NBSIR 78-1567

Preliminary Study of Planned Replacement of Plant and

Facility Equipment at the NBS Gaithersburg Site

Phillip T. Chen

Center for Building Technology

National Engineering Laboratory

National Bureau of Standards

U.S. Department of Commerce

Washington, D.C. 20234

NOVEMBER 1978
C’ 0

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NBSIR 78-1567

PRELIMINARY STUDY OF PLANNED REPLACEMENT OF PLANT AND

FACILITY EQUIPMENT AT THE NBS GAITHERSBURG SITE

Phillip T. Chen

Building Economics and Regulatory Technology Division

Center for Building Technology

National Engineering Laboratory

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, D.C. 20234

November 1978

Prepared for The Plant Division

Center for Facilities Management

Office of the Director of Administration

and Information Systems

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, D.C. 20234

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Juanita M. Kreps, Secretary

Dr. Sidney Harman, Under Secretary

Jordan J. Baruch, Assistant Secretary for Science end Technology

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Emeit Ambler, Director
'

>

.

.

’

1
PREFACE

This study was conducted by the Applied Economics Program of the

Building Economics and Regulatory Division for the Plant Division to

demonstrate how economic analysis and cost engineering can be applied

to the planned replacement of the aging and obsolete plant and facility

equipment at the National Bureau of Standards. Drs. Harold E. Marshall,

David A. Didion, James E. Hill and Stephen F. Weber, Mr. Robert E.

Chapman and Miss Iris M. Lloyd, provided general reviews of this paper.

Mr. A. A. White furnished maintenance engineering data and leadership.

Messrs. T. B. McKneely, D, Z. Rathbone, L. E. Wachter, K. L. Lowe, B.

Wigglesworth, P. F. Schutz , J. P. Manning, and D. C. Sullivan provided

engineering and maintenance data. Mr. T. Gary and Mms. T. DeGrange

and J. Beck provided information on the budgeting process. The author

wishes to express his appreciation to the above persons without whose

help this study could not have been completed.

iii
LIST OF TABLES

2.1 Preliminary Replacement Survey 3

2.2 Study Plan 7

vi
1. INTRODUCTION

The current maintenance of the physical plant at the NBS is not aimed

at the replacement of major plant and facility equipment or system components, but focused on the repair of such systems to the greatest

extent practicable. As the physical plant ages, the useful life^ of

these systems is approached and failure requiring replacement or extensive repair, rather than normal repair, can therefore be anticipated.

The replacement of obsolete equipment represents a unique opportunity

since Executive Order 12003, dated July 20, 1977, states that by 1985

all existing Federally-owned buildings shall reduce the average annual

energy use per gross square foot of floor area by 20 percent compared

to the energy consumption in 1975. Energy conservation should thus play

a major role in the selection of replacement equipment at the NBS.

The NBS is widely recognized as a leader in the development and application of techniques for cost-effective decisions regarding energy conservation in buildings. Among these techniques are life-cycle costing,

computer simulation, and building economics. Using these techniques as firm technical underpinnings, it will be possible to develop a planned

budgeting strategy for the replacement of aging and obsolete plant and

facility equipment.

On September 5, 1978, the Plant Division of the Center for Facility

Management (CFM) sent an Interdivision Work Order ( IWO-351-5028) to the

Applied Economics Program of the Building Economics and Regulatory Technology Division, Center for Building Technology (CBT) for conducting this

preliminary study.

1.1 OBJECTIVE

The goal of this study is to develop a preliminary plan for scheduling

and financing the replacement of obsolete plant and facility equipment

^ According to the General Services Administration, the useful life of

building equipment and components for Federal buildings is between 10

and 20 years. Most of the NBS plant and facility at Gaithersburg has

been in operation for thirteen years. The physical plant at the Boulder

site is much older. Generally, the useful life of pieces of plant

equipment is affected by these factors: (1) the generally accepted

life-span published by the manufacturer or trade association; (2) the

effect of particular design arrangement of the total system have on

the life-span of an individual piece of equipment and (3) the effect

of operation and maintenance procedure has on the equipment life-span.

Therefore the historic engineering performance of the existing

facilities is vital to the evaluation of equipment life-spans.

1
at the National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg site. The study will

describe task requirements, time schedule and estimated funding levels

to complete the future determination of appropriate means to finance the

equipment costs in each year for a number of years at the National

Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg site.

1.2 APPROACH

The findings of this preliminary study rely on three basic sources of

information

1. Interviews with the Chiefs of Maintenance Engineering and Design

Engineering Offices, and the Acting General Foreman and Shop

Foremen.

2. Inspection of physical plant and representative equipment and

facility

3. Data from the NBS budgetary process for facility maintenance, modifications, and improvements.

The analysis of the information gathered from these sources was conducted in three stages:

1. Preliminary engineering analysis to determine which plant and

facility equipment items are good candidates for replacement due

to obsolescence*- .

2. Identification of potential studies required for an effective

building maintenance program in operating the NBS plant.

3. Estimation of the time and funding level required to conduct the

final study.

* In general, plant and facility obsolenscence can be grouped into two

types: physical obsolescence and technical obsolescence. Physical

obsolescence deals with a piece of equipment attaining its natural

life-span or useful life and is therfore replaced. Technical

obsolescence is caused by the occasion that an identical or simular

piece of equipment installed many years ago is no longer available

in the market place at the present and hence a new design of this

piece of equipment will have to be selected for the replacement.

Technical obsolescence can also be caused by the availability of a much more efficient piece of equipment. The replacement of an existing piece of equipment would thus result in increased life-cycle

benefit

2
2. FINDINGS, STUDY PLAN AND RECOMMENDATIONS

At the conclusion of the personal interviews and site visits, a preliminary engineering analysis was made. The conclusions of engineering

analysis on the representative plant and facility replacement needs and

the companion special studies required for the selection of these

replacements are presented here. A study plan is also made to show the

task requirements, time scheduling and estimated funding levels for the

completion of this study. Finally, recommendations for implementing the

final study are made.

2. 1 FINDINGS

The findings for this study are divided into two groups: replacement

survey and special studies.

2.1.1 Replacement Survey

Of the approximately 90 groups of equipment in the NBS, only 22 groups

are identified in this survey are the preliminary replacement needs.

The preliminary replacement needs of obsolete plant and facility

equi praent are in Table 2.

Table 2.1.

1:

Preliminary Replacement Survey

lotal Quantity

Plant

Shop No. Symbol and Name Problem Identif ication"*-

11 01 AC Air Compressor Replacement of cast iron water

jackets and rings for the

two in Bldg 302 are needed.

12 ' 08 ACC Air Conditioning

Console

Three have been replaced to

date.

236 08 ACU Air Conditioning

Unit

Some replacement of steam

coils, cooling coil supports,

and floor channels are expected

in the near future.

* 03 AS Air Separator Tank Corrosion is apparent; may

require replacement.

In many cases of the problem identification, it is noted that the Maintenance

Engineering Office and various shops have taken actions to either maintain or

j rePlace the components as noted.

3
Plant

Total Quantity Shop No. Symbol and Name Problem Identification

2 08 AW Air Washer The one in Bldg 301 may need

replacement.

1000 02 BA Batteries (Acid) Life expectancy is 10 years.

9 01 CNP Control Panel A computerized control may

be required for the boilers.

40 03 CP Condensate Pumps Four were replaced after eleven

years.

1 01 CT Cooling Tower Wood fills and wood deck have

to be replaced periodically.

4 01 CTF Cooling Tower Fan Fan stacks have to be replaced

soon because of apparent

corrosion.

1110 08 E-Ed Fan Elephant trunk exhausts have

to be improved because of

insufficient exhaust capacity.

577 02 El Emergency

Illumination

Provide transfer switch to

possibly save money.

28 03 ET Expansion Tank Five have been replaced

because of corrosion.

1 Lot 09 GL Grading and

Landscaping

Some excavation and grading are required for outside grounds.

Replacement of dead plants is

also required.

18 03 HE Heat Exchanger Corrosion of outside shell

occurred for two heat exchangers

225 03 P Pump Twenty four pumps have been

replaced so far.

1 Lot 07 RR Roof Repair Some roofs are dead flat; some roof drains are higher

than the roof.
4 01 RV Refrigeration

Unit

One gear box failed after twelve

years. An efficiency study for

minimum capacity is recommended.

1 Lot — RW Road and Walk Some roads, curbs and walks have

to be repaired or replaced.

4 01 SG Steam Generator Relining is expected in fifteen

years. An efficiency study for

minimum capacity is recommended.

234 02 SL Street Light Replacement with more efficient

lighting may be advisable.

20 03 VP Vacuum Pump Three vacuum pumps have been

replaced in 8 or 9 years of use.

2.1.2 Special Studies

Special studies suitable for supporting the engineering evaluation of

the plant and facility replacement needs are recommended as follows:

(a) Investigate and recommend energy and cost savings as determined

by a computer simulation for the site distribution systems.

(b) Investigate and recommend energy and cost savings as determined

by a computer simulation for the central chillers.^

(c) Investigate and recommend energy and cost savings as determined

by a computer simulation for the central boilers. ^

(d) Evaluate the existing Computerized Monitoring and Control System

(CMCS) in Bldg. 223 and recommend how this CMCS can be extended

to serve the whole NBS site including the impact of the CMCS on facility maintenance. Special attention is called to the

possible need of computerized control for the boilers in Building

301 and for the fresh air in-take control of all buildings for

conserving energy.

(e) Investigate and recommend how the few cases of defective roof can be effectively corrected.

The general model of the computer simulation has been developed by CBT

for (b).

' The general model of the computer simulation has been developed by CBT

for (c).

5
(f) Investigate and recommend whether solar energy^ can be technically and economically added for supplemental heat. One

possible use of solar energy is to provide for the reheat of

HVAC during the summer.

(g) Investigate and recommend whether additional insulation should

be provided for the building envelopes.

(h) Investigate and recommend the possible use of the wasted heat

discharged through the boiler stacks in Building 302.

An example of the need for the above special studies is that, based on

past engineering performance data, the capacity of the existing central

compressor and central boiler may be too large for cost-effective

operation. Special Sutdies (a), (b) and (c) are proposed to determine

whether to replace the pieces of equipment with the same capacity or with a smaller capacity. The Plant Division and CBT have collected

sufficient engineering data to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the

CMCS in Building 223 as described in Special Study (d).

2.2 STUDY PLAN

The study plan described the tasks required for the planned replacement

of aging and obsolete plant and facility equipment at the NBS

Gaithersburg site. Through the use of economic analysis, cost

engineering, computer simulation, maintenance and design engineering,

and the NBS budgeting process, this study plan can be effectively

carried out. Technical personnel from the CBT, CFM, Budget Office,

and outside consultants can be employed to complete this study.

The detailed tasks, time scheduling, and estimated funding levels

are listed in Table 2.2. Because special studies may result in

recommending additional opportunities for the efficient selections of

plant equipment replacement, two funding levels is given.

O The following steps are incorporated in the tasks listed in Table 2.2

(a) Identification of the portions of the physical plant that have

a finite useful life and assigning a life expectancy based on usual engineering practices.

* Coordination is required between this proposed project and the

Federal Solar Buildings Program run by the Department of Energy, DoE.

This program is established for Federal agencies to request up to

100 million dollar in the deminstration of solar energy use in

existing federal buildings.

2 The steps, (a) through (g) are extracted from the recommendation made

in budget review of the Site Maintenance Program, Code 83100.

6
Table 2.2 Study Plan

Estimated Funding

Levels in Thousand

Tasks Schedule in Month Dollars

1 2 3a4 5 6 7 8

1. Conduct Special Studies 40 to 80

\ \

2. Identify replacements 10 to 15

«

3. Select alternative

replacements and list

\

40 to 50

for each the engineering

performance and cost

1 4. Perform economic

analysis for replacement

alternatives zSs “" 10 to 20

5. Conduct budget planning

at several levels 10 to 20 7

6. Write report 10 to 15

Symbols

Total estimated funding levels 120 to 200^

Major involvement

Preliminary or continuing involvement

Review by CFM, 1, and by the Budget Office, 2.

The outputs can be considered milestones for this specific task.

a Preliminary results are scheduled to be available for the budgetary

process after 3 months.

^ It is noted that the one-time-only funding levels ranging from $12 OK to

$200K represent from 10 percent to 16 percent of the proposed Plant

Division projects for FY 79 estimated to be $1190K as listed in

Appendix A. 6. It is reasonable to assume that the results of this

proposed final study will be useful for budgetary planning for

at least five years and perhaps as long as twenty years.

^ A different format to describe the manpower requirement and milestones

will be prepared for a NBS Automatic Project Report Worksheet, NBS-228W.
(b) Separation of the equipment and systems components into meaningful groups or subsystems with assigraent of life expectancy to

the subgroup. Separate plans should be developed for Boulder

and Gaithersburg.

(c) Establishing the timeframe for the failure of these facilities

and sytems which includes a predictive range on either side of

the usual engineering life expectancy.

(d) Making a first cut at estimating the replacement cost of the

items and establishing the likely funds needed in a given year

to replace the items likely to fail.

(e) Matching the replacement cost to the potential year of failure

and determining the likely cost per year of all failures in

that year.

(f) Framing a replacement cost plan for each year involved and

determining the period the plan should be in effect.

(g) Determining the appropriate means to finance the costs in

each year and seeking the resources.

2.3 RECOMMENDATIONS

a. It is recommended that the Applied Economics Program of the

Building Economics and Regulatory Technology Division, CBT,

NEL, be funded at $120K to conduct this study and that $80K

be reserved for supplemental funding subject to the concurrence

of the CFM.

b. It is recommended that this study be started in October, 1978

so that the preliminary results of this study can be included

in the budgeting process for FY 1981.

c. It is recommended that this study approach be applied to the

Boulder Laboratories because the physical plant and facility

there are older than the Gaithersburg site and because much

of the study methods applied here can also be transferred to

the Boulder site.

8
APPENDIX A

PLANNING INFORMATION

The following lists of information were used for the planning of

this study.

A. 1 Programs and Tasks of Plant Division, CFM.

A. 2 List of Instructions for Preventive Maintenance Program at the NBS.

A. 3 List of Items Not on Regular Preventive Maintenance Program.

A. 4 List of Excavation, Grading and Seeding in 1978.

A. 5 List of Planting Material Replacement in 1978.

A. 6 List of Proposed Physical Plant Projects in Plant Division for

FY 1979.

A-l
A. 1

PROGRAMS 1 AND TASKS OF PLANT DIVISION, CFM

83000 Subactivity

Facilities Management

83100 Program: Site Maintenance

83101 Task: Prventive Maintenance

83102 Task: Other Maintenance and Repair

83103 TaskGrounds Maintenance

83104 Task: Maintenance Engineering

83105 TaskApprentice Training

83106 Task: Janitorial Services

83107 Task

Boulder Laboratory Building Maintenance

83108 Task: Boulder Laboratory Grounds Maintenance

83200 Program: Site Utilities

83201 Task: Central Steam and Chilled Water Generation

83202 Task: Purchased Utilities

83203 Task: Service Contracts

83204 TaskApprentice Training

83300 Program: Facilities Construction and Modification

83301 Task

Plant and Facilities Projects

83302 Task: Minor Modification Projects

83303 Task: Reimbursable Fixed Price Projects

83304 Task: Design Engineering

83305 TaskApprentice Training

83306 Task: Delta 2000 Monitor

1 It is noted that although the budget request deals only with the Site

Maintenance Program 83100, the impact of the Facilities Construction

and Modification Program, 83300 and the Site Utilities Program

83200 on the Site Maintenance Program cannot be excluded.

A-2
LIST OF INSTRUCTIONS FOR PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE PROGRAM 1 AT NBS

PM Instruction No. Description Plant Division Shop

1 Cooling Tower (CT) 01

2 Pumps (P) Verti-Line Booster 02

3 Air Compressor (AC), General Plant 01

4 Fans (E) (EH) 08

5 Air Conditioning Unit (ACU) 08

6 Filters (F) Remote 08

7 Refrigeration Unit (RU) Turbocompressor 01

8 Steam Generator (SG) 01

9 Sprinkler System (SP) (Inactive) 03

10 Electric Water Coolers (EWC) 08

11 Motorized Values (MV) (No instructions) 03

12 Gas Boilers (GB) 01

13 Unit Heater (UN) 03

14 Strainers (STR) (Inactive) 03

15 Concentrator (CO) 08

16 Control Panels (CNP), Central Plant

(No instructions)

01

17 Water Softener (WS) 01

18 Pressure Reducing Valve (PRV)

(No instructions)

03

19 Cathodic Protection System (CPS) 02

21 Deaerators (DE) 01

22 Non-fired Pressure Vessels (Inactive) 03

This study may result in recommending changes in the preventive

maintenance program.

A3
PM Instruction No. Description Plant Division Shop

23 Elevators (ELH) Hydraulic 02

24 Elevators (EL) Electric 02

25 Fan-Coil Units (FCU) 08

26 Aftercooler (AFC), 01

28 Sanitary Sewer Meter (SSM) 03

29 Network Proctor (NP) 02

30 Network Transformer (NT) 02

31 Switchboards (SB) 15 K.V 02

32 Switchboards (SB) Heavy Duty 02

33 Panel Boards (PA-PB) (Inactive) 02

34 Transfer Switches (TS) 02

35 Motor Starters (SM) 02

36 Motor Control Centers (MCC) 02

37 Louvres(L) (No instructions) 08

38 Ventilation Units (VU) 08

39 Pumps (P) Centrifugal 03

40 Pumps (CP) Condensate and (P) Sump 03

41 Pumps (P) Chemical Feed 01

42 Pumps (P) Horizontal Circulator 03

43 Pumps (FOP) Fuel Oil 01

44 Fans (CTF) Cooling Tower 01

46 Outside Service - Steam (ST) 01

47 Plugboards (PPB) 02

48 Air Conditioning Consoles (ACC) 08

A-4
PM Instruction No. Description *

' Plant Division Shop

49 Purification Loop (PL) 03

50 4000 Volt Motor Starter (SMRU) 02

51 Carbon Dioxide System (CDS) (Inactive) 03

52 Bridge Cranes (C) & Monorails

(M) (Elect. Only)

02

53 Street Lighting (SL) 02

54 Refrigeration Units (RU) Reciprocating 08

55 Roll-Up Doors (RDE) Electric 02

56 Packaged Chillers (PKC) (No Instructions) 08

57 Air Compressors (AC) Centrifugal 08

58 Heating - Ventilating Units (HV) 08

59 Batteries (BC) Cadmium & (BA) Acid 02

60 Air Compressors (AC) 08

61 Induction Relays (RY) 02

62 Dumbwaiters (DW) 02

63 Radiation Shielding Doors (RDS) 04

64 Dry Transformers (DT) 02

65 Roll-up Doors (RD) Manual 04

66 Outside Service - (EM) (SM) (TM) (PM) 02

68 Supervisory Panels (F), (S), (M) 02

69 Supervisory Consoles (SC) 02

70 Vacuum Pumps (VP) (No. instructions) 03

71 Diesel Generator (DG) Electric 02

72 Diesel Generator (DG) Mechanical 01

73 Obstruction Lighting (OL) 02

A5
PM Instruction No. Description Plant Division S hop

74 Folding Doors (FDE) Electric 02

75 Rectifiers (RE) 02

76 Emergency Illumination (EL) 02

77 Dock Leveler (DL) 02

78 Folding Doors (FDM) Manual 04

79 Dock Leveler (DLE) Electric 02

80 Dust Collectors (DC) 08

81 Steam Humidifiers (SH) (Remote) 08

82 Auto-Matic Door Operators (ADO) 02

83 Gas Generators (GG) 02

84 Voltage Regulators (VR) 02

85 Motor Generators (MG) 02

86 Electric Heaters (EH) (Inactive) 02

87 Air Washers (AW) 08

88 Dimmers (D) 02

89 Distillation Apparatus (DA) 03

90 Roof Repairs (R) 07

91 Oil Separators (OS) 03

A6
List of Items Not on Regular Preventive Maintenance Program ^

Roads and walks

Trees and shrubs, grass mowing

Piping (within building)

Piping (under ground)

Fence painting

Sidewalks - concrete

Walkways - stone

Stone paved areas (101 courtyard, main entrance, library north side)

Duct lining (kitchens and certain fire research areas)

Thermographic testing of electrical gear in substation and elsewhere

Testing for air leaks of compressed air valves

Sealing of air-conditioning unit (ACU) fan bases in attics to prevent

water leaking drain

Cooling coil (ACU) support replacement and other plenum repairs

Painting building (238) interior and exterior

Termite inspection

^ Some of the items listed here may be good candidates for the

Preventive Maintenance Program. The items listed have not

been grouped according to its functions.
List

Location

Near Bldg 220

Near Bldg 245

Near Bldg 101

Near Bldg 245

Near Bldg 308

Near Bldg 302

Near Bldg 304

Near Bldg 101

A.

of Excavation, Grading and Seeding in 1978 ^

Description

Regraded to eliminate water leak

Regraded to eliminate water leak

Regraded to eliminate water leak

Excavated and backfilled for

repairing water line

Changed contour

Excavated and backfilled for installing

electrical service

Excavated and backfilled for repairing

gas leak

Installed drain on the terrace

1 This list was not included in the 1978 budget.
A.

5

List of Planting Material Replacement in 1978 ^

No. and Kind of Plant Location

2 Linden Main row - North Drive

2 Hemlock Bldg. 101 - Courtyard

50 Azalea Various locations

100 Annuals Bldg 101 - Gate

100 Bulbs Bldg 101 - Gate

4 Red Maple Various locations

40 Holly Bldg 235

2 State Trees State Tree Grove

2 Darlington Oak Various locations

This list was not included in the 1978 budget

A9
A.

6

List of Proposed Physical Plant Work in Plant Division for FY 1979^

Division Bldg

Estimated

Description Subtotal Cost

331 101 Domestic Water Booster Pump

101 Lights Lecture Rooms A and B

101 Handicapped Access

231 B Wing Steps

235 P/S CW Loop

245 Relocate Switchgear

301 Relocate Sheet Metal Shop

301 Dock Leveler

302 Refrig Wing Doors

302 Addition

GPL Bearings Modification

GPL Temporary Electrical Power

GPL Partitions

Site Hand Rails

Site Fence

Site Water Connection

Site Water Loop

Site Steam Loop

GPL 55° F Cooling Water Heater

Estimated Subtotal Cost $950K.

^ Some of the items listed here have not been approved for maintenance

or modification for FY 79. However, this list is quite comprehensive

for the Plant Division Work.

A- 10
Es t uua ted

Division Bldg Description Subtotal Cost

352 304 Screen Loading Dock

304 Optic Shop

304 Acid Drain

Estimated Subtotal Cost

353 101 Accoustical Treatment of Switch

Board Room

301 A/C Warehouse

301 Steam to Door Heater

301 Emerg Door Rm B194

303 Lunch Room

Estimated Subtotal Cost

533 245 A/C Rm F101*

535 245 Storage Bldg

562 231 Relocate FTM*

564 231 A/C B Wing West

566 235 Counting Rooms

235 Gate Lock

Estimated Total Cost

* Technical research project related.

$5UK

$100K

$1 , I90K

A-ll
NBS-114A (REV. 5-78)

U S. DEPT. OF COMM. BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA

SHEET

1. PUBLICATION OR REPORT NO. NBSIR 78-1567

2. Gov’t Accession

No.

3. Recipient’s Accession No.

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Preliminary Study of Planned Replacement of Plant and Facility

Equipment at the NBS Gaithersburg Site

5. Publication Date November 1978

6 . Performing Organization Code

7. AUTHOR(S)

Phillip T. Chen

S. Performing Organ. Report No.

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20234

10. Project/Task/Work Unit No.

11. Contract/Grant No.

12. Sponsoring Organization Name and Complete Address (Street, City, State, ZIP) 13. Type of Report & Period Covered

Final

14. Sponsoring Agency Code

IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

16. ABSTRACT (A 200-word or less factual summary of most significant information. If document includes a significant

bibliography or literature survey, mention it here.) This preliminary study identifies twenty-two building systems and components as likely

candidates for the replacement of the aging and obsolete plant and facility equipment

at the National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg Site. The study, conducted by the

Applied Economics Program, also shows a research plan for future engineering and

economic evaluations involving the replacement of plant and facility equipment.

17. KEY WORDS (six to twelve entries; alphabetical order; capitalize only the first letter of the first key word unless a proper name; separated by semicolons

)

Budgeting process; building design; building maintenance; economic analysis; energy

conservation; life-cycle costing; rehabilitation cost.

18. AVAILABILITY [^Unlimited

[2 For Official Distribution. Do Not Release to NTIS

[H1 Order From Sup. of Doc., U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402, SD Stock No. SN003-00j

Order From National Technical Information Service (NTIS)

Springfield, Virginia 22161 \

19. SECURITY CLASS

(THIS REPORT)

UNCLASSIFIED

20. SECURITY CLASS

(THIS PAGE)

UNCLASSIFIED

21. NO. OF PAGES

25

22. Price

$ 4.00

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