NBSIR 74-521

HATCH -A Model for Fish Hatchery

Analysis

Dr. Frederick C. Johnson

Applied Mathematics Division

Institute for Basic Standards

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, D. C. 20234

July 8, 1974

Interim Report

Prepared for Washington State Dept. of Fisheries

Olympia, Washington 98504

NBSIR 74-521

HATCH--A MODEL FOR FISH HATCHERY

ANALYSIS

Dr. Frederick C. Johnson

Applied Mathematics Division

Institute for Basic Standards

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, D. C. 20234

July 8, 1974

Interim Report

Prepared for Washington State Dept. of Fisheries

Olympia, Washington 98504

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Frederick B. Dent. Secretary

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Richard W. Roberts, Director

Preface

The HATCH model is an automated system for

analyzing the physical, biological and economic

factors of fish hatchery operation and for computing optimal hatchery management policies. This

project was sponsored by the Washington State

Department of Fisheries, Olympia, Washington

under Service Contract No. 548.

Table of Contents

Page

I. Introduction 1

II. The HATCH Model 3

11. 1 An Overview of HATCH 4

11. 2 Fish Growth 9

11. 3 Egg Computation 13

11. 4 Lot and Hatchery Optimization 17

11. 5 Ponding and Planting 23

11. 6 Hatchery Costs 25

11. 7 Fishery Benefits 27

III. HATCH Input 30

111.1 Hatchery Data 34

111. 2 Lot Data 36

111. 3 Cost Data 41

111. 4 Fishery Data 43

111. 5 Input Error Checking 46

IV. HATCH Output 47

V. Other Hatchery Applications 50

References

Appendix A: HATCH Input Summary

Appendix B: HATCH Input Example

Appendix C: HATCH Output Example

I. Introduction

The HATCH model for fish hatchery analysis provides hatchery

operators with a management tool for analyzing the biological,

physical and economic factors of hatchery operation. The model

performs a benefit: cost analysis of hatchery production by com- - puting the major costs associated with a hatchery production

policy and the economic contribution to the fisheries of the

fish produced. The model can be used as a simulation tool to

evaluate current hatchery procedures and to compare the benefits

derived from alternative management policies developed by the

hatchery operator. An important new capability has been added

to HATCH which enables the model to automatically compute a

management policy which maximizes the benefit: cost ratio of —

a hatchery. With this option, the model will determine the

species mix, the number of fish released and the size and time

of the releases which produce the maximum dollar contribution

to the fisheries per dollar of feed cost. The use of this

feature grfeatly reduces the amount of work required to program

a hatchery, especially a hatchery for which the effects of

variations in size and time of release are known or postulated.

The basic concepts and procedures of the HATCH model have

been documented in a previous report [ 1 ] . Since one of the

tasks of the current contract was to produce a User's Guide to

the HATCH model, much of that material is included in this report
- 2 -

for sake of completeness. Sections II-IV of this report,

together with the Appendices provide a User's Guide to the

HATCH model. This report also covers the extensions made

to the model during the performance of this contract. These

extensions are covered in Section II. 4 and Section IV.

Section V considers applications of the HATCH model or the

techniques used in the model to areas of hatchery operation

other than production planning.
3

II. The HATCH Model

Salmon hatchery management encompasses a wide array of

physical, biological and economic factors. Many of these

factors (e.g., species mix, feed rates and pond management)

can be directly controlled by the hatchery operator. However,

certain critical factors such as source water temperature,

flow rates and pond sizes either cannot be controlled or

require expensive special equipment. The challenge of successful hatchery operation is to achieve a maximum economic

contribution to the fisheries through appropriate adjustment

of the controllable parameters of hatchery operation.

A large body of knowledge of good practical hatchery

procedures has been built up over the years. Consequently,

a substantial degree of latitutde exists in the determination

of feed rates, size and time of release, and other important

variables in the hatchery production environment. The importance

of this flexibility is demonstrated by experimental work performed by the Washington State Department of Fisheries (see

Hager [ 2 ] ) which showed that variations in size and time of

release have a major impact on adult hatchery returns. Recent,

as yet unpublished, data obtained by this agency for delayed

release Coho salmon has verified that the size and time of release of hatchery fish also has a major impact on fishery contribution. In short, hatchery policy not only affects the quality of the fish produced, but these decisions can also have a
4

substantial economic leverage on the fisheries.

The degree of management flexibility within a hatchery

coupled with the impact of hatchery operating policy on fishery

performance provides a key rationale for the development of

improved techniques for hatchery analysis. The HATCH model

has been developed to meet this need by providing an effective

analytic tool for evaluating hatchery management policy based

on fishery contribution information.

II. 1. An Overview of HATCH

The basic concept of the HATCH model is to use a computer

implementation of a combination of mathematical equations,

tables and logic to emulate the principal processes of hatchery

operation. The input to the model describes the physical

parameters of a hatchery, the biological characteristics of

each brood stock, the operational policies governing fish

releases, the fishery performance of hatchery produced fish

and the major hatchery investment costs and operating costs.

The output from the model consists of a semi-monthly status

summary for each brood of fish reared in the hatchery, a plot

of water allocation in the hatchery throughout the year, a

pollution analysis of hatchery effluent, an analysis of projected fishery benefits for each brood of fish and a benefit:

cost analysis of the hatchery operating policy.
5

The HATCH model is primarily a time oriented model in which

the sequence of events within the model is the same as in an

actual hatchery. However, the model has been specifically

designed to perform certain computations out of time sequence

in order to achieve a greater flexibility in hatchery analysis,

and in this case the model acts as functionally oriented model.

This distinction is not apparent to the user of the model.

The timeframe of the model is a half—month, and the calendar

year is divided into 24 equal half-month time periods of

slightly over 15 days each (adding up to a 365 day year) . All

hatchery events such as initial ponding of fish, pond splitting

and releasing of fish are constrained by HATCH to occur at

the beginning of a time period. The semi-monthly time frame

provides a satisfactory compromise between computational load

and flexibility of event timing.

The fish reared in a hatchery are divided into lots for

analysis by the HATCH model. A lot of fish is any group of

fish that is distinguished in the hatchery for any reason. A

lot may be a species (Coho) , a race (Elwha Chinook) or simply

a group of experimental fish, and separate biological parameters

and management policies are associated with each lot.

The HATCH program consists of two models, a hatchery simulation model and a fishery performance model, and an optimizer
module which can be used to determine the most cost effective

hatchery management policy. A diagram of the major task

sequence of HATCH is given in Figure II. 1. The out of sequence

computation of fish growth occurs because this information is

required by the optimizer and for the egg computations when

the optimizer is not used (see Section II. 3.).

The computational sequence of the hatchery simulation

model varies slightly between simulation and hatchery optimization runs. This is due to the difference in the treatment

of lot priorities in these two cases. One of the principal

functions of the hatchery model is the allocation of available

water and pond space to the lots of fish in the hatchery.

Since these resources are limited, the allocation of water and

pond space is performed on a priority basis, and each lot of

fish is assigned a priority by the input data. During a simulation run (no optimization is performed) all of the water

and pond requirements of the highest priority lot are resolved

first, and any unused water and pond space is made available

to the next priority lot. This procedure continues until all

lots are processed.

The treatment of lot priorities changes when the hatchery

optimization option is selected. In this case, the assigned

lot priorities are ignored for water allocation purposes
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- 8 -

because the optimizer allocates water to the various lots in

a manner that maximizes the economic contribution of the

hatchery produced fish. This process is completely independent

of the user assigned lot priorities, and it may happen that

a high priority lot receives no water at all (no fish are

reared) because some combination of the remaining lots produces

greater fishery benefits. However, the optimizer deals only

with water allocation and not with pond space allocation. The

reason for this is that fish in different lots are not permitted

to share ponds, and the problem of simultaneously optimizing

water usage and pond space allocation is a difficult mathematical problem for which no good solution techniques are available.

After water allocation has been resolved by the optimizer, pond

space is allocated on a priority basis in the same manner as

in the simulation case.

After all of the lots have been processed by the hatchery

model, the fishery model is used to calculate the fishery contributions of the hatchery production, and a benefit .-cost

analysis is performed. The details of the principal operations

of HATCH as shown in Figure II. 1. are covered in the remainder

of this chapter

.
9

II. 2. Fish Growth

The growth equations used in HATCH were developed by

Stauffer [3] and are based on the pioneering work of Brett

[4]. The purpose of these equations is to relate the initial

weight of a fish at the beginning of a time period, the pond

water temperature and the feed ration to the incremental

growth achieved during the period. A detailed description of

the biological aspects of the Stauffer equations is given in

[3].

We introduce the following notation:

4

- - the beginning of time period i,

T - - pond water temperature during time period i,

W. - 1

- the dry weight of a fish at t^,

G - - daily specific growth rate,

R - - daily ration (in fraction of body weight)

R - X

- the maximum ration which can be fed.

R - m

- the maintenance ration,

G - X

- the maximum growth rate.

The terms maximum ration and maintenance ration follow

Brett [4]. The maximum ration is the ration which gives the

maximum growth rate G , and any ration greater than R

does not increase the fish growth rate. The maintenance ration

gives a zero growth rate, and any ration less than R^ would

result in a loss of body weight.
10

The growth model is based on the exponential growth

equation

: T ' W.^^ = W.e (1)

and Stauffer's equations,

/ C =

'^x -"(7 S-VjTM) . (2)

X m

= (J^ "i'"' . (3)

XT - A

•r

' » (A^ 10 2

j X3 W. ; _ (4)

Equation (2) relates the specific growth rate G to the

maximum ration, the maintenance ration and the maximum growth

rate. Equations (3) - (5) give G^, and in terms of

the pond water temperature, initial body weight and the

parameters a-j^, a2 . Cy, A-^, A2 Ag. The a and

A parameters are part of the input to HATCH. Stauffer

derived the following values, but others may be used as

desired:
- 11 -

°'l

-15.949

= 1.3849

03 = -.046018

= .00069698

= -.0000038991

'^6 0383

= .3333

= .0397

X2 = .0280

X3 = .0321

X^ = .2165

X5 = -8.82

X, = 2.51

X^ = .171

Xg = .3333

In addition to initial weight, pond temperature, ration

and the a and X parameters, the Stauffer equations also

take into account the moisture content of feed and fish flesh

since is dry weight and R refers to dry weight of the

feed. Both of these moisture content parameters are input

variables to HATCH. The moisture content of fish flesh is an

optional variable, however, and a default value of .75 is

used by the program.
12

In HATCH, the growth of each lot of fish is modelled

from the time of ponding to final release from the hatchery.

The initial weight of the fish at ponding time is specified,

and subsequent growth is determined by the user by one of

two alternate methods -- by ration schedule or by weight

schedule. In the first method, the user specifies the daily

ration for the fish for each month the fish are in ponds.

Growth is then computed using equations (1) - (5) , and the

weight of the fish at the beginning of each time period is

obtained.

The weight schedule method of specifying growth operates

in the reverse fashion, i.e., the user specifies the weight/

fish for each month the fish are in ponds, and HATCH computes

monthly rations. This is accomplished by solving equations

(1) and (2) for G and R, respectively:

G

ln(W

t i+1

(6)

R = R +

m

- (R - R ) sin

TT X m

-1

(G/G^) (7)

Thus, equations (6) and (7) together with (3) - (5) give the

daily ration as a function of the weight schedule.

It may happen that the user has specified a growth
- 13 -

schedule which cannot be achieved because of the constraints

imposed by G and R . HATCH automatically tests for this

possibility, and if it occurs the new weight or ration is computed based on R and G . The output is also annotated to

?C X

inform the user of this modification.

While the weight and ration computations are carried out,

the water requirements of the fish for each time period are

also computed. These requirements are given in terms of gallons

per minute inflow per fish (GPM/fish). The water requirements

are dependent upon the weight of the fish and the temperature

of the pond water. The data required for these computations

are furnished by the user in the form of a table which gives

the pounds of fish per GPM that a pond can hold as a function

of weight and temperature. The HATCH model uses two-dimensional

linear interpolation to obtain the water requirements.

II. 3. Egg Computations

One of the more useful features of the HATCH model is the

ability to automatically compute the number of eggs that must

be taken to achieve a specified production goal. This can be

done because the sequence of events in HATCH has been structured

so that a complete knowledge of planned releases, pond mortalities, and water requirements per fish is available prior to the
14

actual egg computation. In fact, the process of hatchery

optimization uses the same information and can be viewed as

a type of egg computation. However, this will be covered

in the following section. In this section we are concerned

with the pure simulation case in which the releases have been

specified by the user.

The egg computations are based on a set of equations which

relate all factors affecting hatchery capacity to the initial

egg requirements. We must again introduce some notation:

N. -- the number of fish in the lot at

the beginning of time period i,

the survival rate for time period i,

D. -- the number of fish released at

the beginning of time period i,

B. -- D. /N. , 1 11

R. -- 1 - B. (R.N. is the number of fish

1 111

remaining after a release)

,

F. -- the water flow available during

time period i in GPM,

C. -- the GPM/fish water requirements for

the lot during time period i.

It follows from the definitions that the number of fish

alive at the beginning of time period i + 1 is

N,^^ = Q.N, , (8)
15

where = S^R^. For simplicity, we assume that the fish are

ponded in the first time period. Then U-^ is the initial

number of ponded fish and

N2 = Q^N^

N

n

1

Let T. = n Q.. We then have

N. = T.N^ , i = 2, 3 (9)

Equation (9) relates the number of fish alive at the beginning

of time period i to the initial number of ponded fish. The

survival rates and the release fractions form part

of the HATCH input

.

The next step is to relate the number of fish to the available

water flow for each time period. The water requirements of the

fish in time period i are ^-^^j^' these requirements must

not exceed the available water F.. Thus, we have the constraint

1

inequalities

C.N. < F. , i = 1, 2, . . . , n (10)
16

where n is the final time period the fish are in the hatchery.

Substituting for in (10) , we obtain

C.T.N, < F.

• . • .,; 1 1 1 - 1

or \: V < F./C.T. , i = 1, 2. . .

.

, n. (11)

Equation (11) states that the initial number of ponded fish must

satisfy n inequalities (one generated by each time period) in

order not to exceed the available water. Let F. = F./T.C.

1 111

and define

F^ = min |F } ... (12)

l<i<n

That is, Fj^ is the minimum of the n quantities F^, F2 , •

If we set N-j^ = F-^, then there will be sufficient water in the

hatchery for the fish in all time periods, and the total available

water will be used in time period M.

The number of eggs E is then given by

: . E = N^/(Sp-S^)

where Sp is the fry survival rate and S^, is the egg survival

rate .

.

In the above derivation it was tacitly assumed that n < 24

(recall that HATCH partitions the year into 24 time periods).
- 17 -

or, in other words, that the fish resided in the hatchery for

one calendar year or less. The egg computations must be slightly

modified for fish such as Coho salmon which reside in a hatchery longer than one year because of the overlap that occurs

between two successive brood years. The required modification

is readily obtained if the overlap problem is viewed not as two

successive brood years but rather as a single brood year overlayed on top of itself in a "wraparound" fashion.

* For the time periods in which the overlap occurs equation

(10) is replaced by

C.N. + C._^o/ N.^o/ < F. , (13)

1 1 1+24 1+24 - 1 ' '

where the first term gives the water requirements for age 0

fish, and the second term gives the requirements for age 1

fish of the same lot exactly one year later. Substituting for

and ^£+24 (13) , we obtain

C.T.N, + C-.o/ Ni < F. Ill 1+24 1+24 1 - 1 • or

< F./(C,T. + Ti+24) •

Ihus , the analysis is identical except for the modification

for the overlap time periods. It is important to note that the

above analysis for a 2-year fish such as Coho not only fills

the hatchery to capacity for any specified combination of releases
18

but also determines the exact ratio between age 0 fish and age

1 fish that is necessary to achieve full capacity.

One final remark should be made about the preceeding egg

computations. The equations relate eggs to available water,

and in most circumstances this is sufficient. However, it may

occur that it is not possible to use all of the available water

because of insufficient pond space resulting from pond conflicts

among the lots. In this case, HATCH will automatically cut the

number of fish back to available pond capacity by means of an

unplanned fish release.

II. 4. Lot and Hatchery Optimization

The egg computation equations derived in the preceeding

section assumed that the release fractions were known. With

a slight rearrangement, the same basic equations provide the

basis for a formulation of the egg computations in which both

the initial egg requirements and the optimal release fractions

can be obtained. We shall consider two cases: lot optimization

and hatchery optimization. Both options exist in the HATCH model.

The term lot optimization is used for the determination of

a set of releases which maximize the fishery contributions of

a lot relative to the feed expense of the lot. The major difference in the following development from that of Section II.

3

is in the treatment of the time sequence. In Section II. 3 we
19

worked forward in time, now we shall work backward in time

beginning with the final release . Following the same notation as in Section II. 4. we have that

^i+l = ^i^Ni- . (15)

Equation (15) is" merely a restatement of (8) and relates the

number of fish alive at

^j^+i

the number alive at t^ , the number released at t^ and the survival rate S^. Solving

(15) for (the reverse time process) we obtain

1 1 1+1 1 (16)

where = 1/S^. Starting with and proceeding backwards,

we have

N = D

n n

N T = K , N + D , n-1 n-1 n n-1

= K T D + D 1 n-1 n n-1

n-2 n-2 n-2 n-2

n-2 n-1 n n-2 n-1 n-2

and so on. In general, we may write

N. = n

D.

1 I iJ J j = l

(17)

where
a. . = 1 , 11 '

a..=K. a.,, ., i<i

ij 1 1+1, J

' -J

Equation (17) is the key equation of the hatchery optimization

process because it relates the lot population at any time period

to the (as yet unknown) releases . The constraint inequalities

in (10) can now be written

n

C. I a. . D. < F. , i = 1, 2, . .

.

, n. (18)

Let be the value per fish of fish released at time t^,

and let be the total expenditure in feed for a fish release

at t^ . Then the profit per fish of fish released at time t^

is " ^i' optimization means we want to select

the set of releases D. which maximizes the obiective function

1

n

Total Profit = I ?. D. . (19)

i=l ^

^

Since negative releases have no meaning, we must also impose

the constraint

D. > 0 i = 1, 2. . . . . n. (20)
- 21 -

Thus, the lot optimization problem consists of selecting the

releases which maximize (19) subject to the constraints

of (18) and (20)

.

This formulation of the lot optimization problem places the

problem in the area of mathematics known as linear programming,

and several techniques exist for obtaining computer generated

solutions to the problem. The HATCH model uses an algorithm

known as the revised Simplex algorithm (see Garvin [5]). After

the releases have been obtained from the revised Simplex

algorithm, the initial number of ponded fish is computed from

equation (17) with i = 1. The egg requirements are then computed as in Section II. 3 ,

E = N3^/(Sp.Sg) .

As in Section II. 3 the above derivation applies to fish

which reside in a hatchery one year or less. The overlap modification applied in that section can also be used to modify

equation (18) for 2 year fish.

Once the machinery has been developed to do lot optimization,

it is a simple step to perform hatchery operation. The term

hatchery optimization means the determination of a set of releases

that maximize the economic contribution of all of the lots in the

hatchery. Since each of the lots competes for water, only the

most economically productive lots will be selected, and the poorer
22 -

producing lots will be ignored. This gives a species selection

capability to the model in addition to the size and time of

release selection capability.

The equations for hatchery optimization are obtained by

simply adding some superscripts to the lot optimization equations.

We shall use the superscript I to denote lot £. Assume that

there are L lots in the hatchery, and let be the total water

available to the hatchery in time period i. Then the total

water constraint equation analogous to equation (18) is

Equation (21) states that the total water requirements of all

lots simultaneously cannot exceed the total flow to the hatchery.

The objective function becomes

1=1

(21)

Total Hatchery Profit = I J P. D. , 1=1 i=l ^ ^ (22)

and we still must have

> 0 . (23)

Thus, the hatchery optimization problem is simply an

expanded version of the lot optimization problem, and the

revised Simplex algorithm can be used to obtain the solution

in this case as well.
23

II. 5. Ponding and Planting

After the egg computations have been completed for a lot,

for each time period HATCH computes the population of the lot,

the total water requirements of the lot and assigns ponds to

the lot. The pond sizes are provided by the user in terms of

the maximum GPM inflow that each pond can accept. Ponds are

assigned to a lot according to the following rules which are

a close approximation to standard hatchery practice:

a. Fish of different lots cannot share ponds.

b. Age 0 fish and age 1 fish of the same lot

cannot share ponds.

c. The number of ponds assigned to the fish is

the minimum number required.

d. Once fish have been assigned a pond, they keep

the pond until additional pond space is required

or a release occurs.

The model also has an input option which permits the user to

reserve specific ponds for a lot.

All ponding computations are bypassed when the number of

ponds in the hatchery is set to 1 . In this case the model

assumes that all fish can share a single pond and restrictions

due to pond space conflicts are avoided. This option is of

particular value in applying HATCH to hatchery design problems

in which the determination of the number and sizes of the

hatchery ponds is an important problem.

As the HATCH model processes the pond requirements for each
24

time period, it also checks for fish releases. Two types of

releases can occur -- planned releases and unplanned releases.

A planned release is a release that was specified by the user

in the input to the model or which was determined by the lot/

hatchery optimization process. An unplanned release occurs

whenever there is insufficient water or pond space to satisfy

the requirements of a lot.

The HATCH model computes the crowding factor of the fish in

the ponds at each time period. The crowding factor is defined

to be the ratio of the water required by the lot to the pond

space allocated by HATCH. Whenever this ratio exceeds 1, the

lot has exceeded the holding capaKiity of the ponds as specified

by the capacity tables, and an unplanned plant occurs. In this

case, enough fish are released so that the remaining fish have

a crowding factor of 1. An input option is available which

permits the user to specify a crowding factor for a lot that

is other than 1.

'

For each release that occurs (both planned and unplanned) the

HATCH model records the number of fish released, the date of

release, and the size of the fish at release. This data is

'

passed to the fishery model for use in the fishery benefit

computations

.
25

II. 6. Hatchery Costs

The costs of hatchery operation are broken down into investment costs and operating costs. The investment costs are based

on the initial investment, the interest rate and the amortization

period specified by the user. The HATCH model assumes that the

initial investment has been borrowed at the given interest rate

and that the loan period is the same as the amortization period.

HATCH uses a standard mortgage payment schedule to compute

interest costs. The formula for computing a monthly mortgage

payment is

M

p = L

1 - (1+M) ^

where

P -- monthly payment,

L -- loan amount,

M -- monthly interest rate,

n -- loan period in months.

The average annual interest cost I and capital cost C are then

computed using

I = (nP - L)/A

C = L/A

where A is the amortization period in years. The sum I + C

is the total annual capital cost of the hatchery.
26

, ' The annual hatchery operating costs consist of base crew

wages, helper wages, feed costs, supply and maintenance costs,

an overhead cost, a pumping cost, trucking costs associated

with fish that are transported from the hatchery to remote

release sites, and a water reuse (temperature control) cost.

The annual base crew wage is independent of the amount of fish

reared in the hatchery. However, the user specifies the total

pounds of fish that the base crew can rear and the incremental

poundage that can be reared with the addition of a helper.

Whenever the total poundage of the releases exceeds the capacity

of the base crew, a sufficient number of helpers is added to the

crew on a full-time basis, and their salaries are added to the

total wage cost. The user specified overhead rate is then

applied to the total wage cost to obtain the hatchery overhead

cost.

The feed cost for the hatchery is the sum of the pounds of

feed fed to each lot times the cost of the feed. Maintenance

and supply costs are fixed costs and do not vary with the amount

of fish reared.

Pumping costs are obtained by multiplying the total amount

of water pumped (in GPM) by the cost of pumping a single GPM as

specified by the user. Trucking costs are based on the cost/mile

of operating a truck, the distance •the fish are hauled and the

number of trips required. Trucking costs are based on the use of
27

a standard 1000 gallon tank truck which carries 830 gallons of

water.

Water reuse costs are incurred when pond temperatures differ

from the ambient source water temperature and reflect the cost

of achieving this temperature differential. Four factors determine this cost: the temperature differential, the BTU's required

to heat one GPM one degree Fahrenheit, the BTU's required to cool

one GPM one degree Fahrenheit, and the cost of a BTU. All of these

factors are under input control.

II. 7. Fishery Benefits

The fishery model is used to compute the economic contribution to the fisheries and the escapement returns for each lot

of fish in the hatchery. Two principles form the basis of the

fishery model. First, the number of fish of each age that are

caught in a fishery is directly proportional to the number of

fish released. For example, we may say that .005 of the Coho

released from a hatchery are caught as three year old fish in

the Washington troll fishery. This type of information can be

derived directly from hatchery production records and fishery

catch statistics, and this approach greatly simplifies the fishery

model since all questions concerning the dynamics of the fisheries

are avoided. In essence, we are saying that for hatchery analysis

we are only interested in the pattern of the catch in the fisheries,
28

and we need not be concerned with the much deeper question of

why the pattern exists.

The second principle of the fishery model is that the fishery

contributions for each release are dependent upon the time of

the release and the size of the fish in the release, and that

this influence is a major factor which must be accounted for.

Within this framework, the fishery model is relatively

straightforward. For each lot of fish the user specifies a

range of release times and sizes. Then for each combination of

size and time of release performance data is specified for each

fishery. This data consists of the age of the fish, the fraction caught of the release, the average weight/fish of the

catch and the dollar/pound value of the catch. Escapement data

is also keyed to release size and time, and this data consists

of the age of the fish, the escapement fraction, the fraction

of the escapement that are male, and the value/fish of spawned

fish and excess fish.

A fishery performance table is constructed for each lot.

The entries in the table describe the catch contribution of a release which occurs at the specified size and time. For example,

suppose that fishery performance data exists for Coho salmon at

two sizes of release, April 1 and May 1 and at three time of

release, 15, 20 and 25 fish/pound. Then the table contains

fishery performance data for each of the six combinations of
29

size and time of release. The HATCH model uses two-dimensional

linear interpolation to compute the performance for other combinations of size and time of release, e.g., a release on April

15 at 22 fish/pound.

For every release of each lot of fish, the fishery model

uses the size and time of the release to compute the number of

fish caught in fishery, the weight of the fish, the value of the

fish and the total value of the catch. At the same time the

escapement results for the release are determined. The sole

exception to this procedure is that any unplanned release of

age 0 fish of a 2 year fish is considered to have a zero fishery

contribution.

In order to make the benefit: cost analysis more precise,

provision has been made in HATCH to discount the fishery benefits

by the formula

V = P

. (l+D)"-

where P is the catch value of a hatchery fish that is caught

at age i and V is the present value of that future benefit.

The catch and economic statistics are summarized for each

lot of fish that is reared. The fishery economic benefits and

hatchery costs are combined in a benefit: cost analysis which

is the final task of the HATCH model.
30

III . HATCH Input

. Although the HATCH model is written in FORTRAN the standard

input procedures provided by the FORTRAN format statement are

not used because of the lack of flexibility and the error

checking weaknesses of this statement. Instead, all input to

HATCH is based on the use of keywords and free-field formats.

Each data card contains a keyword which begins in column 1 and

which is followed by free-field data separated by blanks or

commas. Certain data cards may use more than one ke)rword. The

keyword on each card serves a dual purpose. It notifies the

input processor of the type of data on the card, and it provides

the user with a means for quickly locating a specific data item

when scanning the input listing. In addition, the use of keywords makes the input to the model reasonably order independent

in that a strict sequence of cards is not required. Certain

precedence requirements do exist, primarily in the fishery input.

The input to HATCH is divided into four main sections which

have keywords beginning with an asterisk. These keywords are:

^HATCHERY,

*LOT,

" *COST,

\ ^FISHERY.

Each of these asterisk keyword cards is followed by other (non

asterisk) keyword data cards. The last card in each group of
31

input that begins with an asterisk keyword card must be blank.

That is, each group on input cards must have an asterisk keyword card as the first card and a blank last card.

The "''^HATCHERY card is the header card for the group of data

cards which describe the physical parameters of the hatchery.

The biological parameters and release information for each lot

of fish is headed by a *LOT card. The investment costs and

operating costs of the hatchery are headed by the *COST card,

and the fishery performance data for each lot of fish are

headed by a "FISHERY card. A summary of the four data groups

is given in Appendix A.

All ^HATCHERY, -'LOT and *COST data groups must precede the

first occurrence of a '^FISHERY data group. A special asterisk

card, *END, must be used to indicate that all ^HATCHERY , *LOT

and "COST data have appeared. A *END card must also be used

to indicate that all ^FISHERY data cards have appeared. The

''^END card is not followed by a blank card (see the input listing

in Appendix B)

.

Since a complete analysis of a hatchery may require several

runs of the HATCH model with only minor variations to the input

deck, provision has been made for reading data from alternate

files as well as the card reader. The user may store the card

images for the *HATCHERY, *LOT and '^COST data groups in a file

written on magnetic tape or other storage medium. To make this
32

data available to the HATCH model, the file is assigned to

FORTRAN unit 1 using system control cards. In the same manner,

the "FISHERY data items can be stored and assigned to FORTRAN

unit 2 for input to the HATCH model.

The input sequence to HATCH proceeds as follows. First the

model checks unit 1 to see if any /^HATCHERY , ^'LOT , or ^COST data

reside on the unit. If so, it processes this data until a *END

or end-of-file is reached. It then checks the card input for

additional -HATCHERY, *LOT or -^COST data. If no data exists

on unit 1, the processor immediately accepts card data for

''HATCHERY, -'LOT and *COST. In both cases, the model will process

card input until a "'''"END card is reached.

After reaching the first *END card the input processor

checks unit 2 for "FISHERY data. If any data resides on the

unit it is accepted by the processor until either a *END card

or an end-of-file mark is reached. The processor then checks the

card reader for additional ^FISHERY data. If no data exists

on unit 2 the processor immediately accepts data from the card

reader. In both cases, card input is accepted until a ^END is

reached. This terminates input processing.

The use of key words by the HATCH model enhances the above

process by providing a simple technique for overriding previously entered data. For instance, if the user wishes to change

a data item entered from the unit 1 data set, it is not necessary
33

to recreate or alter the data set. Instead, the data item is

placed in the input card deck. Since card data is processed

after unit 1 data, the new value for the data item will override

the value obtained from unit 1. The ''^FISHERY data on unit 2

is treated slightly differently because of the complex indexing

that is done by HATCH to minimize the storage requirements for

this data. Data changes to a portion of a "^^'FISHERY data group

require that the entire group be reentered from cards.

Several conventions have been followed in the input data

and in the following descriptions of the input. A standard

format of month number/day number is used for all date input,

e.g., June 10 is 6/10. All dates are converted to the corresponding model time period. Days 1-15 of a month correspond

to the first half-month period, and days 15-31 correspond to

the second half-month period.

Certain keyword cards in the *LOT section have an optional

keyword, AGE-1, which appears in brackets in the data description. This is used to distinguish the parameters of age 0 and

age 1 fish for a 2 year lot. This keyword must appear whenever

age 1 parameters are entered.

Several keyword cards use a positional notation to distinguish time. For instance, the first number of 12 numbers which

describe monthly data refers to January and the last refers to

December. Consequently, leading zeros are required to maintain
34

the correct sequential correspondence if the data begins in a month other than January,

A group of data terms which can be repeated on a card is

indicated by a terminal ellipsis.

The remainder of this section gives the formats of each of

the keyword cards used by the HATCH model. The card descriptions are grouped according to the asterisk card they follow.

III. I. Hatchery Data

•'-HATCHERY

No additional data appears on this card. The card is used

solely to indicate the start of hatchery data.

NAME hatchery name . -

The hatchery name is used to identify the output. It may

begin in any column after 5 and may fill the rest of the

card.

Example :

. , NAME MINTER CREEK TEST 5

FLOW water available to the hatchery by month (12 numbers)

The units of flow input are gallons/minute (GPM) . The first

number on the card in the January flow; the final number is

the December flow. The flow may be either integers or decimal numbers

.

Example

FLOW 9000,9000,9000,8500.8000.8000,7500,7000,8000,8500,8200,9000
35

WATER semi-monthly ambient source water temperatures

(24 numbers)

The unit of temperature is Fahrenheit degrees. The number

may be integer or decimal. The first number is for the

first half of January; the last is for the last half of

December. More than one card may be used.

Example

WATER 42,42,43,43,43,44,44,45,47,49,51,52

WATER 54,55,55,54,54,53,50,49,48,46,44,43

PONDS The number of ponds in the hatchery.

The maximum number of ponds is 100.

Example

PONDS 26

SIZES The capacity (in GPM)of the ponds in the hatchery.

This card is used to give the capacity for each of the

rearing ponds in the hatchery. The PONDS card must

preceed the SIZES card, and as many SIZES cards as

necessary may be used to provide the capacity information.

The SIZES card uses two special formats to specify pond

capacities:

(Pj^. "' ^n " ^^^^ '

(P^ - P^ = CAP) .

The first format indicates that ponds Pj^, P2,

all have a capacity of CAP GPM. The number of ponds

listed in this manner is limited only by the width of

the card. The second format indicates that ponds P-j^

through P^ all have capacity CAP. More than one set

of parentheses may appear on a SIZES card. The pond

numbers used by HATCH begin with 1 and end with the

number of ponds in the hatchery. The following example

assigns sizes to ponds 1 through 26.

Example

SIZES (1,3,5 = 250), (6 - 10 = 700), (25,26 = 1000)

SIZES (18,19,2,4 = 700), (11 - 18 = 800)
36

III. 2. Lot Data

'^LOT Lot name, number of years in hatchery

Lot name (from 1 to 20 characters) identifies the lot. The

number of years in the hatchery is either 1 for fish residing

one year or less in the hatchery, or 2 for fish which reside

from 1 to 2 years in the hatchery. The maximum number of

lots in a hatchery depends on the years/ lot parameter. The

maximum is 10 for all 2 year lots or 20 for all 1 year lots.

Example : ^ - '^LOT COHO , 2

SURVIVAL egg survival, fry survival, 12 monthly survival rates

SURVIVAL AGE-1 12 monthly survival rates

The first form of the SURVIVAL card is used to give the

total egg survival rate, total fry survival rate and the

monthly pond survival rates. This card is used for 1 year

fish and for age 0 of 2 year fish. The second form of the

SURVIVAL card gives the pond survival rates for age 1 of a

2 year fish

.

Example

SURVIVAL . 7, . 75, .9, . 9, .9. .93, .93, .93, .95, .95, .95, .95, .96, .96

SURVIVAL AGE-1 . 96 , . 96 , . 96 , . 96 , . 96 , . 96 , . 96 , . 97 , . 97 , . 97 , . 98 , . 98

TIME spawning date, fry date, pond date, adult return date

This card specifies the dates on which the following events

occur: spawning date -- date egg taking begins,

fry date -- date hatching begins,

ponding date -- date fish are transferred to rearing ponds

adult return date -- date adult return begins.

These dates are used in conjunction with the WATER card (see

below) to specify special hatchery water requirements.

Example:

TIME 10/15, 1/1, 3/1, 9/1 .
37

WATER egg water, fry water, adult water

This card is used in conjunction with the preceeding TIME

card to specify special hatchery water requirements (in GPM)

for holding eggs, fry and spawners. The egg water requirements apply between the spawning date and the fry date; the

fry water requirements apply between the fry date and the

ponding date; the adult water requirements apply between

the adult return date and the spawning date. The water requirements specified on this card are reserved during these

time periods, and this water is not available for rearing

pond use. The water requirements specified on this card

are fixed and are independent of the number of eggs, fry

or adults, so average values should be used.

The WATER card is optional. Zero values are assumed

by HATCH when it is not used.

Example

.

WATER 300, 450, 3000

S-T TEMP [AGE-1] temperature coordinates for water requirements table

S-T WT [AGE-1] weight coordinates for water requirements table

S-T PPG [AGE-1] (temperature, weight. PPG), ... These three data cards are used to specify the two dimensional

table which gives the pounds of fish that one GPM inflow to a

pond (PPG -- pounds per gallon) can hold as a fxjnction of pond

water temperature (F°) and fish weight (fish per pound) . The

TEMP card and WT card specify the coordinate values of the

table and must preceed the PPG card. The PPG card gives the

table entries. Multiple PPG cards are permitted. The maximum

number of temperature coordinates is 5. The maximum number

of weight coordinates is 7 . If AGE-1 values are not specified

for a 2 year fish, then the age 0 values will be used.

Example

S-T TEMP 38, 60

S-T WT 15, 500

S-T PPG (38,15,7), (38,500,3), (60,15,2)

S-T PPG (60,500, .5) .

RATION [Age-1] monthly rations ( % body weight)

This card specifies the growth schedule for the lot by the

amount of food fed as a percentage of body weight.

Example

RATION 0,0,3,3,5,4
38

WEIGHT [AGE-1] monthly weight schedule (fish/pound)

This card specifies the growth schedule of the lot by the

monthly weight of the fish.

Example

WEIGHT 0 , 0 , 850 , 450 , 180 , 100

PDWT weight of fish when first ponded (fish/pound)

This card gives the weight of the fish when first placed

in rearing ponds and initiates the growth process.

Example

PDWT 1100

GROWTH seven X growth parameters

GROWTH A eight a growth parameters

GROWTH lot name

These cards provide the values of the X and a parameters

for the Stauffer growth equations (see Section II. 2.). The

first two cards are used to provide the values of the para-

^ meters. The third card is used when the parameters of the

current lot are the same as a previous lot. The maximum

number of different sets of growth parameters is 5.

Example:

GROWTH DELAYED COHO ,

FEED [AGE-1] feed name, moisture content, cost ($/pound)

This card gives the name of the feed (10 characters or less),

the fraction of the feed that is water, and the feed cost.

Example

FEED 0MP,.32,.25
39

GCT [AGE-1] semi-monthly pond water temperatures

GCT [AGE-1] lot name

These cards give the pond water temperatures for water reuse

systems in which the pond temperatures differ from the ambient

source water temperatures. (GCT -- growth control temperature).

The first version of this card is used to give the temperature

values in degrees Fahrenheit. Multiple cards are allowed.

The second version of the GCT card is used when the temperatures of this lot are the same as a previous lot. A maximum

of 5 different sets of pond water temperatures (other than

the ambient temperatures) may be stored in HATCH.

Example

GCT 45,45,45,45,45,45.47,47.47,47,47,47

GCT 47,47.47.47,47,47,45,45,45,45,45,45

PLANT AGE-1 (date, fraction released, fraction trucked,

distance trucked) ....

This card gives the required data for user specified fish

releases. For each release the user must specify the date

of the release, the fraction of the lot population released,

the fraction of the release that is trucked to a remote

planting site, and the distance the fish are hauled. The

latter two numbers are used to compute trucking costs. The

fraction released refers to the current population. Therefore, the final release always has a fraction of 1. To

override PLANT data which appears on unit 1, the first

PLANT card for the lot must be blank.

Example:

PLANT

PLANT (4/15. .5, .5,25) , (6/1,1,0,0)

EGGS Ml , niimber of eggs

EGGS M2. date, capacity fraction

EGGS M3. date, capacity fraction

EGGS M4, capacity fraction

EGGS M5, capacity fraction

EGGS M6

EGGS M7
40

These seven cards give the various options available for egg

computations. For method Ml the user specifies explicitly

the number of eggs. In methods M2 and M3 the user specifies

a date and the fraction of the hatchery water to be utilized

by the lot on that date. In method M2 the fraction refers

to water that has not been utilized by a higher priority lot

(unused water) . In method M3 the fraction refers to the

total hatchery flow, used or unused. In methods M4 and M5

the user specifies only a capacity fraction. For these two

methods the HATCH model multiplies F^ (see Section II. 3.) by

the capacity fraction to obtain the number of eggs. Method

M4 refers to unused water, M5 to total flow. Method M6 is

for lot optimization and method M7 is for hatchery optimization.

Example

EGGS M2, 9/15, . 75

PONDS [AGE-1] list of pond numbers

Pond numbers listed on this card will be reserved for either

age 0 or age 1 fish of this lot. This card can be used to

insure that the fish of the lot are placed in the specified

ponds. This card is optional.

Example:

PONDS AGE-1 2,5,17,26

C-F [AGE-1] crowding factor '

This card specifies the maximum permissible crowding factor

(see Section II. 5.). An unplanned plant will occur whenever

the specified factor is exceeded. This card is optional.

Example

C-F . 1.25 ;

FECUND (age, number of eggs), ... This card specifies the fecundity of the fish for the listed

ages. This data is used to compute the number of female

spawners required.

Example

FECUND (3,2500), (4,3500). (5,4500)
- 41 -

PRIORITY lot priority

This card gives the priority number of the lot for water

and pond space allocation purposes. The highest priority

is 1 and the lots must be assigned sequential priority

numbers

.

Example:

PRIORITY 2

TRUCK (fish weight, pounds/gallon),

TRUCK lot name

The TRUCK card is used to specify the maximum density

(pounds/gallon) of fish in a tank truck as a function of

fish weight (fish/pound) . A maximum of six weights may be

specified. The second version of the TRUCK card is used

when the density data is identical to the data of a previous

lot. A maximum of 5 distinct sets of trucking density data

may be stored in HATCH. The density data is used to determine the number of pounds of fish that can be hauled in one

truck load when being transported to a remote release site.

Example

TRUCK (75. .5). (50, .75), (30.1). (15,2)

FISH moisture content

This card gives the moisture content of fish flesh for the

lot and is optional. The default value is .75.

Example:

FISH .8

III. 3. Cost Data

The input data described in this section covers the investment and operational costs of the hatchery. Since the cost

data cards are very simple, all examples are deferred until the

end of the section. Costs are all given in dollars. All cost

data (including the ^COST card) are optional.

"COST

No additional information appears on this card. It is used

solely to indicate the beginning of the cost input.
42

INVEST

INTEREST

AMORT

DISCOUNT

BASECREW

HELPER

MAINT

SUPPLY

OVERHEAD

PUMP

TRUCK

REUSE

the dollar investment in the hatchery

the annual rate on the investment

the amortization period for the investment

the rate for discounting future benefits

number of men, total monthly salary,

maximum poundage

monthly salary/helper, incremental poundage

monthly maintenance cost

monthly supply cost

overhead rate

minimum flow level, pumping cost/GPM

The minimum flow level is the flow in GPM that is

available to the hatchery without pumping. The

hatchery incurs pumping costs whenever this level

is exceeded.

cost /mile

BTU/GPM heating requirements,

BTU/GPM cooling requirements, cost/BTU

Examples

INVEST

INTEREST

AMORT

DISCOUNT

BASECREW

HELPER

MAINT

SUPPLY

OVERHEAD

PUMP

TRUCK

REUSE

1000000

.08

30

.08

4,3200,100000

750,25000

300

300

.22

3500, .00001

.45

.01, .02, .0004
- 43 -

III. 4. Fishery Data

The fishery data cards specify the fishery performance

characteristics for each lot of fish. Because of the large

amount of data that can be required, the fishery data is more

structured in that a stricter ordering of the cards is necessary.

The SIZES, TIMES, AGES and FISHERIES cards must preceed all

other fishery data cards because these cards initiate critical

index calculations for the fishery model. A SIZETIME card must

preceed each group of fishery performance data cards, NAME, DATA

and ESCAPE. The formats of the fishery cards are given below;

reference should also be made to the fishery data examples in

Appendix C.

^FISHERY lot name

This card is the first card of the fishery data for the specified lot name . The lot name must have appeared previously on

a ^^OT card.

Example

''^FISHERY DELAYED COHO

SIZES weight at release coordinates (fish/pound)

This card gives the release weight coordinate values for the

fishery performance table. A maximum of four weights may be

specified. If no size and time of release information is

available, this card must be left blank. In this case, every

combination of size and time of release has the same fishery

performance parameters.

Example:

SIZES 25,15,10

SIZES

TIMES date of release coordinates

This card gives the release date coordinate values for the

fishery performance table. A maximum of four dates may be

specified. This card must be left blank when no size and

and time of release data is available.

Example:

TIMES 3/15, 4/15, 5/15
44

AGES youngest fishery age, oldest fishery age

This card specifies the age span of the fish in the fishery

and/or in the escapement. For Coho salmon these values

would typically be 2 and 3, for Chinook 2 and 5.

Example

AGES 2,3

FISHERIES number of fisheries

This card specifies the number of different fisheries for

the lot for which catch data will be provided. The maximum

number of fisheries for any one lot is immaterial except in

that the total number of fisheries for all lots may not

exceed 200,

Example:

FISHERIES 8

SIZETIME weight, date

The SIZETIME card specifies a coordinate pair of release

sizes and times. All fishery performance data which follows

this card applies to the specified size and time coordinate

pair until either another SIZETIME card is reached or the

fishery data for the lot is terminated by a blank card.

This card must be left blank when the SIZES and TIMES cards

are blank.

Example

SIZETIME 25, 4/15

NAME fishery name

The NAME card specifies a fishery name (a maximum of 20

characters) . All DATA cards which follow this card give

performance data for the named fishery. The fishery names

in each set of SIZETIME data must be identical.

Example

NAME P, SOUND GILL NET
- 45 -

DATA age, fraction caught, average weight/ fish,

dollar/pound catch value

This card gives the fishery performance data for fish of the

specified age. The fraction caught is the fraction of the

number of fish released at the hatchery that are caught in

the fishery. The weight per fish is the average weight

(pounds) of the fish at the specified age in the fishery.

For sport fisheries, it is generally simplest to artificially

set the weight to 1. The dollar/pound catch value then gives

a dollar/fish value for sport fish. The total number of data

cards for all sizes and times of release and all lots may

not exceed 1000.

Example"

DATA 3,00027, 7.8, .95

ESCAPEMENT age, escapement fraction, male fraction, excess

male value, excess female value, spawned male

value, spawned female value

The card specifies the escapement performance data for fish

of the specified age. The escapement fraction is the fraction of the hatchery fish released that return to the hatchery

for spawning. The male fraction specifies the fraction of

the escapement that is male. The excess male and female

values are the dollar/fish values of the escapement that is

not required for spavming. The spawned male and female

values are the dollar/fish values of the carcasses of the

fish used for spawning.

Example

ESCAPEMENT 3 , . 0012 , . 45 , 2 . 00 , 6 . 00 , . 50 . . 50

EQUAL lot name

When two lots of fish have identical fishery performance

parameters, this card can be used to eliminate the need

to replicate the input data. The lot name refers to a lot for which all fishery data has been entered. In this

case, the EQUAL card is the only card that is required

after the ^FISHERY card.

Example

EQUAL DELAYED COHO
46

III. 5. Input Error Checking

The HATCH program performs a substantial amount of input

testing as the data cards are being processed, and error messages are printed when input errors are detected. For the

most part, these messages are self-explanatory. However,

input errors frequently occur which make it impossible to

fully identify the cause of the problem. In this case a

generic error message, ***DATA ERROR***, is printed. In all

cases, the input card which caused the error is also printed.

Generally, the above error message is caused by missing data,

and the problem can be detected by rechecking the card format.

When an input error occurs, the HATCH model does not perform any calculations. However, since the standard FORTRAN

input procedures are not used, and input error does not

immediately terminate HATCH execution. Instead, all remaining

input cards will be examined for possible errors. This feature

greatly reduces lost time that can be caused by multiple input

errors

.
47

IV. HATCH Output

The output from the HATCH model consists of five types of

reports: A hatchery performance summary for each lot, a water

usage plot, a pollution analysis report, a fishery benefits

summary for each lot and an economic analysis report. A complete set of output from HATCH is provided in Appendix C. To

a large extent the output is self-explanatory, and only brief

descriptions of these reports are given below.

The hatchery performance summaries are presented in lot

priority order. The pond water temperature column and the

source water temperature column will be identical unless water

reuse data is supplied. The units for the daily ration column

are percent body weight, i.e., 3.10 means the fish are fed

3.1% of their body weight daily during the time period. The

food conversion factor for a time period is the ratio of the

total amount of food fed to the incremental weight gain. The

water available column gives the amount of unused water in the

hatchery for the time period before the current requirements

have been satisfied. The unused water column gives the amount

of water left after the current requirements have been satisfied.

A zero in this column indicates that the hatchery is full. The

final column of this report gives the percentage of the total

hatchery water that is allocated to the lot. The pond space

column gives the total pond space (in GPM) that has been allocated
48

to the lot. The next to last column gives the percentage of

the allocated pond space that is actually required by the lot.

This column and the pond space column are meaningless when the

pond calculations have been bypassed. Whenever an unplanned

plant occurs it will be flagged with a double asterick. Whenever the growth schedule is altered because of the maximum

ration limit, the daily ration is flagged with a single asterisk.

The water usage plot shows the overall allocation of water

to all lots in the hatchery. The plot indicates the water

requirements of each lot and age group for every time period.

The water pollution report provides a summary of the total

amount of pollutants produced daily in the hatchery and the

concentration of these pollutants in the hatchery effluent.

This report gives the total source water flow, the total weekly

feed, the total daily feed and the dry weight of the total daily

feed for each time period. The total daily feed is multiplied

by the following constants (see Wood [6]) to obtain the daily

production of pollutants.

Pollution Parameter HATCH Abbreviation lb/lb of food

Ammonia nitrogen Ammonia .032

Biochemical oxygen demand BOD .34

Nitrate nitrogen Nitrate .087

Oxygen consumption Oxygen use .25

Phosphate Phosphate .005

Settleable solids Solids .30
49

For each of the above pollution parameters the daily production and the concentration (pounds/GPM) is given for every

time period.

The fishery contribution reports gives the total catch,

average value per fish and catch value for each age and for

each fishery to which a lot contributes. The report summarizes

the contributions of all releases for the lot. It also gives

the escapement statistics for the lot and an overall summary

of egg requirements and catch activity.

The economic analysis report summarizes both the capital

costs and operating costs of the hatchery, lists the total

value of the catch. It also gives the benefit: cost ratio

for the hatchery when operated according to the management

policy specified by the input data.
50

V, Other Hatchery Applications

The data handling and analysis techniques developed for

the HATCH model have important applications to hatchery management outside of production planning. It is commonly estimated

that a hatchery manager spends at least 10-20% of his time in

report preparation activities. A large fraction of these

activities consists of simple but time consuming computations

and data recording required for hatchery reports. Typical of

the type of calculation required is the conversion from pounds

of food per pond to a percent body weight ration. A much more

efficient approach to weekly or monthly report generation

would be to use an automated system in which the hatchery

operator would need only to record the data input from his

hatchery. All computations and the actual reports preparation

could then be computer generated. At the same time the data

could be stored in a data base for input to future hatchery

analyses. Hatchery reports could either be produced at a

central site and mailed to the manager, or they could be printed

at the hatchery through the use of teletype equipment. In either

case, the hatchery operator is freed from a tedious task and

would be able to devote more time to his primary task of hatchery

management. This type of procedure is well within the capabilities

of current technology.
51

A particularly useful application of HATCH model techniques

is in the area of growth and feed computations for the hatchery.

Because of the complexity of the growth process and its dependence on pond water temperature, the determination of feed rates

is a constant problem. The growth equations in the HATCH model

can be used to provide recommended feed rates to the hatchery

manager as frequently as desired. This can be especially useful

in years for which the actual temperature profiles differ substantially from the average profiles that were used during production planning. The same growth equations can be used to

obtain initial growth schedules and to compute modifications

that may be required because of unusual circumstances.

In general , the day to day operation of a hatchery contains

many opportunities for significant improvements through the

application of automated data handling and analysis techniques.

However, one important fact must always be remembered. The

purpose of the HATCH model and other automated techniques is to

serve as tools for the hatchery manager; they cannot possibly

replace him. The ultimate value of these techniques lies in

their ability to enhance the skills of the manager and, consequently, to increase hatchery productivity.

Appendix A

HATCH Input Summary
References

Johnson, Frederick C. , "Fish Hatchery Modelling & Analysis"

Report D180-17518-1, The Boeing Company, Seattle, June 1973

Hager, Robert, "Preliminary Results of the 1969 Brood Coho

Time and Size at Release Study", Proceedings of the 23rd

Annual Northwest Fish Cultural Conference, Seattle,

November 1973,

Stauffer, Gary Dean, "A Growth Model for Salmonids Reared

in Hatchery Environments", Ph.D. Thesis, University of

Washington, Seattle, 1973.

Brett, J.R., et. al., "Growth Rate and Body Composition

of Finger ling Sockeye Salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, in

relation to Temperature and Ration Size", J. Fish. Res.

Bd. Canada, Vol. 26, No. 9, 1969.

Garvin, Walter W., "Introduction to Linear Programming",

McGraw-Hill, New York, 1960.

Wood, James W., "Washington State Department of Fisheries

Policy Statement on Pollution Aspects of Salmon Hatchery

Effluents", Washington State Department of Fisheries,

Olympia, Wa . , April 1973.
Appendix A

HATCH Input Summary

A-1

The input to HATCH consists of four classes of data --

hatchery physical data, cost data, lot biological and management data, and fishery performance data. The input content

for each of these classes is summarized below. An asterisk

denotes optional data.

Hatchery Data

o Hatchery name

o Monthly average water flows to hatchery

o Semi-monthly ambient water temperatures

o number of ponds

o pond sizes

Cost Data -- All cost data are optional

o Investment amount

o Interest rate

o Amortization period

o Discount rate

o Base crew salary and production capacity

o Extra helper salary and production capacity

o Maintenance costs

o Supply costs

o Overhead rate

o Pumping costs

o Trucking costs

o Water reuse and temperature control costs
A-2

Lot Data ; ^ \

. o Lot name

o Number of years lot is in hatchery (1 or 2)

•

, o Lot priority

o Egg and fry survival rates

o Monthly survival rates for ponded fish

'=''^0 Water requirements for eggs, fry and spawners

o Dates for taking eggs, egg hatching, ponding of

fish, and spawner return

o Table of pond capacities as a function of pond

water temperature and fish size

'^o Semi-monthly pond water temperatures

o Fish weight at initial ponding

o Monthly growth schedule (by ration or weight)

o Stauffer growth equation parameters

o Feed costs and moisture content

*o Schedule of planned fish releases

o Egg computation method

'^o Pond reservations

'^'o Crowding factor

''=0 Fecundities

'^o Table of tank truck capacities as a function of

fish weight

-o Moisture content of fish flesh
A-3

Fishery Data

o Lot name

o Range of sizes of fish at release time

o Range of dates of release

o Number of fisheries

o Age range of lot in the fisheries

o Fishery names

o Fishery performance data -- age, percentage

contribution, average weight/fish, dollar/

pound catch value

*o Escapement data -- age, percentage escapement,

male percentage, dollar/ fish values for excess

males, excess females, spawned males, spawned

females

.

Appendix B

HATCH Input Example

B-1

•HATCHERY

NAME MINTEP. CI^EEK 5ASELIME

FLOW 15120,15120, 15120, 151i;0,151i;0,J51i;0, 151^0, 15120, 9 3^0, 9 3';iO,93AO, 93^0

POND 1 WATER AO, ^1,^1, 43, 44, ^5, 47, 46, 50, 51, 52, 53, 53, 54, 5^, 53, 53, 51, 50, ^8, ^6, 46,^^,

•COST I INVEST 1000000

INTEREST .06

AMORT 3 0 DISCOUNT .06

BASECREU 4,2952,100000

HELPER 600,25000

MA I NT 100

SUPPLY 150

OVERHEAD .22 _ •LOT COHO 2 PRIORITY 1 SURVIVAL .935 , . 924, 1 . , 1 . ,. 998, . 988 , . 994 , .997 , . 996 , .998 , .997, .996 , .998, .99 7 SURVIVAL AGE-1 . 999 , . 999 , . 999 , . 998 , . 995 , . 994 , . 999 , 1 . , 1 . , 1 . , 1 . ,

»

WATER 200,200,0

TIME 1/1,2/15,4/1,10/1

PDUT 1107.

WEIGHT 1107, 1107, 1107, 1107, 591, 252, 135, 84, 61, 52, 45, 38

WEIGHT AGE-1 35.5,34.4,33.1,29.2,16.2,15.3,11.9,9.0,9,9,9,9

GROWTH .0 397 ,.0280, .0321, .21 65, -8.82, 2. 51, .171,. 3333

GROWTH A -15. 949, 1 . 3849 ,-. 0460 180 ,. 00069698 ,-. 0000038991 ,. 0383, .3333

FEED .32,0MP,.2l

FEED AGE-1 .32,0MP,.21

PLANT AGE-1 (4/15,1,0,0)

EGGS M4,l

FECUND (3,1885)

S-T TEMP 38,48,58,63

S-T WT 1000,500,100,50,33,25,15

S-T PPG (38, 1000, 3. 5), (38, 500, 5.0), (38, 100, 8.0), (38, 50, 11.0), (38, 33, 15.0)

S-T PPG (46, 1000, 2. 7), (48, 500, 4.0), (48, 100, 6.0), (48, 50,10.0), (48, 33, 14.0)

S-T PPG (58 , 1 000 , 2.2) , (58 ,500 ,3. 0 ) , (56 , 1 00 ,4. 5 ) , ( 56 ,50 , 7 . 0 ) , ( 58 , 33 , 1 0 . 0 ) S-T PPG (63, 1 000 , I . 7) , (63 ,500 ,2. 0 ) , (63, 1 00 , 3.5) , (63,50 , 5.0), (63, 33, 7.0)

S-T PPG (38 ,25 , 20 ) , (48 ,25 , 16) , (56 , 25 , 1 2) , (63,25 ,9)

S-T PPG (38 , 15 , 25 ) , (48 , 15 , 18 ) , (58, 15 , 15) , (63, 15, I 0 ) S-T TEMP AGE-l 38,43,58,63

S-T WT AGE-1 1000,500,100,50,33,25,15

S-T PPG AGE-1 (38 , 1 000 ,3.5 ) , (38 ,500 ,5 ), { 38, 1 00 ,8) , (33 ,50 , 1 1 ) , ( 33 ,33 , 15)

S-T PPG AGE-1 (48, 1 000 ,2. 7) , (48 ,500 ,4) , (48 , 1 00 ,6 ) , (48,50 , 1 0 ) , (48 ,33. 14)

S-T PPG AGE-1 (58 , 1 000 ,2. 2) , (58 ,500 ,3) , (58 , 1 00 ,4.5 ) , (48,50 ,7 ) , (58 ,33, 1 0)

S-T PPG AGE-1 (63, 1 000 , 1 . 7) , ( 63,500 ,2) , ( 63, 1 00 ,3.5) , (63,50 ,5 ), (63,33,7)

S-T PPG AGE-1 (38 ,25 , 20 ) , (48 ,25 , 16) , (58 , 25 , 1 2) , (63,25,9)

S-T PPG AGE-1 ( 38 , 15 ,25) , (48 , 15 , 18 ) , (58 , 15 , 15) , (63, 15, 1 0

)

C-F AGE-1 1 C-F 1

\•LOT CHINOOK 1 PRIORITY 2 SURVIVAL .887, .964, 1 . , .999, . 995 , . 997 , .997 , . 996 , . 999, 1 . , .999, .999 , .999, .999

WATER 10 0,100,0

TIME 11/1,1/1,3/1,9/1

WEIGHT 864,864 ,864,437 ,187, 91. 4, 49. 9, £7. 5, IS. 3, 16, 16, 16 PDWT 364

GROWTH .0 397 ,.0280, .0321, .21 65, -8. 62, 2. 51, .171, .3 333

GROWTH A -15.949, 1. 3649, -.0 46 0180, .00069693, -.00000 38991, .0 38 3, .3333

FEED .32,GMP,.21

PLANT (6/1,1,0,0) » EGGS . M4,

1

FECUND (3,4644) , (4 ,4644) , ( 5 ,4644)

S-T TEMP 38,48,58,63

S-T WT 1000,500,100,50,33,25,15

S-T PPG ( 38, 1000, 3.0), (38, 500, 4. 0), (38, 100, 6.0), (33, 50, 6.0), (38, 33, 11.0)

S-T PPG (48 , 1 000 ,2. 5 ) , (48 ,500 ,3. 0 ) , ( 43 , 1 00 , 5. 0 ), ( 46 ,50 , 6.5 ) , ( 48 ,33 , 9.0)

S-T PPG (58, 1000, 2.0), (58, 500, 2. 2), (58, 100, 3. 5), (53, 50, 4. 5), (53, 33, 6.0)

S-T PPG (63, 1000, 1.0), (63, 500, 1.2), (63, 100, 3.0), (63, 50, 3. 5), (63, 33, 4.0)

S-T PPG (36, 25, 12), (43, 25, 10), (58, 25, 7. 5), (63, 25, 5)

S-T PPG (38, 15 , 13) , (48 , 15 , 1 1 ) , (58 , 15 ,9) , (63, 15 ,5.5)

C-F 1
B-2

•FISHERY COHO

SIZES 37,13.7,13.69,5.2

TIMES 3/15,6/15,8/1

AGES 2,3

FISHERIES 8 SIZETIME 37,3/15

NAME CANADA TROLL

DATA 3, .00822518, 5.53, .57

NAME CANADA NET

DATA 3, .00415^05, 7.84, .32

NAKE WASH. TP.OLL

DATA 3 , . 0 0 187 04/^,6.41 ,,57

NAME WASH. PUGET NET

DATA 3, .00372137, 6.53, .39

NAME WASH. OCEAN SPORT

DATA 3, .00146649,1. ,17.50

NAME VA5H. PUGET SPORT

DATA 3, .00084 27 9 , 1. ,18.07

NAME OREGON TROLL

DATA 3 , . 0 0 007840 ,6. 41 , .57

NAME OHEGQN SPORT

DATA 3 , . 0 0 0 0 1 38S , I . , 17.50

ESCAPE 2, .00060800, 1., l.Ol, 0, .40, 0 ESCAPE 3, .00645808, .5, 2.03, 3.23, .81, .81

SIZETIME 13.7,3/15

NAME CANADA TROLL

DATA 3, .02794298, 5.71, .57

NAME CANADA NET

DATA 3, .01411234, 8.10, .32

NAME WASH. TROLL

DATA 3 ,. 00635437 ,6.61 , .57

NAME WASH. PUGET NET

DATA 3, .0 1264241, 6.75, .39

NAME VASH. OCEAN SPORT

DATA 3, . 00498203, 1 ., 17.73

NAME WASH. PUGET SPORT

DATA 3 ,. 002863 1 7 , 1 ., 18.37

NAME OREGON TROLL

DATA 3, .00026636,6.61 ,.57

NAME OREGON SPORT

DATA 3 , . 00 0047 16 , 1 ., 17.73

ESCAPE 2, .00206552, 1., 1.05, 0, .42, 0 ESCAPE 3, .02193971, .5, 2.10, 3.30, .84, .84

SIZETIME 37,6/15 , ,,.

, NAME CANADA TROLL

DATA 3, .02381436, 5.26, .57

NAME CANADA NET

DATA 3, .01202722, 7.46, .32 , : NAME WASH. TROLL ' -• DATA 3 ,. 0 0541 550 ,6. 09 , .57

NAME WASH. PUGET NET

DATA 3, .01077447, 6.21, .39

NAME WASH. OCEAN SPORT

DATA 3 , . 00424593 , 1 . , 17. 1 3 NAME WASH. PUGET SPORT

•DATA 3, .002440 13, 1 ., 17.62

NAME OREGON TROLL \^ ^ DATA 3 , . 00 022700 ,6. 09 , .57

NAME OREGON SPORT

DATA 3, .00004019,1. ,17. 13 ESCAPE 2, .00176034, 1., .95, 0, .38, 0 ESCAPE 3, .01369608, .5, 1.90, 3.10, .76, .76
B-3

SIZETIME 13.7,6/15

NAME CANADA TROLL

DATA 3, .0^353217, 5. A3, .57

NAME CANADA NET

DATA 3, .02198551, 7.71, .32

NAME WASH. TROLL

DATA 3, .009899^2, 6. 30, .57

NAME WASH. PUGET NET

DATA 3, .01969551, 6.43, .39

NAME WASH. OCEAN SPORT

DATA 3, . 00776 147 , 1 ., 17.37

NAME WASH. PUGET SPORT

DATA 3, . 0044605 1 , 1 ., 1 7.91

NAME OREGON TROLL

DATA 3, .00041496, 6. 30, .57

NAME OREGON SPORT

DATA 3,. 00007347,1. ,17.37

ESCAPE 2, .00321786, I., .98, 0, .39, 0 ESCAPE 3, .03417972, .5, 1.97, 3.17, .79, .79

SIZETIME 5.2,6/15

NAME CANADA TROLL

DATA 3, .02468889, 3.81, .57

NAME CANADA NET

DATA 3, .01246889, 5.41, .32

NAME WASH. TROLL

DATA 3,. 12227726, 4. 42, .57

NAME WASH. PUGET NET

DATA 3, .03864232, 4.73, .39

NAME WASH. OCEAN SPORT

DATA 3, .02148297, 1, 12.43

NAME WASH. PUGET SPORT

DATA 3, .08863413, 1, 13.36

NAME OREGON TROLL

DATA 3, .00023534, 4. 42, .57

NAME OREGON SPORT

DATA 3, . 00004167 , I ., 15. 17 ESCAPE 2, .00472895, 1., .50, 0, .21, 0 ESCAPE 3, .10457746, .5, 1.05, 1.45, .42, .42

SIZETIME 13.69,6/15

NAME CANADA TROLL

DATA 3, .02468889, 3.68, .57

NAME CANADA NET

DATA 3, .01246889, 5.22, .32

NAME WASH. TROLL

DATA 3, .04537109,4.27, .57

NAME WASH. PUGET NET

DATA 3, .01433827, 4.57, .39

NAME WASH. OCEAN SPORT

DATA 3, .00797 127, 1 , 12.34

NAME WASH. PUGET SPORT

DATA 3, .03288777, 1, 13.23

NAME OREGON TROLL

DATA 3, .00023534,4.27, .57

NAME OREGON SPORT

DATA 3, . 00004167 , 1 ., 15. 00

ESCAPE 2, .00175468, 1., .50, 0, .20, 0 ESCAPE 3, .03880356, .5, 1.00, 1.40, .40, .40

SIZETIME 13.69,8/1

NAME CANADA TROLL

DATA 3, .02468889, 3.59, .57

NAME CANADA NET

DATA 3, .01246689, 5.09, .32

NAME WASH. TROLL

DATA 3, .07394302,4. 16, .57

NAME WASH. PUGET NET

DATA 3, .02336763, 4.46, .39

NAME WASH. OCEAN SPORT

DATA 3, .01299109, I, 12.27

NAME WASH. PUGET SPORT

DATA 3, .05359348, 1, 13.14

NAME OREGON TROLL

DATA 3 ,. 00023534,4. 16 ,. 57

NAME OREGON SPORT

DATA 3, .00004167, 1 ., 14.87

ESCAPE 2, .00285967, 1., .49, 0, .19, 0 ESCAPE 3, .06323967, .5, .98, 1.38, .39, .39
B-4

SIZETIME 5.2,8/1

NAME CANADA TROLL

DATA 3, .02^63889, 3.72, .57

NAME CANADA NET

DATA 3, .012^6869, 5.28, .32

NAME WASH. TROLL

DATA 3 , . 1 508-^965 2 1 , . 57

NAME WASH. PUGET NET

DATA 3, .0^757182, ^.63, .39

NAME WASH. OCEAN SPORT

DATA 3, .02650237, 1, 12.36

NAME WASH. PUGET SPORT

DATA 3, .I 093'!i516, 1, 13.26

NAME OREGON TROLL

DATA 3 ,. 0 0 02353A,/i.31 ,.51

NAME OREGON SPORT

DATA 3 , . 00 0 0^ 167 , I . , 15. 04

ESCAPE 2, .00533396, 1., .50, 0, .20, 0 ESCAPE 3, .12901396, .5, 1.00, 1.40, .40, .40

FISHERY CHINOOK

SIZES 200 ,50

TIMES 5/1,7/1 ' AGES 2,5

FI SHERIES 7 SIZETIME 200,5/1

NAME CANADA TROLL

DATA 3, .00108090, 9.66, .63

DATA 4, .00065185, 16.66, .82

DATA 5, .00002559, 23.29, .82 * NAME CANADA NET

DATA 3, .00013171, 7.58, .41

NAME CANADA SPORT

DATA 3, .00008096, 1. , 19.

DATA 4, .00004383, 1. , 26.

DATA 5, .00000192, 1. , 32.

NAME WASH. TROLL

DATA 3 , . 0000 1 057 ,9. 18 , .67

DATA 4 , . 0 000 1 577 , 16. 1 9, .86 ' NAME WASH. PUGET NET ' ^ DATA 3 ,. 00021 005 , 1 3. 2, .48

DATA 4, . 000 15673, 19.9, .61

DATA 5 ,. 0 000 0860 , 26. 7, .61

NAME WASH. OCEAN SPORT , DATA 3 , . 000085 16 , 1 ., 19.80 * DATA 4, . 00004655 , 1 ., 28.99

NAME WASH. PUGET SPORT

DATA 2 , . 0 & 0 03836 , 1 . , 14. 90

DATA 3 , . 00 0 1 5 1 64 , 1 . , 23. DO

DATA 4, . 00009376, 1 . ,29.60

DATA 5 , . 0 0 00 1 367 , 1 . , 36. 30

ESCAPE 2, .00002034, 1. , 1.55, 0, .62, 0 ESCAPE 3, .00026208, .70, 3.25, 5.65, 1.30, 1.30

ESCAPE 4, .00026299, .44, 4.80, 7.20, 1.96, 1.96

ESCAPE 5, .00002034, .23, 6.57, 8.97, 2.63, 2.63

SIZETIME 50,5/1

NAME CANADA TROLL

DATA 3, .00404228, 9.66, .63

DATA 4, .00243775, 16.66, .82

DATA 5, .00009571, 23.29, .82

NAME CANADA NET

DATA 3, .00049257, 7.58, .41

NAME CANADA SPORT

DATA 3, .00030278, 1. , 19.

DATA 4, .00018260, 1. , 26.

DATA 5, .00000716, 1 . , 32.

NAME WASH. TROLL

DATA 3, .00003953,9. 18 , .67

DATA 4, .00005898 , 16. 19, .86
B-5

NAME WASH. PUGET NET

DATA 3, .0007855^, 13.2, .48

DATA 4, .00056bl 1 , 19.9,.6I

DATA 5, .0000 32 17, 26. 7, .61

NAME WASH. OCEAN SPORT

DATA 3, .00031846, 1 ., 19.80

DATA 4, . 000 1 741 0 , 1 . ,28.99

NAME WASH. PUGET SPORT

DATA 2, . 000 14333, 1 ., 14.90

DATA 3, . 000567 1 1 , 1 . ,23. 00

DATA 4, .00036932, 1. ,29.60

DATA 5, .00005111,1. ,36. 30

ESCAPE 2, .00007607, 1. , 1.55, 0, .62, .62

ESCAPE 3, .00098236, .70, 3.25, 5.65, 1.30, 1.30

ESCAPE 4, .00098352, .44, 4.80, 7.20, 1.96, 1.96

ESCAPE 5, .00007607, .23, 6.57, 8.97, 2.63, 2.63

SIZETIME 200,7/1

MA MP DATA 3, .00244666 , 9.66,

DATA 4, .00147549 , 16.66, • DATA 5, .00005793 , 23.29, • NAME CANADA NET

DATA 3, .00029813 , 7.58, • NAME CANADA SPORT

DATA 3, .00018326 . t. . 19.

DATA 4, . 000 1 1 052 , 1. . 26.

DATA 5, .00000434 > 1. > 32.

NAME WASH. TROLL

DATA 3 , . 0 0 0 0 2393 ,9. 18, .67

DATA 4 , . 0000357 0 , 16. 19, .86

NAME WASH. PUGET NET

DATA 3 , .00047546 , 1 3. 2, .48

DATA 4, .00035475 , 19.9, .61

DATA 5, .00001947 ,26. 7, .61

NAME WASH. OCEAN SPORT

DATA 3, .00019276 , 1 . ,19.80

DATA 4, .00010538 , 1 . ,28.99

NAME WASH. PUGET SPORT

DATA 2, . 00008797 , 1 ., 14.90

DATA 3, . 00034325 , 1 . ,23. 00

DATA 4, .00022354, 1 . ,29.60

DATA 5 ,. 00003093, 1 . ,36. 30

ESCAPE 2, .00004605, 1. , 1.55, 0, .62, .62

ESCAPE 3, .00059460, .70, 3.25, 5.65, 1.30, 1.30

ESCAPE 4, .00059530, .44, 4.80, 7.20, 1.96, 1.96

ESCAPE 5, .00004603, .23, 6.57, 8.97. 2.63, 2.63

SIZETIME 50,7/1

NAME CANADA TROLL

DATA 3, .00540804, 9.66, .63

DATA 4, .00326139, 16.66, .82

DATA 5, .00012805, 23.29, .82

NAME CANADA NET

DATA 3, .00065899, 7.58, .41

NAME CANADA SPORT

DATA 3, .00040508, 1. , 19.

DATA 4, .00024429, 1. , 26. * DATA 5, .00000958, 1. , 32.

NAME WASH. TROLL

DATA 3, . 00005289,9. 18, .67

DATA 4, .00007891 , 16. 19, .86

NAME WASH. PUGET NET

DATA 3, . 00 1 05095 , 1 3. 2 , .48

DATA 4, . 00078413, 19. 9, .61

DATA 5, .00004304, 26. 7, .61

NAME WASH. OCEAN SPORT

DATA 3, . 00042606 , 1 ., 19.80

DATA 4 , . 00 023293 , I. ,28.99

NAME WASH. PUGET SPORT

DATA 2, . 000 1 9444 , 1 ., 14.20

DATA 3, . 00075872, 1 . ,23. 00

DATA 4, . 000494 1 0 , 1 ., 29.60

DATA 5 ,. 00006837 , 1 ., 36. 30

ESCAPE 2, .00010173, 1. , 1.55, 0, .62, .62

ESCAPE 3, .00131428, .70, 3.25, 5.65, 1.30, 1.30

ESCAPE 4, .00131583, .44, 4.80, 7.20, 1.96, 1.96

ESCAPE 5, .00010176, .23, 6.57, 8.97, 2.63, 2.63

Appendix C

HATCH Output Example

c-1

• X •vooooo in — <ro -7 c5^or~t-r-~oc\) c\j — -^(^oo oua

S - 02a

Q.Q.u-« — — c\jro-;Ti/)LOinsooininmmi/iuiinioir)minm-ot~

Q

U} a: 00 IT) CM CO 0 >o 0 0 0 rj t~ f- 0 vO IT) e~ 0

to UJ J3 CO CD o tM •0 ^0 n CM CM CO <T 0 in

q, n CD CO 0 CM n CO IT) 0 to 00 CO to <I CM CM in Z 4 Q r> n CM 0 0 CO t- CM n vO 0 0 in CM

J CD 0 0 0 CD 0 c~> 0 0 CD CD 0 0 CD CD 0 CD 0 CD CD 0 CD 0 CD

U] •—

«

CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM 0 <? <T <T •7 <i CO CM CM CM ^M CM OJ r-

<t a. CM ro n n r) n 0 CM c^ 0 0

<t > 0 in in in in in in in in in cu c^ 0 c^ c> 0 CM <r <7 <T ro

Uj /-s CD O CD CD CD O OOO CD CD CD CD CD O CD OOCDCDOOOO O

QOZCMCMCMCMCMlAJ CMCMCM OJCMCMCMCMCMCM CMCMCUlMCMCMCMCMCM

2<tD, — — — — — - — — — — — —

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U.S. DEPT. OF COMM.

BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA

SHEET

1.. PUBLICATION OR REPORT NO.

msiR 74-521

2. Gov't Accession

No.

3. Recipient *.s Acccs.sion No.

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

HATCH — A Model for Fish Hatchery Analysis

^_ ^

5. Publication Date July 8, 1974

6. Performing Organization Code

17. AUTHOR(S) -n^ -r.

. , „ , , Dr. Frederxck C. Johnson

8. Performing Organ. Report No. KBSIR 74-521

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20234

10. Project/Task/Work Unit No. ^2050570

11. Contract/Grant No.

||2. Sponsoring Organization Name and Complete Address (Street, City, State, ZIP)

Washington States Dept. of Fisheries

Olyrnpia, Washington

13. Type of Report & Period

Covered

1973 - 1974

14. Sponsoring Agency Code

115. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

ijlfi. ABSTRACT (A 200-word or less factual summary of most significant information. If document includes a significant

' bibliography or literature survey, mention it here.)

Tne HATCH model is an automated system for analyzing the physical, biological

and economic factors of fish hatchery operation and for computing optimal hatchei^r

management policies.

1. KEY WORDS (six to twelve entries; alphabetical order; capitalize only the first letter of the first key word unless a proper

H name; separated by semicolons)

11 ^ ,

'

1' Benefit/cost ; Fish Hatchery Analysis; Fish Hatchery Operation; Fish Hatchery

'Management; Mathematical Modal.

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22. Price

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