# Patent

## Title
Use of the naked-tufted mutant in upland cotton to improve fiber quality, increase seed oil content, increase ginning efficiency, and reduce the cost of delinting

## Abstract

Described is a naked-tufted seed mutant line of Gossypium hirsutum L., developed from lines initially produced by chemical mutagenesis, which significantly reduces the formation of linters on the surface of the cotton seed. In a preferred embodiment, the lines carrying the naked seed mutation have reduced seed coat neps, reduced short fiber content, improved yarn quality, increased seed oil content, and improved AFIS fiber maturity. The naked-tufted seed of the mutant line significantly reduces the time and energy required for ginning, oil extraction, and reduces the need to delint the cotton seed prior to planting. In a preferred embodiment, the mutant is incorporated into a well-adapted commercial cultivar of upland cotton.

## Background
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application claims the benefit under Title 35 United States Code § 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/957,958; Filed: Aug. 24, 2007, the full disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.


FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to cotton cultivars, methods for producing the cultivars, and products obtained from the cultivars. The present invention relates more specifically to novel mutants, and methods for developing mutant lines, in upland cotton and their incorporation into an appropriate commercial cultivar in order to develop cultivars having “quality enhancing traits” without deleterious side effects.
DEPOSIT OF BIOLOGICAL MATERIAL
The following biological material has been deposited under the terms of the Budapest Treaty with the National Laboratory for Genetic Resources Preservation, 1111 S. Mason Street, Fort Collins, Colo., USA, and given the following number:












Deposit
Accession Number
Date of Deposit







M6:7 seeds Gossypium hirsutum L.
P1667553
Dec. 8, 2017









The seeds have been deposited under conditions that assure that access to the seeds will be available during the pendency of this patent application to one determined by the Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks to be entitled thereto under 37 C.F.R. § 1.14 and 35 U.S.C. § 122. The deposit represents Tufted-Naked Seed Upland Cotton Germplasm. The deposit is available as required by foreign patent laws in countries wherein counterparts of the subject application, or its progeny are filed. However, it should be understood that the availability of a deposit does not constitute a license to practice the subject invention in derogation of patent rights granted by government action.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Cotton is the world's leading textile fiber and it is grown on over six million hectares in the United States (US) (USDA-National Agricultural Statistics Service, 2005). Cotton is one of the leading cash crops in the U.S. Cotton fiber generates in excess of $6 billion per year, while cottonseed oil and meal add another $500 million per year to the total US agricultural economy. More than 440,000 domestic jobs are created by cotton production and processing which has a total impact of over $40 billion on the US gross domestic product (National Cotton Council 2005). U.S. cotton exports also contribute about $2 billion per year to our trade balance.
Cotton has been selected and cultivated primarily for its fiber. Although the seed now is used in the production of oil, meal, and dairy feed, its economic value to the modern farmer for these uses is low in comparison to the economic value of the fiber, which is used to produce yarn, fabric and textile garments. Despite the greater mass per acre of seed as compared to fiber, the even greater economic value per pound of fiber as compared to seed has encouraged plant breeders to select cotton primarily for increased fiber yield and fiber quality, and only secondarily for increased seed yield and seed quality. As a result of this intense selection for genetic improvements in fiber yield, the genetic contribution to fiber yield and lint percent has increased during the last 50 years while seed size has declined.
The 1.3 billion pounds of cottonseed oil produced each year make it the third leading vegetable oil in the U.S. The cottonseed industry is a $1.2 billion industry and has historically provided up to 15% of the gross return on cotton production. Thus, there is a need to increase the yield of cottonseed oil as well as cotton fiber yield and fiber quality, while simultaneously reducing the cost of producing these commercially important products.
Nearly 20% of the U.S. total cotton production (three million bales) occurs on the High Plains of Texas. Because of the relatively poor fiber quality of the cultivars adapted to this short growing season region, this cotton has historically been sold to low value markets. Currently, there is a need to improve cotton fiber quality and seed oil content and to reduce the cost of production for the cotton cultivars adapted to this region. Studies have been conducted to determine the inheritance of improvements in fiber quality in cotton. There is a need to develop cotton seed mutants which have the potential to improve fiber quality without introducing alien genes that may reduce adaptation to production regions having a short growing season.
Ideally, the incorporation of such traits into well-adapted commercial cultivars would speed up and reduce the cost of ginning, reduce the need for delinting cotton seed used for planting, increase seed oil content, reduce the need to remove linters prior to oil extraction, and improve cotton fiber quality by reducing seed coat neps and short fiber content, thus maximizing the economic value and commercial utility of cotton crops.
The use of chemically-induced mutants has been highly successful in most major crops grown across the world but has only occasionally been used in improving cotton (Auld et al., 1998). However, the relatively low level of genetic variability currently available in cotton would indicate this would be an ideal tool to increase genetic variability in this species. Mutagenesis has been shown to be an effective tool to create a wide range of phenotypic variation in both diploid and tetraploid Gossypium populations (Auld et al., 2000; Larik et al., 1983; Gaibullaev et al., 1976; Hussein et al., 1982 and Shattuck and Katterman, 1982). The creation of these new mutants is a powerful tool for both functional genetics and conventional genetic improvement of cotton.
The cotton cultivars adapted to the High Plains of Texas, unlike commercial upland cotton, have a narrow germplasm base that has limited the success of breeding programs attempting to improve fiber quality using conventional breeding techniques. Recent studies at Texas Tech University indicate successful mutagenesis in cotton from exposure of germinating embryos to high rates of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). These studies of mutant lines reveal significant potential for improvement of fiber quality in cotton. Such developmental studies using chemical mutagenesis for inducing heritable variation in cotton fiber quality show promise for cotton markets where fiber quality is at a premium.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a novel mutant in upland cotton combining improved fiber quality with increased seed oil content.
It is also an object of the present invention to provide a novel mutant in upland cotton which is easily distinguishable on the basis of naked-tufted seed coat from other cotton seeds.
It is another object of the present invention to incorporate a novel mutant in upland cotton into an appropriate commercial cultivar in order to develop cultivars that consistently express characteristics of improved fiber quality, increased seed oil content, and reduced production costs to significantly reduce both the time and the energy required for ginning, oil extraction, and delinting of cottonseed.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide novel cotton plants that can be used efficiently to produce parent lines possessing desirable agronomic traits.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a method for producing a novel cotton plant that has seed which has reduced seed coat neps and potentially reduced short fiber content.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a Gossypium hirsutum L. seed product of a substantially homogeneous assemblage of cotton seeds which has reduced seed coat neps, reduced short fiber content, and/or increased oil content.
In accomplishing the foregoing objects, there has been provided, in accordance with the present invention, a naked-tufted seed mutant of Gossypium hirsutum L., from lines initially produced by chemical mutagenesis, which significantly reduces the formation of linters on the surface of the cotton seed and does not have an excessive yield penalty, i.e., reduction in lint yield and percent lint.
In a preferred embodiment, the lines carrying the naked seed mutation have reduced seed coat neps, reduced short fiber content, improved yarn quality, and improved AFIS fiber maturity characteristics. There has also been provided in accordance with the present invention a mutant cotton seed which significantly reduces the time and energy required for ginning, oil extraction, and reduced need to acid delint cotton seed prior to planting. In a preferred embodiment, this naked-tufted seed mutant is incorporated into a well-adapted commercial cultivar of upland cotton to enhance crop quality and reduce processing costs.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram outlining the development of the mutant lines established according to the methods of the present invention.
FIGS. 2A-2D are photo images of sample assemblages of seeds of four cotton lines demonstrating differential expression of the “naked and tufted” phenotype after saw ginning: (A) naked seed; (B) partially naked seed; (C) partially fuzzy seed; and (D) fuzzy seed.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The narrow germplasm base of the upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), historically grown on the Texas high plains, has limited the improvement of fiber quality. Chemical mutagenesis and subsequent selection have helped the development of lines with improved fiber quality in cultivars adapted to this region. Based upon these developmental studies for inducing heritable variation in fiber quality, the present invention discloses a “naked seed mutant” which significantly reduces the formation of linters on the surface of the cottonseed. This mutant has been shown to significantly enhance oil content in cottonseed (r=0.68***). The naked seed mutant also has a profound impact on lint quality. The lines carrying the naked seed mutation have reduced seed coat neps (r=−0.47***), potentially reduced short fiber content, improved yarn quality and improved AFIS fiber maturity. These are the factors which have prevented successful development of ELS (Extra Long Staple) stripper varieties in Texas. This naked seed mutation can also significantly reduce both the time and energy required for ginning, oil extraction, and delinting of cottonseed. The present invention therefore provides characterization of naked-tufted seed coat mutants with respect to oil content, lint yield, lint percent, fiber quality, and yarn spinning performance.
FIG. 1 provides a schematic outline of the development of the naked-tufted mutant lines established according to the present invention. In 1996, six commercial varieties of cotton were treated with 2.45% v/v ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). In 1999, three M3 plants were identified that had partially naked (naked-tufted) seed coats. FIGS. 2A-2D show sample assemblages of seeds of four cotton lines demonstrating differential expression of the “naked and tufted” phenotype after saw ginning: (A) naked seed; (B) partially naked seed; (C) partially fuzzy seed; and (D) fuzzy seed. From 2001 to 2004, selections from the three M3 naked-tufted seed coat mutants were evaluated in replicated trials. These trials were conducted to stabilize this trait and to evaluate the impact of the naked-tufted phenotype on lint yield, lint percent, fiber quality, and yarn spinning performance. In 2001, the initial three mutants were visually screened for the expression of naked-tufted seed coats. Fifteen individual plants exhibiting the naked-tufted phenotype were selected and grown in the field in 2002. This process was repeated in 2003 and 2004 to generate 40 individual plant selections with naked-tufted seed coats. In 2005 and 2006, these 40 selections (M7 lines), three parental lines and five check cultivars of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) were evaluated for expression of the naked-tufted seed coat trait, lint yield and lint percent. The fibers harvested from these plots were analyzed at Texas Tech University using High Volume Instruments (HVI), Advanced Fiber Information Systems (AFIS), and standard yarn quality analyses.
These naked-tufted mutants appear to significantly reduce the occurrence of fuzz or linters (short fibers tightly attached to the seed coat in most upland cotton varieties). These mutants appear to be phenotypically similar to the “naked-tufted” mutant initially described by Endrizzi and Ray in 1991 (concluding that the Nt2 marker was a simple dominant gene, allelic to n2, and located on the long arm of chromosome 26). Initial interest in these phenotypes was based on the hypothesis that the removal of linters during saw ginning contributed significantly to increased short fiber content in upland cotton. Consequently, genetic elimination of the linters would reduce the short fiber content while simplifying ginning, oil recovery, and delinting of cottonseed.
Turley and Kloth had earlier reported on the impact of the N1/n1, N2/n2, and the N3/n3 genes on lint percent in cotton (Turley and Kloth, 2002). They proposed that only the genotype, n1n1N2N2N3N3, would generate a normal lint percent of 40.5%. A second study by Lee et al., reported on the gene expression of the N1N1 genotype and its impact on fuzz development (Lee et al. 2006). Neither of these studies, however, included analyses of the Nt2 allele or an estimate of its impact on lint percent.
Based on data collected on 2005 and 2006 fiber, it appeared that a selected line with a partially naked seed coat (SC 9023-NS-57-13-3) did have reduced short fiber content, enhanced maturity, and higher quality yarn that provided exceptional performance for ring spinning applications. However, not all partially naked or naked seed coat lines show similar performance, indicating that other factors in addition to seed coat characteristic impart short fiber content and fiber maturity. Detailed analyses of the data during 2005 and 2006 showed that the five naked-tufted seed mutant lines evaluated had lint percent (turn out) that ranged from 37 to 43% compared to 39 to 43% for the normal fuzzy parental check varieties. HVI analyses did not identify this line as superior, but AFIS analyses showed that fibers produced on the naked-tufted genotypes consistently had smaller neps (Nepsize), fewer seed coat neps (SCNCnt), and often a reduced percent of short fibers (SFCn). The naked-tufted phenotype was correlated with a reduction in seed coat neps (r=−0.47**) and an increase in seed oil content (r=0.68**). The present invention reveals that selected naked-tufted mutants have comparable lint yields and lint percent of both the parental cultivars and commercial check cultivars. Several of the mutants also have very good HVI and AFIS fiber quality. The tables below provide summaries of some of the more recent research data and analysis for the naked seed mutants indicating the further establishment of the above described results.
Table 1 reveals the lint yield, percent lint, and seed nakedness for selected naked seed mutants, their original parents, and two check varieties. This comparative data indicates that the incorporation of the naked-tufted seed coat trait does not significantly alter the lint yield or turnout of the mutant lines when compared to their original parents.







TABLE 1







Lint Yield, Percent Lint and Seed Nakedness for Some Naked Seed Mutants,


Their Original Parents and Two Check Varieties











Lint Yield
Turnout





















2006
2007
2007
2007

Seed



2006
2007
Mean
(LBB)
(LBB)1
(LBB)2
(Col. St)
Mean
Nakedness










Entry
lbs/acre
%
%



















Atlas
1369
1583
1476
40
39
44
37
40
0.00


Atlas-NS-129-2-1-1-1
1189
1524
1357
38
41
41
33
38
0.36


SC 9023
1346
1473
1410
40
37
40
36
38
0.00


SC 9023-NS-57-13-2-1
1374
1240
1307
39
37
39
34
37
0.37


Tejas
1334
1530
1432
41
39
42
37
40
0.00


Tejas-NS-28-13-3-1-1
1207
1393
1300
43
39
40
37
40
0.36


FM 989
1255
—
1255
43
—
44
—
44
0.00


FM 958
1481
—
1481
43
—
47
41
44
0.00


CV (%)
10.8
12

4.8
5.3
4.6
5.0

8.1


LSD (0.05)
202
265

2.0
3.4
3.4
8.4

0.05









Table 2 reveals the oil content and fatty acid composition for selected naked seed mutants, their original parents, and check varieties. This comparative data indicates that the incorporation of the naked-tufted seed coat trait generally increases seed oil content in the mutant lines when compared to their original parents.







TABLE 2







Oil Content and Fatty Acid Composition for Some Naked Seed


Mutants, Their Original Parents and Check Varieties.










Oil Content
Fatty Acid Composition*















2006
2007
Mean
Palmitic
Stearic
Oleic
Linoleic












Entry
%
(16:0)
(18:0)
(18:1)
(18:2)

















Atlas
15.4
20.1
17.8
24.5
2.7
19.6
49.6


Atlas-NS-129-2-1-1-1
17.4
20.3
18.9
22.5
2.8
19.3
54.3


SC 9023
14.8
18.4
16.6
25
2.7
17.4
51.5


SC 9023-NS-57-13-2-1
17.1
21.1
19.1
21.1
2.8
19.3
53.2


Tejas
15.9
20.7
18.3
23.6
2.7
19.8
50.8


Tejas-NS-28-13-3-1-1
16.9
19.9
18.4
24.1
2.9
18.1
51.7


FM 989
15.7
20.7
18.2
24
2.7
17.4
52.8


FM 958
15.8
20.5
18.2
24.9
2.7
18.7
50.5


CV (%)
2.4
5.2

4.8
6.5
5.6
2.5


LSD (0.05)
0.84
1.8

2.2
0.4
2.1
2.7





*Normal cotton on the average has 22% Palmitic, 15% Oleic, 49% Linoleic, and 2.7% Stearic






Table 3 reveals the lint per seed, fiber per seed, and fiber per mm2 for selected naked seed mutants, their original parents, and check varieties. This comparative data indicates that the incorporation of the naked-tufted seed coat trait generally reduces the lint per seed and the fiber per seed for the mutant lines when compared to their original parents. This data supports the commercial viability of cotton products from the mutant lines.







TABLE 3







Lint per seed, Fiber per seed, and Fiber per mm2 for some naked seed


Mutants, their original parents and check varieties.











Lint per seed
Fiber per seed
Fiber per mm2

















2006
2007
Mean
2006
2007
Mean
2006
2007
Mean










Entry
(mg)
(no.)
(no.)



















Atlas
68.6
70.3
69.5
17767
19462
18615
181
192
187


Atlas-NS-129-2-1-1-1
57.0
63.3
60.2
15206
19888
17547
157
206
182


SC 9023
66.9
65.7
66.3
17013
17706
17360
173
168
171


SC 9023-NS-57-13-2-1
59.3
56.7
58.0
15652
16416
16034
161
165
163


Tejas
69.4
74.7
72.1
18636
20989
19813
194
193
194


Tejas-NS-28-13-3-1-1
72.8
75.3
74.1
18893
20032
19463
181
177
179


FM 989
76.2
78
77.1
19834
19920
19877
210
201
206


FM 958
77.6
87
82.3
19223
21432
20328
196
209
203


CV (%)
7.0
6.5

7.2
10.0

7.2
9.7


LSD (0.05)
3.8
8.2

1019
3420

10.3
32.0









Table 4a reveals AFIS Data for selected naked seed mutants, their original parents and check cultivars. This comparative data indicates that the incorporation of the naked-tufted seed coat trait generally reduces the short fiber count (percentage by weight) in the mutant lines when compared to their original parents.







TABLE 4a







AFIS (Advanced Information System) Data For Some Naked


Seed Mutants, Their Original Parents and Check Cultivars.









Short Fiber Count (w)














2006
2007
2007
2007
2007




LBB
LBB1
LBB2
LBB3
Col. St
Mean








Entry
%
















Atlas
5.8
9.6
8.2
7.6
7.3
7.7


Atlas-NS-
4.9
7.1
6.9
5.8
7.4
6.4


129-2-1-1-1


SC 9023
6.2
8.9
6.5
6
6.3
6.8


SC 9023-NS-
5.0
8.7
7.0
5.9
5.6
6.4


57-13-2-1


Tejas
6.4
7.3
7.1
6.2
6.4
6.7


Tejas-NS-
4.5
6.6
7.2
5.7
5.8
6.0


28-13-3-1-1


FM 989
5.1
7.3
—
5.2
—
5.9


FM 958
4.8
7.4
6.5
4.6
6.2
5.9


CV (%)
11.2
7.7
12.8
23.4
9.1


LSD (0.05)
0.7
1.1
1.6
2.4
1.0





1= 2007 Lubbock Naked Seed Nursery


2= 2007 Lubbock Elite Lines Nursery


3= 2007 Lubbock Hand Ginned Naked Seed Materials






Table 4b reveals further AFIS Data for selected naked seed mutants, their original parents and check cultivars. This comparative data indicates that the incorporation of the naked-tufted seed coat trait generally reduces the seed coat neps (count per gram) in the mutant lines when compared to their original parents.







TABLE 4b







AFIS (Advanced Information System) Data For Some Naked


Seed Mutants, Their Original Parents and Check Cultivars.









Seed Coat Nep (Count)














2006
2007
2007
2007
2007




LBB
LBB1
LBB2
LBB3
Col. St
Mean








Entry
gm
















Atlas
25.3
9.3
5.7
26.7
12.3
15.9


Atlas-NS-
11.5
9.3
5.3
12.7
7.3
9.2


129-2-1-1-1


SC 9023
26.8
10.3
17
18
8.3
16.1


SC 9023-NS-
13.1
11.3
9.7
11.3
5.0
10.1


57-13-2-1


Tejas
25.9
14
9.7
12.3
9.7
14.3


Tejas-NS-
11.6
5.7
12.7
8
7.0
9.0


28-13-3-1-1


FM 989
18.6
6.7
—
8.3
—
11.2


FM 958
21.2
5.0
7.0
15.3
5.7
10.8


CV (%)
30.5
36.6
52.6
61.1
37.4


LSD (0.05)
4.44
5.7
9.0
15.1
5.3





1= 2007 Lubbock Naked Seed Nursery


2= 2007 Lubbock Elite Lines Nursery


3= 2007 Lubbock Hand Ginned Naked Seed Materials






Table 4c reveals further AFIS Data for selected naked seed mutants, their original parents and check cultivars. This comparative data indicates that the incorporation of the naked-tufted seed coat trait generally maintains the upper quartile length in the mutant lines when compared to their original parents.







TABLE 4c







AFIS (Advanced Information System) Data For Some Naked


Seed Mutants, Their Original Parents and Check Cultivars.









Upper Quartile Length














2006
2007
2007
2007
2007




LBB
LBB1
LBB2
LBB3
Col. St
Mean








Entry
in
















Atlas
1.21
1.19
1.20
1.21
1.14
1.19


Atlas-NS-
1.28
1.212
1.22
1.25
1.19
1.23


129-2-1-1-1


SC 9023
1.29
1.27
1.24
1.31
1.17
1.26


SC 9023-NS-
1.20
1.15
1.15
1.29
1.15
1.19


57-13-2-1


Tejas
1.16
1.2
1.16
1.24
1.14
1.18


Tejas-NS-
1.23
1.19
1.21
1.24
1.18
1.21


28-13-3-1-1


FM 989
1.29
1.24
—
1.29
—
1.27


FM 958
1.29
1.24
1.26
1.28
1.2
1.25


CV (%)
1.8
1.9
1.1
2.6
1.8


LSD (0.05)
0.02
0.04
0.02
0.06
0.04





1= 2007 Lubbock Naked Seed Nursery


2= 2007 Lubbock Elite Lines Nursery


3= 2007 Lubbock Hand Ginned Naked Seed Materials






Table 5 states the Pearson Correlation Coefficients for several parameters for selected naked seed mutants including: seed nakedness, percent oil, lint yield, and turnout. This data provides further support for the significance of the trends shown in the above data evidencing an increase in seed oil content, and the maintenance of lint yield and turnout.







TABLE 5







Pearson Correlation Coefficients for


Some Parameters for the Naked Seed Entries.


N = 10


Prob > /r/ under Ho: Rho = 0










Percent Oil
Lint Yield















Seed Nakedness
0.92696
−0.12867




0.0001
0.7232



Turnout
−0.73841
0.41342




0.0148
0.001










Table 6 shows the yarn quality for ring spun yarn 40Ne for selected naked seed mutants and their original parents. This data supports the commercial quality of the cotton products associated with the mutant lines.







TABLE 6







Yarn Quality for Ring Spun Yarn 40Ne for Some Naked Seed Mutants and Their Original Parents

















Count











Strength




Thin
Thick


Cultivars
Product
Elongation
Tenacity
Work
CV
Places
Places
N200
Hair



















Atlas
2140
5.9
13.0
317.0
20.0
158
958
642
5.0


Atlas-NS-129-2-1-1-1
2228
6.1
13.9
338.5
19.2
125
860
526
4.5


SC 9023
2240
6.1
13.8
340.4
18.8
101
735
466
4.4


SC 9023-NS-57-13-2-1
2312
6.3
13.8
347.2
18.0
68
582
375
4.3


Tejas
2192
5.9
13.7
318.2
19.3
144
852
535
4.5


Tejas-NS-28-13-3-1-1
2329
6.1
14.2
338.7
18.9
109
785
511
4.5









The lines carrying the naked seed mutation have reduced seed coat neps, potentially reduced short fiber content, improved yarn quality, and improved AFIS fiber maturity characteristics. Thus, the naked-tufted seed mutant may be critical to the development of ELS (Extra Long Staple) stripper varieties in Texas. It also appears this mutation could significantly reduce both the time and the energy required for ginning, oil extraction, and delinting of cottonseed. The superior fiber quality and improved energy efficiency obtained with the naked-tufted seed mutant will drive its rapid incorporation into new cultivars.
The naked-tufted seed mutant line of Gossypium hirsutum L., of the present invention, as developed from lines initially produced by chemical mutagenesis, therefore exhibits significantly reduced formation of linters on the surface of the cotton seed. In general, the lines carrying the naked seed mutation have reduced seed coat neps, reduced short fiber content, improved yarn quality, increased seed oil content, and improved AFIS fiber maturity. In addition, the naked-tufted seed of the mutant line significantly reduces the time and energy required for ginning, oil extraction, and reduces the need to delint the cotton seed prior to planting. Thus the mutant line of the present invention lends itself to incorporation into other well-adapted commercial cultivars of upland cotton to produce additional lines exhibiting the naked-tufted seed coat trait while continuing to produce commercially significant quantities of commercial quality fiber.
Although the present invention has been described in the terms of the foregoing preferred embodiments in conjunction with specific cultivars, plants, seeds, and seed products, this description has been provided by way of explanation only, and is not intended to be construed as a limitation of the invention. Those skilled in the art will recognize additional alternate embodiments of the present invention that might be directed to alternate cultivars, plants, seeds, and seed products. Such alternate choices for specific cultivars, where such are coincidental to the application of the methods, products, and resultant lines, do not necessarily depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
REFERENCES


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## Claims

1. A mutant cotton seed developed by subjecting an established line of Gossypium hirsutum, L. cotton seeds comprising an Atlas-NS-129-2-1-1-1 and/or a SC 9023-NS-57-13-2-1 cotton seed line to chemical mutagenesis and selectively bred to establish a phenotypic stable mutant cotton seed that exhibits:
a seed coat trait comprising:
a first surface area having a predominantly smooth (naked) surface and a second surface area having a tufted quantity of fiber, the first surface area being generally greater than the second surface area, and wherein,
the mutant cotton seed further comprising the characteristics of:
reduced linters on the surface of the seed,
reduced seed coat neps (SCN) on the surface of the seed,
reduced short length fibers associated with the seed, and
increased seed oil content when compared to the established line of Gossypium hirsutum L. cotton seeds.

2. A mutant cotton plant developed by subjecting an established line of Gossypium hirsutum L. cotton seeds comprising an Atlas-NS-129-2-1-1-1 and/or a SC 9023-NS-57-13-2-1 cotton seed line to chemical mutagenesis and selectively bred to establish a phenotypic stable mutant cotton seed that exhibits:
a seed coat trait comprising:
a first surface area having a predominantly smooth (naked) surface,
a second surface area having a tufted quantity of fiber,
the first surface area being generally greater than the second surface area, and wherein,
the mutant cotton seeds further comprising the characteristics of:
reduced linters on the surface of the seeds,
reduced seed coat neps (SCN) on the surface of the seeds,
reduced short length fibers associated with the seeds, and
increased seed oil content when compared to the established line of Gossypium hirsutum L. cotton seeds.

3. A mutant Gossypium hirsutum L. seed product developed by subjecting an established line of Gossypium hirsutum L. seeds comprising an Atlas-NS-129-2-1-1-1 and/or a SC 9023-NS-57-13-2-1 cotton seed line to chemical mutagenesis and selectively bred to establish a phenotypic stable mutant cotton seed, wherein the seed product consists of a substantially homogenous assemblage of mutant cotton seeds that exhibit:
a seed coat trait comprising:
a first surface area having a predominantly smooth (naked) surface,
a second surface area having a tufted quantity of fiber,
the first surface area being generally greater than the second surface area, and wherein,

the mutant cotton seeds further comprising the characteristics of:
reduced linters on the surface of the seeds,
reduced seed coat neps (SCN) on the surface of the seeds,
reduced short length fibers associated with the seeds, and
increased seed oil content when compared to the established line of the Atlas-NS-129-2-1-1-1 and/or a SC 9023-NS-57-13-2-1 cotton seed.

4. A mutant Gossypium hirsutum L. plant developed by subjecting an established line of Gossypium hirsutum L. seeds comprising an Atlas-NS-129-2-1-1-1 and/or a SC 9023-NS-57-13-2-1 cotton seed line to chemical mutagenesis and selectively bred to establish a phenotypic stable mutant cotton seed, wherein the mutant plant produces seeds that exhibit:
a seed coat trait comprising:
a first surface area having a predominantly smooth (naked) surface,
a second surface area having a tufted quantity of fiber,
the first surface area being generally greater than the second surface area, and wherein,

the produced mutant cotton seeds further comprise the characteristics of:
reduced linters on the surface of the seeds,
reduced seed coat neps (SCN) on the surface of the seeds,
reduced short length fibers associated with the seeds, and
increased seed oil content when compared to the established line of Gossypium hirsutum L. cotton seeds.

5. A cotton plant according to claim 4.

6. The cotton seed of claim 1, wherein the established line of Gossypium hirsutum L. cotton seeds is an established line selected from a group consisting of Atlas and SC 9023.

7. The cotton plant of claim 2, wherein the established line of Gossypium hirsutum L. cotton seeds is an established line selected from a group consisting of Atlas and SC 9023.

8. The Gossypium hirsutum L. seed product of claim 3, wherein the established line of Gossypium hirsutum L. cotton seeds is an established line selected from a group consisting of Atlas and SC 9023.

9. The cotton line of claim 4, further wherein the established line of Gossypium hirsutum L. cotton seeds is an established line selected from a group consisting of Atlas and SC 9023.

10. A mutant cotton seed developed by subjecting at least one of an Atlas or a SC 9023 line of Gossypium hirsutum L. cotton seeds to ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and selectively bred to establish a phenotypic stable mutant cotton seed that exhibits:
a seed coat trait comprising:
a first surface area having a predominantly smooth (naked) surface and a second surface area having a tufted quantity of fiber, the first surface area being generally greater than the second surface area, and wherein, the mutant cotton seed further comprising the characteristics of:

reduced linters on the surface of the seed,
reduced seed coat neps (SCN) on the surface of the seed,
reduced short length fibers associated with the seed, and
increased seed oil content when compared to the corresponding parent Atlas or SC 9023 line of Gossypiumhirsutum L. cotton seeds.