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NBSIR 85-3026

NAT L INST. OF STAND & TECH

A 111 Ob 03175ft

ROUND ROBINS ON THE APPARENT

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF LOWDENSITY GLASS FIBER INSULATIONS

USING GUARDED HOT PLATE AND HEAT

FLOW METER APPARATUS

J. G. Hust

C. M. Pelanne

National Bureau of Standards

U.S. Department of Commerce

Boulder, Colorado 80303

May 1985

QC

1U0

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85-3026

1985

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Of STANDARDS

LI3RARY —A)C>£

NBSIR 85-3026

ROUND ROBINS ON THE APPARENT

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF LOWDENSITY GLASS FIBER INSULATIONS

USING GUARDED HOT PLATE AND HEAT

FLOW METER APPARATUS

J. G. Hust

Chemical Engineering Science Division

National Engineering Laboratory

National Bureau of Standards

U.S. Department of Commerce

Boulder, Colorado 80303

C. M. Pelanne

Consultant—Thermal Insulation

4900 Pinyon

Littleton, Colorado 80123

May 1985

Sponsored, in part, by:

Department of Energy/ORNL

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

Mineral Insulation Manufacturers Association (MIMA)

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Malcolm Baldrige, Secretary

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Ernest Ambler, Director

CONTENTS

Page

Abstract

1. INTRODUCTION 2

2. SCOPE 3

3. OBJECTIVES 3

4. EXPERIMENTAL DATA 4

5. REFERENCE EQUATION 5

6. ROUND ROBIN I 33

6.1 Overview 33

6.2 Test Specimens 33

6.3 Test Equipment 34

6.4 Results 34

7. ROUND ROBIN II 51

7.1 Overview 51

7.2 Test Specimens 51

7.3 Test Equipment 52

7.4 Results 52

8. ROUND ROBIN III 71

8.1 Overview 71

8.2 Test Specimens 72

8.3 Test Equipment 73

8.4 Results 73

9. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 89

9.1 Separation of Variabilities 89

9.2 Round Robin I 91

9.3 Round Robin II 91

9.4 Round Robin III 91

9.5 General Summary 92

10. RECOMMENDATIONS 94

11. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 95

12. REFERENCES 96

13. APPENDIX A1

i i i
LIST OF FIGURES

Page

Figure 5.1 Thermal Conductivity versus Density of NBS Data on Round

Robin II and III (The lines show the approximate temperature of the data. ) 11

Figure 5.2 Thermal Conductivity versus Temperature of NBS Data on Round Round II and III 12

Figure 5.3 Thermal Conductivity versus Thickness of NBS Data on Round Robin II and III 13

Figure 5.4 Thermal Conductivity versus Density of NBS Data on Round

Robin II. (The lines show the approximate temperature

of the data. ) 14

Figure 5.5 Thermal Conductivity versus Density of NBS Data on Round

Robin III 15

Figure 5.6 Thermal Conductivity versus Temperature of NBS Data on Round Robin II 16

Figure 5.7 Thermal Conductivity versus Thickness of NBS Data on Round

Robin III 17

Figure 5.8 Deviations between Thermal Conductivity Data of NBS on Round Robin II and III and Values Calculated from the

Model versus Density 18

Figure 5.9 Deviations between Thermal Conductivity Data of NBS on Round Robin II and III and Values Calculated from the

Model versus Temperature 19

Figure 5.10 Deviations between Thermal Conductivity Data of NBS on Round Robin II and III and Values Calculated from the

Model versus Thickness 20

Figure 5.11 Deviations between Thermal Conductivity Data of NBS on Round Robin II and Values Calculated from the Model versus Density 21

Figure 5.12 Deviations between Thermal Conductivity Data of NBS on Round Robin III and Values Calculated from the Model versus Density 22

Figure 5.13 Deviations between Thermal Conductivity Data of NBS on Round Robin II and Values Calculated from the Model versus Temperature 23

Figure 5.14 Deviations between Thermal Conductivity Data of NBS on Round Robin III versus Thickness 24

Figure 5.15 Thermal Conductivity versus Density for Several Temperature as Calculated from the Model. Emittance = 0.95,

Thickness = 2.54 cm, and Fiber Diameter = 5.0 pm .... 25

TV
Figure 5.16 Thermal Conductivity versus Temperature for Several

Densities as Calculated from the Model. Emittance =

0.95, Thickness = 2.54 cm, and Fiber Diameter = 5.0 pm . 26

Figure 5.17 Thermal Conductivity versus Thickness for Several

Densities as Calculated from the Model. Emittance =

0.95, Temperature = 300 K, and Fiber Diameter = 5.0 pm . 27

Figure 5.18 Thermal Conductivity versus Emittance for Several

Thicknesses as Calculated from the Model. Temperature =

300 K, Density = 10 kg/m3

, and Fiber Diameter - 5.0 pm . 28

Figure 5.19 Thermal Conductivity versus Fiber Diameter as Calculated

from the Model. Emittance = 0.95, Temperature = 300 K,

Density = 10 kg/m3

, and Thickness = 2.54 cm 29

Figure 5.20 Thermal Conductivity versus Thickness for Several Emittances as Calculated from the Model. Temperature = 300 K,

Density = 10 kg/m3

, and Fiber Diameter = 5.0 pm 30

Figure 5.21 Thermal Conductivity Components (air, solid, radiation

and total) versus Density as Calculated from the Model.

Emittance = 0.95, Temperature = 300 K, Thickness = 2.54 cm,

and Fiber Diameter = 5.0 pm 31

Figure 5.22 Thermal Conductivity Components (air, solid, radiation,

and total) versus Temperature as calculated from the

Model. Emittance = 0.95, Density = 10 kg/m3

, Thickness =

2.54 cm, and Fiber Diameter = 5.0 pm 32

Figure 6.1 Thermal Conductivity versus Density for the 915-406 mm and

915-305 mm Heat Flow Meter Apparatus from Round Robin I . . 40

Figure 6.2 Thermal Conductivity versus Density for the 610-254 mm Heat Flow Meter Apparatus from Round Robin I 41

Figure 6.3 Thermal Conductivity versus Density for the Guarded Hot

Plate Apparatus from Round Robin I 42

Figure 6.4 Thermal Conductivity versus Density for all of the Data

from Round Robin I 43

Figure 6.5 Deviations between Thermal Conductivity Data for the

915-406 mm and 915-305 mm Heat Flow Meter Apparatus from

Round Robin I and Values Calculated from the Model versus Density 44

Figure 6.6 Deviations between Thermal Conductivity Data for the

610-254 mm Heat Flow Meter Apparatus from Round Robin I and Values Calculated from the Model versus Density ... 45

Figure 6.7 Deviations between Thermal Conductivity Data from the

Guarded Hot Plate Apparatus from Round Robin I and Values

Calculated from the Model versus Density 46

v
Figure 6.8 Deviations between all Thermal Conductivity Data from

Round Robin I and Values Calculated from the Model versus Density 47

Figure 6.9 Thermal Conductivity versus Density for Control Data

taken by Lab 17 for Round Robin I over the period 1976

to 1980 48

Figure 6.10 Deviations between Control Data from Lab 17 and Values

Calculated from the Model versus Density 49

Figure 6.11 Deviations between Control Data from Lab 17 for Round

Robin I and Values Calculated from the Model versus Time 50

Figure 7.1 Thermal Conductivity versus Density for Fleat Flow Meter

Apparatus from Round Robin II 59

Figure 7.2 Thermal Conductivity versus Density for Guarded Hot Plate

Apparatus from Round Robin II 60

Figure 7.3 Thermal Conductivity versus Density for all Primary Round

Robin II Data 61

Figure 7.4 Thermal Conductivity versus Density for Supplementary Round

Robin II Data 62

Figure 7.5 Deviations between Thermal Conductivity Data for Heat

Flow Meter Apparatus from Round Robin II and Values

Calculated from the Model versus Density 63

Figure 7.6 Deviations between Thermal Conductivity Data for Guarded

Hot Plate Apparatus from Round Robin II and Values Calculated from the Model versus Density 64

Figure 7.7 Deviations between all Primary Thermal Conductivity Data

from Round Robin II and Values Calculated from the Model versus Density 65

Figure 7.8 Deviations between Supplementary Thermal Conductivity Data

from Round Robin II and Values Calculated from the Model versus Density 66

Figure 7.9 Thermal Conductivity versus Density of Control Data taken

by Lab 17 for Round Robin II over the Period 1974 to 1983. 67

Figure 7.10 Deviations between Control Data from Lab 17 for Round

Robin II and Values Calculated from the Model versus Density 68

Figure 7.11 Deviations between Control Data from Lab 17 for Round

Robin II and Values Calculated from the Model versus

Time (Set 1) 69

vi
Figure 7.12 Deviations between Control Data from Lab 17 for Round

Robin II and Values Calculated from the Model versus

Time (Set 2) 70

Figure 8.1 Thermal Conductivity versus Density of all Round Robin

III Data 78

Figure 8.2 Thermal Conductivity versus Thickness of all Round Robin

III Data 79

Figure 8.3 Deviations between all Thermal Conductivity Data From

Round Robin III and Values Calculated from the Model versus Density 80

Figure 8.4 Deviations between All Thermal Conductivity Data from

Round Robin III and Values Calculated from the Model versus Thickness 81

Figure 8.5 Deviations between the Thermal Conductivity Data from

Round Robin III at a Thickness of 25.4 mm and Values

Calculated from the Model versus Density 82

Figure 8.6 Deviations between the Thermal Conductivity Data from

Round Robin III at a Thickness of 50.8 mm and

values Calculated from the Model versus Density 83

Figure 8.7 Deviations between the Thermal Conductivity Data from

Round Robin III at a Thickness of 76.2 mm and

values Calculated from the Model versus Density 84

Figure 8.8 Deviations between the Thermal Conductivity Data from

Round Robin III at a Thickness of 101.6 mm and

values Calculated from the Model versus Density 85

Figure 8.9 Deviations between the Thermal Conductivity Data from

Round Robin III at a Nominal Density of 11 kg/m3 and Values

Calculated from the Model versus Thickness 86

Figure 8.10 Deviations between the Thermal Conductivity Data from

Round Robin III at a Nominal Density of 16 kg/m 3 and

Values Calculated from the Model versus Thickness .... 87

Figure 8.11 Deviations between the Thermal Conductivity Data from

Round Robin III at a Nominal Density of 19 kg/m 3 and

Values Calculated from the Model versus Thickness .... 88

Figure 13.1 Description of Samples for Round Robin A2

Figure 13.2 Standardized Reference Values for the Round Robin II Samples A3

vi i
LIST OF TABLES

Page

Table 5.1 ASTM 016. 30/MIMA Round Robins. National Bureau of Standards Test Results. Reference Base for Calibrated Specimens used for Round Robin II 9

Table 5.2 ASTM 016. 30/MIMA Round Robins. National Bureau of Standards

Data for Round Robin III 10

Table 6.1 ASTM 016. 30/MIMA Round Robins. Data from the 915-406 mm

and 915-305 mm Heat Flow Meter Apparatus for Round Robin I. 36

Table 6.2 ASTM 016. 30/MIMA Round Robins. Data from 610-254 mm Heat

Flow Meter Apparatus for Round Robin I 37

Table 6.3 ASTM 016. 30/MIMA Round Robins. Data from the Guarded Hot

Plate Apparatus for Round Robin I 38

Table 6.4 ASTM 016. 30/MIMA Round Robins. Data from Lab 17 over the

Time Period from 1976 to 1980 for Round Robin I 39

Table 7.1 ASTM 016. 30/MIMA Round Robins. Data from Heat Flow Meter

Apparatus for Round Robin II 54

Table 7.2 ASTM 016. 30/MIMA Round Robins. Data from Guarded Hot Plate

Apparatus for Round Robin II 55

Table 7.3 ASTM 016. 30/MIMA Round Robins. Data from Lab 17 over the

Time Period from 1974 to 1983 for Round Robin II (610-254 mm plates) 56

Table 7.4 ASTM 016. 30/MIMA Round Robins. Data from Lab 17 over the

Time Period from 1974 to 1983 for Round Robin II (305-

152 mm plates) 57

Table 7.5 ASTM 016. 30/MIMA Round Robins. Special Tests with Thickness

and Temperature as Variables (with and without septum) . . 58

Table 8.1 ASTM 016. 30/MIMA Round Robins. Primary Data for Round

Robin III 75

Table 8.2 ASTM 016. 30/MIMA Round Robins. Secondary Data for Round

Robin III 76

Table 8.3 ASTM 016. 30/MIMA Round Robins. Tests Performed at Lab 17 on Individual Stacked Sets of Specimens from Round Robin III

using Heat Meter Apparatus 77

Table 9.1 Average Deviations and 2s Values For Selected Subsets and

Data For Each of the Round Robins 90

Table 13.1 ASTM 016. 30/MIMA Round Robins. Participants and

Reviewers A4

Table 13.2 ASTM 016. 30/MIMA Round Robins. Coding Methodology . . . . A5

v i i i
Table 13.3 Typical Data Form used for Reporting Test Results .... A7

Table 13.4 Specimen Sizes, Weights, and Densities for Round Robin I . A8

Table 13.5 Specimen Sizes, Weights, and Densities for Round Robin II. A9

Table 13.6 Specimen Sizes, Weights, and Densities for Round Robin

III A10

Table 13.5.1 ASTM 016. 30/MIMA Round Robins. National Bureau of

Standards Test Results. Reference Base for Calibrated

Specimens used for Round Robin II All

Table 13.5.2 ASTM 016. 30/MIMA Round Robins. National Bureau of

Standards Data for Round Robin III A12

Table 13.6.1 ASTM 016. 30/MIMA Round Robins. Data from the 915-406 mm

and 915-305 mm Heat Flow Meter Apparatus for Round

Robin I A13

Table 13.6.2 ASTM 016. 30/MIMA Round Robins. Data from 610-254 mm Heat

Flow Meter Apparatus for Round Robin I A14

Table 13.6.3 ASTM 016. 30/MIMA Round Robins. Data from the Guarded

Hot Plate Apparatus for Round Robin I A15

Table 13.6.4 ASTM 016. 30/MIMA Round Robins. Data from Lab 17 over

the Time Period from 1976 to 1980 for Round Robin I . . A16

Table 13.7.1 ASTM 016. 30/MIMA Round Robins. Data from Heat Flow

Meter Apparatus for Round Robin II A17

Table 13.7.2 ASTM 016. 30/MIMA Round Robins. Data from Guarded Hot

Plate Apparatus for Round Robin II A18

Table 13.7.3 ASTM 016. 30/MIMA Round Robins. Data from Lab 17 over

the Time Period from 1974 to 1983 for Round Robin II (610-254 mm plates) A19

Table 13.7.4 ASTM 016. 30/MIMA Round Robins. Data from Lab 17 over

the Time Period from 1974 to 1983 for Round Robin II (305-152 mm plates) A20

Table 13.7.5 ASTM 016. 30/MIMA Round Robins. Special Tests with Thickness and Temperature as Variables (with and without

septum) A21

Table 13.8.1 ASTM 016. 30/MIMA Round Robins. Primary Data for Round

Robin III A22

Table 13.8.2 ASTM 016. 30/MIMA Round Robins. Secondary Data for

Round Robin III A23

Table 13.8.3 ASTM 016. 30/MIMA Round Robins. Tests Performed at Lab 17 on Individual Stacked Sets of Specimens from Round Robin III using

Heat Meter Apparatus A24

IX
Table of Nomenclature

Avg. Dev. = Average deviation of a subset of data from the model (observed

minus model)

D = Specimen density

e = Plate emittance

F = Fiber diameter in pm

GHP = Guarded hot plate

HFM = Heat flow meter

Interlaboratory reproducibility = Reproducibility between laboratories

Intralaboratory reproducibi 1 ity = Reproducibility within laboratories

k , A = Apparent thermal conductivity

L = Specimen thickness

Ag = Gas component of thermal conductivity

A^ = Radiation component of thermal conductivity

A

s = Solid component of thermal conductivity

P 1} P 2 j P 3 > P4, and P 5 = Parameters in model

PCT = [k (obs.) - k (calc.)] 100/k (calc.)

3 3 3

ct = Stefan-Bol tzmann constant = 5.6703 x 10 ^ mW*m ^*K

^

Thickness effect = Dependency of thermal conductivity on specimen thickness

2 s = two times the standard deviation of the test results with respect to

their mean (an approximation of the 95% confidence interval)

x
Round Robins on the Apparent Thermal Conductivity of Low-Density Glass

Fiber Insulations Using Guarded Hot Plate and Heat Flow Meter Apparatus

By

J.G. Hust

National Bureau of Standards

Boulder, CO 80303

and

C.M. Pelanne

Consultant-Thermal Insulation

Littleton, CO 80123

This National Bureau of Standards report* presents the results and the

data analysis pertaining to these results for three round robins on the thermal performance of guarded hot plates and heat flow meters when measuring the

thermal resistance properties of low density glass fibrous thermal insulations. The three round robins were carried out under the sponsorship of the

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Subcommittee C-16.30 on Thermal Measurements and the Mineral Insulation Manufacturers Association

(MIMA).

The test results are compared to a reference equation and to each other

to illustrate intralaboratory and interl aboratory reproducibility as well as the dependencies on temperature, density, plate emittance, specimen thickness,

and fiber diameter.

The study shows that, with good laboratory practices, interlaboratory

agreement of about 2% is obtained. Over 300 test results obtained by 12 different laboratories are reported. This report also discusses the magnitude of

the specimen thickness effect and its dependence on plate emittance.

Key words: apparent thermal conductivity; guarded hot plate; heat flow meter;

low density; Round Robins; thermal insulation; thickness effect.

*This work was funded, in part, by DOE/ORNL under contract number

ORNL/IA-21428.

1
1. INTRODUCTION

During the last 10 to 15 years considerable progress has been made in the

development and improvement of the equipment and techniques for the measure- ment of the thermal resistance of thermal insulations, particularly low density insulations. The worldwide interest in energy conservation has resulted

in increased effort toward the production of improved and more cost effective

commercial insulations, primarily aimed at the building industry, which uses the greatest amount of thermal insulation. The two apparatus generally used

to measure the thermal resistance of these low density insulations are, the

guarded hot plate (GHP), ASTM C177 [l] 1 and the heat flow meter (HFM), ASTM

C518 [2].

The development of thermally effective low density thermal insulation has

had a significant impact on the technical aspect of the measurement of thermal

resistance. This, combined with a better understanding of the heat transfer

principles involved in low density thermal insulations [3], has prompted the

producers and the users to strive toward increased accuracy in the determination of the thermal resistance. This has been reflected by the active participation of the major manufacturers of insulation, commercial laboratories,

and government agencies in the debates of the American Society for Testing and

Materials (ASTM). A most active forum for these debates has been ASTM 016.30

Subcommittee on Thermal Measurements whose scope states "Develop and maintain

test methods and recommended practices relating to the transfer of energy with

and through thermal insulating materials and systems" [4].

To assess the measurement capabilities in this field, a task force was established in 1976 under the sponsorship of the Mineral Insulation Manufacturers Association (MIMA)* and later co-sponsored by ASTM 016.30 Subcommittee

on Thermal Measurements, Spring 1977. The objective was to evaluate the mea- surement capabilities of the thermal insulation community when measuring building insulation at thicknesses beyond which reference standards were available

(round robin I). Concurrently, round robin II was established to investigate

the influence of plate emittance on the measurement of low density fibrous

insulations. In October of 1979 round robin III was initiated to assist in

the evaluation of the NBS line-source GHP [16] and to provide information on the measurement capabilities of the existing equipment when measuring increasing thicknesses of insulation. The results of these three round robins

will be of value in establishing the required precision and bias statements

for the test methods C177 and C518. The execution of these three round robins

was under the responsibility of C.M. Pelanne, Chairman of Task Force 1.6 on Round Robins, ASTM C-16.30 Subcommittee on Thermal Measurements.

Past round robin studies of a similar nature have been reported [5], [6].

While they may be outdated by recent advances they should be noted for comparison. Several other round robins are currently underway. One sponsored by the

International Standards Organization T. C. 163 is being carried out to evaluate the international capabilities of GHP's and HFM's, [7]. Another one sponsored by ASTM Subcommittee C-16.30 is to access the performance of guarded and

calibrated hot boxes, [8]. The reports on these two later round robins are expected in the near future.

^Tradenames are included in this report for clarity and completeness. The use

of these tradenames does not imply endorsement of these organizations or their

products by NBS.

1 Numbers in brackets indicate the literature references at the end of the

paper.

2
Another significant event in the field of thermal insulation measurement

is the establishment the National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program

(NVLAP) within NBS which is contributing to the improvement of interlaboratory

reproduci bi 1 i ty.

The measurement community has made a conscientious effort to produce

reliable data. The participants have demonstrated their concern with accuracy

and precision of measurement through continuous participation in technical and

standards writing organizations throughout the world.

This report provides the analysis of the data from the three recently

completed round robins. In addition to all of the pertinent data, other re- lated details are provided for further analysis and study by interested parties.

2. SCOPE

This report presents the results and analysis of data obtained during the course of three round robins carried out over a period of about six years from

September 1976 to April 1983. These three round robins, identified as Round

Robins I (RR I), II (RR II), and III (RR III) were co-sponsored by ASTM Subcommittee C-16.30 on Thermal Measurement and the Mineral Insulation Manufacturers Association. Twelve testing laboratories representing the following

organizations participated in part or all of these three round robins:

Certain-Teed Corporation, Blue Bell, PA

Dynatech R/D Company, Cambridge, MA

Institute for Research, Houston, TX

Jim Walter Research Corporation, St. Petersburg, FL

Manville Corporation, Denver, CO

National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, MD

National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada

Owens-Corni ng Fiberglas Corporation, Granville, OH

Rockwool Industries Inc., Belton, TX

The individual participants and reviewers are listed in Table 13.1 of the

Appendix. To facilitate the study of this report it is divided into the following sections:

Reference Equation

Round Robin I Round Robin II Round Robin III

3. OBJECTIVES

The objectives of the three round robins covered by this report were as

fol lows:

Round Robin I-- To evaluate the thermal measurement capabilities of the

thermal insulation community when measuring building insulations at thick- nesses beyond which reference standards were available at the time. The tests were performed from September 1976 to June 1980.

3
Round Robin II-- To evaluate the thermal insulation testing community's

capability when measuring low density thermal insulations, where the effect of

apparatus surface plate emittance can have an influence on the results due to

radiative heat transfer. The tests were performed from February 1977 to May

1979.

Round Robin III-- To provide information to the National Bureau of Standards for the evaluation of the new line-source guarded hot plate. In addition, to provide information on the measurement capabilities of existing large

guarded hot plates for measuring thick insulation when the "effect of thickness" may play a part on the results. The tests were performed January 1980

to April 1983.

In each of the round robins all of the participating laboratories tested

the same specimens. However, it should be noted that the measuring plates were not all the same size and, therefore, different portions of the specimens were tested. Further details on the plate sizes and specimen characterization

are provided in the following sections and the appendix.

4. EXPERIMENTAL DATA

The experimental data were compiled into tabular files for analysis by

computer. They were reported by the participants on standardized forms (see

appendix). The tabular listings are given in the individual sections. The

data in the main body of the report are given in SI units. The original data

in Btu units are given in the appendix. The coding methodology of these data

tables is also given in the appendix.

Upon completion of the tests by the participants the specimens were cut

into sizes corresponding to the test area of each apparatus. The weights and

dimensions of the individual pieces were determined in order to calculate the

actual test area densities that were used in the analysis. These weights and

densities are given in the appendix.

The data are not readily illustrated in graphical form because of the

number of variables present in the tables, sometimes over very restricted

ranges. For this reason, the dependencies of the data will be conveyed via a reference equation that has been developed to be consistent with the data.

Deviations of the data from this equation are graphically presented to illustrate the consistency among the data. The deviation graphs are convenient to

determine the i nterl aboratory and intralaboratory reproducibility. The table

below provides the nominal ranges of thickness, temperature, density, fiber

diameter, and thermal conductivity for each of the round robins.

Round

Robi n Thickness

(cm)

Mean

Temperature

(K)

Density

(kg/m3

)

Fiber

Di ameter

(pm)

Apparent

Thermal

Conductivity

(mW*m X *K 2 )

I 8.9 297 12.3 - 14.6 5.27 39.5 - 43.4

II 2.5 288 - 332 10.6 - 33.5 5.53 29.6 - 56.0

III 2.5 - 10.2 297 11.3 - 19.8 5.00 37.4 - 45.6

For this analysis the fiber diameter of the RR I material was not mea- sured but was arbitrarily chosen to be the average of the fiber diameters of

4
RR II and RR III. During the review process the supplier of RR I material

indicated that the fiber diameter is more likely about 7 pm. If this value is

used in the comparisons of section 6, the systematic deviations of the data

from the reference equation will be larger than shown. This is relatively

unimportant because the main objective of this report is to intercompare test

results. The equation is simply a convenient mechanism to accomplish these

intercomparisons. The relatively large fiber diameter and concomitant large

systematic deviation does indicate, however, the significance of structure

parameters other than fiber diameter.

5. REFERENCE EQUATION

An optimized reference equation was developed to establish a base of

reference for purposes of comparison of the data. The optimization of the

parameters in this equation was based on the data from the National Bureau of

Standards because it covered the widest range of conditions. The two sets of

NBS GHP data (from RR II and RR III) covered the complete range of variables

involved, (type of material, density, thickness, and temperature).

As stated earlier this equation was developed primarily as a convenient

tool for the i ntercompari son of the round robin test results. However, the

reference equation has been optimized with respect to a data set that is com- prehensive and consequently may prove to be useful for future comparisons.

The data set on which the equation is based is comprehensive in that it covers

several materials; a range of temperature, density, and thickness; and is

determined by a national reference laboratory (NBS). It should be noted that

no data from RR I was used to optimize the parameters of the equation because

the RR I NBS data was obtained with a HFM instead of a GHP.

The selected data are as follows:

1. The specimens used for RR II were supplied by the Manville Research

and Development Center, Denver, Colorado. Material from the same lot was measured by the National Bureau of Standards using the 20 cm (8 in) GHP. The

data reported by NBS for these measurements covered a 11 to 32 kg/m3 (0.7 to

2.0 lb/ft3

) density range, and a -18°C to 54°C (0°F to 130°F) temperature

range. These data are given in Table 5.1. More extensive description of this

material can be found in the literature [9].

2. The specimens used for RR III were provided by the National Bureau of

Standards from a lot of material which is similar to one being considered for

the development of low density reference material, [10,11]. The material was fabricated especially for the National Bureau of Standards by the Manville

Corporation. This material has similar characteristics to those of the material

used for RR II. Furthermore, these series of tests, as part of RR III, were

carried out most extensively by NBS using the 1000 mm line-source GHP. The

specimens were all measured as 25.4 mm (1.0 in) pairs as well as at increasing

thicknesses as required by the round robin. While these tests provided data

at only one temperature 24°C (75°F) they provided test data over a range of

densities 11.2 to 19.2 kg/m3 (0.7 to 1.2 lb/ft3

) and over a range of thicknesses 25.4 to 101.6 mm (1.0 to 4.0 inches). The data are shown in Table

5.2. Further explanation of the data in Tables 5.1 and 5.2 is given in the

appendix. The data originally presented in Btu units are tabulated in the

appendix.

5
The reference equation (referred to as the model for convenience) developed for this work is based on the common assumption that the apparent thermal

conductivity, A, of an insulation is the sum of three components, as indicated

in eq (1). This equation is based on the assumption that the components are acting in parallel and independently, i.e. uncoupled.

These components are the interstitial gas conductivity, A , (here the gas

is air), the solid conductivity, A , (glass fiber plus phenolic! binder), and

the radiation conductivity, A .

A = A + A + A

g s r

( 1 )

The mathematical form and justification of each of these components is given

below.

A = P 3 [10~ 3

(148. 503 + 94.5425T - 0.0263568T2

) +

9

P s (T/296 -1)] (2500 - D)/2500 (2)

where T is temperature in K, D is density in kg/m3

, and P 3 and P 5 parameters

to be optimized.

The first three terms in eq (2) are a representation of the free-air

thermal conductivity as obtained at NBS by L.J. Van Poolen (private communication). The P 5 term is a small adjustment to the temperature slope of the

free-air conductivity to optimize the fit of these round robin data. The

density term in eq (2) accounts for the volume fraction occupied by the glass

fibers. Finally the parameter P 3 is essentially the gas form factor adjustment accounting for the distribution and structure of the glass fibers within

the gas.

A

s = P x D (T/296)/2500 (3)

where Pi is a parameter to be optimized.

Equation 3 is an approximation of the solid component (glass fiber) of

thermal conductivity. The conductivity of bulk glass is known to depend on temperature with a power between 0.5 and 1.0. Since this term is a very small

component of the total only a rough approximation is required. Thus, for

simplicity, the power was chosen to be 1.0. The density dependence chosen

indicates that the term increases linearly with increasing fiber content. The

parameter, P lf is dependent on the bulk glass conductivity and the tortuosity

factor of the fibers and the phenolic binder.

A

r = P 4 a 4 T

3 /(P2 D/F 0 - 5 + (2/e - 1)/L) (4)

-5 -2 -4

where cr = 5.6703 10 mW*m *K , F = fiber diameter in pm, L is the specimen

thickness in meters, and e = emittance of the plates.

Equation 4 is the radiation component as given by the Stefan-Bol tzmann

radiation law for small temperature differences. The first term in the denominator accounts for the fiber density between the measuring plates and, in addition, the effect of fiber diameter on the radiation conductivity. The form of

the fiber diameter dependence was based on unpublished data [18]. The second

6
term in the denominator accounts for plate emittance and plate spacing. It is

noted that the specific correlation of fiber diameter with thermal conductivity will depend in part on pack structure and fiber diameter distribution.

Thus, the values obtained for a given product may not be applicable to other

products.

As explained earlier, the two sets of NBS data were chosen to optimize

the parameters in the model. The first set of NBS data was obtained on specimens taken from the same lot as RR II. The second set of NBS data was obtained on the RR III specimens. These two sets of data are plotted as a function of density in figure 5.1, as a function of temperature in figure 5.2,

and as a function of thickness in figure 5.3. To distinguish the data between

sets 1 and 2, the data from set 1 are separately plotted as a function of

density in figure 5.4 and as a function of temperature in figure 5.6. The

data from set 2 are plotted as a function of density in figure 5.5 and as a function of thickness in figure 5.7. For convenience to the reader, in fig- ures 5.1 and 5.4 solid lines have been superimposed to identify the approximate temperatures at which the data were obtained.

Nonlinear least squares techniques were used to optimize the parameters

of the model. The optimized values of the parameters are given below:

The deviations of the NBS experimental data from the model are displayed in

figures 5.8 through 5.14 in the same sequence as figures 5.1 through 5.7. In

each of these and subsequent deviation plots the average deviation of the data

from the model and the 2s value are shown. The percentage deviations (observed minus calculated) are also listed in the last column of tables 5.1 and

5.2. Within the imprecision of the data no systematic trends in the deviations are obvious either as a function of density or temperature. Typical

dependencies of the model are illustrated in figures 5.15 through 5.22.

Figure 5.15 illustrates the dependency of thermal conductivity on density

from 10 to 40 kg/m3 at 250,300, and 350 K and for a plate emittance of 0.95, a thickness of 2.54 cm and a fiber diameter of 5.0 pm. The increase in thermal

conductivity at decreasing densities is caused by the increase in the radiation component. The expected minimum in the curves caused by decreasing radia

tion component and increasing solid component with increasing density occurs

above 40 kg/m3

.

Figure 5.16 illustrates the dependency of thermal conductivity on tempera

ture from 250 to 350 K at densities of 10, 20, 30, and 40 kg/m3 and for an emittance of 0.95, a thickness of 2.54 cm, and a fiber diameter of 5.0 pm. At

high densities the dependency is nearly linear because the conductance is

caused by the gas and solid components. At low density the cubic dependency

of the radiation term is more dominant.

Figure 5.17 illustrates the dependency of thermal conductivity on specimen thickness from 2 to 16 cm for densities of 10, 12, 14 kg/m3 at a temperature of 300 K, an emittance of 0.95, and a fiber diameter of 5.0 pm. The

P 2 = 71.87

P 2 = 144.5

P 3 = 1.074

P 4 = 2.0

P 5 = 4.0

7
thickness effect from 2 to 16 cm is 2.7, 2.1, and 1.6% at densities of 10, 12,

and 14 kg/m3

, respectively. One, of course, expects the thickness effect to

decrease with increasing density due to the decreasing radiation component.

Figure 5.18 shows the dependency of thermal conductivity on plate

emittance from 0.5 to 1 for thicknesses of 2, 4, 8, and 16 cm at a density of

10 kg/m3

, temperature of 300 K, and fiber diameter of 5.0 pm. Plate

emittances were not reported for the experimental data and are assumed to be

0.95, consistent with the C177 specification. Consequently, the dependency

of the model on emittance is an inherent characteristic of the design of the

model rather than an indication of the behavior of the data. It is possible

that the actual emittances of the various plates may range from 0.75 to 0.95.

This model would thus predict a possible variation of 1.6% in the measured

conductivities at a thickness of 2 cm. Less variation would be predicted at

greater thicknesses, larger densities, and lower temperatures. This potential

variation is a strong argument for requiring the documentation of the

emittance for any measurement in which the radiation component is significant.

Figure 5.19 depicts the dependency of thermal conductivity on fiber diameter from 5.0 to 6.0 pm at 300 K, 2.54 cm thickness, a density of 10 kg/m3

, and an emittance of 0.95. Again the depicted dependency is more an inherent

characteristic of the model rather than the behavior of experimental data

because fiber diameter is not well known for these insulations. In any event,

the model predicts a 4.6% increase in conductivity over this range of fiber

diameter.

Figure 5.20 illustrates the thermal conductivity dependency on thickness

from 2 to 16 cm at emittances of 0.8, 0.9, and 1.0, at a temperature of 300 K,

density of 10 kg/m3

, and a fiber diameter of 5.0 pm. The variation caused by

this range of emittances at 16 cm thickness is only 0.2% while at 2 cm it is

1.4%. This model also shows an increased thickness effect at lower plate

emittance. It should be noted, however, that this is not based on experimental data, since the plate emittances were not reported in this study.

Figure 5.21 is a comparison of the magnitudes of the three components in

the model as a function of density from 10 to 40 kg/m3 at 300 K, 2.54 cm thickness, 0.95 emittance, and 5.0 pm fiber diameter. A logarithmic axis was chosen here for thermal conductivity so that the three components could be more accurately compared. It should be noted that the solid component is only

about 1% of the total at 10 kg/m3 and about 2.5% at 40 kg/m3. The radiation

component is about 40% of the total at 10 kg/m3 and 14% at 40 kg/m3.

Figure 5.22 also compares the magnitudes of the three components but as a function of temperature from 250 to 350 K at 2.54 cm thickness, 0.95 emittance

and 5.0 pm fiber diameter and a density of 10 kg/m3. It is noted that the

radiative component becomes relatively larger with increasing temperature

while the gas and solid components become relatively smaller. This is ex- pected because the power dependence of the radiative term is cubic in temperature while the gas and solid terms are nearly linear in temperature.

8
Table

5.1

ASTM

016.

30/MIMA

Round

Robins.

National

Bureau

of

Standards

Test

Results.

Reference

Base

for

Calibrated

Specimens

used

for

Round

Robin

II.

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9
Table

5.2.

ASTM

C-16.

30/MIMA

Round

Robins.

National

Bureau

of

Standards

Data

for

Round

Robin

III.

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10
THERMAL

CONDUCTIVITY,

mW/m.

Figure 5.1 Thermal Conductivity versus Density of NBS Data on Round Robin II and III (The lines show the approximate temperature of the data.)

11
TEMPERRTURE,K

Figure 5.2 Thermal Conductivity versus Temperature of NBS Data on Round Round

II and III.

12
THICKNESS, cm

Figure 5.3 Thermal Conductivity versus Thickness of NBS Data on Round Robin

II and III. (The lines show the approximate densities of the

data at a mean temperature of 297 K.

)

13
Figure 5.4 Thermal Conductivity versus Density of NBS Data on Round Robin II.

(The lines show the approximate temperature of the data.)

14
Figure 5.5 Thermal Conductivity versus Density of NBS Data on Round Robin

III.

15
55

50

9 e\

IS

g

£—*

O

r>Q*21 o

CJ

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cl: jl

C£

LjJ Xl-i

45

40

35

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TT

o

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TEMPERATURE,

K

310 32C 330

Figure 5.6 Thermal Conductivity versus Temperature of NBS Data on Round Robin

II.

16
THICKNESS, cm

Figure 5.7 Thermal Conductivity versus Thickness of NBS Data on Round Robin

III. (The lines show the approximate densities of the data at a mean temperature of 297 K.)

17
PCI.

DEV.

(OBS.-CRLC.

o

o

0 o

o

-2

10

o

8

o

o o

1 1 •[" ' P TTT l , l, *y

r,iy,T

> "|f

l I

1 I "

! »

1

Avg. Dev. = 0.00%

2s = 1.40%

©

0

o

nA.itiU1 .hli irJLdh^mlcdUMiAl.4. inAii Ji i in^.^ t.i*. 12.5 15 17.5 20 22.5 25 27.5 30 32.5 35

DENSITY, kg/m'

Figure 5.8 Deviations between Thermal Conductivity Data of NBS on Round Robin

II and III and Values Calculated from the Model versus Density.

18
o

_]

cc0

1 • CO

CDO

LJ

CD

E—

CD

CL.

TEMPERATURE], K

Figure 5.9 Deviations between Thermal Conductivity Data of NBS on Round Robin II and III and Values Calculated from the

Model versus Temperature

19
THICKNESS, cm

Figure 5.10 Deviations between Thermal Conductivity Data of NBS on Round

Robin II and III and Values Calculated from the Model versus Thickness.

20
CJ

_J

a=0

1 CO

CDO

LiJ a

t-* CJ

Q_

Figure 5.11 Deviations between Thermal Conductivity Data of NBS on Round

Robin II and Values Calculated from the Model versus Density.

21
Figure 5.12 Deviations between Thermal Conductivity Data of NBS on Round

Robin III and Values Calculated from the Model versus Density.

22
TEMPERATURES

Figure 5.13 Deviations between Thermal Conductivity Data of NBS on Round

Robin II and Values Calculated from the Model versus Temperature.

23
23456789 10 11

THICKNESS, cm

Figure 5.14 Deviations between Thermal Conductivity Data of NBS on Round Robin

III versus Thickness.

24
DENSITY, kg/m3

Figure 5.15 Thermal Conductivity versus Density for Several Temperatures as Calculated from the Model. Emittance = 0.95,

Thickness = 2.54 cm, and Fiber Diameter = 5.0 pm

25
TEMPERATURE,

K

Figure 5.16 Thermal Conductivity versus Temperature for Several

Densities as Calculated from the Model. Emittance =

0.95, Thickness = 2.54 cm, and Fiber Diameter = 5.0 pm

26
THICKNESS, cm

Figure 5.17 Thermal Conductivity versus Thickness for Several

Densities as Calculated from the Model. Emittance = 0.95, Temperature = 300 K, and Fiber Diameter = 5.0 pm

27
THERMAL

CONDUCTIVITY,mW/m.

EMITTRNCE

Figure 5.18 Thermal Conductivity versus Emittance for Several

Thicknesses as Calculated from the Model. Temperature = 300 K, Density = 10 kg/m3

, and Fiber Diameter = 5.0 pm

28
THERMAL

CONDUCTIVITY,

mW/m.

FIBER DIAMETER, MICRONS

Figure 5.19 Thermal Conductivity versus Fiber Diameter as Calculated from the

Model. Emittance = 0.95, Temperature = 300 K, Density = 10

kg/m3

, and Thickness = 2.54 cm.

29
THERMRL

CONDUCTIVITY,

mW/m.

4 6 8 10 12 14 16

THICKNESS, cm

Figure 5.20 Thermal Conductivity versus Thickness for Several Emittances as Calculated from the Model. Temperature = 300 K,

Density = 10 kg/m3

, and Fiber Diameter = 5.0 pm

30
THERMRL

CONDUCTIVITY

,mW/m.

10 15 20 25 30 35 40

DENSITY,kg/m3

Figure 5.21 Thermal Conductivity Components (air, solid, radiation

and total) versus Density as Calculated from the Model.

Emittance = 0.95, Temperature = 300 K, Thickness = 2.54 cm,

and Fiber Diameter = 5.0 pm

31
THERMRL

CONDUCT

I

VI

TY

,

mW/m

.

TEMPERATURE,

K

Figure 5.22 Thermal Conductivity Components (air, solid, radiation,

and total) versus Temperature as calculated from the

Model. Emittance = 0.95, Density = 10 kg/m3

. Thickness = 2.54 cm, and Fiber Diameter = 5.0 pm

32
6. ROUND ROBIN I

6.1 Overview

This round robin, started in September 1976, was initiated in order to

evaluate the thermal insulation testing community's capability when measuring

building insulation at thicknesses beyond which reference standards were

available. The same specimens were circulated among all the participating

laboratories. The tests were carried out from September 1976 to June 1980.

The 016.30 Task Force members were C.M. Pel anne-Chai rman , M. Lacher, and

S. Cady [19, 20].

The material, R-ll building insulation, used for this round robin was supplied by the Owens-Corni ng Laboratories in Granville, OH.

Nine HFM's (C518) [2], and three GHP's (C177) [1] were involved in these

measurements.

All of the tests were performed at 89 mm (3.5") test thickness and 24°C

(75°F) mean temperature.

Tables 6.1, 6.2, and 6.3 show the results of all the measurements as obtained during the course of this round robin. Further explanation of these

tables is given in the appendix.

6. 2 Test Specimens

The specimens consisted of four, 8.9 cm (3.5") thick, 38.7 cm (15.25")

wide and 122 cm (48") long R-ll friction fit building insulation batts. The

batts were obtained from the center of a package of standard building

insulation selected at random from stock. The batts were identified by a series of single numbers, 8, 9, 10 and 11. The actual test densities determined

for these specimens ranged from 12.3 kg/m3 (0.77 lb/ft 3

) to 14.6 kg/m3 (0.91

lb/ft3 ).

In order for the specimens to conform to the various equipment sizes,

similar insulation material was used for peripheral guarding.

The densities were determined on the total specimen and, in order to

relate the test density to the test area of the apparatus, the specimens were

cut and weighed to successively smaller sizes matching the test areas. Thus

for this series of tests eighteen individual density determinations were made.

The details of these measurements are given in Table 13.4.

33
6. 3 Test Equipment

The apparatus involved in this round robin were as follows;

Apparatus type Number Overall size Test area

Heat flow meter 1 915x915 mm

(36x36 in)

406x406 mm (16x16 in)

II II II 2 915x915 mm (36x36 in)

305x305 mm (12x12 in)

II II II 6 610x610 mm

(24x24 in)

254x254 mm (10x10 in)

Guarded hot plate 2 610x610 mm (24x24 in)

305x305 mm

(12x12 in)

II II II 1 457x457 mm (18x18 in)

305x305 mm (12x12 in)

6.4 Results

The apparent thermal conductivity data obtained during this round robin

are plotted in Figures 6.1 to 6.4. Figure 6.1 shows the 915-406mm (4 points)

and the 915-305mm (12 points) HFM data. Figure 6.2 shows the 610-254mm (22

points) HFM data. All of these data were obtained on single specimens. The

GHP data are plotted in Figure 6.3. These data (8 points) represent results

of tests on pairs of matched specimens. Figure 6.4 is a composite plot of all

of the 46 data points. All of these tests were performed at 24°C (75°F) mean temperature and 89 mm (3.5") test thickness.

The deviations of the RR I data from the model described earlier are shown in Figures 6.5 to 6.8 in the same sequence as Figures 6.1 to 6.4. The

deviations (observed - calculated) are also listed in the last column of

Tables 6.1, 6.2, and 6.3. The average deviation from the model and the 2s

value for each subset of data are shown on each deviation plot.

As mentioned earlier the tests were performed over a long period of time

(September 1976 - June 1980). In order to verify that the thermal resistance

of each specimen had not changed over the extent of the project, they were periodically measured by laboratory 17. These results (Table 6.4 and Figures

6.9 and 6.10), while obtained on two separate apparatus*, showed no detectable

change with time and use, as shown on Figure 6.11.

Figure 6.8, which is a composite of the deviations shows that the interlaboratory differences range about 2.5% on either side of the experimental

mean values. The model values are about 1.5% greater than the mean experimental values. This systematic difference is probably because these specimens were supplied by a different manufacturer than those used in RR II and III.

*Note-The calibration of the two apparatus was assured through the same refer- ence specimens.

34
RR I data were not used to optimize the parameters in the model. The intralaboratory scatter is about one-third of the interlaboratory scatter. There

does not appear to be any significant trend between the HFM and GHP results.

Since the three round robins are closely related, detailed discussion of

the significance of these is relegated to section 9 of this report.

35
Table

6.1

ASTM

016.

30/MIMA

Round

Robins.

Data

from

the

915-406

mm

and

915-305

mm

Heat

Flow

Meter

Apparatus

for

Round

Robin

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36
Table

6.2.

ASTM

C-16.

30/MIMA

Round

Robins.

Data

from

610-254

mm

Heat

Flow

Meter

Apparatus

for

Round

Robin O^^-HrOrO^Oh-COr^aWNCVJOOHOOHH^HHCO

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CSJ C\J CNJ CNJ Csj CSJ CSJ CNJ CSJ CSJ CSJ CNJ CSJ CNJ CNJ C\| CSJ CSJ CNJ CSJ CSJ CNJ

c

o

L> -aco

u

<u

f— a. o s: iDr^LDDO(sjcsjcsj«tfnc\jLr)Oir)f^r^NNO(jioo

rl rl H rI H H rl rI H rI H rICNJrHOOOOrHOrHrH HHHHrlHHrlHHHrlHrlHrlHrlHHHrl rococococococococococooocococooocooococococo

lu cr o -*l

HkDHCOHii3HCOHHHkDHCOH^DHOOHlDHOO

<T»tn^-r^.o^Ln^r^cn^-o^LD^-r^(j>ir)^-r^<T>Lr)^r^

csj^tcsjcocsj^csjrocsjcsicsj^csjrocsj^-csjrocsi^-csjro

O E

HH U ONOcncnoNO<y>ONONcnoNONONONcnooNONONONONON

oooocococococococococooooooooocooooooocococo

aDaoooaocoaoaoooaoaoaocoaocoaocoaocoaocoaoco

o

4->

o . LU O CL Z

LO

h- Q LO Z

UJ O

O CL cy>-

<

Q Z

QC O

cc z|

rHCOCNJ^r-tCOCNJ^rHCNIrHCOCNJ^r-lCOCNJ^r-lCOCNJ^

oocooooooooocooooooocooocooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooo

Q) .c

+-> c . o *o

(1) a 4-> O) to

-L> -r- 03 r— OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO r—

CSJCSICSJCSJCSJCSJCSJCSJCSICSJCSJCSICSICSJCSJCSJCSJCSJCSJCSJCSJCSJ xxzcxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxicxxx

oocococococoaDcoNrsaiaiOTtjirNNrvr^rvNrvr^

i— r— r— i— i— i— p— i— r— r

NNNrNL^LnmLnq-^ OOOOrHr-Jt-HrH OOOOOOOOOO HHHHHHHH

cnmnro«j«t<t^cooococococoooooHHHH HrHHHHHHHHHHHHHCSJCSJCSJCSJCSJCSJCSJCSJ

a> u to r— O

03 -C U 4->

<U C

S- 03

a) .c £

03 S- L> <U

03 J

TJ O

0)

37
Table

6.3

ASTM

C-16.

30/MIMA

Round

Robins.

Data

from

the

Guarded

Hot

Plate

Apparatus

for

Round

Robin

OCl.

LDcooocoLDCM^f

CVJMfOfOHOHfO till II

O h- o o U- z

ro ro

MnincsjcooMH OHOHMfOHH

Z Q-

<e z

OOOOlJifflMO

GS GS GS GS GS GS GS os

CM CsJ CSJ CM CSJ CM CM CM

O LU O hgsgsgsoooocmco

uninmifiin^ococo

0000000000000000

CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM

h- a- o z: riHCMONonnai

COOOOOOOCOOSrHO OOOOOOrHrH rococncoromcocn

cooomcocoaocoao

SDOOlOOOlOOOUOOO

CO CM CO CSJ CO CM CO CSJ

C_> OS GS GS GS GS or OS GS00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 oooooooooooooooo

(0

ft) o

CJ . LU o CL. z <-0

=G Q. cr>-

<cq z:

0Q .1 <c o

HCMHCMHCMHCM

O

£

4-> 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 c o o o o o o o O D

CM CM CM CM CM CM CSJ CM a»*

+j CM CM CM CSJ CM CM CM CM 0) iH rH rH iH rH tH rH rH -Q 00 00

CM CM iH rH CM CM CM CM 4-> CD CD CD O CD CD CD CD 1—

3

JD

P^ P^ P^ GS OS a>

r^. r^. r^. c. 00 oo 00 00 <3

- o o o o o o p

a>E

CL inmmmoooooooo •«- HHHHrHHHH 3

CT*

OC OI »—• M HH H-4 HH M I

38
Table

6.4

ASTM

C16.

30/MIMA

Round

Robins.

Data

from

Lab

17

over

the

Time

Period

from

1976

to

1980

for

Round

Robin

I.

<_> Q-

^^DH<toooTcvj(MiDoOLnooHHcooaiaiLnir)cnaiHc\jLnouf)in

CNjr-HOOOOOr—IrHOO'-HOOOOOOOOOOOOrHOrHr—

I

I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I

I LO I— LU o —

o

cNLnc\jcvjOLT>or^Lnoi^.«3-roesjLnHcocoHr-HH«3-Lnr^coLn^-o

HHHHHCSJfOCNjHHCMHCSJHCNJCVjCMCMHHMfOHHHOCSJH

CM o o CNJ O CNJ o T—

1

o o o o O o rH o o cn o O o o o o o o o rH z Q_

<£ X n- r*. n- CD r>* LU LU cn <n <T> <n <n cn cn cn <n cn cn <n <n cn cn cn OO cn cn <n cn <n cn cn cn <n cn <n 2: f— cm C\J CM CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM O cn 00 00 O cn O cn cn cn cn rH O o <n CM CM CO CM CO CM CO CM CM CM CM CM

_j 21 CD cn OO lD 00 CD an CD U0 00 ao cn CD CD CO cn CO CO CO CO CO 00 CO CO CO CO CO CO o LU 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 CO 00 00 00 00 ao oo oo oo 00 oo oo ao oo 00 o CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM

CO O CO LD CM CO CM CM CM CM CM CM o o rH CM 00 oo ao ao oo ao <n oo <n O

h- CL O z GO 00 00 oo 00 00 oo CO 00 oo 00 CO 00 00 CO 00 o o o o o o O o o o o rH z LU O o o o o o o o o O O O o o o o rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH

1— CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO oo CO CO OO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO

fO O O O CO CO CO O CO CO r^. O CO CO rH rH LD LD rH rH 00 ao rH LD rH CO

LO E rH rH rH rH rH an LD CM rH rH D CM rH rH an CM cn cn Lf> 00 <n ao z N LU a CO CO •3" <3* CM CM CO co CM CO CO CM CO CM CM CM CM co co CM CM CO Q rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH

<n cn <n cn cn <n cn or in <n <n cn <n or cn <n cn cji cn or err cn <n cn cn or cn <n oooooooooooococoooooooooooooooaoooooooooooooooooooaooooo

odadodaoaoodadaoaoadaDaoaoaoadodaoooodooaoooododooaoadad

HHnmroMcsj«tHroc\j^Hfn(\MtHHrofnc\j(M»t«tHfncsMt

LU o

h- cococococococococococococococoaocoaoooooaoaoaocooococoao oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

Q- CMCMCMCSJCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMOOOOOOOOOOOO

—t LU rH i—I rH rH rH rH rH rH r-H rH rH1 rH rH rH rH rH rH r—I rHI rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH

ZD Q_ kDiDvDLDLDLDLDvDLD^^LDLDLDLOlD^'^,,t't^«t«t^^, »t^ ,t

CT>- cococococococococococococococococmcmcmcmcmcmcmcmcmcmcmcm

lu h- iiiixixiiixxiiiiixmiixiirr

LU >- LDtDtOLDtDtDtDLDr^r^r^P^OOOOOOOOOOCOOOOOCOOOOOOOOOOO

C (TiaiOOOOOOCSJMfvJMHHHHfOfOfOfOfOfOfOniDiD^iD O 21 OOr—irHr—ir—lr—IrHOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

CD -I < O r^r^r^i^r>*-r^r^r^r^p^r>-r^r^r^r^f^r^r^r^r^r^r^r^r^r^r^.r^r^

QC o l—« HH HH I—II—I I- * HH »—« H-II—I HH l-H H-4 HH I—II—II—I I—I l—l HT I—I I—I I—-I I—It—« —

I

DC Z|

39
THERMAL

CONDUCTIVITY,

mW/m.

Figure 6.1 Thermal Conductivity versus Density for the 915-406 mm and

915-305 mm Heat Flow Meter Apparatus from Round Robin I.

40
THERMRL

CONDUCTIVITY,

mW/m.

Figure 6.2 Thermal Conductivity versus Density for the 610-254 mm Heat Flow

Meter Apparatus from Round Robin I.

41
THERMAL

CONDUCTIVITY,

mW/m.

Figure 6.3 Thermal Conductivity versus Density for the Guarded Hot Plate

Apparatus from Round Robin I.

42
THERMAL

CONDUCT

IV

ITT,

mW/m.

Figure 6.4 Thermal Conductivity versus Density for all of the Data from Round

Robin I.

43
12 12.5 13 13.5 14 14.5 15

DENSITY, kg/m3

Figure 6.5 Deviations between Thermal Conductivity Data for the 915-406 mm and 915-305 mm Heat Flow Meter Apparatus from Round Robin I and

Values Calculated from the Model versus Density.

44
cd

_J

ccCD

I • CO

CDO

LJ

CD

£-•

C_D Q_

- —r "T i

o

—1

Avg- Dev.

2s

= -1.82%

= 2.68% -

• O

O -X X

— o X •x 7

x n

• + A LftB 12 «

7 A X O LftB 13

- LftB 14 -

• + V LftB 15 - O LftB 16

• LftB 17 . + LftB 18

-

. 4. X LftB 20 +

- T

-X LftB 21 *1

* + -

+

-

J 12 12.5 13 13.5 14 14.5 15

DENSITY, kg/m3

Figure 6.6 Deviations between Thermal Conductivity Data for the 610-254 mm Heat Flow Meter Apparatus from Round Robin I and Values Calculated

from the Model versus Density.

45
12 12.5 13 13.5 14 14.5 15

DENSITY, kg/m3

Figure 6.7 Deviations between Thermal Conductivity Data from the Guarded Hot

Plate Apparatus from Round Robin I and Values Calculated from the

Model versus Density.

46
Avg. Dev. = -1*31%

2s = 2.92%

CJ

az

CJ

i • CO

CDO

LJQ

E—

CJ

Q_

-o-

-1

-2

-3 -

-4 -

A o

+

A

-*+

V

+

+

V

V

*

X

A LRB 12

O LftB 13

LftB 14

V LRB 15

O LRB 16

LRB 17

+ LRB 18

X LRB 20

-* LftB 21

O

X

*

-5 1 • - 12 12.5 13 13.5

DENSITY, kg/m'

14 14.5 15

Figure 6.8 Deviations between all Thermal Conductivity Data from Round Robin

I and Values Calculated from the Model versus Density.

47
THERMAL

CONDUCTIVITY,

mW/m.

44 'll W

43.5 -

43 -

42.5 -

42 -

41.5 -

41 -

40.5 -

40 -

39.5 -

39

12 12.5 13 13.5 14 14.5 15

DENSITY, kg/m'

Figure 6.9 Thermal Conductivity versus Density for Control Data taken by Lab

17 for Round Robin I over the period 1976 to 1980.

48
Figure 6.10 Deviations between Control Data from Lab 17 and Values Calculated

from the Model versus Density

49
X

x X

X

f\

L

i

•) X U

a

u

j

i X X

0)

M

Irw

o>

to

rv

cn n cm cm cn

l l

X

X X

t

'J

<_) X u

Q

u

i

i

X

01

>-w

H

rv. rs. cn

CO

rs

cn

cn cm (9 cm cn

i i

* A3Q “ 13d # A3Q * lDd

CDOD

cn A

M

h

N

Ol

CO

CN.

«n cm cm cn

X

X

X

r

L

U

Q

VJ

X

rJ

i XXX

A

>

u

(N. fV01

CO

l>- oi

•A3Q * IDd ' A3Q * 13d

50

Figure

6.11

Deviations

between

Control

Data

from

Lab

17

for

Round

Robin

I

and

Values

Calculated

from

the

Model

versus

Time.
7. ROUND ROBIN II

7.1 Overview

This round robin, started in February 1977, was initiated in order to

evaluate the thermal insulation testing community's capability when measuring

thermal insulations of low density where the effects of plate emittance can

have an influence on the results due to radiative heat transfer. The only

reference standard (NBS's SRM-1450) [12] [13] available to evaluate the performance of the equipment is too dense (120-160 kg/m3

) to allow the perception

of a change in surface plate emittance. While some of the tests, by the originating laboratory, were performed early (June 1974 for the original reference values) and late, at the end of the program (July 1981 and November

1983), the majority of the tests were carried out between February 1977 and

May 1979.

The 016.30 Task Force member consisted solely of C.M. Pel anne-Chai rman.

The specimens (appliance insulation) were part of a select group of

specimens prepared by Manville Research and Development Center as calibrated

reference specimens referenced to similar specimens measured by the National

Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, MD (NBS Dec. 1974). Further information

relating to the reference values has been published [9].

Seven HFM (C518) [2], three GHP (C177) [1] and one reported as a GHP

yielding results on single specimens were involved in these measurements.

The majority of the tests were performed at 25 mm (1.0 in) test thickness

and 24°C (75°F). Some special tests were performed by participants wishing to

evaluate their equipment beyond the scope of the round robin. These data are reported but not incorporated in the analysis. They include tests at temperatures above and below 24°C and tests with and without opaque sheets between

layers of insulation (septa).

Tables 7.1 through 7.5 show the results of all of the measurements obtained during the course of this round robin. Further explanation of the

tables can be found in the appendix.

7. 2 Test Specimens

The test specimens consisted of four pairs of matched 25.4 mm (1.0 in)

blankets of appliance insulation. The specimens were circulated to all of the

participating laboratories. The nominal densities of the pairs were 11.1,

16.9, 25.5, and 32.9 kg/m3 (0.69, 1.05, 1.59, and 2.07 lb/ft 3 ). The 305x305 mm

(12x12 in) test specimens were provided with 610x610 mm (24x24 in) frames of

the same material to facilitate testing in larger apparatus. These specimens

were referenced to similar specimens measured by the National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, MD over the same density range and at about -18°C (0°F),

24°C (75°F), and 54°C (130°F) mean temperature. More details about this program may be found in a paper presented at the 17th Thermal Conductivity Conference held in Gaithersburg in June 1981, [9].

51
The densities were determined on the total specimen and, in order to

relate the test density to the test area of the apparatus, the specimens were

cut and weighed to successively smaller sizes matching the test areas. Thus

for this series of tests seventy six individual density determinations were

made. The details about these measurements are given in Table 13.5 of the

appendix.

7.

3

Test Equipment

Eleven apparatus, seven HFM's, three GHP's and one plate stated to be a GHP (the results were reported for individual specimens), were involved in

this round robin. These were as follows:

Apparatus type Number Overall size Test area

Fleat flow meter 3 610x610 mm 254x254 mm (24x24 in) (10x10 in)

II II II 1 406x406 mm 203x203 mm (16x16 in) ( 8x 8 in)

II II II 1 305x305 mm 152x152 mm (12x12 in) ( 6x 6 in)

II II II 2 305x305 mm 102x102 mm (12x12 in) ( 4x 4 in)

Guarded hot plate 1 610x610 mm 305x305 mm (24x24 in) (12x12 in)

II II II 1 457x457 mm 305x305 mm (18x18 in) (12x12 in)

II II II 1 305x305 mm 152x152 mm (12x12 in) ( 6x 6 in)

G. H. P. ? 1 ? ?

7.4 Results

The apparent thermal conductivity data resulting from the main part of

RR II, that is, the test results obtained at 24°C (75°F) mean temperature and

25.4 mm (1.0 in) test thickness except for the data from laboratory 19 that were taken at 15.6°C (60°F) mean temperature, are plotted in Figures 7.1, 7.2,

and 7.3. The data pertaining to the tests performed at different temperatures, different thicknesses and with or without septa are listed in Table 7.5

and plotted in Figure 7.4. Further details on the tests with and without

septa performed during the course of this round robin can be found in an earlier paper [14].

The HFM data (37 points) are shown in Figure 7.1, the "GHP" data (10

points as pairs and 8 points for individuals) are shown in Figure 7.2 and the

composite of all of the RR II data (total 55 points) are shown in Figure 7.3.

52
The deviations of the RR II data from the model are shown in Figures 7.5

through 7.8 in the same sequence as Figures 7.1 to 7.4. The deviation (observed - calculated) are also listed in the last column of Tables 7.1 through

7.5.

The average deviation from the model and the 2s value for each data

subset are given in each deviation plot.

Figures 7.5 shows the 2s value for the HFM 1 s is 1.73%, which is about the

same as for the RR I data. Figure 7.6 shows the GHP data from laboratory 15

at about the same level as the major part of the HFM data. The data from

laboratory 19 however is considerably lower (10%) than the mean value for both

round robins. Figure 7.7 shows the composite of all of the data. The model

values are 0.74% larger than the mean experimental values for RR II (disregarding the data from laboratory 19). Again the i nterl aboratory spread is

larger than the intralaboratory spread.

These results do not indicate any effect resulting from plate emittance

variations. This would be reflected in a greater spread in the data at the

lowest densities. It should be noted that the data from laboratory 13 (Table

5.2) and laboratory 18 (Table 7.5) cover a range of temperature from 256 to

332 K and they agree to within ± 2%. Since the three round robins are closely

related, the discussion of the significance of these results is relegated to

section 9.

Any changes in the thermal resistance of the specimens over and beyond

the extent of the round robin can be verified through the tests performed by

laboratory 17. In Table 7.4, the test data given for measurement with apparatus H1206 cover tests on the same apparatus from June 1974 to November 1983,

(6/74, 2/77, 5/79, 7/81, 11/83). Similar tests performed on 1/78 and 3/78

using apparatus H2410 are listed in Table 7.3. All of these results are plotted in Figures 7.9 and 7.10. The results from the H1206 apparatus vary by

no more than ±1% except in the case of specimen 5 for which indication of

damage is reported. The deviations for the H1206 results are plotted versus

time in Figures 7.11 and 7.12. No systematic trend is observed other than for

specimen 5. The apparent thermal conductivity of specimen 5 increased by

3.8%. No further round robin tests were performed after the damage was observed, the last tests are dated 11/79, except for the verification test.

This indicates that most of the variation in the test results is related to

the testing and not to changes in the specimens.

53
Table

7.1

ASTMC

016.

30/MIMA

Round

Robins.

Data

from

Heat

Flow

Meter

Apparatus

for

Round

Robin

II.

LnNc^HocNjoaiocNroLnoina^uioir^cO'troHmtDoo^^ntDtDCNj^-cooocvj

C_) OrHrHCMOOOOOOOOrHOOOOOCMOrHrHrHOOrHOOOOOrHrHOrHOrH Ct- I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I l l | | |

i lo I— LU O h- o o

a cl a a

c CD rH cn rH o m CO in CD oo n o O0 lo oo n CM co CM o LD <3- CM CO co o o rH *3- 00 o ID n o co «3E

<3" «3* oo in in 00 n «3" «3" ao 00 n n CO «3" <3" ao co n m <3- <3- oo n co 3- ao m «3" N3?E

«3" CO CO CO CO CO co *3* co CO CO co CO co CO CO 00 <3- «3" CO CO CO co CO co •3- <3- CO CO CO <3- CO CO co

CM cn o o rH o rH rH O O o o CO CO n n in in n LD o o o o o o o o ao oo oo ao ao oo Z Q- < z rsi CO n* n* LD LD LD LD LD LD LD LD n n n n n n n n n LU LU ao cn ao OO oo Or cn cn ao oo cn cn cn cn cn OO cn oo oo oo cn oo oo oo oo ao ao ao ao oo oo oo oo ao ao ao ao

z: 1— CSJ CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM

CM 00 OO oo O cn o rH or 0*1 00 cn oo n*. n LD LD LD CM CM CM CM CM CM CM cm <3- co *3- «3- rH «3- o ao Q CL

_1 z CD in m m CD in CD CD n n n n CO CO CO co CO 00 CO CO CO co CO CO co CO co CO CO co oo co CO LD LD LD n

O LU 00 00 00 00 oo CO 00 CO oo 00 co 00 ao co co co 00 00 oo CO aoaoaocoooaoaoaooo 00 00 00 00 00 ao oo ao

C_) 1— CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CSJ CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM

CO rH CM o CO CM CM CM CM CM CM CM 00 CO CO CO n <3- n n oo oo cn cn ao ao oo ao CO *3- *3" <3- n CM «3- «3- <3* h- Q- O Sl 00 00 00 00 00 00 CO 00 CO 00 00 00 oo oo cn oo oo oo oo oo o O o o o o o o co 00 00 oo oo n n n n

X LU o O o o O o O O O o o o o o o o o o o o rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH O o o o o O o o o 1— CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO co co co CO CO co CO co co CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO co CO CO CO co

CO oo m CO 00 rH rH LO rH C0 co CM LD O «3- CM oo o o o oo LD oo <3- o r>. CM O o <3- O o 00 co rH rH

co E oo CM CM O O rH CO 00 co LO rH LD n oo n n n 00 oo n n <3- oo LD n n 00 CM o rH z \ LU a d o oo CD co co o n CM O o LD n*. n n CM CM o o r- r** n <3- CM CM o o ID n CM o 00 LD CO o rH rH rH rH CM CM CO CO rH rH CM co rH rH rH rH CM CM CO co rH rH rH rH CM CM CO CO rH rH rH CM co rH rH CM CO

«3* •3" <3" <3- «3" *3- «3- «3- <3- «3" >3- ^ *3- «3- «3" <3* «3- <3- *3- <3* ^ ^ «3" ^ ^ *3“ ^ <3- «3- <3- *3" <3- CJ E in in in in in m in m n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n I—

U X1— CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CsJ CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM

o . LU O CL. Z

HLncMonf^^coinLDNcoHLncMtOfOf^^ooHLncsjtoroN^coHLnfsirscoHCMfxaD H CM CO *3"

I— O CO Z UJ O

h- CJ

lO lO O O lO n O O lT) O LfO O lD lO O ^0 lO lO O CD lO lO O O lO lD O ifO n O lD CD in O lO O OOHrlHHMCSJOHHC^OOHHHHMCMOOHHrlHCvjMOOHHCSJOHHCM

Q_ «t’t»t<J'^'t't^CO(ncOCOOOOOOOOOlDiDiDlD^^lD0OOOOO^«t«t<t w LU OOOOOOOOOOOOrHrHrHrHrHrHrHrHOOOOOOOOrHrHrHrHrHOOOO D Ql CMCNCMCMCMCMCMCMLOLDlOlO^^^^^^^^CMCMCMCMCMCMCMCM^^^^^CMCMCMCM

O' >- HHHHHr—IrHHrHHi—li—IC\)C\J(MC\JC\JC\JC\lC\|i—!rlHHHHHrl(\J(\J(\J(\JC\jHi—lr—IH

LU I— xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

LU >- COCOCOCOCOCOCOaDOOOOCOCOCOCOCOCOaDOOOOOOOOOONONOOOOOO

C c\jooocsjocvJOir)LT)Lnin«t»t*t^«t^^«tc\jc\icsjCMCsjCM<\j(sj<v)rorocoforonroro O 3E r—1 i—( r—

4

rHr—It-Ht—IrHOOOO O O O O O O O O O O O O O OOOOOOOOOO O O

HHHHHHHHNMMCNJ^-^^^-'t^-^'tOOONOOOOCOCOCOOOCOCOOOODOO

54

Specimens

tested

in

pairs.

Given

values

are

the

average.
Table

7.2

ASTM

016.

30/MIMA

Round

Robins.

Data

from

Guarded

Hot

Plate

Apparatus

for

Round

Robin

II.

OHtDHkDLn^-OLnoounri id o m co HHHHHHrlrlHHfflrlfSJOfOCSlHO

I I I I I I I I I I I HrIHHHHH

O —

o o

-C-C.C.C.C.CJC.C

foe ^cOLnro«tcoinm«tfn(jiConroooauji ^rororo^t-romro^-rororommromc\jc\j

Z Q- < z

ooor-»rHrHoorHor^r^r^r^.r^r^r^r^

oorv^r^oVVo-VcoaDoocococococo

<x>oscx>osos(T>os<T><x>a'>oocoaoaoaooooooo

CSJ CSJ CSJ CSI CSJ CSJ CSJ CSI CSJ CSJ CSJ C\J C\1 CSJ CSi CSJ CSJ CSJ

O LU

hOlOWJiaiOOOOOUnDlIMDkDmiiD'IMD

cocococooocococoaDcorvooooooi^

CSJ CVJ CSJ CSJ CSJ C\J CSJ CSJ CSI CSJ C\J CSJ CSI CSI CSJ CSI CSJ CSJ

h- a. o z: rHcsjcsjcococsjOrHcocsjooaoaoooooooaooo

oocoaDoococooocoaDooo^asososo^o^cnos oooooooooocnososasasososos

cococococococococococsicsjcsicsicsjcsjcsjcsj

r^LD^-LnmcsjaicsjmrHrHrHoor^r^oo tor^cNjrrooroino-tDooconfo^^tDtD

-a

OJ

C_> E

hh U

lO lO lO lT) lO lO lT) lO lD lO lD lO lO lO if") lD lO lO CSJCSJCsjcSJCSICSJCSJCSICSJCSJCSICSJCSJCSJCSJCSJCSICSJ

ra O

o

o . LU o a. z

tntorvQOin^rvcoinaDHincsuofor^^co HC\|rOrJ-HC\JfO«tr-l^

*oc

<T

3

h- Q

on z lu o

h- O

3 Q- cr>-

<a Z

co .| < o

cc. o cn z|

in o LO o in o m o m o m in O O m m O O 0J > o rH rH CSJ o rH rH CSJ o CSJ o o rH rH rH rH CSI CSI TD -rCSJ CSJ CSJ CSJ CSJ CSJ CSI CSI CSJ CSI rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH •r- O) >O OJ LD ID ID LD CSJ CSJ CSI CSI CSJ CSJ S- i- O O O o rH rH rH rH rH rH Q. 3

CSI CSJ CSJ CSJ 00 00 00 00 <3* 4-> r—

1

rH rH rH rH rH rH rH CSI CSJ 0) CO cd CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD G G CD CD N S-

•r- 07

tfl Q.E

r- O- O* r>. O* o. o. O- 00 00 00 00 CO 00 00 00 in 0J r- O- o* o* O* o- r*. 3 4-> 00 00 00 00 00 00 oo oo 00 00 o o o o o o o o 4-> o o o O o o o o o o rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH 03 C

lO lO lD lD lO lD lD lD lD lD os os os os os os os os

t- 03

o: a> CL E

Q.

03 >> o c z o

55
Table

7.3

ASTM

016.

30/MIMA

Round

Robins.

Data

from

Lab

17

over

the

Time

Period

from

1974

to

1983

for

Round

Robin

II

(610-254

mm

plates).

OOnmO^OOLDHMCMOOnmOOimrOCO’tCOiD

O HCvJ(SI(M(MCSi(M(\Jrl(MC\J(\IHH(\JCvJOHHHOHOH

Q- I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

I uo O P

o o EEEEEEEEEE uuuouuuuuu cj (J cj u

E E 3

cj u u

3

u

3 3 3

CJ CJ U

3 3 3

U U U

3E

oo o o m «3- oo co ^ ''t

CM C\| O CD O') CD OOCOlO^^^

ro ro ro ro ro ro

id id ld m

fO ro n fO ^ ^ n n ro n «t

co m n cm <ji(^

oo co Lf) id ro m

CO co ro CO CO CO

2 Q- < z

o o o o

r^. otji (j> or on

CM CM CM CM

O O O O

p* p-. <d o o cn CM CM CM CM

o o o o

i— i—

0 0)0)0

CM CM CM CM

O O O O

r*^ p" r^. o o o o CM CM CM CM

O O O O

O) O) (T> O)

CM CM CM CM

O O O O

p*. p* o o o o CM CM CM CM

s03

s-3

4-> u

(

0

+-> CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM c . o Q_ a> s- 2 ro ro ro ro ro CO ro <o ro m ro ro ro ro ro ro cn ro ro CO CO CO ro ro E 03 o LU 00 ao 00 oo 00 00 00 00 00 00 CO 00 00 00 00 oo 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 oo Q_ in CJ 1— CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM •r- 3

3

CD >>

0) -Q

<D <T> CD D CD CD CD <T> CD <D CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD O'* CD P Q- >>"o O 2 O o o o O o O O O O O o o O o O O o O O O O o o -Q 0) 2 LU rH p rH p P p P P P i—

1

P p p P p P P p P P P P p p 2 P ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro cn ro cn ro ro ro ro ro ro CO ro ro CO ro CO ~U in

03 •«- <— -Q

ro p- p- o o CM CM CD CD o o o O o o O *3- CM CD o o O a. 05 LO E CD CD p- p- CD tD P p t£> l£> LO lO CD <D m in CD p^ LO P to in <D in CL P z \] 3 10 LU a O O o o LO LO p- p- lO LD lO LO CM CM CM CM O o LO P- in in CM CM to 03 O P P p p P P p P CM CM CM CM ro cn cn ro P p P P CM CM CO co c c o o O E M U

iDlDlDlDlDlDlDlDlDlDlDLOLniDlDlDlDlDlOLDlDlDlDlD

CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM

4-

> 4-> ro fO

5- i- -Q .Q

05 CO

CJ U

C_) • LU O a. 2 oo LDLDCMCMkD^)rOrONP'^^COCOHLDCsjLOrOP*<tOD

in to

to to

a» a) c c

u u

f— Q 00 2 LU O

h- O

.c .c

+-> -P TO TO C C

T> 05 Q_hh LU; 2) Q- CD>-

LU h- HHrlHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHrlrlHHHrl OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CsJ CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM

-P P C C

(0 05 P P

in in

<O 2

ooaoooooooooaoooooooooaoooooooaoooooooooooaooooo

r^r^p'-r^-p^p^r^r^-r^r^r^p^p^p^p^p^p^r^r^r^r^.r^r^.r^ P P P i—I i—!i—i P P P P i—I P P P i—I H (O (O CO CO PO 00 CO CO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

o o

u u

t- s_

a) a) p p 0) 0)

oo . <C o p.r^r^p-p-p^p^r^p-p-p-p-r^-r^p^r^r^p>.r^p^p^r^p^pP p

03 05

a) a>

cc: o on Z| E 3 U U

56
Table

7.4

ASTM

016.

30/MIMA

Round

Robins.

Data

from

Lab

17

over

the

Time

Period

from

1974

to

1983

for

Round

Robin

II

(305-152

mm

plates).

OQ_

c0f^«3-<3-cncncMCMCMCMCMC0c0CMCMCMLDC0L0CMCMCM<3'C0CMOOmLDCMC0CML0L0r^L0CMCMCM00r'*.CM

OOOOOOOOOOOrHrHOOOOOOOOOOOOrHCOOOOrHOOOCOCOOOOOOO I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II II I I I I I I I l l I l I

I cn

I— UJ O —

o o

-Q.Q.Cl.a-a-a-Q-Q.£)-Cl-Q-ajD-Q-Q-Q.Q a -a -a u u u

fTJE w

o cn *3* m in in m in m CM CM CM 0 O rH 00 in 00 co CM CO <3

* <3- m in CM O cn LO LO r^. in in LO in CM

LO <3- *3- 3

00 00 00 00 m in m in in <3

- <3- <3

- in in co 00 m m ^ ^ *3- LO co 00 m m «3 <3- LO LO 00 00 in Lf) <3 <3

-

IXE

*3 <3* CO CO CO CO CO CO CO 00 co co CO CO co *3- «3- ro co CO CO CO CO ^ <13- CO co CO CO CO co <3 *3

- co CO co CO co CO

o o o O o O o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O O 0 0 0 0 O 0 0 O O 0 0 0 0 0 O O 0 0 0 0 O rH rH Z CL

<a: a. r*^ r^. r*- r*^ 1 ^ 1^ n* r^. rUJ UJ <T> <JT <n <n cn cn cn <n cn (7> cn cn cn <n cn <n <n <n <n <n <n m cn n <n <n <n cn n <n cn cn cn cn cn <n cn cn cn cn cn cn 3: i- CNJ CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM

CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CO CO CO CM co CM CM CO co Q CL

_J co CO CO CO CO CO CO CO co CO co co CO co CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CM CO CO CO CO CO CO co CO CO co CO CO co co CO co co O UJ CO CO 00 00 00 00 CO 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 co co 00 00 00 CO 00 00 00 00 00 00 CO 00 00 00 00 CO CM 00 00 00 00 00 03 00 o CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM co CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM co CM CM CM CM CM CM CM

CTT <T> <X> <T» <T> <T> cn cn <T> cn cn cn <n <n cn cn cn <n cn n cn <n <n <n <n <n <n <n cn <n cn cn cn 00 00 cn <n cn cn

h- Q_ O a. O O O O o O o 0 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O 0 0 0 O 0 0 0 0 X UJ rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH 1—t rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH H— CO CO CO CO CO CO 00 00 CO CO co CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO co CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO co CO CO co CO CO CO CO

CO or 0"> LD LO cn cn <3- O 0 O 0*- CM CM O O cn LO <n <3- O CM O <n LO cn <3 O CM O <n LO LO cn <3- O CM 0 LO e lO LO LO m 00 00 cn cn <n m in in in *3 in in CO cn m in *3- in in 00 cn in in «3 in in 00 <n m in <3

- z \ UJ a o o O o n* in in in CM CM CM CM 0 0 LO CM CM 0 0 r^. in *3

- CM CM 0 0 0 r^. in <3- CM CM Q rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH CM CM CM CM CM CO CO CO CO rH rH rH rH CM CM co CO rH rH rH rH CM CM CO CO rH rH rH rH rH CM CM co CO

<3- *3" *3- «3" «3" <3- *3" Cl- «=t *3- *3* <3* «3* •3- <3* *3" "3- <3 *3- <3 <3 <3- <3* *3 •3 *3 <3- *3- «3 <3

- *3 *3" c_> e in in Lf) Lf) LO in n in in in in in in in in in in in in in in m LO m in in m in in in in in in in in in in in m m in in X

h— CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CSJ

o . uj o a_ z

co HHLnLncvjcNjtotorofnroNf^’t<toooOHtnc\j(oroN»toDHLncsjLOforN«toOHLnLnc\j^£)fON<too

h- Q CD Z UJ o

X Q- cr>-

ininininooooinininininooooininooininoominooininooinininooininoo OOOOHHHHHHHHHMMCNJ(MOOrlHrlrlMMOOHHHHN(\JOOOHHHHCSJCvJ HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHrlrlrlHHHHH

ldldldldldldldldldldldldloldldldldldldldldldldldldldldldldldldldldldldldloldldldldld oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo CMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCsJCMCMCMCM HrlHHrlrlHHHHHHHrlHHHHHHHrlHrlHrlHHHHHrlHrlHHHHHHHH inni^^i^^cxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Nr>.NNf^Nr^NfvNr^NNNrsrNrvpvf>sfssf^r^Nr^rNcocooooooocococooooooooooocooooooo LDLDLDLDLDLDLDLOLDLDLDLDLDLDLOLDLDlDLnLninLnLnLnLnONOr^OOOOi OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOrHt——IHrHi—I I—I i—If—I H H IHHHHH hh

GQ . <c o

cc: o Cd Z|

rsr^r^r««r*»h»r^NNr>>h-fxf^rsfvrssr^Nh»rNrsr^rNNf^fvfs.r^rvNNrvrNr^rvrNr,vrvr*>.Nrs

57

b:

Reference

values

for

the

specimens

based

on

NBS

data,

cd:

Specimen

center

test

area

damaged.
Table

7.5

ASTM

016.

30/MIMA

Round

Robins.

Special

Tests

with

Thickness

and

Temperature

as

Variables

(with

and

without

septum).

LDin(JiOO(MOs3-iDC\jmOlD(\MtrOinCM(\JHL^OCOMCOOOONCOO<\JO(NJO

OOOCSJOOOOrHi-HrHrHOOOOOOOrHOOOrHOCSJrHrHt—lOOCSJrHt-HO

3 3 3 D 3 U 3 U<JUU<J<JU S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-Sd» 4- a> « 4- a» *4- <x> *+— CL) 0) CD CD CD CD 0) 0) 0) CD CD 0) CD 0)

CT3E 3E

HHLnrico^MoocxxMcDcD^LfUfiaifomcD^oooiDscDfOinrs^ooocno

LniDcocotnLn^'ttDcncD^^Lnaurun^^LnaiLn-to^cDrocDiDOLnHo^o «t^cnfO(oconcn»tcocoPO<t*tfOcorocnro»tcv)fOoon«tLf)nn«fcoco^fnco<t

Z Q_

<C 2=

CNJ O CNI O H CNI O H 00 O O O O O O O O O rH CNJ CsJ CO CNJ r*» H rH CH CSJ O N O CNI P>* CNJ r^(^r^r^r^r^r^i^cx)ciDr^-r^r^r^.r^r^o-r^r^.iX)'X)r^r^r^Lnc\jc0Lnc\jc3DLnrHc0Lr)c\j aiawjioaia'cnoicTHjicnaiaicTxTKjijiaMjiaiaioiauDo^cocDcDrocDOimtDCDfo

CNJCNJCNICNICNJCNJCNICNJCNJCNJCNJCNJCNJCNJCNJCNJCNICNICNJCNJCNJCNJCNICNJCNJCOCNJCNJCOCNICNJCOCNICNIPO

rHaOrH<X>OrHO<T>«d"CO<3*COCNJCNJCNJCNJC\|CNJCNJCOCOCOCOCOr-IOCNJ<3-CNJ<y>0*3*CO<y»0

cDLn^LniDiDcDLnrofororororonmcsjrorofommroh'tDCsjcOtDMNtDHODLncN

oooooooooo<X)oocx)rnco<X)oooooooooocx)ooc30cx)cx)<X)cx)uncx)CMLncx)c\jLnooc\iLnaocsj

C\J CNJ CNJ CNJ CNI CNJ C\J CNJ CNI C\| C\J CNJ C\J CNJ CVJ C\J CO CsJ CNJ C\| CNJ CSJ CNJ C\i C\J CO C\J C\| CO CNJ C\J CO CNJ CNJ CO

h- Q. O 21 eococsjfocMfooc\icninrvr^cji(n<ji(jujMjia)(7)CMOcv)cs)CMHO'tc\j(\i^TOH^fn

co<»odo6ododo6oooooooooocz)Oood<7irHrHr^ir)c^<x)Lr)C\jcdtncslodLncsj OOOOOOOOrHr—l(—IrHrHrH^rHrHrHr—lOO^HrHr^OcJ-r^O^O-O^-O-O^ rofOfOfnmmroncoromforomcorooofocnrorococnMfOfOCMrorocMromcvjforo

HHif)iDHH(Tl(JlfnOOOHroma)OOHHrOCOOHCO(X)COnnfOHHHHHH (XlCONNLnLnCMCVJCOCOiDr^COCOOOcDCDr^rNCOCOiDf^COCOCOCvICsjCNiOOOHHH

^ 00C000a0a0 00 a0a000O0a0 00cocococooocoooa0a0a0a0<3-*3-<3-«3-«3-<3-<5i-<3-«3-^1-«3-^ O e OOOOOOOOOOOOfHrHr—IrHrHrHrHOOOOLnLntnLnLnLnLnLOLnLniDLf)

•—* u

in LniDLr)Lr)ir)LnLf)Lr)ir)Lf)LnLr)LnLOLntr)LOLnLr)LnLnLr)Lnc\jc\jc\ic\jc\jc\jc\jcsjc\jcsjc\jcsj

o • LU O Q- Z S) LnLnLOLor^.r^oooOLnLor^aOLnuoLorvr^oooOLnLor^aOrHrHrHCNjcNjCNjr^r^r^ooaooo HHCMCVjrOfO<t«tHCMM^HHCMCOrO«t«tHCMrO«t

h- Q 00 z LU o

h- O

tnuoooLnLnootnoLnoLnLnoLnLnoomoLnoLnLnLnoooLnLnLnooo OOHHHHMMOHHCSJOOHHHCNMOrlHMOOOHHHHHHMMCM ro^m^fo^co^forocoforofnfOforonnfonfnnHHHHHHHHHHHH

t—t UJ O O O O O O O O i—I I—I rl H H rl i—I I—I I—IHi—I rH i—

1

pH rH O O O O O O O O O O O O

ID a. CSJ C\| CNI CSJ CSJ CNI CNJ CNJ CNJ C\| CNJ CSJ CNJ CNJ CSJ C\| O' >- HHHHHHHHCSJCsJC\JC\JCVJC\JC\JCSJCSJCNIC\JCSJC\J<NJC\JHHHHHHHHHHHH

LU h- IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIXIIXIIIIIIIIIIIIXI

lu >- oocx)cx)cx)<x)oooo<x)coooco<x>oooooocx)cx)cocx)r^r^r«.r^r^.r^.r^r^f^r^r>.r^r^r^f^r^

h- i—- r^. r^. r—^ i— r^. r— i— i— r^- r^. r^- r^- i—. r^- i— i— i—. r

<C HHHHHHHH<tf-<d-^J-«3-COCOCOCOCOCOCOCOOOcOCOrOCOOQOOCQOOOOcOOOCOCOCO OS! rHrHrHrHrHrHrHrHOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

HHHHHHHH«t<t^^-r^rNrsrvf^rvf^coooco(X)ooa3oooooocDco(i)cocooooo

58

e:

Two

specimens

stacked

to

5.08

cm,

tested

without

septum,

f:

Two

specimens

stacked

to

5.08

cm,

tested

with

septum,

t-r:

Specimens

tested

over

a

broader

temperature

range,

cu:

Heat

meter

constant

established

by

user.
THERMRL

CONDUCTIVITY,

mW/m.

50 ' 1 1 I

1 ' 11

I

1 1 1 1

I

47.5

42.5 -

40 -

37.5

35

32.5

30

27.5

o Lfl6 11 A LflB 12

LflB 14

V LflB 15

O LflB 17

+ LflB 18

X LflB 19

O

25 L-i—i—i—i-J—i^—i^-L-i—! i i I i i i i 10 12.5 15 17.5 20 22.5 25 27.5 30 32.5 35

DENSITY, kg/m3

Figure 7.1 Thermal Conductivity versus Density for Heat Flow Meter Apparatus

from Round Robin II.

59
THERMAL

CONDUCTIVITY,

mW/m.

Figure 7.2 Thermal Conductivity versus Density for Guarded Hot Plate

Apparatus from Round Robin II.

60
THERMRL

CONDUCTIVITY,

mW/m.

Figure 7.3 Thermal Conductivity versus Density for all Primary Round Robin II Data.

61
Figure 7.4 Thermal Conductivity versus Density for Supplementary Round Robin

II Data.

62
2

— 1 CJ

az

CJ

0 coCD

o

Q

E—

CJ

0- -2

-3

10 12.5 15 17.5 20 22.5 25 27.5 30 32.5 35

DENSITY, kg/m3

Figure 7.5 Deviations between Thermal Conductivity Data for Heat Flow Meter

Apparatus from Round Robin II and Values Calculated from the Model

versus Density.

Avg. Dev. = -0.60% O LflB 11 2s = 1.737. A LftB 12

• LftB 14 +

_ + V LftB 15 A

- + O LftB 17

. + LftB 18 O

* X LftB 19

A O

+ A

. 9>

A + o c4 o

“ A

O +

. O +

’ o O

• o

•

63
Figure 7.6 Deviations between Thermal Conductivity Data for Guarded Hot Plate

Apparatus from Round Robin II and Values Calculated from the Model versus Density.

64
Figure 7.7 Deviations between all Primary Thermal Conductivity Data from

Round Robin II and Values Calculated from the Model versus

Density.

65
Figure 7.8 Deviations between Supplementary Thermal Conductivity Data from

Round Robin II and Values Calculated from the Model versus Density.

66
THERMAL

CONDUCTIVITY,

mW/m.

Figure 7.9 Thermal Conductivity versus Density of Control Data taken by Lab

17 for Round Robin II over the Period 1974 to 1983.

67
4

3

GZO

I CO 1 DOO

> 0

QJQ

O

CL. -2

-3

10 12.5 15 17.5 20 22.5 25 27.5 30 32.5 35

DENSITY, kg/m3

Figure 7.10 Deviations between Control Data from Lab 17 for Round Robin II and Values Calculated from the Model versus Density.

|

I I I M I I I I

|

! . I

|

I I I !

|

I I I I

|

! I I !

: $

Damaged specimens excluded

- 0 OLflB 11 Avg. Dev. = -0.90% - A Lfl8 12

. LRB 14 2s = 1.64% «

• V LRB 15 • O Lae 17

. + LRB 18 •

* X LRB 19 -

; o

00

o

o

'<*> <*> o

o & : :*o

-o

o

0

o 0 o

0 oo 0 AV 0

: o 0 o

- o oo o

-

; o

o

o o

. 1 . . . . 1 . .

68
"X

X

x

t X

(\l

• u

uA

U)

>

in

<d q: s i

- LJ

>-

2 £

~y

X

X

X X

u — Uja

in

X

W

q:

a:u

>-

2 £

A3 Q * IDd A 3 Q ‘ 13d

yr

: !

X

$ l »«

• o

Uia

tr

X X

inI

hi>

m U

= z

y

X

X

X

* X_

r — <_u

Q

U

iJ

5L_ N

in

s> O'

to rr cn IL ~ u

>

2 £

CM -•

A3Q * IDd A3Q 'IDd

69

Figure

7.11

Deviations

between

Control

Data

from

Lab

17

for

Round

Robin

II

and

Values

Calculated

from

the

Model

versus

Time

(Set

1).
tn

a:

a:u>

u

zM

H

0)

QC

a:u

>•

u

zM

I-

«n oj — s cm m

l l

* A3Q "IDd •A3Q * 13d

*

[

X

X X

in

• u

UJ

l

t

2.n

X

01

to Q£ ® CL ” U

>

M

H

co

fs. n

r*

<n n CM cm cn

l I

JT

X

X

X X

IV

<_u

a

u

I

i

X

CM

a>

cn n

0) ® a;

0D ~

cn U- ~ u

>-

H

u>N

cn

rv

tn cn cm S cm cn

* A3Q * IDd * A3Q ’IDd

70

Figure

7.12

Deviations

between

Control

Data

from

Lab

17

for

Round

Robin

II

and

Values

Calculated

from

the

Model

versus

Time

(Set

2).
8. ROUND ROBIN III

8. 1 Overview

Round robin III was initiated following two meetings late in 1979. On

September 13, 1979, a meeting was held at the National Bureau of Standards

(NBS) in Gaithersburg, MD to review the status of development of the one meter

line-source GHP [16] which is intended to extend the thermal measurement capabilities of NBS. One of the first and the most urgent tasks to be performed

was to provide reference specimens to verify GHP's (ASTM C177) [1] and calibrate HFM's (ASTM C518) [2] for tests on low density thermal insulations at

thicknesses greater than 25.4 mm (1.0 in). It was agreed that the ongoing

ASTM C-16.30 round robin program could provide helpful information in the

evaluation of the new NBS GHP and provide information on the measurement

capabilities of existing test equipment.

On October 7, 1979, at the regular meeting of ASTM C-16 in Nashville, TN

task force representatives and participants of the September 13th meeting met

to consider the request. The task force agreed to carry out a round robin

with increasing thicknesses of glass fiber insulation initially to cover GHP's

but with future extention to large HFM's*. The tests would be limited to

equipment capable of testing specimens at least 100 mm (4.0") thick. The

tests were carried-out between January 1980 and April 1983.

The C-16.30 Task Force Members were,

Charles M. Pelanne, (Chairman);

Diana Kirkpatrick, (NVLAP),

and Jerome G. Hust.

The material used for the round robin consisted of eight matched pieces

of 25.4 mm (1 in) thick specimens of three densities of glass fiber insulation

batts. The specimens were supplied from the NVLAP inventory of low density

glass fiber samples obtained from the Manville Research and Development Center.

All of the tests were performed on matched pairs of specimens at 25.4 mm

(1 in), 50.8 mm (2 in), 76.2 mm (3 in), and 101.6 mm (4 in) test thickness and

24°C (75°F) mean temperature. The same specimens were circulated to all of

the participating laboratories.

Table 8.1 and 8.2 show the results of the measurements as obtained during

the course of RR III. The NBS data for RR III are listed in Table 5.2. Table

8.3 provides data on the matched sets as individuals instead of pairs as in

the main part of the program. The data was obtained by HFM and are provided

for reference only.

8. 2 Test Specimens

The specimens consisted of three sets of glass fiber insulation batts,

each set made up of eight, 25.4 mm (1 in) thick, matched, 610 x 610 mm (24 x 24 in) pieces. These specimens were provided by NVLAP of NBS in order to

expedite the program.

*The HFM portion of this plan was not carried out.

71
The specimens were selected by the task force chairman from a stock of

NVLAP characterized glass fiber insulation specimens. The selection and characterization of the specimens held at NBS by NVLAP allowed for a very accurate

selection of the specimens required for this program. The selection was made

on the basis of uniformity of weight, the predicted apparent thermal conductivity and the uniformity of density distribution within the central test

area, for each of the three density groups. The apparent thermal conductivity

was predicted for each specimen on the basis of weight and light transmission

[15] measurements performed as part of the contract. The density distribution

was also determined by means of the light transmission measurements. The

specimens with the selection characteri sties are listed below.

Side one Predicted Side two Predicted

Teststack Specimen Densi ty k Specimen Densi ty k

Order* Number (kg/m

3

) (mW-m 3

*K *") Number (kg/m

3

) (mW*m "'K *")

Set Number 1

1 81247 11.5 43.7 50138 11.5 43.6

2 82278 11.7 43.6 50975 11.5 43.6

3 50134 11.2 43.8 50533 11.4 43.7

4 81257 11.7 43.6 61663 11.5 43.7

Set Number 2

1 80831 15.7 39.9 81065 15.7 39.9

2 80914 15.9 39.9 80738 15.7 39.9

3 80762 15.7 39.9 80874 15.5 39.9

4 85855 15.4 39.9 85545 15.7 40.0

Set Number 3

1 11931 19.2 37.9 11761 19.2 37.9

o

6. 11141 18.6 38.2 11911 18.1 38.4

3 12115 20.3 37.5 10155 19.2 37.9

4 10615 18.4 38.2 10575 18.7 38.1

To allow testi ng in large GHP's 1220 x 1220 x 25. 4mm (48 x 48 x 1 in)

pieces of insulation from the same production lot as the material supplied to

NBS for the NVLAP program were provided. These large pieces were selected to

match the density of the specimens they were to guard. The stacking order for

these pieces and the test specimens is shown in the appendix. The center 610

x 610 mm portions were cut out to form frames for the test specimens.

The density of each individual piece was determined for the whole 610 mm specimen and in order to relate the test density to the apparatus test area

each piece was cut and weighed to successively smaller sizes matching the test

areas. A total of one hundred and twenty density determinations for individual specimens covering the range of test areas and nominal densities were

made. Ninety cumulative density calculations were made for the various

stacked thicknesses. The details are reported in Table 13.6.

*Teststack order indicates the order in which the specimens were stacked to

achieve the various test thicknesses.

72
8. 3 Test Equipment

Five GHP's were involved in this round robin. These were as follows;

Apparatus type Number Overall size Test area

Square GHP

II

II

II

II

2

1

1

1219x1219 mm (48x48 in)

914x914 mm (36x36 in)

610x610 mm (24x24 in)

457x457 mm (18x18 in)

406x406 mm (16x16 in)

305x305 mm (12x12 in)

Ci r. 1 i ne-source GHP 1 1016 mm diam.

(40in diam)

406 mm diam.

(16 in diam)

8. 4 Results

The test dates ran from January 1980 to April 1983. In some instances

the tests were performed in two different periods during the course of the

round robin.

Round robin III was conducted on three sets of specimens with different

nominal densities and at four thicknesses, the results were analyzed as a function of both density and thickness.

All of the apparent thermal conductivity data are plotted as a function

of density in Figure 8.1. It is interesting to note that the spread of the

data is nearly the same for each nominal density. The spread is a measure of

a) specimen inhomogeneity, b) experimental imprecision (both intra- and inter

laboratory) and c) the effect of thickness. The latter is expected to be

larger at low density but the effect is nearly hidden in the overall scatter

on this plot. All of the data are plotted as a function of thickness in

Figure 8.2. The data are grouped in three categories representing each of the

nominal densities. Here the effect of thickness is clearer but it should be

noted that the effect is only marginally greater than the overall spread in

the data for each density. The effect of thickness at the highest density is

within the spread of the data. Some overlap exists between the results obtained on the two higher densities. The deviation of all of the RR III re- sults from the model are shown in Figure 8.3 as a function of density and in

Figure 8.4 as a function of thickness.

The average deviation from the model and the 2s value for each data subset are shown on the deviation plots.

These figures show that the interlaboratory spread is about 2.5% around

the experimental mean value, which is greater than for RR I and RR II. The

intralaboratory spread is about half of the interlaboratory spread.

In this case, it was desirable to separately plot the deviations for each

nominal density as a function of thickness and for each thickness as a function of density. Figures 8.5 through 8.8 show the deviations as a function of

density for the 25.4, 50.8, 76.2 and 101.6 mm thicknesses, respectively.

73
Figures 8.9 through 8.11 show the deviations as a function thickness for the

three nominal densities, 11, 16, and 19 kg/m3

, (0.7, 1.0, and 1.2 lb/ft3 ),

respectively.

The percent deviations (observed - calculated) are also listed in the

last column of Tables 5.2, 8.1, and 8.2. Since the three round robins are closely related, the detailed discussion of the significance of these results

is relegated to section 9 of this report.

74
Table 8.1 ASTM C-16. 30/MIMA Round Robins. Primary Data for Round Robin III.

RR LAB DATE EQUIP TEST SPEC. THICK. DENS. HOT COLD MEAN k FOOTNO. NO. M Y TYPE C0ND. NO. cm kq/m3 TEMP TEMP TEMP mW/(i-K) NOTES PCT

Ill 12 0180 G4818 507 1 2.54 11.58 308.2 286.1 297.1 43.8 1.7

III 12 0180 G4818 607 12 5.08 11.44 308.2 286.0 297.1 44.4 1.7

III 12 0180 G4818 707 123 7.62 11.44 308.2 286.0 297.1 44.7 2.0

III 12 0180 G4818 807 1234 10.16 11.39 308.2 286.0 297.1 44.9 2.0

III 12 0180 G4818 509 1 2.54 15.68 308.2 286.0 297.1 39.7 0.7

III 12 0180 G4818 609 12 5.08 15.71 308.2 286.0 297.1 40.2 1.6

III 12 0180 G4818 709 123 7.62 15.70 308.3 286.0 297.1 40.4 1.7

III 12 0180 G4818 809 1234 10.16 15.63 308.2 286.0 297.1 40.7 2.2

III 12 0180 G4818 512 1 2.54 19.40 308.2 286.0 297.1 37.6 0.8

III 12 0180 G4818 612 12 5.08 19.09 308.2 286.0 297.1 38.1 1.1

III 12 0180 G4818 712 123 7.62 19.33 308.2 286.0 297.1 38.2 1.6

III 12 0180 G4818 812 1234 10.16 19.25 308.2 286.1 297.1 38.5 2.2

III 15 1080 G2412 507 1 2.54 11.85 310.9 283.3 297.1 43.1 0.9

III 15 1080 G2412 607 12 5.08 11.47 310.8 283.0 296.9 43.7 0.3

III 15 1080 G2412 707 123 7.62 11.50 311.4 283.1 297.2 44.0 0.4

III 15 1080 G2412 807 1234 10.16 11.39 311.3 283.2 297.2 44.4 0.9

III 15 1080 G2412 509 1 2.54 15.30 310.8 283.2 297.0 39.4 -0.6

III 15 1080 G2412 609 12 5.05 15.49 310.9 283.0 297.0 39.7 -0.2

III 15 1080 G2412 709 123 7.62 15.60 310.9 283.0 296.9 40.0 0.6

III 15 1080 G2412 809 1234 10.16 15.51 310.5 282.9 296.7 40.1 0.7

III 15 1180 G2412 512 1 2.54 19.21 311.0 283.2 297.1 37.5 0.1

III 15 1180 G2412 612 12 5.05 18.89 310.5 283.0 296.8 37.6 -0.2

III 15 1180 G2412 712 123 7.59 19.32 310.9 283.0 297.0 37.8 0.6

III 15 1180 G2412 812 1234 10.16 19.27 310.5 282.9 296.7 38.1 1.3

III 18 0483 G2412 507 1 2.54 11.85 309.7 282.5 296.1 43.4 ed 2.1

III 18 0483 G2412 607 12 5.08 11.47 311.0 283.8 297.4 45.0 ed 2.8

III 18 0483 G2412 707 123 7.62 11.50 311.2 283.7 297.4 44.6 ed 1.6

III 18 0483 G2412 807 1234 10.16 11.39 311.2 283.5 297.3 44.6 ed 1.2

III 18 0483 G2412 509 1 2.54 15.30 311.2 284.4 297.8 39.2 ed -1.5

III 18 0483 G2412 609 12 5.08 15.49 310.0 283.1 296.6 40.1 ed 1.1

III 18 0483 G2412 709 123 7.62 15.60 311.2 283.0 297.1 39.8 ed 0.1

III 18 0483 G2412 809 1234 10.16 15.51 310.4 283.2 296.8 40.0 ed 0.4

III 18 0483 G2412 512 1 2.54 19.21 311.2 284.1 297.7 37.5 ed -0.1

III 18 0483 G2412 612 12 5.08 18.89 310.7 283.7 297.2 38.2 ed 1.2

III 18 0483 G2412 712 123 7.62 19.32 310.9 283.5 297.2 38.1 ed 1.2

III 18 0483 G2412 812 1234 10.16 19.27 311.0 283.4 297.2 37.9 ed 0.7

III 22 1182 G3616 507 1 2.54 11.74 306.7 287.2 296.9 43.3 cpi 1.0

III 22 1182 G3616 607 12 5.08 11.50 310.9 283.6 297.3 43.3 cpi -0.9

III 22 1182 G3616 707 123 7.62 11.50 310.8 283.9 297.4 45.6 cpi 3.8

III 22 1182 G3616 807 1234 10.16 11.42 310.2 283.9 297.0 44.1 cpi 0.5

III 22 0481 G3616 509 1 2.54 15.70 304.8 286.8 295.8 39.8 cpu 1.8

III 22 0481 G3616 609 12 5.08 15.78 308.3 284.8 296.5 40.5 cpu 2.7

III 22 0481 G3616 709 123 7.62 15.76 308.3 284.8 296.5 40.8 cpu 3.2

III 22 0481 G3616 809 1234 10.16 15.68 310.3 286.5 298.4 40.8 cpu 2.0

III 22 0481 G3616 512 1 2.54 19.41 306.8 286.9 296.8 38.2 cpu 2.4

III 22 0481 G3616 612 12 5.08 19.11 309.3 284.8 297.1 38.8 cpu 3.0

III 22 0481 G3616 712 123 7.62 19.43 310.1 284.7 297.4 39.1 cpu 3.7

III 22 0481 G3616 812 1234 10.16 19.38 309.3 284.8 297.0 40.0 cpu 5.9

Lab 13 datai are given in Table 5.2

cpi: Tests performed with insulated cold plates

cpu: Tests performed wtih uninsulated cold plates

ed: Equipment difficulty reported

75
Table

8.2

ASTM

016.

30/MIMA

Round

Robins.

Secondary

Data

for

Round

Robin

III.

OOOrHOrHOOrH

O I—O

roe OO^COLDHCn^Ol

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h- Q- o se:

C_)

(JiOTOTOTOTCnU'OTOT

lO lO lO lO lO lO lD LO lO OOOOOOCOOOOOOOOOOO

CM CM CM C\J CM CM CM CSJ CM

CMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCM

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o o o O O O rH rH rH

lO LO LO LO LO LO LO LO LO C

00 00 00 00 CO 00 00 00 00 0) I—

1

rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH >

00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 •r—

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c o o o o O O O o o

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t—

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t—

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76
A'.IM I

Hi

lll/MIMA

KiMIIhI

Mullin'.

In.l.

|'p|'

fill

IIIPlI

.il I

.ill

1/

III!

Illiliviilil.il

.1.11

M«--l

tr

A.

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>i I

lit* 'i11

mi I11

ml

fin I

In-|

»*pV

lull's |

in 11

ul

<t|ini

liiimi
Figure 8.1 Thermal Conductivity versus Density of all Round Robin III Data.

78
Figure 8.2 Thermal Conductivity versus Thickness of all Round Robin III Data.

79
CD

_J

CCO

I OT

CDO

LJ

o

F-»

c_j

CL.

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

DENSITY kg/m

3

Figure 8.3 Deviations between all Thermal Conductivity Data From Round Robin

III and Values Calculated from the Model versus Density.

80
0

_J

a:

CD

1 in

CDO

Ld

a

E—

o

Q_

23456789 10 11

THICKNESS, cm

Figure 8.4 Deviations between All Thermal Conductivity Data f

r c~ R o

^

^ c: Rob'n

III and Values Calculated from the Model versus Thickness.

81
o1 cc0

1 • CO

ODO

LJQ

t-n O

Q_

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

DENSITY, kg/m3

Figure 8.5 Deviations between the Thermal Conductivity Data from Round Robin

III at a Thickness of 25.4 mm and Values Calculated from the Model versus Density.

82
CJ

_J

cn0

1 • CO

cno

QJa

f-H

CJ) Q_

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

DENSITY, kg/m3

Figure 8.6 Deviations between the Thermal Conductivity Data from Round Robin

III at a Thickness of 50.8 mm and values Calculated from the Model versus Density.

83
0

-_1

010

1 • CO

CDO

QJ

E—

O

Q_

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

DENSITY, kg/m3

Figure 8.7 Deviations between the Thermal Conductivity Data from Round Robin

III at a thickness of 76.2 mm and values Calculated from the Model versus Density.

84
0

az

CJ

1 • CO

QQO

LJ

CD

E—O

Q_

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

DENSITY,kg/m3

Figure 8.8 Deviations between the Thermal Conductivity Data from Round Robin

III at a thickness of 101.6 mm and values Calculated from the

Model versus Density.

85
o

<n0

1 CO

COO

>

QJ

CD

e-« O

Q_

Figure 8.9 Deviations between the Thermal Conductivity Data from Round Robin

III at a Nominal Density of 11 kg/m3 and Values Calculated from

the Model versus Thickness.

86
o

_]

cn0

1 • CO

CDO

QJ

CD

E-h

CD

CL. 23456789 10 11

THICKNESS, cm

Figure 8.10 Deviations between the Thermal Conductivity Data from Round Robin

III at a Nominal Density of 16 kg/m3 and Values Calculated from

the Model versus Thickness.

87
o

_Jaz0

1 coCD

o

CjJ o

E—

CJ

Q_

Figure 8.11 Deviations between the Thermal Conductivity Data from Round Robin

III at a Nominal Density of 19 kg/m3 and Values Calculated from

the Model versus Thickness.

88
9. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

Because of the interrelationship of the objectives and conclusions of the

three round robins, the discussion for each of them will be given in this

section. First we address the separation of test result variability caused by

specimen inhomogeneity as contrasted with that caused by measurement imprecision. Then we discuss the conclusions for each round robin.

9.1 Separation of Variabilities

The usual objective of a round robin study is to determine the measurement variability of a group of laboratories for a given property of a given

test specimen. This objective is frequently complicated, as it is here, by

the effect of unquantified specimen characteristics because of differences in

apparatus size and configuration. In these round robins the objective is

further complicated because of the range of test conditions investigated (temperature, specimen density and thickness). The test results have been com- pared here to the model described in section 6 to minimize the effect of the

additional range of test conditions. To the extent that the model provides a description of these dependencies, that objective has been achieved. Since

essentially all of the data are within a few percent of the model and systematic dependencies of the deviations are minimal, the differences in test con- ditions do not contribute significantly to the overall variability.

In addition to the above ranges of test conditions, the complex heat

transfer processes in thermal insulations may depend on unquantified specimen

and apparatus characteristics. For example, the dependence on plate emittance, fiber diameter, fiber orientation, phenolic content, and shot content

is not well known. The test methods generally require a minimum value of 0.8

for plate emittance but the actual measured values are not reported. The

fiber diameters, given earlier, are representative for each of the insulations

used here, but the variations in fiber diameter among specimens is unknown.

The effect of these unquantified characteristics establishes a minimum value

below which laboratory variability can not be assessed.

The first task is to estimate the minimum variability due to these

unknowns. The total variability is the combined effect of this minimum variability plus intralaboratory (within laboratory, usually meaning the imprecision of a single apparatus) and interlaboratory (between laboratory) variability. To facilitate this analysis, the average deviations and 2s values given

in the previous deviation plots are compiled in Table 9.1.

The i ntral aboratory variability can be estimated from repeat measurements

on a given specimen using a single apparatus. Subsets 6/5 and 7/5 contain the

bulk of the repeat measurements. The deviations of the data in subset 6/5 are plotted for each specimen in Figure 6.11. These data are actually obtained

from two HFM apparatus but the results show them to be indistinguishable. The

spread of the data for two of the four specimens is comparable to the spread

for all of the specimens combined as shown in Figure 6.10. Thus the intralaboratory variability is estimated as 1.9%. The deviations of the data in subset 7/5 are plotted for each of the eight specimens in Figures 7.11 and 7.12.

Again two apparatus were used to obtain these data but they are readily separable. The data plotted for 1978 are taken with one apparatus while all the

others with another. A difference of about 1% between the two apparatus is

noted. In this case the variability of the results for each apparatus is

89
Date

Shown

Listed

Specimen

Specimen

Test

Avg.

Subset

in

in

Participant

Apparatus

Thickness

Density

Temperatures

Dev.

CD

t/> ^ CM

U U 4- P

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90
smaller than for subset 6.5, the spread of data for each specimen is about

0.5%. From this we conclude that for laboratory 17 the intralaboratory variability is as high as 1.9% for a thickness of 8.9 cm and about 0.5% for 2.54

cm. The intralaboratory variability for the other laboratories can not be

assessed since repeat measurements were not required. The combined effect of

intralaboratory variability and unquantified specimen characteristics can be

estimated from measurements on a group of specimens by the same laboratory.

Again we refer to subsets 6/5 and 7/5. For both of these subsets the spread

of values for all specimens is about the same as the spread for each specimen

separately. Thus the variability caused by unquantified specimen characteristics appears to be a small portion of the total. Subsets 5/2, 5/3 and 8/9

through 8/13 are also valid for assessing the above combined effects. The 2s

values for these subsets range from 1.01 to 3.52%. The two highest values

(2.22 and 3.52%) are based on test results that were considered somewhat sus- pect (due to apparatus difficulties) by the laboratory reporting the results.

If these two subsets are ignored the remaining range of 2s values is 1.01 to

1.76%. It is concluded that the combined variability is in the range of 1 to

2%. Consequently i nterl aboratory comparisons below this 1 to 2% range are not

meaningful, i.e., differences below this range are not statistically significant.

9.2 Round Robin I

The objective of RR I was to evaluate the testing community's measurement

capabilities for building insulation at thicknesses above which reference

standards were available. Reference standards at that time were available

only at 2.54 cm thickness. To assess the measurement capability at 2.54 cm thickness we examined data from all of the round robins. The principal subsets at 2.54 cm thickness are 5/2, 7/3, and 8/2. The 2s value for these subsets include a range of density from 10 to 34 kg/m3

. The measurement capability at 8.9 cm thickness is represented by the 2s value of 2.92% from subset

6/4. The range of 2s values of the subsets in RR I is 1.92 to 3.55%. Thus,

it is concluded that the measurement capability is degraded by about 1% at 8.9

cm thickness as compared to measurement at 2.54 cm thickness. It is noted

that the density range for RR I is only 12 to 14 kg/m 3

.

9.3 Round Robin II

The objective of RR II was to evaluate the testing community's ability to measure building insulations of sufficiently low density where the effect of

variability in plate emittance may be significant. This effect would be ex- hibited by an increase in indicated variability as density decreases. RR II included specimen densities from 10 to 33 kg/m3

. Although 2s values were not

computed for the four nominal densities involved, it is clear from Figure 7.5

that the spread is not a significant function of density. Subsets 8/6, 8/7,

and 8/8 from RR III (2s values of 2.43, 2.14, and 2.70 for densities of 11,

15, and 19 kg/m3

, respectively) also confirm this conclusion. RR II, performed nearly entirely at specimen thicknesses of 2.54 cm, exhibited the

lowest 2s value, 1.65% overall.

9.4 Round Robin III

The objective of RR III was threefold a) to provide information on the

testing community's ability to measure at thicknesses of at least 10.2 cm, b)

91
to provide helpful information on the evaluation of the new NBS line-source

GHP, and c) to establish data on the thickness effect of a low-density insulation. The entire data set from RR III resulted in a 2s value of 2.54% (subset

8/1). This is only about 1% greater than the 2S value for measurement at 2.54

cm. The range of 2s values at thicknesses from 2.54 to 10.2 cm is 1.87 to

2.94%. An increase of about 1% from 2.54 to 10.2 cm is in agreement with the

result observed in RR I (subsets 8/2 to 8/5). The 2s values for the five

laboratories ranged from 1.01 to 3.52% (subsets 8/9 to 8/13).

Figure 8.3 shows that the NBS line-source GHP produces test results near

the lower end of the range of the five laboratories participating in RR III.

In addition, Figure 8.4 reveals that the NBS line-source GHP yields a thickness effect near the lower end of the range for the five laboratories. The

model described in section 5 is based on the NBS test results. Therefore, the

model also yields a thickness effect below that of the average of the participating laboratories. The average thickness effect (change in k from 2.54 cm

to 10.2 cm) as indicated by all of the data is about 1% greaterthan the model

prediction for each of the three nominal densities of RR III.

The thickness effect from 2.54 cm to 10.2 cm as indicated by the RR III

data is the sum of that given by the model (see figures 5.17 and 5.20) and the

average residual systematic trend exhibited by figures 8.9, 8.10, and 8.11.

At a temperature of 300 K, density of 10 kg/m3

, fiber diameter of 5.0 pm, and

a plate emittance of 0.9, the indicated thickness effect from 2.54 to 10.2 cm

is about 3.3%. Values for other test conditions can, of course, be calculated

from the model

.

9.5 General Summary

The results of these round robins reveal that, within the range of these

test conditions and for this group of participating laboratories, the commonly

accepted view that apparent thermal conductivity can be measured to within

± 2% is approximately correct. The results also reveal exceptions to this

rule as exhibited by the data of laboratory 19 in RR II and to a lesser extent

by the data of laboratory 18 and 22 in RR III. The variability of these test

results establish lower limits to the precision and bias of the insulation

community's measurement capability. These lower limits may be especially

significant for the enforcement of energy conservation regulations. These

test results will also be valuable as a basis for the precision and bias statements required for ASTM test methods C177 and C518.

The results show that the variability from GHP's and HFM's are comparable

and that the size of the plates (within the limits established by the test

methods) over the range of this study was not an important factor in the re- sults. The test results also indicate that only moderate degradation in testing

capability occurs with increased thickness.

It should be noted that the participants in these round robins have generally exhibited good measurement practices using proven apparatus. The results

of this study can not be extended to include all other laboratories in the

industry. This can only be done on the basis of similar programs involving a large number of participants.

92
In addition, a relatively simple model was developed that represented the

dependencies of test results from the three round robins to within approximately the imprecision of the whole set of data. The model yields apparent

thermal conductivity values as a function of temperature (256 to 332 K),

density (10 to 34 kg/m3 ), thickness (2.54 to 10.2 cm), fiber diameter and

plate emittance. This has been a valuable analytical tool for intercomparison

of data and may prove useful for future comparisons.

93
10. RECOMMENDATIONS

As measurement capabilities expand and improve, further round robins will

be required to assess the reliability of new apparatus and measurements. The

existence of NVLAP and NBS reference materials will aid this self-assessment

process.

The present round robin results indicate that the observed variability is

caused mainly by apparatus imprecision and bias. The variability caused by

unquantified specimen characteristics appears to be a small portion of the

total variability. Thus the main emphasis in reducing test result variability

should be directed toward apparatus improvements. It is important to recognize that the variability resulting from unknown specimen characteristics in

this case was small due largely to the excellent specimen selection and characterization procedures used. As measurement capabilities improve, specimen

selection and characteri zation procedures will become even more crucial, especially for the development of a model which provides a useful tool for data

i ntercompari sons.

A knowledge of certain apparatus characteri sties will be helpful to determine and reduce the sources of apparatus variability. For example, measured

values for plate emittance may be helpful for low-density insulation specimens.

An error analysis for each apparatus, such as that given by Powell and Rennex

[16] and Smith, Hust and Van Pollen [17] would aid the analyst. Measurements

showing the dependencies of test results on gap and edge temperature unbalances are very informative to both the participant and the analyst. A knowledge of the magnitude of plate temperature non-uniformity and plate temperature drift will assist in establishing some of the apparatus variability. For

HFM apparatus the required use of the same reference material for calibration

prior to round robin testing would reduce test result variability. Judiciously chosen repeat measurements on the same specimens by each participant

would help establish i ntral aboratory variability.

The effect of unquantified specimen variability is always an important

issue to the success of a round robin. For insulations, the main source of

unquantified specimen variability is believed to be related to variation in

the structure of the matrix (such as fiber diameter distribution, fiber orientation, binder content, shot content, and density distribution). Current

technology frequently requires the destruction of the specimen to accurately

determine these parameters. The development of alternate means to characterize the effect of those parameters are recommended, e.g., the light transmission technique described by Pelanne [15].

Within the current measurement capabilities the effect of thickness from

2.54 cm to 10.2 cm has been established for the glass fiber insulation used in

RR III. Further work needs to be done at greater thicknesses and for other

products since the effect of thickness is expected to vary significantly with

the optical characteristics of the product.

Although some round robin activities are nearing completion for higher

temperatures, further studies will be needed to assess and improve the measurement capabilities at temperatures above 297 K (75°F). Because radiative heat

transmission increases approximately as the third power of the mean temperature, a knowledge of the scattering and absorption properties of the specimens

and the plate emittance will take on increased significance.

94
11. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors, in behalf of the thermal measurement community, wish to

express their thanks to each of the participants involved in these round ro- bins. Without their interest, concern and diligence, the information presented here could not have been available for the benefit of all. The authors

also wish to express their appreciation for the co-sponsorship of these round

robins by ASTM C-16.30 Subcommittee on Thermal Measurements and the Mineral

Insulation Manufacturers Association. Appreciation is expressed to the members of the community who provided the materials for these measurements, OwensCorning Fiberglas Corporation, Manville Corporation, the National Bureau of

Standards, and the National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program. The

financial assistance of the Department of Energy, Oak Ridge National Laboratory in providing for the completion of this project is gratefully acknowledged.

95
12. REFERENCES

[1] ASTM C177, "Standard Test Method For Steady-State Thermal

Transmission Properties by Means of the Guarded Hot Plate" ASTM Book

of Standards, Section 4, Volume 04.06 (1984).

[2] ASTM C518, "Standard Test Method for Steady-State Thermal

Transmission Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter" ASTM Book of

Standards, Section 4, Volume 04.06 (1984).

[3] C.M. Pelanne, "Thermal Insulation Heat Flow Measurements:

Requirements for Implementation" ASHRAE Journal, March 1979 pp 51-58.

[4] C.M. Pelanne, "ASTM and the Technical Community's Response to

Conceptual Changes in Thermal Insulation Measurements" ASTM

Standardization News, December 1982, pp 19-22.

[5] H.E. Robinson & T.W. Watson, "Interlaboratory Comparison of Thermal

Conductivity Determinations with Guarded Hot Plates" ASTM Special

Technical Publication #119, (STP 119), Philadelphia, PA 1951.

[6] I.I.R, "International Comparative Measurements of Thermal

Conductivity" Thermal Insulating Measurements , (Essai s D'Insolants

Thermiques), Commission II of the International Institute of

Refrigeration, Report by the Chairman of the Committee, Carl F. Kayan,

1968.

[7] I.S.O. "International Thermal Conductance Round Robin" Frank J. Powell, Convener, Working Group 6, Round-Robin Tests Subcommittee 1,

ISO 163, Thermal Insulation. Round Robin in progress, almost

completed in 1984.

[8] ASTM C16.30 "Round Robin for Guarded and Calibrated Hot Boxes" E.L.

Bales Chairman, Task Force 4.3, Hot Box RR Section 4 - Test Methods

for Building Systems, ASTM C-16.30 Round Robin to be reported in March

1985.

[9] C.M. Pelanne, "The Development of Low-Density Glass-Fiber Insulation

as Thermal Transmission Reference Standards" Thermal Conductivity 17,

J.G. Hust, Editor, Plenum 1983, pp 763-776.

[10] B. Rennex, "Low-Density Thermal Insulation Calibrated Transfer

Samples- -A Description and a Discussion of the Material Variability"

NBSIR 82-2538, NBS , Gaithersburg, MD June 1982.

[11] D.R. Smith, J.G. Hust & L.J. Van Poolen, "Effective Thermal

Conductivity of a glass Fiberblanket Standard Reference Material"

NGSIR 81-1640, NBS, Boulder, CO, February 1981.

[12] M.C.I. Siu, "Fibrous Glass Board as a Standard Reference Material for

Thermal Resistance Measurement Systems" (SRM-1450), "Thermal

Insulation Performance," ASTM STP 718, American Society for Testing

and Materials, Philadelphia, (1980), pp 343-360.

[13] D.R. Smith & J.G. Hust, "Effective Thermal Conductivity of a Glass

Fiberboard Standard Reference Material" (SRM-1450), NBSIR 81-1639,

NBS, Boulder CO, February 1981.

96
[14] C.M. Pelanne, "Discussion on Experiments to Separate the "Effect of

Thickness" from Systematic Equipment Errors in Thermal Transmission

Measurements", "Thermal Insulation Performance," ASTM STP 718,

American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, (1980), pp

322-334.

[15] CM. Pelanne, "Light Transmission Measurements Through Glass Fiber

Insulations", "Thermal Transmission Measurements of Insulations," ASTM

STP 660, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia,

(1978), pp 263-280.

[16] F.J. Powell and B.G. Rennex, "The NBS Line-Heat-Source Guarded Hot

Plate for Thick Materials", Proceedings of the ASHRAE/DOE Conference,

Thermal Performance of the Exterior Envelopes of Buildings II, ASHRAE

SP38 , ASHRAE, Atlanta, GA, 1983, pp. 657-672.

[17] D.R. Smith, J.G. Hust, and L.J. Van Poolen, "A Guarded-Hot-Plate

Apparatus for Measuring Effective Thermal Conductivity of Insulations

Between 80 and 360 K," NBSIR 81-1657, NBS, Boulder, CO, December 1981.

[18] M. Albers, Manville Research and Development Center, Denver, Colorado

(Private Communication).

[19] M.B. Lacher, Owens-Corni ng Fiberglas Corp. , Granville, Ohio.

[20] S.H. Cady, Mineral Insulation Manufacturers Association, Summit, New

Jersey.

97

13. APPENDIX*

Figure 13.1 shows a description of the samples for the round robins.

Fig. 13.2 shows the standardized reference values for the RR II samples (as

prepared for participants).

Table 13.1 lists the participants and reviewers for this round robin

study.

To conveniently tabulate the extensive information for these round robin

studies a coding scheme was necessary. The coding methodology for the tables

is given in Table 13.2.

Table 13.3 shows the data form used for reporting the round robin test

results.

Tables 13.4 through 13.6 lists the measured weights and calculated

densities for each cut size of the specimens for round robin I, II and III,

respecti vely.

Tables 13.5.1 through 13.8.3 list the data from each of the round robins

in the units originally reported.

*The data reported in the tables and figures of the appendix are in units

customary to the insulation industry and as reported by the participants ot these round robins. It is noted that these units are not consistent with

normal NBS usage.

A1
DESCRIPTION OF SAMPLES FOR ROUND ROBIN

R R No. 1 - Samples 15 x 48 x 3.5-in. Test Design as run by J-M for Illustration

Limits of Apparatus.

36" Heat Flow Meter

k8‘ 36

"

£ lo"- *-£ 10

Test Sample

Test Area

Please Report Similar

Details

-NOTEIf filler material is required a blanket of about the same density

will be satisfactory.

If sample must be cut conform to apparatus

please do so with care. Maintain integrity of center section.

Matched Filler

Blankets

36

"

R R No. 2 - Samples 24 x 2A x 1-in.

Ik

Center test area

6” x 6"

12" x 12" Center

Separated for Small equipment

-NOTEThe total sample is 24 x

24 inch with a center

12 x 12-in. section separ- ated for testing in small

equipment. If the sample must be cut further please

do it so as to maintain

the sample integrity. If needed, consult with

C. M. Pelanne.

Figure 13.1 Description of Samples for Round Robin.

A2
STANDARDIZED

REFERENCE

VALUES

FOR

ROUND

ROBIN

SAMPLES

>|uj / M

in

d-o

o

o

a ° o o Ef gf

.»..£» a?

«

* *» »

“ O

+ + • .01

/

00

u>

o

a.

V> z

<M

AllAllOnQNOO IVWyBHl 1 N 3 B Vdd V

A3

Figure

13.2

Standardized

Reference

Values

for

the

Round

Robin

II

Samples.
Table 13.1 ASTM 016. 30/MIMA Round Robins.

Participants and Reviewers

Dr. Mark Bomberg

National Research Council

Division of Building Research

Ottawa, Ont. Canada K1A 0R6

Mr. Sheldon H. Cady

Mineral Insulation Mfgrs. Assn.

382 Springfield Avenue, Suite 312

Summit, NJ 07901

Mr. Andre 0. Desjarlais

Mr. R.P. Tye

Dynatech R/D Company

99 Erie Street

Cambridge, MA 02139

Mr. William M. Edmunds

Mr. M. Lacher

Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation

Technical Center

P.O. Box 415

Granville, OH 43023

Mr. Stanley L. Matthews

Mr. Jesse L. Bridwell

Rockwool Industries Inc.

P.O. Box 5170

Denver, CO 80217

Dr. David J. McCaa

Mr. Joseph F. Kimpflen

Certain-Teed Corporation

1400 Union Meeting Road

Blue Bell , PA 19422

Dr. David L. McElroy

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

P.O. Box X Oak Ridge, TN 37830

Dr. Gerry R. Miller

Jim Walter Research Corp.

10301 9th Street North

St. Petersburg, FL 33702

Dr. Benjamin Mosier, Pres.

Institute for Research, Inc.

8330 Westglen Drive

Houston, TX 77063

Mr. Frank J. Powel

1

Dr. Brian Rennex

National Bureau of Standards

USG Commerce

Gaithersburg, MD 20899

Mr. Charles Pelanne

Mr. Richard Troyer

Manville Service Corporation

Research and Development Center

P.O. Box 5108

Denver, CO 80217

A4
Table 13.2 ASTM C-16. 30/MIMA Round Robins.

Coding Methodology

Table

Column Identification

1

2-3

4-7

8-12

13-15

16-20

Round robin phase: I, II, III or NBS: (1,2, 3, 4)

Participant: 11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22

Date: Month/Year

Equipment: digit 8 - G=GHP, H=HFM

" 9&10 - Overall size (inches)

11&12 - Test Area Size (inches)

Testing code:

Col. 13 testing combination id. as follows;

1 = specimen tested as one 2=1 pair of specimens, specimens, average value

3 = stacked pair w/o septum

4 = " " w/septum 5=1 pair of specimens, average, RR III 6=2 pairs of speciment, average, RR III 7=3 pairs of specimens, average, RR III 8=4 pairs of specimens, average, RR III

Cols. 14 & 15 density identification coded as follows

Phase I; 08

Phase II; 05, 10, 15, 20

Phase III; 07, 09, 12

NBS Refer; 06, 11, 16, 21

Specimen identification number: specimen number (X),

Phase I; (8)=1, (9)=3, (10)=2, (11)=4

as pairs; (8+9)=l (10+11)=2

Phase II; set 05: (04)=1, (09)=5

(18)=2, (24)=6

(49)=3 , (50)=7

(14)=4 , (15)=8

set 10:

set 15:

set 20:

Phase III; set 07;

level 1;

" 2 ; " 3;

" 4 ; set 09;

level 1;

" 2 ; " 3;

" 4 ; set 12;

level 1;

" 2 ; " 3;

" 4;

note; when tested as pairs 1 =

(81247)=1 , (50138)=5

(82278)=2 , (50975)=6

(50134)=3 , (50533)=7

(81257)=4, (61663)=8

(80831)=1 , (81065)=5

(80914)=2 (80738)=6

(80762)=3 (80874)=7

(85855)=4 , (85545)=8

(11931)=1 , (11761)=5

(11141)=2 , (11911)=6

(12115)=3 , (10155)=7

(10615)=4 , (11575)=8

1 & 5, 2 = 2 & 6

A5
Series

0500

1000

1500

2000

21-25

26-30

31-35

36-40

41-45

46-51

52-57

Phase II (NBS)

;

Specimen Identification Code.

Density Pair 1

06 10 =(1) +17 =(3)

11 11 =(1) +10 =(3)

16 13 =(1) +52 =(3)

21 35 =(1) +37 =(3)

Test thickness in inches

Pair 2

32 =( 2 ) +36 =(4)

33 =(2) +35 =(4)

54 =(2) +62 =(4)

06 =(2) +09 =(4)

Test area density in lb/ft3 Hot face temperature in °F

Cold face temperature in °F

Mean temperature in °F

Apparent thermal conductivity in Btu* i n/h* ft2 *°F

Footnotes as required

A6
TABLE 13.3 Typical Data Form used for Reporting Test Results.

NMWIA - Round Robin - Mean Temperature - 75°F

Appliance Insulation Test Results

Laboratory Name:

Date of Tests:

Apparatus Description:

Operator: Reporter:

TEST RESULTS

Nominal Density, pcf 0.7 1.0

Sample Identification

Number

Density, pcf

Measurement Area:

0500-4 0500-9 1000-18 1000-24

Thickness, inch:

Hot Surface °F

Cold Surface °F

Mean Temperature °F

Apparent Thermal

Conductivity

1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

COMMENTS:

A7
TABLE 13.4 Specimen Sizes, Weights, and Densities for Round Robin I.

Specimen Sizes (in) 15.25x24.0 16x16* 12x12 10x10

Specimen 8(1)

Weight (g)

Density (lb/ft3

) 261.47

0.778

189.53

0.806

108.70

0.822

74.08

0.806

Specimen 9(3)

Weight (g)

Density (lb/ft3

) 283.24

0.842

195.68

0.832

116.48

0.880

83.47

0.909

Specimen 10(2)

Weight (g)

Density (lb/ft3

) 244.54

0.727

181.19

0.770

103.44

0.782

71.20

0.775

Specimen 11(4)

Weight (g)

Density (lb/ft3

) 259.68

0.772

184.21

0.783

109.30

0.826

78.99

0.860

^Adjusted from 15.25x16 measurement

A8
TABLE 13.5 Specimen Sizes, Weights, and Densities for Round Robin II.

Specimen Si zes (in) 24x24 18x18 12x12 10x10 8x8 6x6 4x4

Set 05

Specimen 04(1)

Weight 99.52 57.20 25.50 17.98 11.44 6.25 2.85

Densi ty

Specimen 09(5)

0.658 0.673 0.675 0.685 0.681 0.661 0.697

Wei ght 103.47 58.07 25.13 17.54 11.17 6.35 2.82

Densi ty 0.684 0.683 0.665 0.668 0.665 0.672 0.671

Set 10

Specimen 18(2)

Wei ght 158.03 88.80 39.10 27.28 18.12 10.38 4.78

Density

Specimen 24(6)

1.045 1.044 1.037 1.039 1.079 1.098 1.138

Weight 163.20 90.00 39.77 28.07 18.22 10.53 4.53

Density 1.079 1.058 1.052 1.069 1.085 1.114 1.079

Set 15

Specimen 49(3)

Wei ght* 283.14 137.24 59.98 42.10 27.36 15.28 7.08

Densi ty** 1.575 1.614 1.587 1.604 1.629 1.617 1.686

Specimen 50(7)

Weight 240.96 135.58 59.85 41.80 26.79 14.50 6.82

Density 1.594 1.594 1.583 1.592 1.595 1.534 1.624

Set 20

Specimen 14(4)

Weight 313.32 173.72 77.12 53.93 35. 19 19.18 8.77

Density

Specimen 15(8)

2.072 2.043 2.040 2.054 2.095 2.095 2.088

Wei ght 314.65 174.65 76.82 53.27 33.50 19.12 8.68

Density 2.081 2.054 2.032 2.029 1.994 2.023 2.067

^Weight in grams

**Density in lb/ft3

A9
TABLE 13.6 Specimen Sizes, Weights, and Densities for Round Robin III.

Specimen

Si zes(in)i 24x24 24x24 18x18 18x18 16x16 16x16 12x12 12x12 16 DIA

weight density weight density weight density weight density density

Set

81247(1)

50138(5)

07

105.2

103.4

0.729

0.715

61.50

61.48

0.723

0.723

49.33

49.25

0.734

0.732

27.98

27.93

0.740

0.739

0.737

0.735

82278(2)

50975(6)

103.7

102.7

0.719

0.716

60.23

59.81

0.708

0.703

48.05

46.61

0.714

0.693

27.27

25.10

0.721

0.664

0.718

0.678

50134(3)

50533(7)

101.4

101.1

0.699

0.707

61.16

59.97

0.719

0.705

48.89

47.55

0.727

0.707

27.97

26.55

0.740

0.702

0.733

0.705

81257(4)

61663(8)

102.7

102.3

0.712

0.710

60.15

59.35

0.707

0.697

47.87

46.28

0.712

0.688

26.94

25.27

0.712

0.668

0.712

0.678

Set

80831(1)

81065(5)

09

147.96

148.10

0.978

0.979

83.90

82.70

0.986

0.972

66.70

65.08

0.992

0.968

36.87

35.37

0.975

0.935

0.984

0.952

80914(2)

80738(6)

149.36

148.13

0.987

0.979

83.90

83.25

0.986

0.979

66.27

66.72

0.986

0.992

36.96

37.06

0.977

0.980

0.982

0.986

80762(3)

80874(7)

148.79

148.00

0.983

0.978

83.13

83.52

0.977

0.982

65.75

66.50

0.978

0.989

36.68

38.11

0.970

1.008

0.974

0.998

85855(4)

85545(8)

145.76

148.58

0.963

0.982

83.18

80.83

0.978

0.950

65.45

64.10

0.973

0.953

36.63

35.25

0.969

0.932

0.971

0.943

Set

11931(1)

11761(5)

12

180.56

181.73

1.193

1.201

103.05

103.00

1.211

1.211

81.90

81.03

1.218

1.205

45.17

45.45

1.195

1.202

1.206

1.204

11141(2)

11911(6)

175.54

177.14

1.160

1.170

99.56

100.00

1.170

1.176

78.60

79.39

1.169

1.181

42.81

44.83

1.132

1.186

1.151

1.183

12115(3)

10115(7)

191.95

182.00

1.268

1.203

113.0

102.72

1.269

1.207

89.5

81.45

1.296

1.211

50.3

46.20

1.297

1.222

1.296

1.217

10615(4)

11575(8)

173.22

177.10

1.144

1.170

100.41

101.00

1.180

1.188

79.98

81.10

1.190

1.206

44.78

45.55

1.184

1.205

1.187

1.206

A10
Table

13.5.1

ASTM

C-16.

30/MIMA

Round

Robins.

National

Bureau

of

Standards

Test

Results.

Reference

Base

for

Calibrated

Specimens

used

for

Round

Robin

II.

O h- o o

Q.Q.Q.Q.Q.Q.Q.Q.Q.Q.Q.Q.

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cj f—

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r^onr^ononcoooonooononoo

rHonoonananrHanoananan

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l—* *—

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Table

13.5.2

ASTM

C-16.

30/MIMA

Round

Robins.

National

Bureau

of

Standards

Data

for

Round

Robin

III. O h-O cocotocoLOiocoioiotOLOcococoiOLOcncotocococoLO

oooor^r»r^r^cDcDocDOO'>ooor^r^r'^oir>cD

co roroooroc^c\jc\jc\jc\jcsjcsjcsjroc\jmmroc\jCMC\jc\ic\jCNj 000000000000 0* <300000 0000

Z CL. < z OrHOOOrHOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

immriLni/uni^«t»tLnirHtif)inLnLninininLn^inin

r^- i— r-* r^- i— i— r— f^- i— i—. i

O Cl. OrHOOr—*!—0'iO'tOOOOO'iOOOOOOOOOOQ —* z: OLU OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO Oh— lD lD lD lO lD lO lO lT> *3* lO lO lT) lD lO lO lO lO lD lD lD

t— Q_ O 2

OrHOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO ddodddddddddddoddddddod ooooooooooooooooooooooo

• co cDr^aocMaocDO^LncDocDcoomcMCM^cDr^r^r^co

CO P fOHHH^fs'rs'f^OCOHO(JiH(JiHHCOCOincOLnjl Z 4- Nfvf>sfx(Jii^(7lOTC\JHMC\MDr^^r^NOT(J«(^HCsJH

UJ \ Q -Q OOOOOOOOrHrHi—IrHOOOOOOOOr-irHrH

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rH<VJC0^rHC\lcO^rHCSJfO^-r-irHr-l^-^rHr-lr-Jr-lf-4r-i

Hojro^HC\iro«tHC\jro«tc\jro<t<t^c\jro<t^ro^

rH CM CO f—I CM CO rH CSJ ro CO CO

rH CM H CM rHCM CM CM

r^r^r^r^oooocMCMCMCMr^r^r^r^r^ooocMCMCM OOOOOOOOrHrH^rHOOOOOOOOrHrHrH lO CD 00 lO CD T''- 00 cT) LD r^> OO lO lO lD CO CO cD lD lO lO lD lD

LO LO CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD HHHHrlHrlHHHHHHHHHHHrlHHHH OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

U0CjC)(jC3000(jUCJ0D0(j0(j0(j000

CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM ooaocococoaooocooococococococooococoooooooaoco

ooaoooooaoooaoooaooocoooaooooooooooooooooocooo ooooooooooooooooooooooo

cocococococococococococococooococococororococo

</> S- -r-

<T3 CO r- 03 3 -Q

(J

s- c

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03

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A12
Table

13.6.1

ASTM

C-16.

30/MIMA

Round

Robins.

Data

from

the

915-406

mi

and

915-305

mm

Heat

Flow

Meter

Apparatus

for

Round

Robin

I LO O h-O

i/» i/l i/l i/l

raP

CQ

noOOcOCM^O'OOr^COOOcOCD^-inOOcO

CT'aocna'a'aoo'O'ooooooooooa'a'O'

C\J CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM C\| oooooooooooooooo

2 a. o o o O 00 00 oo cr> no O' O' no O' CM o CM

21 LU LU in m m in in in in in in «s- «3

- in in m m

z h— r*.

o Q_ o o o o CM CM no no CM O CO 00 oo cm o CM

_lO LU m cn in m o o o o in IT) <3* in m in O h- cn m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m

Q_ o o o o no no cm <3

- no oo cm 00 o CM o rH o x X LU m cn m m rH rH rH rH in *3* in m m m m m

F— <j> O' O' co O O O o O'* o*i cn or O' O' O' O'

rH rH rH rH

ro CO CM O no CM O CM CO CM CM O o o CM CM CD

CO P o COr^OOCMQOOOCMCMCMOOCOOOOOCOCM 2 P ao co co ao 00 00 00 00 ao co n ^ CO UJo -Q d O o O O O O o o d d o o o o ©

C_) C o O o o o o o o o o o o o o o o t—

(

•r- m m in m m m in in m in in m in in m in X1— CO CO no no no no no no no no no no no no no no

CJ . LU o Q- 2 CO rHCOCM^rHCOCM^ no no no cm cm

h- Q CO 2 LU O

h- C_>

ID Q- O'P

<O S

CQ -I <C O

00 00 00 00 00 00 oo 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 o o o o o o o o o o o O O o O o rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH

CO CO CD CD CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM

rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH LU

CO co CD CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO 0

no no no CO no no no no no no no no no no no no • X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X E IN

ra P

S- P

o> • co CO CO CO P>- CD CO co CO CO CO CO CO O -C r^ P^ r^. r** r^ p^ r^ 5- \ O' O' O' O' co co co co O' O' o o o o o o Q. C o o o o o o o o o o rH rH rH rH rH rH •rCNJCSJMCSJ^LO^LOI^NNNNNf^fN

O 3P

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CO =

A13
Table

13.6.2

ASTM

016.

30/MIMA

Round

Robins.

Data

from

610-254

mm

Heat

Flow

Meter

Apparatus

for

Round

Robin

I.

l/> CD

U U L) U

T30) TJ

<T3D

4-) GO rOrO^O^OrO^OH^^NkDCOHCNjLDHHnN cncoocriocoocooocor^aop'-cocoa'icoocoaiao

CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ C\J CNJ CNJ CNI CNJ CSJ CNI C\J CNI CNJ CNJ CNJ C\J CNJ CsJ CNJ CNJ oooooooooooooooooooooo

HaicoaifOTtiDkDr^LDLnaDMCOrvNr^rNrN^coai

o^iDLn^^Lor^LD<^mLn»3-u-)cncoo'>coc\jcNjLnt£>

r-tOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOrHrHrHrH Lnin^LnLni^ininimfi^in^irxt^^^LniniDLn

cMroHcsic\j^^m(TttDLnHcnHir)inif)LnHOHCM

o s

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oo p oor^ooor^*ooinoof^ooof"-ooor^o zm- aoor^aocoor'.ooaor^aoor^ooooor^ooaoor^oo

UJ \ O -Q oooooooooooooooooooooo

rococococococococococococococococococococooo

Hrn(\J«tHnCNJ^HCSJHfOC\J<tHrOCSJ<tHPOC\J^

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Q-M oooooooooooooooooooooo LLl rH i—I rH i—4 r~4 i—4 rH f—4 i—4 r—I i—4 r-I r—I r—4 rH i—4 r—4 r-4 rH t—I r—4 r—4 O' >- C\J C\J C\J C\J C\1 C\) CNJ CSJ CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ C\| CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ CsJ C\J CNJ CNJ LUI— IXIIIIIIIIXXIXIIIXXIXX

lu>- oooooooooooocooor^r^oooor^r^f^r^r^r^f^r^

i— i— i— i— r— i— r^-i— — »— r^-r— i— r^- r

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A14
Table

13.6.3

ASTM

016.

30/MIMA

Round

Rboins.

Data

from

the

Guarded

Hot

Plate

Apparatus

for

Round

Robin

o —

o

CD

MOOHtDfOOOlDLn

oooooooo<n<7>oooo

CSJ CSJ C\J CSJ CSJ CSJ CSJ CSJ oooooooo

Z CL c z

OIOIOOOSNCVJH

(— i— r^-

OOOaO^CSJOCSJ

h- Q. o z: <na>oooa>Hfoai

^^LTMtLDCOOai

<r> &> o or cji <r> o o

• CO

l/> 4-> z *4- LU \ O _Q LnOLOOLDOiDO

aoaoaococooocooo

o c oooooooo iDi^L^LniDiDLOLn

roromromromm

03

4-> <0 “a

LU O rH CSJ rH CSJ rH CSJ rH CSJ QJ CL Z in LO o

£

+-> H* a CO z 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 c

LU o O o o O O o O o a> — o CSJ CSJ CSJ CSJ CSJ CSJ CSI CSJ <u*

4-> CL CSJ CSJ CSJ CSJ CSJ CSI CSJ CSJ <D

1—4 LU rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH JO u. o CL 00 00 0 O' >- CSJ CSJ rH rH CSJ CSJ CSJ CSJ 4-> • LU 1— CD o cd cd CD CD CD CD r—

• r— 4-> 3 <4- JO • LU >- r^» r*. r^ P^ o*> o ai x: 1— r- s. \ < 00 00 00 00 c a s o o o o o o 4-> c • 0) 3 E 4-> CQ CL CQ

<. o m m in m oo 00 00 00 • r— z rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH 3 ii cr LU 3

QC o 4-> QC z M *—

(-4 M HH h—

t—

t

CQ

A15
Table

13.6.4

ASTM

016.

30/MIMA

Round

Robins.

Data

from

Lab

17

over

the

Time

Period

from

1976

to

1980

for

Round

Robin

I.

I lO O h- o o

z a- < Z

O LU

I—

h- CL. O 21

• ro CO +> O -Q

O • LU O Q- Z co

h- O CO Z LU O h- C_>

Q-M LU

ZD Q- cr>-

LU |—

LU >-

<Cq 2:

CO 00 CO CD <3

- LT> 00 cO 00 «7 CO CO CO lD CM p*- p* lD lD cr> rH 00 7! o r1

*3

“ <3- 00 00 00 00 00 7! 71 O'! 00 00 <J! 00 <n 00 t> <7! <J! O'! 00 ao 7> O ao 00 <7! 00 <7! 00

CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CNJ CM CO CM CM CM CM CM CM O O O O O O O O O O O O o o o o o o O o o o o O O O O O

CO O'! <7> CO <7> CM o CM o o o o o O tH o <7! 00 o o o 7! o o o o o rH

LD <7 lD <7 LD m LO m LD LO lD lD LD lD LO <7 LO LO lD «7 lO lO LO LO lO LO

P* p^ P^ p* p* <7 p> p* p^

CM O CO 00 00 CM O CM O o o o CO rH CM 7! rH o CM rH CM rH CM rH O O O o

LO LO <7 <7 <7 lO lO lO LO LO LO lO lO LO LO *7 O o o O O O O O O o o o LO LO lO lO LO LO lO lO LO LO lO LO LO lO LO LO LO LO LO lO LO LO LO lO LO lO LO LO

CO 00 CM 00 o CM O rH O O o o p* 00 7! rH CO CO 00 00 P^ p^ oo oo 7> 7! O rH

LO *7 LO LO LO LO lO LO lO lO LO lO <7 *7 <7 LO 7! 7! 7! 7! 7! 7i 7! T> T> 7! O O 7! 7! 7! 7! 7! 7! 7! 7! 7! 7! 71 7! 7! CT> T> 7! 7! 7> 7! 7! 7! T> 7! 7> T> 7! O O rH rH

CM CM O O O CM CM CO CM O CM CO CM O CM CO CO CO 7! 7! lD ID o O CO 7! LD O

CM CM 00 00 00 00 CO CM CM 00 00 CM CM 00 00 CM O O O O P-. p- CO CO O O P^ CO

00 00 00 00 co p^ p^ 00 00 ao 00 00 00 p- 00 00 00 7! 7! p* oo oo oo 7> P- 00 O O O o o O o O O o o O O o o O o O O O o o o O O O O O

O O O o o o o o O O O o o O o o o O O o o o o o O O o o

LD lD lD LD lD lD lD lD lD LD in LD LD LD lD lD lD lD LD LD LD LD LD lD LD LD lD lO

CO CO CO co CO CO CO CO CO CO co CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO co CO CO co CO

rH rH CO CO CO CM CM *7 rH CO 2 4 rH CO CM *7 rH rH CO CO CM CM <7 <7 rH CO CM <7

00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 OO CO 00 00 CO 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 o O O O o o o O O O o O o o O O O o o o o O o o o o o o

rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH

CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM O O O O O O O O O O O O

rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH

LO LO LD LO LO LO LO LD LO LD LD LO LO LO LO LO <7 *7 *7 *7 *7 *7 «7 *7 <7 *7 *7 <7 CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM Z z z z Z Z z Z Z Z z z Z z z z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z

LO LO LD LO LO LO LO LO P" p^ p* 00 00 oo 00 00 00 00 00 00 ao 00 00 o o o o

P^ P- P^ P^ P* P^ P> P^ p^ p- p^ P^ p^ p» p^ P- p-* p* p^ p^ 00 oo CO oo

7! 7! O o O O O O CM CM CM CM rH rH rH rH CO CO CO CO CO co CO CO LO LO LO LD O O rH rH rH rH rH rH O o O o O O O O o o o o o o o O o o O O

P^ P- p* P>* p- p- P>* P^ p^ p- P^ P^ P^ P^ p". p^ p* p^ p^ p* P- P^

rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH

| , , , , , t , i—

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4

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l

M i—

i

t—i i—

0

PJ

A16

Btu"

=

Btu-in/h*ft

:
Table

13.7.1

ASTM

C-16.

30/MIMA

Round

Robins.

Data

from

Heat

Flow

Meter

Apparatus

for

Round

Robin

II. o —

o o Cl Cl Cl Cl

o

OD

4-> CO

c z

O LU o hh- Q- o z: x lu

• ro LO 4-> Q JO

C_> c

o . UJ o Q- Z 00

h- Q oo Z LU O H OJ

Q_

i—i LU

ZD Q- cy>-

UJ I—

LU >- <q z:

co *i <c o

oc o QC z|

Or OD ro O' ro OD OD cn <T> <T> OD oD rH <T> o*> P^ O' LO O OD <T> OD lo OD on LD OD OD OD 00 <T> CO ro o ro 00 O O OD OD O' O' ro ro o OD O' ro H o oD OD ro ro O O OD OD O' ro ro O o OD ro rH OD O' CO co ro CM CM CM CM CM CM ro CM CM CM ro ro CM CM CM CM CM CM ro ro CM CM CM CM CM CM ro ro CM CM CM ro CM CM CM O O O O O O o o o O O O O O O O O O O o O O o O O O o o O O O O o O o O O

<3- 00 o cn CM o rH CM o o o o OD OD o o rH rH rH CM o o o o o o o o <T> cn cn o o m <j> ID m

lT> o- LT5 o- lD on IT) LO in LD LD lO ro ro "S' O' O' <3* ln LD m in m in m in CM CM CM ro ro CM CM CM CM

r^. p^ p^ p«* p* p* p^ p* p* p^ p* p^ r^. p* p^ p^ p^ p^ p^

m p^ cn <x> rH cn rH CO o o o o o rH <T> cn p*. 00 00 00 o o o o o o o o in ro o- in o- ro 00 rH cn in o* o- o- n LO n n in in in rH rH O o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o n n n

in in in in in n in in in in in in n in in in in in in in in in in in in in in LO in in in in in in in in in

CM <n O 00 CM O o o o o O o CM rH O O *3- ro «3- in O O o O O O O O CO in <3- in OD o rH rH in O' in <3- in in in n n in in in OD OD p- p>» p* pv O o o O O O O O in n in in in cn O o O

<n cn <n cn cn <n <n cn <n cn <n <n <n <n <n cn cn cn cn <n O o o O O O O o or cn cn <n cn co <n <n <n

rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH

cn rH 00 cn 0D O' 00 p^ CO CM CM n in CO cn <n o* cm <3- cn rH CM 00 p* O" O CO in co cn cm cn <n 00 p*

p. p* co 00 CM 00 oD p* oo rH o- 00 OD ro 0D o cn in CM OD <n rH rH CO ro CM 00 0D ro <n CM p^ ro CM oD OD OD rH o 0D oD o o oo o OD o oD OD O o OD in o o OD 0D o rH 0D in O O OD 0D o in o OD rH OD o

o O rH rH rH rH CM CM o rH rH CM d O rH rH rH rH CM CM O O rH rH rH rH CM CM o o rH rH CM o rH rH CM

o O O o O O o o O o O O O O o o O o o o o o o O o o o O o O O O o o o O O

o O o o O O o o O o o o O O o o o o o o o o o O o o o O o o o o o o o o o

rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH tH rH rH rH H H H H H H H H H

rH in CM 0O CO P-* O' oo in OD P- 00 rH LO CM 0D CO O' 00 rH in CM OD CO P^ O' 00 H in CM P^ 00 H CM P- 00

rH CM CO <3-

in in O O in in O o in O in O in in O O in in o O in in O O in in O o in in O in o in O in O

O o rH rH rH rH CM CM o rH rH CM O o rH rH rH rH CM CM o o rH rH rH rH CM CM o o H H CM o H H CM

rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH CM CM CM CM rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH H H H rH H H H rH rH

O' o- O' O' 00 00 00 00 O O O O O O O O 0D OD 0D 0D OO OD OD 0D O O O O O O' O’ o- O' O O O O o O O O o O o o rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH O O O O O O O O rH H H H H o o o O

CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM 0D OD 0D oD O* <3- O' o- O" O" o- CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM O' O' o- o- O' CM CM CM CM

rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM rH rH rH rH rH pH rH rH CM CM CM CM CM pH H H rH X x X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

00 00 00 00 00 CD 00 CO p* p- 00 00 00 CD 00 oo oo 00 p^ P^ P^ p- P- p". p^ p^ p^ p^

p* p* p^ p^ p* p* p* r-v p^ p- p* p^ p^ p- r". p^ r^» p'. n- p^ p- p- p^ p- p^ p^ p^

CM o o o CM o CM o in in in in o* O' o- O' O' o* CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM co co co co co co CO CO co rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH o o o o o o o o o o o o o O O O o o o o o o o o o o o o o

rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH CM CM CM CM *3- o- O' o- O' O' O' O' P-. P^ P^ p^ p". p^ 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH H rH H rH H H pH rH rH rH

4—4 4—

1

4—4 M M ri4—4 1—4 4—4 i—

i

t-H —H _ 1—4 , , , , , , , , , , ( t 4—4 , ( , ,

. , , , , , HH M HH 4—4 —

t

1—

l

M 4-H t—

—4 4—1 t—i 4—

i

l-H t—

l

•—i 1—4 1—4 M •—

1—4 4—1 4—4 4—4 4—4 4—4 4—4 4—4 —4 4—4 4—4 4—4 4—4 4—4 4—4 4—4 •—4 Q. r

A17

i:

Specimens

tested

in

pairs.

Given

values

are

the

average.

Btu"

=

Btu*

in/h*

ft2

*°F
Table

13.7.2

ASTM

C-16.

30/MIMA

Round

Robins.

Data

from

Guarded

Hot

Plate

Apparatus

for

Round

Robin

II.

I OO O I— o o o^cncDCTCDQicncn

m+-> CO oiLn^inNco^LnMDHLnofooHLn^ O0^nOiD«tnOfnMDfOnrlrlOO COCMCMCMCOCMCMCMPOCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCM oooooooooooooooooo

Z CL. c z O'lOOrHCMrHOOCMOOOOOOOOO

^ lO lO lD lD in lO lO in in O O O O O O O O r^.r^r">r*-^'*r'-p''.r>'.r>»r''*LQLDLOLDLOLOLDLD

Q CL (JTCr>(T>CTli—Ir-irHrHrHOOOOOOOOO

o uj <3'«3*<tf-<3-ininininininoooooooo

h- CL o s

<T»r-HOmOsJOOOCnC\JOOOOOOOOO

^•unLnLnLnm^-^-LOLnoooooooo JiO^QIO^O^JiCJlJiOIOTOOCOQOCOCOOOOOOO

njco^iDo^iiiooniiiunooooinif) tDOr^CNHs«3-COrONrONP^COCO(T)OTroro LOrHinOlDOinOLOOLDCDOOininOO

LU \ Q JO OHHCMOHHCSJOCMOOHHHHMCVJ

OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO oooooooooooooooooo

-O

Q)E

3

to

If) 03 O

o

u

o . LU o CL z LO

LT> LD P^ 00 LD LO N H CM fO ^ H M fO

00 LO 00

rH <3- Lf) C\i tD CO f^* CO

-oc

f0

f— Q LO Z LU O h- c_>

O CL cx>-

LU >- f—<O 2l

CO . < O

oc d QC Z

c

. 0) LD o in o m o m o m o m in O O m in o o <u > O rH rH CM o i—

i

rH CM o CM o O rH rH rH rH CM CM TD -r- CM CSJ CM CM CM CM CSJ CM CM CM rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH •r- 03 >

O 03 LD LD LD LD CM CM CM CM CM CM S- 5- O o O O rH rH rH rH rH rH Q_ 3 Ll CM CM CM CM 00 00 00 00 <3

- 4-> 0

rH rH rH rH rH rH rH i—1 CM CM CD 03 • cd CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD M L <N •r OMJ

l/> Q.M- E • p^ r^. r*. 00 00 CO 00 00 oo 00 00 L0 0> JZ

r^» r^ r^. P*^ P^ 3 L\ CO 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 o o o o o o O O +-> C o o o o o o o o o o rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH m C-r

S- 03 • 03 0) 3

Q- E -P

CL 00 lO lO lD lD lD lT) lD lO lD lO O O'! CJT O'! (Xs 0"3 (JT <X> 03 >> O C Z O =3

HHI-HI—41—I H-* HH t—« L-tt—It—H —* I—« H-l H-l HH *—• t-H l-H +-> H-4 —« HH I—< t—4 l-H —4 H—4 HH 1—4 1—4 t—4 1—4 —4 4—4 4—4 4—4 4—4 .. . . QQ O -C =

A18
Table

13.7.3

ASTM

C-16.

30/MIMA

Round

Roubins.

Data

from

Lab

17

over

the

Time

Period

from

1974

to

1983

for

Round

Robin

II

(610-254

mm

plates)

I l/> o —

o o

e e e u u u uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu EEEEEEEEEEE33333333

os3

4-> CD

^fOLninpviDLf)Lnroc\jcvjcsjroroc\jcvjrvcooNLf)<tin»t OOOOiIUDa)^'3-'?'3-'TrOfOnnoOLD^ l7't^n

mmrorocMC\ic\ic\jcsiCMC\icNjcsjc\ic\icMroroc\ic\ic\jc\jc\jc\j

oooooooooooooooooooooooo

Z CL. < z OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO <4-3

lT) Li") if) lO if) if) if) lD if) if) lT) if) lT) if) lO lH if) if) if) if) lO if) if) lO C

r— i— f— i— i— r— r— r^- os

O I C-J i

h- Cl. O S

• ro OO +J Z

UJ \ O _Q

OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

oooooooooooooooooooooooo

oooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo

OOOOOOrOrOOUDOOOOLniDCSJCMCOOfOLDOOLnCM if>usi£>l00000i£>0if)if)00000if>00i£)if)00

OOOOHHHHHHHHCVJCMC^MOOHHHHCVJM

E 0) Q. in

•r- 3

3

a- >>

0) _Q >>-o

.a a> .c "O in

a; -r- r- _Q

o. as o. -*-> 3 in

in a)

o c

-H +J

ro as 5- J- .a o

o . UJ o a. z If) rHrHLnincMCNjoororor^r^^-^-cocOi—iLncMornr^r^-ao

u u

in in

in m

0) <u c c u u

UJ o h- C_)

O Q- 0'>-

<o

CD • I < o

if)if)if)if) 0000 if)if)if)Lr) 0000 if)if) 00 Lnif)00 0000HHHHHHHH(\J(NJN(M00HHHH(VJ(VJ

oooooooooooooooooooooooo rH r—I pH rH rH rH rH rH rH i-H r—I i-H rH rH rH rH rH i—I rH pH i—

I

rH rH rH CSJCSJC\JC\JC\1C\JC\JC\1C\JCNJCSJC\JC\JC\JC\1C\1C\JC\JC\|C\1C\JC\JC\|C\| iiiriixiniiiiiiiiiixixi

ooooooaoooooaDoocoaococoaDoooaDooaDoooocooocooo r^r^r^r^r^r^-r^r^r^.r^r^r^r^r^r^r^r*vr^r^r^r^r^r^r^ O rH rH i-H rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH -H CO CO CO CO CO CO OO CO rHOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

r^r^.r^r^p^r^r^r^r^r^.r^r^.r^.r-r^.r^r^r^r^r^r^r^r^r^

ra as C C U_

as as o

-h -h • «n in cm C C 4-> o o *+— u u • f:

5- U \ 0) ai c

<D 0) • E E 3

4-> 4-> 4-> CD

3 CD U =

A19
Table

13.7.4

ASTM

016.

30/MIMA

Round

Robins.

Data

from

Lab

17

over

the

Time

Period

from

1974

to

1983

for

Round

Robin

II

(305-152

mm

plates).

i uo u

u O "D U U

h- UJ O t— o o Ll. Z

ja

• fO Ul -P Z *4— UJ \ Q JO

(_) C

c

q s:

CNJ r—

1

o o L

D

D o- 00 D d LX) LX) LX) O'- O- D CNJ ro CD 00 lX> 00 oo r>- o rH LX) LX) LX) LX) r^- LX) rH ro ro CO LX) <D

r—

1

r—

1

1—

1

rH D D D IX) CO CO ro ro r—

1

r—

1

LX) LX) ro ro r—

I

CNJ LX) LX) CO ro rH CNI CNI LX) LX) CO co co co ro ro CNJ cnj CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ ro CO CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ CNI CO CO CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ ro co co CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ O O o O O o O O O O O O O O O O O O o O O O O O o 0. O o O o O d o O O O O o o O O o

o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o ON 00 o ON o o o rH rH lO lO LO lD lO lO lO LO LD LT) IX) IX) IX) LX) lX) LX) lX) IX) lX) IX) IX) lX) IX) IX) LX) IX) IX) LX) lX) LX) lX) lX) 1X) LO lX) LX) lX) LX) LX)

r*- r- r*- o- r*- r^- r*- r^. r^. r>- 0- r"-

o O O O o O O o O O O O O O O O O O O O o o O o O O O o o O O O o CNJ CNJ co rH CNJ rH rH CNJ CNJ o O O O d O O o O o o O O O O o O O O O o o O o O o O o o O O o o O O o o O O O O O iX) lX) LO LX) LX) LO LO LX) LX) lX) IX) lX) LX) LO lO L

O

LO LO LO LO LO LO LO LO LO LO LO lO LO LO lO LO LO LO LD LO LO LO LO LO LO LO o O O o o O O o O o O O o O O o O O o O o o O o O o O o o O o o o LD LO LD O'. 00 CD CD o O

o O O o o O O o O o O O o o O o O O o O o o O o o o O o o O o o o <D CD <D CD CD CD <D o O o o O o o O o o O o O O o O O o O O o O o o O o o o O o o O o o o CD CO <D <D CD CD CD o o rH rH i—1 rH rH i—1 1—1 rH rH rH rH i—1 rH rH rH rH rH rH rH i-H rH rH i—1 rH rH 1—1 rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH

rH rH CNJ CNJ 00 00 <3- r*'- o o ro CO rH CNJ 00 O ro rH CNJ 00 r>- O CO i—1 CNJ CNJ 00 *3" r^- O co

LD LD r- CD CD r—

1

rH i—i rH rH ro ro ro ro CNI CNJ LD O- CD rH i—

i

ro ro CNI LD co rH i—1 CO ro CNJ LD r-- <D rH rH co CO CNJ LD LD LD LD O O r—1 rH LD LD LD LX) LO O O O O LD LD O r—

1

LD LO O o LD LD o rH LD LO O O LD LD LD O rH LD lO o o O O O o rH rH 1

. rH rH rH rH rH rH CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ O O rH 1. rH rH CNJ CNI O o rH rH rH rH CNJ CNJ O o O rH rH rH rH CNJ CNJ

O O O o O O O O O o O O o o O O O O O O O O o O O O O O O O o o O o o o O O O o o O

O o O o o O o O O o O o o o o O O O O O O O o O O o O O O O o o o o o o o O O o o O

rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH

rH rH LO LO CNJ CNJ LD LD CO co CO O'- 0-- *3

- 00 00 rH LO CNJ LD CO 0- <3

- CO rH LO CNJ LD CO 00 rH LO LO CNJ LD CO 0^ 00

LO lO lO LO O o O o LO LO LO LO LO O O O O LO LO O o LO LO o O LO LO o O D LD O O LO LO LO O O in LO O O

O O o O rH rH rH rH i—

1

rH >—

1

rH rH CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ o o rH rH rH rH CNJ CNJ O o rH rH rH rH CNJ CNJ O O o rH rH rH rH CNJ CNJ rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH i—

1

rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH i—

1

LD LD LD LD LD LD LD LD LD LD LD LD ID LD LD LD LD LD LD LD LD LD LD LD LD LD LD D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O o O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ CNI CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ CNJ CNI CNJ

i—

1

rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH

n= x X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X -C X X X X X

<3- <3- ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH ro co ro CO CO CO ro ro CO

0^ r^- 0^ r^- 0". r^ r^- r^- O'- 0-- 0^ f^- O'* 0*- r^- 0^ O^ 0-* 0-. 0^ o-. 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 CO

LD LD LD LD LD LD LD LD LD LD LD LD LD LD LD LD LD lO lO lO LO LO LO lO LO 0-- 0^ 0- O- r*- r^- rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH o o o o O o O O o o o O o O O O O o o o o o o O o o o o o o o o o rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH

0- o- 0^ o-. r^- 0^ 0^ 0^ 0^ 0" O'- 0^ 0^ 0^ 0^ 0^ f^- o-. o- r*- r^- r"* h- r^- hs r- rr OrH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH i—

i

rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH H rH rH rH i—H rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH

[ [ , , ( | 1 , r—

i

| , t t ( [ t f , , t ( f | , ( , , | , , , _ HIrn _ _ , , rH rn

HH M r-i rH M *—» I—

l

r-i rH rH rn rn rn rn rn rn M rn rn M rn —

i

t—

H

rn rn I—

i

HH r—

i

HH rn rn rn rn rn rn rn rn rn rn rn rn rn

o

CNJ -P

3

-pQQ

3P

03

A20

b:

Reference

values

for

the

specimens

based

on

NBS

data,

cd:

Specimen

center

test

area

damaged.
Table

13.7.5

ASTM

C-16.

30/MIMA

Round

Robins.

Special

Tests

with

Thickness

and

Temperature

as

Variables

(with

and

without

septum).

<TJ3

4-> CO

Z Q-

<c z

o

h- Q- o z: Z LU

• fO 00 4-> z ^

LU \ Q -Q

o c

C_) . LU O Q- Z

I— O

O0 Z

LU O I— O

ZD Q_ cr>-

q z

CO .| < o

3 3 3 3 3 3 3

u u u u u u u s- i- S- s- s- s- s- s- 4- t- s- i- <D<+_(D<4_(D4_CD'+-a>a)QJa>Q) 0) a) CD CL) <v e e e e e t- 4? -P •p P -p •p -p -p -p •p p

ro CO *3- oo LO <T> LO rH O LO lD "3* cn 00 00 LO CO CO LO rH O 00 rH r** rH CO CD 00 rH rH LO LD co CO rH LO rH rH r- CO CO rH CO LO rH 00 CO LD CM rH 00 O CO r>* ro CO CM C\J CM CM CM CM CO CM CM CM CO CO CM CM CM CM CM CO CM CM CM CM CO CO CM CM CO CM CM CM CM CM CM O o o o o O o O O O O O O O o O O O O O O O O O O o O o O O O O O O O

CO o CM O CM co cn HN oo o o o o o o o o o rtmcoin^inHotncoooLON rH m cm

lO m m in in in in in LO LO m in m in LO in CO CO m LO rH CM 00 CO CM 00 CM CM n** CO CM 00

r- i^* i— r^. CM hw CO CM N co CM n*

rH rH

co

rH cm r^* co

rH

CO 00 co 00 CM CO rH o n CO CO o O O O O o O CO CM ro CO n CO o rH OO CO CO rH o*> CO <n cn

LO lO n n n n o o o o o O o O O o O O O O O CO n o n n o n oo n cn LO m in m n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n CM n CM n rH n rH rH rH rH rH

CM CM rH CM rH co rH 00 co n LO o o o o o o o 00 CM LD CM rH 00 o CO O rH n cn rH n

LO m in n n n n oo <T> cn cn o o o o o o o LD LD O o cn <n LO o o LD rH O LD o O LO

cn cn cn <n cn cn cn <T> cn CD cn cn o o o o o o o cn cn o o co 00 n <3* cn i_n <3* O'! n n n

rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH i

i n n 00 00 n n 00 00 LD 00 CM LD LO ^ 00 00 CM CM 00 CM cn cn cn co 00 00 ^ nn- o O n n r*- n cn n cn cn <3- r-*. n <n <3- r^. CO ro CO CM CM CM LD LD LO

LO LO rH rH LD LO o o LO o n O LO LD o n n O O LD o n o LO LO LO rH rH rH LD LD LO O O o

o o rH rH rH rH CM CM o rH rH CM o O rH rH rH CM CM o rH r-H CM o o o rH rH i—1 r-H t—1 rH CM CM CM

o O o o o o o o o O o o CM CM CM CM CM CM CM O o o o O O O O O O O O O O O O

o o o o o o o o o o o o O O O O O O O o o o o o O O O O O O O O O O O

CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH

n n LO LD r- 00 00 n LD r*. 00 n n LO r>. oo co n LD 8 1 1 1 2 2 2 7 7 7 8 8 8 rH i—1 CM CM ro ro rH CM ro <3- rH rH CM ro ro rH CM ro

n n o o n n o o n o n o n n o n n o o n o n o n n n o o o n n n o o o

o o rH rH rH rH CM CM o rH rH CM o o rH rH rH CM CM o rH rH CM o o o rH rH rH rH rH rH CM CM CM ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro CO ro ro CO CO ro CO CO CO rH rH i—

i

i—

1

rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH

<3- <3- o O o O o o O o o O o o o O O <3- O o o O O O o o rH rH rH rH 1—

1

rH rH rH rH i—1 rH rH rH rH i—1 O O o O O O O O O O O O CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM Cp *3- Cp «^P CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM

rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH CM CM CM CM CM cg CM cg CM CM CM CM CM CM CM rH rH rH rH i—

1

rH rH rH rH rH rH l—

1

Z z Z Z Z Z Z z Z Z Z Z z z Z z Z z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z z Z

oo 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 co oo 00 00 00 r*^ r>. n- r^ r^- r^ r*^ r^* p**. r^. r"»

r^- r- n- r^ r^- r^* n- n- n- r*^ r*. r*«. Is* r*. n- r- r^. r^ r^* rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH *3“ ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro ro co ro ro ro ro

rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH o o o o O O o O O o O O o O o O O O O o o o o o O O o

rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH *=t- *3- n- n- 00 00 00 00 00 00 CO 00 00 00 oo 00 ao ao 00 00 rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH 1—1 rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH

HH M t—

i

HH HH »—

i

HH •—t t—

l

1—4 4—4 4—4 4—4 1—4 4—4 4—4 4—4 4—4 4—1 4—4 , ( 4—4 4-H HH KH H—

t

HH t—

1

H—4 i—

i

HH HH 1—

t

t—t t—

t

(H l—

HH 4—4 4—4 4—1 4—4 f—

4

4—4 4—4 4—4 4—4 4—4 4—4 4—4 4—4 4—4 4—4 4—4 4—4 4—4 »—l

A21

"Btu"

=

Btu*

in/h-ft

2

‘°F

e:

Two

specimens

stacked

to

5.08

cm,

tested

without

septum,

f:

Two

specimens

stacked

to

5.08

cm,

tested

with

septum,

t-r:

Specimens

tested

over

a

braoder

temperature

range,

cu:

Heat

meter

constant

established

by

user.
Table 13.8.1 ASTM C-16. 30/MIMA Round Robins. Primary Data for Round Robin III.

RR LAB DATE EQUIP TEST SPEC. THICK. DENS. HOT COLD MEAN k FOOTNO. NO. M Y TYPE COND. NO. i n ib/ft3 TEMP TEMP TEMP "BtS" NOTES

Ill 12 0180 G4818 507 1 1.00 0.723 95.0 55.3 75.2 0.304

III 12 0180 G4818 607 12 2.00 0.714 95.0 55.2 75.1 0.308

III 12 0180 G4818 707 123 3.00 0.714 95.0 55.2 75.1 0.310

III 12 0180 G4818 807 1234 4.00 0.711 95.0 55.2 75.1 0.311

III 12 0180 G4818 509 1 1.00 0.979 95.1 55.2 75.2 0.275

III 12 0180 G4818 609 12 2.00 0.981 95.1 55.2 75.2 0.279

III 12 0180 G4818 709 123 3.00 0.980 95.2 55.1 75.2 0.280

III 12 0180 G4818 809 1234 4.00 0.976 95.1 55.1 75.1 0.282

III 12 0180 G4818 512 1 1.00 1.211 95.0 55.2 75.1 0.261

III 12 0180 G4818 612 12 2.00 1.192 95.1 55.2 75.2 0.264

III 12 0180 G4818 712 123 3.00 1.207 95.0 55.2 75.1 0.265

III 12 0180 G4818 812 1234 4.00 1.202 95.1 55.3 75.2 0.267

III 15 1080 G2412 507 1 1.00 0.740 100.0 50.2 75.1 0.299

III 15 1080 G2412 607 12 2.00 0.716 99.7 49.7 74.7 0.303

III 15 1080 G2412 707 123 3.00 0.718 100.8 49.9 75.4 0.305

III 15 1080 G2412 807 1234 4.00 0.711 100.6 50.0 75.3 0.308

III 15 1080 G2412 509 1 1.00 0.955 99.7 50.1 74.9 0.273

III 15 1080 G2412 609 12 1.99 0.967 100.0 49.8 74.9 0.275

III 15 1080 G2412 709 123 3.00 0.974 99.9 49.7 74.8 0.277

III 15 1080 G2412 809 1234 4.00 0.968 99.2 49.6 74.4 0.278

III 15 1180 G2412 512 1 1.00 1.199 100.2 50.1 75.2 0.260

III 15 1180 G2412 612 12 1.99 1.179 99.3 49.8 74.6 0.261

III 15 1180 G2412 712 123 2.99 1.206 100.0 49.7 74.9 0.262

III 15 1180 G2412 812 1234 4.00 1.203 99.2 49.6 74.4 0.264

III 18 0483 G2412 507 1 1.00 0.740 97.8 48.8 73.3 0.301 ed

III 18 0483 G2412 607 12 2.00 0.716 100.2 51.2 75.7 0.312 ed

III 18 0483 G2412 707 123 3.00 0.718 100.5 50.9 75.7 0.309 ed

III 18 0483 G2412 807 1234 4.00 0.711 100.5 50.6 75.6 0.309 ed

III 18 0483 G2412 509 1 1.00 0.955 100.5 52.3 76.4 0.272 ed

III 18 0483 G2412 609 12 2.00 0.967 98.4 49.9 74.2 0.278 ed

III 18 0483 G2412 709 123 3.00 0.974 100.5 49.8 75.2 0.276 ed

III 18 0483 G2412 809 1234 4.00 0.968 99.1 50.0 74.6 0.277 ed

III 18 0483 G2412 512 1 1.00 1.199 100.5 51.7 76.1 0.260 ed

III 18 0483 G2412 612 12 2.00 1.179 99.6 50.9 75.3 0.265 ed

III 18 0483 G2412 712 123 3.00 1.206 99.9 50.6 75.3 0.264 ed

III 18 0483 G2412 812 1234 4.00 1.203 100.2 50.4 75.3 0.263 ed

III 22 1182 G3616 507 1 1.00 0.733 92.4 57.2 74.8 0.300 cpi III 22 1182 G3616 607 12 2.00 0.718 100.0 50.8 75.4 0.300 cpi

III 22 1182 G3616 707 123 3.00 0.718 99.8 51.41 75.6 0.316 cpi III 22 1182 G3616 807 1234 4.00 0.713 98.7 51.3 75.0 0.306 cpi

III 22 0481 G3616 509 1 1.00 0.980 88.9 56.5 72.7 0.276 cpu

III 22 0481 G3616 609 12 2.00 0.985 95.3 52.9 74.1 0.281 cpu

III 22 0481 G3616 709 123 3.00 0.984 95.2 52.9 74.1 0.283 cpu

III 22 0481 G3616 809 1234 4.00 0.979 98.8 56.1 77.5 0.283 cpu

III 22 0481 G3616 512 1 1.00 1.212 92.6 56.7 74.7 0.265 cpu

III 22 0481 G3616 612 12 2.00 1.193 97.1 53.0 75.1 0.269 cpu

III 22 0481 G3616 712 123 3.00 1.213 98.5 52.8 75.7 0.271 cpu

III 22 0481 G3616 812 1234 4.00 1.210 97.0 53.0 75.0 0.277 cpu

"Btu" = Btu-in/h-ft2 -°F *Lab 13 data given in Table 13.5.2

cpi: Tests performed with insulated cold plates

cpu: Tests performed with uninsulated cold plates

ed: Equipment difficulty reported

A22
Table

13.8.2

ASTM

016.

30/MIMA

Round

Robins.

Secondary

Data

for

Round

Robin

III.

I CO O h- O O

TO

-PCO

coooc\icD«3-oorocr>m ooor^r^r^toinco

COCMCOCMCMCMCSJCMCM ddddddddd

z a- < z ooooooooo

lO lD lO l0 lT5 lO lH lO lO

Q Q_ —• z: O uj OOOOOOOOO

y— o. o z: ooooooooo

• m incsifvjroo^fOCO't

uo -p OHococo^rs^co Z 4- OOOJlcJlOiHCslH

uj \OO OOOOOOrHt—IrH

o c

o • UJ o a. z

CO

h- O

tO Z

UJ O

h- O

O Q- o->-

<o S

ooooooooo

csiro^cvjro^csjro^-

ro .a

*oD

p*» r^* 0 0 0 CM CM CM O 0 0 0 0 0 0 rH rH rH m m in in m in in in m

C

00 ao 00 00 00 00 00 00 CO a>

r—

1

rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH > LL_ 00 CO 03 CO 00 00 CO 00 00 •

1- 0

<3

- <3* '3- <3- 0 * 0 0 O 0 0 O O O CD N ooooooooo ooaococococococooo ooooooooo

C\|C\JC\JC\JC\|C\1CSJCSJC\J

P -P o +-

<U \s- c

3 •«- -P . ra 3

S- -P

aj ca ClE II a> I— =3

-p

.. CD

A23
Table

13.8.3

ASTM

C16.

30/MIMA

Round

Robins.

Tests

Performed

at

lab

17

on

Individual

Stacked

Sets

of

Specimens

from

Round

Robin

III

using

Heat

Meter

Apparatus.

I CO

H- LU o t—o

- LO CNI p^ m CO CD in in p^ CO 00 0 O O CO CO O CM ri

CM CO CM CO rH CO <3- CO ^}* <3- in n <TO p- p* p* P^ p* p* p** p* p^ CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CO CD CD CD GO O O O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

OQ

CNJ CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CO CM CO CO 00 CO CO co CO CO co O 0 0 0 O O O 0 O O O 0 O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

z CL. 0 0 O O O O O O 0 O 0 O O O O O O O O 0 O O O O O O O O O O O 0 O O O O 2= LU LU n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n

2: h- p** p. P^ p* p^ p^ p^ p- p* p- p^ p- p- p^ p* p^ p*** p*. p- p^ p- P^ P^ P^ p* p*. Pv p* p^ p^ p^ p*

O CL. 0 0 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O O O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 —l 2: O LU 0 0 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 d 0 O O O 0 0 0 0 0 O 0 0 <_) h- n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

h- CL. O 21 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 d 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 d 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

z LU 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

h- rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH pH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH pH rH

ro 00 CM n CD CO CM <3- «3- CO *3* 00 LO CM <T» <3- cn 00 OO O cn <3

- CO O cn O O CM CD CM 00 00 CO CO

in +-> p>. p p* CD P^ P- P^ CD CD <T> O CT> CD <T> p* rH O rH 0 0 O «3- CO <3- CO O 1—

1

CO O rH CM <X> rH z •4- 0 0 0 <T> <T> O O CD <T> <T> CTi <T> rH CM rH rH pH rH CM CM CM CM CM CM P^ P' P- P^ P. P^ P- P> P- p. CD P^ LUO O 0 d 0 O O O O O O 0 O O rH rH rH rH pH rH rH rH pH rH pH rH O O O O O O O O O O O O

0 0 0 O O O O O O 0 O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O c 0 0 0 O O O O O O 0 O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

z

HrH rH rH CM CM CM CO CO CO <3- <3* *3- rH rH rH CM CM CM CO CO CO <3- rH rH rH CM CM CM CO CO CO <3* *3-

HLnHCNj^odror^ro^tco^-HLnHMkDc\jror^n^cO'^HLnHCvjtDOdnr^ro^aD<t HiDHcsitOCviooNro rHnrHCMcDCMcor^-co HiDHcvjtDCSjror^ro H Lf) H C\J to C\I H m H CM ID CM i—I if) H CM CD CM H in rl rl in rl rl in H

I— o CO Z LU O

<r»cncr>o*»<x>CT^<T><y>o'>o'>o*>o'>CMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMr^r^r^r^-p^p-p*p*p*p*r^p* OOOOOOOOOOOOl—IrHi-Hr-Hi—ir—(i-HrHrHrHr—Hi—(OOOOOOOOOOOO HHLnmroDcoroNrorocOHHinroroDmror'rococOHHLnforoDroror^nrotxi

CL. C\J CNJ CM CM CM C\| CM C\J CM C\J C\| CM CM C\J C\J C\J C\J C\J CM C\| CM C\J C\J C\J CM C\J C\J C\J CM C\J CSJ C\J CM CM CM CM

t—I LU rH r—I rH pH pHI rH rH rH rH rH rH r*H rH rH rH rH rH i—I r—I t—I pH rH i—< i-H i—I rH rH r—I H H H rH rH rH rH rH —) Q_ iDiniDlDlDlDlOlOiDlDlDlDlOlDiDlDlDlDlOlDlDiDlDlDlDlDlDlOlOlOlDlDlDiDlOlD

O' >- cocococococococococococococococococococococococococococococococococococo

LU h- IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

<x. Q 21

rofococofororocororofonrofonroponfonfocorocororoforocnfooiforofonn

aoaoaoaooocoooooooooaocoaoooooooaocooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo 000000000000000000000000000000000000

r^- r— r— r— r^- r^- r— r^- r— r*^- r— r^» r ~ r— r— r^* r^*- r— p— i ~ r^- — r— i ^ r^-

A?A

cal:

Average

values

calculated

for

the

previous

pair

of

specimens.

"Btu"

=

Btu*

i

n/h*

ft2

*°F
NBS-1 14A REV. 2-BC) U.S. DEPT. OF COMM. BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA

SHEET (See instructions)

1 . PUBLICATION OR

REPORT NO. NBSIR 85-3026

2. Performing Organ. Report No. 3. Publication Date

May 1985

4 . TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Round Robins on the Apparent Thermal Conductivity of Low-Density Glass Fiber

Insulations Using Guarded Hot Plate and Heat Flow Meter Apparatus

5. AUTHOR(S)

J. G. Hust and C. M. Pelanne

6. PERFORMING ORGAN 1 ZATI ON (If joint or other than N BS, see instructions) 7. Contract/Grant No. national bureau of standards

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 8. Type of Report & Period Covered

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20234

9. SPONSORING ORGANIZATION NAME AND COMPLETE ADDRESS (Street, City, State, ZIP)

U.S. Department of Energy

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

P.0. Box X

Oak Ridge, TN 37830

10. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

_ Document describes a computer program; SF-185, FIPS Software Summary, is attached.

11. ABSTRACT (A 200-word or less factual summary of most significant information. I f document includes a significant

bibliography or literature survey, mention it here) This National Bureau of Standards report presents the results and the data

analysis pertaining to these results for three round robins on the thermal performance of guarded hot plates and heat flow meters when measuring the thermal

resistance properties of low density glass fibrous thermal insulations. The

three round robins were carried out under the sponsorship of the American Society

for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Subcommittee C-16 . 30 on Thermal Measurements

and the Mineral Insulation Manufacturers Association (MIMA)

.

The test results are compared to a reference equation and to each other to

illustrate intralaboratory and interlaboratory reproducibility as well as the

dependencies on temperature, density, plate emittance, specimen thickness, and

fiber diameter.

The study shows that, with good laboratory practices, interlaboratory

agreement of about 2% is obtained. Over 300 test results obtained by 12 different laboratories are reported. This report also discusses the magnitude of

the specimen thickness effect and its dependence on plate emittance.

12. KEY WORDS (Six to twelve entries; alphabetical order; capitalize only proper names; and separate key

apparent thermal conductivity; guarded hot plate; heat flow meter;

Round Robins; thermal insulation; thickness effect

words by semi colon s) low density;

13. AVAILABILITY 14. NO. OF

PRINTED PAGES

IX 1 Unlimited T For Official Distribution. Do Not Release to NTIS 134

Order From Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.

20402. 15. Price

[X] Order From National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Springfield, VA. 22161

*U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE:1985 — 579-257 / 25230 . 4 , .