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 1 Introduction

 2 The Changing Management Context

 6 Previous Studies on Effects of Disturbance on Wood Quality

 8 After the Fire: Changes in Dead and Dying Conifers

 9 Predicting Conifer Mortality Following Fires

 11 Types of Changes in the Wood of Dead Conifers

 15 Insect Damage to Conifers

 20 Stain and Decay Fungi Damage to Conifers

 24 Factors Influencing the Rate of Deterioration

 27 Species-Specific Changes in Wood Quality of Dead and 

 Dying Conifers

 28 Douglas-Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)

 30 Englemann Spruce and White Spruce (Picea engelmanii and Picea glauca)

 30 Grand Fir and White Fir (Abies grandis and Abies concolor)

 33 Lodgepole Pine (Pinus contorta)

 34 Ponderosa, Sugar, Western White, and Jeffrey Pine (Pinus ponderosa, 

 Pinus lambertiana, Pinus monticola, and Pinus jeffreyi)

 36 Subalpine Fir (Abies lasiocarpa)

36 Western Hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla)

 36 Western Larch (Larix occidentalis)

 37 Relations Among Wood Quality Changes and Economic Values

 37 Visual Classification Systems

 38 Types of Loss

40 Volume Loss

 41 Value Loss

 43 Volume and Value

 48 Conclusions

50 Glossary

 51 Acknowledgments

 51 Metric Equivalents

 51 Literature Cited

 62 Appendix 1: Common and Scientific Names

 64 Appendix 2: Selected References for Wood Volume/Value Loss by Species

 70 Appendix 3: Checklist for Field Evaluations of the Wood Quality of 

 Dead and Dying Conifers


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