Reference

AlllDl 72TE7S

IMBSIR 80-1964

Recommended Guidelines for

Safety Inspection of

Construction of Concrete

Cooling Towers

H. S. Lew

S. G. Fattai

B. J. Hunt

Structures and Materials Division

Center for Building Technology

National Engineering Laboratory

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, D.C. 20234

January 1980

Issued February 1 980

Prepared for Occupational Safety and Health

Administration

Department of Labor

^QC Washington, D.C. 20210

100

.U56

80-1964

1980

NBSIR 80-1964

< V « RECOMMENDED GUIDELINES FOR

SAFETY INSPECTION OF

CONSTRUCTION OF CONCRETE

COOLING TOWERS

KATIOKAX. BUMCA.tl OF eTAKDABOa

LIBRABT

NOV 2 4 1980

VO -

H. S. Lew

S. G. Fattal

B. J. Hunt

Structures and Materials Division

Center for Building Technology

National Engineering Laboratory

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, D.C. 20234

January 1980

Issued February 1 980

Prepared for Occupational Safety and Health

Administration

Department of Labor

Washington, D.C. 20210

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Philip M. Klutznick, Secretary

Luther H. Hodges, Jr., Deputy Secretary

Jordan J. Baruch, Assistant Secretary for Science and Technology

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Ernest Ambler, Director
jWLiJiiVyU - o

089 r I* s VO**

Jiv . L D j3GUi31‘vAMOOS«-

- •

:.'-C>!T'j ‘VTS^AE

O') T j t0O»TOL*'lT^tAOO

3 H ^ V. 0 c) VUJ 000

rftn

v^l*W«C

M rj'~ r iip'tu<tWH^

'.rideJ ’‘'C' 0 JU 0 ^ vOcTp- 'Hey*#-

.*^ *?’

\ra

1
ABSTRACT

As a result of a construction failure of a natural draft cooling tower

at Willow Island, West Virginia, the National Bureau of Standards (NBS)

reviewed existing Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

construction safety and health regulations and developed guidelines for use by the OSHA compliance officers for safety evaluation of reinforced

concrete shell cooling tower construction.

The guidelines furnished are based on existing OSHA regulations, but highlight their application to this type of construction by pointing out

critical construction operations, their related safety aspects, and needed

compliance inspection procedures. Major regulatory provisions affecting

the basic construction plans, safety aspects of design criteria and responsibilities, record keeping, and inspections are summarized. Special attention

is given to construction loadings, construction sequences, hoisting systems,

and personnel safety training.

Detailed identification is made of items relating to concrete inspection,

concrete control, formwork operations, construction loadings, hoisting

systems, and construction safety planning.

Key words: concrete; construction; cooling tower; formwork; hoisting system;

regulations; safety; standards.

iii
I ' ' ,'V j

' liM

tOAj:

T#«o j 7la»'fc . »-tA,,'i.^

t>.#4>a*0' Urn ,a^v*1^fc 'b»3^l3,t

gai33»i%« xoeivlvotfi} '^fl^3^&X,i>ga1^' JoisH'*’ *'tB%uib(mpt^

«i«HA<ya9^ bo* 1* sjooqe* Sy»j6«.,«!iM<J

atri3o©34a .b»miijft«su« »%» «itt?Jt:jr^bWl ba»;

,RoJ:3f^94i »3»»|?ji00 --. '?:)A^^, ', • V '. *nJ 2

*«£l3O-t0ri .jiteCMrihol ’ U' 'V4t

' ' ‘vS fiJ

i I 'ir'-

* . it a'

• -mr */*'

'^:i 2^?^

1

..^-

>« >,f.?

*

''

'•'^

ffi

,.1/3

l«

I"

k'

y>n

3a a:f

lU ,#!» w

»' VM^I1 ^..

::if'

* 1

M,

Wi kW;

,T ri f
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

ABSTRACT iii

1. INTRODUCTION 1

2. OBJECTIVE 2

3. COOLING TOWER CONSTRUCTION 2

4. SCOPE 2

5. APPROACH 3

6. PRECONSTRUCTION PLAN REVIEW 4

6.1 Basic Construction Plan Components 4

6.1.1 Design Loads for Construction 5 6.1.2 Design Calculations 5 6.1.3 Criteria for Form Removal and Imposition of

of Construction Loads 6

6.1.4 Establishment of Benchmarks 7

6.2 Personnel Training in Construction Operation 7

7. INSPECTION TASKS DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASES 7

7.1 Concrete 8

7.2 Formwork and Form Operations 8

7.3 Construction Loadings 8

7 .4 Structural Integrity 8

7.5 Hoisting Systems 9

7.6 Detailed Personal Safety Checks 10

8. MAINTAINING SAFETY RELATED RECORDS 10

APPENDIX A - COMPILATION OF PERTINENT EXCERPTS FROM OSHA

REGULATIONS A-1

iv
*•.' t

V a

• ;Mf:

•J!'- m 'ih EJtAT^'

•i“i 4*. . < • • f « • • . .*rv* . . 4 ^i*'*:* .».»»»• I V. , . t • . .«,«fK . • TDASTl

• ... li ^

- < ' ->1

'

r

f

s.

£

£

4

£

'f

15,;?

• _

• • • * «

*,*'•*«* *1 • 4 •

, . 4 ^V# WOrofJGOHTin :-\S' .... •"

::, '

... -• € , :.^7»

4 , .7. *': arm^swf<^-2^ • t ' , .. m. -‘:‘*ll V.'i

:

4

yiorrmjmx>'%mn (5i|jp<^ .

.

;

'> rr

'.

• r .

* % t • • siier^ .4^,

: -^ m ‘ ' h

iDAOjmA

4

' ’ 1

.’’

'• - r

' "'

W3nfT«W WAJS iJOlTOmSWODOT^tt ~

•3.^

,

; , «a»»n£»«>iK«) auin »a

:m

If'

‘ '’

T^\ nifcaoJ 1/

• .'4 -t|

3 sA^l0^ trjiieirtl' S.l.^>

lo noiaiecK?*! t»ri6 layonljl^ oltof

liiTM

'^* ^V I'i - . i 8l'Aoi‘-ro.t-i 3 irr 3 '»tio!> ',';^w

* ' ,«•. : . . ''^85^ . . JMkAI ji««i,'.

ooJtJ/;i8<rO noi:Joirtfi*«oD ©4^ ^n^tATtl ,

easAif? waTOTiJiTBfii^ijo wtj?tw mAT

'iWAl

............ 4 .. 4 ....«.•« f STrci^ 1»IW|’

«t8 ibAtKj aatniawO^-i t.' '.,

'', • \

... jiBlialoK W;

,4^. ... . aolb®rf9 X«o(iMrj8?'b»Xl*30(J

2gH<toJ!|[ aatAjai yratA8^o«in3CJ^XA«'^# ” ' AflKO i«5>^ 2T<WaOta tV13lfIT«3l tO JTdITUIlMOO - A > - 8t?oiTAJ(K>aai f « "‘'.a

t''®! • ' -fr :M

' 'v.i ' j" \:0- ' /.:v:.:^ _. •mim;^

•I
1 . INTRODUCTION

The construction of reinforced concrete structures in which the partiallycompleted structure plays a key role in supporting construction workers

and other construction loads presents special challenges to providing

a safe working environment. In recent years, many innovative concepts

to speed construction and minimize formwork have been introduced for the

construction of cooling towers. Many of these construction schemes rely

heavily on the strength of partially cured concrete to completely support

the working platforms, formwork and other construction equipment and loads.

Because partially completed concrete shell structures may be lacking in

resistance to unforeseen concentrated loadings, an accident which might

ordinarily be expected to cause relatively small damage could result

in a major collapse of the elements supporting the work surface.

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) currently enforces

existing construction safety regulations for general concrete construction.

These regulations as contained in existing Safety and Health Regulations

for Construction of OSHA"^ include important provisions for ensuring the

safety of workmen in concrete construction. In some types of concrete

construction the enforcement of these provisions requires considerable

engineering insight and judgement.

As a result of the natural draft cooling tower construction disaster at

Willow Island, West Virginia, April 27, 1978, the Center for Building

Technology of the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) has reviewed existing

construction safety and health regulations currently enforced by OSHA.

This report presents recommended guidelines for use by the OSHA compliance

officers for safety evaluation of reinforced concrete shell cooling tower

construction. These guidelines are based on the existing OSHA Construction

safety and Health Regulations, but highlight their application to reinforced

concrete shell cooling tower construction by pointing out critical construction operations, their safety aspects, and check procedures to determine

if safety regulations are being observed.

These guidelines emphasize those aspects of construction operations which

can most readily endanger a large number of workmen through disastrous

construction collaspes and are in addition to the more usual safety checks

to ensure the maintenance of a safe working environment for individual

workers. These guidelines suggest the use of OSHA specialists and

^

Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Standards, "Safety and Health

Regulations for Construction," (29 CFR Part 1926), Washington, D.C.

1
engineering consultants to assist the local compliance officers in

assessment if safety regulations are being observed.

2. OBJECTIVE

The objective of this report is to furnish OSHA compliance officers a guide to enforcement of current safety regulations as they apply to con- struction of reinforced concrete shell cooling towers. It specifically

is intended to alert the compliance officer to the need to evaluate the

critical safety elements of the overall construction scheme and to check

for compliance with existing regulations designed to guard against large

scale collapse during the construction process.

3. COOLING TOWER CONSTRUCTION

Construction techniques for large natural draft reinforced concrete thin

shell cooling towers have evolved rapidly in the last two decades. These

structures are usually a large tower with a diameter and wall thickness

that change over the height of the tower. This necessitates constant

adjustment of the forms and scaffolding to accomodate the geometric

changes. Frequently, complex patented form systems are used to provide

adjustments. In the early days of tower construction, support scaffolding

often extended from the ground to the level where concrete was being placed.

In more recent times, the forms and scaffolding have been suspended from

previously completed portions of the structure and travel up the structure

as construction continues. In some applications, free standing tower cranes are used to deliver materials to the construction level, while in other

systems, hoisting devices supported from the partially completed structure

are used. The concrete tower is usually cast in consecutive segments

which are concentric rings 1.3 to 2 m (4 to 6 ft) in height. Ordinarily,

a complete circular ring is cast in a single day. Several systems utilize

a 1-day sequence so that a new lift is cast each working day. These

construction methods place significant construction loads at very early

ages on partially matured, partially constructed structures. Some of these

systems also place very significant hoisting loads on the partially con- structed structure. These procedures must be carefully designed and

controlled to ensure a safe working environment.

4. SCOPE

The recommended guidelines presented in this report are divided into two

parts. The first part (Section 6 of this report) deals with items which

should be included in a safe construction plan. Items in this category

should be evaluated prior to initiation of major construction or soon after construction commences. The second category (Section 7) deals with

items which should be checked during inspections conducted after the cooling tower is in advanced stages of construction. In addition, building

code regijlations , that require the maintenance of safety inspection records

2
are presented in Section 8. Appendix A contains a compilation of pertinent

excerpts from the OSHA regulations.

All of the guidelines are based on the existing safety regulations of OSHA.

These include:

OSHA Standards

1. 29

2. 29

3. 29

4. 29

5. 29

6. 29

7. 29

CFR 1926.20 - General safety and health provisions.

CFR 1926.251 - Rigging equipment and material handling.

CFR 1926.451 - Scaffolding.

CFR 1926.550 - Cranes and derricks.

CFR 1926.552 - Material hoists, personnel hoists, and elevators.

CFR 1926.700 - General provisions for concrete, concrete forms

and shoring.

CFR 1926.701 - Forms and shoring.

Reference Standards

1. ANSI AlO. 5-1975 - Safety requirements for material hoists.

2. ANSI AlO. 8-1977 - Safety requirements for scaffolding.

3. AnSI AlO. 9-1970 - Safety requirements for concrete construction and

masonry work.

4. ASTM C31-69 - Standard method for making and curing concrete test

specimens in the field.

5. ASTM C39-72 - Standard test method for compressive strength of cylindrical concrete specimens.

Frequent references to specific regulations are provided and a compilation

of important provisions affecting construction of this type is provided

in Appendix A.

5 . APPROACH

For the construction of cooling towers, it is recommended that OSHA use a specialist-engineer/consultant to review the proposed construction plan

for conformance with OSHA regulations preferably prior to initiation of

major construction or soon after construction commences. If an OSHA

3
specialist is not available, the OSHA field office should engage the ser- vices of a consultant to assist in review of the plan. The complex engineering aspects of the partially completed structure and the erection

system indicate that any such consultant must be a registered engineer.

The specialist-engineer/consultant should brief the OSHA compliance

officers on the key elements of the construction plan and suggest inspection

techniques to check on these elements. The plan should contain specific

"bench marks" against which the OSHA compliance officer can check compliance

of critical tasks affecting the safety of the worker while construction

is in progress.

The approach for subsequent inspections by OSHA compliance officers should

be to first check the job site for overall conformance with the construction

plan and, in particular, for proper observance of the "bench marks". The

compliance officers will also have available to them detailed records of

critical operations which are required to be kept by building code regulations.

These can be checked to determine whether the "bench marks" are being regularly

observed between visits. After general safety is inspected to ensure that

the overall work surfaces are not in danger of collapse, then more routine

individual related safety checks can be carried out.

6. PRECONSTRUCTION PLAN REVIEW

The effectiveness of OSHA safety regulations in maintaining a safe working

environment during construction of cooling towers can be greatly improved

by reviewing the basic construction plan in advance of the construction

operations

.

6 . 1 Basic Construction Plan Component

The OSHA regulations require that the contractor have the responsibility

for providing a safe working environment for his workers [29 CFR 1926.20].

He is responsible that formwork is adequately designed, erected, supported,

braced and maintained so that the formwork together with the partially

completed structure will safely support all loadings including construction

loads. [29 CFR 1926.701(a)(1) and ANSI AlO. 9-6.1]. Since this general

type of construction clearly should be classified as complex formwork, the

formwork must be designed or approved for use by an engineer or experienced

form designer [ANSI AlO .9-6 .2 .2] . The formwork must be planned in every

particular and designed and constructed with an adequate factor of safety

[ANSI AlO .9-6 .2 . 1] . Thus, to comply with these regulations, the contractor

must have a comprehensive concrete construction plan with design, or approval

for use, by an engineer or experienced form designer acting in his behalf.

The basic construction plan should include, but not necessarily be limited

to, the following specific items:

4
3 • Design loads for construction.

b. Design calculations.

c. Criteria for form removal and imposition of construction loads.

d. Establishment of bench marks for each stage.

6.1.1 Design Loads for Construction.

The loads used for design of the formwork and scaffolding systems should

be clearly listed so that they can be checked readily when considering

the imposition of loads not foreseen in the design or the plan. The

loads considered in design should include:

1. Design loads of construction materials.

2. Dead loads of formwork and scaffolds.

3. Dead loads of hoisting systems.

4. Live loads for workers.

5. Live loads for hoisting systems plus impact.

6. Live loads for equipment plus impact.

7. Lateral loads for wind, cable tension, inclined support, impact of

concrete placement, starting and stopping of equipment.

When a partially completed and partially matured concrete shell structure

is to be subjected to construction loads, the regulations require that the

contractor must confirm that the shell is designed specifically to support

such loads and must acquire approval for the application of such loads

from the engineer/architect [29 CFR 1926.701(a)(4) and ANSI AlO .9-6 .3 .4]

.

6.1.2 Design Calculations

Design calculations for the formwork system, the hoisting system, and all

components shall be made available at the job site [ 29 CFR 1926.701(a)(2)].

These calculations may be used to assess compliance with regulations pertaining to construction safety. Included in these are the design of formwork,

scaffolding, and hoisting assemblies, minimum strength of concrete required

for different phases of construction operation and the design of any other

equipment or structural component used in the construction work.

5
For ease of reference, the design calculations for the formwork and scaffolding systems and other supporting elements should list critical items which

were considered in the design. These may include, but are not limited to,

the following items:

a. Loading conditions.

b. Load factors or safety factors.

c. Design unit stresses and material grades.

d. Reuse criteria for forms and associated design unit stresses.

e. Safety factors used for form accessories.

f. Any special provisions considered in the design.

6.1.3 Criteria for Form Removal and Imposition of Construction Loads

A key operation affecting worker safety is form removal and relocation.

Criteria for stripping concrete forms and moving falsework shall be

set by an engineer [ANSI AlO .9-6 .4 .7] . In addition, specific provisions for testing field cured concrete cylinders prior to removal

of forms is addressed. This requirement is a means of preventing

premature removal of forms (i.e., before the specified strength needed

for the support of construction loads is achieved). This is one of the

most critical safety related provisions in cooling tower construction.

The life safety of a large number of workers is directly dependent on the

structural integrity of partially cured concrete which is used to support

the formwork, scaffolds, various assemblies and the personnel involved

in the casting operations. This support system must not be susceptible

to initiation of a chain reaction collapse if a small part is damaged by

a minor accident. The incomplete provision for premature removal of

important elements can make some systems extremely susceptible to such

chain reactions. OSHA regulations require that the engineer's specifications and local building codes be followed for form removal [ANSI

AlO. 9-6. 4. 7] and require specific approval for the imposition of con- struction construction loads on the partially completed structure by the

engineer-architect responsible for the design of the structure [29 CFR

1926.701 (a)(4) and ANSI AlO .9-6 .3 .4] . This approval will usually consist

of setting certain minimum concrete strengths which must develop before

various operations can commence. There may be different values for different

types of construction operations and loadings (one value for fonn removal,

another for form movement, another for hoist loading, etc.).

6
6.1.4 Establishment of Bench Marks

The key for practical enforcement is the "bench mark" which indicates a specific measurement or check which may be used by the OSHA compliance

officer to affirm whether critical safety procedures are being adhered

to during the construction process. These "bench marks" are predetermined

norms against which job records and other supplementary information acquired

from independent observations in the field can be compared to ensure that

safe construction practices are being followed.

Typical bench marks may include:

a. Minimum concrete strength for form removal.

b. Minimum concrete strength for falsework movement.

c. Minimum concrete strength for operation of hoisting devices

attached to or supported by the partially completed structure.

d. Minimum concrete strength for placement of new concrete.

e. Number, size, and location of fastenings, ties, anchor devices

or other supports required so that the falsework and forms perform

safely at each stage of construction.

f. Criteria to be met before removal or relocation of any fastenings,

ties, anchor devices or other supports.

g. Maximum hoisting load and maximum operating speed.

h. Minimum hoist clearance and size of sheaves.

i. Size of cables and sheaves.

6 .2 Personnel Training In Construction Operation

An awareness of the critical safety aspects of the operations by all

employees in the field will be a key factor in reducing the risk of

catastrophic construction failures.

Training and education of personnel in safe conduct of work is part of

OSHA safety regulations [29 CFR 1926.20 and 29 CFR 1926.21(b)(2)]. A

detailed procedure manual for use in training personnel in safe operations

should be developed as part of the basic construction plan. The manual

should spell out the sequence of key operations, the number and sequence

of attachments, key limits for decisions on major operations, safety checks,

periodic inspection of safety-related ifems and any other action that can

be foreseen and that would prevent unsafe situations from developing during

the operations. Key personnel shall be thoroughly trained in this plan

and all personnel should have basic knowledge of important details. Having

7
this key information on record will enable the OSHA compliance officers

to conduct their field investigations with regard to safety education of

personnel

.

The supervisors, lift equipment operators, and the material hoists operators

shall be trained for the operations of their particular system and shall

be particularly knowledgeable with regard to the critical safety aspects

of the overall construction plan.

An important element of this task is the training of inexperienced workers

as well as job orientations of other workers not previously engaged in

cooling tower construction operations.

7. INSPECTION TASKS DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE

In cooling tower construction the OSHA compliance officer must check the

overall safety of the working place as well as the detailed personal safety

requirements normally applicable to all construction.

The nature of this type of construction requires certain specific types

of checks which involve construction operations that are critical to

the maintenance of safety. These are covered in the following sections.

7 . 1 Concrete

The development of concrete strength is affected primarily by mix

proportions of material ingredients, age, and curing temperature.

Particularly, in cold weather, concrete gains strength slowly. Special

curing, such as steam curing, can accelerate strength gain. Certain

types of cements and admixtures will slow down strength development

while other types will accelerate strength development. Concrete

strength therefore cannot be determined by visual inspection or by

"tradition”. The safety of formwork operations often depends almost

completely on the concrete having reached certain strength values.

These values should be clearly indicated as "bench marks."

On job-site inspections, the records of tests of field cured (not

laboratory cured) concrete specimens should be checked to determine

that specimens were tested prior to formwork removal or other key

construction operations and that the minimum strengths required (bench

marks) were met. Failure to meet these requirements is a severe violation

of ANSI AlO.9-6.4.7 and imposes great risks on the working force.

7 .2 Formwork Operations

Each individual construction system will have a series of key attachment

requirements and construction operation sequences. "Bench marks" should

be established to identify these critical factors. Records for form placement, removal and other construction operations should be checked to

8
determine that requirements are being followed. These should be cross checked with materials test records to see that proper strength was developed

before operations were carried out. Visual inspection of current operations

should be carried out to determine that all key equipment and operations

are in accordance with the construction plan. Particular attention should

be given to the number, location, and sequencing of attachment and anchor

devices which support the traveling forms and scaffolding.

7

.3

Construction Loadings

The construction loadings for which the construction system has been

designed should be outlined in the construction plan. Visual inspection

should be made to determine if additional construction loadings are being

imposed. Extra equipment, material stockpiles, excess hoist loads created

by hurried operations can cause excessive construction loadings.

7

.4

Structural Integrity

If the construction operations are being supported by the partially completed

structure, the OSHA compliance officer must be concerned with the integrity

of the support structure. If signs of structural inadequacy are present

a structural engineering specialist should be consulted.

Such items as severe honeycombing of concrete, exposed reinforcement,

omission of reinforcement, severe cracking, gross tolerances, or crumbling

concrete indicate potential distress.

7 .

5

Hoisting System

Overall safety requirements for material and personnel hoists are specified

in 29 CFR 1926.552 and ANSI A10.5. In addition, the hoisting system and

its interaction with the construction system and the partially completed

structure should be checked. Signs of severe impact can indicate overload

on the support structure. Failure of a hoist wire rope can cause severe consequences if the payload then impacts the scaffolding, formwork, or support structure.

Detailed inspection records for all hoisting machinery should be checked

[29 CFR 1926.550(a)]. Specific checks should be made to determine that

required daily visual inspections of hoisting machinery are being performed

and manufacturers’ specifications adhered to [ANSI AlO .5-16 .19] . A thorough

annual inspection of the hoisting machinery shall be performed by a competent person or a government or private agency recognized by the U.S.

Department of Labor. The employer shall maintain records of dates and

results of inspections for each hoisting machine and piece of equipment.

The following highlight the various ANSI inspection specifications:

9
ANSI 10.5-14.2.1 - Period of inspection is defined.

29 CFR 1926.25(a)(1)

ANSI AlO .5-14 .2 .2 Method of wire rope inspection is defined.

ANSI AlO. 5-14. 3.1 - Criteria for wire rope removal and replacement

is given.

ANSI AlO. 5-14. 4 - Requirements for wire rope installation are given.

After the wire rope has been in use for a maximum of one month, all nuts

on all wire rope clips shall be retightened to the manufacturers* torque

recommendations [ANSI 10.5-15.3]. The minimum number of clips, spacing

of clips and torque tightening of clips shall conform to manufacturers*

recommendations [ANSI 10.5-15.2].

All drums and sheaves shall conform to ANSI 10.5, Sections 14.5.1 through

14.5 .13.

Electrical communication during hoist operations shall conform to ANSI 10.5,

Section 19.0. The OSHA compliance officer shall inspect the communication

systems according to a preestablished "bench mark" to ensure compliance.

Records of the designated inspections and conclusive findings shall

be maintained at the job site by the designated inspector and made

available to the OSHA compliance officer.

7.6 Detailed Personal Safety Checks

After the OSHA compliance officer has checked the construction-erection

procedures critical to the support of work surfaces for which failure

might result in multiple injuries and fatalities, he should proceed with

more detailed and routine checks for compliance with regulations whose

violation might result in injury to a single worker or a small group of

workers

8. MAINTAINING SAFETY-RELATED RECORDS

Current building code provisions (ACI , Section 1.3 and 3.1)

require important construction and safety records, which are vital for

the OSHA Inspection of overall construction safety, be kept during progress

of work and for two years after completion of work. In addition, these

2 Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete, ACI 318-77, American

Concrete Institute, Detroit, Michigan.

10
provisions require that all concrete construction shall be inspected

throughout the various work stages by a competent engineer or architect,

or their competent representative normally representing the owner. Thus

a designated inspector must maintain a record which covers many items which

can indicate if construction is in accordance with the construction plan.

Some of the key items required by ACI 318-77 Sections 1.3 and 3.1 include:

a. Maintaining records for quality, proportions, mixing, placing and curing

concrete.

b. Maintaining detailed temperature and curing records in cold and hot

weather.

c. Maintaining records for reinforcing placement, form placement and removal.

d. Maintaining records for any significant construction loadings on completed walls.

e. Maintaining a complete record of tests of materials including concrete.

The contractor should identify individuals who are responsible for inspecting

and maintaining the records of these items.

Since ANSI AlO.9-6.4.7 requires that tests shall be made on field-cured

concrete specimens prior to form removal, records of these early age

concrete tests must be maintained as well as the more usual 28-day tests

to determine quality of the mature concrete. These records should be

checked against the "bench mark" values from the construction plan.
V't"

'n

'''.V

gtrlu

.liiiti t.l.rtS«-3si.<j'S.-«l«f-<W4to»S^»%'"« X“f‘ : ,?-r '-''-IlSij^jpTF®'

fZ : i^[ ' 'i I '.t »>

>

'

’ t%nU,

.ri. fi'

A

» ,w.fl-a»...<s4*..> .^1

•'. v««.

\y..'

' jk] "i»s

«uH ,. .4.1 M *5i %

BT it

•f m:

, :* v^’.
APPENDIX A

CONTENTS

A.l Excerpts from Safety and Health Regulations for Construction

29 CFR Part 1926, Bureau of Labor Standards, Department of Labor,

Washington, D.C., June 24, 1974.

A. 2 Excerpts from Safety Requirements for Material Hoists, American

National Standard ANSI AlO. 5-1975, American National Standards

Institute, New York, New York.

A. 3 Excerpts from Safety Requirements for Concrete Construction and

Masonry Work, American National Standard ANSI AlO. 9-1970, American

National Standards Institute, New York, New York.

A-1
\ *

«

'lotf'ttJ 5<> jo«b:'?xA(?iSHQf’^8’ib^t»l)iiit'l|^‘70<^*^^ RID i'S „

'.a

«b94bi:^3?

•^. » jfl ‘ f V. w*8 :?•(,,« »W31^f"“'

*e^ ?{*

i}i>& ifdi3owviui«3 »3?3i>no3 3'i’i ,OT^X-WffU 'jfcWi^/;o»*>>^l»*A-' ,^

'll r*'*it 1/ i.
A.l Excerpt from

Safety and Health Regulation

for Construction,

29 CFR Part 1926

Bureau of Labor Standards

Department of Labor

Washington , D . C

.

June 24, 1974

§ 1926^0 General rafety and health

proviaions.

(a) Contractor reqiiireTnents. ( 1 ) Section 107 of the Act requires that it shall be a condition of each contract which Is entered into under legislation subject to Reorganlaatlon Plan Number 14 of 1950

(64 Stat. 1267). as defined In 5 1926.12,

and is for construction, alteration, and/

or repair. Including painting and decorating. that no contractor or subcontractor for any part of the contract work

shall require any laborer or mechanic

employed in the performance of the contract to work in surroundings or under

. working conditions which are unsanitary,

hazardous, or dangerous to his health or

safety.

(b) Accident prevention responsibiU^

ties. (1) It shall be the responsibility of the employer to initiate and maintain

such programs as may be necessary to comply with this part.

(2) Such programs shall provide for frequent and regular inspections of the

job sites, materials, and equipment to be made by competent persons designated by the employers.

(3) The use of any machinery, tool, material, or equipment which is not in compliance with any applicable require- ment of this part is prohibited. Such

machine, tool, mateiiail. or equipment

shall either be identified as unsafe by

tagging or locking the controls to render

them inoperable or shall be physically removed from its place of operation.

(4) The employer shall permit only

those employees qualified by training or experience to operate equipment and

machinery.

§ 1926.21 Safety training and edneatioo.

. (a) General requirements. The Secretary Shan, pursuant to section 107(f) of the Act, establish and supervise programs

for the education and training of employers and employees in the recognition, avoidance and prevention of unsafe conditions in employments covered by the

act

(b) Employer responsibUity. (i) The

employer should avafi himself of the

safety and health training programs the

Secretary provides.

(2)

The employer shall Instruct each

employee In the recognition and avoid- ance of unsafe conditions and the regulations applicable to his work environment to control or eliminate any hazards

or other exposure to Illness or injury.

§ 1926.251 Rigging equipment for material handling.

(a) General. (1) Rigging equipment

for material handling shall be inspected

prior to use on each shift and as necessary during its use to ensure that it is safe. Defective rigging equipment shall be removed from service.

(2) Rigging equipment shall not be

loaded in excess of its recommended safe working load, as prescribed in Tables

H-1 through H-20 in this subpart, fol- lowing i 1926.252(e) for the specific

equipment.

(3) Rigging equipment, when not in

use, shall be removed from the immediate work area so as not to present a

hazard to employees.

(4) Special custom design grabs,

hooks, clamps, or other lifting accessories, for such units as modular panels,

prefabricated structures and similar materials, Shan be marked to indicate the

safe working loads and shaU be prooftested prior to use to 125 percent of their rated load.

(b) Alloy steel chains. (1) Welded al- loy steel chain slings shaU have permanently aflBxed durable identification stat- ing size, grade, rated capacity, and sUng

manufacturer.

(2) Hooks, rings, oblong links, pear- shaped links, welded or mechanical coupling Unks, or other attachments, when

used with aUoy steel chains, shaU have

a rated capacity at least equal to that

of the chain.

(3) Job or shop hooks and Unks, or makeshift fasteners, formed from bolts, rods, etc., or other such attachments,

ShaU not be used.

(4) Rated capacity (working load

Umit) for aUoy steel chain slings shaU

conform to the values shown in TtUale H-1.

(5) Whenever wear at any point of any chain link exceeds that shown in Table H-2, the assembly shaU be removed

from service.

(c) Wire rope. (1) Tables H-3 through

H-14 ShaU be used to determine the safe working loads of various sizes and classifications of Improved plow steel wire rope and wire rope slings with various

types of terminals. For sizes, classifications, and grades not Included in these

tables, the safe working load recom- mended by the manufacturer 'for specific, identifiable products shaU be fol- lowed. provided that a safety factor of not less than 5 Is maintained.
•US Ml f i

imaxii’p* 'l\

lyBfc

-©•<3 ^ SW4 igSclJ 'Ji- '-teiA ^ , e It

3ftiflt ' I t»tti^9cit' 's'> l^KWrifi 'Wffifc cisfWrart «d

' 94 UAJit 'ikot rsi^ ''^ ^ts»MtU4fbCTOc<a91 4l<to ^ 2>»&

-R>| .traQdK.'* atUt oUO^i^

rCL'«<n , (Mtf -iO). (t^PiZMU.i ,sa«^

' 4.d:>tDC{IU|Ni

>pa ttsjtit. <Jy

'nirii/ srt*- ’£9o:l n^nuc?:^ Kn O) tap' tMCB-’V'l^''^t^

^tenot<Mtv» bisasil ^rz-^- j«)|a&a»' :te£aiiqi3 IH .. f4 ,9C.‘ggiu ^iodui

Mijyjq •.|^u^- « **'.«{< 7i^-^ Mh

-*jO V . .t;?: baul jtHtp;:tJf ‘hi^iJ<{^i*^

>1^ ‘,yAWft»4^

-io'ir<l%'5 'Siya.fca* *fe*el t»*7«,vr »w»i

'muo 2Ci di mi

saMW««4l| ^

a,i 'Hdfi. < 1). -*s)jMn*4Wf3 < •>

/ uai^ usitf!^ jbAjuil lo nt ocw fp.

»L

A-*«* #.«i<J«b»* »<

oii Mia i>«wit» ,

»* »<r»ci

^b4« ,OC.OMnl«M» i4) a MMtlK'

-<!jfli» £:*t.# fntiuit'Q t/’iwhtu Tliart w

*NTttir»:'’CS lOTCOpiraklsK t«* .vOm

#l^.:?T,«r*B;’ai» Mil v» n«4 ttU .IOt iM^

tiiiBiM* ftt» *asnMi fiaoi

•^ijfaTStW 19 WftMJrWlMq idJ «1 lmo*«l*t ,‘i iMoS^;' <a 'ihow M 4»«*

.tiMUt^wy f«iiifci4ti% tMdtkbacn

^

-*<T fti'jWrt iKI M lo ,w<6i*<Mt a

f!* »it!"

to MM #4 U«4* H <I» -Mil

ro«alt£4 b«M M*WII1 M -irtoMMf «<f

{tf tiJMSw Ml Msto M ftMn»ai^ *W» » - j\«o 043 Itour tn«»®

BMlS MMTlKWl »*6oa m

«3C3 to weiMttMMil vdtfyvi bat

£

#

V * A vMt# > MW 1 7

>

•aCK^n *t«il,,JWU' htillfi'

TVftoMiaD " 44tn^':UltU(XMTt

i«Qj3 *3*smJi n.» Joil|^tr,l|rt5«iE

'- 'it .PiM-rt 4J* i*Hid

»r*»l ;L|.-t» Mdu£4l IMW:

3«il} M iipflo r.io: • "

,, hy 19 10 ,EW£.‘ tea «loo4’<>^ Mf<,4oX»:#<i) Mtoc flKnJ b«m?0S tjiniOMR iJMMism

. fl(M«i i*H3a IP ,.»J9

4i5fjtf ^ /<m {UA<

Iliiiii tlpo

. 5V> >i^

j* ic4p«

^ i» 9iMv<

eti n'^ori* tfiti toviH)** >®U' ca^Jis %o«

t4»Brtir! lAUlKtip TioMteiS# **rti .J -. *I ttffiif? *1?

«4} »4tea'Hif»f^ o< fcr»iy lU-i* /^li

•Mid DttA i<ir laii'ifir'

' sro^ to '.tdoaikalUf

j«f;' Wa»M*t Mie icon 5-P^" ^

'

M<m . ftu* 'jota E

'

•rf-0'.' »4U

ynif^Vfaiem >« , Mf

Mt 'libtjr <M> ;si jiQi«b to -tmna * itu^ Ji^J

AoftUattisga •* t ctw Id4

f!"' : ik

_ InMrtMA

ot 3t»i<i!>dMt* bM

•MMb ’ tC|PMiM'>li|MM<1XO t4’ MWM W

^ MsMkum Md Mf IM , ^J^T. mfpAamt mO ^

.'«mSm«3 %^-Ut mi

37>(Mi'^«it49tiJs »0WBalup» •» Hn^ypr' «%ii4i*ttt» 'tiB* <of«^ muiumim*

'iM^9*‘)i ol BtoOi'iofw itfll **

tllMlnOfl' » McMtoOWU MMSI

. jioiktdim to joMti •« sKwS bs*«a« ^

J*fc5^ ifl«i» tot«i<b9to mJT

'W i»iskm»» «*tf'‘2SL!S£ ]?

odr' . _, Ift mtoi zioUsM 0^ Humcvn

•tostsrrir: Mtf

*iit« ’to aWroMSif'^^ »<® "lot

iwia*»ipi4 IW’O »6<t«ktor»

«0i' t4

oifr 99»|di«wt <4» >0 WM4JW m* ^12

,

; : a . 42lUi9C^5jMf2M<»

4004 39wma ifMJ*

-r8.?M «rt> titu- 'vVtrttvrM I?!? ' <4 ' !!iP,0O«I

^ bMM44 'tIM MOwlfflll# 4b krttiMoM toMK,!

Sr

'

• i!
(2) Protruding ends of strands In

splices on slings and bridles shall be covered or blunted.

(3) Wire rope shall not be secured by

knots, except on haul back lines on

scrapers.

(4) The following limitations shall apply to the use of wire rope:

(I) An eye splice made In any wire rope shall have not les« than three full tucks. However, this requirement shall not operate to preclude the use of another form of splice or connection which

can be shown to be as efficient and which

Is not otherwise prohibited.

(II) Except for eye splices in the ends

of wires and for endless rope slings, each

wire rope used in hoisting or lowering,

or in pulling loads, shall consist of one

continuous piece without knot or splice.

(ili) Eyes in wire rope bridles, slings, or bxrll wires shall not be formed by wire rope clips or knots.

(iv) Wire rope shall not be used if, in any length of eight diameters, the total number of visible broken wires exceeds

10 percent of the total number of wires, or if the rope shows other signs of excessive wear, corrosion, or defect.

(5)

.When u-bolt wire-rope clips are used to form eyes. Table H-20 shall be

used to determine the number and spacing of cUps.

(1) When used for eye splices, the

u-bolt shall be applied so that the “u”

section is in contact with the dead end

of the rope.

(d) Natural rope, and synthetic fiber—

(1) General. When using natural or synthetic fiber rope slings. Tables H-15, 16,

17, and 18 shall apply.

(2) AU splices in rope slings provided

by the employer shall be made in accord- ance vdth fiber rope manufacturers

recommendations.

(1) In manlla rope, eye splices shall contain at least three f\iU tucks, and

short splices shall contain at least six full tucks (three on each side of the centerline of the splice)

(li) In layed synthetic fiber rope, eye

splices shall contain at least four fuU

tucks, and short splices shall contain

at least eight full tucks (four on each

side of the centerline of the splice)

(ill) Strand end tails shall not be

trimmed short (fiush with the surface

of the rope) immediately adjacent to the

full tucks. This precaution applies to both eye and short splices and all types

of fiber rope. For fiber ropes under 1-inch

diameter, the tails shall project at least

six rope diameters beyond the last full tuck, fk>r fiber ropes 1-inch diameter and

larger, the tails shall project at least 6 Inches beyond the last full tuck. In applications where the projecting tails may

be objectionable, the tails shall be ta- pered and spliced into the body of the rope using at least two additional tucks

(which will require a tail length of ap- proximately six rope diameters beyond

the last fuU tuck)

(iv) For all eye splices, the eye shall be sufficiently large to provide an in- cluded angle of not greater than 60* at the splice when the eye is placed over the

load or support.

(V) Knots shall not be used in lieu of

splices.

(e) Synthetic webbing (.nylon, polyester, and polypropylene). (1) The employer shall have each synthetic web

sling marked or coded to show:

(1) Name or trademark of manufacturer. (U) Rated capacities for the type of

hitch.

(iii) Tj-pe of material.

. (2) Rated capacity shall not be ex- ceeded.

(f) Shackles and hooks. (1) Table

H-19 shall be used to determine the safe working loads of various sizes of shackles. except that higher safe working loads

are permissible when recommended by

the manufacturer for specific, identifiable products, provided that a safety factor of not less than 5 is maintained.

(2) The manufacturer's recommendations shall be followed in determining the

safe working loads of the various sizes and types of specific and identifiable hooks. All hooks for which no applicable

manufacturer’s recommendations are

available shall be tested to twice the in- tended safe working load before they are

initially put into use. The employer shadl maintain a record of the dates and results of such tests.
.

.’7

I

^

J.'

t :' m»rri!Lj

L*a» *]cf -ni lu

!•» #0 J'-*r,

'.; • • »Uie.X9M

»'U >• icain w«

' ' ‘ii

' '-4u

* • dUKit^

t «ifAniV'.' C.-Ail'*

' •;u y oM

•fr ijioP,

*:j (%14

i Ti crc«

' 'll

nl iji'.f':- It >/tUj«n#0“.S »£'

-.

' '»;an • ufi »» ”;!i MXkQt

*•'*.•« jU* v> bm»

;,'*K ^'' J->c ;Lwi» •-•'M V* V 1) >• ;1j >" t.< iV*-l rt<' T'.vit'' t. OQA

.^•OjnK

: M«W >T.VAft fi»iy «;i •

, J r<ja .M r»’* f.> i'

' .VI $Ui: ,v>^«i9oB «JDUt

^ ^ at 0§mn» H0 i

:... -V ' ’. .- VO Obi-'Ql lo mVtA TMliim ''*' 0 *lr <;• • I Off OrocU *d 0«9 , A i%nrvt^Jo 3oa U

'

•rcfr -J^ ri 1 . ,. >•? ’» J 5<rvgc3 (JU) v’_^H

.vJ/Rllf, .' Ibr . '•

! C->. i'.,ir \o

4* V. o-uiv

‘ «4<> oAiilA/q 19

iiT.-t ;-ir «o»i4 ,sL<ot;AUnftil. UM ^ M ;..itS l.tti> J9a uiLAe trttv ilud “.d ,»trji >: L-4U9 d^or

uo“, ‘ itf-Joa ShMfr »r;>7 ^ATvMajt dcti|i« lo xx» ^ —K HMtcruS U^ian )o -apdOM^

ptL,^ mfA UJOt uu imrmi U

•9 ‘fwJM k^oAi *qcn t.U li ao

. f*ar^ V> jKimmbb .3«sv mtiM»9$,

' tia r;',4>jv(M«( aiicf?7;<’!' "g^M M K«fflp t%4|[ Jtn* 9) IMW

tiM WtBMMI Mf 3!t}art«}Bl) of ^9«Il J|H

.•QUO

•Kite trypt io\ Jdati. iwfW u) 1^1

•• U iiHli 04 iloUqea U«d» Sk4Ht

. t

' ,: IP j-U t: CoUqml

•<|0V OCtJ

'i V a»i to '0 tlii) •' (n.-;ir*rivun^f^W <£)

'

.» , .^: TM::"f .n--:

.;. !•• ‘ a* ,M 'I . xjH

tA RA <C) .'

\ . ::V! 1*0 «l

4

^Mhp><* :

' rf.' ri* ' -H

'n:.fti*yiMl4'4^ 'H •jj.'vi.'n ,! •• r.'y' -•* ' .*-* «,''' ' .' f.i

L.' .!4»)fi'trt< •'.|D

«• .. ' .... /j. ' ^lu>i«

.i .Ti-i. ta -.y; JM

'-I* >„ 3,;.;; T l

:?•(-- I

- J:' iU' .A

I ;;;;r.;.: UMi t*oOt|>

.'TIP "' bo* '.^

' ri'.-* I'u; iiiiiio M**r }j

:- - V, (I Tjc.hfnoB *rtf k> «l»l» , I fj
§ 1926.451 Scafifolding.

() General retjuirements. (1) Scaffolds shall be erected tn accordance with

requirements of this section.

(2) The footing or anchorage for scaffolds shall be sound, rigid, and capable

of carrying the maximum Intended load

without settling or displacement. Unstable objects such as barrels, boxes,

loose brick, or concrete blocks, shall not

be used to support scaffolds or planks.

(3) No scaffold shall be erected,

moved, dismantled, or altered except

\inder the supervision of competent

persons.

(4) Guardrails and toeboards shall be

installed on aU open sides and ends of platforms more than 10 feet above the

ground or floor, except needle beam scaffolds and floats (see paragraphs (p) and

(w) of this section) . Scaffolds 4 feet to 10 feet in height, having a minimum

horizontal dimension in either direction

of less than 45 inches, shall have standard guardrails Installed on all open sides and ends of the platform.

(5) Guardrails shall be 2 x 4 inches, or the equivalent, approximately 42

inches high, with a mldrall, when re- quired. Supports shall be at intervals not

to exceed 8 feet. Toeboards shall be a minimum of 4 Inches in height.

() Where persons are required to work or pass under the scaffold, scaffolds shall be provided with a screen between

the toeboard and the guardrail, extending along the entire opening, consisting

of No. 18 gauge U.S. Standard wire Vi- inch mesh, or the equivalent.

(7) Scaffolds and their components

shall be capable of supporting without

failure at least 4 times the maximum in- tended load.

(8) Any scaffold including accessories such as braces, brackets, trusses, screw

legs, ladders, etc. damaged or weakened

from any cause shall be hnmediately re- paired or replaced.

(9) All load-carrying timber members of scaffold framing shall be a minimum of 1,500 flber (Stress Grade) construction grade lumber. All dimensions

are nominal sizes as provided in the

American Lumber Standards, except that

where rough sizes are noted, only rough

or undressed lumber of the size specified

will satisfy Tninimnm requirements.

(10)

All planking shall be Scaffold Grades, or equivalent, as recognized by

approved grading rules for the species of wood used. The maximum permissible

spans for 2- x 10-lnch or wider planks

shall be as shown in the following:

Tabls Ij-3 Matebial

Full thickness Nominal

undressed thickness lumber lumber

Working load (pA.f.).„... 25 fiO 76 25 60 Permissible span (it.)__. 10 8 6 8 6

1 Nominal thickness lumber not recommended for heavy duty use. (11) The maximum permissible span

for 1V4- X 9 -inch or wider plank of full thickness shall be 4 feet with medium

duty loading of 50 p.sff. (12) All planking of platforms shall be overlapped (minimum 12 Inches), or secured from movement.

(13) An access ladder or equivalent

safe access shall be provided.

(14) Scaffold plaiiks shall extend over

their end supports not less than 6 inches nor more th^ 12 inches.

(15) The poles, legs, or uprights of

scaffolds shall be plumb, and securely

and rigidly braced to prevent swaying

and displacement.

(16) Overhead protection shall be pro- vided for men on a scaffold exposed to overhead hazards.

(17) Slippery conditions on scaffolds shall be eliminated as soon as possible after they occur.

(18) No welding, burning, riveting, or open flame work shall be performed on any staging suspended by means of fiber or synthetic rope. Only treated or protected flber or synthetic ropes shall be

used for or near any work involving the

use of corrosive substances or chemicals.

Speciflc requirements for boatswain’s

chairs and float or ship scaffolds are contained in paragraphs (1) and (w) of

this section.

(19) Wire, synthetic, or fiber rope used

for scaffold suspension shall be capable of supporting at least 6 times the rated

load.

(20) The use of shore or lean-to scaffolds is prohibited.

(21) Lumber sizes, when used in this subpart, refer to nominal sizes except

where otherwise stated.
T ajI

onlttoi* lUui*' -;^ixMtx4irt ua fitir.); :4 an.

' 1^

W#ir'3»KVMU-^iaS

mas/tiuMn i^iS!f .tuatky^-^v

-.teii* .m i*:t.TrtKfrt »( ,S tot «aM» '

'

: lattVoQ^} <utl. At iCNroitt at 9>i tan*

'

liiUkt XimtTAM

^/orriiisss^ ,'j^’

^'1 ? 4«:

t «T*.

Ct

ytf'

iu^9{ i-: •'itM W .t^ioMtYt)ttprf \W^«y*0 (M

. .•t*^tt»iio« fid b»;9M(l «tl £btfk - : «jf

' <et^ .i* «ta»4Mtiiog«i^

y rtt^ w a.-tc>»pt <ufT Ci).

/

‘'flt L^is nlol.i

witi t^iiXTm W

4oiPtx^ la tnim** fstodiiw - t£M«t ileUu

TOO rjd» -a«M»ao» i»- ••oat

SI ti*au «tf

' <>K (1)

'

JeKTijiRio*^: Id iKdimiMitn i4i

ft

ji''- - jnmt§q

1 to (Airs ti4 no DojMitti . ^R) •k’^-'O-ted# 3--«!W owtfl rrfiv/iMH.

MauuKi dniioitt fld<30 »JdJjfl*j«i'K -nu(«*»T^ -ixcr c?4

UKt'lo 3iB!fllq 8tOf» tt d(i:t-€ r »>jt'tdi

Uko« «trr>*t£i^Q

..tw.'O^fow hrc«

JLfcL''

'

to tiiJtnil fltA ' »Ci'^

'

'

•mo lie4ifc«^#lA UpSwB T*lt

6 10.- titdj

,..

. 4Vt*)eC'W'aitttf vfosx van

Vo MUfi; -pirr iAfy.

ti'K3»i be* .(toctrki 00 t/tjt^t aitfarirt iawrito « tK«c#sN“'aw bc*

Mt C*d« iMi-wr-^vO 1 * rr* ow UflOQ»* ,i/»C«ar^^

'

tanisuot (1C R

HtAPaaa M tow' ** «<f iUlrff

.%.-tJ8^'-,o^’ >/# t'L

»6 jnmsfDTioa ‘jiAir ««•& :a»«id ^ ^

7rvrr

J>OrTt 6 »vCM>»* TO

fc b*mA

iNftfNi T>1 ^*ia(KMKi4>>|Wf"

ilMUsif atm to t*«^ bS4 «j ' -m««: •51¥«w ,

taMtmt^ U'A .'tMKWfii ,«t>4rti »d#ort<*

»d* j*r.iCTan '«a

tjltd, wwtw AinAWw«ifr<t«oj.i ims^imuctA avma 'dJ»o, jnaott.ihijti t»HB'ft7tim tuda

00 to, tdfeirt i»

' .kiav^nntt^ mvoxinm •diUM iia«

a»(m ci a<uvmaB>

:ikt0%04><^.h*ii£ .lottoffi t» 0^^«Ml^vil

•aNK'tnt^ (to .0* biK£l(u*tii tiictaoir/l oto' "'£•<

,

. "

.ic:r$»lt|dq «dt tofl^

.I»9»41 *";r' S Stoi« %twrdrMtf& <i> u 'W.id4toi«xa<ta» oAi 90

•«t '(UHjto Jiratbtai * tBnw Jttui' htdmt

mtAQaB brOup

* M wim dnxdp^ MA « fiMidi: ctj

^ t io iuvffitiAfiol

(i» hirttvt^n 014 wtioato <•) ? Mil 0btso -uin to diov^

cor «n^!»4 rdJ^ OaOfmtq wS Satto

'

-tout** 4wVWtfk 04i MM itoodaM odIJ

i(tt^iia0Oi,%Ri'n^ o(tniAo(4 fsi’. -d? ^thr «||M«| •(''.oH.n

uaaa(4]n(»>^^ !^, dikAadk <T). wo0w''ix0Tm^ to '%tt«« o4

-cdv^tJL'c.OxowiS.iloMJ^* ',"*' l» rauO*i APtH 110““*“

trMiO **** 10- TatAfcS 4tf»t W-’' Xi#UU>>£a«K *d Qiiid»r44»«s> to** o«r»l

'
(g) Outrigger scaffolds. ( 1 ) Outrigger

beams shall extend not more than 6 feet beyond the face of the building. The in- board end of outrigger beams, measured

from the fulcnim point to anchorage

point, shall be not less than 1 V2 times the

outboard end in length. The beams shall

rest on edge, the sides shall be plumb, and

the edges shall be horizontal. The ful- crum point of the beam shall rest on a

secure bearing at least 6 inches in each

horizontal dimension. The beam shall be

secured in place against movement and

shall be securely braced at the fulcrum

point against tipping.

(2) The Inboard ends of outrigger

beams shall be securely anchored either by means of struts bearing against sills in contact with the overhead beams or

celling, or by means of tension members

secured to the floor Joists underfoot, or by both if necessary. The inboard ends of outrigger beams shall be secured agsdnst

tipping and the entire supporting struc- ture shall be securely braced in both di- rections to prevent any horizontal

movement.

(3) Unless outrigger scaffolds are designed by a registered professional engi- neer competent in this fleld, they shall be

constructed and erected in accordance

with Table L-13. Outrigger scaffolds, designed by a registered professional engineer, shall be constructed and erected in accordance with such design. Tabls L-13—MiKiMtTM Nominal 3n* and MAxnroii

Spacinq or M£mbsr3 or Odtbigoeb Scattolds

VfRTjmMTT) scaffold load. Light duty Medium duty

25 pgj. . 60pj.i.

Outrigger 2 T 10 In . 3 1 10 In; Maximum outrigger 10 It. 0 In . . 6(t. Oln.

spacing.

PIftnlr1ng._ ... 2 1 10 In Guardrail ... 2x4 In— 2 T 4 In. Guardrail uprights... 2 I tin . 2x lln. Toeboards 4 in. (mini- 4 In. (mini- mum). mum).

(4) Flanking shall be laid tight and

shall extend to within 3 Inches of the

building wall. Planking shall be secured

to the beams.

(5) Guardrails made of lumber, not

less than 2x4 Inches (or other material

providing equivalent protection) , approximately 42 Inches high, with a midrail of 1 X 6 inch lumber (or other material providing equivalent protection),

and toeboards, shall be Installed at all open sides and ends on all scaffolds more

than 10 feet above the ground or floor. Toeboards shall be a mlnlmmn of 4 Inches in height. Wire mesh shall be installed in accordance with paragraph

(a)( 6 ) of this section.

§ 1926.552 Material Hoists, personnel

hoists, and elevators.

(a) General requirements. (1) The

employer shall comply with the manufacturer’s specifications and limitations

applicable to the operation of all hoists and elevators. Where manufacturer's

speciflcations are not available, the limitations assigned to the equipment shall be based on the determinations of a professional engineer competent in the field. (2) Rated load capacities, recom- mended operating speeds, and special

hazard warnings or instructions shall be

posted on cars and platforms.

(3) Wire rope shall be removed from

service when any of the following conditions exists:

(1) In hoisting ropes, six randomly

distributed broken wires in one rope lay or three broken wires in one strand in one rope lay;

(it) Abrasion, scrubbing, flattening, or

peening, causing loss of more than onethird of the original diameter of the

outside wires;

(ill) Evidence of any heat damage re- sulting from a torch or any damage

caused by contact with electrical wires;

(Iv) Reduction from nominal diameter of more than three sixty-fourths

Inch for diameters up to and Including

three-fourths inch; one-sixteenth inch

for diameters seven-eighths to IVe

inches: and three thirty-seconds inch for diameters 1

V

4 to 1 Inches.

(4) Hoisting ropes shall be Installed In accordance with the wire rope manufacturer's recommendations.

(5) The Installation of live booms on

hoists is prohibited.

( 6 ) The use of endless belt-type manUfts on construction shall be prohibited,

(b) Material hoists, (1) (i) Operating

rules shall be established and posted at the operator's station of the hoist. Such

rules shall Include signal system and

allowable line speed for various loads. Rules and notices shall be posted on the

car frame or crosshead in a conspicuous

location, including the statement “No

Riders Allowed."

(ii) No person shall be allowed to ride on material hoists except for the purposes of inspection and maintenance.

(2) All entrances of the hoistwasrs

shall be protected by substantial gates

or bars which shall guard the full width

of the landing entrance. All hoistway

entrance bars and gates shall be painted

with diagonal contrasting colors, such

as black and yellow stripes.

(1) Bars shall be not less than 2- by

4-lnch wooden bars or the equivalent, located 2 feet from the hoistway line. Bars shall be located not less than 38
aijlkkH

tifx i;>

•oaks, 'MJ, :l;r» nmHi^fxnC ?i»#\ic'^iKv2a&m«-T!>i^

mioAtfk’to

tytvvuiytaaiasm^

•itii ••dl .ijUMtJKft.

UMt jstmqttfpt sif7 M lll|0«>»'< ]m

•vw A X. «;q|?jU)!;!X^ b^« ne ±jra

-inoo*'. <«%-: Vd Vi f ^

€i!w^

t»Vjy',v'^

tt«iii'.4ii«»rf' ' 'T'"’ ^ i^f h*s«v>d . \ yirut^w 'VH iw# CnUfcCfii

,

jn »(S,M

'aWrC b'W

•0OO'>btJi'^i iio! *U io taft (C»"«*

' . “ W«%NB«W ttCTADoar

tAi »i«nhi‘u(Q

/r. tr.|(t9*’'bQ6 e^^sl%!(^:'j^al^l<^^ « ?•'• -3.,% . MMTSifi-V W«l tiy <sw y0jAt':iP3A:iim f „ kW Vc Jewtiov w

j, . V'V*> -

-'“^it»iil».'5iMft*

'•te iT%ili( 'i4»d {W% Ite »»mtih ?i IJytia

, iMtkiSt" rM'-si'

.cmiir <»nr mdoge

-u«4fc 'JWifmA

tarnSTfi^'^k

%ffM •**5 ^uriixa^up^ , til vf r.iWSp.'sJitf*" ipt

' aniffs pijtrs ttw nr.f 0il>(iM4lit.obd4 4J ^ .m ’f^

ro lawod 'JiOT;

U»*fi 4W|i«^ ;r^ «<t> «i tsH«

i lEh* iCT>in» iA/rii» .<Mow • --,.

‘ J .tttwtfj ^-i/'.ii;,' Kul 'JL>!<^^ *<aii oifl^wU*

‘ ^ *r. ao Si*!t Cl W4;./vv;if^x^':^,|»ai!

tV* )dt 'vWfa'Jsi^,

nfl^^

itti: i'i '<-•*» ttMitSf kH tw ‘ -TM l^tias ilfcft ‘-.«i'n«^‘-r'4tf« Mm, BoMafqK^'i<< »*fM

fTA* 0^ 10 ffeX7jn:ja| (IK (h

«4t.| w ,UH^

Midi jt#iri M Mi

iS«»w

't nEflit of .(fj> AdHUfW>** tIi{R)or mr. Mt iMn :,w1 f t-’mid

u ««ttf a*t AMD tmi^t i*<s Uftat «t#fr

j ., B*i*» iln»Q<t

?ii,\ iii&x *<fr,iifi^:'M,hw bi0(xMfiM»rf

' 6^ M'^'

' 9iS#"

;^J A 4« *rtJ » .•oioq <*»m„‘

‘! jaft AJ Mwlsiir

.tiiUism.TMiuaM nd tUAk,

1^ «M3iAM *Oid(' I bfdoMM tdT iil ,w, ItaLn^*

% 9*W^' *iv«* 1« , «IH«|ZB ' «kfc;aWb.Ji?^ M0 mtw tvMfr^

t «MWt rooK *dJ ,«Jd

1

® .pXiS ffla. h-iA

'dK iOKf^‘i d

TO

M4«d^'3fr u

.Vf:

' '. »W2Wt*40 W«*.:-':J w

« -^d'dim _UiU tii 'UbMk l>n* tM«ari«ww7^''

ill tKi^’i^vnMditvO .Ci-O: kM'»rt tUmH

Jr 9BO>M^r<aid4. . It j. , . * 'ii3S» ' *1

I n'liiA I i ii _,ii

| M<i

~

i * .li» .^

i «)l'n«m»iii—i

ViVj'i

i.-a

tft

-n't' Jt

r#

!^« ,iUli JMI c*)

»o;; Aiii 'fc wto»v*>c* ti '”»•» VttiiJMW . .aNr tiJttkfm

», .lUBURKf, Kt* «••'' TM

i 34 1 nKdtm 'M';

.ftin wtiio wKfwkrt ibal

3o9\mim^

Ktlk |^>«ali *d auto

*i|oin «i» i» *ii^ 5T! Mdl ! »oi»tf wtor »? •, •! n^ir''

.m'^ ?•' sssy^s jsii?,.:

’* 2^ Si

^J

1

'' M-k liA-. Liciiw.-.

,«*'

„;.l
Inches nor more than 42 inches above

the hoco:.

(il) Gates or bars protecting the entrances to holatwavs shall be equipped

with a latching device.

(3) Overhead protective covering of 2-tnch planMng. %-lnch plywood, or other solid material of equivalent

strength, shall be provided on the top

of every material hoist cage or platform.

(4) The operator’s station of a hoisting machine shall be provided with over- head protection equivalent to tight

planking not less than 2 inches thick. The support for the overhead protection

Shan be of equal strength.

(5) Hoist towers may be used with or without an enclosure on all sides. However, whichever alternative is chosen, the

fonowing applicable conditions shall be met:

(1) When a hoist tower is enclosed, it shan be enclosed on siU sides for its entire height with a screen enclosure of

'Vi-lnch mesh. No. 18 UJ3. gauge wire or

equivalent, except for landing access.

(ii) When a hoist tower is not enclosed, the hoist platform or car shall be

totally enclosed (caged) on all sides for the full height between the floor and the

overhead protective covering with %-

inch mesh of No. 14 UjS. gatige wire or

equivalent. The hoist platform enclosure

shall include the required gates for loading and unloading. A 6-foot high enclosiire shall be provided on the imused

sides of the hoist tower at ground leveL

(6) Car arresting devices shall be installed to function in case of rope failure.

(7) All material hoist towers shall be

designed by a licensed professional engineer.

(8) All material hoists shall conform

to the requirements of ANSI A10.5-1S69,

Safety Requirements for Material

Hoists.

§ 1926.'533 Base-mounted drum hoists.

(a) General requirements. (1) Exposed moving parts such as gears, projecting screws, setscrews, chain, cables,

chain sprockets, and reciprocating or rotating parts, which constitute a hazard,

shall be gtiarded.

(2) All controls tised during the nor- mal operation cycle shall be located within easy reach of the operator’s

station.

(3) Electric motor operated hoists

shall be provided with:

(1)

A device to disconnect all motors from the line upon power failure and not permit any motor to be restarted until the controller handle is brought to the

“off” position;

(ii) Where applicable, an overspeed

preventive device:

(ill) A means whereby remotely

operated hoists stop when any control is ineffective.

(4)

All base-mounted drum hoists in use shall meet the applicable requirements for design, construction, installation, testing, inspection, maintenance,

and operations, as prescribed by the

manufacturer.

Subparf Q—Concrete, Concrete

Forms, and Shoring

§ 1926.700 General provision*.

(a) General. All equipment and materials used in concrete construction and

masonry work shall meet the applicable

requirements for design, construction. Inspection, testing, maintenance and operations as prescribed in ANSI AlO.9-1970,

Safety Requirements for Concrete Construction and Masonry Work.

§ 1926.701 Forms and shoring.

(a) General provisions. (1) Formwork and shoring shall be designed,

erected, supported, braced, and maintained so that it will safely support all vertical and lateral loads that may be

Imposed upon it during placement of concrete.

(2) Drawings or plans showing the

Jack layout, formwork, shoring, working

decks, and scaffolding, .shall be available

at the jobsite.

(3) Stripped forms and shoring shall be removed and stockpiled promptly

after stripping, in all areas in which per- sons are required to work or pass. Protruding nails, wire ties, and other form

aocessories not necessary to subsequent

work shall be pulled, cut, or other means

taken to eliminate the hazard.

(4) Imposition of any construction

loads on the partially completed struc- ture shall not be permitted unless such

loading has been considered in the design and approved by the engineerarchitect.
m

T

TUfunn- aaunv t'l? (Vt ^ ti tttU(»»%i34 S»Ctr4C^b SiJiOid'tMkl«t4H)Qt

fljf *>W4;

a .aneliHiiiav)

gtm>ctR. *.**»- »«»5 I

•<dljr '•’' *^>

tttr S^l^^iO^% oi 'UMb

MwHi^''9aii'iiiKtt ««Ma'iiKd *adl^a^'.

t^iooH %dt

-^'90 *(m4 im M«0 (A)

fat.

4^* . .- —. I --.- ^

- —m— • .-

-! : fX)IVM*«Vf I.

'

•**!!r^ '

. U* 'w»*v» .»

•

.fvM

'.» iv»m^ rt ,** irr i# imIi -

. •’i&f 'D-M^. afcjioj » jwuitWf A f^ !4a.

.^j. '-, „j;4»^C|09

mil tirall': 1Q . «lAb*«iC

Jnnif«rw»l, ,;.jnt^ i(>ai «0ri^/v4 •" liMtU .^Jibkffhat hCM

5#t«! i'ttfTOttfc- fciJs mx>\ wchjl^, ^

J|.. :!V • " bciil Mtf 1^; . fl" d vMot7ro»*»4u

•mfh ‘JinHiA'. Ai|^ 1», 'jf- «f|r

.

-r-.^ . xsyoft vf:.-: ortv.^ii tir«r itti^uw

,^, pott-rx.'- ,!*« sjuiuji Vi uWt*

, J&fi««lMlJ.. </jw*dnV«?»'W tiKibr? ' Hi, fmmir m»m W«««ni i»> 0m k>^ tuan »-x,r:} •m

^*«,' tJ^aprfiW’ •'

,f -.-W ir.4^.

#i-f 1W »rv,r.->;.. fQ

.^i|

fc O jn4*o«fiablMa4»d3tir

-fK »»t>w»»tfiq mntiWfO (t>

w imamm ham ‘t^cam ^

$0 0 ,MSba*&Mc w uo.t* jxfVfht^io mita. iJim UnatAa xuhm H

-ttmi • » mST i¥y

^~:*n tr^*9vq «d Htuti taHOMm wot 9010 «r faeumim m/umi<na 6mmI

laQaei t (w# imI kms. hmamm} $0 vi n^xnim

. d^MsiiMV Lfti/M Id vd i 5» btm m %Mm' f7<mt'oi'.f$aai' M'f

•mtM lit JO ruml'ia* nk UnAtr

hfiJ a:»r>f»o * i»Tf*4Krw5U T»v?tf3Jrfw 90 tiill. aci.-*HkdK9a aMjtrjtiaoa w vmj mm a ih -< W< lU J» h*9o0a9 *4 Aad|'

Ik) txmvm » tUtw ttttim urn 0m90n Mu .«n JUtm liatO-ir WWHH ucA tqtat*

-m hoc K xMxgf mod • mdw (O) ^ M i'tAdi i»-> ID lonotdj^ 90 " liritti «>t iiL^.ja#. M ihnm'i tmoiam *uja«t ^ 9tm iMU DMft^ictf'cpaariKf u£9)»d At»| mu

ojr^ cC£tv vawToo trt>DiM«iq b utcfunw

^ «9ut«i M »! ^ AtaD^iUlK* amStJlJQ DrfT JO0»rHtp9'

. ««uy Dd^^ adStDal A .taMiAOtewi An« tfll'

' Kil OS MM<Wtq 99 U4u<* o'.inMto ia««( hamn9 i» wwru fidocT mB to aaMi

»ai «r iUAa toaTvab lOistArui too <|>

DQgrk to •»«> « ODifwwt U

«4 lUJlt n»’*ai toto<i licfmtao tU> cr>r

'itoto lOkMatotoK^ ttKSMff 9 y4 111 toirtoii,

, i^',.'t1tow' <flcx0iieto9 iu^ri mi<u/ lotmam bm it^

.^.5#:^ to antoomi^ «to •)

ta) toSMpiritoPtol v ttDlaA ^ '*****^ ^tvod hrnm W-ftifl | iM t»mr.'>9'Um)9t UtoomO ig)

Hi«>i voimm Osm ohm utoroca 6«iim

^to^grjrttoto '*ortma9ojtwnm »am«i

to 009X1 td^.r- bm tomte JhJto»JaD?ft;i}^-» isgddir ^mto^ t£0mt

^ ton»w» HA uj

t'toJftttoto dA to BMm fu# atdjtw

*0 tff AApMito u 9(hom tMovnm

lODUtoNY ’'Bi^

to» StOMkOo Vi*5v liO o;«tov«ftvTUovY*iq

l:T»
A. 2 Excerpts from

Safety Requirements for Material Hoists

American National Standard ANSI AlO. 5-1975

American National Standards Institute

New York, New York

The Excerpts from ANSI AlO. 5-1975 are reproduced herin by permission of the

American National Standards Institute,

New York, New York 10018.

American National Standard

Safety Requirements for

Material Hoists

1. General

1.1 Scope. This standard applies to material hoists used to raise or lower materials during construction,

alteration, or demolition. It is not applicable to the temporary use of permanently installed personnel

elevators as material hoists.

1.1.1

This standard shall not apply to: (1) Elevators constructed and operated in con- formance with American National Standard Safety

Code for Dumbwaiters, Escalators, and Moving Walks,

A17.1-1971, including Addenda A17. la-1972, A17.1b1973, and A17.1c-1974

(2) Personnel hoists constructed and operated in conformance with American National Standard Safety

Requirements for Personnel Hoists, A1 0.4- 1973

(3) Manlifts constructed and operated in confor- mance with American National Standard Safety Stan- dard for Manlifts, A90. 1-1969, including Supplement

A90.1a-1972

1.2 Purpose. This standard is designed to provide protection for those engaged in occupations requiring the

use of material hoists and sets forth the minimum re- quirements for that purpose.

1.3 Exceptions. In cases of practical difficulties, unnecessary hardships, or new developments, exceptions to

the literal requirements may be granted by the enforcing

authority to permit the use of other devices or methods,

but only when it is clearly indicated that equivalent protection is thereby secured.

2. Related Standards

2.1 General. This standard is intended for use in conjunction with the standards listed in 2.2 and 2.3.

2.2 American National Standards (See Section 24)

American National Standard Safety Requirements for Scaffolding, A10.8- 1969

American National Standard Safety Standard for Mechanical Power Transmission Apparatus, B15. 1-1972

American National Standard National Electrical Code,

Cl-1971 (NFPANo. 70-1971)

American National Standard Installation of Portable

Fire Extinguishers, Z1 12.1-1974 (2nd ed) (NFPA No.

10-1974)

2.3

American Institute of Steel Construction^

AJSC S3 10, Specification for the Design, Fabrication,

and Erection of Structural Steel for Buddings, Feb 12,

1969

3.

Definitions

In this standard the following defiiutions shall apply:

approved. Accepted as satisfactory by a duly consti- tuted administrative or regulatory authority.

bucket. A metal container attached to the cage or cage frame and used to distribute concrete or other materials

to various elevations.

cage/car. The load-carrying unit, consisting of a platform, a top, and a full or partial side enclosure.

car-arresting device. A device that will stop and hold the

car with its rated load in the event of the failure of the wire rope, rack, pinion, or other car suspension means.

cathead. The structure for the support of the overhead

sheaves.

equivalent. Denotes an alternate design, feature, device, or protective action that provides an equal degree of

safety.

gross load (static load). The ma.ximum load imposed on

all rope by the platform, cage, car, or bucket and its rated load.

' Available from American National Standards Institute, Inc, 1430 Broadway, New York, N.Y. 10018.

’ Available from American Institute of Steel Constructioit, 101 Park Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10017.
kV*! Wi

"W

“•bifibnsfS iBnoiteH ryiaoheniA

to! #!n«rpi#tlupdR v^eteS

•«M xoi inatmtS? iit^d

oftf»i«Jini^t tWMI

y T: elatoH lehoisM^

'.; i .!' ,.f; ^^.4 V .< 1 % ^ >y

,/ •

»b«0 ki'! Ua(v*pt>^ tntlivT!^ i«3i>*‘ ri^^i

tl^i riot 1® (*oii |it »ti>«ki £ i»tm;UV q®5v\3 ,tiA (i» e<) *T»I4 iC :5 ,ri!iti-*t^r.»ca aiH

: Jj ?

;)4 ar>h»»1lr^ €.£ .OCIK .Tttdt'l .0«kaQ flia >c^t iitai)|i5fy;?>jjS ^ f Ci OlcU

,Z 5 fntt'tHf rt)!' lirtft i«vi 3ufl^ Ift avtfffihi iSw

d(]iohuU)i»'<] X

UwU (j*oaki/hr» utM/wfkrt Mil ^]tftkAU# «t4> nl

•fffnoa » ^(<# fvorCM/tckitv ^K£>o&A t»>»cny}i

i()mwtiui lu 9fficikuriuoim

9««ato ifco iR><3sKm uiWBtauo U.'At® />, lUrtoAni w.iM> w il»«) une Hf»ri

*4ff®ismb tuotuv 0t

iiikrt t^wlfacw i!rifQ(^ HtbfHk 4rff !k;w)II U

rkl«iu«(n i**©( t# m*t oJ b»«i,

^

i ^ il .«oliUt>«i»b

>

0 ^nottikaJkii )o nv.

*

, 08 IWf U*ik Wcinali tl^

fft h«?tT«K|o iiH •lou’rtfil (O-^

JMikbqltft koftkAil ma^mtuk <trtw »: • *«tK^

A J^TVl.*l»riA «i)®9kkA tff^iHiiatt 4T€l4rjAi ^ ,, j 5Ti.^ AT^i -^» i . riAiw«!cr<?i

In* iHV b^l^Jiwoa (£)

hirtMuuS iao)CAft(1 fi^wanA <Ohf

, ^

^ A , WiioH W> i»0»n va j a

•nolnoa rt( j!iMH» b«l^rtno» tfVtMilil (1) , •««)£ bubmiZ luahtcrt^ ikhr r^un

Twwfliiqqa^ IrtJbiibni .WCT*I 0(?A kkb

*otq vbfnnq ot # IhiAwrtijikIT 1

1

•ii nahtMpftT »m4} 10I ncJi94'^I,i V -tr RUiff)irvt« iln<]^ 4*m kinaitoi k»> 9tiv^ /aft « iifWowtott

'laiq • Ic |4ti|Mnic(ji,itai jari^'<uv>ti>iu/t ArrT .ii»\»ii!»

.awfrthm tth k J fi> tiUt • (f9> » . ctt»>*

9lb bfu <|OM QM ii*f jp^.hmuN a 5*^' ^ v;i «0 tf- jw. ^a1 trb to Ia$f9 9*k tt < *MN>> tii f(iiw u» .»»R*n* »rr>t4nj3^t« \m i^o k wiu»m«~ .wj>4.»jfw

o4» io j'ffifjqut »rti H-r siuiacnr/. wfT i»<s4if«3

S' a'

'4 rta !U

*»» t » fl4/ vRKlyff#UvJVvo

k* tfw^ Uv^ or ««l)( vi)iq faiirpjri;j4^;>vi4^« q^to

-;>n'

•awmv aM<) id Ht >r *] o> «B®i]«{»3t 5 4*R*mai>kv»b oiiii.i gnianolns adi fd bvin^ *4 f»w tUfMmgfm kiald »dn

,ibc»rtisoif» wdw>k i^tt V> or 'Oi^wo^^

rtn^ Mdkilv^lp# rsiif tittafo If M mjt* xtim iiid

‘ _ A91UO90 tdaioftt d - V.r Bt

' i

eihktifitia ktotcfsi) S

kfl

OP UU mfmiKitm ffH* ^IWvl d; *.i»* IntM #»oi|

,

aw rvtm-^4 jtti .tp* .ri«t*\£ci^*it^ \(o tiA*

im

'*W'

It5:i 4H(^ trtffeahlitttid 1^

.£.£ hiu tti bvidl Umbom* mK fiPut nountmt

*> <1

' porirnptmnpiiffr ku^(34iiKiu«M ir«»»tadC

t40TA

«i^( '/ ® .K^v

. j$n ,Mnkt*M rmitmA mcO) aMAMavA ^ 1 I flaoi fJ< jIk^Y wtt »^«Uodl CKA^

(
hoistway. A temporary shaftway — the space traveled by the platform or bucket.

hoistway enclosure. The structure that isolates the hoistway from all other parts of the building and on

which the hoistway doors or gates and door or gate

assemblies are installed.

inside hoists. Hoistways contained entirely within the building being served and which sometimes use the building structure itself for the support of the top

beams, guide rads, and appurtenant parts necessary for the proper functioning of the platform.

iive/luffing boom. A boom that does not operate on a fixed radius and is capable of vertical movement.

mast (tower). A vertical structure that supports and

guides the platforms or buckets (and the counterweight,

when used) on the outside of the mast structure.

material hoist. A mechanism for use in connection with

the hoisting of construction or demolition materials. It

is equipped with a platform, car, cage, or bucket that moves vertically on guide members.

platform. The load-carrying unit, including the frame,

that directly supports the load.

rated load. The maximum live load for which the hoist structure is designed to operate.

rope. Refers to wire rope only.

shall. The word “shall” is to be understood as mandatory.

should. The word “should” is to be understood as advisory.

tower. A vertical structure that supports and guides the platforms or buckets (and the counterweight, when

used) within or on the tower structure.

4.

Requirements for Hoist Towers

4.1 Construction. Structural members of material

hoist towers shall be constructed of strong, sound

timber, steel, or other structural materials.

4.2 Initial Inspection. Before the hoist is placed in ser- vice, and each time after the tower is extended, all parts of the tower or mast, cage, bucket, boom, platform, hoisting machine, guys, and other equipment

shall be thoroughly inspected by qualified and competent personnel.

4.3 Periodic Inspection. All sheaves, racks and pinions,

guy ties, bolt connections, miscellaneous clamps.

braces, and similar parts shall be regularly inspected

after the installation is initially placed in operation

and as required. (Monthly inspections are recommended.)

All broken, defective, and worn parts shall be repaired

or replaced immediately.

4.4 Car-Arresting-Device Test. Before the hoist is placed in service and every four months thereafter, a car-arresting-device test shall be performed in accor- dance with 1 1.9.6.

4.5 Design. All material hoist towers, masts, guys or

braces, counterweights, drive machinery supports,

sheave supports, platforms, supporting structures and

accessories shall be designed by licensed professional

engineers.

5.

Design and Construction of Foundations

Hoist-tower foundations shall be constructed to sup- port the tower’s intended live and dead loads safely

and shall not exceed the safe bearing capacity of the ground or floor upon which they rest.

6.

Erection

6.1 Vertical Alignment. Hoist towers shall be plumb.

6.2 Guide Rails. The guide rails of hoists shall be of

structural metal, or the equivalent, securely fastened,

and shall deflect no more than 1/4 inch under normal

operation.

6.3 Grounding. Hoist towers shall be electrically

grounded.

6.4 Hoist-Tower Enclosures. Hoist towers may be used

with or without an enclosure on all sides. However,

whichever alternative is chosen, applicable conditions

in 6.4.1 through 6.4.3 shall be met:

6.4.1 When a hoist tower is enclosed, it shall be en- closed on all sides for its entire height by a wire-screen

enclosure of not less than No. 19 U.S. gage wire or equivalent material, with openings not exceeding 1/2

inch, securely fastened to the tower structure, with

openings formed onto each landing. 6.4.2 When a hoist tower is not enclosed, the hoist platform or car shall be totally enclosed as set forth

in 11.7. 6.4.3 For hoists located outside of structures, the

enclosures, except those at the lowest landing, may be

omitted on the sides where there is no floor or scaffold adjacent to the hoistway. Enclosures on the building
f

^

'^<4

UK»<|f>T< yf ujusat ^ e»?cq Wl^inu txu f

f»oct-ro»iif» w h^tJQ ylulJiiw ti ni^UfJtflkaHlr '^rtit <^rt»awooc>n4li-itte^n^

'-T

”* &it»Wqil io

%i ?<W3H tdi> .l»T >:AvML^i^r^pTi/.'W> f>

» 4ilini)nnlio"»ly'^ iinb ^^*5*^'}

;, •wagt r -9»rJi<)>nK: li«fU tlni »aiv4t>*f«i^vfc-jnj^ ,*

lal»t\wp UA jo|>-‘9Q

“

brti sf^i^J^>in^^ ?j<?.ai ooirjrt ,inn<>ti»lq

.

I«n?»l»<Vte4<j b«r«U >#»» bwT' ra^' *•

isft iA'

b«j|by»if swqA «tJ r yBW’iwfe yvi»cqfm> A *vr^>n6oii

* dhtihod yo JttO itf

9 rtj M^alosf'Mjl^ vrutvtt^D s-'^f jwofoM /«w!

>o6Ji bht I'SJiift K» ift^ y*wii«>if «tf

»9i mt.dc

m<>i}ebtjiyo’^ )o i]oil)tiiiiAw3 bnu n^usCt, x

‘ 1 jut ^v kttohiunot ad U«4t ^i>}Mix>MiH)H

VM4M ,i)ii}f'W Urn. ^ r?-vo} eiii, noq

-_iu "^D r-x^ea^oUt ad: kdea*3 Jon li^fit bl*

j«yt <^iD ;la©bit coqu jooli w bnwoi|

^ ntilt»t3 .d

^d<rw^{ 9d tiMk m^'Oi ^rioXi .ta a^iryttA Usdti^y f

• to jH tUj<> ab'JJV '’^T Afufl aftiii’D vJA>

>4b|U' Hf * a iwr ‘ ^0*6 lijuSi b»ti»

-,|.

‘ tfCkfi- 7>^

<k*. yfiSorflJ*' ; '4U H> 'f/ ^ d

#

-* ItMP ->4 *gn» «awr; rrtaH <»(g4otiM3 rtij'I't

• > f^ in r 'i. r>o •'idr»tf.<it, ru; liWkd;/ a it* Aljw,

• I .wnc- a 'Mlif Utiil t » O !f>.«5|tt '«n ad uAtli >t »' it «MTt.-tir» V yd aVx' Jii>fj*iii v!f^ nbn no'biiots^^

!il^ « ww^ %i|>c J Pt ,o4 si4K(tm} 4 (w>>o

“^'u ^ )Ofl ifiiW X'hirfnr frif *d) (» bc<sO<l' jfhfXtrM ./tsJrtI

5

» 'iS»/wf (rttftr*'o>d*» bstr f*v1 jq^o'ouqo?' t*MHt *ft) '»'<*• »•»• H t f t d

rt»ioi lor Ml yibMotyd ^ik w- <> rcioD/i/q

t'MiH

OdT Vi IS>{I''

>rfyan.,ir<*|«i*‘ t^otuA* )q»M# .Utu.iok,n»

«i»4 ofru M«|li vtailsy^iiah^T aitj it|* «nia<wd ddf Ar ani^MarA <fiNHtbi) aift o/. inbiiibl

h>ij ^amiJatecrt^dw bm tovwN |i»p»d jntbtt»»*,>

adj )oi’i%yy« wij Kji «^xnli imbBiid ; icSi^-03?»d itjMq >itnr,tilUn *Utt?| . ftnkt^i

-mi<Ai*Jq *4^/ toqoiq »i^

c ar «;tt»qq wib A .«<»od

t KjaraiyW I»»;nav1(^i4d*qt> « iim nrUm bvtrt

baf id.'JbqqwA^dj •wwr>T^.ii,lir(W A v(Td’*yj) taaw

aib oiwy tiyji«»d >o M*»o\>#j(|L*i< ' sbitit

, rtVlipMfff 'uU aillAqiH*' '«iAw

diiw ^K^nAcis) /9r ^4 »tsT ffntntdaKn A jianI

'

j

1‘ .«Ui^4m.nr (JlkMTiTd iio:fa4rWiosi>D'inl»ibf«j4

^.

t; toi/dio ,j«si • rtiftw ho<t^^'pf

j:. ' ' -4 ' w

,

yrt) ^ftlMi4afl|,»»«v y*< ynt>b*o( oHT maolidq

' ? y

V?' Jwoi qib OK>q^ %ba*tib larti

^,

, r;i

^ «5>d «lt dalilw' vsUl boot »Al rmiinix^ arff iiMi tiolct

’

.aiintR^ oi baotbob A tiahmn

'

'.' ^

. iVr> >q<w rjtw oj rialaJI <

,',

li ^ ’’’^ -f*' |f>nabiui, »d A *lUilir. tmiw iia .Qw

-, k

" ‘

Ixwiii >tmu aid tl A '^fcKw<h“ Vi#w dift .blkodl

,{itkNr

-6«,

nii

M

tmd i«fl» 9tBioy9& Uoirw A aa^

aAt tJrH) lo

*' aiiAdxrtlt la'dnd lAi' iier w nWlM < haut^

.'

-ji ??

^ mwcT MkiH to) iiftonttriiOF^'

' kiMiBdi to nt4tmm U-tidatniE ,rtotnMfiMmfG .r> bmidt K(nu )p fadtsyvoida ad 4»dc uawpt itldH

,

riismtofn bnojsinif >a.i«»)i .Todii^

(II boMlq <> ilta^Ail] «nO)MI .mibaaqtfil liUinJ C>

it* ,b*fc !•>*« Ai(Wt»l idll'T*^ amti rb»> hnt.ab^a^l

idt} . iiiAKid .a|« ,iinfO lb lawoi adi to «*i«T

fiOMiHliubd M /aoiiiamn fniftiort .mwl

•mtff boa bsAiiiu^ ydb^aiqinf yMitmioA} ad UbAi

.tMiotniM) miMM;

(Ml Ahjn tfmA^ HA .artttaaqiaJ tWtoiaiy ,c.b

• n#miU»aAm lk>d ,«»17A(U|
Table 1 Minimum Sizes of Various Members in Wooden Towers

Capacity

Height from

Top Down

(ft)

Post

Sizes

(in)

Horizontal

Tie

Sizes

(in)

Diagonal

Brace

Sizes

(in)

Maximum

Tie Spacing

(in) Platform(lb) Bucket (yd^

To 500 Top to 72 4X4 1 X 6 1 X 6 6 500 - 72 to 198 4X6 2X6 1 X 8 6 1000 1/4 Top to 72 4X4 1 X 6 1 X 6 6 1000 1/4 72 to 126 4X6 2X6 1 X 8 6 1000 1/4 126 to 198 6X6 2X6 1 X 8 6 2000 1/2 Top to 80 4X6 2X6 1 X 8 8 2000 1/2 80 to 128 4X6 2X6 1 X 8 8 2000 1/2 128 to 208 6X6 2X6 2X6 8 4000 1 Top to 80 4X6 2X6 2x6 8 4000 1 80 to 128 6X6 2X6 2X6 8 4000 1 128 to 208 6X8 2X8 2x6 8

10. Requirements for Inside Hoists

10.1 Enclosure. The sides of the hoistways not used

for entrances shall be enclosed on each floor for their entire height with wire mesh or equivalent material and

reinforced to withstand a horizontal force of 100

pounds per square foot, applied at any point. The openings in the mesh shall not exceed 1/2 inch.

10.2 Covering at Cathead. Protective covering of heavy

planking shall be provided at the cathead of all hoists

to prevent objects falling down the hoistway.

11. Hoist Platforms and Cages

11.1 Prohibition of Riders. Workmen shall be prohibited from riding the hoist platform except for authorized inspection and maintenance. A sign shall be posted on the car frame or enclosure; NO RIDERS ALLOWED.

11.2 Rolling Equipment. When wheelbanows or other

rolling equipment are transported, they shall be held

securely in place on the hoist platform. The platform

shall be level with the landing prior to loading or unloading rolling equipment.

11.3 Overhead Protection. Overhead protective covering of 2-inch planking, 3/4-inch plywood, or other solid material of equivalent strength shall be provided on the top of every material hoist cage or platform to prevent

objects falling on the workmen loading or unloading

the hoist.

11.4 Hinged Covers. The protective covering on the top of the cage or platform may be made in hinged sec- tions that can be raised when long material is hoisted.

Hinged covers shall be designed and constructed so that they cannot strike any part of the tower.

1 1.5 Seeming Long Material. When a cage or platform

is used for long material, the several pieces of the material shall be securely fastened together and made fast to the cage or platform so that no part of the load can

fall or project beyond the sides of the cage or platform.

11.6 Slip-Resistant Floors. Platform floors covered

with metal shall have a slip-resistant surface.

11.7 Platform Enclosme. When a hoist tower is not

enclosed, the hoist platform shall be totally enclosed

(caged) on all sides, including the roof, for the full dis- tance between the floor and the cage top. The walls and the gates of the cage shall be constructed of 2-inch

No. 14 U.S. gage wire mesh, or the equivalent. The

hoist platform enclosure will include the required gates

for loading and unloading.

11.8 Load-Rating Plate. A load-rating plate shall be

attached to the hoist to indicate the live load capacity

of: (1) The platform with the cage installed (2) The bucket and supporting structure

11.9 Car-Arresting Safety Device. A car-arresting device shall be used with a material platform or a platform

installed in conjunction with a bucket, and it shall con- form to the requirements given in 1 1 .9.1 through 1 1 .9.6. However, under no circumstances shall it be required to

satisfy the requirements of American National Standard

Safety Requirements for Personnel Hoists, A 10.4- 1973.

1 1.9.1 The car-arresting device, when engaged, shall be capable of stopping and holding the platform with

its rated load.

1 1.9.2 The car-arresting device shall be securely at- tached to the frame of the platform or bucket in such manner that the platform will not become separated

from the car-arresting device under the conditions cited

in 11.9.1.
"

'“ ais^ij iKl# -01 ^

-’j

^ Pfio'-w ifyiPt^n^ iiiJ V r^^Mi 1^ .vd^rioS^I -

>t»Tf ijkii^i nJl biw WiT» w Hmkd nhir iOM'

^ ' <^'®-

•Aiflnt ><(l

, lis* T»(|^«®cu tar*»»>#1 yiMUttti^-/ ‘lu^y nedbutW oA>t/M of ftnoljui^ \c,^,fp ad.icl nmAtiki i:^< v«^ w ilai

I btitvia fffib1i<JQ :xi6o(l ^ H

jfW.if« 191 I^Kl, (fHM

lun V tt»w<jt imti i. fisifu -m»^o(j><>3r wl J\^

imolan* »4 IIU.ii‘inio1til^ JtvtoUtn*

ti6 Ua* wlf 10*1 ,H*‘‘ >4i ^ rft 1 *4it w »<n^ ,q«.i»f65 “Scli b}oi ;K><;lt &frU-i Sts ttai^iUA'iK* Ikl JU a^Hjb'niji/jtnii.’tf

r|Ttf ftdJ ly iiii»j^r -cM_. ta^i% b»au>»i is)^,

Wia

rU(k *ftt a |fi> (*>Wh)aJ M

Yrl9*^;.v bio# **i(i'V' wiai^fi/^'ttit'f*: o: h^rfinr-i^

t -

*'•' .'Sf'

iS}

i’ ?Mtft»*r**-7»--- A, ^;.n,.

i4mt *w4JW‘ri>^

*»j f^itfU- Cta let 'flu

»ww#« 'n

-/ t ^'W ‘ ^ .f JMt4w0 ’*«. j*ib»pgi^^ *,0I

ftiUOli §1(11^ |b{|^C9 9Wi ft bANVc»t|| tff Oa^ {nBlruilq'

, 'itm.9Vi^ tttkt imiid • /b^wif ul

V xi- . -m

' -' '' ft->

V.-f. .U

xtr -"H- iS^^o2iStwi<>H^ ;tr

i .

, ^

^ t, (ivrt^huW? Jt, *

®

^

4>ib u« ifi^' ifiJyidf 'tmitI b<i» WD4»*»|irt'b>irii

W .a\a»^-'k^»i IhniAril Wd «4i 00

,

' i-ffiep'. . «-.. V

»b>o’ )0,|won4dbafiw T^iiciW_ Jf|(*»f^ft}ji>li* gn^tbJI t-fl '^j-

<ino1j*l«5 (wft ,i|rv<j^>i[kbi'j4iikH^ •# iw Aais^ «1 yt»*

•btBf>t)D(.> 10 4^K»hq jKidlMlftl litvti *<Mti|C

^ibvtow^ b«*fW«0 .wlJaa) of? €. it

fYa4.4SOIA »ffifio»^H w1

'W.-h lhiji|iw/v«'« vfT’ f.fjlt,

iWf/ »<* «l|l||i4im« |rtffqcUr»vaMii<f^4d

,fcn>tbw.^r*

rn lai .<»i< »>|wil»

(V^Mfikyri ter !Ai»>*t^ *»> M^SH

VH 9iii \0:

t94k«V%''«>k| ^A«Vl

i£0i.‘

i^ ^#lMbNnq »d UaiO ifbiiom jmUt^i»| V I|^«»]

|i»M>Uiiq *0 tiM lUQuI UliMitij r*mit\u

|04.:»«oioi/ 1« ptMo«fa.4t«« 00 i^tui iiao^d^r

' ».P'-;'' ';,-S£ ,W®d4<tK

• '/i7j..'

tift> no iti*ew*0i> P<if6vikt-^$ifr jn>)/»<0 4*i4^ H I

g

4^uk4 a nt4k >^M|i wi iisQ^ /«tf}:'iiuwi

' ^id^UfU n»f| tin *>!bM miifa -1

4ju
1 1.9.3 Any platform used with a car-arresting device shall be capable of meeting the conditions cited in

1 1 .9.1 without resultant failure or loss of its load. 11.9.4 Any material hoist structure, including tower components, guide rails and their attachments, and any

parts affected by the action of the car-arresting device,

when subjected to the conditions cited in 1 1.9.1 shall sustain the platform with its rated load without structural failure. 11.9.5 The car-arresting device shall be activated by

a positive means in the event of car suspension failure,

and when engaged shall be released only by raising the platform from the stopped position. 11.9.6 Car-arresting devices shall be tested in accor- dance with 1 1. 9.6.1 through 1 1. 9.6.3. 11.9.6.1 For rope-supported cars the test shall be conducted in the following manner:

(1) Pull a loop in the lifting rope and attach the test rope to each side of the loop above the bucket or platform

(2) Raise platform or bucket to allow the load to be

supported by the test rope

(3) Cut the test rope to allow the load to fall and

activate the car-arresting device

1 1.9. 6.2 For car suspension other than rope sup- ported, the test shall be conducted by creating an over- speed condition of the car. 11.9.6.3 Structural components shall be in- spected for damage after the test and before the hoist

is placed in operation again.

12. Buckets

12.1 Work in the Pit. When men are required to work

in the pit, the bucket shall be shored on two sides with

timbers, or their equivalent, of sufficient strength to support the bucket. Timbers shall not protrude into an

adjacent hoistway.

12.2 Prohibition of Riding. Workmen shall be prohibited from riding the bucket except for authorized

inspection and maintenance.

13. Booms

13.1 Fixed Radii. All booms mounted on a material

hoist tower shall operate at fixed radii.

13.2 Live Booms. Live booms shall be prohibited.

13.3 Boom Location. Booms shall be located so that

at no time will a boom or its load be directly above the

hoist operator’s normal working position.

14.

14.1 Material Hoist Wire Rope and Sheaves

Breaking Strength. All hoisting rope shall be of

such breaking strength as to provide a minimum factor of safety of 7. The factor of safety (F) shall be calculated by the following formula:

where

S = Manufacturer’s rated breaking strength of one

rope N= Number of parts of rope under load

W = Maximum gross load

14.2 Wire Rope Inspection

14.2.1 Periods of Inspection. Inspection periods

shall be set up for each material-hoist wire rope. The

frequency of inspection shall be determined by consideration of environment, degree of hazard to materials,

frequency of operation, and the frequency with which

the rope is subjected to its capacity limits. Inspections

shall be made before initial use and not less often than once each month thereafter. 14.2.2 Method of Inspection. The entire working

length of the wire rope shall be inspected. Thorough

inspection shall be made of the rope sections that pass over sheaves, drums, or contact saddles, or which make

opposing turns. The rope close to end attachments shall be carefully inspected. 14.2.3 Inspection of Wire Rope on Idle Equipment.

The wire rope on equipment that has been idle or shut

down for a period of one month or more shall be completely inspected prior to operation. 14.2.4 Inspection of Surfaces Contacted by Wire

Rope. Sheaves, guards, guides, drums, flanges, and other

surfaces contacted by wire rope during operation shall be examined at the time of inspection. Any condition

harmful to the rope in use at the time shall be corrected.

14.3 Wire Rope Removal and Replacement

14.3.1

Wire rope with one or more of the following

defects shall be removed or replaced immediately:

(1) Corrosion.

(2) Broken wires:

(a) One or more valley breaks. (A valley break is a wire break occurring in the valley between two adja- cent strands.)

(b) Six randomly distributed broken wires in one

rope lay. (A rope lay is the length of rope along which one

strand makes a complete revolution around the rope.)

NOTE: If a broken wire or wires are localized in the end attach- ment of an operating rope and this condition may be eliminated by making a new attachment, this may be done instead of re- placing the entire rope.
fr k tUitv» bwu i^aX (Lf.t 1

i ttaniSbmtiii odt^ to vlc^qo ini tUii s ® luoAxi^

V{qA >.1,1 f

»»mJ2 bni t»qofl «rAl liIdH litisliW -t» - v, *

' "f!

" ' ’' «rt»iia>nt6st to vlctoqo. tUA

to a«cri 3io)if;idii‘(iA %wWlt fiitwwpg' ' <Ak*^wj,a» <1 itli|a*i/i tla«

<A >i»cAm «A' b»t7»Y\i

iQMtllkod «A AJ rt»(^

ImM b«tkf i)i 4i^ (Bi'M)\it^ »it) nittiwlt.' %'

* a"

C*^* sllao «4 **«te AtNpS^ T»fWr a

b«ol’i>bnu iKsfm ^ iiBl<;|1i' i»itmi^"‘.'^

Mc;5;

1.>J

•TO^

^ .Uf «;tf H|oa»* Alw anA

^1i)lA )»l tiAHtta l-,VCf I a S-"I ^

iftNolloJl ‘%ii; i# ,iw»»tM!«|if'«i ., ^ngpruk »<tOi «d» t tit'll (1)

'

•xm it,

liwilt*'! I f if! kr H^-'m nu* i«W4^Ww3« &* ibV ^ ^

»d *kit

>. t>f b*n.^*'*-*i£^?>tf u, rf.

Ow.lt*->- 'ItfW OIH . .'S^ .TJ “^O W0fco4€imrfl^’y i«ror

' A Y^,

lUblt aii-^a Ilit Ion btT<i «ttf te)lUx rviiiid ^t«tn »d Ur^

w 4bl> A:a» Of &qoi

,7>Mwn<<ti At'jfn

pifUtCt ^ ti/t/t« odT tX^f

• »,q ledtHkoif/o- :Vft (i#ri4 nOt--29rl|IO< ftAntt V-i it* ^> ,01^1^ w t^r<i

<ftA’rnnjttft':/'ilii bin 7> 4tfT’ >«r)k* gnltec^

tis.'p^i xtMfxtdbd

.?«•!» ijJtyS *tlil *ti*«»jaS( <Vlti^V> ocUaiK^rf

Ml A TO 4U:' rop., »tA troi 0« »V« *(fT

'iTtco «<:* (l[»it*^r-<u iO ittnotn fiiit 16 • ti>l i>V'ol> a w#tQ0^»},^Ul9

Tii’A >friTOij^^ M' H

MMlIu >A* ,»?>V^5 .i'wvt . AiitUjt .inyoD

Dit«|* (ivArxMA |NHtb,99Crt ngo )i4 bnMtmn J*s«')tsn /tiling IC nrA lA

is.^t:>i^ioa Qa.4»-^f lA ;i ifVf It.' aqcrr ibM ol i^irniut

or luNol »A moM ot iqoftiki «rti i*/^ it)

t,\. «dl sitvUfM'

ctttn tiiijo j^okn*^^ »b t.ive.1

'.f/\

® ’0 wo lit ^ootwoiWUiill iwto F .'ts9*AWrK>iiAii«0b««>4K'^' '-

tilbif *4t irto>^ tim IM tW)» ijwmb ioY bf

‘'’’:*^.V' J^[^|$./>olrf^w^O _

" ,a

a Alw *4 Unfit iW^ mU ,ti<| «A nif

, jtrtAnwf?# il»A w» nc >tni i<ii> tiMli Mffdmi^ .M^i *a1n

liwujrvfi'tnjV iuii, >«fCH(qttA iMfoH C.H

Ml Ip tiiTOi 10 tnic tOf* »qoi jiilW I .i.W ^15 jl(jqyiitHnir7 t4bMroiit«i M lltAiriaoi A

'

.Uihn t*9f<r^ (f?

•tit. ( frfftr Ri|ilhiuao4i

. ^ < j4>«iti tiwa

• r* aif^M t^MTObnfli^i (iT»

£i tui^iMniMrW 4^19 Vi til r

T0I rq*»4M MitMO *A |nltta mo41mltlCi(r

.

tmooS

fii]

r* ,)i

Mi«M« )m I * fnt /qi^i4.» M rinrWt^iiiMaitf iMrt *(|,<v» Wimm|4 p« if$\. mm 'a rsiM Ml |M^

X.

•

tS

kti»i«iii »‘4W l*ij^>rp. tmno4 flA iitMiH inxll. LU-

^ ^ IAIi^j^kA It ficmio Uiwl> nww uk)il

itti A XfiHMk ,inU 1

kiiU am bAM^ *4 ttnA wrki^ .JMitlioiJ mo*9 CU

4,lj|M|||gc,

i-A tTbtl* ^ U40i V1 10 m0i>4 « fl/i^ Mil uo )it ^ fubhow iMmoa i^ourvwyo »lotl

(jjw i£<*
(3) Abrasion: Abrasion, scrubbing, flattening, or peening causing loss of more than one-third of the ori- ginal diameter of the outside wires.

(4) Kinking: Severe kinking, crushing, bird caging, or other damage resulting in distortion of the rope

structure.

(5) Heat damage: Evidence of any heat damage re- sulting from a torch or caused by contact with electri- cal wires. (6) Reduction of rope diameter: Reduction from

nominal diameter of more than 3/64 inch for diameters

up to and including 3/4 inch, of more than 1/16 inch

for diameters 7/8 to 1-1/8 inches, and of more than

3/32 inch for diameters 1-1/4 to 1-1/2 inches. (Marked

reduction in diameter indicates deterioration of the

core.)

14.4 Wire Rope Installation. Hoisting ropes shall be in- stalled in accordance with the wire rope manufacturer’s

recommendations. The hoisting ropes shall be secured

to the drum, counterweight, or platform by clamps or by an approved equivalent means.

14.5 Drums and Sheaves

14.5.1 Pitch Diameter. Pitch diameters of drums

shall be a minimum of 24X the nominal rope diameter.

The drum flange shall extend at least 2 inches radially

beyond the last layer of rope when the platform, cage, or bucket is at the highest point of travel. 14.5.2 Rope Turns on Drum. The winding drum

shall have not less than three turns of rope when the platform, cage, or bucket is at the lowest point of

travel. 14.5.3 Wire Rope Grade. All hoisting wire rope

shall be improved plow steel grade or stronger, and

equal in flexibility to 6 X 19 classification wire rope. The joining of hoisting ropes by splicing is prohibited. 14.5.4 Clearance at Cathead. There shall be at least 4 feet of clearance between the cathead sheave and the

hoisting-rope fastening on the platform, cage, or bucket

when either is at the uppermost terminal or landing. 14.5.5 Sheave Groove

14.5.5.1 The arc of the bottom of the sheave groove shall be smooth and concentric with the bore or

shaft of the sheave. The centerline of the groove shall be in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the bore or

shaft of the sheave above.

14.5.5.2 Sheave grooves shall be machined or

cast, providing the bottom of the groove has a radius subtending an arc of 150 degrees and conforms to Table 2. 14.5.6 Minimum Sheave Diameter. Load-bearing

sheaves for wire rope shall be grooved to accommodate

the rope and shall have a diameter at least 20X that of

the wire rope. For minimum tread diameter of sheaves

Table 2

Groove Radii for New and

Reconditioned Sheave Grooves

Wire Rope

(nom dia) Groove

(min)

Root

Radius (max)

1/4 0.140 0.150 5/16 0.170 0.180

3/8 0.205 0.215

1/2 0.265 0.275

5/8 0.330 0.340

3/4 0.390 0.400

7/8 0.460 0.475

1 0.525 0.540

1-1/8 0.585 0.600

1-1/4 0.655 0.670

Table 3

Minimum Ratio of Rope Diameter

to Sheave Tread Diameter

Diameter Minimum

of Hoisting Tread Diameter

Rope of Sheaves*

(in) (in)

1/4 5 5/16 6-1/2

3/8 7-1/2

1/2 10 5/8 12-1/2 3/4 15 7/8 17-1/2

1 20

1-1/8 22-1/2

1-1/4 25

•Based on 20X rope diameter.

see Table 3. (The diameter of a sheave is measured at the bottom of the grooves.) 14.5.7 Prohibition of Fiber Rope Sheaves. Sheaves

intended for use with fiber rope shall not be used with

wire rope. 14.5.8 Defective Sheaves. Defective and worn

sheaves that may cause equipment failure or damage

to the wire rope shall be replaced. If pUlow blocks are used, they shall be mounted on top of beams and se- curely bolted. Open bearings shall not be used.

14.5.9 Prohibition of Snatch Blocks. No snatch

blocks or hood-type sheaves shall be used on any hoist tower. 14.5.10 Sheave Material. All sheaves shall be of steel, or the equivalent. 14.5.11 Sheave Bearings. All sheave bearings shall have ball or roller bearings, or bearings lined with babbitt or other equivalent bearing metal.

14.5.12 Bearing Lubrication. Sheave bearings shall be provided with adequate means for lubrication. 14.5.13 Bolt and Pin Specification. All bolts and
fttn iSi (-f u«»i»7

/rftj*?!

•:i ;:4;i'40fa MOs' ' ;e.l iiw ' 0:^

•'^».0 iIL&

0«d0

ata.6

ttCP

WLt>

(Kixs

Olt^

•ift W t«o't idmtto

aiqiW h^T<> fiio»i>^i«ll> J*i pAiUtm ft*Miitito 'i«l»» W

r #>

®'"'-y s;|Mmst( ^).v

i>j«wii»9,^;l)«»^ it w»fl

£ttU

t^»4i

iWlMgl-l

^•ifbT

i3l9fiuii(i? •uiT W«WR«l»ifTiHijM hctftT ’hmi‘<'i <W

wr^laeSF

*^ynt»;l2.t»'

'*j*<

<i!>_

‘ii&fiV |1^:'£nj:^ . «yn|i{)o 'Ht^ibtilaitt iwit'i

SJi' ^w*i»'' lw» <»' l^t„,c ^

,.^i' tS' 1 4 or #\ nai »9^' ri*,

'

Kfe 1& wWW»<» i#40«!%/fli

-01 p4 a^ie »|i^'3cri.ii0FV'40*^ K

,'ba?puaoj W ti^ , -

-.y-o ^

'' ;» ''iH

' 'A

" «Pi':i»43^

,-^; 4stit«ii''r »M*r ,a*iti ^

****^*’'^ jwi«dii* «noT l.tJlf * tt»^ V»i- M

file'

''

ms*^ ,ep»M(S& li^f5

djfv toiof »o JOi'

r

tlftailb |«* ar^iUjM^' ^^*<7Wjj|</p» <^*ms) rtV*Wii rw & ^

f^'i inw. »ol ot •okiHM Y»<ii

Ji».A i tM# JiW-.1fc‘i4 lt^i>

' r>»iw t^ iliod yn§ ,ft<t uma *0 iM'

«(»; bO« (Nfrkfil «At «*iM^ xrit>l«*io1^

J*st9M<'»o .*^» ^*1411^ lirti |BK» r«t«M*4

iT

-frtiimHi'lii^^ *0 hM *0^

.':.

r, v' „.,

'"’ „ iM)OT;y:sOiiil|'

' »^r 90 H ntotM •«<* ' J

.

10 *»^o^ ««»jbi|w i^AiUoOji^j^ M'o^c^

.

1M% ^^'l00>^'*i«& >0 »«4J»,»40« f

^ 'Aiiii. lotto^ 6iiV1o l<j(| iil^ wtU3ibo»<|i(ih^‘»ftt»^'V^ •0"' *

. • '-.Itlth ^ np^' iPM<»40'|4.W-

' .•«KPip*.f<I, UMk wt ?«i£ ,iM»liMi|^iitel I ,|j*t ,.*Cl' **^l*5, " ;: .OOlrtB+UJ^ «Q»^ 4i»W W«WP fi #VBI< lUA U» w

^ .'

,. ' > ^»w]

"•—
pins securing sheaves and drums shall comply with

AISC S3 10, Feb 12, 1969 (see 2.3).

15. Wire Rope Fastenings

15.1 Wire Rope Attachment. Ropes shall be securely

attached with drop-forged steel wire rope clips and

thimbles or other approved equivalent fastening devices. When extra wire rope is carried on top of the frame of the hoist platform, a drum and clamp tie- down or equivalent-type anchoring device, which will not damage the wire rope, shall be used.

15.2 Qip Number, Spacing, and Torque. The minimum number of wire rope clips, spacing of clips, and

tightening torque of clips shall be in accordance with

the instructions of the clip manufacturer.

15.3 Retightening of Clips. After the rope has been

in use for a maximum of one month, at each inspection

the nuts on all wire rope clips shall be retightened to

the torque recommended by the clip manufacturer.

Qips work loose because of oscillating tension stresses

as well as vibration, and shall be checked periodically

for tightness.

16. Hoisting Machines

16.1 Capacity. Hoisting machines shall be designed,

installed, and maintained to raise and lower vertically the rated load plus the weight of equipment and ropes.

16.2 Brakes. The hoisting machine shall be equipped

with brakes capable of stopping and holding 125% of

its rated hoisting capacity under all operating conditions.

16.3 Stability. The hoisting machine shall be secured

in position so as to prevent lateral movement, shifting, or dislodgment.

16.4 Location and Arrangement. The location and ar- rangement of the hoisting machine, tower, and related sheaves shall be such as to assure proper wrapping of

the wire rope on the drum to prevent “overriding,”

fouling, improper spacing, or any other condition that

will cause damage to the wire rope or hoisting machine

16.5 Manning. The hoisting machine shall be attended

by the operator, who shall not leave the controls while

the load is suspended or the master clutch is engaged.

16.6 Blocking and Bracing. Blocking and bracing shall be provided between the hoisting machine and the tower to prevent the transmission to the tower of any

unbalanced lateral forces resulting from the pull of the

hoisting ropes.

16.7 Machinery Platform Rails. When hoisting machinery is set on an elevated platform, the platform

shall be designed and constructed to support the in- tended load without failure and shall be provided with

guardrails and toeboards that conform to American

National Standard Safety Requirements for Scaffolding,

AlO.8-1969.

16.8 Hoisting Rope Guards. Hoisting ropes within 7

feet of floor or ground shall be guarded by an enclosure

or fence.

16.9 Gear Guards. All gears on hoisting machines shall be guarded in conformity with American National Stan- dard Safety Standard for Mechanical Power Transmission

Apparatus, B1 5.1 -1972.

16.10 Prohibition of Multiple Unit Operation. No more

than one platform, cage, boom, or bucket operated by

any one hoisting machine shall be in motion at the same

time.

16.1 1 Brake Drums. Brake drums shall be kept free of

oil, grease, or any other substance that reduces their ef- ficiency.

16.12 Mechanical Brakes. Mechanical brakes shall be

so installed as to stop movement of the winding drum

and shall be equipped with a positive acting device, de- signed as part of the hoist, that will hold the brake in the engaged position.

16.13 Ratchet and Pawl. Each friction-clutch-driven winding drum hoisting machine shall be equipped with

an effective pawl and ratchet capable of holding the rated load capacity when it is suspended.

16.14 Engine Exhaust. Internal-combustion-engine

exhaust pipes shall be arranged to exhaust away from

workmen and from combustible materials. A muffler

shall be installed to reduce the noise.

16.15 Fuel Cans. Safety cans shall be used for handling

fuel for internal-combustion engines. When gravity-type

fuel systems are used, a cutoff valve shall be installed between the internal-combustion engine and the fuel- supply tank.

16.16 Refueling Precautions. Open lights, flames, or spark-producing devices shall be kept at least 25 feet away while intemal<ombustion engines are being re- fueled, and no person shall smoke or carry lighted

smoking materials in the immediate area. The engine

shall be stopped during refueling.

16.17 Fire Extinguishers. An all-purpose fire extin- guisher for Class A, B, and C fires, which meets the
* »

m

i

••'’•V C

i{t» %o

^ >»

#v. 3»^ lalw

MKj q»4

'^' *8^' cp»ll*<f --T ^

-nf^iTXniimj* !»:'

IT*vr ilit# IMF

ilk Oi «t'r4M»d«oi t»ft» 7e) ii2!|9smi^'uQ|>«>9 l>'wlvn^l£

ui*M

® ;

" i- : 0,- iti^b hrJm^^ ^mi St m'^ujsxn^'i

jij" |*4*w*H *•*_

STUe- -Jb<» ts Vd t>si)\*m jw?'ftd5f >p 'Wj^dinn''

.jlM

/•:-. ^ '

-« *1 ^ n^‘4»*|^'

r, v«^5ab»fei J004 fd> V:- i

' y-^- "h

^!|^^ia3tal:im5uod jtd rit^ 9A

noM'MittiT -iioj bi|k5iil|f

.nin aiil'i -mtn qilQ^'t-t 1'^- :

i!8

o;

•lom oK iHu&e‘.'>^<i MjiiS ^ihfistk/ltf OF <(Hi vd bMn«qo ip

»mu 9dJ i» tiofiiv^ e: o’ a® '.»ilJdi n in I4j»0 iftM «F BkV aiMfc wbi8 -i, ft* itaiU iiitit vantijt'tu* yviio -m »o ,9»!Wf-,Ue

. “,, ,v3«i»iias

mip

,i#!wJ Mil W-jmci;i

1 ' >^'V

" ' 'L .

' •.' '•...* '^”

.liTlSfll'il

t>vpl

«J sn^4i4d y, n/t It? ii«F» 1^' Ptm • R«,i|

>' k'

I'v/' »# Suil K»4iruF ^4rtl[ tMwNt»^-

' iCt.'4:i nunt j/aitiiw/ *iil ^

Kmnevvonr fCint on m

•«0 .c:-f> 3.%oit» ^

ni sfw*4 rit»P «Mtl Vo !•«<} m4mi^

ij ,r:o^mq >»^|«s|o» *»WI

imwSH#U44>'iis^ '

(Dh*’ im<^A>p9 »d ifuM^

9rW l£L) .4 lo fli' a.; yt^irqsa b«ot toiift

li&

»d:’{lA/fe iPipti 7‘aoMt

fiR>r bat oM^to^W

' :. .. . ,/*'* -. .

.'^'

ib Hfeo# viii*tt^kkSU ^

\ S'- '^L'

S!*-

. .«0|h9

«l ikdkijU/Lom . vjU)dM% €31 j idi OJ U(b«rtii'w» «nrt» ifiMl t»i »<m

9»mipA »oV £»ttr' W Ibdi waa .: ^ "^' M »w"' »<W-HtJf*%i| »MW nxdm44bii>iBk^icu k^ ImA

^

-JM»%*®nA w^’iM|lMic>3t^

*-'-• ' '"

'^' lMt»' fW 1^

f»*W

< >{«* W 'jpuaa^' 'f

'

MAiOf»» |(iJM>l')» 'iMl) OC.iliiiM .^*3

*1 tM> Acu^oi |«»KJa»4' «<f]r

'

«d« vipiim

llbrAU) Idi

'Ml *di bna i^in* Mi«i>l«io{>^ifinM7t!(i *Pt. J9wrvi|^

l_‘

,

to MimB

m) ti mal i» inub ttobnt

M03I4* M^i'

Miditf XtttfkV' taiPm tb^ «M)iva m

mao^ «tff pp hi «iA(mi4o^

~*.$niPtifvl'anhifh.f^ mF IMk'

mvfHfiiirttt fl3f

•4i uwm tiftHw jmfl y ttfu. M-jk (Mil. uAettiQ :> m ' •

Jmtqp* 4 tbutb ifiiM) «ib 10

.. ,r *-,1

' fiV '.^’

‘ ila4i|‘m;«id IM 4tAb«ifl pm I3I

" .4b Mmpbam ptim4 «4i ffffwffd t>^Ua«|t4;^..^_ «KH Vo wwoJ «ib at iKkMrmoani mV it

L
requirements of American National Standard Installa- tion of Portable Fire Extinguishers, Z1 12.1-1974 (2nd

ed) (NFPA No. 10-1974), shall be part of the hoisting

equipment.

16.18 Hoisting during Maintenance. Material hoisting

shall not be carried on while men are engaged in erection, maintenance, or repair of the hoisting machine.

16.19 Daily Inspection. All hoisting machines, including brakes, gears, levers, and wire rope, shall be visually

inspected daily. All broken, worn, or defective parts

shall be repaired or replaced when discovered.

16.20 Electrical Equipment Protection. Electrical equipment shall be grounded in conformance with

American National Standard National Electrical Code,

Cl-1971 (NFPA No. 70).

16.21 Direct-Coupled Machine Brakes. Electric-motor,

direct-coupled-drive hoisting machines shall be pro- vided with a mechanical automatic motor brake, or an

equivalent device, to hold the load automatically in case of power failure.

16.22 Rack and Pinion Drives. For rack and pinion

drives the pinions and rack shall be of steel with a minimum safety factor of 4. The drive may be located on

the counterweight or on the platform.

16.23 Hoisting Machine Location. The hoisting machine shall be located so that no part of it or its enclosure extends into the hoistway.

16.24 Power Failure Disconnect. Electric-motor-operated hoists shall be provided with a device to automatically disconnect all motors from the line upon power

failure and not permit any motor to be restarted until the controller is brought to the off position.

16.25 Machine Controls. Hoisting machines of more

than one-drum capacity shall have bank or console controls.

17.

Operator Qualification

When required by law, each operator, before starting the job and at least annually thereafter, shall obtain a physician’s certificate of fitness.

18.

Protection of Operator

18.1

Overhead Protection. The operator of a hoisting

machine shall be provided with overhead protection

equivalent to tight planking not less than 2 inches thick.

The support for the overhead protection shall be of

equal strength.

18.2 Enclosure, The area occupied by the hoisting machine and its operator shall be protected from the ele- ments and shall be heated in cold weather.

18.3 Prohibition of Open-Flame Heaters. No openflame heaters shall be allowed inside any operator’s enclosure. When other types of heaters are necessary, they shall be properly vented.

18.4 Heater Requirements. Heating systems shall be

installed in compliance with American National Stan- dard Safety Requirements for Temporary and Portable

Space Heating Devices and Equipment Used in the Construction Industry, AlO. 10-1970.

18.5 Lighting. Lighting adequate for maintenance and

operation of the hoisting machine shall be provided,

but in no case shall it be less than 5 footcandles.

18.6 Glass. All glass used in the operator’s enclosure

shall be safety glass, or the equivalent.

19. Signal Systems

19.1 Hand Signals. Hand signals may be used on a sin- gle drum hoist when the hoist tower does not exceed

50 feet in height provided that the signals are clearly

visible to the operator at all times.

19.2 Electrical Communication. A closed-circuit electrical communication system shall be used when the height of the tower exceeds 50 feet and on all multiple

well towers regardless of height.

19.3 Speaker Location. The electrical intercommunication system shall be a two-way system with a speaker

located at the hoist operator’s position so that he can

hear from and talk to each station.

19.4 Electrical System Protection. All wires and devices used in connection with the signal system shall be

protected from the weather.

20. Indicators

A positive system shall be used to indicate when the load has reached specific positions.

21.

Electric Motors

21.1 Motor Installations. Motor installations shall be

made in accordance with provisions of applicable local
>6 vS frfb Tol n(H)i^ «fl

i» ..;” «v

'-*! 90. 410^ lmor««*$ id »adi»

. ofr^Jaaw' fclwai

^

OftX) US M|(i nup ^ 3

ml*|£i(!l' tij'lir n(M| «l A^l^' f

""

i»>.- _ :,11 g" ,.

'

'

. " „ , w

,^wpW9ir CK miltMi'"|^ ' - ,bftiai# »li*i'toi«:

fW' J.

'

-nuiS imiHt*** iteW Bswtqinoa^iji £»-«|itiit^"

a ifli «; tawtJ' >iw(H^j>f5a .l^ftc 'vpa^

tw ’VipUSUktOKm k3

irtf II) n^4Ti><|flf. ^tt/i«oiociV I ojeju enf «c( tjt (Bustt m

,!S ^ -

tfrOobfir Aoiftt0q« aifi Ai fc«£u !tA JhuiR) ^Sl

,3tmti<iiffji^ itii to y>9h« «d |«n«

k'*'* mim^

•otE « £tD lcm« ad xwetirtfi bmaH Akit||S ImmH t .^1®

btaireal’^ ttitJ |iii 0ntt)it rmnb a^g

•flWMD 9t» <fdd hM babf*dtq jiri^a<li Al t«g^ 02, .»anrt (U' »• KfiBWiA ,»i0 0$ aWiSiw

,y

V5V ; , 0,^la^,Wi^S^^ft4(}0 :

*'

.. .. ;^<=t, JWftiO’ wwoq 1fii‘ Su9

i|ftii^,|)f fl' '^mhQ Ao^ b«tirM|fCtil

„ »<f Safe r',ut4tc-4«Ki|: »iO |Mf t»ftt > ioO "ii loiatl Yt«l!ti rmiM ®-

-itte tiiy»»>i«9ota A -W)4»JSinAMitgi«I?t kalit»t>iS t;9I

9& iMm a4 <W4f iidtK5MWJW»«w^ Uahi

«4q;rll4iB ik no ]>ii|: ‘«ol 0% i«wq1 mO k k|i«(

k 6t4&i»|*} 7 )«pAiO th*

IK '

' .TJ ^'tfT'^-^iAUAwU

•’ 4*bq« I (Jr a imn^ x*^'<*’*'*:;* ^ frtwr^ natt

(ti>«tt/i]»/^ rikut ii'’lt;^:«t4

SI -^,

' ' it tvU »TW» tlA o«fhAM5*i*t(fHE Mo!hJi:»»f1t

IXsfii otitiTt t'JtJH' ns4^Ptidna!ji ifi !>«*«), itah

^wfi' gaikiAltf' tiilt' . >oJant eije i«*q; m de tiaik

^ 3oj3 .^;-

t*wf00^;l((J^i, A<ll=ii|»^.IWkW

"

ttJfflW t^auiii. •#. « jW«h» i !«t ^Kvfl btwfii

: ,.. ''' '.# *J lOUot

i> ,j^ -«sii5..r -'^;.* ;:^l'^- ^iV tuMn 1» irauieic^ ^(c\imO affUMl,

’ttmakmxa'^ i&M m4 JlAita ^i

gr'f'

adit' fncri\ tisiMicm

13

•<*' *u«(pH?n» k'Wktffifeif' Bnft^w AiiUpahlA

•.loittft/'j asai biUtf**

f'lKttlAadiyitt'p •KMtniiOff

•^WI^ItokNl l^ '{d fci»ilafN»^'p«f#.

,

n muttk teJ' ,

. ,.,3;,' ,»' I

. IAI':; ;.

' '1^ ni,^ J

t g : ftcAoM asktj^r^ .t£^

'I’- ll V-*' *A ‘>A l .fC

ur^af Usc*t<m^ti mbt- # 44#^

> . v.|| 7

. ft. . ,’ .

' t^BiilMiO^W' iioikKilfi^'r ^ **'ij

•*%««a»4f k%admm> ftlw babihmit. ad lUilk tiuAa^ : Jt4tAi MrtMti I earn 'fni^ttydgtiUMkl

>1A
codes and American National Standard National Electrical Code, Cl-1971 (NFPA No. 70-1971).

21.2 Switches. Only enclosed switches with grounded

cases and fuses or circuit breakers shall be used.

21.3 Control Panels. Control panels shall be enclosed,

and unauthorized persons shall not be permitted access

to such panels.

21.4 Emergency Electrical Cutoff. An emergency means shall be provided within reach of the operator

to cut off the electric power.

22.

Landings and Runways

22.1 Design. Landing platforms and runways that connect the hoistway or tower to the building shall be de- signed and constructed to sustain the maximum intended

load without failure. Metal-covered floors or platforms

shall have slip-resistant surfaces.

22.2 Railings. Railings and toeboards that conform to American National Standard Safety Requirements for Scaffolding, AlO.8-1969, shall be placed on the open

sides of runways connecting the tower to the structure.

22.3 Overhead Protection. All landing platforms where

workmen may be exposed to falling objects shall be

provided with a solid overhead protection composed of

2-inch planking or the equivalent.

22.4 Barricades. A barricade shall be required at each

landing. The barricade shall extend a minimum distance

of 6 feet laterally along the outer edge of the landing

from each side of the hoistway or runway and shall ex- tend a minimum distance of 36 inches above the level of the landing, runway, or structure floor. The material

used for the barricade shall be of No. 19 U.S. gage wire

mesh, or the equivalent, with openings not exceeding

1 /2-inch.

22.5 Working Platforms. Working platforms of ample

size and strength, and railings and toeboards that con- form to American National Standard AlO.8-1969 shall be built at each level where men are required to work,

such as bucket dumps and hopper headers.

22.6 Housekeeping. Access to and the arei around

landings and the hoisting machine shall be kept clear of rubbish and waste material.

22.7 Prohibition of Material Storage. Materials shall not be stored on landing platforms or landing runways.

23.

Capacity Statement and Design

23.1 Design. All material hoist towers, masts, etc, shall be of such design that maximum intended loads will not stress any members beyond safe limits established

by applicable engineering formulas.

23.2 Booms and Auxiliary Equipment Loads. The design shall provide ample strength for loads imposed by

the use of booms attached to a tower or mast. Where,

in addition to the loaded platform or bucket, auxiliary

equipment or other load-bearing devices are supported

by the tower, the tower shall be built to withstand

these additional loads and stresses safely. The rated

load, specified by the manufacturer, shall not be ex- ceeded.

24.

Revision of American National Standards

Referred to in This Document

When the following American National Standards re- ferred to in this document are superseded by a revision approved by the American National Standards Institute, Inc, the revision shall apply:

American National Standard Safety Requirements for Personnel Hoists, A10.4- 1973

American National Standard Safety Requirements for Scaffolding, AlO.8-1969

American National Standard Safety Requirements for Temporary and Portable Space Heating Devices and

Equipment Used in the Construction Industry, AlO. 10- 1970

American National Standard Safety Code for Dumbwaiters, Escalators, and Moving Walks, A17. 1-1971,

including Addenda A17. la-1972, A17. lb-1973, and

A17.1C-1974

American National Standard Safety Standard for Manlifts, A90. 1-1969, including Supplement A90. la-1972

American National Standard Safety Standard for Mechanical Power Transmission Apparatus, B 15. 1-1 972

American National Standard National Electrical Code,

Cl-1971 (NFPA No. 70-1971)

American National Standard Installation of Portable

Fire Extinguishers, Z1 12.1-1974 (2nd ed) (NFPA

No. 10-1974)
fij^nO bm ^ -:i^ )Mai><t»l2

tk4k'yMi>.,ai4ci tP^Ji mnP ^tMt'ki (iA'' ^|tJ^ -t^€X ^ ^

iodrts/'ir nittOTUcrt-Ma); 0|^u»ti 1ci 'ft#

'

Stint! li^ dno/ft# eiitHarim vno wxu ft»a

AlNlt

."'XT' 'Tl •ftb 4jpjl*M»J\fntiiftj<ja»pa y^/auAifli<ift airr0o#^£.4£

jrt^ffV l^ u:^0l f 01 Snooo ^ ftftV Mi)

ftSt/UlH iw flS6')}|l^.|^|I..J 9

!vaa»rWiM

IgMit . 5M<^Ka -aand.lvf Airt»\^,iWUftVuft4rt 9 r!!*£^^ UKit

,)i ;;t fl»*4W0

Qkfll

t»bmM»t| 1^’miMSJm Mfeo<9«» 'iCfnO £. i£

;

Uaili tn#wd «Mu1 bttiL'iitnt i

.#«k»iiiR9 M!.aiir^tkiM|.'kn lotii^'' cit:

f»#»t. bliltnnMi id ku; H«ii tMt

oJ*"

r.b loiiiii^o »4> W4si«i Miftm'

.»MinsNq otsoftt^ no 1^ or

,

mi

hire i^nibxuiJ St

fv

«L

iliii>fjfta2 lirnofhtVI natei «oH r Inopiui fitl i/ilT fti tti bsTjo^t^

Si-oo>iMti «y«wnM

ib.Mi |AU>ftisd Ml) *> viwnfwl roin

btbdrftiftii dtomiJl^ ftjrfT Of ^!i«fam^09 b. j. bMq#l<

ttrnotfijq M iriooh Irft^^ loo/ftrw |!#k>i

'

'

• -, L^ _ . .... 1 ,^— - 4saBMlM« iaiaiiM>i^'^4d UMl'

••1 iffrroTiftH fljtawfvitjA' fr.f^JloS mD omIW

tdtpdJMvi'si; 9 »i>

•vkfq|‘Bjt?fe jfflt ,a«l

or mfiiawi iftkr ilrfjt^lW hioo .t|;iintj| ^moi&sj|<

io)uciBiniR#^»il W>njd2

. nwjoinbi ft{& W mH ird^OMOH^ ‘Vo MbU'

'"

' ‘

lilfKrff Ivoqottft^

lo! umeuniup:^ '(tmit. UiiiiifiMi!l(1tipw

Vo boio(|f»BO aoih)«roiq tmihf^ blht » 0iyt

^ 0

1

A l:A. Vffl

adll^lO irdAlKI^ {i

doM ra Imiofft} •# ilirii ilininotf A Jt’ibaoliplj^ hStW

(OV « 'tat-^2i;ip«j| v)rVi8 iiubflKtcl {p3oUiV! Aa^r^oiA lai^rauAittR s botuxft Uaift d>a:)mad.ain‘

t.'U 034VV'’ jilUtMlH *3*q^

'- > ,Y30hUi nl X 'W»»i

• 4«4V VO*)

, I f #‘vl ^ |A 43tdW $nivtiU fc«ir!Iiwku.aofl ,rMi*«

bob JLW' *Oli y L* ^orMboi

At«i^>i.nAo

ip vafi lolf hottiiw^ t)3“n£ ItmAimM mnvuinH

-oK vV f

ifift m^hwaA

X ‘'i -l Vi -. SWUiilJibA - 4m. »tlMi*tl T ,V||ri»a1 U>iOO^

,>li«0 ta«ita(il3 iaf^^ qiuiitmA

j>.** Vb fk^ialkiMi) biotMiaMt iaw>a«i1 aowimiA

AWi<J»f^4' mM* If ; li.»i«ftUM|n.c4dr«#f

)g#tri>a( Mtl ^ i|Do Voo Mb |trol* xUnwlil ’>«) ^ V#

v««nui.ro Mti Vo al4t

Iftvoi ftd) MtoOji M|h4 l^c* miimtoiin 4 ^)t»)M)i it!t .rooO nin*Mnnr M>,y»ffBn ^fcibqiif Mil loj

i##' 9ia§ .84^ ^ ( >oH 1# ii^ Haitr ^&<«rjnw! M#f b«(d’< ftt»ii«a;Qi rofi q|aiitM|o #Hr

^

lo.ttiaw,

|.i Jarn^Hl

® ‘rfr

' ’Si ^ -' ^ dqi0 VoftnrvoVjolq|al;AoW 21 Xt

ijftos ruli ibuoilio} biM i«oiDa) boi ,*tr«ftinli 1^ atit ^

Uaiir Wi-UQtA buVwMli iiibOtiaH emci i 4)«njf or boUujioi tu omo <hmN 1o«^ <l(w» >i Jlttrd W

.mboM vMiqo4 b<si Krmitb )»)bw! to rl>w‘

kuioiUi Afttf sdtl biu or momA

uiio rqtA ftf fiUdb noiiiMni ihlafnit arb b<u 'i<iibr)«l - ;

•

'. “£ i

' 1

. Misgm bm rinddia Vo ,,,, •* f .-vTv, .'..irt S' j ..a

'<•

titvwMn fdiad to ffmoktia^ fpibmt no bfiost •# ron

K'i:\
A. 3 Excerpts from

Safety’ Requirements for

Concrete Construction and Masonry Work

American National Standard ANSI AlO. 9-1970

American National Standards Institute

New York, New York

The excerpts from ANSI AlO. 9-19 70 are reproduced herein by permission of the

American National Standards Institute,

1430 Broadway, New York, New York 10018.
f .1 -f . OU Vtoiija • »l.T4r»®w€
6. Formwork Construction

6.1

General. Section 6 deals with the design,

releasing, and raising of formwork. It also

deals with the design, fabrication, and handling of forms. Formwork must be adequately

designed, erected, supported, braced, and

maintained so that it will safely support all vertical and lateral loads that may be applied

until such loads can be supported by the

concrete structure.

6.1.1 Good housekeeping shall be maintained at all times, and stripped lumber and

materials intended for reuse should be cleaned

of nails and wire and removed from the immediate work area. 6.1.2 Lumber, concrete, form hardware,

and other materials shall not be permitted to accumulate on walers, scaffolds, and walkways.

6.1.3 Fire protection shall be provided in areas where wood forms and other combustible materials are being used.

6.1.4 Watchmen or fireguards shall be provided where salamanders or similar heaters

are used to provide winter protection,

6.1.5 Where tarpaulins or other flammable

materials are used to form protective enclosures for winter protection, the material

shall be fire-resistant and installed so as to prevent contact with the heating unit.

6.1.6 Form supports and wedges shall be

checked during concrete placement to prevent

distortion or failure.

6.2

Form Design

6.2.1 Any form, regardless of size, shall be

planned in every particular and designed and

constructed with an adequate factor of safety.

In addition to computable loading, additional

form pressures may result from impact during

concrete placement, sudden lowering of temperatures retarding the set and increasing the

liquid head or static pressure, vibrations of

the form or concrete, uneven stressing re- sulting from failure or weakening of form

members, or impact from concrete buckets or placing equipment. As a result, an adequate

factor of safety is required to offset these

unpredictable conditions.

6.2.2 The thoroughness of planning and

design shall be governed by the size, complexity, and intended use of the form. Formwork which is complex in nature or which will

be subjected to unusually high concrete pres- sures shall be designed or approved for use by an engineer or experienced form designer.

6.2.3 Unit stresses for use in the design of

formwork, exclusive of accessories, should

conform to applicable codes and specifications

in Formwork for Concrete, American Concrete Institute Special Publication No. 4,

1969. When fabricated formwork, shoring, or scaffolding units are used, manufacturers’ rec- ommendations for allowable loads may be

followed if supported by test reports or successful experience records.
f

I

u

I *

[

«

I

il

\

I

I

I

tj»n*

Imu. It»rt3

> k

inootsf.^l

tcrhui' ••

.

oc • irttr^^/ci

'.in.' .9iUtO

. : TV

•'o\ : l—-t)

. Ti- 'V ,'u t>;4 .'ina4q

' h*iJMn:Arioo

.bhfV ril (Q rrdtA'

>«?<; giy** *^

»r*£3r^ur>q

In

'I rv»vanu .-fj'.ntoa 70 rrncil m . ji I.' no t. lit) taoil SlIfeNI:

t3 q|f3lal«cf t»'TOiK>> ajc»n1 t.M;Qi:ti

iktripthfi ai» i ,• > nixilqi

i#iAik oJ »y

< s» c

ts;s! 1 »»* ' Jo<*. I riT --i

'ff

II

,iiin/.j nx .1 '/

•ilws*'.

.•<1 •*#.;* let") I

• /

Y<> ''h »€<)

' lu’ i. • u,

.

aoJ '•<'

., na.)c >i)dr'^

/t: Hit'oeit ,*:''*•• *'

->•*, " 'I iutO #i . «i n'

,tr» xn tf\ :

i*. *..-

^b'OIM 1

: vJlT.riq

. d-jii •' )*icww

! t ;*i . (i

'*(•' -l(. ivi

, jriVJ

>l'tt»wnnq5

. t noYnrq#

> .’-,n6 i

.n )

, , ,.{’7 ,paty>'

iCT-'

' t •

' . ? I

>«»•//, 7 'n'.

'H

fl 5i.> 50t.t«aot>

:>r

,-tj (l:.M ilAiti ; .J 'iiwO IJI

k> suff^lin b/n i.maw

o Homilb’l

„,» MMni iJwMoqqut bi;i» ' t>>nf ^ • r-;aft HNr Jl Jp'f’ ^ ^

-t*: S'f v;.".: JarfI fcbftol Ijbv- 'aI bn<- i«:>l

•t ’; 'ti t»‘t. *qqi;a »d n»0 f^v.o! rfi>u| T/inu

i);r9g€K>

’ XJ&“

’^5'*''*-"''* ' t^w^j tir. ?r.

tii/o'if 9*«- • icf

I

.

[j inml bavoai^'T b.iA hvm it «an 1o

• 7it '

.uBiwInftif ' - 243 ^

04 bBDioTtoq w 3<nr 1 fnr!» «£*«•» -vriio

jfioftaaa .:a>!»v» l - A3»iwmuD3«

.ny»w

T,! b*blvo7Q id B»ri« no.t'j*' t’ nii^ E 43 ' laibo bag (W n •) he mdw . Jmibu tajttc t<i6 >ia {ixn itdUtiTd

oiq no nftnsibigN''' i-43,

n*ifivf” isliroit no ifbnBmalM dtii' baWv

. idwifw oWvonq o) I ms

rixuian iitlio n^ •itUi/oqi«3 v.*rfV.^ n> vUo#)v.| riTt'.l r J l>i»*u »ii* ,

».T-f • 1 i

•iUw bim

Ifc.i- .i'-at «<S: .nf>U3*J€rcj laiJcM'^ ic'> ft'

o? K. •'t' hi'IUlaiii inaiBit

*.hau 7 .!’ diH* *

ff* I'Tii^ie fTibftw .v,r ,11

^Usdr‘^

• 5 V 91Q

i oJ -‘nrnT^OMi!.' 9l»1>^06 *. ttwUr noinotitb y

I t,

.

. 'ad'

J

l*
6.2.4 Forms of a temporary nature with

limited reuse shall conform to allowable

stresses as specified in appropriate design

codes or specifications for temporary struc- tures or for temporary loads on permanent

structures, as approved by the authority having jurisdiction.

6.2.5 Where a considerable number of re- uses are intended and where the forms to be

used are fabricated from material such as

steel, aluminum, or magnesium, it is recom- mended that the formwork be designed as a permanent structure carrying permanent

loads.

6.2.6 The minimum safety factors shown

in Table 1, which are based on ultimate

strength of the accessory, shall be used in the

design and use of formwork hardware and

accessories.

6.2.7 For safety considerations relating to the design of shores, see Section 8, Vertical

Shoring.

6.3 Loads

6.3.1 Vertical Loads. Vertical loads consist

of a dead load plus an allowance for live load.

The weight of formwork together with the

weight of freshly placed concrete is dead load.

The live load consists of the weight of workmen, equipment, runways, and impact, and

shall be computed in pounds per square foot

(psf) of horizontal projection. (See 8.1.5.)

6.3.2 Lateral Loads. Braces and shores

shall be designed to resist all foreseeable lateral loads such as wind, cable tensions, inclined

supports, impact of placement, and starting

and stopping of equipment. The assumed val- ue of load due to wind, impact of concrete, and

equipment acting in any direction at each

floor line shall not be less than 100 pounds per

lineal foot of floor edge or 2 percent of total

dead load of the floor, whichever is greater.

Wall forms shall be designed for a minimum

wind load of 10 psf, and bracing for wall forms

should be designed for a lateral load of at least

100 pounds per lineal foot of wall, applied at the top. Walls of unusual height require special consideration.

6.3.3 Special Loads Formwork shall be

designed for all special conditions of construction likely to occur, such as unsymmetrical

placement of concrete, impact of machinedelivered concrete, uplift, and concentrated

loads.

Table 1

Design Capacities of Formwork Accessories* J

Accessory Safety factor Type of construction Form tie 1.5 Light formwork; or ordinary single lifts at grade and 16 ft or less above grade

2.0 Heavy formwork; all formwork more than 16 ft above grade or unusually

hazardous

Form anchor 1.5 Light form panel anchorage only; no hazard to life involved in failure

2.0 Heavy forms—failure would endanger life—supporting form weight and concrete pressures only

3.0 Falsework supporting weight of forms, concrete, working loads, and impact

Form hangers 1.5 Light formwork. Design load including total weight' of forms and concrete, with 50 psf minimum live load is less than 150 psf

2.0 Heavy formwork; form plus concrete weight 100 psf or more; unusually

hazardous work

Lifting inserts 2.0 Tilt-up panels

3.0 Precast panels

Expendable strand

deflection devicest

2.0 Pretensioned concrete members

Re-usable strand

deflection devicest

3.0 Pretensioned concrete members

• Design capacities guaranteed by manufacturers may be used in lieu of tests for ultimate strength.

fThese safety factors also apply to pieces of prestressing strand which are used as part of the deflection device. tThis Table is reproduced from Ainerican National Standard Recommended Practice for Concrete Formwork, A145. 1- 1968 (ACI 347-68). Copyright 1967 by the American Concrete Institute. Reprinted by permission.
!t

'

; -2^*^

•<p‘?

£M. > .>'•'»;( m^t t \c •<sto‘*t ^JtM''<Ti

1 r-'Vilnfr. [1 qH«

,

’

. Mfu; 1* r*i,-»Mji? to

; >Qn.l«3 lol TO

• > in ir. »inu4

11 1

>; '.

r,,' s«4r^ t« ittSWoc,’

^

’ •’Ifcir tiMUMl,

»ll

I

i£?

.j
6.3.4 Construction Loads. Imposition of

any construction loads on the partially completed structure shall not be permitted unless

such loading has been considered in the design

and approved by the engineer-architect.

6.4

Placing and Removal of Forms

6.4.1 When moved or raised by crane, ca- bleway, A-frame, or similar mechanical device, forms shall be securely attached to wire

rope slings having a minimum safety factor of

5. Use of No. 9 tie wire, fiber rope, and similar

makeshift lashing shall be prohibited.

6.4.2 Taglines shall be used in moving panels or other large sections of forms by crane or

hoist.

6.4.3 All hoisting equipment, including

hoisting cable used to raise and move forms,

shall have a minimum safety factor incorporated in the manufacturer’s design, and

the manufacturer’s recommended loading

shall not be exceeded. Field- or shop-fabricated hoisting equipment shall be designed or approved by a registered professional engineer, incorporating a minimum safety factor

of 5 in its design. Panels and built-up form

sections shall be equipped with metal hoisting

brackets for attachment of slings.

6.4.4 Forms intended for use where there is a free fall of over ten feet shall be equipped

with adequate scaffolding and guardrails, or employees working on the forms shall be re- quired to wear safety belts during forming and

stripping operations. Form scaffolding shall

be designed and constructed as provided in

Section 7 unless an alternative design is specifically approved by the authority having

jurisdiction.

6.4.5 Vertical forms being raised or re- moved in sections shall not be released until

adequately braced or secured. Likewise, over- head forms shall not be released until adequately braced or secured.

6.4.6 Workmen or others at lower levels

shall be protected from falling materials, and

appropriate warning signs shall be erected

along walkways.

6.4.7 Forms shall not be removed prematurely. The concrete should be adequately

set in order to permit safe removal of the

forms, shoring, and bracing. Engineer’s specifications and local building codes shall be

adhered to in determining the length of time

forms should remain in place following concrete placement. In addition, tests shall be

made on field-cured concrete specimens in

order to insure that concrete has obtained

sufficient strength to safely support the load

prior to removal of forms.

6.4.8

When field operations are not controlled by the engineer’s specifications or local

building codes, under ordinary conditions

form and supports shall remain in place for

not less than the periods of time shown in

Table 2. These periods represent cumulative

number of days or fractions thereof, not necessarily consecutive, during which the temperature of the air surrounding the concrete is above 50* F. If high-early-strength concrete is used, these periods may be reduced as approved by the engineer-architect. Conversely,

if low-temperature concrete or retarding

agents are used, these periods may be increased at the discretion of the engineer-architect,

6.5 Vertical Slip Forms

6.5.1 Slip forms shall be designed and constructed, and the form movement carried out,

under the immediate supervision of a person

or persons experienced in slip form design and

operation. Drawings prepared by a qualified

engineer, showing the jack layout, formwork,

working decks, and scaffolding, shall be available at the jobsite, and followed.

6.5.2 The steel rods or pipe on which the

jacks climb or by which the forms are lifted

shall be especially designed for the purpose.

Such rods must be adequately braced where

not encased in concrete.

6.5.3 Jacks and vertical supports shall be

positioned in such a manner that the vertical

loads are distributed equally and do not ex- ceed the capacity of the jacks.

6.5.4 The jacks or other lifting devices

should be provided with mechanical dogs or other automatic holding devices to protect

against failure of the power supply or the

lifting mechanism.

6.5.5 Lifting shall proceed steadily and

uniformly and shall not exceed the predetermined safe rate of lift, A jacking system,

which provides precise, simultaneous movement of the entire form in small preselected

increments, is recommended for large structures,

6.5.6 Lateral and diagonal bracing of the

forms shall be provided to prevent excessive
t'*!

‘

* j’

>-»*d tterU _ JiiMTtMRki

oi w»tr*c65 i»Twa*bb’^ no i^iOin

s7»i3flM loirfi «w«m oi y^b^o

b»of Mfl <M tii^iifc

: " " .atccn^^ lo iavom-ii o9 ^oitti «oo Ion 9^ snntl*i»QO Mifi otfffW

l^t lo •ftoik^lli'MAra tenant 9 dtl ^h^UnU

«ootl>}>im? vn&A^Hto »t»fT4f .aithoo

-tbi iKOilb a} nutaiy Ub^ tnvA

tu nio9d; 90iij lio 4*fii

»vh*lujh{i9 «bah«j.»R:*ffT .fi •«0>«n ix|B ,>v«iti<1l 9nb(mn"A u)

*c9el 9d9 tlMd-th mhurb .Aviii^j^ii^ viim

«i 9191^000 »iU i7U&nuorsu« its sdJ Tc» 9tii^s^<s«

«i »9»-:3aoc 4)%fi 9tltt~xhs9-ilfW IF ./i «'|oi|s

-qs ss b9Dtiirsi od abbtfa^ »r$di ,b$viJ

clM9»irnfiO Jo^iidof^'7*f*Bh9f9 '<4 fMwn-:*

unlbterai TO 93 »*»anf)t) s*rt»ls'!tKi4a9J*wa>

^ai.W >e*fn ii»h»q 9»ifi ^Tjp

.1 .t-J9S

aviiboqtal .«1m»s4. nsiiMiTiftiMD

& «mt*> \ci1 ailTS4 »dt no shs^ aai^ytrid/bPoo ^tfOk

”i '%3^.

0ifr»bdv b#J!liRrt»q sd ion Uoda otuiovxif

9dj at iMtsbcano!) mbd ssi(^|ful»»of

> ^M4yvi-imfiiMtr9 ocH 'fd ijWosqc^s imS"

""

'

' iC*' - T: M

•am’9 1o iafooii^ &asyob«nb

aa .90819 y4 biN^i lo fatfom a»«fW [>.%

jp_

. lititisrsffeiiMn T»()t^ to ^

9-iiW 01 bodassia od Qmtia am^ .aoh. .

w0k1lf xioim tm/miaim s ioit«ii «srtl||ii>(iof' |. m&mbi» ,9tK>i isdt) .wir tjdf t .oH to

* ^ . .bolkUdoiQ »d Bo4<t nt’^idasl' 1 jfiMMlifjM^

•nsf? •jijntirciioi ni bttii fxf Uiii* «|mJ)isT fi..!' to *nrj> VJ tonoil )o wo^Soo isdio to '

atubotsni \>nottfqiitpo im^o4 IIA

1?w

'•''^ •fiTto'f t|UlS IsoilsniV fttd •ads SftZ li»£ d»sft sd tUrf^ armd) £.A.9

,nn> boirjtoiuoaigevoin rmoi uAl bno .betaotl*

ooaisi^ s 4Tof«vi9'.;y9 •Jalbommi aiif ^dbiio

oft.< tti^sob finu> 4'cU ni'b«9ti^hoos9 ftnooian to

fc»^lh»0p c vd beuMjani ,noiltna«pi

.jhov.Hmt iHtovsi 8>s\. sdi aa't^cdtr ,29iKii$no

lW»vi •d tloi'f bn* ,s4b*h iJwrfWo

^v«foito^ bns .»liidoi sdl le 9id*

*di (itiifw oo flrqlq- to ebf*T t»9Jt *ifT Sl.^0

bvlU 91* cmrol odJ fhi/h> rd to dmtitii 9df>bi

»d4 tqA btifsoMb ylisHtti** 9<i Usii*

tiofiw bsosid yi*iatip9b* «d iiutm .Sboi H^aS

‘ .olMonot nl hKMMpn* too

.fti iJa H# *r»viqM }*6itT«'<' b(f% e)^^>

1*01119^ aAi ;*iil laniifcot a i*9iJi! <xi bsnoj^moflt

-i* ioti ob ho* ^l*op<T l4»lAtdb>i(ll> :tt* -ZA^Oi OfU fo Xfirnqoo 9/Ij hiW*"

M9tv«l> vdA»Ki9.'i}o TO t#FT’ a

1o 99oh tUiw b^bivoiq sd blooiiu

l9*JOT«i 3l anotvtb luiibtoH wtiio

od4 TO yloqiii tdi V» vTjpiisi fwoib^'^^

y^- *- ^jtmffody^

y

ttl4 * VI* yilWafa n*At itaiAtj 9^>«A

ptU bMom Hm Uadit han ^xlnndikw

.jM»T* vs anfabsF A^.AU lo fJSi oUir Wrnmalob

vivtMu «iio«A*J{umia nAiv^yq Aiilfit#

{J*0T9 fit nnol fTboo o4i W limno. < '3«iTi« «ai*J ml Vstnmmmooot *f .siatmtixti

tfil lo jffiiyoul is«ot*ib ibrts tei*|sJ 9*A^

*vt«»r»cr Jn*y*iq oJ bohivoTV *d ttods w*»^

4urrcol rrora bn* »aUii^p^ b«*o »ld*ir toi

ttslbs oBtnairtiisi * Usdt

^bff* .rTtttsb f‘T9-ud9«lifrr*{a ad^ id r’OtrHMitoQF^

anibool babnuafOKisn '^*'t*Ti^sltfns<dv . >iTd*V<iosi» iiobttanxs ad im Ilsdt.

TO bsnahNib «mI iloil» lirsmqii/po xnilsM

IsJTolaoilvt^ b*t^»h»t * td

loiasl yifil** mKiiini|ia^« sitdii?To<iii>osd „artol qx/'ilitni buM sfaM|**X .nslMb sl'F 4 lo

(*4i*|B jilfW boiQlupt^llS^H* «/lo

td oimdS rmdw ow lot tebiTStid sm|<>^ ^

boir<luip9 9cf Usds t»sl ooi T*vo lo 0*9

TO .allsTbusvi txiM anlMdllsat 9^su^di|0

•91 *d lisii* sonol Sdi ao'vnbhow i*tHOlqd||,

bos irnkonicd an^b siitd yl4*i is*w ci

^IlsdB asibiolliSM .tiyotiswqo

^ri s* *b*lotnisaoo b«*

yt -oq* ti naPob oniiitrmilo nd imitm T “roll

yisvsri \tlisod»i>« boyirtiMb xU

’ 'tn TO,, bosisi *oiKil*lsaliT*'«^ C,>.A

Olau bosstbn od *on IkijM b*vo

<-T9'f0 .9«9»93UJ Jboismi' 10 b^lpsld

•-b* Ulmt b**a»ln *d ion Usds t>tnol l»«< JmoaM TbiHSOj^d yisls^^

tlsvi9l TtTKof I* rtodJo TO ftomiToW 8.b.0

bn* skimisoi toUUl modi bst^si^q 9d Usds<

M94T9 9d Usds sittk aidttii^"TisiTqoiqqi‘('

STiq tso'fiPtn od Km H«ds snttoT T.bJI i ^sisopsbs id hluods 9sn9iioo,,iSifT .yloti/isin «,i f4i lo;kAMMT dlAStlimm id i«Jm ni }»s

•b*qsVi*9#tl«tf3l .wMid l>a* 4inhods .simol

«dt Usds isboo tet'Uiod Uoof bIW snoiliidll^

•oUl lo d'fiitsf ari^.ltf Miimtsiab id ol bstsiUib >,: •noe sol«Nott«A sasiq id atfiowi'idwod* scititfli

.U,

'y f 40*^ S P
NBS*114A (REV. s-78)

U.S. DEPT. OF COMM.

BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA

SHEET

1. PUBLICATION OR REPORT NO. 2»Gov^t.. Aec^sfoi No>i

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Recommended Guidelines for Safety Inspection of Construction

of Concrete Cooling Towers

5. Publication Date

6. P»(oTOmg,Ofgam2aaotv Code

7. AUTHOR(S)

H. S. Lew and S. G. Fattal

8. Performing Organ. Report No.

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

WASHINGTON, DC 20234

lintt No. .

11. Contract/Grant No.

12. SPONSORING ORGANIZATION NAME AND COMPLETE ADDRESS rSh-.et, City, st^te, ZIP)

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

Department of Labor

Washington, D.C. 20210

13. Type of Report & Period Covered

15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

I

! Document (jescribes a computer program; SF-185, FIPS Software Summary, is attached.

16, ABSTRACT (A 200^worxi or less factual ^uaunary of most significant information* If document includes a significant bibliography or

literature survey, mention it here*) As a result of the natural draft cooling tower construction disaster at Willow

Island, West Virginia, the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) reivewed existing

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) construction safety and

health regulations and developed guidelines for use by the OSHA compliance

officers for safety evaluation of reinforced concrete shell cooling tower

construction

.

The guidelines furnished are based on existing OSHA regulations, but highlight

their application to this type of construction by pointing out critical construction operations, their safety aspects, and needed compliance inspection procedures.

Major regulatory provisions affecting the basic construction plans, safety

aspects of design criteria and responsibilities, record keeping, and inspections

are summarized. Special attention is given to construction loadings, construction

sequences, hoisting systems, and personnel safety training.

Detailed identification is made of items relating to concrete inspection, concrete

control, formwork operations, construction loadings, hoisting systems, and

construction safety planning.

17. KEY WORDS ("s/x to twelve entries; alphabetical order; capitalize only the first letter of the first key word unless a proper name;

separated by semicolons)

Concrete; construction, cooling tower; formwork; hoisting system; regulations;

safety; standards

18. AVAILABILITY Unlimited 19. SECURITY CLASS 21. NO. OF

(THIS REPORT) PRINTED PAGES

lIj For Official Distribution. Do Not Release to NTIS UNCLASSIFIED

' Order From Sup. of Doc., U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

20402, SD Stock No. SN003-003-

20. SECURITY CLASS 22. Price (THIS PAGE)

Order From National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Springfield,

VA. 22161 UNCLASSIFIED

USCOMM-OC
v10 ^?3U

'

t

- nf.3 tof' e»nf. rat>fija

•-a3

j

:.; vj|^ Ma»i gT>^ ^ OOO- S3»nor»(P^^(

*'•’ >1 V-i'" !§fe/- '•/ '<K ..<5*!l

baalNf^

V

4 !

It M41. ,'r

,

, ^ T'

,

' ''*

• ' #jfTOI» AO«a?V^a UAlllU® , 4lH0fTAH

n. 'M& Sai| Sl(MlftS>,^^

' iijr^ajhii' i •-. .11

S- »e '^’T'.Ti

I

yi

V *

* »»'

I" te»i^

ktm 30 , MCT»H» MiA^.

.«l» .*«-*» .(WVO 5T3,

notJB-ttf f cnot^ squioO

41

"M-.l

, ti*<tMM; »4 M«moC K'-igim »i 'T*fil . W-'H?

»< Um' * » . «. .iwSi!»wii5»tA t*»w >''^^4^ iJV'?- ^ S ' ,' '*" '-^!^' »*>>«•> .-tmrm wo-fltW 11

09vwvJ9*t

-y§ft.6^tfb ocfsoutliooo.iiwot

to ueonuB

enKoo>

f anotM

Jt*nb tfff to ^Tiilann^eA

,bflj|f^I m

( OT 62 ^r^toinMooi ( AHBO) nof’^ B

' i ^ zffil’iljbA rttfeoK feooMfiqvao^^^ ^50T 62

wnsllonos seo not ^teo ^f®b ^ u5 boqolffvob ^4 "Irtoffffwipot

n#«soi fMi! 93#*j>ft03 bsonoto^fn to no^;>o0r9vo>Mt1#B tot 2iS3W 1 --^1? . notioii ' twBric^y ''^•

fyd ^•fTOtriAii/^ AH^ tn^^^^X9 fio boiMf »Vi’''bo«l?tfnut lOflHbbt'ogsoif^^

-D«/t>iwe3 Tuc o*'^^n*'00 B0^53t?t?«ooD to aNf bl notlptfqqft

.fftvitiOO^ Ootiton bn» ‘nftfift /4fto>:f6'»*q{i^ndfl

\Z9^tit ,29fc*Q 3tesO ortJ pnfT>9tt4 iifflobBitOtq

znofsztKtuf OtJi ^BotqpiiW -nrujoi) , zBiytr^dKlnocart bitii *>t9i'H3«i)^Vi#t) to

frotiovnii.ro? oo:)i^otl«noO o? 5*vfg el noltiifd^B ^ ,Mi>niM^ oti

t^9t« finoottsq bof

•"^onoo ot {rA^JtCfn emtt to obwi ?r rto^^i3lt'^'?n9bf%9T^^0(t^^

bn» ,Mwer?Y.. v»^^3'??orf .AgAlbftor nolJ>utd2rtoo ,enolJBt»qo Xnowiiiot;

^ .gfifiwofq Y^stoe oojdouidznoa,

. m- r

'' _ *,!

4 t .

<w—» »<»»< « .»r lyK H«f» «i* • M> tv«» Sit *U^?0X<)*;V3X .j

polJB,fcoO ; 4t©v«»not powod poHoo3

'®

<«a

i <iOl 53ut^iftoO "jtSdibnoC^

iTZBnr

ISOAt 01t«m *

09r^A. i3»«u

I

^

' n

'“31 jji ,

' 'i» ^ ^ ItTli.y »wwi >wt f«*4'ia .«MiliatW>0 Mto<tl0W\pl,4

’^4 lOAtaiN 30 . wyy*ftwiw

» oimmAJow ^

#»I00 iWNw r^tifcO 4.U .»tiO Ui .<M (rM®

«9Nn*l m4I|iii««M )»9iMd#T HM<dOtK wetl xytO^C ' *T

..: l^a. *>' -

MjLi.J3-l.

Mf

• uliiii. 'Um
r 1 ItI 1

r( ’>• < f ,

•V'

A* i
IJ