

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METER

LITER GRAM

ARE

MILLI- CENTIDECI- DEKA- HEITOKILO- Ueaily its own definite meaning One meter— as.3V Inrihno fwrtlf) | i titers 1.06 quarts ^nearly).001

.01

Meaning

"the unit of length" "the unit of volume"

"the unit of weight"

"the unit of area"

'the thousandth part of"

'the hundredth part of"

'the tenth part of"

1 gram ^1X04 ayoirdunois ounce taeatlj) METERS

.3m Inch

1 inch —IM cm

HEIGHTS AND WEIGHTS OF CHILDREN

BOYS GIRLS BOYS GIRLS AGE AGE

Height Weight Height Weight Height Weigh! Beighl Weight

eratf. renli- eenll- nnffkilogrami FT. tno. tnchrs mttrrs lha. Of. Jtifoyrom* Inehts mftni 15. oi. kifoyra ms tr. mo. inehn mttm !5». kilogrami utekt* i:.''." i 16*. 01. M birth aot< 52 3 7 10 3.45 aoji 52 1 8 3.25 3 33H 85.7 27 a 12 30 33W

33«

81 1 30 II. 96 1 BH

*'!

50.13 5.90 22 55.9 13 5.90 3 3 34»t 88.3 29 13. 15 86.0 37 4 1134

67.3 18 8. 10 25?i 65.7 16 ia 7.60 3 6 35K 89.9 29 a 12 38 34!4 88.6 X 4 12 81 T 00.3 19 a 8.68 2>'.'j 67.3 17 a 7.88 3 9 36>? 01.8 30 10 12 80 35M 90.5 29 3 12 21 • a 702 19 u 8.08 68.6 18 < 8.38 3 37W 94.3 32 4 14.63 sS

03.3 30 8

10 1184 9 38'< 71.4 10 s 9.34 h

70.2 10 a 868 3 3 96.1 33 1 15 03 94.6 31 14.34 10 as», 72 4 30 14 9.47 70.8 19 a 8.84 3 6 £4 98. 1 33 12 15.31 3838H

96.5 33 1 14.74

11 39 73.7 31 S 9.70 asW 72 1 10 a 9. 13 3 30 99. 1 34 a 15.65 07. S 31 4 15 OH

1 74.0 11 II 9.93 *N 713 30 ia 0.41 4 SB

10O3 35 14 16 27 30 99. 1 33 11 15 31

1 1 75.9 21a

14 10 38 74.6 31 9.53 5 105.7 41 2 18 64 i

104.8 39 11 18.01

i a 7ft. 8 10 43 39^ 74.9 11 10 9.81 6 111. 1 45 a 30 50 1101 43 t 19.64

1 a n 78.33 10 10 73 301? 76.5 11 14 9.93 1

116 1 49 a 22 27 45)4 115.6 47 a 21.55

i \ 31 H 79. 1 34 a 1094 30'i 30H

77.5 23 10 10 35 8 121.3 S3 14 24.45 47M 111.0 52 22 50

1 s SIM 79.7 34 a 11. 11 78. 1 13 14 10 38 9 136.4 SO a 38.85 40H 125.4 57 a 25.90

1 s Sljj so.« 34 10 11. 17 3lt? 79.1 33 e 10 60 10 5|3 131.4 55 S 9.63 51

130 2 63 » 28.

1 7 81.9 81915 a 11.57 siH sao 33 ia 10 77 II 33H 135.3 70 a 31. 84 135 6 68 a 31.31

1 8 as ii 11.68 33 81.3 14 3 10 94 11 55H 1400 76 14 34.88 55H 141.9 78 3 15.51

1 S J3'» 83.5 15 a 11.68 81.9 14 It 11.23 U 57H 145.4 84 ia 38.46 58H 148.0 88 11 40.23

1 10 84.4 30 14 12 19 829 35 4 11.45 a S9'< OH

1521 94 14 43.05 S0!< 152 1 01 « 44.63.

1 11 Si. 4 17 12 25 83.5 as 10 11.63 IS 158.

107 a 48.58 61 H 155.3 io» 2 48.11 5080 16 OS 165. 1 121 54.88 61M 156.5 112

The data for this table were furnished by the Children's Bureau, United States Department of Labor, and is collated from such

leading authorities as Holt, Cnim, Bowditch, and others. There is a variation in height and weight of healthy children of the same age which should be taken into account in using the above figures to judge normal development.

[OVER) it—na