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TACONIC STATE 

PARKWAY

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73°55' 73°50' 73°45'

41°45'

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41°35'

41°30'

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73°49' 73°48' 73°47'

41°37'

41°36'

41°35'

Abstract

The hydrogeology of the stratified-drift aquifer in the Sprout Creek and Fishkill Creek valleys in 

southern Dutchess County, New York, previously investigated by the U.S. Geological Survey 

(USGS) in 1982, was updated through the use of new well data made available through the New 

York State Department of Environmental Conservation’s Water Well Program. Additional well data 

related to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) remedial investigations of two 

groundwater contamination sites near the villages of Hopewell Junction and Shenandoah, New York, 

were also used in this study. The boundary of the stratified-drift aquifer described in a previous 

USGS report was extended slightly eastward and southward to include adjacent tributary valleys and 

the USEPA groundwater contamination site at Shenandoah, New York. The updated report consists of 

maps showing well locations, surficial geology, altitude of the water table, and saturated thickness of 

the aquifer. Geographic information system coverages of these four maps were created as part of the 

update process.

Introduction

Dutchess County, New York, is currently (2009) experiencing rapid development and, 

consequently, the county’s water needs are growing. Much of Dutchess County, particularly the 

southwestern part, contains many productive valley-fill (outwash sand and gravel) aquifers that are 

underlain by fractured carbonate bedrock. This combination results in comparatively large yields for 

both sand and gravel and bedrock wells. The high permeability of the outwash and the fractured 

nature of the carbonate bedrock, have fostered the growth of long plumes of contaminated 

groundwater in some areas. Currently, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) is 

conducting site investigations of two groundwater contamination sites within the Sprout 

Creek-Fishkill Creek watershed. At both of these sites, hundreds of private wells are contaminated by 

volatile organic compounds, chiefly trichloroethylene (TCE) and perchloroethylene (PCE). The U.S. 

Geological Survey (USGS) has provided assistance to USEPA at these two Dutchess County sites. 

The USEPA investigations are site-specific and limited in scope; however, both studies (CDM Federal 

Programs Corporation, 2008; Groundwater Sciences Corporation, 2002) have provided valuable 

hydrogeologic data from the drilling of monitoring wells.

One of the primary purposes of the USGS’s Detailed Aquifer Mapping Program in New York is to 

provide basic hydrogeologic information on the State’s aquifers to Federal, State, and local agencies 

charged with managing and protecting New York’s groundwater resources. This information is 

particularly important in areas of New York that are undergoing rapid development, with a resultant 

increase in usage of both municipal and self-supplied groundwater. The USGS has conducted two 

previous appraisals of aquifers in Dutchess County. The first was an appraisal of the groundwater 

resources in the Fishkill-Beacon area (Snavely, 1980); the second (Moore and others, 1982) was one of 

the first aquifer-mapping assessments carried out under the original USGS Detailed Aquifer Mapping 

Program, in cooperation with the New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH). This second 

report (Moore and others, 1982) assesses the hydrogeology of the surficial aquifer in a 35-square-mile 

area within the Sprout Creek and Fishkill Creek valleys. At the time these studies were done, however, 

relatively few well data were available that could be used to define the hydrogeologic framework of the 

valley-fill aquifers in some areas; specifically, data were insufficient to define the thickness of the 

aquifer in the northern half of the mapped area (Moore and others, 1982, sheet 4). Since then, new 

domestic well data have become available, the logs of which were obtained through the New York 

State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) Water Well Program 

(www.dec.ny.gov/lands/4997.html). In addition, the two USEPA investigations previously mentioned 

have provided some additional monitoring-well data available to the USGS for this update.

Purpose and Scope

This report presents updated hydrogeologic maps of the Sprout and Fishkill Creek valleys in southern 

Dutchess County, New York. The maps show (1) the location of wells and test holes, (2) the surficial 

geology, (3) the altitude of the water table, and (4) the saturated thickness of the surficial sand and 

gravel aquifer. This report updates a previously published USGS report (Moore and others, 1982) and 

shows wells, water-table altitudes, and saturated thicknesses in areas where data was insufficient in 

1982.

Methods

New well data obtained through the NYSDEC Water Well Program was used primarily to create the 

well-location map and to update the saturated-thickness map published by Moore and others (1982). In 

addition, monitoring-well logs and water-level data from remedial investigations of groundwatercontamination sites at Hopewell Junction and Shenandoah, NY, were used to update the Moore and 

others (1982) water-table and saturated-thickness maps. The surficial geology in the expanded portion 

of the mapped area was compiled from available field maps (Connally, 1980; Gerber, 1982); published 

reports (Connally and Sirkin, 1986); and digital soils mapping from the Soils Survey Geographic 

Database (SSURGO) maintained by the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). The soils 

units in the SSURGO data set for the study area were assigned a parent-material code based on the 

soil-unit descriptions, which were, in turn, plotted as an overlay to the USGS 1:24,000-scale 

topographic base map. The soil unit boundaries were then adjusted slightly to correspond with 

topography and geomorphic features to produce surficial geologic units in previously unmapped parts 

of the study area. The water-table map was constructed primarily using topographic stream control, and 

was supplemented with water-level data in areas where data from wells were available. The previously 

published saturated-thickness map (Moore and others, 1982) was expanded into the northern valleys 

and the southeastern part of the drainage area, primarily through the use of well logs and reported 

water levels. As part of this update, geographic information system (GIS) coverages were created for 

each map in this report, using geographic information system software, and are available through the 

USGS member inventory page on the New York State GIS Clearinghouse Web page 

(http://www.nysgis.state.ny.us).

Locations of Wells and Test Holes

This map shows the location of wells and test holes used to update the previous USGS study of this 

area (Moore and others, 1982). Well data were compiled from various sources, including the USGS 

National Water Information System (NWIS) database, which contains well data from the previous 

studies of this area (Simmons and others, 1961; Snavely, 1980; Moore and others, 1982), as well as an 

unpublished compilation of well records conducted by the USGS for Dutchess County (D.S. Lumia, 

U.S. Geological Survey, written commun., 1990). More recent well data were provided by the 

NYSDEC through its Water Well Driller Program, by which drillers’ logs and construction details of all 

drilled wells in New York State are required to be submitted to the NYSDEC. Monitoring-well and 

geoprobe records for two USEPA Superfund studies were provided by two consulting firms–Camp, 

Dresser, McKee (CDM) for the Hopewell Precision Superfund site near Hopewell Junction, and 

Groundwater Sciences Corporation for wells drilled near the Shenandoah Road Superfund site near 

Shenandoah, NY. In addition, the results of an inventory of domestic wells affected by contamination 

in the Hopewell Precision Superfund site were provided by Lockheed Martin Corporation. These 

groups of well data are shown on sheet 1 in different colors to denote their respective sources. In 

addition, two inset maps–one for the Hopewell Precision Superfund site and the other for the 

Shenandoah Road Superfund site–are included on sheet 1 to show the closely spaced wells more 

clearly.

DU2017

DU 336

DU 961

DU 607

DU 443

DU 1780

DU2013

DU1772

DU4380

DU4660

DU5179

DU5663

DU6190

DU6309

DU6322

DU6350

DU6326

DU6349

DU6497

DU6550

DU6554

DU6422

DU3225

DU3226

DU3228

DU3229

DU3230

DU3231

DU3232

DU3233

DU3234

DU3235

DU3236

DU3237 DU3238

DU3240 DU3239

DU3241

DU3242

DU3243

DU3244

73°48' 73°47'

41°32'

Hydrology by R. J. Reynolds and F. J. Calef III, 2010

Prepared in cooperation with the

NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION

EXPLANATION

Well—Monitoring well installed by Camp Dresser McKee for the Hopewell Precision U.S. Environmental Protection

Agency (USEPA) Superfund investigation

Test boring—Geoprobe test boring conducted by Camp Dresser McKee for the Hopewell Precision USEPA Superfund

investigation

Well—from New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Water Well Program well database

Well—inventoried by Lockheed Martin Corporation as part of the Hopewell Precision USEPA Superfund investigation

Well—from U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water Information System (NWIS) database

Well—Bedrock monitoring well installed by Groundwater Sciences Corporation as part of the Shenandoah Road

USEPA Superfund site investigation. Geophysical logging conducted by the USGS

Aquifer boundary—Indicates contact between unconsolidated deposits that comprise the Sprout Creek-Fishkill Creek

aquifer and adjacent deposits of till or bedrock

HOPEWELL PRECISION

SUPERFUND SITE

SHENANDOAH ROAD

SUPERFUND SITE

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

Hydrogeologic Data Update for the Stratified-Drift Aquifer in the Sprout and Fishkill Creek Valleys, Dutchess County, New York

by

Richard J. Reynolds and F.J. Calef III

2010

0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 MILE

0 0.5 1 KILOMETER

SCALE 1:24,000

SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS MAP 3136

Location of wells and test holes - SHEET 1 of 4

Reynolds, R.J., and Calef, F.J., III., 2010,

Hydrogeologic data update for the stratified-drift aquifer in the Sprout

and Fishkill Creek valleys, Dutchess County, New York

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital raster graphics, 1:24,000

Universal Transverse Mercator projection, North American Datum 1983, Zone 18N

0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 MILE

0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 KILOMETER

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 MILE

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 KILOMETER

Limit of mapped area—Indicates arbitrary trucation of mapped area

Lake Ontario

Lake

Erie

DUTCHESS

COUNTY

NEW YORK

CANADA

VERMONT

PENNSYLVANIA

Atlantic

Ocean

NEW

HAMPSHIRE

MASSACHUSETTS

CONNECTICUT

NEW

JERSEY

41 ̊

42 ̊

43 ̊

44 ̊

80 ̊ 79 ̊ 78 ̊ 77 ̊ 76 ̊ 75 ̊ 74 ̊ 73 ̊

45 ̊

72 ̊

0 25 50 75 100 MILES

0 50 25 75 100 KILOMETERS

Study area

DU 367

DU 2028

DU 5325

DU 2101

DU 3226

DU 2063

This map shows the locations of wells and test holes from which hydrogeologic data were obtained for 

this report. Wells in the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water Information System (NWIS) 

database or in the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) Water Well 

Program database are identified by a county well number, issued by the NYSDEC on behalf of the USGS, 

preceded by a county prefix (“Du” for wells in Dutchess County). Monitoring wells, geoprobe borings, 

test holes, and inventoried wells for which information was provided by consultants are also identified by 

a county well number, but are differentiated using separate map symbols. Many of these test holes and 

monitoring wells were installed as part of investigations, funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency (USEPA), of two Federal Superfund sites. Well use, whether domestic, public supply, or 

industrial/commercial is not differentiated by type, and all wells used for withdrawal are shown with the 

same well symbol, regardless of use type. The aquifer boundary, defined as the boundary between 

stratified drift and relatively impermeable till or bedrock, is shown as a heavy blue line.