NBSIR 83-2729

NATIONAL NEEDS IN

WELDING TECHNOLOGY

PROCEEDINGS OF A CONFERENCE

April 28, 1983

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Sponsored by:

American Welding Society

Welding Research Council

The American Society for Metals

Federal Committee on Materials (COMAT)

Hosted by:

The American Welding Society

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

\J.«N

NBSIR 83-2729

NATIONAL NEEDS

IN WELDING

TECHNOLOGY

Proceedings of a Conference

April 28, 1 983

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Sponsored by:

American Welding Society

Welding Research Council

American Society for Metals

Federal Committee on Materials

Edited by:

Dr. Robert Mehrabian

National Bureau of Standards

Chairman, COMAT Task Group on Welding Technology

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Malcolm Baldrige, Secretary

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Ernest Ambler, Director

CONTENTS

Page

Introduction 1

Executive Summary 3

Conference Agenda 7

Panel I : Strategies for Near Term and Long

Term Improvement of U.S. Welding Technology 9

- Presentations, Discussion, and Recommendations

Panel II: Priority Needs and Opportunities in

Welding Research, Development, Engineering and

Technology Transfer 13

- Recommendations: Priority Categories of Needs/

Opportunities. Priority Categories for

Coordinated Activities

- Facilities List

Panel II: Prioritization of Needs/Opportunities 19

Panel II: Report of Subpanel A, Welding Metallurgy 21

Panel II: Report of Subpanel B, Welding Processes 25

Panel II: Report of Subpanel C, Manufacturing and

Technology Transfer 29

List of Participants 31

iii

INTRODUCTION

These proceedings are part of an initiative

jointly supported by the private sector and the

federal government to address the need for an

improved and coordinated U.S. effort in welding

research and technology. This is in response to

national recognition of the importance of advances

in welding technology to progress in critical

industrial areas (aircraft, automobiles, defense

systems, electric power, electronics, heavy construction, and shipbuilding). A coherent U.S.

approach to a strengthened technical position in

welding is seen as highly desirable in the face of

very active, well coordinated, government supported,

welding technology programs overseas.

In 1982 welding specialists from the private

sector and federal agencies met together and

recommended that "business as usual" in welding was

not an acceptable U.S. approach, and that an

assessment be made of approaches to improve the

U.S. competitive position. The recommendations

were forwarded to the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP ) . The Interagency Committee on

Material (COMAT), reporting to OSTP, identified

welding as one of three priority areas for attention.

COMAT established a Task Group on Welding Technology

which met early in 1983 with the American Welding

Society (AWS), the Welding Research Council (WRC), the

American Society for Metals (ASM), and university

representatives

.

The Conference described herein was organized

by these groups to identify needs for welding

research and technology, and to develop cooperative

strategies that will provide a coordinated implementation mechanism. It was hosted by the American

Welding Society and scheduled to coincide with the

Society's 1983 National Convention in Philadelphia.

1
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«

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The following preliminary work was done prior

to the April 28, 1983 Conference. Technical representatives from industries, government, and universities submitted more than a hundred suggestions for

needed research, development, engineering and technology transfer. A survey of welding equipment and

consumable suppliers, base-metal suppliers, and weldment fabricators indicated that industry places

principal emphasis on the need for development and

dissemination of information on design, materials,

selection, fabrication practices, and inspection

procedures. Current federal research related to

welding was compiled and reviewed. Primary objectives of the federal programs are (1) to improve

weld processes to achieve productivity increases

and cost reduction and (2) to assess the fitness-forservice of welded structures to ensure structural

integrity.

At the Conference, 88 invited technical experts,

corporate executives, and government managers met to

identify implementation strategies to improve welding

technology in the U.S. The morning session was

devoted to a series of background presentations on

the status and needs of welding technology as seen

by private sector and government specialists. These

papers are listed in the Agenda. In the afternoon

two panels were convened in parallel and agreed on

the following conclusions and recommendations by:

Panel I:

Strategies for Near Term and Long Term Improvement

of U.S. Welding Technology • CONCLUSIONS

• Remedial action is necessary considering

the lagging U.S. effort with respect to

welding technology.

3
• It is unrealistic to just depend on

existing government and industry laboratories, WRC/AWS , or foreign welding

institutes or to increase support of

welding technology at any of these

existing facilities for the purpose of

beginning a Welding Institute • RECOMMENDATIONS

Listed in order of priority but not mutually

exclusive (votes pro-con as recorded)

• Develop a strategy to:

- Establish an American Welding Technology Applications Center (27-2)

- Expand support for existing U.S.

welding research at universities

(16-5)

- Establish an American Welding

Institute similar to The Welding

Institute in England (12-8)

• Establish an eight-man Welding Technology

Action Committee chaired by industry to

address the three approaches and draft an

action plan within 90 days.

4
Panel II: Priority Needs and Opportunities in Welding

Research, Development, Engineering, and Technology

Transfer

Panel evaluated 114 research suggestions received

prior to the Conference. First, priorities were

established on the basis of scientific opportunity and needs of welding technology. Second,

opportunities/needs were prioritized for coordination of ongoing activities.

• PRIORITY CATEGORIES OF NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES

1. Productivity, Automation, Process Control

2. Microstructure Evolution and Solidification

3. Advanced Processes Development

4. Transport Processes, Measurement, and Modeling

5. Fitness for Purpose

• PRIORITY CATEGORIES FOR COORDINATED ACTIVITIES

1. Fitness for purpose

2. Productivity, Automation, Process Control

3. Codes, Standards, Specifications, and Regulations

4. Advanced Processes Development

5. NDE, Quality Control, and Inspection

5

CONFERENCE AGENDA

NATIONAL NEEDS IN WELDING TECHNOLOGY

Bellevue-Stratford Hotel, Red Room

Philadelphia, PA

April 28, 1983

A JOINT CONFERENCE OF THE AMERICAN WELDING SOCIETY,

WELDING RESEARCH COUNCIL, AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR METALS,

COMAT WELDING TASK GROUP

9:00 AM Word of Welcome, AWS Mr. Paul Ramsey

9:05 AM Introduction Dr. Robert Mehrabian

9:15 AM The National Needs:

Industry Summary* Dr. John H. Gross

9:45 AM The National Needs:

Government Summary* Dr. Hans Vanderveldt

10:20 AM Coffee

10:40 AM Research Opportunities* Dr. Bruce MacDonald

11:00 AM Current Status:

Industry Summary* Mr. William T. DeLong

11:30 AM Current Status:

Government Summary* Dr. Louis C. Ianniello

12:00 PM Lunch Tecumseh Room

7
1:00 PM Conference Participants will meet

separately in two Workshop Panels

Workshop Panel I . Strategies for Near Term

and Long Term Improvement of U.S.

Welding Technology

Co-Moderators: J. Gross

H. Vanderveldt

D. Olson

Workshop Panel II. Priority Needs and Opportunities in Welding Research, Development,

Engineering, and Technology Transfer

Co-Moderators

R. Stout

Topic Areas:

- Metallurgy

J. Key Processes

G. Oyler Manufacturing

and Technology

Transfer

4:00 PM Coffee

4:15 PM Joint Session: Panel Moderators Report

to Plenary Session

4:45 PM Discussion

5:30 PM Adjourn

^Copies of the Background Presentations and/or

Visuals distributed by the speakers are available

from Dr. J. D. McKinley, Center for Materials

Science, National Bureau of Standards,

Washington, DC 20234

8
Panel I:

STRATEGIES FOR NEAR TERM AND LONG TERM IMPROVEMENT OF

U.S. WELDING TECHNOLOGY

The panel meeting was opened by Dr. Robert Mehrabian

of NBS at 1:00 pm and was moderated by Dr. John Gross

(U.S. Steel), Dr. David Olson (Colorado School of

Mines), and Dr. Hans Vanderveldt (Naval Sea Systems

Command). Mr. Robert Hardy (David Taylor Naval Ship

R&D Center), and Mr. B. Joseph Werner (Airco, Inc.)

acted as co-recorders. The panel members are identified in the List of Participants. • PRESENTATIONS

• A presentation was made by Dr. Alan Wells of

The Welding Institute (TWI ) (Abington, England). He

described its history, structure, and role in the

U.K. He stated that TWI had no interest in making

a capital investment in the U.S. to extend its

position or role, but it would think favorably

about temporary assignment of its personnel to the

U.S. both to assist in the formation of an American

Welding Technology Applications Center and to benefit

the development of its personnel.

• A second presentation was made by Dr. Norman Eaton

of the Welding Institute of Canada to inform the panel

about the Institute’s history and current activity.

Key points in his talk relating to the successful

formation and growth of a "welding institute" or

"applications center" were:

• Need for industrial champions

9
• Staffing implies continuity which requires

stable funding

• Collaborative approach is essential

• Organization to be separate from government control

• Recognize that each component of the welding

community (Government, Industry, University)

has its strengths and weaknesses, but the

linkages formed in an institute or center environment help to reinforce the strengths and

overcome the weaknesses.

• Seed money (in this case the source was the

Canadian Government) was essential to provide

for the start-up expenses and permit the WIC

to establish its credibility as an on-going

organization. • DISCUSSION

• The Panel addressed the question "What are

viable approaches to solving the problem?"

and reached the following consensus:

- Problem in U.S. Welding Technology is

lack of: Communication, Coordination,

and Collaboration.

- Basic research is experiencing continued growth.

Applied research and technology transfer are

problem areas.

• Approaches considered to resolve the U.S. problem

were based on 12 alternatives listed below.

These were voted on by the Panel I attendees.

The three approaches receiving favorable votes

are listed in the RECOMMENDATIONS below.

10
Do nothing beyond normal practice.

Establish blue-ribbon panel to examine

issues

.

Establish an American Welding Institute

similar to The Welding Institute in

England

Expand support for existing U.S. welding

research at universities.

Establish an American Welding Technology

Applications Center.

Utilize The Welding Institute in England.

Utilize The Welding Institute in Canada.

Utilize the Welding Research Council and

the American Welding Society.

Utilize DOD and/or Government Laboratories.

Utilize facilities at Industry Installations.

Consider forming a "Technical Management

Center"

Consider mix of several viable approaches

11
• RECOMMENDATIONS

Favorable consensus in order of voting priority

but not mutually exclusive (votes pro-con as recorded)

• Establish an American Welding Technology

Applications Center (27-2)

• Expand Support for Existing Welding

Research at U.S. Universities (16-5)

• Establish an American Welding Institute

Similar to the Welding Institute in

England (12-8)

Further Recommendations:

• Appoint an Action Committee of 6-8 members

chaired by industry to develop an action

plan within 90 days, incorporating the

three recommended approaches and in the

process

- Emphasize industry initiative

- Consider the budget requirements of

the proposed action plan

- Consider possible government assistance

- Consider as a model the EPRI NDE

Center in Charlotte, NC

- Consider as a model the approach used

by the Welding Institute of Canada

• Refer Action Committee plan to Panel

members for comment prior to publication

or implementation

12
Panel II PRIORITY NEEDS AND OPPORTUNITIES IN WELDING RESEARCH, | DEVELOPMENT, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

Workshop Panel II was subdivided into three

Subpanels as follows:

Subpanel A—Welding Metallurgy:

Dr. Stout, Moderator

Dr. Wolf, Recorder

Subpanel B—Welding Processes:

Dr. Key, Moderator

Dr. Reed, Recorder

Subpanel C —Manufacturing and Technology Transfer

Dr. Oyler, Moderator

Dr. Hauser, Recorder

Forty-six individuals participated in the

three Subpanels. Each Subpanel met for approximately

two hours to:

• Prioritize needs and opportunities in R, D,

and E, and Technology Transfer for increased

support by industry and government

• Prioritize needs/opportunities for coordination

of ongoing activities

• Identify unique facilities in the U.S.

Each Subpanel selected by ballot the five

highest priority categories of needs/opportunities

in their respective topic areas . The separate

reports of the Subpanels are presented in

Exhibits 2, 3, and 4.

13
The three Subpanels then convened as one

Panel for approximately one hour to compile their

highest priorities into one listing. There was

some duplication in the categories so that a combination resulting in 12 categories was made. All

members of the Panel voted to select the top 1/3,

middle 1/3, and bottom 1/3 priority ratings for the

categories

• RECOMMENDATIONS* Full Panel II)

Exhibit 1 presents the 12 categories, the

weighted rating results, and the order of priority

which resulted from the balloting. Following are

the five highest priority research categories.

• PRIORITY CATEGORIES OF NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES

1. Productivity, Automation, Process Control

Intelligent, closed-loop automation of

welding processes requires diagnostic real-time

information from the arc and weld pool and

feedback control through computer interfacing.

Sensors characterizing the dynamics of the

weld pool, arc parameters, location and

character of the weld groove, coupled with

the development of models and with signal

analysis for integrating such information

into overall system control are research

priorities.

2. Microstructure Evolution and Solidification

The requirements for use of higher

strength alloys with adequate toughness

places emphasis on the development of matching

14
weldments. The control of microstructural

evolution and solidification offers promise

for improved weldability and improved weld-metal

and heat-affected-zone toughness. The study

of microalloying, solute distribution modeling,

thermal cycle vs phase stability relationships,

and enhanced grain refinement will contribute

to better weldment mechanical performance.

3. Advanced Processes Development

The development of advanced weld processes

promises to conserve energy, conserve materials,

increase productivity, join advanced materials,

and produce better weld quality. Research on

narrow-gap weld design, high-energy-density

beam and high-deposition rate processes, and

development of improved power-supplies, and

solid-state and flux-cored processes offer

major opportunities.

4. Transport Processes, Measurement, and Modeling

Better information about the transport

processes of the arc, weld pool, and surrounding

solid is essential for welding process model

development. Critical areas for research

leading to control of microstructure, defects,

and bead penetration and contour are experiments

and modeling of heat and fluid flow and

gas-metal and slag-metal interactions for

which accurate measurement of the physical

and chemical properties of liquid metals and

slags is necessary.

15
5. Fitness for Purpose

The development of fitness-for-service

methodology will lead to rational standards

for weld quality, allowable stress levels,

and material toughness. To produce reliable

fracture mechanics models, research on nondestructive inspection for weld-defect sizing,

in-service stress measurement, and development

and verification of relationships among

defect size, toughness, and strain need to be

developed.

• PRIORITY CATEGORIES FOR COORDINATED ACTIVITIES

1. Fitness for purpose

2. Productivity, Automation, Process Control

3. Codes, Standards, Specifications, and Regula

tions: Standardization of requirements in

all required documents

4. Advanced Processes Development

5. NDE, Quality Control, and Inspection: Post

weld inspection, ultrasonic techniques,

acoustic emission, eddy current, acceptance

criteria for above, defect characterization.

16
• FACILITIES LIST

Panel II presented the following list of

unique welding facilities in the U.S.

Laser Welder, 20 KW; Brown & Root,

Houston, TX

Flash Upset Butt Welder for Pipe; McDermott,

New Orleans, LA

Electron Beam Welder, 100 KW; Chicago

Bridge, Chicago, IL

Phase Transformation Apparatus; University

of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN

Full Size Environmental -type Test Facility

for Corrosion; General Electric, San Jose, CA

Robotics Test Laboratory; General Electric,

Schenectady, NY

In his morning presentation Dr. L. C. Ianniello

listed the following outstanding federal facilities:

DOE Diagnostics and modelling for

arc/plasma/weld pool; computer

controlled gas tungsten arc welder;

NDE ; Idaho National Engineering Lab.

Robotics for arc welding; explosive

welding and modelling; precision

welding with lasers/electron beam;

Los Alamos National Lab.

Electron beam diagnostics/computer

control/controlled environment;

Lawrence Livermore National Lab.

17
NASA

DOD

Continuous C0

2 laser, 9 KW; large

diameter pipe^weld test facility;

Oak Ridge National Lab.

Laser and resistance welding—process

diagnostics/modelling; Sandia National

Lab

Variable polarity plasma arc welding;

Marshall Space Flight Center

Arc/plasma diagnostics; Army Materials

& Mechanics Research Center

Experimental laser welding facility;

Tank Automotive Command

Arc/plasma diagnostics; Construction

Engineering Research Lab.

Inertial welding for dissimilar

metals joining; Armament R&D Command

Automated plasma arc facility for

turbine repair; Oklahoma City Air

Logis. Center

Pulsed arc with waveform control;

magnetic control of arc, infrared

process monitor; hot cracking test

facility; David Taylor NSRDC

Continuous C0

2 laser, 15 KW; Naval

Research Lab.

18
Panel II —Exhibit 1

PRIORITY CATEGORIES OF OPPORTUNITES/NEEDS

Weighted

Rating

Category By Ballot Priority

A-l Specific Alloys 76 9

A-2 Microstructure Evolution

and Solidification 91 2

A-3 Consumables 81 8

A-4 Fitness-for-Purpose 84 5

A- 5 Thermal Physical

Properties 54 12

B-l Productivity/Automation/

( C-l ) Process Control 116 1

B-2 Transport Processes—Measurement and Modeling 85 4

B-3 Advanced Processes Development 90 3

(C-2

)

B-4 NDE, Quality Control, and

(C-3 ) Inspection 83 6

B-5 Process Effects on Metallurgical

Structure and Properties 83 7

C-4 Welding Procedures and

Parameter Development 67 10

C-5 Codes, Standards, Specifications, and Regulations 65 11

19

Panel II—Exhibit 2

REPORT OF SUBPANEL A, WELDING METALLURGY

Dr. Robert D. Stout, Moderator

Dr. Stanley M. Wolf, Recorder

The Welding Metallurgy Subpanel consisted of

14 members (see 29). The Subpanel identified five

high priority generic topics and appropriate

subtopics. The discussion identified the highpriority, near-term, quasi-specific areas, as well

but recognized that an overall program in R, D,

and E for Welding Metallurgy must be broad based,

including both specific and generic efforts. The

selection criteria for the near-term areas were:

(1) bounded definition of the problem area, and

(2) likelihood of meaningful technical results

emanating in three to five years.

The generic areas representing highest priority

needs/opportunities are listed below. Asterisks

denote topics identified as high priority near

term items; these are listed in the next paragraph

in more detail.

A-l Specific Alloys

- Steels, HSLA* , Stainless

- Aluminum alloys*

- Titanium alloys

- High temperature; nickel, cobalt alloys;

advanced materials; dissimilar metals

A-2 Microstructural Evolution

- Hydrogen effects*

- Grain refinement*

- Segregation*

- Transformations; impurity effects; HAZ

21
A-3 Consumables

- Flux * - Filler metals

A-4 Fitness- for-Purpose

- Defect detection, sizing, evaluation,

and codification

- Residual stress; mechanical properties

A-5 Thermophysical Properties

High priority near term RD&E areas within the

framework outlined above are:

A-l Specific Alloys

- HSLA steels

- Aluminum

Control methods for minimizing

porosity

Weldable high-strength heat- treatable

alloys

A-2 Microstructural Evolution and Solidification

- Development of HSLA steels with improved

weldability, particularly with respect

to resisting hydrogen cracking

- Development of procedures and compositions

of parent metal and weld metal to enhance

grain refinement

- Segregation, modeling of solute distribution in weld metal

22
A-3 Consumables

- Flux development, e.g., slag-metal

reactions to provide impurity control

- Filler metals for HSLA steel for toughnesscritical applications

A-4 Fitness- for-Purpose

- Defect detection, sizing, evaluation,

and codification

Under Categories for Cooperative Efforts,

Subpanel A recommended the distribution of quarterly

reports and preprints to scientists/engineers in

the same major topical areas.

23

Panel II—Exhibit 3

REPORT OF SUBPANEL B, WELDING PROCESSES

Dr. James F. Key, Moderator

Dr. Richard P. Reed, Recorder

Panel members (see page 29) represented

university, government, laboratory, and industrial

interests in welding process research and development. The Subpanel's mission was to (1) identify

priority research, development, and engineering

topics needing more work or initiation of new

investigations in the near future; (2) identify

programs amenable to cooperative (inter-institutional)

programs; and (3) identify advanced facilities and

capabilities that could contribute to welding

technology research and development. Members

submitted topical suggestions for welding process

R&D which included ongoing work that requires

additional funding and new programs that could be

initiated in the near future. Topics submitted

were divided into the following categories:

B-l Process Control —Automation

For the purposes of this Panel, automated

processes are distinguished from mechanized

or semiautomatic processes and defined

as processes under intelligent closed-loop

control. Diagnostic real-time information

from the weld pool is sensed, fed back

to a computer with a process model in

the software, and corrective action

taken.

- Sensor development

- Control models —all fusion processes

- Signal analysis and system integration

25
B-2 Transport Processes —Measurement and

Modeling

Transport processes generally refer to

heat and mass transport in the arc, the

liquid weld pool, and the surrounding

solid. They also have strong effects

on, and are affected by physical and

chemical reactions in a process. These

procedures generally determine the

structure, properties, and defect charac

teristics in welds and are fundamental

to process model development.

- Heat and fluid flow

- Gas-metal and slag-metal interactions

- Physical and chemical properties of

slags and liquid metals

B-3 Advanced Process Development

Advanced process development addresses

process and equipment improvements and

adaptations to join advanced materials,

increase productivity, and improve

quality.

- Narrow-gap joint designs

- High-energy-density beam processes

- High-deposition rate processes

- Power supply development and analyses

- Solid-state process development

Flux-cored process development

26
B-4 Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) —Postweld

Inspection

- Ultrasonic techniques

- Acoustic emission techniques

- Eddy-current techniques

- Acceptance criteria for the above

- Defect characterization

B-5 Process Effects on Metallurgical Structure

and Properties

This topic bridges transport process

investigations with solidification and

microstructure evolution.

- Solidification, microstructure, and

phase stability

- Flaw formation

- Multipass welds—microstructure and

phase stability

- Heat-affected zone—microstructure and

phase stability

- Heat-input effects

The five major topics listed above were

discussed by Panel members in detail. A consensus

was reached that these five topics, as stated

here, were the most critical subjects requiring

further research and development and are excellent

candidates for near-term technology benefit, even

though complete solutions may take years of concentrated work. Panel members voted and ranked these

topics by priority as follows:

27
B-l Process Control —Automation

B-2 Transport Processes —Measurement

Modeling

and

B-3 Advanced Process Development

B-4 Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE)

Inspection

Postweld

B-5 Process Effects on Metallurgical

and Properties

Structure

These rankings should be viewed with some

caution. Process Control —Automation was clearlyjudged most important. Transport Processes and

Advanced Process Development had nearly equal

priority and can be viewed as an integral part of

Process Control--Automation. NDE and Process

Effects on Metallurgical Structure and Properties

had nearly equal priorities. These topics are

also closely related to the others listed. All

five are most important to advancement of welding

technology.

The Processes Subpanel also evaluated these

topics for Cooperative Research and Development.

Three topics in order of priority were judged most

suitable for cooperative ( inter- institutional

)

programs

B-2 Transport Processes —Measurement and

Modeling

B-l Process Control—Automation

B-5 Process Effect on Metallurgical Structure

and Properties

The Subpanel did not address the special

facility/capability issue because an adequate

listing of these facilities was provided in the

morning session by Dr. Louis Ianniello.

28
Panel II—Exhibit 4

REPORT OF SUBPANEL C, MANUFACTURING AND!

TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

Dr. Glenn W. Oyler, Moderator

Dr. Daniel Hauser, Recorder

The Manufacturing and Technology Transfer

Subpanel consisted of 15 members (see page 30).

The Subpanel members had submitted 46 proposals

prior to the meeting. These proposals were catalogued

into 15 categories (see Enclosure 2). The Subpanel

was divided into three groups of five individuals

each. One group reviewed the ten 5-page submittals,

which had been prepared by industry representatives

for Panel I , to , extract the needs/opportunities

that were presented in those submittals and that

were applicable to manufacturing and technology

transfer. Another group reviewed the submittals

from the various government agencies to extract

the applicable needs/opportunities. The third

group reviewed the submittals that were presented

to the Conference held at MIT by the Office of

Naval Research on March 24-25, 1983, and extracted

the applicable needs/opportunities. The total

number (214) of the applicable needs/opportunities

from all of these sources is tabulated by category

in Enclosure 2

The three groups then recombined as the

Subpanel and voted by secret ballot to determine

the five highest priority categories, and the

weighted results for each category are shown in

Enclosure 2.

The five identified highest priority needs/

opportunities are:

29
C-l Productivity

- Automation, robotics, feedback control,

etc

C-2 Process Development

- Refinement of processes for applications,

such as, narrow-gap welding, etc.

C-3 Quality Control and Inspection

- Improvement in Quality Control procedures

and NDE

C-4 Welding Procedures and Parameter Development

- Research needed to determine the limits

of the ranges of the many parameters

- Effect of interaction of parameters on

heat input

C-5 Codes, Standards, Specifications, and

Regulations

- Standardization of requirements in all

required documents

Under Categories for Cooperative Efforts,

Subpanel C recommended: first, C-5 Codes, Standards,

Specifications, and Regulations; second, C-3

Quality Control and Inspection; and third, C-l

Productivity.

30
PARTICIPANTS LIST

PANEL I

Co-Moderators

Dr. John H. Gross

Director

Technology Implementation, Steel

U.S. Steel Corporation

Chairman, Welding Research Council

Dr. David L. Olson

Dept, of Welding Metallurgy

Colorado School of Mines

Dr. Hans H. Vanderveldt

Naval Sea Systems Command

U.S. Department of the Navy

Recorders

Mr. Robert Hardy

David Taylor Naval Ship R&D Ctr.

U.S. Department of the Navy

Mr. B. Joseph Werner

Chai rman Long Range Planning Committee

Welding Research Council

Mr. A. A. Bosna

Westinghouse Electric (MSNTC)

Dr. A. B. D. Braithwaite

The British Welding Institute

Mr. J. M. Cameron

Electric Boat Division

General Dynamics

Mr. Howard B. Cary

Hobart Brothers Company

Mr. W. D. Colbert

CBI, Inc.

Mr. E. L. Daman

Foster Wheeler Development Corp.

Dr. J. C. Danko

Electric Power Research Inst.

Mr. Joseph Darby

U.S. Department of Energy

Mr. William T. DeLong

Vice President

Corporate Development

Teledyne McKay

Dr. Karl Dorschu

Consultant

Mr. J. D. Dowd

Aluminum Company of America

31
Dr. Thomas W. Eagar

Massachusetts Institute of

Technology

Dr. N. F. Eaton

Di rector

The Welding Institute of Canada

Mr. Bruce Glidden

U.S. Steel Corporation

American Bridge Division

Professor Karl Graff

Dept, of Welding Metallurgy

Ohio State University

Mr. Geerhard Haaijer

A.I.S.C.

Mr. S. E. Handman

M. W. Kellogg Company

Mr. D. C. Helton

Alloy Rods Division

Allegheny International Company

Mr. B. C. Howser

Newport News Shipbuilding

Dr. Louis C. Ianniello

Division of Materials Science

U.S. Department of Energy

Dr. James Jellison

Sandia National Laboratory

Mr. William Kegel

Foster Wheeler Development Corp

Mr. James J. Kelly

Office of Naval Technology

U.S. Department of the Navy

Dr. Glenn L. Mara

Lawrence Livermore National Lab

University of California

Mr. S. J. Matthews

Cabot Corporation

Dr. Paul Maxwell

Science Consultant

Subcommittee on Science,

Research, and Technology

House of Representatives

Dr. Robert Mehrabian

Center for Materials Science

National Bureau of Standards

Mr. J. D. O'Toole

Consolidated Edison, Inc.

Dr. W. J. Pardee

Rockwell International Corp.

Mr. Peter Patriarca

Chai rman Joining Division Council

American Society for Metals

32
Mr. Milton Randall

President-Elect

American Welding Society

CRC Automatic Welding

Mr. Paul W. Ramsey

Executive Director

American Welding Society

Mr. Perry J. Rieppel

Welding Research Council

Prof. W. F. Savage

Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst.

Mr. Alex Schwarzkopf

National Science Foundation

Mr. C. B. Shaw, Jr.

Rockwell International

Mr. Robert D. Sigman

Westinghouse Automation Div.

Dr. Candice Stevens

Office of Strategic Resources

U.S. Department of Commerce

Mr. James H. Walker

Brown and Root

Mr. Jeff Weber

Editor, The Welding Journal

American Welding Society

Dr. A. A. Wells

Director General

The British Welding Institute

PANEL IIA METALLURGY

Co-moderator

Dr. R. D. Stout

Lehigh University

Recorder

Dr. Stanley Wolf

Division of Materials Science

U.S. Dept, of Energy

Mr. B. I. Alia

American Bureau of Shipping

Dr. William Baeslack

Dept, of Welding Engineering

Ohio State University

Dr. Stan David

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Dr. D. J. Kotecki

Teledyne McKay Co.

Dr. Bruce A. MacDonald

Office of Naval Research

U.S. Department of the Navy

Dr. Harry I. McHenry

Fracture & Deformation Div.

National Bureau of Standards

33
Prof. J. W. Morris

Dept, of Matls. Science &

Mineral Engineering

University of California at

Berkeley

Professor Ernest Nippes

Materials Engineering Dept.

Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst.

Dr. Bhakta B. Rath

Naval Research Laboratory

U.S. Department of the Navy

Dr. Robert J. Reynik

National Science Foundation

Mr. R. K. Sager

Sandia National Laboratories

Dr. James C. Williams

President, Mellon Institute

PANEL IIB PROCESSES

Co-Moderator

Dr. James F. Key

Materials Technology Division

EG&G Idaho

Recorder

Dr. Richard P. Reed

Fracture & Deformation Division

National Bureau of Standards

Dr. L. Adler

Welding Engineering Department

Ohio State University

Dr. George E. Cook

CRC Welding Systems

Dr. Jack Devletian

Materials Science Department

Oregon Graduate Center

Dr. R. D. Dixon

Los Alamos National Laboratory

Dr. G. R. Edwards

Colorado School of Mines

Dept, of Metallurgical Engrg.

Dr. Stephen Fishman

Defense Advanced Research

Projects Agency

U.S. Department of Defense

Dr. Clinton Heiple

Rocky Flats Division

Rockwell International

Professor Sindo Kou

Dept, of Metallurgical Engrg.

Carnegie Mellon University

Mr. Richard J. Mollica

General Motors Corporation

Mr. R. E. Monroe

Consultant

San Francisco, CA

34
Dr. S. Nunes

Marshall Space Flight Center

National Aviation & Space Admin.

Mr. William Ricci

Army Matls. & Mech. Res. Ctr.

Dr. Richard Richardson

Dept, of Welding Engineering

Ohio State University

Commander Brian Sack, USN

Naval Sea Systems Command

U.S. Department of the Navy

Mr. R. D. Thomas, Jr.

R. D. Thomas Co. , Inc.

Mr. G. D. Uttrachi

Union Carbide Corporation

Mr. Charles Zanis

David Taylor Naval Ship R&D Ctr.

U.S. Department of the Navy

PANEL IIC MFG. AND TECH. TRANS.

Co-Moderator

Dr. Glenn W. Oyler

Executive Director

Welding Research Council

Recorder

Dr. Daniel Hauser

Battel le Columbus Laboratories

Mr. Donald C. Bertossa

Vice President

American Welding Society

General Electric Co. , San Jose

Dr. John Bollinger

University of Wisconsin

Mr. R. P. Culbertson

Brown and Root, Inc.

Mr. R. C. Griffin

Suntech, Inc.

Professor Kenneth Knott

Dept, of Industrial Eng.

Pennsylvania State University

Mr. N. E. Larson

Union Carbide

Dr. C. D. Lundin

Chemical, Metallurgical &

Polymer Eng. Dept.

University of Tennessee

Dr. G. E. Metzger

AFWAL

U.S. Dept, of the Air Force

Mr. L. C. Northard

Tennessee Valley Authority

Dr. D. M. Norris

Electric Power Research Inst.

35
Mr. Charles L. Null

Naval Sea Systems Command

U.S. Department of the Navy

Professor A. Pense

Dept, of Metallurgy

Lehigh University

Mr. Stephen F. Saletros

Headquarters, Air Force Science

Command

U.S. Dept, of the Air Force

Mr. R. C. Shutt

Lincoln Electric Co.

Mr. J. E. Sims

CBI, Inc.

Dr. Raymond G. Thompson

University of Alabama

Mr. James C. Thompson

President

American Welding Society

The Ralph M. Parsons Co.

Dr. Andrew Van Echo

U. S. Dept, of Energy

36
NBS-114A (REV. 2*80

)

U.S. DEPT. OF COMM. 1 . BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA

SHEET (See instructions)

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

PUBLICATION OR 2 REPORT NO.

. Performing Organ. Report NoJ 3. Publication Date

National Needs in Welding Technology

5. AUTHOR(S)

Edited by Dr. Robert Mehrabian

6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION (If joint or other than NBS. see instructions) 7. Contract/Grant No. national bureau of standards

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 8. Type of Report & Period Covered

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20234

9. SPONSORING ORGANIZATION NAME AND COMPLETE ADDRESS (Street, City. State. ZIP)

American Welding Society

Welding Research Council

The American Society for Metals

Federal Committee on Materials (COMAT)

10. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

~1 Document describes a computer program; SF-185, FIPS Software Summary, is attached.

11. ABSTRACT (A 200-word or less factual summary of most significant information. If document includes a significant

bi bliography or literature survey, mention it here)

These proceedings are part of an initiative—jointly supported by the private

sector and the federal government to address the need for an improved and coordinated

U.S. effort in welding research and technology.

The Conference described herein was organized by the American Welding Society,

the Welding Research Council, the American Society for Metals, university representatives and COMAT to identify needs for welding research and technology, and to develop

cooperative strategies that will provide a coordinated implementation mechanism. It was hosted by the American Welding Society and scheduled to coincide with the Society's

1983 National Convention in Philadelphia.

12. KEY WORDS (Six to twelve entries; alphabetical order; capitalize only proper names; and separate key words by semicolon s) American Society for Metals; American Welding Society; Federal Committee on Materials;

welding technology

13. AVAILABILITY

| | Unlimited

| | For Official Distribution. Do Not Release to NTIS

i | Order From Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.

20402.

I | Order From National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Springfield, VA. 22161

14. NO. OF

PRINTED PAGES

15. Price

USCOMM-DC 6043-P80