PB 161557

<j5oulder laboratories

^0.56

A BIBLIOGRAPHY

OF THE

PHYSICAL EQUILIBRIA AND RELATED PROPERTIES

OF

SOME CRYOGENIC SYSTEMS

BY

THOMAS M. FLYNN

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS
THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

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NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

technical ^Tiote

56

May I960

A Bibliography of the Physical Equilibria

and Related Properties of Some

Cryogenic Systems

by

Thomas M. Flynn

NBS Technical Notes are designed to supplement the Bureau's regular publications program. They provide a means for making available scientific data that are of transient or limited interest. Technical Notes may be

listed or referred to in the open literature. They are for sale by the Office of Technical Services, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington 25, D. C.

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II

Contents

Page

Abstract # jjj

1. Introduction 1

1. 1 Purpose 1

1. 2 Organization 2

1. 3 Scope 4

1.4 Acknowledgements . ••• 7

2. Phenomena Index • 8

2. 1 Hydrogen ••••• 9

2.2 Helium 13

2.3 Nitrogen 15

2.4 Carbon Dioxide ............... 19

2. 5 Carbon Monoxide 22

2. 6 Methane •••....•• 24

2.7 Ethane 28

2. 8 Propane 30

3. Properties Index • • . • 32

3. 1 Hydrogen . 33

3. 2 Helium ••••....•••••••••• 36

3. 3 Nitrogen 38

3.4 Carbon Dioxide •••••.•••...»• 42

3. 5 Carbon Monoxide ••••••••••»•• 45

3.6 Methane •••••••••••••••••• 47

3.7 Ethane 50

3.8 Propane .••....•• 52

4. Bibliography of References 54

Ill

Abstract

A bibliography of approximately 700 references is presented

on the physical equilibria and related properties of several important

cryogenic systems. The systems considered are the pure components and mixtures of: Hydrogen, Helium, Nitrogen, Carbon Dioxide,

Carbon Monoxide, Methane, Ethane, and Propane.

1. Introduction

1 . 1 Purpose

Gases to be liquefied are frequently obtained as by-products

from some parent source, and may contain very large amounts of impurities. Determining the method of removal of the impurities is

difficult since the systems are seldom ideal, and may deviate from

some theoretical models by factors of several thousand. Research in

the area of physical equilibria attempts to present the problem from a fundamental viewpoint so that accurate predictions and designs can be

made.

Any serious effort to predict physical equilibria demands at

least two types of information, sine qua non. First, a precise description of the P-V-T behavior of the pure components. Second, a precise description of the mixture: the P-V-T behavior, or the interaction of the different molecular species, and the like.

Information in these categories appears in several forms and in

many places in the scientific literature. It is the purpose of this

paper to present results of a literature search in this field. The

search was intended to discover, as completely as possible, that work

in phenomena and properties, experimental and theoretical, related

to the physical equilibria of a few selected systems.

The systems selected were those of primary interest in cryogenics. They included the pure components and mixtures of:

Hydrogen, Helium, Nitrogen, Carbon Dioxide, Carbon Monoxide,

Methane, Ethane, and Propane.

Oxygen and the higher hydrocarbons were deliberately excluded

as primary systems since their behavior has already been thoroughly

reported in the literature of air separation and petroleum, respectively. They were included, however, as "Other Components" within

the primary systems.
2

1.2 Organization

The information is presented in three principal parts:

I. Phenomena, II. Properties, and III. Bibliography of References.

The following outline delineates the arrangement. For the sake

of brevity, the sub-headings are given only once in each principal

part. They are, of course, repeated for each component.

Organization Outline

I. Phenomena

A. Hydrogen

1. Phase equilibria

2. Fugacity, activity

3. Adsorption, on charcoal

4. Adsorption, on silica gel

5. Adsorption, on other adsorbents

B. Helium

1. -- 5.

C. Nitrogen

1. -- 5.

D. Carbon Dioxide

1. -- 5.

E. Carbon Monoxide

1. -- 5.

F. Methane

1. -- 5.

G. Ethane

1. -- 5.

H. Propane

1. -- 5.
II. Properties

A. Hydrogen

1. P-V-T General

2. Vapor pressure

3. Critical constants, and triple point

4. Compressibility" isotherms

5. Density, molar volume (of a condensed phase)

6. Equations of state, general

7. Corresponding states

8. Beattie - Bridgeman

9. Benedict - Webb - Rubin

10. Potential forms, general

11. Virial coefficients

12. Lennard - Jones 6-9 potential

13. Lennard - Jones 6-12 potential

B. Helium

1. -- 13.

C. Nitrogen

1. -- 13.

D. Carbon Dioxide

1. -- 13.

E. Carbon Monoxide

1. -- 13.

F. Methane

1. -- 13.

G. Ethane

1. -- 13.
H. Propane

1. -- 13.

III. Bibliography of References

(Listed alphbetically by first author)

1 . 3 Scope

I. Areas Searched

Indexes, when available, were searched under the

following headings:

1. acetylene 9 helium

2. adsorbents 10 hydrogen

3. adsorption 11 methane

4. carbon dioxide 12 nitrogen

5. carbon monoxide 13 propane

6. ethane 14. propene (propylene)

7. ethene (ethylene) 15. purification

8. gases 16. solubility

The sub groups searched within these general headings

were:

1. Analysis: detection, determination, chromotography, mass spectrometry

2. Adsorption: by various agents, of mixtures

3. Absorption

4. Cryostat: cryogenics

5. Distillation
6. Liquefaction: condensation, melting point,

solidification

7. Mists: analysis of, formation, separation,

supers aturation

8. Physical equilibria: phase diagrams

9. Purification: impurities, separation, removal,

drying

10. P-V-T: equations of state, critical constants,

compressibility, vapor pressure, specific

volume, fugacity

11. Reviews: bibliographies

12. Solubility: dissolved, determination, theory of,

laws of

13. Thermodynamic properties

For the years of Chemical Abstracts for which no indexes

are available, the following sections were searched:

a. (1) Apparatus, plant equipment and Unit Operations

b. (2) General and Physical Chemistry

c. (6) Inorganic Chemistry

d. (7) Analytical Chemistry

e. (13) Miscellaneous and Industrial Products

f. (22) Petroleum
6

II. The Abstracts, Indexes, and Lists searched were:

1. Chemical Abstracts, 1907 to date.

2. British Chemical Abstracts, 1926 through 1953.

3. FIAT Review of German Science, 1936-1946,

Vols. 27b (Inorganic Chemistry, Part V;

Equilibrium Investigation on Inorganic Substances);

Gas Analysis); and 30a (Physical Chemistry;

adsorption and desorption).

4. Chemisches Zentralblatl, 1955 only.

5. Doctoral Dissertations accepted by American

Universities, 1949-1955.

6. Index to American Doctoral Dissertations,

Combined with Dissertation Abstracts, 1955 to

date.

7. Index to theses accepted for Higher Degrees in

the Universities of Great Britain and Ireland.

1951 to date.

'

8. Bibliography of Translations from Russian

Scientific and Technical Literature. 1953-1956

(no more published).

9. Translation Monthly. 1955-1958.

10. Monthly List of Russian Accessions. 1948 to

date.

11. Deitz, V. R. , Bibliography of Solid Adsorbents,

1900 to 1942, and 1943 to 1953.

12. Rose, Arthur and Elizabeth, Distillation Literature Index and Abstract, 1946 to 1952, and 1953

to 1954.

"to date" means through and including the most recent issue

available on October 1, 1959.
13. A few selected journals were searched issue by

* issue from January, 1958, to date, since it was

possible that these issues had not yet been fully

abstracted. The journals searched in this

manner were:

a. A.I.Ch. E. Journal

b. Chemical Engineering Progress

c. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry

d. Journal of the American Chemical Society

1.4 Acknowledgements

This work simply never would have been compiled without the

aid of many able persons of the National Bureau of Standards Cryogenic Engineering Laboratory staff. Recognition is due: Mr. D. E.

Drayer, who performed the bulk of the search; Mr. A. J. Kidnay for

help in compiling and proofing; Mrs. B. E. Douglas for typing the two

principal indicies; and especially to Mrs. L. E. Merritt for the

painstaking and exhausting typing of the bibliography.

The author also wishes to acknowledge the aid of the Cryogenic

Engineering Laboratory Data Center, under the direction of Mr. V.

J. Johnson. This able group advised the preparation of the primary

information retrieval system, and supplied many of the original

papers for review.

2.

Phenomena Index

Phenomenon

Major Component

HYDROGEN

Category Other Components

i References

Phase

Equilibria

Helium 568

Nitrogen 17, 88, 169, 205, 226, 227,

231, 374, 420, 472, 637

Nitrogen and

Carbon Dioxide

2

Nitrogen and

Carbon Dioxide and

Carbon Monoxide

3

Nitrogen and

Carbon Monoxide

10, 169, 184, 204, 539,

637

Nitrogen and

Methane

131, 132, 133, 572

Nitrogen and

Methane and

Carbon Monoxide

600

i"

Nitrogen and

Methane and

Ethane

131, 132, 133

Nitrogen and

Ethene

435

Carbon Dioxide 1, 3, 186, 236, 426, 605

Carbon Dioxide and

Nitrogen

2
Phenomenon

10

Major Component

HYDROGEN

(continued)

Category- Other Components References

Phase

Equilibria

(continued)

Carbon Dioxide and

Nitrogen and

Carbon Monoxide

Carbon Monoxide

Carbon Monoxide and

Nitrogen

Carbon Monoxide and

Nitrogen and

Carbon Dioxide

Carbon Monoxide and

Nitrogen and

Methane

Methane

Methane and

Nitrogen

Methane and

Nitrogen and

Carbon Monoxide

Methane and

Nitrogen and

Ethane

Methane and

Ethane

169,227, 637

10, 169, 184, 204, 539,

637

600

56, 57, 58, 59, 187, 193,

194, 207, 226, 227, 653

131, 132, 133, 572

600

131, 132, 133

353
Phenomenon

11

Major Component

HYDROGEN

(continued)

Category Other Components References >

Phase

Equilibria

(continued)

Methane and

Ethane and

Propane

56, 57, 58, 59

Methane and

Propane

56, 57, 58

Methane and

Propene

57, 58

Ethane 352, 612, 663

Propane 59, 96, 663

Propene 59

Fugacity,

Activity

605

Helium 370

Adsorption,

Charcoal

32, 97, 118, 140, 158, 159,

161, 164, 214, 237, 315,

325, 326, 351, 367, 395,

475, 499, 527, 580, 588,

595, 610, 611, 618, 624

Nitrogen 12

Carbon Dioxide 268, 366, 372

Adsorption,

Silica Gel

140, 408, 512, 513, 616

Nitrogen 12, 290
Phenomenon

12

Major Component

HYDROGEN

(continued)

Category- Other Components References

Adsorption,

Other

Adsorbents

23, 33, 86, 202, 274, 289,

363, 373, 440, 463, 487,

489, 622, 623
Phenomenon

13

Major Component

HELIUM

Category Other Components References ,

Phase

Equilibria

Hydrogen 568

Nitrogen 79, 80, 198, 228, 320,

536, 537

Nitrogen and

Methane and

Ethane

79, 80, 583

Nitrogen and

Methane and

Ethane and

Propane

79, 80

Carbon Dioxide 186, 603

Methane 229, 230

Propane 604

Argon 300, 301

Fugacity,

Activity

370

i

Nitrogen 228

Adsorption,

Charcoal

118, 127, 159, 181, 192, 238,

297, 396, 403, 551, 615,

620, 621, 626

Nitrogen 346, 430, 678

Methane 346
Phenomenon

14

Major Component

HELIUM

(continued)

Category- Other Components References

Adsorption,

Silica Gel

614

Oxygen 345

Adsorption,

Other

Adsorbents

206, 312, 386
Phenomenon

15

Major Component

NITROGEN

Category Other Components References

Phase

Equilibria

Hydrogen 17, 88, 169, 205, 226, 227,

231, 374, 420, 472, 637

Hydrogen and

Carbon Dioxide

2

Hydrogen and

Carbon Dioxide and

Carbon Monoxide

3

Hydrogen and

Carbon Monoxide

10, 169, 184, 204, 539,

637

Hydrogen and

Carbon Monoxide and

Methane

600

Hydrogen and

Methane

131, 132, 133, 572

Hydrogen and

Methane and

Ethane

131, 132, 133

Helium 79, 80, 198, 228, 320, 536,

537

Helium and

Methane and

Ethane

79, 80, 583

Oxygen 25, 31, 166, 167, 168, 334,

341, 497, 498, 534, 538

Oxygen and

Argon

257, 347, 651
Phenomenon

16

Major Component

NITROGEN

(continued)

Category- Other Components References

Phase

Equilibria

(continued)

Carbon Dioxide 1, 3, 200, 426, 605

Carbon Dioxide and

Hydrogen

2

Carbon Dioxide and

Hydrogen and

Carbon Monoxide

3

Carbon Dioxide and

Argon

648

Carbon Monoxide 169, 203, 294, 334, 534,

538, 558, 570, 571, 637

Carbon Monoxide and

Hydrogen

10, 169, 184, 204, 539,

637

Carbon Monoxide and

Hydrogen and

Methane

600

Methane 71, 72, 113, 114, 195,

197, 199, 404, 581, 598,

599, 635

Methane and

Hydrogen

131, 132, 133, 572

Methane and

Helium and

Ethane

583

Methane and

Ethane

131, 132, 133
Phenomenon

17

Major Component

NITROGEN

(continued)

Category Other Components References

Phase

Equilibria

(continued)

Methane and

Ethane and

Propane and

Butane

584

Ethane 137, 176, 507

Ethene 137, 606, 607

Acetylene 200, 286

Propane 635

Propene 137, 607

Butane 9

Benzene 518, 519

Argon 163, 196, 277

Argon and

Oxygen

257, 347, 651

Fugacity,

Activity

75, 370

Helium 228

Methane 75

Ethane 492
Phenomenon

18

Major Component

NITROGEN

(continued)

Category Other Components References

Adsorption,

Charcoal

20, 21, 22, 97, 109, 118,

149, 150, 159, 161, 180,

201, 215, 218, 275,278,

279, 283, 296, 302, 314,

365, 400, 405, 436, 499,

508, 511, 525, 527, 595,

609, 640, 641, 664, 665

Hydrogen 12

Helium 346, 430, 678

Oxygen 12

Carbon Dioxide 268

Adsorption,

Silica Gel

90, 108, 145, 172, 173,

179, 222, 296, 330, 337,

376, 480, 565, 589, 616,

665

Hydrogen 290

Oxygen 345, 366

Carbon Dioxide 673

Carbon Monoxide 666

Methane 666

Adsorption,

Other

Adsorbents

23, 33, 86, 433, 546, 622,

644, 677
Phenomenon

19

Major Component

CARBON DIOXIDE

Category Other Components References

Phase

Equilibria

Hydrogen 1, 3, 186, 236, 426, 605

Hydrogen and

Nitrogen

2

Hydrogen and

Nitrogen and

Carbon Monoxide

3

Helium 186, 603

Nitrogen 1, 3, 200, 426, 605

Nitrogen and

Hydrogen

2

Oxygen 200

Carbon Monoxide 1, 3

Carbon Monoxide

Nitrogen

and 3

Methane 170, 171, 500, 605

Ethane 117, 502, 529

Ethene 110, 117, 124, 256, 529,

606

Ethene and

Propane

564

Acetylene 116
Phenomenon

20

Major Component

CARBON DIOXIDE

(continued)

Category Other C<Dmponents References

Phase

Equilibria

(continued)

Propane 8, 144, 488, 506

Propane and

Ethene

564

Butane 450, 488

Butanes and

Higher

Hydrocar bons

406, 407, 470, 488, 575

Fugacity,

Activity

152, 375

Adsorption,

Charcoal

67, 208, 215, 217, 278,

279, 367, 368, 499, 511,

516, 525, 526, 595, 609

Hydrogen 268, 366, 372

Nitrogen 268

Oxygen 268

Carbon Monoxide 366

Ethene 67, 366

Acetylene 557

Adsorption,

Silica Gel

108, 632 )

Nitrogen 673

Oxygen 673
Phenomenon

21

Major Component

CARBON DIOXIDE

(continued)

Category Other Components References

Adsorption,

Other

Adsorbents

288, 451, 644

Phenomenon

22

Major Component

CARBON MONOXIDE

Category Other Components References

Phase

Equilibria

Hydrogen 169, 227, 637

Hydrogen and

Nitrogen

10, 169, 184, 204, 539,

637

Hydrogen and

Nitrogen and

Carbon Dioxide

3

Hydrogen and

Nitrogen and

Methane

600

Nitrogen 169, 203, 294, 334, 534,

538, 558, 570, 571, 637

Nitrogen and

Hydrogen

10, 169, 184, 204, 539,

637

Carbon Dioxide 1, 3

Methane 674

Propane 659

Propene 659

Other

Hydrocarbons

470, 659

Fugacity,

Activity

370

Adsorption,

Charcoal

97, 180, 215, 278, 279,

499, 525, 527, 625
Phenomenon

23

Major Component

CARBON MONOXIDE

(continued)

Category Other C ompone nts References

Adsorption,

Charcoal

(continued)

Carbon Dioxide 366

Adsorption,

Silica Gel

480, 513, 589

Nitrogen 666

Methane 666

Adsorption,

Other

Adsorbents

23, 216, 363, 486,

644

487,
Phenomenon

24

Major Component

METHANE

Category- Other Components References

Phase

Equilibria

Hydrogen 56, 57, 58, 59, 187, 193,

194, 207, 226, 227, 653

Hydrogen and

Nitrogen

131, 132, 133, 572

Hydrogen and

Nitrogen and

Carbon Monoxide

600

Hydrogen and

Nitrogen and

Ethane

131, 132, 133

Hydrogen and

Ethane

353

Hydrogen and

Ethene

362

Hydrogen and

Pr opane

56, 57, 58

Hydrogen and

Propene

56, 57, 58

Helium 229, 230

Helium and

Nitrogen and

Ethane

583

Helium and

Nitrogen and

Hydrocarbons

79, 80
Phenomenon

25

Major Component

METHANE

(continued)

Category Other Components References

Phase

Equilibria

(continued)

Nitrogen 71, 72, 113, 114, 195, 197,

199, 404, 581, 598, 599,

635

Nitrogen and

Hydrogen

131, 132, 133, 572

Nitrogen and

Hydrogen and

Carbon Monoxide

600

Nitrogen and

Hydrogen and

Ethane

131, 132, 133, 572

Nitrogen and

Helium and

Ethane

583

Nitrogen and

Helium and

Hydrocarbons

79, 80

Oxygen 19, 195

Carbon Dioxide 170, 171, 500, 605

Carbon Monoxide 674

Ethane 91, 251, 534, 535, 540,

612

Ethane and

Hydrogen

353
Phenomenon

26

Major Component

METHANE

(continued)

Category Other Components References

Phase

Equilibria

(continued)

Ethane and

Hydrogen

Nitrogen

and

131, 132, 133

Ethane and

Helium and

Nitrogen

583

Ethane and

Ethene

246, 441

Ethene 243, 245, 361, 441, 639

Ethene and

Hydrogen

362

Propane 7, 251, 504, 544, 545,

612, 649

Propane and

Hydrogen

56, 57, 58

Propene and

Hydrogen

56, 57, 58

Fugacity,

Activity

75, 370, 547, 605

Nitrogen 75

Propane 64

Adsorption,

Charcoal

32, 76, 183, 214, 215, 218,

278, 279, 327, 329, 332,

354, 377, 436, 471, 499,

511, 609, 645, 650
Phenomenon

27

Major Component

METHANE

(continued)

Category Other C Dmponents References

Adsorption,

Charcoal

(continued)

Nitrogen 12

Ethane 633

Propane 633, 645

n - Butane 633, 645

Adsorption,

Silica Gel

354, 480, 513, 614

Nitrogen 666

Carbon Monc>xide 666

Ethane 129

Adsorption,

Other

Adsorbents

233, 363, 563
Phenomenon

28

Major Component

ETHANE

Category- Other Components References

Phase

Equilibria

Hydrogen 352, 612, 663

Hydrogen and

Nitrogen and

Methane

131, 132, 133

Hydrogen and

Methane

353

Hydrogen and

Ethene

567

Hydrogen and

Hydrocarbons

56, 57, 58, 59

Nitrogen 137, 176, 507

Nitrogen and

Helium and

Hydrocarbons

79, 80

Oxygen 19, 137

Carbon Dioxide 117, 502, 529

Methane 91, 251, 534, 535, 540,

612 .

Methane and

Hydrogen

353

i

Methane and

Hydrogen and

Nitrogen

131, 132, 133
Phenomenon

29

Major Component

ETHANE

(continued)

Category Other Components References

Phase

Equilibria

(continued)

Methane and

Hydrogen and

Hydrocarbons

57, 58, 59

Methane and

Ethene

246, 441

Ethene 253

Ethene and

Acetylene

397

Acetylene 116

Fugacity,

Activity

492

Adsorption,

Charcoal

97, 183, 218, 278, 279,

332, 354, 436, 462, 471,

499, 643, 650

Methane 633

Adsorption,

Silica Gel

354, 643

Methane 129

Propane 642

Adsorption,

Other

Adsorbents

522, 591
Phenomenon

30

Major Component

PROPANE

Category Other Components References

Phase

Equilibria

Hydrogen 59, 96, 663

Hydrogen and

Methane

56, 57, 58, 59

Helium 604

Helium and

Nitrogen and

Hydrocarbons

79, 80

Nitrogen 635

Nitrogen and

Hydrocarbons

584

Oxygen 19

Carbon Dioxide 8, 144, 488, 506

Carbon Monoxide 659

Methane 7, 251, 504, 544, 545,

612, 649

Propene 252, 505

Fugacity,

Activity

64

Adsorption,

Charcoal

62, 183, 218, 332, 354,

436, 462, 471, 499, 645,

650

Methane 633, 645
Phenomenon

31

Major Component

PROPANE

(continued)

Category- Other C ompone nts References

Adsorption,

Charcoal

(continued)

Propene 357

n - Butane 645

Adsorption,

Silica Gel

354, 515

Ethane 642

Ethene 355

Propene 357

Adsorption,

Other

Adsorbents

591
32

3.0

Properties Index

Properties

33

Major Component

HYDROGEN

Category Other Components References

P-V-T

General

235, 262, 291, 292, 656,

658, 669

Nitrogen 34, 419, 608

Nitrogen and

Carbon Dioxide

338

Carbon Dioxide 338

CompressibilityIsotherms

4, 6, 34, 35, 52, 85,

220, 247, 272, 273, 293,

384, 424, 445, 446, 448,

452, 456, 477, 560, 576,

577, 590, 601, 638, 661,

669, 680

Helium 52, 220, 590

Nitrogen 34, 35, 60, 209, 338,

340, 359, 380, 418, 638,

661

Nitrogen and

Carbon Dioxide

338, 380

Nitrogen and

Methane

7 4, 340

Carbon Dioxide 338, 380, 636

Carbon Monoxide 560, 587, 601

Methane 207, 340
Properties

34

Major Component

HYDROGEN

(continued)

Category Other Components References

Compressibility

Isotherms

(continued)

Methane and

Nitrogen

74, 340

Vapor

Pressure

27, 105, 111, 122, 190,

211, 235, 239, 270, 427,

428, 561, 656, 669

Critical

Constants

and Triple

Point

27, 61, 211, 242, 260,

262, 271, 306, 349, 476,

477, 478, 627, 655, 656,

669, 670

Density,

Molar Volume

30, 160, 387, 401, 456,

532, 552, 562, 669

Nitrogen 75

Compressibility

Factor, Z

212, 669, 675

Nitrogen 34, 60, 543

Equation of

State, General

51, 123, 213, 265, 333,

339, 438, 531, 613, 652,

669

Nitrogen 339, 380, 466

Carbon Dioxide 339

Carbon Monoxide 380

Corresponding

States

5, 370
Properties

35

Major Component

HYDROGEN

(continued)

Category- Other Components References

Be attieBridgeman

43, 44, 156, 381, 585

Nitrogen 46, 154, 169

Nitrogen ar±^

Carbon Monoxide

16 v

Carbon Monoxide 46, 169

BenedictWebb-Rubin

17

Virial

Coefficients

4, 305, 322, 379, 416,

417, 429, 444, 553, 619

Helium 295

Nitrogen 177, 295, 473, 515

Carbon Dioxide 136, 177

Carbon Monoxide 295, 473, 515

Methane 177

Lennard- Jones

6-9 Potential

148

Helium 590

Lennard -Jones

6-12 Potential

148

Properties

36

Major Component

HELIUM

Category Other Compone nts References

P-V-T

General

16, 235, 306, 438

Nitrogen 335

Compressibility

Isotherms

6, 85, 92, 98, 115, 272,

273, 308, 311, 384, 387,

453, 454, 474, 477, 478,

660

Hydrogen 52, 220, 590

Carbon Dj.oxide 255

Vapor

Pressure

13, 14, 69, 119, 235, 242,

306, 389, 427, 583,617

Critical

Constants and

Triple Points

61, 262, 306, 389, 476,

477, 478, 623, 627

Density,

Molar Volume

11, 77, 175, 234, 249,

264, 298, 548

Compressibility

Factor, Z

79, 80, 583

Carbon Dioxide 254

Equation of

State,

General

134, 148, 262, 298, 328,

382, 439, 455, 479, 533,

555, 681

Corresponding

States

370
Properties

37

Major Component

HELIUM

(continued)

CategoryBe attieBridgeman

Virial

Coefficients

Other Components References

44, 381, 585

Hydrogen

Nitrogen

Argon

4, 106, 240, 299, 309,

311, 313, 316, 323, 324,

379

295

177, 336

295

Carbon Dioxide 135, 177, 255, 474

Lennard- Jones

6-9 Potential

Hydrogen

Argon

148, 299

590

590

Lennard- Jones

6-12 Potential

148
Properties

38

Major Component

NITROGEN

Category Other Components References

P-V-T

General

53, 235, 287, 349, 530

Hydrogen 34, 419, 608

Hydrogen and

Carbon Dioxide

338

Helium 335

Methane 72

Ethane 176

Compressibility

Isotherms

35, 37, 41, 85, 153, 157,

272, 394, 474, 638

Hydrogen 34, 35, 60, 209, 338,

340, 359, 380, 418, 638,

661

Hydrogen and

Carbon Dioxide

338, 380

Hydrogen and

Methane

74, 340

Carbon Dioxide 250, 380

Carbon Monoxide 597

Methane 318, 340

Methane and

Hydrogen

74, 340
Properties

39

Major Component

NITROGEN

(continued)

Category- Other Components References

Vapor

Pressure

24,79, 84, 142, 163, 210,

219, 235, 242, 260, 261,

265, 276, 287, 307, 310,

427, 451, 484, 491, 520,

583, 657, 672

Critical

Constants and

Triple Points

104, 261, 306, 348, 349,

457, 476, 478, 484, 657

Density,

Molar Volume

75, 84, 160, 387, 532,

566, 667

Hydrogen 75

Compressibility

Factor, Z

34, 79, 80, 125, 265,

370, 421, 438, 477, 484,

528, 583, 667

Hydrogen 34, 60, 543

Hydrogen and

Carbon Dioxide and

Carbon Monoxide anc Methane

543

Methane 73, 587

Ethane 176

Ethene 248

Propane 647
Properties

40

Major Component

NITROGEN

(continued)

Category Other Components References

Equation of

State, General

265, 266, 321, 331,

388, 421, 432, 433,

467, 477, 480, 555

629, 667

383,

465,

, 582,

Hydrogen 339, 380, 466

Methane 199, 318, 339, 628

Corresponding

States

370, 443, 630

BeattieBridgeman44, 153, 480, 585, 586

Hydrogen 46, 169, 154

Hydrogen and

Carbon Monoxide

169

Carbon Monoxide 169

Methane 45, 46

BenedictWebb-Rubin17, 480, 581

Hydrogen 17

Carbon Monoxide 558

Virial

Coefficients

106, 304, 305, 379,

474, 581, 654

443,

Hydrogen 177, 295, 473, 515
Properties

41

Major Component

NITROGEN

(continued)

Category Other Components References

Virial

Coefficients

(continued)

Helium 177, 336

Oxygen 295

Carbon Dioxide 136, 177, 474

Methane 177

Lennard- Jones

6-9 Potential

349

Lennard -Jones

6-12 Potential

221, 519, 592
Properties

42

Major Component

CARBON DIOXIDE

Category Other Components

1 References

P-V-T

General

235, 414, 496

Hydrogen 338

Hydrogen and

Nitrogen

338

Ethane 502

Ethene and

Propane

564

n - Butane 450

Vapor

Pressure

82, 117, 188, 235, 409,

410, 434, 458, 484, 593,

676

Critical

Constants and

Triple Points

102, 423, 484

Compressibility

Isotherms

39, 40, 107, 247, 258,

387, 411, 412, 448, 574

Hydrogen 338, 380, 636

Hydrogen and

Nitrogen

34, 35, 338, 359, 380,

638

Helium 255

Nitrogen 250, 338
Properties

43

Major Component

CARBON DIOXIDE

(continued)

Category Other Components References

Compressibility

Isotherms

(continued)

Nitrogen and

Hydrogen

34, 35, 338, 359, 380,

638

Compressibility

Factor, Z

438, 484

Hydrogen and

Nitrogen and

Carbon Monoxide and

Methane

543

Helium Z54

Methane 500

Equation of

State, General

139, 266, 331, 383, 432,

582, 586, 634

Hydrogen 380

Corresponding

States

125

Ethene 110

BeattieBridgeman83, 281, 381, 585

Virial

Coefficients

126, 136, 304, 371, 379,

553, 592

Hydrogen 136, 177

Helium 135, 177, 255, 474
Properties

44

Major Component

CARBON DIOXIDE

(continued)

Category Other Components References

Virial

Coefficients

(continued)

Nitrogen 136, 177, 474

Oxygen 136, 177

Carbon Monoxide 136

Ethene 177

Lenhard- Jones

6-12 Potential

2Z1, 519, 592

Properties

45

Major Component

CARBON MONOXIDE

Category Other Compone nts References

P-V-T

General

182, 235, 530

Vapor

Pressure

120, 143, 235, 241, 265,

389, 390, 422, 672

Critical

Constants and

Triple Points

104, 143, 244, 389, 390,

478

Compressibility

Isotherms

36, 37, 78, 223,224,

258, 394, 476, 560, 574

Hydrogen 560, 587, 601

Nitrogen 597

Density,

Molar Volume

104, 157, 160

Methane 103

Compressibility

Factor , Z

265, 438, 517, 528

Hydrogen and

Nitrogen and

Carbon Dioxide

Methane

and

543

Equation of

State, General

155, 265, 467, 549

Hydrogen 339
Properties

46

Major Component

CARBON MONOXIDE

(continued)

Category Other Components References

Corresponding

States

125, 189, 244, 370

BeattieBridgeman

381, 549

Hydrogen 46, 169

Hydrogen and

Nitrogen

169

Nitrogen 169

BenedictWebb-Rubin

549, 558

Nitrogen 558

Virial

Coefficients

391

Hydrogen 295, 473, 515

Carbon Dioxide 136

Lennard- Jones

6-12 Potential

221
Properties

47

Major Component

METHANE

Category Other Components References

P-V-T

General

72, 87, 100, 165, 225,

232, 319, 342, 468

Nitrogen 72

Ethane 280

Propane 280

n - Butane 280, 503

Vapor

Pressure

26, 70, 79, 81, 121, 130,

178, 241, 259, 303, 317,

319, 344, 360, 484, 510,

573, 579, 583, 594, 602,

672, 679

Critical

Constants and

Triple Point

42, 101, 103, 104, 141,

178, 225, 244, 317, 319,

425, 476, 477, 478, 481,

523, 524, 602, 623, 631

Compress ibility

Isotherms

207, 413

Hydrogen 207, 340

Hydrogen and

Nitrogen

74, 340

Nitrogen 318, 340

Ethane 415
Properties

48

Major Component

METHANE

(continued)

Category- Other Components References

Density,

Molar Volume

121, 263, 387, 393, 431,

532, 541, 554, 578

Carbon Monoxide 103

Compressibility

Factor, Z

15, 79, 80, 89, 438, 477,

484, 583

Hydrogen and

Nitrogen and

Carbon Dioxide and

Carbon Monoxide

543

Nitrogen 73, 587

Carbon Dioxide 500

Ethane 587

n - Butane 587

Equation of

State, General

258, 331, 383, 432, 464,

467, 477

Nitrogen 199, 318, 339, 628

Corresponding

States

225, 251, 285, 461, 586

BeattieB ridge man

43, 44, 381, 519, 585

Nitrogen 45, 46

BenedictWebb-Rubin

54, 55, 459, 560, 461,

482, 483, 581
Properties

49

Major Component

METHANE

(continued)

Category Other Components References

Virial

Coefficients

304, 485, 556, 587

Hydrogen 177

Nitrogen 177

Lennard- Jones

6-12 Potential

221

Properties

50

Major Component

ETHANE

Category Other Components References

P-V-T

General

100, 232

Nitrogen 176

Carbon Dioxide 502

Methane 280

Propene 378, 402, 494

Vapor

Pressure

79, 94, 95, 117, 130, 151,

178, 360, 364, 490, 583,

593, 594, 679

Critical

Constants and

Triple Point

42, 50, 102, 524

Compressibility

Isotherms

38, 47, 49, 146, 501

Methane 415

Propene 378, 493, 494

Density,

Molar Volume

263, 578

Compressibility

Factor, Z

79, 80, 333

Nitrogen 176

Methane 587
Properties

51

Major Component

ETHANE

(continued)

Category Other Components References

Equation of

State, General

47, 139, 162, 258, 331,

383, 549, 629

Corresponding

States

18, 110, 125, 284, 461,

586

BeattieBridgeman

381, 549, 585

BenedictWebb-Rubin

54, 55, 459, 460, 461,

482, 549

Virial

Coefficients

521
52

Properties

Major Component

PROPANE

Category Other Components References

P-V-T

General

232

Carbon Dioxide and

Ethane

564

Methane 280

Propene 505

Vapor

Pressure

79, 93, 95, 151, 178, 191,

360, 593, 594, 679

Critical

Constants and

Triple Point

138, 178, 343, 369, 523,

524

Compre s s ibility

Isotherms

Propene 358

Density,

Molar Volume

263, 385, 578

Compressibility

Factor, Z

79, 80, 191

Nitrogen 647

Equation of

State, General

258, 331, 383

Corresponding

States

18, 125, 284, 461
Properties

53

Major Component

PROPANE

(continued)

Category Other Components References

BeattieBridgeman

48, 381, 585

BenedictWebb-Rubin

54, 55, 459, 461, 482
54

4.0

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73. Bloomer, O. T. , Eakin, B. E. , Ellington, R. T. and

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74. Bolshakov, P. and Etherman, A.; The Compressibility of

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76. Bonnetain, L. , Duval, X. and Letort, M. ; Stepwise

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77. Borelius, G. ; Equations of State for Liquid Helium

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79. Brandt, L, W., Stroud, L. S. and Bruce, H. E. ; An

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80. Brandt, L. W. and Stroud, L.; Thermodynamic Diagrams of

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82. Bridgeman, O. C. ; A Fixed Point for Calibration of Pressure

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83. Bridgeman, O. C. ; Equation of State for Gaseous Carbon

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84. Bridgman, P. W. ; Melting Curves and Compressibilities of

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89. Brown, G. G. ; (title not known)

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90. Brunauer, S. and Emmett, P. H. ; The Use of Low Temperature van der Waals Adsorption Isotherms in Determining

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91. Budenholzer, R. A., Sage, B. H. and Lacey, W. N. ; Phase

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92. Burnett, E. S. ; Compressibility Determinations without

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93. Burrell, G. A. and Robertson, I. W. ; Vapor Pressures of

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94. Burrell, G. A. and Robertson, I. W. ; Vapor Pressures of

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96. Burriss, W. L. , Hsu, N. T. , Reamer, H. H. and Sage, B. H.;

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97. Burshtein, R. , Levin, P. and Petrov, S. ; Activated

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98. Burt, F. P. ; Compressibilities of Helium and Neon

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99. Burwell, R. L. , Jr., Smudski, P. A. and May T. P.;

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100. Canjar, L.J. ; P-V-T and Related Properties for Methane

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101. Cardoso, E. ; The Critical Constants of Methane

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102. Cardoso, E. ; Critical Point

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103. Cardoso, E. ; Densities of the Coexisting Phases of Methane

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110. Charnley, A., Cook, D. , Ewald, A. H. and Rowlinson, J. S. ; Equilibrium of Phases in Solution

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111. Chester, F. P. and Dugbale, J. S. ; Melting Curves of

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112. Churchill, S. W. , Collamore, W. G. and Katz, D. L. ; Phase

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116. Clark, A. M. and Din, F. ; Equilibria Between Solid, Liquid,

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119. Clement, J. R. , Logan, J. K. and Gaffney, J.; Liquid

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120. Clusius, K. and Teske, W. ; Vapor Pressures and Vapor - Pressure Constant of Carbon Monoxide

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121. Clusius, K. and Weigand, K. ; Melting Curves of the Gases

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123. Cohen, E. G. D. , et al; The Transport Properties and

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124. Cook, D. and Longvet - Higgins, H. C. ; Application of the

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Proc. Roy. Soc. A209, 28 (1951)

125. Cook, D. and Rowlinson, J. S. ; Deviations from the Principle

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Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) A21_9, 405-18 (1953)

126. Cook, D. ; 2nd Virial Coefficient of Carbon Dioxide at Low

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Phys. Rev. (ii), 29, 920 (1927)

128. Cook, M. W. and Hanson, DD N„ ; Accurate Measurement of

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129. Coppens, L. ; The Separation at Low Temperature of Mixtures

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130. Copson, R. L. and Frolich, P. K. ; Vapor - Pressure Chart

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131. Cosway, H. F. ; Low Temperature Vapor - Liquid Equilibria

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132. Cosway, H. F. ; Low - Temperature Vapor - Liquid

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134. Cottrell, T. L. ; Equations of State, Physical Properties, and

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137. Cox, A. L. and DeVries, T. ; The Solubility of Solid Ethane,

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138. Cox, E. R. ; The Physical Constants of Propane

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139. Cramer, F. ; An Empirical Equation of State for Extremely

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140. Cremer, E. and Prior, F. ; Application of Chromatographic

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141. Crommelin, C. A.; Triple Point of Methane

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142. Crommelin, C. A. ; Vapor Pressure of Nitrogen Between

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143. Crommelin, C. , Bijleveld, W. J. and Brown, E. G.

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144. Cullen, E. J. and Kobe, K. A.; Benedict Equation of State:

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145. Damkohler, G. ; Adsorption of Mixtures of Nitrogen and Argon

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147. Dean, M. R. and Tooke, J. W. ; Vapor Liquid Equilibria in

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148. DeBoer, J.; Equation of State of Gases at Low Temperature

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149. Deitz, V. R. and Gleysteen, L. F. ; Determination of Carbon

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150. Deitz, V. R. and Gleysteen, L. F. ; Surface Available to

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151. Delaplace, R. ; Vapor Pressure of Gaseous Hydrocarbons at

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152. Deming, W. E. and Deming, L. S. ; Some Physical Properties

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153. Deming, W. E. and Shupe, L. E. ; Constants of the Beattie - Bridgeman Equation of State with Bartlett's P-V-T Data on

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157. Deming, W. E. and Shupe, L. E. ; Some Physical Properties

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158. DeSorbo, W. , Milton, R. M. and Andrews, D. H. ; New

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159. Dewar, J. ; The Adsorption and Thermal Evolution of Gases

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161. Dewar, James; Studies on Charcoal and Liquid Air

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162. DiCio, A. ; Application of the Paoluzi Equation to Ethane

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163. Din, F. , Goldman, K. and Monroe, A. G. ; Solid-Liquid

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166. Dodge, B. F. ; Isotherms and Isobars for Air Separation

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167. Dodge, B. F. and Davis, H. W. ; Vapor Pressure of Liquid

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168. Dodge, B. F. and Dunbar, A.; Investigation of the Co-existing

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169. Dokoupil, Z. , Soest, G. van and Swenker, M.D.P.; The

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170. Donnelly, H. G. ; Two -Phase and Three - Phase Equilibria

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172. Dreving, V. P., Kiselev, A. V. and Likhacheva, O. A.;

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178. Egloff, G. ; Physical Constants of Hydrocarbons, 7-10,

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181. Ermolin, M# G. ; Method of Quantitative Separation of HeliumNeon Mixture

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189. Fales, H. A. and Shapiro, C. S. ; Thermodynamic Properties

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198. Fedoritenko, A. and Ruhemann, M. ; Equilibrium Diagram of

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199. Fedorova, M. F. ; Binary Mixtures of Substances Melting at

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201. Fejes, P. and Schay, G. ; Adsorption and Desorption of

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205. Fischer, V. ; Thermodynamics of the Nitrogen - Hydrogen

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206. Frederikse, H.P.R. and Gorter, C. J.; Investigations on the

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209. Friedman, A. S. ; PVT Relationships of Gaseous, Hydrogen,

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210. Friedman, A. S. and White, D. ; The Vapor Pressure of

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211. Friedman, A. S. , White, D. and Johnston, H. L. ; Critical

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212. Friedman, A. S. ; The Thermodynamic and Transport

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353. Levitskaya, E. P.; Equilibrium of Liquid-Gas in the Triple

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354. Lewis, W. K. , Gilliland, E. R. , Chertow, B. , and

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355. Lewis, W. K. , Gilliland, E. R. , Chertow, B. , and

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356. Lewis, W. K. , Gilliland, E. R. , Chertow, B. , and

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357. Lewis, W. K. , Gilliland, E. R. , Chertow, B. , and

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358. Li, K. , and Canjar, L. N. ; Propane - Propylene Mixtures

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359. Lialine, L. , Hestermans, P., and Deffet, L. ; Determination

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360. Liang, S. C. ; Low Vapor Pressure Measurements and

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361. Likhter, A. I . , and Tikhonovich, N. P.; Equilibrium

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362. Likhter, A. I. , and Tikhonovich, N. P. ; The Equilibrium

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363. Livingston, M. K. ; The Cross -Sectional Areas of Molecules

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364. Loomis, A. G. , and Walters, J. E. ; The Vapor Pressure of

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365. Lopez-Gonzales, Carpenter and Dietz; Adsorption of

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366. Lorenz, R. , and Wiedbrauck, E. ; Adsorption Equilibria of

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367. Lowry, H. H. , and Morgan, S. O. ; The Adsorption of Gases

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368. Lowry, H. H. , and Olmstead, P. S. ; The Adsorption of

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369. Ludwig, E. H. B. ; Propane, Butane and Pentane, the

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370. Lydersen, A. L. , Greenkorn, R. A., and Hougen, O. A.;

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371. Mac Cormack, K. E. , and Schneider, W. G. ; Compressibility of Gases at High Temperatures IV. Carbon Dioxide in

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372. Magnus, A., and Roth, N. ; Adsorption VII. The Adsorption

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373. Maidanovskaya, L. G. , Panfilov, I. A., and Zakharova,

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375. Majumdar, A. J., and Roy, R. ; Fugacities and Free

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376. Malanchuk, M. and Stuart, E. B. ; Effect of Heat Treatment

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377. Mamedaliev, Yu. G. , and Kuliev, A. M. ; The Separation of

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378. Marchman, H. , and Prengle, H. W. , Jr.; Compressibility

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379. Margenau, H. ; The Second Virial Coefficient for Gases: A

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380. Markov. V. P.; Compressibility of Gaseous Mixtures II. Verification of the Equation of State for Gaseous Mixtures

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381. Maron, S. H. , and Turnbull, D. ; Equation of State for Gases

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382. Marshak, R. E. , Morse, P. M. , and York, H. ; Equation of

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383. Maslan, F. , and Aberth, E. ; Equation of State for Liquids

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384. Maslan, F. D. , and Littman, T. M. ; Compressibility Chart

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385. Massie, D. S. , and Whytlaw -Gray, R. ; The Normal Density

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386. Mastrangelo, S. V. R. , and Aston, J. G. ; Thermodynamic

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387. Mathias, E. ; Study of Density Curves at Low Temperatures

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388. Mathias, E. , and Crommelin, C. A. ; Work Done in the

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390. Mathias, E. , and Crommelin, C. A.; The Rectilinear

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391. Mathot, V., Staveley, L. A. K. , Young, J. A., and

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392. Matsui, R. , Ito, Y. , Yasui, E. , and Susuki, H. ; Detection of

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393. Matthews, C. S. , and Hurd, C. O. ; Thermodynamic

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394. Maverick, S. , and Schlatter, C. ; Compressibility at and

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398. McCurdy, J. L. , and Katz, D. L. ; Phase Equilibria in the

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399. McDermot, H. L. , Arnell, J. C. , and Lawton, B. E. ; Charcoal Sorption Studies. III. The Adsorption of Ethylene

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400. McDermot, H. L. , and Lawton, B. E. ; Adsorption of

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401. McGaw, H. D. ; The Density and Compressibility of Solid

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403. McLean, S. ; The Adsorption of Helium by Charcoal

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406. Meldrum, A. H. , and Nielsen, R. F. ; A Study of 3-Phase

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408. Melkonian, G. A. , and Reps, B. ; Isotope Displacement by

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409. Meyers, C. H. , and Van Dusen, M. S. ; Vapor Pressure of

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410. Meyers, C. H. , and Van Dusen, M. S. ; The Vapor Pressure

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412. Michels, A., and Michels, Mrs. C. ; Isotherms of Carbon

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414. Michels, A., Biji, A., and Michels, C. ; Thermodynamic

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416. Michels, A., and Goudeket, M. ; Compressibility of Hydrogen

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418. Michels, A. , and Wassenaar, T. ; Isotherms of Argon

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421. Michels, A., Lunbeck, R. J., and Wolkers, G. J.; Thermodynamic Properties of Nitrogen as Functions of Density and

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422. Michels, A., Wassenaar, T. , and Zwietering, Th. N. ; The

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423. Michels, A., Wassenaar, T. , Slayters, Th. , and Graaff,

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451. Oliphant, M. L. ; Selective Adsorption from Gaseous

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452. Onnes, H. K. , and Braak, C. ; Isotherms of Hydrogen

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456. Onnes, H. K. , and Crommelin, C. A.; Isotherms of Diatomic Substances and Their Binary Mixtures. XIII. Liquid

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466. Paoluzi, G. ; The Equation of State for Gaseous Mixtures

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467. Paoluzi, G. ; New Isothermal Constant for Gases

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479. Pietrusky, K. ; Helium

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489. Pollard, F. H. ; The Adsorption of Carbon Monoxide and

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632. Vasil'ev, B. N. , Bering, B. P., Dubinin, M. M. , and

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Doklady Akad. Nauk U.S.S.R. 114, 131 (1957)

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636. Verschaffelt, J. E. ; Researches on the Compressibility and

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638. Verschoyle, T. T. H. ; Isotherms of Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and

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NBS Tech. Note No. 4, PB 151363 (1959)

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