# Air

- Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI) Low

- GWP Alternative Refrigerants Evaluation Program (Low

- GWP AREP)



# TEST REPORT #8
System Drop

- In Tests of R

- 134a, R

- 1234yf, Opteon TM 

# XP10, R

- 1234ze(E), and N13a in a Commercial Bottle Cooler/Freezer

Doron Shapiro

Hussmann Corporation 12999 St. Charles Rock Rd. Bridgeton, MO 63044, USA

January 25
, 2013

This report has been made available to the public as part of the author company’s participation in the AHRI’s Low

- GWP AREP.

The tests in this report were conducted prior to the Low

- GWP AREP, and may not exactly meet the program’s requirements. The results were reviewed and accepted as they are useful and informative.

# List of Tested Refrigerants’ Compositions (Mass %)
R

- 1234yf R

- 1234yf (100) N

- 13a R

- 134a/R

- 1234yf/R

- 1234ze(E) (42/18/40) R

- 1234ze(E) R

- 1234ze(E) (100) Opteon TM 

# XP10 R

- 134a/R

- 1234yf (44/56)

# Page 2 1. Introduction:

From Oct ober 2010 through May 201 1 , Hussmann completed R

- 134a baseline testing and system drop

- in testing of R

- 1234yf
, Opteon TM 

# XP10 , R

- 1234ze(E) , and N13a in a commercial bottle c ooler/freezer. Figure 1 shows available bottle cooler s in this product line

.

Fig 1. B ottle coolers ( center unit, Model ARV

- 570
, was tested)
It is important to note that the results reported here were completed prior to the start of the AREP work. Nevertheless , Hussmann wishes to present the results, since they are relevant and useful

as part of the overall refrigerant evaluation program. I t must be understood that because the Hussmann tests were completed before the AREP work had started, parts of the test setup, conditions, and procedures may be different than specified in the AREP Participants Handbook.

2. Details of Test Setup:

a. Description of System
Figure 2 shows a photo of the test unit . A s shown, the unit had a single door, approximately 1.8 m (6 ft) tall. One important difference between this unit and typical bottle cooler s is that the test unit can operate below freezing, with a

- 5.6°C (22°F) setpoint. The unit is intended to be used with beer cans or bottles, and the

- 5.6°C setpoint is not quite cold enough to freeze beer. However, due to condensation, a layer of ice forms on a beer can when it is removed from the unit.

# Page 3 Fig 2. M odel ARV

- 570 used for drop

- in tests Note discharge air temperature display in upper right reads 23°F (

- 5°C)
The evaporator and evaporator fan are located in the top

- back of these coolers. The compressor, condenser, and condenser fan are located in the bottom. Other details are:

• Compress or: Fractional horsepower, hermetic, reciprocating type , 10.61 cm^3 displacement

• Nominal motor size: 270 W

• Condenser: Approximately 30 cm width x 28 cm height 3.3 cm depth, with 16 tubes total in an 8 x 2 staggered pattern with copper tubes and aluminum fi ns, 3.1 fins/cm

• Expansion device: Capillary tube 244 cm length with 1.24 mm ID. The capillary tube is piped through the suction tube, thus providing a liquid

- to

- suction heat exchanger.

• Evaporator: Approximately 49 cm width x 18 cm height x 7 cm depth, with 21 tubes total in a 7 x 3 staggered pattern with copper tubes and aluminum fins, 2.4 fins/cm

# Page 4 b. Description of Modifications to System

The normal refrigerant charge for these units is 266 g of R

- 134a. However, the additional charge needed to accommodate the refrigerant flow meter and connecting piping was calculated and included in the tests

. T hus
, 322 g of refrigerant was used for the tests. A refrigerant mass flow meter was installed in the compressor discharge line.

c. Description of Tests Conducted
Two types of tests were conducted: 1) “Steady

- state” tests with door opening/closing cycles in accordance with ASHRAE Standard 72

- 2005, Method of Testing Commercial Refrigerators and Freezers and 2) full pull

- down and half pull

- down tests in accordance with a soft

- drink bottler’s specifications.
A detailed discussion of these two types of tests is beyond the scope of this report, but in short, the ASHRAE tests measure d performance over a norm al operating cycle including automated door openings and defrost period. The full pull

- down test measure d performance with the full product load “soaked” at 32°C (90°F). Similarly, the half pull

- down test measure d performance with half the product load s oaked at 32°C.
The main objectives of the evaluation were:
a) Conduct performance tests in accordance with ASHRAE Standard No. 72

- 2005

• Two bottle cooler thermostat settings were tested
, - 5.6°C (22°F) and 3.3°C (38°F)

. • Two test cell ambient conditions were tested
, 23.9°C (75°F)/55% relative humidity and 26.7°C (80°F)/55% relative humidity

. b) Conduct full pull

- down and half pull

- down tests in accordance with a soft

- drink bottler’s specifications c) Compare performance values such as discharge air temperatures, pro duct simulator temperatures, suction pressure, discharge pressure, compressor mass flow, and compressor input power d) Repeat each series of tests with the refrigerants listed in Table 1 e) Note any other important observations

An overview of the tests conditions is shown in Table 1, and Figure 3 shows a flow diagram of the refrigerant circuit.

# Page 5 Table 1 : Overview of test conditions and refrigerants

Refrigerants: R

- 134a
R

- 1234yf Opteon TM 

## XP10

R

- 1234ze(E)
N13 a
Test type: ASHRAE 72 Full Pull

Down Half Pull

Down Test cell temperature °C (°F): 23.9 ( 75) 23.9 (75) 26.7 (80) 26.7 (80) 32.2 ( 90) 32.2 (90) Test cell relative humidity: 55% 55% 55% 55% 65% 65%
Bottle cooler setpoint, °C (°F): 5.6 (38) - 3.3 (22) 5.6 (38) - 3.3 (22) 5.6 (38) 5.6 (38)



# Fig 3. Flow diagram of refrigerant circuit

Tests were conducted in Test Cell No. 11 at the Hussmann R&D Lab in Bridgeton, MO, USA

. The following data were recorded:

• Compressor suction and discharge pressures

• Refrigerant mass flow rate

• Refrigerant pressure drops through evaporator, condenser, and refrigerant flow meter

• Compressor suction and discharge temperatures Condenser Evaporator

Compressor Filter Dryer Flow Meter Capillary tube

run through suction line Capillary tube

# Page 6 • Evaporator refrigerant outlet temperature

• Condenser a ir inlet and outlet temperatures

• Condenser refrigerant inlet and outlet temperatures

• Discharge air temperatures, 5 cm from left end, center, and 5 cm from right end of discharge air duct

• Return air temperatures, 5 cm from left end, center, and 5 cm from ri ght end of return air duct

• Test cell ambient dry and wet bulb temperatures

• Test unit voltage, current, and power

• Compressor current and power

• Evaporator fan power (checked once, not recorded continuously)

A PC

- based Data Acquisition System was used to rec ord measurements. Temperatures were recorded every 60 seconds

. P ower, pressure, and differential pressure values were recorded every 10 seconds. Data was summarized in spreadsheets in accordance with the corresponding test standard. Refrigerant propert ies were obtained using REFPROP Database 23, Version 8.0

3. Results

Table 2 Low GWP AREP system drop

- in test data form
Manufacturer: Hussmann Corporation Manufacturer’s Notation: ARV

- 57 0

Basic Information Alternative Refrigerants (If not proprietary, composition as Charged, % wt) Please refer to Table 1
Baseline Refrigerant and Lubricant R

- 134a/POE Make and Model of System Hussmann ARV

- 570 Nominal Capacity W 350 Mode Cooling Compressor Type Hermetic Reciprocating Compressor Displacement cm^3 10.61 Nominal motor speed, rpm Approx. 35 0 0 Actual motor speed Not Measured Expansion Device Type Capillary Tube Lubricant type POE, ISO10 Refrigerant composition at compressor inlet Please refer to Table 1 Note: The above basic information is the same for all tests, and therefore is included here only

.

# Page 7 3.1 ASHRAE 72 Tests
Tables 3 through 6 show averaged data over the duration of each test run. To make it easier to review the tables, each row has a number value and each column has a Test ID number.
Table 3 shows results at 23.9°C/55% relative humidity ambient conditions with the 3.3°C bottler cooler setpoint. Beginning with the left side of Table 3, three sets of baseline tests were conducted, Test ID Nos. 1, 2 and 3. Note the completion dates were 10/12/10, 2/16/11
, and 5/09/11. These tests were conducted with R134a at the beginning, middle, and end of the overall program to verify that the baseline performance was repeatable. For example, if something had gone wrong with the compressor or instrumentation, large changes would likely have been seen between these three tests.
As shown in Table 3, there were some modest differences among the three baseline measurements. For example, in Rows 11 and 12, the compressor mass flow dropped slightly from 6.37 kg/hr to 6.24 kg/hr and then further to 6.16 kg/hr, fo r Tests 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Thus, the mass flow was 3.4% lower in Test 3 versus Test 1. On the other hand, there was almost no difference in the compressor power (Row 66) for these three tests, with 116 W , 118 W and again 118 W for Tests 1, 2, and 3, respectively. One possible cause of these changes is slightly different refrigerant charge. Beginning in 2011, an improved scale was used to charge the system. The new scale had +/

- 1 gram (+/

- 0.0 36 ounce) precision versus the old scale, which had +/

- 7 gram (+/

- 0.25 ounce) precision.
Keeping in mind the three sets of baseline results, some main results in Table 3 are:

• Rows 9 and 10: The suction and discharge pressure, 205 kPa and 558 kPa, respectively of R

- 1234ze(E) were considerably lower th an the other refrigerants.

• Row 11 and 12: The mass flow rate of R

- 1234yf (Test 4) was 13.9% higher than the first baseline test (Test 1)

. • Rows 23 through 25: The discharge air temperatures were nearly identical for all tests. We would expect this result since discharge air temperature was the basis for cycling the compressor on/off.

• Row s 66 and 67: The compressor power was within +/

- 2.7% for all tests.

• Rows 69 and 70: The compressor run time for R

- 1234ze(E) (Test 6) was 21.5% higher than the first baseline test.

• Rows 79 and 80: The average cooling capacity for R

- 1234yf, XP10, R

- 1234ze, and N13a were 8.5%, 7.8%, 7.9%, and 5.2% lower, respectively

• Rows 80.1 and 80.2: The average COP for R

- 1234yf, XP10, R

- 1234ze, and N13a were 10.9%, 9.7%, 5.7%, and a gain 5.7% lower, respectively

# Page 8 Table 3 Results at 23.9°C (75°F)/55% relative humidity ambient conditions, 3.3°C (38°F) bottle cooler set point

Row 0 Refrigerant

1 Test type

2 Test ID no. 4 Test cell temperature setpoint db °C 23.9 23.9 23.9 23.9 23.9 23.9 23.9 4.1 Test cell temperature setpoint wb °C 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 5 Test cell relative humidity setpoint, % 6 Bottle cooler setpoint °C 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 8 Completion date 9 Suction pressure kPa 285 283 279 303 305 205 264 10 Discharge pressure kPa 702 704 704 730 727 558 674 11 Refrigerant flow rate kg/hr 6.37 6.24 6.16 7.26 6.58 6.50 6.53 12 Difference % 13 Refrigerant pressure drop evaporator kPa 1.39 1.83 1.67 1.36 1.70 2.97 2.90 14 Refrigerant pressure drop condenser kPa 1.43 1.53 1.43 1.53 1.58 1.21 1.50 15 Refrigerant pressure drop flow meter kPa 26.78 27.33 27.89 26.76 27.01 29.89 28.46 16 Compressor suction temperature °C 19.4 20.2 20.4 20.1 21.0 18.2 20.4 17 Compressor discharge temperature °C 40.0 40.9 41.3 41.3 40.9 40.0 41.6 18 Evaporator outlet temperature °C -0.2 0.7 1.0 1.3 1.9 0.0 0.9 19 Condenser air inlet temperature °C 23.9 24.0 24.2 24.1 24.2 24.0 24.4 20 Condenser air outlet temperature °C 25.8 26.0 26.2 26.0 26.1 25.7 26.3 21 Condenser refrigerant inlet temperature °C 32.1 31.9 32.2 32.8 32.9 32.0 32.8 22 Condenser refrigerant outlet temp °C 27.7 27.6 27.8 27.7 27.9 27.6 28.0 23 Refrigerated air discharge temperature 5 cm from left wall °C 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.4 24 Refrigerated air discharge temperature center °C 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.6 25 Refrigerated air dischrage temperature 5 cm from right wall °C 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.4 26 Refrigerated air return temperature 5 cm from left wall °C 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.8 27 Refrigerated air return temperature center °C 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.2 28 Refrigerated air return temperature 5 cm from right wall °C 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.3 29 Test cell dry bulb (1 of 2) °C 23.9 23.9 23.8 24.0 24.1 23.9 24.2 30 Test cell dry bulb (2 of 2) °C 23.4 23.6 23.5 23.7 23.8 23.7 24.0 31 Test cell wet bulb °C 17.6 18.1 18.2 18.1 18.3 17.8 18.2 40 Test cell relative humidity % 50 Product simulator temperatures 51 Integrated average product simulator temperature °C 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.1 52 {CTS} Integrated coldest product simulator. temperature °C 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.4 3.4 54 {WTS} Integrated warmest product simulator temperature °C 4.4 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.6 59 Refrigerant charge g 322+/-7 322 +/-1 322 +/-1 322+/-7 322 +/-1 322 +/-1 322 +/-1 61 Supply voltage 66 Compressor power W 67 Difference % 69 Compressor run time, % 70 Difference %

71 Evaporator fan power W (checked once, not recorded continuously) 73 Evaporating temperature (avg. of dew and bubble ) °C -0.8 -0.9 -1.3 -0.9 -1.5 -1.3 -1.8 74 Condensing temperature (avg. of dew and bubble) °C 26.8 26.9 26.9 27.9 27.8 28.8 27.2 75 Superheat at compressor inlet °K 20.1 21.1 21.7 21.0 22.5 19.4 22.2 79 Average cooling capacity W* 317 311 307 290 292 292 301 80 Difference % 80.1 Average COP (W/W) 2.72 2.64 2.60 2.43 2.46 2.57 2.57 80.2 Difference % 0.0% -3.0% -4.3% -10.9% -9.7% -5.7% -5.7% *Assumes saturated liquid at inlet of expansion device 120 118 120 121 120 122 121 117 0.6%

-0.2% 35.0% 35.0% -0.2% 21.5% 42.6% 37.0% 5.5% -2.3% 114 116 0% 2.7% 120 119 2.1%

2.4% 35.9% 1.3% 118

35.1%

0% 118 1.1% 35.1% 0.0% 57.6% 55.0% 55.6% 54.5% 57.4% 58.1% 56.1% 3.3% 2.0% 2.5%

0% -2.1% -3.4% 13.9% R-1234ze N13a

7 6

03/01/11 03/27/11

55 55 ASHRAE ASHRAE ASHRAE ASHRAE

11/28/10 01/11/11 R-1234yf Opteon TM XP10

55 55 5 2

55 R134a R134a

02/16/11 05/09/11 10/12/10 R134a

ASHRAE ASHRAE (repeat)

55 55 ASHRAE (repeat) 1 3 4

58 58 58 58 58 58 58

0% -1.9% -3.0% -8.5% -7.8% -7.9% -5.2%

# Page 9 Table 4 shows results at 23.9°C/55% relative humidity ambient conditions with the

- 5.6°C bottle cooler setpoint. Some main results in this table are:

• Rows 9 and 10: The suction and discharge pressures, 132 kPa and 592 kPa, respectively of R

- 1234ze(E) (Test 11) were considerably lower than the other refrigerants.

• Rows 11 and 12: The mass flow rate of R

- 1234yf (Test 9) was 19.6% higher than the baseline.

• Rows 23 through 25: The discharge air temperatures were nearly identical for all tests. Again, we would expect this result since discharge air temperature was the basis for cycling the compressor on/off.

• Row s 66 and 67 : Compared to the baseline, the compressor power values were 8.0% higher, 6.5% higher, 4.4% lower, and 1.4% higher for R

- 1234yf, XP10, R

- 1234ze(E), and N13a , respectively.

• Rows 69 and 70: The compressor run time for R

- 1234ze(E) (Test 11) was 18.1% higher than the baseline.

• Rows 79 and 80: The average cooling capacity for R

- 1234yf, R

- 1234ze, and N13a were 5.5%, 14.3 %, and 6.5 % lower, respectively

• Rows 80.1 and 80.2: The average COP for R

- 1234yf, XP10, R

- 1234ze, and N13a were 12.5 %, 9.5 %, 10.3 %, and 7.8 % lower, respectively
Table 5 shows results at 26.7°C/55% relative humidity ambient conditions with the 3.3°C bottle cooler setpoint. Some main results in this table are:

• Rows 9 and 10: The suction and discharge pressures, 201 kPa and 612 kPa, respectively of R

- 1234ze(E) (Test 16) were considerably lower than the other refrigerants.

• Rows 11 and 12: The mass flow rate of R

- 1234yf (Test 14) was 14.8% higher than the baselin e.

• Rows 23 through 25: As with the other test conditions, the discharge air temperatures were nearly identical for all tests.

• Row s 66 and 67: With the exception of R

- 1234ze(E) (Test 16), the compressor power values were within +/

- 2.5% of the baseline. R

- 1234ze(E) had 4.3% lower power than the baseline.

• Rows 69 and 70: The compressor run time for R

- 1234ze(E) (Test 16) was 20.0% higher than the baseline.

• Rows 79 and 80: The average cooling capacity for R

- 1234yf and R

- 1234ze were 5.1% and 5.3% lower, respectively

• Rows 80.1 and 80.2: The average COP for R

- 1234yf was 6.3% lower

# Page 10 Table 4 Results at 23.9°C (75°F)/55% relative humidity ambient conditions,

- 5.6°C (22°F) bottle cooler setpoint

Row 0 Refrigerant

1 Test type

2 Test ID no. 4 Test cell temperature setpoint db °C 23.9 23.9 23.9 23.9 23.9 4.1 Test cell temperature setpoint wb °C 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 5 Test cell relative humidity setpoint, % 6 Bottle cooler setpoint °C -5.6 -5.6 -5.6 -5.6 -5.6 8 Completion date 9 Suction pressure kPa 189 205 209 132 175 10 Discharge pressure kPa 796 822 829 592 749 11 Refrigerant flow rate kg/hr 8.06 9.64 8.68 7.41 8.04 12 Difference % 13 Refrigerant pressure drop evaporator kPa 2.90 4.13 3.89 3.29 4.51 14 Refrigerant pressure drop condenser kPa 1.41 2.29 1.92 1.62 1.68 15 Refrigerant pressure drop flow meter kPa 27.16 26.36 22.04 22.67 24.36 16 Compressor suction temperature °C 9.5 10.8 14.9 12.4 13.1 17 Compressor discharge temperature °C 47.7 47.7 49.7 47.9 49.8 18 Evaporator outlet temperature °C -10.2 -10.4 -9.3 -10.4 -9.9 19 Condenser air inlet temperature °C 23.6 24.2 24.1 23.4 24.1 20 Condenser air outlet temperature °C 25.6 26.3 26.1 25.2 26.1 21 Condenser refrigerant inlet temperature °C 36.8 38.3 39.1 36.6 38.6 22 Condenser refrigerant outlet temp °C 28.9 30.0 29.4 28.2 29.2 23 Refrigerated air discharge temperature 5 cm from left wall °C -6.4 -6.5 -6.4 -6.6 -6.6 24 Refrigerated air discharge temperature center °C -6.5 -6.6 -6.4 -6.7 -6.6 25 Refrigerated air dischrage temperature 5 cm from right wall °C -6.7 -6.8 -6.6 -6.9 -6.8 26 Refrigerated air return temperature 5 cm from left wall °C -4.8 -4.8 -4.7 -5.0 -4.8 27 Refrigerated air return temperature center °C -4.3 -4.3 -4.2 -4.5 -4.3 28 Refrigerated air return temperature 5 cm from right wall °C -4.3 -4.2 -4.0 -4.3 -4.2 29 Test cell dry bulb (1 of 2) °C 23.9 24.5 24.3 23.8 24.1 30 Test cell dry bulb (2 of 2) °C 23.4 24.1 24.0 23.7 24.1 31 Test cell wet bulb °C 17.6 18.3 18.4 18.5 18.2 40 Test cell relative humidity % 50 Product simulator temperatures 51 Integrated average product simulator temperature °C -4.6 -4.6 -4.5 -4.7 -4.5 52 {CTS} Integrated coldest product simulator. temperature °C -5.5 -5.5 -5.4 -5.6 -5.6 54 {WTS} Integrated warmest product simulator temperature °C -4.0 -3.9 -3.7 -3.9 -3.8 59 Refrigerant charge g 322+/-7 322+/-7 322 +/-1 322 +/-1 322 +/-1 61 Supply voltage 66 Compressor power W 67 Difference % 69 Compressor run time, % 70 Difference %

71 Evaporator fan power W (checked once, not recorded continuously) 73 Evaporating temperature (avg. of dew and bubble ) °C -11.5 -11.8 -11.7 -12.6 -12.6 74 Condensing temperature (avg. of dew and bubble) °C 31.2 32.4 32.7 30.8 30.9 75 Superheat at compressor inlet °K 21.0 22.6 26.6 25.0 25.7 79 Average cooling capacity W* 372 352 359 319 348 80 Difference % 80.1 Average COP (W/W) 2.25 1.97 2.04 2.02 2.08 80.2 Difference % 0.0% -12.5% -9.5% -10.3% -7.8% *Assumes saturated liquid at inlet of expansion device 60.6% 0% 0.0% 19.6%

53.9% 55.1%

178 165 0% 118 56.7% 60.0% 56.6%

168 1.4% 61.0% 0.7% 18.1% 71.6% 7.7% -8.2% -0.3%

-9.0% -1.5% 59.7% 8.0% 158 176 120

6.5% 55.1% -4.4% R-1234ze

ASHRAE

55

03/29/11 11/21/10 R-134a

ASHRAE

55 ASHRAE

55

03/06/11 10/07/10 R-1234yf

ASHRAE

55 Opteon TM XP10

ASHRAE

55

01/09/11 N13a

8 9 10 11 12

119 121 120

58 58 58 58 58

0% -5.5% -3.6% -14.3% -6.5%

# Page 11 Table 5 Results at 26.7°C (80°F)/55% relative humidity ambient conditions, 3.3°C (38°F) bottle cooler setpoint

Row 0 Refrigerant

1 Test type

2 Test ID no. 4 Test cell temperature setpoint db °C 26.7 26.7 26.7 26.7 26.7 4.1 Test cell temperature setpoint wb °C 20.1 20.1 20.1 20.1 20.1 5 Test cell relative humidity setpoint, % 6 Bottle cooler setpoint °C 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 8 Completion date 9 Suction pressure kPa 281 299 302 201 259 10 Discharge pressure kPa 766 783 792 612 727 11 Refrigerant flow rate kg/hr 6.88 7.90 7.39 7.04 7.06 12 Difference % 13 Refrigerant pressure drop evaporator kPa 1.58 1.68 1.85 3.46 3.09 14 Refrigerant pressure drop condenser kPa 1.43 1.59 1.87 1.26 1.77 15 Refrigerant pressure drop flow meter kPa 26.60 28.57 26.12 30.87 29.68 16 Compressor suction temperature °C 21.1 21.9 22.7 20.2 22.1 17 Compressor discharge temperature °C 44.7 44.8 46.2 44.4 46.0 18 Evaporator outlet temperature °C -0.6 1.2 1.4 -0.4 0.8 19 Condenser air inlet temperature °C 26.5 26.4 26.6 26.5 26.6 20 Condenser air outlet temperature °C 28.6 28.5 28.7 28.3 28.8 21 Condenser refrigerant inlet temperature °C 36.0 36.4 36.8 35.7 36.3 22 Condenser refrigerant outlet temp °C 30.7 30.6 30.9 30.5 30.6 23 Refrigerated air discharge temperature 5 cm from left wall °C 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.3 24 Refrigerated air discharge temperature center °C 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 25 Refrigerated air dischrage temperature 5 cm from right wall °C 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 26 Refrigerated air return temperature 5 cm from left wall °C 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.8 27 Refrigerated air return temperature center °C 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 28 Refrigerated air return temperature 5 cm from right wall °C 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.4 29 Test cell dry bulb (1 of 2) °C 26.8 26.6 26.7 26.8 26.8 30 Test cell dry bulb (2 of 2) °C 26.2 26.1 26.3 26.4 26.3 31 Test cell wet bulb °C 20.0 20.3 20.0 19.9 20.3 40 Test cell relative humidity % 50 Product simulator temperatures 51 Integrated average product simulator temperature °C 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.1 52 {CTS} Integrated coldest product simulator. temperature °C 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.4 54 {WTS} Integrated warmest product simulator temperature °C 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.7 59 Refrigerant charge g 322+/-7 322+/-7 322 +/-1 322 +/-1 322 +/-1 61 Supply voltage 66 Compressor power W 67 Difference % 69 Compressor run time, % 70 Difference %

71 Evaporator fan power W (checked once, not recorded continuously) 73 Evaporating temperature (avg. of dew and bubble ) °C -1.2 -1.3 -1.8 -1.9 -2.3 74 Condensing temperature (avg. of dew and bubble) °C 29.8 30.6 26.0 31.9 29.8 75 Superheat at compressor inlet °K 22.3 23.2 24.5 22.2 24.4 79 Average cooling capacity W* 328 312 336 311 321 80 Difference % 80.1 Average COP (W/W) 2.50 2.34 2.50 2.47 2.47 80.2 Difference % 0.0% -6.3% -0.1% -1.1% -1.2% *Assumes saturated liquid at inlet of expansion device 119 121 121 121 120

46.8% -4.3%

20.0% 41.1% 5.4% 132 0% 1.3% 133 135 2.5% 126 130 -1.1% 39.0%

0% -3.3% 37.7% 38.1% -2.2% 53.3% 56.4% 54.1% 52.9% 54.9%

0% 14.8% 7.3% 2.3% 2.5% ASHRAE ASHRAE

55 55

03/13/11 04/06/11

16 17 R134a R-1234yf Opteon TM XP10

55 55 R-1234ze

55

10/19/10 12/02/10 01/03/11 N13a

ASHRAE ASHRAE ASHRAE

13 14 15

58 58 58 58 58

0% -5.1% 2.4% -5.3% -2.3%

# Page 12 Table 6 shows results at 26.7°C/55% relative humidity ambient conditions with the

- 5.6°C bottle cooler setpoint. Some main results in this tab le are:

• Rows 9 and 10: The suction and discharge pressures, 127 kPa and 644 kPa, respectively of R

- 1234ze(E) (Test 21) were considerably lower than the other refrigerants.

• Rows 11 and 12: The mass flow rate of R

- 1234yf (Test 19) was 22.3% higher than the baseline.

• Rows 23 through 25: The discharge air temperatures were nearly identical for all tests.

• Row s 66 and 67: The compressor power values were 5.8% higher, 6.3% higher, 4.8% lower and 2.0% lo wer for R

- 1234yf, XP10, R

- 1234ze(E), and N13a , respectively.

• Rows 69 and 70: The compressor run time for R

- 1234ze(E) (Test 21) was 18.2% higher than the baseline.

• Rows 79 and 80: The average cooling capacity for R

- 1234ze and N13a were 12.9%, and 5.6 % lower, respectively

• Rows 80.1 and 80.2: The average COP for R

- 1234yf, XP10, and R

- 1234ze were 9.5%
, 7.2 %, and 8.6 % lower, respectively

3 .2 Full and half pull

- down tests
Table 7 shows full pull

- down results. Some main items in this table are:

• Rows 9 and 10: The suction and discharge pressures, 182 kPa and 789 kPa, respectively of R

- 1234ze(E) (Test 26) were considerably lower than the other refrigerants.

• Rows 11 and 12: The mass flow rate of R

- 1234yf (Test 24) was 19.9% higher than the baselin e.

• Rows 23 through 25: The discharge air temperatures were nearly identical for all tests.

• Row s 66 and 67: The compressor power values were 4.8% higher, 2.4% higher, 11.2% lower and 2.9% lower for R

- 1234yf, XP10, R

- 1234ze(E), and N13a , respectively.

• Rows 69 and 70: The compressor run times were within +/

- 2.2% with the exception of R

1234ze(E) (Test 26), which was 12.5% higher than the baseline.

• Rows 79 and 80: The average cooling capacity for R

- 1234yf, XP10, R

- 1234ze, and N13a were 6.2%, 6.0%, 9.9%, and 1.1 % lower, respectively

• Rows 80.1 and 80.2: The average COP for R

- 1234yf and XP10 were 10.5% lower and 8.1% , respectively

• Rows 108 and 109: The amount of time until compressor started cycling was within +/

- 5.2% with the exception of R

- 1234ze(E) (Test 26), which took 31.3% longer.

The compressor was relatively undersized for use with R

- 1234ze(E)

. In the pull

- down test, we

saw a main disadvantage of an undersized compressor

– longer pull

- down time.

# Page 13 Table 6 Results at 26.7°C (80°F)/55% relative humidity ambient conditions,

- 5.6°C (22°F) bottle cooler setpoint

Row 0 Refrigerant

1 Test type

2 Test ID no. 4 Test cell temperature setpoint db °C 26.7 26.7 26.7 26.7 26.7 4.1 Test cell temperature setpoint wb °C 20.1 20.1 20.1 20.1 20.1 5 Test cell relative humidity setpoint, % 6 Bottle cooler setpoint °C -5.6 -5.6 -5.6 -5.6 -5.6 8 Completion date 9 Suction pressure kPa 187 204 205 127 172 10 Discharge pressure kPa 836 863 894 644 795 11 Refrigerant flow rate kg/hr 8.19 10.01 9.29 7.80 8.35 12 Difference % 13 Refrigerant pressure drop evaporator kPa 3.67 4.42 3.86 3.13 4.37 14 Refrigerant pressure drop condenser kPa 1.59 2.52 2.23 1.84 1.97 15 Refrigerant pressure drop flow meter kPa 17.57 24.21 21.85 20.70 19.43 16 Compressor suction temperature °C 14.6 13.9 16.6 15.2 16.1 17 Compressor discharge temperature °C 52.5 52.3 54.1 53.6 53.6 18 Evaporator outlet temperature °C -10.6 -10.4 -9.7 -10.9 -10.0 19 Condenser air inlet temperature °C 26.1 26.2 26.3 26.0 26.2 20 Condenser air outlet temperature °C 28.2 28.3 28.4 27.9 28.4 21 Condenser refrigerant inlet temperature °C 41.0 41.9 42.9 41.5 42.3 22 Condenser refrigerant outlet temp °C 31.6 32.1 32.1 31.3 31.8 23 Refrigerated air discharge temperature 5 cm from left wall °C -6.4 -6.4 -6.4 -6.8 -6.5 24 Refrigerated air discharge temperature center °C -6.5 -6.5 -6.5 -6.9 -6.6 25 Refrigerated air dischrage temperature 5 cm from right wall °C -6.7 -6.8 -6.7 -7.2 -6.9 26 Refrigerated air return temperature 5 cm from left wall °C -4.6 -4.6 -4.6 -5.1 -4.7 27 Refrigerated air return temperature center °C -4.0 -4.1 -4.0 -4.5 -4.1 28 Refrigerated air return temperature 5 cm from right wall °C -4.0 -4.0 -3.9 -4.4 -4.0 29 Test cell dry bulb (1 of 2) °C 26.6 26.6 26.7 26.8 26.6 30 Test cell dry bulb (2 of 2) °C 26.1 26.2 26.3 26.5 26.4 31 Test cell wet bulb °C 20.0 20.3 20.1 21.3 20.3 40 Test cell relative humidity % 50 Product simulator temperatures 51 Integrated average product simulator temperature °C -4.3 -4.4 -4.3 -4.8 -4.4 52 {CTS} Integrated coldest product simulator. temperature °C -5.5 -5.4 -5.3 -5.7 -5.5 54 {WTS} Integrated warmest product simulator temperature °C -3.4 -3.5 -3.5 -3.9 -3.6 59 Refrigerant charge g 322+/-7 322+/-7 322 +/-1 322 +/-1 322 +/-1 61 Supply voltage 66 Compressor power W 67 Difference % 69 Compressor run time, % 70 Difference %

71 Evaporator fan power W (checked once, not recorded continuously) 73 Evaporating temperature (avg. of dew and bubble ) °C -11.7 -12.1 -12.2 -13.6 -13.0 74 Condensing temperature (avg. of dew and bubble) °C 32.9 34.2 35.6 33.7 33.0 75 Superheat at compressor inlet °K 26.2 26.1 28.8 28.8 29.1 79 Average cooling capacity W* 382 366 377 333 361 80 Difference % 80.1 Average COP (W/W) 2.11 1.91 1.96 1.93 2.03 80.2 Difference % 0.0% -9.5% -7.2% -8.6% -3.7% *Assumes saturated liquid at inlet of expansion device 118 120 122 120 119

-0.5% 65.8% 6.3% 192 172 -4.8%

-5.9% 62.3% 78.2% 18.2% 0% 66.2% -2.0% 177 0% 181 192 5.8% 62.6% -5.5% 54.5% 61.4% 55.8% 54.4% 56.4% 22.3% 13.5% -4.8% 2.0% 0% 03/10/11 04/03/11 55 55 ASHRAE ASHRAE ASHRAE R-1234ze N13a

21 18 19 ASHRAE ASHRAE Opteon TM

XP10

22

01/05/11 55 55 55

10/24/10 12/06/10 R134a R-1234yf

20

58 58 58 58 58

0% -4.2% -1.4% -12.9% -5.6%

# Page 14 T able 7 Full pull

- down test results

Row 0 Refrigerant

1 Test type

2 Test ID no. 4 Test cell temperature setpoint db °C 32.2 32.2 32.2 32.2 32.2 4.1 Test cell temperature setpoint wb °C 26.6 26.6 26.6 26.6 26.6 5 Test cell relative humidity setpoint, % 6 Bottle cooler setpoint °C 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 8 Completion date 9 Suction pressure kPa 251 271 268 182 238 10 Discharge pressure kPa 1043 1087 1081 789 979 11 Refrigerant flow rate kg/hr 9.96 11.94 10.80 9.77 10.40 12 Difference % 13 Refrigerant pressure drop evaporator kPa 2.64 2.46 3.23 4.00 4.00 14 Refrigerant pressure drop condenser kPa 2.12 2.45 2.36 2.26 2.15 15 Refrigerant pressure drop flow meter kPa 29.58 33.10 30.12 33.72 33.78 16 Compressor suction temperature °C 25.7 26.9 26.8 25.4 25.6 17 Compressor discharge temperature °C 63.3 64.1 65.2 60.2 63.1 18 Evaporator outlet temperature °C -0.6 -0.6 1.4 0.3 -0.2 19 Condenser air inlet temperature °C 33.3 34.2 33.3 32.3 33.1 20 Condenser air outlet temperature °C 35.7 36.9 35.8 34.7 35.7 21 Condenser refrigerant inlet temperature °C 51.9 53.4 52.8 49.4 50.9 22 Condenser refrigerant outlet temp °C 39.9 41.6 40.3 38.7 39.8 23 Refrigerated air discharge temperature 5 cm from left wall °C 2.4 2.5 2.6 3.0 2.7 24 Refrigerated air discharge temperature center °C 2.5 2.5 2.7 3.2 2.8 25 Refrigerated air dischrage temperature 5 cm from right wall °C 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.9 2.5 26 Refrigerated air return temperature 5 cm from left wall °C 4.7 5.0 5.0 5.4 5.1 27 Refrigerated air return temperature center °C 5.8 5.9 6.0 6.5 6.0 28 Refrigerated air return temperature 5 cm from right wall °C 5.6 5.9 5.8 6.3 6.1 29 Test cell dry bulb (1 of 2) °C 34.0 35.1 33.9 33.2 33.8 30 Test cell dry bulb (2 of 2) °C 33.2 34.4 33.3 32.6 33.2 31 Test cell wet bulb °C 26.7 26.2 27.0 26.6 26.8 40 Test cell relative humidity % 50 Product simulator temperatures 51 Integrated average product simulator temperature °C 7.6 7.8 7.8 8.2 7.9 52 {CTS} Integrated coldest product simulator. temperature °C 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.7 2.7 54 {WTS} Integrated warmest product simulator temperature °C 32.9 32.8 32.5 32.7 32.8 59 Refrigerant charge g 322+/-7 322+/-7 322 +/-1 322 +/-1 322 +/-1 61 Supply voltage 66 Compressor power W 67 Difference % 69 Compressor run time, % 70 Difference %

71 Evaporator fan power W (checked once, not recorded continuously) 73 Evaporating temperature (avg. of dew and bubble ) °C -4.2 -4.2 -5.1 -4.7 -4.6 74 Condensing temperature (avg. of dew and bubble) °C 40.9 43.3 43.1 40.9 40.7 75 Superheat at compressor inlet °K 29.9 31.1 31.9 30.1 30.2 79 Average cooling capacity W* 455 427 428 410 451 80 Difference % 80.1 Average COP (W/W) 2.13 1.91 1.96 2.16 2.17 80.2 Difference % 0.0% -10.5% -8.1% 1.4% 1.9% *Assumes saturated liquid at inlet of expansion device

100 Maximum compressor discharge temperature** °C 88.8 85.5 87.1 77.5 84.5 101 Maximum compressor suction temperature** °C 37.1 36.0 36.7 36.0 36.3 108 Amount of time until compressor cycling starts minutes 109 Difference % **Measured from start of test until the compressor first cycles off 72 hour minimum thermal soak time for pulldown and half pulldown tests 121 121 120 121 119 207 -11.2% -2.9% 61.9% 59.7% 0% 2.4% 219

-2.2% 61.0% 1.5%

31.3% 58 0%

291 291 -6.2%

0% 0.0% 305 4.8% 382 306 5.2% 190

68.7% 12.5% 224 4.8% 61.0% 0.0% 214 49.6% 58.6% 59.6% 58.0% 56.4% 19.9% 8.4% -1.9%

0% 4.4% R-1234ze N13a

Pulldown Pulldown Pulldown Pulldown Pulldown Opteon TM

XP10

65 65 65

12/14/10 01/18/11 03/16/11 05/04/11 65 65 25 26 27 23 24 R-1234yf

10/28/10 R134a

58 58 58 58

0% -6.0% -9.9% -1.1%

# Page 15 T able 8 shows half pull

- down results. Some main results in this table are:

• Rows 9 and 10: The suction and discharge pressures, 184 kPa and 756 kPa, respectively of R

- 1234ze(E) (Test 31) were considerably lower than the other refrigerants.

• Rows 11 and 12: The mass flow rate of R

- 1234yf (Test 29) was 17.4% higher than the baselin e.

• Rows 23 through 25: The discharge air temperatures were nearly identical for all tests.

• Row s 66 and 67: The compressor power values were 2.7% higher, 4.2% higher, 5.2% lower and 0.5% lower for R

- 1234yf, XP10, R

- 1234ze(E), and N13a , respectively.

• Rows 69 and 70: The compressor run times were 0.8% higher, 8.2% higher, 20.0% higher and 11.3% higher for R

- 1234yf, XP10, R

- 1234ze(E), and N13a , respectively.

• Rows 79 and 80: The average cooling capacity for R

- 1234yf, XP10, R

- 1234ze, and N13a were 6.8%, 6.9%, 7.8%, and 6.5% lower, respectively

• Rows 80.1 and 80.2: The average COP for R

- 1234yf, XP10, and N13a were 9.3%, 10.7%, and 6.1% lower, respectively

• Rows 108 and 109: The amount of time until the compressor cycling started were 10% lower, 3.8% lower, 40.8% higher and 50.8% higher for R

- 1234yf, XP10, R

- 1234ze(E), and N13a, respectively. The time until compressor cycling started for the N13a blend seems inconsistent with the other values. Given the other results, we expected this value to be closer to t he baseline. The cause of this unexpected result is not know n

.

# Page 16 Table 8 Half pull

- down test results

Row 0 Refrigerant

1 Test type

2 Test ID no. 4 Test cell temperature setpoint db °C 32.2 32.2 32.2 32.2 32.2 4.1 Test cell temperature setpoint wb °C 26.6 26.6 26.6 26.6 26.6 5 Test cell relative humidity setpoint, % 6 Bottle cooler setpoint °C 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 8 Completion date 9 Suction pressure kPa 258 276 263 184 229 10 Discharge pressure kPa 949 966 976 756 900 11 Refrigerant flow rate kg/hr 8.54 10.02 9.10 8.70 8.67 12 Difference % 13 Refrigerant pressure drop evaporator kPa 2.86 2.30 3.32 4.44 0.63 14 Refrigerant pressure drop condenser kPa 1.97 1.85 2.22 2.00 0.34 15 Refrigerant pressure drop flow meter kPa 25.39 32.02 26.58 29.41 4.16 16 Compressor suction temperature °C 25.0 25.0 25.1 24.9 25.1 17 Compressor discharge temperature °C 57.8 57.5 60.4 57.4 59.7 18 Evaporator outlet temperature °C -0.8 0.3 1.7 -0.9 1.2 19 Condenser air inlet temperature °C 32.1 32.0 31.5 32.3 89.5 20 Condenser air outlet temperature °C 34.4 34.5 33.9 34.6 93.6 21 Condenser refrigerant inlet temperature °C 47.1 47.1 48.1 46.8 117.4 22 Condenser refrigerant outlet temp °C 37.7 38.0 37.1 38.0 99.2 23 Refrigerated air discharge temperature 5 cm from left wall °C 2.0 1.9 2.2 2.1 2.2 24 Refrigerated air discharge temperature center °C 2.0 2.0 2.4 2.1 2.3 25 Refrigerated air dischrage temperature 5 cm from right wall °C 1.8 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.9 26 Refrigerated air return temperature 5 cm from left wall °C 3.9 3.8 4.0 4.0 39.5 27 Refrigerated air return temperature center °C 4.3 4.3 4.5 4.5 40.3 28 Refrigerated air return temperature 5 cm from right wall °C 4.5 4.4 4.7 4.7 40.6 29 Test cell dry bulb (1 of 2) °C 32.4 32.5 32.3 33.2 90.8 30 Test cell dry bulb (2 of 2) °C 32.0 31.9 31.8 32.6 89.8 31 Test cell wet bulb °C 26.5 25.8 27.1 26.7 79.0 40 Test cell relative humidity % 50 Product simulator temperatures 51 Integrated average product simulator temperature °C 5.6 5.5 5.7 5.7 5.8 52 {CTS} Integrated coldest product simulator. temperature °C 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.2 37.8 54 {WTS} Integrated warmest product simulator temperature °C 32.3 32.4 32.6 32.7 90.8 59 Refrigerant charge g 322+/-7 322+/-7 322 +/-1 322 +/-1 322 +/-1 61 Supply voltage 66 Compressor power W 67 Difference % 69 Compressor run time, % 70 Difference %

71 Evaporator fan power W (checked once, not recorded continuously) 73 Evaporating temperature (avg. of dew and bubble ) °C -3.4 -3.6 -5.6 -4.2 -5.7 74 Condensing temperature (avg. of dew and bubble) °C 37.4 38.6 39.0 39.5 37.5 75 Superheat at compressor inlet °K 28.4 28.6 30.7 29.1 30.7 79 Average cooling capacity W* 401 373 373 370 375 80 Difference % 80.1 Average COP (W/W) 2.24 2.03 2.00 2.18 2.10 80.2 Difference % 0.0% -9.3% -10.7% -2.7% -6.1% *Assumes saturated liquid at inlet of expansion device

100 Maximum compressor discharge temperature** °C 81.1 79.7 80.2 73.9 77.7 101 Maximum compressor suction temperature** °C 32.5 32.5 32.3 33.6 32.0 108 Amount of time until compressor cycling starts minutes 109 Difference % **Measured from start of test until the compressor first cycles off 72 hour minimum thermal soak time for pulldown and half pulldown tests 122 121 120 120 119

50.8% 0% -10.0% -3.8% 40.8% 130 178 -0.5% 57.5% 11.3%

117 196 125 183 55.9% 8.2% 184 2.7% 52.1% 0.8% 179 0% 51.7%

0% 170 -5.2% 62.0% 20.0% 187 4.2% 62.8% 58.8% 67.4% 60.2% 59.5% 1.6% R134a

HalfPulldown N13a

HalfPulldown

65

12/21/10 02/09/11 R-1234ze

HalfPulldown

1.9% 0% 17.4% 6.6% R-1234yf

HalfPulldown

65 65 28 29

03/21/11 Opteon TM

XP10HalfPulldown

65 645 30 31

11/08/10 04/19/11 32

58 58 58 58 58

-7.8% -6.5% 0% -6.8% -6.9%

# Page 17 4. Discussion and Conclusions

4 .1 ASHR AE 72 Tests
All things being equal, we consider the COP values to be a main result for this series of tests. In nearly all cases, the COP of the test refrigerant s was lower than the baseline

. As explained earlier
, the same charge mass was used for each refrigerant. Th e test unit was a critically charged capillary tube system , and as is well known, critically charged systems are sensitive to the charge amount. Some of the test refrigerants may have had better performance if the charge were adjusted. For example, in Table 6, Row 75, it can be seen that the superheat at the compressor was 29.1 ° K for N13a versus 26.2° K for R134a. In this example, the N13a may have had a higher COP value if more refrigerant w ere used.

4 .2 Full and half pull

- down tests
With the full and half pull

- down tests, the amount of time until the compressor cycling started is a main result. Because R

- 1234ze(E) has lower density, it required longer pull

- down times. The pull

- down times could be shorter if a larger displacement com pressor were used.