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NBS TECHNICAL NOTE 937

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE/ National Bureau of Standards

Estimation of Net Enthalpii

of Combustion of Some Aviation

Fuels Expressed in the

nternational System of Units (SI)
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Colorado 80302.
Estimation of Net Enthalpies of

Combustion of Some Aviation Fuels

Expressed in the International

System of Units (SI)

flafienal bureau of Standards

APR 2 5 19 Q O

=£

"^WJMf4Jb6JkL iW^L ^ *c\o . Q\'

x\<>

R.L Nuttall and G.T. Armstrong

Institute for Materials Research

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, D.C. 20234

*< °F >\

&

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CO J

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U.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Juanita M. Kreps, Secretary

Dr. Betsy Ancker-Johnson, Assistant Secretary for Science and Technology

^.NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Ernest Ambler, Acting Director

Issued April 1977
National Bureau of Standards Technical Note 937

Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Tech. Note 937, 63 pages (Apr. 1977) CODEN: NBTNAE

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICF

WASHINGTON: 1977

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C- 20402 - Price $1.30 Stock No. 003-003-01763-9
Contents

Page

Symbols iv

1. Introduction 2

2„ Source Data-- 6

3„ Equations for Predicting Net Enthalpy of

Combustion 18

4. Summary 53

5. References 54

ill

Symbols

A Aniline point

D density at 15 °C

g relative density at 60 °F( (density at 60 °F/density of

water at 60 °F)

G API Gravity (G/°API = 141. 5/g - 131.5) — Q net enthalpy of combustion — Q' net enthalpy of combustion "sulfur free" — Q (Gross) gross energy of combustion

S mass percent of sulfur

H mass percent of hydrogen

V vaporization temperature (average of 10%, 50% and 90%

distillation temperatures)

Ar volume percent of aromatics

SD(R) estimate of standard deviation of R

SS sum of squares of deviations

DEV deviation (observed - calculated)

STZD standardized deviation

Q(C) calculated value of Q

Q(0) observed value of Q

B(n) fitted or defined constants

C(n) fitted or defined constants

Estimation of Net Enthalpies of Combustion of

Aviation Fuels Expressed in the International System of Units (SI)

Ralph L. Nuttall and George T. Armstrong

Abstract

A new correlation has been made of the net enthalpy of combustion

of some aviation fuels with their aniline point, density, and sulfur

content. Previous correlations gave a set of five equations relating

the enthalpy of combustion to the aniline point gravity product for five

classes of fuels ranging from aviation gasoline to kerosine. These

equations were in non-SI units.

The correlation reported here gives similar sets of equations

using SI units and also gives a single equation which can be used to

adequately predict the net enthalpy of combustion of all five classes

of fuels from measurements of aniline point, density, and sulfur content.

This equation is:

Q = [B(0) + B(l) x A + B(2) x (1/D) + B(3) x (A/D) + B(4) x (A)

2 +

B(5) x (1/D)

2 + B(6) * S] MJ/kg.

B(0) = 22.9596 MJ-kg" 1 B(4) = -6.6903 x 10~5 MJ-kg""

1 - °(f

2

B(l) = -1.26587 x 10~ 2 MJ-kg"1 -^" 1

B(5) = -9.21776 MJ-kg"1 -g"" 2

- cm

6

B(2) = 26.6409 MJ-kg

_1

.g -cm

3

B(6) = 50. MJ-kg"1 ^"1

B(3) = 0.032622 MJ'kg"1

-°C~

1 -g~ 1 -cm

3

Keywords: Aniline point; API gravity; aviation fuels; enthalpy of combustion;

fuels; gasoline; gravity; heat content; heat of combustion; kerosine.
1. Introduction

The commercial desirability of predicting enthalpies of combustion of

hydrocarbon fuels from more easily measured physical properties has been

1 recognized for many years. Correlations have been made [1-6], and used

for such predictions for several classes of aviation fuels. However, these

correlating equations use input data in non-SI units and thus are difficult

of application in much of the world. As a result of the move toward

metrication in the United States, it is to be anticipated that an increasing

number of laboratories will be making measurements in SI units. For these

reasons it seems desirable to have correlating equations and tables which

use input data in SI units. Also the validity of the correction used in these

equations to convert the net enthalpy of combustion to a "sulfur free"

basis has been questioned in its use with fuel oils [8-11]

.

As a result of these considerations, for this report the data from

references 1 through 5 have been recorrelated to obtain equations and tables

for estimating the net enthalpy of combustion of aviation fuels from

measurements of aniline point and density made in SI units. The effect of

sulfur has been obtained by including it in the regression analysis. Also

a single equation, quadratic in aniline point and reciprocal density, has

been found satisfactory to predict the- enthalpy of combustion of all the fuels

The equations whose replacement is recommended are described

briefly below.

1 Figures in brackets indicate the literature references On page 54„
For aviation fuels five sets of accurate measurements [1], [2],

[3], [4], [5] have been reported from the National Bureau of Standards.

The authors of these papers correlated the measured net enthalpies of

combustion (negative net heats of combustion at constant pressure) with

the product of aniline point and gravity as in equation 1.

Q' = B(0) + B(1)*A*G (1)

Values of the parameters B(0) and B(l) were given for each of five classes

of fuels. These correlating equations have been incorporated into standard

methods ASTM D1405-IP193 and draft ISO/DIS3648. These equations are shown

in table 1

.

Another correlation of net heats of combustion at constant pressures

by Bert and Painter [6] using mostly data from the references [1] and [5]

with some added data from [7] has been made using as variables: Gravity, G;

vaporization, V; and volume percent of aroma tics, Ar. The resulting

correlating equation has been adopted in a standard method ASTM D3338. It

applies a single equation, equation (2), claimed to be applicable to all

aviation fuels from gasolines to aircraft turbine and jet engine fuels.

Q = B(0) + B(1)*G + B(2)*Ar + B(3)*G*V + B(4)*Ar*G +

B(5)*Ar*G*V)*(l - ,01*S) + B(6)*S (2)

This equation is also given in table 1.

In the above correlations the net enthalpy of combustion has been

corrected to a "sulfur free" basis by equation (3). A value for B(6) of

43.7 BtU'lb *S or 0.1016 MJ'kg *S was derived from thermochemical

data on organic sulfur compounds, [4].

Q' = Q(sulfur free) = (Q - B(6)*S/(1 - ,01*S) (3)

3
Table 1.

Q

? = (Q - B(6)*S)/(1 - .01*S)

For Q and Q' in Btu/lb, B(6) = 43.7

For Q and Q' in MJ/kg, B(6) = 0.1016

ASTM D1405

Q

1 = B(0) + B(1)*A*G

Units of A are "F

Units of G are "API

For Q

1 in Btu/lb use B parameters

For Q' in MJ/kg use C parameters

Fuel: Gasoline 100/130 and 115/145

B(0) = 18037.7

B(l) = 0.0883

C(0) = 41.9557

C(l) = 0.00020543

Fuel: ANF-58 and ANF-28 (JP-3)

B(0) = 17940

B(l) = 0.1056

C(0) = 41.7284

C(l) = 0.00024563

Fuel : JP-4

B(0) = 17977

B(l) = 0.1056

C(0) = 41.8145

C(l) = 0.00024563
Table 1 continued:

Fuel: JP-5

B(0) = 17914

B(l) = 0.1056

C(0) = 41.6680

C(l) = 0.00024563

Fuel : Ke ros ine

B(0) = 17919

B(l) = 0.10923

C(0) = 41.6796

C(l) = 0.00025407

ASTM D3338

Q' = B(0) + B(1)*G + B(2)*Ar + B(3)*G*V + B(4)*Ar*G + B(5)*Ar*G*V

Units of G are °API

Units of Ar are volume percent

Units of V are °F

Units of Q' are Btu/lb

B(0) = 17685

B(l) = 16.24

B(2) = -3.007

B(3) = 0.01714

B(4) = -0.2983

B(5) = 0.00053

or

Q' = [5525.57 - 92.5969*Ar + 10.15429*V + 0. 31 39 89 *A*V ] / g +

79.0589*A - 9.43667*V - 0.291799*A*V + 36000.24

Units of V are °C

Units of Q' are kJ/kg
2. Source Data

The data for this correlation are taken from references [1] through

[5]. Armstrong, Jessup and Mears [1] reported data on aviation gasolines:

7 samples of grade 100/130 and 33 samples of grade 115/145.

Jessup and Cragoe [2] reported data on two sets of samples, one of

31 and the other of 26, of fuels specified as ANF-28. They give

equations for calculating net enthalpy of combustion from the

gross energy which is measured in a bomb combustion experiment

Q = Q (gross) - 91.23*H Btu/lb (4)

and for cases where hydrogen analysis is not available

Q = 4310 + 0.7195*Q (gross) Btu/lb. (5)

Equation (4) was used by the authors of all the other reports of

measurements.

Rothberg and Jessup [3] report data on 32 samples of fuels

specified as ANF-58.

Jessup and Cogliano [4] report data on 17 samples of JP-4 fuel,

11 samples of JP-5 fuel. They introduce equation (3) with a value of

43.7 (Btu/lb) /(%S) for B(6) to correct for sulfur content of the fuels,

Armstrong, Fano, Jessup, Marantz, Mears, and Walker [5] report

data on 110 samples of kerosine.
The data in all of the above reports are presented in units of

aniline point in °F, gravity in degrees API and net heat of combustion

in Btu/lb. The energy units obtained in the calorimetric experiments

were J/g (in air against brass weight) or J(international)/g. The data

were converted to Btu/lb by the relations

1 Btu/lb = 0.429917 J/g (6)

or

1 Btu/lb = 0.43 J(international)/g. (7)

Relation (6) was used in this report to convert the reported data from

Btu/lb to J/g despite the fact that this constant differs from the

value 1/2.326 that currentlv defines the Btu. Data reDorted as x °P

were converted to y °C by the relation

y = (x - 32)/1.8 (8)

Data given as gravity were converted to relative density by the

defining equation

G= M^- 131.5 (9)

Corresponding values of G, g, and D are given in ASTM-IP Petroleum

Measurement Tables [12]. Over the range of densities covered by the

fuel samples considered here it is found that the quadratic equations

(10) and (11) relating g to D will reproduce the corresponding tables.
D = 2.9431 x 10

3 + 0.993367 g + 3.1251 x 103

g g/cm (10)

g = -2.953 x 10" 3 + 1.00666 D - 3.14 x 10~ 3

D

2 (11)

Equations (9) and (10) have been used to convert data given as gravity

to density.

The experimental data given in the above reports are shown in

table 2. The original data from the reports are in columns 2 through

6. Data in columns 7 through 9 were calculated using the above conversion

relations.
TA3LE 2 SOURCE DATA

ALL FUELS

NO A/C°F> G/(°API) H

MIN 80.60 31.80

MAX 173.46 74. 10

MEAN 1 37 . 07 52.79

Q/CBtu / lb) A/C °C) D/Cg-cnTO 9/<Mj/kg y 18230.0 27.00 .6881 42.4035

19099.2 78. 59 .8660 44.4253

18685.6 58.37 .7675 43.4634

AVIATION GASOLINE 100/115

NO A/(°F) G/(°API) H

REF 1

-3,

S Q/(Btu/lb) A/( C) D/fg-cm J

) Q/CMJ/kg)

MIN 120. 10 63.00 14.40

MAX 166.60 70.60 15.90

MEAN 140.03 66.79 15.03

1 161.70 69.60 15.70

2 120. 10 63.00 14.40

3 161.40 68.50 15.80

4 166.60 70.60 15.90

5 121. 10 64.90 14.40

6 126.90 66.60 14.50

122.40 64.30 14.50

18686.6 48.9 4 .7000 43.4656

19 057 .3 74.78 .7273 43.4656

18882.8 60.02 .7134 43.9219

19046.7 7 2.06 .7035 44.3032

18686.6 43.9 4 .7273 43.4656

19 057.3 71.89 .7073 44.3279

19051.6 74.78 .7000 44.3146

18754.9 49.50 .7203 43.6245

18808.5 52.72 .7 141 43.7491

18773.7 50.22 .7225 43.6682

9
TABLE 2 (continued)

AVIATION GASOLINE 115/145

NO A/(°F) G/(°API) 4

REF 1

S Q/(9tu/lb) A/C °C> D/<g cm

-3

) Q/<MJ/kg > MIN 117.00 65. 10 14. 10 18679.2 47.22 .6881 43.4484

MAX 164.40 74. 10 16.20 19099.2 7 3.56 .7 195 43.4484

MEAN 151.08 69.64 15.45 18964.2 66. 15 .7033 44. 1 113

8 164.30 72.90 16.20 19089.7 73.50 .6921 44. 4032

9 163.80 70.40 16.00 19050.3 73.22 .7 007 44.31 16

10 164.40 74. 10 16. 10 19099.2 7 3.56 .6881 44. 4253

1 1 150.20 69.00 15.30 18934.7 65.67 .7056 44.0427

12 146.8 67.00 15.30 18875.7 63.78 .7 126 43.9055

13 153.30 68.80 15.40 18994. 67.39 .7063 44. 1306

14 160.20 69.70 15.90 19049.9 7 1.22 .7031 44.3106

15 156.20 7 1.10 15.80 19054.9 69.00 .6933 44.3223

16 145.30 67.30 15.00 18872.8 62.94 .7 1 16 43.8987

17 145.90 68.30 15.20 18888.3 63.28 .7030 43.9348

18 143.30 67.90 15.00 139 07 .9 61.83 .7094 43.9303

19 155.20 69.50 15.70 19030.0 63. 44 .7038 44.2644

20 144.80 68.50 15.20 18925.7 62.67 .7073 44.0218

21 164.30 70.20 16.00 19086.9 73.50 .7014 44.3967

22 163.00 73.30 16. 10 19094.0 72.78 .6903 44.4132

23 145.90 68. 40 15.30 18897 .6 63.23 .7077 43.9564

24 149.30 68.30 15.40 18935.

4

65. 17 .7063 44.0443

25 148.20 70. 10 15.20 13923. 1 64.56 .7017 44.0157

26 151.80 69.70 15.30 13988.6 66.56 .7031 44. 1631

27 149.8 69. 10 15.30 18935.0 65.44 .7052 44.0434

28 154.60 7 1.40 15.70 19019.4 68. 1 1 .6972 44.2397

29 144.20 68. 40 15.20 18889.7 62.33 .7077 43.9330

30 146.00 68.40 15.20 18916.0 63.33 .7077 43.9992

31 149.20 69.30 15.20 13918.9 65. 1 1 .7045 44. 0059

32 149.9 68.70 15.40 13925. 1 65.50 .7066 44.0204

33 1 19.90 65.60 14.20 18731 .6 48.3 3 .7177 43.5703

34 159.7 73.60 16.00 19 075.5 70.94 .6393 44.3702

35 117 .00 65. 10 14. 10 18679.2 47.22 .7 195 43.4484

36 159.00 73.80 16.00 19068.6 70.56 .6391 44.3541

37 162.40 72.00 15.90 19043.3 72.44 .6952 44.2953

38 152.60 68.70 15.50 13954.6 67 .00 .7 066 44.0890

39 149. 10 69.20 15.20 13960. 5 6 5.06 .7 049 44. 1027

40 155.90 69.90 15.60 19002.5 68.83 .7024 44.2004

10
TABLE 2 (continued)

AVIATION GASOLINE ANF-58

NO A/(°F> G/C °API> H

REF 3

-3x S Q/C3tu/lb> A/C°C) D/fg-cm ) 3/CM.J/kg>

MIN 80.60 38.80 12.40 18230.0 27.00 .7236 42.4035

MAX 164.30 64.00 15.30 19014.0 73.50 • 8305 42.4035

MEAN 1 19.64 52.44 13.91 18602.7 48.69 .7690 43.2704

41 1 17 .00 49.70 13.70 18532.0 47.22 .7806 43. 1060

42 141 .30 57.6 14.90 13823.0 60.72 .7480 43.7329

43 120. 40 52.40 14.00 18543.0 49. 1 1 .7691 43. 1432

44 122.20 50.60 13.80 18594.0 50. 1 1 .7767 43.2502

45 104.90 45.00 12.90 18 376.0 40.50 • 8013 42.7431

46 139.80 6 1 .50 14.90 18858.0 59.89 .7 329 43.8643

47 136.40 6 1 .00 14.90 13772.0 53.00 .7 348 43.6642

48 134.40 60.30 14.80 18828.0 56.89 .7375 43.7945

49 1 13.50 48.7 13.60 18 578.0 45.28 .7849 43.2130

50 104.20 44. 10 13.40 18336.0 40. 1 1 .3054 42.7664

51 121 .50 50.80 13.90 18 57 1 .0 49.72 .7759 43. 1967

52 1 19.80 48.30 13.60 18536.0 43.7 3 .7866 43. 1 153

53 125.40 53.40 14.20 13680.0 51.89 .7650 43.4502

54 106.20 48.7 13.50 18493.0 41 .22 .73 49 43.0153

55 1 12. 10 51.50 13.70 18 570.0 44.50 .77 29 43. 1944

56 139.30 55.80 14.60 18772.0 59.6 1 .7552 43.6642

57 80.60 51.20 12.90 18400.0 27 .00 .7742 42.7990

58 139. 10 56.90 14.70 187 58.0 59.50 .7 508 43.6317

59 106.7 53.80 13.70 18607 .0 41 .50 .7633 43.2804

60 1 17 . 10 38.80 13.40 18399.0 47.28 .8305 42.7966

61 141.30 56.00 14.60 18790.0 60.72 .7544 43.7061

62 120.70 5 1 .20 13.90 13605.0 49.28 .7742 43.2753

63 134.60 56.20 14.50 18683.0 57.00 .7536 43.4572

64 90.70 50.20 13.00 18369.0 32.61 .7784 42.7269

65 128.7 55.20 14.20 18681 .0 53.72 .7576 43.4526

66 125.20 56.00 14.20 187 17.0 51.78 .7544 43.5363

67 129.00 58.20 14.50 18778.0 53.89 .7456 43.6782

68 95.70 47.20 13.00 18397 .0 35.39 .7915 42.7920

69 94.60 47 .20 12.90 18398.0 34.73 .7915 42.7943

70 1 10. 10 56.30 13.60 18543.0 43.39 .7532 43. 1316

7 1 164.30 64.00 15.30 19014.0 73.50 .7236 44.227

1

72 91.80 40.20 12.40 18230.0 33.22 .8237 42.4035

11
TABLE 2 (continued)

AVIATION GASOLINE ANF-23

NO A/(°F) G/(°API) H MIN 100.40 59.30

MAX 146.50 68.40

MEAN 120.36 63.81

REF 2

-3.

73 121.30 64.80 14.80

74 136.40 66.80 15.20

75 123.80 65. 10 14.80

76 146.50 67.70 15.70

77 135.00 65.70 15. 10

78 122.80 60.50 14.70

79 108.30 60.70 14.30

80 131 .50 68.00 14.90

31 127 .20 65.00 14.90

82 132.30 66.20 15.20

83 126. 10 65.90 14.80

84 130.60 67 .40 15.00

85 127.00 65.70 14.90

86 132.30 63.20 14.70

87 120.00 64.60 14.60

88 1 15.20 63.30 14.20

89 127 .80 63.80 14.70

90 142.30 67 .80 15.50

91 127 .40 64.40 15.00

92 1 19.70 62.70 14.30

93 127.20 64.70 14.60

94 1 19.30 63.80 14.50

95 1 15.90 63.60 14.50

96 121.60 63. 10 14.60

97 120.90 64.50 14.70

98 120.90 64.30 14.50

99 1 13.00 61.80 14.60

100 127 .00 64. 10 14.60

101 1 18.20 62.40 14.30

102 139.30 68.40 15.30

103 102.90 59.30 14.00

S Q/CBtu/lb ) A/C°C) 0/<g'cm ) 9/CMJ/kg )

18558. 33. 00 .7077 43. 1665

18963. 63. 61 .7414 44. 108 5 18750. 1 49. 09 .7243 43. 6132

1877 1. 49. 61 .7206 43. 6619

13863. 58. 00 .7134 43. 8759

18802. 51. 00 .7 195 43. 7340

18963. 63. 61 .7 101 44. 103 5

18876. 57. 22 .7173 43. 9 06 1 187 36. 50. 44 .7367 43. 5305

18608. 42. 39 .7360 43. 2828

18338. 55. 28 .7091 43. 9341

18832. 52. 39 .7 199 43. 8038

18854. 56. 00 .7 155 43. 3550

18841

.

52. 28 .7 166 43. 8247

18829. 54. 73 .7 S 12 43. 7968

1881 1. 52. 78 .7 173 43. 7550

18350. 55. 72 .7265 43. 8457

187 17. 43. 89 .7214 43. 5363

18704. 46. 22 .7262 43. 506 1 18830. 53. 22 .7243 43. 7992

18941. 61. 28 .7098 44. 0573

18803. 53. 00 .7221 43. 7 36 3

18738. 48. 72 .7234 43. 7015

13813. 52. 89 .7210 43. 7 596

137 29. 48. 50 • 7243 43. 5642

18674. 46. 61 .7250 43. 4363

187 09. 49. 78 .7269 43. 5177

18794. 49. 39 .7217 43. 7 154

18760- 49. 39 .7225 43. 6 36 3

13667. 45. 00 .7318 43. 4200

13764. 52. 73 .7232 43. 6456

137 08. 47. 89 .7295 43. 5154

18920. 59. 61 .7077 44. 0085

18558. 39. 39 .7414 43. 1665

12
TABLE 2 (coat i nu sd

)

AVIATION GASOLINE AMP-23 (continued)

104 1 1 1.90 62.70 18690.0 44.39 .7284 43. 4735

105 1 16. 10 63.40 18660.0 46.7 2 .7258 43. 4037

106 109.90 63.60 18693.0 43.28 .7250 43.4805

107 128.9 66.00 13817 .0 53.83 .7 163 43.7689

108 1 18.00 63.50 13720.0 47.7 8 .7254 43.5433

109 120.40 64.20 18762.0 49. 1 1 .7223 43.6410

1 10 120.70 63.90 18735.0 49.23 .7239 43.5732

1 1 1 100. 40 59.9 13 587.0 38.00 .7390 43.2339

1 12 121 .80 63.60 187 43.0 49.89 .7250 43.6084

1 13 131.20 65.90 18832.0 55. 1 1 .7 166 43.3033

1 14 1 16.20 63.90 13739.0 46.7 8 .7239 43.5375

1 15 109.80 61.30 18667.0 43.22 .7337 43. 4200

1 16 126.50 66.20 18815.0 52.50 .7 155 43.7643

1 17 1 13.50 63.20 187 10.0 45.28 .7265 43.5200

1 18 127.20 65. 10 13828.0 52.89 .7195 43.7945

1 19 1 1 1.20 61.30 1867 1.0 44.00 .7337 43.4293

120 109.9 62. 10 13654.0 43.28 .7 307 43.3893

121 1 10. 10 61.20 18663.0 43.39 .7341 43.4107

122 105. 10 60.60 18637.0 40.61 .7363 43.3502

123 122.20 64.70 18761.0 50. 1 1 .7210 43.6337

124 108. 10 61 .40 18652.0 42.28 .7333 43.3351

125 1 1 1.90 63.00 18633.0 44.39 .7273 43.4572

126 1 10.80 62.50 18670.0 43.73 .7291 43. 427

127 1 1 1 .40 62.70 18674.0 44. 1 1 .7284 43.4363

128 106.00 61.10 13685.0 41.11 .7344 43.4619

129 101. 10 60.90 18 597.0 33.39 .7352 43.2572

13
TABLE 2 (continued)

FUEL JP-4

NO A/< °F> G/< "API ) H

REF 4

-3,

S Q/C3tu/lb) A/(°C> D/(g-cm ) Q/CM.J/kg)

MIN 108.50 40. 10 13.30 .013 18 468.0 42.50 .7596 42.957 1 MAX .138.9 54.70 14.70 .37 2 18766.0 59. 39 • 3242 43.6503

MEAN 126.7 4 49.33 14.03 . 139 18619.

4

52.63 .7322 43.3092

130 130.50 54.70 14.70 .013 187 27 .0 54.72 .7596 43.5596

131 129.7 45.20 14.00 . 17 1 13538.0 54.23 • 8004 43. 1200

132 126. 10 53.50 14.30 . 1 15 18683.0 52.23 .7646 43.4572

133 135.00 52.90 14.40 . 122 18721.0 57.22 .7670 43.5456

134 138.90 53.40 14.50 .045 18766.0 59.39 .7650 43.6503

135 136.90 54.70 14.50 . 109 13760.0 58.28 .7596 43.6363

136 129.00 50.20 14. 10 .092 18635.0 53.89 .7734 43.3456

137 108.50 48.9 13.60 .235 18544.0 42.50 .7340 43. 1339

138 129.20 45.00 13.90 .207 18550.0 54.00 .8013 43. 1479

139 1 16. 10 46.50 13.80 .37 2 18516.0 46.7 2 .79 46 43.0688

1 40 128.50 40. 10 13.50 . 132 1 8 47 1 . 53.61 .8242 42.9641

141 125.80 47 .00 13.90 . 164 13593.0 52. 1 1 .7924 43.2595

1 42 136.00 51 .30 14.30 .06 4 1 87 07 . 57 .78 .7738 43.5131

143 134.40 52.60 14.20 . 103 18696.0 56.89 .7683 43.4375

1 44 121. 10 49.9 13.90 . 1 10 18602.0 49.50 .7797 43.2638

145 1 12.60 44.40 13.30 .224 13 463.0 44.73 .8041 42.957

1

1 46 116.20 48.30 13.60 .08 5 18 547 .0 46.7 8 .7866 43. 1409

FUEL JP-5

NO A/(°F) G/C °API) H

REF4

S Q/CBtu/lb) A/CO D/Cg-cm"3

) Q/CMJ/kg

>

MIN 120.90 31.80 12.70 .026 18238.0 49.39 .8091 42.5384

MAX 150.80 43.30 14.00 .447 18595.0 66.00 .3660 43.2525

MEAN 134.61 37. 15 13.35 . 120 18 428.

1

57.01 .8386 42.8643

147 129.9 33.80 13.20 . 106 1 8 37 7 . 54.39 .8556 42.7455

148 144. 10 43.30 14.00 . 125 18 579.0 62.23 .3091 43.2153

149 128.8 34.30 12.70 .038 18288.0 53.78 .8530 42.5334

150 148.50 43.00 14.00 . 1 12 18 572.0 64.72 .8105 43. 1990

151 120.90 36.20 13.30 .026 18393.0 49.39 .8433 42.7327

152 1 27 . 6 31 .80 12.90 .07 2 18300.0 53. 1 1 .8660 42.5664

153 139.8 38.30 13.40 .043 13469.0 59.89 .8329 42.9595

154 131.40 36.90 13.20 .068 18430. 55.22 .8393 42.8687

155 128. 10 36.80 13.30 .447 18365.0 53.39 .8403 42.7 175

156 130.80 32.00 13. 10 . 154 18341.0 54.89 .8650 42.6617

157 150.80 42.20 13.80 .07 6 18595.0 66.00 .8 142 43.2525

14
TABLS 2 (continued)

KEROSINE

NO A/(°F) G/(°API) H

REF 5

-3, S Q/(9tu/lb) A/(°C) D/Cg-cm ) Q/(MJ/kg>

MIN 1 16.76 35.70 12.89 0.000 18370.0 47 . 09 .7581 42.7292

MAX 17 3.46 55.09 14.90 .960 18861.0 78.59 .3459 43.87 13

MEAN 148.25 43.34 13.85 .036 18616.3 64.58 -8089 43.3020

158 159.27 44.21 13.96 .030 18640.0 70.71 .8049 43.3572

159 145.27 43.81 13.88 .040 1361 1.0 62.93 .8063 43.2398

160 148. 17 41 .09 13.62 .050 18575.0 64.54 .8195 43.2060

161 152.67 40.57 13.70 .040 18574.0 67.04 .8219 43.2037

162 150.60 41.30 13.67 .040 18557.0 65.89 .3185 43. 1641

163 150.42 43.82 13.98 . 120 18639.0 65.79 .8067 43.3549

164 135.90 39.05 13. 19 .030 18 461.0 57 . 7 2 .3293 42.9403

165 136.47 38 . 36 13.27 .960 18441 .0 53.04 .8326 42.3943

166 151 .36 42.72 13.86 .060 18621.0 66.59 -81 13 43.3130

167 157.62 43. 17 14.01 .040 18639.0 69.79 .8 097 43. 3549

163 153.90 42.7 6 13.98 0.000 18662.0 67.72 .81 16 43.4084

169 162.00 43.46 14.00 0.000 187 00.0 72.22 .3034 43.4963

170 156.78 43.06 14. 12 .010 18679.0 69.32 .8 102 43.4479

17 1 163.44 43.90 14.30 0.000 18720.0 73.02 -8064 43.5433

172 150.04 43.37 13.81 .030 18606.0 65.53 .3 033 43.2781

173 150. 19 44.54 13.78 .040 18646.0 65.66 .8034 43.3712

174 150.55 42. 16 13.78 . 120 18610.0 65.36 .8144 43.237 4

175 156.56 43.80 14. 17 .030 18679.0 69.20 .8 068 43. 4479

176 143.93 43.50 13.93 .050 18624.0 64.96 .8032 43.3200

177 150.40 43.03 13.82 .050 18605.0 65.78 .8104 43.2753

178 143.9 3 42.5 3 13.69 .07 18589.0 64.96 .8127 43.2336

179 146.66 42.55 13.76 . 100 18590.0 63.70 .8126 43.2409

130 145.76 45.43 14.04 .040 18614.0 63.20 .7994 43.2967

131 153.26 45.23 14.06 .040 13658.0 67.37 -8001 43.399 1 132 150.62 42. 19 13.79 .09 18609.0 65.90 .8143 43.2851

183 152.42 44.22 13.94 .06 186 27.0 66.90 .8049 43.3270

134 153.01 45.74 14. 14 .07 18662.0 67.23 .7980 43.403 4

185 157.53 45.47 14.30 . 120 187 1 1.0 69.74 7992 43.5224

186 165.63 47 .05 14.61 .010 18781.0 74.24 .7921 43.6852

137 164. 19 44.53 14.33 .010 18724.0 73.44 • 8035 43.5526

188 151.70 55.09 14.89 . 170 18783.0 66.50 .7581 43.6898

189 144.91 45.29 14.01 .08 18635.0 62.73 -8000 43.3456

190 150.69 43.22 13.85 .06 18635.0 65.94 .8095 43.3456

191 149.52 43.70 13.93 .040 18625.0 6 5.29 .8073 43.3223

192 148.6 2 41.98 13.74 .030 18588.0 64.79 .8153 43.2363

193 152.67 43.80 13.98 .06 18655.0 67.04 .8063 43.3921

194 142.45 42.30 13.69 .020 18 578.0 6 1.36 -8 133 43.2130

195 151.32 43.00 13.89 .06 18624.0 66.29 -8105 43.3200

196 1 47 . 1 8 41.30 13.63 .09 18 575.0 63.99 • 8185 43.2060

197 156.00 43.55 14.06 .07 18663.0 68.89 -3080 43.4107

198 148.98 44. 12 13.99 .050 18655.0 64.99 .8053 43.3921

15
TABL2 2 (continued

)

KiiROoIN £ (continued)

199 166.93 45.90 14.26 .010 13782.0 74.96 .7973 43.6875

200 141.96 41.70 13.55 .050 18546.0 61.09 .8166 43. 1336

201 135.48 43.23 13.61 .08 18550.0 57.49 .8094 43. 1479

202 133.88 38.27 13. 16 . 100 1 8 47 9 • 56.6 .8331 42.9827

203 124.34 47 .32 13.44 .07 18623.0 51.30 .7909 43.3177

204 128.66 40. 10 13.07 . 130 18 465.0 53.70 .8242 42.9502

205 157 .84 42.70 14.03 0.000 18670.0 69.91 .31 19 43.427

206 1 47 . 9 41.80 13.60 .050 18566.0 64.39 • 8161 43. 1351

207 145.74 43.42 13.81 .06 18608.0 63. 19 .8086 43.2828

208 149. 10 43.54 13.73 .080 18624.0 6 5.06 .8030 43.3200

2 09 160.00 43.76 14.24 0.000 18691.0 7 1.11 .8070 43.4758

210 149. 16 43.50 13.84 . 1 10 18618.0 6 5.09 .8082 43.3060

21 1 146.22 41.65 13.65 .07 18580.0 63.46 .8163 43.2176

212 1 27 . 06 37.82 13.07 .020 18445.0 52.81 • 3353 42.9036

213 148.20 43.75 13.91 . 120 18628.0 64.56 .3070 43.3293

214 144.61 41 .32 13.59 .040 18563.0 62.56 .3134 43. 1781

215 145. 15 43.75 13-84 .010 18619.0 62.86 .8070 43.3034

216 144.43 41 .35 13.73 .030 18500.0 6 2.46 .3182 43.0316

217 144.52 42.57 13.75 .040 13 582.0 62.51 .3125 43.2223

218 129. 40 35.70 12.95 .340 18410.0 54. 1 1 .3459 42.8222

219 136.60 38.7 9 13.26 . 100 1 8 47 2 . 58. 1 1 .8305 42.9664

220 145.54 43. 19 13.34 .09 186 06.0 63.03 .8096 43.2781

221 151.39 39.9 13.40 .46 13523.0 66.33 .3252 43.0851

222 161.65 49.59 14.53 .020 18766.0 72.03 .7810 43.6503

223 160.39 51 .44 14.00 .010 18808.0 7 1.33 .7732 43.7480

224 141.35 41. 17 13.61 . 120 18561 .0 60.75 .8191 43. 1734

225 125.69 36.97 13.06 .27 18388.0 52.05 • 8395 42.7710

226 145.85 43.78 13.64 . 130 18621.0 63.25 .8069 43.3130

227 139.37 41 .41 13.53 .050 18 543.0 59.65 .8130 43. 1432

228 142.72 43. 10 13.79 .010 18621.0 61.51 • 3100 43.3130

229 145.00 43. 10 13.77 .08 18603.0 62.78 • 8100 43.271

1

230 149.86 42.6 5 12.89 • 040 18584.0 6 5.43 .8121 43.2269

231 145.72 45.20 13.37 . 100 18620.0 63. 18 .8004 43.3107

232 1 47 . 97 43.83 13.89 .040 18617.0 64.43 .8067 43.3037

233 146.6 1 43.62 13.73 .200 18610.0 63.67 .8076 43.2374

234 149.8 5 44.90 14.02 .06 186 47 .0 6 5.47 .3018 43.3735

235 1 48 . 8 4 44.31 14.04 .06 18660.0 64.91 .8045 43.4037

236 148.66 42.96 13.81 . 120 18593.0 64.31 .8 107 43.2479

237 148.9 3 42.64 13.82 . 100 18604.0 64.96 • 8 122 43.2735

238 1 49 . 1 3 42.64 13.33 . 190 18609.0 6 5.07 .8122 43.2351

239 129.33 41 .82 13.39 .050 18486.0 5 4.07 • 8160 42.9990

240 146.05 43.03 13.82 .050 13590.0 63.36 .3104 43.2409

241 151 .65 43.25 13.37 . 130 18621 .0 66.47 .3093 43.3130

242 144.6

1

41.36 13.70 .050 18581 .0 62.56 .3132 43.2200

243 163.69 44.20 14.34 .010 18725.0 73. 16 • 8050 43. 5549

244 139.77 47 .40 14.01 . 140 18640.0 59.87 .7906 43.3572

245 146.43 45.90 13.96 . 180 136 38.0 63.57 .7973 43.3526

2 46 146.77 46.83 13.85 .230 18686.0 63.76 .7931 43.4642

2 47 140.47 48.05 14. 1 1 .210 18663.0 60.26 .7377 43.4223

248 1 1 9 . 07 39.97 13.40 .030 1851 1 .0 48.37 .8243 43.0571

16
TABLE 2 (cont inued)

==================== ======r, === ===========================

KEROo INE (continued)

2 49 158. 16 45.38 14.29 . 120 18703.0 70.09 .7996 43.5037

250 138.09 42.53 13.60 .23 18 547.0 53.94 .3 127 43. 1409

251 152.58 43.21 13.92 .040 18619.0 66.99 .3095 43.3084

252 154.38 50.55 14.80 .010 18795.0 67.99 .7769 43.7 177

253 17 3.46 50.62 14.90 .08 18861.0 78.59 .7766 43.37 13

254 158.95 44.68 14.30 .050 187 16.0 70.53 • 8 028 43.5340

255 135.67 40.03 13.50 .340 18 477.0 57.59 .8245 42.978 1 2 56 1 46 . 07 42.06 13.80 .050 18566.0 63.37 .8 149 43. 1851

257 152.36 44.88 14. 10 .020 18652.0 66.87 .8019 43.3851

258 157.77 46.40 14.40 .040 18685.0 69.87 .7950 43.46 19

259 149.34 43.37 13.90 .040 18618.0 65. 19 .8088 43.3060

260 131.70 39.94 13.40 . 120 18484.0 55.39 .8250 42.9943

26 1 1 16.76 37.3 13.00 . 130 18370.0 47.09 .8354 42.7 29 2

26 2 158.94 42.09 13.90 .020 18666.0 70.52 .3 143 43.4177

263 159.8 4 44. 13 14.20 .020 187 09.0 7 1 .02 .8051 43.5177

264 1 59 . 47 44.20 14.20 .020 187 32.0 70.82 .8050 43.57 12

265 155.32 44.7 1 14. 1 1 .09 18674.0 68.51 .3027 43.4363

266 1 48 • 1

2

43.62 14.01 . 140 18600.0 64.51 .8076 43.2642

267 157.66 43. 14 14.27 .010 18691.0 69.81 .8099 43.4758

17
3. Equations for Predicting Net Enthalpy of Combustion

Some previously developed equations for predicting net heat of

combustion are given in table 1. All but one of these are in the form

of equation (1). The input to these equations are aniline point in °F

and gravity in °API. Converting equation (1) to use aniline point in

°C and relative density in place of gravity by use of equations (8) and

(9) gives

Q' = (Q - B(6)*S)/(1 - ,01*S) = B(0) + B(l)(-4208 - 236. 7A + ^^ + 254.7 -) (12)

g g

This equation contains linear terms in A and 1/g and a quadratic, A/g,

term.

The full quadratic equation, (13), in A and 1/D with seven adjustable

parameters has been chosen as the most general to be considered.

q» = (Q - B(6)*S)/(1 - .01*S) = B(0) + B(l) A + B(2) x 1/D +

B(3) x A/D + B(4) x A

2 + B(5) x (1/D)

2

. (13)

Variations of this equation were obtained by:

1. Setting B(6) = 43. 7(Btu/lb)

;

2. Setting the (1 - ,01*S) factor = 1;

3. Setting B(6) = and (1 - ,01*S) = 1 (no sulfur correction);

4. Setting the coefficient B(l) through B(5) to singly or in

combinations of 2, 3, or 4.

Equation (13) and the variations obtained by combining each of 1.,

2., and 3. with those obtained in 4. were used to fit the experimental

data on each fuel type, each class of fuel, and on all fuels, by a

least squares procedure. The results of these fits were examined by an

18
analysis of variance to find the simplest equation that would adequately

fit the data. The results of this analysis lead to some conclusions

and recommendations.

First consider the sulfur correction as included in the left side

of equation (13) and its variations

Q» - (Q - B(6)*S)/(1 - .01*S) (14)

or

or

or

Q* = (Q - 43.7*S)/(1 - ,01*S) Btu/lb (15)

Q' = Q + B(6)*S (16)

Q

: = Q (no sulfur correction) (17)

All the data were used to fit these variations of equations (13) . The

results are shown in table 3. The variations are shown in order of

goodness of fit. SS is the sum of squares of deviations. SD is the

estimate of standard deviation.

Table 3. Comparison of sulfur corrections

Fuel class: All; No. of pts: 267

qn. SS SD(Q)

(Btu/lb)

B(6)

(Btu/lb)

SD(B(6))

(Btu/lb) z (Btu'lb)

14 168974 25.5 134.6 20.0

16 169004 25.5 50.4 20.1

17 173111 25.8 — —

15 182689 26.5 43.7

It is seen that a value of 135 for B(6) in eq. 14 gives significantly better

fit than the value of 43.7 previously used. Further there is no

improvement by including the factor (1 - .01*S) . The recommended

19
sulfur correction is, therefore, eqn . (16) with a value of 50 Btu/lb

for B(6) which gives equations (18) and (19) .

q' = q + 50*S Btu/lb (18)

Q

1 = Q + 0.1163*S MJ/kg (19)

This sulfur correction is purely empirical and derived from the low

sulfur fuels considered here. It may not apply either in value or form

to other fuels, particularly those with high sulfur content.

Now considering the terms on the right side of eqn. (13) the

results of the analysis of variance are shown in table 4 and it is

found that within each of four of the five classes of fuels the fit

is not improved by using more than three terms. One term must contain

A and one 1/D. The linear equation

Q

f = B(0) + B(1)*A + B(2)*l/D (20)

fits all classes except kerosine as well as any other variation. For

kerosine addition of quadratic terms gives a significant improvement

in fit.

The linear equations for each of the classes of fuel are given in

table 5. Table 6 and 7 give values of Q

f calculated from the

equations in table 5

.

All the data in table 2 were combined, corrected for sulfur by

eqn. (18) and fitted to the quadratic equation (21). Values of the

coefficients are given in table 8. Tables 9 and 10 give values of

Q' calculated from equation (21) and table 8.

Q' = B(0) + B(1)*A + B(2)*(l/D) + B(3)*(A/D) + B(4)*A

2 + (21)

B(5)*(l/D2)

20
Table 4. Analysis of Variance

Equation:

Q

? = B(0) + B(1)X(1) + B(2)X(2) + B(3)X(3) + B(4)X(4) + B(5)X(5)

No* X(l) X(2) X(3) X(4) X(5)

1 A 1/D A/D A

2 1/D

2

2 A 1/D A/D A2

2

3 A 1/D A/D 1/D

4 A 1/D

i

2

1/D

Z 1/D

2

1/D

2

5 A A/D

6 1/D A/D

7 A 1/D A/D

8 A 1/D A2 A

2

A

2

2

1/D,

i/d;

i/d;

9 A A/D

10 1/D A/D

11 A 1/D

12 A A/D

13 1/D A/D

14 A l/D^

1/D

2

1/D

2

15 1/D

16 A/D

17 A 1/D

18 A A/D

19 A A2

2 1/DZ 20 A

21 1/D A/D

22 1/D A

2

2

23 1/D 1/D

24 A/D A

2 2

i/d;

1/D

2 25 A/D

26 A2

27 A

28 1/D

29 A/D

30 A2

31 1/D2

32 A*G

33 A*G

21
Table 4 (continued)

Units of Q' are Btu/lb

Units of A are °C except in eqn. 33

Units of A are °F in eqn. 33

Units of D are g/cmJ Units of G are °API

^Equation numbers here are not the same as those in the text.

Equation 1 here corresponds to eqn. 21 in the text. Equation 17

here corresponds to eqn. 20 in the text. Equation 33 here corresponds

to eqn. 1 in the text.

Definitions

:

No = eqn. number given above

PAR = number of adjustable parameters in equation

DF = degrees of freedom

SS = sum of squares of deviations

MS = mean square = SS/DF

DELDF = DF - DF(eqn 1)

DELSS = SS - SS(eqn 1)

DELMS = DELSS /DELDF

F = DELMS /MS (eqn 1)

F(.95) = critical value of F at 95% confidence level

22
Table A (continued)

FUEL: ALL* 267 PTS.

EQN PAR OF SS MS OELDF DELSS

12

3

4

5

6

78

9

10

1 1 12

13

14

15

16

1718

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

261

262

262

262

262

26 2

263

26 3

263

263

263

26 3

263

26 3

26 3

26 3

26 4

26 4

26 4

26 4

26 4

26 4

26 4

26 4

26 4

26 4

26 5 26 5

265

26 5 26 5

26 5

26 5

168173

221394

170695

18 489

243109

169681

221410

22139 4

339829

227 233

185238

2431 1 1 17 3246

243155

214122

247 131

22141

1

343231

5985312

243155

2278 17

244227

229 497 9

5 27 39 4

247 47 5

264244

6013541

237 4336

353931

1

5987 512

2348819

459990

295221

644

845

651

705

9 27

6 47

841

841

1292

364

704

924

658

924

814

939

838

1300

2267 1 921

862

925

8693

1997

9 37

1000

22692

8959

13355

22594

8863

1735

1114

53221

2522

16717

7 49 36

1508

53237

53221

17 1656

59060

17065

7 4938

507 3

74982

45949

78958

53233

17 5057

58 17 139

7 4982

59644

76054

2126806

359221

79302

9607 1 5845368

2206163

337 1 138

5819339

21806 46

291817

127 043

DELMS

53221

2522

167 17

7 49 36

1508

26618

266 10

85828

29530

8532

37 469

2536

37 49 1 2297 4

39 47 9

17746

58352

1939046

24994

19381

25351

703935

1 197 40

26434

32023

1461342

551540

8 427 3 4

1454834

545161

72954

31762

82.

3- 25.

1 16.

2. 41.

41 . 133.

45.

13-

58.

3. 58-

35.

61.

27.

90.

3009.3

38.8

30.9

39.3

1 100.2

135.3

41.0

49.7

2268.0

356.0

1308.0

2257.9

3 46. 1

1 13.2

49.3

6

9

9

3

3

3

3

2

8

2

2

9

2

7

3

5

6

F( .95)

3.9

3. 1

2.7

2.4

23
Table 4 (continued)

FUEL: GASOLINE 100/130* 115/1451 40 PTSQN PAR DF SS MS DELDF DELSS OELMS F FC.95)

1 6 34 18945 5 57

2 5 35 19052 544 107 107 .2 4, i 3 5 35 19546 558 601 601 1. 1 4 5 35 19 102 545 157 157 .3

5 5 35 19039 543 93 93 .2

6 5 35 19 094 545 148 148 .3

7 4 36 19813 550 2 868 434 •8 3.3

8 4 36 19128 531 2 182 91 .2

9 4 36 19342 537 2 396 198 .4

10 4 36 19116 531 2 17 1 85 .2

1 1 4 36 20339 564 2 139 4 697 1.3

12 4 36 19799 549 2 853 426 .8

13 4 36 20194 560 2 1248 624 1. 1 14 4 36 19138 531 2 193 96 .2

15 4 36 19167 532 2 221 1 10 .2

16 4 36 19 128 531 2 182 91 .2

17 3 37 20904 564 3 1958 652 1*2 2.9

18 3 37 20015 540 3 1069 356 .6

19 3 37 26242 7 09 3 7 297 2432 4.4

20 3 37 20842 56 3 3 1896 632 1. 1 21 3 37 20516 554 3 157 523 .9

22 3 37 19167 518 3 221 73 . 1 23 3 37 7 49 17 2024 3 5597 1 18657 33.5

24 3 37 23298 629 3 4353 1451 2.6

25 3 37 20485 553 3 1539 513 .9

26 3 37 19167 518 3 221 73 . 1 27 2 38 29215 768 4 10269 2567 4.6 2.7

28 2 38 93043 2448 4 7 4097 18524 33.2

29 2 38 23322 613 4 437 6 109 4 2.0

30 2 38 26314 692 4 7 368 1842 3.3

31 2 38 9 46 42 2490 4 7 5697 13924 34.0

32 2 38 20016 526 4 107 1 267 .5

33 2 38 2047 8 538 4 1533 383 .7

24
Table 4 (continued)

FUEL: ANF-28* ANF-53J 89 PTS

ON PAR DF SS MS DELDF DELSS DELMS F FC.95)

1 6 33 6131 1 738

2 5 84 63269 753 19 57 19 57 2.7 4.0

3 5 84 61313 7 29 2 2 0.0

4 5 84 61744 735 432 432 .6

5 5 84 64667 769 3355 3355 4.5

6 5 84 61373 730 61 61 . 1 7 4 85 64185 755 2 287 4 1437 1.9 3. 1 8 4 85 6 36 07 7 48 2 2296 1 148 1.6

9 4 85 7 7 476 91 1 2 16164 3 08 2 10.9

10 4 85 6 46 27 760 2 3316 1658 2.2

11 4 85 62433 734 2 1 121 56 .8

12 4 85 6 57 48 773 2 4436 2218 3.0

13 4 85 6 1439 7 22 2 127 63 . 1 14 4 85 65226 767 2 39 14 1957 2.6

15 4 85 66 427 781 2 51 15 2557 3.5

16 4 85 66295 779 2 4983 249 1 3.4

17 3 86 64186 7 46 3 287 4 958 1.3 2.7

18 3 86 81238 944 3 19926 6642 9.0

19 3 86 547 297 6363 3 485985 161995 219.3

20 3 86 6 57 52 764 3 4441 148 2.0

21 3 86 6 4921 754 3 3609 1203 1.6

22 3 86 68534 796 3 7 223 2407 3.3

23 3 36 537 414 6249 3 47 6 102 158700 214.3

24 3 86 1267 14 147 3 3 65402 21800 29.5

25 3 86 66544 773 3 5232 1744 2.4

26 3 86 7 0297 817 3 8986 2995 4. 1 27 2 87 564902 6 49 3 4 503590 125897 170.4 2.5

28 2 87 537724 6180 4 47 6 4 1 2 1 19103 161.2

29 2 87 317 48 36 49 4 256168 64042 86.7

30 2 87 623453 7 166 4 562142 140535 190.2

31 2 87 537 442 6177 4 47 6130 1 19032 161.1

32 2 87 99783 1 146 4 38 47 1 9617 13.0

33 2 87 7 3407 843 4 12095 3023 4. 1

25
Table 4 (continued)

FUEL: JP-4; 17 PTS.

QN PAR DF SS MS DELDF DELSS DELMS F FC95))

1 6 1 1 18 39 167

2 5 12 1840 153 1 1 0.0 4.8

3 5 12 2234 186 39 4 39 4 2.4

4 5 12 1841 153 2 2 0.0

5 5 12 1859 154 20 20 . 1 6 5 12 1853 154 14 14 . 1 7 4 13 2238 172 2 399 199 1.2 4.0

8 4 13 1843 141 2 4 2 o.o

9 4 13 2048 157 2 208 104 .6

10 4 13 1853 142 2 14 7 0.0

1 1 4 13 239 4 184 2 554 277 1.7

12 4 13 2241 172 2 402 201 1.2

13 4 13 2344 180 2 505 252 1.5

14 4 13 1861 143 2 21 10 . 1 15 4 13 2124 163 2 28 4 142 .9

16 4 13 187 6 144 2 36 18 . 1 17 3 14 2394 17 1 3 554 184 1. 1 3.6

18 3 14 2251 160 3 412 137 .8

19 3 14 557 35 398 1 3 53895 17965 107.4

20 3 14 2403 17 1 3 564 188 1. 1 21 3 14 2345 167 3 505 168 1.0

22 3 14 2125 151 3 28 5 95 .6

23 3 14 16609 1 186 3 14770 4923 29.4

24 3 14 5537 39 5 3 3698 1232 7.4

25 3 14 2354 168 3 515 17 1 1.0

26 3 14 2140 152 3 300 100 .6

27 2 15 68840 4589 4 67000 16750 100.2 3.4

28 2 15 21 179 141 1 4 19339 4834 28.9

29 2 15 40931 27 28 4 3909 1 9772 58.4

30 2 15 65978 4398 4 64139 16034 95.9

31 2 15 20603 137 3 4 18764 469 1 28. 1 32 2 15 8 57 4 57 1 4 67 34 1683 10. 1 33 2 15 4427 29 5 4 2587 6 46 3.9

26
Table 4 (continued)

FUEL: JP-5; 11 PTS.

ON PAR DF SS MS DELDF DELSS

1 6 5 46 06 921

2 5 6 7004 1 167 2398

3 5 6 7 527 1254 2921

4 5 6 7 309 1218 27 03

5 5 6 6652 1 108 2045

6 5 6 7 137 1 189 2531

7 4 7 7618 1088 2 3012

8 4 7 7315 1045 2 27 09

9 4 7 7 6 06 1086 2 2999

10 4 7 7 177 1025 2 257

1 1 4 7 7 57 8 1082 2 297 2

12 4 7 7592 1084 2 2986

13 4 7 7 588 108 4 2 2982

14 4 7 7310 1044 2 27 03

15 4 7 7 48 1068 2 287 4

16 4 7 7 147 1021 2 2540

17 3 8 7619 952 3 3012

18 3 8 77 16 964 3 31 10

19 3 8 21072 2634 3 16466

20 3 8 7 597 9 49 3 299 1 21 3 8 7619 952 3 3013

22 3 8 7505 9 38 3 2899

23 3 8 9622 1202 3 5016

24 3 8 9260 1 157 3 4654

25 3 8 7602 950 3 2996

26 3 8 7 49 936 3 2883

27 2 9 27 07 6 3008 4 22469

28 2 9 1 1 158 1239 4 6551

29 2 9 17912 1990 4 13306

30 2 9 25415 2823 4 20808

31 2 9 10910 1212 4 6304

32 2 9 8960 995 4 4353

33 2 9 8 140 904 4 3534

CLfli r FC.95)

2398

2921

2.6

3.2

6.6

27 03 2.9

2045 2.2

2531 2.7

1506

1354

1.6

1.5

5.8

1499 1.6

1285 1.4

1486 1.6

149 3 1.6

149 1 1.6

1351 1.5

1437 1.6

127 1.4

1004

1036

1. 1 1. 1 5.4

5488 6.0

997 1. 1 1004 1. 1 966 1.0

1672 1.8

1551 1.7

998 1. 1 961 1.0

5617

1637

6. 1 1.8

5.2

3326 3.6

5202 5.6

1576 1.7

1038 1.2

883 1.0

27
Table 4 (continued)

FUEL: KEROSINEJ 110 PTS.

EQN PAR OF SS MS DELDF DELSS

12

3

4

5

6

78

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

1718

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

6

5

5

55

54

4

4

4

4

44

4

44

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

104

105

105

105

105

105

106

106

106

106

106

106

106

106

106

106

107

107

107

107

107

107

107

107

107

107

108

108

108

108

108

108

108

35338

35763

43386

36 17 3

36533

35553

45488

39 121

458 38

37 545

451 10

45921

44562

39967

40326

386 14

4567

47 549

210359

46 100

45497

41403

165431

7 8 063

45936

41979

219784

195794

1406 31

212306

200480

5257 1 4687 3

339

340

413

344

347

338

429

369

432

354

425

433

420

37 7 380

364

426

444

1965

430

425

386

1546

7 29

429

392

2035

1812

1302

1965

1856

486

434

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

4

4

4

4

4

44

425

8 047

834

1 195

215

10149

3783

10500

2207

9772

10583

9224

46 28

4988

3276

10331

1221 1 175020

107 62

10159

6 06 5

130093

427 25

10598

6641

184446

160455

105292

176968

165142

17233

1 1535

DELMS

425

8047

834

1 195

215

507 4

1891

5250

1 103

4886

529 1 46 12

2314

2494

16 38

3443

407

58340

3587

3386

2021

43364

14241

3532

2213

46 1 1 1 401 13

26323

44242

41285

4308

2883

1 23

2

3

14

5

15

3

14

15

13

6

74

10

12

171

10

10

5

127

41

10

6

135

1 18

77

130

121

12

8

3

75

5

6

9

6

5

2

4

.66

•3.3

.8

1

7

.6

.9

.69

.4

.5

,7

. 1 .5

.2

,5

,7

,5

FC.95)

4.0

3. 1

2.7

2.5

28
TABLE 5. LINEAR EQUATIONS

Q' = BCO) +BC1)*A + BC2)*(1/D>

UNITS OF A ARE °C

UNITS OF D ARE g'cm.

FOR Q' IN Btu/lb USE B PARAMETERS.

FOR Q' IN MJ/kg USE C PARAMETERS.

GASOLINE 100/130 AND 115/145

N= 40

PARAMETERS STD DEV

B( ) 15908. 1 546.499

BC 1 ) 11.2799 .998234

B< 2 ) 1627.07 424.217

C< ) 37.0028 1.27 1 17

CC 1 ) 2.62373E-2 2.32192E-3

C( 2 ) 3.78461 .98674

STD DEV= 23.7692 Btu/lb = 5.52879E-2 MJ/kg

MAX DEV= 46.928 .109156

ANF-28 AND ANF-58 (JP3)

N= 89

STD DEV

8 5.6108

.432609

68.9638

. 199133

1.00626E-3

. 160412

STD DEV= 27.3195 Btu/lb = .063546 MJ/kg

MAX DEV= 69.0038 .160505

PARAMETERS

B< ) 15750.3

B< 1 ) 10.8968

B< 2 ) 1786.26

C< ) 36.6358

C< 1 > 2.53463E-2

C( 2 ) 4. 15489

29
Table 5 (continued)

JP-4

N= 17 PARAMETERS

BC ) 15084.6

B< 1 ) 7.71592

BC 2 ) 2452.45

STD DEV

145.533

.736492

124.418

C(

CC

CC

)

1 ) 2 )

35.0873

1.79545E-2

5.7 0447

.333526

1.7 1310E-3

.2894

STD DEV= 13.0773 Btu / lb = 3.04182E-2 MJ/kg

MAX DEV= 24.2408 5.63349E-2

JP-5

N= 1 1 PARAMETERS

BC > 14921.4

BC 1 ) 6.21346

BC 2 ) 26 48.7 7

STD DEV

556.939

3.2234

586.03

CC

CC

CC

)

1 ) 2 )

34.7076

1.44527E-2

6. 161 12

1.29 546

7.4977 4E-3

1.36312

STD DEV= 30.8611

MAX DE\/=-63.4062

Btu /lb = 7.17838E-2 MJ/kg

-. 159 1 15

KEROSINE

N= 110

PARAMI:ters STD DEV

BC ) 15107.5 134.22

BC 1 > 8. 1416 .43412

BC 2 ) 2416.43 1 19.644

CC ) 35. 1405 .3122

CC 1 ) 1.89376E -2 1.00978E-3

CC 2 > 5.6208 .278295

STD DEV= 20.6597 Btu /lb = 4.80552E-2 MJ/kg

MAX DEV= 8 1.4423 . 189438

30
TABLE 6. NET ENTHALPY OF COMBUSTION

GASOLINE 100/130 AND 115/145

Q* /(Btu /lb)

D/(g/cm 3) A/(°C)

20 30 40 50 60 70 80

.6500 : [ 18636.9 18749.7 18862.5 18975.3 19088.1 19200.9 19313.7

• 6600 [ 18599.0 1871 1.8 18824.6 18937.4 19050.2 19163.0 19275.7

.6700 ] [ 18562.2 18675.0 18787.8 18900.6 19013.4 19126.2 19239.0

.6800 ] [ 18526.4 18639.2 18752.0 18864.8 18977.6 19090.4 19203.2

.6900 [ 18491.8 18604.6 18717.4 18830.2 18943.0 19055.8 19168.6

.7000 : [ 18458.1 18570.9 18683.7 18796.5 18909.3 19022.

1

19134.9

.7100 ] ! 18425.3 18538.1 18650.9 18763.7 18876.5 18989.3 19102.1

.7200 ][ 18393.5 18506.3 18619. 1 18731 .9 18844.7 18957.5 19070.3

.7300 ] [ 18362.6 18475.4 18588.2 18701 .0 18813.8 18926.6 19039.4

.7400 1 [ 18332.4 18445.2 18558.0 18670.8 18783.6 18896.4 19009.2

.7500 ] [ 18303.1 18415.9 18528.7 18641.5 18754.3 18867.

1

18979.9

.7600 1 [ 18274.6 18387.4 18500.2 18613.0 18725.8 18838.6 18951 .4

.7700 ] [ 18246.8 18359.6 18472.4 18585.2 18698.0 18810.8 18923.6

.7800 ] t 18219.7 18332.5 18445.3 18558.

1

18670.9 18783.7 18896.5

.7900 ][ 18193.3 18306.1 18418.9 18531.7 18644.5 18757.3 18870.1

.8000 ][ 18167.5 18280.3 18393.1 18505.9 18618.7 18731.5 18844.3

•8100 ] [ 18142.4 18255.2 18368.0 18480.8 18593.6 18706.4 18819.2

•8200 ] 181 17.9 18230.7 18343.5 18456.3 18569.1 18681 .9 18794.7

.8300 ][ 18094.0 18206.8 18319.6 18432.4 18545.2 18658.0 18770.8

.8400 ] 18070.7 18183.5 18296.3 18409.

1

18521 .9 18634.7 18747.5

.8500 ] 18047.9 18160.7 18273.5 18386.3 18499.1 1861 1.9 18724.7

.8600 ] 18025.6 18138.4 18251 .2 18364.0 18476.8 18589.6 18702.4

•87 00 ] 18003.9 181 16.7 18229.5 18342.3 18455.

1

18567.9 18680.7

.8800 1 17982.6 18095.4 18208.2 18321.0 18433.8 18546.6 18659.4

.8900 ]t 17961.9 18074.7 18187.5 18300.3 18413.1 18525.9 18638.7

31
Table 6 (continued)

33333333333333=3333333=33333333=3333333333!

ANF-28 AND ANF-58 (JP3)

Q • / ( Btu / lb )

D/C g/cm3

) 20 30

A/(°C)

40 50 60 70 80

.6500 I [ 18716.3 18825.3 18934.3 19043.2 19152.2 19261.2 19370.1

.6600 ] [ 18674.7 18783.7 18892.6 19001.6 191 10.6 19219.5 19328.5

.6700 ] t 18634.3 18743.3 18852.2 18961.2 19070.2 19179.1 19288.1

.6800 1 [ 18595.1 18704.

1

18813.0 18922.0 19031 .0 19139.9 19248.9

.6900 ] [ 18557.0 18666.0 18775.0 18883*9 18992.9 19101 .9 19210.8

.7000 [ 18520.0 18629.0 18738.0 18846.9 18955.9 19064.9 19173.8

.7100 ] [ 18484.1 18593.1 18702.0 1881 1.0 18920.0 19028.9 19137.9

.7200 1 [ 18449.2 18558. 1 18667. 1 18776.

1

18885.0 18994.0 19103.0

.7300 ] I 18415.2 18524.1 18633.1 18742. 1 18851 .0 18960.0 19069.0

.7400 [ 18382.1 1849 1 .

1

18600.0 18709.0 18818.0 18926.9 19035.9

.7500 ] [ 18349.9 18458.9 18567.9 18676.8 18785.8 18894.8 19003.7

.7600 : [ 18318.6 18427.5 18536.5 18645.5 18754.5 18863.4 18972.4

.7700 1 t 18288.1 18397.0 18506.0 18615.0 18723.9 18832.9 18941 .9

.7800 ] [ 18258.3 18367.3 18476.2 18585.2 18694.2 18803.2 18912.1

.7900 ] [ 18229.3 18338.3 18447.3 18556.2 18665.2 18774.2 18883.1

.8000 [ 18201.1 18310.0 18419.0 18528.0 18636.9 18745.9 18854.9

.8100 ] [ 18173.5 18282.5 18391.4 18500.4 18609.4 18718.3 18827.3

.8200 1 [ 18146.6 18255.6 18364.5 18473.5 18582.5 18691 .4 18800.4

.8300 1 [ 18120.4 18229.3 18338.3 18447.3 18556.2 18665.2 18774.2

.8400 1 [ 18094.7 18203.7 18312.7 18421.6 18530.6 18639.6 18748.5

.8500 : 18069.7 18178.7 18287.7 18396.6 18505.6 18614.6 18723.5

•8600 ] [ 18045.3 18154.3 18263.2 18372.2 18481 .2 18590.

1

18699.1

.87 00 ] [ 18021.4 18130.4 18239.3 18348.3 18457.3 18566.2 18675.2

.8800 : [ 17998.1 18107.0 18216.0 18325.0 18433.9 18542.9 18651 .9

.8900 ] [ 17975.3 18084.2 18193.2 18302.2 1841 1 . 1 18520.1 18629.1

32
Table 6 (continued)

I3333333S3X33333333333S33333:

JP-4

Q * / < Btu / lb )

D/(g/cm3

)

.6500 ]

A/( °C>

20 30 40 50 60 70 80

[ 19012.0 19089.2 19166.4 19243.5 19320.7 19397.9 19475.1

•6600 1 [ 18954.8 19032.0 19109.2 19186.4 19263.6 19340.8 19417.9

.6700 ]t 18899.4 18976.5 19053.7 19130.9 19208.

1

19285.3 19362.5

.6800 ] t 18845.5 18922.7 18999.9 19077.

1

19154.3 19231 .5 19308.7

.6900 :[ 18793.3 18870.4 18947.6 19024.8 19102.0 19179.2 19256.4

.7000 ] [ 187 42.5 18819.7 18896.9 18974.0 19051 .2 19128.4 19205.6

.7100 ] [ 18693.1 18770.3 18847.5 18924.7 19001 .9 19079.

1

19156.3

.7200 ] [ 18645.2 18722.3 18799.5 18876.7 18953.9 19031 .1 19108.3

.7300 3[ 18598.5 18675.7 18752.9 18830. 1 18907.3 18984.4 19061 .6

.7400 3I 18553.1 18630.3 187 07.5 18784.7 18861 .9 18939.0 19016.2

.7500 1 [ 18508.9 18586.

1

18663.3 18740.5 18817.7 18894.9 18972.0

.7600 !t 18465.9 18543.1 18620.3 18697.5 18774.6 18851 .8 18929.0

.7700 ] [ 18424.0 18501.2 18578.4 18655.5 18732.7 18809.9 18887.1

.7800 ] [ 18383.1 18460.3 18537.5 18614.7 18691 .9 18769.1 18846.3

.7900 1[ 18343.3 18420.5 18497.7 18574.9 18652. 1 18729.3 18806.5

.8000 3 [ 18304.5 18381 .7 18458.9 18536.

1

18613.3 18690.5 18767.7

.8100 1[ 18266.7 18343.9 18421.1 18498.3 18575.5 18652.6 18729.8

.8200 3 [ 18229.8 18307.0 18384.1 18461.3 18538.5 18615.7 18692.9

.8300 3 [ 18193.7 18270.9 18348.1 18425.3 18502.5 18579.7 18656.9

.8400 [ 18158.6 18235.8 18312.9 18390. 1 18467.3 18544.5 18621 .7

.8500 [ 18124.2 18201.4 18278.6 18355.8 18433.0 18510.2 1 8587.3

.8600 : t 18090.7 18167.9 18245.0 18322.2 18399.4 18476.6 18553.8

.8700 3 [ 18057.9 18135.

1

18212.3 18289.5 18366.6 18443.8 18521 .0

.8800 ] [ 18025.9 18103.0 18180.2 18257.4 18334.6 1841 1 .8 18489.0

.8900 ] [ 17994.5 1807 1 .7 18148.9 18226.

1

18303.3 18380.5 18457.7

33
Table 6 (continued)

JP-5

Q' /CBtu/lb)

D/(g/cm3

) A/C °C>

[ 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

.6500 ] [ 19120.7 19182.8 19245.0 19307.

1

19369.2 19431 .4 19493.5

.6600 ] [ 19059.0 19121. 1 19183.2 19245.4 19307.5 19369.6 19431 .8

.6700 ] [ 18999.1 19061.2 19123.3 19185.5 19247.6 19309.7 19371 .9

.6800 ]

r 18940.9 19003.1 19065.2 19127.3 19189.5 19251 .6 19313.7

.6900 : [ 18884.5 18946.6 19008.7 19070.9 19133.0 19195.

1

19257.3

.7000 t 18829.6 18891 .8 18953.9 19016.0 19078.

2

19140.3 19202.4

.7100 [ 18776.3 18838.5 18900.6 18962.7 19024.9 19087.0 19149.

1

.7200 ] [ 18724.5 16786.7 18848.8 18910.9 18973.

1

19035.2 19097.3

.7300 1 [ 1867 4.1 18736.3 18798.4 18860.5 18922.7 18984.8 19046.9

.7400 ] 18625.

1

18687.2 18749.4 1881 1 .5 18873.6 18935.8 18997.9

.7500 ] [ 18577.4 18639.5 18701 .6 18763.8 18825.9 18888.0 18950.2

.7600 ] [ 18530.9 18593.0 18655.2 18717.3 18779.4 18841 .6 18903.7

.7700 1 [ 18485.6 18547.8 18609.9 18672.0 18734.2 18796.3 18858.4

.7800 ] [ 18441.5 18503.7 18565.8 18627.9 18690.

1

18752.2 18814.3

.7900 ] t 18398.5 18460.7 18522.8 18584.9 18647.

1

18709.2 18771 .4

.8000 1 18356.6 18418.8 18480.9 18543.0 18605.2 18667.3 18729.4

.8100 ] [ 18315.8 18377.9 18440.0 18502.2 18564.3 18626.4 18688.6

.8200 ] [ 18275.9 18338.0 18400.

1

18462.3 18524.4 18586.5 18648.7

.8300 ] [ 18237.0 18299.

1

18361.2 18423.4 18485.5 18547.6 18609.8

.8400 ] [ 18199.0 18261 . 1 18323.2 18385.4 18447.5 18509.6 18571 .8

.8500 ] 18161 .9 18224.0 18286.

1

18348.3 18410.4 18472.5 18534.7

.8600 ] [ 18125.6 18187.8 18249.9 18312.0 18374.2 18436.3 18498.4

.8700 ] 18090.2 18152.4 18214.5 18276.6 18338.8 18400.9 18463.0

.8800 ] [ 18055.6 181 17.8 18179.9 18242.0 18304.2 18366.3 18428.4

.8900 ] 18021.8 18083.9 18146.

1

18208.2 18270.4 18332.5 18394.6

34
Table 6 (continued)

S SB S2 SS =3 KEFOSINE

Q'/(Btu /lb)

A/

(

e C

)

40 50

D/< g/cm3

)

.6500

.6600

.6700

• 6800

.6900

.7000

.7 100

.7200

.7300

.7400

.7500

.7600

.7700

.7800

.7900

• 8000

.8100

.8200

.8300

.8400

.8500

.8600

.8700

.8800

• 8900

20

18988.0

18931 .7

18877.0

18824.0

18772.5

18722.4

1867 3.8

18626.6

18580.6

18535.8

18492.3

18449.9

18408.6

18368.4

18329.2

18290.9

18253.6

18217.3

18181 .8

18147.

1

181 13.2

18080.2

18047.9

18016.3

17985.5

30 60 70

19069.4

19013.

1

18958.4

18905.4

18853.9

18803.9

18755.2

18708.0

18662.0

18617.3

18573.7

18531.3

18490.0

18449.8

18410.6

18372.3

18335.

1

18298.7

18263.2

18228.5

18194.7

18161 .6

18129.3

18097.7

18066.9

19150.8

19094.5

19039.9

18986.8

18935.3

18885.3

18836.7

18789.4

18743.4

18698.7

18655.1

18612.7

18571 .4

18531.2

18492.0

18453.8

18416.5

18380.1

18344.6

18309.9

18276.1

18243.0

18210.7

18179.2

18148.3

19232.2

19175.9

19121.3

19068.2

19016.7

18966.7

18918.

1

18870.8

18824.8

18780.

1

18736.6

18694.2

18652.9

18612.6

18573.4

18535.2

18497.9

18461.5

18426.0

18391.3

18357.5

18324.4

18292.

1

18260.6

18229.7

19313.7

19257.3

19202.7

19149.6

19098.1

19048.

1

18999.5

18952.2

18906.2

18861 .5

18818.0

18775.6

18734.3

18694.0

18654.8

18616.6

18579.3

18542.9

18507.4

18472.8

18438.9

18405.9

18373.6

18342.0

1831 1 .1

19395. 1 19338.7

19284.1

19231.1

19179.6

19129.5

19080.9

19033.6

18987.7

18942.9

18899.4

18857.0

18815.7

18775.5

18736.2

18698.0

18660.7

18624.3-

18588.8

18554.2

18520.3

18487.3

18455.0

18423.4

18392.6

80

19476.5

19420.2

19365.5

19312.5

19261 .0

19210.9

19 162.3

191 15.1

19069.1

19024.3

18980.8

18938.4

18897.1

18856.9

18817.7

18779.4

18742.1

18705.8

18670.2

18635.6

18601 .7

18568.7

18536.4

18504.8

18474.0

35
TABLE 7. NET ENTHALPY OF COMBUSTION

3ASOLINE 100/130 AND 115/145

Q' /(MJ/kg)

D/(g/cm3

) A/(°C)

1

I 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

I--- -- - -- -

I .6500 I 43.3500 43.6124 43.3748 44.1371 44.3995 44.6619 44.9243

.6600 I 43.2618 43.5242 43.7865 44.0489 44.3113 44.5737 44.8360

.6700 I 43.1762 43.4386 43.7010 43.9633 44.2257 44.4881 44.7505

.6800 I 43.0931 43.3555 43.6179 43.8803 44.1426 44.4050 44.6674

.6900 I 43.0125 43.2749 43.5372 43.7996 44.0620 44.3244 44.5867

I .7000 I 42.9341 43.1965 43.4589 43.7213 43.9336 44.2460 44.5084

.7100 I 42.8580 43.1204 43.3827 43.6451 43.9075 44.1698 44.4322

.7200 I 42.7839 43.0463 43.3087 43.5711 43.8334 44.0958 44.3582

.7300 I 42.7119 42.9743 43.2367 43.4991 43.7614 44.0238 44.2862

.7400 I 42.6419 42.9043 43.1666 43.4290 43.6914 43.9537 44.2161

I .7500 I 42.5737 42.8361 43.0984 43.3608 43.6232 43.8856 44.1479

.7600 I 42.5073 42.7697 43.0320 43.2944 43.5568 43.8192 44.0815

.7700 I 42.4426 42.7050 42.9674 43.2297 43.4921 43.7545 44.0169

.7800 I 42.3796 42.6420 42.9044 43.1667 43.4291 43.6915 43.9538

.7900 I 42.3182 42.5806 42.8429 43.1053 43.3677 43.6301 43.8924

I .8000 I 42.2583 42.5207 42.7831 43.0454 43.3078 43.5702 43.8325

.8100 I 42.1999 42.4623 42.7247 42.9870 43.2494 43.5118 43.7741

.8200 I 42.1429 42.4053 42.6677 42.9300 43.1924 43.4548 43.7172

.8300 I 42.0873 42.3497 42.6121 42.8744 43.1368 43.3992 43.6616

.8400 I 42.0330 42.2954 42.5578 42.8202 43.0825 43.3449 43.6073

I .8500 I 41.9800 42.2424 42.5048 42.7671 43.0295 43.2919 43.5543

.8600 I 41.9283 42.1906 42.4530 42.7154 42.9777 43.2401 43.5025

.8700 I 41.8777 42.1400 42.4024 42.6648 42.9272 43.1895 43.4519

.8800 I 41.8282 42.0906 42.3530 42.6154 42.8777 43.1401 43.4025

.8900 I 41.7799 42.0423 42.3047 42.5670 42.8294 43.0918 43.3542

36
Table 7 (continued)

s ssiss:-:::::::::: saaaa = s = s = aaaasssaa'aaa aaaa saaa =s = = saa a a a sssssasss s'sss

ANF-28 AND ANF-58 <JP3)

Q* /(MJ/kg>

D/(g/cm3

) A/(oC)

! >

I 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

j -

I .6500 I 43.5349 43.7883 44.0418 44.2953 44.5487 44.8022 45.0556

.6600 I 43.4380 43.6915 43.9449 44.1984 44.4519 44.7053 44.9583

.6700 I 43.3441 43.5975 43.8510 44.1044 44.3579 44.6114 44.8648

.6800 I 43.2529 43.5063 43.7598 44.0132 44.2667 44.5202 44.7736

.6900 I 43.1643 43.4178 43.6712 43.9247 44.1782 44.4316 44.6851

I .7000 I 43.0783 43.3317 43.5852 43.8387 44.0921 44.3456 44.5991

.7100 I 42.9947 43.2431 43.5016 43.7551 44.0085 44.2620 44.5155

.7200 I 42.9134 43.1669 43.4203 43.6738 43.9273 44.1807 44.4342

.7300 I 42.8344 43.0878 43.3413 43.5947 43.8482 44.1017 44.3551

.7400 I 42.7574 43.0109 43.2644 43.5178 43.7713 44.0248 44.2782

I .7500 I 42.6826 42.9360 43.1895 43.4430 43.6964 43.9499 44.2034

.7600 I 42.6097 42.8631 43.1166 43.3701 43.6235 43.8770 44.1305

.7700 I 42.5387 42.7922 43.0456 43.2991 43.5525 43.3060 44.0595

.7800 I 42.4695 42.7230 42.9764 43.2299 43.4834 43.7368 43.9903

.7900 I 42.4021 42.6555 42.9090 43.1625 43.4159 43.6694 43.9229

I .8000 I 42.3363 42.5898 42.8433 43.0967 43.3502 43.6037 43.8571

.8100 I 42.2722 42.5257 42.7791 43.0326 43.2861 43.5395 43.7930

.8200 I 42.2097 42.4631 42.7166 42.9701 43.2235 43.4770 43.7304

.8300 I 42.1486 42.4021 42.6555 42.9090 43.1625 43.4159 43.6694

.8400 I 42.0890 42.3425 42.5959 42.3494 43.t029 43.3563 43.6098

I .8500 I 42.0308 42.2843 42.5378 42.7912 43.0447 43.2931 43.5516

.8600 I 41.9740 42.2275 42.4809 42.7344 42.9878 43.2413 43.4948

.8700 I 41.9185 42.1719 42.4254 42.6789 42.9323 43.1858 43.4392

.8800 I 41.8642 42.1177 42.3711 42.6246 42.8730 43.1315 43.3850

.8900 I 41.8111 42.0646 42.3181 42.5715 42.8250 43.0785 43.3319

37
Table 7 (continued)

Jp-4

Q* /CMJ/kg

>

D/fg/cm3

) A/CO

I 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

I

I .6500 I 44.2225 44.4020 44.5816 44.7611 44.9407 45.1202 45.2998

.6600 I 44.0895 44.2691 44.4486 44.6282 44.8077 44.9873 45.1668

.6700 I 43.9605 44.1401 44.3196 44.4992 44.6787 44.8582 45.0378

.6800 I 43.8353 44.0149 44.1944 44.3740 44.5535 44.7330 44.9126

.6900 I 43.7137 43.8933 44.0728 44.2524 44.4319 44.6115 44.7910

I .7000 I 43.5956 43.7752 43.9547 44.1343 44.3138 44.4934 44.6729

.7100 I 43.4809 43.6604 43.8399 44.0195 44.1990 44.3786 44.5581

.7200 I 43.3693 43.5488 43.7284 43.9079 44.0874 44.2670 44.4465

.7300 I 43.2607 43.4403 43.6198 43.7994 43.9789 44.1585 44.3380

.7400 I 43.1551 43.3347 43.5142 43.6938 43.8733 44.0529 44.2324

I .7500 I 43.0524 43.2319 43.4114 43.5910 43.7705 43.9501 44.1296

.7600 I 42.9523 43.1318 43.3114 43.4909 43.6705 43.8500 44.0295

.7700 I 42.8548 43.0343 43.2139 43.3934 43.5730 43.7525 43.9321

.7800 I 42.7598 42.9394 43.1189 43.2984 43.4780 43.6575 43.8371

.7900 I 42.6672 42.8468 43.0263 43.2059 43.3854 43.5650 43.7445

I .8000 I 42.5770 42.7565 42.9361 43.1156 43.2952 43.4747 43.6542

.8100 I 42.4889 42.6685 42.8480 43.0276 43.2071 43.3867 43.5662

.8200 I 42.4031 42.5826 42.7622 42.9417 43.1212 43.3008 43.4803

.8300 I 42.3192 42.4988 42.6783 42.8579 43.0374 43.2170 43.3965

.8400 I 42.2374 42.4170 42.5965 42.7761 42.9556 43.1352 43.3147

I .8500 I 42.1575 42.3371 42.5166 42.6962 42.8757 43.0553 43.2348

.8600 I 42.0795 42.2590 42.4386 42.6181 42.7977 42.9772 43.1568

.8700 1 42.0033 42.1828 42.3623 42.5419 42.7214 42.9010 43.0805

.8800 I 41.9287 42.1083 42.2878 42.4674 42.6469 42.8265 43.0060

.8900 I 41.8559 42.0355 42.2150 42.3945 42.5741 42.7536 42.9332

38
T^ble 7 (continued)

JP-5

Q' /(MJ/kg)

D/Cg/cm3

) A/(°C)

I

I 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

I

I .6500 I 44.4753 44.6198 44.7644 44.9089 45.0534 45-1979 45.3425

.6600 I 44.3317 44.4762 44.6207 44.7653 44.9098 45.0543 45.1988

.6700 I 44.1924 44.3369 44.4814 44.6259 44.7705 44.9150 45.0595

.6800 I 44.0571 44.2017 44.3462 44.4907 44.6352 44.7798 44.9243

.6900 I 43.9258 44.0703 44.2149 44.3594 44.5039 44.6484 44.7930

I .7000 I 43.7983 43.9428 44.0873 44.2318 44.3764 44.5209 44.6654

.7100 I 43.6743 43.8188 43.9633 44.1079 44.2524 44.3969 44.5414

.7200 I 43.5538 43.6983 43.8428 43.9873 44.1319 44.2764 44.4209

.7300 I 43.4365 43.5811 43.7256 43.8701 44.0147 44.1592 44.3037

.7400 I 43.3225 43.4670 43.6115 43.7561 43.9006 44.0451 44.1897

I .7500 I 43.2115 43.3560 43.5005 43.6451 43.7896 43.9341 44.0786

.7600 I 43.1034 43.2479 43.3924 43.5370 43.6815 43.8260 43.9706

.7700 I 42.9981 43.1426 43.2872 43.4317 43.5762 43.7207 43.8653

.7800 I 42.8955 43.0401. 43.1846 43.3291 43.4736 43.6182 43.7627

.7900 I 42.7955 42.9401 43.0846 43.2291 43.3736 43.5182 43.6627

I .8000 I 42.6981 42.8426 42.9871 43.1316 43.2762 43.4207 43.5652

.8100 I 42.6030 42.7475 42.8920 43.0366 43.1811 43.3256 43.4701

.8200 I 42.5102 42.6547 42.7993 42.9438 43.0883 43.2328 43.3774

.8300 I 42.4197 42.5642 42.7087 42.8533 42.9978 43.1423 43.2869

.8400 I 42.3313 42.4758 42.6204 42.7649 42.9094 43.0540 43.1985

I .8500 I 42.2450 42.3896 42.5341 42.6786 42.3231 42.9677 43.1122

.8600 I 42.1607 42.3053 42.4493 42.5943 42.7339 42.8834 43.0279

.8700 I 42.0784 42.2229 42.3675 42.5120 42.6565 42.8010 42.9456

.8800 I 41.9979 42.1425 42.2870 42.4315 42.5760 42.7206 42.8651

.8900 I 41.9193 42.0638 42.2033 42.3523 42.4974 42.6419 42.7864

39
Table 7 (continued)

KEROSINE

Q' /<MJ/kg>

D/<g/cm3

) A/(°C)

I -

I 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

I

I .6500 I 44.1666 44.3560 44.5454 44.7348 44.9241 45.1135 45.3029

.6600 I 44.0356 44.2250 44.4144 44.6037 44.7931 44.9825 45.1719

.6700 I 43.9085 44.0979 44.2873 44.4766 44.6660 44.8554 45.0448

.6800 I 43.7851 43.9745 44.1639 44.3533 44.5426 44.7320 44.9214

.6900 I 43.6653 43.8547 44.0441 44.2335 44.4228 44.6122 44.8016

I .7000 I 43.5490 43.7383 43.9277 44.1171 44.3065 44.4958 44.6852

.7100 I 43.4359 43.6252 43.8146 44.0040 44.1934 44.3828 44.5721

.7200 I 43.3259 43.5153 43.7047 43.8940 44.0834 44.2728 44.4622

.7300 I 43.2190 43.4084 43.5977 43.7871 43.9765 44.1659 44.3552

.7400 I 43.1149 43.3043 43.4937 43.6831 43.8724 44.0618 44.2512

I .7500 I 43.0137 43.2030 43.3924 43.5818 43.7712 43.9605 44.1499

.7600 I 42.9150 43.1044 43.2938 43.4832 43.6725 43.8619 44.0513

.7700 I 42.8190 43.0084 43.1977 43.3871 43.5765 43.7659 43.9552

.7800 I 42.7254 42.9148 43.1042 43.2935 43.4829 43.6723 43.8617

.7900 I 42.6342 42.8236 43.0129 43.2023 43.3917 43.5811 43.7704

I .8000 I 42.5453 42.7346 42.9240 43.1134 43.3028 43.4921 43.6815

.8100 I 42.4585 42.6479 42.8373 43.0266 43.2160 43.4054 43.5948

.8200 I 42.3739 42.5633 42,7526 42.9420 43.1314 43.3208 -43.5101

.8300 I 42.2913 42.4807 42.6701 42.8594 43.0488 43.2382 43.4276

.8400 I 42.2107 42.4001 42.5894 42.7788 42.9682 43.1576 43.3469

I .8500 I 42.1320 42.3213 42.5107 42.7001 42.8895 43.0788 43.2682

.8600 I 42.0551 42.2444 42.4338 42.6232 42.8126 43.0019 43.1913

.8700 I 41.9799 42.1693 42.3587 42.5481 42.7374 42.9268 43.1162

.8800 I 41.9065 42.0959 42.2853 42.4747 42.6640 42.8534 43.0428

.8900 I 41.8348 42.0241 42.2135 42.4029 42.5923 42.7816 42.9710

40
TABLE 8. QUADRATIC EAUATION

Q'=B(0)+B(1 >*A+B<2>*( 1/D)+B(3>*A*C 1 /D> +BC4 > *At 2+B< 5 >*

J/Dt2)

UNITS OF A ARE °C

.

UNITS OF D ARE g/cm3

. FOR Q' IN Btu/lb USE *B PARAMETERS

FOR Q* IN MJ/kg USE C PARAMETERS.

FUEL! ALL

N = 267

PARAMETERS

B( > 9870.73

B( 1 ) -5.44218

B( 2 ) 11453.4

B( 3 ) 14.0247

B< 4 > -2.87627E-2

B( 5 > -3962.87

C< ) 22.9596

C( I > -1 .26587E-2

C( 2 ) 26.6409

c< 3 ) .032622

cc 4 ) -6.69030E-5

C( 5 ) -9.21776

STD DEV

665.628

3.55698

1062.05

2.7534

1.45368E-2

436.038

1.54827

8.27364E-3

2.47036

6.40448E-3

3.38131E-5

1.01424

STD DEV= 25.3839 Btu/lb = 5.90437E-2 MJ/kg

MAX DEV= 88.841 .206647

41
TABLE 9. NET ENTHALPY 0F C0M9USTI0N

FUEL: ALL

Q' /CBt 11/ lb)

0/(g/cm3

) A/C °C>

[ 20 30 40 50 60 70 30

.6500 ] . 18423.0 18569. 9 137 1 1 . 1 13346.6 13976. 3 19 100.2 19213. A .6600 1 [ 18431.5 1 8 57 5 . 2 137 13. 1 13345.3 1897 1. 3 19 09 2.

4

19207. A .6700 1 [ 18435.7 1 8 57 6 . 2 137 1 1 .0 133 40.0 18963. 3 19 080.8 19192. 5

.6300 I [ 18435.9 18 573. 3 187 05.0 18331.0 18951. 1 19065.6 19174. 3 .69 00 ][ 18432.4 13566. 9 18695.6 133 18.

5

18935. 7 19047.2 19152. 3

.7 000 1 . 18425.6 13557. 1 13682.9 183 03.0 13917. 3 19 025.3 19 123- 6

.7100 1 t 18415.7 18544. 4 18667 .4 13784.6 18396. 1 19001 .3 19101. 3

.7200 1 [ 13403.0 18529. 136 49.2 18763.7 18372. 5 18975.4 19072. 6

.7300 1 [ 18337.8 1351 1

.

1 18623.7 18740.5 18346. 5 18946.3 19041. 4 .7 400 1 [ 18370.2 18490. 9 18605.9 137 15. 1 18 3 13. 6 18916.3 19003. 2

.7 500 1 [ 18350.5 18463. 7 18531 . 1 18687.3 13783. 7 18333.9 18973. 3

.7600 ] [ 13323.8 13444. 5 13554.5 186 53.7 187 57. 2 13849.9 18936. 9

.7700 ] [ 18305.3 13 413- 7 18526.2 186 23.

1

13724. 2 13314.5 18399. 1 .7800 ] [ 18280.2 1839 1

.

2 18496.5 18596.0 13639. 7 13777.7 13360.

.7900 1 [ 18253.7 18362. 4 18 46 5.

4

18562.6 13654. 1 18739.3 13319. 7

.8000 [ 13225.3 13332. 3 18433.0 18 523.0 18617 . 3 13700.3 18773. 5

.8100 1 [ 18196.6 18301. 18399.6 18492. 4 18579. 5 13660.8 13736. 4 .3200 [ 18166.4 13268- 6 18365. 1 13455.3 18540. 8 13620.0 18693. 5

.8300 1 [ 18135.1 18235. 3 18 329.7 13418.4 13 501. 3 18573.

5

13649. 9

•8400 ] t 18103.0 18201

.

1 18 293.6 18330.2 18461. 1 13536.3 13605. 6

.8500 ] [ 18 070.0 18 166. 2 13256.7 18341.3 18420. 3 18493.5 13560. 9

.8600 ] [ 18036.3 18130- 6 18219. 1 18301 .9 18 378. 9 18450.2 18515. 7 .87 00 j [ 18002.0 13094. 4 18131.0 18261.9 13337. 18 406.4 18 470. 1 .8800 ] [ 17967.0 13057. 6 13 142.

4

18221.5 18294. 3 13362.3 18424. 1 .8900 ] [ 17931.5 18020. 3 18103.3 18180.6 18252. 1 18317.9 18377. 9

42
TABLE 10 iMET ENTHALPY OF COMBUSTION

FUEL: ALL

Q' /(MJ/kg)

D/<g/cm3

) A/(°C)

I

I 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

!___

I .6500 I 42.8522 43.1941 43.5225 43.8376 44.1393 44.4276 44.7026

.6600 I 42.8721 43.2064 43.5272 43.8347 44.1288 44.4095 44.6768

.6700 I 42.8819 43.2087 43.5222 43.8223 44.1090 44.3824 44.6423

.6800 I 42.8823 43.2020 43.5083 43.8013 44.0808 44.3470 44.5998

.6900 I 42.8743 43.1870 43.4864 43.7723 44.0449 44.3042 44.5500

I .7000 I 42.8584 43.1644 43.4570 43.7362 44.0021 44.2545 44.4936

.7100 I 42.8354 43.1348 43.4209 43.6935 43.9528 44.1987 44.4313

.7200 I 42.8059 43.0990 43.3786 43.6449 43.8978 44.1373 44.3635

.7300 I 42.7704 43.0573 43.3307 43.5908 43.8375 44.0708 44.2908

.7400 I 42.7295 43.0103 43.2778 43.5318 43.7725 43.9997 44.2136

I .7500 I 42.6837 42.9586 43.2201 43.4683 43.7031 43.9245 44.1325

.7600 I 42.6332 42.9024 43.1582 43.4007 43.6297 43.8454 44.0477

.7700 I 42.5787 42.8423 43.0925 43.3294 43.5529 43.7630 43.9597

.7800 I 42.5203 42.7785 43.0233 43.2547 43.4728 43.6775 43.8687

.7900 I 42.4585 42.7114 42.9509 43.1771 43.3898 43.5892 43.7752

I .8000 I 42.3936 42.6413 42.8757 43.0967 43.3043 43.4985 43.6793

.8100 I 42.3258 42.5685 42.7978 43.0138 43.2163 43.4055 43.5813

.8200 I 42.2555 42.4933 42.7177 42.9287 43.1264 43.3106 43.4815

.8300 I 42.1828 42.4158 42.6354 42.8417 43.0345 43.2140 43.3801

.8400 I 42.1080 42.3363 42.5513 42.7528 42.9410 43.1158 43.2772

I .8500 I 42.0313 42.2551 42.4655 42.6624 42.8460 43.0163 43.1731

.8600 I 41.9529 42.1722 42.3781 42.5707 42.7498 42.9156 43.0680

.8700 I 41.8730 42.0879 42.2895 42.4777 42.6524 42.8138 42.9619

.8800 I 41.7917 42.0024 42.1997 42.3836 42.5541 42.7112 42.8550

.8900 I 41.7092 41.9157 42.1088 42.2886 42.4549 42.6079 42.7475

43
Values of Q(C) have been calculated by eqn. (21) for each of the

observed fuel samples and compared with the observed value, Q(0)

.

Table 11 gives the results of this comparison. Columns 2 and 3 give th

values of Q(0) and Q(C). Column 4 gives the deviation, DEV = Q(0) -

Q(C). Column 5 gives the estimate of the standard deviation of the

calculated value, SD(Q(C)). Column 6 gives the standardized deviation,

STZD, which is the deviation measured in units of its standard

deviation.

STZD = DEV/SD(DEV)

SD(DEV) = ((SD(Q(0)))

2

+ (SD(Q(C)))

2

) 1/2

Figures 1 through 5 show deviation plots where the ordinates are

the standardized deviations shown in column 6 of table 12 plotted

against abscissas of the variables A, D, S, Q, and NO.

44
TABLE 11. NET ENTHALPY OF COMBUSTION, COMPARISON OF

OBSERVED AND CALCULATED VALUES.

EQN: Q=B(0)+B<

1

)*A+B(2)*( 1 /D)+B(3 )*A*D+B(4)*At 2 + BC5 ) * (

t

/Dt2)+B(6)*S

UNITS OF A ARE °C

UNITS OF D ARE g/cm3

. FOR Q IN Btu/lb USE B PARAMETERS.

FOR Q IN MJ/kg USE C PARAMETERS.

UNITS OF Q IN THE TABLE ARE Btu/ lb.

N= 267

SS = 168173.

V= 644. 341

PARAMETERS STD DEV

B( ) 9870.73 665.628

B< 1 ) -5.44217 3.55698

B( 2 ) 1 1453.4 1062.05

B< 3 > 14.0247 2.7534

B( 4 ) -2.87 627E-2 1 .45368E-2

B< 5 ) -3962.87 436.038

BC 6 > -50 20

CC ) 22.9596 1.54827

C( 1 ) -1.26587E-2 8.27364E-3

C< 2 > 26.6409 2.47036

C< 3 ) .032622 6.40448E-3

CC 4 ) -6.69030E-5 3.38131E-5

C( 5 ) -9.21776 1 .01424

C( 6 ) -.1 163 .0465

STD DEV 25.3839 Btu/ lb = 5.90437E-2 MJ/ kg

MAX DEV 88.841 .206647 AT PT 248

45
Table 11 (continued)

FUEL: AV. GAS 100/130, 115/145

MEAN DEV - -11. RMS DEV = 28.4

NO QCO) Q(C) DEV SD(Q(C>> STZD

1 19046.7 19039.2 7.5 4.9 .3

2 18686.6 18735.4 -48.8 2.9 -1 .9

3 19057.3 19028.0 29.3 4.8 1 .1

4 19051 .6 19075.7 -24.1 6.2 -.9

5 18754.9 187 57.5 -2.6 3.4 -. 1 6 18808.5 18807.0 1.5 3.5 . 1 7 18773.7 18760.7 13.0 3. 1 .5

8 19089.7 19080.3 9.4 6.2 .4

9 19050.3 19057.9 -7.6 5.5 -.3

10 19099.2 19039.3 9.9 6.7 .4

11 18934.7 18967.1 -32.4 3.4 -1.3

12 18875.7 18930.4 -54.7 3.0 -2.1

13 18994.0 18983.8 10.2 3.6 .4

14 19049.9 19031.4 18.5 4.7 .7

15 19054.9 19019.1 35.8 4.4 1 .4

16 18872.8 18924.

1

-51.3 3.0 -2.0

17 18888.3 18935.9 -47.6 3.1 -1.9

18 18907.9 18917.2 -9.3 3.1 -.4

19 19030.0 19000.6 29.4 3.9 1 . 1 20 18925.7 18931 .0 -5.3 3.2 -.2

21 19086.9 19059.2 27.7 5.6 1 . 1 22 19094.0 19075.5 18.5 6.2 .7

23 18897.6 18936.7 -39.1 3.2 -1.5

24 18935.4 18960.2 -24.8 3.3 -1 .0

25 18923.1 18963.7 -40.6 3.7 -1 .6

26 18988.6 18982.2 6.4 3.7 .3

27 18935.0 18965.6 -30.6 3.4 -1 .2

28 19019.4 1901 1.8 7.6 4.4 .3

29 18889.7 18926.6 -36.9 3.2 -1 .4

30 18916.0 18937.3 -21 .3 3.2 -.8

31 18918.9 18963.6 -44.7 3.4 -1 .7

32 18925.

1

18962.9 -37.8 3.4 -1 .5

33 18731 .6 18755.6 -24.0 3.8 -.9

34 1 9 07 5 . 5 19057.8 17.7 5.8 .7

35 18679.2 18733.5 -54.3 3.9 -2.1

36 19068.6 19055.0 13.6 5.8 .5

37 19043.3 19062.4 -19.1 5.6 -.7

38 18954.6 18978.8 -24.2 3.5 -.9

39 18960.5 18962.2 -1.7 3.4 -. 1 40 19002.5 19008.0 -5.5 4. 1 -.2

46
Table 11 (continued)

FUEL: ANF-58..ANF-28 (JP-3)

MEAN DEV = 2.1 RMS nEV = 28.3

NO QCO) Q(C) DEV SDCQ(O) STZD

41 18532.0 18562.6 -30.6 3.6 -1 .2

42 18823.0 18801.8 21 .2 3.7 .8

43 18548.0 18621.9 -73.9 3.5 -2.9

44 18594.0 18607.6 -13.6 3.6 -.5

45 18376.0 18433.2 -57.2 5.2 -2.2

46 18858.0 18836.3 21 .7 3.2 .8

47 18772.0 18806.0 -34.0 3.2 -1 .3

48 18828.0 18790.3 37.7 3.2 1 .5

49 18578.0 18533.3 44.7 3.8 1 .7

50 18386.0 18407.0 -21 .0 5.5 -.8

5! 18571 .0 18600.4 -29.4 3.6 -1.1

52 18536.0 18555.1 -19.1 3.6 -.7

53 18680.0 18661 .9 18.1 3.6 .7

54 18493.0 18489.8 3.2 4.5 .1

55 18570.0 18559.4 10.6 3.6 .4

56 18772.0 18766.6 5.4 3.8 .2

57 18400.0 18368.3 31.7 11 .8 1 .1

58 18758.0 18779.0 -21 .0 3.7 -.8

59 18607.0 18556.5 50.5 3.8 2.0

60 18399.0 18390.4 8.6 4.8 .3

61 18790.0 18777.5 12.5 3.8 .5

62 18605.0 18605.5 -.5 3.6 -0.0

63 18683.0 18743.1 -60. 1 3.7 -2.3

64 18369.0 18421 .

1

-52. 1 7.9 -2.0

65 18681 .0 18701 .8 -20.8 3.6 -.8

66 1 87 1 7 . 18692.4 24.6 3.3 1 .0

67 18778.0 18737.4 40.6 3.3 1 .6

68 18397.0 18407.

1

-10. 1 6.8 -.4

69 18398.0 18403.7 -5.7 7. 1 -.2

70 18543.0 18606.1 -63.1 3.3 -2.5

71 19014.0 18997.4 16.6 5.3 .6

72 18230.0 18269.7 -39.7 9.5 -I .5

73 18771.0 18758.0 13.0 3.3 .5

74 18863.0 18866.7 -3.7 3.0 -.1

75 18802.0 18775.9 26. 1 3.2 1 .0

76 18963.0 18934.6 28.4 3. 1 1 .1

77 18876.0 18849. 1 26.9 2.8 1 . 1 78 18736.0 18728.3 7.7 2.8 .3

79 18608.0 18642.2 -34.2 3.8 -1 .3

80 18888.0 18846. 1 41 .9 3.6 1.6

81 18832.0 18796.0 36.0 3.0 1 .4

82 18854.0 18840.0 14.0 3.0 .5

83 18841.0 18796.5 44.5 3.3 1 .7

84 18829.0 18836.0 -7.0 3.5 -.3

85 1881 1.0 18800.5 10.5 3.1 .4

86 18850.0 18810.7 39.3 2.8 1 .5

87 18717.0 18748.3 -31.3 3.4 -1.2

47
Table 11 (continued)

88 18704.0 18707.7 -3.7 3.5 -. 1 89 18830.0 18789.3 40.7 2.8 1 .6

90 18941.0 18910.4 30.6 3.0 1 .2

91 18803.0 18792.

1

10.9 2.8 .4

92 18788.0 18730.3 57.7 2.9 2.3

93 18813.0 18793.4 19.6 2.9 .8

94 18729.0 187 37.3 -8.3 3.2 -.3

95 18674.0 187 14.6 -40.6 3.5 -1 .6

96 18709.0 18745.4 -36.4 2.9 -1 .4

97 18794.0 18753.

1

40.9 3.2 1 .6

98 18760.0 1 87 5 1 .

4

8.6 3.2 .3

99 18667.0 18681 .

1

-14. 1 3.3 -.6

1 00 187 64.0 18787.

1

-23.1 2.8 -.9

101 18708.0 18718.4 -10.4 2.9 -.4

102 18920.0 18897.0 23.0 3.3 .9

1 03 18558.0 18595.8 -37.8 4.7 -1 .5

104 18690.0 18682.0 8.0 3.8 .3

105 18660.0 187 14.

1

-54. 1 3.4 -2.1

106 18693.0 18676.8 16.2 4.5 .6

107 18817.0 18814.6 2.4 3. 1 .1

108 18720.0 18726.8 -6.8 3.2 -.3

109 18762.0 187 47.5 14.5 3.2 .6

1 10 18735.0 18746.8 -11 .8 3.1 -.5

1 11 18587.0 18585.6 1.4 5.5 .1

1 12 18748.0 18751.0 -3.0 2.9 -. 1

1 13 18832.0 18827.8 4.2 3.0 .2

1 14 18739.0 18718.9 20. 1 3.5 .8

1 15 18667.0 18656.8 10.2 3.7 .4

1 16 18815.0 18801 .4 13.6 3.3 .5

1 17 18710.0 18696.2 13.8 3.7 .5

1 18 18828.0 18796.8 31 .2 3.0 1 .2

1 19 18671.0 18665.5 5.5 3.5 .2

120 18654.0 18664.4 -10.4 3.9 -.4

121 18663.0 18657.8 5.2 3.6 .2

122 18637.0 18621.3 15.7 4.4 .6

123 1876 1 .0 18762.7 -1 .7 3.2 -.1

124 18652.0 18647.1 4.9 4.0 .2

125 18683.0 18684.6 -1 .6 3.9 -. 1 126 18670.0 18673.5 -3.5 3.9 -. 1 127 18674.0 18678.9 -4.9 3.8 -.2

128 18685.0 18631 .4 53.6 4.4 2.1

129 18597.0 18598.7 -1.7 5.6 -.1

48
Table 11 (continued)

FUEL: JP-4

MEAN DEV = 15.4 RMS DEV = 2 1.3

NO Q(0) QCC) DEV SDCQCO) STZD

130 18727.0 18706.4 20.6 3.7 .8

131 18538.0 18556.8 -18.8 3.2 -.7

132 18683.0 18661.8 21.2 3.6 .8

133 18721.0 18701.6 19.4 3.8 .8

134 18766.0 18732.9 33.1 3.8 1.3

.35 18760.0 18736.3 23.7 3.8 .9

136 18635.0 18633.8 1.2 3.6 0.0

137 18544.0 18497.5 46.5 4.2 1.8

138 18550.0 18549.2 .8 3.2 0.0

139 18516.0 18497.3 18.7 3.8 .7

140 18471.0 18464.6 6.4 3.5 .2

141 18598.0 18566.0 32.0 3.5 1.3

142 18707.0 18687.5 19.5 3.7 .8

143 18696.0 18695.3 .7 3.8 0.0

144 18602.0 18586.6 15.4 3.6 .6

145 18468.0 18454.0 14.0 4.3 .5

146 18547.0 18538.7 8.3 3.7 .3

FUEL: JP-5

MEAN DEV * -7. RMS DEV = 30.1

NO QCO) QCC) DEV SDCQ(O) STZD

147 1837 7.0 18349.0 28.0 6.5 1 . 1 148 18579.0 18595.6 -16.6 2.3 -.7

149 18288.0 18355.4 -67.4 6.2 -2.6

150 18572.0 18611.0 -39.0 2.3 -1.5

151 18393.0 18360.9 32. 1 5.5 1 .2

1 52 18300.0 18298.4 1 .6 8. 1 . 1 153 18469.0 18486.3 -17.3 3.7 -.7

154 18430.0 1 8420.4 9.6 4.5 .4

1 55 18365.0 18384.6 -19.6 4.7 -.8

1 56 18341 .0 18312.2 28.8 7.9 1 . 1 157 18595.0 18608.3 -13.3 2.6 -.5

49
Table 11 (continued)

FUEL: KEROSINE

MEAM DEV .5 RMS DEV = 2 0.7

NO Q(0) QCC) DEV SDCQCO) STZD

1 58 18640.0 18685.2 -45.2 3.6 -1.8

1 59 1861 1 .0 18614.4 -3.4 2.3 -.1

160 18575.0 18577.1 -2.1 2.7 -. 1 161 18574.0 18587.2 -13.2 3.5 -.5

162 18557.0 18592.3 -35.3 2.9 -1.4

163 18639.0 18634.1 4.9 2.4 .2

164 18461 .0 18484.3 -23.3 3.4 -.9

165 18441.0 18427.

1

13.9 3.7 .5

166 18621.0 18623.5 -2.5 2.6 -. 1 167 18639.0 18658.3 -19.3 3.5 -.8

168 18662.0 18636.3 25.7 2.9 1 .0

169 18700.0 18684.7 15.3 4.4 .6

170 18679.0 18654.0 25.0 3.3 1 .0

171 18720.0 18699.1 20.9 4.7 .8

172 18606.0 18628.8 -22.8 2.4 -.9

173 18646.0 18650.0 -4.0 2.4 -.2

174 18610.0 18604.3 5.7 2.6 .2

175 18679.0 18665.8 13.2 3. 1 .5

176 18624.0 18625.1 -1.1 2.3 -0.0

177 18605.0 18623.2 -18.2 2.5 -.7

178 18589.0 18606.4 -17 .4 2.4 -.7

179 18590.0 18595.0 -5.0 2.3 -.2

180 18614.0 18644.9 -30.9 2.4 -1.2

181 18658.0 18677.

1

-19. 1 2.6 -.7

1 82 18609.0 18606.6 2.4 2.6 . 1

1 83 18627.0 18653.4 -26.4 2.5 -1 .0

1 84 18662.0 18682.5 -20.5 2.7 -.8

1 85 187 1 1 .0 18695.8 15.2 3.2 .6

186 18781.0 18765.4 15.6 4.9 .6

187 18724.0 18713.6 10.4 4.8 .4

188 18783.0 18816.2 -33.2 4.0 -1 .3

1 89 18635.0 18636.5 -1 .5 2.4 -. 1 190 18635.0 18627.5 7 .5 2.5 .3

191 18625.0 18631 .9 -6.9 2.3 -.3

192 18588.0 18596.8 -8.8 2.5 -.3

193 18655.0 18646.9 8.1 2.6 .3

1 94 18578.0 18575.3 2.7 2.4 .1

195 18624.0 18626.3 -2.3 2.5 -.1

196 18575.0 18574.6 .4 2.6 0.0

197 18663.0 18656.7 6.3 3.1 • 2

50
Table 11 (continued)

198 18655.0 18636.5 18.5 2.3 .7

199 18782.0 18750.6 31 .4 5.4 1 .2

200 18546.0 18560.6 -14.6 2.4 -.6

201 18550.0 18556.2 -6.2 2.7 -.2

202 18479.0 18456.7 22.3 3.8 .9

2 03 18623.0 18568.0 55.0 3.5 2. 1 2 04 18465.0 18465.5 -.5 3.5 -0.0

205 18670.0 18652.4 17.6 3.6 .7

206 18566.0 18589.2 -23.2 2.5 -.9

2 07 18608.0 18608.6 -.6 2.3 -0.0

208 18624.0 18625.1 -1.1 2.3 -0.0

209 18691 .0 18681 .6 9.4 3.9 .4

210 18618.0 18623.2 -5.2 2.3 -.2

2 1 1 18580.0 18577.9 2.1 2.5 . 1 212 18445.0 18420.9 24. 1 4.3 .9

213 18628.0 18622.8 5.2 2.3 .2

2 14 18563.0 18566.0 -3.0 2.5 -. 1 215 18619.0 18614.3 4.7 2.3 .2

216 18500.0 18566.3 -66.3 2.5 -2.6

2 17 18582.0 18588.7 -6.7 2.3 -.3

218 18410.0 18374.0 36.0 5.3 1 .4

219 18472.0 18479.0 -7.0 3.5 -.3

220 18606.0 18602.0 4.0 2.3 .2

221 18523.0 18547.6 -24.6 3.6 -1 .0

222 18766.0 18789.9 -23.9 4.2 -.9

223 18808.0 18813.9 -5.9 4.2 -.2

224 18561.0 18544.5 16.5 2 .6 .6

225 18388.0 18385.7 2.3 4.8 . 1 226 18621 .0 18612.0 9.0 2.3 .4

227 18548.0 18 543 .4 4.6 2.6 .2

228 18621.0 18591 .4 29.6 2.3 1 .2

229 18603.0 18598.5 4.5 2.3 .2

230 18584.0 18614.3 -30.3 2.5 -1 .2

231 18620.0 18637.8 -17.8 2.4 -.7

232 18617.0 18627 .2 -10.2 2.3 -.4

51
Table 11 (continued)

233 18610.0 18609.2 .8 2.3 0.0

234 18647.0 18653.7 -6.7 2.4 -.3

235 18660.0 18638.7 21 .3 2.3 .8

236 18593.0 18610.6 -17.6 2.3 -.7

237 18604.0 18606.9 -2.9 2.4 -. 1 238 18609.0 18603.3 5.7 2.4 .2

239 18486.0 18503.6 -17.6 3.1 -.7

240 18590.0 18603.5 -13.5 2.3 -.5

241 18621.0 18628.8 -7.8 2.5 -.3

242 18581 .0 18566.3 14.7 2.5 .6

243 18725.0 18705.3 19.7 4.7 .8

244 18640.0 18643.7 -3.7 3.1 -.1

245 18638.0 18649.

1

-1 I . 1 2.5 -.4

246 18686.0 18663.8 22.2 2.7 .9

2 47 18668.0 18654.0 14.0 3.1 .5

248 1851 1 .0 18422.2 88.8 4.3 3.5

249 187 03.0 18697.0 6.0 3.3 .2

2 50 18547.0 18546.2 .8 2.5 0.0

251 18619.0 18636.8 -17 .8 2.6 -.7

252 18795.0 1877 1 .2 23.8 3.5 .9

253 18861 .0 18857.8 3.2 7.2 . 1 254 18716.0 18691 .4 24.6 3.5 1 .0

255 18477.0 18486.3 -9.3 3.0 - .4

2 56 18566.0 18585.9 -19.9 2.4 -.8

2 57 18652.0 18666.9 -14.9 2.5 -.6

258 18685.0 187 17.2 -32.2 3.3 -1.3

259 18618.0 18625. 1 -7.1 2.3 -.3

260 18484.0 18477 .3 6.7 3.3 .3

261 18370.0 18366.5 3.5 5.2 . 1 262 18666.0 18644.5 21.5 4. 1 .8

263 18709.0 18687.7 21.3 3.7 .8

264 18732.0 18686.4 45.6 3.7 1.8

265 18674.0 18673.8 .2 2.9 0.0

266 18600.0 18619. 1 -19. 1 2.3 -.7

2 67 18691.0 18659.4 31 .6 3.5 1 .2

52
4. Summary

Data from accurate measurements of the net heat of combustion of

aviation fuels had been previously correlated with their anilinegravity product and sulfur content. Correlating equations had been derived

for each of five classes of fuel: A: Avgas 100/130 and 115/145; B:

Avgas ANF-28 and ANF-58 (JP-3) ; C: JP-4 ; D: JP-5; E: Kerosine.

New correlating equations which are linear in each of the variables

3 aniline point in °C, reciprocal of density in g/cm and sulfur mass

percent have been obtained by a recorrelation of the same data. These

new equations are shown in tables 4 and 5 and fit the observed values

at least as well as the previous aniline point-gravity product

equations.

An equation, quadratic in aniline point and reciprocal density,

has been found to fit all the data with a standard deviation of 25.4

BTU/lb = 0.05904 MJ/kg. Thus this equation can be used to predict the

net heat of combustion of fuels in the classes considered to within

50 Btu/lb or 0.11808 MJ/kg at a 95% confidence level.

53
References

[1] Armstrong, G. T., Jessup, R. S. and Mears, T. W. , Ind. Eng.

Chem. , Eng. Data Series J3, 20 (1958).

[2] Jessup, R. S. and Cragoe, C. S., NACA Tech. Note No. 996 (1945).

[3] Rothberg, S. and Jessup, R. S., Ind. Eng. Chem. 43, 981 (1951).

[4] Jessup, R. S. and Cogliano, J. A., AS TM Bull. No. 201, 55 (1954).

[5] Armstrong, G. T., Fano, L. , Jessup, R. S., Marantz, S., Mears,

T. W. and Walker, J. A., J. Chem. Eng. Data 7_, 107 (1962).

[6] Bert, J. A. and Painter, L. J., Chevron Research Company

Report, January 12, 1973.

[7] Coordinating Research Council Report No. LD-132, September 1,

1963.

[8] Foster-Pegg, R. S., Dynetic Systems, Inc., Report "Correlation

of Heats of Combustion and Gravities of Fuel Oils", September 1971.

[9] Lovejoy, S. W., Long Island Lighting Co., Report "Estimation

of Heating Value of Fuel Oils versus API and Sulphur", September

1971.

[10] Gas Turbine World, 21, October-November (1972).

[11] ASTM Standard on Petroleum Products and Lubricants, Vol. I,

39th Edition Appendix XII, 1247-1259 (1962).

[12] "Petroleum Measurement Tables", "ASTM D1250, IP200, ASAZ11.83",

ASTM (1952)

.

54
Legend for figures:

^ Gasoline 100/130

V Gasoline 115/145

<] ANF-58

[> ANF-28

JP-4

JP-5

C2) Kerosine

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60 * U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1977 —240-848/83
NBS-114A (REV. 7-73)

U.S. DEPT. OF COMM. BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA

SHEET

1. PUBLICATION OR REPORT NO. NBS TN-937

2. Gov't Accession

No.

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Estimation of Net Enthalpies of Combustion of Some

Aviation Fuels Expressed in the International System

of Units (SI)

7. AUTHOR(S)

Ralph L. Nuttall and George T. Armstrong

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20234

12. Sponsoring Organization Name and Complete Address (Street, City, State, ZIP)

Same as 9.

3. Recipient's Accession No.

5. Publication Date April 1977

6. Performing Organization Code

8. Performing Organ. Report No.

10. Project/Task/Work Unit No.

11. Contract/Grant No.

13. Type of Report & Period Covered Final

15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

14. Sponsoring Agency Code

16. ABSTRACT (A 200-word or less {actual summary ot most significant information. If document includes a significant

bibliography or literature survey, mention it here.) A new correlation has been made of the net enthalpy of combustion of some aviation

fuels with their aniline point, density, and sulfur content. Previous correlations

gave a set of five equations relating the enthalpy of combustion to the aniline

point gravity product for five classes of fuels ranging from aviation gasoline to

kerosine. These equations were in non-SI units.

The correlation reported here gives similar sets of equations using SI units and

also gives a single equation which can be used to adequately predict the net enthalpy

of combustion of all five classes of fuels from measurements of aniline point, density

and sulfur content. This equation is:

Q = [B(0) + B(l) x A + B(2) x (1/D) + B(3) x (A/D) + B(4) x (A) + B(5) x (l/D) +

B(6) * S] MJ/kg,

-1

B(0) = 22.9596 MJ-kg

B(l) = -1.26587 x 10-2 MJ-kg-1 -^-1

B(2) = 26.6409 MJ-kg-1 ^"1 -cm3

B(3) = 0.032622 MJ'kg-1 ' ^"i-g^cm3

B(4) = -6.6903 x 10

-5

MJ-kg"

1 -°<

B(5) = -9.21776 MJ-kg-1 -g~ 2 -cm6

B(6) = 50. MJ-kg"1 -S" 1

-2

17. KEY WORDS (six to twelve entries; alphabetical order; capitalize only the first letter of the first key word unless a proper name; separated by semicolons)

pin^i^ne point; API gravity; aviation f uels ; enthalpy of

combustion; fuels; gasoline; gravity; heat content; heat of combustion; kerosine

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