National Vital 

Statistics Reports 

Volume 58, Number 21 June 28, 2010

United States Life Tables, 2006

by Elizabeth Arias, Ph.D., Division of Vital Statistics

Abstract

Objectives—This report presents complete period life tables by

age, race, and sex for the United States based on age-specific death

rates in 2006.

Methods—Data used to prepare the 2006 life tables are 2006 final

mortality statistics, July 1, 2006 population estimates based on the 2000

decennial census, and 2006 Medicare data for ages 66–100. The 2006

life tables were estimated using a recently revised methodology first

applied to the final annual U.S. life tables series with the 2005 edition

(1). For comparability, all life tables for the years 2000–2004 were

reestimated using the revised methodology and were published in an

appendix of the United States Life Tables, 2005 report (1). These

revised tables replace all previously published life tables for years

2000–2004.

Results—In 2006, the overall expectation of life at birth was 77.7

years, representing an increase of 0.3 years from life expectancy in

2005. From 2005 to 2006, life expectancy at birth increased for all

groups considered. It increased for males (from 74.9 to 75.1) and

females (from 79.9 to 80.2), the white (from 77.9 to 78.2) and black

populations (from 72.8 to 73.2), black males (from 69.3 to 69.7) and

females (from 76.1 to 76.5), and white males (from 75.4 to 75.7) and

females (from 80.4 to 80.6).

Keywords: life expectancy c survival c death rates c race

Introduction

There are two types of life tables—the cohort (or generation)

and the period (or current). The cohort life table presents the mortality

experience of a particular birth cohort, all persons born in the year

1900, for example, from the moment of birth through consecutive

ages in successive calendar years. Based on age-specific death

rates observed through consecutive calendar years, the cohort life

table reflects the mortality experience of an actual cohort from birth

until no lives remain in the group. To prepare a single complete

cohort life table requires data over many years. It is usually not

feasible to construct cohort life tables entirely on the basis of

observed data for real cohorts due to data unavailability or incompleteness (2). For example, a life table representation of the mortality

experience of a cohort of persons born in 1970 would require the use

of data projection techniques to estimate deaths into the future (3,4).

Unlike the cohort life table, the period life table does not represent

the mortality experience of an actual birth cohort. Rather, the period

life table presents what would happen to a hypothetical (or synthetic)

cohort if it experienced throughout its entire life the mortality conditions

of a particular time period. Thus, for example, a period life table for 2006

assumes a hypothetical cohort subject throughout its lifetime to the

age-specific death rates prevailing for the actual population in 2006.

The period life table may thus be characterized as rendering a ‘‘snapshot’’ of current mortality experience, and shows the long-range implications of a set of age-specific death rates that prevailed in a given

year. In this report the term ‘‘life table’’ refers only to the period life table

and not to the cohort life table.

Data and Methods

The data used to prepare the U.S. life tables for 2006 are final

numbers of deaths for the year 2006, postcensal population estimates for the year 2006, and age-specific death and population

counts for Medicare beneficiaries aged 66–100 for the year 2006

from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.

The populations used to estimate the life tables shown in this

report were produced under a collaborative agreement with the U.S.

Census Bureau and are consistent with the postcensal estimates of the

2000 census. Reflecting the guidelines issued in 1997 by the Office of

Management and Budget (OMB), the 2000 census included an option

for individuals to report more than one race as appropriate for themselves and household members (5). The 1997 OMB guidelines also

provided for the reporting of Asian persons separately from Native

Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander persons. Under the prior OMB

standards (issued in 1977), data for Asian or Pacific Islander persons

were collected as a single group (6). Beginning with deaths occurring

in 2003, some states implemented multiple-race categories on the

death certificate. Approximately one-half of the states continue to

collect only one race for the decedent in the same categories as

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
 

National Center for Health Statistics
 

National Vital Statistics System
 
2 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 21, June 28, 2010

specified in the 1977 OMB guidelines (death certificate data do not

report Asian persons separately from Native Hawaiian or other Pacific

Islander persons). Death certificate data by race for these states (the

numerators for death rates) are thus currently incompatible with the

population data collected in the 2000 census (the denominators for the

rates). To produce death rates for 2006 it was necessary to ‘‘bridge’’

the reported population data for multiple-race persons back to singlerace categories. In addition, the 2000 census counts were modified to

be consistent with the 1977 OMB race categories, that is, to report the

data for Asian persons and Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander

persons as a combined category,Asian or Pacific Islander, and to reflect

age as of the census reference date (7). The procedures used to

produce the ‘‘bridged’’ populations are described in a separate publication (8). Multiple-race data for those states that implemented the

1997 OMB guidelines are bridged back to single-race categories. Once

all states are collecting data on race according to the 1997 OMB

guidelines, it is expected that use of the bridged populations will be

discontinued.

Readers should keep in mind that the population data used to

compile death rates by race are based on special estimation procedures. They are not true counts. This is the case even for the 2000

populations that are based on the 2000 census. The estimation procedures used to develop these populations contain some errors (8).

Over the next several years, additional information will be incorporated

in the estimation procedures, possibly resulting in further revisions of

the population estimates (see the ‘‘Technical Notes’’ section).

Data from the Medicare program are used to supplement vital

statistics and census data for ages 66 years and over. Death rates

based on Medicare data for the oldest ages are considered to be more

accurate than death rates based solely on vital and census data

because beneficiaries must prove their date of birth in order to qualify

for benefits while there is no such requirement in the census form

question about a respondent’s age. The prevalence of age misreporting

at the oldest ages in census data has been found to be significant

enough to lead to underestimated death rates at the oldest ages (see

the ‘‘Technical Notes’’ section).

Life tables can be classified in two ways according to the length

of the age interval in which data are presented. A complete life table

contains data for every year of age. An abridged life table typically

contains data by 5- or 10-year age intervals. A complete life table, of

course, can be easily aggregated into 5- or 10-year age groups (see

the ‘‘Technical Notes’’ section for instructions on how to do this). Other

than the decennial life tables, U.S. life tables based on data prior to

1997 are abridged life tables constructed by reference to a standard

table (9). The 2006 U.S. life tables are complete life tables calculated

using a revised method that blends vital statistics and Medicare data

at ages 66–100 (1). See the ‘‘Technical Notes’’ section for more

information on the method used to construct the life tables in this report.

Expectation of life—The most frequently used life table statistic is

life expectancy (ex), which is the average number of years of life

remaining for persons who have attained a given age (x). Life expectancy and other life table values for each age in 2006 are shown for

the total population and by race and sex in Tables 1–9. Life expectancy

is summarized by age, race, and sex in Table A.

Life expectancy at birth (e0) for 2006 for the total population was

77.7 years. This represents the average number of years that the

members of the hypothetical life table cohort may expect to live at the

time of birth (Table A).

Survivors to specified ages— Another way of assessing the longevity of the synthetic life table cohort is by determining the proportion

who survive to specified ages. The l

x column of the life table provides

the data for computing the proportion. Table B summarizes the number

of survivors by age, race, and sex. To illustrate, 54,201 persons out of

the original 2006 synthetic life table cohort of 100,000 (or 54.2 percent)

were alive at exact age 80. In other words, the probability that a person

will survive from birth to age 80, given 2006 age-specific mortality, is

Table A. Expectation of life, by age, race, and sex: United States, 2006

All races White Black

Age Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female

0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.7 75.1 80.2 78.2 75.7 80.6 73.2 69.7 76.5

1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.2 74.7 79.7 77.6 75.1 80.0 73.2 69.7 76.5

5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.3 70.8 75.8 73.7 71.2 76.1 69.4 65.8 72.6

10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.4 65.8 70.8 68.7 66.3 71.1 64.4 60.9 67.7

15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.4 60.9 65.9 63.8 61.3 66.1 59.5 56.0 62.7

20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.6 56.1 61.0 59.0 56.6 61.3 54.7 51.3 57.8

25. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.9 51.5 56.1 54.2 51.9 56.4 50.1 46.8 53.0

30. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.2 46.9 51.3 49.5 47.3 51.5 45.5 42.4 48.2

35. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.4 42.2 46.4 44.7 42.6 46.7 40.9 37.9 43.5

40....................... 39.7 37.6 41.7 40.0 37.9 41.9 36.4 33.5 38.9

45. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.2 33.1 37.0 35.4 33.4 37.2 32.0 29.2 34.5

50. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.7 28.8 32.5 30.9 29.0 32.6 27.9 25.2 30.2

55. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.5 24.7 28.0 26.6 24.9 28.2 24.1 21.6 26.1

60. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.4 20.7 23.8 22.5 20.9 23.8 20.4 18.2 22.2

65. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.5 17.0 19.7 18.6 17.1 19.8 17.1 15.1 18.6

70. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.9 13.6 15.9 14.9 13.6 15.9 13.9 12.3 15.1

75. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.6 10.4 12.3 11.5 10.5 12.3 11.1 9.8 12.0

80. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 7.8 9.3 8.7 7.8 9.3 8.7 7.7 9.3

85. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 5.7 6.8 6.3 5.7 6.7 6.7 5.9 7.1

90. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 4.1 4.8 4.5 4.0 4.7 5.1 4.5 5.3

95. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 2.9 3.3 3.2 2.8 3.3 3.8 3.5 3.9

100 ...................... 2.3 2.0 2.3 2.2 2.0 2.2 2.8 2.6 2.8
National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 21, June 28, 2010 3

54 percent. Probabilities of survival can be calculated at any age by

simply dividing the number of survivors at the terminal age by the

number at the beginning age. For example, to calculate the probability

of surviving from age 20 to age 85, one would divide the number of

survivors at age 85 (37,805) by the number of survivors at age 20

(98,747), which results in a 38.3 percent probability of survival.

Explanation of the columns of the life table

Column 1—Age (x to x + 1)—Shows the age interval between

the two exact ages indicated. For instance, ‘‘20–21’’ means the

1-year interval between the 20th and 21st birthdays.

Column 2—Probability of dying (qx)— Shows the probability of

dying between ages x to x + 1. For example, formales in the age interval

20–21 years, the probability of dying is 0.001329 (Table 2). The ‘‘probability of dying’’ column forms the basis of the life table; all subsequent

columns are derived from it.

Column 3—Number surviving (lx)— Shows the number of persons

from the original synthetic cohort of 100,000 live births, who survive to

the beginning of each age interval. The l

x values are computed from

the qx values, which are successively applied to the remainder of the

original 100,000 persons still alive at the beginning of each age interval.

Thus, out of 100,000 female babies born alive, 99,395 will complete

the first year of life and enter the second; 99,229 will reach age 10;

98,982 will reach age 20; and 44,685 will live to age 85 (Table 3).

Column 4—Number dying (dx)— Shows the number dying in each

successive age interval out of the original 100,000 live births. For

example, out of 100,000 males born alive, 734 will die in the first year

of life; 131 between ages 20 and 21; and 850 will die after reaching

age 100 (Table 2). Each figure in column 4 is the difference between

two successive figures in column 3.

Column 5—Person-years lived (Lx)—Shows the number of

person-years lived by the synthetic life table cohort within an age

interval x to x + 1. Each figure in column 5 represents the total time

(in years) lived between two indicated birthdays by all those reaching

the earlier birthday. Thus, the figure 98,459 for males in the age interval

20–21 is the total number of years lived between the 20th and 21st

birthdays by the 98,524 (column 3) males who reached their 20th

birthday out of 100,000 males born alive (Table 2).

Column 6—Total number of person-years lived (Tx)—Shows the

total number of person-years that would be lived after the beginning

of the age interval x to x + 1 by the synthetic life table cohort. For

example, the figure 5,532,004 is the total number of years lived after

attaining age 20 by the 98,524 males reaching that age (Table 2).

Column 7—Expectation of life (ex)—Shows, at any given age, the

average number of years remaining to be lived by those surviving to

that age on the basis of a given set of age-specific rates of dying. It

is derived by dividing the total person-years that would be lived above

age x by the number of persons who survived to that age interval

(Tx / lx). Thus, the average remaining lifetime for males who reach age

20 is 56.1 years (5,532,004 divided by 98,524) (Table 2).

Results

Life expectancy in the United States

Tables 1–9 show complete life tables by race (white and black)

and sex for 2006. Tables A and B summarize life expectancy and

survival by age, race, and sex. Life expectancy at birth for 2006

represents the average number of years that a group of infants would

live if the infants were to experience throughout life the age-specific

death rates prevailing in 2006. In 2006, life expectancy at birth was

77.7 years, increasing by 0.3 years from 77.4 years in 2005. This

increase is typical of the average annual changes that have occurred

during the last 30 years. Throughout the past century, the trend in

U.S. life expectancy was one of gradual improvement and this trend

has continued into the new century (10).

Changes in mortality levels by age and cause of death have an

important effect on changes in life expectancy. Life expectancy at birth

Table B. Number of survivors by age, out of 100,000 born alive, by race and sex: United States, 2006

All races White Black

Age Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female

0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000

1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99,329 99,266 99,395 99,442 99,388 99,499 98,663 98,552 98,777

5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99,216 99,144 99,291 99,341 99,279 99,406 98,492 98,367 98,622

10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99,147 99,068 99,229 99,277 99,208 99,349 98,394 98,254 98,539

15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99,065 98,972 99,164 99,200 99,117 99,288 98,285 98,125 98,451

20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98,747 98,524 98,982 98,898 98,702 99,105 97,868 97,484 98,266

25. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98,253 97,797 98,739 98,430 98,017 98,874 97,174 96,435 97,940

30. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97,759 97,099 98,461 97,970 97,370 98,616 96,380 95,274 97,500

35. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97,213 96,371 98,105 97,466 96,697 98,292 95,452 94,001 96,892

40. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96,495 95,466 97,579 96,799 95,851 97,813 94,256 92,489 95,987

45. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95,397 94,112 96,740 95,771 94,569 97,048 92,515 90,398 94,564

50. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93,750 92,082 95,478 94,231 92,655 95,893 89,877 87,206 92,430

55....................... 91,352 89,083 93,681 91,992 89,850 94,231 85,930 82,211 89,426

60. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88,057 85,054 91,119 88,870 86,041 91,806 80,756 75,746 85,423

65. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,251 79,346 87,200 84,216 80,526 88,012 73,917 67,414 79,910

70. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,661 71,652 81,662 77,739 72,970 82,584 65,507 57,534 72,760

75. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,331 61,057 73,449 68,440 62,425 74,416 55,000 45,743 63,292

80. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,201 46,859 61,175 55,215 48,070 62,094 42,229 32,641 50,822

85. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,805 30,371 44,685 38,526 31,170 45,373 28,469 20,043 36,141

90. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,898 15,034 26,183 21,196 15,318 26,479 15,864 9,952 21,357

95. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,991 4,895 10,685 7,979 4,873 10,656 6,716 3,675 9,558

100 ...................... 1,737 850 2,460 1,672 804 2,373 1,928 905 2,845
4 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 21, June 28, 2010

increased from 2005 to 2006, to 75.1 for males and 80.2 for females.

Increases in life expectancy for both males and females were a function

of decreases in mortality from heart disease, cancer, chronic lower

respiratory diseases, and stroke. The increase in life expectancy for the

entire population from 2005 to 2006 could have been greater if it was

not for the increase in mortality from unintentional injuries, viral hepatitis, homicide, and kidney disease (11).

The difference in life expectancy between the sexes was 5.1 years

in 2006, increasing from 5.0 in 2005. From 1900 to 1975, the difference

in life expectancy between the sexes increased from 2.0 years to 7.8

years. The increasing gap during these years is attributed to increases

in male mortality due to ischemic heart disease and lung cancer, both

of which increased largely as the result of men’s early and widespread

adoption of cigarette smoking (12,13). Between 1979 and 2004, the

difference in life expectancy between the sexes narrowed from 7.8

years to 5.0 years and then increased slightly to 5.1 from 2005 to 2006.

The general decline in the difference between males and females since

1979 reflects proportionately greater increases in lung cancer mortality

for women than for men and proportionately larger decreases in heart

disease mortality among men (12,13).

From 2005 to 2006, life expectancy increased by 0.4 years to 73.2

years for the black population, and by 0.3 years to 78.2 years for the

white population. The difference in life expectancy between the white

and black populations was 5.0 years in 2006, a historical low. The

difference in life expectancy between the black and white populations

narrowed from 14.6 years in 1900 to 5.7 years in 1982, but increased

to 7.1 years in 1993 before beginning to decline again in 1994 (7.0

years). The increase in the gap from 1983 to 1993 was largely the result

of increases in mortality among the black male population due to HIV

infection and homicide (12,13).

Among the four groups shown in Figure 1, white females continued to have the highest life expectancy at birth (80.6 years), followed

by black females (76.5 years), white males (75.7 years), and black

males (69.7 years). From 2005 to 2006, life expectancy increased 0.4

years for black females (from 76.1 to 76.5) as well as for black males

(from 69.3 to 69.7). Black males experienced an unprecedented decline

in life expectancy every year for the period 1984–1989 (14), but annual

increases in the years 1990–1992, 1994–2004, and 2005–2006. From

2005 to 2006, life expectancy increased by 0.3 years for white males

(from 75.4 to 75.7) and by 0.2 years for white females (from 80.4 to

80.6). Overall, gains in life expectancy between 1980 and 2006 were

5.9 years for black males, 5.0 years for white males, 4.0 years for black

females, and 2.5 years for white females (Table 12).

The 2006 life table may be used to compare life expectancy at

any age from birth onward. On the basis of mortality experienced in

2006, a person aged 65 could expect to live an average of 18.5 more

years for a total of 83.5 years, and a person aged 100 could expect

to live an additional 2.3 years on average (Table A). Life expectancy

at age 100, particularly for the black population, should be interpreted

with caution as these figures may be affected somewhat by age

misreporting (15,16,17).

Survivorship in the United States

Table B summarizes the number of survivors out of 100,000

persons born alive (l

x) by age, race, and sex. Table 10 shows trends

in survivorship from 1900 through 2006. In 2006, 99.3 percent of all

infants born in the United States survived the first year of life. In

contrast, only 87.6 percent of infants born in 1900 survived the first

year. Fifty-four percent of the 2006 synthetic life table cohort survived

to age 80 and about 1.7 percent survived to age 100. In 1900, the

median age at death was 58 and only 0.03 percent survived to age

100.

Among the four groups shown in Figure 2 and Table B, white

females have the highest median age at death with about 49 percent

surviving to age 84. Of the original hypothetical cohort of 100,000 infant

white females, 99.1 percent survive to age 20, 88 percent to age 65,

and 45.4 percent to age 85. For white males and black females, the

pattern of survival by age is similar. White males have slightly higher

survival rates than black females at the younger ages with 98.7 percent

surviving to age 20 and 80.5 percent surviving to age 65 compared with

98.3 percent and 79.9 percent, respectively, for black females. At the

older ages, in contrast, black female survival surpasses white male

survival. At age 85, white male survival is 31.2 percent compared with

36.1 percent for black females. This crossover, which occurs at age 75,

is clearly shown in Figure 2. The median age at death for black males

is 73 years, which is 11 years less than that of white females. For black

males, 97.5 percent survive to age 20, 67.4 percent to age 65, and

20 percent to age 85. By age 100, there is very little difference between

the white and black populations in terms of survival. Less than 1 percent

of white and black males and slightly over 2 percent of white and black

females, respectively, survive to age 100.

Plotting the percentage surviving by age for the periods

1900–1902, 1949–1951, and 2006 shows an increasingly rectangular

survival curve (Figure 3). That is, the survival curve has become

increasingly flat in response to progressively lower mortality, particularly

at the younger ages, and increasingly vertical at the older ages. The Age in years 

85 

80 

75 

70 

Black female 

White female 

White male 

65 

60 

Black male 

0 

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2006 

Year 

SOURCE: CDC/NCHS, National Vital Statistics System. 

Figure 1. Life expectancy at birth, by race and sex:

United States, 1970–2006
National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 21, June 28, 2010 5

survival curve for the period 1900–1902 shows a rapid decline in

survival in the first few years of life and a relatively steady decline

thereafter. In contrast, the survival curve for 2006 is nearly flat until

about age 50 after which the decline in survival becomes more rapid.

Improvements in survival between the periods 1900–1902 and

1949–1951 occurred at all ages, although the largest improvements

were among the younger population. Between 1949–1951 and 2006,

improvements occurred primarily for the older population.

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Government Printing Office. 1971.

Percent surviving 

100 

90 

80 

70 

60 

50 

40 

30 

20 

10 

0 

White male 

White female 

Black male 

Black female 

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 

Age in years 

1
 

SOURCE: CDC/NCHS, National Vital Statistics System.
 

Figure 2. Percentage surviving, by age, race, and sex: United States, 2006 Percent surviving 

SOURCES: CDC/NCHS, National Vital Statistics System and state death-registration data. Age in years 

01 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 

1900–1902 

1949–1951 

2006 

0 

20 

40 

60 

80 

100 

Figure 3. Percentage surviving, by age: Death-registration states, 1900–1902, and United States, 1949–1951 and 2006
6 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 21, June 28, 2010

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National Center for Health Statistics. U.S. decennial life tables for

1989–91, vol 1 no 3, some trends and comparisons of United States

life table data: 1900–91. Hyattsville, MD. 1999.

13.

Waldron I. Recent trends in sex mortality ratios for adults in developed

countries. Soc Sci Med 36(4):451–62. 1993.

14.

Kochanek KD, Maurer JD, Rosenberg HM. Causes of death contributing to changes in life expectancy: United States, 1984–89. National

Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 20(23). 1994.

15.

Anderson RN. A method for constructing complete annual U.S. life

tables. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 2(129).

1999.

16.

Kestenbaum B. A description of the extreme aged population based on

improved Medicare enrollment data. Demography 29(4):565–80. 1992.

17.

Coale AJ, Kisker EE. Defects in data on old-age mortality in the United

States: New procedures for calculating mortality schedules and life

tables at the highest ages. Asian and Pacific Population Forum 4:1–31.

1990.

18.

Anderson RN, Arias E. The effect of revised populations on mortality

statistics for the United States, 2000. National vital statistics reports;

vol 51 no 9. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.

2003.

19.

Greville TNE, Carlson GA. Estimated average length of life in the

death-registration states. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital

statistics—special reports; vol 33 no 9. Washington, DC: Public Health

Service. 1951.

20.

Bell FC, Miller ML. Life tables for the United States Social Security

area 1900–2100. Baltimore, MD: Social Security Administration, Office

of the Chief Actuary. SSA Pub. No. 11–11536. 2005.

21.

Research Data Assistance Center. Introduction to the use of Medicare

data for research. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota School of

Public Health. 2004.

22.

Heligman P, Pollard JH. The age pattern of mortality. J Inst Actuar

107(1):49–80. 1980.

23. Hartman M. Past and recent attempts to model mortality at all ages.

Journal Off Stat 3(1):19–36. 1987.

List of Detailed Tables

1. Life table for the total population: United States, 2006 . . .... 7

2. Life table for males: United States, 2006 . . . . . . . . . ...... 9

3. Life table for females: United States, 2006 . . . ........... 11

4. Life table for the white population: United States, 2006. ..... 13

5. Life table for white males: United States, 2006 . .......... 15

6. Life table for white females: United States, 2006 . . . ....... 17

7. Life table for the black population: United States, 2006...... 19

8. Life table for black males: United States, 2006 . . . . . . . .... 21

9. Life table for black females: United States, 2006 . . ........ 23

10. Survivorship by age, race, and sex: Death-registration states,

1900–1902 to 1919–1921, and United States, 1929–1931 to

2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................. 25

11. Life expectancy by age, race, and sex: Death-registration states,

1900–1902 to 1919–1921, and United States, 1929–1931 to

2006 . ...................................... 29

12. Estimated life expectancy at birth in years, by race and sex:

Death-registration states, 1900–1928, and United States,

1929–2006 ................................... 33
National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 21, June 28, 2010 7

Table 1. Life table for the total population: United States, 2006

Age

Probability

of dying

between

ages x to x + 1

Number

surviving to

age x

Number

dying

between

ages x to x + 1

Person-years

lived

between

ages x to x + 1

Total

number of

person-years

lived above

age x

Expectation

of life

at age x

qx l

x dx Lx Tx ex

0–1 .

1–2 .

2–3 .

3–4 .

4–5 .

5–6 .

6–7 .

7–8 .

8–9 .

9–10

10–11

11–12

12–13

13–14

14–15

15–16

16–17

17–18

18–19

19–20

20–21

21–22

22–23

23–24

24–25

25–26

26–27

27–28

28–29

29–30

30–31

31–32

32–33

33–34

34–35

35–36

36–37

37–38

38–39

39–40

40–41

41–42

42–43

43–44

44–45

45–46

46–47

47–48

48–49

49–50

50–51

51–52

52–53

53–54

54–55

55–56

56–57

57–58

58–59

59–60

60–61

61–62

62–63

63–64

64–65

65–66

66–67

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

...................

0.006713

0.000444

0.000300

0.000216

0.000179

0.000168

0.000156

0.000143

0.000125

0.000103

0.000086

0.000088

0.000125

0.000206

0.000317

0.000438

0.000552

0.000657

0.000747

0.000825

0.000905

0.000983

0.001033

0.001049

0.001038

0.001019

0.001006

0.000998

0.001002

0.001018

0.001042

0.001072

0.001113

0.001156

0.001212

0.001276

0.001355

0.001456

0.001585

0.001739

0.001903

0.002077

0.002268

0.002479

0.002706

0.002943

0.003190

0.003453

0.003741

0.004057

0.004405

0.004778

0.005166

0.005554

0.005939

0.006335

0.006760

0.007234

0.007796

0.008470

0.009282

0.010204

0.011178

0.012118

0.013024

0.013999

0.014995

100,000

99,329

99,285

99,255

99,233

99,216

99,199

99,184

99,169

99,157

99,147

99,138

99,130

99,117

99,097

99,065

99,022

98,967

98,902

98,828

98,747

98,658

98,561

98,459

98,355

98,253

98,153

98,055

97,957

97,859

97,759

97,657

97,552

97,444

97,331

97,213

97,089

96,958

96,816

96,663

96,495

96,311

96,111

95,893

95,655

95,397

95,116

94,812

94,485

94,132

93,750

93,337

92,891

92,411

91,898

91,352

90,773

90,160

89,507

88,810

88,057

87,240

86,350

85,385

84,350

83,251

82,086

671

44

30

21

18

17

15

14

12

10

9

9

12

20

31

43

55

65

74

82

89

97

102

103

102

100

99

98

98

100

102

105

109

113

118

124

132

141

153

168

184

200

218

238

259

281

303

327

353

382

413

446

480

513

546

579

614

652

698

752

817

890

965

1,035

1,099

1,165

1,231

99,409

99,307

99,270

99,244

99,225

99,207

99,191

99,177

99,163

99,152

99,143

99,134

99,123

99,107

99,081

99,044

98,995

98,935

98,865

98,788

98,702

98,609

98,510

98,407

98,304

98,203

98,104

98,006

97,908

97,809

97,708

97,605

97,498

97,387

97,272

97,151

97,023

96,887

96,740

96,579

96,403

96,211

96,002

95,774

95,526

95,256

94,964

94,649

94,308

93,941

93,543

93,114

92,651

92,154

91,625

91,063

90,466

89,834

89,158

88,433

87,649

86,795

85,867

84,867

83,801

82,669

81,471

7,770,850

7,671,441

7,572,134

7,472,864

7,373,620

7,274,396

7,175,188

7,075,997

6,976,820

6,877,657

6,778,505

6,679,363

6,580,229

6,481,105

6,381,999

6,282,918

6,183,874

6,084,879

5,985,945

5,887,079

5,788,291

5,689,589

5,590,980

5,492,471

5,394,063

5,295,759

5,197,556

5,099,452

5,001,446

4,903,539

4,805,730

4,708,022

4,610,417

4,512,919

4,415,532

4,318,260

4,221,109

4,124,085

4,027,198

3,930,459

3,833,880

3,737,477

3,641,266

3,545,264

3,449,490

3,353,964

3,258,707

3,163,743

3,069,095

2,974,786

2,880,846

2,787,302

2,694,189

2,601,538

2,509,383

2,417,759

2,326,696

2,236,230

2,146,396

2,057,238

1,968,804

1,881,155

1,794,360

1,708,493

1,623,626

1,539,825

1,457,156

77.7

77.2

76.3

75.3

74.3

73.3

72.3

71.3

70.4

69.4

68.4

67.4

66.4

65.4

64.4

63.4

62.4

61.5

60.5

59.6

58.6

57.7

56.7

55.8

54.8

53.9

53.0

52.0

51.1

50.1

49.2

48.2

47.3

46.3

45.4

44.4

43.5

42.5

41.6

40.7

39.7

38.8

37.9

37.0

36.1

35.2

34.3

33.4

32.5

31.6

30.7

29.9

29.0

28.2

27.3

26.5

25.6

24.8

24.0

23.2

22.4

21.6

20.8

20.0

19.2

18.5

17.8
8 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 21, June 28, 2010

Table 1. Life table for the total population: United States, 2006—Con.

Age

Probability

of dying

between

ages x to x + 1

Number

surviving to

age x

Number

dying

between

ages x to x + 1

Person-years

lived

between

ages x to x + 1

Total

number of

person-years

lived above

age x

Expectation

of life

at age x

qx l

x dx Lx Tx ex

67–68 ................... 0.016161 80,855 1,307 80,202 1,375,686 17.0

68–69 ................... 0.017527 79,548 1,394 78,851 1,295,484 16.3

69–70 ................... 0.019109 78,154 1,493 77,408 1,216,633 15.6

70–71 ................... 0.020890 76,661 1,601 75,860 1,139,225 14.9

71–72 ................... 0.022925 75,059 1,721 74,199 1,063,365 14.2

72–73 ................... 0.025280 73,339 1,854 72,412 989,166 13.5

73–74 ................... 0.027972 71,485 2,000 70,485 916,755 12.8

74–75 ................... 0.030997 69,485 2,154 68,408 846,270 12.2

75–76 ................... 0.034386 67,331 2,315 66,174 777,862 11.6

76–77 ................... 0.038027 65,016 2,472 63,780 711,688 10.9

77–78 ................... 0.042036 62,544 2,629 61,229 647,908 10.4

78–79 ................... 0.046447 59,915 2,783 58,523 586,679 9.8

79–80 ................... 0.051297 57,132 2,931 55,666 528,156 9.2

80–81 ................... 0.056623 54,201 3,069 52,667 472,489 8.7

81–82 ................... 0.062465 51,132 3,194 49,535 419,823 8.2

82–83 ................... 0.068867 47,938 3,301 46,287 370,288 7.7

83–84 ................... 0.075871 44,637 3,387 42,943 324,000 7.3

84–85 ................... 0.083524 41,250 3,445 39,527 281,057 6.8

85–86 ................... 0.091872 37,805 3,473 36,068 241,530 6.4

86–87 ................... 0.100962 34,332 3,466 32,598 205,461 6.0

87–88 ................... 0.110842 30,865 3,421 29,155 172,863 5.6

88–89 ................... 0.121558 27,444 3,336 25,776 143,708 5.2

89–90 ................... 0.133155 24,108 3,210 22,503 117,932 4.9

90–91 ................... 0.145675 20,898 3,044 19,376 95,429 4.6

91–92 ................... 0.159156 17,854 2,842 16,433 76,053 4.3

92–93 ................... 0.173631 15,012 2,607 13,709 59,620 4.0

93–94 ................... 0.189127 12,406 2,346 11,232 45,911 3.7

94–95 ................... 0.205661 10,059 2,069 9,025 34,679 3.4

95–96 ................... 0.223242 7,991 1,784 7,099 25,654 3.2

96–97 ................... 0.241869 6,207 1,501 5,456 18,555 3.0

97–98 ................... 0.261527 4,706 1,231 4,090 13,099 2.8

98–99 ................... 0.282188 3,475 981 2,985 9,009 2.6

99–100................... 0.303810 2,494 758 2,115 6,024 2.4

100 and over ............... 1.00000 1,737 1,737 3,909 3,909 2.3
National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 21, June 28, 2010 9

Table 2. Life table for males: United States, 2006

Age

Probability

of dying

between

ages x to x + 1

Number

surviving to

age x

Number

dying

between

ages x to x + 1

Person-years

lived

between

ages x to x + 1

Total

number of

person-years

lived above

age x

Expectation

of life

at age x

qx l

x dx Lx Tx ex

0–1 .................... 0.007344 100,000 734 99,354 7,512,716 75.1

1–2 .................... 0.000460 99,266 46 99,243 7,413,362 74.7

2–3 .................... 0.000322 99,220 32 99,204 7,314,119 73.7

3–4 .................... 0.000245 99,188 24 99,176 7,214,915 72.7

4–5 .................... 0.000195 99,164 19 99,154 7,115,739 71.8

5–6 .................... 0.000186 99,144 18 99,135 7,016,585 70.8

6–7 .................... 0.000176 99,126 17 99,117 6,917,450 69.8

7–8 .................... 0.000163 99,108 16 99,100 6,818,333 68.8

8–9 .................... 0.000139 99,092 14 99,085 6,719,233 67.8

9–10 ................... 0.000107 99,079 11 99,073 6,620,147 66.8

10–11 ................... 0.000081 99,068 8 99,064 6,521,074 65.8

11–12 ................... 0.000083 99,060 8 99,056 6,422,010 64.8

12–13 ................... 0.000136 99,052 14 99,045 6,322,954 63.8

13–14 ................... 0.000254 99,038 25 99,026 6,223,909 62.8

14–15 ................... 0.000418 99,013 41 98,992 6,124,884 61.9

15–16 ................... 0.000594 98,972 59 98,942 6,025,891 60.9

16–17 ................... 0.000759 98,913 75 98,875 5,926,949 59.9

17–18 ................... 0.000918 98,838 91 98,792 5,828,074 59.0

18–19 ................... 0.001063 98,747 105 98,694 5,729,282 58.0

19–20 ................... 0.001193 98,642 118 98,583 5,630,587 57.1

20–21 ................... 0.001329 98,524 131 98,459 5,532,004 56.1

21–22 ................... 0.001456 98,393 143 98,322 5,433,546 55.2

22–23 ................... 0.001536 98,250 151 98,175 5,335,224 54.3

23–24 ................... 0.001554 98,099 152 98,023 5,237,049 53.4

24–25 ................... 0.001526 97,947 149 97,872 5,139,026 52.5

25–26 ................... 0.001480 97,797 145 97,725 5,041,154 51.5

26–27 ................... 0.001443 97,653 141 97,582 4,943,430 50.6

27–28 ................... 0.001416 97,512 138 97,443 4,845,847 49.7

28–29 ................... 0.001408 97,374 137 97,305 4,748,405 48.8

29–30 ................... 0.001418 97,236 138 97,168 4,651,100 47.8

30–31 ................... 0.001437 97,099 140 97,029 4,553,932 46.9

31–32 ................... 0.001460 96,959 142 96,888 4,456,904 46.0

32–33 ................... 0.001500 96,817 145 96,745 4,360,015 45.0

33–34 ................... 0.001535 96,672 148 96,598 4,263,271 44.1

34–35 ................... 0.001589 96,524 153 96,447 4,166,672 43.2

35–36 ................... 0.001653 96,371 159 96,291 4,070,225 42.2

36–37 ................... 0.001737 96,211 167 96,128 3,973,934 41.3

37–38 ................... 0.001851 96,044 178 95,955 3,877,807 40.4

38–39 ................... 0.002001 95,866 192 95,770 3,781,851 39.4

39–40 ................... 0.002183 95,675 209 95,570 3,686,081 38.5

40–41 ................... 0.002381 95,466 227 95,352 3,590,511 37.6

41–42 ................... 0.002592 95,238 247 95,115 3,495,159 36.7

42–43 ................... 0.002827 94,991 269 94,857 3,400,044 35.8

43–44 ................... 0.003087 94,723 292 94,577 3,305,187 34.9

44–45 ................... 0.003369 94,430 318 94,271 3,210,610 34.0

45–46 ................... 0.003662 94,112 345 93,940 3,116,339 33.1

46–47 ................... 0.003970 93,768 372 93,582 3,022,398 32.2

47–48 ................... 0.004309 93,395 402 93,194 2,928,817 31.4

48–49 ................... 0.004694 92,993 436 92,775 2,835,623 30.5

49–50 ................... 0.005125 92,556 474 92,319 2,742,848 29.6

50–51 ................... 0.005602 92,082 516 91,824 2,650,529 28.8

51–52 ................... 0.006107 91,566 559 91,287 2,558,705 27.9

52–53 ................... 0.006617 91,007 602 90,706 2,467,418 27.1

53–54 ................... 0.007104 90,405 642 90,084 2,376,712 26.3

54–55 ................... 0.007570 89,763 680 89,423 2,286,628 25.5

55–56 ................... 0.008042 89,083 716 88,725 2,197,205 24.7

56–57 ................... 0.008550 88,367 756 87,989 2,108,480 23.9

57–58 ................... 0.009114 87,611 798 87,212 2,020,491 23.1

58–59 ................... 0.009781 86,813 849 86,388 1,933,279 22.3

59–60 ................... 0.010582 85,964 910 85,509 1,846,891 21.5

60–61 ................... 0.011543 85,054 982 84,563 1,761,382 20.7

61–62 ................... 0.012632 84,072 1,062 83,541 1,676,819 19.9

62–63 ................... 0.013798 83,010 1,145 82,438 1,593,278 19.2

63–64 ................... 0.014946 81,865 1,224 81,253 1,510,840 18.5

64–65 ................... 0.016067 80,641 1,296 79,993 1,429,587 17.7

65–66 ................... 0.017272 79,346 1,370 78,660 1,349,594 17.0

66–67 ................... 0.018518 77,975 1,444 77,253 1,270,933 16.3
10 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 21, June 28, 2010

Table 2. Life table for males: United States, 2006—Con.

Age

Probability

of dying

between

ages x to x + 1

Number

surviving to

age x

Number

dying

between

ages x to x + 1

Person-years

lived

between

ages x to x + 1

Total

number of

person-years

lived above

age x

Expectation

of life

at age x

qx l

x dx Lx Tx ex

67–68 ................... 0.019974 76,531 1,529 75,767 1,193,680 15.6

68–69 ................... 0.021630 75,003 1,622 74,191 1,117,913 14.9

69–70 ................... 0.023559 73,380 1,729 72,516 1,043,722 14.2

70–71 ................... 0.025737 71,652 1,844 70,729 971,206 13.6

71–72 ................... 0.028223 69,807 1,970 68,822 900,477 12.9

72–73 ................... 0.031103 67,837 2,110 66,782 831,654 12.3

73–74 ................... 0.034372 65,727 2,259 64,598 764,872 11.6

74–75 ................... 0.037995 63,468 2,411 62,262 700,274 11.0

75–76 ................... 0.042023 61,057 2,566 59,774 638,012 10.4

76–77 ................... 0.046338 58,491 2,710 57,136 578,238 9.9

77–78 ................... 0.051072 55,780 2,849 54,356 521,103 9.3

78–79 ................... 0.056262 52,932 2,978 51,443 466,747 8.8

79–80 ................... 0.061944 49,954 3,094 48,406 415,304 8.3

80–81 ................... 0.068159 46,859 3,194 45,262 366,898 7.8

81–82 ................... 0.074947 43,665 3,273 42,029 321,636 7.4

82–83 ................... 0.082352 40,393 3,326 38,730 279,606 6.9

83–84 ................... 0.090417 37,066 3,351 35,391 240,877 6.5

84–85 ................... 0.099186 33,715 3,344 32,043 205,486 6.1

85–86 ................... 0.108704 30,371 3,301 28,720 173,443 5.7

86–87 ................... 0.119015 27,069 3,222 25,459 144,723 5.3

87–88 ................... 0.130161 23,848 3,104 22,296 119,265 5.0

88–89 ................... 0.142182 20,744 2,949 19,269 96,969 4.7

89–90 ................... 0.155116 17,794 2,760 16,414 77,700 4.4

90–91 ................... 0.168995 15,034 2,541 13,764 61,286 4.1

91–92 ................... 0.183844 12,493 2,297 11,345 47,522 3.8

92–93 ................... 0.199686 10,197 2,036 9,179 36,177 3.5

93–94 ................... 0.216530 8,160 1,767 7,277 26,998 3.3

94–95 ................... 0.234379 6,394 1,499 5,644 19,721 3.1

95–96 ................... 0.253223 4,895 1,240 4,275 14,077 2.9

96–97 ................... 0.273043 3,655 998 3,156 9,802 2.7

97–98 ................... 0.293803 2,657 781 2,267 6,645 2.5

98–99 ................... 0.315457 1,877 592 1,581 4,378 2.3

99–100................... 0.337943 1,285 434 1,068 2,798 2.2

100 and over ............... 1.00000 850 850 1,730 1,730 2.0
National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 21, June 28, 2010 11

Table 3. Life table for females: United States, 2006

Age

Probability

of dying

between

ages x to x + 1

Number

surviving to

age x

Number

dying

between

ages x to x + 1

Person-years

lived

between

ages x to x + 1

Total

number of

person-years

lived above

age x

Expectation

of life

at age x

qx l

x dx Lx Tx ex

0–1 .................... 0.006051 100,000 605 99,467 8,020,082 80.2

1–2 .................... 0.000427 99,395 42 99,374 7,920,615 79.7

2–3 .................... 0.000276 99,352 27 99,339 7,821,242 78.7

3–4 .................... 0.000185 99,325 18 99,316 7,721,903 77.7

4–5 .................... 0.000162 99,307 16 99,299 7,622,587 76.8

5–6 .................... 0.000149 99,291 15 99,283 7,523,288 75.8

6–7 .................... 0.000134 99,276 13 99,269 7,424,005 74.8

7–8 .................... 0.000123 99,262 12 99,256 7,324,736 73.8

8–9 .................... 0.000111 99,250 11 99,245 7,225,480 72.8

9–10 ................... 0.000099 99,239 10 99,234 7,126,235 71.8

10–11 ................... 0.000091 99,229 9 99,225 7,027,001 70.8

11–12 ................... 0.000093 99,220 9 99,216 6,927,776 69.8

12–13 ................... 0.000113 99,211 11 99,206 6,828,560 68.8

13–14 ................... 0.000155 99,200 15 99,192 6,729,354 67.8

14–15 ................... 0.000211 99,185 21 99,174 6,630,162 66.8

15–16 ................... 0.000275 99,164 27 99,150 6,530,988 65.9

16–17 ................... 0.000334 99,137 33 99,120 6,431,838 64.9

17–18 ................... 0.000382 99,103 38 99,085 6,332,718 63.9

18–19 ................... 0.000414 99,066 41 99,045 6,233,633 62.9

19–20 ................... 0.000434 99,025 43 99,003 6,134,588 62.0

20–21 ................... 0.000453 98,982 45 98,959 6,035,585 61.0

21–22 ................... 0.000475 98,937 47 98,913 5,936,626 60.0

22–23 ................... 0.000494 98,890 49 98,865 5,837,712 59.0

23–24 ................... 0.000508 98,841 50 98,816 5,738,847 58.1

24–25 ................... 0.000519 98,791 51 98,765 5,640,031 57.1

25–26 ................... 0.000532 98,739 52 98,713 5,541,266 56.1

26–27 ................... 0.000546 98,687 54 98,660 5,442,553 55.1

27–28 ................... 0.000562 98,633 55 98,605 5,343,893 54.2

28–29 ................... 0.000580 98,578 57 98,549 5,245,288 53.2

29–30 ................... 0.000604 98,520 59 98,491 5,146,738 52.2

30–31 ................... 0.000634 98,461 62 98,430 5,048,248 51.3

31–32 ................... 0.000671 98,399 66 98,366 4,949,818 50.3

32–33 ................... 0.000718 98,333 71 98,297 4,851,452 49.3

33–34 ................... 0.000769 98,262 76 98,224 4,753,155 48.4

34–35 ................... 0.000829 98,186 81 98,146 4,654,931 47.4

35–36 ................... 0.000893 98,105 88 98,061 4,556,785 46.4

36–37 ................... 0.000967 98,017 95 97,970 4,458,724 45.5

37–38 ................... 0.001057 97,923 103 97,871 4,360,754 44.5

38–39 ................... 0.001166 97,819 114 97,762 4,262,883 43.6

39–40 ................... 0.001293 97,705 126 97,642 4,165,120 42.6

40–41 ................... 0.001425 97,579 139 97,509 4,067,478 41.7

41–42 ................... 0.001563 97,440 152 97,364 3,969,969 40.7

42–43 ................... 0.001713 97,288 167 97,204 3,872,605 39.8

43–44 ................... 0.001877 97,121 182 97,030 3,775,401 38.9

44–45 ................... 0.002052 96,939 199 96,839 3,678,371 37.9

45–46 ................... 0.002236 96,740 216 96,632 3,581,532 37.0

46–47 ................... 0.002425 96,523 234 96,406 3,484,901 36.1

47–48 ................... 0.002617 96,289 252 96,163 3,388,494 35.2

48–49 ................... 0.002812 96,037 270 95,902 3,292,331 34.3

49–50 ................... 0.003020 95,767 289 95,623 3,196,429 33.4

50–51 ................... 0.003247 95,478 310 95,323 3,100,806 32.5

51–52 ................... 0.003497 95,168 333 95,002 3,005,483 31.6

52–53 ................... 0.003773 94,835 358 94,656 2,910,482 30.7

53–54 ................... 0.004070 94,477 384 94,285 2,815,825 29.8

54–55 ................... 0.004383 94,093 412 93,887 2,721,540 28.9

55–56 ................... 0.004710 93,681 441 93,460 2,627,653 28.0

56–57 ................... 0.005061 93,239 472 93,003 2,534,193 27.2

57–58 ................... 0.005457 92,767 506 92,514 2,441,190 26.3

58–59 ................... 0.005928 92,261 547 91,988 2,348,676 25.5

59–60 ................... 0.006494 91,714 596 91,416 2,256,688 24.6

60–61 ................... 0.007183 91,119 654 90,791 2,165,272 23.8

61–62 ................... 0.007966 90,464 721 90,104 2,074,481 22.9

62–63 ................... 0.008781 89,743 788 89,349 1,984,377 22.1

63–64 ................... 0.009551 88,955 850 88,531 1,895,027 21.3

64–65 ................... 0.010282 88,106 906 87,653 1,806,497 20.5

65–66 ................... 0.011073 87,200 966 86,717 1,718,844 19.7

66–67 ................... 0.011885 86,234 1,025 85,722 1,632,127 18.9
12 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 21, June 28, 2010

Table 3. Life table for females: United States, 2006—Con.

Age

Probability

of dying

between

ages x to x + 1

Number

surviving to

age x

Number

dying

between

ages x to x + 1

Person-years

lived

between

ages x to x + 1

Total

number of

person-years

lived above

age x

Expectation

of life

at age x

qx l

x dx Lx Tx ex

67–68 ................... 0.012855 85,209 1,095 84,662 1,546,405 18.1

68–69 ................... 0.014010 84,114 1,178 83,525 1,461,743 17.4

69–70 ................... 0.015359 82,936 1,274 82,299 1,378,218 16.6

70–71 ................... 0.016895 81,662 1,380 80,972 1,295,919 15.9

71–72 ................... 0.018652 80,282 1,497 79,534 1,214,947 15.1

72–73 ................... 0.020679 78,785 1,629 77,970 1,135,414 14.4

73–74 ................... 0.022999 77,156 1,774 76,268 1,057,444 13.7

74–75 ................... 0.025637 75,381 1,933 74,415 981,175 13.0

75–76 ................... 0.028641 73,449 2,104 72,397 906,760 12.3

76–77 ................... 0.031894 71,345 2,275 70,207 834,363 11.7

77–78 ................... 0.035502 69,070 2,452 67,844 764,156 11.1

78–79 ................... 0.039502 66,617 2,631 65,302 696,313 10.5

79–80 ................... 0.043932 63,986 2,811 62,580 631,011 9.9

80–81 ................... 0.048833 61,175 2,987 59,681 568,430 9.3

81–82 ................... 0.054251 58,188 3,157 56,609 508,749 8.7

82–83 ................... 0.060231 55,031 3,315 53,374 452,140 8.2

83–84 ................... 0.066824 51,716 3,456 49,988 398,766 7.7

84–85 ................... 0.074082 48,260 3,575 46,473 348,778 7.2

85–86 ................... 0.082058 44,685 3,667 42,852 302,305 6.8

86–87 ................... 0.090810 41,018 3,725 39,156 259,453 6.3

87–88 ................... 0.100392 37,294 3,744 35,422 220,297 5.9

88–89 ................... 0.110863 33,550 3,719 31,690 184,876 5.5

89–90 ................... 0.122277 29,830 3,648 28,006 153,186 5.1

90–91 ................... 0.134688 26,183 3,526 24,419 125,179 4.8

91–92 ................... 0.148146 22,656 3,356 20,978 100,760 4.4

92–93 ................... 0.162697 19,300 3,140 17,730 79,782 4.1

93–94 ................... 0.178377 16,160 2,883 14,718 62,052 3.8

94–95 ................... 0.195216 13,277 2,592 11,981 47,334 3.6

95–96 ................... 0.213232 10,685 2,278 9,546 35,352 3.3

96–97 ................... 0.232430 8,407 1,954 7,430 25,806 3.1

97–98 ................... 0.252802 6,453 1,631 5,637 18,376 2.8

98–99 ................... 0.274321 4,822 1,323 4,160 12,739 2.6

99–100................... 0.296944 3,499 1,039 2,979 8,579 2.5

100 and over ............... 1.00000 2,460 2,460 5,600 5,600 2.3
National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 21, June 28, 2010 13

Table 4. Life table for the white population: United States, 2006

Age

Probability

of dying

between

ages x to x + 1

Number

surviving to

age x

Number

dying

between

ages x to x + 1

Person-years

lived

between

ages x to x + 1

Total

number of

person-years

lived above

age x

Expectation

of life

at age x

qx l

x dx Lx Tx ex

0–1 .................... 0.005577 100,000 558 99,510 7,815,546 78.2

1–2 .................... 0.000394 99,442 39 99,423 7,716,036 77.6

2–3 .................... 0.000265 99,403 26 99,390 7,616,613 76.6

3–4 .................... 0.000199 99,377 20 99,367 7,517,223 75.6

4–5 .................... 0.000165 99,357 16 99,349 7,417,856 74.7

5–6 .................... 0.000153 99,341 15 99,333 7,318,507 73.7

6–7 .................... 0.000143 99,325 14 99,318 7,219,174 72.7

7–8 .................... 0.000132 99,311 13 99,305 7,119,856 71.7

8–9 .................... 0.000116 99,298 12 99,292 7,020,551 70.7

9–10 ................... 0.000096 99,287 10 99,282 6,921,259 69.7

10–11 ................... 0.000080 99,277 8 99,273 6,821,977 68.7

11–12 ................... 0.000082 99,269 8 99,265 6,722,704 67.7

12–13 ................... 0.000118 99,261 12 99,255 6,623,439 66.7

13–14 ................... 0.000195 99,249 19 99,240 6,524,184 65.7

14–15 ................... 0.000301 99,230 30 99,215 6,424,944 64.7

15–16 ................... 0.000416 99,200 41 99,179 6,325,730 63.8

16–17 ................... 0.000523 99,159 52 99,133 6,226,550 62.8

17–18 ................... 0.000622 99,107 62 99,076 6,127,417 61.8

18–19 ................... 0.000709 99,045 70 99,010 6,028,341 60.9

19–20 ................... 0.000783 98,975 77 98,936 5,929,331 59.9

20–21 ................... 0.000860 98,898 85 98,855 5,830,395 59.0

21–22 ................... 0.000933 98,813 92 98,766 5,731,540 58.0

22–23 ................... 0.000979 98,720 97 98,672 5,632,773 57.1

23–24 ................... 0.000990 98,624 98 98,575 5,534,101 56.1

24–25 ................... 0.000976 98,526 96 98,478 5,435,526 55.2

25–26 ................... 0.000953 98,430 94 98,383 5,337,048 54.2

26–27 ................... 0.000935 98,336 92 98,290 5,238,665 53.3

27–28 ................... 0.000924 98,244 91 98,199 5,140,374 52.3

28–29 ................... 0.000926 98,153 91 98,108 5,042,176 51.4

29–30 ................... 0.000940 98,063 92 98,017 4,944,068 50.4

30–31 ................... 0.000961 97,970 94 97,923 4,846,051 49.5

31–32 ................... 0.000988 97,876 97 97,828 4,748,128 48.5

32–33 ................... 0.001027 97,780 100 97,729 4,650,300 47.6

33–34 ................... 0.001067 97,679 104 97,627 4,552,570 46.6

34–35 ................... 0.001119 97,575 109 97,520 4,454,943 45.7

35–36 ................... 0.001178 97,466 115 97,408 4,357,423 44.7

36–37 ................... 0.001252 97,351 122 97,290 4,260,015 43.8

37–38 ................... 0.001347 97,229 131 97,164 4,162,724 42.8

38–39 ................... 0.001470 97,098 143 97,027 4,065,561 41.9

39–40 ................... 0.001616 96,955 157 96,877 3,968,534 40.9

40–41 ................... 0.001773 96,799 172 96,713 3,871,657 40.0

41–42 ................... 0.001937 96,627 187 96,534 3,774,944 39.1

42–43 ................... 0.002117 96,440 204 96,338 3,678,411 38.1

43–44 ................... 0.002314 96,236 223 96,124 3,582,073 37.2

44–45 ................... 0.002524 96,013 242 95,892 3,485,948 36.3

45–46 ................... 0.002745 95,771 263 95,639 3,390,057 35.4

46–47 ................... 0.002974 95,508 284 95,366 3,294,417 34.5

47–48 ................... 0.003216 95,224 306 95,071 3,199,052 33.6

48–49 ................... 0.003478 94,918 330 94,753 3,103,981 32.7

49–50 ................... 0.003766 94,587 356 94,409 3,009,228 31.8

50–51 ................... 0.004083 94,231 385 94,039 2,914,819 30.9

51–52 ................... 0.004427 93,846 415 93,639 2,820,780 30.1

52–53 ................... 0.004789 93,431 447 93,207 2,727,141 29.2

53–54 ................... 0.005159 92,984 480 92,744 2,633,934 28.3

54–55 ................... 0.005532 92,504 512 92,248 2,541,190 27.5

55–56 ................... 0.005915 91,992 544 91,720 2,448,942 26.6

56–57 ................... 0.006327 91,448 579 91,159 2,357,222 25.8

57–58 ................... 0.006793 90,869 617 90,561 2,266,064 24.9

58–59 ................... 0.007351 90,252 663 89,920 2,175,503 24.1

59–60 ................... 0.008024 89,589 719 89,229 2,085,583 23.3

60–61 ................... 0.008838 88,870 785 88,477 1,996,353 22.5

61–62 ................... 0.009758 88,084 860 87,655 1,907,876 21.7

62–63 ................... 0.010721 87,225 935 86,757 1,820,222 20.9

63–64 ................... 0.011644 86,290 1,005 85,787 1,733,464 20.1

64–65 ................... 0.012532 85,285 1,069 84,751 1,647,677 19.3

65–66 ................... 0.013499 84,216 1,137 83,648 1,562,926 18.6

66–67 ................... 0.014505 83,079 1,205 82,477 1,479,279 17.8
14 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 21, June 28, 2010
 

Table 4. Life table for the white population: United States, 2006—Con.
 

Age

Probability

of dying

between

ages x to x + 1

Number

surviving to

age x

Number

dying

between

ages x to x + 1

Person-years

lived

between

ages x to x + 1

Total

number of

person-years

lived above

age x

Expectation

of life

at age x

qx l

x dx Lx Tx ex

67–68 ................... 0.015683 81,874 1,284 81,232 1,396,802 17.1

68–69 ................... 0.017058 80,590 1,375 79,903 1,315,570 16.3

69–70 ................... 0.018645 79,215 1,477 78,477 1,235,667 15.6

70–71 ................... 0.020428 77,739 1,588 76,944 1,157,190 14.9

71–72 ................... 0.022466 76,150 1,711 75,295 1,080,245 14.2

72–73 ................... 0.024824 74,440 1,848 73,516 1,004,950 13.5

73–74 ................... 0.027512 72,592 1,997 71,593 931,435 12.8

74–75 ................... 0.030528 70,595 2,155 69,517 859,841 12.2

75–76 ................... 0.033904 68,440 2,320 67,279 790,324 11.5

76–77 ................... 0.037564 66,119 2,484 64,877 723,045 10.9

77–78 ................... 0.041602 63,635 2,647 62,312 658,168 10.3

78–79 ................... 0.046053 60,988 2,809 59,584 595,856 9.8

79–80 ................... 0.050955 58,179 2,965 56,697 536,272 9.2

80–81 ................... 0.056348 55,215 3,111 53,659 479,575 8.7

81–82 ................... 0.062274 52,104 3,245 50,481 425,915 8.2

82–83 ................... 0.068778 48,859 3,360 47,179 375,434 7.7

83–84 ................... 0.075906 45,499 3,454 43,772 328,255 7.2

84–85 ................... 0.083707 42,045 3,519 40,285 284,483 6.8

85–86 ................... 0.092229 38,526 3,553 36,749 244,198 6.3

86–87 ................... 0.101523 34,972 3,551 33,197 207,449 5.9

87–88 ................... 0.111639 31,422 3,508 29,668 174,252 5.5

88–89 ................... 0.122624 27,914 3,423 26,203 144,584 5.2

89–90 ................... 0.134527 24,491 3,295 22,844 118,381 4.8

90–91 ................... 0.147391 21,196 3,124 19,634 95,538 4.5

91–92 ................... 0.161257 18,072 2,914 16,615 75,903 4.2

92–93 ................... 0.176157 15,158 2,670 13,823 59,288 3.9

93–94 ................... 0.192118 12,488 2,399 11,288 45,466 3.6

94–95 ................... 0.209159 10,089 2,110 9,034 34,177 3.4

95–96 ................... 0.227285 7,979 1,813 7,072 25,144 3.2

96–97 ................... 0.246493 6,165 1,520 5,405 18,072 2.9

97–98 ................... 0.266764 4,645 1,239 4,026 12,667 2.7

98–99 ................... 0.288065 3,406 981 2,916 8,641 2.5

99–100................... 0.310347 2,425 753 2,049 5,725 2.4

100 and over ............... 1.00000 1,672 1,672 3,677 3,677 2.2
National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 21, June 28, 2010 15

Table 5. Life table for white males: United States, 2006

Age

Probability

of dying

between

ages x to x + 1

Number

surviving to

age x

Number

dying

between

ages x to x + 1

Person-years

lived

between

ages x to x + 1

Total

number of

person-years

lived above

age x

Expectation

of life

at age x

qx l

x dx Lx Tx ex

0–1 .................... 0.006119 100,000 612 99,462 7,566,361 75.7

1–2 .................... 0.000398 99,388 40 99,368 7,466,899 75.1

2–3 .................... 0.000296 99,349 29 99,334 7,367,531 74.2

3–4 .................... 0.000227 99,319 22 99,308 7,268,197 73.2

4–5 .................... 0.000182 99,297 18 99,288 7,168,889 72.2

5–6 .................... 0.000171 99,279 17 99,270 7,069,601 71.2

6–7 .................... 0.000161 99,262 16 99,254 6,970,331 70.2

7–8 .................... 0.000148 99,246 15 99,238 6,871,078 69.2

8–9 .................... 0.000127 99,231 13 99,225 6,771,839 68.2

9–10 ................... 0.000100 99,218 10 99,213 6,672,615 67.3

10–11 ................... 0.000079 99,208 8 99,205 6,573,401 66.3

11–12 ................... 0.000082 99,201 8 99,197 6,474,197 65.3

12–13 ................... 0.000132 99,192 13 99,186 6,375,000 64.3

13–14 ................... 0.000240 99,179 24 99,167 6,275,814 63.3

14–15 ................... 0.000390 99,155 39 99,136 6,176,647 62.3

15–16 ................... 0.000549 99,117 54 99,090 6,077,511 61.3

16–17 ................... 0.000699 99,062 69 99,028 5,978,421 60.4

17–18 ................... 0.000846 98,993 84 98,951 5,879,393 59.4

18–19 ................... 0.000986 98,909 98 98,861 5,780,442 58.4

19–20 ................... 0.001115 98,812 110 98,757 5,681,581 57.5

20–21 ................... 0.001250 98,702 123 98,640 5,582,824 56.6

21–22 ................... 0.001374 98,578 135 98,511 5,484,184 55.6

22–23 ................... 0.001449 98,443 143 98,372 5,385,674 54.7

23–24 ................... 0.001462 98,300 144 98,229 5,287,302 53.8

24–25 ................... 0.001428 98,157 140 98,087 5,189,073 52.9

25–26 ................... 0.001377 98,017 135 97,949 5,090,987 51.9

26–27 ................... 0.001335 97,882 131 97,816 4,993,038 51.0

27–28 ................... 0.001304 97,751 127 97,687 4,895,221 50.1

28–29 ................... 0.001294 97,624 126 97,560 4,797,534 49.1

29–30 ................... 0.001303 97,497 127 97,434 4,699,974 48.2

30–31 ................... 0.001322 97,370 129 97,306 4,602,540 47.3

31–32 ................... 0.001345 97,241 131 97,176 4,505,234 46.3

32–33 ................... 0.001382 97,111 134 97,044 4,408,058 45.4

33–34 ................... 0.001417 96,976 137 96,908 4,311,015 44.5

34–35 ................... 0.001469 96,839 142 96,768 4,214,107 43.5

35–36 ................... 0.001530 96,697 148 96,623 4,117,339 42.6

36–37 ................... 0.001610 96,549 155 96,471 4,020,716 41.6

37–38 ................... 0.001721 96,393 166 96,311 3,924,245 40.7

38–39 ................... 0.001868 96,228 180 96,138 3,827,934 39.8

39–40 ................... 0.002046 96,048 197 95,950 3,731,796 38.9

40–41 ................... 0.002241 95,851 215 95,744 3,635,847 37.9

41–42 ................... 0.002445 95,637 234 95,520 3,540,103 37.0

42–43 ................... 0.002670 95,403 255 95,275 3,444,583 36.1

43–44 ................... 0.002915 95,148 277 95,009 3,349,308 35.2

44–45 ................... 0.003177 94,871 301 94,720 3,254,298 34.3

45–46 ................... 0.003449 94,569 326 94,406 3,159,578 33.4

46–47 ................... 0.003735 94,243 352 94,067 3,065,172 32.5

47–48 ................... 0.004045 93,891 380 93,701 2,971,105 31.6

48–49 ................... 0.004393 93,511 411 93,306 2,877,404 30.8

49–50 ................... 0.004782 93,101 445 92,878 2,784,098 29.9

50–51 ................... 0.005211 92,655 483 92,414 2,691,220 29.0

51–52 ................... 0.005668 92,173 522 91,911 2,598,806 28.2

52–53 ................... 0.006137 91,650 562 91,369 2,506,895 27.4

53–54 ................... 0.006593 91,088 601 90,787 2,415,526 26.5

54–55 ................... 0.007037 90,487 637 90,169 2,324,738 25.7

55–56 ................... 0.007487 89,850 673 89,514 2,234,569 24.9

56–57 ................... 0.007974 89,178 711 88,822 2,145,055 24.1

57–58 ................... 0.008521 88,467 754 88,090 2,056,233 23.2

58–59 ................... 0.009179 87,713 805 87,310 1,968,143 22.4

59–60 ................... 0.009973 86,908 867 86,474 1,880,833 21.6

60–61 ................... 0.010930 86,041 940 85,571 1,794,359 20.9

61–62 ................... 0.012013 85,100 1,022 84,589 1,708,788 20.1

62–63 ................... 0.013165 84,078 1,107 83,525 1,624,199 19.3

63–64 ................... 0.014293 82,971 1,186 82,378 1,540,674 18.6

64–65 ................... 0.015396 81,785 1,259 81,156 1,458,296 17.8

65–66 ................... 0.016596 80,526 1,336 79,858 1,377,140 17.1

66–67 ................... 0.017847 79,190 1,413 78,483 1,297,282 16.4
16 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 21, June 28, 2010

Table 5. Life table for white males: United States, 2006—Con.

Age

Probability

of dying

between

ages x to x + 1

Number

surviving to

age x

Number

dying

between

ages x to x + 1

Person-years

lived

between

ages x to x + 1

Total

number of

person-years

lived above

age x

Expectation

of life

at age x

qx l

x dx Lx Tx ex

67–68 ................... 0.019290 77,777 1,500 77,026 1,218,799 15.7

68–69 ................... 0.020954 76,276 1,598 75,477 1,141,772 15.0

69–70 ................... 0.022866 74,678 1,708 73,824 1,066,295 14.3

70–71 ................... 0.025004 72,970 1,825 72,058 992,471 13.6

71–72 ................... 0.027456 71,146 1,953 70,169 920,413 12.9

72–73 ................... 0.030320 69,192 2,098 68,143 850,244 12.3

73–74 ................... 0.033597 67,095 2,254 65,967 782,101 11.7

74–75 ................... 0.037249 64,840 2,415 63,633 716,133 11.0

75–76 ................... 0.041289 62,425 2,577 61,136 652,501 10.5

76–77 ................... 0.045637 59,848 2,731 58,482 591,364 9.9

77–78 ................... 0.050419 57,116 2,880 55,676 532,882 9.3

78–79 ................... 0.055672 54,237 3,019 52,727 477,206 8.8

79–80 ................... 0.061438 51,217 3,147 49,644 424,479 8.3

80–81 ................... 0.067757 48,070 3,257 46,442 374,835 7.8

81–82 ................... 0.074675 44,813 3,346 43,140 328,393 7.3

82–83 ................... 0.082238 41,467 3,410 39,762 285,253 6.9

83–84 ................... 0.090491 38,057 3,444 36,335 245,491 6.5

84–85 ................... 0.099482 34,613 3,443 32,891 209,156 6.0

85–86 ................... 0.109259 31,170 3,406 29,467 176,265 5.7

86–87 ................... 0.119870 27,764 3,328 26,100 146,798 5.3

87–88 ................... 0.131359 24,436 3,210 22,831 120,698 4.9

88–89 ................... 0.143769 21,226 3,052 19,700 97,867 4.6

89–90 ................... 0.157140 18,174 2,856 16,746 78,167 4.3

90–91 ................... 0.171505 15,318 2,627 14,005 61,421 4.0

91–92 ................... 0.186892 12,691 2,372 11,505 47,416 3.7

92–93 ................... 0.203321 10,319 2,098 9,270 35,910 3.5

93–94 ................... 0.220802 8,221 1,815 7,314 26,640 3.2

94–95 ................... 0.239334 6,406 1,533 5,639 19,326 3.0

95–96 ................... 0.258905 4,873 1,262 4,242 13,687 2.8

96–97 ................... 0.279489 3,611 1,009 3,107 9,445 2.6

97–98 ................... 0.301044 2,602 783 2,210 6,338 2.4

98–99 ................... 0.323515 1,819 588 1,524 4,128 2.3

99–100................... 0.346831 1,230 427 1,017 2,604 2.1

100 and over ............... 1.00000 804 804 1,587 1,587 2.0
National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 21, June 28, 2010 17

Table 6. Life table for white females: United States, 2006

Age

Probability

of dying

between

ages x to x + 1

Number

surviving to

age x

Number

dying

between

ages x to x + 1

Person-years

lived

between

ages x to x + 1

Total

number of

person-years

lived above

age x

Expectation

of life

at age x

qx l

x dx Lx Tx ex

0–1 .................... 0.005007 100,000 501 99,560 8,058,411 80.6

1–2 .................... 0.000390 99,499 39 99,480 7,958,851 80.0

2–3 .................... 0.000234 99,461 23 99,449 7,859,371 79.0

3–4 .................... 0.000170 99,437 17 99,429 7,759,922 78.0

4–5 .................... 0.000148 99,420 15 99,413 7,660,493 77.1

5–6 .................... 0.000134 99,406 13 99,399 7,561,080 76.1

6–7 .................... 0.000124 99,392 12 99,386 7,461,681 75.1

7–8 .................... 0.000115 99,380 11 99,374 7,362,295 74.1

8–9 .................... 0.000104 99,369 10 99,363 7,262,921 73.1

9–10 ................... 0.000091 99,358 9 99,354 7,163,558 72.1

10–11 ................... 0.000081 99,349 8 99,345 7,064,204 71.1

11–12 ................... 0.000082 99,341 8 99,337 6,964,859 70.1

12–13 ................... 0.000103 99,333 10 99,328 6,865,522 69.1

13–14 ................... 0.000147 99,323 15 99,315 6,766,194 68.1

14–15 ................... 0.000208 99,308 21 99,298 6,666,878 67.1

15–16 ................... 0.000276 99,288 27 99,274 6,567,581 66.1

16–17 ................... 0.000338 99,260 33 99,243 6,468,307 65.2

17–18 ................... 0.000386 99,227 38 99,208 6,369,063 64.2

18–19 ................... 0.000415 99,188 41 99,168 6,269,856 63.2

19–20 ................... 0.000429 99,147 43 99,126 6,170,688 62.2

20–21 ................... 0.000441 99,105 44 99,083 6,071,562 61.3

21–22 ................... 0.000456 99,061 45 99,038 5,972,479 60.3

22–23 ................... 0.000469 99,016 46 98,993 5,873,441 59.3

23–24 ................... 0.000479 98,969 47 98,946 5,774,449 58.3

24–25 ................... 0.000487 98,922 48 98,898 5,675,503 57.4

25–26 ................... 0.000497 98,874 49 98,849 5,576,605 56.4

26–27 ................... 0.000507 98,825 50 98,800 5,477,756 55.4

27–28 ................... 0.000519 98,775 51 98,749 5,378,956 54.5

28–29 ................... 0.000534 98,723 53 98,697 5,280,207 53.5

29–30 ................... 0.000553 98,671 55 98,643 5,181,510 52.5

30–31 ................... 0.000578 98,616 57 98,588 5,082,867 51.5

31–32 ................... 0.000611 98,559 60 98,529 4,984,280 50.6

32–33 ................... 0.000653 98,499 64 98,467 4,885,751 49.6

33–34 ................... 0.000699 98,434 69 98,400 4,787,284 48.6

34–35 ................... 0.000753 98,366 74 98,329 4,688,884 47.7

35–36 ................... 0.000811 98,292 80 98,252 4,590,555 46.7

36–37 ................... 0.000878 98,212 86 98,169 4,492,303 45.7

37–38 ................... 0.000960 98,126 94 98,079 4,394,135 44.8

38–39 ................... 0.001059 98,031 104 97,980 4,296,056 43.8

39–40 ................... 0.001174 97,928 115 97,870 4,198,077 42.9

40–41 ................... 0.001294 97,813 127 97,749 4,100,206 41.9

41–42 ................... 0.001419 97,686 139 97,617 4,002,457 41.0

42–43 ................... 0.001556 97,548 152 97,472 3,904,840 40.0

43–44 ................... 0.001706 97,396 166 97,313 3,807,368 39.1

44–45 ................... 0.001867 97,230 181 97,139 3,710,056 38.2

45–46 ................... 0.002037 97,048 198 96,949 3,612,917 37.2

46–47 ................... 0.002211 96,850 214 96,743 3,515,967 36.3

47–48 ................... 0.002388 96,636 231 96,521 3,419,224 35.4

48–49 ................... 0.002567 96,406 248 96,282 3,322,703 34.5

49–50 ................... 0.002759 96,158 265 96,025 3,226,421 33.6

50–51 ................... 0.002968 95,893 285 95,751 3,130,396 32.6

51–52 ................... 0.003203 95,608 306 95,455 3,034,645 31.7

52–53 ................... 0.003466 95,302 330 95,137 2,939,190 30.8

53–54 ................... 0.003754 94,972 357 94,793 2,844,053 29.9

54–55 ................... 0.004063 94,615 384 94,423 2,749,260 29.1

55–56 ................... 0.004386 94,231 413 94,024 2,654,837 28.2

56–57 ................... 0.004731 93,817 444 93,596 2,560,813 27.3

57–58 ................... 0.005124 93,374 478 93,134 2,467,217 26.4

58–59 ................... 0.005595 92,895 520 92,635 2,374,083 25.6

59–60 ................... 0.006162 92,376 569 92,091 2,281,447 24.7

60–61 ................... 0.006854 91,806 629 91,492 2,189,357 23.8

61–62 ................... 0.007637 91,177 696 90,829 2,097,865 23.0

62–63 ................... 0.008442 90,481 764 90,099 2,007,036 22.2

63–64 ................... 0.009192 89,717 825 89,305 1,916,937 21.4

64–65 ................... 0.009901 88,892 880 88,452 1,827,632 20.6

65–66 ................... 0.010676 88,012 940 87,542 1,739,180 19.8

66–67 ................... 0.011489 87,073 1,000 86,572 1,651,637 19.0
18 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 21, June 28, 2010
 

Table 6. Life table for white females: United States, 2006—Con.
 

Age

Probability

of dying

between

ages x to x + 1

Number

surviving to

age x

Number

dying

between

ages x to x + 1

Person-years

lived

between

ages x to x + 1

Total

number of

person-years

lived above

age x

Expectation

of life

at age x

qx l

x dx Lx Tx ex

67–68 ................... 0.012467 86,072 1,073 85,536 1,565,065 18.2

68–69 ................... 0.013631 84,999 1,159 84,420 1,479,529 17.4

69–70 ................... 0.014990 83,841 1,257 83,212 1,395,109 16.6

70–71 ................... 0.016534 82,584 1,365 81,901 1,311,897 15.9

71–72 ................... 0.018297 81,218 1,486 80,475 1,229,996 15.1

72–73 ................... 0.020323 79,732 1,620 78,922 1,149,521 14.4

73–74 ................... 0.022634 78,112 1,768 77,228 1,070,599 13.7

74–75 ................... 0.025257 76,344 1,928 75,380 993,371 13.0

75–76 ................... 0.028246 74,416 2,102 73,365 917,991 12.3

76–77 ................... 0.031511 72,314 2,279 71,174 844,626 11.7

77–78 ................... 0.035139 70,035 2,461 68,805 773,451 11.0

78–79 ................... 0.039168 67,574 2,647 66,251 704,647 10.4

79–80 ................... 0.043638 64,927 2,833 63,511 638,396 9.8

80–81 ................... 0.048593 62,094 3,017 60,585 574,885 9.3

81–82 ................... 0.054078 59,077 3,195 57,479 514,300 8.7

82–83 ................... 0.060144 55,882 3,361 54,202 456,821 8.2

83–84 ................... 0.066841 52,521 3,511 50,766 402,619 7.7

84–85 ................... 0.074225 49,010 3,638 47,192 351,853 7.2

85–86 ................... 0.082354 45,373 3,737 43,504 304,662 6.7

86–87 ................... 0.091284 41,636 3,801 39,736 261,157 6.3

87–88 ................... 0.101077 37,835 3,824 35,923 221,422 5.9

88–89 ................... 0.111790 34,011 3,802 32,110 185,499 5.5

89–90 ................... 0.123483 30,209 3,730 28,344 153,389 5.1

90–91 ................... 0.136212 26,479 3,607 24,675 125,045 4.7

91–92 ................... 0.150028 22,872 3,431 21,156 100,369 4.4

92–93 ................... 0.164978 19,441 3,207 17,837 79,213 4.1

93–94 ................... 0.181100 16,233 2,940 14,763 61,376 3.8

94–95 ................... 0.198424 13,293 2,638 11,975 46,613 3.5

95–96 ................... 0.216965 10,656 2,312 9,500 34,639 3.3

96–97 ................... 0.236728 8,344 1,975 7,356 25,139 3.0

97–98 ................... 0.257698 6,369 1,641 5,548 17,783 2.8

98–99 ................... 0.279844 4,727 1,323 4,066 12,235 2.6

99–100................... 0.303117 3,404 1,032 2,888 8,169 2.4

100 and over ............... 1.00000 2,373 2,373 5,280 5,280 2.2
National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 21, June 28, 2010 19

Table 7. Life table for the black population: United States, 2006

Age

Probability

of dying

between

ages x to x + 1

Number

surviving to

age x

Number

dying

between

ages x to x + 1

Person-years

lived

between

ages x to x + 1

Total

number of

person-years

lived above

age x

Expectation

of life

at age x

qx l

x dx Lx Tx ex

0–1 .................... 0.013373 100,000 1,337 98,818 7,323,582 73.2

1–2 .................... 0.000691 98,663 68 98,629 7,224,764 73.2

2–3 .................... 0.000473 98,595 47 98,571 7,126,136 72.3

3–4 .................... 0.000307 98,548 30 98,533 7,027,565 71.3

4–5 .................... 0.000260 98,518 26 98,505 6,929,032 70.3

5–6 .................... 0.000248 98,492 24 98,480 6,830,527 69.4

6–7 .................... 0.000225 98,468 22 98,457 6,732,047 68.4

7–8 .................... 0.000203 98,445 20 98,435 6,633,591 67.4

8–9 .................... 0.000176 98,425 17 98,417 6,535,155 66.4

9–10 ................... 0.000145 98,408 14 98,401 6,436,738 65.4

10–11 ................... 0.000122 98,394 12 98,388 6,338,337 64.4

11–12 ................... 0.000125 98,382 12 98,376 6,239,949 63.4

12–13 ................... 0.000172 98,370 17 98,361 6,141,574 62.4

13–14 ................... 0.000274 98,353 27 98,339 6,043,212 61.4

14–15 ................... 0.000417 98,326 41 98,305 5,944,873 60.5

15–16 ................... 0.000573 98,285 56 98,257 5,846,568 59.5

16–17 ................... 0.000721 98,228 71 98,193 5,748,311 58.5

17–18 ................... 0.000861 98,158 85 98,115 5,650,118 57.6

18–19 ................... 0.000987 98,073 97 98,025 5,552,003 56.6

19–20 ................... 0.001103 97,976 108 97,922 5,453,978 55.7

20–21 ................... 0.001228 97,868 120 97,808 5,356,056 54.7

21–22 ................... 0.001355 97,748 132 97,682 5,258,248 53.8

22–23 ................... 0.001458 97,616 142 97,544 5,160,566 52.9

23–24 ................... 0.001520 97,473 148 97,399 5,063,021 51.9

24–25 ................... 0.001552 97,325 151 97,250 4,965,622 51.0

25–26 ................... 0.001574 97,174 153 97,098 4,868,373 50.1

26–27 ................... 0.001602 97,021 155 96,943 4,771,275 49.2

27–28 ................... 0.001632 96,866 158 96,787 4,674,332 48.3

28–29 ................... 0.001670 96,708 162 96,627 4,577,545 47.3

29–30 ................... 0.001719 96,546 166 96,463 4,480,918 46.4

30–31 ................... 0.001776 96,380 171 96,294 4,384,455 45.5

31–32 ................... 0.001843 96,209 177 96,120 4,288,161 44.6

32–33 ................... 0.001941 96,032 186 95,938 4,192,040 43.7

33–34 ................... 0.002004 95,845 192 95,749 4,096,102 42.7

34–35 ................... 0.002099 95,653 201 95,553 4,000,353 41.8

35–36 ................... 0.002205 95,452 210 95,347 3,904,800 40.9

36–37 ................... 0.002330 95,242 222 95,131 3,809,453 40.0

37–38 ................... 0.002485 95,020 236 94,902 3,714,322 39.1

38–39 ................... 0.002675 94,784 254 94,657 3,619,420 38.2

39–40 ................... 0.002897 94,530 274 94,393 3,524,763 37.3

40–41 ................... 0.003132 94,256 295 94,109 3,430,370 36.4

41–42 ................... 0.003384 93,961 318 93,802 3,336,261 35.5

42–43 ................... 0.003676 93,643 344 93,471 3,242,459 34.6

43–44 ................... 0.004018 93,299 375 93,112 3,148,988 33.8

44–45 ................... 0.004404 92,924 409 92,719 3,055,877 32.9

45–46 ................... 0.004808 92,515 445 92,292 2,963,157 32.0

46–47 ................... 0.005229 92,070 481 91,829 2,870,865 31.2

47–48 ................... 0.005701 91,589 522 91,328 2,779,036 30.3

48–49 ................... 0.006245 91,066 569 90,782 2,687,708 29.5

49–50 ................... 0.006859 90,498 621 90,187 2,596,926 28.7

50–51 ................... 0.007544 89,877 678 89,538 2,506,738 27.9

51–52 ................... 0.008268 89,199 737 88,830 2,417,200 27.1

52–53 ................... 0.008987 88,462 795 88,064 2,328,370 26.3

53–54 ................... 0.009651 87,667 846 87,244 2,240,306 25.6

54–55 ................... 0.010264 86,821 891 86,375 2,153,062 24.8

55–56 ................... 0.010887 85,930 936 85,462 2,066,687 24.1

56–57 ................... 0.011559 84,994 982 84,503 1,981,225 23.3

57–58 ................... 0.012265 84,012 1,030 83,496 1,896,723 22.6

58–59 ................... 0.013049 82,981 1,083 82,440 1,813,226 21.9

59–60 ................... 0.013954 81,898 1,143 81,327 1,730,786 21.1

60–61 ................... 0.015026 80,756 1,213 80,149 1,649,460 20.4

61–62 ................... 0.016256 79,542 1,293 78,896 1,569,311 19.7

62–63 ................... 0.017576 78,249 1,375 77,561 1,490,415 19.0

63–64 ................... 0.018842 76,874 1,448 76,150 1,412,854 18.4

64–65 ................... 0.020003 75,425 1,509 74,671 1,336,704 17.7

65–66 ................... 0.021135 73,917 1,562 73,135 1,262,033 17.1

66–67 ................... 0.022261 72,354 1,611 71,549 1,188,898 16.4
20 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 21, June 28, 2010
 

Table 7. Life table for the black population: United States, 2006—Con.
 

Age

Probability

of dying

between

ages x to x + 1

Number

surviving to

age x

Number

dying

between

ages x to x + 1

Person-years

lived

between

ages x to x + 1

Total

number of

person-years

lived above

age x

Expectation

of life

at age x

qx l

x dx Lx Tx ex

67–68 ................... 0.023598 70,744 1,669 69,909 1,117,349 15.8

68–69 ................... 0.025217 69,074 1,742 68,203 1,047,440 15.2

69–70 ................... 0.027104 67,332 1,825 66,420 979,237 14.5

70–71 ................... 0.029180 65,507 1,912 64,552 912,817 13.9

71–72 ................... 0.031457 63,596 2,001 62,596 848,265 13.3

72–73 ................... 0.034032 61,595 2,096 60,547 785,669 12.8

73–74 ................... 0.036934 59,499 2,198 58,400 725,122 12.2

74–75 ................... 0.040159 57,302 2,301 56,151 666,722 11.6

75–76 ................... 0.043698 55,000 2,403 53,799 610,571 11.1

76–77 ................... 0.047288 52,597 2,487 51,353 556,772 10.6

77–78 ................... 0.051158 50,110 2,564 48,828 505,418 10.1

78–79 ................... 0.055326 47,546 2,631 46,231 456,590 9.6

79–80 ................... 0.059812 44,916 2,687 43,573 410,359 9.1

80–81 ................... 0.064637 42,229 2,730 40,865 366,786 8.7

81–82 ................... 0.069823 39,500 2,758 38,121 325,922 8.3

82–83 ................... 0.075390 36,742 2,770 35,357 287,801 7.8

83–84 ................... 0.081363 33,972 2,764 32,590 252,444 7.4

84–85 ................... 0.087765 31,208 2,739 29,838 219,855 7.0

85–86 ................... 0.094618 28,469 2,694 27,122 190,016 6.7

86–87 ................... 0.101946 25,775 2,628 24,461 162,894 6.3

87–88 ................... 0.109774 23,147 2,541 21,877 138,433 6.0

88–89 ................... 0.118123 20,606 2,434 19,389 116,556 5.7

89–90 ................... 0.127017 18,172 2,308 17,018 97,167 5.3

90–91 ................... 0.136476 15,864 2,165 14,782 80,148 5.1

91–92 ................... 0.146522 13,699 2,007 12,695 65,367 4.8

92–93 ................... 0.157173 11,692 1,838 10,773 52,671 4.5

93–94 ................... 0.168445 9,854 1,660 9,024 41,898 4.3

94–95 ................... 0.180352 8,194 1,478 7,455 32,874 4.0

95–96 ................... 0.192906 6,716 1,296 6,069 25,419 3.8

96–97 ................... 0.206114 5,421 1,117 4,862 19,350 3.6

97–98 ................... 0.219980 4,304 947 3,830 14,488 3.4

98–99 ................... 0.234504 3,357 787 2,963 10,658 3.2

99–100................... 0.249679 2,570 642 2,249 7,694 3.0

100 and over ............... 1.00000 1,928 1,928 5,445 5,445 2.8
National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 21, June 28, 2010 21

Table 8. Life table for black males: United States, 2006

Age

Probability

of dying

between

ages x to x + 1

Number

surviving to

age x

Number

dying

between

ages x to x + 1

Person-years

lived

between

ages x to x + 1

Total

number of

person-years

lived above

age x

Expectation

of life

at age x

qx l

x dx Lx Tx ex

0–1 .................... 0.014477 100,000 1,448 98,722 6,966,719 69.7

1–2 .................... 0.000772 98,552 76 98,514 6,867,998 69.7

2–3 .................... 0.000465 98,476 46 98,453 6,769,483 68.7

3–4 .................... 0.000372 98,430 37 98,412 6,671,030 67.8

4–5 .................... 0.000273 98,394 27 98,380 6,572,618 66.8

5–6 .................... 0.000276 98,367 27 98,353 6,474,237 65.8

6–7 .................... 0.000265 98,340 26 98,327 6,375,884 64.8

7–8 .................... 0.000246 98,314 24 98,302 6,277,557 63.9

8–9 .................... 0.000207 98,290 20 98,279 6,179,255 62.9

9–10 ................... 0.000153 98,269 15 98,262 6,080,976 61.9

10–11 ................... 0.000106 98,254 10 98,249 5,982,714 60.9

11–12 ................... 0.000100 98,244 10 98,239 5,884,465 59.9

12–13 ................... 0.000174 98,234 17 98,225 5,786,226 58.9

13–14 ................... 0.000348 98,217 34 98,200 5,688,001 57.9

14–15 ................... 0.000592 98,183 58 98,154 5,589,801 56.9

15–16 ................... 0.000860 98,125 84 98,083 5,491,647 56.0

16–17 ................... 0.001110 98,040 109 97,986 5,393,565 55.0

17–18 ................... 0.001339 97,932 131 97,866 5,295,579 54.1

18–19 ................... 0.001535 97,800 150 97,725 5,197,713 53.1

19–20 ................... 0.001706 97,650 167 97,567 5,099,987 52.2

20–21 ................... 0.001885 97,484 184 97,392 5,002,420 51.3

21–22 ................... 0.002068 97,300 201 97,199 4,905,029 50.4

22–23 ................... 0.002211 97,099 215 96,991 4,807,829 49.5

23–24 ................... 0.002297 96,884 223 96,773 4,710,838 48.6

24–25 ................... 0.002337 96,661 226 96,548 4,614,065 47.7

25–26 ................... 0.002360 96,435 228 96,322 4,517,517 46.8

26–27 ................... 0.002386 96,208 230 96,093 4,421,195 46.0

27–28 ................... 0.002412 95,978 231 95,863 4,325,102 45.1

28–29 ................... 0.002447 95,747 234 95,630 4,229,239 44.2

29–30 ................... 0.002493 95,513 238 95,394 4,133,609 43.3

30–31 ................... 0.002546 95,274 243 95,153 4,038,216 42.4

31–32 ................... 0.002604 95,032 247 94,908 3,943,063 41.5

32–33 ................... 0.002720 94,784 258 94,656 3,848,155 40.6

33–34 ................... 0.002743 94,527 259 94,397 3,753,499 39.7

34–35 ................... 0.002827 94,267 266 94,134 3,659,102 38.8

35–36 ................... 0.002925 94,001 275 93,863 3,564,968 37.9

36–37 ................... 0.003047 93,726 286 93,583 3,471,105 37.0

37–38 ................... 0.003201 93,440 299 93,291 3,377,521 36.1

38–39 ................... 0.003394 93,141 316 92,983 3,284,231 35.3

39–40 ................... 0.003625 92,825 336 92,657 3,191,247 34.4

40–41 ................... 0.003875 92,489 358 92,310 3,098,591 33.5

41–42 ................... 0.004155 92,130 383 91,939 3,006,281 32.6

42–43 ................... 0.004493 91,748 412 91,541 2,914,342 31.8

43–44 ................... 0.004904 91,335 448 91,111 2,822,801 30.9

44–45 ................... 0.005381 90,887 489 90,643 2,731,689 30.1

45–46 ................... 0.005879 90,398 531 90,133 2,641,046 29.2

46–47 ................... 0.006407 89,867 576 89,579 2,550,914 28.4

47–48 ................... 0.007035 89,291 628 88,977 2,461,335 27.6

48–49 ................... 0.007801 88,663 692 88,317 2,372,358 26.8

49–50 ................... 0.008699 87,971 765 87,589 2,284,040 26.0

50–51 ................... 0.009717 87,206 847 86,782 2,196,452 25.2

51–52 ................... 0.010787 86,359 932 85,893 2,109,669 24.4

52–53 ................... 0.011829 85,427 1,010 84,922 2,023,776 23.7

53–54 ................... 0.012747 84,417 1,076 83,879 1,938,854 23.0

54–55 ................... 0.013552 83,341 1,129 82,776 1,854,975 22.3

55–56 ................... 0.014354 82,211 1,180 81,621 1,772,199 21.6

56–57 ................... 0.015227 81,031 1,234 80,414 1,690,578 20.9

57–58 ................... 0.016141 79,797 1,288 79,153 1,610,164 20.2

58–59 ................... 0.017164 78,509 1,348 77,836 1,531,010 19.5

59–60 ................... 0.018354 77,162 1,416 76,454 1,453,174 18.8

60–61 ................... 0.019768 75,746 1,497 74,997 1,376,721 18.2

61–62 ................... 0.021384 74,248 1,588 73,454 1,301,724 17.5

62–63 ................... 0.023108 72,661 1,679 71,821 1,228,269 16.9

63–64 ................... 0.024730 70,982 1,755 70,104 1,156,448 16.3

64–65 ................... 0.026175 69,226 1,812 68,320 1,086,344 15.7

65–66 ................... 0.027540 67,414 1,857 66,486 1,018,024 15.1

66–67 ................... 0.029032 65,558 1,903 64,606 951,538 14.5
22 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 21, June 28, 2010

Table 8. Life table for black males: United States, 2006—Con.

Age

Probability

of dying

between

ages x to x + 1

Number

surviving to

age x

Number

dying

between

ages x to x + 1

Person-years

lived

between

ages x to x + 1

Total

number of

person-years

lived above

age x

Expectation

of life

at age x

qx l

x dx Lx Tx ex

67–68 ................... 0.030825 63,654 1,962 62,673 886,932 13.9

68–69 ................... 0.033020 61,692 2,037 60,674 824,259 13.4

69–70 ................... 0.035563 59,655 2,122 58,594 763,585 12.8

70–71 ................... 0.038306 57,534 2,204 56,432 704,991 12.3

71–72 ................... 0.041232 55,330 2,281 54,189 648,560 11.7

72–73 ................... 0.044477 53,048 2,359 51,869 594,371 11.2

73–74 ................... 0.048071 50,689 2,437 49,471 542,502 10.7

74–75 ................... 0.051996 48,252 2,509 46,998 493,031 10.2

75–76 ................... 0.056220 45,743 2,572 44,457 446,034 9.8

76–77 ................... 0.060431 43,172 2,609 41,867 401,576 9.3

77–78 ................... 0.064935 40,563 2,634 39,246 359,709 8.9

78–79 ................... 0.069751 37,929 2,646 36,606 320,463 8.4

79–80 ................... 0.074894 35,283 2,643 33,962 283,857 8.0

80–81 ................... 0.080384 32,641 2,624 31,329 249,895 7.7

81–82 ................... 0.086240 30,017 2,589 28,723 218,566 7.3

82–83 ................... 0.092478 27,428 2,537 26,160 189,844 6.9

83–84 ................... 0.099119 24,892 2,467 23,658 163,684 6.6

84–85 ................... 0.106182 22,424 2,381 21,234 140,026 6.2

85–86 ................... 0.113684 20,043 2,279 18,904 118,792 5.9

86–87 ................... 0.121643 17,765 2,161 16,684 99,888 5.6

87–88 ................... 0.130079 15,604 2,030 14,589 83,203 5.3

88–89 ................... 0.139006 13,574 1,887 12,631 68,614 5.1

89–90 ................... 0.148442 11,687 1,735 10,820 55,984 4.8

90–91 ................... 0.158401 9,952 1,576 9,164 45,164 4.5

91–92 ................... 0.168895 8,376 1,415 7,669 36,000 4.3

92–93 ................... 0.179936 6,961 1,253 6,335 28,331 4.1

93–94 ................... 0.191532 5,709 1,093 5,162 21,996 3.9

94–95 ................... 0.203690 4,615 940 4,145 16,834 3.6

95–96 ................... 0.216413 3,675 795 3,278 12,689 3.5

96–97 ................... 0.229701 2,880 662 2,549 9,411 3.3

97–98 ................... 0.243552 2,218 540 1,948 6,862 3.1

98–99 ................... 0.257959 1,678 433 1,462 4,914 2.9

99–100................... 0.272910 1,245 340 1,075 3,453 2.8

100 and over ............... 1.00000 905 905 2,377 2,377 2.6
National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 21, June 28, 2010 23

Table 9. Life table for black females: United States, 2006

Age

Probability

of dying

between

ages x to x + 1

Number

surviving to

age x

Number

dying

between

ages x to x + 1

Person-years

lived

between

ages x to x + 1

Total

number of

person-years

lived above

age x

Expectation

of life

at age x

qx l

x dx Lx Tx ex

0–1 .................... 0.012227 100,000 1,223 98,917 7,653,214 76.5

1–2 .................... 0.000606 98,777 60 98,747 7,554,297 76.5

2–3 .................... 0.000482 98,717 48 98,694 7,455,549 75.5

3–4 .................... 0.000240 98,670 24 98,658 7,356,856 74.6

4–5 .................... 0.000247 98,646 24 98,634 7,258,198 73.6

5–6 .................... 0.000218 98,622 21 98,611 7,159,564 72.6

6–7 .................... 0.000183 98,600 18 98,591 7,060,953 71.6

7–8 .................... 0.000159 98,582 16 98,574 6,962,361 70.6

8–9 .................... 0.000144 98,567 14 98,560 6,863,787 69.6

9–10 ................... 0.000137 98,552 13 98,546 6,765,227 68.6

10–11 ................... 0.000139 98,539 14 98,532 6,666,681 67.7

11–12 ................... 0.000150 98,525 15 98,518 6,568,149 66.7

12–13 ................... 0.000170 98,511 17 98,502 6,469,631 65.7

13–14 ................... 0.000199 98,494 20 98,484 6,371,129 64.7

14–15 ................... 0.000236 98,474 23 98,463 6,272,645 63.7

15–16 ................... 0.000278 98,451 27 98,437 6,174,183 62.7

16–17 ................... 0.000322 98,424 32 98,408 6,075,745 61.7

17–18 ................... 0.000371 98,392 36 98,374 5,977,338 60.8

18–19 ................... 0.000424 98,355 42 98,335 5,878,964 59.8

19–20 ................... 0.000481 98,314 47 98,290 5,780,629 58.8

20–21 ................... 0.000547 98,266 54 98,240 5,682,339 57.8

21–22 ................... 0.000616 98,213 60 98,183 5,584,099 56.9

22–23 ................... 0.000678 98,152 67 98,119 5,485,917 55.9

23–24 ................... 0.000727 98,086 71 98,050 5,387,798 54.9

24–25 ................... 0.000765 98,014 75 97,977 5,289,748 54.0

25–26 ................... 0.000804 97,940 79 97,900 5,191,771 53.0

26–27 ................... 0.000848 97,861 83 97,819 5,093,871 52.1

27–28 ................... 0.000895 97,778 87 97,734 4,996,051 51.1

28–29 ................... 0.000944 97,690 92 97,644 4,898,317 50.1

29–30 ................... 0.001001 97,598 98 97,549 4,800,673 49.2

30–31 ................... 0.001069 97,500 104 97,448 4,703,124 48.2

31–32 ................... 0.001150 97,396 112 97,340 4,605,675 47.3

32–33 ................... 0.001247 97,284 121 97,224 4,508,335 46.3

33–34 ................... 0.001340 97,163 130 97,098 4,411,112 45.4

34–35 ................... 0.001447 97,033 140 96,962 4,314,014 44.5

35–36 ................... 0.001560 96,892 151 96,817 4,217,052 43.5

36–37 ................... 0.001689 96,741 163 96,659 4,120,235 42.6

37–38 ................... 0.001845 96,578 178 96,489 4,023,575 41.7

38–39 ................... 0.002034 96,400 196 96,302 3,927,087 40.7

39–40 ................... 0.002251 96,203 217 96,095 3,830,785 39.8

40–41 ................... 0.002474 95,987 237 95,868 3,734,690 38.9

41–42 ................... 0.002702 95,749 259 95,620 3,638,822 38.0

42–43 ................... 0.002955 95,491 282 95,350 3,543,202 37.1

43–44 ................... 0.003237 95,209 308 95,054 3,447,852 36.2

44–45 ................... 0.003545 94,900 336 94,732 3,352,797 35.3

45–46 ................... 0.003869 94,564 366 94,381 3,258,065 34.5

46–47 ................... 0.004198 94,198 395 94,000 3,163,684 33.6

47–48 ................... 0.004538 93,803 426 93,590 3,069,684 32.7

48–49 ................... 0.004893 93,377 457 93,148 2,976,094 31.9

49–50 ................... 0.005271 92,920 490 92,675 2,882,946 31.0

50–51 ................... 0.005681 92,430 525 92,168 2,790,271 30.2

51–52 ................... 0.006122 91,905 563 91,624 2,698,103 29.4

52–53 ................... 0.006581 91,343 601 91,042 2,606,479 28.5

53–54 ................... 0.007043 90,741 639 90,422 2,515,437 27.7

54–55 ................... 0.007504 90,102 676 89,764 2,425,015 26.9

55–56 ................... 0.007988 89,426 714 89,069 2,335,251 26.1

56–57 ................... 0.008504 88,712 754 88,335 2,246,182 25.3

57–58 ................... 0.009054 87,957 796 87,559 2,157,847 24.5

58–59 ................... 0.009666 87,161 843 86,740 2,070,288 23.8

59–60 ................... 0.010375 86,319 896 85,871 1,983,548 23.0

60–61 ................... 0.011220 85,423 958 84,944 1,897,677 22.2

61–62 ................... 0.012199 84,465 1,030 83,949 1,812,734 21.5

62–63 ................... 0.013261 83,434 1,106 82,881 1,728,784 20.7

63–64 ................... 0.014304 82,328 1,178 81,739 1,645,903 20.0

64–65 ................... 0.015288 81,150 1,241 80,530 1,564,164 19.3

65–66 ................... 0.016280 79,910 1,301 79,259 1,483,635 18.6

66–67 ................... 0.017251 78,609 1,356 77,931 1,404,375 17.9
24 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 21, June 28, 2010
 

Table 9. Life table for black females: United States, 2006—Con.
 

Age

Probability

of dying

between

ages x to x + 1

Number

surviving to

age x

Number

dying

between

ages x to x + 1

Person-years

lived

between

ages x to x + 1

Total

number of

person-years

lived above

age x

Expectation

of life

at age x

qx l

x dx Lx Tx ex

67–68 ................... 0.018373 77,253 1,419 76,543 1,326,445 17.2

68–69 ................... 0.019702 75,833 1,494 75,086 1,249,902 16.5

69–70 ................... 0.021248 74,339 1,580 73,549 1,174,816 15.8

70–71 ................... 0.022981 72,760 1,672 71,923 1,101,267 15.1

71–72 ................... 0.024930 71,087 1,772 70,201 1,029,343 14.5

72–73 ................... 0.027177 69,315 1,884 68,373 959,142 13.8

73–74 ................... 0.029742 67,431 2,006 66,429 890,768 13.2

74–75 ................... 0.032620 65,426 2,134 64,359 824,340 12.6

75–76 ................... 0.035807 63,292 2,266 62,159 759,981 12.0

76–77 ................... 0.039070 61,025 2,384 59,833 697,822 11.4

77–78 ................... 0.042616 58,641 2,499 57,392 637,989 10.9

78–79 ................... 0.046470 56,142 2,609 54,838 580,597 10.3

79–80 ................... 0.050653 53,533 2,712 52,177 525,760 9.8

80–81 ................... 0.055190 50,822 2,805 49,419 473,582 9.3

81–82 ................... 0.060109 48,017 2,886 46,574 424,163 8.8

82–83 ................... 0.065436 45,131 2,953 43,654 377,589 8.4

83–84 ................... 0.071199 42,177 3,003 40,676 333,936 7.9

84–85 ................... 0.077427 39,174 3,033 37,658 293,260 7.5

85–86 ................... 0.084151 36,141 3,041 34,621 255,602 7.1

86–87 ................... 0.091401 33,100 3,025 31,587 220,981 6.7

87–88 ................... 0.099208 30,075 2,984 28,583 189,394 6.3

88–89 ................... 0.107602 27,091 2,915 25,633 160,811 5.9

89–90 ................... 0.116616 24,176 2,819 22,766 135,178 5.6

90–91 ................... 0.126277 21,357 2,697 20,008 112,412 5.3

91–92 ................... 0.136615 18,660 2,549 17,385 92,403 5.0

92–93 ................... 0.147656 16,111 2,379 14,921 75,018 4.7

93–94 ................... 0.159425 13,732 2,189 12,637 60,097 4.4

94–95 ................... 0.171942 11,543 1,985 10,550 47,460 4.1

95–96 ................... 0.185226 9,558 1,770 8,673 36,910 3.9

96–97 ................... 0.199289 7,788 1,552 7,012 28,237 3.6

97–98 ................... 0.214140 6,236 1,335 5,568 21,225 3.4

98–99 ................... 0.229779 4,900 1,126 4,337 15,657 3.2

99–100................... 0.246202 3,774 929 3,310 11,320 3.0

100 and over ............... 1.00000 2,845 2,845 8,010 8,010 2.8
National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 21, June 28, 2010 25

Table 10. Survivorship by age, race, and sex: Death-registration states, 1900–1902 to 1919–1921, and United States,

1929–1931 to 2006

[Alaska and Hawaii included beginning in 1959. For decennial periods prior to 1929–1931, data are for groups of registration states as follows: 1900–1902 and 1909–1911, 10

states and the District of Columbia (D.C.); 1919–1921, 34 states and D.C. Beginning 1970 excludes deaths of nonresidents of the United States; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’

section]

Age, race,

and sex

Number of survivors out of 100,000 born alive (l

x)

2006 1999–2001 1989–1991 1979–1981 1969–1971 1959–1961 1949–1951 1939–1941 1929–1931 1919–1921 1909–1911 1900–1902

All races

0. . . . . . . . . . . 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000

1. . . . . . . . . . . 99,329 99,305 99,064 98,740 97,998 97,407 97,024 95,290 94,028 92,515 88,538 87,552

5. . . . . . . . . . . 99,216 99,176 98,877 98,495 97,668 96,998 96,482 94,220 91,978 83,389 83,887 81,804

10. . . . . . . . . . . 99,147 99,097 98,766 98,347 97,460 96,765 96,177 93,710 91,106 88,129 82,458 80,052

15. . . . . . . . . . . 99,065 98,998 98,635 98,196 97,261 96,551 95,885 93,235 90,385 87,144 81,506 78,963

20. . . . . . . . . . . 98,747 98,664 98,215 97,741 96,716 96,111 95,366 92,435 89,089 85,441 80,074 77,239

25. . . . . . . . . . . 98,253 98,202 97,671 97,110 96,000 95,517 94,676 91,335 87,269 83,146 78,046 74,768

30. . . . . . . . . . . 97,759 97,750 97,070 96,477 95,307 94,905 93,919 90,078 85,302 80,642 75,779 72,043

35. . . . . . . . . . . 97,213 97,199 96,322 95,808 94,482 94,144 92,976 88,573 83,118 77,961 73,127 69,078

40. . . . . . . . . . . 96,495 96,419 95,373 94,926 93,322 93,064 91,648 86,650 80,557 75,114 70,042 65,890

45. . . . . . . . . . . 95,397 95,268 94,154 93,599 91,587 91,378 89,634 84,069 77,343 72,036 66,561 62,436

50. . . . . . . . . . . 93,750 93,591 92,370 91,526 88,972 88,756 86,591 80,487 73,321 68,429 62,460 58,514

55. . . . . . . . . . . 91,352 91,211 89,658 88,348 85,110 84,711 82,176 75,557 68,182 63,947 57,555 53,852

60. . . . . . . . . . . 88,057 87,595 85,537 83,726 79,529 79,067 75,921 68,924 61,563 58,079 51,138 47,946

65. . . . . . . . . . . 83,251 82,224 79,519 77,107 71,933 71,147 67,555 60,366 53,195 50,560 43,194 40,911

70. . . . . . . . . . . 76,661 74,794 71,357 68,248 61,984 60,857 56,987 49,655 42,768 41,090 33,816 32,390

75. . . . . . . . . . . 67,331 64,561 60,449 56,799 49,705 48,170 43,903 36,735 30,789 29,729 23,552 22,960

80. . . . . . . . . . . 54,201 50,819 47,084 43,180 35,285 33,576 29,313 22,883 18,580 18,298 13,712 13,529

85. . . . . . . . . . . 37,805 34,471 31,770 27,960 20,908 18,542 15,785 11,073 8,542 8,683 6,001 6,053

90. . . . . . . . . . . 20,898 18,472 17,046 14,154 9,297 7,080 6,144 3,796 2,998 2,941 1,868 1,867

95. . . . . . . . . . . 7,991 6,871 6,282 5,043 2,786 1,524 1,511 857 636 646 361 344

100 ..........

Male

1,737 1,477 1,424 1,150 542 183 199 123 62 67 40 31

0. . . . . . . . . . . 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000

1. . . . . . . . . . . 99,266 99,239 98,961 98,607 97,755 97,087 96,661 94,762 93,440 91,745 87,505 86,426

5. . . . . . . . . . . 99,144 99,095 98,754 98,333 97,395 96,643 96,077 93,624 91,294 88,505 82,718 80,548

10. . . . . . . . . . . 99,068 99,008 98,627 98,160 97,151 96,375 95,726 93,054 90,346 87,184 81,249 78,775

15. . . . . . . . . . . 98,972 98,890 98,464 97,972 96,904 96,107 95,366 92,508 89,561 86,156 80,261 77,681

20. . . . . . . . . . . 98,524 98,426 97,854 97,316 96,126 95,491 94,695 91,617 88,220 84,440 78,792 75,984

25. . . . . . . . . . . 97,797 97,746 97,049 96,361 95,040 94,631 93,791 90,385 86,359 82,252 76,675 73,472

30. . . . . . . . . . . 97,099 97,112 96,166 95,430 94,072 93,826 92,861 89,009 84,346 79,890 74,378 70,747

35. . . . . . . . . . . 96,371 96,382 95,091 94,501 92,997 92,889 91,760 87,371 82,075 77,514 71,614 67,752

40. . . . . . . . . . . 95,466 95,384 93,761 93,345 91,541 91,572 90,207 85,246 79,357 74,432 68,297 64,447

45. . . . . . . . . . . 94,112 93,931 92,139 91,649 89,369 89,492 87,819 82,336 75,882 71,244 64,518 60,849

50. . . . . . . . . . . 92,082 91,800 89,865 89,007 86,070 86,199 84,158 78,254 71,518 67,553 60,118 56,736

55. . . . . . . . . . . 89,083 88,862 86,492 84,936 81,139 81,039 78,781 72,627 65,981 62,965 54,970 51,939

60. . . . . . . . . . . 85,054 84,478 81,378 79,012 73,958 73,887 71,246 65,142 58,909 56,917 48,343 45,895

65. . . . . . . . . . . 79,346 78,083 73,971 70,646 64,318 64,177 61,566 55,776 50,154 49,218 40,264 38,736

70. . . . . . . . . . . 71,652 69,350 64,107 59,681 52,296 52,244 49,950 44,588 39,516 39,668 31,023 30,217

75. . . . . . . . . . . 61,057 57,572 51,385 46,272 38,797 38,950 36,756 31,864 27,718 28,316 21,213 21,076

80. . . . . . . . . . . 46,859 42,683 36,749 31,810 24,921 25,300 25,237 18,995 16,172 17,128 11,942 12,084

85. . . . . . . . . . . 30,371 26,473 21,815 18,020 13,168 12,845 11,750 8,693 7,107 7,920 5,059 5,179

90. . . . . . . . . . . 15,034 12,447 9,878 7,732 5,107 4,609 4,197 2,787 2,283 2,527 1,502 1,508

95. . . . . . . . . . . 4,895 3,847 2,927 2,279 1,326 970 955 586 451 556 289 262

100 ..........

Female

850 643 529 423 222 117 121 78 40 62 33 22

0. . . . . . . . . . . 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000

1. . . . . . . . . . . 99,395 99,375 99,172 98,880 98,254 97,744 97,406 95,848 94,728 93,383 89,623 88,733

5. . . . . . . . . . . 99,291 99,261 99,006 98,666 97,955 97,371 96,908 94,848 92,789 90,380 85,117 83,119

10. . . . . . . . . . . 99,229 99,190 98,911 98,544 97,784 97,173 96,652 94,402 92,008 89,186 83,728 81,390

15. . . . . . . . . . . 99,164 99,111 98,814 98,432 97,636 97,016 96,431 94,000 91,364 88,247 82,813 80,307

20. . . . . . . . . . . 98,982 98,915 98,597 98,184 97,331 96,756 96,066 93,293 90,116 86,556 81,418 78,555

25. . . . . . . . . . . 98,739 98,682 98,325 97,883 96,966 96,418 95,583 92,322 88,328 84,135 79,481 76,119

30. . . . . . . . . . . 98,461 98,418 98,013 97,551 96,544 95,996 94,933 91,182 86,398 81,463 77,247 73,394

35. . . . . . . . . . . 98,105 98,052 97,596 97,140 95,966 95,409 94,206 89,810 84,304 78,713 74,719 70,463

40. . . . . . . . . . . 97,579 97,492 97,033 96,531 95,097 94,560 93,101 88,092 81,927 75,907 71,894 67,407

45. . . . . . . . . . . 96,740 96,645 96,222 95,570 93,793 93,265 91,469 85,856 79,041 72,954 68,755 64,121

50. . . . . . . . . . . 95,478 95,420 94,932 94,060 91,852 91,327 89,075 82,828 75,456 69,452 65,001 60,415

55. . . . . . . . . . . 93,681 93,597 92,881 91,760 89,066 88,451 85,694 78,708 70,832 65,099 60,392 55,908

See footnotes at end of table.
26 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 21, June 28, 2010

Table 10. Survivorship by age, race, and sex: Death-registration states, 1900–1902 to 1919–1921, and United States,

1929–1931 to 2006—Con.

[Alaska and Hawaii included beginning in 1959. For decennial periods prior to 1929–1931, data are for groups of registration states as follows: 1900–1902 and 1909–1911, 10

states and the District of Columbia (D.C.); 1919–1921, 34 states and D.C. Beginning 1970 excludes deaths of nonresidents of the United States; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’

section]

Age, race,

and sex

Number of survivors out of 100,000 born alive (l

x)

2006 1999–2001 1989–1991 1979–1981 1969–1971 1959–1961 1949–1951 1939–1941 1929–1931 1919–1921 1909–1911 1900–1902

Female—Con.

60. . . . . . . . . . . 91,119 90,739 89,742 88,414 85,139 84,430 80,890 73,093 64,795 59,438 54,226 50,155

65. . . . . . . . . . . 87,200 86,367 85,075 83,520 79,698 78,462 74,119 65,523 56,924 52,126 46,438 43,246

70. . . . . . . . . . . 81,662 80,158 78,522 76,720 71,955 70,100 64,873 55,449 46,774 42,741 36,916 34,721

75. . . . . . . . . . . 73,449 71,257 69,287 67,186 61,107 58,394 52,111 42,425 34,600 31,344 26,155 24,994

80. . . . . . . . . . . 61,175 58,411 56,986 54,372 46,445 43,063 36,486 27,524 21,578 19,613 15,682 15,129

85. . . . . . . . . . . 44,685 41,798 41,115 37,772 29,538 25,269 20,668 13,972 10,322 9,515 7,051 7,063

90. . . . . . . . . . . 26,183 23,918 23,666 20,578 14,160 10,056 8,548 5,044 3,656 3,314 2,269 2,306

95. . . . . . . . . . . 10,685 9,553 9,346 7,862 4,565 2,193 2,207 1,195 807 728 441 452

100 ..........

White

2,460 2,181 2,251 1,927 954 264 298 179 82 72 49 43

0. . . . . . . . . . . 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000

1. . . . . . . . . . . 99,442 99,429 99,233 98,898 98,224 97,714 97,278 95,685 94,392 92,780 88,709 87,762

5. . . . . . . . . . . 99,341 99,312 99,068 98,675 97,930 97,353 96,790 94,713 92,466 89,771 84,147 82,071

10. . . . . . . . . . . 99,277 99,239 98,966 98,536 97,733 97,131 96,502 94,228 91,627 88,536 82,734 80,371

15. . . . . . . . . . . 99,200 99,146 98,843 98,391 97,546 96,928 96,228 93,792 90,982 87,633 81,816 79,344

20. . . . . . . . . . . 98,898 98,826 98,455 97,939 97,036 96,508 95,763 93,117 89,933 86,159 80,407 77,998

25. . . . . . . . . . . 98,430 98,405 97,972 97,340 96,406 95,965 95,169 92,213 88,454 84,106 78,392 75,202

30. . . . . . . . . . . 97,970 98,000 97,451 96,774 95,824 95,440 94,536 91,185 86,836 81,787 76,167 72,317

35. . . . . . . . . . . 97,466 97,504 96,810 96,192 95,152 94,798 93,750 89,941 85,004 79,277 73,568 69,522

40. . . . . . . . . . . 96,799 96,796 96,000 95,427 94,190 93,870 92,616 88,318 82,803 76,642 70,525 66,082

45. . . . . . . . . . . 95,771 95,755 94,932 94,257 92,681 92,374 90,847 86,069 79,989 73,705 67,090 62,920

50. . . . . . . . . . . 94,231 94,233 93,326 92,384 90,306 89,958 88,110 82,833 76,340 70,250 62,994 58,647

55. . . . . . . . . . . 91,992 92,032 90,833 89,427 86,688 86,173 84,027 78,218 71,551 65,875 58,163 54,450

60. . . . . . . . . . . 88,870 88,614 86,943 85,031 81,323 80,811 78,066 71,785 65,100 60,013 51,822 48,288

65. . . . . . . . . . . 84,216 83,423 81,123 78,585 73,889 73,102 69,850 63,201 56,655 52,411 43,904 41,505

70. . . . . . . . . . . 77,739 76,132 73,106 69,801 63,991 62,834 59,189 52,165 45,841 42,736 34,484 32,902

75. . . . . . . . . . . 68,440 65,946 62,175 58,299 51,586 49,895 45,688 38,610 33,406 31,086 24,151 23,356

80. . . . . . . . . . . 55,215 52,100 48,583 44,409 36,659 34,697 30,438 23,976 20,260 19,149 14,100 13,794

85. . . . . . . . . . . 38,526 35,421 32,850 28,768 21,578 19,017 16,239 11,483 9,325 9,078 6,178 6,192

90. . . . . . . . . . . 21,196 18,943 17,571 14,471 9,433 7,149 6,201 3,819 3,066 2,991 1,918 1,919

95. . . . . . . . . . . 7,979 6,963 6,416 5,067 2,743 1,521 1,500 801 636 643 364 355

100 ..........

White male

1,672 1,453 1,423 1,105 487 183 196 98 58 62 38 31

0. . . . . . . . . . . 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000

1. . . . . . . . . . . 99,388 99,373 99,138 98,769 97,994 97,408 96,931 95,188 93,768 91,975 87,674 86,655

5. . . . . . . . . . . 99,279 99,243 98,956 98,519 97,671 97,015 96,403 94,150 91,738 88,842 82,972 80,864

10. . . . . . . . . . . 99,208 99,163 98,839 98,357 97,441 96,758 96,069 93,601 90,810 87,530 81,519 79,109

15. . . . . . . . . . . 99,117 99,052 98,686 98,176 97,208 96,503 95,728 93,089 90,074 86,546 80,549 78,037

20. . . . . . . . . . . 98,702 98,615 98,134 97,525 96,480 95,908 95,104 92,293 88,904 84,997 79,116 76,376

25. . . . . . . . . . . 98,017 98,002 97,430 96,616 95,524 95,106 94,294 91,241 87,371 83,061 77,047 73,907

30. . . . . . . . . . . 97,370 97,434 96,662 95,783 94,716 94,401 93,489 90,092 85,707 80,888 74,810 71,219

35. . . . . . . . . . . 96,697 96,772 95,731 94,980 93,843 93,589 92,543 88,713 83,812 78,441 72,108 68,245

40. . . . . . . . . . . 95,851 95,855 94,588 93,984 92,631 92,427 91,173 86,880 81,457 75,733 68,848 64,954

45. . . . . . . . . . . 94,569 94,522 93,167 92,494 90,725 90,533 89,002 84,285 78,345 72,696 65,115 61,369

50. . . . . . . . . . . 92,655 92,573 91,124 90,105 87,690 87,424 85,601 80,521 74,288 69,107 60,741 57,274

55. . . . . . . . . . . 89,850 89,854 88,022 86,303 83,001 82,463 80,496 75,156 68,981 64,574 55,622 52,491

60. . . . . . . . . . . 86,041 85,710 83,182 80,625 75,969 75,485 73,172 67,787 61,933 58,498 48,987 46,452

65. . . . . . . . . . . 80,526 79,515 75,962 72,393 66,343 65,834 63,541 58,305 52,964 50,663 40,862 39,245

70. . . . . . . . . . . 72,970 70,912 66,181 61,384 54,138 53,825 51,735 46,739 41,880 40,873 31,527 30,640

75. . . . . . . . . . . 62,425 59,139 53,308 47,712 40,324 40,207 38,104 33,404 29,471 29,205 21,585 21,387

80. . . . . . . . . . . 48,070 44,043 38,245 32,788 25,885 25,993 24,005 19,860 17,221 17,655 12,160 12,266

85. . . . . . . . . . . 31,170 27,376 22,720 18,538 13,527 13,065 12,015 9,013 7,572 8,154 5,145 5,252

90. . . . . . . . . . . 15,318 12,817 10,214 7,891 5,125 4,600 4,209 2,812 2,356 2,568 1,523 1,523

95. . . . . . . . . . . 4,873 3,892 2,988 2,279 1,274 956 942 552 461 556 289 263

100 .......... 804 624 523 404 189 115 118 65 40 61 31 22

See footnotes at end of table.
National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 21, June 28, 2010 27

Table 10. Survivorship by age, race, and sex: Death-registration states, 1900–1902 to 1919–1921, and United States,

1929–1931 to 2006—Con.

[Alaska and Hawaii included beginning in 1959. For decennial periods prior to 1929–1931, data are for groups of registration states as follows: 1900–1902 and 1909–1911, 10

states and the District of Columbia (D.C.); 1919–1921, 34 states and D.C. Beginning 1970 excludes deaths of nonresidents of the United States; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’

section]

Age, race,

and sex

Number of survivors out of 100,000 born alive (l

x)

2006 1999–2001 1989–1991 1979–1981 1969–1971 1959–1961 1949–1951 1939–1941 1929–1931 1919–1921 1909–1911 1900–1902

White female

0. . . . . . . . . . . 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000

1. . . . . . . . . . . 99,499 99,488 99,333 99,035 98,468 98,036 97,645 96,211 95,037 93,608 89,774 88,939

5. . . . . . . . . . . 99,406 99,385 99,187 98,841 98,203 97,709 97,199 95,309 93,216 90,721 85,349 83,426

10. . . . . . . . . . . 99,349 99,319 99,099 98,725 98,042 97,525 96,960 94,890 92,466 89,564 83,979 81,723

15. . . . . . . . . . . 99,288 99,245 99,007 98,618 97,902 97,375 96,756 94,534 91,894 88,712 83,093 80,680

20. . . . . . . . . . . 99,105 99,049 98,795 98,374 97,618 97,135 96,454 93,984 90,939 87,281 81,750 78,978

25. . . . . . . . . . . 98,874 98,835 98,547 98,093 97,299 96,844 96,072 93,228 89,524 85,163 79,865 76,588

30. . . . . . . . . . . 98,616 98,601 98,283 97,802 96,945 96,499 95,605 92,320 87,972 82,740 77,676 73,887

35. . . . . . . . . . . 98,292 98,282 97,939 97,445 96,474 96,026 94,977 91,211 86,248 80,206 75,200 70,971

40. . . . . . . . . . . 97,813 97,789 97,472 96,913 95,762 95,326 94,080 89,805 84,256 77,624 72,425 67,935

45. . . . . . . . . . . 97,048 97,047 96,768 96,065 94,649 94,228 92,725 87,920 81,780 74,871 69,341 64,677

50. . . . . . . . . . . 95,893 95,958 95,608 94,710 92,924 92,522 90,685 85,267 78,572 71,547 65,629 61,005

55. . . . . . . . . . . 94,231 94,284 93,730 92,594 90,383 89,967 87,699 81,520 74,321 67,323 61,053 56,509

60. . . . . . . . . . . 91,806 91,591 90,789 89,451 86,726 86,339 83,279 76,200 68,462 61,704 54,900 50,752

65. . . . . . . . . . . 88,012 87,391 86,339 84,764 81,579 80,739 76,773 68,701 60,499 54,299 47,086 43,806

70. . . . . . . . . . . 82,584 81,346 79,984 78,139 74,101 72,507 67,545 58,363 49,932 44,638 37,482 35,206

75. . . . . . . . . . . 74,416 72,546 70,834 68,712 63,290 60,461 54,397 44,685 37,024 32,777 26,569 25,362

80. . . . . . . . . . . 62,094 59,681 58,454 55,770 48,182 44,676 38,026 28,882 23,053 20,492 15,929 15,349

85. . . . . . . . . . . 45,373 42,820 42,274 38,774 30,490 26,046 21,348 14,487 10,937 9,909 7,152 7,149

90. . . . . . . . . . . 26,479 24,475 24,270 20,996 14,406 10,219 8,662 5,061 3,719 3,372 2,291 2,322

95. . . . . . . . . . . 10,656 9,673 9,495 7,900 4,526 2,203 2,200 1,109 797 721 434 448

100 .......... 2,373 2,145 2,239 1,858 872 265 294 139 74 63 44 41

Black1

0. . . . . . . . . . . 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000

1. . . . . . . . . . . 98,663 98,578 98,187 97,885 96,731 95,732 95,407 92,584 92,035 90,379 79,784 76,609

5. . . . . . . . . . . 98,492 98,382 97,884 97,522 96,207 95,051 94,482 90,983 89,303 86,174 70,691 66,222

10. . . . . . . . . . . 98,394 98,271 97,720 97,322 95,928 94,745 94,060 90,339 88,258 84,690 68,437 63,410

15. . . . . . . . . . . 98,285 98,139 97,539 97,134 95,661 94,460 93,646 89,591 87,156 83,180 66,410 61,060

20. . . . . . . . . . . 97,868 97,701 96,925 96,652 94,887 93,880 92,738 87,839 84,386 79,641 63,165 57,931

25. . . . . . . . . . . 97,174 96,944 95,972 95,804 93,513 92,925 91,321 85,210 80,320 74,973 59,608 54,512

30. . . . . . . . . . . 96,380 96,140 94,809 94,680 91,934 91,699 89,584 82,194 75,962 70,492 56,112 51,287

35. . . . . . . . . . . 95,452 95,160 93,260 93,288 89,977 90,046 87,402 78,683 71,141 65,865 52,125 48,007

40. . . . . . . . . . . 94,256 93,801 91,239 91,439 87,304 87,766 84,478 74,466 65,974 61,244 47,866 44,518

45. . . . . . . . . . . 92,515 91,754 88,689 88,834 83,700 84,501 80,507 69,284 59,827 56,442 43,054 40,628

50. . . . . . . . . . . 89,877 88,726 85,285 85,044 78,938 80,172 74,976 62,702 53,141 51,422 37,800 36,103

55. . . . . . . . . . . 85,930 84,588 80,635 79,816 72,826 73,893 67,660 54,846 45,558 45,803 32,233 31,404

60. . . . . . . . . . . 80,756 78,869 74,335 72,913 65,250 65,795 58,593 46,318 37,654 39,418 26,046 25,698

65. . . . . . . . . . . 73,917 71,448 66,154 64,391 56,102 56,038 48,649 37,838 30,015 32,738 19,806 20,474

70. . . . . . . . . . . 65,507 62,126 56,192 54,617 45,785 45,434 38,616 29,654 22,505 25,585 14,021 14,960

75. . . . . . . . . . . 55,000 50,804 44,872 43,274 34,262 34,531 28,968 21,798 15,546 18,011 9,139 9,956

80. . . . . . . . . . . 42,229 37,828 33,149 31,711 23,710 24,815 20,003 14,408 9,589 11,376 5,158 5,750

85. . . . . . . . . . . 28,469 24,589 21,352 19,939 15,044 15,337 12,433 8,326 4,900 5,794 2,414 2,782

90. . . . . . . . . . . 15,864 13,157 11,646 10,713 8,087 7,195 6,394 4,077 2,044 2,317 913 1,054

95. . . . . . . . . . . 6,716 5,349 4,729 4,463 3,252 1,777 2,010 1,557 638 689 324 296

100 .......... 1,928 1,485 1,376 1,360 1,036 214 301 399 120 129 77 57

Black male1

0. . . . . . . . . . . 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000

1. . . . . . . . . . . 98,552 98,437 98,023 97,703 96,394 95,301 94,911 91,772 91,268 89,499 78,065 74,674

5. . . . . . . . . . . 98,367 98,219 97,688 97,300 95,826 94,570 93,921 90,082 88,412 85,195 68,589 64,385

10. . . . . . . . . . . 98,254 98,093 97,501 97,061 95,497 94,234 93,453 89,393 87,311 83,768 66,377 61,730

15. . . . . . . . . . . 98,125 97,930 97,268 96,826 95,161 93,874 92,965 88,610 86,152 82,332 64,478 59,667

20. . . . . . . . . . . 97,484 97,274 96,301 96,132 94,053 93,108 91,941 86,968 83,621 79,057 61,426 56,733

25. . . . . . . . . . . 96,435 96,099 94,809 94,827 91,904 91,825 90,285 84,227 79,516 74,540 57,736 53,285

30. . . . . . . . . . . 95,274 94,934 93,070 93,125 89,584 90,270 88,327 80,979 75,083 70,344 54,073 49,867

35. . . . . . . . . . . 94,001 93,631 90,827 91,080 86,885 88,331 85,940 77,221 70,049 65,873 49,865 46,541

40. . . . . . . . . . . 92,489 91,930 87,948 88,490 83,441 85,744 82,832 72,780 64,710 61,353 45,414 42,989

45. . . . . . . . . . . 90,398 89,411 84,467 84,997 78,976 82,075 78,686 67,346 58,432 56,589 40,563 39,230

50. . . . . . . . . . . 87,206 85,596 79,984 80,065 73,282 77,239 72,891 60,495 51,748 51,880 35,427 34,766

55. . . . . . . . . . . 82,211 80,417 74,095 73,413 66,101 70,351 65,122 52,426 44,436 46,581 29,754 29,987

See footnotes at end of table.
28 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 21, June 28, 2010

Table 10. Survivorship by age, race, and sex: Death-registration states, 1900–1902 to 1919–1921, and United States,

1929–1931 to 2006—Con.

[Alaska and Hawaii included beginning in 1959. For decennial periods prior to 1929–1931, data are for groups of registration states as follows: 1900–1902 and 1909–1911, 10

states and the District of Columbia (D.C.); 1919–1921, 34 states and D.C. Beginning 1970 excludes deaths of nonresidents of the United States; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’

section]

Age, race,

and sex

Number of survivors out of 100,000 born alive (l

x)

2006 1999–2001 1989–1991 1979–1981 1969–1971 1959–1961 1949–1951 1939–1941 1929–1931 1919–1921 1909–1911 1900–1902

Black male1

—Con.

60. . . . . . . . . . . 75,746 73,369 66,334 64,980 57,457 61,669 55,535 43,833 36,790 40,506 23,750 24,194

65. . . . . . . . . . . 67,414 64,588 56,795 55,061 47,485 51,392 45,198 35,371 29,314 34,042 17,806 19,015

70. . . . . . . . . . . 57,534 53,926 45,690 44,213 36,925 39,914 35,018 27,236 21,741 26,923 12,295 13,829

75. . . . . . . . . . . 45,743 41,441 33,755 32,717 25,921 29,064 25,472 19,456 14,419 18,854 7,494 8,892

80. . . . . . . . . . . 32,641 28,326 22,549 22,017 16,560 19,994 16,904 12,186 8,239 11,615 3,894 4,831

85. . . . . . . . . . . 20,043 16,433 12,709 12,383 9,648 11,620 9,898 6,444 3,660 5,605 1,747 2,030

90. . . . . . . . . . . 9,952 7,579 5,972 5,708 4,696 5,174 4,642 2,836 1,246 2,040 595 634

95. . . . . . . . . . . 3,675 2,549 1,971 2,009 1,721 1,240 1,342 961 307 552 189 137

100 ..........

Black female1

905 560 466 513 489 149 192 209 41 77 40 18

0. . . . . . . . . . . 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000

1. . . . . . . . . . . 98,777 98,723 98,356 98,073 97,076 96,172 95,913 93,416 92,796 91,251 81,493 78,525

5. . . . . . . . . . . 98,622 98,550 98,087 97,751 96,598 95,543 95,055 91,906 90,185 87,149 72,768 68,056

10. . . . . . . . . . . 98,539 98,455 97,946 97,590 96,369 95,265 94,679 91,308 89,201 85,607 70,508 65,111

15. . . . . . . . . . . 98,451 98,354 97,818 97,450 96,172 95,057 94,343 90,594 88,088 83,954 68,218 62,384

20. . . . . . . . . . . 98,266 98,141 97,566 97,180 95,729 94,660 93,544 88,736 85,078 80,154 64,764 59,053

25. . . . . . . . . . . 97,940 97,784 97,140 96,754 95,035 94,005 92,336 86,198 81,067 75,359 61,430 55,795

30. . . . . . . . . . . 97,500 97,313 96,514 96,150 94,114 93,070 90,799 83,384 76,816 70,633 58,281 52,773

35. . . . . . . . . . . 96,892 96,630 95,599 95,338 92,807 91,670 88,805 80,092 72,192 65,857 54,595 49,567

40. . . . . . . . . . . 95,987 95,585 94,364 94,137 90,817 89,676 86,052 76,084 67,271 61,130 50,568 46,146

45. . . . . . . . . . . 94,564 93,970 92,676 92,322 88,001 86,793 82,257 71,157 61,365 56,230 45,947 42,279

50. . . . . . . . . . . 92,430 91,661 90,277 89,563 84,168 82,979 77,007 64,885 54,920 50,780 40,886 37,681

55. . . . . . . . . . . 89,426 88,478 86,793 85,653 79,177 77,362 70,196 57,314 47,074 44,742 35,415 33,124

60. . . . . . . . . . . 85,423 83,963 81,886 80,293 72,820 69,941 61,758 48,928 38,761 37,954 28,908 27,524

65. . . . . . . . . . . 79,910 77,781 75,031 73,266 64,716 60,825 52,358 40,504 30,852 31,044 22,302 21,995

70. . . . . . . . . . . 72,760 69,634 66,278 64,729 54,873 51,274 42,612 32,354 23,341 24,107 15,871 16,140

75. . . . . . . . . . . 63,292 59,239 55,684 53,831 43,193 40,540 32,981 24,502 16,576 17,216 10,657 11,066

80. . . . . . . . . . . 50,822 46,358 43,622 41,686 31,756 30,315 23,712 17,039 10,822 11,151 6,324 6,708

85. . . . . . . . . . . 36,141 31,987 30,089 28,004 21,358 19,744 15,550 10,622 6,033 5,972 3,029 3,567

90. . . . . . . . . . . 21,357 18,309 17,536 16,260 12,210 9,675 8,590 5,652 2,774 2,579 1,206 1,492

95. . . . . . . . . . . 9,558 7,972 7,687 7,312 5,217 2,438 2,875 2,345 941 818 448 462

100 .......... 2,845 2,346 2,364 2,398 1,803 293 445 659 193 179 112 97

1

For 1939–1941 and 1949–1951, data shown are for the entire nonwhite population. During these periods, life tables were not constructed for the black population. See ‘‘Technical Notes’’ section.
National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 21, June 28, 2010 29

Table 11. Life expectancy by age, race, and sex: Death-registration states, 1900–1902 to 1919–1921, and United States,

1929–1931 to 2006

[Alaska and Hawaii included beginning in 1959. For decennial periods prior to 1929–1931, data are for groups of registration states as follows: 1900–1902 and 1909–1911, 10

states and the District of Columbia (D.C.); 1919–1921, 34 states and D.C. Beginning 1970 excludes deaths of nonresidents of the United States; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’

section]

Age, race,

and sex

Average number of years of life remaining (ex)

2006 1999–2001 1989–1991 1979–1981 1969–1971 1959–1961 1949–1951 1939–1941 1929–1931 1919–1921 1909–1911 1900–1902

All races

0. . . . . . . . . . . 77.7 76.83 75.37 73.88 70.75 69.89 68.07 63.62 59.20 56.40 51.49 49.24

1. . . . . . . . . . . 77.2 76.37 75.08 73.82 71.19 70.75 69.16 65.76 61.94 59.94 57.11 55.20

5. . . . . . . . . . . 73.3 72.47 71.22 70.00 67.43 67.04 65.54 62.49 59.29 57.99 56.21 54.98

10. . . . . . . . . . . 68.4 67.52 66.29 65.10 62.57 62.19 60.74 57.82 54.84 53.79 52.15 51.14

15. . . . . . . . . . . 63.4 62.59 61.38 60.19 57.69 57.33 55.91 53.10 50.25 49.37 47.73 46.81

20. . . . . . . . . . . 58.6 57.79 56.63 55.46 53.00 52.58 51.20 48.54 45.94 45.30 43.53 42.79

25. . . . . . . . . . . 53.9 53.05 51.93 50.81 48.37 47.89 46.56 44.09 41.85 41.47 39.60 39.12

30. . . . . . . . . . . 49.2 48.28 47.23 46.12 43.71 43.18 41.91 39.67 37.75 37.68 35.70 35.51

35. . . . . . . . . . . 44.4 43.54 42.58 41.43 39.07 38.51 37.31 35.30 33.68 33.89 31.90 31.92

40. . . . . . . . . . . 39.7 38.87 37.98 36.79 34.52 33.92 32.81 31.03 29.67 30.08 28.20 28.34

45. . . . . . . . . . . 35.2 34.31 33.44 32.27 30.12 29.50 28.49 26.90 25.79 26.25 24.54 24.77

50. . . . . . . . . . . 30.7 29.88 29.03 27.94 25.93 25.29 24.40 22.98 22.06 22.50 20.98 21.26

55. . . . . . . . . . . 26.5 25.59 24.83 23.85 21.99 21.37 20.57 19.31 18.53 18.90 17.55 17.88

60. . . . . . . . . . . 22.4 21.54 20.90 20.02 18.34 17.71 17.04 15.91 15.24 15.54 14.42 14.76

65. . . . . . . . . . . 18.5 17.77 17.28 16.51 15.00 14.39 13.83 12.80 12.23 12.47 11.60 11.86

70. . . . . . . . . . . 14.9 14.27 13.96 13.32 12.00 11.38 10.92 10.00 9.58 9.74 9.11 9.30

75. . . . . . . . . . . 11.6 11.12 11.00 10.48 9.32 8.71 8.40 7.62 7.32 7.49 6.99 7.08

80. . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 8.42 8.40 7.98 7.10 6.39 6.34 5.73 5.50 5.63 5.25 5.30

85. . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 6.22 6.23 5.96 5.28 4.58 4.69 4.31 4.19 4.21 4.00 3.96

90. . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 4.49 4.50 4.43 3.94 3.22 3.44 3.30 3.15 3.22 3.03 2.95

95. . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 3.19 3.29 3.34 3.06 2.43 2.54 2.61 2.26 2.32 2.35 2.18

100 .......... 2.3 2.27 2.46 2.73 2.62 1.91 1.92 2.13 1.51 1.53 1.85 1.58

Male

0. . . . . . . . . . . 75.1 74.10 71.83 70.11 67.04 66.80 65.47 61.60 57.71 55.50 49.86 47.88

1. . . . . . . . . . . 74.7 73.66 71.58 70.10 67.58 67.80 66.73 64.00 60.75 59.47 55.95 54.35

5. . . . . . . . . . . 70.8 69.77 67.73 66.29 63.82 64.10 63.12 60.76 58.14 57.60 55.11 54.22

10. . . . . . . . . . . 65.8 64.83 62.81 61.41 58.98 59.27 58.35 56.12 53.75 53.44 51.07 50.39

15. . . . . . . . . . . 60.9 59.90 57.91 56.52 54.12 54.43 53.56 51.43 49.18 49.05 46.66 46.06

20. . . . . . . . . . . 56.1 55.17 53.25 51.88 49.54 49.77 48.92 46.91 44.88 44.99 42.48 42.03

25. . . . . . . . . . . 51.5 50.54 48.67 47.37 45.07 45.19 44.36 42.51 40.79 41.11 38.59 38.38

30. . . . . . . . . . . 46.9 45.85 44.10 42.81 40.51 40.56 39.78 38.13 36.71 37.26 34.70 34.76

35. . . . . . . . . . . 42.2 41.18 39.57 38.20 35.95 35.94 35.23 33.79 32.65 33.43 30.94 31.19

40. . . . . . . . . . . 37.6 36.58 35.09 33.64 31.48 31.42 30.79 29.57 28.68 29.63 27.32 27.65

45. . . . . . . . . . . 33.1 32.10 30.66 29.22 27.18 27.09 26.55 25.52 24.87 25.84 23.77 24.14

50. . . . . . . . . . . 28.8 27.79 26.37 25.00 23.12 23.02 22.59 21.72 21.25 22.11 20.32 20.70

55. . . . . . . . . . . 24.7 23.62 22.30 21.08 19.36 19.32 18.96 18.20 17.79 18.53 16.98 17.38

60. . . . . . . . . . . 20.7 19.71 18.53 17.46 15.99 15.94 15.68 14.99 14.62 15.22 13.95 14.33

65. . . . . . . . . . . 17.0 16.11 15.12 14.21 12.99 12.95 12.74 12.07 11.72 12.20 11.24 11.50

70. . . . . . . . . . . 13.6 12.80 12.05 11.35 10.39 10.33 10.11 9.46 9.18 9.52 8.83 9.02

75. . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 9.89 9.39 8.90 8.13 7.99 7.83 7.22 7.02 7.31 6.75 6.84

80. . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 7.44 7.12 6.80 6.27 5.95 5.94 5.44 5.27 5.49 5.10 5.11

85. . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 5.47 5.31 5.13 4.73 4.39 4.41 4.11 4.02 4.10 3.90 3.82

90. . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 3.95 3.89 3.89 3.60 3.18 3.30 3.17 3.06 3.21 3.01 2.86

95. . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 2.82 2.92 2.98 2.82 2.43 2.49 2.52 2.21 2.38 2.36 2.13

100 .......... 2.0 2.03 2.25 2.49 2.43 1.91 1.92 2.05 1.50 1.58 1.81 1.55

Female

0. . . . . . . . . . . 80.2 79.45 78.81 77.62 74.64 73.24 70.96 65.89 60.90 57.40 53.24 50.70

1. . . . . . . . . . . 79.7 78.95 78.47 77.50 74.97 73.93 71.84 67.73 65.37 60.45 58.37 56.10

5. . . . . . . . . . . 75.8 75.04 74.60 73.67 71.19 70.21 68.21 64.43 60.66 58.41 57.39 55.80

10. . . . . . . . . . . 70.8 70.09 69.67 68.75 66.31 65.35 63.38 59.73 56.16 54.16 53.31 51.94

15. . . . . . . . . . . 65.9 65.15 64.73 63.83 61.41 60.45 58.52 54.97 51.54 49.71 48.87 47.60

20. . . . . . . . . . . 61.0 60.27 59.87 58.98 56.59 55.60 53.73 50.37 47.21 45.63 44.66 43.60

25. . . . . . . . . . . 56.1 55.41 55.03 54.16 51.80 50.79 48.99 45.87 43.11 41.86 40.69 39.92

30. . . . . . . . . . . 51.3 50.55 50.19 49.33 47.01 46.00 44.28 41.41 39.02 38.15 36.79 36.30

35. . . . . . . . . . . 46.4 45.73 45.40 44.53 42.28 41.27 39.63 37.01 34.92 34.40 32.95 32.71

40. . . . . . . . . . . 41.7 40.98 40.65 39.80 37.64 36.61 35.06 32.68 30.86 30.58 29.15 29.08

45. . . . . . . . . . . 37.0 36.31 35.97 35.17 33.13 32.09 30.64 28.46 26.89 26.71 25.36 25.44

50. . . . . . . . . . . 32.5 31.74 31.42 30.69 28.77 27.71 26.40 24.40 23.05 22.92 21.67 21.84

55. . . . . . . . . . . 28.0 27.31 27.05 26.39 24.59 23.53 22.33 20.54 19.38 19.28 18.13 18.39

See footnotes at end of table.
30 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 21, June 28, 2010

Table 11. Life expectancy by age, race, and sex: Death-registration states, 1900–1902 to 1919–1921, and United States,

1929–1931 to 2006—Con.

[Alaska and Hawaii included beginning in 1959. For decennial periods prior to 1929–1931, data are for groups of registration states as follows: 1900–1902 and 1909–1911, 10

states and the District of Columbia (D.C.); 1919–1921, 34 states and D.C. Beginning 1970 excludes deaths of nonresidents of the United States; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’

section]

Age, race,

and sex

Average number of years of life remaining (ex)

2006 1999–2001 1989–1991 1979–1981 1969–1971 1959–1961 1949–1951 1939–1941 1929–1931 1919–1921 1909–1911 1900–1902

Female—Con.

60. . . . . . . . . . . 23.8 23.09 22.90 22.29 20.60 19.52 18.50 16.92 15.94 15.87 14.90 15.21

65. . . . . . . . . . . 19.7 19.12 19.02 18.44 16.83 15.80 14.95 13.57 12.78 12.73 11.96 12.22

70. . . . . . . . . . . 15.9 15.40 15.38 14.84 13.35 12.37 11.71 10.56 9.99 9.96 9.38 9.59

75. . . . . . . . . . . 12.3 11.99 12.08 11.58 10.26 9.33 8.94 8.01 7.61 7.65 7.20 7.34

80. . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 9.05 9.13 8.69 7.68 6.72 6.67 5.99 5.70 5.75 5.37 5.51

85. . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 6.62 6.66 6.38 5.63 4.71 4.90 4.47 4.32 4.30 4.08 4.12

90. . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 4.71 4.73 4.66 4.14 3.25 3.54 3.39 3.24 3.23 3.05 3.04

95. . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 3.29 3.40 3.48 3.18 2.43 2.57 2.67 2.30 2.27 2.34 2.24

100 .......... 2.3 2.29 2.52 2.81 2.69 1.91 1.93 2.17 1.52 1.48 1.91 1.61

White

0. . . . . . . . . . . 78.2 77.41 76.13 74.53 71.62 70.73 69.02 64.92 60.86 57.42 51.90 49.64

1. . . . . . . . . . . 77.6 76.85 75.72 74.35 71.91 71.38 69.95 66.84 63.46 60.87 57.46 55.47

5. . . . . . . . . . . 73.7 72.94 71.84 70.52 68.12 67.64 66.29 63.52 60.75 58.86 56.51 55.18

10. . . . . . . . . . . 68.7 67.99 66.92 65.62 63.26 62.79 61.48 58.83 56.29 54.65 52.43 51.34

15. . . . . . . . . . . 63.8 63.05 61.99 60.71 58.37 57.92 56.65 54.09 51.69 50.21 48.01 47.01

20. . . . . . . . . . . 59.0 58.25 57.23 55.98 53.66 53.16 51.91 49.47 47.28 46.04 43.77 43.17

25. . . . . . . . . . . 54.2 53.48 52.50 51.30 49.00 48.44 47.22 44.92 43.02 42.07 39.79 39.26

30. . . . . . . . . . . 49.5 48.70 47.76 46.59 44.28 43.69 42.52 40.40 38.76 38.17 35.86 35.51

35. . . . . . . . . . . 44.7 43.93 43.06 41.86 39.58 38.97 37.86 35.93 34.50 34.27 32.03 32.01

40. . . . . . . . . . . 40.0 39.23 38.41 37.17 34.95 34.33 33.29 31.54 30.33 30.38 28.29 28.28

45. . . . . . . . . . . 35.4 34.63 33.81 32.60 30.48 29.84 28.88 27.29 26.29 26.45 24.60 24.82

50. . . . . . . . . . . 30.9 30.15 29.34 28.21 26.21 25.57 24.70 23.26 22.42 22.64 21.01 21.18

55. . . . . . . . . . . 26.6 25.80 25.08 24.05 22.19 21.58 20.77 19.47 18.75 18.97 17.57 17.91

60. . . . . . . . . . . 22.5 21.70 21.08 20.16 18.48 17.84 17.15 15.98 15.37 15.57 14.43 14.73

65. . . . . . . . . . . 18.6 17.88 17.40 16.59 15.08 14.44 13.86 12.80 12.28 12.47 11.60 11.87

70. . . . . . . . . . . 14.9 14.34 14.02 13.35 12.01 11.37 10.89 9.96 9.58 9.72 9.10 9.31

75. . . . . . . . . . . 11.5 11.15 11.03 10.47 9.27 8.65 8.34 7.55 7.30 7.47 6.98 7.08

80. . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 8.42 8.39 7.95 7.01 6.33 6.27 5.64 5.45 5.59 5.22 5.30

85. . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 6.19 6.20 5.90 5.19 4.53 4.62 4.20 4.12 4.15 3.97 3.95

90. . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 4.44 4.46 4.36 3.84 3.20 3.41 3.16 3.10 3.17 3.00 2.93

95. . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 3.14 3.25 3.25 2.92 2.43 2.53 2.45 2.22 2.28 2.29 2.16

100 .......... 2.2 2.22 2.43 2.62 2.41 1.91 1.92 1.95 1.48 1.50 1.71 1.56

White male

0. . . . . . . . . . . 75.7 74.74 72.72 70.82 67.94 67.55 66.31 62.81 59.12 56.34 50.23 48.23

1. . . . . . . . . . . 75.1 74.21 72.35 70.70 68.33 68.34 67.41 64.98 62.04 60.24 56.26 54.61

5. . . . . . . . . . . 71.2 70.31 68.48 66.87 64.55 64.61 63.77 61.68 59.38 58.31 55.37 54.43

10. . . . . . . . . . . 66.3 65.36 63.55 61.98 59.69 59.78 58.98 57.03 54.96 54.15 51.32 50.59

15. . . . . . . . . . . 61.3 60.43 58.65 57.09 54.83 54.93 54.18 52.33 50.39 49.74 46.91 46.25

20. . . . . . . . . . . 56.6 55.69 53.96 52.45 50.22 50.25 49.52 47.76 46.02 45.60 42.71 42.19

25. . . . . . . . . . . 51.9 51.02 49.33 47.92 45.70 45.65 44.93 43.28 41.78 41.60 38.79 38.52

30. . . . . . . . . . . 47.3 46.30 44.71 43.31 41.07 40.97 40.29 38.80 37.54 37.65 34.87 34.88

35. . . . . . . . . . . 42.6 41.60 40.12 38.66 36.43 36.31 35.68 34.36 33.33 33.74 31.08 31.29

40. . . . . . . . . . . 37.9 36.98 35.57 34.04 31.87 31.73 31.17 30.03 29.22 29.86 27.43 27.74

45. . . . . . . . . . . 33.4 32.46 31.07 29.55 27.48 27.34 26.87 25.87 25.28 26.00 23.86 24.21

50. . . . . . . . . . . 29.0 28.09 26.71 25.26 23.34 23.22 22.83 21.96 21.51 22.22 20.39 20.76

55. . . . . . . . . . . 24.9 23.86 22.56 21.25 19.51 19.45 19.11 18.34 17.97 18.59 17.03 17.42

60. . . . . . . . . . . 20.9 19.88 18.71 17.56 16.07 16.01 15.76 15.05 14.72 15.25 13.98 14.35

65. . . . . . . . . . . 17.1 16.22 15.24 14.26 13.02 12.97 12.75 12.07 11.77 12.21 11.25 11.51

70. . . . . . . . . . . 13.6 12.87 12.11 11.35 10.38 10.29 10.07 9.42 9.20 9.51 8.83 9.03

75. . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 9.92 9.40 8.87 8.06 7.92 7.77 7.17 7.02 7.30 6.75 6.84

80. . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 7.43 7.11 6.76 6.18 5.89 5.88 5.38 5.26 5.47 5.09 5.10

85. . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 5.43 5.28 5.09 4.63 4.34 4.35 4.02 3.99 4.06 3.88 3.81

90. . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 3.90 3.85 3.83 3.49 3.16 3.27 3.06 3.03 3.18 2.99 2.85

95. . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 2.77 2.88 2.91 2.67 2.43 2.48 2.40 2.19 2.36 2.31 2.12

100 .......... 2.0 1.98 2.21 2.41 2.20 1.91 1.92 1.96 1.49 1.58 1.68 1.55

See footnotes at end of table.
National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 21, June 28, 2010 31

Table 11. Life expectancy by age, race, and sex: Death-registration states, 1900–1902 to 1919–1921, and United States,

1929–1931 to 2006—Con.

[Alaska and Hawaii included beginning in 1959. For decennial periods prior to 1929–1931, data are for groups of registration states as follows: 1900–1902 and 1909–1911, 10

states and the District of Columbia (D.C.); 1919–1921, 34 states and D.C. Beginning 1970 excludes deaths of nonresidents of the United States; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’

section]

Age, race,

and sex

Average number of years of life remaining (ex)

2006 1999–2001 1989–1991 1979–1981 1969–1971 1959–1961 1949–1951 1939–1941 1929–1931 1919–1921 1909–1911 1900–1902

White female

0. . . . . . . . . . . 80.6 79.97 79.45 78.22 75.49 74.19 72.03 67.29 62.67 58.53 53.62 51.08

1. . . . . . . . . . . 80.0 79.38 78.99 77.98 75.66 74.68 72.77 68.93 64.93 61.51 58.69 56.39

5. . . . . . . . . . . 76.1 75.46 75.10 74.13 71.86 70.92 69.09 65.57 62.17 59.43 57.67 56.03

10. . . . . . . . . . . 71.1 70.51 70.16 69.21 66.97 66.05 64.26 60.85 57.65 55.17 53.57 52.15

15. . . . . . . . . . . 66.1 65.56 65.23 64.29 62.07 61.15 59.39 56.07 53.00 50.67 49.12 47.79

20. . . . . . . . . . . 61.3 60.69 60.36 59.44 57.24 56.29 54.56 51.38 48.52 46.46 44.88 43.77

25. . . . . . . . . . . 56.4 55.81 55.51 54.60 52.42 51.45 49.77 46.78 44.25 42.55 40.88 40.05

30. . . . . . . . . . . 51.5 50.94 50.65 49.76 47.60 46.63 45.00 42.21 39.99 38.72 36.96 36.42

35. . . . . . . . . . . 46.7 46.10 45.82 44.93 42.82 41.84 40.28 37.70 35.73 34.86 33.09 32.82

40. . . . . . . . . . . 41.9 41.31 41.03 40.16 38.12 37.13 35.64 33.25 31.52 30.94 29.26 29.17

45. . . . . . . . . . . 37.2 36.61 36.30 35.49 33.54 32.53 31.12 28.90 27.39 26.98 25.45 25.51

50. . . . . . . . . . . 32.6 31.99 31.71 30.96 29.11 28.08 26.76 24.72 23.41 23.12 21.74 21.89

55. . . . . . . . . . . 28.2 27.52 27.29 26.61 24.85 23.81 22.58 20.73 19.60 19.40 18.18 18.43

60. . . . . . . . . . . 23.8 23.25 23.09 22.45 20.79 19.69 18.64 17.00 16.05 15.93 14.92 15.23

65. . . . . . . . . . . 19.8 19.23 19.14 18.55 16.93 15.88 15.00 13.56 12.81 12.75 11.97 12.23

70. . . . . . . . . . . 15.9 15.47 15.46 14.89 13.37 12.38 11.68 10.50 9.98 9.94 9.38 9.59

75. . . . . . . . . . . 12.3 12.02 12.11 11.58 10.21 9.28 8.87 7.92 7.56 7.62 7.20 7.33

80. . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 9.04 9.12 8.65 7.59 6.67 6.59 5.88 5.63 5.70 5.35 5.50

85. . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 6.59 6.62 6.32 5.54 4.66 4.83 4.34 4.24 4.24 4.06 4.10

90. . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 4.67 4.69 4.59 4.05 3.23 3.51 3.24 3.17 3.16 3.00 3.02

95. . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 3.24 3.36 3.39 3.04 2.43 2.56 2.47 2.24 2.20 2.27 2.21

100 .......... 2.2 2.24 2.49 2.70 2.49 1.91 1.92 1.95 1.48 1.42 1.74 1.58

Black1

0. . . . . . . . . . . 73.2 71.74 69.16 68.52 64.11 63.91 60.73 53.85 48.53 47.03 35.87 33.80

1. . . . . . . . . . . 73.2 71.78 69.43 68.99 65.27 65.75 62.65 57.15 51.71 51.01 43.84 43.00

5. . . . . . . . . . . 69.4 67.92 65.64 65.25 61.62 62.21 59.25 54.13 49.25 49.44 45.34 45.55

10. . . . . . . . . . . 64.4 62.99 60.75 60.38 56.79 57.41 54.50 49.50 44.80 45.26 41.74 42.46

15. . . . . . . . . . . 59.5 58.07 55.86 55.49 51.94 52.57 49.73 44.89 40.37 41.02 38.02 39.04

20. . . . . . . . . . . 54.7 53.32 51.19 50.75 47.34 47.88 45.19 40.73 36.62 37.72 34.86 36.03

25. . . . . . . . . . . 50.1 48.71 46.67 46.18 43.00 43.35 40.85 36.91 33.32 34.91 31.72 33.04

30. . . . . . . . . . . 45.5 44.10 42.22 41.69 38.70 38.89 36.59 33.17 30.07 31.98 28.43 29.96

35. . . . . . . . . . . 40.9 39.53 37.87 37.28 34.48 34.56 32.44 29.53 26.94 29.07 25.39 26.82

40. . . . . . . . . . . 36.4 35.06 33.65 32.98 30.46 30.39 28.48 26.06 23.82 26.07 22.41 23.73

45. . . . . . . . . . . 32.0 30.79 29.55 28.87 26.65 26.46 24.75 22.82 20.97 23.17 19.58 20.67

50. . . . . . . . . . . 27.9 26.75 25.62 25.03 23.11 22.74 21.38 19.94 18.22 20.17 16.84 17.95

55. . . . . . . . . . . 24.1 22.93 21.95 21.50 19.83 19.45 18.41 17.43 15.80 17.33 14.33 15.23

60. . . . . . . . . . . 20.4 19.40 18.59 18.29 16.83 16.53 15.87 15.18 13.62 14.72 12.16 13.06

65. . . . . . . . . . . 17.1 16.14 15.56 15.37 14.16 13.96 13.59 13.02 11.49 12.22 10.22 10.87

70. . . . . . . . . . . 13.9 13.18 12.87 12.67 11.77 11.63 11.48 10.93 9.54 9.90 8.59 8.96

75. . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 10.54 10.48 10.32 9.89 9.52 9.48 8.97 7.84 8.00 7.08 7.24

80. . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 8.29 8.30 8.17 8.20 7.28 7.62 7.31 6.19 6.22 5.80 5.79

85. . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 6.41 6.51 6.54 6.54 5.27 5.79 5.91 4.92 4.88 4.80 4.56

90. . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 4.90 4.94 5.13 5.09 3.48 3.97 4.64 3.83 3.84 4.26 3.60

95. . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 3.71 3.82 4.08 4.28 2.43 2.70 3.51 2.83 2.90 3.31 2.82

100 .......... 2.8 2.81 2.91 3.58 3.93 1.91 1.94 2.57 1.87 1.94 2.27 2.18

Black male1

0. . . . . . . . . . . 69.7 68.08 64.47 64.10 60.00 61.48 58.91 52.26 47.55 47.14 34.05 32.54

1. . . . . . . . . . . 69.7 68.16 64.76 64.60 61.24 63.50 61.06 55.93 51.08 51.63 42.53 42.46

5. . . . . . . . . . . 65.8 64.31 60.98 60.86 57.60 59.98 57.69 52.95 48.69 50.18 44.25 45.06

10. . . . . . . . . . . 60.9 59.39 56.09 56.01 52.79 55.19 52.96 48.34 44.27 45.99 40.65 41.90

15. . . . . . . . . . . 56.0 54.48 51.22 51.14 47.96 50.39 48.23 43.74 39.83 41.75 36.77 38.26

20. . . . . . . . . . . 51.3 49.83 46.71 46.48 43.49 45.78 43.73 39.52 35.95 38.36 33.46 35.11

25. . . . . . . . . . . 46.8 45.41 42.40 42.09 39.45 41.38 39.49 35.72 32.67 35.54 30.44 32.21

30. . . . . . . . . . . 42.4 40.94 38.14 37.81 35.40 37.05 35.31 32.05 29.45 32.51 27.33 29.25

35. . . . . . . . . . . 37.9 36.47 34.02 33.60 31.42 32.81 31.21 28.48 26.39 29.54 24.42 26.16

40. . . . . . . . . . . 33.5 32.10 30.05 29.51 27.61 28.72 27.29 25.06 23.36 26.53 21.57 23.12

45. . . . . . . . . . . 29.2 27.92 26.18 25.61 24.03 24.89 23.59 21.88 20.59 23.55 18.85 20.09

50. . . . . . . . . . . 25.2 24.05 22.50 22.03 20.69 21.28 20.25 19.06 17.92 20.47 16.21 17.34

55. . . . . . . . . . . 21.6 20.43 19.08 18.79 17.66 18.11 17.36 16.60 15.46 17.50 13.82 14.69

See footnotes at end of table.
32 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 21, June 28, 2010

Table 11. Life expectancy by age, race, and sex: Death-registration states, 1900–1902 to 1919–1921, and United States,

1929–1931 to 2006—Con.

[Alaska and Hawaii included beginning in 1959. For decennial periods prior to 1929–1931, data are for groups of registration states as follows: 1900–1902 and 1909–1911, 10

states and the District of Columbia (D.C.); 1919–1921, 34 states and D.C. Beginning 1970 excludes deaths of nonresidents of the United States; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’

section]

Age, race,

and sex

Average number of years of life remaining (ex)

2006 1999–2001 1989–1991 1979–1981 1969–1971 1959–1961 1949–1951 1939–1941 1929–1931 1919–1921 1909–1911 1900–1902

Black male1

—Con.

60. . . . . . . . . . . 18.2 17.14 16.01 15.89 14.93 15.29 14.91 14.37 13.15 14.74 11.67 12.62

65. . . . . . . . . . . 15.1 14.12 13.27 13.29 12.53 12.84 12.75 12.21 10.87 12.07 9.74 10.38

70. . . . . . . . . . . 12.3 11.40 10.88 10.94 10.40 10.81 10.74 10.11 8.78 9.58 8.00 8.33

75. . . . . . . . . . . 9.8 9.07 8.84 8.90 8.76 8.93 8.83 8.17 6.99 7.61 6.58 6.60

80. . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 7.12 7.01 7.03 7.35 6.87 7.07 6.58 5.42 5.83 5.53 5.12

85. . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 5.52 5.58 5.61 5.92 5.08 5.38 5.34 4.30 4.53 4.48 4.04

90. . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 4.23 4.24 4.47 4.68 3.42 3.78 4.23 3.42 3.60 4.01 3.21

95. . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 3.24 3.37 3.62 3.92 2.43 2.64 3.20 2.54 2.61 3.15 2.50

100 .......... 2.6 2.48 2.63 3.24 3.61 1.91 1.93 2.29 1.68 1.64 2.14 1.89

Black female1

0. . . . . . . . . . . 76.5 75.12 73.73 72.88 68.32 66.47 62.70 55.56 49.51 46.92 37.67 35.04

1. . . . . . . . . . . 76.5 75.09 73.96 73.31 69.37 68.10 64.37 58.46 52.33 50.39 45.15 43.54

5. . . . . . . . . . . 72.6 71.22 70.16 69.54 65.70 64.54 60.93 55.40 49.81 48.70 46.42 46.04

10. . . . . . . . . . . 67.7 66.28 65.26 64.65 60.85 59.72 56.17 50.75 45.33 44.54 42.84 43.02

15. . . . . . . . . . . 62.7 61.35 60.34 59.74 55.97 54.85 51.36 46.13 40.87 40.36 39.18 39.79

20. . . . . . . . . . . 57.8 56.48 55.49 54.90 51.22 50.07 46.77 42.04 37.22 37.15 36.14 36.89

25. . . . . . . . . . . 53.0 51.67 50.72 50.13 46.57 45.40 42.35 38.20 33.93 34.35 32.97 33.90

30. . . . . . . . . . . 48.2 46.91 46.03 45.43 42.00 40.83 38.02 34.40 30.67 31.48 29.61 30.70

35. . . . . . . . . . . 43.5 42.22 41.45 40.79 37.56 36.41 33.82 30.83 27.47 28.58 26.44 27.52

40. . . . . . . . . . . 38.9 37.65 36.96 36.28 33.32 32.16 29.82 27.19 24.30 25.60 23.34 24.37

45. . . . . . . . . . . 34.5 33.26 32.58 31.94 29.31 28.14 26.07 23.89 21.39 22.61 20.43 21.36

50. . . . . . . . . . . 30.2 29.03 28.38 27.84 25.52 24.31 22.67 20.95 18.60 19.76 17.65 18.67

55. . . . . . . . . . . 26.1 24.98 24.41 24.00 21.97 20.89 19.62 18.38 16.27 17.09 14.98 15.88

60. . . . . . . . . . . 22.2 21.18 20.71 20.42 18.66 17.83 16.95 16.10 14.22 14.69 12.78 13.60

65. . . . . . . . . . . 18.6 17.65 17.37 17.13 15.67 15.12 14.54 13.95 12.24 12.41 10.82 11.38

70. . . . . . . . . . . 15.1 14.41 14.32 14.05 13.02 12.46 12.29 11.82 10.38 10.25 9.22 9.62

75. . . . . . . . . . . 12.0 11.49 11.56 11.37 10.85 10.10 10.15 9.81 8.62 8.37 7.55 7.90

80. . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 8.96 9.05 8.95 8.87 7.66 8.15 8.02 6.90 6.58 6.05 6.48

85. . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 6.86 6.99 7.09 7.00 5.44 6.15 6.41 5.48 5.22 5.09 5.10

90. . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 5.16 5.24 5.47 5.41 3.52 4.13 4.96 4.20 4.07 4.50 4.01

95. . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 3.84 3.97 4.30 4.58 2.43 2.74 3.71 3.09 3.18 3.45 3.15

100 .......... 2.8 2.84 2.97 3.69 4.20 1.91 1.94 2.70 2.04 2.23 2.39 2.49

1

For 1939–1941 and 1949–1951, data shown are for the entire nonwhite population. During these periods, life tables were not constructed for the black population. See ‘‘Technical Notes’’ section.
National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 21, June 28, 2010 33

Table 12. Estimated life expectancy at birth in years, by race and sex: Death-registration states, 1900–1928, and

United States, 1929–2006

[For selected years, life table values shown are estimates. Beginning 1970 excludes deaths of nonresidents of the United States; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’ section]

Area and year

All races White Black1

Both

sexes Male Female

Both

sexes Male Female

Both

sexes Male Female

United States2

20063 ................... 77.7 75.1 80.2 78.2 75.7 80.6 73.2 69.7 76.5

20053 ................... 77.4 74.9 79.9 77.9 75.4 80.4 72.8 69.3 76.1

20043 ................... 77.5 74.9 79.9 77.9 75.4 80.4 72.8 69.3 76.0

20033 ................... 77.1 74.5 79.6 77.6 75.0 80.0 72.3 68.8 75.6

20023 ................... 76.9 74.3 79.5 77.4 74.9 79.9 72.1 68.6 75.4

20013 ................... 76.9 74.2 79.4 77.4 74.8 79.9 72.0 68.4 75.2

20003 ................... 76.8 74.1 79.3 77.3 74.7 79.9 71.8 68.2 75.1

1999 .................... 76.7 73.9 79.4 77.3 74.6 79.9 71.4 67.8 74.7

1998 .................... 76.7 73.8 79.5 77.3 74.5 80.0 71.3 67.6 74.8

1997 .................... 76.5 73.6 79.4 77.2 74.3 79.9 71.1 67.2 74.7

1996 .................... 76.1 73.1 79.1 76.8 73.9 79.7 70.2 66.1 74.2

1995 .................... 75.8 72.5 78.9 76.5 73.4 79.6 69.6 65.2 73.9

1994 .................... 75.7 72.4 79.0 76.5 73.3 79.6 69.5 64.9 73.9

1993 .................... 75.5 72.2 78.8 76.3 73.1 79.5 69.2 64.6 73.7

1992 .................... 75.8 72.3 79.1 76.5 73.2 79.8 69.6 65.0 73.9

1991 .................... 75.5 72.0 78.9 76.3 72.9 79.6 69.3 64.6 73.8

1990 .................... 75.4 71.8 78.8 76.1 72.7 79.4 69.1 64.5 73.6

1989 .................... 75.1 71.7 78.5 75.9 72.5 79.2 68.8 64.3 73.3

1988 .................... 74.9 71.4 78.3 75.6 72.2 78.9 68.9 64.4 73.2

1987 .................... 74.9 71.4 78.3 75.6 72.1 78.9 69.1 64.7 73.4

1986 .................... 74.7 71.2 78.2 75.4 71.9 78.8 69.1 64.8 73.4

1985 .................... 74.7 71.1 78.2 75.3 71.8 78.7 69.3 65.0 73.4

1984 .................... 74.7 71.1 78.2 75.3 71.8 78.7 69.5 65.3 73.6

1983 .................... 74.6 71.0 78.1 75.2 71.6 78.7 69.4 65.2 73.5

1982 .................... 74.5 70.8 78.1 75.1 71.5 78.7 69.4 65.1 73.6

1981 .................... 74.1 70.4 77.8 74.8 71.1 78.4 68.9 64.5 73.2

1980 .................... 73.7 70.0 77.4 74.4 70.7 78.1 68.1 63.8 72.5

1979 .................... 73.9 70.0 77.8 74.6 70.8 78.4 68.5 64.0 72.9

1978 .................... 73.5 69.6 77.3 74.1 70.4 78.0 68.1 63.7 72.4

1977 .................... 73.3 69.5 77.2 74.0 70.2 77.9 67.7 63.4 72.0

1976 .................... 72.9 69.1 76.8 73.6 69.9 77.5 67.2 62.9 71.6

1975 .................... 72.6 68.8 76.6 73.4 69.5 77.3 66.8 62.4 71.3

1974 .................... 72.0 68.2 75.9 72.8 69.0 76.7 66.0 61.7 70.3

1973 .................... 71.4 67.6 75.3 72.2 68.5 76.1 65.0 60.9 69.3

19724 ................... 71.2 67.4 75.1 72.0 68.3 75.9 64.7 60.4 69.1

1971 .................... 71.1 67.4 75.0 72.0 68.3 75.8 64.6 60.5 68.9

1970 .................... 70.8 67.1 74.7 71.7 68.0 75.6 64.1 60.0 68.3

1969 .................... 70.5 66.8 74.4 71.4 67.7 75.3 64.5 60.6 68.6

1968 .................... 70.2 66.6 74.1 71.1 67.5 75.0 64.1 60.4 67.9

1967 .................... 70.5 67.0 74.3 71.4 67.8 75.2 64.9 61.4 68.5

1966 .................... 70.2 66.7 73.9 71.1 67.5 74.8 64.2 60.9 67.6

1965 .................... 70.2 66.8 73.8 71.1 67.6 74.8 64.3 61.2 67.6

1964 .................... 70.2 66.8 73.7 71.0 67.7 74.7 64.2 61.3 67.3

19635 ................... 69.9 66.6 73.4 70.8 67.4 74.4 63.7 61.0 66.6

19625 ................... 70.1 66.9 73.5 70.9 67.7 74.5 64.2 61.6 66.9

1961 .................... 70.2 67.1 73.6 71.0 67.8 74.6 64.5 62.0 67.1

1960 .................... 69.7 66.6 73.1 70.6 67.4 74.1 63.6 61.1 66.3

1959 .................... 69.9 66.8 73.2 70.7 67.5 74.2 63.9 61.3 66.5

1958 .................... 69.6 66.6 72.9 70.5 67.4 73.9 63.4 61.0 65.8

1957 .................... 69.5 66.4 72.7 70.3 67.2 73.7 63.0 60.7 65.5

1956 .................... 69.7 66.7 72.9 70.5 67.5 73.9 63.6 61.3 66.1

1955 .................... 69.6 66.7 72.8 70.5 67.4 73.7 63.7 61.4 66.1

1954 .................... 69.6 66.7 72.8 70.5 67.5 73.7 63.4 61.1 65.9

1953 .................... 68.8 66.0 72.0 69.7 66.8 73.0 62.0 59.7 64.5

1952 .................... 68.6 65.8 71.6 69.5 66.6 72.6 61.4 59.1 63.8

1951 .................... 68.4 65.6 71.4 69.3 66.5 72.4 61.2 59.2 63.4

1950 .................... 68.2 65.6 71.1 69.1 66.5 72.2 60.8 59.1 62.9

1949 .................... 68.0 65.2 70.7 68.8 66.2 71.9 60.6 58.9 62.7

1948 .................... 67.2 64.6 69.9 68.0 65.5 71.0 60.0 58.1 62.5

1947 .................... 66.8 64.4 69.7 67.6 65.2 70.5 59.7 57.9 61.9

1946 .................... 66.7 64.4 69.4 67.5 65.1 70.3 59.1 57.5 61.0

1945 .................... 65.9 63.6 67.9 66.8 64.4 69.5 57.7 56.1 59.6

1944 .................... 65.2 63.6 66.8 66.2 64.5 68.4 56.6 55.8 57.7

See footnotes at end of table.
34 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 21, June 28, 2010

Table 12. Estimated life expectancy at birth in years, by race and sex: Death-registration states, 1900–1928, and

United States, 1929–2006—Con.

[For selected years, life table values shown are estimates. Beginning 1970 excludes deaths of nonresidents of the United States; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’ section]

Area and year

All races White Black1

Both

sexes Male Female

Both

sexes Male Female

Both

sexes Male Female

United States2

—Con.

1943 .................... 63.3 62.4 64.4 64.2 63.2 65.7 55.6 55.4 56.1

1942 .................... 66.2 64.7 67.9 67.3 65.9 69.4 56.6 55.4 58.2

1941 .................... 64.8 63.1 66.8 66.2 64.4 68.5 53.8 52.5 55.3

1940 .................... 62.9 60.8 65.2 64.2 62.1 66.6 53.1 51.5 54.9

1939 .................... 63.7 62.1 65.4 64.9 63.3 66.6 54.5 53.2 56.0

1938 .................... 63.5 61.9 65.3 65.0 63.2 66.8 52.9 51.7 54.3

1937 .................... 60.0 58.0 62.4 61.4 59.3 63.8 50.3 48.3 52.5

1936 .................... 58.5 56.6 60.6 59.8 58.0 61.9 49.0 47.0 51.4

1935 .................... 61.7 59.9 63.9 62.9 61.0 65.0 53.1 51.3 55.2

1934 .................... 61.1 59.3 63.3 62.4 60.5 64.6 51.8 50.2 53.7

1933 .................... 63.3 61.7 65.1 64.3 62.7 66.3 54.7 53.5 56.0

1932 .................... 62.1 61.0 63.5 63.2 62.0 64.5 53.7 52.8 54.6

1931 .................... 61.1 59.4 63.1 62.6 60.8 64.7 50.4 49.5 51.5

1930 .................... 59.7 58.1 61.6 61.4 59.7 63.5 48.1 47.3 49.2

1929 ....................

Death-registration states

57.1 55.8 58.7 58.6 57.2 60.3 46.7 45.7 47.8

1928 .................... 56.8 55.6 58.3 58.4 57.0 60.0 46.3 45.6 47.0

1927 .................... 60.4 59.0 62.1 62.0 60.5 63.9 48.2 47.6 48.9

1926 .................... 56.7 55.5 58.0 58.2 57.0 59.6 44.6 43.7 45.6

1925 .................... 59.0 57.6 60.6 60.7 59.3 62.4 45.7 44.9 46.7

1924 .................... 59.7 58.1 61.5 61.4 59.8 63.4 46.6 45.5 47.8

1923 .................... 57.2 56.1 58.5 58.3 57.1 59.6 48.3 47.7 48.9

1922 .................... 59.6 58.4 61.0 60.4 59.1 61.9 52.4 51.8 53.0

1921 .................... 60.8 60.0 61.8 61.8 60.8 62.9 51.5 51.6 51.3

1920 .................... 54.1 53.6 54.6 54.9 54.4 55.6 45.3 45.5 45.2

1919 .................... 54.7 53.5 56.0 55.8 54.5 57.4 44.5 44.5 44.4

1918 .................... 39.1 36.6 42.2 39.8 37.1 43.2 31.1 29.9 32.5

1917 .................... 50.9 48.4 54.0 52.0 49.3 55.3 38.8 37.0 40.8

1916 .................... 51.7 49.6 54.3 52.5 50.2 55.2 41.3 39.6 43.1

1915 .................... 54.5 52.5 56.8 55.1 53.1 57.5 38.9 37.5 40.5

1914 .................... 54.2 52.0 56.8 54.9 52.7 57.5 38.9 37.1 40.8

1913 .................... 52.5 50.3 55.0 53.0 50.8 55.7 38.4 36.7 40.3

1912 .................... 53.5 51.5 55.9 53.9 51.9 56.2 37.9 35.9 40.0

1911 .................... 52.6 50.9 54.4 53.0 51.3 54.9 36.4 34.6 38.2

1910 .................... 50.0 48.4 51.8 50.3 48.6 52.0 35.6 33.8 37.5

1909 .................... 52.1 50.5 53.8 52.5 50.9 54.2 35.7 34.2 37.3

1908 .................... 51.1 49.5 52.8 51.5 49.9 53.3 34.9 33.8 36.0

1907 .................... 47.6 45.6 49.9 48.1 46.0 50.4 32.5 31.1 34.0

1906 .................... 48.7 46.9 50.8 49.3 47.3 51.4 32.9 31.8 33.9

1905 .................... 48.7 47.3 50.2 49.1 47.6 50.6 31.3 29.6 33.1

1904 .................... 47.6 46.2 49.1 48.0 46.6 49.5 30.8 29.1 32.7

1903 .................... 50.5 49.1 52.0 50.9 49.5 52.5 33.1 31.7 34.6

1902 .................... 51.5 49.8 53.4 51.9 50.2 53.8 34.6 32.9 36.4

1901 .................... 49.1 47.6 50.6 49.4 48.0 51.0 33.7 32.2 35.3

1900 .................... 47.3 46.3 48.3 47.6 46.6 48.7 33.0 32.5 33.5

1

Prior to 1970, data for the black population are not available. Data shown for 1900–1969 are for the nonwhite population. See ‘‘Technical Notes’’ section.
 2

Alaska included in 1959 and Hawaii in 1960.
 3

Life expectancies for 2000–2006 were calculated using a revised methodology; see text reference 1.
 4

Deaths based on a 50-percent sample.
 5

Figures by race exclude data for residents of New Jersey; see ‘‘Technical Notes’’ section.
 
National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 21, June 28, 2010 35

Technical Notes

The life table program—Three series of complete life tables are

prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s

National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) for the U.S. population:

decennial, annual preliminary, and annual final. The U.S. decennial

life tables are based on decennial census data and deaths for a

3-year period around the census year. Preliminary life tables are

based on a substantial sample (approximately 90 percent) of death

records. Estimates of life expectancy from the preliminary series are

published annually. The annual final life tables (referred to in this

section as annual life tables) are based on a complete count of all

reported deaths.

Available since 1945, the annual life tables are based on deaths

occurring during the calendar year and on midyear postcensal population estimates provided by the U.S. Census Bureau. From 1945

through 1996, the annual life tables were abridged life tables and were

constructed by reference to a standard table (9). Beginning with 1997

mortality data, a new methodology was employed to estimate complete

life tables to age 100, with combined life table values presented for ages

100 and over (15). Prior to 1997, the annual life tables were closed at

age 85, with ages 85 and over combined. Extension of the oldest age

interval was implemented by NCHS for several reasons: survival in the

United States is such that over one-third of the population survives

beyond age 85, improvements have occurred in age reporting at older

ages, and high-quality old-age mortality data are available from the

Medicare program.

The annual life tables presented in this report are based on a

revised methodology that was used to estimate the 2005 U.S. annual

life tables and to revise previously published U.S. annual life tables for

years 2000–2004. The revised versions of the annual life tables for

years 2000–2004 appear in an appendix of the 2005 U.S. life table

report (1). The revised methodology improves upon the methodology

developed in 1997 through the use of more precise techniques for the

estimation of old age mortality, discussed in greater detail below.

Geographic coverage—The geographic areas covered in life

tables before 1929–1931 were limited to the death-registration areas.

Life tables for 1900–1902 and 1909–1911 were constructed using

mortality data from the 1900 death-registration states [10 states and

the District of Columbia (D.C.)] and for 1919–1921 from the 1920

death-registration states (34 states and D.C.). The tables for the years

1929–1931 through 1958 cover the coterminous United States. Decennial life table values for the 3-year period 1959–1961 were derived from

data that include both Alaska and Hawaii for each year (Tables 10 and

11). Data for each year shown in Table 12 include Alaska beginning in

1959 and Hawaii beginning in 1960. However, it is not believed that

the inclusion of these two states materially affects life table values.

Revised intercensal life table values—Life table values for

1960–1969, 1970–1979, and 1980–1989 were constructed using the

U.S. decennial life tables for 1959–1961, 1969–1971, and 1979–1981,

respectively, as the standard tables. The life table values for years prior

to 1989 appearing in this publication are based on revised intercensal

estimates of the populations for those years. As a result, the life table

values for these years may differ from the life table values for the years

published in Vital Statistics of the United States for 1989 and earlier

years. Life table values for 1991–1999 are based on postcensal

population estimates of the population enumerated in the 1990

decennial census, while life table values for 2000–2006 are based on

population estimates of the population enumerated in the 2000 decennial census. As a result, life expectancy values across the 1990s are

not comparable to those estimated for 2000–2006. A comparison of life

expectancy values for 2000 estimated alternately with 1990-based

postcensal estimates of the 2000 population and population estimates

based on the 2000 census revealed that life expectancy values estimated using the 2000 census population estimates were slightly higher

throughout the entire age range (18). Revised life table values for

1991–1999 using new intercensal population estimates based on the

2000 census will be estimated by NCHS in the near future.

New Jersey data, 1962–1964—The life tables for 1962 and 1963

for the six race population groups do not include data from New Jersey,

which omitted the item on race from its certificates of live birth, death,

and fetal death in use at the beginning of 1962. The item was restored

during the latter part of 1962. However, the certificate revision without

this item was used for most of 1962 as well as for 1963. For computing

vital rates, populations by age, race, and sex (excluding New Jersey)

were estimated to obtain comparable denominators. Approximately

7 percent of the New Jersey death records for 1964 did not contain the

race designation. When the records were being electronically processed for this state, the ‘‘race not stated’’ deaths were proportionally

allocated to white or to black.

Nonresidents—Beginning in 1970 the deaths of nonresidents of

the United States were excluded from the life table statistics.

Estimation of life table functions—For some years, it was necessary to estimate life table functions for some race-sex groups. In

Tables 10 and 11, figures for the black population during the periods

1949–1951 and 1959–1961 were estimated using figures for the nonwhite population. Life table functions were also missing in Tables 10

and 11 for race-sex groups for the periods from 1900–1902 to

1939–1941. Figures were missing for the following groups:

Years Race and sex

1900–1902 ........ Total white, total black
 

1909–1911 ........ Total white, total black
 

1919–1921 ........ Total, male, female, total white, total black
 

1929–1931 ........ Total, male, female, total white, total black
 

These missing figures were estimated by weighted averages

using population distributions as the weights. For example, life

expectancy at age 20 for the total black population was estimated by

a weighted average of black male and black female life expectancies

at age 20, using as weights the population distribution by sex of the

black population aged 20.

Annual life tables were initiated in 1945 for white males, white

females, all other males, and all other females. The figures in Table 12

by race and sex for the following years were estimated using a

procedure other than the abridged life table methodology (19):

Years Race and sex

1900–1945 ................. Total
 

1900–1947 ................. Male
 

1900–1947 ................. Female
 

1900–1950 ................. White
 1900–1944 ................. White male
 

1900–1944 ................. White female
 
36 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 21, June 28, 2010

Annual life table functions were not calculated for the black

population prior to 1970. In Table 12, life expectancy for the black

population for years prior to 1970 is estimated using figures for the

total nonwhite population.

Data used for computing life table functions

Population data—Populations used for computing life tables

shown in this report represent the population residing in the United

States, enumerated as of April 1 for census years and estimated as

of July 1 for all other years. Life tables for the United States for 2006

are estimated using postcensal estimates published in 2006 based on

the 2000 census and estimated as of July 1, 2006. These estimates

were produced under a collaborative arrangement with the U.S.

Census Bureau and are based on the 2000 census counts by age,

race, and sex, modified to be consistent with U.S. Office of

Management and Budget racial categories as of 1977 and historical

categories for death data (6). The modified procedures are described

in detail elsewhere (8). Life tables previously published in annual

reports of final data for 1991 to 1999 were based on postcensal

population estimates derived from the 1990 census. The 1991–1999

life tables will be reestimated using 2000 census-based intercensal

population estimates.

Medicare data—Death rates at the oldest ages based on Medicare

data are considered to be more accurate than those based on vital

statistics and census data. As a result, Medicare data are employed

to supplement vital statistics data in the estimation of qx for ages 66

and over. The prevalence of age misreporting at the oldest ages in

census data has been found to be significant enough to produce

underestimated death rates, especially for the African-American population (17). On the other hand, Medicare data are judged to be superior

because beneficiaries must prove their date of birth in order to enroll

and coverage is extensive (20). Approximately 98 percent of the

American population aged 65 and over is enrolled in Medicare Part A,

and 96 percent of this is enrolled in Part B. Further, 99 percent of deaths

of those aged 65 and over in the United States are accounted for in

the Medicare program (21).

Compared with data from other sources, Medicare data are negatively affected by greater numbers of people in the oldest age groups.

For instance, the number of people aged 90 and over is greater in

Medicare data than in census data (21). This is the result of ‘‘phantom

records’’ that arise due to some beneficiaries being registered more

than once or because a person’s death was not reported (20). To

address this problem, the Medicare data used are restricted to the

records of Medicare beneficiaries who are also eligible for Social

Security or Railroad Retirement income benefits. This eliminates

approximately 3 percent of records from the full Medicare file (20).

To estimate the probability of death for the Medicare population

for 2006, age-specific number of deaths and population counts by sex

and race for the population aged 66 and over from the 2006 Medicare

file were used. This file is created by the Centers for Medicare &

Medicaid (CMS) for the Social Security Administration, which, under a

special agreement, shares the file with NCHS.

Vital statistics data—Death counts used for computing the life

tables presented in this report are final number of deaths for 2006

collected from death certificates filed in state vital statistics offices and

reported to NCHS as part of the National Vital Statistics System. An

adjustment must be made to account for the small proportion of deaths

each year for which age is not reported. The number of deaths in each

age category is adjusted proportionally to account for those with

not-stated ages. The following factor is used to make the adjustment.

This factor (F) is calculated for each race-sex group for which life tables

are constructed.

[1]

where D is the total number of deaths and Da is the total number of

deaths for which age is stated. F is then applied by multiplying it

times the number of deaths in each age group. Table I shows values

for F by race and sex used to adjust mortality data for 2006.

Calculation of the probability of dying (qx)

Calculation of the complete life table is derived from the

probability of death (qx), which depends on the number of deaths (Dx)

and the midyear population (Px) for each single year of age (x)

observed during the calendar year of interest.

Interpolation of Px and Dx—Anomalies, both random and those

associated with reporting age at death, can be problematic when using

vital statistics and census data by single years of age to estimate the

probability of death (2). Graduation techniques are often used to

eliminate these anomalies and to derive a smooth curve by age. Beer’s

ordinary minimized fifth difference formula is used to obtain smoothed

values of Px and Dx (see reference 2 for details on the application of

Beer’s method).

Calculation of q0—Calculated by using a birth cohort method

employing a separation factor (f) defined as the proportion of infant

deaths in year t occurring to infants born in the previous year (t – 1).

The value, f can be calculated by categorizing infant deaths by date

of birth. The probability of death in the first year is calculated as

[2]

where D0 is the number of infant deaths adjusted for not-reported

age, and Bt and Bt–1 are the numbers of births in years t and t – 1,

respectively. Table II shows separation factors and numbers of births

by race and sex for 2005–2006.

Calculation of qx for ages 1–100—Calculated assuming that l

x

(number of survivors at exact age x in the life table population) declines

linearly between x and x + 1 (i.e., that deaths between exact age x and

x + 1 occur on average at age x + 1⁄2). This simplification is generally

D

F = ,

Da

D0 (1−f) D0 (f)

q0 = + ,

Bt Bt−1

Table I. Values for F used to adjust for not-stated age

based on 2006 mortality data

Total deaths

Total for which age

Race and sex deaths was not stated F

Total................. 2,426,264 220 1.00009068

Male ............... 1,201,942 171 1.00014229

Female. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,224,322 49 1.00004002

White ................ 2,077,549 179 1.00008617

Male ............... 1,022,328 142 1.00013892

Female. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,055,221 37 1.00003506

Black ................ 289,971 32 1.00011037

Male ............... 148,602 22 1.00014807

Female. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141,369 10 1.00007074
National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 21, June 28, 2010 37

considered acceptable when age intervals are 1 year in length (4).

Under this assumption, l

x = Lx + 1⁄2dx, where Lx is the average life table

population at risk of dying between ages x and x + 1 and dx is the

number of deaths occurring between age x and x + 1. The value, qx,

is then

d d x x . qx = = l

x L + 1

2 d x x

One can make the same assumption for the observed population,

(i.e., that the observed population aged x at risk of dying at the

beginning of the year (Nx) declines linearly between ages x and

x + 1). Under this assumption, Nx = Px + 1⁄2Dx, where Px is the

midyear population or average observed population at risk of dying

between ages x and x + 1 and Dx is the observed number of deaths

occurring between ages x and x + 1. The value, qx, is calculated as

D D , qx = x = x

N [3] x + 1 P D x 2 x

where Dx is the observed number of deaths adjusted for not-stated

age and Px is the observed population at risk of dying between ages

x and x + 1.

Use of Medicare data at ages 66 to 100—For ages 66–94, the

probability of dying was obtained by blending vital statistics (qx

V) with

Medicare (qx

M) through a weighting process that gives gradually

declining weight to vital statistics data and gradually increasing weight

to Medicare data. For ages 95 to 100, Medicare (qx

M) is used exclusively. For ages 66–100, qx is then estimated as

qx = 1

[(95 – x) qx

v + (x – 65)qxM], when x = 66,...,94 30

and

[4] qx = qM

x , when x = 95,...,100,

calculated with formula 3, and qx

M is the probability of dying based on

Medicare data [see Figures I and II for a comparison of Medicare

(qx

M) and vital statistics (qxV

) for white and black males and females in

2006].

Smoothing combined probabilities of death (qx) at ages 66–100—

The third component of the Heligman-Pollard model is used to smooth

where q is a combination of q V and qM, q V

x x x x is the probability of dying

the probabilities of death at ages 66–100. The Heligman-Pollard model

Table II. Births in 2005 and 2006, deaths in 2006 of infants born in 2005 and 2006, and separation factors by race and

sex: United States

Total White Black

Both Both Both

sexes Male Female sexes Male Female sexes Male Female

Births

2005 ................. .... 4,138,349 2,118,982 2,019,367 3,229,294 1,655,812 1,573,482 633,134 321,259 311,875

2006 ................. .... 4,265,555 2,184,237 2,081,318 3,310,308 1,695,870 1,614,438 666,481 339,838 326,643

Deaths in 2006 of infants born in

2005 ................. .... 3,422 1,926 1,496 2,230 1,256 974 1,026 573 453

2006 ................. .... 25,105 14,054 11,051 16,173 9,089 7,084 7,832 4,313 3,519

Separation factor (f)

0.120 0.121 0.119 0.121 0.121 0.121 0.116 0.117 0.114

0.40 

0.35 

White male, Medicare 

White male, NVSS 

White female, Medicare 

0.30 White female, NVSS

Probability of dying (q ) x 0.25

0.20

0.15

0.10 

0.05 

0.00 

60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 

Age in years 

SOURCES: CDC/NCHS, National Vital Statistics System and Centers for Medicare & 

Medicaid Services, Medicare data. 

Figure I. Probability of dying (qx) for the white

population aged 60–115: United States, 2006

SOURCES: CDC/NCHS, National Vital Statistics System and Centers for Medicare & 

Medicaid Services, Medicare data. 

0.00 

0.05 

0.10 

0.15 

0.20 

0.25 

0.30 

Age in years 

Black male, Medicare 

Black male, NVSS 

Black female, Medicare 

Black female, NVSS 

60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 

Probability of dying (qx) 

Figure II. Probability of dying (qx) for the black

population aged 60–115: United States, 2006
38 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 21, June 28, 2010

is a nonlinear model consisting of three components and eight

parameters:

qx / 1 – qx = A(x + B)

C

+ D exp[ – E (logx – logF)

2

] + GHx, where, in the

first component, parameter A measures mortality in the first year of life,

parameter B measures the rate of change in mortality from birth to the

first year of life, and parameter C measures the rate of mortality decline

in childhood. The second component of the model describes mortality

from ages 10 through 40, where an ‘‘accident hump’’ appears, and

parameters D, E, and F measure the location, width, and height of the

‘‘accident hump.’’ Parameters G and H in the third component of the

model measure mortality levels and changes for ages approximately

40 years and over (22,23).

Using STATA’s nonlinear weighted least squares procedure, with

weights defined as w = 1/q2 , q was fitted with the third component x x x

of the Heligman-Pollard model for ages 65–100 years, where qx

V was

used for age 65 and qx as defined in equation 4 above was used for

ages 66–100. The inclusion of qx

V for age 65 was the first step taken

to ensure a smooth transition between vital qx

V and predicted qx (defined

below). The model was estimated as

[5]

where the two fitted parameters G and H are used to smooth qx for

ages 66–100 and extrapolate qx for ages 101–130 years. Although

the probabilities of death qx

M estimated from Medicare data range

from age 66 to approximately 115, qx was extrapolated to age 130 in

order to estimate the life table population until no survivors remain.

This information is then used to estimate Lx for ages 100–130, which

is used to close the table with the age category 100 and over,

combined (discussed below). Predicted qˆ

x was then estimated as

[6]

where Gˆ and Hˆ are the predicted parameters given by fitting model 5.

Predicted parameters for 2006 are presented in Table III.

A second step taken to ensure a smooth transition from vital qx

V

and predicted qˆ

x was to blend predicted qˆx and vital qx

V from ages 66–74

with a graduating process:

[7]

Finally, to close the table at age 100 and over (combined), ∞q100

is set equal to 1.0 because all survivors to this age will die at some

point in the open-ended age interval. Once qx is obtained for each

single year of age, the other life table functions may be easily

calculated.

qx = GHx

, 1 – qx

ˆ x Gˆ H

qˆ = , x 1 + Gˆ Hˆ x

1

qx = [(75 – x) qv

x + (x – 65)qˆ

x ], when x = 66,...,74. 10

Calculation of remaining life table functions

Survivor function (lx)—The life table radix, l

0, is set at 100,000.

For ages greater than 0, the number of survivors remaining at exact

age x is calculated as

[8] l

x = lx – 1(1 – qx – 1).

Decrement function (dx)—The number of deaths occurring between

age x and x + 1 is calculated from the survivor function:

dx = l

x – lx + 1 = lxqx . [9]

Note that ∞d100 = ∞l

100 since ∞q100 = 1.0.

Person-years lived (Lx)—Calculated for ages 1 to 99 assuming

that the survivor function declines linearly between age x and x + 1.

This gives the formula

[10]

For x = 0, the separation factor f is used to calculate L0:

[11] L0 = f l0 + (1 – f) l

1.

Finally, ∞L100 is estimated as the sum of the extrapolated Lx values

for ages 100 to 130.

Person-years lived at and above age x (Tx)—Calculated by summing Lx values at and above age x:

∞ 

T = ∑ L . x x

x = 0 [12]

Life expectancy at age x (ex)—Calculated as

Tx ex = l

x

. [13]

Lx 2

1 + l

x + 1) = lx 2

1 = (l

x – dx .

Abridging the complete life table

An abridged or collapsed version of the complete life table can

be easily calculated in which life table functions are shown for 5-year

rather than single-year age intervals. It is often desirable to

summarize the life table and save space when publishing life table

data by single age years. The abridgement of the complete life table

is simplified by an important property of three of the six life table

functions. The l

x, Tx, and ex functions describe exact age x, that is,

the beginning of the age interval x to x + n (n denotes the length of

Table III. Estimated parameters G and H used for predicting qx for ages 66–130: U.S. life tables, 2006

Population

Total Male Female White

White

male

White

female Black

Black

male

Black

female

G

H

..................

..................

0.0000141

1.1101

0.0000205

1.1077

0.0000072

1.1173

0.0000121

1.1122

0.0000168

1.1103

0.0000062

1.1193

0.0000923

1.0862

0.0001892

1.0797

0.0000416

1.0948
National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 21, June 28, 2010 39

the age interval for 5-year age intervals n = 5). Life expectancy at age

20 (e20), for example, has the same value regardless of whether the

age interval is 20–21 or 20–25. Thus, the values l

x, Tx, and ex can be

extracted at 5-year intervals from the complete life table and placed

into the abridged life table (compare l

x, Tx, and ex in Table IV with the

same functions in Table 1). It is also illustrative to compare values for

ex and l

x in Tables A and B with their corresponding values presented

in Tables 1–9. The qx, dx, and Lx functions, in contrast, describe the

age interval x to x + n. In fact, for abridged life tables, the notation for

these functions is different ( q , d , L ). Thus, 5q20 is the probability n x n x n x

of dying between ages 20 and 25 and will obviously be somewhat

larger than q20, the probability of dying between ages 20 and 21.

Taking this into account, nqx, ndx, and nLx must be recalculated in the

abridged life table. It is simplest to begin with ndx. The calculations

are made for all but the final age interval as

ndx = lx – lx+n

ndx nqx =

nlx

L = T – T . n x x x + n

Note that for the open-ended interval, ages 100 and over,

∞d100 = l100, ∞ q100 = 1.0, and ∞L100 = T100. Table IV shows each of

the life table functions for the 2006 U.S. total population abridged

from Table 1.

Table IV. Life table for the total population: United States, 2006

Total

Probability Number Person-years number of

of dying Number dying lived person-years Expectation

between surviving to between between lived above of life

ages x to x+n age x ages x to x+n ages x to x+n age x at age x

Age n qx l

x ndx nLx Tx ex

0–1 ..................... 0.006713 100,000 671 99,409 7,770,850 77.7

1–4 ..................... 0.001138 99,329 113 397,045 7,671,441 77.2

5–9 ..................... 0.000694 99,216 69 495,891 7,274,396 73.3

10–14 .................... 0.000822 99,147 81 495,587 6,778,505 68.4

15–19 .................... 0.003214 99,065 318 494,627 6,282,918 63.4

20–24 .................... 0.004998 98,747 494 492,532 5,788,291 58.6

25–29 .................... 0.005033 98,253 495 490,029 5,295,759 53.9

30–34 .................... 0.005583 97,759 546 487,470 4,805,730 49.2

35–39 .................... 0.007389 97,213 718 484,380 4,318,260 44.4

40–44 .................... 0.011381 96,495 1,098 479,916 3,833,880 39.7

45–49 .................... 0.017264 95,397 1,647 473,118 3,353,964 35.2

50–54 .................... 0.025576 93,750 2,398 463,087 2,880,846 30.7

55–59 .................... 0.036064 91,352 3,295 448,955 2,417,759 26.5

60–64 .................... 0.054578 88,057 4,806 428,979 1,968,804 22.4

65–69 .................... 0.079166 83,251 6,591 400,600 1,539,825 18.5

70–74 .................... 0.121699 76,661 9,330 361,363 1,139,225 14.9

75–79 .................... 0.195009 67,331 13,130 305,372 777,862 11.6

80–84 .................... 0.302509 54,201 16,396 230,960 472,489 8.7

85–89 .................... 0.447212 37,805 16,907 146,101 241,530 6.4

90–94 .................... 0.617641 20,898 12,907 69,775 95,429 4.6

95–99 .................... 0.782678 7,991 6,254 21,745 25,654 3.2

100 and over ................ 1.000000 1,737 1,737 3,909 3,909 2.3
40 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 58, No. 21, June 28, 2010

Contents

Abstract ...................................... 1
 

Introduction.................................... 1
 

Data and Methods ............................... 1
 

Explanation of the columns of the life table.............. 3
 

Results ....................................... 3
 

Life expectancy in the United States .................. 3
 

Survivorship in the United States .................... 4
 

References..................................... 5
 

List of Detailed Tables ............................. 6
 

Technical Notes................................. 35
 

Acknowledgments

This report was prepared under the general direction of Charles J. Rothwell,

Director, Division of Vital Statistics, and Robert N. Anderson, Chief, Mortality

Statistics Branch. Content review was provided by Vanetta Harrington,

CDC/NIOSH/DSHEFS. This report was edited by Betsy M. Finley and

Demarius V. Miller, CDC/NCHM/Division of Creative Services, Writer-Editor

Services Branch, and typeset by Jacqueline M. Davis, CDC/OSELS/NCHS/

OD/Office of Information Services, Information Design and Publishing Staff;

graphics were produced by Travis Torina, CDC/OSELS/NCHS/OD/Office of

Information Services, Information Design and Publishing Staff, NOVA

contractor.

Suggested citation

Arias E. United States life tables, 2006. National vital statistics reports; vol

58 no 21. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2010.

Copyright information

All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be

reproduced or copied without permission; citation as to source, however,

is appreciated.

National Center for Health Statistics

Edward J. Sondik, Ph.D., Director
 

Jennifer H. Madans, Ph.D., Associate Director for Science
 

Division of Vital Statistics

Charles J. Rothwell, M.S., Director

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