JPRS-TND-92-047

18 December 1992

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FOREIGN

BROADCAST

INFORMATION

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JPRS Report—

Proliferation

Issues

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PROLIFERATION ISSUES

JPRS-TND-92-047 CONTENTS 18 December 1992

[This report contains foreign media information on issues related to worldwide proliferation and transfer activities in

nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons, including delivery systems and the transfer of weapons-relevant

technologies.]

AFRICA

SOUTH AFRICA

Air Force Denies Monitoring Japanese Plutonium Ship [SAPAJ 1

Somchem's Rocket Launcher, Test Described [THE STAR 16 Oct] 1

AEC Technology Adapted for Industry [THE STAR 26 Oct] 2

CHINA

Tibetan Exiles Allege PRC Nuclear Activity [Calcutta THE STATESMAN 27 Oct] 3

Government Considers Signing CW Convention [XINHUA] 3

Second Phase of Daba Thermopower Plant Approved [XINHUA] 3

EAST ASIA

BURMA

Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty Signing Announced [Rangoon Radio] 4

CAMBODIA

SRV Embassy Spokesman Rejects Toxic Weapons Report [Hanoi VNA] 4

JAPAN

Policy of Hiding Plutonium Transport Data Eyed [KYODO] 4

IAEA Meeting To Focus on Surplus Plutonium Problem [KYODO] 5

Agency Moves To Prevent Buildup of Excess Plutonium [KYODO] 5

New Technologies Studied for Nuclear Plants [KYODO] 5

First Radioactive Waste Delivered to Storage Center [KYODO] 6

NORTH KOREA

IAEA Said To Uncover Concealed Nuclear Facilities [Seoul TV] 6

SKNDF Calls News Conference on N-Arms in South [KCNA] 7

Renewal of Russian Nuclear Technology Aid Sought [Seoul YONHAP] 7

New Nuclear Facilities Reportedly Built [Moscow Radio] 7

SOUTH KOREA

IAEA Nuclear Research Cooperation To Be Extended [YONHAP] 7

Envoy to Vienna on Future Nuclear Inspections [Seoul TV] 8

Proposed JNCC Meeting Hints at Policy Changes [CHUNGANGILBO 2 Dec] 8

North's Nuclear Arms Production Capability Eyed [YONHAP] 8

BULGARIA

Technologist Comments on Kozloduy N-Plant Safety [BULGARSKA ARMIYA 30 Nov] 10

CZECHOLSLOVAKIA

Red Mercury Deals in Russia Described [NARODNA OBRODA 28 Nov] 10

HUNGARY

Tripartite Talks Continue on Nuclear Fuel Storage [NEPSZABADSAG 1 Dec] 11

Research Reactor Refurbished, Ready To Start Up [NEPSZABADSAG 25 Nov] 11
JPRS-TND-92-047

18 December 1992 2

NEAR EAST & SOUTH ASIA

EGYPT

U.S.'Pressure'on Signing CW Treaty Viewed [AL-SHA'B 24 Nov] 13

Electricity Minister Says Uranium Ore Discovered [MENAJ 13

INDIA

U.S. Blamed for Pakistan's Nuclear Capability [Delhi Radio] 13

Editorial Urges Government To'Go Nuclear' [NAVBHARAT TIMES 14 Nov] 14

IRAN

German Intelligence Says Iran Building Nuclear Bomb

[Hamburg WELT AM SONNTAG 6 Dec] 14

Rafsanjani Visit to 'Secret' Nuclear Center Eyed [JAHAN-E ESLAM 29 Nov] 15

PAKISTAN

Thermal Power Station Agreement Signed With PRC [Islamabad Radio] 15

Exchange of Nuclear Technology Sought With PRC [NAWA-I-WAQT 12 Nov] 15

Chinese Military Delegation Arrives for Visit [Hong Kong AFP] 16

Zaki Discusses Arms Control With British Official [Islamabad Radio] 16

Foreign Office Denies Reports of 7 Nuclear Bombs [Islamabad Radio] 16

Defense Minister Notes Denial [THE NATION 7Dec] 16

Former Military Chief of Staff on Nuclear Program [THE NEWS 6 Dec] 17

Editorial on Bhutto Announcement on Nuclear Plans [THE FRONTIER POST 6 Dec] 18

CENTRAL EURASIA

CIS Smuggling of Radioactive Goods Increasing [NOVOYE VREMYA Nov] 20

Russian Opposition Cites Nuclear Accord With U.S. [ITAR-TASS] 21

Russia, Japan Cooperate on Nuclear Power Station [KOMMERSANT-DAILY 28 Nov] 21

Russia Reports Cessation of CW Production [IZVESTIYA 3 Dec] 21

Russian Nuclear Scientist Downplays'Brain Drain' [ROSSIYSKAYA GAZETA 21 Nov] 22

Russian Reports of Nuclear Sales 'Unconfirmed' [KOMSOMOLSKA YA PRA VDA 26 Nov] 22

Russian Leader Issues Directive on Pathogen Exports [ROSSIYSKIYE VESTI5 Dec] 23

Russia Approves Pathogen Export Control Statute [ROSSIYSKIYE VESTI 5 Dec] 25

Russian To Expand Market for Armament Sales [INTERFAX] 25

Russian Navy Denies'Ballistic Missile'Reports [KRASNAYA ZVEZDA 1 Dec] 25

Russian Scientists To Work at New S&T Center [ROSSIYSKIYE VESTI 28 Nov] 26

Russian Atomic Energy Minister To Head Nuclear Center [Moscow Radio] 26

Russia To Grant Credits to Nuclear Power Stations [INTERFAX] 26

Urkaine Leader Says 'Not Currently a Nuclear State' [INTERFAX] 26

Ukraine Leader Addresses Army on Nuclear Issues [Kiev TV] 27

Ukraine's Plushch Sets Conditions for N-Arms [Moscow TV] 27

Kazakhs Fear Semipalatinsk N-Test Site Reports [KOMSOMOLSKAYA PRAVDA 28 Nov] 27

Armenia Working on Radioactive 'Punishment Weapon' 28

Armenian Deputy Informs Reporters [SNARK] 28

Azeri Security Ministry Report [AZERINFORM] 28

Armenian Government Denial [INTERFAX] 28

Belarus Plans Nuclear-Free Status by 1995 [ITAR-TASS] 28
JPRS-TND-92-047

18 December 1992 AFRICA

SOUTH AFRICA

Air Force Denies Monitoring Japanese Plutonium

Ship

MB2611134792 Johannesburg SAPA in English

1228 GMT 26 Nov 92

[Text] Pretoria Nov 26 SAPA—The South African Air

Force [SAAF] denied on Thursday [26 November] that it

had deployed an aircraft to monitor the controversial

Japanese freighter, Akatsuki Maru, which is carrying a

deadly cargo of plutonium from a French port to Japan.

"The SAAF will only react if requested to do so by the

Department of Environmental Affairs or any other

organisation responsible for South Africa's territorial

waters," an SAAF headquarters statement said.

On Wednesday, Environmental Affairs Minister Louis

Pienaar said the Japanese Government had informed

South Africa that the freighter with its 1.7 [metric] ton

plutonium oxide cargo would at no stage pass closer than

110 nautical miles from the South African coast line.

In terms of international maritime law, any vessel may

sail outside a country's 12 nautical mile territorial zone

without that country's consent, Mr. Pienaar said.

Somchem's Rocket Launcher, Test Described

93AF0161A Johannesburg THE STAR in English

16 0ct92pll

[Article by Anita Allen]

[Text] Some people in this country celebrated the start of

Space Week with a big roar on Monday and in the

process South Africans were given their first glimpse of

the capabilities of the local space industry.

In 52 seconds of controlled combustion, Somchem, the

systems house that manufactures launch rockets, successfully managed to burn up 10 tons of fuel at temperatures reaching 3,000 deg. C to release a thrust of

approximately 500 km, capable ofboosting a load of 500

kg on its way to orbit the Earth.

The launch system is made up of three solid-fuel rocket

motors, linked to a computer which will jettison each

motor as it burns out.

Monday's test involved a rocket motor which holds 10

tons ofsolid-fuel in a state-of-the-art composite material

tube about 5 m long by 1,5 m in diameter.

Rocketeers said the propellant's ingredients—an oxidiser, metal fuel and a polymer—were well-known, but

the secret lay in the mixing and formulation. They said

the fuel's texture and colour was not unlike dough, which

could be manipulated to give the required burning

properties.

Instead of launching into space, the rocket motor is

tested anchored horizontally on the test bench, its

exhaust pointing towards a high mound of rocks about

150 m away designed to deflect exhaust gases skywards.

On firing, the solid fuel is ignited down its core, and then

burns outwards, until there is none left in the tube. The

burn starts comparatively slowly and then escalates in

seconds to a 30 m-long yellow-white flame, which is

accompanied by a sonic roar.

The resulting white exhaust gases hit the mound ofrocks

and mushroom into the air.

Rocketeers are quite adamant that this is a controlled

burning, and say that at no time is there any danger to

the surrounding environment.

The test pad itself is a concrete slab within an area of

about 2 ha [hectare] which has been cleared of vegetation, revealing white sand and rocks.

Two environmentalists, Dr. Allan Heydorn, a specialist

consultant for the S.A. Nature Foundation and representative of the World Wildlife Fund, and Dr. Charles

Boucher, of the University of Stellenbosch department

of botany, both said that monitoring carried out after

previous tests had not revealed any adverse effects on

flora and fauna in the area.

The test site is located within a 500 ha valley in the

mountains behind Pringle Bay in the Cape, known as

Klein Hangklip Mountain.

It is currently the subject of a Supreme Court action

brought by the Rooi Els Local Council against the

Overberg Regional Council and Somchem.

Residents are concerned that the testing activities could

possibly lead to contamination of the water catchment

area ofthe Buffles River Dam and cause environmental

damage.

Heydorn, who did the initial impact study when Somchem acquired the site for test purposes, said that where

man's activities were concerned there was always an

impact on the environment.

The Somchem project did have an environmental

impact, but this was restricted to the 2 ha ofland around

the test pad which had to be sacrificed, as well as a few

square metres of land around the control-centre

building.

He pointed out that the area had not been a pristine

environment, in that the previous owner had grown

proteas, which did not occur naturally in the area.

Today, this land was slowly being rehabilitated to indigenous flora.

The fact that the area was not open to the public was also

a plus, in Heydorn's view. Boucher agreed, and pointed

out that tagging of plants and subsequent monitoring, as

well as water analysis, had established that the tests were

not adversely affecting the environment.
AFRICA

JPRS-TND-92-047

18 December 1992

AEC Technology Adapted for Industry

93AF0161B Johannesburg THE STAR in English

26 0ct92p25

[First paragraph is THE STAR introduction]

[Text] The new S.A. [South Africa] has presented lots of

fresh challenges for the Atomic Energy Corporation [AEC],

among them the need to become more business oriented.

S.A.'s Atomic Energy Corporation (AEC) is rapidly

shaking off its once sinister image and is today a business-oriented body whose function is to produce quality

industrial solutions and adapt technology, products and

services to create cost-effective packages for industry.

"Essentially the idea is to use our available technology,

whether nuclear or non-nuclear; adapt and apply it in

everyday industrial environments, often in a seemingly

mundane situation," says Roland von Gogh, AEC manager

corporate marketing.

In keeping with this overall philosophy, two businessoriented groups have been created within the AEC, made

up in turn of several business units.

The terminology is no accident—the corporation began to

apply commercial business principles to its operations three

years ago and although there is no hint ofprivatisation at this

stage, the emphasis is on applying strictly commercial principles to assess the performance ofthe various business units.

He says the Corporate Business Development programme is where the marketing and development of

embryonic business units takes place.

This programme comprises six business units currently.

They are:

• Turbo Systems Technology.

• Specialised Plating Technology.

• Biogam—a facility that supplies irradiated foodstuffs

on a large scale.

• Membrasep—suppliers of membrane technology in

gas and liquid separation.

• Lumitec, whose core product is low-intensity, extremely

long-life lighting requiring no electrical supply.

• Nuclear Fuels Programme, involved in the conversion of "yellow cake" (uranium/diucranate) to what is

known as uranium hexafloride. This is the feedstock

for the renowned and, until recently, highly secret

S.A. uranium enrichment process.

The enriched uranium is processed further into pastilles

of uranium dioxide, which are contained within fuel

pins, in turn fabricated into fuel assemblies at Pelindaba

for use in nuclear power stations.

The biggest client for the assemblies at present is Koeberg Power Station. Various products related to the

nuclear fuel cycle are currently being exported.

The Nuclear Fuels Programme has a nuclear waste-disposal

capability developed on the basis of extensive research and

well in advance of actual waste generation. It is said to be

among the best, if not the best, in the world and is attracting

international attention.

Von Gogh says the AEC is exceptionally environmentally aware and has developed outstanding technology

for dealing with nuclear waste and environmental control problems in general.

A second grouping of business units, known as Peltek,

incorporates the more mature business units—those that

have proved themselves commercially and to which units

from the Corporate Business Development Programme are

"promoted" once they have achieved similar status.

This group has seven business units including HTP (High

Technology Products) which was originally an offshoot of

AEC activities, sold to the IDC [Industrial Development

Corporation] and other shareholders four years ago for

strategic reasons, it was decided to reincorporate it into

AEC within the Peltek group with HTP managing director

Dr. Karel Voigt as executive general manager.

The basic business units ofthe Peltek group now comprise:

• Isotope Production Centre—medical and industrial

isotope applications.

• Fluorochemical production—products such as

hydrogen fluoride, sodium, silica fluoride and

numerous other bulk fluorides.

• Flosep, which produces dust-separation equipment.

• Noise Analysis, which provides systems to monitor

machinery for preventative maintenance purposes.

• Nuclear Techniques Industrial Services—

instrumentation development and services for process control measurement for a host of industries.

• Earth and Environmental Technology, which has its base

in geology, geohydrology, meteorology and geophysics.

• Aerosol and Air Quality, which supplies technology

related to aerosol physics to sectors such as the

chemical and petro-chemical industries and pollution-control equipment.

Backing up the AEC's commercial enterprises is the Corporate Marketing Department, whose brief is to steer the

technology-oriented groups into "real world" demand markets and basically to find ways of taking abstract technologies and applying them in down-to-earth ways.

The main market sectors targeted by AEC Marketing are

mining and metallurgy, chemical and petro-chemical,

environmental, medical and pharmaceutical, engineering and fabrication, agriculture and aero-space.

Should the two business programmes of the AEC have

products for these or any other markets it is Corporate

Marketing's responsibility to plan and co-ordinate their

promotion.

Von Gogh says: "The basic premise is to address market

needs rather than push technology for its own sake."

For further information, please telephone Roland Von

Gogh at (012) 316-3270.
JPRS-TND-92-047

18 December 1992 CHINA

Tibetan Exiles Allege PRC Nuclear Activity

93WP0045A Calcutta THE STATESMAN in English

27 0ct92p9

[Text] NEW DELHI, Oct. 26—The Tibetan Government-in-exile has alleged that China is "reportedly using

the Tibetan hinterland for nuclear weapons tests and for

dumping nuclear and other toxic wastes," reports PTI.

According to the government-in-exile's information and

International Relations Department, Chinese authorities

are alleged to have received huge sums of money from

Western countries in the eighties for offering nuclear

wastes disposal facilities in Tibet. It is not known

whether the wastes were actually dumped.

In a document titled "atrocities on the roof of the

world," the department also mentions a 1991 Greenpeace report that revealed plans to ship toxic sewage

sludge from the USA to China for disposal in Tibet.

Government Considers Signing CW Convention

OW0312092292 Beijing XINHUA in English

0901 GMT 3 Dec 92

[Text] Beijing, December 3 (XINHUA)—China is conducting a serious study on the issue of signing an

international chemical weapons convention, a Foreign

Ministry spokesman said here this afternoon.

In reply to a question about whether China will sign the

International Chemical Weapons Convention adopted

by the United Nations yesterday, Li Jianying said at the

weekly press conference that China supports the purposes and objectives of the chemical weapons convention and is conducting a serious study on the issue of

signing it.

Second Phase of Daba Thermopower Plant Approved

OW2611103392 Beijing XINHUA in English

0940 GMT 26 Nov 92

[Text] Yinchuan, November 26 (XINHUA)—The

second phase ofthe Daba Thermo-Power Plant has been

given the go-ahead by the central government.

The planned installed capacity ofthe plant is 2.4 million

kw [kilowatts]. Two 300,000 kw generating sets installed

in the first phase are already in operation.

It is planned that in the second phase another two

generating sets of of the same capacity will be installed.

In addition, the plant will be linked to the north China

power grid.

The National Energy Investment Corporation and the

Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region will share equally the

1.17 billion yuan of construction cost.
EAST ASIA

JPRS-TND-92-047

18 December 1992

BURMA

Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty Signing Announced

BK0412014292 Rangoon Radio Burma in Burmese

1330 GMT3 Dec 92

[Press release issued by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs,

dated 3 December]

[Text] The Government of the Union of Myanmar

[Burma] has been actively contributing to the UN's

efforts in the quest for international peace and security,

particularly in the field of arms reduction and disarmament with the ultimate objective of genuine and complete disarmament.

As a founding member of the Conference on Disarmament in Geneva, Myanmar has also been constructively

engaged in ongoing disarmament negotiations. It firmly

believes that nonproliferation of nuclear weapons, cessation of the nuclear arms race, and nuclear disarmament are vital for the prevention ofthe danger of nuclear

weapons. On the other hand, it also believes that

peaceful uses of nuclear energy and technology should be

applicable to every nation for the benefit of all mankind

under an impartial and effective international control.

In accordance with the conviction stated above and with

the view to enhancing its firm commitment to the

international peace and security, the Government ofthe

Union of Myanmar has decided to accede to the Treaty

on Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons.

The instrument of the accession to the said treaty has

been deposited with the United States Department of

State in Washington D.C. on 2 December 1992 which is

one of two depositories of the treaty.

Thus, Myanmar becomes the 154th state to accede to the

Treaty of the Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons.

CAMBODIA

SRV Embassy Spokesman Rejects Toxic Weapons

Report

BK0512074992 Hanoi VNA in English

0715 GMT5 Dec 92

[Text] Hanoi VNA December 5—The spokesman for the

Vietnamese Embassy to the Supreme National Council

(SNC) of Cambodia on Dec. 2 released the following

statement:

"On Nov. 14,1992, the spokesman for the Khmer Rouge

army falsely accused Vietnam of having 'planned to use

toxic chemical weapons in the 1992-93 dry season in

Cambodia.'

The spokesman is authorized to flatly reject this slanderous charge of the Khmer Rouge. This allegation is

aimed at inciting hostility against Vietnam, diverting

public opinion in Cambodia and the world as whole as

which is strongly condemning the Khmer Rouge for

blocking the peace process and covering up its military

preparations for the 1992-93 dry season to undermine the

implementation of the Paris agreements on Cambodia.

The spokesman reaffirms Vietnam had completely withdrawn its troops from Cambodia by September 1989 and

has not sent any troops or weapons back to Cambodia

ever since."

JAPAN

Policy of Hiding Plutonium Transport Data Eyed

OW0412110892 Tokyo KYODO in English

1054 GMT4 Dec 92

[Text] Fukui, Dec. 4 KYODO—Japan may ease its

policy of hiding all information regarding the transport

of plutonium and other nuclear materials, a top nuclear

official indicated Friday.

Takao Ishiwatari, director of the quasi-governmental

Power Reactor and Nuclear Fuel Development Corp.,

made the suggestion in response to a reporter's question

on whether Japan will continue to hide all information

on the transport of plutonium.

"There will be some scope (of information that may be

disclosed) to respond to circumstances in tandem with

social conditions," Ishiwatari told a news conference.

"As an official in charge of overseeing the (plutonium)

shipment plan, I will have to consider the issue (on whether

to disclose some information on such shipments)," he said.

Japan has refused to reveal the navigation route of a

freighter carrying one ton of plutonium from an extraction plant in France.

The Science and Technology Agency issued a notification this spring instructing all autonomous bodies in

which nuclear installations are located not to reveal any

information on the route and timing of the transport of

nuclear material.

"It is the fact that the French authorities revealed the

information on the basis of their judgment," he said.

Ishiwatari is here to report to prefectural authorities that

his institution is rescheduling an operation plan of the

Monju Fast Breeder Reactor in Fukui due to a delay in

the manufacturing of plutonium-based nuclear fuel rods

for use in the breeder.

The plutonium now being carried by the freighter Akatsuki Maru is to be mixed with uranium in a plant in the

village of Tokai in Ibaraki to manufacture special fuel

rods, called "mixed oxide," to be placed inside the

Monju breeder.
JPRS-TND-92-047

18 December 1992 EAST ASIA

IAEA Meeting To Focus on Surplus Plutonium

Problem

OW0412053392 Tokyo KYODO in English

0434 GMT 4 Dec 92

[Text] Tokyo, Dec. 4 KYODO—The International

Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) will be seeking answers to

the problem of a worldwide surplus of plutonium at a

meeting in Vienna next week, Japanese Government

sources said Friday [4 December].

The IAEA meeting scheduled for Monday and Tuesday

is expected to discuss the growing surplus of the highly

toxic radioactive material prompted by the dismantling

of nuclear weapons with the end ofthe cold war era. The

gathering will also discuss policies to guard against

nuclear proliferation, the sources said.

According to preliminary calculations by the IAEA, there

will be a surplus of 110 tons of plutonium from peaceful

use alone by 2000, and with the dismantling of nuclear

weapons, the surplus is expected to exceed 200 tons.

The meeting is expected to discuss ways to stockpile and

manage the excess plutonium by individual countries

and also the creation of an international system of

control, which has been the topic of IAEA discussions

since the 1980's.

Agency Moves To Prevent Buildup of Excess

Plutonium

OW0612041392 Tokyo KYODO in English

0345 GMT 6 Dec 92

[Text] Tokyo, Dec. 6 KYODO—The Science and Technology Agency is planning to store temporarily used fuels

obtained from nuclear power plants to prevent a buildup

of excess plutonium, agency sources said Sunday [6

December].

The agency aims at cutting back the supply of plutonium

to be reprocessed from the used nuclear fuels, forecasting

that the nation's demand for plutonium is unlikely to

increase as much as had been expected in the coming

decades, the sources said. The agency expects the temporary storage will reduce operations at a nuclear fuel

reprocessing facility, planned for construction in the

village of Rokkasho, Aomori Prefecture, in northern

Japan. The plan is based on Japan's basic policy of not

possessing unnecessary plutonium, the sources said.

Under the agency's original plan, the plutonium supply

was expected to reach 85 tons by 2010, including 30 tons

enriched and shipped from Europe, and 55 tons reprocessed at domestic plants. The agency had expected the

supply to meet the demand for fuel, which was forecast

to be 30-40 tons at fast-breeder reactors, and 50 tons at

existing nuclear power plants. Some scientists doubt if

the existing nuclear plants can consume 50 tons of

plutonium because it costs more than uranium fuel.

The sources said it is wise to cut down the operations of

the Rokkasho plant, which can enrich 800 tons of used

nuclear fuel to produce about five tons of plutonium a

year. Reduced operations at Rokkasho, however, means

that used fuels from the nation's nuclear power plants

must be stored temporarily at some sites.

For the proposed sites, the agency is considering storing

the material in water pools and at warehouses at the

premises of the nuclear power plants, the sources said.

The agency has started investigating the safety and

economic aspects oftemporary storage both under water

and at warehouses.

The Rokkasho plant, to be constructed by Japan Nuclear

Fuel Co., also will have a radioactive waste storage

center, and temporary storage there is also possible, the

sources said. The entire facility of the Rokkasho plant

will not, however, become fully operational until after

the turn of the century.

New Technologies Studied for Nuclear Plants

OW0812095292 Tokyo KYODO in English

0903 GMT 8 Dec 92

[Text] Tokyo, Dec. 8 KYODO—Japan's electric power

companies are studying the possibility of building

nuclear power plants on less solid structures than commonly used bedrock, industry sources said Tuesday.

The sources said the industry, in an effort to solve the

difficult problem ofsecuring new sites for the unpopular

nuclear plants, is considering building facilities on the

sea, underground, or softer grounds than bedrock.

The idea received a government panel's backing at a

meeting last week, which said there is "a need to study

(such possibilities) from a medium-to long-term point of

view in order to widen the options of nuclear sites."

The Central Research Institute of the electric power

industry, a think tank participated in by Japan's nine

electricity firms, has already launched research concerning technologies needed to build nuclear plants on

such sites. A report on the ongoing research is scheduled

to be completed in three years.

The institute of energy economics, another privatesector think tank, released a report last spring on the

feasibility of underground plants as well as two other

possibilities.

Each of the three possibilities is considered "technologically feasible," especially on softer ground sites,

according to studies made thus far. Tokyo Electric Power

Co. and the Central Research Institute jointly built a

model for nuclear plants on softer grounds in Taiwan.

Problems remain, however, on whether the plants would

be economical and whether communities would accept

them, the sources said.
EAST ASIA

JPRS-TND-92-047

18 December 1992

Despite such hurdles, however, the industry sounds

optimistic, with one industry official saying, "I am

confident these new methods will become a reality in the

near future."

First Radioactive Waste Delivered to Storage Center

OW0812023892 Tokyo KYODO in English

0214 GMT 8 Dec 92

[Text] Rokkasho, Aomori Pref., Dec. 8 KYODO—

Japan's low-level radioactive waste storage center took

its first load of waste Tuesday—a shipment that arrived

by sea and road from a nuclear power plant in Ibaraki

Prefecture.

A spokesman for Japan Nuclear Fuel Ltd., operator of

the Rokkasho storage facility, said the waste was in 1,480

drums and came from a nuclear power plant run by the

state-run Power Reactor and Nuclear Fuel Development

Corp. at Tokai in Ibaraki Prefecture.

The drums were shipped from Tokai to Rokkasho in

northeastern Honshu via the nearby port of Mutsu

Ogawara.

Guarded by riot police, 12 trucks began ferrying the

200-liter drums from the port to the facility about nine

kilometers away. Placing the drums in storage will take

until late Wednesday, the spokesman said.

The storage facility is part ofthe Rokkasho Nuclear Fuel

Cycle Center, which has an already-operating uranium

enrichment plant and a fuel reprocessing plant to produce plutonium from spent nuclear fuel that is due to

start operating next March.

The facility has a current capacity to store 50,000 drums,

but ultimately will take about 60 years worth ofwaste, or

some 3 million drums, from domestic nuclear facilities.

The plan is to store the waste for about 300 years.

The nation's nuclear power plants currently hold about

480,000 barrels of waste.

The nuclear power industry plans to ship some 25,000 to

50,000 barrels to the facility each year.

The reinforced concrete facility is more than 10 meters

below ground in bedrock to make it hard for groundwater to seep in.

Completion of the 160 billion yen facility was delayed

for 18 months because of the need to redesign it to

ensure it would not contaminate groundwater.

Fishermen in the region have expressed concern about

the sea transportation of the waste as the route off

northeastern Honshu is the scene of frequent accidents,

particularly in spring and summer when the area is prone

to fog.

The specially equipped 4,053-ton transport ship Seiei

Maru will ferry up to 3,000 drums on each of more than

10 trips a year to bring waste from nuclear power

stations to the Mutsu Ogawara Port.

To guard against collisions, the ship has two radars and

is double hulled to prevent it from sinking.

In June, a Maritime Safety Agency vessel collided in

thick fog with a cargo ship off Hachinohe, about 50

kilometers south of Rokkasho.

In an area known for its high squid catch, the incident

prompted worries among the fishing fraternity about loss

ofsales because offears of contamination in the event of

an accident.

To add to the concern, high-level radioactive waste will

also be transported from 1995 on completion of a

high-level waste storage facility at the same center.

The Rokkasho facility is the first of its kind in Japan for

storing low-level radioactive waste such as cleaning

water and work clothes from domestic nuclear power

plants. The waste is set in concrete inside the drums.

It is the second fully operating facility at the center. The

uranium enrichment plant began commercial production in last March.

NORTH KOREA

IAEA Said To Uncover Concealed Nuclear Facilities

SK0112141092 Seoul KBS-1 Television Network

in Korean 1200 GMT 1 Dec 92

[Text] It has been revealed that North Korea has nuclear

facilities which have not been reported. The concealed

nuclear facilities were uncovered during the North

Korea inspections conducted by the International

Atomic Energy Agency [IAEA] on four occasions. North

Korea sent yesterday its minister of atomic energy

industry to IAEA Secretary General Hans Blix, to clarify

this. Reporter Cha Man-sun reports from Vienna:

[Begin reporter Cha Man-sun recording] Choe Hak-kun,

North Korean minister of atomic energy industry, O

Chang-nim, roving ambassador, and four others visited

IAEA Secretary General Hans Blix on the evening of 30

November and held talks for over two hours to discuss

North Korea's sincere implementation of nuclear agreement in the presence of the IAEA inspector in charge of

the North Korean nuclear inspections.

Photograph-taking was not allowed at the conference

room and the content ofthe talks was not made public at

all. According to specialists here, it is believed that

during the talks, the secretary general notified North

Korea ofthe new fact that North Korea has not reported

some nuclear facilities, which was unveiled as a result of

the inspections conducted on four occasions and urged it

to sincerely implement the nuclear agreement.
JPRS-TND-92-047

18 December 1992 EAST ASIA

According to these specialists, the IAEA attempted to

send the special inspection team to North Korea right

after the IAEA finished the fourth inspection of North

Korea last month. North Korea refused this and instead

a North Korean nuclear policy decision-maker met the

secretary general just before the board of governors

meeting for a report of the inspection results was convened. This proves the fact that North Korea has concealed nuclear facilities.

In the meantime, the IAEA will send the fifth tentative

inspection team to North Korea in the middle of this

month and will conduct more comprehensive inspections,

[end recording]

SKNDF Calls News Conference on N-Arms in South

SK0412005892 Pyongyang KCNA in English

1536 GMT 3 Dec 92

[Text] Pyongyang December 3 (KCNA)—The

Pyongyang mission ofthe National Democratic Front of

South Korea [SKNDF] (Hanminjon) called a press conference today on the nuclear arms development promoted by the South Korean authorities.

Present at the press conference were newspaper, news

agency and radio reporters in Pyongyang and foreign

correspondents here.

At the conference, Cho Il-min, chief ofthe mission, read

the "Open Letter on Nuclear Arms Development in

South Korea" issued by the Hanminjon Central Committee on Nov. 16.

He told reporters that the open letter clearly proved the

falsity of the "Declaration on Denuclearization" made

by No Tae-u in November last year.

South Korea where 1,700 U.S. nuclear weapons are

deployed has turned into a terrible nuclear arsenal under

the South Korean authorities' anti-peace policy of

nuclear arms development, he said.

Hanminjon hopes that the South Korean people and

progressive conscience of th world cherishing peace and

reunification will seriously consider South Korea's

nuclear armament, build up public opinion against it

and join in the struggle to check and frustrate it, he

stressed.

He answered questions put by reporters.

Renewal of Russian Nuclear Technology Aid Sought

SK3011130592 Seoul YONHAP in English

1245 GMT 30 Nov 92

[Text] Seoul, Nov. 30 (YONHAP)—North Korea has

recently asked Russia for the renewal of atomic energy

technology assistance which has been suspended in the

wake of the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Radio

Moscow reported over the weekend.

According to the NAEWOE PRESS, Russia's first

Atomic Energy Vice Minister V.F. Konovalov, now in

Tokyo attending a Japan-Russia nuclear meeting, disclosed this in an interview with the ITAR-TASS news

agency Saturday.

The Radio Moscow quoted the Russian official as saying

he believes renewed technical cooperation would be

possible between his country and North Korea on atomic

power plant.

Konovalov said, however, if Russia-North Korea cooperation were to be resumed, Russia should ensure commercial feasibility while North Korea should first respect

all regulations of the International Atomic Energy

Agency (IAEA).

If these conditions were met, he said, Russia could

extend technical assistance in the construction ofseveral

atomic power plants in North Korea, NAEWOE said.

Under a 1985 agreement, the former Soviet Union was

to assist in the construction of a 1.7-million-kw atomic

power plant with four atomic reactors in Sinpo along the

east coast of North Korea.

An advance survey of the area was made before the

project was suspended due to the fall of the Soviet

Union.

New Nuclear Facilities Reportedly Built

SK0112141992 Moscow Radio Moscow in Korean

1200 GMT 1 Dec 92

[Text] According to ROK intelligence sources on 1

December, new nuclear facilities are being built in North

Korea. An AP news agency reporter said that the ROK

has some photos taken by U.S. intelligence satellite on

nuclear facilities in North Korea. The photos clearly

show that the facilities exists in an area near the largescale (?general nuclear facility) of North Korea. These

photos also clearly show the unrevealed constructions.

This area is located in the North, 100 km from Pyongyang.

SOUTH KOREA

IAEA Nuclear Research Cooperation To Be Extended

SK0412091792 Seoul YONHAP in English

0644 GMT 4 Dec 92

[Excerpts] Seoul, Dec. 4 (YONHAP)—South Korea is to

inform the Philippine Government Dec. 11 that it

accepts the general regulations ofthe Asia-Pacific Postal

Union and the Asia-Pacific Postal Convention, the Foreign Ministry said Friday, [passage omitted]

On Friday, the government submitted a document to the

director-general of International Atomic Energy Agency
EAST ASIA

JPRS-TND-92-047

18 December 1992

[IAEA] accepting the extension of the regional cooperative agreement for research, development and training

related to nuclear science and technology, 1987.

The agreement covers mutually cooperative projects,

including research, development and training in the

peaceful use of nuclear power among member countries

in the region.

Envoy to Vienna on Future Nuclear Inspections

SK0412135892 Seoul KBS-1 Television Network

in Korean 1235 GMT 4 Dec 92

[By Cha Man-sun in Vienna]

[Text] The report on the implementation of the inspection of North Korea's nuclear facilities, which was submitted by the International Atomic Energy Agency

[IAEA] Secretary General to the Board of Governors,

suggests on several occasions that nuclear-related facilities that were not originally disclosed, were discovered.

In particular, it contains a strong will that rather than

making these facilities open to the public, thorough

inspection will be carried out on suspicious facilities.

What supports this is the fact thatthe IAEA will dispatch

its fifth investigation team to North Korea soon; it plans

to separately dispatch an IAEA high-ranking official for

the inspection of the unreported bases. Moreover, the

media has much interest in the results of the nuclear

inspection in North Korea but Hans Blix said that he will

adhere to the principle of holding the inspection behind

closed doors.

Secretary General Hans Blix also said that he discussed

in detail the results of four different inspections with

North Korea's Nuclear Industry Minister Choe Hakkun, and said that these talks will aid chances for

upcoming inspections. It is interpreted that this is an

important part that suggests that a vulnerable point has

been found concerning the suspicions of North Korea's

nuclear development.

[Video then shows ROK envoy to Vienna Yi Si-yong]

[Begin recording] North Korea, through the minister of

nuclear industry, has shown a very positive response.

Therefore, we believe there is the possibility for more

nuclear inspections in the future, [end recording]

In the Board of Governors meeting, some 20 member

countries including the ROK said that the nuclear

inspection, which North Korea is calling for, and the

issue of the Team Spirit exercise are two separate matters and that the international agreement should be

implemented without fail. They also urged that North

Korea respond to an early South-North mutual inspection to enhance trust to achieve the denuclearization of

the Korean peninsula.

Proposed JNCC Meeting Hints at Policy Changes

SK0212074592 Seoul CHUNGANG ILBO in Korean

2 Dec 92 p 2

[Text] Choe U-chin, chairman of the North side to the

North-South Joint Nuclear Control Committee [JNCC],

sent a telephone message to Kong No-myong, the South

side's chairman, on 1 December. He proposed in the

message the holding of the 12th JNCC meeting on 8

December at the House of Peace in the southern portion

of Panmunjom.

Meanwhile, at the 11th meeting held on 27 November,

the North side said that it could not attend any NorthSouth dialogue, including JNCC meetings, unless the

South side announced by the end of November that it

would suspend the Team Spirit exercise. It also rejected

the South side's proposal that the 12th meeting be held

on 10 December.

The North side proposed holding the 12th JNCC

meeting even though the South side did not notify the

North by the end ofNovember that it would suspend the

Team Spirit exercise. This means that there is a possibility that in connection with a Supreme People's

Assembly meeting scheduled for 11 November, North

Korea may change its nuclear policy and its policy

toward the South. This possibility is noteworthy.

In view of the on-going election campaign in South

Korea, North Korea's decision can also be interpreted as

a ploy to maintain a dialogue channel to continue its

smear campaign regarding the Team Spirit exercise.

North's Nuclear Arms Production Capability Eyed

SK0512032092 Seoul YONHAP in English

0304 GMT 5 Dec 92

[Text] Vienna, Dec. 5 (YONHAP)—International concern over North Korea's ability to produce nuclear

weapons heightened following a published report that it

was able to make more than 200 kilograms of plutonium

a year in the 1970's.

Contrary to a general belief, the bulletin of the atomic

scientists said recently, North Korea was already capable

of producing 200 kg to 260 kg of weapons-grade plutonium a year in the mid-1970s and 200 kg of plutonium

could make about 30 "small-sized" atomic bombs.

In a special article on North Korea's plutonium production, the bulletin said North Korea reported to the

Internatinal Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) that it

extracted "gram-unit" plutonium for the first time in

March 1990.

The bulletin said that North Korea was in fact able to

extract laboratory size plutonium in "hot cell," located

in Pyongyang, in the 1970's. The bulletin of the atomic

scientists is a U.S. publication often quoted by U.S. and

German Government officials as well as IAEA experts.
JPRS-TND-92-047

18 December 1992 EAST ASIA

North Korea is insisting that plutonium it extracted in 1990

was from the damaged nuclear fuel used in the 5-megawatt

experimental reactor in Yongbyon, north of Pyongyang.

But IAEA experts point out that North Korea is currently capable of processing much larger amounts of

nuclear material than it is actually reporting to the IAEA

at the radioactive chemistry laboratory in Yongbyon, the

bulletin said.

The experimental reactor in Yongbyon could produce? 4

kg to 7 kg of plutonium a year since 1985 but North

Korea reported that it could not produce that much

because of operational problems.

In order to confirm the report, the IAEA wanted to obtain

samples of North Korean nuclear fuel but North Korea

said it could not exchange nuclear fuel until early 1993.

Thus the IAEA was forced to wait until North Korea is

ready to provide it with the sample, the bulletin said.
10 EAST ASIA

JPRS-TND-92-047

18 December 1992

BULGARIA CZECHOLSLOVAKIA

Technologist Comments on Kozloduy N-Plant Safety

AU0512160392 Sofia BULGARSKA ARMIYA

in Bulgarian 30 Nov 92 p 1

[Interview with Georgi Nedyalkov, a technologist specializing in nuclear safety systems and testing of metal

structures, by Luchezar Lozanov; place and date not

given: "Overplayed Concern for Nuclear Plant Safety

Makes Us a Tasty Dish for the Foreigners"]

[Text] The reconstructed No. 2 Reactor Unit at the

Kozloduy Nuclear Power Plant is due to be started up at

the end of the year. I asked Georgi Nedyalkov to

comment on the justified public concern:

[Nedyalkov] Almost all the pressurized systems in our

plant are considerably overdimensioned in their design,

as compared with their Western counterparts. A Belgian

specialist told me about a specific problem. A pipeline at

their nuclear plant that carried superheated steam from

the reactor to the turbine was corroding very quickly, so

the Belgians replaced it with pipes made of chromemolybdenum steel, one meter ofwhich cost as much as a

Mercedes. At our plant these pressurized structures are

made from 20-percent chrome alloy steel. This design

solution is much more reliable. Similar comparisons can

be made regarding the construction ofthe actual reactor

bodies: A considerable amount of metal is used, and the

wall thicknesses are greatly overdimensioned because in

many cases the aim is not to achieve economic savings,

but to guarantee security.

According to the specialists, the Nos. 1 and 2 Units at the

Kozloduy Nuclear Power Plant are among the safest in

the world in this respect. Here, I am not referring to the

electronics systems, which are far more efficient in

Western countries. The refitting of some of the reactor

units at the Kozloduy Nuclear Plant and the provision of

300-percent protection as against the previous 200 percent is being carried out with the assistance of international experts, a international consortium, and international organizations. Problems with safety standards still

exist, but they are not ofsuch a nature as to pose a danger

to the lives of people living near the plant.

The hysterical tone of certain ecology campaigners and

items written by foreign journalists coincide in time with

the market interests of the West European manufacturers. Here is an example. When one of the Kozloduy

units was shut down due to a pump defect, the furor

raised in the press led to the cost of the pump rising

within a few days from $24,000 to $540,000. Many more

things still have to be done to ensure exemplary safety,

but most ofthem cost money, and a lot ofmoney at that.

Accordingly, one should not forget that excessive hysteria may make huge holes in our exhausted state budget

that have nothing to do with our national interests,

because for the moment we have no alternative but to

keep our nuclear power plant.

Red Mercury Deals in Russia Described

AU0312172992 Bratislava NARODNA OBRODA

in Slovak 28 Nov 92 p 12

[Unattributed report: "He Bought Red Mercury"]

[Text] The customs officer at the Ruzyne airport said

good evening and waved his hand at me. I took my bag

and entered the airport hall. At the bottom of my case,

among the exposed films and cameras, there were several

vials containing a sample ofthe material whose chemical

formula is Hg2Sb207. Red mercury [preceding word

published in English] has become famous from the

Mosnov airport affair. I have smuggled a strategic material used, according to the British physicist Barnaby, for

the production ofsmall nuclear bombs in Saddam's Iraq,

Iran, Algeria, probably Israel, and Qadhdhafi's Libya.

This is what M. Mrnka writes in PROSTOR no. 199. As

M. Beran from the Central Analytical Laboratory of the

Nuclear Research Institute in Rez says, this is a material

whose discovery can be compared to that of hightemperature superconductivity. Instead of nuclear

bombs, which he thinks improbable, the material is used,

in his opinion, in infrared military lasers.

Six months of lasting efforts were not in vain. As a

businessman from an anonymous Czech firm, a firm who

is interested in buying a container of red mercury, that is

70 kilograms of red mercury, I had success. In one case I

almost ended up in concluding a contract for more than

half a million dollars. The authenticity of the imported

samples was confirmed in an affidavit sent by fax from the

Institute of Nuclear Research in Rez. The chemical name

ofthe said material is mercuric-antimony oxide [kyslicnik

ortutnato-antimnicny]. According to available information, this is a first case ever in which a reporter succeeded

in buying red mercury.

The PROSTOR editorial staff bought the sample of the

mysterious red mercury for $560 in Vladivostok. The

price for a kilogram is between $5,000 and $70,000 on

the Russian black market, depending on the type of red

mercury, whether it has a certificate of chemical and

physical analysis or not. In Czechoslovakia, its price

rises up to $250,000 and, according to THE SUNDAY

TIMES, it is sold for up to 1,000,000 pounds in Britain.

Red mercury appears in two basic forms on the market.

Contrary to general opinion, it is not radioactive. It is

impossible to rule out the possibility that has been is

used as a cooling liquid in small nuclear reactors, where

it may have been under strong radiation. The two forms

are: brown powder of a steel-like color, and red liquid.

According to our Russian informers, this mercury is

being produced in a closed—closed even today—

super-secret Siberian town, Krasnoyarsk 25, from which

Russian nuclear bombs of classical construction also

come. Nonradioactive Hg2Sb204 is produced in limited

quantity also in some research institutes, for instance, in
JPRS-TND-92-047

18 December 1992 EAST ASIA 11

Novosibirsk. From these sources, Russian enterprises

can buy it for a ridiculous price in rubles. Records are

kept; however, a license is necessary to export it abroad.

It is a complicated matter to acquire this license. "The

system is simple," one ofthe red mercury dealers said. "I

buy a certain quantity, and then I let my warehouse burn

down, and report it officially. By that time, the shipment

is safely across the border.

HUNGARY

Tripartite Talks Continue on Nuclear Fuel Storage

AU0612175892 Budapest NEPSZABADSAG

in Hungarian 1 Dec 92 p 5

[Unattributed report: "No Danger of Radiation at

Paks"]

[Text] The tripartite Hungarian-Russian-Ukrainian talks

are continuing on returning the spent fuel elements of

the Paks Nuclear Power Station to Russia. If Ukraine

does not give a transit permit and the Russians do not

receive any more deliveries, then temporary storage has

to be created at Paks, otherwise some units would have

to be stopped in three years' time. Journalists were

informed on this after the Monday [30 November]

session of the National Nuclear Energy Committee.

The annually 500 spent fuel elements could be placed in

the current storage area until 1995. The implementation

of the construction that is currently in the preparation

stage can begin in 1994. According to the plans, a central

building and a storage space suitable for holding the

spent elements of six years of production would be

created for 1.7 billion forints. The first unit ofthis could

begin to be filled as early as 1995.

The committee dealt with the 10-year radiation protection inspection of the Paks Nuclear Power Station. On

the basis of this, it can be established that in the

immediate area and in a 30-kilometer radius area of the

power station, the amount ofradioactive gases or liquids

is extremely small; it is only a small proportion of the

background values and is less than the world average of

nuclear power stations that operate with a similar

reactor. This amount is so small that it can only be

measured at the point of emission—for example, in the

ventilation smokestack or the water outlet—but it

cannot be traced in the environment where it is diluted.

The radioactivity received by the population is onethousandth of the permitted limit and onetenthousandth of the natural environmental radiation.

The committee discussed and accepted a proposal to

establish a national environmental radiation protection

control system. This integrated system would implement

a coordinated control program with a unified data basis

and computer processing, under the coordination of the

National Radiation Biology and Radiation Hygiene

Institute.

The meeting also discussed the environmental effects of

uranium mining and environmental tasks.

Research Reactor Refurbished, Ready To Start Up

AU0112133892 Budapest NEPSZABADSAG

in Hungarian 25 Nov 92 p 16

[Report by Istvan Palugyai: "Csilleberc Before Start—

Security Is Paramount"]

[Text] On 2 December, there will be an open forum at

the Central Physics Research Institute [KFKI] on the

starting of the experimental nuclear reactor. What will

the experts talk about? What is the purpose of this

establishment? Although even in 1992, it was written

that there is a secret surrounding it, since its original

implementation in 1959, it has often opened its doors to

the public, while it operated.

In 1986, a large overhaul began, in the course of which

most of the 30-year-old outdated equipment was

replaced. As we were informed by Janos Gado, director

of the Atomic Energy Research Institute, in the more

modern and more secure reactor, the equipment of the

whole primary and secondary circuits has been replaced

by new equipment, just as the used pipelines, and a new

neutron-supply unit, a "beryillium-reflector," has been

fitted. As a result of all this, the five-megawatt performance has increased to 10 megawatts.

The 1-billion forint investment that was completed with

the help of the International Atomic Energy Agency

[IAEA], was finished two years ago, but the reactor is still

not working. This equipment is almost indispensable for

research into material structure and solid physics, for

producing medical and industrial isotopes, and for all

kinds of experiments using neutrons. As many old

research reactors have been closed down abroad in

recent years, a considerable domestic and foreign

interest has already been shown toward the services of

the equipment at Csilleberc [Budapest] which is seen to

be at a good medium level in international comparison.

On the basis of its technical qualities, this reactor could

be a basis for the physicists of the Central European

region, in addition to the synchrotron in Trieste. It could

be specially useful in producing medical isotopes because

there have been constant problems with the supply of

radiating materials used in various examinations.

However useful and modern a nuclear reactor is, even if

it is for research and is small, nuclear safety is still a

central issue.

"We built in a new security protection logic at Csilleberc," Janos Gado emphasized. It is a so-called "integrated [beegetett] software" designed by us, which is

much more reliable than the previous one.

The isolation of the reactor building has also been

increased so that no harmful radiation can get to the

outside air in an uncontrolled way. The secondary circuit
12 EAST ASIA

JPRS-TND-92-047

18 December 1992

has also been turned into a closed system, which also

increases safety. In the research reactor, the water circulates at atmospheric pressure at 60 to 65 degrees, which

is much safer than the high-pressure versions.

The storage of the burnt-out fuel elements is the other

delicate point of the system that is supervised by the

IAEA. This is usually done by the 500 research reactors

themselves that have so far been built in the world

because these are only small amounts (the waste at

Csilleberc is only a few thousandths of the amount

produced by Paks nuclear power station.) The KFKI also

set up storage on its territory, and this has now been

extended. This is in accordance with the safety regulations and is able to receive the fuel elements for five

years. In the meantime, there are talks on returning the

active elements to Russia, although, in the case of

research reactors, the producing country has never

before taken into consideration the requirements of any

of the partners.

The licensing procedure to start the reactor was also

carried out according to international regulations. For

the time being, it has fuel sufficient for four years.

It is part of the plans that an international scientific

council may be set up to coordinate future research, and

the production of isotopes would be supervised by the

Isotope Institute.

That is, ifthis is ever given a green light. Referring to the

worries of the people living in the neighborhood, Gado

certainly puts us at ease.

"We would like to improve people's image ofthe reactor

by regular monthly visits."

We will soon find out whether they will succeed in this.

The reactor is ready for start.
JPRS-TND-92-047

18 December 1992 NEAR EAST & SOUTH ASIA 13

EGYPT

U.S. 'Pressure' on Signing CW Treaty Viewed

NC3011120592 Cairo AL-SHA'B in Arabic 24 Nov 92p 1

[Report by 'Abd-al-Sattar Abu-Husayn: "U.S. Pressure

on Egypt To Sign Treaty on Chemical Weapons"]

[Text] AL-SHA'B has learned that the United States

recently put intense pressure on Egypt to force it to sign

the treaty banning the proliferation of chemical

weapons, which is scheduled to be endorsed by the UN

early next year.

Sources say the U.S. pressure followed Egyptian activity

on the Arab level that sought to draft a unified Arab

stand linking the Arab states' signing of this treaty with

Israel's agreement to establish a zone free of mass

destruction weapons and sign the treaty for the nonproliferation of nuclear weapons. Israel's signature on this

treaty would place its nuclear installation under international inspection. The U.S. Administration has dispatched the U.S. assistant secretary of state for defense

affairs to Cairo to persuade officials to sign this treaty,

claiming that such a step would create what he called the

atmosphere of confidence necessary for making the

current negotiations succeed. The U.S. official stressed

that Israel will sign the treaty to encourage the Arab

states to follow suit.

The same sources added that there are increasing fears of

several Arab states signing the treaty, so depriving the

Arabs of an element of pressure on Israel, compelling it

to subject its nuclear installations to inspection and

destroy its arsenal of nuclear weapons. The sources

added that the U.S. Administration sets out the Arab

states' signature on this treaty as a condition for it to

exercise a more effective role in the so-called peace

process, as the U.S. official claimed.

During his recent talks in Cairo last week, Israeli Foreign

Minister Shim'on Peres refused any talk of raising the

issue of Israel's nuclear arsenal in the current talks.

Electricity Minister Says Uranium Ore Discovered

NC0412110192 Cairo MENA in Arabic

0951 GMT 4 Dec 92

[Excerpt] Cairo, 4 Dec (MENA)—Minister of Electricity

and Energy engineer Mahir Abazah has said that uranium ore has been discovered in four sites in Egypt—

Jabal Jibtar [place-name as received] in al-Ghardaqah,

the al-Massakat al-'Arabiyah [place-name as received]

area between Safaja and Qina, the southeast of Aswan,

and the Abu Zanimah area in southern Sinai. In an

exclusive statement to the Cairo newspaper AL-MASA',

he said that the discovered quantities are sufficient to

meet the needs of the Egyptian nuclear program for

peaceful purposes for a long time. He said that these sites

are being developed for maximum use.

Abazah said that legislative rules governing nuclear

activities will be prepared to protect man and environment from any dangers that might result from the use of

nuclear energy, [passage omitted]

INDIA

U.S. Blamed for Pakistan's Nuclear Capability

BK0512114192 Delhi All India Radio General Overseas

Service in English 1010 GMT 5 Dec 92

[Commentary by Virendra Mohan Trehan: "Pakistan's

Nuclear Program"]

[Text] The revelation of the American TV network that

Pakistan has built at least seven nuclear weapons, each of

the size ofthe bomb that destroyed Hiroshima, and that

Pakistan was going to use the bombs last year in February when India was busy in a military exercise may be

embarrassing for some but is surprising to none. The

timing of the disclosure is a trap being laid on India to

sign NPT [Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty] without

getting it modified to make it universal in character. It

also provokes the policymakers to see the writings on the

wall and come down from the idealistic and moral

approach in dealing with the security of the nation. It

should also be a cause of concern for all those who look

for a nuclear-free world.

After six months of investigation, the American TV

network finds out that Pakistan has at least seven nuclear

weapons ofthe size which destroyed Hiroshima and that

the Pakistani military built its arsenal with help from the

USA and other Western countries, using a lot of deceit.

Through CIA Senator Larry Pressler knew how far

Pakistanis have come, that is, Pakistan has the capability

within a matter of hour to have a bomb in an airplane

and flying it somewhere and dropping it. It means when

President Bush was putting pressure on India to sign the

NPT, the U.S. Commerce Department was acting as

procurement agent for Pakistan. Pakistan agents were

having a field day getting whatever they wanted in the

USA and Western Europe. Commerce Department was

letting Pakistan buy weapons technology by the tens of

millions of dollars. It may be a big Pakistani scam for

Senator John Glenn and Senator Pressler but not for

President Bush.

The revelation also proves what India has been telling

the U.S. and the world all along. Pakistan has been

throughout playing double game, manufacturing nuclear

bombs for its arsenal and getting India bound not to

manufacture a nuclear device under the garb of one

proposal or the other. Senator Pressler has echoed the

feelings of many of his countrymen when he told American TV network, I quote, I wish we had more of aid cuts

to Pakistan, unquote.
14 NEAR EAST & SOUTH ASIA

JPRS-TND-92-047

18 December 1992

Regrettably, a nuclear Pakistan is Washington's own

creation. Had the U.S. spent even a tenth ofthe energy it

has spent trying to put India in a dock over NPT by

putting embargoes, it might have stopped Pakistan from

getting hold of nuclear detonator. Can USA even now

stop Pakistan from selling them to Iran and other fundamentalist Muslim regimes? Will President-elect Bill

Clinton force Pakistan to destroy its nuclear arsenal? It

puts at stake the sincerity ofthe U.S. in seeing the world

free of nuclear and chemical weapons. In fact, it is only

the USA that supplied to Pakistan ultra sophisticated

computers, oscilloscopes, and other critical equipment.

The U.S. double standard has become fairly clear.

The timing of the disclosure of Pakistan nuclear capability is also meaningful. In fact, Director of CIA Robert

Gates had made this information public a year ago. Just

over two months ago, a study by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute had said that Pakistan is

having enough enriched uranium to make about a dozen

bombs. Even on two occasions, Pakistan had openly

admitted possession of the bombs during Operation

Brasstacks in 1986 to an Indian journalist Kuldip

Nayyar and in February this year when Kashmir was

boiling and Pakistan was apprehending retaliatory reaction from India. This had made Robert Gates to come to

India and Pakistan on a peacekeeping mission. It has

now been made known again after Bill Clinton has made

nuclear nonproliferation one of his major foreign policy

goals.

It is the time Narasimha Rao government to make the

country go nuclear to counter the threat posed by Pakistan

before the USA, other Western countries, and Russia put

pressure on India, [sentence as heard] Any delay on India's

part in procuring a nuclear weapon could prove counterproductive for the country's defense preparedness. India

could also consider destroying Pakistan's nuclear capability as one of the options to meet the threat if the USA

fails in its duty in destroying the same. The world opinion

must be mobilized against Pakistan through diplomatic

and other channels. Pakistan has always regarded India as

its enemy and now she is emboldened by the enlargement

of so-called Economic Cooperation Organization which

hitherto comprised Pakistan, Iran, and Turkey and has

far-reaching implications.

Editorial Urges Government To 'Go Nuclear'

BK2311050792 Bombay NAVBHARAT TIMES

in Hindi 14 Nov 92 p 4

[Editorial: "India and Bomb"]

[Text] The United States once again tried to get India to

sign the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty [NPT] during

the recent India-U.S. official-level talks in Washington.

The United States has of late put forward many proposals in this context, but it did not receive a favorable

response from India. India is of the view that the NPT

should not be looked at from a regional angle, but be

viewed on a global-level. A prominent U.S. analyst

recently suggested that if the United States promises

nuclear cover to India, it should then sign the treaty. But

the question arises as to why should the United States

agree to such a condition. If it provides security cover to

India, it will have to give a similar facility to Pakistan. Of

Pakistan's nuclear capability, it is being admitted today

that it is on the threshold of making a nuclear bomb.

There is, however, no guarantee that Pakistan will admit

to possessing the bomb even after making one.

One lobby in India has been consistently advocating that

we should go nuclear. All the nuclear powers in the world

had signed the NPT only after making the bomb. The

current treaty expires in 1995. The international equation has changed since the end of the cold war. It is

obvious that the new treaty will be different in nature,

but India could not be forced to sign it. So, it will be

proper for India not only to make the bomb right away,

but formally declare to having done so because only the

powerful are in a position to force agreements in their

favor. Any bargaining from this position ofstrength will

definitely be in India's favor. India has already successfully tested the medium-range missile system and the

West recognizes that India has the capability of targetting medium range missiles with nuclear warheads.

Eveybody knows that in spite of the 1974 Pokharan

nuclear test, India has not declared its intention of

making the bomb. It has been insisting that its nuclear

program is only for peaceful purposes. Even then, the

West suspects that India might have manufactured the

bomb. Why should we not come forward and declare

that we are manufacturing the bomb? If we are expected

to make a renunciation after acquiring the bomb, we

have the right to expect the same renunciation from

others as well.

IRAN

German Intelligence Says Iran Building Nuclear

Bomb

AU0712102792 Hamburg WELT AM SONNTAG

in German 6 Dec 92 p 26

[Report by Michael J. Inacker: "Federal Intelligence

Service: Iran Deceives International Atomic Energy

Organization and Works at Atom Bomb"]

[Text] Hamburg—Concerns in the West about an

"Islamic" atom bomb are increasing. According to

German intelligence service information obtained by

DIE WELT, a number of facilities are currently being

built in Iran that will allow the country to develop and

produce an Iranian nuclear weapon.

According to information of the Federal Intelligence

Service (BND), which was summarized by the

Bundeswehr Office of Military Intelligence in a confidential paper in September, Iran has "energetically

worked at setting up nuclear research facilities" since
JPRS-TND-92-047

18 December 1992 NEAR EAST & SOUTH ASIA 15

1983. The objective is "to have a good command ofthe

entire nuclear fuel cycle and thus the ability to produce

nuclear warheads."

According to the German intelligence analysis, the

"facilities that have been built so far and the equipment

and materials procured" above all from China, but also

from some European countries, "are indispensable for

the production of nuclear weapons." The facts "cannot

leave any doubt about Iran's intention to produce

nuclear weapons."

Research is currently being done in five centers, the

largest of which is the Isfahan nuclear research center.

The PRC in particular has been involved in the expansion of this center since 1985. Its tasks include reactor

technology, the nuclear fuel cycle, uranium enrichment,

and uranium reprocessing. According to the BND paper,

Isfahan will "in the future be Iran's most significant

nuclear research facility." It must be assumed that

"under the cloak of peaceful nuclear research, militarily

oriented work is also carried out in this intricate large

complex."

According to the same information, Iran also intends to

build two nuclear power plants. In Gorgan on the Caspian Sea, a power plant with two reactors of the most

modern Russian WER 440 type will be set up in

cooperation with the CIS. CIS experts reportedly have

already examined the site. Even though, according to

Western information, geologists would prefer to set up

the plant elsewhere "because of the danger of earthquakes there," Iran insists on the proximity to the

Islamic republics of the CIS.

The second power plant will be built in Darkhovin in

southwestern Iran with Chinese help. Pakistan also

intends to have the Chinese build a power plant of the

same type. According to Western information, Iran has

already agreed on "nuclear cooperation" with Pakistan,

which is a nuclear threshold country.

It is true that "owing to their technical construction," the

nuclear power plants would not be suitable for the

production of weapons-grade plutonium. But as civilian

nuclear facilities they can be "used as an alibi for other

nuclear technical activities that in reality serve military

purposes."

The German intelligence services see this alibi function

confirmed by the fact that Iran intends to cover up its

military nuclear ambitions by means of "disinformation,

insufficient reports, too briefinspection periods, and the

refusal to give access to certain buildings" for inspections by the International Atomic Energy Organization.

In view of the continuing proliferation of mass destruction weapons, Fritz Wittmann (Christian Social Union),

chairman of the Bundestag Defense Committee,

demanded thatthe Federal Government finally present a

conclusive foreign and security policy concept.

Rafsanjani Visit to 'Secret' Nuclear Center Eyed

NC0312203992 Tehran JAHAN-E ESLAM in Persian

29Nov92p 1

[Text] The Mojahedin-e Khalq Organization [MKO], an

Iranian opposition group, disseminated a statement in

Cologne that Iranian President 'Ali Akbar HashemiRafsanjani visited a secret nuclear research center in

Yazd Province on Saturday.

The official Iranian news agency, IRNA, had announced

that Hashemi-Rafsanjani and some accompanying ministers had inspected a desertification project to check on

its progress.

The MKO added: Tehran radio reported that the deputy

chief ofthe Iranian Atomic Energy Organization accompanied Hashemi-Rafsanjani during this visit.

The MKO stated: The Islamic Revolution Guards Corps

administer one of the largest secret nuclear research

centers in the country, located underground near Yazd.

According to this report, the project was begun in 1990.

PAKISTAN

Thermal Power Station Agreement Signed With PRC

BK3011093692 Islamabad Radio Pakistan Network

in Urdu 0200 GMT 30 Nov 92

[Text] Pakistan and China have signed an agreement on

cooperation in the field of thermal power production in

Pakistan. Pakistan Federal Minister of Production Islam

Nabi and China's Minister of Machinery Guagyuan

signed the agreement in Beijing. Under the agreement

China will provide assistance to Pakistan in meeting its

energy requirements. Both countries agreed to cooperate

in setting up a thermal power station in Pakistan on the

basis ofjoint investment and joint production.

The Chinese minister said that this is a significant

agreement which reflects the development of cooperation in the fields of economic and technical progress.

Exchange of Nuclear Technology Sought With PRC

93WP0034A Lahore NA WA-I-WAQT in Urdu

12 Nov 92 P 3

[Text] Lahore, News Report; Commerce Reporter: Sirtaj

Aziz, federal minister of the Treasury, will leave for

China on 16 November where he will discuss the important topics of increasing cooperation between Pakistan

and China and exchanging nuclear technology; he will be

accompanied by Mohammad Ishaq Dar, vice chairman

of the Pakistan Investment Board and other officials.

The federal minister of the Treasury will participate in

the meeting of the joint economic committee in China

where measures to promote bilateral trade between the

two countries will be discussed as well as matters relating
16 NEAR EAST & SOUTH ASIA

JPRS-TND-92-047

18 December 1992

to the visit to Pakistan of Chinese industrialists and

businessmen. According to reports, during the meeting,

various suggestions regarding an increased Chinese participation in the Chashma nuclear plant will be considered. In the meeting, Pakistan will push forward the

ongoing negotiations regarding the acquisition of additional nuclear power plants of similar capacity.

Chinese Military Delegation Arrives for Visit

BK0612162892 Hong Kong AFP in English

1606 GMT 6 Dec 92

[Text] Islamabad, Dec 6 (AFP)—A five-member Chinese

military delegation headed by Major General Yang Guo

Ping arrived here Sunday, officials said.

During its 10-day stay in Pakistan the delegation will

visit training institutions at Rawalpindi, Abbottabad,

Peshawar and Lahore and discuss matters of mutual

interest with senior Pakistan Army officers, they said.

The official Associated Press of Pakistan news agency

said the visit would provide an "opportunity to further

consolidate existing friendly relations between armies of

two countries."

The visit follows a controversy surrounding the reported

sale of M-ll Chinese missile to Pakistan allegedly

capable of carrying nuclear warheads.

Zaki Discusses Arms Control With British Official

BK0412103692 Islamabad Radio Pakistan Network

in Urdu 0200 GMT 4 Dec 92

[Text] Akram Zaki, the secretary general of foreign

affairs, and the visiting assistant under secretary ofstate

in the British Foreign Office met in Islamabad yesterday

and discussed matters relating to arms control and

international security in the post-cold war era. Akram

Zaki reaffirmed Pakistan's policy of respect for international law and explained Islamabad's efforts to promote

international peace and security. He stressed the need for

a regional regime to control arms and the spread of

nuclear weapons in South Asia—a regime that has

proved effective in Europe. The foreign secretary general

apprised the British assistant under secretary of state of

Pakistan's nuclear policy and its efforts for nuclear

nonproliferation in South Asia.

Foreign Office Denies Reports of 7 Nuclear Bombs

BK0312162492 Islamabad Radio Pakistan Network

in English 1600 GMT 3 Dec 92

[Text] In Islamabad today, a Foreign Office spokesman

categorically denied that Pakistan possessed seven

atomic bombs, as alleged in the statements attributed to

U.S. Senator Pressler. The spokesman added that the

senator's remarks should be viewed against the backdrop

of the increasing criticism of his amendment which has

been recognized as a bad law since it is (?country)-

specific and blatantly discriminatory.

Defense Minister Notes Denial

BK0712100192 Islamabad THE NATION in English

7 Dec 92 p 12

[Text] Karachi—Defence Minister Ghaus Ali Shah has

said that US Congressman Pressler was in the wrong

about Pakistan possessing seven atomic bombs.

He said that Pakistan has been endeavouring to assure

the West, particularly the U.S., that its nuclear programme was for peaceful purposes as "we do not desire

to possess or develop any weapon of mass destruction.

"Pakistan is prepared to sign NPT [provided India does

so and has proffered the five-nation proposal to keep

South Asia a nuclear free zone, he asserted.

He was talking to THE NATION here on Sunday when

he called on Mr Majid Nizaml.

Syed Ghaus Ali Shah said: "Our position on Nuclear

Programme is very clear and the level of our achievement is only for peaceful purpose. To a question, the

Defence Minister said there were cordial relations

between the government and the Army. The Army is a

national institution, which strongly believes that democracy is the best political system for the country, he

added. To another question, he said there was no proposal whatsoever to accord the Army a constitutional

role in the national polity. When he was asked whether

there was any chance of dialogues between the government and Opposition, the Defence Minister responded

thast "negotiating" is always the best solution of the

political issues and added that the government has

always said that street demonstrations would solve

nothing rather weaken and hinder the democratic process. The only way to solve the political issues is to sit

together and discuss things amicably, he said. He said

that the prime minister wrote a letter to opposition

leader. Ms Benazir Bhutto but her reply was not positive

and contained some unacceptable pre-conditions. He

said the doors ofthe government are always open for the

dialogue with the opposition.

To another question, Syed Ghoaus Ali Shah said that the

PDA [Pakistan Democratic Alliance] long march had

become the short march and was going to end very soon.

When period of ongoing Army operation could be

extended, the Defence Minister said this will be reviewed

in January and the government will assess the "extent of

success" ofthe operation and then decide. He, however,

said that most of the decoits terrorists and other criminals have [robbers] been nabbed and now one can travel

in the interior of Sindh freely. To another question the

Defence Minister said very soon the ORMARA Naval

Port would start functioning as we have done away with

the formal procedure and are working on the practical

aspects of the project. When he was asked to comment

on a news-item VOA had relayed about Pakistan's acquisition ofChinese missiles, Syed Ghoaus Ali Shah said he
JPRS-TND-92-047

18 December 1992 NEAR EAST & SOUTH ASIA 17

was in no position to challenge the report, but if all it was

correct what harm Pakistan could do to anyone because

India hd acquired more sophisticated atomic missiles

and it was developing atomic missiles for the last few

years. Pakistan has full right to defend its borders, he

added.

To another question, the defence minister said, that the

Shah Bandar incident case has been referred to the Court

of Law and the government will accept the vertict ofthe

court.

Former Military Chief of Staff on Nuclear Program

BK0712104392 Islamabad THE NEWS in English

6 Dec 92 p 4

["Exclusive Interview" with General Mirza Aslam Beg,

former chief ofthe Army Staff, by Ikram Ullah; "Former

COAS refutes Benazir's plea ofignorance: Clarifies M-l 1

missiles cannot deliver nuclear warheads;" in Lahore—

date not given]

[Excerpts] Lahore: Former Chief of Army Staff [COAS]

Gen (Retd) Mirza Azlam Beg arrived in Lahore on

Thursday, December 3, 1992, for what he described as a

four-day respite from his hectic calendar.

The General said he badly needed rest to shake off

fatigue from last week's five-day International Seminar

on Asian Regional Cooperation, organised by FRIENDS

[research foundation] at Rawalpindi.

Amidst a busy schedule ofsocial calls, visitors, weddings

and golf, he granted an exclusive 90-minute interview to

'THE NEWS' International, Lahore, dealing mostly with

currents and cross currents of the controversy surrounding Pakistan's nuclear programms.

In a forthright manner, the former COAS addressed the

channels of control over Kahuta, an issue so sensitive

that the politicians dread to tread the very territory.

Commenting about PPP [Pakistan People's Party] chairperson Nusrat Bhutto's latest statement and former

Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto's [BB] observation that

she had learnt the details about Pakistan's nuclear capability at Washington in a briefing given her by director of

the CIA, Beg said the actual position, as far as he knew in

his capacity as Chief of Army Staff during BB's term as

Prime Minister was different. He did not mince words

with regard to the recent US stance on the issue and the

motives behind the on going propaganda by the Western

media.

Commenting upon the LOS ANGELES TIMES' report

about Chinese supply of M-l 1 Missiles to Pakistan, Gen

Beg refuted the allegation that the missiles could deliver

nuclear warheads, [passage omitted]

Q: I am sure Benazir Bhutto's recent statement regarding

her ignorance about up-to-date information with regard

to Pakistan's nuclear programme has not escaped your

notice. She has referred to a briefing at Washington by

Director CIA and former US ambassador Oakley about

our nuclear programme crossing the red line. Accordingly, Pakistan is alleged to have come close to a nuclear

holocaust some time around May, 1990. It has been

alleged that this happened without the knowledge ofthe

then prime minister. Would you like to comment? You

were the COAS at that time.

Beg: I am not surprised to hear a statement of this kind

from the then Viceroy of Pakistan - Lord Oakley. It has

sinister motion behind it - specially accusing Pakistan of

having crossed the red-light [as published] i.e. assembling a nuclear warhead and developing the means for

delivery. It was an obvious excuse for applying sanctions

against Pakistan and freezing military assistance. The

fact ofthe matter is that Ambassador Oakley or the CIA

knew that no such thing had actually happened.

Secondly, to say that because of confrontation between

India and Pakistan, Pakistan was ready to use its nuclear

device against India, was meant to convey to the world

that Pakistan was such an irresponsible country, that

having acquired such capability, it was ready to strike -

an apprehension about Pakistan and other such countries (that if they possess such a capability) which had

always been talked about traditionally. It is a well known

fact that use ofsuch a weapon ofterror and destruction,

becomes thinkable only under very specific obtaining

conditions, such as strike against Hiroshima and

Nagasaki, without fear of retaliation and perhaps to

bring about surrender of enemy forces to save on causalties if the war had prolonged. The situation between

Pakistan and India is entirely different. There is a solid

fear of massive retaliation from India as they have a

stockpile of more than four dozen nuclear warheads.

Besides there was no critical or desperate situation at the

time which could justified [as published] an extreme

action.

Thirdly, the aim of dispensing such disinformation was

to create a misunderstanding between the Army and the

government ofthe day. Although the government at that

time had engaged the services of Ambassador at large

Happy Minwala, who was negotiating the nuclear issue

with the government of USA. Thus, the ambassador

could not have done unless he had been briefed on the

nuclear programme and the capability by the Government of Pakistan. Besides Happy Minwala there was

Gen. Imtiaz Ali, Adviser to the Prime Minister on

defence who was also the chief negotiator on this issue

and held various meetings at Washington and Islamabad

with concerned US officials anJ diplomats in this

capacity. All the activity by Happy Minwala and Gen.

Imtiaz, could not have taken place behind the back ofthe

then prime minister, keeping her in the dark as is alleged

to have been claimed by her now.

Q: In the back-drop of your above observations, the

basic issue still remains shrouded in mystery as to who

controls the nuclear programme in Pakistan—the army
18 NEAR EAST & SOUTH ASIA

JPRS-TND-92-047

18 December 1992

or the president? It is generally believe and Ziaul Haq

controlled the activity as long as he lived and the prime

minister had not been initiated into the picture by Ziaul

Haq. Mohammad Khan Junejo is reported to have paid

a visit to Kahuta but is believed not to have been taken

into full confidence by the authority in charge. As for

Benazir Bhutto, she never paid a single visit to the

sensitive installation nor had any control over Dr Abdul

Qadir Khan's projects. How much control did you

exercise over the nuclear programme as Chief of Army

Staff?

Since your retirement in August 1991, it is believed that

it is the president and the present chief of Army Staff

who are actually (collectively) in charge of the programme. It is commmonly believed that even Prime

Minister Nawaz Sharif has very little policy control over

the nuclear programme because of which, on this issue,

the American deal directly with the president and COAS.

Beg: There is no mystery about this issue, because the

hand that feeds the mouth controls the reins. A programme ofthis dimension, if not funded by the government, which is headed by the chief executive i.e. the

prime minister will dry up in no time. The president or

the COAS do not have at their disposal a programme of

this dimension. Of course the president and the Army

chief do play a role which is only of an advisory nature.

Q: Do I take if from your observation that the prime

minister of Pakistan exercises full control over the country's nuclear programme in all its forms and the general

misgivings and apprehensions in this regard are totally

unfounded?

Beg: Undoubtedly yes.

Q: It has been reported in the local press today, as well as

foreign media like BBC and CNN that China has

recently provided missiles to Pakistan which can deliver

nuclear weapons. A local paper has quoted a report from

LOS ANGELES TIMES that two dozen M-ll Missiles

were disembarked at Karachi port during the past two

weeks. Would you like to comment upon this?

Beg: This, again, is a part ofthe sinister design to malign

Pakistan on the nuclear issue and create doubts in the

minds of the people at a time when Prime Minister

Nawaz Sharifis shortly due to visit Japan. The Japanese

are, naturally, very sensitive about nuclear poliferation

because ofthe holocaust they suffered at Hiroshima and

Nagasaki.

As regards the M-ll missile system that Pakistan is

acquiring from China, it is covered within the six-nation

agreement on Missile Technology Control to which

China is a signatory. The missile has a range of less than

300 kms and is not capable of carrying a nuclear warhead. It is neither designed for it, nor has the required

degree of accuracy.

Ikram Ullah: Thank you General Saheb

Beg: Thank you Ikran.

Editorial on Bhutto Announcement on Nuclear Plans

BK0612103592 Peshawar THE FRONTIER POST

in English 6 Dec 92 p 10

[Editorial: "Ms Bhutto's nuclear fallout"]

[Text] Predictably, Ms Bhutto is getting flak for saying

what she did to NBC about Pakistan's nuclear programme. She had said she didn't know that Pakistan had

'crossed' the threshold earlier 'agreed' by the 'troika' [the

government establishment, the military, and the president] in Islamabad with Washington. Quondam [former]

COAS [Chief of Army Staff] General Mirza Aslam Beg

presumably gave the go-ahead to Kahuta in 1989 for

crossing the threshold without taking the elected leadership into confidence. This has been said earlier, too, and

has not been a secret that Ms Bhutto is now guilty of

revealing to an American TV network. Presumably, the

president was in on it; the PM [Prime Minister] was not

considered worthy of being made privy to the secret. If

General Beg was the big 'strategist' in the national army,

it has not paid off. People don't even remember the

'defiance' maunderings he was given to when he was in

charge. He refused to discuss the defence budget with the

civilian government and thought Kahuta was his

monopoly. Nothing that he did has stood up to the test of

circumstance, including his great Saddam blunder. This

year Pakistan has 'frozen' its nuclear programme at

Kahuta at the 1989 level. This clearly means that whatever the COAS and the president did after 1989 has been

'rolled back'. Who has 'betrayed' Pakistan's honour?

There are really no secrets. It is wrong on the part of

politicians to bash each other on an issue that is not

within their grasp. Over the years, public opinion has

accepted the fact that the elected government should stay

out of the process of decision-making related to our

nuclear programme. Political leaders have accepted that

while they suffer the punishment for what is happening

inside Kahuta, they would go on nurturing the misinformed public opinion against their own right to be in

control. Throughout the 7th Five-Year Plan (1983-88),

no nuclear or hydel [hydroelectric] addition could be

made to the national power grid because nuclear power

was embargoed and the Kalabagh Dam couldn't he built

because of inter-provincial politics. Ten years later,

Pakistan is 2000 MW short of electricity and is subject to

loadshedding. The thermal power it has acquired over

this period is eating up 30 percent ofits oil bill; and ifthe

oil prices go up, its electricity costs will make every

export commodity non-competitive. The Karachi

nuclear plant is running only 40 percent of the time it

should, produces 80 MW instead of the installed

capacity of 137 MW and supplies one-twentieth of the

electricity that Karachi needs. Arms embargo is hurting

the army equally. One reason the nuclear 'freeze' has

been accepted by the troika in Islamabad is this erosion

ofthe conventional defence. The lesson to be learnt from

Ms Bhutto's 'betrayal' on NBC is that Mian Nawaz

Sharifshould be in charge of the nuclear programme as

the elected leader of the country, the defence budget
nSSS^im NEAR EAST & SOUTH ASIA »

should be tabled in the National Assembly, and Pakistan the deal the government has made with France over the

sSd emSk on a new diplomacy ^minimise the Chuhinanuctoi^aiidto-ftceic'rttaa^^

effect ofS punishment it is enduring because of a Washington. Meanwhile politicians can basheach other

policy handled outside the civilian government. Ifthings freely over something that people don t know much

have changed since Ms Bhutto, then one can understand about.
20 CENTRAL EURASIA

JPRS-TND-92-047

18 December 1992

CIS Smuggling of Radioactive Goods Increasing

PM0412090592 Moscow NOVOYE VREMYA

in Russian No. 48, Nov 92 (Signed to Press 24 Nov)

pp 16-17

[Article by correspondent Rudolf Boretskiy under the

"Poland" rubric: "Traders in Invisible Death"]

[Text] Warsaw—A new commodity has appeared on

Europe's black market: Radioactive substances from the

CIS.

Surprises from the collapsed Soviet empire are constantly energizing the prosperously somnolent West:

They shuddered in expectation of a wave of refugees,

they were astounded by the scale of weapons smuggling

and car hijacking, they were amazed by the commercial

talents of our military, and their hearts sank in terror on

hearing of the insidiousness of the "Russian mafia." A

"Russian" bazaar (which is predominantly Belarusian,

Lithuanian, and Ukrainian, but which for some reason

has the reputation of being "Russian") has become a

stable background for strong emotions, a constant

amazement factor, so to speak.

The technology and mechanism whereby the bulk of

goods filter abroad is simple and has been tested to the

point of dependability: A customs officer is also a tax

collector; having received a payment he gives the green

light. Then the sharp peddlers from the CIS pour across

the Polish plain. Or even further, across the Oder. There

is no counting the number of "Russian" bazaars and

traders. They have really become a pan-European phenomenon targeted at the poorest sections ofthe population: Which is also one ofthe patterns ofthe free market,

where, as we know, every commodity finds a buyer.

Here is the latest news: Uranium, cesium, and cobalt

capsules have appeared on the black market.... The first

signal—following alarming rumors which seemed to be

unlikely speculations—came 17 October from Brest

Oblast Prosecutor's Office. A group of smugglers—eight

CIS citizens and three Poles—were arrested in Brest's

Inturist Hotel. They were all involved in "radioactive

business." As is customary, in the interests of the investigation the Prosecutor's Office is saying nothing beyond

the most general details. It is clear that the detainees are

just the agents, the couriers. Not a word has been said

about the main thing—the source from which they are

getting it and the destination where the goods are to be

sold. But some details have leaked out nonetheless and

become the property of the journalists. Thus one of the

Poles, an inhabitant ofTerespol near the border, acted as

a "shuttle"—a carrier of radioactive substances on

Polish territory. His clients (nobody knows who they are

at the moment) were presumably interested in the goods

alone; the smugglers and gangsters were in itjust for the

money. The fact that this operation was fatally dangerous to people around them did not worry either the

clients or the smugglers. Andrzej, the Terespol "shuttle,"

kept the "goods" wrapped in a polythene bag in the

bathroom of his house, right next to members of his

family.

Containers holding the dread substance marked "Made

in USSR" are already being found beyond Poland's

borders as well. A disturbing television report about

searches made by special subunits in Frankfurt am Main

was broadcast recently. Dozens of policemen, dosimetrists, and trained dogs tried to trace and fish out

radioactive materials at a deserted station. The meter

reading went off the scale in the cloakroom: They discovered a large container hidden in one of the identical

luggage lockers which was emitting strong radiation. The

owner had disappeared, of course. But the container bore

the "Soviet" marking.

So the market mechanism of supply and demand has

given birth to a menacing phenomenon. There are two

main problems here: Where is it going, who needs this

radioactive torrent from the East, and where is its

source?

Clearly, these goods are not needed here in Poland. They

would simply not find a consumer. The territory between

the Bug and the Oder is "neither west ofthe East or east

ofthe West," as a Polish journalist has wittily christened

it—it is merely a transit area, a preliminary storage

facility for dangerous substances. Here consignments are

made up for subsequent transfer to major foreign clients,

mainly, it is thought, in Near East countries, and in

addition market prices are fixed here in freely convertible currency. Thus the Brest-Terespol gang, as the

investigation revealed, was seeking to make contact with

consumers and hoping to earn $200,000 from the sale of

the goods hidden in the bath. Prices for exotic substances

and isotopes are high. Admittedly the free market reacts

sensitively to the amount of goods in circulation coming

from CIS countries. Just a few years ago a kilogram of

red mercury would fetch about 1 million German marks.

Now that the border has become more transparent and

the customs officers more obliging, its price has fallen

almost tenfold, but the smugglers are content even with

100,000.

Meanwhile the mood of panic is growing. Not just in

Poland. The Poles have already equipped three border

crossing points—Olszyna, Swiecko, and Zgorzelec—with

special "gates" that detect radiation. It is planned to

equip the remaining two dozen crossings with this apparatus. But the Polish border services and customs realize

that this struggle against "radioactive contraband"

cannot be absolutely successful: The "green border"

[unpatrolled areas not recognized as official crossing

points] extending over 1,000 km which separates the

country from the territory ofthe former USSR cannot be

sealed with impassible "gates."

Prosecutor Szkodzinski, who is leading the investigation

into the case ofthe group ofsmugglers from the CIS and

Poland, told journalists: "Everything the market

demands comes from the East. I would not be surprised
JPRS-TND-92-047

18 December 1992 CENTRAL EURASIA 21

if one fine day I had to conduct a case concerning

smuggled nuclear warheads."

It is believed here that the contraband could come from

three sources: These are, first, from the armed forces of

the countries that used to comprise the USSR; second,

from nuclear electric power stations; and finally, directly

from producers. These three sources, these three suppliers of a type of contraband which poses a threat to the

entire world should be brought under the strictest state

control within CIS countries.

Russian Opposition Cites Nuclear Accord With U.S.

LD0312181392 Moscow ITAR-TASS in English

1604 GMT 3 Dec 92

[By ITAR-TASS parliamentary correspondents Lyudmila Yermakova and Yuriy Khots]

[Text] Moscow December 3 ITAR-TASS—The

Rossiyskoye Yedinstvo (Russian Unity) opposition bloc

continues to insist that the agreement between Russia

and the United States on safe and reliable transportation, storing and elimination ofweapons and prevention

oftheir proliferation is tantamount to selling offRussia's

interests. This was reiterated at a news conference held

by the bloc here today.

On Wednesday the Russian Government Press Centre

said in a statement that the agreement signed by the

presidents of the two countries did not transcend the

confines of conventional international practice and contained no obligations tipping the scales in the United

States favour. The agreement envisages that the United

States will provide free assistance to Russia in eliminating nuclear and chemical weapons, Russia will in turn

provide conditions for the United States which would

create a favorable climate for this assistance.

Bloc representative Mikhail Astafiyev said the explanation offered by the government press centre held no

water.

Russia, Japan Cooperate on Nuclear Power Station

MK3011102592 Moscow KOMMERSANT-DAILY

in Russian 28 Nov 92 p 3

[Unattributed report under the general heading: "Comings

and Goings"]

[Text] Vitaliy Konovalov, Russian first deputy minister

of atomic energy, has returned to Moscow from Japan.

He had been taking part in the Russo-Japanese consultations on nuclear power issues in Tokyo. In an interview

with KOMMERSANT-DAILY's correspondent Mr.

Konovalov stated that Russia intends to obtain its share

ofthe Japanese ordinary uranium market. He noted that,

although the question of ordinary uranium exports to

Japan was not really discussed at the consultations, the

Russian side's intentions are no secret to the Japanese.

According to the deputy minister, the consultations

elaborated technical issues relating to the modernization

ofthe Novovoronezhskaya nuclear electric power station

with the help of a Japanese center for the training of

nuclear power station service personnel, and covered

shipments of reactor diagnostic equipment to Russia.

The Japanese intend to spend around $25 million on the

two programs. Japan is also prepared to receive and pay

for the training ofseveral dozen Russian AES specialists

every year.

Russia Reports Cessation of CW Production

PM0812115992 Moscow IZVESTIYA in Russian 3 Dec 92

Morning Edition p 1—FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

[Unattributed trailer to article by Doctor of Chemical

Sciences Lev Fedorov "The Myths and Legends of

Chemical Disarmament": "The Myths and Legends of

Chemical Disarmament"]

[Text] Recently the serene flow of official reports on the

cessation of chemical weapons production in Russia and

on their phased destruction has been disturbed. Apart

from the comforting view on the problem which Academician Anatoliy Kuntsevich, chairman of the Committee on Convention Problems of Chemical and Biological Weapons, and other officials and representatives

of the military-chemical complex have expressed on

more than one occasion in the press (including our

newspaper), other opinions have been published, too.

The academic chemists Vil Mirzayanov and Lev

Fedorov have expressed the most pointed views.

The first of them worked at one time as chief of the

department to counteract technical espionage at one

secret scientific research institute, visited practically all

the military-chemical complex's facilities, and gave a

written undertaking not to disclose the secrets known to

him from his work work—secrets which were connected

with the production of military toxic chemical agents.

These secrets—even the effect on our own people of the

chemical agents being produced—constitute major state

secrets.

V. Mirzayanov is now under investigation and a criminal case is in progress on his disclosure of these very

secrets, these state secrets. His colleague L. Fedorov is

acting as a witness in the case. Nevertheless, the scientist

has offered a manuscript to IZVESTIYA which summarizes his observations over many years of the military

chemical complex's secrets. Therefore, the first question

to the author is: Is he not afraid of ending up himself in

the role of the accused?

"Technically speaking, I was not given access to the

secret work although I am in possession of fairly 'explosive' information. What is more, I received an offer from

the Supreme Soviet to present my conclusion on the

draft of the comprehensive program on the phased

destruction of chemical weapons in the Russian Federation. I do not think that under these circumstances the
22 CENTRAL EURASIA

JPRS-TND-92-047

18 December 1992

state security service will not try to do me ill. But I am

obliged to speak about the myths of chemical disarmament—this is my duty as a scientist and as a citizen of

Russia."

What alarms L. Fedorov concerns first and foremost you

and me, our children's safety. While there is even the

smallest threat from the military-chemical complex, we

have an obligation to sound the alarm. After all, to this

day we do not know the whole truth about the militarychemical complex's output.

We do not know what's "cooking" in our secret scientific

research institutes' and secret plants' flasks. We do not

know where the fatal poisons are being stored and how

they are being destroyed. We do not know about accidents at chemical plants. The least attempts to answer

these questions may for the "curious" person turn into

criminal liability.

One would like to hope that the dozens of generals and

thousands of workers of the military-chemical complex

are doing everything possible to make us safe (as well as

themselves!) from the threat of mass destruction. But it

is only religion which relies on faith alone. In real life we

need correct and timely information.

Read Lev Fedorov's article "The Myths and Legends of

Chemical Disarmament" on page 3.

Russian Nuclear Scientist Downplays 'Brain Drain'

PM2411102392 Moscow ROSSIYSKAYA GAZETA

in Russian 21 Nov 92 First Edition p 4

[Vladimir Gubarev "transcript" of statement by Stanislav Voronin, chief designer of Russia's nuclear and

hydrogen weapons, under the "Debate" rubric; place and

date of statement not given: "Fewer Illusions!"]

[Text] [Voronin] I vote with both hands for the "brain

drain," but it is preferable that the brains be "young,

talented, and original." The more ofthese "brains" that

"drain" from Moscow State University, the universities

of large cities, and prestigious higher educational institutions in our direction, for example, to the Russian

Federal Nuclear Center, the better it will be both for our

science and for world science. Unfortunately, the influx

of young people to Arzamas-16 is very small now, and

this cannot fail to cause concern, since we are talking of

Russia's future. But it is impossible to imagine it without

science and modern technology.

If we speak of the flight of scientists to the West, of the

fact that soon we will supposedly have no intellectuals

left and they will all end up in European and U.S.

scientific laboratories, does it not seem to you that we

are trying once again to end up in thrall to stereotypes?

There are many facets to the problem of the "brain

drain." I will speak at once ofweapons: There has not yet

been a single instance where any "bomb maker" has

ended up in the West and worked there on our themes.

No, thank God, specialists now go abroad on official

business trips, meet with colleagues there, and discuss

urgent problems. This is natural. The "brain drain" is

sometimes understood as the divulgence ofstate secrets.

But this has to do not with science but with quite a

different sphere—you know which one.

Now another facet. Do not think that there are that many

specialists who have thorough knowledge ofjust how to

build a particular weapon—they are very few in number.

Note, therefore, that it is precisely those who have

nothing to do with nuclear weapons and, moreover, who

have never even seen them that like to talk about them.

In my view, they are simply enhancing their reputation

in the West....

One more thing. It is a veritable catastrophe for a real

scientist when he leaves the environment in which he

developed his talent. Most frequently his creative potential drops sharply. Such examples are well known even

with geniuses, not to mention simply talented people....

In my younger years I was fortunate to have quite

frequent contacts with Andrey Dmitriyevich Sakharov.

Here he had many friends, supporters, and like-minded

people. But there, on the "mainland," he remained

alone. I bow down before his courage, but nevertheless I

am profoundly convinced that he could have been of

greater benefit here. Not only in our work. The nutrient

medium in which Sakharov's genius flowered and shone

in full measure was here. At first it was hard for us

without him—it is this kind of "brain drain" that is

simply catastrophic for any scientific center.

In general, it sometimes seems to me that behind the

fine-sounding and effective campaign, particularly connected with the problem of the so-called "brain drain,"

there lies an attempt to discredit Russia's science and

scientists—precisely those who under the very difficult

present conditions are creating, improving, and dismantling modern nuclear and thermonuclear weapons. Our

work requires calm, reliability, amicability, and confidence in our future and that of our children. Whatever

people say about nuclear specialists, it should never be

forgotten that the security of nuclear weapons and, thus,

also of the planet is in their hands....

Russian Reports of Nuclear Sales 'Unconfirmed'

PM0412170992 Moscow KOMSOMOLSKAYA PRAVDA

in Russian 26 Nov 92 p 3

[Report by M. Chiken: "On These Blackest of Blacklists"]

[Text] A session of the CoCom [Coordinating Committee for Export Controls] Cooperation Forum in

which representatives of new states from the former

USSR took part has ended in Paris. The fact that we

participated in the work of an organization originally

created to prevent supermodern technology from finding

its way into our laboratories is a real sensation. At the

forum the conclusion was reached that there is no longer
JPRS-TND-92-047

18 December 1992 CENTRAL EURASIA 23

any political reason for CoCom's existence in its previous form, and because ofthat the organization must be

substantially modified.

This means that the discriminatory restrictions in the

sphere of economic cooperation and trade which existed

in the cold war years will now be reviewed.

Nevertheless, all this does not mean that the CoCom

"black" lists no longer exist. Moreover, Russia has them,

too. This is necessary to prevent the proliferation of

nuclear weapons or, to be more precise, components for

their manufacture. In order to control the sale of strategically important raw materials, criminal legislation will

be applied to transgressors. A special Export Control

Commission headed by Vice Premier Georgiy Khizha

has been created by an edict of the Russian president.

The procedure for export transactions is defined by the

Russian Government. Furthermore, the rules for the sale

and purchase of strategic materials apply to enterprises

under all types of ownership. This should convince the

West that the average private businessman cannot trade

in uranium of unknown origin or destination. The

"prize" for smuggling is now from five to 12 years.

From now on an exporter is obliged to demand an

explanation from an importer as to why material of one

sort or another is being purchased. The purchaser undertakes not to re-export or use it for explosions. The most

important thing is that the importer must obtain a

guarantee from the appropriate state organ of the

country on whose territory he is located. That is, the

state intercedes for the firm.

In general, Deputy Foreign Minister G. Berdennikov

gave his assurance that the information periodically

appearing in the West about the sale in Russia of nuclear

components and their subsequent resale is unconfirmed.

When the Russian Foreign Ministry requests its Western

colleagues to provide specific facts, it turns out thatthere

is nothing of the kind.

Russian Leader Issues Directive on Pathogen Exports

PM0712133592 Moscow ROSSIYSKIYE VESTI

in Russian 5 Dec 92 p 3

[Directive ofthe President ofthe Russian Federation no.

711-rp dated 17 November 1992]

[Text] Directive of the President of the Russian Federation

On the introduction of Controls on the Export from the

Russian Federation of Pathogens, Their Genetic Variations, and Fragments of Genetic Material, Which Could

Be Used in the Creation of Bacteriological (Biological)

and Toxic Weapons

1. The list submitted by the Russian President of pathogens, their genetic variations, and fragments of genetic

material which could be used to create bacteriological

(biological) and toxic weapons which are exported under

licence (the list is appended) is approved.

2. The Russian Federation Government shall approve

the Statute on the procedure for controling the export

from the Russian Federation of pathogens, their genetic

variations, and fragments of genetic material which

could be used in the creation of bacteriological (biological) and toxic weapons.

[Signed] B. Yeltsin, president ofthe Russian Federation.

President's Directive no. 711, dated 17 November 1992.

List of Pathogens, Their Genetic Variations, and Fragments of Genetic Material Which May Be Used In the

Creation of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxic

Weapons Exported Under Licence Approved by Directive of the President of the Russian Federation no. 711

dated 17 November 1992

Table 1

Number of position Name Foreign economic activity commodity code number

1. Viruses, their genetic variations, and fragments of genetic material

1.1 Strains of pathogen of dengue fever serotype I-IV 300290500

1.2 Japanese encephalitis pathogen 300290500

1.3 Pathogen of primaveral-estival mite encephalitis 300290500

1.4 Pathogen of St.Louis encephalitis 300290500

1.5 Pathogen of Eastern American Equine Encephalomyeitis 300290500

1.6 Pathogen of Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis 300290500

1.7 Pathogen of Western American Equine Encephalomyelitis 300290500

1.8 Rift Valley Fever Pathogen 300290500

1.9 Smallpox pathogen 300290500

1.10 Yellow Fever Pathogen 300290500

1.11 Hemorrhagic Fever Pathogen:

1.11.1 Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome 300290500

1.11.2 Congo-Crimea Hemorrhagic Fever 300290500
24 CENTRAL EURASIA

JPRS-TND-92-047

18 December 1992

Table 1 (Continued)

Number of position Name Foreign economic activity commodity code number

1.11.3 Omsk Hemorrhagic Fever 300290500

1.11.4 Hemorrhagic Lassa Fever 300290500

1.11.5 Hemorrhagic Ebola [as transliterated] Fever 300290500

1.11.6 Marburg [as transliterated] Fever 300290500

1.11.7 Argentine Hemorrhagic Fever (Junin) 300290500

1.11.8 Bolivian Hemorrhagic Fever (Machupo) 300290500

1.11.9 Chikungun [as transliterated] Fever 300290500

1.12 Pathogen of lymphocytic choriomeningitis 300290500

1.13 Monkey Pox Pathogen 300290500

1.14 White Pox Pathogen 300290500

1.15 Pathogen of Kyasanurskaya [as transliterated] Forest Disease 300290500

1.16 Rabies pathogen 300290500

1.17 Pathogen of Scottish Encephalomyelitis 300290500

1.18 Pathogen of Murray Valley Encephalitis 300290500

1.19 Pathogen of Rosio [as transliterated] Encephalitis 300290500

1.20 Oropush [as transliterated] Pathogen 300290500

1.21 Povassan [as transliterated] Pathogen 300290500

2. Rickettsia, genetic variations, and fragments of genetic material

2.1 Q Fever Pathogen 300290500

2.2 Trench Fever Pathogen 300290500

3. Bacteria, genetic variations, and fragments of genetic material

3.1 Anthrax Pathogen 300290500

3.2 Brucellosis Pathogen 300290500

3.2.1 Brucella melitensis 300290500

3.2.2 Brucella suis 300290500

3.2.3 Brucella abortus 300290500

3.3 Cholera Pathogen 300290500

3.4 Pathogen of dysentery (Shigella) 300290500

3.5 Pathogen of glanders 300290500

3.6 Pathogen of pulmonarymelioidosis 300290500

3.7 Plague pathogen 300290500

3.8 Pathogen of tularemia 300290500

3.9 Pathogen of typhus abdominalis 300290500

3.10 Ornithosis pathogen 300290500

3.11 Botulism pathogen 300290500

3.12 Gas Gangrene pathogen 300290500

3.13 Tetanus pathogen 300290500

3.14 Pathogen of legionnaire's disease 300290500

4. Genetically altered microorganisms producing the following

toxins (1)

300290500

4.1 Toxin botulinus

4.2 Gas Gangrene Toxin

4.3 Toxins of Staphylococcus aureus

4.4 Ricin

4.5 Saksitoksin [as transliterated]
JPRS-TND-92-047

18 December 1992 CENTRAL EURASIA 25

Number of position

4.6

4.7

4.8

4.9

4.10

4.11

4.12

4.13

Table 1 (Continued)

Name

Dysentery toxin

Konotoksin [as transliterated]

Tetrodotoksin [as transliterated]

Verotoksin [as transliterated]

Abrin

Cholera toxin

Tetanus toxin

Trikhotsenovyye [as transliterated] mycotoxins

(Note 1) The list does not constitute a basis for the control of the toxins themselves.

Foreign economic activity commodity code number

Russia Approves Pathogen Export Control Statute

PM0712155992 Moscow ROSSIYSKIYE VESTI

in Russian 5 Dec 92 p 3

[Decree no. 982 of the Government of the Russian

Federation dated Moscow, 20 November 1992]

[Text] On the ratification ofthe Statute on the Procedure for

Controling the Export from the Russian Federation of

Pathogens, Their Genetic Variations, and Fragments of

Genetic Materials which Could Be Used in the Creation of

Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxic Weapons

In accordance with the directive no. 711-rp ofthe president of

the Russian Federation dated 17 November 1992 "On the

introduction of Controls on the Export from the Russian

Federation ofPathogens, Their Genetic Variations, and Fragments of Genetic Material, Which Could Be Used in the

Creation ofBacteriological (Biological) and Toxic Weapons,"

the Government of the Russian Federation decrees:

1. To approve the attached Statute on the Procedure for

Controling the Export from the Russian Federation of

Pathogens, Their Genetic Variations, and Fragments of

Genetic Materials which Could Be Used in the Creation of

Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxic Weapons.

2. The Russian Federation Commission on Export Control

under the Russian Federation Government together with

the Russian Federation Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and the Russian Federation State Customs Committee

shall ensure the organization of the control of the export of

pathogens, their genetic variations, and fragments of genetic

material which could be used in the creation of bacteriological (biological) and toxic weapons.

[Signed] Ye. Gaydar

Russian To Expand Market for Armament Sales

OW0412161592 Moscow INTERFAX in English

1500 GMT 04 Dec 92

[Transmitted via KYODO]

[Text] Russian Minister of Foreign Economic Relations

Petr Aven said in an interview that Russia intends to

broaden the market for the sale of its armaments and

military technology. He evaluates Russian arms export

activity "very positively," especially in the Far East region,

with customers such as China and South Korea. He said that

Russia had "effectively reached" an agreement with

Malaysia for the sale of up to 30 MiG-29 fighter aircraft and

was now working on deliveries of modern armaments to

South Korea, which has also expressed an interest in purchasing arms from Russia.

INTERFAX has learned from reliable sources in the

Russian Ministry of Defense that deliveries of various

weapons to South Korea are being discussed; in particular, Grad multiple rocket launcher-type systems, fixed

antiaircraft systems such as the C-300M, Su-25 ground

attack aircraft, and Su-27 interceptor aircraft.

Aven added that Iran is also an important market for

Russian weaponry. He reported that Russia had already

sold Iran three diesel submarines at more than $400

million apiece, and intended to strengthen this market

"regardless ofthe opposition ofAmerican competitors."

Aven further reported that Russia was carrying on negotiations with the United Arab Emirates to supply the country's

army with Russian firearms and equipment. According to

INTERFAX'S information, the UAE may buy several C-300

antiaircraft installations, rocket launchers, and small patrol

boats from Russia.

Russian Navy Denies 'Ballistic Missile' Reports

PM0212155792 Moscow KRASNAYA ZVEZDA

in Russian 1 Dec 92 p 2

[Unattributed report: "Report On New Ballistic Missiles

Greatly Exaggerated"]

[Text] The report published in a number ofmedia organs

to the effect that the Pacific Fleet has successfully

assimilated some new ballistic missiles is untrue, the

Navy commander in chiefs press group has announced.

The Pacific Fleet has received no new types of ballistic

missiles, except for the strategic missiles that are already

on the submarines.
26 CENTRAL EURASIA

JPRS-TND-92-047

18 December 1992

In fact, in September the guided missile cruiser Chervona Ukraina and two nuclear submarines, in accordance with the combat training plan, jointly fired at a

marine target using antiship missiles which they had had

in their armament for a long time.

Russian Scientists To Work at New S&T Center

PM0312114792 Moscow ROSSIYSKIYE VESTI

in Russian 28 Nov 92 p 1

[Report by Pavel Shinkarenko: "Military-Industrial

Complex Cadres. Work Will Be Found for Them in

Russia Too"]

[Text] Russian nuclear scientists will get this opportunity

in the International Scientific-Technical Center [ISTC]

that is being set up in Moscow. An agreement on this was

signed yesterday by Russian Federation Foreign Minister

Andrey Kozyrev together with representatives ofthe other

founders—the United States, Japan, and the EC.

"The international center will provide scientists from

Russia and other CIS countries, and Georgia too, in

particular those who possess knowledge and skills in the

sphere of mass destruction weapons and missile delivery

systems, with the opportunity to apply their talents to

peaceful activities," Russian Federation Deputy Foreign

Minister Grigoriy Berdennikov told me.

Grigoriy Vitalyevich stressed that the United States is

providing $25 million, Japan $ 17 million, and the EC 20

million ECU'S to support the ISTC and its activities and

projects. At its own expense, the Russian Federation will

provide the center with suitable official premises (provisionally, in the Tsaritsyno park area) and will also

provide maintenance, services, and security.

"Before parliamentary ratification of the agreements,"

the deputy minister continued, "we have agreed to set up

a preparatory committee which will start studying the

administrative, financial, and cadre questions literally in

the next few days. So the center itself will not have to

waste valuable time bothering with all these things: It

will start dealing with scientific problems immediately."

"We intend," Aleksandr Pavlov, deputy chairman ofthe

Russian Federation Atomic Energy Ministry International Relations Committee, added, "to recruit for this

work nuclear scientists who deal with nuclear weapon

problems. Primarily from the well-knwon institutes and

laboratories in Arzamas-16, Chelyabinsk-70, and the

like. By means of their research they will give considerable support to the CIS countries and Georgia in the

transition to a market economy that meets civilian

needs. It will include projects in the spheres of environmental protection, energy production, and safety in the

nuclear energy industry."

It is hoped that the ISTC will soon get some new

cofounders. For example, Sweden, Switzerland, and

Canada have expressed a wish to work in the collective.

There have been similar noises from other countries as

well.

Russian Atomic Energy Minister To Head Nuclear

Center

LD0512060792 Moscow Radio Rossii Network

in Russian 0400 GMT5 Dec 92

[Text] Russian Atomic Energy Minister Viktor

Mikhaylov has been appointed scientific head of the

Russian Nuclear Center. He replaces Academician Yuliy

Khariton who has been scientific head of Arzamas-16,

Russia's Federal Nuclear Center, up to now. POSTFACTUM attributes this appointment to the fact that

the Russian Ministry for Atomic Energy may soon be

disbanded, while the Federal Nuclear Center at Arzamas-16 could come under the direct control of Russia's

Security Council. Mikhaylov is expected to combine the

duties of minister with those ofscientific director of the

Nuclear Center, the newspaper NIZHEGORODSKIYE

NOVOSTI reports.

Russia To Grant Credits to Nuclear Power Stations

OW0712210492 Moscow INTERFAX in English

1933 GMT 7 Dec 92

[Transmitted via KYODO]

[Text] Russia is ready to build a nuclear power station

with an output of 2,000 kilowatts in China. During his

visit to Beijing from December 17-19, the Russian

President plans to sign an agreement granting China $2

billion in credit for a period of no more than 15 years at

an interest of 4%.

In an interview with INTERFAX, the Russian Foreign

Economic Relations Ministry department chief, Viktor

Koptevskiy, said that the step would promote the export

of machines and equipment. "Russia has no markets

other than the Asian-Pacific region where its products

would be competitive enough, and such contracts keep

Russian machine-building industries going and maintain

the import of essentials," the ministry official pointed

out.

Koptevskiy said that the possibility of granting similar

credits for the construction of nuclear power stations in

India (the same as in China), Iran and Pakistan (each

with capacity of 1 megawatts) was being considered.

Urkaine Leader Says 'Not Currently a Nuclear State'

OW0412131592 Moscow INTERFAX in English

1242 GMT 04 Dec 92

[Transmitted via KYODO]

[Text] Ukrainian President Leonid Kravchuk said at a

Thursday conference at the Ministry of Defense that to

raise the question of Ukraine's transformation into a
JPRS-TND-92-047

18 December 1992 CENTRAL EURASIA 27

nuclear power is absurd from the political and technical

points of view, among others.

The president emphasized that Ukraine is not currently

a nuclear state, although it has strategic nuclear arms.

Kravchuk called for the republic's army to be equipped

with conventional arms and state-of-the-art technology.

Ukraine Leader Addresses Army on Nuclear Issues

LD0312224492 Kiev Ukrayinske Telebachennya

Television Network in Ukrainian 1900 GMT 3 Dec 92

[Excerpts] A military conference on the results of the

year's combat training ofthe Ukrainian Army took place

at the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine today, [passage

omitted]

[Presidenta] Leonid Kravchuk addressed participants in

the conference. Having characterized Ukraine's military

doctrine, he expounded the position ofthe state on main

issues of putting it into practice. In particular, he

touched the concept of nuclear disarmament.

[Begin Kravchuk recording] The world is watching our

actions and our policy in this field, with alarm, I stress.

The question is whether to declare ourselves a nuclear

state. Today we are not a nuclear state. There are

strategic nuclear forces on our soil, the launch ofwhich I,

as president, am able to block today. But I never have

been reaching out for, and am not reaching out for, the

button to launch them. To block the launch, and that is

it.

So, to declare ourselves a nuclear state is to take on

everything—all responsibility, production, maintenance,

and so on. Can we do it? I think we can not. Generally,

today this issue is absurd for our state, simply absurd,

both from a political standpoint, and a military one, and

a technological one, and other standpoints.

I think we have another path. This is to create such

armed forces that are capable of applying force to our

potential adversary; and they have to have conventional

weapons, as well as the capability of creating weapons

based on the most advanced technologies, [end

recording]

Ukraine's Plushch Sets Conditions for N-Arms

LD2711205992 Moscow Teleradiokompaniya Ostankino

Television First Program Network in Russian 1800 GMT

27Nov92

[From the "Novosti" newscast]

[Text] [Announcer Vykhukholev] One ofthe main points

on the agenda of the jubilee session of the CIS heads of

state in December will be the issue of which state owns

the strategic nuclear weapons on the territory of the

former Union republics. Belarus, Kazakhstan, and

Ukraine have announced their intention to become

nuclear-free states; but the parliament of Ukraine, for

example, is stipulating a number of conditions for this.

[Correspondent Vladimir Lyaskalo] [Video shows

Ukraine Supreme Soviet Chairman Ivan Plushch

addressing a news conference] I have no doubt that the

Supreme Soviet will ratify the START Treaty. It is not so

important whether this happens in December or January. It is just that the deputies will need time to study

the bulky package of documents. The important thing is

how the conversion of those 176 nuclear-missile complexes now situated on our territory will be carried out.

We are proposing two conditions, Plushch said. The first

is that wherever the process takes place, Ukraine must

have independent and autonomous control [kontrol].

The second is that the warheads contain not only expensive metal, but also expensive fuel. We need it for our

atomic stations and we are now buying it. So we have to

know, we have to have an agreement: What proportion

of that fuel will be handed over to Ukraine? We'd also

like to know what Ukraine can expect after the special

nuclear disarmament fund has been set up. What will its

share be?

Kazakhs Fear Semipalatinsk N-Test Site Reports

PM3011145592 Moscow KOMSOMOLSKA YA

PRAVDA in Russian 28 Nov 92 p 1

[Report by correspondent Ye. Dotsuk: "Nuclear Mushroom Under Tekelen Mountain?"]

[Text] Alma-Ata—Recently the inhabitants of Kazakhstan were frightened by the latest secret of the Semipalatinsk nuclear testing ground: There were reports that

several nuclear devices placed in deep shafts before the

moratorium on tests was announced have remained

unexploded. Official denials followed immediately

But then there appeared one Yu. Vladimirov—he said

that he worked at the Semipalatinsk nuclear testing

ground from 1987 through 1990 and was in the very

group which placed the nuclear devices in the shafts. The

main point ofYu. Vladimirov's story was that automatic

detonators were installed. That is, he believes that it is

not unlikely that they could operate in 1993-1994.

Olzhas Suleymenov, leader of the "NevadaSemipalatinsk" antinuclear movement, has told the editorial office of a local newspaper that he does not doubt

the truth of these facts, also confirmed by a specialist

now working in Kurchatov.

I managed to get answers to my questions thanks to the

assistance of K. Suleymenov, Kazakhstan's state adviser,

and K. Serikbayev, chief of the defense department of

the president's apparatus. Major General Safronov,

deputy chief ofthe testing ground, explained the nuclear

devices situation. According to Fedor Fedorovich, there

really is a nuclear research device [yadernoye fizicheskoye ustroystvo] under the ground of the Semipalatinsk testing ground. It was buried before the introduction of the moratorium and scientists and the military

intended to observe the effect ofthe explosion on various

technical devices nearby. The yield of this nuclear
28 CENTRAL EURASIA

JPRS-TND-92-047

18 December 1992

device, General Safronov said, is 0.35 kilotonnes, that is

very small. General Safronov also indicated the precise

location of the shaft—Tekelen mountain. The device is

buried at a depth of 500 meters. Here the height of the

mountain itself is 125 meters. It is now truly impossible

to render the nuclear device harmless and to remove it

from such a depth. It is true that the Russian scientific

center is studying various methods ofrendering it harmless. One method, the most likely, is to try to make a

second, parallel, shaft, in order to remove the device

from the other side. That is very expensive, but to all

appearances work to remove the nuclear "gift" will

nonetheless begin. Most likely not before April 1993.

Armenia Working on Radioactive 'Punishment

Weapon'

Armenian Deputy Informs Reporters

NC0212141792 Yerevan SNARK in English

1122 GMT 02 Dec 92

[Text] Yerevan, December 2 (SNARK)—One of the

Armenian deputies informed some reporters that

Armenia was working on the "punishment weapon".

According to him, there will be aircraft bombs filled with

radioactive waste of the Armenian atomic station and

shells of long-range artillery. Analyzing the fact, the

military expert of the SNARK's agency assumes the use

ofthe weapon possible in case Azerbaijan takes attempts

to deport the Armenian population of Karabakh or to

intrude its troops into the territory of the republic of

Nagorno-Karabakh.

Azeri Security Ministry Report

NC0412152592 Baku AZERINFORM in English

1542 GMT 4 Dec 92

[Text] Baku, December 4 (AZERINFORM)—We have

every reason to consider Armenia finishing its works on

production of a retribution weapon, the Azeri National

Security Ministry stated today. According to the data of

the ministry Armenia has the retribution weaponaircraft bombs and artillery missiles stuffed with radioactive wastes of the Armenian nuclear power station.

The weapon will be used in the case if the Armenian

Expeditionary Corps fails the military operations or in

the case of its withdrawal from Karabakh.

The National Security Ministry also has information

that there are five remote controlled explosive capsules

stuffed with radioactive wastes. But it is impossible to

render the capsule harmless because of military operations in upper Karabakh.

Armenian Government Denial

OW0412191692 Moscow INTERFAX in English

1725 GMT 4 Dec 92

[Transmitted via KYODO]

[Text] The assertion that Armenia may soon use "retaliatory weapons," including nuclear weapons, "is the

result of annoying misunderstandings or political provocation." The statement was made in an INTERFAX

interview with Eduard Simonyants, an advisor to the

Armenian president on security issues, regarding mass

media reports of "retaliatory weapons."

"Armenia does not plan to manufacture or use nuclear

weapons," emphasized Simonyants.

Belarus Plans Nuclear-Free Status by 1995

LD0112144492 Moscow ITAR-TASS in English

1343 GMT 1 Dec 92

[By BELINFORM correspondent Natalya Sverjunova—

TASS]

[Text] Minsk December 1 TASS—Belarus hopes to

become nuclear-free by the end of 1994, according to the

chairman ofthe Republican Parliamentary Commission

on Security and Defence.

Upon agreement with the Russian leadership Belarus

plans to transfer 81 intercontinental missiles to Russia

by December 30, 1994, Yuriy Popov told the "MINSKAYA PRAVDA" newspaper on Tuesday.

He recalled that in order to acquire the nuclear-free

status as soon as possible and avert possible nuclear

proliferation, Belarus voluntarily undertook an unprecedented step and transferred offensive strategic arms

deployed on its territory under the Russian jurisdiction.

Nuclear disarmament is a part of the general military

reform in the former Soviet republic which also intends

to cut the personnel of its Armed Forces to not more

than 100,000 men, Popov said.
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