NATL INST OF STAND & TECH

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Nora H. Jason

Center for Fire Research

iMationa! Engineering Laboratory

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, O.C. 20234

July 1973

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DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

10MAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

NBSIR 78-1504

FIRE RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS,

1377

Nora H. Jason

Center for Fire Research

National Engineering Laboratory

National 3ureau of Standards

Washington, D C. 20234

July 1978

Final Report

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Juanita M. Kreps, Secretary

Dr. Sidney Harman, Under Secretary

Jordan J. Baruch, Assistant Secretary for Science and Technology

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Ernest Ambier, Director

"Fire Research Publications , 1977" is a supplement to the

previous editions:

1969-72 NBSIR 73-246 NTIS Order No. COM-74-109S9 $3.25

1973 NBSIR 74-511 COM-74-11448 $3.25

1974 NBSIR 75-736 COM-75-11018 $3.25

1975 NBSIR 76-1120 PB-257837 $3.50

1976 NBSIR 77-1277 PB-269965 $3.50

Only publications prepared by members of the Center for Fire Research

(CFR) , by other National Bureau of Standards (NBS) personnel or external laboratories under contract or grant from the CFR are cited.

Articles published in NBS house organs also are cited.

For documents that are available for purchase from either the

Government Printing Office (GPO) or the National Technical Information

Service (NTIS) , the specific order number and paper copy price (prices

are subject to change) have been included in the citation.

GPO documents are obtained by writing directly to the

Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office,

Washington, D.C. 20402. Indicate the SD Catalog No. for each document

requested. Orders must be prepaid. Remittance should be made by

check or money order payable to the "Superintendent of Documents, U.S.

Government Printing Office."

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Springfield, Virginia 22161. Indicate the NTIS Order No. for each

document requested. Microfiche copies of the documents also are available at a cost of $3.00 for domestic orders. All prices are subject to change. Orders must be prepared by check or money order

payable to "National Technical Information Service" or by utilizing

an NTIS form with your deposit account number.

iii
CONTENTS

I. Journal Articles and Conference Proceedings

II. National Bureau of Standards Publications

A. National Bureau of Standards Dimensions

B. National Bureau of Standards Interagency

Reports

C. National Bureau of Standards Technical Notes

III. Contract and Grant Reports

IV. Author Index

Page

1

2

2

4

4

8

v
I. Journal Articles and Conference Proceedings

Baum, H.R. Laminar Flow Induced by a Point Source of Heat. Journal of

Research of the Natinal Bureau of Standards - B. Mathematical

Science, Vol. 81B, Nos. 1 and 2, 45-60, January-June 1977.

Bright, R.G. NBS Answers FEMA's Criticisms of the Indiana Dunes Tests

of Residential Smoke Detectors. Fire Journal, Vol. 71, No. 5,

47-49, 99, September 1977.

Gross, D. Measurements of Fire Loads and Calculations of Fire Severity

Wood & Fiber, Vol. 9, No. 1, Special Fire Symposium Issue, Part 1 Spring 1977.

King, D.S., Schenck, P.K., Smyth, K.C. and Travis, J.C. Direct

Calibration of Laser Wavelength and Bandwidth Using the

Optogalvanic Effect in Hollow Cathode Lamps. Applied Optics,

Vol. 16, 2617-2619, October 1977.

Krasny, J.F. and Peacock, R.D. Comments on Flammability Assessment of

Apparel Fabrics. Textile Chemist and Colorist, Vol. 9,

No. 4, 32-33, April 1977.

McCaffrey, 3.J. and Heskestad, G. A Robust Bidirectional Low-Velocity

Probe for Flame and Fire Application. Combustion and Flame,

Vol. 26, No. 1, 125-127, February 1976.

McCaffrey, 3.J. and Rockett, J.A. Static Pressure Measurements of

Enclosure Fires. Journal of Research of the National Bureau of

Standards, Vol. 82, No. 2, 107-117, September-October 1977.

McCarter, R.J. Smoldering Combustion of Cotton and Rayon. In:

Proceedings of the 1977 Symposium on Textile Flammability,

Le31anc Research Corporation, New Orleans, April 20-21, 1977.

Journal of Consumer Product Flammability , Vol . 4, 346-353,

December 1977.

Miles, L.B. The Burning Behavior of Borderline Fabrics. In:

Proceedings of the 1977 Symposium on Textile Flammability,

LeBlanc Research Corporation, New Orleans, April 20-21, 1977.

Mulholland, G.W., Lee, T.G. and Baum, H.R. The Coagulation of

Aerosols with Broad Initial Size Distributions. Journal of

Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 62, No. 3, 406-420,

December 1977.

Quintiere, J., McCaffrey, B.J. and Kashiwagi, T. A Scaling Study of

a Corridor Subject to a Room Fire. Presented at the Heat

Transfer Division of the American Society of Mechanical

Engineers, ASME Paper No. 77-HT-72, Salt Lake City, Utah,

August 15-17, 1977.

1
Schenck, P.K., King, D.S., Smyth, K.C., Travis, J.C. and Turk, G.C.

New Analytical and Spectroscopic Tool - The Opto-Galvanic Effect.

International Conference on Lasers in Chemistry, Proc., pp. 431-435,

London, May 29-June 2, 1977.

Slater, J.A. Data Systems and Fire Casualty Information. In: Fire

Casualties, Proceedings of the First Conference and Workshop,

Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Maryland,

May 28-29, 1975.

II. National Bureau of Standards Publications

A. National Bureau of Standards Dimensions

Fire Research with the Gypsum Industry. NBS Dimensions, Vol. 61,

No. 1, 20, January 1977. GPO C13 . 13/ January/1977

;

$1.05.

Lyons, J. Fire Research. NBS Dimensions, Vol. 61, No. 3, 2,

March 1977. GPO, order as C13 . 13/March/1977 ; $1.05.

B. National Bureau of Standards Interagency Reports

NBSIR 77-1209 Benjamin, I. A., Fung, F. and Roth, L. Control of Smoke

Movement in Buildings: A Review. July 1977. Final

Report. NTIS Order No. PB-269866; $4.00.

NBSIR 77-1222 Lee, T.G. Reproducibility of the Radiant Panel Test

Method (ASTM E 162-67) Using Polyurethane Foam,

Neoprene and Hardboard Specimens. March 1977. Final

Report. NTIS Order No. PB-265089; $4.00.

NBSIR 77-1225 Fung, F.C.W. and Zile, R.H. Test and Evaluation of the

Smoke Control Capabilities of the San Diego Veterans

Administration Hospital. April 1977. Final Report.

NTIS Order No. PB-270856; $8.00.

NBSIR 77-1234 Birky, M.M. Hazard Characteristics of Combustion

Products in Fires: The State-of-the-Art Review. May

1977. Final Report. NTIS Order No. PB-267828; $4.00.

NBSIR 77-1236 Zawistowski, E.A., Krasny, J.F., Braun, E. , Peacock, R.

and Williams, N. The Measurement of Fabric Flammability

Parameters in Experiments Simulating Human Movement in

Bum Accidents. June 1977. Final Report. NTIS Order

No. PB-268902 ; $4.00.

NBSIR 77-1251 Calvano, N.J. Considerations in Establishing

Performance Criteria for Structural Firefighters’

Helmets. May 1977. NTIS Order No. PB-269531; $5.50.

2
NBSIR 77-1260

NBSIR 77-1264

NBSIR 77-1265

NBSIR 77-1273

NBSIR 77-1277

NBSIR 77-1282

NBSIR 77-1287

NBSIR 77-1290

NBSIR 77-1295

NBSIR 77-1302

NBSIR 77-1308

NBSIR 77-1312

Fung, F.C.W. A Computer Program for the Thermal Analysis

of the Fire Endurance of Construction Walls. May 1977.

Final Report. NTIS Order No. PB-268112; S4.50.

Jason, N.H. Fire Research Specialists: A Directory.

July 1977. NTIS Order No. PB-272475; $7.25.

Lawson, J.R. An Evaluation of Fire Properties of Generic

Gypsum Board Products. August 1977. Final Report.

NTIS Order No. PB-271097; $4.50.

Nelson, H.E. Directions to Improve Application of

Systems Approach to Fire Protection Requirements for

Buildings. September 19 75-December 1976. July 1977.

Interim Report. NTIS Order No. PB-276004; $4.50.

Jason, N.H. Fire Publication, 1976. July 1977. Final

Report. NTIS Order No. PB-269965; $3.50.

Hayes, Jr., W.D. and Custer, R.L.r. Investigation of the

Suitability of Light Duty Pipe Hangers for Use in

Residential and Care Type Sprinkler Systems. October

1977. Final Report.. NTIS Order No. PB-273575; $4.50.

Liu, S.T. Analytical and Experimental Study of

Evaporative Cooling and Room Fire Suppression by

Corridor Sprinkler System. October 1977. Final Report.

NTIS Order No. PB-273576; $5.25.

Babrauskas , V. Combustion of Mattresses Exposed to

Flaming Ignition Sources. Part 1: Full-Scale Tests

and Hazard Analysis. September 1977. Final Report.

NTIS Order No. P3-272064; $7.25.

Breese, J.N. Tests on Insulative Barriers as a Method

of Protecting Neoprene Core Mattresses. November 1977.

Final Report. NTIS Order No. P3-275170; $4.50.

Evans, D.D., Breden, L.H. A Numerical Technique to

Correct Heat Release Rate Calorimetry Data For Apparatus

Time Delay. November 1977. Final Report. NTIS Order

No. PB-275173; $4.50.

Huggett, C. Annual Conference on Fire Research. October

1977. Final Report. NTIS Order No. PE-2735S9; $9.00.

Lee, T.G.K. and Mulholland, G. Physical Properties of

Smokes Pertinent to Smoke Detector Technology. November

1977. Final Report. NTIS Order No. PS-274330; $4.50.

3
NBSIR 77-1313 Stahl, F.I. and Archea, J. An Assessment of the

Technical Literature on Egress from Buildings. October

1977. Final Report. NTIS Order No. PB-273944; $5.25.

NBSIR 77-1318 Quintiere, J., McCaffrey, B., Kasniwagi, T., Den Braven,

K. , et al. The Impact of a Room Fire on a Corridor

with Considerations of Fuel Load, Ventilation and

Scaling. November 1977. Final Report. NTIS Order No.

PB-273942 ; $5.25.

NBSIR 77-1381 Buchbinder, B., Helzer, S.G., and Offensend, F.L.

Preliminary Report on Evaluating Alternatives for

Reducing Upholstered Furniture Fire Losses. November

1977. Preliminary Report. NTIS Order No. PB-273943;

$4.50.

C. National Bureau of Standards Technical Notes

NBS TN 945 Parker, W.J. An Investigation of the Fire Environment

in the ASTM E84 Tunnel Test. August 1977. GPO. SD

Catalog No. C13 . 10 : 46 : 945 ; $2.20.

III. Contracts and Grants

FAA-RD-77-47 Manka, M.J., Pierce, H. and Huggett, C. Studies of the

Flash Fire Potential of Aircraft Cabin Interior

Materials. December 1977. Final Report. NTIS Order

No. AD-A048475 / 8 ST ; $4.50.

NBS-GCR-77-82 Harpe, S.W., Waterman, T.E., and Christian, W.J.

Detector Sensitivity and Siting Requirements for

Dwellings - Phase 2. July 1976. Final Report. NBS

Contract No. 4-36092. NTIS Order No. PB-263882; $10.00.

NBS-GCR-77-83 Ho, C.Y., Desai, P.D., Wu, K.Y. , Havill, T.N. and Lee,

T.Y. Thermophysical Properties of Polystyrene and Poly

(Vinyl Chloride). March 1977. Final Report. NBS

Contract 510374. NTIS Order No. PB-265228; $5.50.

NBS-GCR-77-84 Yang, K.T. and Chang, L.C. UNDSAFE-1; A Computer Cede

for Buoyant Flow in an Enclosure. March 1, 1977.

TR-79002-71-1 . NBS Grant G7-9002. NTIS Order No.

PB-267287; $5.50.

NBS-GCR-77-85 Alarie, Y. and Barrow, S.C. Toxicity of Plastic

Combustion Products. Toxicological Methodologies to

Assess the Relative Hazards of Thermal Decomposition

Products from Polymeric Materials. February 1976/1977.

NBS Grant No. 5-9005. NTIS Order No. PB-267233; $9.75.

4
NBS-GCR-77-86 Heskestaa, G. and Delichatsios , M.A. Environments of

Fire Detectors - Phase 1: Effect of Fire Size, Ceiling

Height and Materials. Volume 1. Measurements. FMRC

Serial No. 22427. May 1977. NBS Grant No. 6-9001.

NTIS Order No. PB-272882; $9.25.

NBS-GCR-77-90 Spivak, S.M., Block, I., Smith, B.F., Yeh, K. , Bhat, G.R.,

Sun, R.L., Miles, L., Fairall, P. and Potthoff, P.

Extinguishability as a Component Measure of Flammability

Hazard. April 1977. NBS Grant 4-9010. NTIS Order

No. PB-269487 ; $7.50.

NBS-GCR-77-92 Stahl, F.I. Simulating Human Behavior in High-Rise

Building Fires: Modeling Occupant Movement Through a Fire Floor from Initial Alert to Safe Egress. June 26,

1975/August 1977. NTIS Order No. PB-273166; $5.25.

NBS-GCR-77-93 Lerup, L., Cronrath, D. and Liu, J.K.C. Human Behavior

in Institutional Fires and Its Design Implication.

February 28, 1977. Final Report. NBS Grant No. 6-9013.

NTIS Order No. PB-271980; $9.00.

NBS-GCR-77-94 Bryan, J.L. Smoke as a Determinant of Human Behavior in

Fire Situations (Project People). June 30, 1977. Final

Report. NBS Grant No. 4-9027. NTIS Order No.

PB-271755 ; $11.75.

NBS-GCR-77-95 Heskestad, G. and Delichatsios, M.A. Environments of

Fire Detectors - Phase 1: Effect of fire Size, Ceiling

Height and Materials. Vol. 2. Analysis. July 1977.

FMRC Serial No. 22427. NTIS Order No. PB-272883;

$7.25.

NBS-GCR-77-96 Hookins, D.L. Fabric and Dye Variations as Flammability

Determinants: An Application of the Mushroom Apparel

Flammability Tester. August 1977. Final Report. NBS

Grant No. 4-9019. NTIS Order No. PB-230993; $6.50.

NBS-GCR-77-97 Veldman, C.C., Kubota, T. and Zukoski, E.E. An

Experimental Investigation of the Heat Transfer trom

a Buoyant Gas Plume to a Horizontal Ceiling - Part 1:

Unobstructed Ceiling. March - June 1, 1975. Quarterly

Progress Report. NBS Grant No. 5-9004. NTIS Order

No. PB-272069; $6.50.

5
NBS-GCR-77-98 Zukoski, E.E. and Kubota, T. An Experimental

Investigation of the Heat Transfer from a Buoyant Gas

Plume to a Horizontal Ceiling - Part 2: Effects of

Ceiling Layer. June-September 1, 1975. Quarterly

Progress Report. NBS Grant No. 5-9004. NTIS Order

No. PB-280746 ; $6.00.

NBS-GCR-77-99 Durbetaki, P., Tincher, W.C., Lloyd, L.R., Lowerly, R.P.,

Tingle, W.J. and Wolfe, Jr., V.L. Prediction of Fire

Hazard from Fabrics and Building Materials. February 28,

1977. Fifth Research Report. NBS Grant No.

AEN72-03359 A04. NTIS Order No. PB-273977; $10.75.

NBS-GCR-77-102 Keating, J.P. and Loftus, E.F. Vocal Emergency Alarms

in Hospitals and Nursing Facilities: Practice and

Potential. July 1977. Final Report. NBS Grant

No. 6-9015. NTIS Order No. PB-273165; $4.50.

NBS-GCR-77-103 Watts, J. Goal Oriented Systems Approach. July 12,

1977. NBS Grant No. 7-9007. NTIS Order No. PB-273174;

$6.50.

NBS-GCR-77-105 Beyler, C.L. Effect of Selected Variables on the

Distribution of Water from Automatic Sprinklers. June

1977. NBS Grant No. 4-36092. NTIS Order No. PB-275083,

$5.25.

NBS-GCR-77-106 Lerup, L. People in Fires: A Manual for Mapping. 1977.

NBS Grant No. 5-9016. NTIS Order No. PB-275155; $4.50.

NBS-GCR-77-108 Waterman, T. Fire Development in a Room - A Bibliography,

August 1976. NBS Grant No. 5-9018. NTIS Order No.

PB-278634 ; $11.00.

NBS-GCR-77-110 Waterman T.E. and Pape, R. A Study of the Development

of Room Fires. September 1976. NBS Grant No. 5-9018.

NTIS Order No. PB-278648; $6.00.

NBS-GCR-77-111 Pape, R., Mavec, J., Kalkbrenner, D. and Waterman, T.

Semistochastic Approach to Predicting the Development

of a Fire in a Room from Ignition to Flashover. Program

Documentation and Users Guide. June 1976. NBS Grant

No. 5-9018. NTIS Order No. PB-278643; $6.00.

NBS-GCR-77-112 Pape, R. and Waterman, T. Semistochastic Approach to

Predicting the Development of a Fire in a Room from

Ignition to Flashover. Program Documentation and Users

Guide (Addendum). August 1976. NBS Grant No. 5-9018.

NTIS Order No. 278644; $4.00.

6
NBS-GCR-77-113 Pape, R. and Waterman, T. Modifications to the RFires

Preflashover Room Fire Computer Model. March 1977.

NBS Grant No. T-9022. NTIS Order No. PB-278820; $6.50.

7
IV. Author Index

A.

Alarie , Y. , 4

Archea, J . , 4

B

3abrauskas, V., 3 Barrow, S . C . , 4 Baum, H.R. , 1 Benjamin, I . A. , 2 Beyler , C . L . , 6 Bhat , G. R. , 5 Birky, M.M. , 2 Block, I. , 5 Braun, E. , 2 Breden, L.H. , 3 Breese, J.N. , 3 3right, R.G., 1 Bryan , J . L . , 5 Buchbinder, B. , 4

C

Calvano , N. J . , 2 Chang, L.C . , 4 Christian, W. J . , 4

Cronrath, D., 5 Custer, R.L .P . , 3

D

Delichatsios , M.A. , 5 Den Braven, K. , 4 Desai, P .D . , 4 Durbetaki, P. , 6

E

Evans , D .D . , 3

F

G

Gross , D . , 1

H

Harpe , S . W. , 4 Havill , T.N., 4 Hayes , Jr . , W.D . , 3 Helzer, S.G. , 4

Heskestad , G . , 1 , 5 Ho , C . Y . , 4 Hopkins, D.L. , 5 Huggett, C., 3, 4

J

Jason, N.H. , 3

K

Kalkbrenner, D., 6

Kashiwagi, T., 1, 2 Keating, J.P. , 6 King, D.S., 1, 2 Krasny, J.F. , 1, 2 Kubota, T., 5, 6

L

Lawson, J.R. , 3 Lee, T.G. , 1, 2 , 3 Lee, T.Y., 4

Lerup , L . , 5 , 6

Liu, J.K.C., 5 Liu, S.T., 3 Lloyd, L.R. , 6

Lof tus , E . F . , 6

Lowerly, R.P., 6

Lyons, J. , 2

Fairall , P . , 5 Fung, F. , 2, 3

8
M

Manka, M. J . , 4 Mavec, J. , 6

McCaffrey, B.J., 1, 4

McCarter, R. J. , 1 Miles, L.B. , 1, 5 Mulholland, G.W., 1, 3

N

Nelson, H.E. , 3

P

Pape , R. , 6 , 7 Parker , W. J . , 4

Peacock, R.D . , 1, 2 Pierce, H. , 4

Potthof f , P . , 5

0

Offensend, F.L., 4

Q

Quintiere, J. , 1, 4

R

Rockett , J . A. , 1 Roth , L . , 2

T

Tincher, W.C

Tingle, W.J.

Travis, J.C.

Turk, G.C .

,

V

Veldman, C.C

W

Waterman, T.

Watts, J. , 6

Williams, N.

Wolfe, Jr.,

Wu, K.Y., 4

Y

Yang, K.T.,

Yeh, K., 5

Z

Zawistowski

,

Zile, R.H.,

Zukoski, E.E

S

Schenck , P . K. , 1 , 2 Slater, J.A. , 2 Smith , B . F . , 5 Smyth, K.C., 1, 2 Spivak, S .M. , 5 Stahl, F.I., 4, 5

6

, 6

, 1 , 2 2

5

E. , 4, 6, 7

, 2 V.L., 6

4

E . A . , 2

2 5, 6

9
It 03. 1 I 4 A IHEV. 1 1-77)

U.S. DEPT. OF COMM.

BIBLIOGRAPHIC DaTA

SHEET

; 1. PUBLICATION OR REPORT NO.

j NBSIR 78-1504

2. Gov't Accession j 3. Recipient’s Accession No.

No.

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Fire Research Publications, 1977

5. Publication Date July 1978

6. Performing Organization Code

7. AUTHOR(S)

Nora H. Jason

8 . Performing Organ. Report No.

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20234

10. Project/Task/Work Unit No. 7513678

11. Contract/Grant No.

12. Sponsoring Organization Name and Complete Address (Street, City, State, ZIP)

Same as No. 9

13. Type of Report & Period

Covered

Fj-nai

14, Sponsoring Agency Code

15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

16. ABSTRACT (A 200-word or less factual summary of moat significant information. If document includes a significant

bibliography or literature survey, mention it here.)

"Fire Research Publications, 1977" is a supplement to the previous edition:

1969-72 NBSIR 73-246 NTIS Order No. COM-74-10989 $3.25

1973 NBSIR 74-511 COM-74-11448 $3.25

1974 NBSIR 75-736 COM-75-11018 $3.25

1975 NBSIR-76-1120 PB-257837 $3.50

1976 NBSIR 77-1277 PB-269965 $3.50

Only publications prepared by members of the Center for Fire Research (CFR)

,

by other National Bureau of Standards (NBS) personnel or external laboratories

under contract or grant from the CFR are cited. Articles published in NBS

house organs also are cited.

17. KEY WORDS (six to twelve entries; alphabetical order; capitalize only the first letter of the first key word unless a proper name; separated by semicolons) Bibliographies; building fires; carpets; compartment fires; fire

detection systems; fire suppression; fire tests; flame research; flammability

tests; smoke; smoke detectors; standards; toxicity.

19. SECURITY CLASS

(THIS REPORT)

[21. NO. OF PAGES

14

UNCLASSIFIED

20. SECURITY CLASS

(THIS PAG'eT

22. Price

UNCLASSIFIED

$3.50

13. AVAILABILITY E Unlimited

c For Official Distribution. Do Not Release to NTIS

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