BART Exemption Modeling Report: 

Georgia Power Company 

Plant McIntosh 

Prepared by: 

Southern Company Services and ENSR Corporation 

for Georgia Power Company 

September 2006
i September 2006 091506 McIntosh BART Modeling Report.doc

Contents 

1.0 Introduction............................................................................................................................................... 1-1

1.1 Objectives ........................................................................................................................................ 1-1

1.2 Location of source vs. relevant Class I Areas ................................................................................ 1-1

1.3 Organization of protocol document................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.0 Source description and emissions data ............................................................................................... 2-1

2.1 Unit-specific source data................................................................................................................. 2-1

3.0 Modeling results....................................................................................................................................... 3-1

Appendix A Delta-Deciview Values for The Top 20 Days – For Each Year/Each Class I Area 

 and for the Top 25 Days – Over Three Years.....................................................................A-1 
ii September 2006 091506 McIntosh BART Modeling Report.doc

List of Tables 

Table 2-1 Plant McIntosh modeling emission parameters ...................................................................... 2-3

Table 3-1 Summary of Results – Plant McIntosh Refined BART Exemption Modeling ................ 3-1 

List of Figures 

Figure 1-1 Location of PSD Class I Areas in relation to Plant McIntosh.................................................. 1-2
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1.0 Introduction 

1.1 Objectives 

The Regional Haze Rule requires Best Available Retrofit Technology (BART) for any BART-eligible source that 

‘‘emits any air pollutant which may reasonably be anticipated to cause or contribute to any impairment of 

visibility” in any mandatory Class I federal area. Pursuant to federal regulations, states have the option of 

exempting a BART-eligible source from the BART requirements based on dispersion modeling demonstrating

that the source cannot reasonably be anticipated to cause or contribute to visibility impairment in a Class I 

area. In addition, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has promulgated a rule allowing states subject 

to the Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR) to determine that CAIR satisfies the BART requirements for SO2 and 

NOx for electric generating units (EGUs). Feedback from the Georgia Environmental Protection Division 

indicates that CAIR satisfies BART for SO2 and NOx for EGUs. Therefore, this modeling report focuses on 

performing the BART modeling analysis for particulate matter (PM) only. 

Unit 1 at Plant McIntosh, located near Albany, which is owned and operated by Georgia Power Company∗

, has 

been identified as a BART-eligible source. The modeling procedures outlined in the source-specific BART 

modeling protocol for Plant McIntosh were used to determine whether the source is subject to BART 

requirements (exemption modeling). The modeling procedures are consistent with those outlined in the 

updated final VISTAS common BART modeling protocol (dated December 22, 2005, revision 3 – July 18, 

2006), available at http://www.vistas-sesarm.org/BART/BARTModelingProtocol_rev3_18Jul2006.pdf. This 

source-specific BART modeling protocol references relevant portions of the common VISTAS modeling 

protocol. 

1.2 Location of source vs. relevant Class I Areas 

The Georgia Environmental Protection Division, which is in charge of the state’s BART program, has 

determined that Unit 1 at Plant McIntosh is BART-eligible for PM. Figure 1-1 shows a plot of Plant McIntosh 

relative to nearby Class I Areas. There are three Class I areas within 300 km of the plant: Cape Romain 

(152.6 km), Okefenokee (177.1 km), and Wolf Island (110.5 km). The BART exemption modeling was 

conducted for these Class I areas in accordance with the referenced VISTAS common BART modeling 

protocol and the procedures described in the source-specific BART modeling protocol. 

 

∗

 The merger of Georgia Power and Savannah Electric has been completed. Therefore, this unit is now owned and 

operated by Georgia Power Company. 
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Figure 1-1 Location of Class I Areas in Relation to Plant McIntosh 
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2.0 Source description and emissions data 

2.1 Unit-specific source data 

The emissions data used to assess the visibility impacts at the Class I areas within 300 km of Plant McIntosh 

are discussed in this section. The Georgia Environmental Protection Division has indicated that CAIR will 

satisfy BART for EGUs for SO2 and NOx. Therefore, this BART exemption modeling analysis focuses only on 

PM10. Since various components of PM10 emissions have different visibility extinction efficiencies, the PM10

emissions are divided, or “speciated,” into several components (VISTAS common protocol Sections 4.3.3 and 

4.4.2). The VISTAS protocol (Section 5) allows for the use of source-specific emissions and speciation factors 

and/or default values from AP-42. The PM10 emissions and speciation approach that were used for the 

modeling is indicated below. Where default speciation values are used, the data represents a unit where 

current (baseline) emission controls include electrostatic precipitators (ESPs), but no post-combustion NOx or 

SO2 control equipment exists. 

• Total PM10 is comprised of filterable and condensable emissions. 

• Baseline filterable PM10 emissions are based on the highest stack test for the most recent 3-year 

period (2003-2005). This stack test is combined with the highest 24 hour heat input value for this 

period from CEMS data to calculate the “maximum 24 hour average emission rate” as required by the 

VISTAS protocol. 

• Filterable PM10 has been subdivided by size category consistent with the default approach from AP-42 

Table 1-1.6, and as noted on pages 43 and 44 of the VISTAS common BART modeling protocol. The 

AP-42 Table 1-1.6 specifies for the emission controls indicated above that 55.6% of filterable PM10

emissions is coarse (greater than 2.5 microns in size) and 44.4% is fine. Of the fine portion, 3.7% is 

elemental carbon and the remainder is inorganic fine particulates (soil). 

• Condensable PM10 consists of inorganic and organic compounds. The inorganic portion is by default 

assumed to be H2SO4, although other non-sulfate inorganic condensables could be present. The 

organic portion is modeled as organic aerosols. 

• Baseline H2SO4 emissions are calculated consistent with the method used by Georgia Power to derive 

these emissions for TRI purposes. This approach assumes that the H2SO4 emissions released from 

the stack are proportional to SO2 emissions from combustion and are dependent on the fuel type and 

the removal of H2SO4 by downstream equipment (i.e., ESP and air heater). For eastern bituminous 

coal the baseline H2SO4 release rate is in the range of 0.3 to 0.8% of the SO2 emissions. Appendix A 

of the site-specific modeling protocol provides the basis for the site-specific values used. 

• Baseline emissions of condensable organics (the remaining portion of condensable PM10) are derived 

based on the supporting field observational information in Appendix B of the site-specific modeling 

protocol and is estimated as 0.32% of SO2 emitted. 

• Coarse filterable particles (between 2.5 and 10 microns in size) will be modeled with a geometric mass

mean diameter of 5 microns, while fine filterable and all condensable particles will be modeled with a

geometric mass mean diameter of 0.48 microns, consistent with the CALPUFF default value for fine 

particles. The geometric standard deviation for both fine and coarse particles will be set to 2 microns, 

consistent with the CALPUFF default value. The 0.48 micron diameter value for fine particles comes 

from the default values in sample input files presented on the TRC web site. There is no default 

value presented for the coarse particles on the TRC web site. However, since 5 is the geometric 

mass mean diameter of 2.5 and 10 (the bounds of coarse particle sizes), it is a reasonable estimate 

for the geometric mass mean diameter for that class of particles. 

In practice, CALPUFF allows for the user to input certain components of PM10 as separate species and 

separate sizes, which will result in more accurate wet and dry deposition velocity results and also more 
2-2 September 2006

091506 McIntosh BART Modeling Report.doc

accurate effects on light scattering. As noted above, the particle size distribution information is provided in 

AP-42 Table 1-1.6, and will be used for the BART exemption modeling. 

Table 2-1 provides a summary of the modeling emission parameters used in the BART CALPUFF modeling, 

consistent with the source emissions data presented in Appendices A and B of the site-specific modeling 

protocol for the baseline. All of the emissions in Table 2-1 were derived from CEMS data for the 2003 to 2005 

period and represent the maximum 24-hour average lb/hr rates (excluding days where startup, shutdown, or 

malfunctions occurred). For NOx and SO2 the values are directly from CEMS. Filterable PM10 emissions were 

calculated using the highest stack test over the 2003 to 2005 period and multiplying these values times the 

maximum 24-hour average heat input derived from CEMS. These values were then adjusted using AP-42 

factors from Table 1.1-6 that indicate that PM10 is 67% of total PM for a pulverized coal unit with an ESP. PM10

speciation was then performed as indicated above such that total Filterable PM10 is made up of Coarse Soil 

plus total Fine PM and total Fine PM is made up of Fine Soil plus Elemental Carbon (EC). 
2-3 

091506 McIntosh BART Modeling Report.doc

Table 2-1 Plant McIntosh modeling emission parameters 

Location UTM 

(Zone 17 NAD-83) Emissions1 Parti

Case Source / Unit UTM 

East 

UTM 

North 

Actual 

Stack Ht 

Base 

Elev. 

Flue 

Diameter 

Gas 

Exit 

Vel. 

Stack 

Gas 

Exit 

Temp. SO2 NOX PM10 Filt. PM10 Coarse Soil Fine PM F

S

 m m m m m m/s deg K lbs/hr lbs/hr lbs/hr lbs/hr lbs/hr lbs/hr lb

Baseline Data - Current Configuration (Unit Basis) 

Baseline Unit 1 484,162 3,579,890 121.9 9.75 3.5 24.2 425.8 3904.00 1323.33 44.49 20.51 11.41 9.11 8

Baseline Data - Current Configuration (Stack Basis)

Modeled 

Stk Ht3

Baseline m m m m m m/s deg K lbs/hr lbs/hr lbs/hr lbs/hr lbs/hr lbs/hr lb

Stack 1 Unit 1 484,162 3,579,890 105.16 9.75 3.5 24.2 425.8 3904.00 1323.33 44.49 20.51 11.41 9.11 8

Stack Basis Emissions Converted to g/sec g/sec g/sec g/sec g/sec g/sec g/sec g/

Stack 1 Unit 1 484,162 3,579,890 105.16 9.75 3.5 24.2 425.8 491.90 166.74 5.61 2.58 1.44 1.15 1

1 SO2 and NOx emissions are not BART-applicable for EGU sources in CAIR states, if the state agency agrees with EPA’s interpretation 

emissions for SO2 and NOx are provided for information purposes, and for reference in the computation of certain particle species such 

2 Elemental carbon (EC) and Fine PM are a part of Filterable PM10 and H2SO4 and Organics are a part of Condensable PM10. Note that 

SO4. The molecular weights of H2SO4 and SO4 are 98 and 96 respectively, therefore the conversion factor from H2SO4 to SO4 is 96/98. 

3 Stack credit is equal to GEP. GEP of 345 ft (105.2 m) is less than actual height therefore GEP height is used for modeling. 
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3.0 Modeling results 

The exemption modeling results are provided in Table 3-1, and Appendix A lists delta-deciview results for the 

top 20 days for each year modeled and the top 25 days for the overall three years at each Class I area. The 

table indicates that both the 8th highest day’s impacts for each year and the 22nd highest day’s impacts over all 

three years are below 0.5 delta-dv. These results demonstrate that Plant McIntosh’s PM10 emissions do not 

cause or contribute to visibility impairment. Therefore, the source is not subject to BART for PM10, and no 

further BART analysis is required. 

Electronic data related to this application are provided on the attached disk. They include all input (INP) and 

list (LST) files.
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Table 3-1 Summary of Results – Plant McIntosh Refined BART Exemption Modeling 

2001 2002 2003 

Class I area 

Distance 

from source 

to Class I 

area 

boundary 

# of days and 

receptors 

beyond 98th

percentile with 

impact > 0.5 

delta-dv 

8

th

Highest 

delta-dv 

# of days and 

receptors 

beyond 98th

percentile with 

impact > 0.5 

delta-dv 

8

th

Highest 

delta-dv 

# of days and 

receptors 

beyond 98th

percentile with 

impact > 0.5 

delta-dv 

8

th

Highest 

delta-dv 

Highest of 

8

th Highest 

delta-dv 

for the 3-

years 

22nd

Highest 

delta-dv 

over 3-

year 

period 

 Km Days Rec delta-dv Days Rec delta-dv Days Rec delta-dv delta-dv delta-dv 

Cape Romain 152.6 0 0 0.04 0 0 0.04 0 0 0.04 0.04 0.04 

Okefenokee 177.1 0 0 0.02 0 0 0.03 0 0 0.03 0.03 0.03 

Wolf Island 110.5 0 0 0.03 0 0 0.03 0 0 0.03 0.03 0.03 
Appendix A 

Delta-Deciview Values for the Top 20 Days – for Each Year/Each 

Class I Area and for the Top 25 Days – Over Three Years 
Ranked Daily Visibility Change for Cape Romain (Top 20 Days for Each Year) 

 % of Modeled Extinction by Species 

YEAR DAY HR REC DV(Total) DV(BKG) DELTA DV F(RH) %_SO4 %_NO3 %_OC %_EC %_PMC %_PMF Ranking

2001 16 0 1 7.582 7.519 0.064 3.3 69.77 0 22.67 1.44 2.11 4.01 1 

2001 313 0 48 7.573 7.519 0.054 3.4 70.25 0 22.15 1.41 2.27 3.92 2 

2001 175 0 7 7.573 7.519 0.054 3.7 72.18 0 20.92 1.33 1.87 3.7 3 

2001 240 0 32 7.569 7.519 0.05 4.1 74.1 0 19.38 1.23 1.86 3.42 4 

2001 242 0 25 7.559 7.519 0.04 4.1 74.36 0 19.45 1.24 1.51 3.44 5 

2001 220 0 2 7.558 7.519 0.04 4.1 74.24 0 19.41 1.24 1.67 3.43 6 

2001 8 0 65 7.556 7.519 0.038 3.3 70.35 0 22.85 1.46 1.29 4.04 7 

2001 298 0 1 7.556 7.519 0.037 3.7 71.9 0 20.83 1.33 2.25 3.68 8 

2001 48 0 62 7.555 7.519 0.036 3 67.34 0 24.07 1.53 2.81 4.25 9 

2001 241 0 3 7.554 7.519 0.035 4.1 74.4 0 19.45 1.24 1.46 3.44 10 

2001 224 0 32 7.552 7.519 0.033 4.1 74.02 0 19.36 1.23 1.97 3.42 11 

2001 201 0 1 7.552 7.519 0.033 3.6 71.58 0 21.32 1.36 1.97 3.77 12 

2001 32 0 2 7.552 7.519 0.033 3.3 69.71 0 22.65 1.44 2.19 4 13 

2001 222 0 48 7.548 7.519 0.029 4.1 74.36 0 19.45 1.24 1.51 3.44 14 

2001 221 0 1 7.547 7.519 0.028 4.1 74.28 0 19.42 1.24 1.62 3.43 15 

2001 188 0 48 7.546 7.519 0.028 3.6 71.6 0 21.32 1.36 1.94 3.77 16 

2001 277 0 48 7.546 7.519 0.027 3.7 71.98 0 20.86 1.33 2.14 3.69 17 

2001 158 0 32 7.546 7.519 0.027 3.7 72.14 0 20.9 1.33 1.92 3.69 18 

2001 245 0 2 7.544 7.519 0.025 4 73.85 0 19.79 1.26 1.59 3.5 19 

2001 223 0 65 7.544 7.519 0.025 4.1 74.27 0 19.42 1.24 1.63 3.43 20 

 

2002 198 0 2 7.568 7.519 0.049 3.6 71.66 0 21.34 1.36 1.86 3.77 1 

2002 232 0 1 7.566 7.519 0.047 4.1 74.06 0 19.37 1.23 1.92 3.42 2 

2002 187 0 48 7.565 7.519 0.046 3.6 71.61 0 21.33 1.36 1.92 3.77 3 

2002 153 0 1 7.56 7.519 0.041 3.7 72.5 0 21.01 1.34 1.43 3.71 4 

2002 6 0 39 7.559 7.519 0.04 3.3 69.45 0 22.56 1.44 2.55 3.99 5 

2002 18 0 1 7.558 7.519 0.039 3.3 69.9 0 22.71 1.45 1.93 4.01 6 

2002 146 0 32 7.555 7.519 0.036 3.2 69.4 0 23.25 1.48 1.75 4.11 7 

2002 236 0 32 7.554 7.519 0.035 4.1 74.27 0 19.42 1.24 1.63 3.43 8 

2002 233 0 127 7.554 7.519 0.035 4.1 74.06 0 19.37 1.23 1.9 3.42 9 

2002 30 0 10 7.553 7.519 0.034 3.3 69.65 0 22.63 1.44 2.27 4 10 

2002 202 0 144 7.552 7.519 0.033 3.6 71.7 0 21.35 1.36 1.81 3.77 11 

2002 12 0 2 7.552 7.519 0.033 3.3 69.67 0 22.63 1.44 2.25 4 12 

2002 330 0 163 7.551 7.519 0.032 3.4 70.65 0 22.28 1.42 1.7 3.94 13 

2002 196 0 78 7.55 7.519 0.031 3.6 71.93 0 21.42 1.36 1.5 3.79 14 

2002 231 0 1 7.549 7.519 0.03 4.1 74.36 0 19.44 1.24 1.52 3.44 15 

2002 77 0 2 7.548 7.519 0.03 2.9 67.21 0 24.85 1.58 1.95 4.39 16 

2002 357 0 2 7.546 7.519 0.028 3.2 68.91 0 23.09 1.47 2.44 4.08 17 

2002 272 0 1 7.546 7.519 0.027 4 73.58 0 19.72 1.26 1.94 3.49 18 

2002 260 0 1 7.546 7.519 0.027 4 73.82 0 19.79 1.26 1.62 3.5 19 

2002 19 0 1 7.545 7.519 0.026 3.3 69.28 0 22.51 1.43 2.8 3.98 20 

 

2003 263 0 2 7.57 7.519 0.051 4 73.67 0 19.75 1.26 1.84 3.49 1 

2003 202 0 7 7.568 7.519 0.049 3.6 71.28 0 21.23 1.35 2.39 3.75 2 

2003 317 0 20 7.561 7.519 0.042 3.4 70.48 0 22.23 1.42 1.94 3.93 3 

2003 295 0 7 7.56 7.519 0.041 3.7 72.22 0 20.93 1.33 1.82 3.7 4 

2003 231 0 2 7.558 7.519 0.039 4.1 73.96 0 19.34 1.23 2.04 3.42 5 

2003 172 0 65 7.557 7.519 0.038 3.7 72.44 0 20.99 1.34 1.52 3.71 6 

2003 22 0 2 7.557 7.519 0.038 3.3 70.02 0 22.75 1.45 1.76 4.02 7 

2003 218 0 2 7.556 7.519 0.037 4.1 73.89 0 19.32 1.23 2.13 3.42 8 

2003 198 0 32 7.556 7.519 0.037 3.6 71.9 0 21.41 1.36 1.54 3.78 9 

2003 191 0 20 7.555 7.519 0.036 3.6 71.29 0 21.23 1.35 2.37 3.75 10 

2003 130 0 2 7.555 7.519 0.036 3.2 68.78 0 23.04 1.47 2.64 4.07 11 

2003 21 0 2 7.555 7.519 0.036 3.3 69.93 0 22.72 1.45 1.88 4.02 12 

2003 3 0 32 7.552 7.519 0.033 3.3 70.19 0 22.8 1.45 1.51 4.03 13 

2003 182 0 32 7.551 7.519 0.032 3.7 71.96 0 20.85 1.33 2.17 3.69 14 

2003 147 0 2 7.55 7.519 0.032 3.2 69.02 0 23.12 1.47 2.29 4.09 15 

2003 131 0 2 7.551 7.519 0.032 3.2 69.3 0 23.22 1.48 1.89 4.1 16 

2003 236 0 65 7.549 7.519 0.031 4.1 74.36 0 19.45 1.24 1.51 3.44 17 

2003 219 0 2 7.55 7.519 0.031 4.1 74.02 0 19.36 1.23 1.97 3.42 18 

2003 35 0 37 7.55 7.519 0.031 3 67.77 0 24.22 1.54 2.18 4.28 19 

2003 212 0 163 7.549 7.519 0.03 3.6 71.49 0 21.29 1.36 2.09 3.76 20 
Ranked Daily Visibility Change for Cape Romain (Top 25 Days Over Three Years) 

 % of Modeled Extinction by Species 

YEAR DAY REC DV(Total) DV(BKG) DELTA DV F(RH) %_SO4 %_NO3 %_OC %_EC %_PMC %_PMF Ranking

2001 16 1 7.582 7.519 0.064 3.3 69.77 0.00 22.67 1.44 2.11 4.01 1 

2001 313 48 7.573 7.519 0.054 3.4 70.25 0.00 22.15 1.41 2.27 3.92 2 

2001 175 7 7.573 7.519 0.054 3.7 72.18 0.00 20.92 1.33 1.87 3.70 3 

2003 263 2 7.570 7.519 0.051 4.0 73.67 0.00 19.75 1.26 1.84 3.49 4 

2001 240 32 7.569 7.519 0.050 4.1 74.10 0.00 19.38 1.23 1.86 3.42 5 

2002 198 2 7.568 7.519 0.049 3.6 71.66 0.00 21.34 1.36 1.86 3.77 6 

2003 202 7 7.568 7.519 0.049 3.6 71.28 0.00 21.23 1.35 2.39 3.75 7 

2002 232 1 7.566 7.519 0.047 4.1 74.06 0.00 19.37 1.23 1.92 3.42 8 

2002 187 48 7.565 7.519 0.046 3.6 71.61 0.00 21.33 1.36 1.92 3.77 9 

2003 317 20 7.561 7.519 0.042 3.4 70.48 0.00 22.23 1.42 1.94 3.93 10 

2002 153 1 7.560 7.519 0.041 3.7 72.50 0.00 21.01 1.34 1.43 3.71 11 

2003 295 7 7.560 7.519 0.041 3.7 72.22 0.00 20.93 1.33 1.82 3.70 12 

2001 242 25 7.559 7.519 0.040 4.1 74.36 0.00 19.45 1.24 1.51 3.44 13 

2001 220 2 7.558 7.519 0.040 4.1 74.24 0.00 19.41 1.24 1.67 3.43 14 

2002 6 39 7.559 7.519 0.040 3.3 69.45 0.00 22.56 1.44 2.55 3.99 15 

2002 18 1 7.558 7.519 0.039 3.3 69.90 0.00 22.71 1.45 1.93 4.01 16 

2003 231 2 7.558 7.519 0.039 4.1 73.96 0.00 19.34 1.23 2.04 3.42 17 

2001 8 65 7.556 7.519 0.038 3.3 70.35 0.00 22.85 1.46 1.29 4.04 18 

2003 172 65 7.557 7.519 0.038 3.7 72.44 0.00 20.99 1.34 1.52 3.71 19 

2003 22 2 7.557 7.519 0.038 3.3 70.02 0.00 22.75 1.45 1.76 4.02 20 

2001 298 1 7.556 7.519 0.037 3.7 71.90 0.00 20.83 1.33 2.25 3.68 21 

2003 218 2 7.556 7.519 0.037 4.1 73.89 0.00 19.32 1.23 2.13 3.42 22 

2003 198 32 7.556 7.519 0.037 3.6 71.90 0.00 21.41 1.36 1.54 3.78 23 

2001 48 62 7.555 7.519 0.036 3.0 67.34 0.00 24.07 1.53 2.81 4.25 24 

2002 146 32 7.555 7.519 0.036 3.2 69.40 0.00 23.25 1.48 1.75 4.11 25 
Ranked Daily Visibility Change for Okefenokee (Top 20 Days for Each Year) 

 % of Modeled Extinction by Species 

YEAR DAY HR REC DV(Total) DV(BKG) DELTA DV F(RH) %_SO4 %_NO3 %_OC %_EC %_PMC %_PMF Ranking

2001 271 0 662 7.663 7.608 0.055 4 74.21 0 19.89 1.27 1.12 3.52 1 

2001 302 0 249 7.644 7.608 0.036 3.8 73.63 0 20.77 1.32 0.61 3.67 2 

2001 281 0 613 7.64 7.608 0.032 3.8 73.63 0 20.77 1.32 0.59 3.67 3 

2001 272 0 353 7.64 7.608 0.032 4 74.1 0 19.86 1.27 1.26 3.51 4 

2001 23 0 557 7.636 7.608 0.028 3.5 71.93 0 22.03 1.4 0.74 3.89 5 

2001 310 0 664 7.633 7.608 0.025 3.5 71.71 0 21.97 1.4 1.04 3.88 6 

2001 295 0 658 7.633 7.608 0.025 3.8 73.16 0 20.64 1.31 1.22 3.65 7 

2001 274 0 641 7.632 7.608 0.024 4 74.57 0 19.99 1.27 0.64 3.53 8 

2001 294 0 534 7.631 7.608 0.023 3.8 73.32 0 20.69 1.32 1.01 3.66 9 

2001 170 0 658 7.631 7.608 0.023 3.7 72.16 0 20.91 1.33 1.9 3.7 10 

2001 303 0 658 7.63 7.608 0.022 3.8 73.62 0 20.77 1.32 0.61 3.67 11 

2001 259 0 641 7.63 7.608 0.022 4 74.8 0 20.05 1.28 0.32 3.54 12 

2001 50 0 658 7.63 7.608 0.022 3.2 70.01 0 23.46 1.49 0.89 4.15 13 

2001 59 0 664 7.629 7.608 0.021 3.2 69.11 0 23.15 1.47 2.16 4.09 14 

2001 45 0 353 7.63 7.608 0.021 3.2 70.08 0 23.48 1.5 0.78 4.15 15 

2001 18 0 249 7.628 7.608 0.02 3.5 71.44 0 21.88 1.39 1.4 3.87 16 

2001 320 0 658 7.627 7.608 0.018 3.5 71.9 0 22.03 1.4 0.77 3.89 17 

2001 117 0 534 7.626 7.608 0.018 3 68.38 0 24.44 1.56 1.3 4.32 18 

2001 321 0 197 7.625 7.608 0.017 3.5 71.64 0 21.94 1.4 1.13 3.88 19 

2001 14 0 286 7.625 7.608 0.017 3.5 71.97 0 22.05 1.4 0.68 3.9 20 

 

2002 343 0 663 7.653 7.608 0.045 3.6 72.3 0 21.53 1.37 0.99 3.81 1 

2002 342 0 664 7.647 7.608 0.039 3.6 71.6 0 21.32 1.36 1.95 3.77 2 

2002 141 0 663 7.645 7.608 0.037 3.6 71.89 0 21.41 1.36 1.55 3.78 3 

2002 246 0 557 7.641 7.608 0.033 4 74.46 0 19.96 1.27 0.77 3.53 4 

2002 337 0 197 7.64 7.608 0.032 3.6 72.1 0 21.47 1.37 1.25 3.8 5 

2002 325 0 658 7.64 7.608 0.032 3.5 71.25 0 21.83 1.39 1.67 3.86 6 

2002 333 0 657 7.638 7.608 0.03 3.5 71.16 0 21.8 1.39 1.8 3.85 7 

2002 56 0 197 7.636 7.608 0.028 3.2 69.6 0 23.32 1.49 1.47 4.12 8 

2002 140 0 651 7.635 7.608 0.027 3.6 72.25 0 21.52 1.37 1.05 3.8 9 

2002 344 0 658 7.634 7.608 0.026 3.6 71.92 0 21.42 1.36 1.51 3.79 10 

2002 296 0 663 7.632 7.608 0.024 3.8 73.18 0 20.65 1.32 1.2 3.65 11 

2002 331 0 628 7.63 7.608 0.022 3.5 71.58 0 21.93 1.4 1.22 3.88 12 

2002 55 0 628 7.63 7.608 0.022 3.2 69.67 0 23.34 1.49 1.36 4.13 13 

2002 306 0 628 7.63 7.608 0.021 3.5 71.81 0 22 1.4 0.89 3.89 14 

2002 324 0 664 7.627 7.608 0.019 3.5 71.63 0 21.94 1.4 1.14 3.88 15 

2002 28 0 664 7.627 7.608 0.019 3.5 71.84 0 22.01 1.4 0.86 3.89 16 

2002 126 0 353 7.624 7.608 0.016 3.6 72.39 0 21.56 1.37 0.85 3.81 17 

2002 37 0 628 7.625 7.608 0.016 3.2 70.04 0 23.46 1.49 0.86 4.15 18 

2002 319 0 386 7.622 7.608 0.014 3.5 70.86 0 21.71 1.38 2.21 3.84 19 

2002 309 0 353 7.622 7.608 0.014 3.5 71.8 0 21.99 1.4 0.91 3.89 20 

 

2003 256 0 658 7.665 7.608 0.057 4 73.8 0 19.78 1.26 1.66 3.5 1 

2003 276 0 628 7.657 7.608 0.049 3.8 73.1 0 20.62 1.31 1.31 3.65 2 

2003 255 0 663 7.648 7.608 0.04 4 74.12 0 19.87 1.27 1.23 3.51 3 

2003 361 0 556 7.647 7.608 0.039 3.6 71.92 0 21.42 1.36 1.51 3.79 4 

2003 32 0 664 7.647 7.608 0.039 3.5 71.74 0 21.98 1.4 0.99 3.88 5 

2003 314 0 628 7.642 7.608 0.034 3.5 72.14 0 22.1 1.41 0.44 3.91 6 

2003 254 0 663 7.641 7.608 0.033 4 74.12 0 19.87 1.27 1.23 3.51 7 

2003 293 0 651 7.64 7.608 0.032 3.8 72.98 0 20.59 1.31 1.48 3.64 8 

2003 273 0 534 7.638 7.608 0.03 4 74.57 0 19.99 1.27 0.63 3.53 9 

2003 259 0 664 7.638 7.608 0.03 4 74.51 0 19.97 1.27 0.71 3.53 10 

2003 14 0 596 7.633 7.608 0.025 3.5 71.39 0 21.87 1.39 1.48 3.87 11 

2003 257 0 663 7.632 7.608 0.024 4 74.2 0 19.89 1.27 1.13 3.52 12 

2003 253 0 197 7.632 7.608 0.024 4 74.17 0 19.88 1.27 1.17 3.51 13 

2003 319 0 663 7.631 7.608 0.023 3.5 71.42 0 21.88 1.39 1.44 3.87 14 

2003 362 0 663 7.63 7.608 0.022 3.6 72.29 0 21.53 1.37 0.99 3.81 15 

2003 307 0 557 7.626 7.608 0.018 3.5 70.54 0 21.61 1.38 2.65 3.82 16 

2003 275 0 628 7.626 7.608 0.018 3.8 73.36 0 20.7 1.32 0.96 3.66 17 

2003 261 0 658 7.626 7.608 0.018 4 74.43 0 19.95 1.27 0.82 3.53 18 

2003 326 0 166 7.623 7.608 0.015 3.5 71.41 0 21.87 1.39 1.44 3.87 19 

2003 274 0 463 7.623 7.608 0.015 4 73.98 0 19.83 1.26 1.42 3.5 20 
Ranked Daily Visibility Change for Okefenokee (Top 25 Days Over Three Years) 

 % of Modeled Extinction by Species 

YEAR DAY REC DV(Total) DV(BKG) DELTA DV F(RH) %_SO4 %_NO3 %_OC %_EC %_PMC %_PMF Ranking

2003 256 658 7.665 7.608 0.057 4.0 73.80 0.00 19.78 1.26 1.66 3.50 1 

2001 271 662 7.663 7.608 0.055 4.0 74.21 0.00 19.89 1.27 1.12 3.52 2 

2003 276 628 7.657 7.608 0.049 3.8 73.10 0.00 20.62 1.31 1.31 3.65 3 

2002 343 663 7.653 7.608 0.045 3.6 72.30 0.00 21.53 1.37 0.99 3.81 4 

2003 255 663 7.648 7.608 0.040 4.0 74.12 0.00 19.87 1.27 1.23 3.51 5 

2002 342 664 7.647 7.608 0.039 3.6 71.60 0.00 21.32 1.36 1.95 3.77 6 

2003 361 556 7.647 7.608 0.039 3.6 71.92 0.00 21.42 1.36 1.51 3.79 7 

2003 32 664 7.647 7.608 0.039 3.5 71.74 0.00 21.98 1.40 0.99 3.88 8 

2002 141 663 7.645 7.608 0.037 3.6 71.89 0.00 21.41 1.36 1.55 3.78 9 

2001 302 249 7.644 7.608 0.036 3.8 73.63 0.00 20.77 1.32 0.61 3.67 10 

2003 314 628 7.642 7.608 0.034 3.5 72.14 0.00 22.10 1.41 0.44 3.91 11 

2002 246 557 7.641 7.608 0.033 4.0 74.46 0.00 19.96 1.27 0.77 3.53 12 

2003 254 663 7.641 7.608 0.033 4.0 74.12 0.00 19.87 1.27 1.23 3.51 13 

2001 281 613 7.640 7.608 0.032 3.8 73.63 0.00 20.77 1.32 0.59 3.67 14 

2001 272 353 7.640 7.608 0.032 4.0 74.10 0.00 19.86 1.27 1.26 3.51 15 

2002 337 197 7.640 7.608 0.032 3.6 72.10 0.00 21.47 1.37 1.25 3.80 16 

2002 325 658 7.640 7.608 0.032 3.5 71.25 0.00 21.83 1.39 1.67 3.86 17 

2003 293 651 7.640 7.608 0.032 3.8 72.98 0.00 20.59 1.31 1.48 3.64 18 

2002 333 657 7.638 7.608 0.030 3.5 71.16 0.00 21.80 1.39 1.80 3.85 19 

2003 273 534 7.638 7.608 0.030 4.0 74.57 0.00 19.99 1.27 0.63 3.53 20 

2003 259 664 7.638 7.608 0.030 4.0 74.51 0.00 19.97 1.27 0.71 3.53 21 

2001 23 557 7.636 7.608 0.028 3.5 71.93 0.00 22.03 1.40 0.74 3.89 22 

2002 56 197 7.636 7.608 0.028 3.2 69.60 0.00 23.32 1.49 1.47 4.12 23 

2002 140 651 7.635 7.608 0.027 3.6 72.25 0.00 21.52 1.37 1.05 3.80 24 

2002 344 658 7.634 7.608 0.026 3.6 71.92 0.00 21.42 1.36 1.51 3.79 25 
Ranked Daily Visibility Change for Wolf Island (Top 20 Days for Each Year) 

 % of Modeled Extinction by Species 

YEAR DAY HR REC DV(Total) DV(BKG) DELTA DV F(RH) %_SO4 %_NO3 %_OC %_EC %_PMC %_PMF Ranking

2001 272 0 693 7.633 7.58 0.053 4 73.5 0 19.7 1.25 2.05 3.48 1 

2002 1 0 694 7.622 7.58 0.042 3.5 71.32 0 21.85 1.39 1.58 3.86 2 

2001 45 0 666 7.622 7.58 0.042 3.1 68.8 0 23.79 1.52 1.69 4.21 3 

2001 11 0 693 7.615 7.58 0.035 3.4 70.17 0 22.13 1.41 2.38 3.91 4 

2001 260 0 688 7.614 7.58 0.034 4 73.93 0 19.82 1.26 1.49 3.5 5 

2001 365 0 688 7.613 7.58 0.033 3.5 71.38 0 21.86 1.39 1.49 3.86 6 

2001 291 0 688 7.612 7.58 0.032 3.7 72.58 0 21.03 1.34 1.33 3.72 7 

2001 55 0 694 7.607 7.58 0.027 3.1 68.78 0 23.79 1.52 1.72 4.2 8 

2001 356 0 693 7.606 7.58 0.026 3.5 70.77 0 21.68 1.38 2.34 3.83 9 

2001 3 0 693 7.606 7.58 0.026 3.4 70.51 0 22.23 1.42 1.91 3.93 10 

2001 44 0 694 7.605 7.58 0.025 3.1 68.65 0 23.74 1.51 1.9 4.2 11 

2001 36 0 694 7.605 7.58 0.025 3.1 68.8 0 23.79 1.52 1.68 4.21 12 

2001 261 0 682 7.604 7.58 0.024 4 73.69 0 19.75 1.26 1.8 3.49 13 

2001 275 0 688 7.603 7.58 0.023 3.7 72.03 0 20.87 1.33 2.08 3.69 14 

2001 68 0 666 7.6 7.58 0.02 3.1 68.07 0 23.54 1.5 2.72 4.16 15 

2001 24 0 691 7.6 7.58 0.02 3.4 70.46 0 22.22 1.42 1.98 3.93 16 

2001 228 0 694 7.598 7.58 0.018 4.1 73.97 0 19.34 1.23 2.03 3.42 17 

2001 270 0 693 7.597 7.58 0.017 4 73.53 0 19.71 1.26 2.02 3.48 18 

2001 172 0 688 7.597 7.58 0.017 3.7 72.42 0 20.98 1.34 1.55 3.71 19 

2001 117 0 688 7.597 7.58 0.017 3 68.27 0 24.4 1.55 1.45 4.31 20 

 

2002 308 0 688 7.676 7.58 0.096 3.5 70.68 0 21.65 1.38 2.46 3.83 1 

2002 307 0 694 7.633 7.58 0.053 3.5 70.86 0 21.71 1.38 2.21 3.84 2 

2002 126 0 688 7.621 7.58 0.041 3.3 70.24 0 22.82 1.45 1.45 4.03 3 

2002 155 0 688 7.615 7.58 0.035 3.7 71.85 0 20.82 1.33 2.33 3.68 4 

2002 331 0 688 7.613 7.58 0.033 3.5 71.28 0 21.83 1.39 1.64 3.86 5 

2002 312 0 688 7.613 7.58 0.033 3.5 71.19 0 21.81 1.39 1.76 3.85 6 

2002 2 0 694 7.612 7.58 0.032 3.4 71.07 0 22.41 1.43 1.13 3.96 7 

2002 261 0 694 7.606 7.58 0.026 4 73.37 0 19.66 1.25 2.24 3.48 8 

2002 324 0 693 7.605 7.58 0.025 3.5 70.94 0 21.73 1.38 2.11 3.84 9 

2002 54 0 694 7.604 7.58 0.024 3.1 68.43 0 23.67 1.51 2.21 4.18 10 

2002 352 0 672 7.603 7.58 0.023 3.5 71.05 0 21.76 1.39 1.96 3.85 11 

2002 305 0 688 7.603 7.58 0.023 3.7 72.53 0 21.02 1.34 1.4 3.71 12 

2002 29 0 694 7.603 7.58 0.023 3.4 71.02 0 22.4 1.43 1.19 3.96 13 

2002 362 0 693 7.602 7.58 0.022 3.5 70.7 0 21.66 1.38 2.43 3.83 14 

2002 17 0 694 7.601 7.58 0.021 3.4 70.26 0 22.16 1.41 2.24 3.92 15 

2002 337 0 682 7.6 7.58 0.02 3.5 71.11 0 21.78 1.39 1.87 3.85 16 

2002 300 0 688 7.6 7.58 0.02 3.7 72.31 0 20.95 1.33 1.69 3.7 17 

2002 82 0 691 7.6 7.58 0.02 3.1 68.59 0 23.72 1.51 1.98 4.19 18 

2002 301 0 694 7.599 7.58 0.019 3.7 71.72 0 20.78 1.32 2.5 3.67 19 

2002 13 0 682 7.599 7.58 0.019 3.4 69.99 0 22.07 1.41 2.63 3.9 20 

 

2003 252 0 693 7.663 7.58 0.083 4 73.51 0 19.7 1.26 2.04 3.48 1 

2003 83 0 694 7.619 7.58 0.039 3.1 68.12 0 23.56 1.5 2.66 4.16 2 

2003 335 0 688 7.617 7.58 0.037 3.5 70.78 0 21.68 1.38 2.33 3.83 3 

2003 292 0 688 7.612 7.58 0.032 3.7 72.07 0 20.88 1.33 2.02 3.69 4 

2003 279 0 693 7.61 7.58 0.03 3.7 72.13 0 20.9 1.33 1.94 3.69 5 

2003 256 0 694 7.608 7.58 0.028 4 74.08 0 19.86 1.26 1.28 3.51 6 

2003 356 0 688 7.607 7.58 0.027 3.5 70.72 0 21.66 1.38 2.4 3.83 7 

2003 347 0 688 7.607 7.58 0.027 3.5 71.02 0 21.75 1.39 1.99 3.85 8 

2003 251 0 693 7.607 7.58 0.027 4 73.86 0 19.8 1.26 1.58 3.5 9 

2003 343 0 693 7.604 7.58 0.024 3.5 70.72 0 21.66 1.38 2.4 3.83 10 

2003 14 0 694 7.603 7.58 0.023 3.4 70.64 0 22.28 1.42 1.73 3.94 11 

2003 28 0 671 7.601 7.58 0.021 3.4 70.49 0 22.23 1.42 1.94 3.93 12 

2003 284 0 688 7.599 7.58 0.019 3.7 72.91 0 21.13 1.35 0.88 3.73 13 

2003 114 0 693 7.599 7.58 0.019 3 67.71 0 24.2 1.54 2.28 4.28 14 

2003 262 0 693 7.597 7.58 0.017 4 73.68 0 19.75 1.26 1.82 3.49 15 

2003 135 0 693 7.597 7.58 0.017 3.3 69.82 0 22.69 1.44 2.04 4.01 16 

2003 325 0 693 7.596 7.58 0.016 3.5 71.16 0 21.8 1.39 1.8 3.85 17 

2003 176 0 694 7.596 7.58 0.016 3.7 72.37 0 20.97 1.34 1.62 3.71 18 

2003 271 0 682 7.595 7.58 0.015 4 74.49 0 19.97 1.27 0.73 3.53 19 

2003 76 0 693 7.594 7.58 0.014 3.1 68.88 0 23.82 1.52 1.56 4.21 20 
Ranked Daily Visibility Change for Wolf Island (Top 25 Days Over Three Years) 

 % of Modeled Extinction by Species 

YEAR DAY REC DV(Total) DV(BKG) DELTA DV F(RH) %_SO4 %_NO3 %_OC %_EC %_PMC %_PMF Ranking

2002 308 688 7.676 7.580 0.096 3.5 70.68 0.00 21.65 1.38 2.46 3.83 1 

2003 252 693 7.663 7.580 0.083 4.0 73.51 0.00 19.70 1.26 2.04 3.48 2 

2001 272 693 7.633 7.580 0.053 4.0 73.50 0.00 19.70 1.25 2.05 3.48 3 

2002 307 694 7.633 7.580 0.053 3.5 70.86 0.00 21.71 1.38 2.21 3.84 4 

2002 1 694 7.622 7.580 0.042 3.5 71.32 0.00 21.85 1.39 1.58 3.86 5 

2001 45 666 7.622 7.580 0.042 3.1 68.80 0.00 23.79 1.52 1.69 4.21 6 

2002 126 688 7.621 7.580 0.041 3.3 70.24 0.00 22.82 1.45 1.45 4.03 7 

2003 83 694 7.619 7.580 0.039 3.1 68.12 0.00 23.56 1.50 2.66 4.16 8 

2003 335 688 7.617 7.580 0.037 3.5 70.78 0.00 21.68 1.38 2.33 3.83 9 

2001 11 693 7.615 7.580 0.035 3.4 70.17 0.00 22.13 1.41 2.38 3.91 10 

2002 155 688 7.615 7.580 0.035 3.7 71.85 0.00 20.82 1.33 2.33 3.68 11 

2001 260 688 7.614 7.580 0.034 4.0 73.93 0.00 19.82 1.26 1.49 3.50 12 

2001 365 688 7.613 7.580 0.033 3.5 71.38 0.00 21.86 1.39 1.49 3.86 13 

2002 331 688 7.613 7.580 0.033 3.5 71.28 0.00 21.83 1.39 1.64 3.86 14 

2002 312 688 7.613 7.580 0.033 3.5 71.19 0.00 21.81 1.39 1.76 3.85 15 

2001 291 688 7.612 7.580 0.032 3.7 72.58 0.00 21.03 1.34 1.33 3.72 16 

2002 2 694 7.612 7.580 0.032 3.4 71.07 0.00 22.41 1.43 1.13 3.96 17 

2003 292 688 7.612 7.580 0.032 3.7 72.07 0.00 20.88 1.33 2.02 3.69 18 

2003 279 693 7.610 7.580 0.030 3.7 72.13 0.00 20.90 1.33 1.94 3.69 19 

2003 256 694 7.608 7.580 0.028 4.0 74.08 0.00 19.86 1.26 1.28 3.51 20 

2001 55 694 7.607 7.580 0.027 3.1 68.78 0.00 23.79 1.52 1.72 4.20 21 

2003 356 688 7.607 7.580 0.027 3.5 70.72 0.00 21.66 1.38 2.40 3.83 22 

2003 347 688 7.607 7.580 0.027 3.5 71.02 0.00 21.75 1.39 1.99 3.85 23 

2003 251 693 7.607 7.580 0.027 4.0 73.86 0.00 19.80 1.26 1.58 3.50 24 

2001 356 693 7.606 7.580 0.026 3.5 70.77 0.00 21.68 1.38 2.34 3.83 25