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[Congressional Bills 114th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 4653 Introduced in House (IH)]

<DOC>

114th CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                H. R. 4653

To amend the Safe Drinking Water Act to increase assistance for States, 
    water systems, and disadvantaged communities; to encourage good 
financial and environmental management of water systems; to strengthen 
     the Environmental Protection Agency's ability to enforce the 
            requirements of the Act; and for other purposes.

_______________________________________________________________________

                    IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                           February 29, 2016

Mr. Tonko (for himself, Mr. Pallone, Mrs. Capps, Mr. Cardenas, Mr. Gene 
Green of Texas, and Mr. McNerney) introduced the following bill; which 
          was referred to the Committee on Energy and Commerce

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL

 
To amend the Safe Drinking Water Act to increase assistance for States, 
    water systems, and disadvantaged communities; to encourage good 
financial and environmental management of water systems; to strengthen 
     the Environmental Protection Agency's ability to enforce the 
            requirements of the Act; and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS; REFERENCES.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Assistance, 
Quality, and Affordability Act of 2016''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents of this Act is as 
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents; references.
Sec. 2. Prevailing wages.
Sec. 3. Use of funds.
Sec. 4. Requirements for use of American materials.
Sec. 5. Data on variances, exemptions, and persistent violations.
Sec. 6. Assistance for restructuring.
Sec. 7. Priority and weight of applications.
Sec. 8. Disadvantaged communities.
Sec. 9. Administration of State loan funds.
Sec. 10. State revolving loan funds for American Samoa, Northern 
                            Mariana Islands, Guam, and the Virgin 
                            Islands.
Sec. 11. Authorization of appropriations.
Sec. 12. Affordability of new standards.
Sec. 13. Focus on lifecycle costs.
Sec. 14. Enforcement.
Sec. 15. Presence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in 
                            sources of drinking water.
Sec. 16. Electronic reporting of compliance monitoring data to the 
                            Administrator.
Sec. 17. Best practices for administration of State revolving loan fund 
                            programs.
Sec. 18. Water loss and leak control technology.
Sec. 19. Risks of drought to drinking water.
Sec. 20. Water infrastructure resiliency and sustainability program.
Sec. 21. Reducing lead in drinking water.
    (c) References.--Except as otherwise specified, whenever in this 
Act an amendment is expressed in terms of an amendment to a section or 
other provision, the reference shall be considered to be made to a 
section or other provision of the Safe Drinking Water Act (42 U.S.C. 
300f et seq.).

SEC. 2. PREVAILING WAGES.

    Subsection (e) of section 1450 (42 U.S.C. 300j-9) is amended to 
read as follows:
    ``(e) Labor Standards.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator shall take such action 
        as the Administrator determines to be necessary to ensure that 
        each laborer and mechanic employed by a contractor or 
        subcontractor in connection with a construction project 
        financed, in whole or in part, by a grant, loan, loan 
        guarantee, refinancing, or any other form of financial 
        assistance provided under this title (including assistance 
        provided by a State loan fund established under section 1452) 
        is paid wages at a rate of not less than the wages prevailing 
        for the same type of work on similar construction in the 
        immediate locality, as determined by the Secretary of Labor in 
        accordance with subchapter IV of chapter 31 of title 40, United 
        States Code.
            ``(2) Authority of secretary of labor.--With respect to the 
        labor standards specified in this subsection, the Secretary of 
        Labor shall have the authority and functions established in 
        Reorganization Plan Numbered 14 of 1950 (5 U.S.C. App.) and 
        section 3145 of title 40, United States Code.''.

SEC. 3. USE OF FUNDS.

    Section 1452(a)(2) (42 U.S.C. 300j-12(a)(2)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``Except as otherwise'' and inserting the 
        following:
                    ``(A) In general.--Except as otherwise'';
            (2) by striking ``Financial assistance under this section'' 
        and inserting the following:
                    ``(B) Permissible expenditures.--Financial 
                assistance under this section'';
            (3) by striking ``The funds may also be used'' and 
        inserting the following:
                    ``(D) Certain loans.--Financial assistance under 
                this section may also be used'';
            (4) by striking ``The funds shall not be used'' and 
        inserting the following:
                    ``(E) Limitation.--Financial assistance under this 
                section shall not be used'';
            (5) by striking ``Of the amount credited'' and inserting 
        the following:
                    ``(F) Set-aside.--Of the amount credited'';
            (6) in subparagraph (B) (as designated by paragraph (2)) by 
        striking ``(not'' and inserting ``(including expenditures for 
        planning, design, siting, and associated preconstruction 
        activities, for replacing or rehabilitating aging treatment, 
        storage, or distribution facilities of public water systems, or 
        for producing or capturing sustainable energy on site or 
        through the transportation of water through the public water 
        system, but not''; and
            (7) by inserting after such subparagraph (B) the following:
                    ``(C) Sale of bonds.--If a State issues revenue or 
                general obligation bonds to provide all or part of the 
                State contribution required by subsection (e), and the 
                proceeds of the sale of such bonds will be deposited 
                into the State loan fund--
                            ``(i) financial assistance made available 
                        under this section may be used by the State as 
                        security for payment of the principal and 
                        interest on such bonds; and
                            ``(ii) interest earnings of the State loan 
                        fund may be used by the State as revenue for 
                        payment of the principal and interest on such 
                        bonds.''.

SEC. 4. REQUIREMENTS FOR USE OF AMERICAN MATERIALS.

    Section 1452(a) (42 U.S.C. 300j-12(a)) is amended by adding at the 
end the following new paragraph:
            ``(4) Requirements for use of american materials.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Notwithstanding any other 
                provision of law, none of the funds made available by a 
                State loan fund as authorized under this section may be 
                used for a project for the construction, alteration, 
                maintenance, or repair of a public water system unless 
                all of the iron and steel products used in such project 
                are produced in the United States.
                    ``(B) Application.--Subparagraph (A) shall not 
                apply in any case in which the Administrator (in 
                consultation with the Governor of the State) finds 
                that--
                            ``(i) applying subparagraph (A) would be 
                        inconsistent with the public interest;
                            ``(ii) iron and steel products are not 
                        produced in the United States in sufficient and 
                        reasonably available quantities and of a 
                        satisfactory quality; or
                            ``(iii) inclusion of iron and steel 
                        products produced in the United States will 
                        increase the cost of the overall project by 
                        more than 25 percent.
                    ``(C) Waiver.--If the Administrator receives a 
                request for a waiver under this section, the 
                Administrator shall--
                            ``(i) make available to the public, on an 
                        informal basis, a copy of the request and 
                        information available to the Administrator 
                        concerning the request;
                            ``(ii) make the request and accompanying 
                        information available by electronic means, 
                        including on the official public Internet site 
                        of the Environmental Protection Agency; and
                            ``(iii) allow for informal public input on 
                        the request for at least 15 days prior to 
                        making a finding based on the request.
                    ``(D) Consistency with international agreements.--
                This paragraph shall be applied in a manner consistent 
                with United States obligations under international 
                agreements.
                    ``(E) Definition of iron and steel products.--In 
                this paragraph, the term `iron and steel products' 
                means the following products made primarily of iron or 
                steel: lined or unlined pipes and fittings, manhole 
                covers and other municipal castings, hydrants, tanks, 
                flanges, pipe clamps and restraints, valves, structural 
                steel, reinforced precast concrete, and construction 
                materials.''.

SEC. 5. DATA ON VARIANCES, EXEMPTIONS, AND PERSISTENT VIOLATIONS.

    Section 1452(b)(2) (42 U.S.C. 300j-12(b)(2)) is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (2) in subparagraph (C), by striking the period at the end 
        and inserting ``; and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(D) a list of all water systems within the State 
                that have in effect an exemption or variance for any 
                national primary drinking water regulation or that are 
                in persistent violation of the requirements for any 
                maximum contaminant level or treatment technique under 
                a national primary drinking water regulation, including 
                identification of--
                            ``(i) the national primary drinking water 
                        regulation in question for each such exemption, 
                        variance, or violation; and
                            ``(ii) the date on which the exemption or 
                        variance came into effect or the violation 
                        began.''.

SEC. 6. ASSISTANCE FOR RESTRUCTURING.

    (a) Definition.--Section 1401 (42 U.S.C. 300f) is amended by adding 
at the end the following:
            ``(17) Restructuring.--The term `restructuring' means 
        changes in operations (including ownership, management, 
        cooperative partnerships, joint purchasing arrangements, 
        consolidation, and alternative water supply).''.
    (b) Restructuring.--Clause (ii) of section 1452(a)(3)(B) (42 U.S.C. 
300j-12(a)(3)(B)) is amended by striking ``changes in operations 
(including ownership, management, accounting, rates, maintenance, 
consolidation, alternative water supply, or other procedures)'' and 
inserting ``restructuring''.

SEC. 7. PRIORITY AND WEIGHT OF APPLICATIONS.

    (a) Priority.--Section 1452(b)(3) (42 U.S.C. 300j-12(b)(3)) is 
amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (A)--
                    (A) in clause (ii), by striking ``and'' at the end;
                    (B) in clause (iii), by striking the period at the 
                end and inserting ``; and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(iv) improve the ability of systems to 
                        protect human health and comply with the 
                        requirements of this title affordably in the 
                        future.'';
            (2) by redesignating subparagraph (B) as subparagraph (D);
            (3) by inserting after subparagraph (A) the following:
                    ``(B) Affordability of new standards.--For any year 
                in which enforcement begins for a new national primary 
                drinking water standard, each State that has entered 
                into a capitalization agreement pursuant to this 
                section shall evaluate whether capital improvements 
                required to meet the standard are affordable for 
                disadvantaged communities (as defined in subsection 
                (d)(3)) in the State. If the State finds that such 
                capital improvements do not meet affordability criteria 
                for disadvantaged communities in the State, the State's 
                intended use plan shall provide that priority for the 
                use of funds for such year be given to public water 
                systems affected by the standard and serving 
                disadvantaged communities.
                    ``(C) Weight given to applications.--After 
                determining priority under subparagraphs (A) and (B), 
                an intended use plan shall provide that the State will 
                give greater weight to an application for assistance if 
                the application contains--
                            ``(i) a description of measures undertaken 
                        by the system to improve the management and 
                        financial stability of the system, which may 
                        include--
                                    ``(I) an inventory of assets, 
                                including a description of the 
                                condition of the assets;
                                    ``(II) a schedule for replacement 
                                of assets;
                                    ``(III) an audit of water losses;
                                    ``(IV) a financing plan that 
                                factors in all lifecycle costs 
                                indicating sources of revenue from 
                                ratepayers, grants, bonds, other loans, 
                                and other sources to meet the costs; 
                                and
                                    ``(V) a review of options for 
                                restructuring;
                            ``(ii) a demonstration of consistency with 
                        State, regional, and municipal watershed plans;
                            ``(iii) a water conservation plan 
                        consistent with guidelines developed for such 
                        plans by the Administrator under section 
                        1455(a); and
                            ``(iv) a description of measures undertaken 
                        by the system to improve the efficiency of the 
                        system or reduce the system's environmental 
                        impact, which may include--
                                    ``(I) water efficiency or 
                                conservation, including the 
                                rehabilitation or replacement of 
                                existing leaking pipes;
                                    ``(II) use of reclaimed water;
                                    ``(III) actions to increase energy 
                                efficiency;
                                    ``(IV) actions to generate or 
                                capture sustainable energy on site or 
                                through the transportation of water 
                                through the system;
                                    ``(V) actions to protect source 
                                water;
                                    ``(VI) actions to mitigate or 
                                prevent corrosion, including design, 
                                selection of materials, selection of 
                                coating, and cathodic protection; and
                                    ``(VII) actions to reduce 
                                disinfection byproducts.''; and
            (4) in subparagraph (D) (as redesignated by paragraph (2)) 
        by striking ``periodically'' and inserting ``at least 
        biennially''.
    (b) Guidance.--Section 1452 (42 U.S.C. 300j-12) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsection (r) as subsection (t); and
            (2) by inserting after subsection (q) the following:
    ``(r) Small System Guidance.--The Administrator may provide 
guidance and, as appropriate, tools, methodologies, or computer 
software, to assist small systems in undertaking measures to improve 
the management, financial stability, and efficiency of the system or 
reduce the system's environmental impact.''.

SEC. 8. DISADVANTAGED COMMUNITIES.

    (a) Assistance To Increase Compliance.--Section 1452(b)(3) (42 
U.S.C. 300j-12(b)(3)), as amended, is further amended by adding at the 
end the following:
                    ``(E) Assistance to increase compliance.--A State's 
                intended use plan shall provide that, of the funds 
                received by the State through a capitalization grant 
                under this section for a fiscal year, the State will, 
                to the extent that there are sufficient eligible 
                project applications, reserve not less than 6 percent 
                to be spent on assistance under subsection (d) to 
                public water systems included in the State's most 
                recent list under paragraph (2)(D).''.
    (b) Assistance for Disadvantaged Communities.--Section 1452(d) (42 
U.S.C. 300j-12(d)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by adding at the end the following: 
        ``Such additional subsidization shall directly and primarily 
        benefit the disadvantaged community.''; and
            (2) in paragraph (3), by inserting ``, or portion of a 
        service area,'' after ``service area''.
    (c) Affordability Criteria.--Section 1452(d)(3) is amended by 
adding at the end: ``Each State that has entered into a capitalization 
agreement pursuant to this section shall, in establishing affordability 
criteria, consider, solicit public comment on, and include as 
appropriate--
                    ``(A) the methods or criteria that the State will 
                use to identify disadvantaged communities;
                    ``(B) a description of the institutional, 
                regulatory, financial, tax, or legal factors at the 
                Federal, State, or local level that affect identified 
                affordability criteria; and
                    ``(C) a description of how the State will use the 
                authorities and resources under this subsection to 
                assist communities meeting the identified criteria.''.

SEC. 9. ADMINISTRATION OF STATE LOAN FUNDS.

    Section 1452(g) (42 U.S.C. 300j-12(g)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2)--
                    (A) in the first sentence, by striking ``up to 4 
                percent of the funds allotted to the State under this 
                section'' and inserting ``, for each fiscal year, an 
                amount that does not exceed the sum of the amount of 
                any fees collected by the State for use in covering 
                reasonable costs of administration of programs under 
                this section, regardless of the source, and an amount 
                equal to the greatest of $400,000, \1/5\ of one percent 
                of the current valuation of the State loan fund, or 6 
                percent of all grant awards to the State loan fund 
                under this section for the fiscal year,'';
                    (B) by striking ``1419,'' and all that follows 
                through ``1993.'' and inserting ``1419.''; and
                    (C) in the matter following subparagraph (D), by 
                striking ``2 percent'' and inserting ``4 percent''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(5) Transfer of funds.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Governor of a State may--
                            ``(i) reserve for any fiscal year not more 
                        than the lesser of--
                                    ``(I) 33 percent of a 
                                capitalization grant made under this 
                                section; or
                                    ``(II) 33 percent of a 
                                capitalization grant made under section 
                                601 of the Federal Water Pollution 
                                Control Act; and
                            ``(ii) add the funds so reserved to any 
                        funds provided to the State under this section 
                        or section 601 of the Federal Water Pollution 
                        Control Act.
                    ``(B) State matching funds.--Funds reserved under 
                this paragraph shall not be considered for purposes of 
                calculating the amount of a State contribution required 
                by subsection (e) of this section or section 602(b) of 
                the Federal Water Pollution Control Act.''.

SEC. 10. STATE REVOLVING LOAN FUNDS FOR AMERICAN SAMOA, NORTHERN 
              MARIANA ISLANDS, GUAM, AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.

    Section 1452(j) (42 U.S.C. 300j-12(j)) is amended by striking 
``0.33 percent'' and inserting ``1.5 percent''.

SEC. 11. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    Subsection (m) of section 1452 (42 U.S.C. 300j-12) is amended to 
read as follows:
    ``(m) Authorization of Appropriations.--
            ``(1) In general.--There are authorized to be appropriated 
        to carry out this section--
                    ``(A) $3,130,000,000 for fiscal year 2017;
                    ``(B) $3,600,000,000 for fiscal year 2018;
                    ``(C) $4,140,000,000 for fiscal year 2019;
                    ``(D) $4,800,000,000 for fiscal year 2020; and
                    ``(E) $5,500,000,000 for fiscal year 2021.
            ``(2) Availability.--Amounts made available pursuant to 
        this subsection shall remain available until expended.
            ``(3) Reservation for needs surveys.--Of the amount made 
        available under paragraph (1) to carry out this section for a 
        fiscal year, the Administrator may reserve not more than 
        $1,000,000 per year to pay the costs of conducting needs 
        surveys under subsection (h).''.

SEC. 12. AFFORDABILITY OF NEW STANDARDS.

    (a) Treatment Technologies for Small Public Water Systems.--Clause 
(ii) of section 1412(b)(4)(E) (42 U.S.C. 300g-1(b)(4)(E)) is amended by 
adding at the end the following: ``If no technology, treatment 
technique, or other means is included in a list under this subparagraph 
for a category of small public water systems, the Administrator shall 
periodically review the list and supplement it when new technology 
becomes available.''.
    (b) Assistance for Disadvantaged Communities.--
            (1) In general.--Subparagraph (E) of section 1452(a)(1) (42 
        U.S.C. 300j-12(a)(1)) is amended--
                    (A) by striking ``except that the Administrator may 
                reserve'' and inserting ``except that--
                            ``(i) in any year in which enforcement of a 
                        new national primary drinking water standard 
                        begins, the Administrator may use the remaining 
                        amount to make grants to States whose public 
                        water systems are disproportionately affected 
                        by the new standard for the provision of 
                        assistance under subsection (d) to such public 
                        water systems;
                            ``(ii) the Administrator may reserve''; and
                    (B) by striking ``and none of the funds 
                reallotted'' and inserting ``; and
                            ``(iii) none of the funds reallotted''.
            (2) Elimination of certain provisions.--
                    (A) Section 1412(b) (42 U.S.C. 300g-1(b)) is 
                amended by striking paragraph (15).
                    (B) Section 1415 (42 U.S.C. 300g-4) is amended by 
                striking subsection (e).
            (3) Conforming amendments.--
                    (A) Subparagraph (B) of section 1412(b)(6) (42 
                U.S.C. 300g-1(b)(6)) is amended--
                            (i) by striking ``experienced by--'' and 
                        all that follows through ``would justify'' and 
                        inserting ``experienced by persons served by 
                        large public water systems would justify''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``This subparagraph shall 
                        not apply if the contaminant is found almost 
                        exclusively in small systems eligible under 
                        section 1415(e) for a small system variance.''.
                    (B) Subparagraph (B) of section 1414(c)(1) (42 
                U.S.C. 300g-3(c)(1)(B)) is amended by striking ``, 
                (a)(2), or (e)'' and inserting ``or (a)(2)''.
                    (C) Section 1416(b)(2) (42 U.S.C. 300g-5(b)(2)) is 
                amended by striking subparagraph (D).
                    (D) Section 1445(h) (42 U.S.C. 300j-4(h)) is 
                amended--
                            (i) by striking ``sections 1412(b)(4)(E) 
                        and 1415(e) (relating to small system variance 
                        program'' and inserting ``section 
                        1412(b)(4)(E)''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``guidance under sections 
                        1412(b)(4)(E) and 1415(e)'' and inserting 
                        ``guidance under section 1412(b)(4)(E)''.

SEC. 13. FOCUS ON LIFECYCLE COSTS.

    Section 1412(b)(4) (42 U.S.C. 300g-1(b)(4)) is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``taking cost into 
        consideration'' and inserting ``taking lifecycle costs, 
        including maintenance, replacement, and avoided costs, into 
        consideration''; and
            (2) in the matter preceding subclause (I) in subparagraph 
        (E)(ii), by inserting ``taking lifecycle costs, including 
        maintenance, replacement, and avoided costs, into 
        consideration,'' after ``as determined by the Administrator in 
        consultation with the States,''.

SEC. 14. ENFORCEMENT.

    (a) Advice and Technical Assistance.--Section 1414 (42 U.S.C. 300g-
3) is amended--
            (1) in the matter following clause (ii) in subsection 
        (a)(1)(A), by striking ``and provide such advice and technical 
        assistance to such State and public water system as may be 
        appropriate to bring the system into compliance with the 
        requirement by the earliest feasible time''; and
            (2) in subsection (a)(1), by adding at the end the 
        following:
    ``(C) At any time after providing notice of a violation to a State 
and public water system under subparagraph (A), the Administrator may 
provide such advice and technical assistance to such State and public 
water system as may be appropriate to bring the system into compliance 
with the requirement by the earliest feasible time. In deciding whether 
the provision of advice or technical assistance is appropriate, the 
Administrator may consider the potential for the violation to result in 
serious adverse effects to human health, whether the violation has 
occurred continuously or frequently, and the effectiveness of past 
technical assistance efforts.''.
    (b) Additional Inspections.--
            (1) In general.--Section 1414 (42 U.S.C. 300g-3) is 
        amended--
                    (A) by redesignating subsections (d) through (i) as 
                subsections (e) through (j), respectively; and
                    (B) by inserting after subsection (c) the 
                following:
    ``(d) Additional Inspections Following Violations.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator shall, by regulation, 
        and after consultation with the States, prescribe the number, 
        frequency, and type of additional inspections to follow any 
        violation requiring notice under subsection (c). Regulations 
        under this subsection shall--
                    ``(A) take into account--
                            ``(i) differences between violations that 
                        are intermittent or infrequent and violations 
                        that are continuous or frequent;
                            ``(ii) the seriousness of any potential 
                        adverse health effects that may be involved; 
                        and
                            ``(iii) the number and severity of past 
                        violations by the public water system; and
                    ``(B) specify procedures for inspections following 
                a violation by a public water system that has the 
                potential to have serious adverse effects on human 
                health as a result of short-term exposure.
            ``(2) State primary enforcement responsibility.--Nothing in 
        this subsection shall be construed or applied to modify the 
        requirements of section 1413.''.
            (2) Conforming amendments.--
                    (A) Subsections (a)(1)(B), (a)(2)(A), and (b) of 
                section 1414 (42 U.S.C. 300g-3) are amended by striking 
                ``subsection (g)'' each place it appears and inserting 
                ``subsection (h)''.
                    (B) Section 1448(a) is amended by striking 
                ``1414(g)(3)(B)'' and inserting ``1414(h)(3)(B)''.

SEC. 15. PRESENCE OF PHARMACEUTICALS AND PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS IN 
              SOURCES OF DRINKING WATER.

    Subsection (a) of section 1442 (42 U.S.C. 300j-1) is amended by 
adding at the end the following:
    ``(11) Presence of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in 
Sources of Drinking Water.--
            ``(A) Study.--The Administrator shall carry out a study on 
        the presence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in 
        sources of drinking water, which shall--
                    ``(i) identify pharmaceuticals and personal care 
                products that have been detected in sources of drinking 
                water and the levels at which such pharmaceuticals and 
                personal care products have been detected;
                    ``(ii) identify the sources of pharmaceuticals and 
                personal care products in sources of drinking water, 
                including point sources and nonpoint sources of 
                pharmaceutical and personal care products;
                    ``(iii) identify the effects of such products on 
                humans, the environment, and the safety of drinking 
                water; and
                    ``(iv) identify methods to control, limit, treat, 
                or prevent the presence of such products.
            ``(B) Consultation.--The Administrator shall conduct the 
        study described in subparagraph (A) in consultation with the 
        Secretary of Health and Human Services (acting through the 
        Commissioner of Food and Drugs), the Director of the United 
        States Geological Survey, the heads of other appropriate 
        Federal agencies (including the National Institute of 
        Environmental Health Sciences), and other interested 
        stakeholders (including manufacturers of pharmaceuticals and 
        personal care products and consumer groups and advocates).
            ``(C) Report.--Not later than 4 years after the date of the 
        enactment of this paragraph, the Administrator shall submit to 
        the Congress a report on the results of the study carried out 
        under this paragraph.
            ``(D) Definitions.--In this paragraph:
                    ``(i) The term `personal care product' has the 
                meaning given the term `cosmetic' in section 201 of the 
                Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.
                    ``(ii) The term `pharmaceutical' has the meaning 
                given the term `drug' in section 201 of the Federal 
                Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.''.

SEC. 16. ELECTRONIC REPORTING OF COMPLIANCE MONITORING DATA TO THE 
              ADMINISTRATOR.

    (a) Requirement.--Section 1414 (42 U.S.C. 300g-3), as amended, is 
further amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(k) Electronic Reporting of Compliance Monitoring Data to the 
Administrator.--The Administrator shall by rule establish requirements 
for--
            ``(1) electronic submission by public water systems of all 
        compliance monitoring data--
                    ``(A) to the Administrator; or
                    ``(B) with respect to public water systems in a 
                State which has primary enforcement responsibility 
                under section 1413, to such State; and
            ``(2) electronic submission to the Administrator by each 
        State which has primary enforcement responsibility under 
        section 1413 of all compliance monitoring data submitted to 
        such State by public water systems pursuant to paragraph 
        (1)(B).''.
    (b) Final Rule.--Not later than 12 months after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Environmental 
Protection Agency shall issue a final rule to carry out section 1414(k) 
of the Safe Drinking Water Act, as added by subsection (a).

SEC. 17. BEST PRACTICES FOR ADMINISTRATION OF STATE REVOLVING LOAN FUND 
              PROGRAMS.

    Section 1452 (42 U.S.C. 300j-12) is amended by inserting after 
subsection (r), as added by section 7(b), the following:
    ``(s) Best Practices for Program Administration.--The Administrator 
shall--
            ``(1) collect information from States on administration of 
        State programs with respect to State loan funds, including--
                    ``(A) efforts to streamline the process for 
                applying for assistance through such programs;
                    ``(B) programs in place to assist with the 
                completion of application forms;
                    ``(C) incentives provided to systems that partner 
                with small public water systems for the application 
                process; and
                    ``(D) techniques to ensure that obligated balances 
                are liquidated in a timely fashion;
            ``(2) not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of 
        the Assistance, Quality, and Affordability Act of 2016, 
        disseminate to the States best practices for administration of 
        such programs, based on the information collected pursuant to 
        this subsection; and
            ``(3) periodically update such best practices, as 
        appropriate.''.

SEC. 18. WATER LOSS AND LEAK CONTROL TECHNOLOGY.

    Part E of the Safe Drinking Water Act (42 U.S.C. 300j et seq.) is 
amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 1460. WATER LOSS AND LEAK CONTROL TECHNOLOGY.

    ``The Administrator shall--
            ``(1) not later than 5 years after the date of enactment of 
        the Assistance, Quality, and Affordability Act of 2016, develop 
        criteria for effective water loss and leak control technology 
        to be used by water systems; and
            ``(2) implement a program through which a manufacturer of 
        such technology may apply, on a voluntary basis, for 
        certification of compliance with such criteria.''.

SEC. 19. RISKS OF DROUGHT TO DRINKING WATER.

    Part E of the Safe Drinking Water Act (42 U.S.C. 300j et seq.), as 
amended, is further amended by adding at the end the following new 
section:

``SEC. 1460A. DROUGHT RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT.

    ``(a) Strategic Plan.--
            ``(1) Development.--Not later than 90 days after the date 
        of enactment of this section, the Administrator shall develop 
        and submit to Congress a strategic plan for assessing and 
        managing the risks of drought to drinking water provided by 
        public water systems. The strategic plan shall include steps 
        and timelines to--
                    ``(A) evaluate the risks posed by drought to 
                drinking water provided by public water systems;
                    ``(B) establish a comprehensive list of the effects 
                of drought on drinking water provided by public water 
                systems which the Administrator determines may have an 
                adverse effect on human health;
                    ``(C) summarize--
                            ``(i) the known adverse human health 
                        effects resulting from the effects of drought 
                        on drinking water included on the list 
                        established under subparagraph (B);
                            ``(ii) factors that cause drought; and
                            ``(iii) factors that exacerbate the effects 
                        of drought on drinking water provided by public 
                        water systems;
                    ``(D) with respect to the effects of drought on 
                drinking water included on the list established under 
                subparagraph (B), determine whether to--
                            ``(i) establish guidance regarding feasible 
                        analytical methods to quantify such effects; 
                        and
                            ``(ii) establish guidance regarding the 
                        frequency of monitoring necessary to detect 
                        such effects;
                    ``(E) recommend feasible treatment options, 
                including procedures, equipment, and source water 
                protection practices, to mitigate such effects; and
                    ``(F) enter into cooperative agreements with, and 
                provide technical assistance to, affected States and 
                public water systems, as identified by the 
                Administrator, for the purpose of managing risks 
                associated with the effects of drought on drinking 
                water.
            ``(2) Updates.--The Administrator shall, as appropriate, 
        update and submit to Congress the strategic plan developed 
        under paragraph (1).
    ``(b) Information Coordination.--In carrying out this section the 
Administrator shall--
            ``(1) identify gaps in the Agency's understanding of the 
        effects of drought on drinking water provided by public water 
        systems, including--
                    ``(A) the human health effects of drought; and
                    ``(B) methods and means of testing and monitoring 
                for the effects of drought on source water of, or 
                drinking water provided by, public water systems;
            ``(2) as appropriate, consult with--
                    ``(A) other Federal agencies that--
                            ``(i) examine or analyze drought; or
                            ``(ii) address public health concerns 
                        related to drought;
                    ``(B) States;
                    ``(C) operators of public water systems;
                    ``(D) multinational agencies;
                    ``(E) foreign governments;
                    ``(F) research and academic institutions; and
                    ``(G) companies that provide relevant drinking 
                water treatment options; and
            ``(3) assemble and publish information from each Federal 
        agency that has--
                    ``(A) examined or analyzed drought; or
                    ``(B) addressed public health concerns related to 
                drought.
    ``(c) Use of Science.--The Administrator shall carry out this 
section in accordance with the requirements described in section 
1412(b)(3)(A), as applicable.
    ``(d) Feasible.--For purposes of this section, the term `feasible' 
has the meaning given such term in section 1412(b)(4)(D).''.

SEC. 20. DRINKING WATER INFRASTRUCTURE RESILIENCY AND SUSTAINABILITY 
              PROGRAM.

    Part E of the Safe Drinking Water Act (42 U.S.C. 300j et seq.), as 
amended, is further amended by adding at the end the following new 
section:

``SEC. 1460B. DRINKING WATER INFRASTRUCTURE RESILIENCY AND 
              SUSTAINABILITY PROGRAM.

    ``(a) Program.--The Administrator shall establish and implement a 
program, to be known as the Drinking Water Infrastructure Resiliency 
and Sustainability Program, for the purpose of increasing the 
resiliency or adaptability of public water systems to changing 
hydrologic conditions. The goals of such program are--
            ``(1) to promote more efficient water use in public water 
        systems;
            ``(2) to promote more efficient energy use in public water 
        systems; and
            ``(3) to ensure that public water systems maintain a 
        reliable, safe drinking water supply for their customers.
    ``(b) Grants.--The Administrator shall establish criteria for 
providing assistance and awarding grants under the program established 
under this section to owners and operators of public water systems to 
carry out eligible projects.
    ``(c) Eligible Projects.--For purposes of this section, the term 
`eligible project' means a project for the planning, design, 
construction, implementation, operation, or maintenance of an 
improvement to a public water system that meets the purpose described 
in subsection (a) by--
            ``(1) improving or expanding the water supply of an 
        existing public water system, including enhancement of water 
        use efficiency;
            ``(2) modifying or relocating existing public water system 
        infrastructure projected to be significantly impaired by 
        changing hydrologic conditions;
            ``(3) preserving or improving water quality;
            ``(4) enhancing source water protection;
            ``(5) enhancing energy efficiency or the use and generation 
        of renewable energy in the conveyance or treatment of drinking 
        water;
            ``(6) promoting the adoption and use of water reuse and 
        recycling by customers served by the public water system, 
        including the use of gray water systems; and
            ``(7) implementing measures to increase the resilience of 
        public water systems to rapid hydrologic change or a natural 
        disaster.
    ``(d) Application.--To seek a grant under this section the owner or 
operator of a public water system shall submit to the Administrator a 
proposal for an eligible project that includes, as appropriate--
            ``(1) a description of the risk to the source water or 
        infrastructure of the public water system resulting from 
        changes to the hydrologic system of the region in which the 
        public water system is located;
            ``(2) a description of how the proposed eligible project 
        would address the risk due to the changes in hydrologic 
        conditions and enhance the resiliency of the public water 
        system;
            ``(3) a description of how the proposed project will 
        enhance efficiency in the use of energy by the public water 
        system;
            ``(4) a description of how the proposed project will 
        enhance the quality and quantity of the water supply for the 
        public water system; and
            ``(5) a description of how the proposed eligible project is 
        consistent with or contributes to any applicable State, tribal, 
        or local climate adaptation plan.
    ``(e) Priority.--
            ``(1) Drinking water systems at greatest and most immediate 
        risk.--In awarding grants under this section, the Administrator 
        shall give priority to public water systems that are at the 
        greatest and most immediate risk of facing significant negative 
        impacts due to changing hydrologic conditions.
            ``(2) Goals.--In selecting among public water systems 
        described in paragraph (1), the Administrator shall ensure 
        that, to the extent practicable, for each year, eligible 
        projects for which grants are awarded will use innovative 
        approaches to meet one or more of the goals of the program 
        described in subsection (a).
    ``(f) Cost-Sharing.--
            ``(1) Federal share.--The Federal share of the cost of any 
        eligible project for which a grant is awarded by the 
        Administrator to an owner or operator of a public water system 
        under this section shall not exceed 50 percent of the cost of 
        the eligible project.
            ``(2) Calculation of non-federal share.--In calculating the 
        non-Federal share of the cost of an eligible project, the 
        Administrator shall--
                    ``(A) include the value of any in-kind services 
                that are integral to the completion of the eligible 
                project, including reasonable administrative and 
                overhead costs; and
                    ``(B) not include any other amount that the owner 
                or operator of a public water system receives from the 
                Federal Government.
    ``(g) Report to Congress.--Not later than 3 years after the date of 
the enactment of this section, and every 3 years thereafter, the 
Administrator shall submit to Congress a report on progress in 
implementing this section, including information on project 
applications received and funded annually.
    ``(h) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out this section $50,000,000 for each of fiscal 
years 2017 through 2021.''.

SEC. 21. REDUCING LEAD IN DRINKING WATER.

    Section 1417 (42 U.S.C. 300g-6) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
    ``(f) Replacing Lead Service Lines.--
            ``(1) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                    ``(A) Eligible entity.--The term `eligible entity' 
                means--
                            ``(i) an owner or operator of a public 
                        water system;
                            ``(ii) a qualified nonprofit organization, 
                        as determined by the Administrator; or
                            ``(iii) a municipality or a State, 
                        interstate, or intermunicipal agency.
                    ``(B) Lead pipe replacement program.--The term 
                `lead pipe replacement program' means a project or 
                activity the primary purpose of which is to eliminate 
                lead in water for human consumption by--
                            ``(i) replacing lead service lines;
                            ``(ii) testing, planning, or carrying out 
                        other relevant activities, as determined by the 
                        Administrator, to identify the location and 
                        condition of lead service lines; or
                            ``(iii) providing assistance to low-income 
                        homeowners to replace privately owned lead 
                        service lines.
                    ``(C) Lead service line.--The term `lead service 
                line' means a service line made of lead within a public 
                water system, including pipes that connect the water 
                main to the building inlet, privately owned lead 
                service lines that deliver water for human consumption 
                from a public water system to a building inlet, and any 
                lead pigtail, gooseneck, or other fitting that is 
                connected to such lead lines.
                    ``(D) Low-income homeowner.--The term `low-income 
                homeowner' has such meaning as may be given the term by 
                the Governor of the applicable State.
            ``(2) Grant program.--
                    ``(A) Establishment.--Not later than 180 days after 
                the date of enactment of this subsection, the 
                Administrator shall establish a grant program to 
                provide assistance to eligible entities for lead pipe 
                replacement programs.
                    ``(B) Evaluation.--In determining whether to 
                provide assistance to an eligible entity under this 
                subsection, the Administrator shall evaluate whether 
                the eligible entity has--
                            ``(i) a current inventory of lead service 
                        lines in the applicable public water system;
                            ``(ii) a plan to notify customers of such 
                        public water system of the replacement of any 
                        publicly owned portion of a lead service line;
                            ``(iii) a plan to replace the privately 
                        owned portion of a lead service line at the 
                        cost of replacement;
                            ``(iv) a plan for a program of assistance 
                        to low-income homeowners to replace the 
                        privately owned portion of lead service lines; 
                        or
                            ``(v) a plan of recommended measures to 
                        avoid exposure of the public to short-term 
                        increases in lead levels following a lead 
                        service line replacement.
                    ``(C) Priority application.--In providing 
                assistance under this subsection, the Administrator 
                shall give priority to an eligible entity that--
                            ``(i) will carry out a lead pipe 
                        replacement program at a public water system 
                        that has exceeded the lead action level 
                        established by the Administrator at any time 
                        during the 3-year period preceding the date of 
                        submission of the application of the eligible 
                        entity;
                            ``(ii) will address lead levels in water 
                        for human consumption at a school, daycare, or 
                        other facility that primarily serves children 
                        or subpopulations at greater risk as identified 
                        under section 1458(a);
                            ``(iii) will include in the lead pipe 
                        replacement program a program to provide 
                        assistance to low-income homeowners; or
                            ``(iv) addresses such priority criteria as 
                        the Administrator may establish, consistent 
                        with the goal of reducing lead in water for 
                        human consumption.
                    ``(D) Cost sharing.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Subject to clause (ii), 
                        the non-Federal share of the total cost of a 
                        program funded by a grant provided under this 
                        subsection shall be not less than 20 percent.
                            ``(ii) Waiver.--The Administrator may 
                        reduce or eliminate the non-Federal share 
                        required under clause (i) for reasons of 
                        affordability, as the Administrator determines 
                        to be appropriate.
                    ``(E) Low-income homeowner assistance.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Subject to clauses (ii) 
                        and (iii), an eligible entity may use a grant 
                        provided under this subsection to provide 
                        assistance to low-income homeowners to replace 
                        privately owned lead service lines.
                            ``(ii) Low-income homeowner assistance 
                        cap.--Of the funds made available to carry out 
                        this subsection, not more than $10,000,000 may 
                        be allocated to provide assistance to low-
                        income homeowners under this subparagraph for 
                        any fiscal year.
                            ``(iii) Limitation.--The amount of 
                        assistance provided to an individual low-income 
                        homeowner under this subparagraph shall not 
                        exceed $10,000.
            ``(3) Guidance.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
        enactment of this subsection the Administrator shall, in 
        cooperation with States and qualified nonprofit organizations, 
        develop guidance for owners and operators of public water 
        systems to assist such owners and operators in the preparation 
        of an inventory of lead service lines in their public water 
        system.
            ``(4) Authorization of appropriations.--There is authorized 
        to be appropriated to carry out this subsection $100,000,000 
        for each of fiscal years 2017 through 2021.''.
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