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Radionuclides in Transport in the 

Columbia River From 

Pasco to Vancouver, 

Washington

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 433-N

Prepared in cooperation with the 

U.S. Atomic Energy Commission

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Radionuclides in Transport in the 

Columbia River From 

Pasco to Vancouver, 

Washington

By W. L. HAUSHILD, H. H. STEVENS, JR., J. L. NELSON and 

G. R. DEMPSTER, JR.

TRANSPORT OF RADIONUCLIDES BY STREAMS 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 433-N

Prepared in cooperation with the 

U.S. Atomic Energy Commission

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1973
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

ROGERS C. B. MORTON, Secretary

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

V. E. McKelvey, Director

Library of Congress catalog-card No. 73-600055

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office

Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 75c domestic postpaid or 50c GPO Bookstore

Stock Number 2401-00298
CONTENTS

Page

Abstract ........................................................................................................................................ Nl

Introduction.................................................................................................................................. 1

Acknowledgments........................................................................................................................ 2

The river system.......................................................................................................................... 3

Water and sediment discharges ................................................................................................ 3

Sources of radionuclides ............................................................................................................ 9

Sampling ...................................................................................................................................... 10

Concentrations and discharges of radionuclides .................................................................... 10

Influence of parent materials ............................................................................................ 10

Specific activities of zinc-65 and chromium-51

at Vancouver, Wash .................................................................................................... 12

Analysis of continuous time series.................................................................................... 16

Temporal variation ............................................................................................................ 16

Classification of radionuclides .................................................................................. 16

Seasonal variation ...................................................................................................... 17

Residual oscillations .................................................................................................. 18

Trend ............................................................................................................................ 18

Total discharges.................................................................................................................. 19

Disposition of radionuclide discharges measured at Pasco................................................... 20

Summary and conclusions ........................................................................................................ 22

References cited .......................................................................................................................... 24

Basic data .................................................................................................................................... 27

ILLUSTRATIONS

Page

FIGURE 1. Map of Columbia River study area ................................................................................................................................. N4

2-4. Hydrographs of Columbia River stations:

2. Mean weekly water discharges ........................................................................................................................... 6

3. Mean weekly sand and total sediment discharges............................................................................................ 7

4. Mean weekly suspended-sediment concentrations .......................................................................................... 8

5. Graphs of seasonal variations in normalized monthly concentrations of selected radionuclides and in

normalized monthly concentrations of dissolved materials at selected Columbia River stations .................... 11

6. Hydrographs of monthly water discharge for selected stations on the Columbia River and its tributaries........ 13

7-8. Graphs of variation of specific activities with suspended-sediment concentration at Vancouver, Wash:

7. Chromium-51 ......................................................................................................................................................... 14

8. Zinc-65 ................................................................ 15

9-10. Graphs of seasonal-variation patterns of water discharge and the discharge and (or) concenstrations of:

9. Suspended sediment and selected class-1, 2, and 4 radionuclides at Pasco, Wash .................................... 16

10. Suspended sediment and selected class-3 and 5 radionuclides at Vancouver, Wash ................................ 17

11. Graphs of residual oscillations for the 1965 water year of water discharges and of the discharges of

selected class-1 to 5 radionuclides for the Columbia River at Pasco and Vancouver, Wash .......................... 18

12. Graph of the residual discharges of dissolved chromium-51 for the Columbia River at Vancouver, Wash........ 19

13. Graphs showing the relations between the water discharge in the Columbia River and the transport,

decay, and storage of radionuclides in the Pasco-Vancouver reach.................................................................... 21

TABLES

Page

TABLE 1. Concentrations of solute (dissolved) and particulate radionuclides in composited water samples from the 

Columbia River.............................................................._

2. Classification of dissolved and particulate radionuclides according to seasonal-variation patterns in

their concentrations and discharges at Columbia River stations........................................................................ 16

in
IV CONTENTS

Page

TABLES 3-15. Quantity and composition of monthly discharges for Columbia River stations:

3. Chromium-51 ................................................................ 38

4. Zinc-65 ............................................................^ 38

5. Scandium-46 ........................................................................................................................................................... 38

6. Antimony-124 .......................................................................................................................................................... 38

7. Cobalt-58 .................................................................._ 39

8. Cobalt-60 ....................................................._................. 39

9. Iron-59 .........................................................._ 39

10. Manganese-54...................................................-.--......-.^^ 39

11. Barium-140 ............................................................................................................................................................ 40

12. Zirconium-95-niobium-95........................._................... ....... ............................ ......................................... 40

13. Ruthenium-106...................................................................................................................................................... 40

14. Cesium-137 ............................................................................................................................................................ 40

15. Phosphorus-32 ...................................................................................................................................................... 41

16. Ratios of discharges of dissolved radionuclides to total discharges of radionuclides at Columbia River

stations based on data for the period May 1965 through June 1966 .................................................................... 41

17. Decay losses of selected radionuclides during periods of 7,14, and 30 days ............................................................ 22

18. Concentrations of dissolved and particulate radionuclides in water samples from the Columbia River.............. 42
TRANSPORT OF RADIONUCLIDES BY STREAMS

RADIONUCLIDES IN TRANSPORT IN THE COLUMBIA RIVER 

FROM PASCO TO VANCOUVER, WASHINGTON

By W. L. HAUSHILD, H. H. STEVENS, JR., J. L. NELSON, 

and G. R. DEMPSTER, JR.

ABSTRACT

The radionuclide discharges in the cooling-water effluent of 

the reactors on the U.S. Atomic Energy Reservation at Hanford, Wash., were formed by neutron activation of: (1) impurities in the Columbia River water used to cool the reactors, (2) 

corrosion products from the reactor components, and (3) chemicals used in the water-treatment process. Until all the eight 

reactors that were cooled by once-through flow were shut down, 

their cooling-water effluents were the main source of dissolved 

and particulate radionuclides in the Columbia River. Concentrations and discharges of 13 dissolved and particulate radionuclides were observed at Pasco and Vancouver, Wash., for all 

or parts of the period from January 1964 to September 1966, 

and at Umatilla, Oreg., from May 1965 to September 1966.

A time-series analysis of concentrations and discharges of 

eight of the 13 particulate and dissolved radionuclides at Pasco 

and Vancouver showed a progressive decrease in the concentrations and discharges of many radionuclides during the study 

period. The decrease was mainly attributable to a decrease in 

the number of operating reactors. Concentrations and discharges of the radionuclides varied seasonally in separate patterns that were used to categorize the particulate and dissolved 

radionuclides into five classes. Concentrations of radionuclides 

in classes 1, 2, and 4 varied seasonally in accord with seasonal 

variations in dissolved parent materials in the river water used 

to cool the reactors. The seasonal variations of concentrations 

of class-3 radionuclides exhibited characteristics of dilution by 

the river discharge of a source with constant strength. Concentrations of class-5 radionuclides varied seasonally in close 

accord with the seasonal variation in water discharge at Vancouver, Wash.; this evidence indicates that, after transport far 

enough downstream, the variability in concentrations of many 

radionuclides in the Columbia River tended to lose dependency 

on its variability at the source and became dependent upon the 

variability in the water discharge. Specific activities of zinc-65 

and chromium-51 at Vancouver varied inversely with concentration of suspended sediment.

Seasonal variations in the discharges of dissolved and particulate radionuclides depended on seasonal variations in their 

concentrations and the seasonal variation in the water discharge. For the generally anionic chromium-51 and the anionic 

and uncharged antimony-124, the ratio of dissolved-radionuclide discharge to the total discharge averaged 93 and 96 

percent, respectively, at the river stations, and varied little in 

time at a river station or among the river stations. The average

percentages dissolved for the generally cationic cobalt-58, 

cobalt-60, zinc-65, manganese-54, scandium-46, and iron-59 

were generally much lower than that for the anionic radionuclides and depended on the radionuclide. The percentages 

dissolved for the cationic radionuclides generally varied greatly 

in time at a station and among the stations.

The hydrodynamic and sedimentation characteristics of the 

Columbia River and the chemical characteristics of the radionuclides were found to be important factors affecting the disposition of the radionuclides discharged at Pasco in the PascoVancouver reach.

INTRODUCTION

Starting in 1944, the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission operated nuclear reactors at their Hanford Reservation near Richland, Wash. Water from the Columbia 

River was used to cool the reactors and was returned to 

the river through partly controlled releases. The last of 

eight reactors that were cooled by once-through flow 

shut down early in 1971; there are no plans to restart 

any of these eight reactors. A ninth reactor, which has 

a recirculating cooling system and, therefore, contributes very little radioactive material to the Columbia 

River, may be operated again. Because some of the 

dissolved and suspended materials in the cooling water 

were made radioactive when they were exposed to the 

neutron fluxes of the reactors, the cooling-water effluents introduced small quantities of radionuclides into 

the river. Once they entered the river, the radionuclides 

were dispersed in solution in the water, were fixed to 

organic and inorganic sediments, or were assimilated by 

aquatic biota. The water, sediment, and biota subsequently transported the radionuclides downstream or 

stored the radionuclides in place for variable periods of 

time. As a result, any investigation of the disposition of 

the radionuclides in the river system necessarily 

involved studies of their storage in the streambed sediments, their transport^ and their decay during residence 

in the river.

Nl
N2 TRANSPORT OF RADIONUCLIDES BY STREAMS

In 1962, the U.S. Geological Survey and the General 

Electric Co. 1 , each in cooperation with the U.S. Atomic 

Energy Commission, initiated an investigation of the 

disposition of radioactivity in the 310-mile reach of the 

Columbia River between the reactors on the Hanford 

Reservation and the head of the river's estuary (Longview, Wash.). The purposes of the investigations were 

to: (1) quantify the transport and storage of radionuclides within the river system, (2) determine the 

effects of the hydrodynamic and sedimentation characteristics of the river system on the transport and storage of radionuclides, (3) furnish specific information 

and data on the disposition of radionuclides in the river 

for use in related studies of radionuclides in the Columbia River estuary and adjacent ocean, and (4) provide 

generalized information and relations that might be 

useful in evaluating the disposition of radionuclides in 

other rivers.

The Geological Survey determined radionuclide, 

water, and sediment discharges; defined physical, 

chemical, and mineralogical properties of sediments; 

conducted reconnaissance surveys to determine the 

spatial distribution of radionuclides in deposited sediment; and characterized waterflow and sediment movement. General Electric and, later, Battelle Northwest 

provided detailed laboratory analysis of the radionuclide content of water and sediment samples, conducted laboratory research on radionuclide-sediment 

interactions, and aided in a survey of radionuclides 

in streambed sediments between the reactors and 

McNary Dam. The staffs of the organizations cooperated closely to cordinate the technical program of the 

investigations.

As an outgrowth of their continuing research of analytical methods, on January 1, 1964, General Electric 

altered the laboratory procedures and began analyzing 

water and suspended-sediment samples with a newly 

developed multidimensional counting system (Perkins, 

1965) in place of the high-resolution, anticoincidence 

counting system that was originally used (Perkins and 

others, 1960). Application of the new equipment and 

techniques permitted the concentrations of additional 

radionuclides to be measured and improved the accuracy of the overall analysis.

Because of the improvement in analytical procedures, 

some of the relations based on radionuclide content that 

are defined by data obtained after January 1,1964, do 

not coincide exactly with similar relations for data collected before that date. To avoid minor discrepancies, 

data that were obtained from July 1962 through September 1963 and that have already been presented and

1 After the spring of 1965, Battelle Northwest, Pacific Northwest Laboratory (a division of Battelle Memorial Institute), assumed the responsibilities 

for the part of the investigation that had been assigned to General Electric Co.

treated in an earlier report (Haushild and others, 1966) 

are not considered here; however, unpublished basic 

data from October 1963 through December 1963 at 

Pasco and Vancouver, Wash., and from October 1963 

through September 1964 at Hood River, Oreg., are 

given in table 18.

Results of the investigation considered in this report 

are based on concentrations and discharges of radionuclides in the Columbia River observed at Pasco, 

Wash., Umatilla, Oreg., and Vancouver, Wash., during 

the period January 1964 through September 1966 

which is designated as the study period in this report. 

Data for eight radionuclides were obtained for the 

entire period and were used in the interpretation and 

analysis of radionuclide concentrations and discharges. 

The eight radionuclides were chromium-Si, zinc-65, 

scandium-46, iron-59, manganese-54, antimony-124, 

cobalt-58, and cobalt-60. Some data are also reported 

for phosphorus-32, barium-140, zirconium-95-niobium95, ruthenium-106, and cesium-137; however, analyses 

of these data are not part of this report because the 

radionuclides either are principally from "fallout" or 

their concentrations were observed during only part of 

the record period. Two other reports (Perkins and 

others, 1966; Nelson, Perkins, Nielsen, and Haushild, 

1966) present information that pertains to parts of this 

same body of data and to aspects of the investigation 

not included in this report.

Specifically, this report presents information on the 

spatial and temporal variations in concentrations and 

discharges of radionuclides in the Columbia River, The 

variations, in turn, are related to the hydrodynamic 

and sedimentation characteristics of the Columbia 

River, the physical-chemical properties of the radionuclides, and the variations in concentrations of parent 

materials in the cooling-water effluent. Also, a classification of particulate and dissolved radionuclides, which 

is based on the seasonal variations in concentrations 

and discharges of these radionuclides, is presented. 

Finally, principles of continuity and conservation-ofmass are applied to facilitate a discussion of the disposition of the radionuclides in the reach between Pasco 

and Vancouver, Wash.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The interest and counsel of Walter G. Belter, chief; 

and Harold Bernard and I. Craig Roberts, staff engineers, Environmental and Sanitary Engineering 

Branch, Division of Reactor Development and Technology, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, were beneficial in establishing goals and providing direction for 

the study.

Dr. Julian M. Nielsen, director, and staff members 

of the Radiological Sciences Department, Battelle
RADIONUCLIDES IN TRANSPORT, COLUMBIA RIVER, WASHINGTON N3

Northwest, Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Hanford, 

Wash., helped design field investigational procedures to 

maximize benefits and efficiency of sampling programs 

while not overtaxing capabilities of the radiochemical 

laboratory to analyze the samples. Dr. Nielsen and his 

staff are to be complimented for improving techniques 

and methods of determining the concentrations of specific radionuclides and for maintaining high quality 

control on the analysis of samples.

The supervision, guidance, and assistance provided 

by L. B. Laird, G. L. Bodhaine, P. C. Benedict, Alfred 

Clebsch, Jr., and Robert Schneider, U.S. Geological 

Survey, were invaluable. Especially appreciated is the 

assistance of the many other Geological Survey personnel who aided in some phase of the project; D. W. 

Hubbell and J. L. Glenn specifically provided constructive criticism of project plans, invaluable technical 

advice, and review of reports throughout the study.

THE RIVER SYSTEM

The Columbia River flows some 1,230 miles from 

Columbia Lake, British Columbia, elevation 2,654 feet, 

to the Pacific Ocean. In its upper part, the river flows 

through British Columbia and eastern Washington, and 

in its lower part, it forms the boundary between Washington and Oregon.

The Columbia River above Pasco drains rugged 

mountainous-to-hilly terrains, the northern Cascade 

Range and northern Rocky Mountains (Fenneman, 

1931), and the lower-lying Columbia Plateau (fig. 1). 

River miles shown in figure 1 are based on those compiled by the Hydrology Subcommittee, Columbia Basin 

Inter-Agency Committee (1962,1965). The mountainous-to-hilly terrains are underlain by granitic, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks (Huntting and others, 

1961; Ross and Forrester, 1947); the plateau is underlain by volcanic rocks. The Snake River, which enters 

the Columbia River below Pasco (fig. 1), also drains 

plateau and hilly-to-mountainous terrains underlain by 

rock types similar to those in the Columbia River basin 

above Pasco. From about the mouth of the Snake River 

to near the mouth of the Sandy River, the Columbia 

River and its tributaries drain chiefly continental volcanic rocks (Huntting and others, 1961; Wells, 1961). 

From the Sandy River to the mouth of the Columbia 

River near Astoria, Oreg., the drainage is from marine 

sedimentary rocks and intercalated submarine flows 

(Wells, 1961).

The Cascade Range divides the Columbia River 

basin into two climatologically dissimilar regions (Highsmith, 1957). East of the mountains, the climate is 

semiarid and either modified continental or comparatively continental; west of the mountains, the climate 

is mild and is semimarine in the protected western lowlands to marine at the mouth of the Columbia River 

and along the Pacific Coast. The annual precipitation 

in the Columbia River basin ranges from more than 100 

inches at higher altitudes in the Cascade and Coast 

Ranges (fig. 1) to less than 10 inches on the plateaus. 

West of the Cascade Range, especially in protected 

western lowlands such as the Willamette Valley, precipitation is distributed seasonally with cool, wet 

winters and warm, dry summers; east of the range, the 

sparse precipitation falls about equally during the cold 

winters and hot summers (Highsmith, 1957).

The downstream order of major tributaries of the 

Columbia River along the study reach are the Snake, 

Umatilla, John Day, Deschutes, Klickitat, Sandy, Willamette, Lewis, Kalama, and Cowlitz Rivers (fig. 1). 

The Snake and Willamette Rivers are by far the major 

contributors of water and sediment to the Columbia 

River; other contributors, in approximate order of 

importance, are the Deschutes, John Day, Umatilla, 

Klickitat, and Sandy Rivers between Pasco and Vancouver, and the Cowlitz, Lewis, and Kalama Rivers 

downstream from Vancouver.

The flow in the Columbia River and its major tributaries is controlled and regulated by dams. The water 

discharge and sediment movement in these rivers are 

affected by the storage and controlled release of water 

from reservoirs for power production, flood control, 

irrigation, water-temperature control, channel maintenance, and indirectly, at least, the dilution of wastes. 

Figure 1 shows the location of dams within the study 

reach. The construction of the John Day Dam on the 

Columbia River was completed in 1967 and had only a 

local and minor effect on flow during the data-collection 

period. Below Bonneville Dam, tides affect the flows in 

the Columbia River and in the lower reaches of its 

tributaries.

Santos (1965) reported that the water of the Columbia River is a calcium magnesium bicarbonate type and 

that the dissolved-solids content ranges from 84 to 128 

mg/1 (milligrams per liter) at McNary Dam, and from 

72 to 163 mg/1 at The Dalles, Oreg. (1952-59 record). 

Data in Santos' report show that the average dissolvedsolids content of water in tributaries below The Dalles 

is generally less than one-half of the average content in 

Columbia River water at The Dalles.

Radionuclide, water, and sediment data were collected from stations at Pasco, Wash. (Pasco), Umatilla, 

Oreg. (Umatilla), and Vancouver, Wash. (Vancouver), 

on the Columbia River. The parenthesized names used 

in this report are for these locations.

WATER AND SEDIMENT DISCHARGES

Average annual water discharge for 88 years of record 

for the Columbia River at The Dalles, Oreg., was about
N4 TRANSPORT OF RADIONUCLIDES BY STREAMS

N

47°-

45°-

43°-

INDEX MAP OF PART OF THE COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN

'THE DALLES 

THE DALLES °AM

FIGURE l.-Columbia Eiver study area.
RADIONUCLIDES IN TRANSPORT, COLUMBIA RIVER, WASHINGTON N5

Mile

HANFORD 

RESERVATION

194,000 cfs (cubic feet per second); maximum discharge 

was 1,240,000 cfs in 1894, and the minimum observed 

discharge was 35,000 cfs in 1937. Present-day (1964- 

66) minimum daily water discharges are about 80,000 

cfs at The Dalles (U.S. Geol. Survey, 1964a, b; 1965a, 

b; 1966a, b). The hydrographs in figure 2 show that 

water discharges during the study period usually were 

low from September to April and generally were high 

from May to August (annual-flood period). The annual 

discharge maximum occurred in June. Runoff from 

rainfall and (or) snowmelt increased water discharges 

in some winters; daily discharges at The Dalles of 

364,000 cfs for December 25, 1964, and 314,000 cfs

20 MILES

for January 31, 1965, were near-record seasonal 

maximums.

Graphs in figures 3 and 4 show total sediment discharges and suspended-sediment concentrations that 

were observed during the study period at the Columbia 

River stations. The annual cycle of water and sediment 

discharges for the Columbia River is typical of regulated 

streams whose storage capacity in reservoirs is less than 

the annual runoff. The graphs show that suspendedsediment concentrations and total sediment discharges 

as well as water discharges were generally low and relatively constant from September to late April or early 

May, increased to maximums by mid-June, and
SECOND PER FEET CUBIC OF THOUSANDS IN DISCHARGE, WATER 

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F M A M J J A S O N 

1964

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1965 

FIGURE 3. Mean weekly sand discharges and total sediment discharges at Columbia River stations.
N8 TRANSPORT OF RADIONUCLIDES BY STREAMS

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RADIONUCLIDES IN TRANSPORT, COLUMBIA RIVER, WASHINGTON N9

decreased from June to August. Fall and winter storms 

caused high concentrations and discharges of sediment 

for periods that varied from a few days the usual 

period to several weeks; the periods of high concentrations and discharges of sediment during the floods of 

December 1964 and January-February 1965 were 

comparatively long. Maximums in concentrations and 

discharges of sediment at Vancouver were relatively 

low during most falls and winters; they were extraordinarily high only during the 1964-65 winter floods (fig. 

3). Suspended-sediment concentration was a good index 

of storm runoff because the storms usually caused an 

increase in concentration that was relatively more than 

the increase in water discharge. Storms caused increases 

in water discharge and (or) concentration and discharge of sediment each fall and winter at Vancouver 

but caused an increase only in concentration and discharge of sediment during one winter (1964-65) at 

Pasco.

The percentage of the sediment discharged at Pasco 

and Vancouver that was sand (particle size greater than 

0.062 millimeter) depended on water discharge and the 

season. Velocity and turbulence of the flows during low 

water discharges were ^insufficient to transport sand 

at Pasco and were sufficient to transport (on, or in near 

contact with, the streambed) only small quantities of 

sand at Vancouver. Data in figure 3 show that large 

quantities of sand were transported from April through 

August, the annual-flood period. Sand usually was less 

than 10 percent of the total sediment discharged during 

periods of runoff from fall and winter storms. Annual 

sand discharge generally was 25-35 percent of the 

annual total sediment discharge at the river stations.

The Snake River contributed most of the water 

inflow between Pasco and Vanncouver as is shown by 

the small differences between water discharges at Umatilla and Vancouver in figure 2. A large percentage of 

the sediment discharged during the annual-flood and 

winter-storm periods at Vancouver, however, originated 

downstream from Umatilla as is shown by the large differences between sediment discharges at Umatilla and 

Vancouver in figure 3. Sediment discharge for stations 

on some tributaries (U.S. Geol. Survey, 1964c, d; 

1965a, b; 1966a, b) and reasonable estimates of sediment discharges for other tributaries indicated that 

inflow from the tributaries downstream of the Umatilla 

station was the main source of sediment discharged at 

Vancouver during the winter-storm periods but was a 

minor source during the annual-flood periods. Therefore, a large percentage of the sediment discharged at 

Vancouver during the April-August periods must have 

originated from the bed, banks, and flood plain of the 

Columbia River below Umatilla.

SOURCES OF RADIONUCLIDES

The water withdrawn from the Columbia River was 

treated before it was used to cool the reactors. Treatment, which included alum flocculation, settling, and 

filtration, removed part of the dissolved and solid materials from the river water (Richman, 1960). Sodium 

dichromate was added to the treated water to inhibit 

corrosion. Radionuclides were formed by exposure of 

dissolved and particulate materials in the cooling water 

to the neutron flux of a reactor. The probability of those 

materials in the cooling water that were incorporated 

in a thin film on fuel-element and process-tube surfaces 

being made radioactive is especially high, because the 

thin film may have adhered to the surfaces for relatively 

long times. Besides the materials contained in the cooling water, corrosion products from the water system 

and fuel-element surfaces of a reactor and impurities on 

and in the fuel-element surfaces were made radioactive 

and contributed part of the radionuclides found in the 

cooling-water effluent.

The treated Columbia River water absorbed fissionliberated heat while flowing through the process tubes 

and over the fuel-element surfaces of a reactor. The 

heated water was discharged into storage basins where 

it was retained for about one-half hour before being 

released to the river. About 99 percent of the coolingwater effluent was discharged directly from the storage 

basins into the river. The small quantity of cooling 

water that either leaked from the system or was discharged into open trenches in the vicinity of the 

reactors may have percolated to the underlying ground 

water and thence to the river; many of the radioions in 

this cooling water probably became fixed to the soil 

and aquifer particles. A reactor discharges cooling 

water at an essentially constant rate during operating 

periods and discharges cooling water at about 10 percent of this constant rate during shutdown periods.

During 1963, testing and operating was started of a 

recirculating water-cooled reactor that has been used 

for generation of electric power. This plant was 

designed to not contribute radionuclides directly to the 

river in its cooling-water effluent; however, corrosion 

products contained in the recirculating cooling water 

in a primary loop may be made radioactive by this 

power reactor. Water bled from the primary loop was 

discharged into rock storage cribs. Some radioactivity 

may have reached the Columbia River when the water 

stored in these cribs percolated through the soil and was 

subsequently transported to the river as ground water.

The historical record of the number of active reactors 

at the Hanford Works is: two, 1944; three, 1945-48; 

four, 1949; five, 1950-51; six, 1952-54; eight, 1955-62; 

and nine, 1963-64. Operation of three reactors was
N10 TRANSPORT OF RADIONUCLIDES BY STREAMS

stopped during the study period one each in December 1964, April 1965, and June 1965. All reactors were 

shut down serially over a 3-day period centered about 

July 8, 1966, and were subsequently restarted over a 

3-day period centered about August 24,1966.

The cooling-water effluents from the reactors contained more than 100 radionuclides (Nielsen, 1963). 

Because of short half lives and (or) low concentrations, 

many of these radionuclides were barely detectable 

beyond short distances downstream from the reactors. 

Chromium-51 is the most abundant radionuclide in the 

river. The approximate order of abundance for the 

seven other radionuclides studied in this report is zinc65, scandium-46, iron-59,manganese-54,antimony-124, 

cobalt-58, and cobalt-60.

SAMPLING

Six-gallon samples of river water for radionuclide 

analysis were collected at biweekly intervals from 

January 1 to April 20, 1964, at Vancouver, and from 

January 1 to May 20, 1964, at Pasco. During the rest 

of the study period, 1-gallon samples obtained three 

times per week were composited biweekly into 6-gallon 

samples. This sampling frequency was temporarily 

increased (see data given in table 1) to define the 

variation in concentrations of radionuclides during and 

following the period in July and August 1966 when 

none of the reactors was operated.

To obtain the samples, weighted 1- or 6-gallon bottles 

were traversed vertically at rates such that water and 

suspended sediment were sampled as uniformly as possible throughout the total water depth. Samples were 

filtered, immediately after collection, through 0.30- 

micrometer filters to separate the particulate from the 

dissolved material. For this study, the 0.30 micrometersize particle is defined as the division between particulate and dissolved radionuclides. Formaldehyde and 

concentrated nitric acid were added to the radionuclide 

samples to lessen the sorption of radionuclides by the 

glass bottles and to stop or retard biological activity. 

Both the solute and the filtered particulates from the 

samples were analyzed for concentrations, in picocuries 

per liter of water, of specific radionuclides.

River water for analysis of suspended-sediment concentration was sampled concurrently with radionuclide 

samples and at other times, as needed, to define relatively rapid variations in suspended-sediment concentration (U.S. Inter-Agency Committee on Water 

Resources, 1963). Suspended-sediment samples were 

obtained with a U.S. P-61 sampler, which may be used 

to sample while it is held stationary at a point or while 

it is traversed vertically. Samples for analysis of 

particle-size distribution of suspended sediment occasionally were obtained. Methods that are based on the

fall rates of particles in distilled water were used to 

determine particle size of suspended sediment (U.S. 

Inter-Agency Committee on Water Resources, 1941, 

1943,1957a,b).

CONCENTRATIONS AND DISCHARGES

OF RADIONUCLIDES 

INFLUENCE OF PARENT MATERIALS

The concentrations and discharges of radionuclides 

in the Columbia River depend on the radionuclide 

quantities that were contained in the cooling-water 

effluents from the reactors. Just downstream from the 

reactors, the main factor affecting the concentrations of 

radionuclides was the dilution of the cooling-water 

effluents by the water in the river. The volume of the 

cooling-water effluents probably was nearly constant 

and was small compared to the water discharge of the 

river. Therefore, dilution effects may be computed from 

the known water discharges of the river. Assuming that 

decay and storage of transported radionuclides between 

the reactors and Pasco were negligible relative to the 

discharges of the radionuclides at Pasco, variations in 

radionuclide concentrations, which are adjusted for 

river discharge at Pasco, should reflect variations in 

radionuclide concentrations in the cooling-water effluents from the reactors. Normalized monthly concentrations (relative to their concentration for June) were 

used to show the observed and adjusted concentrations 

at Pasco of total (particulate plus dissolved) cobalt-60, 

zinc-65, and chromium-51 (fig. 5).

The observed normalized concentrations of chromium-51 at Pasco varied seasonally as though the 

reactors were discharging a nearly constant quantity of 

chromium-51 to the Columbia River. That is, concentrations were high and relatively constant during 

periods of low and relatively constant water discharges 

and were lowest during the period of highest water discharge (June). A nearly constant discharge of chromium-51 by the reactors is indicated by relatively small 

departures of the adjusted concentrations of chromium51 from their mean value. The small seasonal differences in adjusted concentration higher during April 

through July than during August through March 

may be attributable to greater losses of transported 

chromium-51 to storage in bed sediments between the 

reactors and Pasco during low water discharges. Seasonal differences in the decay of dissolved chromium-51 

during residence in the reactors-Pasco reach would be 

small as seasonal differences in travel time of water 

between the two locations are on the order of one-half 

day (Nelson, Perkins, and Haushild, 1966). The chromium-51 data then indicate a relatively constant operation of the reactors at uniform levels of plutonium 

production.
RADIONUCLIDES IN TRANSPORT, COLUMBIA RIVER, WASHINGTON Nil

c 

III

o o

ui

go

I 1 I I f

Total cobalt-60 at Pasco 

(Jan. 1964 to Sept. 1966)

I I 1 I 1 1 L I I

1 I I 1 I I I I

Total zinc-65 at Pasco 

(Jan. 1964 to Sept. 1966)

I I I I I I I

Total chromium-51 at Pi 

(Jan. 1964 to Sept 1966)

I__I 1 L 1 L

15

10

1 \ I I 1 1 T 

Dissolved materials above 

reactors (Jan.-Aug., 1962)

AdjuiWd

I___I I I I I I

M M S MAM N D

FIOUBB 5. Seasonal variations in normalized monthly concentrations of selected radionuclides in the Columbia River at Pasco, Wash., 

and variations in normalized monthly concentrations of dissolved materials in Columbia River just upstream from reactor area, 

Hanford Reservation, Wash. Adjusted curves show observed concentrations that were corrected for normalized monthly water 

discharges. Data for dissolved materials are based on monthly averages of data given by Silker, (1964, p. 541, table 1) for: A, 

arsenic, manganese, copper, and lanthanum; B, sodium and sulphur; and C, zinc and cobalt.
N12 TRANSPORT OF RADIONUCLIDES BY STREAMS

Constant operation of the reactors at uniform levels 

of production implies that the concentrations of radionuclides in the cooling-water effluents were proportional 

to the concentrations of parent materials in the treated 

cooling water. Although addition or partial removal of 

materials during treatment may have modified the concentrations of parent materials in the treated water 

from their concentrations in the untreated water, the 

seasonal-variation patterns in these concentrations 

probably were similar. Therefore, the adjusted concentrations of total cobalt-60 and total zinc-65 in figure 5 

show the distinctive differences in the probable patterns of seasonal variations in concentrations of parent 

cobalt and zinc in the treated (and untreated) water. 

These data indicate that concentrations of parent zinc 

were maximum during March through May and minimum during August through October. Concentrations 

of parent cobalt were highest in June and lowest in 

October.

Some data on actual concentrations of parent materials in the Columbia River are available. Richman 

(1960) reported mean and extreme concentrations of 

manganese and iron in Columbia River water from data 

collected over a period of 6-11 years. Silker (1964) 

presented data on concentrations of dissolved (particles 

<0.45 micrometer) materials in Columbia River water 

from samples collected a short distance upstream from 

the reactors at approximately 2-week intervals from 

January 5 to August 17, 1962. Silker classified the 

temporal variations in concentrations of the dissolved 

materials into the following three categories: (A) concentrations of zinc and cobalt closely followed the 

variation in Columbia River flow and attained maximums during high river discharges in June; (B) concentrations of sodium, uranium, sulphur, and phosphorus tended to decrease as Columbia River flow 

increased; and (C) concentrations of copper, manganese, arsenic, and lanthanum were maximum in April. 

He also found that concentrations of iron varied erratically, and concentrations of scandium consistently were 

low.

Monthly averages of Silker's data were normalized 

(relative to their concentration for June) and were 

adjusted for the respective normalized monthly discharges of water in 1962. These data (fig. 5) show the 

estimated patterns of variation in average normalized 

concentrations of radionuclides at river sections just 

below the reactors that would have resulted from the 

variations observed during 1962 in concentrations of 

parent materials in the river above the reactors. The 

estimated patterns for all three of Silker's categories 

are similar: concentrations are at high levels in January 

and February, peak in March or April, lowest in June, 

and increase slightly during July and August. Also,

these estimated patterns are very similar to the patterns observed in concentrations of total cobalt-60 and 

total zinc-65 at Pasco during January through August 

(fig. 5). Silker also stated that, characteristically, the 

seasonal fluctuations in the concentrations of many 

radionuclides in the cooling-water effluents increase in 

early spring (late March and April). Although Silker 

placed parent zinc and cobalt in the same category, the 

adjusted data in the upper two graphs of figure 5 indicate that the estimated concentrations of parent cobalt 

do peak in June (Silker's category A); whereas, the 

estimated concentrations of parent zinc peak in March 

and April (Silker's category C). Parent zinc may well 

be in category C instead of category A, for as Silker 

reported: "The changes of the concentration of zinc 

and the upper Columbia River flow rate were closely 

parallel. This is somewhat surprising***."

In the water of the Columbia River at tht reactors, 

parent materials originate in the upstream drainage 

basins. Silker (1964) attributed the variations in concentrations for his three categories of materials in the 

Columbia River just above the reactors to variations 

in runoff characteristics (both in pattern of temporal 

variation and in volume contributed to the Columbia 

River) of two major drainages above the Hanford Reservation. One drainage is the Pend Oreille and Spokane 

River basins and the other is the Columbia River basin 

in Canada and the Kootenai River basin. Silker related 

the seasonal changes in concentration of elements in 

his category C to the variability in water discharge of 

the Spokane River. Seasonal changes in concentrations 

of elements in his other two categories (A and B) were 

ascribed to the relative quantity of water that each of 

the two major drainages contributed to the total flow 

of the Columbia River at Grand Coulee Dam. The variations in water discharge at stations on the Columbia 

River and two main tributaries during water years 1964 

through 1966 are shown by the hydrographs in figure 6. 

Because of the year-to-year variability in water discharge at stations upstream from the reactors, concentrations of parent elements in the river and, consequently, concentrations of radionuclides may only have 

a generally similar pattern of seasonal variation from 

year to year. The actual maximum and minimum concentrations of radionuclides at Pasco did vary somewhat in magnitude and time of occurrence each year. 

However, the seasonal-variation patterns determined 

from observed concentrations for the 1964-66 period 

probably represent the general seasonal variations in 

concentrations of radionuclides at Pasco reasonably well.

SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES OF ZINC-65 AND 

CHROMIUM-51 AT VANCOUVER, WASH.

The specific activities (content of a particulate radionuclide in a unit weight of suspended sediment) of
RADIONUCLIDES IN TRANSPORT, COLUMBIA RIVER, WASHINGTON N13

100

80

60

40

20

I I I I I I

Pend Orel lie River at 

International Boundary 

(United States and 

Canada)

25

20

15

10

1 T

Spokane River at Spokane, 

Washington

1964

400

300

200

100

I I I I I I

Columbia River at Birchbank, 

British Columbia

______I I I I

300 -

Columbia River below Priest 

Rapids Dam, Washington

200 -

100 -

'ONDJFMAMJJAS ~ONDJFMAMJJAS 

FIGURE 6. Monthly water discharge for selected stations on the Columbia River and its tributaries.

zinc-65 and chromium-51 at Vancouver varied inversely 

with concentration of suspended sediment. Trend lines 

drawn through the data in figures 7 and 8 to indicate 

the approximate relations show that

_K Cp=C~a 

where

Cp is the specific activity of a radionuclide, in 

picocuries per milligram of sediment;

Cs is the concentration of suspended sediment, in

miligrams per liter of water; and 

K is a coefficient of proportionality.

Time of year was introduced as a third variable (not 

shown in figs. 7 and 8) in a study of the relations 

between the specific activities of zinc-65 and chromium51 and the concentration of suspended sediment. The 

results of this study indicated that time of year did not 

aid in explaining the variability in the specific activity
N14 TRANSPORT OF RADIONUCLIDES BY STREAMS

50

111

5

3

UJ 

CO

u. 

O

< 

DC 

O

10

in 

5

2 i

ft

I

O

u. 0.5

O

O 

u.

O ui

8s o.i

EXPLANATION

O

January to September 1964

A

October 1964 to September 1965

D

October 1965 to September 1966

0

Hanford Reactors shut down. 

July and August 1966

Trend line

5 10 50 100 500 1000 

SUSPENDED-SEDIMENT CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

5000

FIGURE 7. Variation of specific activity of chromium-51 with suspended-sediment concentration of the Columbia River at Vancouver, Wash.

of chromium-51. However, specific activities of zinc-65 

were generally higher during the periods from midMarch to early July and during the 1964-65 winter 

floods than specific activities during the periods from 

early July to mid-March. The separation of the zinc-65 

data by time of year is shown in figure 8. The higher 

level of specific activity of zinc-65 during periods from 

mid-March through April at Vancouver may be caused 

partly by the high levels of concentration of zinc-65 at 

Pasco during these periods (fig. 5). During mid-March 

to April, any suspended sediment that was transported 

rather quickly from near Pasco downstream to Vancouver may contain high levels of zinc-65; also, more 

zinc-65 may be fixed to sediment in the river between 

Pasco and Vancouver than is fixed during other periods 

because of the higher level of dissolved zinc-65. The 

specific activity of zinc-65 at Vancouver may remain 

high from May to early July because much of the sediment transported by the stream is derived from the bed 

and banks of the river during this period of rises, peaks, 

and recessions in water and sediment discharges. This

transported sediment may contain zinc-65 that was 

fixed during a previous period. Also, much of the zinc-65 

fixed to suspended sediment in the upriver reaches of 

the river (from the reactors to Umatilla) probably is 

transported to Vancouver without deposition during 

the high-water periods. Transport of deposited radionuclides and a lesser traveltime of particulate radionuclides from upriver portions to Vancouver also may 

have contributed to the high level of specific activity of 

zinc-65 at Vancouver during the flood period in 1964-65. 

The unique relation between specific activity of chromium-51 and concentration of suspended sediment at 

Vancouver as contrasted with the relations for diferent time periods for zinc-65 is not fully explained. 

Deposition, transport, and traveltime of sediments 

should have affected transport of fixed zinc-65 and 

chromium-51 in the same manner. Differences in decay 

during temporary deposition of the radionuclides 

upstream from Vancouver may be a partial answer to 

the differences in the relations. The differences in the 

relations were more likely caused by the differences in
RADIONUCLIDES IN TRANSPORT, COLUMBIA RIVER, WASHINGTON N15

5.0

1.0

50.5

X ui

Q. 

V) 

Ul

(C

D 

O

o

O 

CL

z

O

5ai

N 

U. 

O

flO.05

0.01

-^r-XX - X° ° °N>N£ OD \ *> Vv

o " V ~ \«AVB o °

a ° »°^ *.A

a \ \ S\A\°\ °

» g °° \ « X \A A

EXPLANATION

o 

January to September 1964

A 

October 1964 to September 1965

Q

October 1965 to September 1966

o

Hanford Reactors shut down. 

July and August 1966

Time division line 

Trend lines

-\ VS. N ' S\ *i

10 50 100 500 1000 

SUSPENDED-SEDIMENT CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

5000

FIGURE 8. Variation of specific activity of zinc-65 with suspended-sediment concentration of the Columbia River at Vancouver, Wash.

the physical-chemical characteristics of the generally 

anionic chromium-51 and the generally cationic zinc-65 

and by differences in the reactions of zinc-65 and chromium-51 with Columbia River sediments.

The change in specific activities of zinc-65 or chromium-51 with changes in suspended-sediment concentration (slopes of trend lines in figs. 7 and 8) remained 

constant throughout the range in concentration of suspended sediment even though the particle size of the 

suspended sediment changed greatly. Suspended sediment at Vancouver was composed of fine particles at 

low concentrations and mixtures of fine and coarse 

particles at higher concentrations (Haushildand others, 

1966). Sand (particle size greater than 0.0625 mm)

content in suspended sediment ranged from 0 percent 

during low water discharges to as high as 50 percent 

during the peak water discharges of the annual floods 

(fig. 3). A large percentage of the suspended sediment 

during the 1964-65 winter floods was silt (particle size 

ranges from 0.004 to 0.0625 mm). Differences in 

particle-size distribution of the suspended sediment 

may have caused some of the variability in specific 

activities of zinc-65 or chromium-51 at particular concentrations of suspended sediment (Sayre and others, 

1963). However, the general changes in specific activities of these radionuclides with changes in concentrations of suspended sediment were relatively independent 

of particle size of the sediment.
N16 TRANSPORT OF RADIONUCLIDES BY STREAMS

O CO 

(O Qj

- <

OI

(O O 

CO CO

10 W

6 E

111

_l O DC 

DOC 

(J <

a. O

9 DC

0.6

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0.2

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24

Q 12

I I I I I 

Concentration

/

/

I I

Study-period mean

I I________

mOoc

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QOfffi UJ I- 

> Z OC 

j UJ D

SS8

50

I I 1 II I 

CLASS 2

/Studyrperiod mean

I I I

Concentration

I I I I I I

80 S

1 1 1 1 I 1 I

Annual oscillatory pattern 

(January 1964 to September 

1966 data)

/Study-period mean

1 1 1 1 1 1 II

40

Z

CJ ~OC DC 

Z Z UJ UJ

N 2 ^ <

ScE^ 

3 fe o c

O luggj 

K 5 (J H

S§"

I i i i r i i I i

Annual oscillatory pattern 

(January 1964 to September 

1966 data)

Study-period mean

o~ o

UJ UJ "

25

Q CO

5

I I I I I I I

Concentration \

I I I

I I I I I I

5z-1

20 50 DC uj p uj

UJ L_ §

oi <

in ^ UJ DC 10 moo

0

300

200

-fc. v/

H|!5

if; 10° (tST

SSg-ffi <§"-

200

100

NDJ FMAM AS

COcog o 08"

ONDJ FMAM AS

FIGURE 9. Seasonal-variation patterns of water discharge and discharge and (or) concentration of suspended sediment and selected class-1, 2, and 4

radionuclides for the Columbia River at Pasco, Wash.

ANALYSIS OF CONTINUOUS TIME SERIES

Superposing the graphs of concentrations and discharges of a radionuclide for each year at Pasco or at 

Vancouver revealed a definite seasonal pattern of variation. Evidence of the seasonal variation in concentrations of dissolved and particulate radionuclides also 

can be seen from an inspection of the data in table 1. 

The seasonal patterns were determined by fitting curves 

through the median positions of the concentration and 

discharge data; the curves were fitted by using techniques described by Waugh (1943). Concentrations 

and discharges of radionuclides during the temporary 

shutdown of all reactors in July-August 1966 were 

excluded from this analysis. A plot of the deviations of 

individual observations from the seasonal curve show a 

decreasing trend with time for the distributions and 

concentrations of most radionuclides. The residual 

deviations from the seasonal discharges (corrected for 

trend) exhibit random variations for some radionuclide 

discharges and exhibit a relationship with water discharge for other radionuclides. The seasonal patterns 

and residual deviations in water discharges, in suspended-sediment concentrations, and in total sediment 

discharges from January 1964 to September 1966 were 

also determined for the Pasco and Vancouver stations.

TEMPORAL VARjIATION

CLASSIFICATION OF RADIONUCLIDES

The seasonal variations in concentrations and discharges of particulate and dissolved radionuclides at 

Pasco and Vancouver were so similar for groups of 

radionuclides that they were used as the basis for classifying the radionuclides. The classification of dissolved 

and particulate radionuclides at Pasco and Vancouver 

is given in table 2. The unique patterns of seasonal

TABLE 2. Classification of dissolved and particulate

radionuclides according to seasonal-variation patterns in their

concentrations and discharges at Columbia River stations

Classification1

Pasco, Wash. Vancouver, Wash.

Radionuclide

Cobalt-58 ..............

Cobalt-60 ..............

Antimony-124 ......

Zinc-65 ..................

Scandium-46 ........

Manganese-54 ......

Iron-59 ..................

Chromium-51 ......

Dissolved

1

1

2

4

4

4

4

3

Particulate

4

2

2

2

2

2

3

3

Dissolved

3

2

5

5

5

4

2

3

Particulate

4

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

1 The patterns of seasonal variation for each class are shown in figures 9 

and 10.

variation in concentration and discharge for each of the 

five classes of radionuclides are shown in figures 9 and 

10. The seasonal-variation patterns determined from
RADIONUCLIDES IN TRANSPORT, COLUMBIA RIVER, WASHINGTON N17

5 uj

2oc 1500

|S

x~.< 1000

> <°- 500 -JI

O 0

W (O

w tr o

II 111 I I I I

CLASS 3

^^__^x^^V Study-period meanv y

_~~ ^-Discharge ^^\^ /^

Concentration--^ "^

II I I I I I I

«HJUU

200C

n

5° °

50 

UJ

IT

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b?>

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in £

6 a!

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UJ DC

t- D 

< 0

jJ 

oc

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II I I I I I I

CLASS 5

^

~~ / Y~Dischar9e

/ \

^-^ \

 Concentration vX \\ 

/I \v

/ / \\

/Study -period mean / ' \

^s^~ / \ 

.X^_ ._ _ ^s Vv ^s v.

100

75

50

25

n

5E 

° IwUJ III

I I T I i i

Annual oscillatory pattern 

(January 1964 to September 

1966 data)

Study-period mean

I I I I

120

80 :r

t- c 

2?t!

UJ t

52-1

QO C

40

oz£ 2 UJ OC 

UJ U U

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r; O QD 2 O DC 

U uj O uj

ocSE H

i i i i i i

Annual oscillatory pattern 

(January 1964 to eptember 

1966 data)

I I I

Study-period mean'

I I I I I I I I

400 ±y

200

ONDJ FMAM ON FMAM

FIGURE 10. Seasonal-variation patterns of water discharge and the discharge and (or) concentration of suspended sediment and

radionuclides for the Columbia River at Vancouver, Wash.

AS

selected class-3 and 5

study-period data in water discharge and suspendedsediment concentration shown in figures 9 and 10 are 

indexes to the hydrodynamic and sedimentation characteristics of the Columbia River. They provide a comparison of the seasonal variation in their concentrations 

and (or) discharges with the variations in the concentration and discharge of each class of radionuclide.

SEASONAL VARIATION

Classes 1 and 4 are principally for dissolved radionuclides, and seasonal-variation patterns in their concentrations and discharges are nearly alike. The main 

difference is that concentrations of class-1 radionuclides 

were minimum in June and then increased slowly during July through November; whereas, concentrations 

of class-4 radionuclides remained low during July 

through October and increased rapidly during November and December. Concentrations of these classes were 

high during December-April, peaked in March, and 

decreased rapidly during the annual increase and peak 

in water discharge in May-June. Changes in discharges 

of class-1 and 4 radionuclides closely paralleled changes 

in their concentrations, except that the discharges continued to recede because water discharge was still 

receding from its June peak after the concentrations 

leveled out at their summer low values.

Concentrations of class-2 radionuclides have a dualpeak seasonal pattern with maximums in April and 

September and minimums in June-July and December. 

Because of the effect of the annual rise, peak, and

recession of the water discharge in the Columbia River, 

the spring peak and subsequent summer minimum in 

discharge of class-2 radionuclides occurred later in the 

year (June and August-September) rather than coincident with the spring peak and its subsequent minimum in concentration (April and June-July). Also, 

the spring peak in discharge was greater than the fall 

peak; therefore, the relative magnitudes of peaks in 

discharge of class-2 radionuclides are the reverse of the 

relative magnitudes of their peaks in concentration.

The relative constancy of the discharge of class-3 

radionuclides (fig. 10) is reflected in the approximately 

inverse variation of their concentration with water discharge. The reason for the constancy of discharge of 

chromium-51 was discussed previously. (See section on 

"Influence of Parent Materials.") The concentration of 

particulate iron in the treated cooling water probably 

was fairly constant. Richman (1960), in his discussion 

of water treatment for reactor cooling at the Hanford 

Reservation, reported that the turbidity concentrations 

in the treated cooling water generally were fairly constant (ranged from 0.003 to 0.005 mg/1) and that iron 

compounds constituted a substantial part of the suspended solids; therefore, it is not surprising that the 

concentration and discharge of particulate iron at Pasco 

followed the class-3 patterns of seasonal variation.

The seasonal-variation patterns for the discharges 

and concentrations of class-5 radionuclides (principally 

particulate radionuclides) closely agreed with the seasonal-variation pattern in water discharge at Vancouver.
N18 TRANSPORT OF RADIONUCLIDES BY STREAMS

U ~-Q

2 o£

CO O

CO CO

Q Q

guj

6 oc

Z D 

N °

i I I I I T T \ 

l\ Pasco, Washington Ai I /Study-period mean

0.2

1 I I I 

CLASS 1

Water

Cobalt

Q. Q

OC ± 

Q cc 

ol

CO Q

24

12

0

2000

1500

1000

i i i r r T \\ i

Pasco, Washington 

/u^-Zinc

T 

CLASS 2 -

PS / 1 A k

/A/vUv Water

Study-period mean

UJ

&< 

200a£ 50

Oco

100 -, - 

N OC25

O -> 

Hi U

0 ^2

O

300

200

I I I I I I I I I 

Pasco, Washington CLASS 4

200 uj 

co

CC 111

100

0 «

u 

o

100 K 50

i i i Ti i i i r

Vancouver, Washington CLASS 3 

'Water

^Study-period mean

Chromium'

I I I I I

i$

CC 25 uj -,25

bo

200

Vancouver, Washington

!\

Zinc1\ \ A

Water

O

800 | 

O

600 ?

UJ

O 

QC

400 5

co

O

CC111

200 b

ONDJFMAMJ J AS ONDJ FMAMJ A S

FIGURE 11. Residual oscillations for the 1965 water year of water discharges and the discharges of selected class-1 to 5 radionuclides for the Columbia

River at Fasco and Vancouver, Wash.

RESIDUAL OSCILLATIONS

Residual discharges are the departures of observed 

weekly discharges from the seasonal weekly discharges 

that were determined from the time-series analysis. The 

oscillations of the residual discharges (fig. 11) indicated 

a relative highness or lowness in observed discharges 

for a particular time of year and the duration of the 

periods when discharges were relatively high or low. 

The seasonal variations in radionuclide discharges were 

determined from an analysis of continuous time series 

of weekly discharges observed during a period of less 

than 3 years. Because of the short period of observation, 

rather high or low residual discharges and rather long 

periods of residual discharges remaining relatively high 

or low probably would be accepted as occurring by 

chance at some credible level of confidence. However, 

some of the apparently unusually high or low discharges 

and relatively long periods of such discharges remaining high or low for radionuclides in classes 1,2,3, and 4 

may have resulted from unusually high or low concentrations, or from the persistence in concentrations to 

remain high or low, of the parent materials in Columbia 

River water at the reactors. Variations in treatment of

Columbia River water for cooling the reactors and in 

the extent of cleaning of film and incrustations from 

process tubes and fuel-element surfaces of the reactor 

cooling system were other possible causes of "abnormal" discharges of radionuclides in classes 1-4. The 

dependency of the discharges of class-5 radionuclides 

on water discharge, which has been shown previously 

by the similarities in the seasonal-variation patterns of 

these discharges, was emphasized by the synchronism 

shown in figure 11 between oscillations of the residual 

discharges of particulate zinc-65 and the water at Vancouver. The data for the 1965 water year presented in 

figure 11 provide evidence that the variations in residual 

discharges for radionuclides in classes 1-4 generally 

were not related to the variations in residual water discharges, however, variations for class-3 radionuclides 

were weakly related.

TREND

The discharges of many dissolved and particulate 

radionuclides consistently decreased at a generally uniform rate during the period January 1964 to September 

1966. Exceptions were discharges of dissolved antimony124 and particulate zinc-65 at Pasco and Vancouver,
RADIONUCLIDES IN TRANSPORT, COLUMBIA RIVER, WASHINGTON N19

I I I I I [ I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I T

JFMAMJ JASON DJFMAMJ JA SON OJFMAMJ JA S

FIGURE 12. The residual discharges of dissolved chromium-51 for the Columbia River at Vancouver, Wash. Notice the decreasing trend in discharges of

radionuclides during the study period.

dissolved iron-59 at Pasco, and dissolved cobalt-58 at 

Vancouver; consistent decreases or increases in these 

discharges of radionuclides during the study period 

were not apparent. The number of operating reactors 

decreased from nine to six during the period from late 

December 1964 to early June 1965. The lesser number 

of operating reactors probably caused the decreasing 

trends noted in the discharges of many radionuclides 

from January 1965 to September 1966. Improvements 

and changes in operating procedures for the reactors 

may have caused the decreasing trend noted in the discharges of many dissolved and particulate radionuclides during 1964. Hall (1960) and Silker (1963) 

described programs for reducing radionuclide production rates by (1) increasing the efficiency of removal of 

materials from the water during treatment, and (2) 

reducing residence time of the dissolved and particulate 

materials in the reactors. The general decreasing trend 

during the study period in discharges of many dissolved 

and particulate radionuclides is exemplified by the 

graph shown in figure 12 of residual discharges of dissolved chromium-51 at Vancouver.

TOTAL DISCHARGES

The total discharge of a radionuclide at a river station is composed of the discharges of the radionuclide 

in the dissolved and particulate forms. Total discharges 

of radionuclides and the percentages that dissolved 

discharges were of the total discharges at Pasco, Umatilla, and Vancouver are given in tables 3-15.

Percentage dissolved (the percentage of the total 

discharge of a radionuclide that was discharged in the 

dissolved state) varied with type of radionuclide, with 

time (at a station), and in space (between the stations). 

The variations in percentages dissolved may be better 

evaluated from the summary given in table 16 than

from the data given in tables 3-15.

Nelson (in Pearce and Green, 1966, p. 89-92) reported 

that the general chemical form of chromium-51 in the 

Columbia River is anionic; whereas, antimony-124 is 

either anionic or uncharged (ions are not retained in 

either cationic-exchange or anionic-exchange resin 

beds). Only small percentages of these radionuclides 

become fixed to sediments, and they occur mostly in the 

dissolved state in the Columbia River. Nelson reported 

that the other radionuclides in table 16 are dominantly 

cationic; they are transported more in the particulate 

form than in the dissolved state. A general ranking of 

selected radionuclides in descending order of percentage dissolved is antimony-124, chromium-51, cobalt-58, 

zinc-65, manganese-54, cobalt-60, scandium-46, and 

iron-59. The percentages dissolved for the last four 

radionuclides in the above ranking were so similar at 

Vancouver (table 16) that they can be ranked as a 

single group at this station.

The magnitudes of the seasonal variations in the percentages dissolved during the period May 1965 to June 

1966 are the differences between the maximums and 

minimums shown in table 16. These differences generally different for each radionuclide ranged from less 

than 10 percent for chromium-51 and antimony-124 at 

all river stations to greater than 60 percent for zinc-65 

at Pasco and Umatilla and manganese-54 at Pasco. 

There were definite periods of 3-4 months' extent when 

extremes in the percentage dissolved occurred for most 

radionuclides at each river station. The exceptions are: 

(1) antimony-124 and chromium-51, percentages dissolved were minimum during one 3-4 month period 

(see table 16) and fluctuated about an average maximum during the remainder of the year; (2) because of 

somewhat erratic fluctuations, the only period that 

could be determined was when the percentage dissolved
N20 TRANSPORT OF RADIONUCLIDES BY STREAMS

for iron-59 at Pasco and Umatilla was minimum; and 

(3) percentage dissolved for manganese-54 was generally lowest from May to November (7 months) at 

Vancouver.

During the period May 1965 through June 1966, the 

extremes in percentages dissolved for a radionuclide 

generally occurred in accordance with the seasonal variations in its dissolved and particulate discharges. At 

Pasco, the percentages dissolved for zinc-65, scandium46, cobalt-60, iron-59, and manganese-54 were maximum during the winter months when their dissolved 

discharges were increasing (classes 1 and 4) and their 

particulate discharges were either at minimum levels 

or low (class 2) or nearly constant (class 3). The occurrence of maximums in percentages dissolved, for the 

radionuclides at Pasco, apparently influenced the 

occurrence of maximums in their percentage dissolved 

at Vancouver even though the classifications of the 

dissolved and particulate forms of the radionuclides at 

Vancouver were different from those at Pasco. Maximums in percentage dissolved for the radionuclides 

generally occurred in the winter at all stations. The 

percentage of dissolved cobalt-58 at Pasco also was 

maximum during the winter; this fact indicated that 

the increase in its dissolved discharge (class 1) was 

greater than the increase in its particulate discharge 

(class 4). However, the maximum in percentage dissolved for cobalt-58 occurred at Vancouver in September-November when its particulate discharge (class 4) 

was at minimum levels relative to its dissolved discharge (class 3). The minimums in percentages dissolved for the radionuclides generally occurred when 

their particulate discharges were relatively high; this 

happened in late summer to early fall for class-2 particulate radionuclides at Pasco and during the high 

water discharge period, May-July, for class-5 particulate radionuclides at Vancouver. Percentages dissolved 

for iron-59 at Pasco was minimum from August to 

November when its dissolved discharge (class 4) was 

low relative to its particulate discharge (class 3).

During May 1965 to June 1966, changes between 

river stations of 5 percent or less in the percentage dissolved for the radionuclides may have been of lesser 

magnitude than the erors in their total discharges at 

the stations. Therefore, the changes in the percentages 

dissolved for chromium-51, antimony-124, iron-59, and 

scandium-46 in the downstream direction (table 16) 

may have been apparent changes instead of real 

changes. The decreases in the downstream direction in 

the percentages dissolved for the other radionuclides 

were indicative of a transfer of dissolved radionuclides 

to particulate radionuclides by fixation to sediments 

and other matter transported by the river. The percentages dissolved decreased by about 30 percent

between Pasco and Vancouver for zinc-65, cobalt-60, 

and manganese-54, and about 11 percent for cobalt-58. 

For these radionuclides, the decrease in percentages 

dissolved between Pasco and Umatilla about equaled 

the decrease in percentages dissolved between Umatilla 

and Vancouver. (See table 16.) The equality of the 

decrease for these two unequal-length reaches of the 

Columbia River probably reflects the effects in McNary 

Reservoir of (1) the relatively low velocities of water 

on transport of radionuclides and (2) the availability 

of sediments from the Snake and Walla Walla Rivers 

on fixation, and subsequent deposition, of dissolved 

radionuclides by sediments.

DISPOSITION OF RADIONUCLIDE DISCHARGES 

MEASURED AT PASCO

The disposition of the radionuclides discharged at 

Pasco in the Pasco-Vancouver reach was evaluated by 

use of the continuity and the conservation-of-mass 

principles. An equation that relates these principles to 

radionuclide disposition states that the quantity of a 

radionuclide added to, or depleted from, storage, AS, in 

the Pasco-Vancouver reach during a time interval, At, 

equals the difference in discharge of the radionuclide af 

Pasco, /, and discharge of the radionuclide at Vancouver, O, during A£. The discharges of the radionuclides at Pasco have to be corrected for decay during 

their residence time. Residence time is defined as the 

time the radionuclides spend in the Pasco-Vancouver 

reach during A£.

7-0=AS (1)

Expressing equation 1 in relation to the input discharge 

at Pasco, 7, gives

7 ° AS (2) 7 7 - 7

or, in percent,

100- (100) O 100(AS)

(3)

Because of an uncertainty about actual residence 

times in the Pasco-Vancouver reach of radionuclides 

discharged at Pasco, the disposition of radionuclides 

discharged at Pasco is first evaluated without correcting 

the Pasco discharges for their decay in the reach during 

A?. This evaluation results in an incremental storage 

(+ AS) that will be too large or an incremental depletion ( AS) that will be too small. The effects of decay 

subsequently are qualitatively evaluated. (See following paragraphs.)

The average monthly total discharges of eight radionuclides during the period January 1964 to June 1966 

at Pasco and Vancouver were used in equation 3 to
RADIONUCLIDES IN TRANSPORT, COLUMBIA RIVER, WASHINGTON N21

500

400

u.

OT (J

O CD

ffi R 9 aoo

I I T 

(January 1964 to June 1966)

LU UJ

0

g BS 8

O>

100 

J FMAMJ JASOND

FIGURE 13. Relations between the water discharge in the Columbia River and the transport, decay, and storage of radionuclides in the Pasco-Vancouver reach.

evaluate (1) the average monthly discharge of each 

radionuclide at Vancouver relative to its monthly discharge at Pasco, and (2) the quantity added to, or 

depleted from, storage of each radionuclide in the 

Pasco-Vancouver reach during each month relative to 

the monthly discharge of the radionuclide at Pasco. 

Plots of the results of these evaluations for selected 

radionuclides are shown in the lower graph of figure 13. 

In this figure, the graphs referred to the left-side ordinate represent the relative discharges of the radionuclides at Vancouver; the graphs referred to the rightside ordinate represent the incremental storage of the 

input radionuclides in the reach between the stations 

relative to the input (Pasco) discharges. Data from 

cobalt-60 closely agreed with the data shown for manganese-54 in figure 13. Data for iron-59, cobalt-58, and 

scandium-46 generally agreed with the zinc-65 data

from December through August, except that the relative discharges at Vancouver of these radionuclides 

were less than the relative discharge for zinc-65 during 

the September-November period.

The transport, decay, and storage of radionuclides in 

the Pasco-Vancouver reach depends on the hydrodynamic and sedimentation characteristics of the Columbia River. Changes in the output discharges of 

radionuclides at Vancouver relative to the input discharges at Pasco closely followed the changes in water 

discharge of the Columbia River (compare lower graphs 

with upper graphs in fig. 13). Discharges of radionuclides at Vancouver were high, and incremental storages in the reach between Pasco and Vancouver were 

low during high water discharge in the Columbia River. 

During high water discharge periods, water velocities 

are high; previously deposited sediment is transported;
N22 TRANSPORT OF RADIONUCLIDES BY STREAMS

and deposition rates of transported sediment are low. 

Therefore, transported radionuclides spent less time 

and decayed less in the reach, deposition rates of transported radionuclides were lower, more of the previously 

deposited radionuclides were transported, and discharges of radionuclides at Vancouver were higher during periods of high water discharge than during periods 

of low water discharge.

The radionuclides discharged at Pasco spent variable 

amounts of time in the Pasco- Vancouver reach. If the 

time they spent, say T, during the time interval, A£, is 

known, their decay, D, during T can be evaluated from

D=I (l-e- (4)

In equation 4, e is the natural logarithm base and X is a 

decay coefficient, which equals In 2/half life, for a 

specific radionuclide. The time, T, could vary from the 

flow time of water between Pasco and Vancouver to 

longer than the time interval, A£, used in evaluating 

equation 2. However, if T were longer than A£, T equal 

to A£ should be used in equation 4, because the decay 

of the input radionuclides for their residence time in the 

reach during the time interval of evaluation is required. 

From a study of the flow times of the Columbia River 

by radioactive tracers, Nelson, Perkins, and Haushild 

(1966) estimated a flow time of water between Pasco 

and Vancouver of about 7 days during high water discharge and of about 14 days during low water discharge. 

Because monthly discharges of radionuclides at Pasco 

and Vancouver were used in evaluating radionuclide 

disposition in the Pasco-Vancouver reach, At, varies 

from 28 to 31 days and averages 30 days. The values of 

D relative to the input radionuclide discharge at Pasco 

equaled

^Ud-e-AT) (5)

and are given in table 17 for T equal to 7, 14, and 30 

days.

TABLE 17. Decay losses of selected radionuclides during 

periods of 7,14, and 30 days

Radionuclide

Antimony-124 .......

Chromium-51 .........

Cobalt-58 .................

Zinc-65 .....................

Manganese-54 .......

Cobalt-60 .................

Scandium-46 ...........

Iron-59 .....................

Half life

(days)

60

28

71

245

314

....... 1,920

84

45

Loss,

7 days

8

16

7

2

1.5

.2

6

10

in percent,

14 days

15

30

12

4

3

.5

11

19

for decay

30 days

29

53

25

8

6

1

22

47

Comparison of the data in table 17 with the data in 

figure 13 provides general estimates of the relative role 

of decay in the reductions of discharges of Pasco radionuclides between Pasco and Vancouver. Most of the 

time, decay of the chromium-51 and antimony-124 discharged at Pasco during their transport through the

Pasco-Vancouver reach probably was of the same magnitude as the difference between their discharges at 

Pasco and Vancouver. Only during the fall season did 

much of the input discharge of chromium-51 and antimony-124 at Pasco go into storage in the Pasco-Vancouver reach; little or none of the input discharge of 

these radionuclides was stored in the reach during 

winter, early spring, and late summer; and these radionuclides were removed from storage in the reach during 

the high water discharge periods in late spring and 

early summer. The proportion of the input discharges 

at Pasco of cobalt-58, zinc-65, maganese-54, cobalt-60, 

scandium-46, and iron-59 going into storage in the 

Pasco-Vancouver reach during most of the year was 

relatively high. Only during the high water discharges 

in June was removal of radionuclides from storage in 

the reach necessary to supply some of the discharges of 

these radionuclides at Vancouver.

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

Eight radionuclides in the Columbia River originated 

principally in the cooling-water effluent of the Hanford 

Reservation reactors; discharges averaged 9,190 curies 

per week at Pasco, Wash., and 6,630 curies per week at 

Vancouver, Wash., during the period January 1964 to 

September 1966. The approximate order of radionuclide 

abundance and the average percentage of their discharge (in the total radionuclide discharge at these 

river stations) were chromium-51 (96.4), zinc-65 (2.5), 

scandium-46 (0.5), iron-59 (0.2), antimony-124 

(>0.1),manganese-54 (>0.1), cobalt-58 «0.1),and 

cobalt-60 «0.1).

The concentrations of dissolved and particulate 

radionuclides in the Columbia River at Pasco and Vancouver, Wash., varied seasonally in five separate patterns. These patterns were used as a basis for classifying 

the dissolved and particulate radionuclides. The seasonal variations in concentrations of radionuclides in 

classes 1,2, and 4 were found to depend on the seasonal 

variations in concentrations of dissolved parent materials in the river at the reactors. The pattern of seasonal 

variation in concentrations of class-3 radionuclides 

exhibited the characteristics of dilution of a source of 

constant strength by the river discharge. The constancy 

in the supply of class-3 radionuclides resulted from 

either the addition of the parent material to the treated 

cooling water as a corrosion inhibitor (chromium-51 

from sodium dichromate) or the parent material was 

the principal constituent (iron) of the fairly constant 

quantity of suspended solids in the treated cooling 

water. Changes in concentrations of class-5 radionuclides varied in synchronism with changes in water discharge. A correlation between the seasonal variations 

in the concentrations of some dissolved and particulate
RADIONUCLIDES IN TRANSPORT, COLUMBIA RIVER, WASHINGTON N23

radionuclides and water discharge was only noted at 

Vancouver, which is about 270 miles downstream of the 

reactors. The seasonal variations in concentrations of 

class-5 radionuclides probably resulted from the inexactly known and nonpredictable interactions and 

(or) relations among decay, dispersion, fixation, dilution, and storage of radionuclides between the reactors 

and downstream locations. The seasonal variation of 

class-5 radionuclides indicated that variability in concentrations of most particulate radionuclides and a few 

dissolved radionuclides at stations located far downstream tend to lose their dependency on the strength 

and variability of the source and become dependent 

upon the variability in the discharge of water.

The seasonal variations in the concentrations of the 

dissolved and particulate radionuclides were evaluated 

according to their classification. Concentrations of 

class-1 radionuclides (dissolved cobalt-58 and cobalt-60 

at Pasco) and class-4 radionuclides (dissolved zinc-65, 

scandium-46, and iron-59 at Pasco; dissolved manganese-54 at Pasco and Vancouver; and particulate 

cobalt-58 at Pasco and Vancouver) were high during 

December through April and peaked in March. Concentrations of class-1 and 4 radionuclides decreased 

rapidly during the annual increase in water discharge 

in May and June. Concentrations of class-1 radionuclides were minimum in June, and concentrations of 

class-4 radionuclides remained at low levels during 

June through October. Concentrations of class-2 radionuclides (particulate cobalt-60, antimony-124, zinc-65, 

scandium-46, manganese-54, and dissolved antimony124 at Pasco, and dissolved cobalt-60 and iron-59 at 

Vancouver) had a dual-peak seasonal pattern with the 

maximums occurring in April and September and the 

minimums occurring in June-July and December. The 

concentrations of class-3 radionuclides (dissolved 

chromium-51 and particulate iron-59 and chromium-51 

at Pasco, and dissolved cobalt-58 and chromium-51 at 

Vancouver) were at generally high levels during lowwater discharge periods and at generally low levels during high-water discharge periods. The maximum concentrations of class-5 radionuclides ( dissolved antimony-124, zinc-65, and scandium-46, and particulate 

cobalt-60, antimony-124, zinc-65, scandium-46, manganese-54, iron-59, and chromium-51 at Vancouver) coincided with the annual maximum in water discharge 

(June), and minimum concertations usually coincided 

with the minimum water discharges of September and 

October.

The specific activities of zinc-65 and chromium-51 at 

Vancouver varied inversely with concentration of suspended sediment in the river. Trend lines indicated that 

the relations between logarithms of the specific activities of these radionuclides and concentration of suspended sediment were probably linear and had a slope 

of 1. Some of the variability in specific activities of 

zinc-65 and chromium-51 at particular concentrations 

of the suspended sediment may have been caused by 

changes in particle size of the suspended sediment. 

However, the general relations between specific activities of these radionuclides and suspended-sediment 

concentration were not affected by the particle size of 

the suspended sediment. Seasonal variation in concentrations of dissolved and particulate zinc-65 in reaches 

of the river upstream of Vancouver and seasonal differences in deposition, transport, and travel time of 

sediments in the river were postulated as possible 

causes of a time-of-year dependency for the zinc-65 

relation.

The seasonal variation in discharge of each dissolved 

or particulate radionuclide depended on the seasonal 

variations in its concentration and in the water discharge at the river stations. Concentration of the radionuclide naturally was the main controlling factor during the relatively constant and low-water discharge 

periods from September through April. The annual rise, 

peak, and recession of water discharge (May through 

August period) caused shifts in timing of peaks in discharges of radionuclides in classes 1,2, and 4 relative to 

peaks in their concentrations, and also caused the dual 

peaks in discharges of class-2 radionuclides to have 

relative magnitudes opposite to the relative magnitudes 

of the dual peaks in their concentrations. Discharges 

of class-3 radionuclides were relatively constant. The 

pattern of seasonal discharges of class-5 radionuclides 

closely followed the pattern of seasonal discharge of 

water at Vancouver.

Discharges of dissolved antimony-124 and iron-59, 

and particulate zinc-65 at Pasco and discharges of dissolved antimony-124 and cobalt-58, and particulate 

zinc-65 at Vancouver did not show a definite increasing 

nor decreasing trend during the study period. The trend 

in the discharges of other dissolved and particulate 

radionuclides was to consistently decrease at a generally uniform rate. Improvements and changes in operating procedures for the reactors and the shutdown of 

three reactors during the study period caused the 

decreasing trends in radionuclide discharges. The total 

discharge of many radionuclides decreased by as much 

as 60 percent during the study period and consistently 

decreased slightly more at Vancouver than at Pasco.

The temporal and spatial variations in percentage 

dissolved (the percentage of dissolved discharge, in the 

total discharge of a radionuclide) depended greatly on 

the chemical form of the radionuclides in the river. The 

generally anionic chromium-51 and the anionic plus 

uncharged antimony-124 were transported mostly 

(averaged 93 and 96 percent, respectively) in the dis-
N24 TRANSPORT OF RADIONUCLIDES BY STREAMS

solved state; seasonal changes in percentages dissolved 

for these radionuclides were about 6 percent. The small 

changes between Pasco, Umatilla, and Vancouver in 

percentage dissolved for chromium-51 and antimony124 may have been apparent rather than real, because 

the changes probably are less than the errors in their 

discharges at the stations. A ranking of the generally 

cationic radionuclides in descending order of percentage 

dissolved is cobalt-58, zinc-65, manganese-54, cobalt60, scandium-46, and iron-59. The temporal variation in 

percentage dissolved was different for each of these 

generally cationic radionuclides. The differences 

between annual maximums and minimums in percentages dissolved ranged from about 10 percent for cobalt60 at Vancouver to greater than 60 percent for zinc-65 

at Pasco and Umatilla, and manganese-54 at Pasco. 

The maximums and minimums in percentages dissolved 

for most of the cationic radionuclides occurred during 

periods that related directly to the seasonal variations 

in their dissolved and particulate discharges. The percentage dissolved for iron-59 apparently remained 

about constant in the river between Pasco and Vancouver; some dissolved scandium-46 apparently became 

fixed to particulate matter during downstream transport. The percentages dissolved decreased between 

Pasco and Vancouver by about 30 percent for zinc-65, 

cobalt-60, and manganese-54, and by about 11 percent 

for cobalt-58. For these radionuclides, the decreases in 

percentage dissolved between Pasco and Umatilla 

about equaled the decreases between Umatilla and Vancouver. These equal decreases in percentages dissolved 

for unequal-length reaches of the river were attributed 

to the availability of sediments from the Snake and 

Walla Walla Rivers and the relatively low river velocities in McNary Reservoir.

When water and sediment discharges of the river 

were high, discharge of radionuclides at Vancouver 

was high, quantities of transported radionuclides going 

into storage between Pasco and Vancouver were low, 

and decay of the transported radionuclides in the 

Pasco-Vancouver reach was low. The factors causing 

these high discharges, low storages, and low decay of 

Columbia River radionuclides were the high water velocities, transport of previously deposited sediment, and 

low deposition rates of transported sediment during the 

periods of high water discharge. The effects of hydrodynamic and sedimentation characteristics of the river 

during low-water discharge periods on the disposition 

of Pasco radionuclides were almost the opposite of 

those during high-water discharge periods. Therefore, 

the discharges of radionuclides at Vancouver relative 

to their discharge at Pasco varied seasonally in close 

agreement with the seasonal variation in water discharge of the Columbia River. Incremental storage

of a radionuclide in the Pasco-Vancouver reach was 

the excess of the difference between discharges of 

the radionuclide at Pasco and Vancouver over estimated decay of the radionuclide during its residency 

in the reach. A qualitative evaluation of the incremental 

storage of radionuclides discharged at Pasco indicated 

that only during the fall did much chromium-51 and 

antimony-124 go into storage in the Pasco-Vancouver 

reach. During the remainder of the year, differences 

between discharges of these radionuclides at Pasco and 

Vancouver were either about in equilibrium with, or less 

than, the estimated decay of the Pasco radionuclides 

during their travel between the stations. Depletion from 

storage of these radionuclides was necessary during 

much of the year to supply part of the discharge at Vancouver. Only during the high water discharges in June 

was depletion from storage necessary to supply part of 

the discharge at Vancouver of the generally cationic 

zinc-65, cobalt-58, cobalt-60, scandium-46, manganese54, and iron-59.

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States: New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 534 p.

Hall, R. B., 1960, Development test IP-357-P, use of high alum 

feed for water treatment: AEC Research Devel. Rept. HW66736, Office Tech. Services, U.S. Dept. Commerce, 5 p.

Haushild, W. L., Perkins, R. W., Stevens, H. H., Jr., Dempster, G. R., Jr., and Glenn, J. L., 1966, Radionuclide transport in the Pasco to Vancouver, Washington, reach of the 

Columbia River July 1962 to September 1963: U.S. Geol. 

Survey open-file rept., 188 p.

Highsmith, R. M., Jr., ed., 1957, Atlas of the Pacific Northwest 

[2d ed.]: Corvallis, Oregon State Coll. Press, 140 p.

Huntting, M. T., and others, compilers, 1961, Geologic map of 

Washington: Washington Div. Mines and Geology Map.

Hydrology Subcommittee, Columbia Basin Inter-Agency Committee, 1962, River mile index, main stem Columbia River: 

17 p.

 1965, River mile index, Columbia River main stem and 

tributaries in Canada: 36 p.

Nelson, J. L., Perkins, R. W., and Haushild, W. L., 1966, Determination of Columbia River flow times from Pasco, Washington using radioactive tracers introduced by the Hanford 

reactors: Water Resources Research, v. 2, no. 1, p. 31-39.

Nelson, J. L., Perkins, R. W., Nielsen, J. M., and Haushild, 

W. L., 1966, Reactions of radionuclides from the Hanford 

reactors with Columbia River sediments, in Disposal of 

radioactive wastes into seas, oceans, and surface waters: 

Internat. Atomic Energy Agency Symposium, May 16-20, 

1966, Vienna, Proc., p. 139-161.

Nielsen, J. M., 1963, Behavior of radionuclides in the Columbia 

River: AEC Research Devel. Rept. TID-7664, Office Tech. 

Services, U.S. Dept. Commerce, p. 91-112.

Pearce, D. W., and Green, J. K., eds., 1966, Pacific Northwest 

Laboratory annual report for 1965 in the physical sciences 

to the USAEC Division of Biology and Medicine, Volume 

2: Radiological Sciences: AEC Research Devel. Rept. 

BNWL-235 2, Clearinghouse Federal Sci. Tech. Inf., Natl.
RADIONUCLIDES IN TRANSPORT, COLUMBIA RIVER, WASHINGTON N25

Bur. Standards, U.S. Dept. Commerce, Springfield, Va., 

175 p.

Perkins, R. W., 1965, An anticoincidence shielded-multidimensional gamma ray spectrometer: Nuclear Instruments and 

Methods, v. 33, p. 71-76.

Perkins, R. W., Nelson, J. L., and Haushild, W. L., 1966, 

Behavior and transport of radionuclides in the Columbia 

River between Hanford and Vancouver, Washington: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 11, no. 2, p. 235-248.

Perkins, R. W., Nielsen, J. M., and Diebel, N. R., 1960, Total 

absorption gamma-ray spectrometers utilizing anticoincidence shielding: Rev. Sci. Instruments, v. 31, no. 12, p. 

1344-1349.

Richman, R. B., 1960, Improvements in water treatment for 

once-through reactor cooling, in Symposium on technical 

developments in the handling and utilization of water and 

industrial waste water: Am. Soc. Testing Materials, Spec. 

Tech. Pub. no. 273, p. 40-47.

Ross, C. P., and Forrester, J. D., 1947, Geologic map of the 

State of Idaho: U.S. Geol. Survey Map.

Santos, J. F., 1965, Quality of surface waters in the lower 

Columbia River basin: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply 

Paper 1784, 78 p.

Sayre, W. W., Guy, H. P., and Chamberlain, A. R., 1963, Uptake 

and transport of radionuclides by stream sediments: U.S. 

Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 433-A, 35 p.

Silker, W. B., 1963, Reducing radioisotope concentrations in 

reactor effluent by high coagulent feed: Am. Water Works 

Assoc. Jour., v. 55, no. 4, p. 233-235.

 1964, Variations in elemental concentrations in the 

Columbia River: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 9, no. 4, 

p. 540-545.

U.S. Geol. Survey, 1964a, Surface water records of Oregon: 

Open-file rept, 397 p.

 1964b, Surface water records of Washington: Openfile rept., 456 p.

 1964c, Water quality records in Oregon: Open-file 

rept., 135 p.

 1964d, Water quality records in Washington: Openfile rept., 227 p.

 1965a, Water resources data for Oregon, Part 1. Surface water records, Part 2. Water quality records: Openfile repts., 508 p.

 1965b, Water resources data for Washington, Part 1. 

Surface water records, Part 2. Water quality records: 

Open-file repts., 691 p.

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Surface water records, Part 2. Water quality records: 

Open-file repts., 642 p.

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Falls Hydraulic Lab., Minneapolis, Minn., rept. 4, 203 p.

 1943, A study of new methods for size analysis of suspended-sediment samples, in A study of methods used in 

measurement and analysis of sediment loads in streams: 

St. Anthony Falls Hydraulic Lab., Minneapolis, Minn., 

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Map 1-325.

BASIC DATA
N28 TRANSPORT OF RADIONUCLIDES BY STREAMS

TABLE 1. Concentrations of solute (dissolved) and paniculate radionuclides in composited water samples from the

Columbia River1

[In pic per lit

Date

Chromium-51 Zinc-65 Scandium-46 Antimony-124 Cobalt-58 Cobalt-60

1964

Jan. 13

Feb. 11

Feb. 26

Mar. 10

Mar. 24

Apr. 7

Apr. 21

May 5

May 22

May 27

June 5

June 12

June 19

June 26

July 3

July 9

July 16

July 24

July 31

Aug. 7

Aug . 14

Aug. 21

Aug. 28

Sept. 3

Sept. 11

Sept. 18

Sept. 25

Oct. 2

Oct. 9

Oct. 16

Oct. 23

Oct. 30

Nov. 6

Nov. 13

Nov. 20

Nov. 27

Dec. 4

Dec. 11

Dec. 18

Dec. 26

1965

Jan. 1

Jan. 8

Jan. 15

Jan. 22

Jan. 29

Feb. 5

Feb. 12

Feb. 19

Feb. 26

Mar. 5

Mar. 12

Mar. 23

Apr. 5

Apr. 17

May 1

May 15

May 29

June 12

June 26

July 11

July 26

Aug. 8

Aug. 20 

Sept. 3

Sept. 17

Oct. 1

Oct. 15

Oc t . 29

Nov. 12

Nov. 29

10,900

7,070

6,850

9,640

8,650

14,400

7,700

5,050

2,640

2,320

1,450

1,440

1,230

1,280

1,460

1,500

1,110

1,380

2,400

2,980

4,500

4,770

5,360

4,550

6,980

9,910

8,060

11,800

5,630

4,100

5,090

5,540

6,980

8,150

8,740

6,710

9,320

7,790

9,010

9,680

6,890

5,140

4,680

7,700

8,060

7,690

3,270

4,400

2,250

3,060

4,930

6,030

5,850

3,760

2,190

1,440

1,660

1,760

1,160

1,580

2,290

2,220

3,330

5,600

7,160

3,770

6,480

4,850 

5.550

631

608

532

3,040a

617

838

946

725

214

152

119

234

106

150

91.0

l,090a

85.1

102

191

236

259

784

233

617

443

1,140

482

4,820a

1,070

721

428

599

536

568

505

363

486

1,380

1,370

358

342

1,920

325

532

550

1,600

393

652

487

356

534

774

462

682

95.5

73.4

213

94.1

144

273

261

94.6

420

1,100

211

152

67.2

211

205

240

177

134

75.2

71.2

44.0

39.2

26.0

31.5

34.7

39.0

29.2

28.8

41.6

45.0

41.9

42.6

39.8

46.4

42.5

47.3

75.7

148

66.2

75.2

90.1

158

129

191

192

170

206

223

250

215

203

147

184

240

180

210

207

171

215

191

250

314

272

223

110

83.3

54.3

48.7

31.2

28.5

30.9

4.65

10.3

9.34

9.95

TO £

1Z . O

26.4

50.9

7S 7

17.0

58.1

26.4

108a

56.8

64.0

59.0

108

51.8

35.8

29.1

69.8

17.2

15.2

10.1

23.8

11.6

12.4

18.5

30.6

37.2

35.6

27.3

47.3

54.0

67.1

63.5

113a

41.0

40.0

34.3

31.9

26.6

38.6

26.6

25.4

25.9

34.7

50.0

65.3

33.5

45.9

15.5

26.7

54.1

94.6

41.7

34.3

O C £

J_> . O

33.5

47.7

76.6

£n n

D/ ./

62.6

59.0

21.1

19.6

26.7

17.7

19.9

27.0

41.0

38.0

57.6

87.1

PASCO,

10.3

5.27

4.29

7.30

9.10

8.78

5.72

4.95

1.80

1.86

1.39

1.34

1.01

1.19

1.53

2.27

1.58

1.65

1.89

2.27

2.72

2.52

2.00

2.28

2.75

3.46

3.36

5.99

2.14

2.35

3.05

3.04

3.32

4.09

4.64

3.47

3.83

4.95

6.08

6.22

5.72

5.41

6.31

8.51

5.18

6.94

4.95

5.54

5.41

5.59

6.04

6.89

6.04

4.55

2.79

1.94

1.78

1.79

1.31

1.00

1.47

.92

1.30

1.23

1.62

2.44

3.73

3.45

S.76

, WASH.

22.2

38.6

17.7

lOOa

41.5

59.0

45.9

47.3

20.3

13.5

9.14

12.3

6.67

7.07

6.26

24. 3 a

7.43

7.84

12.3

16.1

15.8

17.7

14.3

30.2

24.3

41.2

25.7

108a

26.8

23.4

21.3

18.2

17.4

19.5

17.9

12.9

16.8

28.9

45.5

19.3

17.0

60.4

13.4

20.8

22.7

68.2

19.2

22.3

23.9

25.4

17.9

29.9

39.4

29.8

38.8

9.33

7.44

10.9

6.95

13.8

10.7

15.2

11.6

17.2

26.9

6.76

3.06

2.46

4.26

5.05

7.97

6.62

4.95

3.21

3.28

2.45

2.02

1.32

1.67

1.61

1.61

1.74

1.34

1.90

2.95

2.72

2.86

2.67

2.50

3.56

5.81

4.64

6.76

2.70

1.80

2.79

3.38

3.76

4.50

4.73

4.04

4.05

5.45

4.95

6.40

4.08

3.20

3.10

5.36

6.58

7.57

6.53

8.96

8

nc

 UD 

7.03

10.5

14.6

5.77

10.3

5.27

4.28

4.05

2.68

2.42

2.59

3.29

2.42

3.97

4.60

4.47

5.66

7.79

5.66 

fi ss

0.40

.69

<.36

1.27 a

.28

.45

.61

.63

2.21a

<.13

.24

.19

.23

<.13

<.21

.5'6

<.12

.14

<.10

.35

.18

.23

.23

.45

.27

.31

.28

1.66a

.56

.30

.46

.18

.22

.30

.21

.09

.18

.41

.74

.25

.08

1.57

.09

.20

.27

1.17

.27

.77

<.05 

.77

.32

.77

1.17

.86

1.67

.22

.27

.29

.22

.92

.38

.69

.41

.84

.71

1.63

1.02

1.39

1.68

3.76

3.03

2.44

2.09

.53

.43

.18

.37

.43

.48

.55

.72

.37

.58

.71

1.06

1.37

1.59

1.86

1.93

2.07

2.17

1.86

2.48

.85

1.58

2.06

2.89

4.27

7.34

6.98

5.99

3.74

2.99

3.06

2.68

1.91

1.86

2.40

2.86

4.82

2.75

1.71

2.61

1.44

1.49

2.07

2.61

2.97

2.25

.95

1.04

.68

.61

.39

.39

.31

.41

.42

.60

1.35

. 68

1.31

1.46 

i m

1.18

1.96

4.91

4.40a

2.03

2.36

3.58

2.35

1.46

.66

1.34

.79

.45

.51

.29

1.30

.66

1.14

2.53

1.89

3.17

3.89

4.73

7.43

6.04

4.64

5.81

9.55 a

5.09

8.15

11.0

12.5

14.0

20.1

9.91

8.56

7.79

3.29

2.94

.93

1.47

1.30

.61

.92

1.31

1.71

1.49

.77

1.04

.41

.63

1.53

2.03

1.53

1.39

1.06

.97

1.03

1.09

2.19

2.09

1.39

1.00

2.43

1.66

1.14

1.17

1.92

1.81

1.63

1.45

1.19

.50

.50

.18

.20

.17

.27

.26

.22

.18

.22

.24

.32

.36

.45

.32

.50

.55

.85

.54

.76

.30

.20

.34

.47

.55

.76

.92

.97

1.05

1.30

1.41

1.43

1.41

1.08

1.25

1.49

1.49

1.35

1.44

1.35

1.35

1.53

1.76

2.39

1

AO . DZ

1.13

.50

.36

.19

.29

.29

.09

.11

.14

.16

.27

.68

.23

.48

.41

4.Q

0.46

2.00

.53

2.67'

1.38

1.52

1.65

2.52

2.39

1.49

1.12

2.05

.91

.75

.32

.65

.44

.38

.60

.81

1.07

1.05

1.17

1.61

1.63

2.27

2.00

3.61 £

1.46

1.45

1.75

1.46

1.26

1.68

1.11

1.03

1.02

.96

1.12

.56

.62

1.31

.39

.45

.64

.86

.90

.81

.50

.81

.59

1.67

1.26

1.17

.52

.43

.63

.42

.76

.67

1.08

1.02

1.28

1.95
RADIONUCLIDES IN TRANSPORT, COLUMBIA RIVER, WASHINGTON N29

TABLE 1. Concentrations of solute (dissolved) andparticulate radionuclides in composited water samples from the

Columbia River1 Continued

[In pica

Iron-59 Manganese-54 Barium-140

Zirconium-95- 

Niobium-95 Ruthenium-106 Cesium-137 Phosphorus-32

PASCO, WASH.

3.10 

1.14 

4.59 

1.45 

1.75 

5.45 

1.57 

.87 

.36 

.33 

.58 

.55 

1.22 

.85 

.98 

1.12 

.54 

.51 

.46 

.58 

.80 

.45 

.69 

.71 

1.05 

.52 

.90 

.89 

.52 

.57 

.40 

.51 

.57 

.62 

.50 

.56 

.77 

.95 

.80 

.85

.87 

1.01 

1.15 

1.34 

1.33 

1.94 

1.08 

1.80 

1.44 

2.79 

4.14 

3.11 

2.61 

.95 

.90 

.50 

.57 

1.08 

1.50 

.73 

.67 

.41 

<.02

<.02 

.87 

.76 

.75 

1.27

QA

14.0 

14.6 

10.2 

49. l a 

14.8 

18.1 

35.3 

14.5 

4.55 

1.09 

2.75 

3.14 

3.02 

3.92 

3.81 

18.4 

3.07 

3.54 

5.00 

6.40 

4.48 

13.5 

5.68 

13.2 

9.32 

20.0 

10.0 

10. la 

18.1 

14.4 

9.73 

9.95 

10.0 

10.4 

8.20 

6.26 

4.86 

15.1 

21.8 

4.64

6.08 

33.1 

5.68 

8.69 

7.30 

30.5 

6.35 

12.2 

9.32 

11.4 

8.78 

12.3 

17.4 

9.46 

15.4 

2.56 

2.39 

4.04 

4.32 

5.66 

6.47 

5.70 

.95

13.3 

28.2

6.13 

4.39 

4.30 

6.35 

6.13 

8.51 

5.23 

2.92 

1.39 

1.14 

.59 

.64 

.47 

.83 

.81 

1.00 

.64 

.51 

.81 

1.00 

.70 

.90 

.47 

.80 

.89 

1.08 

1.17 

2.30 

.89 

.89 

1.07 

1.41 

1.78 

3.14 

3.37 

3.46 

3.95 

5.05 

5.99 

6.08

5.27 

3.95 

4.32 

6.22 

4.82 

4.28 

4.37 

5.50 

4.32 

5.36 

6.98 

9.01 

5.99 

3.87 

2.30 

1.44 

1.25 

1.50 

1.47 

.57 

.79 

.29 

.55

.54 

.62 

.69 

1.36 

1.74

9 07

1.52 

5.09 

4.30 6.40a 

4.17 

4.55 

3.82 

6.35 

3.87 

2.99 

2.13 

3.05 

1.45 

1.37 

.99 

1.24 

1.18 

1.17 

1.61 

2.05 

2.87 

2.99 

2.69 

3.61 

4.77 

5.45 

6.26 

11.5* 

4.39 

3.80 

3.70 

3.41 

3.35 

4.19 

3.45 

3.01 

3.14 

3.16 

2.77 

1.65

1.61 

1.73 

.93 

1.82 

1.29 

2.07 

1.58 

1.22 

1.40 

1.44 

1.94 

2.03 

4.91 

2.79 

2.43 

1.21 

1.35 

1.50 

2.02 

2.02 

2.45 

3.03 

3.73

1.15 

10. 6a

16.5 

101 

29.1 

23.1 

6.71 

7.52 

2.97 

3.08 

2.41 

2.27 

2.45 

1.62 

7.21 

2.55 

7.52 

9.82 

7.79 

9.19 

9.32 

14.0 

11.3 

14.3 

22.7 

19.8 

27.0 

18.5 

20.6 

17.0 

31.0 

20.5 

17.4 

6.49 

13.9 

14.1 

14.5 

23.8

14.1 

15.5 

10.5 

20.5 

8.60

9.86 

13.6 

8.60 

8.38 

3.87 

5.81 

3.14 

3.21 

2.41 

2.64 

4.17 

6.30 

10.7

14.6 

43.9

<0.23 

27.7 

3.14 

1.06 

<1.16 

2.70 

18.3 

.53 

1.23 

<.95 

<1.36 

<.73 

<.71 

.80 

.90 

<.36 

.64 

.34 

<.36 

1.94 

.48 

1.23 

1.59 

10. 6a 

4.46 

4.24 

2.31 

.75 

1.46 

3.66 

.25 

.17 

.29 

3.20 

14.8 

6.94

4.73 

15.8 

.47 

.26 

2.35

<.05 

4.41 

.50 

.45 

4.58 

4.58 

.21 

.34 

<.02 

.26 

.07 

.19 

.18

<.02 

<.02

1.68 

1.03 

4.91 

1.87 

2.53 

4.08 

2.44 

1.48 

.65 

.64 

.32 

.43 

.24 

.28 

.16 

.36 

.34 

.28 

.55 

.68 

.52 

.69 

.52 

.80 

.53 

.76 

1.10 

1.46 

1.49 

1.21 

1.39 

1.28 

3.64 

1.89 

1.31 

.92 

1.08 

.54 

.90 

1.18

2.02 

1.03 

1.08 

1.25 

1.04 

1.17

2.52 

.95 

1.22 

1.08 

1.40 

2.21 

1.17 

.59 

.63 

.18 

.25 

<.02 

.16 

.31 

.27 

.35

.46 

.31 

1.39 

.69 

.80 5-7

--Continued

2.58 

2.99 

5.59 

20. 7 a 

6.35 

50.9 

11.3 

90.5 

2.01 

5.23 

14.0 

5.90 

2.06 

.70 

.27 

2.08 

1.09 

.63 

3.68 

1.67 

2.68 

.96 

.92 

4.14 

2.80 

1.85 

5.23 

24. 8a 

7.52 

12.3 

7.75 

3.76 

7.66 

8.11 

3.12 

5.59 

3.18 

5.63 

11.9 

5.14

10.9 

11.4 

2.05 

2.80 

2.71 

2.57 

1.58 

3.20 

2.97 

9.46 

14.9 

2.03 

6.53 

5.18 

1.71 

3.36 

.35 

.45 

.24 

1.99 

.51 

1.23 

2.50

59.1 

8.71

3.02 

3.40 

4.00 

3.34 

2.33 

25.7 

2.08 

3.27 

6.89 

2.24 

2.29 

.29 

2.75 

2.27 

3.30 

2.34 

2.90 

1.98 

2.72 

2.65 

2.95 

3.46 

3.18 

2.29 

2.48 

2.46 

2.58 

4.07 

2.76 

2.78 

2.57 

2.91 

2.59 

2.92 

2.76 

2.45 

2.71 

2.73 

1.78 

2.20

3.35 

1.66 

2.04

2.09 

1.17 

.77 

1.67 

1.85 

1.62 

1.67 

1.85 

4.91 

1.31 

1.35 

.95 

1.01 

1.25 

1.30 

.74 

.87 

.90 

1.20

1.23 

1.95 

1.46 

1.39 

1.38

1 SA

1.43 

** TA

QQ _, ...

QC

.75 .....

.67 

.99 

co _

.67 --

.95 .....

.49 

75 .....

.55 ..... 

.35 .....

<.55 

co ...

<.65 -----

<.27 ------ 

<.74 --

<.60 -----

2.17a 

<.55 -----

<.48 -----

<.55 

<.59 

^ c o . .

<.26 -----

<.29 

<.51 -----

<.40 

<.73 

.70 ~

<.45 -- 

<.63 

<.66 

<.03 

<.02 

<.02 

<.02 

.bo

72 

<.03 

. Oi

<.03 -----

v. Lr-r

 Uo

<.02 34.6 -- 

.09 20.6 

<.02 16.6 

<.02 17.8 -----

<.02 10.1 -----

.09 0.70 0.59 23.9 -- 

1.27 1.46 <.02 58.0 

1.35 2.23 1.75 128 

 .57 37.30 35.3

 1.09 24.50 28.9

 1.85 146 21.0 

----- 3.27 174 13.9
N30 TRANSPORT OF RADIONUCLIDES BY STREAMS

TABLE 1. Concentrations of solute (dissolved) and particulate radionuclides in composited water samples from the

Columbia River1 Continued

Chromium- 51 Zinc-65 Scandium-46 Antimony-124 Cobalt-58 Cobalt-60

Date

PASCO, WASH. --Continued

1965

Dec. 10 

Dec. 27

1966

Jan. 10 

Jan. 24 

Feb. 7 

Feb. 21 

Mar. 7 

Mar. 21 

Apr. 4 

Apr.- 18 

May 2 

May 16 

May 30 

June 13 

June 27 

July 8 

July 8 

July 9 

July 10 

July 10 

July 11 

July 12 

July 13 

July 15 

July 18 

July 21 

July 26 

July 27 

July 29 

Aug. 1-3-5 

Aug. 9-11-12 

Aug. 15-17-19 

Aug. 22 

Aug. 24 

Aug. 25 

Aug. 26 

Aug. 29 

Sept. 1 

Sept. 12

1965

May 15 

May 29 

June 13 

June 27 

July 12 

July 22 

Aug. 9 

Aug. 20 

Sept. 3 

Sept. 17 

Oct. 1 

Oct. 15 

Oct. 29 

Nov. 12 

Nov. 26 

Dec. 9 

Dec. 27

1966

Jan. 10 

Jan. 24 

Feb. 7 

Feb. 21 

Mar. 7 

Mar. 21

4,750 

4,930

4,030 

5,700 

3,640 

3,160 

4,760 

6,020 

5,920 

3,220 

1,710 

2,260 

1,190 

873 

1,360 

871 

737 

77.9 

51.8 

40.5 

27.9 

25.7 

17.1 

22.5 

10.4 

9.91 

11.3 

49.5« 

3.15 

12.6 

7.66 

3.60 

4.95 

22.1 

326 

1,010 

4,090 

4,510 

4,780

684 

589 

530

1,650 

1,730 

2,310 

3,230 

3,460 

2,590 

2,650 

2,530 

3,230 

2,390

2,360

2,660 

2,300 

3,150 

1,870 

2,900 

2,490

421 

199

341 

188

320 

409 

171 

216

219 

146 

58.6 

67.1 

45.5 

88.3 

141 

22.1 

105 

11.3 

12.6 

7.66 

6.76 

5.41 

4.05 

6.31

3.15 

16.7

100 

95.9 

182 

230 

342

68.0 

56.8 

88.7 

100

107 

104 

140

151

168 

184

120 

66.2 

109

185 

86.0 

146 

109 

108 

114

80.1 

114

107 

128 

123 

120 

162 

193 

168 

76.0 

58.6 

66.8 

38.1 

23.4 

21.0 

24.9 

32.2 

11.3 

12.7 

10.7 

9.28 

10.4 

5.54 

5.50 

4.14 

3.92 

2.84 

1.04 

2.48 

1.26 

1.08 

.54 

2.30 

1.22 

2.48 

8.11 

14.0 

27.7 

20.7

30.2 

14.0 

12.4

3.68 

1.26 

2.40 

3.45 

2.11 

.74 

1.80 

2.16 

4.59 

9.23

35.0

30.5 

33.6 

56.4 

53.5 

50.8 

37.2

24.4 

13.1

18.9 

18.3

24.8 

32.6 

38.9 

96.0

89.7 

55.3 

41.1 

24.5 

19.2 

29.5 

33.3 

14.4 

10.9 

11.1 

8.33 

7.30 

5.59 

4.64 

3.06 

3.51 

3.33 

2.30 

2.07 

3.60 

6.62 

4.01 

1.98 

2.25 

22.0 

37.6 

61.0 

53.2 

78.2

19.4 

19.9 

17.7 

20.1

26.4 

23.8 

20.0

15.4

15.2 

12.5

12.0 

9.5 

11.7

13.9 

15.9 

14.5 

13.2 

27.3 

39.6

5.02 

6.17

5.89 

8.75 

7.55 

7.27 

9.19 

10.1 

9.20 

4.86 

3.24 

2.98 

3.73 

1.81 

1.76 

1.68 

2.27 

.42 

.57 

.69 

.48 

.62 

.31 

.19 

.21 

.19 

.25 

.09 

.08 

.14 

.16 

.12 

.14 

.21 

.18 

1.10 

1.49 

1.27 

1.64

UMATILLA,

0.60 

.39 

.30

.42 

.33 

.32 

.29 

.30 

.29 

.39 

.61 

.99 

1.12

2.15

2.13 

2.34 

3.69 

3.31 

2.50 

2.17

19.5 

9.57

11.6 

12.8

18.8 

24.9 

16,1 

24.3

22.9 

19.2 

11.4 

11.7 

6.26 

9.37 

14.0 

3.64 

2.78 

2.83 

2.35 

2.09 

1.64 

1.21 

.94 

1.43 

.07 

.41 

.50 

.97 

1.36 

1.07 

1.08 

.57 

8.52 

11.8 

14.7 

17.0 

43.8

OREG.

5.32 

3.97 

4.07 

4.61

5.25 

5.74 

4.28

3.18

3.82 

6.41

6.09 

4.16 

4.95

4.60 

5164 

8.15 

6.26 

7,23 

7.25

4.98 

5.62

4.13 

6.14 

5.45 

3.89 

7.01 

9.40 

9.82 

5.36 

5.54 

4.27 

7.53 

2.51 

3.78 

2.31 

5.30 

.12 

.06 

.02 

<.02 

.02 

.17 

.05 

<.02 

.04 

.38 

.17 

.03 

.08 

.08 

.05 

.09 

<.02 

.39 

3.32 

8.05 

8.95 

6.02

2.17 

1.43 

1.32

2.83 

2.58 

3.08 

4.23 

4.08 

3.64 

4.36 

3.48 

4.60 

2.81

3.03

2.95 

2.74 

4.10

2.44 

4.65 

4.09

0.10 

.11

.14 

<.02

.05 

.48 

<.02 

.22

.21 

.14 

.16 

.63 

.45 

.17 

.25 

.03 

<.02 

.02 

<.02 

<.02 

<.02 

.03 

<.02 

<.02 

<.02 

<.02 

<.02 

.03 

.06 

<.02 

<.02 

<.02 

.29 

.18 

.35 

.49 

.78

0.11 

.14 

.12 

.14

.07 

.13 

.13

.09

.03 

<.02

<.02 

<.02 

.04

<.02 

<.02 

<.02 

.05 

.09 

.02

1.09 

1.80

1.71 

2.13 

2.24 

2.61 

1.77 

2.38 

2.98 

2.16 

1.76 

.95 

<.05 

.50 

.86 

.42 

.36 

.14 

.14 

.13 

.10 

.08 

<.05 

.08 

.03 

.06 

.07 

.05 

.05 

.03 

.04 

.18 

.14 

.11 

.16 

.73 

.86 

.95 

.41

0.45 

.28 

.23

.51 

.28 

.34 

.31 

.28 

.27 

.33 

.25 

.26 

.25

.59

.45 

.55 

1.16 

.88 

.66 

.41

1.08 

.83

.66 

.74

.88 

.48 

.67 

1.30

1.58 

1.27 

2.58 

.98 

1.55 

1.90 

1.96 

.81 

.54 

.58 

.37 

.38 

,35 

.22 

.18 

.20 

.18 

<.05 

<.05 

.28 

.52 

.83 

<.05 

<.05 

.44 

2.18 

1.99 

1.55 

2.30

0.87 

.29 

.29 

.55

.59 

.68 

.61

.36

.48 

.39

.40 

.18 

.55

.43 

.54 

.51 

.47 

.72 

.58

0.57 

.96

.87 

1.02 

.87 

1.27 

1.64 

1.59 

1.86 

1.38 

1.22 

.52 

1.23 

.14 

.18 

.15 

.13 

.08 

.05 

.05 

.03 

.05 

.05 

<.02 

<.02 

<.02 

.02 

.02 

<.02 

.04 

<.02 

.04 

.10 

.06 

.09 

.18 

.20 

.28 

.17

0.14 

.12 

.15

.12 

.08 

.14 

.10 

.06 

.10 

.08 

.04 

.04 

<.02

.27

.25 

.19 

.49 

.52 

.35 

.28

0.90 

.57

.52 

.52

.62 

.50 

.*6 

1.31

1.29 

1.31 

.76 

.92 

.52 

1.56 

.62 

.54 

.28 

.34 

,25 

.20 

.21 

.22 

.14 

.16 

.15 

.11 

.11 

.20 

.25 

.34 

.16 

,03 

.52 

1.08 

1.59 

1.35 

1.42

0.35 

.30 

.29 

.38

.37 

.48 

.48

.40

.42 

.51

.42 

.27 

.35

.32 

.31 

.32 

.28 

.73 

.58
RADIONUCLIDES IN TRANSPORT, COLUMBIA RIVER, WASHINGTON N31

TABLE 1* Concentrations of solute (dissolved) andparticulate radionuclides in composited water samples from the

Columbia River1 Continued

Iron-59 Manganese-54 Barium-140

Zirconium-95- 

Niobium-95 Ruthenium-106 Cesium-137 Phosphorus-32

1.01 

1.81

.04 

2.87

<.05

1.35 

2.70

1.93 

.32

1 ftfl

4.03

1.40

.13

. / O

<.05

1.10

.10

.02

.14

.05

<.05

<.05

.09

.15

<.02

<.05 

1.04

<.05

<.05

.13

.11

.15

.02

1.02

2.17

0.27 

.52

.17

.10 

<.02 

<.02

O A

.33 

.60

<.05 

.08 

.19 

.05

.06

.06 

.20

.27 

.65

.51 

.17

8.79 

5.22

5.86 

<.05

11.6 

6.01

5.71

7.77

4.00

2.95

3.05

1.79

.37

.67

<.05

<.05

<.05

.17

<-05

<.05

<.05

.06

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

1.00

<.05

<^.05

<.05

<0.05

1.16

<.05

.93

1.40 

1.31

1.41

2.84

.06 

<.02

2.99

3.47 

3.71

2.44 

1.57

2.86

.67 

2.20

2.05

5.44

2.12 

1.21

2.58 

3.75

3.19 

5.22

4.10

4.62

7.85

7.45

3.33

1.99

1.32

.46

. OJ

.60

.27

.09

.12

.06

.23

.05

.05

. Io

.17

.10

<.02

. Uo

 vt

.14

.07 

.14

.13

.14

.45

.24

0.76

£Q

.63

.32

.23 

.22 

.63

.14 

.02

.09 

.05 

.27 

.27

1.26

1.10 

.89

1 . OJ

1.73

1.51 

1.39

3.63 

1.58

1.70 

1.38

1.95 

2.37

3.37

3.48

1.53

1.39

.72

1.74

1.63

.77

.57

.45

.53

.42

 JO

.37

. to

.36

.30

.29

.23

 JO

1 . lo

.44

.42

.21

. lo

4.14

4.23

5.13

0.50

.66 

.52

1.45 

2.12 

2.29

1.96

2.33 

2.11

1.49

I

ftQ

1.23

1.17 

1.20

1.02 

.95

2.23 

2.45

PASCO, WASH.-

 <0.02 

 <<02

 <02 

 i02

 .02

 .02

 .02 

 .02

 .02

 .02

 .02

 .02

 .02

 .02

 .-.02

 .25

 <-02

 < .02

 <.02

 <.02

 .02

 <.02

 <.02

 .06

 .05

 . 12

 <.02

 .. 16

 <>02

 .09

 <> 02

 <.02

 . 12

 <.02

 .-.02

 <.02

 <.02

UMATILLA, OREG.

1.44 1.39 0.07

1.50 .82 .06 

.48 .26 <.02

 .09 

2.26 .14 <.02 

5.65 <.02 .09 

5.02 .69 .47

6.88 .41 

8.09 <.02 <.02 

10.1 .03

 .06 

 .08 

 .20 

 .35

 <>02

 <.02 

 <<02

 .-.02 

 .63

 <.02 

 <.02

-Continued

6.07 

.59

3.63 

1.03

2.29

.84

16.0

.66

44.8

<.02

<.02

.12

<.02

<.02

<.02

<.02

<.02

<.02

<.02

<.02

<.02

.10

.12

<.02

<.02

<.02

<.02

14.5

<.02

<.02

<.02

.64

3.25

.90

.29

--Continued

1.73

.70 

.39

.65

.75 

<.02 

3.42

1.14

.45 

.86

1.07 

.41

.24

.73 

.34

.45 

1.58

.39 

.21

1.79 

1.71

1.46 

2.27

1.97 

1.64

2.30

1.09 

1.31

.93

1 S Sa

.55

.99

1.06

.16

.20

.35

.39

 £ o

1.71

.24

.16

.23

.30

.29

.41

.05

.11

.09

.29

.05

.31

.64

.57

1.03

0.93

1.01 

.99

.51 

.95 

1.05

1.09 

.92

O7

1.14 

.90 

1.05 

.77

1.11

.96 

1.01

1.30 

.63

1.13 

1.04

0.55 

.23

<.05 

.06

.60

.23 

.86

<.05

.95

1 fi

<.05

1.55

. OO

.07

.24

.16

<.05

.05

.07

<.05

<.05

.11

.15

<.05

.09

<.05

.12 

9.14a

<.05

<.05

<.05

.23

.29

.45

.57

<.05

0.36 

.15

.33

.60

.30

.35

.43

.26

.17 

.30

.26 

.30

.16

.20 

.09

.30 

.32

O/L

.56

2.86 

3.59

3.61 

4.20

6

"5*>

4.86

5.44

5.66 

5.32

2.59

2.21

2.01

on

.75

.91

1.40

£-3

.56 

.52

.47

.70

<.05 

.30

.48

.42

.33

<.05

<.05

.24

<.05

<.05

.19

.24

.44 

.48

.75

.77

 

0.32 

.42 

.91

.21 

.07

.24 

.25 

.36 

.55

1.39

1.31 

1.23

2.40

2

/\£

1.50

<0.05 

.29

<.05 

.36

<.05

<.05 

1.25

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05 

1.12

1.03 

.54

.33

*> £

.23

.20

<.05

.27 

<.05

<.05

<.05

.12

1.64

<.05

<.05

<.05

.59

1.59

<.05

 

1.67 

.07

.30

.53 

.28

.23 

.23

.32

.34 

.53

<.05 

.64

.94 

1.64

. 190 

132

96.4 

121

79.5

174

23.4

0 £ C

40.5

12.3

*) £ Q

13.3

10.8

5.75 

10.8

7 fll

15.8 

19.2

13.3 

26.5 

29.1 

47.8 

97.3

46.5

43.2 

64.1

46.1

76.5

13.2 

9.46

15.1 

14.9

33.6

27.0

17.4

 

-----

3.24

27.6 

15.4 

12.6 

3.92

3

09

2.70

1.49 

4.64

-----

8.87
N32 TRANSPORT OF RADIONUCLIDES BY STREAMS

TABLE 1. Concentrations of solute (dissolved) and particulate radionuclides in composited water samples from the

Columbia River1 Continued

[In plcoeuri.es per liter of water]

Chromium-51 Zinc-65 Scandium-46 Antimony-124 Cobalt-58 Cobalt-60

Date

UMATILLA, OREG. --Continued

1966

Apr. 4

Apr. 18

May 2

May 16

May 30

June 13 

June 27

July 8

July 11

July 11

July 12

July 12

July 13

July 14

July 15

July 18

July 21

July 25

July 27 

July 29

Aug. 1-3-5

Aug. 6-10-12

Aug. 15-17-19

Aug. 27

Aug. 28

Aug. 29

Aug. 31

Sept. 3

Sept. 5-7-9

Sept. 12-14-16

Sept. 25

1964

Jan. 13

Feb. 10

Feb. 24

Mar. 9

Mar. 23

Apr. 6

Apr. 20

Apr. 24

May 1

May 8

May 15

May 22

May 29

June 5

June 12

June 19

June 26

July 1

July 9

July 16

July 23

July 30

Aug. 12

Aug. 19

Aug. 26

Sept. 2

Sept. 9

Sept. 16

Sept. 23

Sept. 30

Oct. 7

Oct. 14

Oct. 21

Oct. 28

2,140

2,050

1,780

1,420

984

576 

1,100

801

609

264

93.7

66.2

32.0

17.1

14.9

10.4

8.56

7.21

10.4

<2

6.31

9.46

6.76

1,720

1,210

1,900

2,790

2,860

3,020

2,510

2,670

5,000

3,720

3,950

2,820

3,320

3,270

2,610

2,270

2,330

2,180

1,780

1,300

1,320

946

802

716

856

905

1,160

869

977

1,790

1,610

2,640

2,720

2,640

2,790

2,100

3,260

3,680

3,680

3,220

3,110

2,230

93.7

111

77.9

106

62.2

72.1 

119

87.8

68.9

39.2

45.5

79.7

55.0

36.9

47.7

33.8

14.4

3.15

18.0

13.5

23.4

6.76

91.0

91.4

95.9

86.9

82.9

291

234

138

209

111

184

156

139

151

144

123

146

153

156

252

230

165

214

160

280

147

127

87.4

70.3

74.8

60.8

84.7

97.3

77.0

79.7

43.1

101

108

120

183

135

95.9

24.9

10.0

11.4

12.9

6.04

4.32 

2.48

2.70

2.70

1.98

2.52

2.52

1.62

1.35

1.22

1.35

1.71

.90

,72

.86

.36

.54

.45

1.35

3.11

2.66

2.39

2.52

2.61

1.71

3.69

12.5

12.3

12.0

7.75

2.94

6.89

7.43

3.92

4.39

2.83

4.73

4.27

3.84

5.54

2.71

1.97

2.22

2.40

1.25

1.74

1.38

.95

1.53

1.52

2.59

1.90

1.68

1.62

1.55

1.58

2.13

1.61

4.64

2.49

37.5

37.5

34.7

36.3

42.1

36.6 

40.6

36.7

35.5

30.0

34.4

23.8

33.2

22.4

24.2

25.5

15.5

16.3

15.2

15.6

9.10

13.8

7.79

14.8

16.1

19.8

20.4

19.1

19.6

16.6

19.2

23.5

28.5

20.5

16.1

25.7

27.3

34.1

32.2

30.7

40.0

54.1

82.4

62.2

61.3

26.9

38.8

35.2

30.6

31.0

23.0

23.1

19.6

15.6

18.8

13.0

8.29

7.75

8.83

9.37

8.83

13.7

13.0

13.3

9.46

2.42

1.38

1.94

.75

2.10

.90 

.83

.55

.44

.25

.19

.20

.18

.12

.14

.09

.07

.08

.07

.06

.05

.09

.05

.36

.38

.53

.53

.55

.34

.24

.30

VANCOUVER,

0.86

.76

.77

.57

.80

.97

1.19

.86

1.34

1.05

1.19

.64

.65

.51

.46

.38

.37

.39

.45

.39

.36

.30

.38

.44

.36

.31

.21

.35

.36

.35

.50

.42

.42

.36

6.44

7.76

6.37

9.30

8.16

10.7 

17.4

7.41

9.10

4.88

6.41

7.07

5.98

4.45

4.60

9.65

2.50

2.94

2.49

4.07

1.58

1.92

.79

2.93

2'. 91

3.52

3.72

3.32

2.70

2.97

3.46

WASH.

8.29

5.45

5.77

3.51

5.00

6.49

6.98

6.35

7.43

8.92

10.5

14.2

13.6

11.3

7.75

7.25

10.6

7.88

6.62

5.81

4.77

4.49

3.25

3.65

3.48

1.92

1.88

2.68

2.55

1.90

2.94

4.19

3.38

3.05

4.41

4.10

4.08

3.30

6.98

1.63 

2.84

1.94

1.20

.44

.17

.17

.13

.05

.05

.04

.03

<.02

<.02

.13

<.02

.02

<.02

5.87

4.43

5.67

5.38

6.13

5.23

4.08

5.25

1.77

1.89

1.85

1.36

2.03

1.82

2.11

2.08

2.54

2.30

2.47

1.64

1.67

1.54

1.54

1.09

1.35

1.23

1.45

1.18

1.16

1.09

1.66

2.41

2.14

2.32

1.92

1.67

2.44

2.80

2.89

2.34

1.82

1.42

0.07

.80a

<.02

.09

.27

.67

.06

.05

.05

.07

.05

.04

.01

.20

.45

<.02

.03

<.02

<.02

<.02

<.02

<.02

.04

.06

.06

.02

.03

<.02

<.02

.06

<0.38

<.27

<.39

<.34

<.08

<.10

<.09

<.03

<.14

.07

.15

.14

.10

.16

<.14

<.13

.27

.19

<.10

<.10

<.09

<.09

<.ll

<.09

<.09

<.09

<.ll

.07

<.10

<.05

<.03

<.04

<.03

<.03

0.53

.17

.39

.24

<.05 

.13

.15

.23

.27

.14

.19

.25

.23

.14

.12

.06

.04

.04

.11

<.05

.02

.08

.18

.25

.32

.42

.29

.09

<.05

.31

.27

<0.18

<.14

<.13

.19

<.13

.20

<.07

<.06

.14

.08

<.08

.06

.06

.08

<.06

.10

<.05

<.06

<.06

.06

.11

.06

<.08

<.07

.26

.28

.29

.31

.33

.26

.18

.14

.35

.28

0.69

1.21

.57

.79

1.05 

<.05

1.44

.82

.67

.42

.46

.46

.45

.49

.36

.32

.31

.10

<.05

<.05

.23

.23

.18

.34

.36

.45

.45

.34

.27

.42

.45

1.25

<.31

<.38

<.23

.19

.39

.35

.31

.65

.82

.69

.99

.83

.77

1.07

.72

.67

.60

.99

.58

.74

.75

.61

.56

.52

.50

.49

.66

.56

.42

.36

.46

.63

.58

0.20

.28

.19

.08

.99 

.15

.18

.16

.21

.17

.IS

.27

.14

.06

.11

.08

.03

.05

.04

<.02

.04

.05

.05

.10

.12

.10

.11

.13

.09

.09

.05

0.12

.07

.09

.09

.11

.09

.07

.07

.07

.09

.13

.05

.04

.05

.03

.06

.04

.04

.03

.02

.04

.05

.07

.12

.13

.14

.10

.10

.13

.11

.14

.06

.11

.08

0.65

.99

.75

.85

.86 

1.07

1.18

.82

.70

.50

.77

.62

.78

.55

.67

.67

.38

.40

.36

.34

.26

.44

.37

.39

.36

.36

.36

.41

.49

.49

.61

0.66

.46

.33

.29

.42

.46

.60

.55

.04

.96

1.36

2.14

2.21

1.86

1.51

1.09

.94

.81

.79

.57

.58

.46

.27

.36

.23

.23

.17

.31

.26

.27

.31

.36

.36

.26
RADIONUCLIDES IN TRANSPORT, COLUMBIA RIVER, WASHINGTON N33

TABLE 1. Concentrations of solute (dissolved) and particulate radionuclides in composited water samples from the

Columbia River1 Continued

[In picocur

Iron-59 Manganese-54 Barium-140 Zirconium-95- 

Nlobium-95 Ruthenium-106 Cesium-137 Phosphorus-32

UMATILLA, OREG.--Continued

0.18

.23

.30

1.05

1.27

.23

.32

.14

.05

<.05

<.05

.07

<.05

.37

.15

.04

<.05

.13

<.05

<.02

.13

.16

.18

.11

.25

.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

<.05

0.29

<.05

<.02

1.19 

1.01 

<.05

.78

.12 

c.05

.35 

1.91 

<.05

.46 

<.05 

1.32

.26 

<.05 

1.24

.62 

<.05

.45

.68

.95 

<.02

.49 

<.05

0.96 

.49 

.45 

.79

1.01 

.69 

.42 

.70 

.78 

.68 

.72 

.77 

.47 

.21 

.24 

.37 

.16 

.17

<.02 

.05 

.05 

.07

<.02 

.07 

.14 

.07 

.09 

.06 

.05

<.02

<.02

1.47

43

29

38

15

12

12

04

.96

.77

1.17

1.07

1.44

1.52

1.55

1.51

1.49

2.37

1.81

2.27

0.03 0.05 0.75 0.43 0.98 1.33 -

.20 <.02 <.05 .17 <.05 1.36 43.5 -

.05 <.02 .76 .50 .55 1.23 25.6 -

<.02 .04 .83 .60 .71 1.44 34.2 -

.82 <.02 14.6a <.05 .72 <.05 25.5 -

.09 <.02 .23 <.05 <.05 <.05 5.27 18.3

.11 .41 .55 3.36a <.05 .16 19.6 24.4

.36 .65 .39 .50 .27 1.27 12.7

.12 .46 .32 .46 .28 1.56 26.0

<.02 1.31 .18 .48 .31 1.13 -

.06 .03 .12 .36 .46 1.50 -

.07 .52 .14 .12 .42 <.05 -

<.02 .58 .13 .36 .17 .98 -

<.02 <.02 .15 .31 .16 .67 -

.03 .14 .14 .28 .14 .67 

.13 .39 .14 <.05 .27 <.05 -

.06 .50 .18 .42 .30 .54 -

.09 .31 .17 .17 <.05 <.05 -

.08 <.02 .23 .96 .11 <.05 -

.24 .74 .18 1.26 <.05 <.05 -

.05 .25 .23 .07 .12 .20 -

<.02 <.02 .04 .08 .16 .38 -

<.02 <.02 <.05 .23 .13 .75 -

.13 <.02 .51 .07 .10 .41 -

.03 .18 .48 .15 .23 .50 -

.11 <.02 .38 .18 .17 .50 

.09 .08 .26 .17 .12 .61 

.15 <.02 <.05 .20 <.05 .51 -

.16 .99 .59 .09 <.05 .75 -

<:02 <.02 .45 .14 .12 .39 -

<.02 .04 .41 .20 .09 .45 

VER, WASH. Conl

0.87 1.77 3.32 2.07

.62 .37 2.34 .45

.65 .61 2.16 .51

1.12 6.26a 2.59 .73

.53 .82 2.00 <.32

.44 1.36 2.20 1.00

.46 1.33 3.56 1.02

.36 1.08 2.72 1.00

.64 2.10 3.55 1.91

.46 1.99 2.79 .99

.44 1.57 2.86 3.85

.25 1.98 2.76 1.66

.25 1.81 2.98 .96

.23 1.77 2.95 1.18

.23 .45 3.10 .77

.05 2.45 2.76 1.36

.12 .92 2.55 1.16

.19 .71 2.50 1.47

.22 .80 2.18 .73

.12 .77 2.21 .93

.21 1.26 2.10 .64

.14 .47 2.14 .77

.23 .56 2.30 .45

.26 .42 2.24 .28

.16 .59 2.18 .53

.09 .26 2.07 .54

.05 .28 2.16 .41

.22 .25 2.01 .15

.16 .32 2.26 .30

.18 .27 2.39 .25

.23 .51 2.13 .38

.16 .72 1.78 .23

.13 .58 1.82 .30

.22 .43 1.88 .18

VANCOUVER, WASH. Continued

.86 

.23 

.88 

.09 

.31 

.70 

.39 

.31 

.74 

.45 

.17 

.19 

.36 

.16 

.33 

.09 

.24 

.35 

.40 

.34 

.40 

.28 

.18 

.23 

.20 

.05 

.23 

.13 

.30 

.30 

.32 

.12 

.16 

.43

4.82

4.36

55

87

68

57

01

68

18

34

59

2.37

3.51

3.14

5.81

3.94

2.69

2.42

.74

.62

.38

.14

.27

.87

1.17

.58

.89

.73

1.08

2.56

1.34

1.18

0.22 

.28 

.35 

.27 

.14 

.21 

.22 

.17 

.26 

.18 

.27 

.22 

.16 

.17 

.11 

.07 

.08 

.12 

.12 

.11 

.12 

.10 

.11 

.09 

.09 

.10

<.05 

.12 

.05 

.07 

.17 

.07 

.11 

.14

1.52

1.40

1.20

1.08

1.36

1.49

2.75

01

90

75

57

37

24

18

.82

.75

.99

.94

.79

.81

.76

.98

.95

.18

.29

.22

.91

18

86

06

97

69

50

53

1.43

1.14

.98

.53

.46

.37

.86

.99

.76

1.14

.95

2.22

2.31

87

19

87

06

69

01

4.32

2.33

2.98

2.06

<0.15

.65

<.25

.21

.61

.78

.63

.59

.50

.58

<1.61

.76

<.71

<1.03

<.71

<.57

<.46

<.43

<.40

<.28

.43

.29

<.56

.09

<.51

.34

.34

.18

.27

.23
N34 TRANSPORT OF RADIONUCLIDES BY STREAMS

TABLE 1. Concentrations of solute (dissolved) and paniculate radionuclides in composited water samples from the

Columbia River1 Continued

[In plcocur

Date

Chromium-51 Zinc -65 Scandium-46 Antimony- 124 Cobalt-58 Cobalt-60

VANCOUVER, WASH. Continued

1964

Nov. 4

Nov. 11

Nov. 18

Nov. 25

Dec. 2

Dec. 9

Dec. 16

Dec. 23

Dec. 29

1965

Jan. 6

Jan. 13

Jan. 20

Jan. 27

Feb. 3 

Feb. 10

Feb. 17

Feb. 25

Mar. 3

Mar. 10

Mar. 20

Apr. 3

Apr. 17

May 1

May 15

May 28

June 11

June 26

July 12

July 23

Aug. 6

Aug. 20 

Sept. 3

Sept. 17

Oct. 1

Oct. 15

Oct. 29

Nov. 12

Nov. 26

Dec. 10

Dec. 27

1966 

Jan. 10

Jan. 24

Feb, 7

Feb. 21

Mar. 7

Mar. 21

Apr. 4

Apr. 18

May 2

May 16

May 30

June 13

June 27

July 8

July 14

July 14

July 15

July 15

July 16

July 17

July 19

July 22

July 26

T.ilw 7<J

2,450

2,450

3,020

3,230

3,210

3,680

3,490

2,310

1,270

2,350

2,790

2,370

1,950

1,750

1,620 

1,600

1,760

1,770

1,410

2,000

2,490

1,980

1,050

876

797

927

698

545

1,230

1,420

1,570 

2,090

2,560

1,900

2,280

1,300

1,920

2,780

3,660

1,600

1,810

1,760

2,250

1,660

1,820

1,600

1,910

1,570

1,670

1,170

1,020

555

1,000

755

683

651

247

146

46.4

22.5

13.1

11.3

7.21

7 AA

95.0

96.8

107

103

118

122

223

265

86.9

151

343

153

121

178

188

104

112

150

133

143

218

203

144

131

139

112

99.1

87.4

96.8

76.6

82.4

69.4

25.2

63.5

81.5

86.5

143

105

72.1

77.0

101

81.5

74.3

96.4

93.2

93.2

89.6

74.8

85.1

102

82.9

73.9

72.5

55.4

56.3

52.3

57.7

19.8

28.8

28.4

4.20

6.94

6.53

11.4

20.0

25.8

18.5

17.4

2.73

7.07

10.3

13.2

11.8

2.12

6.35

14.2

21.5

20.3

24.1

21.2

30.0

15.7

5.16

4.75

3.84

2.89

2.77

1.63

1.30

.91

1.10 

.91

2.62

.50

.63

.95

1.04

1.98

5.36

7.43

13.1

22.3

20.0

16.1

13.1

14.3

8.38

3.69

4. '14

3.06

3.06

1.58

1.80

1.53

2.79

2.03

1.76

1.58

1.13

1.44

1.44

1.22

QQ

10.2

12.3

11.9

14.5

19.4

23.7

32.4

34.0

38.6

39.2

49.5

30.5

38.5

51.4

37.1

43.1

39.8

37.0

39.5

57.2

65.3

53.3

37.8

35.1

34.0

33.0

35.6

20.3

13.6

9.56

5.88

6.26

5.05

4.23

5.59

7.34

8.78

9.73

13.8

15.0

15.4

17.8

24.1

33.2

27.0

31.2

38.6

47.8

47.9

41.4

28.3

28.9

28.9

24.3

25.1

22.7

21.9

17.7

15.5

12.7

in »

0.45

.56

.58

.77

.95

1.00

.72

.87

.36

.78

.86

.94

.92

.45

.90 

.99

1.26

1.22

.95

1.22

1.31

.72

.59

.51

.44

.27

.27

.19

.20

.22

.12

.14

.18

.12

.16

.22

.36

.44

.76

.73

.75 

.89

1.69

1.47

1.05

.97

1.45

1.49

.80

1.01

1.56

.59

.53

.39

.22

.23

.15

.16

.09

.07

.09

.07

.05

rtc

3.06

2.99

2.86

2.91

3.96

4.43

4.31

4.26

3.00

4.86

12.3

5.81

5.99

6.08

11.7 

8.47

7.39

7.30

9.82

6.76

8.51

11.5

8.78

5'. 76

5.95

4.91

5.94

6.16

3.20

2.92

1.95

0.95

.91

.72

1.39

1.90

2.39

3.49

3.49

3.24

4.16

4.17

4.53

4.08

6.07

4.68

5.49

6.18

8.91

8.89

13.1

5.60

5.14

5.20

4.05

4.11

4.64

5.02

2.87

2.27

2.14

1 CC

1.80

1.95

2.16

2.38

2.18

2.61

2.15

2.05

.87

1.73

1.64

1.90

1.66

1.49

2.20 

3.11

3.74

3.92

2.97

4.91

6.71

5.09

3.58

2.73

2.46

1.91

1.50

1.63

2.22

2.64

2.01 

3.27

4.12

2.96

1.81

2.57

3.34

3.30

3.37

2.10

2.45 

1.97

3.32

2.81

2.82

3.12

4.02

3.97

3.30

3.10

6.71

2.11

2.60

2.16

1.58

1.34

.47

.31

.11

.07

.02

<.02

<.02

m

0.03

<.03

<.03

<.03

<.03

<.03

<.03

.10

.07

.03

.24

.05

<.04

.14

1 «

. lo

.18

.09

.14

.23

.09

.09

.27

.23

.12

.20

.14

.08

.18

.09

.08

.05

0.03

.03

<.02

<.02

.03

.07

.07

<.02

<.02

<.02

.03

.07

.04

.05

.05

.04

.05

.27

.68

.63

.05

<.02

.03

<.02

.03

<.02

.05

.03

.04

<.02

^- no

0.17

.29

.27

.32

.32

.38

.14

.15

.20

<.06

.12

<.06

.19

.14

.14 

.14

.09

.18

.14

.09

.09

.05

.03

.06

<.02

.07

.06

.04

.08

.21

.17

.20 

.33

.14

.23

.18

.15

.12

.16

.03

.14 

.13

.35

.32

.18

.18

.17

.16

.36

.12

<.05

<.05

<.05

.11

.08

.14

.14

.07

.05

.04

.05

.04

.03

f\1

0.82

1.32

1.35

1.85

2.09

2.75

1.47

1.12

.42

.69

.95

.87

.82

.54

.32 

.86

.72

.59

.59

.59

.90

1.22

1.00

.88

.82

.62

.77

.81

.54

.30

.36

0.14

.06

.05

.15

.10

.16

.22

.16

.33

.34

.44

.35

.32

.43

.49

.73

.65

.60

1.36

2.96a

.83

.89

.71

.50

.42

.32

.47

.32

.21

.23

-- nc

0.05

.06

.04

.05

.09

.04

.08

.05

.02

.03

.05

.04

.05

.02

.05 

.05

.09

.09

.09

.09

.09

.05

.06

.04

.03

<.02

.02

<.02

<.02

<.02

.07

<0.02 

.04

<.02

.07

.03

.03

<.02

<.02

<.02

<.02 

.06

.08

.10

.07

.02

.05

.05

.10

<.02

1.05a

.04

.05

.02

.02

.05

.05

.05

.03

<.02

.03

.05

.03

n/.

0.27

.33

.35

.31

.37

.49

.31

.41

.33

.45

.63

.43

.47

.45

.54 

.54

.59

.45

.50

.59

.77

.95

.66

.58

.50

.58

.63

.70

.42

.28

.23

0.15

.16

.18

.16

.21

.22

.18

.20

.17

.27

.29

.37

.40

.46

.50

.65

.74

.95

1.19

1.11

.76

.62

.64

.63

.62

.61

.48

.48

.43

.33

1£
RADIONUCLIDES IN TRANSPORT, COLUMBIA RIVER, WASHINGTON N35

TABLE 1. Concentrations of solute (dissolved) and particulate radionuclides in composited water samples from the

Columbia River1 Continued

[In picocurles per liter of water]

Iron-59 Manganese-54 Barium-140 Zirconium-95- 

Niobium-95 Ruthenium-106 Cesium-137 Phosphorus-32

VANCOUVER, WASH. continued

0.27 

.14 

.16 

.32 

.35 

.43 

.23 

.14 

.05

.23 

.29 

.29 

.19 

.95 

.23 

.54 

.45 

.45 

.54 

1.04 

.72 

.32 

.23 

.26 

.23 

<.02 

.72 

.36 

<.02 

.10 

.58 

<r0.02 

.42 

<.02 

.51 

<.05 

.25 

.07 

.05 

.26

<.05 

.46 

.18 

<.05 

.47 

.18 

.40 

.38 

.43 

.14 

1.20 

.24 

.16 

.27 

.09 

.16 

<.02 

.17 

<.05 

<.05 

.13 

<.05 

<.05 *n

1.20 

1.02 

.93 

1.08 

1.23 

1.53 

1.48 

1.57 

1.21

1.30 

5.27 

1.74 

1.50 

3.87 

217a 

2.70 

1.89 

2.57 

3.15 

2.79 

2.66 

3.24 

2.77 

1.51 

1.87 

1.86 

3.32 

3.33 

<.2 

.72 

<.02

.56 

.80 

.77 

.51 

.89 

1.40 

2.41 

1.68

1.74 

1.10 

1.32 

1.82 

1.25 

.06 

1.09 

1.17 

1.09 

1.58 

4.07

.44 

.94 

.27 

.66 

.33 

1.47 

1.31 

.38 

<.02 

.10 

^_ns

0.15 

.11 

<.05 

.15 

.28 

.18 

.20 

.22 

<.04

.15 

.24 

.26 

.23 

.05 

.09 

.41 

.18 

.36 

.45 

.54 

.41 

.18 

.25 

.13 

.14 

.13 

.11 

.08 

<.02 

.04 

.09 

.03 

.44 

<.02 

<.02 

<.02 

.08 

.13 

.32 

.18

.23 

.29 

.41 

.38 

.44 

.27 

.35 

.23 

.03 

.07 

.59 

.11 

.07 

.11 

<.02 

.09 

.07 

.06 

<.02 

.04 

.14 

.10 

.14 

1 1

0.82 

.95 

.98 

.91 

1.06 

1.24 

1.44 

1.22 

1.52

1.64 

1.27 

1.08 

1.34 

1.76

.90 

.99 

1.08 

.86 

1.49 

2.30 

2.57 

1.61 

1.36 

1.26 

1.39 

1.70 

1.95 

1.08 

1.15 

.94

.85 

.97 

.97 

.73 

.97 

.96 

.95 

.80

.86 

1.07 

.84 

1.18 

1.21 

1.71 

1.78 

2.17 

2.32 

2.28 

2.05 

1.55 

1.88 

1.44 

1.46 

1.31 

1.32 

1.36 

1.19 

1.24 

.92 

.79 

An

1.65 0.11 0.35 

3.53 .13 .22 

7.07 .28 .95 

4.14 .29 .46 

3.14 .27 .44 

3.57 .20 .46 

2.09 .20 .30 

1.14 .77 .24 

.25 .29 <.05

1.36 1.67 .16 

1.60 1.43 .28 

2.37 .67 .20 

1.63 1.05 .20 

 .14 

 .05 

 .14

 .45 .63

1.17 1.53 .09 

 .41 .41

2.25 .77 .32 

1.98 .72 .18 

.55 .74 .14 

.50 .32 .13 

.63 .53 .16 

<.2 .23 <.02 

.35 .61 .07 

.40 .24 ..05 

1.23 .02 <.02 

3.27 .49 <.02 

2.21 .23 <.02

2.83 <0.02 

1.87 <0.02 .34 

2.98 <.02 <.02 

 <.02

 <.02 

 <.02 

 .18 

 .47 

 .09

 .09 

 <.02

 .05 

 .04 

 .09 

 <.02 

 <.02 

 .15 

 <.02 

 .07 

 .84 

 .07 

 .09 

 .12

 <.02 

 <.02 

 <.02 

 <.02 

 <.02 

 .05 

 .08 

 .03 

 .07

0.62 

.57 

1.55 

.63 

.64 

.82 

.82 

.24 

.68

1.67 

1.00 

.98 

2.70 

.68 

33. 8« 

.50 

.63 

1.17 

1.17 

1.98 

.68 

1.26 

1.20 

16.9* 

.76 

.35 

.48 

.40 

<.02 

.30 

1.26

.20 

.26 

.19 

.18 

.35 

1.54 

2.29 

.27

.60 

.13 

.17 

.32 

<.02 

.16 

<.02 

<.02 

.24

.59 

<.02 

.23 

<.02 

<.02 

<.02 

<.02 

<.02 

.12 

.07 

<.02 

.08

1.49 

1.64 

1.69 

1.43 

1.73 

1.55 

1.62 

1.89 

.90

1.91 

1.65 

1.63 

1.50 

1.13 

1.53 

.99 

1.62 

1.35 

1.49 

1.40 

1.17 

1.04 

1.12 

.80 

.93 

.99 

.97 

.85 

.96 

.80 

.99 

.76 

1.11 

.98 

1.00 

.95 

.77 

.89 

.87 

.58

.70 

.79 

.70 

.64 

.59 

.68 

.92 

.58 

.63 

.38 

13. 3a 

.28 

.55 

.32 

.19 

.31 

.18 

.10 

<.05 

.05 

.07 

.14 

.17

O-J

0.21 

.18 

.15 

.28 

.20 

<.18 

.50 

1.47 

2.10

.57 

.33 

.30 

.36 

1.17 164a 

.45 

.32 

.63 

.36 

.32 

.27 

.27 

.65 

1.10 

.33 

.37 

.47 

.27 

.28 

.22 

.14

.12 

.21 

.15 

.20 

.20 

.32 

.24 

.11

.17 

.12 

.20 

.21 

.26 

.36 

.44 

.49 

.37

3.76a 

<.05 

.28 

.32 

.35 

.22 

.34 

.23 

.24 

.30 

.26 

.10

0.25

.23 

.20 

.31 

.24 

.56 

.07 

.68 

.14 

.18 

.21 

.38 

.36

.50

.54 

.93 

.91 

.64 

.59 

.57 

.31 

.28 

.22 

.67

.25 

.15 

.17 

.18 

.16 

.11 

<.05 

.27 

.15 

.25 

IA

 

0.56 

.34 

.11

.25 

.27 

.23 

.07 

.27 

.10 

.10 

.2*

.40 

.42 

.56 

.64 

.86 

1.18 

1.00 

1.12 

1.53

.24

1.05 

.87 

.87 

.71 

.77 

.71 

.61 

.88 

.45 

.37 

-- n1;

26.0

12.1 

12.8 

5.46 

.68 

1.45 

<.02 

4.50 

4.59 

4.06 

9.44 

24.4 

11.9 

38.6 

38.1 

33.1 

39.0

24.1 

24.3

34.1

31.8

19.2 

7.28 

14.3 

17.9 

4.86 

3.68

8.10 

7.38 

6.11 

1.97 

2.07 

1.02

1.34

5.73

11.5 

15.2 

7.04 

24.7
N36 TRANSPORT OF RADIONUCLIDES BY STREAMS

TABLE 1. Concentrations of solute (dissolved) and paniculate radionucUdes in composited water samples from the

Columbia River' Continued

[In plcocurles per liter of water]

Chromium-51 Zinc-65 Scandium-46 Antimony-124 Cobalt-58 Cobalt-60

Date

Compositing periods vary from fractional parts of a day to two weeks. 

a Questionable concentrations.

VANCOUVER, WASH . Continued

1966

Aug.

Aug.

Aug.

Aug.

Sept, 

Sept.

Sept,

Sept,

Sept,

Sept,

1-3-5

8-10-12

15-17-19

29 

2

, 4

, 6

. 9

,12-14-16

,19-20-23

6.31

3.15

36. Oa

6.31

7.66 

7.21

89.2

812

1740

1740

14.9

12.6

4.05

7.66

3.60

5.41

14.9

131

58.6

1.17

.63

.68

.50

Q-t

. ol

.32

.45

.59

.59

.90

9.32

6.94

5.86

4.10

3.15 

3.69

3.83

5.09

5.90

3.78

0.04

.02

<.02

.03

.05 

.23

.45

.99

1.44

1.44

1.56

1.01

.82

.50

.45 

.45

.40

.77

.73

.50

0.04

<.02

.05

<.02

<.02 

<.02

.30

2.96

4.21

4.06

<0.02

<.02

<.02

<.02

<.02 

<.02

<.02

.09

<.02

<.02

<0.05

.07

<.05

.08

<.05 

<.05

.10

.04

.38

.19

0.12

.09

.09

.11 

.02

.19

.09

.03

.15

<.02

0.03

.04

.04

.05 

.05

.03

.05

.04

.08

.07

0.26

.19

.14

.15 

.09

.14

.17

.16

.27

.14
RADIONUCLIDES IN TRANSPORT, COLUMBIA RIVER, WASHINGTON N37

TABLE 1. Concentrations of solute (dissolved) and paniculate radionuclides in composited water samples from the

Columbia River' Continued

[In plcocuries per liter of wjter]

Iron-59 Manganese-54 Barium-140 Zirconium-95- 

Nlobium-95

Ruthenium-106 Cesium-137 Phosphorus-32

VANCOUVER, WASH. Continued

<0.05 <0.05 0.07 0.70 <0.02 0.10 0.27 0.17

.30 .45 .08 .62 <.02 <.02 .07 .08

<.05 <.05 .05 .67 <.02 .09 .20 .08

.14 .25 <.02 .54 <.02 <.02 .08 .18

<.05 <.05 .21 .29 <.02 .05 .22 <.05

<.05 .09 <.02 .48 <.02 <.02 .22 .07

<.05 .26 <.02 .63 <.02 .14 .09 <.05

<.05 <.05 .04 .49 .07 .04 .12 <.05

<.05 .14 <.02 .61 <.02 .03 .13 .05

.-.ns i nA «- n? 91 _ - . m > » it. ^ ni

<0.05 0.24 --

.10 .22 

<.05 .29 

<.09 <.05 

.08 <.07 

<.05 .06 

.08 .15 

<.05 <.05 

<.05 .08 
N38 TRANSPORT OF RADIONUCLIDES BY STREAMS

TABLE 3. Quantity and percentage dissolved of chromium-51 monthly discharges for Columbia River stations

____ [Station abbreviations: Pasco, Fasco, Wash.; Umat., Umatilla, Oreg.; Vane., Vancouver, Wash.]

Total discharge in curies Dissolved discharge in percent of total discharge

1964 1965 1966 1964 1965 1966

Month

January ...................... 

February .................... 

March .......................... 

April ............................ 

May ............................

June ............................ 

July ............................

August ........................ 

September .................. 

October ...................... 

November .................. 

December .................... 

TotaL................. 

Mean daily...... 

Average ..........

Pasco Umat. Vane.

51,000 

44,000 

51,000 

49,000 

44,000 

44,000 

34,000 

43,000 

46,000 

48,000 

46,000 

55,000 

555,000 

1,500

............ 43,000 

............ 35,000 

............ 30,000 

............ 30,000 

............ 40,000

............ 45,000 

............ 33,000

............ 29,000 

............ 24,000 

............ 31,000 

............ 24,000 

............ 40,000 

............ 404,000 

............ 1,100

Pasco

47,000 

39,000 

41,000 

41,000 

36,000 

38,000 

34,000 

32,000 

36,000 

34,000 

33,000 

32,000 

443,000 

1,200

Umat.

............

18,000 

23,000 

29,000 

28,000 

27,000 

22,000 

22,000 

20,000 

189,000 

790

Vane.

35,000 

32,000 

30,000 

36,000 

33,000 

35,000 

22,000 

23,000 

21,000 

15,000 

18,000 

25,000 

325,000 

890

Pasco

29,000 

23,000 

36,000 

23,000 

27,000 

23,000 

4,900 

4,600 

29,000

200,000 

730

Umat.

22,000 

21,000 

25,000 

22,000 

28,000 

22,000 

6,800 

4,200 

20,000

171,000 

630

Vane.

19,000 

18,000 

20,000 

22,000 

26,000 

22,000 

9,000 

300 

10,000

146,000 

540

Pasco Umat. Vane.

94 

93 

94 

92 

91 

90 

93 

92 

92 

90 

94 

91

92

........ 95 

........ 96 

........ 95 

........ 95 

........ 89 

........ 80 

........ 91 

........ 97 

........ 97 

96 

........ 96 

........ 94

........ 93

Pasco Umat. Vane.

89 

86 

91 

87 

87 

91 

91 

94 

92 

85 

91 

94

90

91 

87 

91 

95 

96 

94 

95 

96

93

92 

91 

93 

90 

85 

87 

90 

95 

97 

97 

96 

96

92

Pasco Umat.

95 

92 

95 

94 

93 

95 

88 

93 

93

93

95 

95 

96 

95 

94 

90 

86 

93 

93

93

Vane.

96 

96 

96 

95 

93 

90 

87 

62 

96

90

TABLE 4. Quantity and percentage dissolved of zinc-65 monthly discharges for Columbia River stations

[Station abbreviations: Pasco, Pasco, Wash.; Umat., Umatilla, Oreg.; Vane., Vancouver, Wash.]

Total discharge in curies Dissolved discharge in percent of total discharge

1964 1965 1966 1964 1965 1966

Month

January _ . __ .... ........

February ....................

March ..........................

April ............................

May ............................

June ............................

July ............................

August ........................

September ..................

November ..................

December ....................

TotaL.................

Mean daily......

Average ..........

Pasco Umat.

1,100 ...........

910 ...........

1,200 ...........

1,200 ...........

1,900 ...........

1,800 ...........

1,100 ...........

730 ...........

640 ............

980 ...........

1,100 ...........

1,500 ...........

14,200 ...........

39 ...........

Vane.

310

300

260

420

. 1,400

. 1,800

810

230

87

140

180

680

. 6,620

18

Pasco

1,500

1,800

2,500

2,400

2,100

1,600

880

500

410

380

470

700

15,200

42

Umat.

1,100

1,000

630

290

150

130

140

300

3,740

16

Vane.

720

940

950

1,400

1,400

1,400

720

180

77

51

61

130

8,030

22

Pasco Umat.

780

880

1.400

1,100

1,600

1,000

390

130

560

7,840

29

410

550

690

540

960

1,000

540

130

140

4,960

18

Vane.

240

320

420

480

900

1,200

490

89

40

4,180

15

Pasco Umat.

85 ........

77 ........

79 ........

74 ........

60 ........

58 ........

67 ........

58 ........

50 ........

72 ........

84 ........

84 ........

71 ........

Vane.

35

33

23

14

6

7

6

9

16

18

40

33

20

Pasco Umat.

84

80

82

78

72

64

56

19

14

22

64

83

60

55

39

19

9

13

10

32

71

31

Vane.

18

21

36

20

10

8

5

8

19

11

18

39

18

Pasco Umat.

86

84

80

51

50

48

48

23

22

55

70

78

54

29

21

9

7

6

12

32

Vane.

47

57

38

23

8

5

7

10

14

.

23

TABLE 5. Quantity and percentage dissolved of scandium-46 monthly discharges for Columbia River stations

[Station abbreviations: Pasco, Pasco, Wash.; Umat., Umatilla, Oreg.; Vane., Vancouver, Wash.]

Total discharge in curies Dissolved discharge in percent of total discharge

1964 1965 1966 1964 1965 1966

Month

March ............................

May ................................

July ................................

Average ..............

Pasco Umat.

190 ........

180 ........

220 ........

270 ........

340 ........

300 ........

210 ........

180 ........

180 ........

190 ........

120 ........

190 ........

...... 2,570 ........

7.0 ........

, Vane.

66 

56 

53 

81 

280 

410 

190 

52 

22 

35 

31 

68 

1,340 

3.7

Pasco Umat. Vane.

240 . 

270 . 

250 . 

350 . 

350 

240 

230 

150 

120 

140 

140 

130 

2,610 

7.2

130 

160 

110 

65 

31 

38 

54 

53 

641 I 

2.7

110 

160 

130 

200 

220 

210 

120 

36 

12 

9 

20 

36 

.260 

3.4

Pasco Umat. Vane.

110 

150 

190 

180 

290 

240 

76 

32 

250

65 

83 

88 

92 

190 

340 

110 

20 

23

1,520 1,010 

5.6 3.7

43 

51 

62 

81 

160 

280 

90 

12 

5

784 

2.9

Pasco Umat. Vane.

23 ........ 

17 ........ 

18 ........ 

12 ........

9

12 ........ 

19 ........ 

13 ........ 

9 ........ 

12 ........ 

18 ........ 

16 ........

15 ........

15 

12 

13 

14 

7 

4 

6 

9 

12 

12 

17 

16

11

Pasco Umat. Vane.

18 

15 

19 

12 

11 

15 

9 

8 

7 

10 

17 

27

14

10

7 

7 

6 

8 

9 

13 

27

11

10 

10 

13 

7 

7 

5 

4 

7 

12 

10 

15 

17

10

Pasco Umat. Vane.

37 

30 

31 

19 

16 

17 

15 

9 

4

........

20

30 

32 

25 

21 

14 

7 

5 

7 

9

........

... . 

21 

26 

19 

20 

11 

5 

5 

3 

17

...._ 

TABLE 6. Quantity and percentage dissolved of antimony-124 monthly discharges for Columbia River stations

[Station abbreviations: Pasco, Pasco, Wash.; Umat., Umatilla, Oreg.; Vane., Vancouver, Wash.]

Total discharge in curies Dissolved discharge in percent of total discharge

1964 1965 1966 1964 1965 1966

Month

January ..............................

February ............................

March ..................................

April _ . _ ___ .

May ..................... . ..... ....

June ....................................

July ......................................

August

September ..........................

Total ........................

Average ....................

Pasco Umat. Vane.

16 ........

21 ........

26 ........

34 . ....

63 ........

59 ........

42 ........

29 ........

25 ........

9(\

25 ........

01

QQ7

1 1

12

18

18

23

47

66

39

25

19

21

17

28

333

0.9

Pasco Umat. Vane.

32

60

90

81

94

70

59

40

32

34

36

34

662

1.8

50

55

52

38

34

01

on

94.

313

; 1.3

25

48

68

95

94

73

47

35

33

on

27

25

590

1.6

Pasco Umat. Vane. Pasco Umat. Vane.

30

29

54

42

82

83

15

10

40

385

1.4

25

27

40

48

96

80

16

11

34

077

1.4

24

27

35

47

92

88

23

1

25

QCO

1.3

92 ........

87 ........

93 ........

92 ........

73 ........

91 ........

86 ........

92 ........

93 ........

89 ........

95 ........

93 ........

90 ........

84

84

89

96

94

89

91

95

96

99

99

97

93

Pasco Umat. Vane.

90

92

94 .

88

87

92

81

86

86

93

97

98

90

94

92

96

96

97

99

99

99

97

95

95

97

96

94

94

94

98

99

99

99

98

97

Pasco Umat. Vane.

99

98

97

97

97

88

92

92

89

94

99

99

99

91

97

85

90

98

99

95

99

99

98

99

97

83

97

64

99

93
RADIONUCLIDES IN TRANSPORT, COLUMBIA RIVER, WASHINGTON N39

TABLE 7. Quantity and percentage dissolved of cobalt-58 monthly discharges for Columbia River stations

[Station abbreviations: Pasco, Pasco, Wash.; Umat., Umatilla, Oreg.; Vane., Vancouver, Wash.]

Total discharge in curies Dissolved discharge in percent of total discharge

1964 1965 1966 1964 1965 1966

Month

January ..........................

February ........................

March ..............................

April ................................

May ..................................

June ................................

July ..................................

August ............................

September ......................

December ........................

Total ....................

Mean daily ..........

Average ................

Pasco Umat. Vane.

8 ......

13 ......

21 ......

26 .......

30 .......

32 .......

35 .......

44 .......

45 ......

72 .......

110 .......

40 .......

476 .......

1.3 ......

6

5

4

5

20

37

23

10

7

7

14

23

161

0.4

Pasco Umat. Vane.

22 .

24 .

25 .

36 .

41

36

32

22

12

18

16

15

299

0.8

26

22

22

12

5

6

5

7

105

0.4

13

13

11

21

29

28

18

7

4

2

2

3

151

0.4

Pasco Umat. Vane. Pasco Umat. Vane.

15

18

19

23

40

41

15

8

16

195

0.7

9

12

11

13

21

39

12

4

4

125

0.4

4

6

6

9

16

48

13

2

2

106

0.4

50 ......

51 ......

62 ......

49 ......

36 ......

34 ......

36 ......

29 ......

25 ......

19 ......

31 ......

46 ......

39 ......

16

25

og

23

8

8

9

16

35

31

16

14

20

Pasco Umat. Vane.

67

64

67

54

40

35

19

20

34

31

43

58

44

37

42

42

34

45

40

39

57

42

13

18

15

4

5

8

8

35

59

72

53

35

27

Pasco Umat. Vane.

73

75

76

62

36

32

18

23

17

46

54

65

45

27

19

8

23

37

36

35

35

45

34

28

17

2

12

37

73

31

TABLE 8. Quantity and percentage dissolved of cobalt-60 monthly discharges for Columbia River stations

[Station abbreviations: Pasco, Pasco, Wash.; Umat., Umatilla, Oreg.; Vane., Vancouver, Wash.]

Total discharge in curies Dissolved discharge in percent of total discharge

1964 1965 1966 1964 1965 1966

Month

January ..........................

February ........................

March ..............................

April ................................

May ..................................

June ................................

July .................................

August ............................

September ......................

Total ....................

Average ................

Pasco Umat.

6 ........

13 ........

14 ........

15 ........

36 ........

50 ........

18 ........

15 ........

10 ........

17

11 ........

12 ........

217 ........

0.6 ........

Vane.

4

4

4

7

37

58

20

8

3

4

3

6

158

0.4

Pasco Umat. Vane.

14 .

15 .

17 ..

27 .

21

21

15

12

10

10

8

9

179

0.5

12

16

11

7

4

4

4

4

62

0.2

7

9

9

16

20

22

14

4

2

2

2

2

109

0.3

Pasco Umat. V

8

10

15

17

29

23

10

4

9

125

0.4

5

7

9

11

25

33

14

4

4

112

0.4

anc. Pasco Umat. Vane.

2

3

5

7

17

30

13

3

2

82

0.3

61 ........

52 ........

61 ........

46 ........

23 ........

13 ........

27 ........

33 ........

25 ........

23 ........

25 ........

50 ........

37 ........

15

17

20

13

4

3

4

11

32

27

18

14

15

Pasco Umat. Vane.

62

67

69

58

37

29

14

13

19

22

30

50

39

29

30

24

19

17

14

7

32

22

9

7

13

9

6

4

4

14

15

21

12

10

10

Pasco Umat. Vane.

64

67

70

53

44

25

11

14

11

40

44

58

32

22

33

20

14

14

14

28

19

23

10

11

5

3

5

16

27

13

TABLE 9. Quantity and percentage dissolved of iron-59 monthly discharges for Columbia River stations

[Station abbreviations: Pasco, Pasco, Wash.; Umat., Umatilla, Oreg.; Vane., Vancouver, Wash.]

Total discharge in curies Dissolved discharge in percent of total discharge

1964 1965 196C 1964 1965 1966

Month

January ........................

February ......................

April ..............................

May ................................

June

July ... ............................

August ..........................

September ....................

December ......................

Average ..............

Pasco Umat.

44 ........

73 ........

76 ........

130 ........

350 ........

110 ........

88 ........

76 ........

75 ........

170 ........

KQ

72 ........

...... 1,320 ........

3.3 ........

Vane.

30

45

35,

23

68

170

87

20

9

16

11

24

538

1.5

Pasco Umat. Vane. Pasco Umat. Vane. Pasco Umat. Vane.

98 .

110 . 110 .

130

120

120

110

64

83

110

66

52

1,170

3.2

43

73

53

5

21

00

24

18

265

1.1

41

59

53

61

68

99

72

13

6

10

19

509

1.4

26

50

64

46

97

62

5

7

52

AftQ

1.5

14

33

17

21

64

87

9

8

2

255ft Q

19

13

17

14

30

83

12

4

4

0.7

15 ........

8 ........

9 ........

4

2 ........

20 ........

20 ........

8 ........

6 ........

7 ........

9 ........

29

29

22

22

10

5

12

14

19

15

1 8

13

17

Pasco Umat. Vane.

8

10

22

10

9

23

12

8

5

4

9

15

11

21

11

6

38

13

3

13

11

14

21

11

11

11

9

31

31

26

1 Q

6

16

Pasco Umat. Vane.

29

15

20

13

39

17

48

51

12

27

8

12

17

11

31

11

24

18

18

17

13

11

20

34

14

6

30

44

8

20

TABLE 10. Quantity and percentage dissolved of manganese-54 monthly discharges for Columbia River stations

[Station abbreviations: Pasco, Pasco, Wash.; Umat., Umatilla, Oreg.; Vane., Vancouver, Wash.]

Total discharge in curies Dissolved discharge in percent of total discharge

Month

May ..................................

July ...................................

Total .....................

Average .................

1964

Pasco Umat.

22 ........

49 ........

57 ........

50 ........

74

88 ........

47

32 ........

34 ........

38 ........

36 ........

45

K79

1.6 ........

Vane.

9 

14 

13 

22 

75 

93 

41 

13 

8 

12 

9 

22 

331 

0.9

1965 1966 1964 1965

Pasco Umat. Vane. Pasco Umat. Vane. Pasco Umat. Vane.

42 

45 

71 

66 

60 

76 

51 

38 

22 

38 

34 

36 

579 

1.6

""32

44 

35 

29 

17 

18 

15 

16 

206 

0.8

23 

25 

27 

45 

48 

59 

38 

15 

10 

8 

8 

10 

316 

0.9

33 

37 

59 

49 

68 

40 

18 

10 

30

344 

1.3

19 

23 

34 

31 

56 

54 

37 

12 

14

280 

1.0

11 

12 

18 

25 

48 

51 

31 

8 

3

207 

0.8

67 ........ 

52 ........ 

55 ........ 

57 ........ 

30 ........ 

21 ........ 

36 ........ 

25 ........ 

17 ........ 

23 ........ 

45 ........ 

67 ........

41 ........

14 

19 

15 

10 

6 

5 

8 

10 

8 

9 

12 

11

11

Pasco Umat. Vane.

76 

75 

78 

56 

49 

44 

25 

12 

15 

12 

34 

53

44

57 

46 

24 

11 

15 

4 

12 

39

26

12 

14 

25 

10 

10 

8 

4 

5 

20 

2 

9 

21

12

1966

Pasco Umat. Vane.

73 

73 

75 

58 

41 

36 

26 

7 

5

44

48 

60 

37 

21 

29 

29 

21 

5 

2

28

24 

29 

21 

11 

3 

5 

7 

9 

g

13
N40 TRANSPORT OF RADIONUCLIDES BY STREAMS

TABLE 11. Quantity and percentage dissolved of barium-140 monthly discharges for Columbia River stations

[Station abbreviations: Pasco, Pasco, Wash.; Umat., Umatilla, Oreg.; Vane., Vancouver, Wash.]

Total discharge in curies Dissolved discharge in percent of total discharge

1964 1965 1966 1964 1965 1966

Month

January ........................

February ......................

March ............................

April ..............................

May ................................

June ..............................

July ................................

August ..........................

September ....................

October ..........................

November ......................

December ......................

Total ..................

Mean daily ........

Average ..............

Pasco Umat. Vane.

58 ..

290 ..

160 ..

210 ..

100 ..

92 ..

97 ..

180 ..

110 ..

130 ..

..... 1,430 ..

4.0 ..

9

38

54

64

46

30

23

29

35

31

..... 359

1.0

Pasco Umat. Vane. Pasco Umat. Vane. Pasco Umat. Vane.

120

4

70

81

120

71

59

91

110

726

2.6

66

39

44

72

71

292

1.2

34 ........ ...

5 ........ ...

20 ........ ...

42 ........ ....

32 ........ ...

28 ........ ....

23 ........ ....

41 ........ ....

23 ........ ....

248 ........ ....

0.9 ........ ....

.... ........ 83 ........

.... ........ 83 ........

. .. .... 87 . ....

.... ........ 40 ........

.... ........ 80 ........

.... ........ 94 ........

.... ........ 91 ........

.... ........ 83 ........

.... ........ 93 ........

.... ........ 72 ........

.... ........ 81 ........

92

89

75

39

58

83

87

92

95

80

79

Pasco Umat.

74

78

97

82

69

94

95

98

100

87

55

74

94

91

89

81

Vane. Pasco Umat. Vane.

59 . ........ _ ...

55 ........ ... _ __

51 . . ........ __

68 _ .. __ ........

53 . __ ... _

45 ..... ..._... .. _ .

78 . _ . _ ... __ .

90 . _ ... . __

97 ... _ . ... .

66 ........ ........ ........

TABLE 12. Quantity and percentage dissolved of zirconium-95-niobium-95 monthly discharges for Columbia River stations

[Station abbreviations: Pasco, Pasco, Wash.; Umat., Umatilla, Oreg.; Vane., Vancouver, Wash.]

Total discharge in curies Dissolved discharge in percent of total discharge

1964 1965 1966 1964 1965 1966

Month

January ..............................

February ............................

March ..................................

April ...................................

May ......................................

June ....................................

July ......................................

August ................................

September ..........................

November ............................

Total ........................

Mean daily ..............

Average ....................

Pasco Umat. Vane.

40 ........

39 ........

44 ........

53 ........

67 ........

150 ........

33 ........

26 ........

24 ........

66 ........

43 ........

46 ........

631 ........

1.7 ........

20

12

14

19

49

66

29

9

4

7

11

13

253

0.7

Pasco Umat. Vane.

47

31

61

55

44

12

25

52

250

49

43

24

693

1.9

36

20

16

23

9

5

9

4

122

0.5

23

29

26

24

260

19

7

11

6

2

7

14

428

1.2

Pasco Umat. Vane. Pasco Umat. Vane.

13

13

24

35

320

4

2

33

9

453

1.6

4

10

3

1

7

9

12

2

2

50

0.2

5

2

2

2

12

13

8

3

1

48

0.2

.....

37 ........

40 ........

33 ........

25 ........

16 ........

6 ........

20 ........

23 .......

19 .......

15 .......

24 .......

13 .......

23 ........

42

52

49

26

16

10

18

28

33

26

37

30

31

Pasco Umat. Vane.

18

34

16

22

20

30

14

6

1

10

9

2

15

5

7

6

15

16

9

20

14

12

12

13

17

15

2

12

12

3

28

10

10

17

13

Pasco Umat. Vane.

1

1

1

1

68

55

1

2

14

4

24

13

79

91

54

27

32

21

38

12

20

24

55

57

33

21

9

20

28

TABLE 13. Quantity and percentage dissolved of ruthenium-106 monthly discharges for Columbia River stations

[Station abbreviations: Pasco, Pasco, Wash.; Umat., Umatilla, Oreg.; Vane., Vancouver, Wash.]

Total discharge in curies Dissolved discharge in percent of total discharge

Month

March .........................

May .............................

July .............................

Total ...............

Average ...........

1964

Pasco Umat. Vane.

........ 8 ........

......... 19 ........

......... 22 ........

........ 21 ........

......... 73 ........

......... 100 ........

......... 76 ........

........ 35 ........

........ 18 ........

........ 25 ........

1 8

........ 17 ........

........ 432 ........

1.2 .

24 

27 

26 

41 

110 

170 

92 

36 

21 

21 

15 

38 

621 

1.8

1965 1966

Pasco Umat. Vane.

18 

11 

18 

23 

25 

32 

15 

12 

14 

14 

12 

13 

207 

0.6

""si

45 

22 

17 

11 

10 

9 

10 

155 

0.6

32 

34 

26 

27 

52 

61 

28 

15 

10 

10 

9 

8 

302 

0.8

1964 1965

Pasco Umat. Vane. Pasco Umat. Vane.

11 

14 

19 

12 

110 

89 

11 

23 

6

295 

1.1

10 

10 

14 

15 

120 

85 

13 

4 

4

275 

1.0

9 

7 

10 

14 

110 

100 

11 

4 

2

267 

1.0

100 ....... 

100 ....... 

70 ....... 

56 ....... 

85 ....... 

69 ....... 

80 .......

85 ....... 

82 ....... 

84 ....... 

83 ....... 

83 .......

98 .......

67 

78 

79 

73 

61 

71 

70 

81 

87 

88 

89 

58

75

Pasco Umat. Vane.

79 

94 

85 

90 

78 

88 

97 

90 

56 

62 

71 

81

81

77 

70 

61 

71 

73 

83 

77 

81

74

71 

67 

79 

74 

55 

71 

75 

83 

88 

85 

78 

79

75

1966

Pasco Umat. Vane.

95 

80 

83 

78 

97 

66 

81 

9 

91

76

86 

75 

68 

29 

94 

64 

38 

46 

75

64

83 

80 

73 

62 

92 

51 

41 

47 

82

68

TABLE 14. Quantity and percentage dissolved of cesium-137 monthly discharges for Columbia River stations

[Station abbreviations: Pasco, Pasco, Wash.; Umat., Umatilla, Oreg.; Vane., Vancouver, Wash.]

Total discharge in curies Dissolved discharge in percent of total discharge

1964 1965 1966 1964 1965 1966

Month Pasco Umat. Vane. Pasco Umat. Vane.

January .............................. 

February ............................ 

March .................................. ... 

April .................................... ... 

May ...................................... ... 

June ......................................

July ...................................... ...

August ................................

September ..........................

October ................................

November ............................

Total ........................ ...

Average ........ ..........

..... ........ ........ 12

..... ........ ........ 11

..... ........ ........ 10

..... ....... ........ 13

..... ........ ........ 21

..... ........ ........ 67

0.9

8

4

5

5

11

33

0.5

4

7

5

5

3

5

29

0.4

Pasco Umat. Vane. Pasco Umat. Vane. Pasco Umat. Vane.

25 15 

33 21 

38 27 

26 18 

31 32 

17 5

17 18

7 6

5 4

199 146

0.7 0.5

9 ........ ....... 

12 ........ ........ 

16 .... ........ 

18 ........ ....... 

32 ........ ....... 

22 ........ ........

20 ........ .......

3 ........ ........

1 .. . ........

133 ........ ........

0.5 ........ ........

. ........ 61

. ........ 76

. ........ 61

. ........ 93

. ........ 96

. ........ 77

51

46

31

61

80

54

........

30

51

62

65

51

68

55

Pasco Umat. Vane.

95 

98 

91 

76 

75 

95

55

22

82

77

78 

84 

55 

25 

43 

60

23

22

15

45

60 

63 

43 

26 

25 

37

21

25

39

38
RADIONUCLIDES IN TRANSPORT, COLUMBIA RIVER, WASHINGTON N41

TABLE 15. Quantity and percentage dissolved of phosphorus-32 monthly discharges for Columbia River stations

[Station abbreviations: Pasco, Pasco, Wash.; Urnat., Umatilla, Oreg.; Vane., Vancouver, Wash.]

Total discharge in curies Dissolved discharge in percent of total discharge

1964 1965 1966 1964 1965 1966

Month

January ........................

February ......................

March ............................

April ..............................

May ...... .......

June _ _ . _ . .. ...

July ..... ..... .. ..

September ....................

October ..........................

November ......................

December ......................

Total ... .... .

Mean daily ........

Pasco Umat. Vane. Pasco Umat.

.... ........ ........ ...... 440

....... . . .. .. ... 290

.... ...... ...... . .. 200

.... ........ ....... ...... 370

.... ........ ........ ...... 510

...... ........ ........ ........ 750

...... . ...... ...... . ... .. 1,000

.... .... .. ... 3,560

39

240

340

110

98

110

320

340

600

2,160

23

Vane.

380

370

35

35

46

200

320

330

1,720

19

Pasco Umat. Vane. Pasco Umat. Vane.

700 470

630 460

990 700

610 650

760 970

580 740

4,270 3,990

24 22

270 ........ ....... ........

290 ........ ........ ........

400 ........ ........ ........

360 ........ ........ ........

590 ....... ........ ........

390 . .... ........ ........

2,300 ........ ........ ........

13 ........ ..... . ........

Pasco Umat. Vane.

63

85

93

44

78

95

73

87

96

Pasco Umat. Vane.

88

80

81

72

67

73

94

89

88

71

61

43

........

95

94

84

60

50

39

........

TABLE 16. Ratios of discharges of dissolved radionuclides to 

total discharges of radionuclides at Columbia River stations 

based on data for the period May 1965 through June 1966

Ratio of discharge in dissolved state to 

total discharge

Extremes, 3-4 month averages2

Radionuclide

Chromium-51 .- 

Zinc-65 ............ 

Scandium-46 ..

Cobalt-58 ........ 

Cobalt-60 ........ 

Iron-59 ............ 

Manganese-54 ..

Columbia 

River 

station1

..Pasco.............. 

Umatilla........

..Pasco.............. 

Umatilla........ 

Vancouver .... 

..Pasco.............. 

Umatilla........ 

Vancouver ....

Vancouver .... 

..Pasco.............. 

Umatilla........ 

Vancouver .... 

..Pasco.............. 

Umatilla........

..Pasco.............. 

Umatilla........

..Pasco... ........... 

Umatilla. ...... 

Vancouver ....

Maximum

PerMonths cent

..........................

Dec.-Feb. ...... 

..........do.......... 

.......... do .......... 

Jan.-Mar. .... 

Dec.-Feb. ...... 

Jan.-Mar. ....

Jan.-Mar. .... 

Dec.-Feb. ...... 

Sept.-Nov. .... 

Jan.-Mar. .... 

do ........

do . ....

..........................

Jan.-Mar. .... 

Dec.-Feb. ...... 

Dec.-Mar. ....

94 

96 

96

84 

48 

48 

33 

30 

22 

98 

99 

99 

75 

59 

61 

67 

45 

17 

32 

30 

30

74 

49 

15

Minimum

Annual 

Per- average3 

Months cent( percent)

May-July .... 

..........do.......... 

___ .do ..........

Aug.-Oct. .... 

..._.....do.......... 

May-Aug. .... 

July-Sept. .. 

June-Aug. .. 

May .-Aug. .. 

July-Sept. .. 

May-July .... 

..........do.......... 

July-Oct. .... 

Apr. June .. 

May-July .... 

July-Sept. .. 

Sept.-Nov. .. 

May-July .... 

Aug.-Nov. .. 

Oct.-Jan. ....

Aug.-Oct. .. 

..........do..........

90 

90 

87 

18 

13 

7 

8 

7 

6 

84 

94 

94 

26 

18 

6 

15 

13 

5 

6 

5 

6 

13 

10 

6

91 

94 

94 

56 

37 

23 

19 

17 

14 

94 

97 

98 

47 

42 

36 

40 

28 

12 

16 

13 

18 

43 

29 

13

1 Pasco and Vancouver, Wash., and Umatilla, Oreg.

2 A consecutive 3-4 month period of maximum or minimum ratios was not 

evident in data for some radionuclides.

3 Average for period June 1965 through May 1966.
N42 TRANSPORT OF RADIONUCLIDES BY STREAMS

TABLE 18. Concentrations of dissolved and paniculate

[Concentrations: D, dissolved; P, participate;

Chromium-51

Date D p

Zinc-65 Scandium-46

D P D P

Antimony-124

D p

Cobalt-58

D P

Cobalt-60

D p

Pasco, Wash.

1963 

Oct. 7 ......................

Oct. 21 ....................

Nov. 5 ....................

Nov. 18 ..................

Dec. 2 ......................

Dec. 16 ....................

Dec. 30 ....................

......... 10,300

........ 21,100

14,100

........ 14,100

......... 17,800

........ 10,700

......... 13,400

631 

586 

1,440 

1,100 

910 

339 

775

103 

150 

177 

157 

228 

167 

222

59.5 5.36 

51.8 6.22 

111 13.0 

57.7 6.53 

68.5 9.77 

22.7 10.5 

47.7 11.4

34.9 

31.0 

63.1 

40.7 

42.0 

22.5 

43.2

Hood River, Oreg.

1963

Oct. 8 ......................

Oct. 22 ....................

Nov. 5 ....................

Nov. 19 ..................

Dec. 3......................

Dec. 17 ....................

Dec. 30 ....................

1964

Jan. 14 ....................

Feb. 11 ....................

Feb. 25 ....................

Mar. 10 ..................

Mar. 24 ..................

Apr. 7............ ..........

Apr. 21 ....................

May 12 ..................

June 11 ..................

July 21 ....................

Aug. 17 ..................

Sep. 22 ....................

........ 3,920

........ 3,400

........ 6,710

........ 4,390

4 Q10

........ 3,860

........ 5,180

........ 6,350

........ 5,500

........ 5,680

........ 4,200

........ 4,180

........ 11,100

........ 4,300

........ 1,700

........ 946

........ 1,160

........ 2,800

........ 3,060

92.8 

94.6 

179 

374 

183 

201 

111

200 

230 

310 

182 

159 

393 

190 

144 

150 

67.6 

91.0 

107

2.81 

2.62 

17.3 

5.68 

10.5 

16.6 

18.7

18.8 

17.7 

28.1 

17.5 

9.01 

10.5 

6.44 

3.14 

5.54 

2.94 

2.22 

.73

8.92 1.19 

11.4 1.15 

18.6 2.31 

26.8 1.69 

24.7 1.97 

24.1 1.75 

30.3 1.70

30.0 .88 

58.6 1.18 

24.7 1.97 

20.8 1.07 

32.4 2.14 

48.2 2.12 

55.4 1.74 

55.0 1.06 

46.8 .51 

24.0 .44 

25.0 .53 

11.2 .39

2.07 

2.12 

3.93 

15.8 

6.76 

8.83 

6.35

9.28 

15.3 

8.15 

4.25 

8.65 

11.4 

10.1 

11.4 

10.4 

5.27 

4.73 

3.12

3.15 

2.80 

1.87 

2.37 

3.02 

5.95 

3.25 

2.03 

1.54 

1.42 

2.25 

2.06

<0.36 

<.42 

<.38 

<.36 

<.09 

.10 

.12 

.08 

.30 

<.09 

<.09 

<.10

0.20 

<.15 

.14 

.07 

.24 

.28 

.14 

.13 

.08 

<.06 

.22 

.33

1.41 

.90 

<.39 

.48 

1.00 

1.15 

.76 

.95 

.73 

.97 

.77 

.43

0.10

.09 

.16 

.18 

.14 

.10 

.12 

.14 

.05 

.05 

.13 

.11

0.74 

1.04 

.37 

.39 

.56 

.83 

.87 

1.38 

1.28 

.61 

.47 

.23

Vancouver, Wash.

1963 

Oct. 7 ......................

Oct. 21 ....................

Nov. 18 ..................

Dec. 2 ......................

Dec. 16 ....................

Dec. 31 ....................

O OQA

........ 4,030

........ 5,230

A. 9ftft

........ 5,000

........ 6,080

........ 5,000

70.3 

86.5 

122 

81.5 

223 

230 

107

2.32 

6.44 

3.52 

3.36 

4.82 

12.1 

12.1

6.71 1.01 

7.93 2.74 

8.65 2.14 

8.60 1.16 

21.2 1.49 

20.5 1.62 

16.4 2.07

0.99 

1.04 

1.55 

2.23 

5.32 

7.75 

3.72
RADIONUCLIDES IN TRANSPORT, COLUMBIA RIVER, WASHINGTON N43

radionuclides in water samples from the Columbia River

in picocuries per liter of water]

Zirconium-95-

Iron-59

Date D p

Manganese-54

D p

Barium-140

D P

Niobium-95

D P

Ruthenium-103-

Rhodium-103

D p

Ruthenium-106

D p

Cerium-141

D p

Pasco, Wash.

1963

Oct. 7 ...............

Oct. 21 .............

Nov. 5 .............

Nov. 18 ...........

Dec. 2 ...............

Dec. 16 .............

Dec. 30 .............

4.32

3.82

20.2

3.91

7.07

8.24

7.84

6.26

10.0

16.4

5.09

7.48

2.99

13.5

10.0

16.4

62.6

11.4

19.4

16.1

13.3

2.03

2.12

5.77

2.32

5.41

.94

9.32

15.5

2.87

5.54

2.95

4.14

5.05

6.08

3.75

6.98

2.85

9.55

Hood River, Oreg.

1963

Oct. 8 ...............

Oct. 22 .............

Nov. 5 .............

Nov. 19 ...........

Dec. 3 ...............

Dec. 17 .............

Dec. 30 .............

1964

Jan. 14 .............

Feb. 11 .............

Feb. 25 .............

Mar. 10 ...........

Mar. 24 ...........

Apr. 7 ...............

Apr. 21 .............

May 12 ...........

June 11 ...........

July 21 .............

Ancr 17

Sep.22 .............

... 1.16

... .79

... 1.50

... .58

... 2.30

... .89

... .62

... .35

... .16

... .37

... .36

... .21

4.00

9.01

7.79

4.77

3.09

2.03

2.09

1.97

3.42

1.65

1.57

1.35

0.18

.26

.32

.37

.18

.30

.23

.19

.17

.10

.14

.03

2.18

2.53

1.69

1.66

2.02

2.89

3.09

3.27

1.85

1.33

1.18

.95

743

9.73 <0.33

21.6 2.51

4.27 .67

4.82 1.54

.98 <1.06

1.90 <.30

3.65 <.24

2.93 <.51

0.73

.85

.87

.93

1.09

1.19

1.18

.67

.63

.84

1.11

2.51

.71

.55

.38

.23

.21

.28

.13

1.31

1.09

1.66

2.51

1.92

3.73

1.88

11.3

2.43

.96

1.60

3.20

2.33

1.30

2.22

.77

.47

.52

.95

5.27

5.50

6.40

5.86

5.18

10.5

8.78

0.59

.65

.95

1.79

.67

2.03

8.29

2.81

2.56

2.34

2.47

2.10

3.75

3.04

36.9

2.94

2.17

2.77

1.56

0.55

.42

.46

.24

.47

.70

.89

.79

1.68

.56

.28

.40

0.71

,71

1.12

.98

0.23

.77

1.33

2.39

.79

2.09

17.9

Vancouver, Wash.

1963

Oct. 7 ...............

Oct. 21 .............

Nov. 4 .............

Nov. 18 ...........

Dec. 2 ...............

Dec. 16 .............

Dec. 31 .............

0.43

1.05

1.21

1.13

.92

1.31

1.47

1.22

.89

1.29

.97

1.56

2.02

1.51

5.18

5.27

6.13

5.27

4.68

12.3

9.05

0.54

.54

.66

.44

.76

.67

.73

2.15

2.91

2.64

5.86

1.14

1.18

.78

1.27

1.52

1.83

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1973 315 658/17