THE EAGLE, GLOBE,

AND ANCHOR

1868-1968

HISTORY AND MUSEUMS DIVISION

HEADQUARTERS, U.S. MARINE CORPS

WASHINGTON, D.C.
MARINE CORPS MUSEUM TECHNICAL MONOGRAPH SERIES

This Technical Monograph Series is prepared under the direction of the Senior

Historian and will include other works similar in nature. These are largely derived

from the museum's material collections and are designed to explore in depth the

particular subject addressed.

It is hoped that the Series will stimulate interest in the more obscure aspects of

the material history of the Marine Corps and at the same time introduce a specialized

reference document of considerable utility to the historical researcher as well as

the technician.

The Marine Corps Museum is located a few miles south of Washington, D. C., just off Interstate 95 and is open daily to the public free of charge. The research

facilities are open to users who have obtained prior authorization from the Curator

from 8:00 a. m. to 4:30 p. m. Monday through Friday, federal holidays excepted.

COVER SEAL

The device reproduced on the front cover is an interpretation

of an 1812 United States Marine Corps hat device by JoAnn Wood.

For s&e by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402

Stock No. 008-055-00117-0
THE EAGLE, GLOBE,

AND ANCHOR

1868-1968

By

Colonel John A. Driscoll, USMCR

PCN 19000319900

HISTORY AND MUSEUMS DIVISION

HEADQUARTERS, U. S. MARINE CORPS

WASHINGTON, D. C.

Printed 1971

Reprinted 1977
1'or sale by the Buperlnteiident of Document., U.S. Government Printing Office

Washington, D.C. 20402

Stock No. OO8-OM-00fl7-0
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

CHAPTER INTRODUCTION 1

I 1868—1876 5

II 1876—1892 11

III 1892—1904 19

IV 1904—1914 31

V 1914—1922 37

VI 1922—1930 51

VII 1930—1937 61

VIII 1937—1949 67

IX 1949—1962 83

X 1962—1968 97

APPENDICES

Page

A. The 1868 Fatigue Cap Ornament. 103

B. The 1869 Officer's Epaulette Ornament 105

C. The 1875 Uniform Ornaments 107

D. The 1892 Uniform Ornaments. 109

E. The 1900 Uniform Ornaments. 111

F. The 1904 And 1908 Uniform Ornaments. 113

G. The 1912 And 1917 Uniform Ornaments. 117

H. The 1922 Uniform Ornaments. 121

I. The 1929 Uniform Ornaments. 127

J. The 1937 Uniform Ornaments. 135

K. The 1943 Women's Reserve Uniform Ornaments. 141

L. The 1945 Women's Reserve Uniform Ornaments. 145

M. The 1949 Uniform Ornaments. 147

N. The 1962 Uniform Ornaments. 157

0. The 1966 Uniform Ornaments. 161

111

INTRODUCTION

ILLUSTRATIONS

Officer's fatigue cap ornament photograph submitted together with

the Boards recommendation to Secretary of the Navy Gideon Wells by Brig. Gen. Comdt. Jacob Zeilen on 17 Nov. 1868 for approval.

Officer's fatigue cap ornament photograph sent to posts and stations

on 30 Nov. 1868.

Officer's fatigue cap ornament photograph (rear view) sent to posts and stations on 30 Nov. 1868.

Officer's fatigue cap ornament, 1868-1876.

Officer's fatigue cap ornament, 1868-1876. Observe, showing the globe and eagle separated from the dark blue cloth upon which

the foul anchor is embroidered in gold bullion.

Officer's fatigue cap ornament, 1868-1876. Reverse, showing the globe and eagle separated from the dark blue cloth upon which

the foul anchor is embroidered in gold bullion.

Enlisted hat plate, circa. 1812

Enlisted cap ornament, circa. 1834—1840.

Officer's full dress cap ornament, 1859—1876.

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

CHAPTER I

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9

CHAPTER II

Figure 10

Figure 11

Figure 12

Figure 13

Figure 14.

Figure 15

Figure 16

"Richly-gilt United Stites shield" for the officer's full-dress hat

ornament, 1876—1892.

"Silver Corps device" for the officer's full-dress hat ornament,

187 6—1892.

Officer in full-dress uniform prescribed by the 1875 Uniform

Regulations.

Officer's undress cap ornament, 1876-1892; officer's fatigue cap

ornament, 1876—1881.

Enlisted full—dress hat ornament, 1876—1892.

Enlisted Marine in the full-dress uniform worn from 1876-1891(2).

Enlisted undress cap and fatigue cap ornament illustrated in the

1875 Uniform Regulations.

V
ILLUSTRATIONS (Cont'd)

Figure 17 Enlisted Marine in the full-dress coat and undress cap prescribed

by the 1875 Uniform Regulations.

Figure 18 Officer's dress coat corps devices, 1877—1892; Officer's summer undress coat corps devices, 1892—1900; Officer's undress Cot

corps devices, 1900—1904; Officer's summer undress coat corps

devices, 1900—1904; Officer's campaign coat corps devices, 1900—

1904.

Figure 19 Musician, U. S. Marine Band, circa. 1885, in full-dress coat and

white helmet.

CHAPTER III

Figure 20 Officer in the full—dress uniform worn from 1892—1904.

Figure 21 Officer's undress cap ornament, 1892-1904.

Figure 22 Officer in the undress uniform prescribed by the 1892 Uniform

Regulations.

Figure 23 Officer's epaulette ornament (right) 1892-1904.

Figure 24 Officer in the undress coat prescribed by the 1892 Uniform Regulations.

Figure 25 Enlisted black helmet device (type 1), 1892-1904.

Figure 26 Enlisted black helmet device (type 2), 1892-1904.

Figure 27 Enlisted shoulder knots with corps device, 1892-1904.

Figure 28 Enlisted Marine in the full dress coat worn from 1892-1904.

Figure 29 Officer, circa. 1898, in undress uniform.

Figure 30 Officers, 1898, in campaign uniform.

Figure 31 Enlisted Marines, 1900, Peking, China, wearingtheundress uniform

with campaign hat.

Figure 32 Enlisted Marines, circa. 1900, in the Phillippines, wearing the old

blue field kit for tropical use.

Figure 33 Staff officer's shoulder knot ornament (right), 1900-1904.

Figure 34 Enlisted cap ornament, 1900-1908.

CHAPTER IV

Figure 35 Officer's service cap and field hat ornament, 1904-1914.

vi
ILLUSTRATIONS (Cont'd)

Figure 36 Officers, September 1906, Camp Columbia, Mariano, Havana Province, Cuba, shown in field uniform of the period.

Figure 37 Officer, circa. 1909, in blue undress uniform.

Figure 38 Officer's service collar ornament (right), 1904—1914.

Figure 39 Officer, 1910, in the field coat and khaki cap of the period.

Figure 40 Enlisted Marines, circa. 1910, shown in the undress uniform worn

from 1904 to 1914.

Figure 41 Enlisted Marine, circa. 1910, in the prescribed field uniform of

the period.

CHAPTER V

Figures 42 &43 Officers full-dress and undress cap ornament, 1914-1919; officers

dress cap ornament, 1919-1937.

Figure 44 Commandant's and staff officer's chapeau ornament, 1914-1919.

Figure 45 Officer's field cap and hat ornament, 1914-1922; officers bronze cap and hat ornament, 1922-1930; officers service cap and hat

ornament, 1930-1937.

Figure 46 Officer, 1912, in winter field uniform.

Figures 47&48 Officer's undress collar ornaments, 1914-1919; Officer's dress collar ornaments, 1919-1922; Officer's dress collar, epaulet and

shoulder knot ornaments, 1922—1942; Officer's dress collar and

shoulder knot ornaments, 1942-1948; Officer's dress collar ornaments. 1948—1962.

Figure 49 Officer, 1917, in white undress uniform.

Figure 50 Officer's field coat collar ornaments, 1914-1922; Officer's bronze

collar ornaments, 1922—1927.

Figure 51 Officer's epaulet ornaments, 1914-1919.

Figure 52 Officer, 1916, in full-dress coat with epaulets.

Figures 53 & 54 Enlisted dress cap ornament, 1914—1922.

Figure 55 Marine Gunnery Sergeant, circa. 1919, in undress uniform.

Figures 56 & 57 Enlisted field cap and hat ornament, 1914-1922.

vii
ILLUSTRATIONS (Cont'd)

Figure 58 Marine Sergeant, circa 1919, in winter field coat and field hat.

Figure 59 Enlisted service collar ornaments, 1918-1919.

Figure 60. Officer, circa. 1918, France, in winter field uniform with overseas

cap.

Figure 61 Enlisted Woman Reservist, circa. 1918, in winter field uniform

with field hat.

Figure 62 Enlisted Woman Reservist, circa. 1918, in winter field uniform

with winter field Glengarry cap.

Figure 63 Enlisted dress coat collar ornaments, 1920-1930.

Figure 64 Enlisted service coat collar ornaments, 1920-1930.

CHAPTER VI

Figure 65 Marine Corporal, circa. 1922, in dress uniform.

Figure 66 General Officer, 1922, in evening dress uniform.

Figure 67 Commandant, circa. 1922-1924, in dress uniform.

Figures 68 & 69 Enlisted dress cap ornament, 1922—1930.

Figure 70. Enlisted bronze cap and hat ornament, 1922-1930.

Figure 71 Enlisted Marine, circa. 1922, in winter service uniform with field

hat.

Figure 72 Second Leader, United States Marine Band, 1922, in full dress

uniform.

Figure 73 Enlisted Marines, 1928, Tientsin, China, in winter service uniform

with roll—collar coat.

Figure 74 Illustration accompanying Circular Letter No. 46 of December 1926, Roll-collar coats, Officers, Manner of placing ornaments on

collar and insignia on lapel.

Figure 75 Standard U. S. Marine Corps Emblem, approved 28 May 1925.

CHAPTER VII

Figure 76 Officer, 1936, in blue undress B uniform.

Figure 77 Officer's service collar ornament (left), 1927—1937.

viii
ILLUSTRATIONS (Cont'd)

Figure 78 Officer, circa. 1936, in winter service C uniform.

Figure 79 Enlisted gilt cap ornament, 1930—1937.

Figure 80 Enlisted bronze cap and hat ornament, 1930-1937.

Figure 81 Enlisted gilt collar ornaments, 1930-1937.

Figure 82 Enlisted bronze collar ornament (right), 1930-1937.

CHAPTER VIII

Figure 84 Standard U. S. Marine Corps Emblem, approved 16 March 1936.

Figures 85, 86 Officer's dress cap ornament, 1937-1962.

& 87

Figures 88, 89 Officer's service cap and hat ornament, 1937—1942; Officer's

& 90 service cap ornament, 1942-1962.

Figures 91 & 92 Officer's dress collar ornaments, 1937—1962.

Figure 93 Leader, Marine Band, 1937, in full dress uniform.

Figures 94 & 95 Officer's service collar ornaments, 1937-1962.

Figures 96 Enlisted gilt cap ornament, 1937-1949; enlisted dress cap ornament, 1949—1955.

Figure 97 Marine Corporal, circa. 1945, in blue undress "B" uniform.

Figure 98 Enlisted bronze cap and hat ornament, 1937-1942; Enlisted bronze

cap ornament, 1942—1955.

Figure 99 Enlisted gilt collar ornaments (screw post type), 1937-1955.

Figure 100 Enlisted bronze collar ornaments (screw post type), 1937-1949; Enlisted service collar ornaments (screw post type), 1949-1955.

Figure 101 Marine Pfc, circa. 1945, in winter service "A" uniform.

Figure 102 Marine Corporal, circa. 1945, in summer service uniform with

fiber helmet.

Figure 103 Enlisted plastic service cap ornament, circa. 1943

Figure 104 Enlisted plastic service collar ornaments, circa. 1943.

Figure 105 Service collar ornanrent (right) (obverse), circa. 1943, procured in

Australia.

ix
ILLUSTRATIONS (Cont'd)

Figure 106 Service collar ornament (right) (reverse), circa. 1943, procured in

Australia. Marked "K. 0. LUKE MELBOURNE".

Figure 107 Marine First Sergeant, 1946, in new winter service "A" uniform

with green wool service jacket and winter service garrison cap.

Figure 108 Marine Pfc., 1948, in summer service A uniform.

Figure 109 Marine First Sergeant, 1946, in blue undress "A" uniform.

Figure 110 Woman' Reserve Officer, 1944, in summer service "A" uniform.

Figure 111 Woman Reserve Corporal, 1943, in winter service uniform.

Figure 112 Woman Reserve Sergeant, 1944, in summer dress uniform.

Figure 113 Woman Reserve Officer, 1944, in summer dress A uniform.

CHAPTER IX

Figure 114 Enlisted service collar ornaments (clutch), (obverse), 1951—1955.

Figure 115 Enlisted service collar ornaments (clutch), (reverse), 1951-1955.

Figure 116 Enlisted gilt collar ornaments (clutch), circa. 1951—1955.

Figure 117 Woman Marine Officer, 1952, in blue undress uniform.

Figure 118 Woman Marine Captain, 1952, in winter service "A" uniform.

Figure 119 Enlisted Women Marines uniforms, 1952. Blue undress uniform,

winter service "A" uniform and summer service uniform.

Figure 120 Correct placement of enlisted collar ornaments on shirt, khaki,

with quarter length sleeve.

Figure 121 Seal of the United States Marine Corps, approved 22 June 1954 by

President Dwight D. Eisenhower.

Figure 122 Marine Corporal, 1960, in summer service "A" uniform.

Figure 123 Enlisted dress cap ornament, 1955—1956; enlisted dress cap insignia, branch of service, 1956 to the present.

Figure 124 Enlisted bronze cap ornament, 1955—1956; enlisted bronze cap

insignia, branch of service, 1956—1961; enlisted service cap

insignia, branch of service, 1961-1963.

Figure 125 Enlisted gilt collar ornaments (clutch), 1955-1956; enlisted gold

collar insignia, branch of service (clutch), 1956—1961; enlisted dress collar insignia, branch of service (clutch), 1961-1961.

x
ILLUSTRATIONS (Cont'd)

Figure 126 Enlisted gilt collar ornaments (screw post) 1955-1956; enlisted gold

collar insignia, branch of service (screw post), 1956-1961; enlisted dress collar insignia, branch of service, 1961 to the present.

Figure 127 Enlisted service collar ornaments (clutch), 1955-1956; enlisted

bronze collar insignia, branch of service (clutch), 1956-1961; enlisted service collar insignia, branch of service (clutch), 19 61-

1963.

Figure 128 Officer's dress cap insignia, branch of service, 1962 to the present.

Figure 129 Officer's service cap insignia, branch of service, 1962-1963.

Figure 130 Officer's dress collar insignia, branch of service 1962 to the

present.

Figure 131 Officer's bronze collar insignia, branch of service, 1962-1963.

CHAPTER X

Figure 132 Musician, U. S. Marine Band, 1965, in full dress uniform.

Figure 133 Officer's service cap insignia, branch of service, 1963 to the

present.

Figure 134 Officer's service collar insignia, branch of service, 1963 to the

present.

Figure 135 Enlisted service cap insignia, branch of service 1963 to the present.

Figure 136 Enlisted service collar insignia, branch of service, 1963 to the

present.

xi
INTRODUCTION

For the past century the Eagle, Globe, and Anchor emblem has been the symbol of the United States Marines. The purpose of this study is to explore and describe

the development of the emblem and to provide students of Marine Corps history with a reference for its display on the diversity of uniforms worn by Marines since

1868.

Evidence of emblems or ornaments ascribed to the Marine Corps can be found

in correspondence as early as 1804 which refers to a brass eagle on a square plate being worn, while an octagonal brass plate embossed with an eagle, foul anchor,

drums, flags, etc. was worn during the period of the War of 1812. (Fig. 1)

Subsequent early devices include a gold plate with a gold eagle for wear with

the officer's full-dress of 1821, while on 4 November 1834 an order prescribed

a brass eagle "measuring from three to three and one-half inches from one extremity of the wing to the other", for wear on caps. (Fig. 2)

During the early part of 1840, the undress hats of both officers and enlisted men displayed gold wreaths encircling the letters "U.S.M." A few months later, a blue cloth cap with black patent leather visor and "with a foul anchor of gold, in a gold wreath in front" was prescribed for cfficers not in full-dress uniform.

In 1859 another ornament was adopted - a yellow metal huntinghorn, within which was placed a white metal letter "M". For the full-dress cap, the bugle with

"M" was mounted on a U.S. shield which was worn together with a laurel wreath.

Both shield and wreath were of yellow metal. (Fig. 3)

The ornament for the undress cap consisted of the yellow metal (or gold

embroidered) bugle with the white metal (or silver) letter "M" while the ornament worn on the Officer's epaulette consisted of a solid silver bugle with a solid silver or plated "M".

As the bugle of the 1859 ornament closely resembled the insignia of the U. S. Army infantry of that perioa, a step was taken in 1867 to provide the Marine Corps with a truly distinctive device. An order dated 2 May of that year directed that an

ornament consisting of a "silver Western Hemisphere with gold continents and sur- mounted by a silver eagle" be worn on the officer's undress cap. This order was

short-lived, however, as it was suddenly revoked on 5 June 1867.

Finally, in November 1868, an "Eagle, Globe and Anchor" ornament was pre- scribed, which in spite of various changes in design, size and color, has survived

the succeeding century unchanged in concept.

Although over the past 100 years this emblem has been displayed on such items

as aircraft, belt plates, flags, guidons, helmet covers, official correspondence and

publications, saddle cloths, tie clasps and utility clothing, this study deals only with

the metal uniform ornament, its changes, and the article of uniform clothing on which

it has been worn.

As in any study of this type, dependent of necessity on fragmented records, it is

recognized that more remains to be learned as additional information comes to light.

1
Corrections and additions undoubtedly will have to be made in the future to supple- ment this monograph. It is hoped, however, that this study will serve as a useful and convenient reference on its subject, as well as being a vehicle for bringing

previously unpublicized facts fore.

Since many of the users of this type of publication find the actual text of official documents particularly useful, an extensive appendix has been included. These

reproduce the pertinent sections of a number of uniform regulations. Also, for

reference purposes, the illustrations, where practical, have been reproduced in

actual scale so that the reader may compare them with original specimens for

identification. In addition, a brief illustrated glossary is provided to simplify

understanding the frequently technical terminology used in a study of this nature. It should be noted that the spellings used are those of the particular time under discussion and thus epaulette and epaulet as well as other divergent spellings are occasionally used to maintain continuity with the documents being quoted or

paraphrased.

2
Figure 1. — Enlisted Hat Plate, circa 1812.

Figure 2. — Enlisted Cap Ornament, circa 1834-1840.

Figure 3. — Officers Full-Dress Cap Ornament, 1859-1876.

3

CHAPTER I

On 12 November 1868, Brigadier General Commandant Jacob Zeilin, then the

senior officer of the U. S. Marines, appointed a board consisting of Major George R. Graham, Captain Robert W. Huntington and Brevet Captain Charles F. Williams and directed them as follows:

You are hereby constituted a Board for the purpose of deciding, and re- porting upon the various devices of Cap ornaments proposed for the Marine Corps.

You will assemble on Friday morning, the 13th Inst., and report to me in writing which of the devices submitted is best suited for adaptation in the

Corps.

The three member board convened as directed and subsequently submitted the

following report to the Commandant:

In obedience to your order of the 12th Inst., hereto annexed, we have examined the several patterns of devices presented as a substitute for the ornament now worn on the fatigue cap of the Officers and enlisted men of the United States Marine Corps and have respectfully recommended the following

as the most appropriate for adoption:

For Commissioned Officers: - A frosted silver hemisphere struck from

solid plate with chased parallels and continent of North and South America of gold plate; to be surmounted by a spread eagle cut from solid silver and

securely fastened by means of a tang of silver soldered on the inner side of

the hemisphere. The hemisphere to rest upon the shank, between the stock

and flukes, of a foul anchor worked in gold bullion. The dimensions to be as

follows: - hemisphere three fourths (3/4) of an inch in diameter, the eagle

three eighths (3/8) of an inch from top of head to point of claws, spread of wings one (1) inch. Shank of anchor to intersect the hemisphere between the Arctic Circle and the Tropic of Cancer on the left and the Equator and Tropic of Capricorn on the right. Anchor over all in length one and one-half (1 1/2)

inches and one eighth (1/8) of an inch in width, stock five eighths (5/8) of an

inch in length, one eighth (1/8) of an inch in width, the inner edge of flukes and stock touching the hemisphere; the arms of anchor including flukes to be eleven sixteenths (11/16) of an inch in length from point of fluke to point of shank and one eighth (1/8) of an inch in width. The whole to be on a ground work of dark blue cloth. We enclose herewith a drawing of accurate dimensions

of the design recommended.

For enlisted men, same as for Officers except that the whole be struck

from plate brass 1/16 inch thick.

(The phrase "1/16 thick" was added to the original letter, in a script differing

from that of the body of the letter.)

The Commandant concurred with the board's recommendations and on 17 November sent them on to Secretary of the Navy Gideon Welles, for approval:

5
I respectfully submit to the Department the enclosed proceea. s of a Board of Officers, convened at this station in pursuance of the annexed order.

I also transmit a colored photograph likeness of the device recommended

by the Board for adoption.

I approve of the proceedings, and would respectfully ask the authority of the Department for the adoption, in the Corps, of the Cap ornament recommended

by the Board. (Fig. 4)

Two days later, Secretary Welles informed General Zeilin that "The Department authorizes the adoption, in the Marine Corps, of the cap ornament recommended by

the Board of Officers, whose report accompanied your letter of the 17th Inst."

With the approval of this ornament, the Adjutant and Inspector's Office on

30 November notified the Commanding Officers of eleven Marine Corps posts and

stations throughout the United States that:

The Fatigue Cap Ornament of the Marine Corps having been changed by order of the Secretary of the Navy, I enclose herewith a copy of the description of the one adopted, together with a photograph of the same, in order that you may have it adopted by your Command as soon as practicable".

"Fig. 1. Photograph of Cap Ornament, full size."

"Fig. 2. Photograph of Section of Ornament, "a" shows manner of fastening

the Eagle to the globe, "b" shows tang for securing the globe to

the cap, or cloth on which the anchor is worked." (Figs. 5 & 6)

The actual use of the new ornament by enlisted men was deferred until the new

fiscal year beginning on 1 July 1869. A contract effective that date with Bent and Bush, a military accoutrement manufacturer and supplier of Boston, Mass, to

"supply and furnish to the Marine Corps. . . . 3,000 Fatigue Cap Ornament (at a price of) fifty cents each.

Although a source of supply for officer ornaments, had not been established, undoubtedly officers had their ornaments made up by local jewelers since photo- graphs were included with the order of 30 November 1868.

Until recently no remaining specimens of the 1868 ornament were known to

exist, but in 1967, an officers fatigue cap emblem was discovered at the Marine Corps Museum, Quantico, Virginia among the recently acquired memorabilia of

Brigadier General Henry Clay Cochrane, USMC, (1842-1913). (Figures 7, 8, and 9)

The ornament adopted in 1868 was still a step or two away from being the

standard emblem worn by Marines. The ornament as originally adopted was for wear on the fatigue cap, while the bugle with "M" ornament was still to be worn

on both the full-dress cap and officer's epaulettes.

As a step toward standardization the new ornament replaced the bugle with "M"

on the officer's epaulette on 20 November 1869 when the following order was published

by the Adjutant and Inspector's Office:
By direction of the Navy Department, there will be substituted for the

Silver Bugle worn by the officers of the Marine Corps on the Epaulette, an orna- ment of the same design as that at present worn by Officers on the fatigue

cap, except that the anchor be of plain silver, and the ornament to be of the

following dimensions:

Length of anchor, over all . 2 inches

Length of anchor stock . . . 1/2 inch

Diameterofglobe. 9/lOthsofaninch

Heightofeagle.... .. 4/lOthsofaninch

Spreadofwings,fromtiptotip . .. linch

Deviations from regulations having been observed in the cap ornament, as also in the size, shape, and style of gold cord of the shoulder knots worn by many officers, attention is called to the importance of uniformity; and Com- manding Officers will require strict compliance with the patterns and designs

prescribed for the Corps.

Finally, with the issuing of new Uniform Regulations in May 1875 (with an

effective date of 1 July 1876), the Eagle, Globe, and Anchor ornament became the

sole emblem of the United States Marine Corps. At this writing, the design of the Marine Emblem cannot be credited to any single individual, hut the 1868 Board

evidently considered ornament designs submitted by several people. Second Lieutenant George C. Reid, Aide-de-Camp to the Commandant, is thought to have submitted one and it is likely that at least Lieutenants C. L. Daniels and George M. Welles did

so as well. There is as yet, no positive evidence as to who conceived the successful design and so for the moment the problem remains unresolved.

7
Figure 4. — Officers Fatigue Cap Ornament. Photograph submitted to the Secretary of the Navy on 17 November 1868.

Figure 5. — Officer's Fatigue Cap Ornament. Photograph sent to posts and stations on 30 November 1868.
Figure 6. — Officer's Fatigue Cap Ornament.

Photograph (rear view) sent to posts and stations on 30 November 1868.

Figure 7. — Officer's Fatigue Cap Ornament, 1868-1876.

9
Figure 8. — Officer's Fatigue Cap Figure 9. — Officer's Fatigue Cap Ornament, 1868—1876. Ornament, 1868—1 876.

(Front) (Back)
CHAPTER II

On 16 December 1872, Lieutenants Henry Clay Cochrane and Richard Renshaw Neill of the U. S. Marine Corps, circulated to every accessible officer of the Corps,

a neatly printed unofficial letter, requesting each officer's views as to the changes and modifications he desired in the uniform that had then been in use for fourteen

years. The letter was well received for at least fifty replies were returned by the middle of the following February.

In a letter to the Editor of the ARMY AND NAVY JOURNAL published in the 22 February 1873 issue, Lieutenant Cochrane proposed a complete new set of Uniform Regulations largely derived from the results of his survey.

Regarding the ornament to be worn on the officer's full-dress cap, Cochrane

suggested that it should be:

a gilt ornamentha1f'he size of the present one, embodying the present

corps cap device within a deeply cut laurel and oak wreath, and if desirable, with

a scroll at bottom for an inscription, say "USMC - 1798" (the date of establishment). . . The ornament for the officers "epaulet" was to be "as now worn. . . ." and the

fatugue cap for both officers and enlisted men was to display the revised emblem.

Eventually Lieutenant Cochrane's efforts bore fruit for on 4 April 1874 the

ARMY AND NAVY JOURNAL printed an article which stated in part:

Upon the written application of Lieutenant Henry C. Cochrane, representing

the almost unanimous wish of the field, staff and company officers of the Marine

Corps, General Zeilin, the Commandant, has decided to convene a board for the purpose of revising and improving the uniform of the corps, which has been in

use, with slight modification, since 1859.

The board convened as directed and subsequently proposed new Uniform Regulations that were approved by Secretary of the Navy Robeson on 27 May 1875 "to

go into effect July 1, 1876."

The new regulations prescribed that the officer's full-dress hat ornament should be:

"a richly-gilt United States shield, two and seven-eighths inches long by

two and three—eighths inches wide; resting upon the centre of the shield a silver corps device of same design and dimensions as that prescribed for the officers

undress cap. (Figs. 10, 11 & 12)

The ornament for the undress cap for field and company officers and for the

company officer's fatigue cap was described as:

A fretted silver western Hemisphere, struck from solid plate, with chased parallels; continents of North and South America of gold plate. To be sur- mounted by a spread eagle cut from solid silver, and securely fastened by a tag

11
silver soldered on the inner side of the hemisphere. The hemisphere to rest upon the shank, between the stock and flukes of a foul anchor embroidered in

gold bullion; the inner edges of the flukes touching the hemisphere. The dimensions to be as follows: hemisphere, three-fourths of an inch in diameter; the

eagle, three—eighths of an inch from top of head to point of claws; spread of wings,

one inch; width of anchor stock and shank, one-eighth of an inch; arms of anchor

including flukes, three-fourths of an inch in length from the peak of flukes to

apex of crown, and one-eighth of an inch in width; length of anchor over all, one

and one-half inches. The shank of the anchor to intersect the hemisphere between

the Arctic Circle and the Tropic of Cancer on the left, and Equator and Tropic of Capricorn on the right. Thewholetobe on a ground of dark blue cloth. (Fig. 13)

The 1875 Uniform Regulations also prescribed an ornament for the officers' epaulette to be a: "Device of the corps in silver, placed within the crescent".

In addition ornaments for the enlisted full-dress hat and the undress and fatigue caps were also prescribed. For the full-dress hat:

"a brass United States shield, two and seven-eighths inches long by two and

three—eighths inches wide; resting upon the centre of the shield a nicide-plated

corps device, cut from one piece of brass, of the same design and dimensions

as prescribed for the officers full—dress hat." (Figs. 14 & 15)

The ornament worn on both the enlisted undress cap and the fatigue cap was described as:

"the same design and dimensions as that prescribed for officers, but struck from one piece of brass and fastened to the front of the ap by two

brasswire loops soldered on the inner side of the anchor." (Figs. 16 & 17)

In 1877 by virtue of General Order No. 4, collar ornaments were instituted as part of the officer's uniform for thefirsttime, and since have been worn continuously. The new order which was dated 29 October authorized an evening dress uniform

which included a coat of dark blue cloth, displaying a Corps device "one half the

size prescribed for the epaulette" on the ends of the collar. (Fig. 18)

It should be noted that these collar devices did not contain an anchor rope or cable. The enlisted collar devices were to obtain the rope in 1955 while that for

the officer's device did not appear until 1962.

General Order No. 2 of 10 March 1881 described a new white helmet to be worn

by officers, and a handwritten directive bearing the Quartermaster's Office date

stamp of 17 March 1881, contained specifications or an enlisted white helmet to

replace the fatigue cap with white covers which had been discarded the previous September. The descriptions for the officers and enlisted white helmets do not specify ornaments but contemporary photographs show the U. S. Shield and Corps device for the full—dress hat being worn on the helmet. (Figs. 10, 11, 14 & 19)

In 1891, the shako passed from the Marine Corps and was replaced by a black

helmet of the Prussian style, which became popular in military wear alter Prussia's

tremendous successes against Austria and France, 1866-1871. At first, the shield

12
and Corps device from the shako was specified for use on the new helmet, but

shortly, a large ornament incorporating the eagle, globe, and anchor and deleting

the shield was designed to supercede the older item. Details of the revised ornament are included in the following chapter.

Figure 10. — "Richly-gilt United Figure .11. — "Silver Corps device" States shield" for the Officer's full- for the officer's full-dress hat

dress hat ornament, 1876—1892. ornament, 1876—1892.

FIgure 12. — First Lieutenant Henry H. Costin is seen in the full-dress uniform

prescribed by the 1875 Uniform Regulations.

13
Figure 13. — Officer's Undress Cap Figure 14. — Enlisted full-dress

Ornament, 1876—1892, and hat ornament, 1876—1892.

Officer's Fatigue Cap Ornament,

1876—1881.

Figure 15. — EnlIsted Marine in the full—dress uniform worn from 1876 to 1891 (2)

14
Figure 16. — Enlisted undress cap ornament 1876-1892; enlisted fatigue cap ornament, 1876-1881 as illustrated in the 1875

Uniform Regulations.

15
16

Figure 17. — Enlisted Marine private in the full-dress coat and undress cap, 1875 Uniform Regulations.

Figure 18. — Officer's dress coat corps devices, 1877—1892; Officer's

summer undress coat corps devices, 1892—1900; Officer's undress coat

corps devices; 1900—1904; Officer's summer undress coat corps devices,

1900—1904; Officer's campaign coat corps devices, 1900—1904.
Figure 19. — Musician, U. S. Marine Band,

circa. 188 in full dress coat and white helmet with "ornament on front of hat."

CHAPTER III

Acting on the recommendations of a Uniform Board that convened in 1892,

Colonel Commandant Charles Heywood sent a newly drafted set of Uniform Regulations on the Secretary of the Navy, B. F. Tracy for approval. These were soon

endorsed and resulted in General Order No. 3 and the Commandant's covering

letter to the new regulations, both of which emanated from Headquarters U. S. Marine Corps, and bore the date of 14 July 1892.

General Order No. 3 set forth the changes in regulations for officers uniforms

only, while the Commandant's letter related to new regulations for both officers and

enlisted men. Both the General Order and the covering letter stated that the new

regulations would be effective 15 September 1892.

Following the lead of their predecessors, the new regulations set forth the de- scription of ornaments for both officers and enlisted uniforms. Officers ornaments

were prescribed for the black helmet, the undress and white caps, the epaulettes and

the undress coat, while ornaments for enlisted men were for the black helmet, the

undress cap and the shoulder knots. An undress coat collar ornament, also a Corps device, was specified exclusively for the enlisted members of the Band.

The ornament for the officer's black helmet was described as "the same

pattern as adopted for enlisted men, with fretted silver Western Hemisphere, with

chased parallels; continent of North and South America, and anchor to be of gold,

eagle to be of silver."

The officer's helmet device (Fig 20) was, except for its silver and gold color combination, identical to the enlisted helmet devices shown in Figs. 25 & 26.

The officer's undress and white cap ornament was:

"A fretted silver western hemisphere, struck from solid plates with chased

parallels; continents of North and South America of gold plate. To be surmounted

by a spread eagle cut from solid silver, and securely fastened by a tag of silver soldered on the inner side of the hemisphere. The hemisphere to rest upon the

shank, between the stock and flukes of a foul anchor in gold metal; the inner edges of the flukes nearly touching the hemisphere. The dimensions to be as

follows: hemisphere, three-fourths of an inch in diameter; the eagle, threeeights of an inch from top of head to point of claws; spread of wings, one inch;

width of anchor stock and shank, one-eighth of an inch, arms of anchor, including

flukes, three-fourths of an inch in length from peak of flukes to apex of crown, and one-eighth of an inch in width; length of anchor over all, one and one-half

inches. The shank of the anchor to intersect the hemisphere between the Artic Circle and the Tropic of Cancer on the left, and Equator and Tropic of Capricorn on the right." (Figs. 21 & 22)

The ornament for the Commandant's undress cap only was the "Corps device

set in a wreath of gold acorn leaves", "while the officer's epaulette ornament was a "Corps device, in silver placed with the crescent" of the epaulettes. (Fig. 23)

For the undress coat of officers the ornament was to be:
"of metal and one half the size adopted for epaulettes. . . to be worn on each

side of the collar."

This Corps device is the same as the ornament shown in Fig. 18 of the preceeding chapter. (Fig. 24)

With the exception of its metallic content, the enlisted black helmet ornament was identical to that prescribed for officers. The ornament was:

"An enlarged Corps device, consisting of the eagle, globe, and anchor;

to be made of brass, according to the standard device in the Quartermaster's

office." (Figures 25 & 26)

The enlisted undress cap ornament was described as being "of the same pattern and dimensions as the present standard sample." See Fig. 17 of the previous

chapter.

With the promulgation of the 1892 Regulations, shoulder knots with ornaments were first prescribed for enlisted men and were worn until 1904. These displayed

"nickel plated Corps devices" worn in the center of the shoulder knot pads. (Fig.

27 & 28)

In 1892 Uniform Regulations also provided for collar ornaments for the undress coats of the enlisted members of the band. The collar ornament for the undress

coat of the Second leader of the band was "a small Corps device of white metal"

that was worn "near each point of the collar." The musician undress coats were to

have "near each (collar) point, a small Corpsdevice of white metal," similar to that

worn by officers of this period. (Figs. 18 & 24) These devices which were replaced

by small lyres of white metal or gold by the 1900 Regulations, represented the first

instance devices were worn on the collar by enlisted marines.

In 1897 the chasseur (French Kepi)pattern undress cap of the Civil War era was

discarded and was replaced by a cap of a type the U. S. Army had previously adopted, however, the device worn on the new headgear remained the same as that which it

superceeded. (Fig. 29)

On 22 April 1898, the day after war was declared with Spain, the First Battalion of Marines, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Robert W. Huntington, em- barked from Brooklyn, N. Y. on the USS PANTHER for a staging area at Key West, Florida. After additional training at Key West, the battalion again boarded the PANTHER, from which it made its famous landing at Guantanamo, Cuba on 10 June

1898.

Colonel Commandant Heywood in his report of 24 September 1898 to the Secretary of the Navy stated that: "The greatest care was exercised in fitting out the battalion. . . . campaign suits of brown linen and campaign hats were ordered, but owing to the great demand for these articles at the time by the Army, it was im- possible to send them with the battalion. They were shipped later, however, and

proved a great comfort to the men."

The brown linen campaign suits were the forerunner of the soon to be issued

khaki campaign uniforms, while the wide brimmed drab felt campaign hat with a
"fore and aft" crease, was similar to that which was adopted by the U. S. Army

in 1885. Contemporary photographs indicate that both officers and enlisted Marines wore their undress cap ornaments on the campaign hat and while a very few of

them show the ornament being worn on the front of the hat, the majority indicate

that the ornament was more generally worn on the left side in the center of the

crown. (Figs. 30 & 31) Later the ornament was shifted to the front center and worn

there exclusively.

In 1900 a new set of Uniform Regulations was published which contained all of

the 1892 Regulations with changes, as well as a few additional ones that were not previously covered, but the specifications for all officers and enlisted ornaments were almost identical to those of the 1892 Regulations. Some small changes, however, were made including the substitution of the Corps device for the small metallic

"Coat of Arms of the United States" Army insignia worn on the Chapeau of the Commandant and Staff officers. The new Corps device was "a gilt and burnished Marine Corps Cap ornament" which was placed on a 2 1/4 inch gold lace strip on

the right side of the chapeau.

Another change brought about by these regulations provided for Corps device

to be worn on the collar of the officers summer undress coat "in the same manner

prescribed for (the) blue cloth undress coat." In addition, the "Corps device pre- scribed for the summer undress coat" were worn on the collar of the officers

campaign coat. These ornaments are the same that were prescribed in 1877 and were to be worn until 1904. (Fig. 18)

These new regulations were devoid of comment, probably through oversight, regarding a description of the officers campaign hat and its ornament, as well as

information as to how the ornament was to be positioned on the hat. However, it is evident from contemporary photographs that officers wore a hat similar to the one

worn by enlisted men and the undress cap ornament was worn positioned in the front

of the hat. (Fig. 32)

All regulations from 1869 through 1900 dealing with officers' epaulettes and

shoulder knots, prescribed both rank insignia and Corps device for the epaulettes, while the rank insignia only was to be worn on the shoulder knots. Since Staff Officers did not wear epaulettes but used shoulder knots instead, the Corps device was required for staff shoulder knots. The 1900 ornament for the Staff Officer

shoulder knots was: ". . . . a corps device of gold and silver, of size midway between the collar and cap ornaments, to be worn on end of knot, flukes of anchor

pointing to the front." (Fig. 33)

The 1900 Uniform Regulations also brought about a change in the description of

the enlisted cap ornament. Previously the 1892 Regulations described the undress cap ornament as being "of the same pattern and dimensions as the present standard

sample." The new regulations directed that the cap ornament should be: "A Corps device of gilders' metal No. 14, of the same pattern and dimensions as the present

standard sample in the Quartermaster's Department."

This ornament was worn on the undress cap and the campaign hat. (Fig. 34)

21
22

Figure 20. — Captain Henry Clay Cochrane, 1895, shown in the full-dress uniform worn from 1892-1904.

Figure 21. — Officer's undress Cap ornament, 1892-1904.
Figure 2. — .-,, £racKs, Boston, Mass., shown in the undress uniform prescribed by the 1892 Uniform Regulations.

Figure 23. — Officer's epaulette ornament (right), 1892—1904.

23
Figure 24. — First Lieutenant John S. Bates, July 1, 1899, is shown in the undress coat prescribed by the 1892 Uniform Regulations.

Figure 25. — Enlisted black helmet Corps device, 1892-1904.

Type (1) consisting of a slightly different pattern from Type (2) and containing on the back of the device a screw post fitted with a milled nut for securing it to the helmet.

24
Figure 26. — Enlisted black helmet Corps device, 1892-1904.

Type (2) consisting of a slightly different pattern from Type (1) and containing on the back of the device two brass-prong fasteners for securing the device to the helmet.

Figure 27. — Enlisted shoulder knot with Corps device, 1892-1904.

25
Figure 28. — Enlisted Marine shown in the full dress coat worn from

1892 to 1904.

Figure 29. — First Lieutenant Austin R. Davis, circa. 1898, in undress uniform.

While the coat worn was prescribed in the 1892 Uniform Regulations, the undress cap

was of the pattern first prescribed for wear in 1897.

26
Figure 30. — Group of Marine Officers, 1st Battalion Marines, 1898,

in campaign uniform. While three officers are wearing the undress cap ornament on their campaign hat on

the left side, one officer is wearing his in the front of the hat, and one does not appear

to be wearing any ornament

Figure 31.— Marinesin the Peking relief expedition, 1900, wearing the undress uniform and campaign hat with ornaments on the left side of the hat,

27
Figure 32. — Enlisted Marines, circa 1900, in the Philippines, wearing the old blue field kit for tropical use. It should be noted that the undress cap

ornaments are shown placed in the front of the campaign hat.

28
Figure 33. — Staff Officer's shoulder knot ornament (right), 1900-1904.

Figure 34. — Enlisted cap ornament, 1900—1908.

29

CHAPTER IV

On 16 March 1904 another set of Uniform Regulations was approved. As in the

past, the new regulations prescribed the various ornaments to be worn. For officers, ornaments were required for wear on the caps and hat, the chapeau, the coats, the mess jackets, the epaulettes for the Commandant and line officers, and the shoulder knots for staff officers.

The ornament prescribed for the officers' full-dress, undress and white caps was of slightly larger dimensions than those of the cap ornament described in the

1892 and 1900 Uniform Regulations. (See Appendix F-2)

The ornament for the Brigadier General Commandant's undress hat continued to be placed within its "wreath of gold acorn leaves" while his chapeau and those of staff officers displayed "a gold and burnished Marine Corps cap ornament."

For the front of the khaki cap and field hat, the new regulations provided "A

device similar in all respects as to shape, size, and design to that (of the Corps device for caps), but made in dull-finished bronze metal." (Figs. 35 & 36)

The Corps device prescribed for the collars of the officer's undress coats

(blue and white) and the white mess jacket changed from overall silver to a gold

and silver combination and was of larger dimensions than its predecessor. (Fig. 37

& Appendix F-4)

At the same time the ornament for the collar of the officer's field (campaign) coat was made, "A device similar in all respects as to shape, size, and design to

that for collars of undress coats, but made of dull-finished bronze metal". (Figs.

38 & 39)

For the officer's epaulette, the 1904 Uniform Regulations prescribed that the

"Corps device in silver" would be placed with the crescent. (Appendix F-6)

The device for the staff officer's shoulder knots was "to be worn on end of knot,

flukes of anchor pointing toward the front," and was: "to be all silver and of same

size as collar ornament (for undress coat)." This device as well as others, was to

conform to standard samples kept in the office of the Quartermaster of the Marine

Corps.

The ornaments for the enlisted men were to be worn on the full-dress cap, the dress (blue and white) caps and the field hat. For the enlisted caps the ornament was to be: "A Corps deviceof gilder's metal No. 14, of the same pattern and dimen- sions as the present standard sample in the Quartermaster's Department. . ."

(Figs. 34 & 40)

For the enlisted field hat, "the cap ornament, together with battalion and com- pany figures and letters, also in dull finished bronze, will be worn in front. . ."(Fig.

41)

Shortly after the 1904 Uniform Regulations were issued, an addenda was published

containing slight modifications to some items of officers uniforms. Among these

31
was a change involving the wear of the ornament on the undress coat worn by the

Commandant. Heretofore, the Corps device had been worn on the coat collar.

The modification contained in the addenda required: "The Corps device, as per pattern, to be worn in the center of the (shoulder) strap, the flukes of the anchors

to point toward the front." No provision, was made for any device to replace the

emblem on the coat collar.

In 1908, new uniform regulations were published containing all of those of 1904

as modified by its addenda, as well as a few additional changes that were made at

the time of printing.

A comparison of the 1908 Uniform Regulations with those of 1904 modified by

addenda, discloses no major changes involving the ornaments or the uniform parts

on which they were worn.

Some minor points, however, were clarified by these regulations, for example:

the prescribing of an eyelet in the front of the enlisted white cap cover to receive the post of the ornament as well as specifying that the ornament for the enlisted field

hat should be, "A Corps device of the same pattern and dimensions in dull-finished

bronze" as the cap ornament.

At this point the design of the ornaments was fairly well stabilized and re- mained so until the publication of the 1912 Uniform Regulations. Some small changes in uniform design occurred after the publication of the 1908 Regulations however, most significantly, the introduction of a new style officer's undress coat

in 1909 which was substantially the forerunner of the present dress blue coat. The device worn on this garment was unchanged from that worn on its predecessor and

retained its place on the collar.

Additionally, a khaki cap cover was prescribed for enlisted men on 6 January 1911. The bronze ornament used with the field hat was to be worn when this cap

cover was placed over the undress cap.

32
Figure 35. — Officer's service cap and field hat ornament, 1904-1914.

Figure 36. — Officers of the Second Regiment, USMC, Cuba, September 1906, shown in the field uniform of the period.

33
34

Figure 37. — Captain W. H. Pritchett, circa. 1909,

in blue undress uniform.

Figure 38. — Officer's service collar ornament (right), 1904—1914.
Figure 39. — Co1oiel Franklin J. Moses, 1910,

shown wearing the field coat and khaki cap of the period.

Figure 40. — Enlisted Marines, circa. 1910, shown in the undress blue uniform prescribed for wear from 1904 to 1914.

35
36

Figure 41. — Enlisted Marine, circa. 1910, in the field uniform of the period.
CHAPTER V

The 1912 Uniform Regulations introduced the predecessor of the familiar "green" uniform. Also the new Regulations began the period during which the

forerunner of the modern enlisted "dress blue" uniform was first issued. Moreover, this period saw the garrison (overseas) cap and "Montana peak" field hat added to the Marines apparel.

With the appearance of the new uniforms in the Marine wardrobe, the enlisted

full-dress coat and cap disappeared together with the white helmet that had been worn by officers and enlisted men since 1881. The Corps device worn on the staff officer's shoulder knot also had disappeared by this time.

In his directive dated 29 November 1912 accompanying the new regulations,

Major General Commandant William P. Biddle notified all concerned that the new

regulations applicable to officer's uniforms were to be complied with as soon as practicable, but not later than 1 January 1914. The directive also stated that: "The

issue of the over-coat and winter field uniform to the enlisted men. . . . and the

necessary alterations in their dress uniforms will be made as soon as practicable."

In actuality the distinctive winter field green uniform was not worn until 1914 due

to difficulty in procuring suitable material of the right shade of green.

When the 1912 Uniform Regulations were published, photographs and illustrations

of uniforms and insiguia were provided with the text, and this practice has continued

to the present. The last illustrated regulations before 1912 Were those of 1875.

For officers, the new regulations required that ornaments be worn on the caps and hat, the chapeau, the coats, and the epaulets.

A description of the ornament required for the officer's full-dress, undress and white caps as well as the special full-dress and dress caps of the Leader of the band can be found in Appendix G-2. (Figs. 42 & 43)

The ornament for the full-dress cap of the Commandant was to be placed on the

front of the cap band within a "wreath of oak leaves embroidered in gold."

On the chapeau of the Commanda'nt and staff officers, the ornament worn was: "A

Corps device of gold of the same size as the device prescribed for caps." (Fig. 44)

For the officer's summer field cap, the winter field cap and field hat the device

worn was: "similar in all respects as to shape, size, and design to that pre- scribed for full—dress and undress cap, and shall be of dull-finish bronze metal."

(Figs. 45 & 46)

The ornaments required to be worn on the officer's undress and white undress coats, the white mess jacket and on the special full-dress and dress coats of the Leader of the Band was much the same as that worn on full-dress caps etc. differing primarily in size and lacking the anchor cable or rope. (Appendix G-4 and Figs.

47, 48 & 49)

37
For the collars of officer's summer and winter field coats, the regJations

required that the Corps devices be: "similar in all respects as to shape, size, and design to that prescribed for the collars of undress coats, and shall be made of

dull-finish bronze metal." (Fig. 50)

The ornament worn on the officer's epaulets were to be all silver. (Appendix

G-6 and Figs. 51 & 52)

Corps devices were worn by enlisted men on the caps and hat. The description

of the ornament worn on the enlisted dress cap (with or without white cap cover) as well as the special full-dress, and full-dress caps of the enlisted members of the

band was:

"A Corps device, struck from one piece of gilder's metal No. 14, of the

same pattern and dimensions as the standard sample in the Quartermaster's

Department of the Marine Corps. . . ." (Figs. 53, 54 & 55)

For the enlisted summer field cap (which was no more than the dress cap with

a khaki cap cover), the winter field cap, and the field hat the prescribed device was "a Corps device of the same pattern and dimensions" as the dress cap in dullfinish bronze. (Figs. 56, 57 & 58)

After the issue of the 1912 Regulations, changes appeared periodically that modified or replaced certain uniform items. The changes which substantially

affected articles of clothing, on which the ornaments were worn were:

Changes No. 1 of 3 February 1915 abolished the white cap cover for enlisted member of the band, and substituted a white cap in its place.

Changes No. 4 of 26 December 1916 prescribed the following uniforms for warrant officers:

Undress

White undress

Summer field dress

Winter field dress

Changes No. 8 of 12 May 1917 provided a cap frame for the enlisted men upon which the white and summer field cap khaki covers were to be worn.

In 1917 new regulations were published containing all of those of 1912 as modified by Changes 1 through 8. This new revision was also altered by additional changes, and the following paragraphs enumerate those that introduced new ornaments to be worn, or materially affected the items ofclothingon which the ornaments were worn:

Changes No. 9 of 14 September 1917, No. 10 of 26 October 1917 and No. 12 of 31 January 1918 contained slight modifications to the officer's winter field

coat.

In addition, Changes No. 12 modified the officer's undress coat to a limited

degree while Changes No. 13 of 29 March 1918 clarified the specifications of the officer's summer field hat.

38
Also during this period which encompassed the First World War, changes other than those specified in the uniform regulations took place.

On 14 June 1917 the first contingent of Marines sailed for France taking with

them modified versions of their distinctive summer and winter field uniforms.

Later contingents leaving for France also took their khaki and "field green" uniforms with them.

Due to supply problems, a memorandum from the Adjutant General, Head- quarters American Expeditionary Forces was issued on 10 January 1918 stating in

part: "During the present war, the regulation Army uniform will be regularly

issued to the Marines of the A.E. F., therebygradually replacing the Marine uniform". ."

In compliance with this order, the Army uniform was then issued and worn by

all Marines in the A.E.F.

Consequently, it became difficult to distinguish between the enlisted men of the Army and those of the Marine Corps. The opportunity to do something about this

arose on 5 August 1918, when Assistant Secretary of the Navy, Franklin D. Roosevelt inspected the Fourth Brigade near the Marbache Sector. In Appendix C of the Annual Report of the Secretary of the Navy for the Fiscal Year 1918, Assistant

Secretary Roosevelt reported:

The Marine themselves were near Nancy, and I inspected them

there, and took occasion to give some slight token of our appreciation by

directing that every man in the brigade be allowed to wear the Marine Corps device on the collar points of his shirt. At that time Maj. Gen. J. A. Lejeune,

United States Marine Corps, was in command of the Second Division, American

Expeditionary Force, and Brig. Gen. W. C. Neville, United States Marine Corps, in command of the Marine Brigade."

With this authorization in hand, General Neville directed the Marine Paymaster

in Paris to secure a supply of devices. Instead of securing a smaller though

identical version of the officer's collar device for field coats, the Paymaster procured the Army type collar disk with the Marine Corps emblem stamped on it.

(Fig. 59)

Although these devices were for use only with the Army uniform in France, their introduction represented the first time that all enlisted men in a given area wore a collar ornament.*

*Ejsted members of the band wore small white metal Corps collar devices from

1892 to 1900.

During their service in France, the Marines were also to acquire the now

familiar "overseas cap" that was prescribed for wear by the Army under Head- quarters A.E.F. General Orders No. 7 of 9 January 1918. Contemporary photographs of the period show the Corps device being worn on the left front side of the cap, with officers using either the bronze cap and hat ornament or the left field collar device and enlisted men using the Corps device from the field hat. (Fig. 60)

39
Photographs of the period also show Marines in France wearing the jield hat Corps device on the front of the steel helmet. Although no documentation can be

found authorizing its use, the Sixth Marine General Order No. 5 of 29 January 1919 directed that the Marine Corps Emblem would not "be affixed to helmets" until

further orders.

Other items of uniform on which the Corps device was worn during this period were the service caps and field hats of Women enrolled in the Marine Corps Reserve.

The caps and hats authorized for women marines by Marine Corps General Order

No. 62 published in December 1918 were:

1 Cap, Glengarry, summer field

1 Cap, Glengarry, winter field

1 Hat, field

The Glengarry cap was an "overseas cap". The summer field model was made of khaki, while the winter field model was manufactured of olive drab material.

The ornament worn on these caps and hat was the enlisted bronze cap and hat

Corps device. The device was worn on the left front side of the Glengarry cap and

on the front of the field hat. (Figs. 61 & 62)

After the War, additional changes were instituted involving the ornaments and

the items of uniforms on which they were worn.

Change No. 18 dated 7 October 1919 eliminated the Special full-dress and full—

dress uniforms (except for members of the band), which included the chapeau, the

full-dress cap and the epaulet. The mess jacket and white mess jackets were eliminated and replaced by an evening dress jacket of dark blue cloth. The dress collar ornaments were to be worn on the collar of this jacket.

Collar ornaments were finally authorized for enlisted men by Changes No. 20 of 25 February 1920. These were similar to those worn by officers but were of smaller dimensions and were of gilt for use on the dress coat and dull-finish bronze

for the summer and winter service coats. (Appendix G-8 and Figs. 63 & 64)

With the publishing of Changes No. 22 dated 9 October 1920, the garrison

(overseas) cap became an official item of the Marine Corps uniform. At this time only the summer service garrison cap was prescribed, while the authorization of the winter service cap remained in the future. The ornament to be used on this cap was the dull-finish Corps device worn on the field caps and hat.

On 29 October 1921, Major General Commandant John A. Lejeune, issued a Circular Letter informing all officers that the mess jacket as part of the evening

dress uniform had been restored with certain modifications. The collar had been

changed and the dress collar Corps devices were removed from it. In addition, shoulder knots with rank insignia and dress collar Corps devices were prescribed

for wear with this uniform.

The Major General Commandant's Circular Letter of 24 April 1922 again listed

the specifications for the evening dress uniform as well as directing that it had to be

40
acquired. by 24 April 1922. The letter also gave the specifications for the new

dress, undress and service caps of officers, but stated that the new regulations to be published would permit the present regulations cap to be worn until no longer serviceable. The new caps described in this letter were very similar in shape to

those worn today.

Figure 42. — Officer's full-dress and undress cap ornament, 1914-1919;

Officer's dress cap ornament, 1919—1937.

Figure 43. — Officer's full-dress and undress cap ornament, 1914-1919;

Officer's dress cap ornament, 1919—1937.

Figure 44. — Commandant's and stall officer's chapeau

ornament, 1914—1919.

41
Figure 45. — Officers' field cap and hat ornament, 1914-1922; Officer bronze cap and hat ornament, 1922-1930; Officer's service cap and hat

ornament, 1930—1937.

Figure 46. — Officer in the winter field uniform first worn in 1914.

Figure 47. — Officer's undress collar

ornaments, 1914—1919; officer's dress

collar ornaments, 1919—1922; officer's dress collar, epaulet and shoulder knot ornaments, 1922—1942; officer's dress collar and shoulder knot ornaments,

1942-1948; officer's dress collar ornaments, 1948—1962.

42

Figure 48. — Officer's undress collar

ornaments, 1914-1919; officer's dress

collar ornaments, 1919—1922; officer's dress collar, epaulet and shoulder knot ornaments, 1922-1942; officer's dress collarand shoulder knot ornaments 1942-

1948; officer's dress collar ornaments,

1948—19 62.
Figure 49. — Second Lieutenant Harry A. Ellsworth, 1917, in white undress uniform.

Figure 50. — Officer's field coat collar Figure 51. — Officer's epaulet ornaornaments, 1914—1922; officer's bronze ments, 1914—1919.

collar ornaments, 1922—1927.

43
44

Figure 52, — Colonel Harry K. White, 1916, in full-dress coat with epaulets.
Figure 53. — Enlisted dress cap orna— Figure 54. — Enlisted dress cap ornament, 1914—1922, ment, 1914—1922.

Figure 55. — Gunnery Sergeant Daniel Daly, circa. 1919, in undress uniform.

45
Figure 56. — Enlisted field cap and hat Figure 57. — Enlisted field cap and hat

ornament, 1914—1922. ornament, 1914—1922.

Figure 58. — Sergeant George Schifferer is shown in the winter field coat worn from

1914 to 1928. The "Montana Peak" field hat he is wearing was authorized for general

use from 1914 to 1942, and again from 1961 to the present, but for Drill Instructors at

Recruit Depots and Rifle Range personnel only.

46
Figure 59. — Enlisted service collar ornaments, 1918-1919.

E'igure 60. — Brigadier General Smedley D. Butler in France, 1918-1919, in winter

field uniform with overseas cap.

47
Figure 61. — Private Carrie E. Kenny,

in winter field uniform with field hat worn from 1918-1919.

Figure 62. — Private Carrie E. Kenny, in winter field uniform with winter field Glengarry cap. Women were enlisted in the Marine Corps Reserve during the World War I period from 12 August 1918 through

30 July 1919.

48
Figure 63. — Enlisted dress coat collar ornaments, 1920-1930.

Figure 64. — Enlisted service coat collar ornaments, 1920-1930.

49

CHAPTER VI

In 1922 yet another set of Uniform Regulations was issued. This was published on 11 September of that year and superceded the regulations of 1917 with the numerous modifications and changes but the ornaments prescribed for officers were

the same as those which had been worn continuously since 1912. The new enlisted

cap and hat ornaments were very similar to those dating back to that year, while

their collar ornaments were the same as those described in Uniform Regulation Changes No. 20 of 25 February 1920. The new publication also contained a few

additional changes that had not previously appeared. The most notable of these

changes involving an article of uniform on which the ornament was worn was the abolition of the enlisted bell-crown caps and their replacement with caps similar

in shape to those worn today. (Fig. 65) This had previously been authorized for officers by the Major General Commandant's Circular Letter of 24 April 1922. Also, the visors of all service caps were changed from tan to a russet (nut brown) color, and officers were provided a field hat similar to the recently modified

enlisted field hat.

Further, the sections covering the placement of Corps devices on officer's coat collars were amended to read: "Center of ornament 1 1/2 inches from the

neck opening" with staff department insignia placed "to the rear of the collar ornament, 2 inches center of ornament to center of insignia".

The proper ornaments to be worn on the officer's caps and hats were provided

for in the new regulations as follows:

"The gold and silver cap ornament shall be worn on the dress and undress white caps, and the bronze cap and hat ornament on the winter and summer service caps, the garrison cap, and the field hat, being worn on the garrison

cap on the left front side, with the center of the ornament 2 inches from the

front." (Figs. 42, 43, 45 & 66)

The gold and silver ornament was also worn on the full-dress and special full- dress caps of the Leader of the Band. While on the dress cap of the Commandant the ornament was to be placed within a wreath of gold embroidered oak leaves.

Fig. 67 Specifications for these ornaments are contained in Appendixes H-2, &

H-3.

The gold and silver collar ornaments were worn on the officer's dress and

undress white coats as well as shoulder knots. See Appendix H-5 and Figures 47 & 48. The bronze collar ornaments were worn on the officer's winter and

summer service coats. See Appendix H-6 and Figure 50.

Ornaments prescribed for the enlisted men were for both the caps and hat and

for the collars of the coats. For the caps and hat, the regulations provided that:

"The gilt cap ornament shall be worn by all enlisted men on the dress and white caps, and the bronze cap and hat ornament on the winter and summer service caps, the garrison cap, and the field hat. On the garrison cap, the bronze cap and the hat ornament shall be worn on the left front side, in the

place provided therefor."

51
The gilt cap ornament was also worn on the full-dress and special full-dress

cap of members of the band. (Figs. 68, 69 & 70)

For the coats of enlisted nen, the regulations provided:

"Gilt collar ornaments are prescribed for the collar of the dress coat, and bronze collar ornaments for the winter and summer service coats."

(Fig. 71)

In addition, the gilt collar ornaments were worn on the collars of the special

full—dress and full-dress coats of the Band. (Figs. 63, 64 & 72)

Altogether, three printed changes and a number of Circular Letters were

published to modify the 1922 Regulations as initially issued.

In Changes No. 1 dated 22 July 1924, the wreath of gold embroidered oak leaves was eliminated from the band of the Commandant's dress cap; the gilt collar orna- ments were removed from the special full-dress coat of Marine Bandsmen; and the

dimensions for the caps were modified slightly.

Except for very minor corrections the main purpose of Changes No. 2 dated

6 September 1924 together with its accompanying memorandum of 15 August 1925, was to provide the illustration plates that were missing at the time the regulations

were initially published.

On 14 April 1926 Circular Letters Nos. 16 and 17 were published prescribing

roll-collar service coats for both officers and enlisted men.

The dates these coats were to be obligatory was 1 July 1927 for winter service

and 1 January 1928 for summer service, but apparently due to procurement difficulties

the time for acquisition of the summer service coat for enlisted men was extended until 15 August 1928 for posts in the U.S. (outside the U. S. - until the supply of standing collar coats was exhausted), with the coat not to be worn prior to 15 October 1928. The time was similarly extended for enlisted winter service coat

until 1 October 1928. (Fig. 73)

The introduction of roll-collar coats brought about the need for smaller orna- ments. Circular Letter No. 46 of 6 December 1926 specified that:

"A small bronze collar ornament has been adopted for roll-collar coats for officers, to be obligatory on 1 July 1927, for winter service, and 1 January 1928

for summer service, but optional in the meantime. These ornaments will be

three-fourths the size of the bronze collar ornaments heretofore specified, and will be made in pairs, right and left, in one piece and will follow the design of

the basic Marine Corps emblem, omitting the motto, ribbon and rope."

The ornaments will be centered on the collar between the crease

roll and the outer edge, center of hemisphere 1 inch above the horizontal edge of notch, and the insignia will be placed on the lapel with the center mid-way

on a line bisecting the angle of the peak of lapel. The manner of placing these devices is illustrated by the inclosed sketch". (Fig. 74)

52
The sketch accompanying Circular Letter No. 46 introduced another style of ornament, differeing both in size and shape from all others previously authorized.

Its design was taken from the STANDARD U. S. MARINE CORPS EMBLEM, approved

by Major General Commandant John A. Lejeune and Acting Secretary of the Navy Theodore D. Robinson on 28 May 1925. The EMBLEM was drawn up by Staff Sergeant Joseph H. Burnett of the Quartermaster's Office, after a year of research.

(Fig. 75)

Derivation of the uniform ornament from the STANDARD U. S. MARINE CORPS

EMBLEM establishes a trend for the future. As will be seen in succeeding chapters

the Standard Emblem was to undergo two more changes and shortly after each modification a new ornament was prescribed.

53
Figure 65. — Marine Corporal James M. McCarthy, circa, 1922, in dress uniform.

Figure 66. — General Officer, 1922, in evening dress uniform.

54
Figure 67. — Major General Commandant John A. Lejeune,

circa. 1922-1924, in dress uniform with overcoat. His dress cap contains "the gold

and silver ornament encircled by a wreath of oak leaves embroidered In gold."

Figure 68. — Enlisted dress cap Figure 69. — Enlisted dress cap

ornament, 1922—1930. ornament, 1922—930.

55
56

Figure 70. — Enlisted bronze cap and hat ornament, 1922-1930.

Figure 71. — Sergeant Howard A. Drapeau, circa. 1922 in winter field uniform with field hat.
Figure 72. — Second Leader, United States Marine Band, 1922,

in full dress uniform

Figure 73. — Enlisted Marines of the 6th Battery, 10th Artillery and the 80th Co. 6th Regt., 3rd Brigade in winter service uniform (with roll-collar), leave for home

21 Nov. 1928 - Tientsin, China.

57
Figure 74. — Illustration accompanying Circular Letter No. 46 of 6 December 1926.

Roll-collar coats, Officers

Manner of placing

Ornaments on collar

and

Insignia on lapel
Figure 75. — Standard U. S. Marine Corps Emblem, approved 28 May 1925.

59

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CHAPTER VII

In 1929 another set of Uniform Regulations was prepared for publication. These

regulations, issued on 22 April 1930, were a composite of those of 1922 as modified by its changes and Circular Letters, plus a few additional changes that appeared for

the first time.

Among the new changes was the modification in the design of the Onlisted dress

and service collar ornaments to conform to the STANDARD U. S. MARINE CORPS

EMBLEM., adopted in 1925. This change in the officer's service collar ornaments

was previously authorized by Changes No. 46 of 6 December 1926.

Another new change involving the ornaments and the uniform on which they were worn, prescribed a special full-dress uniform with the full-dress cap and shoulder

knots for officers detailed to duty at the White House.

Other additions to the new regulations were the appearance of both the winter service garrison (overseas) cap for officers and enlisted men and the officer's

white mess jacket.

An examination of the ornaments worn during this period, indicates that while

the officer's cap and hat ornament was virtually the same as that worn since 1914, the enlisted cap and hat ornament was modified slightly in design from its predecessor. (Figs. 79 & 80)

Under the new regulations, the officers dress cap ornament was to be worn on

the dress and white undress caps, as well as the full-dress and special full-dress cap for officers detailed for White House duty and for the Leader of the Marine

Band. (Figs. 42 & 43) Specifications for this ornament are contained in Appendix

1-2.

The officers service cap and hat ornament was worn on the summer service and winter service caps, the summer service and winter service garrison caps, and on the field hat. (Fig. 45) See Appendix 1-3 for pertinent details of this ornament.

The dress collar and shoulder knot ornaments were worn on the officers dress

and undress white coats, as well as the white mess jacket and shoulder knots. Specifications for these ornaments are listed in Appendix 1-5. (Figs. 47, 48 & 76)

For the officers summer service and winter service coats, the service collar

ornaments were prescribed. (See Appendix 1-6 and Figs. 77 & 78.)

For the enlisted cap and hat ornaments the regulations provided that: "The gilt ornament (Fig. 79) shall be worn by all enlisted men on the dress and white caps, and the bronze cap and hat ornament (Fig. 80) on the summer service and winter service caps, the (summer service and winter service) garrison caps, and the

field hat. . . •" The gilt cap ornament was also worn on full-dress and special

full-dress caps of the Marine Bandsmen.

61
The collar ornaments authorized for the enlisted men were of both gilt and bronze. The gilt collar ornaments (Fig. 81) were worn on the dress coat while the bronze ornaments (Fig. 82) were worn on the summer service and winter service coats.

The gilt collar ornaments were also worn on the full dress coats of Marine Bandsmen.

Before the 1929 Regulations were replaced by those of 1937, several changes

took place involving articles of uniform on which the ornaments were worn.

One significant change appeared in Changes No. 1 of 30 June 1932. The shoulder

knots worn on the full dress coats of the Aide-de-camp to the President and officers

detailed for duty at the WhiteHousé "were discarded and were replaced by epaulets." This resulted in another type ornament being authorized that was to be worn on the

epaulet only. See Appendix I-9d.

Another change was published on 31 August 1935 authorizing a new white mess

jacket that was to be obligatory on 1 July 1936. The placement of the ornaments was on the shoulder straps, as opposed to the collar where they were previously worn.

62
Figure 7(. — Captain John Kaluf, 1936, in blue undress B uniform.

63
64

Figure 77. — Officer's service collar ornament (left), 1927-1937.

Figure 78. — Lt. Colonel Clifton B. Cates, circa. 1936, in winter service C uniform.
Figure 79. — Enlisted gilt cap ornament, 1930-1937.

Figure 80. — Enlisted bronze cap and hat ornament, 1930-1937.

Figure 81. — Enlisted gilt collar ornaments, 1930—1937.

Figure 82.— Enlisted bronze collar ornament, (right ornament) 1930—1937.

CHAPTER VIII

The Uniform RegulaUons that were to see the Marines through World War II and

into the post-war era were prescribed in 1.937. During this period, some of the more

important developments involving ornaments and uniforms included experimentation with plastic cap and collar ornaments, the adoption of wool green and khaki service

jackets, the modification of the enlisted dress blue coat, and the authorization of a new officer's evening dress uniform.

These regilations, issued on 21 May 1937, were as usual a combination of the preceeding (1929) edition with all of its modifications, as well as containing several new changes that appeared for the first time.

On 16 March 1936 a new STANDARD U. S. MARINE CORPS EMBLEM was

approved by Major General Commandant John H. Russell and Secretary of the Navy Claude A. Swanson. (Fig. 84) This change was reflected in the design of the orna- ment that appeared in the 1937 Regulations the following year.

Due to the time needed by. the insignia manufacturers to re-tool, the new

ornaments were not seen immediately. When the officers' ornaments finally appeared, several different styles were noticed. This was due to the fact that although certain

required specifications were provided, there was no standard pattern designated, and each manufacturer produced an ornament that differed slightly in design from

those of other makers. (As examples see Figs. 85, 86 & 87)

In examining officer's cap ornaments manufactured during this period, it can be

seen that the anchor rope or cable was wrapped around the flukes of the anchor. Prior to this the rope was arranged in a manner that it passed over the base of the

top anchor fluke.

Moreover, it should be noted that most officer's dress and service ornaments produced during World War II were made of sterling silver. This came about because of the scarcity of the other metals that were needed for the war effort.

When the enlisted ornaments issued through the supply system appeared, uni- formity in design had been achieved. This resulted from efforts by the Supply Department to furnish standard ornament hubs to manufacturers who had contracted to produce ornaments.

One significant change involving uniform items on which ornaments were worn

appeared in the new 1937 Regülatibns. This was the elimination of the full-dress and special full-dress cap for the enlisted members of the Marine Band.

Following the example of its predecessors, the 1937 Regulations furnished the

specifications for all officer's ornaments, including instructions as to how they were

to be worn. For the cap and hat ornaments it provided that: "The dress cap orna- ment shall be worn on the full-dress, dress, and white caps; (Figs. 85, 86 & 87), and the service cap and hat ornament on the winter and summer service caps, the winter and summer service garrison caps, and the field hat." (Figs. 88, 89 & 90) See Appendix J-2 & J-3 for the specifications of these ornaments.

67
The requirements for the officer's collar ornaments, were that: "The dress collar ornaments shall be worn on the dress and white coats, the white mess jacket, and on the epaulets and shoulder knots. (Figs. 91, 92 & 93) The service collar ornaments shall be worn on the summer and winter service coats." (Figs. 94 & 95)

Appendix J-5 & J-6 contain the specifications of these ornaments.

Instructions for the wearing of the enlisted cap and hat ornament were that:

"The gilt cap ornament shall be worn by all enlisted men on the dress and white caps, (Figs. 96 & 97), and the bronze cap and hat ornament on the winter and summer service caps, the garrison caps, and the field hat. (Fig. 98) On the garrison caps, the bronze cap and hat ornaments shall be worn on the

left front side, in the place provided therefor".

For the enlisted men, the gilt collar ornaments were to be worn on the dress coat as well as on the full-dress coat of the enlisted members of tue Band. (Fig. 99)

The bronze collar ornaments were to be worn on the winter and summer service coats.

(Figs. 100 & 101)

From the time of its issue, many important changes took place that extensively modified the 1937 Uniform Regulations.

On 6 May 1938, Circular Letter No. 242 was issued requiring that the left service collar ornament be substituted for the service cap and hat ornament on the

summer and winter service garrison caps. This change has remained in force to the

present day.

Circular Letter No. 246 of 31 May 1938 eliminated the enlisted summer service

coat while Circular Letter No. 413 of 10 December 1940 prescribed the fiber helmet

as an article of uniform to be worn. The service cap and hat ornament was worn on

this helmet, as is indicated by an examination of contemporaneous photographs.

(Fig. 102)

The field hat was abolished as an article of uniform by Circular Letter No. 584 of 28 May 1942. As a result Circular Letter No. 586 of 8 June 1942 the "service cap and hat ornament" was redesignated "service cap ornament" and the words "field hat" was striken from the description of uniform articles on which it was

worn.

Sometime during the early part of World War II (possibly late 1942 or early 1943), because of the scarcity of certain critical metals, it was decided to issue enlisted service cap and collar ornaments made of dark-brown plastic. (Figs. 103 & 104)

During the time the First Marine Division was in Australia in 1943, convalescing

from the ordeal of Guadalcanal, as a matter of expediency, the "Aussie" battle

jacket was issued as a replacement for the winter service coat. Also due to supply

difficulties, ornaments were procured locally as evidenced by the specimens shown in Figures 105 and 106. The ornament bears the marking "K. 0. LUKE MEL- BOURNE."

68
Probably as a result of favorable reactions to the Australian battle jacket, an

officers winter service (field) jacket closely resembling it was authorized by Letter

of Instruction 754 of 20 May 1944. Letter of Instruction No. 885 of 15 November 1944 provided that this jacket would be optional and that ". . . collar ornaments will be

worn in the same manner as prescribed for summer and winter service coats." In

turn, Letter of Instruction No. 928 of 17 January 1945 the specifications for the jacket

were slightly modified as well as including a provision for a 1/8" diameter worked

eyelet" on its lapel for the collar ornaments. Further, in Letter of Instruction No. 1245 of 21 March 1946 the jacket was again slightly modified and was redesignated

the Jacket, service, wool, green.

The last event concerning officers service jackets came about with the publication of Letter of Instruction No. 1274 of 9 May 1946 which authorized a khaki service

jacket for officers. Subsequently the specifications for this jacket were contained

in Letter of Instruction No. 1291 of 7 June 1946.

For the enlisted men both the wool green and khaki service jackets were adopted

in 1946. The wool green jacket was adopted in February of that year while the

khaki jacket appeared during that summer. (Figs. 107 & 108)

An additional uniform change came about by the decision to bring back the

"dress blue" uniform whose wear had been discontinued during World War II. An article in the August 1946 issue of THE LEATHERNECK stated that:

"It was. . .directed by the Commandant that September 1, 1946, be desig- nated as the date when blue dress would once more become the uniform for

shipboard wear, special formations and liberty. . ."

When the dress uniform did appear, its coat contained four outer pockets, similar to those on the winter service coat, and the tin wire grommet in the cap had

been replaced by a half-inch wide metal strip. (Fig. 109)

One more change to be mentioned at this time occurred in 1948 with the publication of Marine Corps Bulletin 8-48 which announced a new evening dress uniform

Lor officers. The main modifications included the removal of the shoulder knots

(with dress ornaments) and the redesign of the collar with the placement of the dress ornaments in the appropriate place thereon.

MARINE CORPS WOMEN'S RESERVE

On 13 February 1943 the Marine Corps Women's Reserve was established, representing the second time in Marine Corps history that women were enrolled within its ranks. The first instance was during World War I, when 305 women were

enlisted to perform clerical jobs, mostly at Headquarters Marine Corps. Chapter V includes the pertinent uniform and emblem information regarding these early

Women Marines.

Among the new organization's first set of regulations was a publication entitled

"Uniform Regulations, U. S. Marine Corps Women's Reserve, 1943" which was enclosure (A) to Letter of Instruction No. 523 of 27 August 1943. These regulations were the result of the actions of a uniform board established on 17 June 1943,

69
which submitted its recommendations to the Commandant, Lieutenant ueneral

Thomas Holcomb, in July for his approval, and were subsequently approved by

Secretary of the Navy Frank Knox on 25 August 1943.

Ornaments were prescribed in the regulations for both officers and enlisted

women. The proper usuage of officers ornaments was:

CAP AND HAT ORNAMENTS

The service cap ornament shall be worn on the winter service cap, and

dress cap ornament on summer dress and summer service caps.

COLLAR ORNAMENTS

(a) Service collar ornaments shall be worn on the winter service coat

centered on the collar.

(b) Dress ornaments shall be worn on the summer dress and summer

service coats, centered on the collar. . . (Fig. 110)

For the enlisted ornaments the regulations provided that:

CAP AND HAT ORNAMENTS

The dress (gilt) cap ornament shall be worn on the summer cap; and the

service (bronze) cap ornament on summer service hat and winter service cap.

COLLAR ORNAMENTS

(a) Service (bronze) collar ornaments shall be worn on winter service

coat. . . (Fig. 111)

(b) Dress (gilt) collar ornaments shall be worn on summer dress coat, sum- mer service B and summer service C coats, and service collar ornaments on

summer service A coat. . ." (Fig. 112)

No specifications for these ornaments were given, but an examination of all available material confirms that these were the same as those prescribed for male

personnel of the period.

As in the case of all uniform regulations, these were subject to modification by

various printed changes.

In letter of Instruction No. 670 of 24 February 1944 the officer's summer dress cap was eliminated, and •was replaced by the summer service cap. An officer's

summer dress A coat was also added on which dress collar ornaments were to be

worn "on the center line of each shoulder strap, 3/4 inch from armhole seam with

head of eagle facing front." (Fig. 113)

Letter of Instruction No. 777 of 9 June 1944, contained several pertinent changes. A garrison cap of sage-green material trimmed with white braid was authorized, on

70
which the left service collar ornament was worn. This cap, worn with the summer

service A uniform, was optional for officers, but replaced the light green hat worn

by enlisted women. The section of the regulations dealing with the method of wearing

the officers cap ornaments was amended accordingly as well as the paragraphs concerning the wearing of the officers collar ornament. See Appendix K-5b.

For the enlisted women, the section pertaining to the method of wearing the cap

and hat ornament and the paragraph in the regulations dealing with the proper orna- ment to be worn on the enlisted summer coats were revised accordingly. See

Appendix K-5c.

At about the time the garrison cap was authorized, a utility cap of the same pattern, made of 6 ounce green twill, to be worn as part of the utility uniform also was approved. The left service collar ornament was worn in the front on the left side of this cap, in the same manner the ornament was worn on the garrison cap.

On 30 April 1945, Secretary of the Navy James Forrestall approved the publication "Uniform Regulations, U. S. Marine Corps Women's Reserve, 1945."

The regulations were a composite of the 1943 Regulations as modified by its changes together with several additional changes that appeared for the first time, and were to remain in effect until 1 October 1949.

tt new item of clothing on which the ornaments were worn introduced by these

regulations was the summer service L. S. (long sleeve) coat, prescribed for both

officer and enlisted personnel.

Instructions contained in these regulations for the Officer's ornaments were:

CAP ORNAMENTS

(a) The service cap ornament shall be worn on the winter service cap, and on the summer dress cap with summer service and summer parade uniforms, and with the summer undress uniform when brown pumps are worn.

(b) The dress cap ornament shall be worn on the summer dress cap with

summer dress and summer dress A uniforms, and with the summer undress

uniform when white pumps are worn.

(C) The left service collar ornament shall be worn on the garrison cap

(and utility cap) on the left side, in the place provided therefor.

COLLAR ORNAMENTS

(a) Service collar ornaments shall be worn on the winter service coat

centered on the collar. .

(b) Collar ornaments shall be worn on the summer dress, summer service,

and summer service L. S. coats centered on the collar. . . (C) Dress collar ornaments shall be worn on the summer dress coat, and on

the summer service L. S. coat, when the latter is worn with white pumps.

71
(d) Service collar ornaments shall be worn on the summer servi. e coat,

and on the summer service L. S. coat, when prescribed as summer parade uniform; also when the summer service L. S. coat is worn with brown pumps.

(e) Dress collar ornaments shall be worn on the summer dress A coat

on the center line of each shoulder strap.

For enlisted women the provisions concerning the usage of ornaments were:

CAP ORNAMENTS

(a) The bronze cap ornament shall be worn on the winter service cap, and on

the summer dress cap with summer parade uniform.

(b) The gilt cap ornament shall be worn on the summer dress cap with

summer dress and summer undress uniforms.

(c) The left bronze collar ornament shall be worn on the garrison cap

(and utility cap) on the left side, in the place provided therefor.

COLLAR ORNAMENTS

(a) Bronze collar ornaments shall be worn on the winter service coat, centered on the collar.

(b) Collar ornaments shall be worn on the summer dress coat, summer

service coat and summer service L.S. coat, centered on the collar. .

(c) Gilt collar ornaments shall be worn on the summer dress coat and on

the summer L. S. coat.

(d) Bronze collar ornaments shall be worn on the summer service coat and

on the summer service L. S. coat, when prescribed as summer parade uniform.

As in the case of the 1943 Regulations, the specifications for the prescribed

ornaments were the same as for those worn by the male personnel of the period.

72
Figure 84. — Standard U. S. Marine Corps Emblem, approved 16 March 1936.

Figure 85. — Officer's dress cap ornament, 1937—1962.

Figure 86. — Officer's dress cap ornament, 1937-1962.

73
74

Figure 87. — Officer's dress cap ornament, 1937-1962.

Figure 88. — Officer's service cap and hat ornament, 1937-1942;

officer's service cap ornament, 1942-1962.

Figure 89. — Officer's service cap, and hat ornament, 1937—1942, officer's

service cap ornament, 1942-1962.
Figure 90. — Officer's service cap and hat ornament, 1937-1942; officer's

service cap ornament, 1942-1962.

Figure 91. — Officer's dress collar Figure 92. — Officer's dress collar

ornaments, 1937—1962. ornaments, 1937—1962.

Figure 93. — Leader, Marine Band, 1937, in full dress uniform.

75
Figure 94. — Officer's service collar Figure 95. — Officer's service collar

ornaments, 1937—1962. ornaments, 1937—1962.

Figure 96. — Enlisted gilt cap ornament, 1937-1949; enlisted dress cap. ornament, 1949-1955

Figure 97. — Marine Corporal, circa. 1945, in blue undress "B" uniform.

76
Figure 98. — Enlisted bronze cap and hat ornament, 1937-1942; enlisted bronze cap

ornament, 1942—1955.

Figure 99. — Enlisted gilt collar orna- Figure 100. — Enlisted bronze collar

ments (screw post type), 1937—1955. ornaments (screw post type),1937-1949; enlisted service collar ornaments (screw

post type), 1949—1955.

Figure 101. — Marine Plc, circa. 1945, in winter service "A" uniform.

77
Figure 102. — Ilarine Corporal, circa. 1945, in summer service uniform with

fiber helmet.

Figure 103. — Enlisted plastic service cap ornament, circa. 1943.

Figure 104. — Enlisted plastic service Figure 105. — Service collar ornament

collar ornaments, circa. 1943. (right), (obverse), circa. 1943, procured

in Australia.

78
Figure 106. — Service collar, ornament (right), (reverse), circa. 1943, procured in Australia, marked "K. 0. LUKE MELBOURNE".

Figure 107. — Marine First Sergeant, 1946,innew winter service "A" uniform with

green wool service j acket and winter service garrison cap.

79
80

Figure 108. — Marine Pfc, 1948, in summer service uniform.

Figure 109. — Marine First Sergeant, 1946, in blue undress "A" uniform.
Figure 110. — Second Lieutenant Frances Seibert, USMCWR, 1944, in summer service "A" uniform.

Figure 111. — Cpl Beverly Jane Thybony, USMCWR, 1943, in winter service uniform.

81
Figure 112. — Sgt Mary. Frances Igoe, USMCWR, 1944, in summer dress uniform.

Figure 113. — Woman Reserve Officer, 1944, in summer dress "A" uniform.

82
CHAPTER IX

During the Post-World War II period, the status of uniform regulations was far

from clear with two sets of regulations in existence, each with its own modifications or changes. The male Marines were using the 1937 Regulations as modified by Circular Letters, Letters of Instruction and a formal printed change, while at the

same time the Women's Reserve was following the 1945 edition of its own regulations.

In order to consolidate all of these regulations into one publication, it was decided to include them in a chapter of the Marine Corps Manual which was then being revised. As a result, when the new manual was published in 1949, the new

regulations appeared in Vol. I, Personnel andGeneral Administration, as Chapter 49, "Uniforms".

Chapter 49 was a composite of the regulations of 1937 as modified, those of the Women's Reserve of 1945 with changes, plus a few additions appearing for the first

time, The most notable of the pertinent new changes for male Marines was the

abolition of the full dress uniform which was worn by officers detailed for duty at the White House. This uniform, on which the dress ornaments were worn on the

full dress cap and epaulets, apparently fell into disuse during World War II.

For women officers, the summer dress, summer dress "A" and summer

service L.S. (long sleeve) coats were redesignated as the short sleeve white, long

sleeve white and long sleeve seersucker coats.

Instructions for wear of the cap and collar ornaments of male Marines as pre- scribed in the 1949 Regulations were:

CAP ORNAMENT

1. The dress cap ornament shall be worn on the dress cap (with white or blue covers as well as the full dress cap of the Leader, Marine Band).

2. The bronze cap ornament shall he worn on the (winter and summer) service caps and the fiber helmet.

3. The left service collar ornament shall be worn on the left front side of

the (summer and winter) service garrison caps, with the ornament centered

vertically 2 inches from the front.

See Appendix M-1 for the cap ornaments' specifications.

COLLAR ORNAMENT

1. Dress collar ornament shall be worn on the blue dress and white coats, the evening dress and white mess jackets (and on the shoulder knots of the

Leader, Marine Band).

a. On the blue coat, the white coat, and the evening dress jacket, the ornaments shall be placed vertically in the center of each side of the

collar. .

83
b. On the white mess jacket, the ornaments shall be worn on the center

line of the shoulder strap.

2. Gilt collar ornamerts shall be worn by all enlisted men on the dress coat and by members of the Marine Band on the full-dress coat, except the

full dress coat worn by the Drum Major.

3. Service collar ornaments shall be worn on the summer and winter service coats and jackets.

4. Collar ornaments will be not worn on khaki shirts.

The specifications for the collar ornaments are contained in Appendix M-2.

For the women officer's ornaments the regulations provided:

CAP ORNAMENT

1. The bronze cap ornament shall be worn on the winter service cap, and on the summer dress cap with summer service and with the summer undress uniforms when brown pumps are worn.

2. The dress cap ornament shall be worn on the summer dress cap with

summer dress and summer undress uniforms when white pumps are worn.

3. The left service collar ornament shall be worn on the left front side of

the garrison cap (and utility cap) in the place provided therefor.

COLLAR ORNAMENT

1. Service collar ornaments shall be worn on the winter service coat, centered on the collar.

2. Collar ornaments shall be worn on the summer dress "A", summer

undress "A", and "B", and summer service coats, centered on the collar.

3. Dress collar ornaments shall be worn on the summer dress "A", summer

undress "A", and summer undress "B" when worn with white pumps.

4. Service collar ornaments shall be worn on the summer service and

summer undress "B" coats when worn with brown pumps.

5. Dress collar ornaments shall be worn on the summer dress "B" and

summer undress "C" coats on the center line of each shoulder strap. .

The manner of wearing the enlisted women's ornaments as provided for in the

regulations were:

CAP ORNAMENTS

1. The bronze cap ornament shall be worn on the winter service cap, and on the summer dress cap with summer service or summer undress "B" when worn with brown pumps.

84
2. The gilt cap ornament shall be worn on the summer dress cap with

summer dress and summer undress uniforms when white pumps are worn.

3. The left bronze collar ornament shall be worn on the left front side of the

garrison cap (and utility cap) in the place provided therefor.

COLLAR ORNAMENT

1. Bronze collar ornaments shall be worn on the winter service coat, centered on the collar.

2. Collar ornaments shall be worn on the summer dress, summer undress,

and summer service uniforms, centered on the collar.

3. Gilt collar ornaments shall be worn on the summer dress coat, summer

undress "A", and summer undress "B", when white pumps are worn.

4. Bronze collar ornaments shall be worn on the summer service coat,

and on summer undress "B", when brown pumps are worn.

The ornaments initially authorized for wear by these regulations were the same

as those prescribed by those of 1937 (see Chapter VIII).

During the period the 1949 Regulations were in force (1949-1962) important changes took place involving the ornaments as well as the items on which they were

worn.

During the later part of 1951 or the early part of 1952 the enlisted khaki service

jacket was phased out. In its place, a tropical garrison khaki shirt was authorized, which had a clutch type service collar ornament. These ornaments were similar in

design to those prescribed in 1937 but incorporated clutch fasteners. (Figs. 114 &

115) Shortly thereafter the clutch service collar ornament was prescribed for the khaki (cotton) shirt and in addition, under certain circumstances, the clutch type gilt collar ornaments could be worn on the tropical or khaki shirts when worn with

the blue trousers. (Fig. 116) Printed Change No. 4 of January 1954 reflected

the addition of the collar ornaments to the shirt collars of enlisted men by amending

paragraph 4 of the ORNAMENT, COLLAR section to read:

4. Collar ornaments will not be worn on khaki shirts, except when Summer Service "A" and "B" or Winter Service "C" is prescribed at which time

enlisted men will wear the service collar ornaments centered on each side of

the shirt collar midway between top edge of collar and point, and one (1) inch

from edge of collar, with wings and eagle parallel to the top edge of the collar.

In the 1952-53 period a new set of uniforms, the M-52 series, was prescribed

for Women Marines. These were worn concurrently with the "old style" uniforms, which were to phase out by mid 1957. At the time the new series was introduced, some of the articles of clothing under the old system were redesignated or discontinued. These included the summer dress cap that was renamed the summer service

cap, the winter service coat that was redesignated as the green coat, and the summer

85
service coat that was renamed the green and white stripe coat. In addition, tne short

sleeve white coat was redesignated the white coat, while the long sleeve white coat was phased out. Also at this time the long sleeve seersucker coat disappeared, along with that of the short sleeve seersucker coat for enlisted women. Under the

M-52 series the Women Marines "dress blue" uniform appeared with the appropriate dress or gilt ornaments being worn on the blue cap and coat. (Fig. 117).

An evening dress uniform for women officer's was also prescribed by these

regulations, together with the requirement that the dress collar ornaments be worn

on the evening dress jacket.

Other uniforms prescribed were the new winter service with its green cap and

coat with appropriate service ornaments; (Fig. 118) and the summer service uniform

with its dacron-nylon cap, coat and dress. The service collar ornaments were worn on both the coat and dress, while the left service collar ornament was worn on the

cap. (Fig. 119)

Due to the various modifications in the Women Marines uniforms, the para- graphs pertaining to their ornaments were amended by Printed Change No. 5 of August 1954. These revisions are shown in Appendix M-8.

Printed Change No. 5 also officially recognized the practice of wearing the cap ornament on the helmet liner. Plate No. 43 contained an illustration of an enlisted.

member of the Military Police wearing a white enameled helmet liner encircled with a scarlet and gold band, with the enlisted gilt cap ornament placed in front. This helmet liner was authorized only for "Fleet Marine Force units in the field at

the discretion of the Commanding General", in accordance with the Commandant's

remarks to the Uniform Board's Minutes No. 4 of 26 July 1954.

Several additional changes appeared in Printed Change No. 6 of December 1954

involving articles of uniform on which the ornament was worn. The most notable of the changes was the abolition of the officer's khaki service jacket. Another was

the modification of the officer's mess jacket with the dress collar ornaments being

removed from the shoulder straps and placed on the lapels. Also, white cap covers as well as blue were prescribed for enlisted members of the Marine Band in special full-dress uniform. Further, the service collar ornaments were removed from the

khaki shirt as part of winter service "C" uniform and the regulations were modified

as follows:

"Collar ornaments will not be worn on khaki shirts, except when Summer Service "A" and "B" is prescribed, at which time enlisted men will wear the

service collar ornaments centered on each side of the shirt collar. . ."

Printed Change No. 9 of August 1955 amended the section of the regulations pertaining to the wearing of collar ornaments to reflect the change in their place- ment on their white mess jacket which had previously been authorized in Printed Change No. 6 of December 1954. The wording of the pertinent sub-paragraph was

revised to:

"On the white mess jacket, the ornaments shall be worn on the collar, in

the eyelets provided therefor. ."

86
In Printed Change Number 14 of June 1956, the term "Ornament" was changed

to "Insignia, Branch of Service" and all appropriate paragraphs in the regulations were modified accordingly. Although new terminology was used there were no

essential differences in the revised paragraphs concerning the ornaments or manner

in which they were worn. See Appendix M-11 for a description of the Insignia, Branch of Service by this Change.

By 30 June 1957 most of the old-style women Marines uniforms had phased out eliminating several items of uniforms on which the ornaments were worn. These

included the old-style winter service cap and green coat, as well as the green and white stripe coat. The enlisted summer service cap and white coat also had been

abolished by that time.

Several new changes involving items of uniform on which the ornament was worn were contained in Marine Corps Order 1020.24 of 29 August 1957. The most

significant change discarded the blue cap cover 1 October 1957, for all male personnel except those of the Marine Band. Other changes authorized green and khaki coats with bellows backs for officers, and tropical and khaki shirts with french cuffs for

staff non-commissioned officers.

Several changes involving uniform items were to take place in 1958. MCO

10123.5 of 15 January 1958 prescribed a redesigned white uniform for women

officers. This uniform included a new style long sleeve white coat on which the

dress collar ornaments were to be worn.

In July 1958, Printed Change No. 25 of Chapter 49 was issued. This change

specified that the "jacket, man's green" (winter service jacket) worn since 1946 would be obsolete by 30 June 1960. However, due to exigencies of the period, this

jacket was authorized to be worn under certain circumstances until 1968.

In 1958, a green cap of the same style and design as the winter service and blue dress caps was approved for wear by women officers with their white uniform. Information concerning this cap, on which the dress cap ornament was worn, is contained in the Uniform Board's Minutes to Meeting No. 33 held on 23 July 1959.

During the period 1959-60, additional changes or modifications occurred involving pertinent uniform items. One significant change was contained in MCO 1020.27 of 26 February 1959 which introduced "a 14 ounce blue gabardine material as standard

for the manufacture of the male enlisted blue uniform." Thus, the use of kersey material which had been used in the manufacture of the enlisted blue uniform since

before the turn of the century had come to an end.

Also during this period a new item of uniform was produced on which the orna- ment was worn. MCO 10120.23A of 9 July 1959 and MCO 1020.29 of 13 April 1960

introduced the short sleeve shirt for male Marines into the supply system. The method of wearing the ornament on the enlisted short sleeve shirt (shirt, khaki, with quarter length sleeve) is illustrated in Figure 120 which was taken from

MCO 10120.23A.

Additional changes concerning articles of clothing on which the ornament was worn appeared in Printed Change No. 44 of February 1961. The field hat which had

87
been abolished on 28 May 1942, reappeared bearing the new identificati. 'Hat, Service, Campaign." •This hat, on which the service cap ornament was worn, was

authorized for wear only by rifle and pistol team members, permanent range personnel and Drill Instructors at the Recruit Depots at Parrts Island and San Diego. The paragraphs dealing with the ornaments (Insignia, Branch of Service)

worn by male Marines were also revised. While no major changes were encountered, the collar ornaments could again be worn on the shirt collars with the enlisted winter service "C" uniform. See Appendix M-12 for these revisions.

Another important change was contained in Marine Corps Order 1020.33 of 5 May 1961, which removed the ornaments from the shirt collars of enlisted men. This resulted from Commandant General David M. Shoup's approval of the recommendations of a Staff Non-Commissioned Officers Symposium presented to him by a memorandum of 11 January 1961 enclosing the Minutes of the Permanent Marine

Corps Uniform Board Meeting No. 43.

In 1961, the uniform regulations again became a separate publication. Marine Corps Order P1020.34 of 2 June of that year, removed Chapter 49 in its entirety

from Vol. I of the Marine Corps Manual and redesignated it the "Interim Uniform

Regulations." The order further stated that: "Headquarters is currently preparing

a new manual entitled 'Marine Corps Uniform Regulations' to replace the 'Interim

Uniform Regulations." Those were to appear in 1962.

During the tenure of the Interim Uniform Regulations one major development

occurred involving the ornaments.

This was contained in the Uniform Board's Minutes to Meeting No. 49 held on 20 July 1961 in which the Quartermaster General of the Marine Corps proposed to

"designate the Insignia, Branch of Service, collar clutch as limited standard and

adopt the Insignia, Branch of Service, collar screw post as the standard Insignia. "Background for this proposal as contained in the minutes:

1. On 23 January 1961, the Commandant of the Marine Corps approved the Uniform Board's recommendation to discontinue the wearing of collar orna- ments on the khaki and tropical shirts.

2. In view of the above, the Quartermaster General has recommended:

a. That the Insignia, Branch of Service, collar clutch be declared limited

standard and that the Insignia, Branch of Service, collar, screw post be

adopted as the standard insignia.

b. That Insignia, Branch of Service, collar clutch, gold be declared

obsolete and disposed of since all requirements for this type insignia have been deleted.

3. The clutch type insignia as well as the screw post type is presently

being utilized on enlisted green coats, jackets and garrison caps. The screw

post type insignia only is being utilized on blue uniform collars. It is not considered feasible to utilize the clutch type insignia with the blue uniform

collar.

88
4. The Military Clothing and Textile Supply Agency is in a buy position for Insignia, Branch of Service and unless action is initiated to change supply

classifications, the clutch type insignia, will be procured.

After considering this background information, the Board arrived at the following

recommendations:

a. That the Insignia, Branch of Service, Bronze, collar clutch be designated as

limited standard and Insignia, Branch of Service, Bronze, collar screw post be

adopted as the standard insignia.

b. That the Insignia, Branch of Service, Gold, collar clutch be declared obsolete

and disposed of to the best interests of the Government.

These were then submitted to the Commandant on 28 August 1961 who in turn

approved them on 6 October of that year.

SEAL OF THE UNITED STATES MJRINE CORPS

In 1954 a chain of events took place that led up to the last major change in the design of the ornament. On 22 June of that year President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed Executive Order 10538 "Establishing a Seal for the United States Marine Corps." Background behind the origin of this seal was contained in a press release of that time:

"President Eisenhower today approved the design of an official seal for the United States Marine Corps.

The adoption of this seal marks the first time in 178 years of Marine Corps history that the Corps has had one standard official seal.

The new seal consists of the traditional United States Marine Corps emblem in

bronze; an American bald eagle with wings displayed standing upon the western

hemisphere of the terrestrial globe holding in his beak a scroll inscribed with the Marine Corps motto "SEMPER FIDELIS" (Ever Faithful) with the hemisphere

superimposed on a foul anchor. The emblem is displayed on a scarlet background

encircled with a Navy blue band edged in a gold rope rim and inscribed Department of the Navy, United States Marine Corps in gold letters.

The seal was designed at the request of the Commandant, General Lemuel C.

Shepherd, Jr., by the Heraldic Branch of the Quartermaster General, Department of the Army, who is charged with all heraldic matters for the armed forces by the Department of Defense. The design of the seal incorporated minor and technical refinements based on the STANDARD U. S. MARINE CORPS EMBLEM adopted in 1936." (The seal is illustrated in Fig. 121.)

Coincident with •the approval of the seal by the President, the Marine Corps Emblem centered on the seal was adopted as the official Marine Corps Emblem. As a result, the Commandant in 1955 approved the enlisted men's cap and collar ornaments developed by the Permanent Marine Corps Uniform Board which incor- porated the new design. The necessary dies and tools to manufacture these ornaments

89
were then procured and transmitted to the Marine Corps Supply Activity where

they could be loaned as needed to Contractors for the manufacture of the enlisted

ornaments.

Shortly thereafter, the new enlisted cap and collar ornaments began to appear

in the supply system. The anchor of these ornaments contained reversed flukes, which made it technically correct for the first time since 1868. Previous ornaments had both anchor flukes turned outboard.

The new collar ornaments included a rope wrapped around their anchors, which was the first time that anchor ropes appeared on collar ornaments.

The color of the ornaments for the dress uniform was gilt or gold and similar

in color to those previously issued. The service ornaments were a dark-brown

color instead of the previously issued black ornaments.

The gilt and service cap ornaments contained a screw post fastener. However, the service collar ornament contained a clutch fastener while those of gilt were

issued with both clutch and screw post fasteners. (Fig. 122) The gilt ornament with the clutch fasteners was worn on the shirt, while the one with the screw post

fastener was worn on the blue coat. (See Figures 123, 124, 125, 126 & 127)

Lack of uniformity in officer's ornaments led to a study by the Uniform Board of the feasiability of a standard ornament. Previously each insignia manufacturer,

although keeping within specified dimensions, produced an ornament that differed

in design from ail others. After a detailed study, the Board submitted a memoran- dum to the Commandnat on 5 May 1960 recommending that the officer's ornaments

submitted with the memo, and based upon the design of the Marine Corps Emblem

in the Marine Corps Seal, be approved as standard, which will enable uniformity to be "achieved throughout the Marine Corps and industry," The board's recom- mendations were approved by the Commandant, General David M. Shoup on 10 May

1960.

Due to necessary retooling operations on the part of the manufacturers, it wasn't until 1962 that the new officers ornaments appeared. As with the new enlisted ornament, the anchor flukes on these were reversed, and the officers collar

ornaments contained anchor ropes for the first time. See Figures 128, 129, 130 & 131 for specimens of these ornaments.

90
Figure 114. — Enlisted service collar Figure 115. — Enlisted service collar

ornaments (clutch) (obverse), 1951-1955. ornaments (clutch) (reverse), 1951—1955.

Figure 116. — Enlisted gilt collar ornaments (clutch) circa. 1951-1955.

Figure 117. — Woman Marine Officer, 1952, in blue undress uniform.

91
Figure 118. — Woman Marine Captain 1952, in winter service "A" uniform.

Figure 119. — Women Marines' Uniforms, 1952. The Woman Marine, left, models

the blue undress uniform. In the center is the winter service "A" uniform, while on

the right is the summer service uniform.

92
Figure 120. — Correct placement of enlisted collar ornaments on the short-sleeve,

khaki shirt.

Figure 121. — Seal of the United States Marine Corps, approved 22 June 1954 by

President Dwight D. Eisenhower.

93

_l_, S lit —T ala two a Coat

AL CETHE

UNITED STATES

MARINE CORPS
Figure 122. —,Marine Corporal 1960, in summer service "A" uniform.

Figure 123. — Enlisted dress cap orna- ment, 1955—1956; enlisted dress cap

insignia, branch of service, 1956 to the

present.

94

Figure 124. — Enlisted bronze cap

ornament, 1955-1956; enlisted bronze

cap insignia, branch of service, 1956- 1961; enlisted service cap insignia, branch of service, 1951-1963.
Figure 125. — Enlisted gilt collar ornaments (clutch), 1955—1956; enlisted gold collar insignia, branch of service

(clutch) 1956—1961; enlisted dress collar

insignia, branch of service (clutch),

1961—1961.

Figure 126. — Enlisted gilt collar ornani,j4s (screw post), 1955—1956; enlisted gold collar insignia, branch of service (screw post), 1956-1961; enlisted dress collar insignia, branch of service, 1961 to the present.

Figure 127. — Enlisted servicecollarornaments(clutch),1955-1956; enlisted bronze,

collar insignia, branch of service (clutch), 1956—1961; enlisted service collar insignia

branch of service (clutch), 1961—1963.

Figure 128. — Officer's dress cap

insignia, branch of service, 1962 to the

present.

Figure 129. — Officer's service cap

insignia, branch of service, 1962—1963.

95
Figure 130. — Officer's dress collar Figure 131. — Officer's bronze collar

insiguia, branch of service 1962 to the insignia, branch of service, 1962-1963.

present.

96
CHAPTER X

A little over a year alter being separated from the Marine Corps Manual, the 1961 Interim Uniform Regulations were replaced by a publication entitled "Marine Corps Uniform Regulations." This was contained in a binder and was transmitted

to the field by Marine Corps Order P1020.34A of 2 October 1962.

Although the new regulations were in an entirely new format, they contained

information that was similar to those of 1961 plus a few minor modifications. These included changes to or additions of articles of uniform on which the ornament was worn.

Among the changes for male Marines was the elimination from the regulations

for the Officer's service jacket as well as the requirement for wearing the ornament on the enlisted shirt collar. This requirement had previously been terminated by

MCO 1020.33 of 5 May 1961.

In addition to these changes, there were also new regulations for the Marine Band. These included the authorization of full dress coats in both summer and

winter weights as well as the requirement for the first time for (dress) collar ornaments to be worn on the full-dress coat of the Drum Major. Also, a scarlet

tropical worsted full-dress coat was prescribed for wear by members of the Drum

and Bugle Corps of the Marine Corps (stationed at the Marine Barracks, Washington, D. C.). This organization had previously worn the enlisted dress blue coat. (Fig.

132)

The changes for Women Marines included the redesignation of the summer service cap worn by officers as the dress green cap. Also, a new uniform, the Summer Service Optional, was prescribed for women officers. This was similar

in description to the Summer Service uniform, except that the Dacron-Nylon Coat was required to be worn, and the dress green cap with bronze buttons and service

insignia was substituted for the Dacron-Nylon cap.

The sections of the regulations pertaining to the ornaments worn y male Marines were similar in scope to those of their predecessor, although they were

arranged in an entirely different manner. See Appendices N-i & N-3.

For Women Marines the instructions for the use of the ornaments were completely

revised. This resulted from the fact that when the old-style uniforms were phased- out, the sections of the previous regulations were not revised at that time to reflect

the change. Also the new instructions picked up the change in terminolo' of the officers summer service cap to that of the dress green cap. These are contained

in Appendices N-2 & N-4.

Following the promulgation of the new Regulations, changes were issued in the

form of Printed Changes, Marine Corps Orders and Marine Corps Bulletins that modified both the ornaments and the items of uniform on which they were worn.

Also during 1962 a change eliminated the white military police helmet as an

item for wear with the service cap frame and white cap cover being substituted

in its place. This action was brought about by a recommendation contained in

97
Minutes of the Permanent Marine Corps Uniform Board Meeting No. 55 of 11 October

promulgated to the field by Marine Corps Bulletin 1020 of 7 June 1963. In order to

reflect this change, the section of the regulations pertaining to enlisted ornaments

was modified by Change 2 of 7 1 .ibruary 1964 as follows:

2. The dress cap insignia shall be worn on the frame, service cap when

the white cap cover is worn.

The last modification of the ornament to bring it to its present form began with

the publication of MCO 1020.37 of 4 June 1963, which changed the color of the

service ornament from brown to black. The order pointed out that in line with a

Department of Defense policy of achieving maximum economy through standard usage wherever possible, a Marine Corps study found that in the area of uniform

clothing:

.significant economy can be effected through use of black uniform

accessories, without loss of utility and with a minimum change in appearance."

The order then provided for the color transition from brown to black of uniform accessories such as shoes, socks, service cap frames, gloves and the womens

handbags.

With reference to buttons and ornaments, the order stated that a study was being conducted to see which of those items needed to be changed as well as the most economical phase-in methods. The results of this study were contained in Marine Corps Bulletin 1020 of 12 December 1963 which provided that:

Non-leather items shall remain the same until existing stocks are exhausted.

Further procurement will be in non-glossy black. A cut-off date has not been

established for these items. The only restriction is that when an item is re- placed in black color on a uniform, all like items shall be replaced at the same

time, i.e., when one button is replaced in black color, the entire set of buttons will be replaced.

As a result, black service ornaments started appearing in both the supply system

and in the Marine Exchanges during the summer of 1964. (Figs. 133, 134, 135 & 136)

Another important change that took place in 1963 was in the material used in the manufacture of the winter service uniform worn by enlisted men. Marine Corps Order 10120.35 of 1 July 1963 authorized that the issue and sales of a new 15 ounce

green wool serge uniform would begin on 1 July 1963 where the supply of the kersey uniform was exhausted. The order further authorized this new uniform, subject to minor modifications, for wear by officers. It also stated that during the transition period of changing from uniforms of kersey to uniforms of serge, that mixing of garments of the two materials was prohibited. Finally the order specified that phase-out of the kersey uniform was to he completed by 1 July 1967. Thus the use of the green kersey material that had been used in the manufacture of the enlisted mans winter service uniform since 1914 had come to an end.

One last change that occurred in 1963 concerned the male officer's bellows back coat. Marine Corps Bulletin 1020 of 10 September 1963 specified that effective

98
immediately that coat would be no longer authorized. However officers who pos- sessed that coat prior to the publication of the bulletin could continue to wear it until it became unserviceable.

At Uniform Board Meeting No. 64 of 26 May 1964, two new women officers uniforms were recommended for wear. These were a redesigned evening dress uniform and a newly introduced mess dress uniform, on the jackets of which were

to be worn the dress collar ornaments. These recommendations were submitted

to the Commandant on 12 June 1964 who approved them four days later.

A new change concerning the wearing of ornaments took place with the publication of Marine Corps Bulletin 1020 of 6 July, 1965. This bulletin authorized Navy officers attached to Marine Corps organizations to wear the service uniforms prescribed for officers of the Marine Corps. When doing so, the Marine Corps officer's service collar ornaments would be worn on the service coats, while the•

bronzed Navy miniature cap device would be worn on the service and garrison caps.

This practice, subject to minor modifications, was applied during both the WWI and WWII eras.

On 22 April 1966 a new set of uniform regulations was announced by Marine Corps Order P1020.34B. These regulations were almost identical in format and

content to those of 1962 as modified by all printed changes and directives. New

changes did appear for the first time in these regulations that involved items of uniform on which the uniform was worn.

Among the new changes that appeared was the notification that the green jacket worn by enlisted men would be obsolete and no longer worn after 1 July 1968. Also

contained in the regulations was the authorization for Navy officers to wear Marine Corps service uniforms with Corps service collar ornaments to be worn on the

service coats. This was previously prescribed by Marine Corps Bulletin 1020 of

6 July 1965.

The new mess dress uniform for women officers, along with a newly designed

evening dress uniform, also appeared in these regulations. These had previously

been approved by the Commandant on 16 June 1964.

As a result of these changes the sections of the regulations pertaining to the ornament were modified accordingly and while no major changes were encountered

some of the terminology was changed to a very slight degree. See Appendix 0.

Since the introduction of the 1966 Uniform Regulations several changes have

taken place involving items of uniform on which the ornament was worn. Two of

these changes appeared in Change 26 to Marine Corps Order P10120.28 (Individual Clothing Regulations) of 19 June 1967 that authorized new summer service and

utility uniforms for the Women Marines.

The new summer service uniform was manufactured of a green and white polyester/cotton cloth and consisted of a skirt and short sleeve jacket on which

the service collar ornaments were worn. The issuing of this uniform began on

1 July 1967, and was to completely replace the old-style dress and long sleeve coat

99
during Fiscal Year 1969. This new uniform had previously been approved by the Commandant on 2 May 1965, after reviewing the recommendations of the Uniform

Board's Meeting No. 68 Of 25 March 1965.

The new utility uniform for Women Marines consisted of a light blue shirt, dark

blue slacks and a dark blue garrison cap on which the left service collar ornament was worn. Issuing of this uniform began on 1 July 1967, and it was to replace the

green utility uniform by 1 July 1971. The garrison cap for this uniform was recom- mended by the Uniform Board in the minutes to their Meeting No. 60 held on 17

September 1963, and was approved by the Commandant, General David M. Shoup on 14 October of that year.

Two additional changes to the 1966 Uniform Regulations involving the wearing of the ornament appeared in Change 2 of 9 April 1968. One change eliminated the khaki cap cover with dress ornament from the cap frames of Honor Guard personnel and substituted the white cap cover with dress ornament in their place. The other

reflected the substitution of the blue garrison cap for the green utility cap worn by Women Marines, which resulted in the section of the regulation pertaining to the

wearing of the ornaments by enlisted women being modified to read:

6. The left service collar insignia shall be worn on the left front side of

the garrison caps in the eyelet provided.

SUM MARY

As the symbol of the remarkable esprit of the U. S. Marine Corps the Eagle, Globe and Anchor has survived its first century with honor and acclaim and con- sequently it has been chosen as the basis for the emblem of amphibious forces of nations throughout the free world. As shown in the text of the study the change in

the emblem since its introduction in 1868 have been largely minor in nature never

really departing from its initial design.

100
Figure 132. — Musician, U.S. Marine Band, 1965, in full-dress uniform.

Figure 133. — Officer's cap insignia, branch of service, 1963 to the present.
Figure 134. —Officer'sservice collar insignia, branch of service 1963 to the present.

Figure 135. — Enlisted service cap Figure 136. — Enlisted service collar

insignia, branch of service, 1963 to the insignia, branch of service,1963 to the

present, present.

102
APPENDIX A

THE 1868 FATIGUE CAP ORNAMENT

(Extract from a letter from Maj Augustus S. Nicholson, Adjutant and Inspector, HQMC, to eleven Corps officers commanding posts and stations, dated 30 Nov. 1868.)

DESCRIPTION OF NEW FATIGUE CAP ORNAMENT

For Commissioned Officers: - A fretted silver hemisphere struck from

solid plate with chased parallels and Continent of North and South America of gold plate; to be surmounted by a spread eagle cut from solid silver and securely

fastened by means of a tang of silver soldered on the inner side of the hemi- sphere. The hemisphere to rest upon the shank, between the stock and flukes of a foul anchor worked in gold bullion. The dimensions to be as follows: hemisphere three fourths (3/4) of an inch in diameter, the eagle three eighths

(3/8) of an inch from top of the head to point of claws. Spread of wings one (1)

inch. Shank of anchor to intersect the hemisphere between the Arctic Circle

and the Tropic of Cancer on the left, and the Equator and the Tropic of Capricorn on the right. Anchor over all in length one and one half (1 1/2) inches, one

eighth (1/8) of an inch in width, the inner edge of flukes and stock touching the hemisphere. The arms of anchor including flukes to be eleven sixteenths (11/16) of an inch in length from point of fluke to point of shank and one eighth (1/8) of an inch in width. The whole to be on a ground work of dark blue cloth.

For enlisted men, same as for Officers except that the whole be struck

fromplate brass 1/16 inch thick.

103

APPENDIX B

THE 1869 OFFICER'S EPAULETTE ORNAMENT

Headquarters Marine Corps,

Adjutant and Inspector's Office,

Washington, Nov. 20, 1869.

Ordered:

By direction of the Navy Department, there will be substituted for the Silver Bugle worn by officers of the Marine Corps on the Epaulette, an orna- ment of the same design as that at present worn by the officers on the fatigue cap, except that the anchor be of plain silver, and the ornament to be of the

following dimensions:

Length of anchor, over all 2 inches

Length of anchor stock 1/2 inch

Diameter of globe 9/lOths of an inch

Height of eagle 4/lOths of an inch

Spread of wings, from tip to tip 1 inch

Deviations from regulations having been observed in the cap ornament, as also in the size, shape, and style of gold cord of the shoulder knots worn by many officers, attention is called to the importance of uniformity; and Com- manding Officers will require strict compliance with the patterns and designs

prescribed for the Corps.

By order of the Brig. General Commandant:

AUG. S. NICHOLSON,

Major U. S. M. C.

Adjutant and Inspector.

105

APPENDIX C

THE 1875 UNIFORM ORNAMENT

(Extracts from Regulations for the Uniform and Dress of the Marine Corps of

The United States, May, 1875.)

1. Officer's Full Dress Hat Ornament

Ornament on front of hat -- a richly-gilt United States shield, two and

seven-eighths inches long by two nd three eighths inches wide; resting upon the centre of the shield a silver corps device of same design and

dimensions as that prescribed for the officer's undress cap.

2. Officer's Undress Cap and Fatigue Cap Ornaments

CAP ORNAMENT

A fretted silver western Hemisphere, struck from solid plate, with

chased parallels; continents of North and South America of gold plate.

To be surmounted by a spread eagle cut from solid silver, and securely

fastened by a tag silver soldered on the inner side of the hemisphere. The hemisphere to rest upon the shank, between the stock and flukes of

a foul anchor embroidered in gold bullion; the inner edges of the flukes

touching the hemisphere. The dimensions to be as follows: hemi- sphere, three-fourths of an inch in diametei; the eagle, three-eighths of an inch from top of head to point of claws; spread of wings, one inch;

width of anchor stock and shank, one-eighth of an inch; arms of anchor, including flukes, three-fourths of an inch In length from the peak of

flukes to apex of crown, and one-eighth of an inch in width; length of anchor over all, one and one-half inches. The shank of the anchor

to intersect the hemisphere between the Arctic Circle and the Tropic of Cancer on the left, and the Equator and Tropic of Carpicorn on

the right. The whole to be on a ground of dark-blue cloth.

3. Officer's Epaulette Ornaments.

Device of the corps in silver, placed within the crescent.

4. Enlisted Full—Dress Hat Ornament.

Ornament on front of hat, a brass United States shield, two and seveneighths inches long by two and three eighths inches wide; resting upon the centre of the shield a nickle-plated corps device, cut from one piece of brass, of the same design and dimensions as prescribed for the officers

full-dress hat.

5. Enlisted Undress Cap and Fatigue Cap Ornament.

CAP ORNAMENT

Of same design and dimensions as that prescribed for officers, but struck from one piece of brass, and fastened to the front of the cap by

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two brass—wire loops soldered on the inner side of the anchor.

6. Officers Dress-Coat Collar Ornaments.

(Extract from General Order No. 4, HQMC, dated 29 October 1877.)

Rank to be indicated on the ends of the collar under the corps device,

which shall be one-half the size prescribed for the epaulette.
APPENDIX D

THE 1892 UNIFORM ORNAMENTS

(Extracts from Regulations for the Uniform and Dress, Equipments, Etc., Of The United States Marine Corps, July 14, 1892,)

1. Officer's Black Helmet Ornament.

Device. - The same pattern as adopted for enlisted men, with fretted

silver Western Hemisphere, with chased parallels; continent of 1Nrth

and South America, and anchor to be of gold, eagle to be of silver.

2. Officer's Undress Cap and White Cap Ornaments.

CAP ORNAMENT

A fretted silver western hemisphere, struck from solid plates with

chased parallels; continents of North and South America of gold plate. To be surmounted by a spread eagle cut from solid silver, and securely

fastened by a tag of silver soldered on the inner side of the hemisphere. The hemisphere to rest upon the shank, between the stock and flukes

of a foul anchor in gold metal; the inner edges of the two nearly touching the hemisphere. The dimensions to be as follows: hemisphere, threefourths of an inch in diameter; the eagle, three—eighths of an inch from

top of head to point of claws; spread of wings, one inch; width of anchor stock and shank, one-eighth of an inch, arms of anchor, in- cluding flukes, three-fourths of an inch in length from peak of flukes

to apex of crown, and one-eighth of an inch in width; length of anchor over all, one and one-half inches. The shank of the anchor to intersect

the hemisphere between the Arctic Circle and the Tropic of Cancer

on the left, and the Equator and Tropic of Capricorn on thc right.

3. Officer's Undress Coat Collar Ornaments.

The Corps device and insignia of rank, both of metal and one-half the

size adopted for epaulettes, the rank device to be backed with scarlet

cloth, to be worn on each side of the collar.

4. Officer's Epaulette Ornaments.

Corps device in silver, placed within the crescent.

5. Enlisted Black Helmet Ornament.

Device. - An enlarged Corps device, consisting of the eagle, globe, and anchor; to be made of brass, according to the standard device in

the Quartermaster's office.

6. Enlisted Undress Cap Ornament.

ORNAMENT

Of the same pattern and dimensions as the present standard sample.

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7. Enlisted Shoulder Knot Ornaments.

To have . . .. anickleplated Corps device on the center of the (shoulder

knot) pad.

8.. Enlisted Members of the Band Undress Coat Collar Ornaments.

a. Second leader. - . . . to have a small Corps device of white metal

near each point of the collar.

b. Musicians. - . . . . near each point (of the collar), a small Corps device of white metal.
APPENDIX E

THE 1900 UNIFORM ORNAMENTS

(Extracts from Regulations Governing the Uniform and Equipments of Officers and Enlisted Men of the United States Marine Corps, 1900)

1. Brigadier General, Commandant and Staff Officer's Chapeau Ornament.

On the right side to have an ornament consisting of a gold lace strip

two and one-fourth inches wide with embroidered edge, on which will

be placed a gilt and burnished Marhe Corps cap ornament and a

large-sized Marine Corps button.

2. Officer's Helmet Ornament.

Corps device. - The same pattern as adopted for enlisted men, wit.i fretted silver Western Hemisphere, with chased parallels; continent of North and South America, and anchor to be of gold, eagle to be of silver.

3. Officer's Undress Cap and Campaign Hat Ornament.

CAP ORNAMENT

A fretted silver western hemisphere, struck from solid plates with

chased parallels; continents of North and South America of gold plate.

To be surmounted by a spread eagle cut from solid silver, and securely

fastened by a tag of silver soldered on the inner side of the hemisphere. The hemisphere to rest upon the shank, between the stock and flukes, of a foul anchor in gold metal; the inner edges of the flukes nearly

touching the hemisphere. The dimensions to be as follows: hemi- sphere, three-fourths of an inch in diameter; the eagle, three-eighths of an inch from top of head to point of claws; spread of wings, one

inch; width of anchor stock and shank, one-eighth of an inch; arms of anchor, including flukes, three-fourths of an inch in lengtl from peak

of flukes to apex of crown, and one-eighth of an inch in width; length of anchor over all, one and one-half inches. The shank of the anchor

to intersect the hemisphere between the Arctic Circle and the Tropic of Cancer on the left, and the Equator and Tropic of Capricorn on the

right.

4. Officer's Undress, Summer Undress and Campaign Coats Collar

Ornaments.

The Corps device and insignia of rank one-half the size adopted for

epaulettes. . . . to be worn on each side of the collar. . . 5. Officer's Epaulette Ornaments.

Corps device in silver placed within the crescent. .

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6. Staff Officer's Shoulder Knot Ornaments.

And a Corps device of gold and silver, of size midway between the

collar and cap ornaments, to be worn on end of knot, flukes of anchor

pointing to the front.

7. Enlisted Helmet Ornament.

Device. - An enlarged Corps device, consisting of the eagle, globe, and anchor, to be made of brass, according to the standard sample in

the Quartermaster's Department. All ornaments shall be fire gilt.

8. Enlisted Undress Cap and Campaign Hat Ornament.

ORNAMENT

A Corps device of gilders' metal No. 14, of the same pattern and

dimensions as the present standard sample in the Quartermaster's

Department.

9. Enlisted Shoulder Knot Ornaments.

same as standard sample in the Quartermaster's Department.
APPENDIX F

THE 1904 AND 1908 UNIFORM ORNAMENTS

(Extracts from Regulations Governing the Uniform and Equipments of Officers and Enlisted Men of the United States Marine Corps, March 16, 1904.

and

Regulations Governing the Uniform and Equipments of Officers and Enlisted Men of the United States Marine Corps, 1908.

The sections pertaining to the ornaments are identical, subject to minor modifications, in both sets of regulations.)

1. *B.jgdj General, Commandant and Staff Officer's Chapeau Ornament.

On the right side to have an ornament consisting of a gold-lace strip

2 1/4 inches wide, with embroidered edge, on which will be placed a gold and burnished Marine Corps cap ornament and a large-size

Marine Corps button.

2. Officer's Full-dress, Undress and White Cap Ornament.

CORPS DEVICE FOR CAPS

A fretted silver Western Hemisphere, struck from solid plates with

chased parallels; continents of North and South America in gold. To be

surmounted by a spread eagle cut from solid silver, and hard-soldered

to the hemisphere; eagle to face away from anchor ring. The hemi- sphere to rest upon the shank, between the stock and flukes of a foul anchor of smooth gold; the inner edges of the flukes to be distant 1/16

inch from the hemisphere. The dimensions to be as follows: Hemi- sphere, 7/8 inch in diameter, the eagle, 1/2 inch from top of head to

point of claws; spread of wings, 1 3/16 inches; width of anchor stock

and shank, 1/8 inch; arms of anchor, from peak of flukes to apex of crown, 1 3/16 inch; length of anchor over all, 1 3/4 inches. The shanks of the anchor to intersect the hemisphere between the Arctic Circle and

the Tropic of Cancer on the left and the Equator and Tropic of Capricorn on the right. **To conform to standard sample in the office of the Quartermaster, U. S. Marine Corps

3. Officer's Khaki Cap and Field Hat Ornament.

CORPS DEVICE FOR KHAKI CAPS

A device similar in all respects as to shape, size, and design to that stated above, but made in dull-finished bronze metal.

*{'Brigadier General" in the 1904 Regulations; "Major General" in the 1908

Regulations..

**The terminology "To conform to standard sample in the office of the Quarter- master, U. S. Marine" was eliminated from the 1908 Regulations.
4. Officer's Blue and White Undress Coats and White Mess Jacket Collar

Ornaments.

CORPS DEVIC OR COLLARS OF UNDRESS COATS

A fretted silver Western Hemisphere, struck from solid plates with

chased parallels; continents of North and South America in gold. To be surmounted by a spread eagle cut from solid silver, and hard- soldered to the hemisphere, eagle to face away from anchor ring. The hemisphere to rest upon the shank, between the stock and flukes of an anchor of smooth gold; the inner edges of the flukes distant 1/16

inch from the hemisphere. The dimensions to be as follows: Hemi- sphere, 11/16 inch in diameter; the eagle, 7/16 inch from the top of

the head topointof claws; spread of wings, 1 1/16 inches; width of anchor

stock, 3/32 inch; shank, full 1/16 inch; arms of anchor, from peak of flukes to apex of crown, 10/16 inch; length of anchor over all, 1 3/8

inches. The shank of the anchor to intersect the hemisphere between the

Arctic Circle and the Tropic of Cancer on the left, and the Equator and Tropic of Capricorn on the right. **To conform to standard sample in the

office of the Quartermaster, U. S. Marine Corps.

5. Officer's Field Coat Collar Ornaments

CORPS DEVICE FOR COLLARS OF FIELD COATS

A device similar in all respects as to shape, size, and design to that for collars of undress coats, but made of dull-finished bronze metal.

6. Officer's Epaulette Ornaments

CORPS DEVICE FOR EPAULETTES

A fretted silver Western Hemisphere, struck from solid plates with

chased parallels; continents of North and South America in silver. To be surmounted by a spread eagle cut from solid silver and hard- soldered to the hemisphere; eagle to face away from the anchor ring. The hemisphere to rest upon the shank, between the stock and flukes, of an anchor of smooth silver metal; the inner edges of the flukes to be distant 1/16 inch from the hemisphere. The dimensions to be as

follows: Hemisphere, 7/8 inch in diameter; the eagle, 1/2 inch from

top of head to point of claws; spread of wings, 1 3/16 inches; width of anchor stock and shank, 1/8 inch; arms of anchor, from peak of flukes

to apex of crown 13/16 inch; length of anchor over all, 1 3/4 inches. The shank of the anchor to intersect the hemisphere between the Arctic Circle and the Tropic of Cancer on the left, and the Equator and Tropic of Capricorn on the right. **To conform to standard

sample in the office of the Quartermaster, U. S. Marine Corps.

**The terminology "To conform to standard sample in the office of the Quarter- master, U. S. Marine Corps" was eliminated from the 1908 Regulations.
7. Staff Officer's Shoulder Knot Ornaments.

CORPS DEVICE FOR SHOULDER KNOTS

To be all silver and of same size as collar ornament for undress

coat. **To conform to standard sample in the office of the Quartermaster, U. S. Marine Corps.

8. Enlisted Full-dress Cap, Dress (Blue and White) Caps and Field Hat

Ornament (1904 Uniform Regulations).

ORNAMEN'I

A Corps device of gilder's metal No. 14, of the same pattern and

dimensions as the present standard sample in the Quartermaster's Department, will be worn on the front part of full-dress cap, dress

cap (white and blue), and field hat.

9. Enlisted Full-dress Cap, Dress (Blue and White) Cap and Field Hat

Ornaments (1908 Uniform Regulations).

A Corps device of gilder's metal No. 14, of the same pattern and

dimensions as the present standard sample in the Quartermaster's Office, will be worn on the front of full-dress cap and undress cap

(white and blue). A Corps device of the same pattern and dimensions

in dill-finished bronze will be worn on the field hat.

**The terminology "To conform to standard sample in the office of the Quarter- master, U. S. Marine Corps" was eliminated from the 1908 Regulations.

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APPENDIX G

THE 1912 AND 1917 UNIFORM ORNAMENTS

(Extracts from Uniform Regulations United States Marine Corps, 1912

and

Uniform Regulations United States Marine Corps 1912, Revised 1917.

The sections pertaining to the ornaments are identical in both sets of regulations.)

1. Major General Commandant and Staff Officer's Chapeau Ornament.

On the upper end of the strap there shall he a corps device of gold of

the same size as the device prescribed for caps, and at the bottom of

the strap a 40-ligne Marine Corps gilt button.

2. Officer's Full-dress, Undress and White Cap Ornament, Leader of the

Band Special Full-dress, Full-dress and Dress Cap Ornament.

CORPS DEVICE FOR FULL-DRESS AND UNDRESS CAPS

The corps device for the full-dress and undress caps shall he a fretted

silver Western Hemisphere struck from solid plate with chased

parallels, and the continents of North and South America in gold, resting upon the shank between the stock and flukes of a foul anchor of smooth gold; the inner edges of the flukes distant 1/16 inch from the hemisphere, and surmounted by a spread eagle cut from solid silver and hard soldered to the hemisphere, with the eagle facing away from

the anchor ring. The dimensions shall he as follows: Hemisphere, 7/8 of an inch in diameter, the eagle 1/2 of an inch from the top of the head to the point of the claws; the spread of the wings, 1 3/16 inches;

the width of the anchor stock and shank, 1/8 of an inch; the arms of the

anchor, from the peak of the flukes to the apex of the crown, 13/16 of an inch; the length of the anchor over all, 1 3/4 inches. The shank of

the anchor shall intersect the hemisphere at an angle of 30 degrees with

the plane of the Equator. On the hack of the device there shall he a

screw post fitted with a milled nut for securing the device to the cap

through an eyelet at the proper place.

3. Officer's Summer and Winter Field Caps and Field Hat Ornament.

CORPS DEVICE FOR FIELD CAPS AND HATS

The corps device for field caps and hats shall he similar in all respects as to shape, size, and design to that prescribed for full-dress and

undress cap, and shall he made of dull-finish bronze metal.

4. Officer's Undress and White Undress Coats and White Mess Jacket

Collar Ornaments.

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Leader of the Band Special Full-dress Coat Collar Ornaments.

CORPS DEVICE FOR COLLARS OF UNDRESS COATS

The corps device for the collars of undress coats shall consist of a

fretted silver Western Hemisphere struck from a solid plate, with

chased parallels, and the continents of North and South America in

gold, resting upon the shank between the stock and flukes of an anchor

of smooth gold; the inner edges of the flukes distant 1/16 inch from the hemisphere, and surmounted by a spread eagle cut from solid silver and hard soldered to the hemisphere, the the eagle facing away from

the anchor ring. The dimensions shall be as follows: Hemisphere, 11/16 of an inch in diameter; the eagle, 7/16 of an inch from the top of the head to the point of the claws; the spread of the wings,1 1/16

inches; the width of the anchor stock, 3/32 of an inch; the shank, fu'l

1/16 of an inch; the arms of the anchor, from the peak of the flukes

to the apex of the crown, 10/16 of an inch; the length of the anchor over all, 1 3/8 inches. The shank of the anchor shall intersect the

hemisphere at an angle of 30 degrees with the plane of the Equator. These devices shall be made in pairs, rights and lefts, and shall be worn with the point of the crown of the anchor to the front, and attached

to the coat by clasp pins.

5. Officer's Summer and Winter Field Coats Collar Ornaments.

CORPS DEVICE FOR 'COLLARS OF FIELD COATS

The corps device for the collars of field coats shall be similar in all respects as to shape, size, and design to that prescribed for the collars of undress coats, and shall be made of dull-finish bronze metal.

6. Officer's Epaulet Ornaments.

CORPS DEVICE FOR EPAULETS

The corps device for epaulets shall consist of a fretted silver Western Hemisphere, struck from a solid plate, with chased parallels, and the Continents of North and South America in silver, resting upon the

shank between the stock and flukes of an anchor of smooth silver, and

surmounted by a spread eagle cut from solid silver and hard soldered

to the hemisphere, the eagle facing away from the anchor ring. The

inner edges of the flukes shall be distant 1/16 of an inch from the hemisphere. The dimensions shall be as follows: Hemisphere, 7/8

inch in diameter; the eagle, 1/2 inch from the top of the head to the point of the claws; the spread of the wings, 1 3/16 inches; the width

of the anchor stock and shank, 1/8 inch; the arms of the anchor from

the peak of the flukes to the apex of the crown, 13/16 inch; the length of the anchor over all, 1 3/4 inches. The shank of the anchor shall

intersect the hemisphere at an angle of 30 degrees with the plane of

the Equator. These devices shall be made in pairs, rights and lefts, and

shall be worn with the point of the crown of the anchor to the front.
7. Enlisted Cap and Hat Ornaments.

CORPS DEVICES FOR CAPS AND HAT

A corps device, struck from one piece of gilder's metal No. 14, of the

same pattern and dimensions as the standard sample in the Quarter- master's Department of the Marine Corps, shall be worn on the front of the dress cap. When the white cap cover is worn, this device shall be worn outside of the cover. A corps device of the same pattern and dimensions in dull-finish bronze shall be worn on the field cap and

field hat. The dimensions of these devices shall he the same as

prescribed for officers.

8. Enlisted Collar Ornaments

(Extracts from Changes No. 20 of 25 February 1920 to Uniform Regulations United States Marine Corps, 1912, Revised 1917.)

COLLAR ORNAMENTS

All enlisted men. - The collar ornaments, similar in design to and

approximately two-thirds of the size of those prescribed for officers, shall he made according to the standard sample in the Quartermaster's Department of the Marine Corps. They shall he worn vertically in the

center of each side of the collar, crown of anchor to the front, center of

ornament 1 1/2 inches from neck opening. Gilt ornaments shall he worn on dress coat, and dull-finish bronze ornaments on service coats,

summer and winter.

Second leader of the hand and musicians. - The collar ornaments shall

he the same as prescribed for other enlisted men of the Marine Corps and worn in the same position on the coats. Gilt ornaments shall he worn on special full-dress, full-dress, and dress coats, and dull-finish

bronze ornaments on service coats, summer and winter.

Drum major. - The collar ornaments shall he the same as prescribed

for other enlisted men of the Marine Corps and worn in the same position on the coats. Gilt ornaments shall be worn on full-dress

and dress coats, and dull-finish bronze ornaments on service coats,

summer and winter.

9. Revisions in the 1917 Uniform Regulations as a Result of the Addition of the Garrison Cp as a Part of the Uniform.

(Extracts from Changes No. 22 of 9 October 1920 to Uniform Regulations

United States Marine Corps 1912, Revised 1917.)

a. Officer's Summer and Winter Field Caps, Garrison Cap and Field

Hat Ornament.

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CORPS DEVICE FOR FIELD CAPS, GARRISON CAP AND HAT

The corps device for field caps, the garrison caps, and field hat shall be similar in all respects as to shape, size and design to that pre- scribed for dress and undress caps, and shall be made of dull-finish

bronze metal.

b. Enlisted Summer and Winter Field Caps, Garrison Cap and Field

Rat Ornament.

CORPS DEVICES FOR CAPS AND HATS

A corps device, struck from one piece of gilder's metal No. 14, of the

same pattern and dimensions as the standard sample in the Quarter- master's Department of the Marine Corps, shall be worn on the front

of the dress cap. When the white cap cover is worn, this device shall be worn outside of the cover. A corps device of the same pattern and

dimensions in dull-finish bronze shall be worn on the field cap, garrison

cap, and field hat. The dimensions of these devices shall be the same

as prescribed for officers.
APPENDIX H

THE 1922 UNIFORM ORNAMENTS

(Extracts from the Uniform Regulations United States Marine Corps 1922.)

Officer's Cap and Hat Ornaments.

CAP AND HAT ORNAMENTS

All officer's. - The gold and silver cap ornament shall be worn on the dress and undress caps, and the bronze cap and hat ornament on the winter and summer service caps, the garrison cap, and the field hat, being worn on the garrison cap on the left front side, with the center of

the ornament 2 inches from the front.

2. Officer's Dress and Undress Cap Ornament.

Leader of the Band Special Full-dress and Full-dress Cap Ornament.

ORNAMENT, CAP, GOLD AND SILVER

To consist of Western Hemisphere, intersected by a foul anchor, and

surmounted by an eagle. To be according to standard sample in the

Quartermaster's Department.

Hemisphere. - To be perfect hollow half globe, of fretted silver struck

from a solid plate, seven-eighths inch in diameter, with accurately

proportioned and clearly outlined continents of North and South America

(in gold) in raised surfaces, andbechasedwith nine parallels of latitude, terminating at continents.

Eagle, with outspread wings, cut from solid silver, to stand on top of hemisphere facing away from anchor ring, and be hard soldered to

globe. To be one-half inch from crest of head to point of claws; from

tip to tip of wings, 1 3/16 inches. Eagle to be accurately proportioned, with claws and head, and feathers of neck, body, wings, and legs

distinctly delineated.

Foul anchor. - To be of smooth gold, the shank between stock and

flukes to intersect hemisphere from northeast to southwest at an angle of 30 degrees with plane of the Equator. Width of stock and shank,

one-eighth inch; length of stock, five-eighths inch; distance peak of

flukes to apex of crown, thirteen-sixteenths inch; inner edge of hemi- sphere to top of anchor shackle or ring, one-half inch, and to apex of crown, three-eighths inch; over-all length of anchor, 1 3/4 inches. Cable to be attached to ring and twine around shank and arms. Each

detail of anchor to be clearly delineated.

Spike and screw post. - A thin spike, three-sixteenths inch long, tapering to point, to project from center of shoulders of eagle. A

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threaded screw post, with washer and milled nut, for securing ornament through eyelet to dress caps, undress caps, and full—dress and special full-dress cap, leader, Marine Band, to project from center of hollow globe

and be securely soldered thereto.

3. Officer's Summer and Winter Service Caps, Garrison Cap and Field Hat

Ornament.

ORNAMENT, CAP AND HAT, BRONZE

To consist of Western Hemisphere, intersected by a foul anchor and sur- mounted by an eagle. To be made of dull-finish bronze metal and be

according to standard sample in the Quartermaster's Department.

Hemisphere. — To be perfect hollow half globe, seven-eighths inch in

diameter, with accurately proportioned and clearly outlined continents of North and South America in raised surfaces, and be chased with nine

parallels of latitude, terminating at continents.

Eagle, with outspread wings, to stand on top of hemisphere facing away

from anchor ring, and be hard soldered to globe. To be one-half inch from

crest of head to point of claws; from tip to tip of'wings, 1 3/16 inches. Eagle to be accurately proportioned, with claws and head, and feathers of

neck, body, wings, and legs distinctlydelineated.

Foul Anchor. - The shank between stock and flukes to intersect hemisphere

from northeast to southwest at an angle of 30 degrees with plane of the

Equator. Width of stock and shank, one-eight inch; length of stock, five- eighths inch; distance peak of flukes to apex of crown, thirteen-sixteenths

inch; inner edges of flukes, one sixteenth inch from hemisphere; distance

edge of hemisphere to top of anchor shackle or ring, one-half inch, and to

apex of crown, three-eighths inch; over-all length of anchor, 1 3/4 inches. Cable to be attached to ring and twine around shank and arms. Each detail of anchor to be clearly delineated.

Spike and screw post. - A thin spike three sixteenths inch long, tapering

to point, to project from center of shoulders of eagle. A threaded screw

post, with washer and milled nut, for securing ornament through eyelet

to service and garrison caps and field hat to project from center of hollow

globe and be securely soldered thereto.

4. Officer's Collar and Shoulder-knot Ornaments.

COLLAR ORNAMENTS AND COLLAR INSIGNIA

Collar ornaments (all officers). - The collar ornaments shall be worn on

each coat, except the evening dress jacket, by all officers, being placed

vertically in the center of each side of the collar, with eagle facing toward

the front, and center of ornament 1 1/2 inches from the neck opening.

The gold and silver collar ornaments are prescribed for the collars of the dress and undress coats, and the bronze collar ornaments are prescribed

for the collars of the winter and summer service coats.
ORNAMENTS AND INSIGNIA FOR SHOULDER KNOTS

Commissioned officers. - The shoulder knots worn with the evening dress

jacket shall have the followingplaced thereon: In the case of the line officers, the gold and silver ornaments prescribed. . . in the case of permanent staff officers, and those detailed to a staff department for a four-year period, the respective gold and silver staff insignia in addition to the ornament and insignia of rank.

The ornament and insignia shall be worn on center line of shoulder knot, equally spaced between lower end of knot and the button at collar end. The ornament shall be placed at shoulder end of knot, with head of eagle

toward collar end, eagle facing the front.

5. Officer's Dress and Undress (White) Coats and Shoulder-knot Ornaments.

ORNAMENTS, COLLAR AND SHOULDER-KNOT, GOLD AND SILVER

To consist of Western Hemisphere, intersected by an anchor, and sur- mounted by an eagle. To be made in pairs, 'right and left, and be according

to standard sample in the Quartermaster's Department.

Hemisphere. - To be perfect hollow half globe of fretted silver struck from

a solid plate, eleven-sixteenths inch in diameter, with accurately proportioned and clearly outlined continents of North and South America (in gold)

in raised surfaces, and be chased with nine parallels of latitude, terminating

at continents.

Eagle, with outspread wings, cut from solid silver, to stand on top of hemisphere facing away from anchor ring, and be hard soldered to globe. From crest of head to point of claws, seven-sixteenths inch; from tip to

top of wings, 1 1/16 inches. Eagle to be accurately proportioned, with

claws and head, and feathers of neck, body, wings, and legs distinctly

delineated.

Anchor. - To be of smooth gold, the shank between stock and flukes to

intersect hemisphere at an angle of 30 degrees with plane of the Equator. The anchor on left ornament to intersect hemisphere from northeast to

southwest and that on right ornament from northwest to southeast. Width of stock three Thirty seconds inch, and of shank full one-sixteenth inch;

length of stock, one-half inch; distance peak of flukes to apex of crown, five-eighths inch;inner edges of flukes one-sixteenth inch from hemisphere;

distance edge of hemisphere to top of anchor shackle or ring, three—eighths

inch, and to apex of crown, three-eighths inch; over-all length of anchor 1 3/8 inches.

Fastening. - To have vertical clasp pin or screw fastening for attaching

ornament to dress and undress coats and shoulder knots.

6. Officer's Summer Service and Winter Service Coats Collar Ornaments.

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ORNAMENTS, COLLAR, BRONZE

To consist of Western Hemisphere, intersected by an anchor, and sur- mounted by an eagle. To be made of dull-finish bronze metal, in pairs, right and left, and be according to standard sample in the Quartermaster's

Department.

Hemisphere. - To be perfect hollow half globe struck from a solid plate, eleven-sixteenths inch in diameter, with accurately proportioned and

clearly outlined continents of North and South America in raised surfaces, and be chased with nine parallels of latitude, terminating at continents.

Eagle, with outspread wings, to stand on top of hemisphere facing away

from anchor ring, and be hard soldered to globe. From crest of head to

point of claws, seven—sixteenths inch; from tip to tip of wings, 1 1/16

inches. Eagle to be accurately proportioned, with claws and head, and

feathers of neck, body, wings, and legs distinctly delineated.

Anchor. - The shank between stock and flukes to intersect hemisphere at an angle of 30 degrees with plane of the Equator. The anchor on left ornament to intersect hemisphere from northeast to southwest and that on

right ornament from northwest to southeast. Width of stock three thirty- seconds inch and shank full one-sixteenth inch; length of stock, one-half

inch; distance peak of flukes to apex of crown,five-eighths inch; inner edges of flukes, one-sixteenth inch from hemisphere; distance edge of hemisphere to top of anchor shackle or ring, three-eighths inch, and to

apex of crown three-eighths inch; over-all length of anchor, 1 3/8 inches.

Fastening. - To have vertical clasp pin or screw fastening for attaching

ornament to service coats.

7. Enlisted Cap, Hat and Collar Ornaments.

CAP AND HAT ORNAMENTS

Enlisted men. - The gilt cap ornament shall be worn by all enlisted men on

the dress and white caps, and the bronzecap and hat ornament on the winter and summer service caps, the garrison cap, and the field hat. On the garrison cap, the bronze cap and hat ornament shall be worn on the left front side, in the place provided therefor.

COLLAR ORNAMENTS

Enlisted men. - The collar ornaments shall be worn by all enlisted men on

the collars of all coats, being placed vertically in the center of each side of the collar, with eagle facing the front and center of ornament 1 1/2

inches from the neck opening.

Enlisted men. - Gilt collar ornaments are prescribed for the collar of the

dress coat, and bronze collar ornaments for the winter and summer ser- vice coats.
8. Marine Band Cap, Hat, Collar and Shoulder-knot Ornaments.

INSIGNIA

Leader. - On the shoulder knot the insignia embroidered on scarlet cloth

and the gold and silver shoulder-knot ornament shall be placed on the

center line, equally spaced between lower end of knot and the button at collar end, the ornament being placed at shoulder end of knot, with head

of eagle toward collar end, eagle facing the front.

CAP AND HAT ORNAMENT

Leader. - The gold and silver ornament shall be worn on the special fulldress, full-dress, dress, and undress cap, and the bronze cap and hat

ornament, on the winter and summer service caps and the field hat.

Second leader, drum major, and musicians. - The gilt cap ornament shall be worn on the special full-dress (except drum major), full-dress, dress, and white caps, and the bronze cap and hat ornament on the winter and

summer service caps and the field hat.

COLLAR ORNAMENTS

The collar ornaments shall be placed vertically in the center of each side of

the collar of the coats indicated, with eagle facing the front, center of ornaments being 1 1/2 inches from the neck opening.

Leader. - Gold and silver ornaments, are prescribed for the collars of the dress and undress coats, and bronze collar ornaments for the winter and

summer service coats.

Second leader, drum major, and musicians. - Gilt collar ornaments are

prescribed for the collars of the special full-dress (except drum major), full-dress, and dress coats, and bronze collar ornaments for the winter

and summer service coats.

9. Officer's CoUar Ornaments for the Roll-Collar Eummer Service and Winter

Service Coats.

(Extracts from Marine Corps Circular Letter No. 46 of 6 December 1926.)

DEVICES FOR ROLL-COLLAR COATS, OFFICERS

A smaller bronze collar ornament has been adopted for roll-collar coats

for officers, to be obligatory on 1 July, 1927, for winter service, and 1

January 1928, for summer service, but optional in the meantime. These ornaments will be three-fourths the size of the bronze collar ornaments

heretofore specified, and will be made in pairs, right and left, in one piece, and follow the design of the basic Marine Corps emblem, omitting the

motto, ribbon and rope.

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On roll-collar coats for officers the position of the ornaments on the collar

is changed, and insignia worn by Warrant Officer's will be worn on the

lapel instead of the collar, paragraph 3 of reference (b) being modified

accordingly. The ornaments will be centered on the collar between the crease roll and the outer edge, center of hemisphere 1 inch above the horizontal edge of notch, and the insignia will be placed on the lapel with

the center mid-way on a line bisecting the angle of the peak of lapel.
APPENDIX I

THE 1929 UNIFORM ORNAMENTS

(Extracts from Uniform Regulations United States Marine Corps 1929.)

1. Officer's Cap and Hat Ornaments.

CAP AND HAT ORNAMENTS

All officers. - The dress ornament shall be worn on the full-dress, dress,

and undress caps, and the service cap and hat ornament on the winter and

summer service caps, the garrison caps, and the field hat, being worn on the garrison caps on the left front side, with the center of the ornament 2

inches from the front.

2. Officer's Dress and White Undress Cap Ornament.

Leader, Marine Band and Specified Officer's Special Full-dress and Fulldress Cap Ornament.

Ornament cap, dress. - To consist of Western Hemisphere, intersected by

a foul anchor, and surmounted by an eagle. Hemisphere to be perfect hollow half globe of fretted silver, with continents of North and South America in gold, eagle to be cut from solid silver, and foul anchor to be of smooth gold; design and measurements to be as specified for hemisphere, eagle, and foul anchor, respectively, of service cap and hat ornament. Screw post, with washer and nut, for securing ornament through eyelet

to dress cap, white undress cap, and full-dress and special full-dress cap, for officers specified and leader, Marine Band, also to be as indicated on

service ornament. According to standard sample in the Quartermaster's

Department.

3. Officer's Summer and Winter Service Caps, Garrison Caps and Field Hat

Ornament.

Ornament, cap and hat, service. - To be made of dull-finish bronze metal

throughout, and to consist of Western Hemisphere, intersected by a foul anchor, and surmounted by an eagle. To be according to standard sample

in the Quartermaster's Department.

Hemisphere. - To be perfect hollow half globe, 7/8 inch in diameter, with

accurately proportioned and clearly outlined continents of North and South America in raised surfaces, and be chased with nine parallels of latitude, terminating at continents.

Eagle, with outspread wings, to stand on top of hemisphere facing away from

anchor ring, and be hard soldered to globe. To be 1/2 inch from crest of head to point of claws; from tip to tip of wings, 1 3/16 inches. Eagle to be

accurately proportioned, with claws and head, and feathers of neck, body,

wings, and legs distinctly delineated. A thin spike, 3/16 inch long, tapering

to point, to project from center of shoulders of eagle.

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128

Foul anchor. - The shank between stock and flukes to intersect hemisphere

from northeast to southwest at an angle of 30 degrees with plane of the

Equator. Width of stock and shank, 1/8 inch; length of stock, 5/8 inch; distance peak of flukes to apex of crown, 13/16 inch; inner edges of flukes 1/16 inch from hemisphere; distance edge of hemisphere to top of anchor

shackle or ring, 1/2 inch, and to apex of crown, 3/8 inch; over-all length of anchor, 1 3/4 inches. Cable to be attached to ring and twine around

shank and arms. Each detail of anchor to be clearly delineated.

Screw post. — A threaded screw post, with washer and milled nut for securing ornament through eyelet to service and garrison caps and field hat, to project from center of hollow globe and be securely soldered

thereto.

4. Officer's Collar and Shoulder Knot Ornaments.

COLLAR ORNAMENTS

All officers. - The collar ornaments shall be worn on the dress, white undress, and service coats, and the white mess jacket. On the standing collar dress and undress coats and white mess jacket, the ornaments shall be placed vertically in the center of each side of the collar, with the eagle

facing toward the front, center of hemisphere of ornament being 1 1/2

inches from the neck opening. On the roll collar service coats, the orna- ments shall be worn on the collar, centered between the crease roll and

outer edge, with center of hemisphere 1 inch above the horizontal edge of

lapel notch, the vertical axis of ornament being parallel with crease roll and the eagle facing inside. Collar ornaments shall not be worn on the

cotton and flannel shirts.

The dress collar ornaments are prescribed for the collars of the dress and

undress coats and white mess jacket, and the service collar ornaments are prescribed for the collars of the winter and summer service coats.

ORNAMENTS AND INSIGNIA FOR SHOULDER KNOTS

Commissioned officers. - The shoulder knots worn with the full-dress coat

and the evening dress jacket shall have the following placed thereon: In

the case of line officers, the dress ornaments prescribed. . .and the insignia of rank embroidered on scarletcloth;inthecase of permanent staff officers, and those detailed to a staff department for a four-year period, the respective dress staff insignia.. .in addition to the ornament and insignia of rank. .

The ornament and insignia shall be worn on center line of shoulder knot, equally spaced between lower end of knot and the button at collar end. The ornament shall be placed at shoulder end of knot, with head of eagle

toward collar end, eagle facing the front. .

5. Officer's Dress and Undress (White) Coats, White MessJacket and Shoulder Knot Ornaments.
Ornaments, collar and shoulder knot, dress. - To consist of Western

Hemisphere, intersected by an anchor, and surmounted by an eagle. To be made in pairs, right and left, facing of eagle and direction of anchor being changed. To beaccording to standard sample in the Quartermaster's

Department.

Hemisphere. - To be perfect hollow half globe of fretted silver struck from

a solid plate 11/16 inch in diameter, with accurately proportioned and

clearly outlined continents of North and South America (in gold) in raised

surfaces, and be chased with nine parallels of latitude, terminating at

continents.

Eagle, with outspread wings, cut from solid silver, to stand on top of hemi- sphere facing away from anchor ring, and be hard soldered to globe. From

crest of head to point of claws, 7/16 inch; from tip to tip of wings,1 1/16

inches. Eagle to be accurately proportioned, with claws and head, and

feathers of neck, body, wings, and legs distinctly delineated.

Anchor. - To be of smooth gold, the shank between stock and flukes to inter- sect hemisphere at an angle of 30 degrees with plane of the Equator. The anchor on left ornament to intersect hemisphere from northeast to south- west and that on right ornament from northwest to southeast. Width of

stock, 3/32 inch, shank full, 1/16 inch; length ot stock, 1/2 inch; distance peak of flukes to apex of crown, 5/8 inch; inner edges of flukes, 1/16 inch

from hemisphere; distance edge of hemisphere to top of anchor shackle or

ring, 3/8 inch, and to apex of crown, 3/8 inch; over-all length of anchor, 1 3/8 inches.

Fastener. - To have vertical clasp pin, or screw or clutch fastener for attaching ornament to dress and undress coats, white mess jacket, and

shoulder knots.

6. Officer's Summer Service and Winter Service Coats Collar Ornaments.

Ornaments, collar, service. - To be made in one piece of dull-finish bronze metal throughout. To be in same design as standard Marine Corps emblem

(omitting motto ribbon and anchor rope), and consist of Western Hemi- sphere, intersected by an anchor, and surmounted by an eagle. To be in

pairs, right and left, facing of eagle and direction of anchor being changed. To be according to the standard sample in the Quartermaster's Department.

Hemisphere. - To be perfect hollow half globe, 23/40 inch in diameter, with accurately proportioned and clearly outlined continents of North and South America in raised surfaces, and be chased with 9 parallels of

• longitude and 13 parallels of latitude, terminating at continents.

Eagle, with outspread wings, to stand on top of hemisphere facing away

from anchor ring. From crest of head to point of claws, 7/20 inch; from

tip to tip of wings, 7/8 inch. Eagle to be accurately proportioned, with

claws and head, and feathers of neck, body, wings, and legs distinctly

delineated.

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130

Anchor. - The shank between stock and flukes to intersect hemisphere at an angle of 30 degrees with plane of the Equator. The anchor on left ornament to intersect hemisphere from northeast to southwest and that on right ornament from northwest to southeast. Width of stock, 1/10 inch

and of shank, full 1/20 inch; length of stock, 17/40 inch; distance peak of flukes to apex of crown, 9/20 inch; distance edge of hemisphere to top of anchor shackle or ring, 9/40 inch, to inner edges of flukes, 1/40 inch, and to

apex of corwn, 3/10 inch; over-all length of anchor 1 3/40 inches.

Fastener. - To have vertical clasp pin, or screw or clutch fastener, as may be most suitable for attaching ornaments to service coats.

7. Enlisted Cap, Hat and Collar Ornaments.

CAP AND HAT ORNAMENTS

Enlisted men. - The gilt cap ornament shall be worn by all enlisted men on

the dress and white caps, and the bronze cap and hat ornament on the winter and summer service caps, the garrison caps, and the field hat. On the garrison caps, the bronze cap and hat ornament shall be worn on

the left front side, in the place provided therefor.

COLLAR ORNAMENTS

Enlisted men. - The collar ornaments shall be worn by all enlisted men on

the collars of all coats. On the standing collar dress coat, the ornaments shall be placed vertIcally in the center of each side of the collar, with

eagle facing toward the front, center of hemisphere of ornaments being

1 1/2 inches from the neck opening. On roll collar service coats, the orna- ments shall be placed with the center of hemisphere 7/8 inch above the

lapel notch and 1 inôh from outside edge of collar, the vertical axis of ornament being at right angles to the horizontal edge of notch, with eagle facing

inside.

Gilt collar ornaments are prescribed for the collar of the dress coat and

bronze collar ornaments for the winter and summer service coats.

8. Marine Band Cap, Hat, Collar and Shoulder Knot Ornaments.

INSIGNIA

Leader. - On the shoulder knot, the insignia embroidered on scarlet cloth

and the dress shoulder knot ornament shall be placed on the center line, equally spaced between lower end of knot and the button at collar end, the ornament being placed at shoulder end of knot.

CAP AND HAT ORNAMENTS

Leader. - The dress cap ornament shall be worn on the special full-dress, full-dress, dress, and undress caps, and the service cap and hat ornament on the winter and summer service caps, and the field hat.
Second leader, drum major, and musicians. - The gilt cap ornament shall be worn on the special full-dress (except drum major), full-dress, dress, and white caps, and the bronze cap and hat ornament on the winter and

summer service caps and the field hat.

COLLAR ORNAMENTS

On the standing collar coats indicated, the collar ornaments shall be placed vertically in the center of each side of the collar, with eagle facing toward

the front, center of hemisphere of ornament being 1 1/2 inches from the neck opening. On roll collar service coats, the ornaments shall be worn on

the collar, with eagle facing inside. The ornaments worn on service coats by the leader shall be centered between the crease roll and outer edge, with center of hemisphere 1 inch above the horizontal edge of lapel notch, the vertical axis of ornament being parallel with crease roll. The orna- ments worn thereon by the second leader, drum major, and musicians shall be placed with the center of hemisphere 7/8 inch above the lapel notch and 1 inch from outside edge of collar, the vertical axis of ornament being at

right angles to the horizontal edge of notch, with eagle facing inside.

Leader. - The dress collar ornaments, are prescribed for the collars of

the dress and undress coats, and the service collar ornaments, for the winter and summer service coats.

Second leader, drum major, and musicians. - Gilt collar ornaments are

prescribed for the collars of the full-dress (except drum major) and dress coats, and bronze collar ornaments for the winter and summer service

coats.

9. Changes to sections on Officer's Dress and White Undress Cap Ornament; Leader Marine Band and Specified Officer's Special Full-dress and Full- dress Cap Ornament; Officer's Collar and Shoulder Knot Ornaments; Enlisted Cap, Hat and Collar Ornaments.

Addition of sections on Officer's Epaulet Ornaments.

(Extracts from Changes No. 1 of 30 June 1932 to Uniform Regulations United States Marine Corps, 1929.)

a. Officer's Dress and White Undress CapOrnament; Leader, Marine Band

and Specified Officer's Special Full-dress and Full-dress Cap Ornament. (Par. 2 above.)

Ornament, cap, dress. - To consist of Western Hemisphere, inter- sected by a foul anchor, and surmounted by an eagle. Hemisphere

to be perfect hollow half globe of fretted silver, with continents of North and South America in gold, eagle to be cut from solid silver, and anchor to be of smooth gold, with rope of silver; design and measurements to be as specified for hemisphere, eagle, and foul anchor, respectively, of service cap and hat ornament.

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132

Screw post, with washer and nut, for securing ornament through eyelet

to dress cap, white undress cap, and full—dress and special full-dress cap, for officers specified and leader, Marine Band, also to be as

indicated on ser ornament. According to standard sample in the

Quartermaster's Department.

b. Officer's Collar and Shoulder Knot Ornaments (Par. 4 above.)

COLLAR ORNAMENTS

To sixth line, after "the collar", insert as shown in fIgure 82, followed by a comma.

ORNAMENTS AND INSIGNIA FOR SHOULDER KNOTS

Commissioned officers. - The shoulder knots worn with the evening dress jacket shall have the following placed thereon: In case of line officers, the dress collar and shoulder knot ornaments, and the insig- nia of rank embroidered on scarlet cloth; in the case of permanent staff officers, and those detailed to a staff department for a four-year period, the respective dress staff insignia in addition to the ornament and insignia of rank.

c. Enlisted Cap, Hat and Collar Ornaments (Par. 7 above.)

COLLAR ORNAMENTS

Enlisted men. - The collar ornaments shall be worn by all enlisted men on the collars of all coats. On the standing collar dress coat, the ornaments shall be placed vertically in the center oI each side of the collar, with eagle facing toward the front, center of hemisphere of ornaments being 1 1/2 inches from the neck opening. On roll-collar service coats, the ornaments shall be placed as shown in figure 82B, with the center of hemisphere 7/8 inch above the lapel notch and 1

inch from outside edge of collar, the vertical axis of ornament being

at right angles to the horizontal edge of notch, with eagle facing inside.

Gilt collar ornaments are prescribed for the collar of the dress coat and bronze collar ornaments for the winter and summer service coats.

d. Officer's Epaulet Ornaments.

ORNAMENTS AND INSIGNIA FOR EPAULETS

Commissioned officers prescribed. - The epaulets worn with the full- dress coat prescribed for an aide-de-camp to the President and

officers detailed for duty at the White House shall have placed thereon

the dress epaulet ornaments and the insignia of rank embroidered on

scarlet cloth.

The ornaments and insignia shall be worn on the center line of epaulet. The ornaments shall be placed on the frog or shoulder pad, with the
crest of eagle 3/16 inch above cusps of metal crescent, eagle facing

the front. The insignia of rank shall be equally spaced between the ornament and the button at collar end.

Ornaments, epaulet, dress, aide-de-camp to the President and officers detailed for duty at the White House. - To be made of silver throughout and to consist of Western Hemisphere, intersected by an anchor, and

surmounted by an eagle. To be made in pairs, right and left, facing of eagle and direction of anchor being changed. To be according to stand- ard sample in the Quartermaster's Department.

Hemisphere. - To be perfect hollow half globe of fretted silver struck

from a solid plate 7/8 inch in diameter, with accurately proportioned

and clearly outlined continents of North and South America in raised

surfaces, and be chased with nine parallels of latitude, terminating at

continents.

Eagle, with outspread wings, cut from solid silver, to stand on top of hemisphere facing away from anchor ring, and be hard soldered to

globe. From crest of head to point of claws, 1/2 inch; from tip to tip of wings, 1 3/16 inches. Eagle to be accurately proportioned, with

claws and head, and feathers of neck, body, wings, and legs distinctly

delineated.

Anchor. - To be of smooth silver, the shank between stock and flukes

to intersect hemisphere at an angle of 30 degrees with plane of the Equator. The anchor on left ornament to intersect hemisphere from

northeast to southwest and that on right ornament from northwest to

southeast. Width of stock and shank 1/8 inch; length of stock 5/8 inch; distance peak of flukes to apex of crown, 13/16 inch; inner edges of

flukes 1/16 inch from hemisphere; distance edge of hemisphere to top

of anchor shackle or ring, 7/16 inch, and to apex of crown, 7/16 inch; over-all length of anchor, 1 3/4 inches.

Fastener. - To have vertical clasp pin, or screw or clutch fastener, for

attaching ornament to epaulets.

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APPENDIX J

THE 1937 UNIFORM ORNAMENTS

(Extracts from Uniform Regulations United States Marine Corps 1937.)

1. Officer's Cap and Hat Ornaments.

CAP AND HAT ORNAMENTS

All officers. - The dress cap ornament shall be worn on the full dress, dress, and white caps; and the service cap and hat ornament on the winter and summer service caps, the garrison caps, and the field hat. On the garrison caps, the ornament is worn on the left front side, with the center of the ornament 2 inches from the front.

2. Officer's Full-Dress, Dress and White Cap Ornament.

Ornament, cap, dress. - Design to he thatof Marine Cofps emblem, omitting

motto ribbon. To consist of Western Hemisphere approximately 7/8 inch

in diameter, intersected by a foul anchor, and surmounted by an eagle. Hemisphere to be perfect hollow half globe of fretted silver, with continents of North and South America in gold, eagle to be cut from solid silver, and

anchor to be of smooth gold with rope of silver; design for hemisphere, eagle, and foul anchor to be as specified for service cap and hat ornament. Screw post, with washer and nut, for securing ornament through eyelet to dress cap, to project from center of hollow globe and be securely

soldered thereto.

3. Officer's Summer and Winter Service Caps, Garrison Caps and Field Hat

Ornaments.

Ornament, cap and hat, service. -Design to be that of Marine Corps emblem,

omitting motto ribbon. To be made of dull-finish bronze metal throughout,

and to consist of Western Hemisphere, approximately 7/8 inch in diameter,

intersected by a foul anchor, and surmounted by an eagle.

Hemisphere. - To be perfect hollow half globe with accurately proportioned

and clearly outlined continents of North and South America in raised surfaces, with parallels of latitude terminating at continents.

Eagle, with outspread wings, to stand on top of hemisphere facing away from

anchor ring. To be hard soldered to globe. Eagle to be accurately proportioned with claws and head, and feathers of neck, body, wings, and legs distinctly delineated. A thin spike, 3/16 inch long, tapering to point, to

project from center of shoulders of eagle.

Foul anchor. - The shank between stock and throat to intersect hemisphere

from northeast to southwest at an angle of about 32 degrees with plane of

Equator. Cable to be attached to ring and twine around shank and arms.

Each detail of anchor to be clearly delineated.

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136

Screw post. - A threaded screw post, with washer and milled ut, for

securing ornament through eyelet to service and garrison caps and field

hat, to project from center of hollow globe and be securely soldered thereto.

4. Officer's Collar, Shoulder Knot and Epaulet Ornaments.

COLLAR ORNAMENTS

All officers. - The dress collar ornaments shall be worn on the dress and

white coats, the white mess jacket, and on epaulets and shoulder knots. The service collar ornaments shall be worn on the summer and winter

service coats. On the dress and white coats, the ornaments shall be

placed vertically in the center of each side of the collar, center of hemi- sphere 1 1/2 inches from the neck opening with eagle facing toward the

front. On the white mess jacket, the collar ornament shall be worn on the center line of the shoulder strap, 3/4 inch from the armhole seam with

head of eagle facing front. On epaulets and shoulder knots, the ornaments shall be placed as indicated. . . On the service coats, the ornament shall

be worn on the collar, centered between the crease roll and outer edge with

center of hemisphere 1 inch above the horizontal edge of lapel notch, the vertical axis of ornament being parallel with crease roll and eagle facing

inside. Collar ornaments shall not be worn on the cotton and flannel shirts.

ORNAMENTS AND INSIGNIA FOR SHOULDER KNOTS

The shoulder knots worn with the evening dress jacket shall have the following placed thereon: In the case of line officers, the dress collar ornaments, and

the insignia of rank embroidered on scarlet cloth; in the case of permanent staff officers, and those detailed to a staff department for a four—year period,

the respective dress staff insignia in addition to the ornament and insignia of rank.

The ornament and insignia shall be worn on center line of shoulder knot,

equally spaced between lower end of knot and the button at the collar end. The ornament shall he placed at shoulder end of knot, with head of eagle toward

collar end, eagle facing the front.

ORNAMENTS AND INSIGNIA FOR EPAULETS

Commissioned officers prescribed. - The epaulets worn with the full-dress coat prescribed for an aide-de-camp to the President and officers detailed

for duty at the White House shall have placed thereon the dress collar ornaments, and the insignia of rank embroidered on scarlet cloth.

The ornaments and insignia shall be worn on the center line of epaulet. The ornament shall be plaäed on the frog or shoulder pad, with the crest

of eagle 3/16 inch above cusps of metal crescent, eagle facing the front. The insignia of rank shall be equally spaced between the ornament and the button at collar end.

5. Officer's Dress and White Coats, White Mess Jacket, Shoulder Knot and

Epaulet Ornaments.
Ornaments, collar, dress. - Design to be that of Marine Corps emblem, omitting motto ribbon and anchor rope. To consist of Western Hemisphere, approximately 11/16 inch in diameter, intersected by an anchor, and surmounted by an eagle. To be made in pairs, right and left, facing

of eagle and direction of anchor being changed.

Hemisphere. - To be perfect hollow half globe of fretted silver, struck from

a solid plate, with accurately proportioned and clearly outlined continents of North and South America (in gold) in raised surfaces, and be chased with

parallels of latitude, terminating at continents.

Eagle, with outspread wings, cut from solid silver, to stand on top of hemisphere facing away from anchor ring, and be hard soldered to globe. Eagle to be accurately proportioned, with claws and head, and feathers of

neck, body, wings, and legs distinctly delineated.

Anchor. - To be of smooth gold, the shank between stock and throat to

intersect hemisphere at an angle of 32 degrees with plane of the Equator. The anchor on left ornament to intersect hemisphere from northeast to

southwest and that on right ornament from northwest to southeast.

Fastener. - To have vertical clasp pin, or screw or clutch fastener for attaching ornament to dress and white coats, white mess jacket, shoulder

knots, and epaulets.

6. Officer's Summer Service and Winter Service Coats Collar Ornaments.

Ornaments, collar, service. - To be made in one piece of dull-finish bronze

metal throughout. To be in same design as Marine Corps emblem (omitting motto ribbon and anchor rope), and consist of Western Hemisphere, approximately 9/16 inch in diameter, intersected by an anchor, and surmounted by an eagle. To be in pairs, right and left, facing of eagle and

direction of anchor being changed.

Hemisphere. - To be perfect hollow half globe, with accurately proportioned

and clearly outlined continents of North and South America in raised sur- faces, and be chased with parallels of latitude, terminating at continents.

Eagle, with outspread wings, to stand on top of hemisphere facing away

from anchor ring. Eagle tobe accurately proportioned, with claws and head,

and feathers of neck, body, wings, and legs distinctly delineated.

Anchor. - The shank between stock and throat to intersect hemisphere at an angle of 32 degrees with plane of the Equator. The anchor on left orna- ment to intersect hemisphere from northeast to southwest and that on right

ornament from northwest to southeast.

Fastener. - To have vertical clasp pin, or screw or clutch fastener, for attaching ornaments to service coats.

7. Enlisted Cap, Hat and Collar Ornaments.

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138

CAP AND HAT ORNAMENTS

Enlisted men. - The gilt cap ornaments shall be worn by all enlisted men on

the dress and white caps, and the bronze cap and hat ornament on the winter and summer service caps, the garrison caps and the field hat. On

the garrison caps, the bronze cap and hat ornaments shall be Worn on the

left front side, in the place provided therefor.

COLLAR ORNAMENTS

Enlisted men. - Except as hereinafter provided for the Marine Band, the collar ornaments shall be worn by all enlisted men on the collars of all coats. Gilt collar ornaments shall be worn on dress coats, placed vertically

in the center of each side of the collar, with eagle facing toward the front, center of hemisphere of ornaments being 1 1/2 inches from the neck

opening. Bronze collar ornaments shall be worn on service coats, placed

with the center of hemisphere 7/8 inch above the lapel notch and 1 inch from

outside edge of collar, the vertical axis of ornament at right angles to the

horizontal edge of notch, with eagle facing inside.

8. Marine Band Cap, Hat, Collar and Shoulder Knot Ornaments.

INSIGNIA, LEADER

On the shoulder knot, the lyre, embroidered on scarlet cloth, and the dress collar ornament, shall be placed on the center line, equally spaced between

lower end of knot and the button at collar end, the ornament being placed at shoulder end of knot. The insignia and ornament shall be placed with the

top of the lyre and the head of the eagle toward the collar end of knot, the

eagle facing toward the front.

CAP AND HAT ORNAMENTS

Leader. - The dress cap ornament shall be worn on the full-dress, dress, and white caps.

Second leader, drum major, and musicians. - The gilt cap ornament shall be worn on the dress and white caps.

COLLAR ORNAMENTS

Leader. - The dress collar ornaments are prescribed for the collar of the dress coat. They shall be placed vertically in the center of each side of

the collar, with eagle facing toward the front, center of hemisphere of ornament being 1 1/2 inches from the neck opening.

Second leader, drum major, and musicians. - Gilt collar ornaments are

prescribed for the collars of the full-dress (except drum major); and dress

coats. They shall be worn on the collars thereof as above specified.

9. Changes to sections on Officer's Cap and Hat Ornaments; Officer's Collar, Shoulder Knot and Epaulet Ornaments; Enlisted Cap, Hat and Collar Ornaments.
(Extracts from HQMC Circular Letter No. 242 of 6 May 1938.)

a. Officer's Cap and Hat Ornaments (par. 1 above).

CAP AND HAT ORNAMENTS

Line 3. Strike out "the garrison caps, ". . . In the same paragraph, line 4, between "the" and "ornament", insert "left service collar".

b. Officer's Collar, Shoulder Knot and Epaulet Ornaments (par. 4 above),

COLLAR ORNAMENTS

At end of paragraph add: "Left service collar ornament shall be worn

on the left front side of the garrison cap, with center of ornament two

inches from the front."

c. Enlisted Cap, Hat and Collar Ornaments (par. 7 above).

CAP AND HAT ORNAMENTS

• . .line 3. Strike out "the garrison caps,"; and in same paragraph, in

lines 4 and 5, strike out "bronze cap and hat ornaments" and insert "left service collar ornament".

10. Changes to Sections on Officer's Cap and Hat Ornaments; Officer's Full- Dress, Dress and White Cap Ornament; Officer's Summer and Winter Service Caps, Garrison Caps and Field Hat Ornament; Enlisted Cap, Hat and Collar Ornaments; Marine Band Cap, Hat, Collar and Shoulder Knot

Ornaments.

(Extracts from HQMC Circular Letter No. 586 of 8 June 1942).

a. Officer's Cap and Hat Ornaments (par. 1 above).

CAP AND HAT ORNAMENTS

•Strike out "AND HAT" (from caption). . . . Line 2. Strike out

"and hat". In line 3, strike out "and the field hat".

b. Officer's Full-Dress, Dress and White Cap Ornament (par. 2 above).

Ornament, cap, dress. - . . . line 1. Strike out "and hat".

c. Officer's Summer and Winter Service Caps, Garrison Caps and Field

Hat Ornament (par. 3 above).

Ornament, cap and hat, service. - • • . line 1. In caption, strike out "and hat". In lines 20 and 21, strike out "and field hat".

d. Enlisted Cap, Hat and Collar Ornaments (par. 7 above).

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140

CAP AND HAT ORNAMENTS

• • • Strike out "AND HAT" (from caption). • • . lines 2 and 3, Strike

out "and hat". In lines 3 and 4, strike out "and the field hat".

e. Marine Band Cap, Hat, Collar and Shoulder Knot Ornaments (par. 8

above).

CAP AND HAT ORNAMENTS

Strike out "AND HAT" (from caption.)
APPENDIX K

THE 1943 WOMEN'S RESERVE UNIFORM ORNAMENTS-

(Extracts from HQMC Letter of Instruction No. 523 01 27 August 1943 with

enclosure "Uniform Regulations, U. S. Marine Corps Women's Reserve, 1943".)

1. Officer's and Enlisted Ornaments.

a. Cap and collar, officers, dress, shall be worn by officers with summer dress and summer service uniforms.

b. Cap and collar, officers, service, shall be worn by officers with winter dress and winter service uniforms.

c. Cap and collar, enlisted, dress shall be worn by enlisted personnel with summer dress, summer service B and summer service C uniforms.

d. Cap and collar, enlisted, service, shall be worn by enlisted personnel with winter service and summer service A uniforms.

2. Officer's Cap1- Hat and Collar Ornaments.

CAP AND HAT ORNAMENTS

The service cap ornament shallbewornonthe winter service cap, and dress cap ornament on summer dress and summer service caps.

COLLAR ORNAMENTS

a. Service collar ornaments shall be worn on the winter service coat

centered on the collar between the crease roll and outer edge with

center of hemisphere 1 inch above the horizontal edge of lapel notch, the vertical axis of ornament being parallel with crease roll and

eagle facing inside.

b. Dress ornaments shall be worn on the summer dress and summer

service coats, centered on the collar at a point 3 3/4 inches from the point of the collar measuring along the outside edge and 1 3/4 inches

from the outside edge measuring toward the notch, the vertical axis of ornament being parallel with crease roll and eagle facing inside.

3. Enlisted Cap, Hat and Collar Ornaments.

CAP AND HAT ORNAMENTS

The dress cap ornament shall be worn on the summer cap; and the service

cap ornament on summer service hat and winter service cap.

COLLAR ORNAMENTS

a. Service collar ornaments shall be worn on winter service coat, centered

on the collar between the crease roll and outer edge with center of

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hemisphere 1 inch above the horizontal edge of lapel notch, the vertical axis of ornament at right angles to the horizontal edge of notch, with

eagle facing inside.

b. Dress collar ornaments shall be worn on summer dress coat, summer

service B and summer service C coats, and service collar ornaments

on summer service A coat, centered on the collar at a point 3 1/4

inches from the point of the collar measuring along the outside edge

and 1 3/4 inches from the outside edge measuring toward the notch, the vertical, axis of ornament at right angles to the horizontal edge of

notch, with eagle facing inside.

4. Change to Section on Officer's Cap, Hat and Collar Ornaments (par. 2 above).

(Extract from HQMC Letter of Instruction No. 670 of 25 February 1944.)

COLLAR ORNAMENTS

• Add "c. Dress collar ornaments shall be worn on the summer dress

A coat on the center line of each shoulder strap, 3/4 inch from the armhole seam with head of eagle facing front."

5. Change to Sections on Officer and Enlisted Ornaments; Officer's Cap, Hat

and Collar Ornaments; Enlisted Cap, Hat and Collar Ornaments.

(Extracts from HQMC Letter of Instruction No. 777 of 9 June 1944).

a. Officer and Enlisted Ornaments (para. 1 above).

• . •a. In second line, after "summer service", insert "B".

.b. In second line, after "with", insert "summer service A,".

b. Officer's Cap, Hat and Collar Ornaments (par. 2 above).

CAP AND HAT ORNAMENTS

• . .In heading strike out "AND HAT". Strike out entire paragraph, and insert. "The service cap ornament sha1l be worn on the winter service cap and the summer dress cap with summer service A uniforms. The dress cap ornament shall be worn on the summer dress cap with

summer dress, summer dress A and summer service B uniforms. On

the garrison cap the left service collar ornament shall be worn on the

left side, in the place provided therefor."

COLLAR ORNAMENTS

a. In second line, after "coat", insert "and summer service A coat".

b. In second line, after "service", insert "B".
c. Strike out entire paragraph and insert "c. Dress collar ornaments

shall be worn on the summer dress A coat on the center line of each

shoulder strap, center of hemisphere 3/4 inch from the armhole seam

with head of eagle facing front".

c. Enlisted Cap, Hat and Collar Ornaments (par. 3 above).

CAP AND HAT ORNAMENTS

Inheading, strike out"AND HAT". Strike out entire paragraph, and

insert c. "The servicecap ornament shall be worn on the winter service

cap and sUmmer dress cap with summer service C uniform. The dress cap ornament shall be worn on the summer dress cap with summer dress and summer service B uniforms. On the garrison cap the left service collar ornament shall be worn on the left side, in the place

provided therefor."

COLLAR ORNAMENTS

• . .b. Strikeoutentireparagraphand insert b. Dress collar ornaments

shall be worn on summer dress coat and summer service B coat, and

service collar ornaments on summer. service A coat and summer service C coat, centered on the collar at a point 3 1/4 inches from point of the collar measuring along the outside edge and 1 3/4 inches from

the outside edge measuring toward the notch, the vertical axis of ornament at right angles to the horizontal edge of notch, with eagle

facing inside.

6. Change to Section on Officer and Enlisted Ornaments (par. 1 above).

(Extract from HQMC Letter of Instruction No. 803 of 18 July 1944.)

Ornaments. - c. In second line, alter "summer dress", strike out comma and insert "and"; after "summer service B", strike out "and summer

service C". . .d. In second line, after "winter service", strike out "and", and insert ","; after "summer service A", insert "and summer service

C

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APPENDIX L

THE 1945 WOMEN'S RESERVE UNIFORM ORNAMENTS

(Extracts from Uniform Regulations, U. S. Marine Corps Women's Reserve,

1945.)

1. Officer and Enlisted Ornaments.

ORNAMENTS

a. Cap and collar ornaments, officers, dress, shall be worn by officers with the summer dress and summer dress A uniforms, and with the summer

undress uniform when white pumps are worn.

b. Cap and collar ornaments, officers, service, shall be worn by officers with the winter dress, winter service, summer service, and summer

parade uniforms, and with the summer undress uniform when brown pumps

are worn.

c. Cap and collar ornaments, enlisted, gilt, shall be worn by enlisted

persons with summer dress and summer undress uniforms.

d. Cap and collar ornaments, enlisted, bronze, shall be worn by enlisted persons with the winter dress, winter service, summer serv1ce, and

summer parade uniforms.

2. Officer's Cap and Collar Ornaments.

CAP ORNAMENTS

a. The service cap ornament shall be worn on the winter service cap, ana the summer dress cap with summer service and summer parade uniforms, and with the summer undress uniform when brown pumps are

worn.

b. The dress cap ornament shall be worn on the summer dress cap with

summer dress and summer dress A uniforms, and with the summer undress

uniform when white pumps are worn.

c. The left service collar ornament shall be worn on the garrison cap, on the left side, in the place provided therefor.

d. The cap ornament shall be worn with the eagle up.

COLLAR ORNAMENTS

a. Service collar ornaments shall be worn on the winter service coat

centered on the collar between the crease roll and outer edge with center of hemisphere 1 inch above the horizontal edge of lapel notch, the vertical axis of ornament being parallel with crease roll and eagle facing inside.

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146

b. Collar ornaments shall be worn on the summer dress, summer service,

and summer service L.S. coats centered on the collar at a point 3 1/4 inches

from the point of the collar measuring along the outside edge and 1 3/4

inches from the outside edge measuring toward the notch, the vertical axis of the ornament being parallel with crease roll and eagle facing inside.

c. Dress collar ornaments shall be worn on the summer dress coat, and

on the summer service L.S. coat, when the latter is worn with white pumps.

d. Service collar ornaments shall be worn on the summer service coat,

and on the summer service L.S. coat, when prescribed as summer parade uniform; also when the summer service L.S. coat is worn with brown

pumps.

e. Dress collar ornaments shall be worn on the summer dress A coat on

the center line of each shoulder strap, center of hemisphere 3/4 inch from

the armhole seam with head of eagle facing front.

3. Enlisted Cap and Collar Ornaments.

CAP ORNAMENTS

a. The bronze cap ornament shall be worn on the winter service cap, and

on the summer dress cap with summer parade uniform.

b. The gilt cap ornament shall be worn on the summer dress cap with

summer dress and summer undress uniforms.

c. The left bronze collar ornament shall be worn on the garrison cap, on

the left side, in the place provided therefor.

d. The cap ornament shall be worn with the eagle up.

COLLAR ORNAMENTS

a. Bronze collar ornaments shall be worn on the winter service coat,

centered on the collar between the crease roll and outer edge with center of hemisphere 1 inch above the horizontal edge of lapel notch, the vertical axis of ornament perpendicular, with eagle facing inside.

b. Collar ornaments shall be worn on the summer dress coat, summer

service coat, and summer service L.S. coat, centered on the collar at a

point 3 1/4 inches from point of the collar measuring along the outside

edge and 1 3/4 inches from the outside edge measuring toward notch, the vertical axis of ornament perpendicular, with eagle facing inside.

c. Gilt collar ornaments shall be worn on the summer dress coat and on

the summer service L.S. coat.

d. Bronze collar ornaments shall be worn on the summer service coat

and on the summer service L.S. coat, when prescribed as summer parade uniform.
APPENDIX M

THE 1949 UNIFORM ORNAMENTS

(Extracts from Volume I, Marine Corps Manual, 1949.)

1. Male Officer's and Enlisted Men's Cap Ornaments.

ORNAMENT, CAP

a. The dress cap ornament shall be worn on the dress cap.

b. The bronze cap ornament shall be worn on the service caps and the

fiber helmet.

c. The left service collar ornament shall be worn on the left front side

of the service garrison caps, with the ornament centered vertically 2

inches from the front.

d. The design of the officer's cap ornament will be that of the United

States Marine Corps emblem, omitting motto ribbon, consisting of Western

Hemisphere approximately seven—eighths inch in diameter, intersected by a

foul anchor and surmounted by an eagle; it will be provided with a screw

post securely soldered to the hollow of globe projecting from the center, and a washer and milled nut for securing the ornament through eyelet to

dress and service caps, and the fiber helmet. Enlisted personnel will wear

the cap ornament as issued by the U. S. Marine Corps.

2. Male Officer's and Enlisted Men's Collar Ornaments.

ORNAMENT, COLLAR

a. Dress collar ornaments shall be worn on the blue dress and white

coats, the evening dress and white mess jackets.

(1) On the blue coat, the white coat, and the evening dress jacket, the ornaments shall be placed vertically in the center of each side of the collar, the center of the hemisphere 1 1/2 inches from the neck

opening, with the eagle facing to the front.

(2) On the white mess jacket, the ornaments shall be worn on the center

line of the shoulder strap three-fourths inch from the armhole seam, with the eagle facing to the front and head toward the collar.

b. Gilt collar ornaments shall be worn by all enlisted men on the dress coat and by members of the Marine Band on the full-dress coat, except

the full-dress coat worn by the Drum Major.

c. Service collar ornaments shall be worn on the service coats and ser--

vice jackets. The service ornament shall be worn on the collar (in the eyelet provided therefor for enlisted men) centered between the crease roll and

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148

outer edge, with center of hemisphere 1 inch above the horizontal edge of

lapel notch, the vertical axis of ornament at right angles to the bottom edge

of the coat or jacket, with the eagle facing inboard.

d. Collar ornaments will not be worn on khaki shirts.

e. The design for the officer's collar ornaments will be that of the United

States Marine Corps emblem, omitting motto ribbon, consisting of Western Hemisphere approximating eleven-sixteenths inch in diameter for the dress ornament, and approximately nine-sixteenths inch in diameter for the ser- vice ornament; it will be intersected by a foul anchor and surmounted by

an eagle; it will be provided with a pin, screw, or clutch fastener for attaching the ornament to the dress and white coats, the evening dress and white dress jackets, the shoulder knots, the service coats, the jackets, and

the garrison caps. Enlisted personnel will wear the collar ornaments as

issued by the U. S. Marine Corps.

3. Women Officer's Cap Ornaments.

ORNAMENT, CAP, OFFICER

a. The bronze cap ornament shall be worn on the winter service cap, and on the summer dress cap with summer service and with the summer un- dress uniforms when brown pumps are worn.

b. The dress cap ornament shall be worn on the summer dress cap with

summer dress and summer undress uniforms when white pumps are worn.

c. The left service collar ornament shall be worn on the left front side of

the garrison cap in the place provided therefor.

4. Women Officer's Collar Ornaments.

ORNAMENTS, COLLAR, OFFICER

a. Service collar ornaments shall be worn on the winter service coat,

centered on the collar between the crease roll and the outer edge, with

center of hemisphere one inch above the horizontal edge of lapel notch, the vertical axis of ornament being parallel with crease roll and the eagle

facing inboard.

b. Collar ornaments shall be worn on the summer dress "A", summer

undress "A", and "B", and summer service coats, centered on the collar at a point 3 1/4 inches from the point of the collar, measuring along the outside edge, and 1 3/4 inches from the outside edge, measuring toward the notch, the vertical axis of the ornament being parallel with crease roll and

the eagle facing inboard.

c. Dress collar ornaments shall be worn on the summer dress "A", summer undress "A", and summer undress "B" when worn with white

pumps.
d. Service collar ornaments shall be worn on the summer service and

summer undress "B" coats when worn with brown pumps.

e. Dress collar ornaments shall be worn on the summer dress "B" and

summer undress "C" coats on the center line of each shoulder strap, center of hemisphere three-fourths inch from the armhole seam with the

eagle facing to the front and head toward the collar.

5. Enlisted Women's Cap Ornaments.

OI(NAMENT, CAP, ENLISTED

a. The bronze cap ornament shall be worn on the winter service cap, and on the summer dress cap with summer service or summer undress "B" when worn with brown pumps.

b. The gilt cap ornament shall be worn on the summer dress cap with

summer dress and summer undress uniforms when white pumps are worn.

c. The left bronze collar ornament shall be worn on the left front side of

the garrison cap in the place provided therefor.

6. Enlisted Women's Collar Ornaments.

ORNAMENTS, COLLAR, ENLISTED

a. Bronze collar ornaments shall be worn on the winter service coat,

centered on the collar between the crease roll and outer edge with center of hemisphere 1 inch above the horizontal edge of lapel notch, the vertical

axis of ornament perpendicular, with the eagle facing inboard.

b. Collar ornaments shall be worn on the summer dress, summer undress,

and summer service uniforms, centered on the collar at a point 3 1/4 inches

from point of the collar, measuring along the outside edge, and 1 3/4 inches

from the outside edge, measuring toward notch, the vertical axis of ornament perpendicular, with the eagle facing inboard.

c. Gilt collar ornaments shall be worn on the summer dress coat, summer undress "A" and summer undress "B", when white pumps are worn.

d. Bronze collar ornaments shall be worn on the summer service coat,

and on summer undress "B", when brown pumps are worn.

7. Change to Section on Male Officer's and Enlisted Men's Collar Ornaments.

(Extract from Printed Change No. 4, January 1954 to Volume I, Marine

Corps Manual, 1949.)

a. Collar ornaments will not be worn on khaki shirts, except when summer service "A" and "B" or winter service "C" is prescribed at which time

enlisted men will wear the service collar ornaments centered on each side

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150

of the shirt collar midway between top edge of collar and point, ano. ne (1)

inch from edge of collar, with wings and eagle parallel to the top edge of

the collar.

8. Change to Sections on Women Officer's and Enlisted Women's Cap and

Collar Ornaments.

(Extracts from Printed Change No. 5, August 1954 to Volume I, Marine

Corps Manual, 1949.)

a. Women Officer's Cap Ornaments.

ORNAMENT, CAP, OFFICER

(1) The bronze cap ornament shall be worn on the winter service cap

and on the summer service cap with the uniforms prescribed, as

applicable.

(2) The dress cap ornament shall be worn with the white dress and white undress uniform and on the blue cap.

(3) The left bronze collar ornament shall be worn on the left front side

of the garrison, Dacron-Nylon, and utility caps in the place provided

therefor.

b. Women Officer's Collar Ornaments.

ORNAMENTS, COLLAR, OFFICER

(1) Bronze collar ornaments shall be worn on the winter service coats

and summer service uniforms in the eyelets provided therefor centered on the collar in the manner illustrated.

(2) Dress collar ornaments shall be worn on the white dress and white undress uniforms, and on the blue coat in the manner illustrated.

c. Enlisted Women's Cap Ornaments.

ORNAMENT, CAP, ENLISTED

(1) The bronze cap ornament shall be worn with the uniforms prescribed, as applicable.

(2) The gold cap ornament shall be worn on the summer service cap with white dress and white undress uniforms, and on the blue cap.

(3) The left bronze collar ornar'ent shall he worn on the left front side

of the garrison, Dacron-Nylon, and utility caps in the place provided

therefor.

d. Enlisted Women's Collar Ornaments.
ORNAMENTS, COLLAR, ENLISTED

(1) Bronze collar ornaments shall be worn on the winter service coats

and summer service uniforms in the eyelets provided therefor centered on the collar in the manner illustrated.

(2) Gold collar ornaments shall he worn on the white dress and white undress coat and on the blue coat in the manner illustrated.

9. Change to section on Male Officer's and Enlisted Men's Collar Ornaments.

(Extract from Printed Change No. 6, December, 1954 to Volume I, Marine

Corps Manual, 1949.)

a. Service collar ornaments shall he worn on the service coats and service jackets. The service ornament shall he worn on the collar (in the

eyelet provided therefor for enlisted men) centered between the crease roll and outer edge, with center of hemisphere 1 inch above the horizontal edge of lapel notch, the wing tips parallel to the bottom edge of the coat or jacket,

with the eagle facing inboard.

h. Collar ornaments will not he worn on khaki shirts, except when summer service "A" and "B" is prescribed, at which time enlisted men will wear

the service collar ornaments centered on each side of the shirt collar midway between top edge of collar and point, and one (1) inch from edge of

collar, with wings and eagle parallel to the top edge of the collar.

10. Change to section on Male Officer's and Enlisted Men's Collar Ornaments.

(Extract from Printed Change No. 9, August, 1955 to Volume I, Marine

Corps Manual, 1949.)

a. On the white mess jacket, the ornaments shall he worn on the collar, in the eyelets provided therefor, centered between the crease roll and

outer edge, with center of hemisphere 1 inch above the horizontal edge of

lapel notch, the wing tips parallel to the bottom edge of the jacket, with

the eagle facing inboard.

11. Change to all sections on Male and Women Officer's and Male and Women

Enlisted Cap and Collar Ornaments.

(Extracts from Printed Change No. 14, June, 1956 to Volume I, Marine Corps

Manual, 1949.)

a. Mal& Officer's and Enlisted Men's Cap Ornaments.

INSIGNIA, BRANCH OF SERVICE

(1) The dress cap insignia, branch of service shall be worn on the dress

cap.

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152

(2) The bronze cap insignia, branch of service shall be wo. on the

service caps and the fiber helmet.

(3) The left service collar insignia, branch of service shall be worn on

the left front side of the service garrison caps, with the insignia, branch of service centered vertically 2 inches from the front.

(4) The design of the officer's insignia, branch of service will be that of the United States Marine Corps emblem, omitting motto ribbon,

consisting of Western Hemisphere approximately seven-eighths inch in diameter, intersected by a foul anchor and surmounted byan eagle;

it will be provided with a screw post securely soldered to the hollow of globe projecting from the center, and a washer and milled nut for securing the insignia, branch .of service through eyelet to dress and

service caps, and the fiber helmet. Enlistedpersonnel will wear the cap

insignia, branch of •service as issued by the U. S. Marine Corps.

b. Male Officer's and Enlisted Men's Collar Ornaments.

INSIGNIA, BRANCH OF SERVICE, COLLAR

(1) Dress collar insignia, branch of service shall be worn on the blue dress and white coats, the evening dress and white mess jackets.

(a) On the blue coat, the white coat, and the evening dress jacket, the insignia, branch of service shall be placed vertically in the center of each side of the collar, the center of the hemisphere 1 1/2 inches from the neck opening, with the eagle facing to the

front.

(b) On the white mess jacket, the insignia, branch of service shall be worn on the collar, in the eyelets provided therefor, centered

between the crease roll and outer edge, with center of hemisphere 1 inch above the horizontal edge of lapel notch, the wing tips parallel to the bottom edge of the jacket, with the eagle facing

inboard.

(2) Gold collar insignia, branch of service shall be worn by all enlisted men on the dress coat and by members of the Marine Band on the full- dress coat, except the full-dress coat worn by the Drum Major.

(3) Insignia, branch of service, collar bronze shall be worn on the green

coats and green jackets. The service insignia shall be worn on the collar (in the eyelet provided therefor for enlisted men) centered between the crease roll and outer edge, with center of hemisphere 1 inch above

the horizontal edge of lapel notch, the wing tips parallel to the bottom

edge of the coat or jacket, with the eagle facing inboard.

(4) Collar inbignia, branch of service will not be worn on khaki shirts, except when summer service "A" and"B" is prescribed, at which time enlisted men will wear the service collar insignia, branch of service
centered on each side of the shirt collar midway between top edge of

collar and point, and one (1) inch from edge of collar, with wings and

eagle parallel to the top edge of the collar.

(5) The design for the officer's collar insignia, branchof service will be

that of the United States Marine Corps emblem, omitting motto ribbon,

consisting of Western Hemisphere approximately eleven- sixteenths inch

in diameter for the dress insignia, branch of service, and approximately nine-sixteenths inch in diameter for the service insignia, branch of service; it will be intersected by a foul anchor and surmounted by an

eagle; it will be provided with a pin, screw, or clutch fastener for attaching the insignia, branch of service to the dress and white coats, the evening dress and white dress jackets, the shoulder knots, the

service coats, the jackets, and the garrison caps. Enlisted personnel will wear the collar insignia, branch of service issued by the U. S. Marine Corps.

c, Women Officer's Cap Ornaments.

INSIGNIA, BRANCH OF SERVICE FOR CAP, OFFICER

(1) The bronze cap insignia, branch of service shall be worn on the winter service cap and on the summer service cap with the uniforms

prescribed as applicable.

(2) The dress cap insignia, branch of service shall be worn with the white dress and white undress uniform and on the blue cap.

(3) The left bronze collar insignia, branch of service shgll be worn on

the left front side of the garrison, Dacron-Nylon, and utility caps in the

place provided therefor.

d. Women Officer's Collar Ornaments.

INSIGNIA, BRANCH OF SERVICE, COLLAR, OFFICER

(1) Bronze collar insignia, branch of service shall •be worn on the winter service coats and summer service uniforms in the eyelets provided therefor centered on the collar in the manner illustrated.

(2) Dress collar insignia, branch of service shall be worn on the white dress and white undress uniforms, and on the blue coat in the manner

illustrated,

e. Enlisted Women's Cap Ornaments.

INSIGNIA, BRANCH OF SERVICE FOR CAP, ENLISTED

(1) The bronze cap insignia, branch of service shall be worn with the

uniforms prescribed, as applicable.

153
(2) The gold cap insignia, branch of service shall be worn on the

summer service cap with white dress and white undress uniforms, and

on the blue cap.

(3) The left bronze collar insignia, branch of service shall be worn on

the left front side of the garrison, Dacron-Nylon, and utility caps in the

place provided therefor.

f. Enlisted Women's Collar Ornaments.

INSIGNIA, BRANCH OF SERVICE, COLLAR, ENLISTED

(1) Bronze collar insignia, branch of service shall be worn on the winter service coats and summer service uniforms in the eyelets provided

therefor centered on the collar in the manner illustrated.

(2) Gold collar insignia, branch of service shall he worn on the white

dress and white undress coat and on the blue coat in the manner illustrated.

12. Change to all sections on Male Officer's and Enlisted Men's Cap and Collar

Ornaments.

(Extracts from Printed Change No. 44, February 1961 to Volume I, Marine

Corps Manual, 1949.)

INSIGNIA, BRANCH OF SERVICE

a. Insignia, branch of serviceincludesacapdevicefor wear with the frame

cap, and a right and left device for wear on the collar of coats, jackets, and

shirts as a pair. In addition a single left collar device will be worn on the

left front side of the service garrison caps. Gold colored insignia will be worn on dress uniforms, and is referred toherein as dress insignia. Bronze

insignia will be worn on all service uniforms, and is referred to herein as

service insignia. Dress insignia will be maintained in a serviceable condition

and will be kept highly polished. Service insignia will be maintained in

a serviceable condition and will not be polished. Should continued use cause

loss of the desired bronze finish, insignia will either be replaced, or

refinished with USMC approved liquid, bronze, protective coating available

through the Marine Corps exchange.

b. The design of the enlisted insignia, branch of service will be as issued

or sold through the Marine Corps supply system. The design of the officers

insignia, branch of service, cap both dress and service will be that of the USMC emblem without motto ribbon. It consists of a view of the globe

showing Western Hemisphere approximately 7/8 inch in diameter, inter- sected by a foul anchor and surmounted by an eagle. It will be provided with a screwpost securely soldered to the hollow of the globe projecting

from the center, and fitted with a washer and milled nut. The design of the officers dress collar insignia will be identical to the cap insignia except

that it will be approximately 11/16 inch in diameter and will be provided with a pin, screw or clutch fastener. The officers insignia, collar service

154
will be identical to the dress collar insignia except that it will be 9/16 inch

in diameter.

c. The dress cap insignia will be worn on the cap frame when the white

cover is worn with dress uniforms. It will also be worn on military police helmets. The service cap insignia will be worn on the cap frame when the green and chaki covers are worn with the service uniforms. It will also be worn on the fiber sun helmet.

d. Officers dress collar insignia will be worn on the blue and white coats and the evening dress and mess dress jackets. On the evening dress jacket

the insignia will be placed vertically in the center of each side of the collar, the center of the hemisphere 1 3/4 inches from the neck opening with the

eagle facing inboard. On the blue and white coats the insignia will be placed

as above except the center of the hemisphere will be 1 7/8 inches from the neck opening. On the white mess jacket, the dress collar insignia will be worn on the collar in the eyelets provided therefor, centered between the

crease roll and outer edge, with the center of the hemisphere 1 inch above

the horizontal edge of the lapel notch, wing tips parallel, and the eagle facing

inboard. Enlisted dress collar insignia will be worn by enlisted personnel

on the dress coat, and on the khaki shirt when the blue uniform is worn without coat. Members of the Marine Corps Band, except the Drum Major, will wear dress collar insignia on the full dress coat.

e. Officers insignia, branch of service, collar, service will be worn on the collar of the service coats and jackets, centered on the collar with the

center of the hemisphere 1 inch above the horizontal edge of the lapel notch, the wing tips parallel to the bottom edge of the coat or jacket with

the eagles facing inboard. Enlisted insignia branch of service collar ser- vice will be worn on service coats and jackets as above. In addition the

collar service insignia will be worn on khaki shirts when worn as the outer garment as part of a service uniform. When the Winter Service "C" uniform is worn by enlisted personnel, insignia branch of service, collar, service will be worn on the collar of the khaki shirt in the manner pre- scribed below. Commanding officers may authorize the wearing of collar

insignia on both the shirt collar and the collar of the coat or jacket in order

that personnel who contemplate removal of the coat or jacket during duty

hours will be in proper uniform. When worn on the long sleeve khaki shirts

the insignia will be centered on each side of the shirt collar midway between

top and bottom edge of collar and one inch from the front edge, with the wing tips parallel to the top edge of the collar and the eagles facing inboard. When worn on the short sleeve khaki shirt, the insignia will be centered on a

line bisecting the angle of the peak of the collar, with the center of the globe approximately 1 1/2 inches from the front and bottom edges of the collar, eagles facing inboard with the wing tips of the eagle parallel to the top

edges of the shirt pocket when the shirt collar is open.

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APPENDIX N

THE 1962 UNIFORM ORNAMENTS

(Extracts from Marine Corps Order P1020.34A of 2 October 1962 - Marine

Corps Uniform Regulations.)

1. Male Officer's Cap and Collar Ornaments

INSIGNIA, BRANCH OF SERVICE

a. Design

(1) The design of the officers dress cap insignia and the service cap

insignia will be that of the Marine Corps emblem without motto ribbon. It consists of a view of the globe showing the Western Hemisphere ap- proximately seven-eighths of an inch in diameter intersected by a fouled

anchor and surmounted by an eagle. It will be provided with a screw- post securely soldered to the hollow of the globe projecting from the

center, and fitted with a washer and milled nut.

(2) The design of the officers dress collar insignia will be identical to

the cap insignia except that it will be approximately eleven-sixteenths of an inch in diameter and will be provided with a pin screw or clutch

fastener.

(3) The design of the officers service collar insignia will be identical

to the dress collar insignia except that it will be nine-sixteenths of an

inch in diameter.

b. Cap Insignia

(1) The dress cap insignia shall be worn with the cap frame, centered

in the eyelet provided therefor, with all dress or undress uniforms.

(2) The service cap insignia shall be worn when the cap frame is worn with service uniforms. It shall also be worn on the fiber sun helmet

and the campaign hat.

(3) The left service collar insignia shall be worn on the left front side of the service garrison caps, with the Insignia centered vertically 2

inches from the front.

c. Collar Insignia

(1) The dress collar insignia shall be worn on the blue and white coats

and the evening and mess dress jackets.

(a) On the blue and white coats the insignia will be placed vertically

in the center of each side of the collar. The insignia will be placed

in the eyelet provided therefor with the center of the hemisphere

1 7/8 inches from the neck opening with the eagles facing inboard.

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158

(b) On the evening dress jacket, the insignia shall be placed as

indicated above, except the center of the hemisphere will be 1 3/4

inches from the neck opening.

(C) On the white mess jacket, the dress collar insignia will be worn

on the collar in the eyelet provided therefor. The insignia will be centered between the crease roll and edge, eagle facing inboard, the center of the hemisphere 1 inch above the horizontal edge of the

lapel notch with the wing span of the eagles parallel thereto.

(2) Insignia, branch of service, collar, bronze shall be worn on the collar

of the service coats, centered on 'the collar with the center of the hemisphere 1 inch above the horizontal edge of the lapel notch, the wing tips parallel to the bottom edge of the coat and the eagles facing inboard.

2. Women Officer's Cap and Collar Ornaments.

INSIGNIA, BRANCH OF SERVICE

a. The design of the insignia, branch of service will be in accordance with

the description set forth in paragraph 5105. (Insignia, Branch of Service for

Male Officers.)

b. Cap Insignia.

(1) The dress cap insignia shall be worn with the dress caps, centered

in the eyelet provided therefor.

(2) The service cap insignia shall be worn with the winter service cap

and the green dress cap when it is worn with the summer service uniform, centered in the eyelet provided therefor.

(3) The left bronze collar i1signia, branch of service shall be worn

on the left front side of the summer service garrison and utility caps

in the eyelet provided therefor.

c. Collar Insignia.

(1) The dress collar insignia shall be worn with blue and white coats and the evening dress jacket in the eyelets provided therefor, centered on the collar with the center of the hemisphere 1 inch above the horizontal edge of the lapel notch, the wing tips parallel to the bottom edge of the coat or jacket, with the eagle facing inboard.

(2) The insignia, branch of service, collar, bronze shall be worn on the winter service coat, summer service dress, summer service coat and

in the same maimer as prescribed above.

3. Enlisted Men's Cap and Collar Ornaments.
INSIGNIA, BRANCH OF SERVICE

a. The insignia, branch of service; cap and collar, shall be the standard

as issued or sold through the Marine Corps Supply System. In all cases

the Insignia shall be worn with the eagle facing inboard.

b. The dress cap insignia shall be worn on the frame, service cap when

the white cap cover is worn. It will also be worn on military police helmets.

c. The service cap insignia shall be worn on the fiber helmet, campaign hat, and on the frame, service cap when the service cap cover is worn.

d. The dress collar insignia shall be worn on the dress blue coat in the

eyelets provided thereon.

e. The service collar insignia shall be worn in the eyelets provided on the

service coat or service jacket with the wing tips parallel to the bottom edge of the coat or jacket.

f. The left service collar insignia shall be worn on the left front side of

the garrison cap, centered vertically 2 inches from the front.

4. Enlisted Women's Cap and Collar Ornaments.

INSIGNIA, BRANCH OF SERVICE

a. The insignia, branch of service, cap and collar, shall be the standard

as issued or sold through the Marine Corps Supply System. In all cases, the insignia shall be worn with the eagle facing inboard with the wing tips parallel to the bottom edge of the coat or dress.

b. The dress cap insignia shall be worn on the blue dress cap in the eyelet provided.

c. The service cap insignia shall be worn on the winter service cap in the

eyelet provided.

d. The dress collar insignia shall be worn on the dress blue coat in the

eyelets provided.

e. The service collar insignia shall be worn on the summer service

and winter service coats, and the summer service dress in the eyelets

provided.

f. The left service collar insignia shall be worn on the left front side of

the garrison caps. On the utility cap, it shall be centered vertically 2

inches from the front. On the summer service cap, it will be worn in the

eyelet provided.

5. Change to the section on Enlisted Men's Cap and Collar Ornaments. (Para

3-b above.)

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160

(Extract from MCO P1020.34A Change 2 of 7 February 1964.)

a. The dress cap insignia shall be worn on the frame, service cap when

the white cap cover is worn.
APPENDIX 0

THE 1966 UNIFORM ORNAMENTS

(Extracts from Marine Corps Order P1020.34B of 22 April 1966 -Marine Corps Uniform Regulations.)

1. Male Officer's Cap and Collar Ornaments.

INSIGNIA, BRANCH OF SERVICE

a. Design

(1) The design of the officers' dress cap insignia and the service cap

insignia will be that of the Marine Corps Emblem without motto ribbon. It consists of a veiw of the globe showing the Western Hemisphere approximately seven-eighths of an inch in diameter intersected by a fouled

anchor and surmounted by an eagle. It will be provided with a screw- post securely soldered to the rear of the insignia at a point in the

approximate center of the globe projecting from the center, and fitted with a milled nut.

(2) The design of the officers' dress collar insignia will be identical to the cap insignia except that it will be approximately eleven-sixteenths of an inch in diameter and will be provided with a pin screw

or clutch fastener.

(3) The design of the officers' service collar insignia will be identical to the dress collar insignia except that it will be nine-sixteenths of an

inch in diameter.

b. Cap Insignia.

(1) The dress cap insignia shall be worn with the dress cap, centered vertically in the eyelet provided therefor, with all dress uniforms.

(2) The service cap insignia shall be worn when the cap frame is worn with service uniforms. It shall also be worn on the fiber sun helmet

and the campaign hat.

(3) The left service collar insignia shall be worn on the left front side

of the garrison caps, with the insignia centered vertically in the eyelet

provided.

c. Collar Insignia

(1) The dress collar insignia shall be worn on the blue and white coats

and the evening and mess dress jackets.

(a) On the blue and white coats,theinsigniawill be placed vertically

in the center of each side of the collar. The insignia will be placed

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162

in the eyelet provided therefor with the center of the hemisphere

1 7/8 inches from the neck opening with the eagles facing inboard.

(b) On the evening dress jacket, the insignia shall be placed as

indicated above, except the center of the hemisphere will be 1 3/4

inches from the neck opening.

(c) On the white mess jacket, the dress collar insignia will be worn on the collar in the eyelet provided therefor. The insignia will be centered between the crease roll and edge, eagle facing inboard, the center of the hemisphere 1 inch above the horizontal edge of the

lapel notch with the wing span of the eagles parallel thereto.

(2) Service collar insignia shall be worn on the collar of the service

coats, centered on the collar with the center of the hemisphere 1 inch

above the horizontal edge of the lapel notch, the wing tips parallel to

the bottom edge of the coat and the eagles facing inboard.

2. Women Officers' Cap and Collar Ornaments.

INSIGNIA, BRANCH OF SERVICE

a. The design of the insignia, branch of service, will be in accordance with

the description set forth in paragraph 5105. (Insignia Branch of Service for

Male Officers.)

b. Cap Insignia

(1) The dress cap insignia shall be worn with the dress caps, centered

in the eyelet provided therefor.

(2 The service cap insignia shall be worn with the winter service cap

and the green dress cap when it is worn with the summer service uniform, centered in the eyelet provided therefor.

(3) The left bronze collar insignia, branch of service, shall be worn on

the left front side of the summer service garrison and utility caps in

the eyelet provided therefor.

c. Collar Insignia

(1) The dress collar insignia shall be worn with blue and white coats and the evening/mess dress jackets in the eyelets provided therefor, centered on the collar with the center of the hemisphere 1 inch above

the horizontal edge of the lapel notch, the wing tips parallel to the bottom edge of the coat or jacket, with the eagle facing inboard.

(2) The insignia, branch of service, collar, bronze, shall be worn on the winter service coat, summer service dress, summer service coat

and in the same manner as prescribed above.
3. Enlisted Men's Cap and Collar Ornaments.

INSIGNIA, BRANCH OF SERVICE

a. The insignia, branch of service, cap and collar, shall be the standard

as issued or sold through the Marine Corps Supply System. In all cases, the insignia shall be worn with the eagle facing inboard.

b. The dress cap insignia shall be worn on the dress cap.

c. The service cap insignia shall be worn on the fiber helmet, campaign

hat, and on the service cap.

d. The dress collar insignia shall be worn on the collar of the blue dress coat in the eyelets provided thereon.

e. The service collar insignia shall be worn in the eyelets provided on

the service coat or service jacket with the wings parallel to the bottom

edge of the coat or jacket.

f. The left service collar insignia shall be worn on the left front side of

the garrison cap, centered vertically in the eyelet provided.

4. Enlisted Women's Cap and Collar Ornaments.

INSIGNIA, BRANCH OF SERVICE

a. The insignia, branch of service, cap and collar, shall be the standard

as issued or sold through the Marine Corps Supply System. In all cases, the

insignia shall be worn with the eagle facing inboard with the wing tips parallel to the bottom edge of the coat or dress.

b. The dress cap insignia shall be worn on the blue dress cap in the

eyelet provided.

c. The service cap insignia shall be worn on the winter service cap in the

eyelet provided.

d. The dress collar insignia shall be worn on the blue dress coat in the

eyelets provided.

e. The service collar insignia shall be worn on the summer service and winter service coats, and the summer service dress in the eyelets provided.

f. The left service collar insignia shall be worn on the left front side of

the garrison caps. On the utility cap, it shall be centered vertically 2

inches from the front. On the summer service cap, it will be worn in the

eyelet provided.

5. Change to the section on Enlisted Women's Cap and Collar Ornaments.

(Para. 4-f above.)

(Extract from MCO P1020.34B Change 2 of 9 April 1968.)

a. The left service collar insignia shall be worn on the left front side of the

garrison caps in the eyelet provided.

163
Chased — Ornamented by engraving, embossing, or cutting.

Fretted — An ornamental pattern of small straight lines.

Foul Anchor - The condition ol an anchor when the chain, cable, or rope, has taken

a turn around the flukes, shank, or stock.

TYPES OF FASTENERS

164 U. S. GOVERNMENT PRONTING OFFICE : 1977 246-686/1079

PIN FASTENER SCREW FASTENER CLUTCH FASTENER
The device reproduced on, the back cover is the oldest military

insignia in continuous use in the United States. It first

appeared, as shown here, on Marine Corps buttons adopted in

1804. With the stars changed to five points, this device has

continued on Marine buttons to the present day.
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